049225 
 
 CORNELL 
 
 UNIVERSITY 
 
 LIBRARY 
 
 THIS BOOK IS ONE OF A 
 COLLECTION MADE BY 
 
 BENNO LOEWY- 
 1854-1919 
 
 AND BEQUEATHED TO 
 CORNELL UNIVERSITY 
 
CorneH University Library 
 
 The ancient and gefi??S nmiuiiiuniin 
 
 I 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ' 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 GAYLORD 
 
 
 
 PRINTED IN U.S.A. 
 
The original of this book is in 
 the Cornell University Library. 
 
 There are no known copyright restrictions in 
 the United States on the use of the text. 
 
 http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924030324812 
 
THE 
 
 ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED 
 
 SCOTTISH RITE, 
 
 IN THIRTY-THREE DEGREES. 
 
 KNOWN HITHERTO UNDER THE NAMES OF 
 
 IHE " RITE OF perfection" ^THE " RITE OF HEREDOM" THE " ANCIENT 
 
 SCOTTISH rite" THE " RITE OF KILWINNING" AND LAST, AS 
 
 THE " SCOTTISH RITE, ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED." 
 
 A FULL AND COMPLETE HISTOET, 
 
 WITH AN APPENDIX, 
 
 OONTACnNO NCMEROnS AUTHENTIC DOCUMENTS, KELATINO TO THE ORIGIN, PKO- 
 
 QRBSa AND ESTABLISHMENT OF THE RITE — EDICTS, CIROULABS, PATENTS, 
 
 BEOISTKRS, AND THE OPINIONS OP NUMEROUS AUTHORS — 
 
 ILLUSTRATED WITH " TABLETS," 
 
 BY 
 ROBERT B. FOLGER, M. D., Past Master, 33d., 
 
 EZ-SECBETARY GENERAL, ftO. 
 
 •■' '^ Hen 
 
 7~3^ NEW YORK: 
 
 * PUBLISHEiD BY THE AUTHOR. 
 
 188 1. 
 
 -^7 
 

 4^?/' io7 
 
 Entb!Kbd according to Act of Congress in the year 1863, 
 
 By ROBERT B. FOLGER, M.D., 
 
 In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the United States, 
 for the Southern District of New York. 
 
TO THE 
 
 fatomia Sffoets 
 
 OF 
 
 No. 17S. 
 
 FBEE AND ACCEPTED MASONS, 
 
 NEW YORK CITY. 
 
 The unwavering and long continued kindness received at the 
 hands of Bro. G. W. Steinbrenner, your worthy President — the 
 encouragement from members in preparing the work for publi- 
 cation — and the many tokens of fraternal feeling which have 
 been bestowed by the Society, induce me to dedicate to you, the 
 first fruit of my labors as an Author. 
 
 No pains have been spared in collecting together the mate- 
 rials of which the work is composed. Doubtless there will be 
 found in it many imperfections, yet it has been my earnest desire 
 to make the history perfect and complete. Fully sensible that it 
 is open to criticism in many particulars, and unable from the 
 scarcity of authentic and reliable documents, to alter it in any 
 way for the better ; I send it forth in the hope, that the value 
 to the fraternity of the information which it contains, will cover 
 most of its defects. 
 
 Respectfully and Fraternally, 
 
 Robert B. Folgek, M. D. 
 New ToBK— 1862. 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 CHAPTER FIRST, 
 
 IxTBOoironoH — ^Ezplanatioii of the Nature of the Histoiy — Plan of the Work 
 — Author's referred to— Remarkfl. ..... page 11. 
 
 CHAPTER SECOND. 
 
 Origin and Progress of the Rite op Peefection — The doctrine of " Debita- 
 TiON " advocated as the basis of all " legal Masonic bodies " — ^Formation of 
 the Grand Lodge of France — Introduction of new degrees into the system 
 
 of Masonry — Council of the Emperors of the East and West " Lacome 
 
 Grand Lodge " — Rite of Perfection — ^The Council in which it is practiced 
 unites with the Grand Lodge of France — Union of the Grand Lodge of 
 
 France with the Grand Orient — Nature of the Grand Orient of France 
 
 Tablet showing the progress of the Rite — 1761 — Stephen MorinJ his 
 Patent or Power — Controversy between the Grand Orient and the Supreme 
 Council of Prance, concerning the rights of the Grand Orient — St. Domingo 
 — Stephen Morin's Patent annulled in 1766 — Establishment of the Supreme 
 Council of Charleston, May 31st, 1801 — They adopt a "new rite," and 
 issue a Circular in 1802. ....... Page 22. 
 
 CHAPTER THIRD. 
 
 The " RrrE of Peefection " receives a, new name, viz., " Ancient and 
 Accepted " — Progress of Morin — Appointments made by him and his 
 successors — John Mitchell and Pbedeeick Dalcho — The Thirty-third 
 degree how manufactured — New degrees added on — Commencement of the 
 Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite — Review of the Charleston docu- 
 ment of 1802 — A Schedule of all the rites known, with the dates of their 
 origin, &c. — " Tabid " exhibiting their origin, progress and termination — 
 Opinions of the Authors concerning the Ancient and Accepted Bite — Its 
 false pretensions to Antiquity exposed — Its Blasphemy noticed —Frederick 
 of Prussia — ^The " Vbea Institota Seoeeta," or the Secret Constitutions 
 — Recapitulation of the claims set up by this document, and their falsity 
 exposed. ..... .... Page 36. 
 
6 CONTENTS. 
 
 CHAPTEK rOURTH. 
 
 Pbogeess of the Anoibnt and Accepted Scottish Kite — A difficulty with 
 the Grand Lodge of South Carolina averted — Progress — ^Augustus Provost 
 — ^Pierre le Barbier Plessis— Wm. Moore Smith — Moses Seixas — Moses 
 Cohen — John Gabriel Tardy — Abraham Jacobs, his exploits in Savannah 
 and other parts of Georgia — J. J. J. Gonrgas — Registers — Count De 
 Grasse — He goes to Prance, and establishes the Supreme Grand Council 
 Thirty-third degree, Ancient and Accepted Rite, in Paris in 1804 — Quarrel 
 thereupon between the Grand Orient and the Supreme Council of De Grasse 
 — Particulars — The claims of both — The Charleston Council in 1802 — 
 Snblime Lodge and Council of Savannah, Georgia — How — and by whom 
 formed — Charleston Council 1813. - - - Page 76. 
 
 CHAPTER FIFTH. 
 
 Progress of the " Rite of Perfection," or Ancient Scottish Rite of Heredom 
 — ^Establishment of the " Sovereign Grand Consistory " in New York 
 city in 1807 by Joseph Cerneau — Acknowledgment by the Supreme Coun- 
 cil of Prance, 1813— Also by the Grand Orient of France, 1816— Title of 
 the Consistory, and the name of the " Rite " practiced — Joseph Cerneau 
 — His character — A Review of the charges brought against him — Narra- 
 tive of Jeremy L. Cross — Abraham Jacobs — His Register and Diary in 
 full — Particulars of his proceedings — Emanuel De La Motta comes from 
 
 • Charleston to New York— His pretended Consistory of 1806 — His own 
 account of his proceedings — He erects a Supreme Council in New York in 
 1813 — He expels Joseph Cerneau, his abettors and followers — Reply of the 
 Sovereign Grand Consistory — Rejoinder of De La Motta — The end of the 
 Supreme Council of De La Motta. - Page 104. 
 
 CHAPTER. SIXTH. 
 
 Further progress of the " Ancient Constitutional Scottish Rite of Heredom " 
 
 Establishment of a Consistory in Rhode Island, 1813 — Also a Consistory 
 in Louisiana, 1813 — Concordat entered into between the Grand Lodge and 
 Grand Consistory of Louisiana in 1833 — Establishment of a Consistory in 
 
 the city of Charleston, South Carolina — Joseph McCosh — P. Javain The 
 
 controversy — ^Establishment of a Consistory in Pennsylvania List of 
 
 Deputy Inspectors General— Also a list of Representatives. Page 165. 
 
 CHAPTER SEVENTH. 
 
 Further progress of the " Ancient- Constitutional Scottish Rite of Heredom " 
 
 From 1818 to 1828 — Disappearance of De La Motta — Gourgas Supreme 
 Council — St. John's Hall — Henry Marsh — Edict concerning D'Glock 
 d'Obemay — Withdrawal of J. Cerneau as Grand Commander, and becomes 
 
CONTENTS. 7 
 
 " Honorary " in 1821 — Succeeded by Hon. John W. Mulligan as Grand 
 Commander 1822 — Seth Driggs appointed a Deputy Inspector General for 
 the island of Trinidad — Hon. John W. Mulligan resigns in 1823, and is suc- 
 ceeded by the Hon. Cewitt Clinton as Grand Commander — Edict issued 
 denouncing the Supreme Council of South Carolina — List of Consistories — 
 The Marquis de Lafayette arrives in the United States and is exalted to the 
 Sublime degrees in 1824 — Charter granted by the Sovereign Grand Consis- 
 tory for a Sovereign Chapter Kose Croix, by title " Lafayette " — List of 
 Officers — ^Richard S. Spofford, M. D., of Newboryport, Mass., exalted to 
 the Thirty-third degree, and appointed Deputy Inspector General for the 
 State of Mass. 1825 — In 1826, David Jewett, an Officer in the Brazilian 
 service, appointed Deputy Inspector General for the Empire of Brazil^ — 
 1827, Anti-Masonic excitement — 1828, death of Hon. Dewitt Clinton — 
 Henry C. Atwood — Libels on Joesph Cerneau answered — Differences exam- 
 ined between the Sovereign Grand Consistory of the " Ancient Constitutional 
 Scottish Rite of Heredom," and the Supreme Council of (/harleston, of the 
 " Ancient and Accepted Rite." ...... Page 176. 
 
 CHAPTER EIGHTH. 
 
 Foundation in New Tork of the Ancient and Accepted Rite — 1827 — Anti- 
 Masonic Excitement — ^William Morgan — David C. Miller — Convention of 
 Seceding Masons — A Political move — Union of the two Grand Lodges of 
 the State of New Tork — Effects of the storm — The exploit of J. J. J. 
 Gourgas and the body at Charleston in 1828 — The establishment of the 
 " United Supreme Council for the Western Hemisphere " in 1832 — Count 
 St. Laurent — Proceedings of the Sovereign Grand Consistory — Proposition 
 for a Union — Treaty between the Sovereign Grand Consistory and the 
 Supreme Council for Terra Pirma, South America, Mexico, &o. — Its Eatifl- 
 cation — ^Treaty entered into with the Supreme Council for Prance, Supreme 
 Council for Belgium, and Supreme Council for Brazil, with the Constitu- 
 tions of 1762, and the Secret Institutes of 1786 attached — Dissensions in 
 the body — Lafayette Rose Croix Chapter — Henry Marsh, Henry C. Atwood, 
 and Wm P. Piatt — List of officers of the United Supreme Council — Count 
 St. Laurent returns to Prance — Ratification of the Treaty — Grand Lodge 
 of the State of New Tork in 1837— The Atwood difficulty— Particulars- 
 Organization of St. John's Grand Lodge — Bodies chartered by that body — 
 Henry C. Atwood — Correspondence of the Supreme Council of Brazil with 
 the United Supreme Council — Dissolution of a branch of the United Su- 
 preme Council in 1846 — The other branch of the Council takes its place 
 and succeeds it — Supreme Council for Louisiana — James Poulhouze — Ex- 
 tract from the Report to the Grand Orient of Prance — John Gedge — 
 Albert G. Mackey — Grand Lodge of Louisiana — L. Ladebat's address — 
 Dissensions in the Supreme Council for Louisiana — New Supreme Council 
 formed there. The Consistory of J. Gedge. Page 194. 
 
8 CONTENTS, 
 
 CHAPTER NINTH. 
 
 Pnrther progress of the " Ancient and Accepted Rite '' — History of the Snpreme 
 Comicil for the United States of America, their Territories and Dependen- 
 cies, resnmed — Henry 0. Atwood — The New Council — ^how formed — and 
 the reasons — ^List of its Officers — J. J. J. Gonrgas — GJeneral Grand Chapter 
 — 0. C. Sebring — ^The Maiden Edict of the Gonrgas Snpreme Conncil — 
 Convention at Chicago — Eev. Bro. Walker — ^Lodge of Perfection in New 
 York nnder Gonrgas — Re-organization of the Snpreme Conncil nnder 
 Jeremy L. Cross — The terms and conditions — List of its Officers — The Edict 
 and Appeal — ^Eeply to a previous Edict, and also to the present one, by the 
 Gk>i]i^as Conncil — Masonic publications — Edict by the Charleston Council, 
 denying the authenticity of the Patent of Jeremy L. Cross — Copy of the 
 Patent, with the attestation of one of the signers — Besignation of Jeremy 
 L. Croes — Seasons — Be-organization and Installation by the Dlustrions 
 Brother James Foolhouze, Sovereign Grand Commander for Louisiana — 
 list of Officers installed — ^Treaty between the Supreme Council for the 
 United States and the Supreme Council for Louisiana — ^Leblanc de Marcon- 
 nay — General Mosquera — Eesignations — List of Officers in 1856 — Petitions 
 for new bodies — Death of Illnstrious Brother Henry C. Atwood — ^List of 
 Officers in 1857 — Supreme Council for the State of Connecticut — bodiea 
 under its jurisdiction — Supreme Conncil for the State of California — Sot<»- 
 leign Grand Consistory for the State of New Jersey — Sovereign Graiid 
 Consistory for the State of Massachusetta — History of the Gonrgas Coundl 
 established in 1848 — Split — Raymond Council — Recapitulation — Sublime 
 Lodge of Perfection at Albany, (New York) — Giles Fonda Yates — A re- 
 view of his speech — ^facts stated — Conclnsionof the work of the Sublime 
 Lodge. Page 243. 
 
 CHAPTER TENTH. 
 Statistic Account, denoting the formation and Progress of the M. P. and 
 Sovereign Grand Consistory of the Supreme Chiefs of Exalted Masonry, and 
 of the Supreme Grand Council of the Thirty-third degree. Page 287. 
 
 CHAPTER ELEVENTH. 
 
 An Epitome of Events and Occurrences, directly or indirectly connected with 
 the "■Site" — ^very full, and eztaiding ftom the year 1700 to the year 
 1862. - . ... Page 305. 
 
 CHAPTER TWELFTH. 
 
 Condosion. The Author's Opinions — Explanation of Plate 2 and 3 — Re- 
 marks addieased to the Fraternity. - - • Page 324. 
 
SCOTTISH BITE 
 
 ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED. 
 
SCOTTISH RITE, 
 
 ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED. 
 
 CHAPTER FIRST. 
 
 Introduction. — Explanation of the nature of the History. — Plan 
 OF the wokk. — Authors referred to. — Remarks. 
 
 The Author, in presenting the following History, to the 
 Masonic fraternity, proposes to ^ive a succinct account of 
 what is known among them as the " High Degrees," so far as 
 that history may be connected with their introduction into 
 this country, and their progress, up to the present time. 
 
 His connection with the Supreme Council has been a long 
 one, and during the time in which he was called upon to offici- 
 ate as Secretary General of the body, the request was made, 
 that he should prepare a history of the same. In accordance 
 with that request, tlfe work was commenced in 1853, and was 
 carried on through a period of two or more years, during 
 which time, all the printed documents and manuscripts accom- 
 panying the history, were collected from the hands of scatter- 
 ed members, together with translations from French and Ger- 
 man Authors who had written upon the subject The collation 
 of the same was commenced at a time when Party Spirit ran 
 high among the fraternity, and in the report which was then 
 written, and delivered to the Council, much matter found its 
 way, which, at the present time would be deemed objectiona- 
 ble, and entirely out of place. , 
 
 Having been subsequently called upon by the Latomia So- 
 
12 SCOTl'ISH RITE, ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED. 
 
 ciety of Atlantic Lodge, of which he is a member, to read 
 the Report before them, he undertook to remove from it all 
 objectionable features, and place it in the form of a series of 
 Lectures, which were delivered before the Society during the 
 winter of 1860. The favor with which the Lectures were 
 received, and the expressed wish of the Society that they 
 should be published, have led him to re-write the Lectures in 
 the form of a History, in which shape it now appears. And 
 it is hoped, that while it will throw some light upon many 
 parts of the subject which have been hitherto dark, it will 
 also answer another very important object to the Fraternity, 
 viz., it will bring to light many documents which have been 
 generally unknown, will place in their hands many others 
 which are not to be found at the present time, being out of 
 print, and preserve the whole in the form of a "hand book^' 
 for future reference. 
 
 In collecting materials for the History of the Sublime de- 
 grees, he has sought to avail himself of every source of authen- 
 tic, and valuable information, applicable to his design of ma- 
 king the work both interesting and useful. How far these 
 endeavors may have been successful, must be submitted to the 
 deliberate consideration of the reader. In justice to himself 
 he can truly say, that he has avoided no reasonable labor to 
 make the publication vsrorthy the approbation of the Frater- 
 nity, although he has fallen far short of satisfying himself, or 
 of accomplishing all that he had anticipated at its commence- 
 ment. His principal aim has been throughout, to present a 
 brief, yet correct account of such matters in relation to the 
 Sublime degrees, as he conceived best worthy of preserving, 
 and most likely to prove a repository of valuable historical 
 and statistical information. He is however constrained to ac- 
 knowledge that, had he, in the commencement, been able to 
 realize in any considerable degree, the labor he was about to 
 assume, and the obstacles he encountered in his progress, he 
 would have been almost deterred from the undertaking. The 
 peculiar condition and deficiency of many records, and the 
 difficulty in obtaining those in possession of other persons, are 
 two 3f the obstacles among those to which he alludes 
 
INTRODUCTION. 13 
 
 It would be proper here to state, that the degrees, to which 
 this history relates, have no connection whatever with what is 
 known as " Ancient Craft Masonry,^'' whether derived from 
 York, in England, or Kilwinning, in Scotland. That system 
 consists of the three first degrees of Masonry, known as the 
 Entered Apprentice, the Fellow Craft, and the Master Mason, 
 with the appendage of what is now termed " the Royal Arch." 
 These degrees form a system within themselves, complete in 
 all its parts, are of great antiquity, having become hoary with 
 age many centuries before the High degrees came into being. 
 This simple system is, in fact, the basis of all other Masonic 
 degrees, by whatever name they may be called. 
 
 This is the system which has been received and practiced 
 upon in this country, from the year 1730 up to 1800, at which 
 time it took to itself a new form. Hitherto the Royal Arch 
 degree was conferred in Blue Lodges, under the appellation of 
 a " Chapter" and the Mark degree was conferred in " Mark 
 Lodges," which were distinct bodies. But when the work of 
 the three first degrees had at that time become systematized, 
 and placed in the form of " Lectures" the same set of men 
 were requested to revise degrees for the Chapter, and place 
 them also in form. They accordingly met, took the Mark 
 degree for the commencement, added the Past Master as the 
 fifth, displaced a portion of the Royal Arch, and called it the 
 " Most Excellent Master," and finished with the Royal Arch. 
 These four degrees then became a system, and, with the first 
 three degrees added, form Seven, as the received system in this 
 country, styled, " Ancient Craft Masonry." The degrees of 
 Royal and Select Master, are still kept separate, although, 
 strictly speaking, the system without them is incomplete. 
 
 Subsequently, in 1811, the Orders of Knighthood were 
 systematized and introduced. There had been, as early as 
 1790 to 1795, Encampments of Knights Templar, but the 
 bodies of that name conferred but one degree. Nor was it 
 necessary for a man to be a Mason, in order to be entitled to 
 it. The degree, then, had nothing to do with Masonry. But 
 about this time the system was organized by a body of the 
 Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite. They made the " Knight 
 
14 SCOTTISH RITE, ANCIENT. AND ACCEPTED. 
 
 of the. Red Cross," which is synonymous with " Knight of the 
 East" afid "Prince of Jerusalem" the first; the "Knight 
 Templar," which is synonymous with the " Rose Croix " and 
 " Kadosh," the second ; the " Knight of Malta " or " St. John 
 of Jerusalem " (a detached degree), the third ; the " Knight of 
 the Christian Mark," the fourth ; and " Knight of the Holy 
 Sepulchre," the fifth and last. These were embodied as En- 
 campment degrees, and were conferred at that time according 
 to the ritual of the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite, from 
 which the principal degrees were derived. The lecturers, 
 however, soon took them in hand, shaped them according to 
 their views, adopted a system of Lectures, and by the year 
 1816 they were adopted, and placed where they now stand ; a 
 General Grand Encampment was formed, and they virtually 
 became part and parcel of Ancient Craft Masonry. This is 
 the system adopted in this Country as legitimate Ancient Craft 
 Masonry, and, as a natural consequence, no other system is 
 sought after. 
 
 It is not, however, known or practiced in England, Scotland, 
 or Ireland. In all those countries they practice the first three 
 degrees like ourselves, follow them with the Royal Arch, as of 
 old, while the Templars' degree is altogether a separate matter. 
 The Past Master's degree remains in the Blue Lodge, where it 
 belongs ; and the Mark degree is conferred as a side degree 
 pertaining to the Fellow Craft. 
 
 Europe differs from us altogether, many portions of it, as 
 well as South America and the islands, adopting the Ancient 
 and Accepted Scottish Rite. Like us, they begin with the first 
 three degrees, after which comes in thirty degrees, beginning 
 with the Fourth, or Secret Master, and terminating with the 
 Thirty-third. While they leave out the Chapter and Encamp- 
 ment degrees (as known in the system which we now practice), 
 they give the same degrees in another form and name, and 
 with many additions and extensions. Thus the Royal Arch 
 degree is synonymous with the Thirteenth and Pourteeuth, the 
 "Red Cross " with the Fifteenth and Sixteenth, the " Templar " 
 with the Eighteenth and Thirtieth, while the remaining degrees 
 are all of them disconnected. In Prance they have condensed 
 
INTRODUCTION. I5 
 
 the first eighteen degrees into seven, the Rose Croix being the 
 Seventh, and it is now known all over the world as the 
 " Modern French Rite." 
 
 Perhaps this short sketch will show to the American Mason, 
 the reason why so many foreign Masons are turned from the 
 door of the Lodge when they apply for admission, on the 
 ground that they are " Modern," or " Spurious." They have all 
 received the same thing, and in a manner quite as legitimate, 
 but they have received them in a form differing somewhat from 
 our own. 
 
 This system, then, viz., the Ancient and Accepted Scottish 
 Rite, is the one of which this book purports to be a short 
 history. It has been known under various names, as the 
 " Ineffable," the " Sublime," the " Exalted or High degrees," the 
 "Philosophical," the " Scottish System," the " Rite of Perfection," 
 the "Right of Heredom,qf Kilwinning," and the "Ancient and 
 Accepted Scottish Rite," now comprising thirty degrees in num- 
 ber, beginning with the Fourth, or Secret Master, and termi- 
 nating with the Thirty-third, or Sovereign Grand Inspector 
 General, — the members of the last named degree constituting 
 a Supreme Grand Council, which is the absolute ruler or gov- 
 erning power of the Rite. 
 
 This system has made its way to this Country, and is now 
 firmly established among us. Until of late, its progress has 
 been varied — sometimes being in a thriving condition, in 
 certain locations, and sometimes being almost extinct. But 
 within a few years it has lifted up its head. It is established 
 in South Carolina, Louisiana, New York, Massachusetts, Con- 
 necticut, New Jersey, Ohio and Illinois, and bids fair to be 
 practised in every State in the Union. It is to be regretted 
 that, from its very commencement, its progress in this Country, 
 as well as in other lands, has been marked with bitter conten- 
 tions and constant quarrels, for the simple reason that, hitherto, 
 one system has been antagonistic to the other, by which both 
 have become mixed and confused. 
 
 In all these difficulties Masons of every degree have taken 
 an active part. And it is lamentable, now, to look back and 
 ■witness the many serious mistakes which have been made from 
 
16 SCOTTISH RITE, ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED. 
 
 a mere want of knowledge concerning the history and events 
 connected with the Rite. It is that which has led the author 
 to a Tery close and careful examination of the subject, produc- 
 ing in the end this history, which he offers for your encourage 
 ment. Every Master Mason needs the information which it 
 contains ; and it is intended for such, as well as for members 
 of the High degrees. 
 
 While the bodies working in Ancient Craft Masonry have 
 the simple appellation of Lodges, those under this rite claim a 
 greater antiquity, a purer ritual, and, above all, a controlling 
 power — styling their bodies Chapters, Colleges, Areopagi, 
 Consistories and Councils. They have made strong and long 
 continued efforts to remove the ancient landmarks, that they 
 might, if possible, supersede the old system, and replace it 
 with the new. 
 
 One party has claimed that the whole system is a " continua- 
 tion " of Ancient Craft Masonry, as so many links in a chain, 
 reaching from the bottom to the top of the edifice, one link of 
 which being wanting, the whole would be useless and come to 
 nothing — by such assertions deceiving the members of Ancient 
 Craft Masonry into the belief that, their initiation into the 
 High degrees was a necessity, if they desired to complete their 
 Masonic education. 
 
 Another party has been equally earnest in contending for the 
 precedence of the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite over the 
 York Rite, and have endeavored to establish and constitute 
 Symbolic Lodges of their own, with what they call a " fmrer 
 rite," thus superseding, or conflicting with the York bodies and 
 the Grand Lodges from which they derive. 
 
 While another party, which includes a large portion of the 
 Fraternity, have discarded the Rite altogether. They have 
 been educated in, and have lived under, the Ancient York Rite. 
 They are satisfied with its teachings, usages, government, &c. 
 and are quite unwilling to relinquish a system so generally 
 received and practiced, for another of such questionable 
 authority, and of which they know nothing. 
 
 These controversies have been a source of annoyance and 
 trouble, from the very commencement of the organization. 
 
INTRODUCTION. 17 
 
 They have been produced, in a great measure, by designing 
 men, who have been so industrious and energetic, that they 
 have succeeded, in numerous instances, in deceiving well-mean- 
 ing brethren, who would not take the pains to inform themselves 
 upon the subject. The exhibition of documents perfectly 
 authentic, the respectability of members, the acknowledgement 
 _and correspondence of foreign and distant Councils, the testi- 
 monials of ancient and younger members, and the records of 
 the past, all seem to have lost their weight and influence ; and 
 they have appeared in most instances to be ready to place 
 implicit confidence in the statement and assertions of men, no 
 matter how monstrous their pretension, rather than examine 
 the evidence which has been at all times open to their inspec- 
 tion, and allow the simple truth to have its proper weight. 
 
 It is for the purpose of imparting information, having a 
 bearing upon thes e points, that this history is written, accom- 
 panied with all the documents that could be obtained. Its 
 plan will be very simple and easily understood, because it will 
 be a relation of facts as they occurred. It will take up the 
 degrees at their commencement in Europe, show the power as 
 given to Stehen Morin, the first Inspector for "foreign parts " 
 initiated and appointed under this system, follow him from 
 Paris to St. Domingo, and trace and designate his successors 
 to the United States. It will give the particulars concerning 
 the founding of the Supreme Council at Charleston, follow the 
 emissary of that Council to Paris again, where a similar body 
 is formed by him as a rival to the Grand Orient of France. 
 Returning to St. Domingo, it will follow Joseph CERNEAtr, 
 a successor of Morin, from thence to New York, and give the 
 particulars connected with the founding of a Sovereign Grand 
 Consistory of the Ancient Constitutional Scottish Rite of 
 Heredom — ^having a Supreme Council in its bosom — trace its 
 progress from the commencement to its becoming the United 
 Supreme Council for the Western Hemisphere (Ancient and 
 Accepted Rite) ; and last, the Supreme Council of 1846 and 
 1848, up to the present day. 
 
 In completing the European portions of the history, very 
 
18 SCOTTISH RITE, ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED. 
 
 copious and full extracts have been given from the following 
 French authors, viz. : 
 
 Thory. — Acta Latamorum. 
 
 Ragon. — Orthodox Magonnique. 
 
 Clavel. — Hist. Pitt, de la Franc Ma9. 
 
 Kaufman and Cherpin. — Hist. Philos. de la Franc Map. 
 
 Rebold. — Hist. Gen. de la Franc Mag. 
 
 Besuchet. — ^Precis Hist, de la Franc Mag. 
 
 Levigtte. — ^Apergu General, &c. 
 
 Vassal. — ^Essai, &c. 
 
 Vidal Fezendie. — Essai Hist, sur la Franc Mag. 
 
 Chemin Dupontes. — Cours Pratique de Franc Mag. 
 
 Boubee. — Etudes sur la Franc Mag. 
 
 Bobrik des Etanges, and others. Also — 
 
 Recuiel des Actes du Sup. Conseil de France. 
 
 Report of Leblanc de Marconnay ; translated by Ladebat. 
 
 And last, not least, a work written by Messrs. Lamarre and 
 Ladebat, of New Orleans. The authors of which have shown a 
 depth of research, and a patience of labor, which is worthy of 
 all praise. And, although the author cannot agree with them 
 in many of their inferences, and would not attempt to examine 
 into, or decide upon, the merits of the case which they attempt 
 to plead, yet he is constrained to offer to them his thanks for 
 the important facts which the production of their work has 
 brought to light. 
 
 That portion of the history connected with our own country, 
 is derived from the records of the Sovereign Grand Consistory; 
 from the Hon. John W. Mulligan, First Grand Commander 
 of the Order, succeeding Joseph Cerneau ; from the register 
 and papers of the late D. L. M. Peixotto ; from documents 
 in possession of R. M. Spopfoed, M. D., Newburyport, Mass. ; 
 from Seth Deiggs, Esq. ; from the late Feancis Dubtjae, late 
 Lewis Timolat, Jambs Hbeeing, Esq., and others. Some of 
 the brethren above mentioned have died since the history was 
 commenced. To those who are living, the author would return 
 his thanks for the many acts of kindness he has received at 
 their hands, while engaged in this work. 
 
 The author will have occasion to say something in the 
 
INTRODUCTION. 19 
 
 history concerning tliat sect of people denominated Israelites 
 or Jews, partly in the way of quotations from different authors, 
 and partly on his own responsibility. As far as it regards the 
 quotations, he can only say that, he feels himself obliged to 
 give the words of others precisely as they are written, if he 
 gives them at all, and, of course, is not accountable for the 
 sentiments which they entertain. But as far as he is individu- 
 ally concerned, he would say that, he does not make use of the 
 term " Jew " in derision, as some no doubt will suppose, but 
 simply as a matter of justice to the degrees denominated the 
 " Exalted or Sublime," numbering from the Seventeenth to the 
 Thirty-third, inclusive. 
 
 These degrees, or at least some of them, are founded upon, 
 and promulgate the peculiar doctrines of Christianity, more 
 especially the Divinity, Death, Resurrection and Ascension of 
 the Messiah, our common Lord. The right of possession to all 
 the degrees of Masonry, up to the Sixteenth of the Ancient 
 and Accepted Rite, is claimed by all sects of people alike, 
 because they are not based upon, and have no direct allusion 
 to these doctrines. But the Statutes of the Order, as well as 
 the moral sense of the members of the institution, require that 
 a Jew should go no further in these mysteries, because he is 
 not a believer in the doctrines which they assume to teach. It 
 is most true, that the degrees spoken of, have beeji altered, 
 interpolated, remodelled, and reconstructed in such a way as to 
 accommodate themselves to the feelings of all concerned. It 
 is true that, the opposers of these doctrines have put out of the 
 way, the plainest and most impressive emblems, and, at the 
 same time, have so covered up and mystified with science and 
 philosophy, falsely so called, those symbols and emblems which 
 they have suffered to remain, that it would now puzzle a wise 
 man to find out, by careful study and deep investigation, what, 
 if any, meaning attached to them. But with these degrees, so 
 remodelled, we have nothing to do. The Sovereign Grand 
 Consistory rejected them altogether, — taking its stand on the 
 original or ancient ground (if any such ground there be), and 
 issued the following edict, under date of November 14th, 
 1823: 
 
20 SCOTTISH RITE, ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED. 
 
 " The Sovereign Grand Consistory having heard read a communicatian 
 from our Representative for the State of South Carolina (Charlestoi\)j 
 respecting the pretended Grand Council in the said State, and, having 
 seriously deliberated on the same, has felt it a duty, thus promptly and 
 expressly to caution all Councils and Chapters deriving their authority 
 from under this Sovereign Grand Consistory, against having any connec- 
 tion, or holding correspondence with any Councils or Chapters, or with 
 any person or persons professing to be member or members of any Coun- 
 cil or Chapter, located in the United States of America or elsewhere, 
 particularly with certain ' Societies ' under the assumed title of ' Kadosh,' 
 whose members are unworthy of possessing the Sublime degrees of Philo- 
 sophic Masonry, which are founded on the Christian Religion, to which 
 they are enemies in principles, and not recognized by this Sovereign Grand 
 Consistory ; all and every such Chapter being Spurious and Irregular, and 
 their members ' Impostbrs,' " &c. 
 
 There is connected with this history a statistic account of 
 the Sovereign Grand Consistory and Supreme Grand Council, 
 from its commencement up to the present time. This account 
 is an abstract from the records of the Consistory, from the 
 documents issued, from the documents in possession of many 
 of the old members of the body, and from such other sources 
 as have been presented to him by those surviving members of 
 the old Council, — all of which are authentic and indisputable. 
 He has endeavored to produce the simple facts as they stand 
 recorded, and it is hoped they will be fairly examined. He 
 has also given the documents in full, which have been issued 
 by the opposers of the old Council in all its stages, in 
 order, not only to avoid the imputation of partial dealing, but 
 also to give a fair opportunity to all concerned, that they may 
 form correct opinions, as it regards the much abused Sovereign 
 Grand Consistory and Supreme Council established by the 
 " Peddling Jeweller, Joseph Cerneau." K the history herewith 
 submitted shall have the effect of enlightening those who are 
 in darkness, concerning the regularity of the Council, or of 
 removing the prejudices of those who have, hitherto, conscien- 
 tiously believed that the " Cerneau Cmincil " was in the wrong, 
 the desire of the writer will be gained. He is perfectly willing 
 to leave the matter there. 
 
CHAPTER SECOND. 
 
 OEIGIN AND PROGRESS OF THE RITE OF PERBBOTION, 
 
 The doctrine of " Derivation " advocated as the basis of all " legal Masonic 
 bodies " — Formation of the Grand Lodge of France " — Introduction of new 
 degrees into the system of Masonry— Council of the Emperors of the East 
 an4 West — "Lacorne Grand Lodge '' — Rite of Perfection — The Council in 
 
 . which it is practiced, unites with the Grand Lodge of France— Union of 
 the Grand Lodge of France with the Grand Orient — Grand Chapter Gen- 
 eral of France unites with the Grand Orient — Nature of the Grand Orient 
 of France — " Tablet," showing the progress of the Rite — 17C1 — SiEtHSN 
 MoRiN — His Patent, or Power— Controversy between the Grand Orient 
 and the Supreme Council of France concerning the rights of the Grand 
 Orient — St. Domingo — Stephen Morin's Patent annulled in 1766 — ^Estab- 
 lishment of the Supreme Council of Charleston, May 31st, 1801 — They 
 adopt a " new rite," and issue a Circular in 1802. 
 
 In order to arrive at a proper understanding, and to form 
 just conclusions upon the subjects which are intended to be set 
 forth in this history, it is highly necessary to know from whence 
 these degrees are derived, as well as the manner in which they 
 have come to us. 
 
 All known Masonic bodies which are, in reality, regularly 
 constituted, derive their power for the performance of Masonic 
 work, the conferring of degrees, &c., from a regular head. In 
 the case of Symbolic Lodges, the power in the present day is 
 derived from a Grand Lodge. The same rule is observed in 
 the case of Royal Arch Chapters and Encampments of Knights 
 Templar. Although the bodies working under the Ancient 
 and Accepted Rite are looked upon in this country as irregular, 
 yet they are not so esteemed in many other parts of the globe. 
 The same care and caution which is manifested here concerning 
 the Lodges, Chapters and Encampments under the English or 
 York Rite, are manifested abroad in regard to the correctness 
 and purity of the subordinate bodies under the Ancient and 
 Accepted Rite. They have a regularly organized and acknow- 
 ledged head, from which they derive their power and are con- 
 
22 KITE OP PERFECTION. 
 
 stantly under inspection, quite as rigid as is to be found here. 
 And it is proper to remark that, while the York Rite and the 
 York formula are only exclusive, or the acknowledged and 
 established system of Great Britain and the United States, the 
 Ancient and Accepted Rite is acknowledged, and prevails in 
 France, Switzerland, and many other States on the Continent, 
 as well as the Islands and South America. And while we can 
 easily and correctly trace the origin and the head of the York 
 Rite to Great Britain, from whence all true Masonic power in 
 that rite is, directly or indirectly, derived, so can we, with equal 
 ease and certainty, trace to France, and to France alone, the 
 origin of the so-named Ancient and Accepted Rite, and prove 
 her to be the sole and true depository for power, &c., at the 
 present day. And this is the first point which will be attempted 
 in this history. 
 
 I shall commence by giving an extract from a report made 
 to the Chamber of Council and Appeals of the Grand Orient, 
 by its Orator, in 1853, which embraces this point fully. It is 
 there stated as follows : 
 
 " In the year 1700 of the Christian Bra, Masonry, in any of its rites or 
 degrees, was neither known or practiced in Prance. The first Lodge known 
 there was constituted in 1725, by the Grand Lodge of England, in the York 
 Rite. There was subsequently a Grand Lodge formed there, and which bore 
 the title of the ' English Grand Lodge of Prance,' until the year 1756 ; but 
 in the course of this year, it took the title of ' Grand Loge du Rotaume,' or 
 Grand Lodge of the Kingdom. Up to this period of time, Masonry practiced 
 but three degrees, viz., the Apprentice, the Companion, and the Master, and 
 were called Symbolic." 
 
 Thory, Acta Lat., page 88, says : 
 
 ■' The Count of Clermont was elected Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of 
 France when it was the English Grand Lodge, holding and working under a 
 charter from the Cfrand Lodge of England. It was exclusively a Symbolic 
 Grand Lodge. Under that charter, and by that name, it worked from 1743 
 to 1756. Then it declared itself independent, as the Grand Lodge of Prance." 
 
 "It was about this time that the Ineffable degrees were introduced into 
 Masonry. They were not practiced by the Grand Lodge, but by an authority 
 named the Sovereign or Supreme Council of the Emperors of the East and 
 West, and had no more than twenty-five degrees, counting from the First, 
 or Apprentice's degree ; and the Twenty-fifth, or last, was termed ' Sublimo 
 Prince of the Royal Secret.' " [See Nomenclature, Appendix, Doc. 1.] 
 
SCOTTISH RITE, ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED. 23 
 
 " This ancient Council had its chamber in the old Grand Lodge of France, 
 and both the Grand Lodge and the Council were under the direction of the 
 same Grand Master, Count de Clermont, Prince of the Royal Blood, and also 
 of the same representative or Substitute of the Grand Master, Challon de 
 JomvUle. This Council of the Emperors of the East and West was formed 
 in 1754, by the Chevalier de Bonnville, from the ruins of the ' Chapter of 
 Clermont.' " 
 
 This position, however, is denied by some of the authors who 
 have written upon the subject. Besuchet, Precis Historique de 
 la Franc Ma9., vol 1, page 33, says : 
 
 " In 1744 the Count of Clermont left the Lodges to take care of themselves, 
 and appointed, first, Baure, a banker, and afterwards Lacorne, a dancing 
 master, his special deputy, thus putting the whole Order in his hands. Disor- 
 ders of every kind invaded Masonry : charters became merchandize ; new 
 degrees swarmed like flies ; restaurateurs bought masterships for life, and every- 
 body sold degrees. The followers of Charles Edward Stuart, the son of the 
 Pretender, opened Lodges without authority, and he himself chartered a Chap- 
 ter of Rose Croix at Arras, in 1747. The Charter is given in full in le Globe, 
 vol. 4, page 84 ; and by Eagon, page 121 ; Clavel, page 167, who says that 
 this was the first Chapter, or centre of administration of the high degrees, in 
 France, and that the second was established by a travelling Scotchman, at 
 Marseilles, in 1751. In 1761 Lacorne, the dancing master, special deputy of 
 the Grand Master, and as such, real head of the Order, enraged because the 
 Grand Lodge refused to recognize him, and its members to sit with him, estab- 
 iisfied a new Ch'and Lodge. Both Grand Lodges granted charters, and the 
 Council of the Epiperors of the East and West constituted at Paris, and 
 throughout France, Lodges and Chapters. The old Grand Lodge denounced 
 the 'factum Lacorne,' which, nevertheless, continued to thrive." — Leveque, 
 Thory, Klos, and others. [See Appendage to Document I.J 
 
 By these authors it would appear that the Council of Empe- 
 rors of the Bast and West, instead of having its Chamber in 
 the old Grand Lodge, had constituted a Grand Lodge of its 
 own, which was a rival body to the old or genuine Grand 
 Lodge. But be this as it may, it will not alter the fact of the 
 existence of the Council at that date, governed by the Count 
 of Clermont, according to its documents. But we proceed 
 with the report : 
 
 " In 1766, the Council of the Emperors of the East and West had branched 
 itself off, in order to form a Council of ' Knights of the East.' These two 
 authorities soon after became extinct, with the exception of such part of them 
 as united with the M. W. Grand Lodge of France. In 1772, the Council of 
 
24 RITE OF PERFECTION. 
 
 the Emperors of the East and West, united itself with the Grand Lodge of 
 France (in which body it had always before its chamber), and they became one 
 body, — controlling the Kite of Perfection from the First to the Twenty-fifth 
 degree. [Document No. 2, Appendix.] 
 
 " By a perusal of these documents, it will be clearly seen that all legislative 
 power and authority over all the Masonic degrees then known and practiced in 
 France, and the fulness of all Masonic knowledge, centred in the Grand Lodge 
 of France ; and that there was no other head or central point, known or acknow- 
 ledged, from which power could be derived, viz., 1772. 
 
 " This Grand Lodge of Prance, in its turn, united with the Grand Orient 
 of France by treaty, in 1786, and also renewed in 1799, relinquishing all its 
 power to that body. And from the broken remains of the ancient Council of 
 the Emperors of the East and West, and of the Council of Knights of the 
 East, there arose in 1784, with the assistance of many brethren of those high 
 degrees and officers of the Grand Lodge of France, a ' Grand Chapter General ' 
 of France, which, in its turn, became united with the Grand Orient of France 
 by treaty of 27th February, 1786." f-^ppendix, Doc. No. 3,] 
 
 By the author just quoted, it will be seen that the Council 
 of the Emperors of the East and West was formed in 1754, by 
 the Chevalier de Bonneville, from the ruins of the Chapter of 
 Clermont. How long that Chapter had its existence previous 
 to the year 1754, the record does not state, nor is it a matter 
 of much consequence, as the object is, to trace the progress of 
 the Exalted degrees to this country, and the peculiar circum- 
 stances attending them. But it is very evident that the Chap- 
 ter of Clermont could not have been in existence before 1745 
 and perhaps not so early as that by five years, inasmuch as the 
 Royal Arch degree made its first appearance in the world about 
 
 that time, and the one is a perfect counterpart of the other * 
 
 altered, of course, to suit the occasion. Moreover, we have 
 the direct assertion from the Grand Lodge herself, based upon 
 her records — " That Masonry was altogether unknown in 
 France, in any of its degrees or rites, in the year 1700 • that 
 the first Lodge was formed in 1725, and, up to 1756, practiced 
 but three degrees, which were called Symbolic, and that it was 
 about this time that the Ineffable degrees were introduced into 
 Masonry." 
 
 There are those who believe that Kilwinning, in Scotland 
 
 • Ooanting the Thirteenth and Fourteenth degrees, Rite of Perfection. 
 
SCOTTISH RITE, ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED. 25 
 
 was the original source from whence these degrees came ; bjit 
 if we are to believe the records of history, it would appear 
 that, in the Eighteenth Century, as late as 1740, it is expressly 
 stated by Masonic authors, that nothing was acknowledged for 
 genuine Masonry, either in Scotland or England, but the threq 
 degrees. " That some years after this (between 1750 and 
 1760), when the new degrees were imported from France, no 
 man could pretend that he understood the true meaning of 
 their origin, history, &c., and that all saw that the interpreta- 
 tion of their hieroglyphics and the rituals of these new degrees 
 were quite gratuitous." That on the arrival of deputations in 
 London, whose object it was to inquire there concerning these 
 new degrees, they received the reply, that they knew nothing 
 about them. Disappointed and chagrined, they turned their 
 faces toward Scotland, and at Aberdeen they found the Free 
 Masons quite as ignorant as those in London, and were referred 
 back to London for further information. 
 
 But in 1802 this point was settled by an official communica- 
 tion made by the Grand Lodge of Scotland, and entered on 
 her minutes as follows : 
 
 " 1802. — This year a circular letter was received from a body styling itself 
 ' the Supreme Grand Council of America.' The spirit of the lUuminati which 
 it breathed, and the supernumerary degrees, amounting to about fifty, which it 
 authorised, were sufficient reasons for drawing down the contempt of Scottish 
 Masons, whose honor it is to have preserved Masonry for many centuries in ita 
 original and simple form, and whose pride it shall ever be, to transmit to the 
 latest posterity, the principles and ceremonies of their Order unpolluted and 
 unimpaired." See Lawrie's History of Free Masonry: Dublin edition, 1808. 
 
 The allusion made here by the Grand Lodge of Scotland to 
 a circular letter, is the celebrated document published by the 
 Supreme Council of Charleston, South Carolina, which will 
 be produced in its proper place. It was largely circulated, 
 and has served the various bodies as authority for many of the 
 monstrous doctrines which prevail. [Doc. No. 7.] 
 
 Perhaps a word here in explanation, concerning the Grand 
 Orient of France, may be acceptable, as there may be some 
 who do not rightly understand how the body is constituted. 
 They suppose it to be a working body in the way of conferring 
 degrees, &c. — the highest body in Masonry known in France, 
 
26 EtTB OF PERFECTION. 
 
 and a body -within itself, exclusive of any other. The reverse, 
 however, in some respects, is the case. 
 
 The meaning of the word Orient is Bast, and in Masonry 
 simply denotes, the place of power. Thus, a Grand Lodge is 
 called a Grand East of all subordinate Lodges within a State. 
 The same remark will apply to Grand Chapters and Encamp- 
 ments ; they are Grand Orients or Easts for their several sub- 
 ordinate bodies. But the Grand Orient of Prance is somewhat 
 different, inasmuch as it is the centre of all Masonic power, of 
 whatever kind, because it is formed by Lodges of all rites, by 
 Chapters, by Colleges, &c., and, in fact, has gathered together 
 and embraces within itself all the Masonic rites of France. 
 This point, of course, is disputed by her opposers, but we shall 
 have occasion to refer to it again in its proper place. 
 
 With the exception of having a Supreme Council of the 
 Thirty-third degree within itself, it is not a body conferring 
 degrees ; but in the same sense that the Grand Lodge is the 
 controlling and governing power of all subordinate Lodges 
 under her jurisdiction, so precisely is the Grand Orient or Bast 
 of France the controlling and governing power of all subordi- 
 nate Masonic bodies, of whatever kind, in Prance. Hence she 
 has her " Chamber of Rites," to which all applications for war- 
 rants are referred, whether York, Scottish, Philosophic, French 
 or Modern ; her Chamber of Council and Appeal, Legislative 
 Chamber, Chamber of Reception, Finance, Officers of State, 
 &c., &c., and is in fact " the Government." Neither the Grand 
 Lodge of France, or the Council of the Emperors, or other 
 Masonic governments, grant any more charters in their respect- 
 ive names, but all are derived from the Grand Orient — they 
 stand in her name and are under her control. There is, how- 
 ever, at this time, and has been from the year 1804, a Supreme 
 Council of the Thirty-third, Ancient and Accepted Scottish 
 Eite, in Paris, which is also an Bast, and is tolerated by the 
 Grand Orient. They move on in harmony together. This 
 Supreme Council, together with the outlines of its controversy 
 with the Grand Orient, will be noticed in its proper place. 
 
 And now to resume the history. The record goes on to 
 state : 
 
AD. 1700 Misonry totally unkiowTL m France. 
 
 Tir.it Lodge 
 
 at Taris 
 
 1725 
 
 Chapter of 
 Clermont' 
 dboutJTS^' 
 
 CrrandZodge' 
 Frafi'Cex 
 
 \Emif^^ofihe 
 \EastSi li^sU 
 
 1756 
 
 i Cy.Tj. of they 
 
 I Kinqdfinu. 
 
 1756 
 
 [Fnuiiccdy^ 
 )3Jymioli£y 
 \ degrees only . 
 
 \Jlid£rb>oTtto evmpe^mM 
 J oppose, the- Grand 
 IgC' cfth&JStic/dvm. 
 
 
 "^Be. 
 
 lEtnperors 
 ofthey 
 
 Union/ 
 
 Sublime Scot^f I' 
 Mothef^Lvdtie^ 
 
 1780. 
 
 iZiDe^eescf 
 T^rfecticn'* 
 
 (kneral Grand 
 Cfuipter of 
 
 Frances 
 1764^ 
 
 Urand Orie^n^ of France. 
 1366 &• 1799 
 
 . lit the . Jlasp/iic heads \ 
 of Ecuft^ of France-unite \ yot aclcnarlid^edbi' 
 ^Fornt tFeGr Orient. itht'dXlhuCttiknitid. 
 ufiieF JWW controls all \ Continues ittatiste^tce 
 rites of u'/uUeyerMnd. MtheprcMntti:?ne. 
 
 Plate 1. face page 27. 
 
 Siip..CouHclL33 
 
 Jnc..ScAc<:,.S. FL.- 
 1804' & 1811. 
 
SCOTTISH KITE/ ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED. 27 
 
 " In consequence of these acts, the Grand Orient of Prance has thus gath- 
 ered in its hands all the powers of these several authorities. It has thus become 
 the sole legitimate possessor, and the mediate successor to the founders of the 
 Rite of Perfection, of the Consistory of the Princes of the Royal Secret, and of 
 all the Scottish System, Ancient and Accepted, which was practiced, not only in 
 the Councils of the Emperors of the East and West, but also in the Scottish 
 Consistories of Bordeaux, known under the title of Sublime Scotch Mother 
 Lodge. Added to these, the Grand Orient controls the Ancient and Accepted 
 Scottish Rite. This position she claims to occupy at the present day." 
 
 Ragon, Orthodox Ma§., says : 
 
 •' 1786 — February 27th. — The Grand Chapter General of Prance united 
 with the Grand Orient of France by treaty, by which it will be perceived that 
 the Grand Orient has thus gathered in its hands, all the powers of these several 
 authorities, and has thus become the sole possessor, and the mediate successor, 
 to the founders of the Rite of Perfection, of the Consistory of Princes of the 
 Royal Secret, and of all the Scottish System, Ancient and Accepted, which 
 was practiced, not only in the Council of the Emperors of the East and West, 
 but also in the Scotch Consistory of Bordeaux, known under the title of Sub- 
 lime Scotch Mother Lodge." 
 
 Accompanying this statement, the author has prepared a 
 tablet, which will give at a glance the commencement and 
 progress of this rite in France, up to the year 1800, and with- 
 out which the mind would naturally become confused, as the 
 subject is somewhat intricate at first sight. As a reason for 
 being thus particular here, he would state that, he wishes to 
 show the commencement and the regular succession of Masonic 
 power in France — that, what the Grand Lodge of France was 
 in 1761, containing the Council of the Emperors of the East 
 and West in her bosom, and thus was the Grand East of all 
 rites, so is the Grand Orient now, having gathered together 
 and consolidated all those rites in herself, and so continues to 
 be the sole East at the present day. [See Plate.] 
 
 We will now proceed with the report : 
 
 " The Ancient and Accepted Rite is nothing else than a modification of the 
 ' Rite of Perfection, which was practiced in the ancient Councils of the Emper- 
 ors of the East and West, in the bosom of the Grand Lodge of France. It 
 had then but twenty-five degrees, and was given to the Jew, Stephen Morin, 
 previous to his leaving Prance for St. Domingo, in 1761. We attach herewith, 
 a full and perfect copy of the Patent and power given to him, together with a 
 correct list of the degrees. And it will be found that the title of ' Grand 
 
28 RITE OF PERFECTION. 
 
 InspecUrr ' is given to him in liis Patent ; but it sliould be remembered, that this 
 title is not a 'Masonic degree' (as has been vainly supposed by many), but a 
 function or title alone, and is still bestowed at this day on brethren commJB- 
 sioned to examine the work of Lodges, in order to report upon their regularity 
 and propriety." [See Appendix, Doc. No. 4.] 
 
 There is also given a copy from Ragon. As some have felt 
 inclined to dispute about the wording of the Patents, they are 
 given, that the reader may judge for himself. The substance 
 and signatures are the same in all. 
 
 The opponents of the Grand Orient, reason about Morin's 
 Patent in the following manner. They say : 
 
 " The Count of Clermont was elected Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of 
 France when it was the English Grand Lodge, holding and working from a 
 charter under the Grand Lodge of England. It was exclusively a Symbolic 
 Grand Lodge. Under that charter, and by that name, it worked from 1743 
 to 1756. Then it declared itself independent, as the Grand Lodge of France. 
 When it first received its charter from England, it adopted regulations which 
 denounced and disowned all the Scottish degrees. It did not change the regu- 
 lations when it became independent. WJien the Grand Lodge of Lacorne was 
 vnited with it, it seems for a time to have admitted the superiority of the Scottish 
 degrees, and administered or worked them ; but in 1766, on the 2d of October, 
 it refused to establish chambers of those degrees within itself." — Thory. 1 Acta 
 Lat., page 88. 
 
 They continue : 
 
 " The simple truth is, that it was always a Symbolic Grand Lodge ; and the 
 Count of Clermont was Grand Master of the regular Blue Lodges and Sym- 
 bolic Masons of Prance only. He may also have been at the head of the Council 
 of the Emperors of the East and Wrat, or the Grand Council ; but that was 
 certainly only a nominal dignity, and, at any rate, it was not a part of his 
 prerogative as Grand Master." 
 
 The Grand Orient claims all that is denied in the above, 
 viz. — The union of the Council of the Emperors with herself ; 
 then the Grand Lodge ; the administration and working of 
 the degrees, and the authority of the Count of Clermont's 
 power, in precisely the same way as Prince Murat is now the 
 head of all Masonry in France. 
 
 They continue : 
 
 " All the different powers that granted letters of Constitution for bodies to 
 work in the Scottish degrera, were perfectly independent of the Grand Lodge. 
 In 1766, it undertook to suppress them, but did not succeed. — Thory, Acta Lat. 
 
SCOTTISH RITE, ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED. 29 
 
 p. 87. The Count of Clermont could only be Grand Master to snch degrees 
 as he had regularly received. The Grand Lodge was composed of Representa- 
 tives of Blue Lodges. Some of them had the high degrees and more had not. 
 Of course the body, as a body, had no jurisdiction over them or concern with 
 them. We do not know that the Count of Clermont had ever received any of 
 the Scottish degrees. There is not the least reason to suppose that if he had, 
 he had ever gone beyond those of the Rite of Perfection. Probably not one 
 man in France had received all, or even half of the degrees which everybody was 
 then manufacturing, and of course no one body could have jurisdiction over 
 all, nor any one Grand Master be at the head of them all. 
 
 " The Patent of Stephen Morin emanated, therefore, from the Council of 
 the Emperors of the East and West. Two questions, however, will naturally 
 arise. First. How could that Council be under the protection of the Grand 
 Lodge of France, when we know that the latter recognized and worked the 
 three Blue degrees only, and that the Council of the Emperors was acting in 
 competition with, and encroaching upon the rights of the Grand Lodge — Thory, 
 1 Acta Lat., p. 78. Second. How could the name and seal of the Grand 
 Master and Grand Lodge of the Symbolic degrees be used iu a Patent, the 
 object of which was to authorize Morin to propagate the Rite of Perfection, — 
 a rite not recognized by the Grand Lodge ? 
 
 " Our answer to these questions would be — That Lacome, the private deputy 
 of the Grand Master — who cared but very little, if any, for Masonic affairs — 
 took upon himself, and without any authority whatever, to use the name and 
 seal of the Count of Clermont and of a Grand Lodge that was in opposition 
 to the genuine Grand Lodge. A proof, however, that in 1761 the Council of 
 the Emperors was not united with the two Grand Lodges, or either of them, 
 is, that it was merged eleven years afterwards, viz., 1772, into the Grand Orient 
 by a concordat." — 1 Precis Hist., p. 41 ; and Report of Leblanc de Marconnay, 
 p. 12 : English Translation. 
 
 The Grand Orient and the Supreme Council have been at 
 variance about this matter for long years. Perhaps the mat- 
 ter will clear up itself to the reader as we progress. 
 
 With this power in his possession, in 1761, Stephen Morin 
 set sail for St. Domingo, where he remained for some years, 
 during which time he commenced the propagation of his Ma- 
 sonic work in the Rite of Perfection — consisting of Twenty 
 five degrees. But in his career there he gave so much dissalSs- 
 faction, and propagated such strange and monstrous doctrines, 
 coupled with bad faith and unmasonic conduct, that the Grand 
 Lodge of France annulled his Patent, took from him the pow- 
 er, and appointed another Inspector in his place, [See Doou- 
 
30 ETTB OP PEEPBCTION. 
 
 ments Nos. 5 and 6 ; also, Ragon's view of the ilte in its pro- 
 gress.] 
 
 The document annulling the patent of Morin, and supersed- 
 ing him by the appointment of another inspector — Martin, has 
 been disputed. Some have gone so far as to say, that it was a 
 false document, because none of the names afi&xed to it in 1766 
 are found in 1761. But Ragon makes mention of the "fact," 
 and the author of the Report from which it is copied, assumes 
 to have copied it from the Archives of the body, in Paris. It 
 is given as a part of the history, without attatching any spe- 
 cial importance to the document itself. 
 
 Let us now examine the powers conferred upon Stephen 
 Morin. 
 
 He is empowered to form and establish a Lodge, for the pur- 
 pose of receiving and multiplying the Royal Order in all the 
 Perfect and Sublime Degrees. What those degrees are, how 
 many, &c., will be found inscribed on the Patent. They are 
 Twenty-five in number, and are called the "Rite of Perfection." 
 
 He is to take due care that the General and Particular 
 Statutes and Regulations of the Grand and Sovereign Lodge 
 be kept and observed. These Statutes, both General and Par- 
 ticular, have been known from the commencement, and have 
 been, at different times, published far and wide. They are 
 not Secret, and the Grand Orient declares, that there are not 
 now known, nor has there ever at any time been known, any 
 such Statutes as Secret Constitutions. They are the same 
 which govern all regularly constituted bodies of this kind. 
 A compliance with them regularizes the body with the parent 
 body, and with all other bodies of the like kind, on the habi- 
 table globe. A departure from them, makes the trespassing 
 body irregular, and illegal, wherever it may be located. The 
 crime of treating these Statutes with contempt, and of invent- 
 ing other Statutes of the most absurd kind, together with 
 the so-called " Secret Constitutions," was laid to the charge of 
 Stephen Morin and his associates. 
 
 He is to govern properly the Lodge which he creates, under 
 the title of " Lodge of St. John," and by surname " Perfect 
 Harmony.'' 
 
SCOTTISH RITE, ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED. 31 
 
 He is to select such officers for the Lodge as he sees fit, or 
 thinks proper. 
 
 He is to be recognized by all Masters of regular Lodges 
 wherever he may go, as " Worshipful Master of Perfect Har- 
 mony Lodge." 
 
 He is authorized as Grand Inspector, to enforce the observ- 
 ance of the Laws of the Order, and thus establish Perfect 
 and Sublime Masonry in every part of the world. 
 
 He is authorized to make Inspectors wherever the Sublime 
 Degrees have not been established, (doubtless for the purpose 
 of forming a Lodge like his own, and establishing the Degrees 
 in regular form.) 
 
 These are the powers conferred. We do not .find in the 
 Patent, anything concerning the following powers he assumes, 
 and for which, it has been said, he was recalled. 
 
 He was not appointed Grand Inspector for life. If this had 
 been the case they could not have taken his power from him. 
 
 He was not empowered to make any other person an Inspect- 
 or for life. No mention is made of either of these things in 
 the Patent, and the Grand Orient explicitly states that it is 
 perfectly foolish to suppose, or assert, that either the General, 
 or Particular Statutes governing the Order, gave this power. 
 
 He was not empowered to confer any Degrees, except those 
 contained in the Rite of Perfection. These, as has been 
 stated, are Twenty-five in number, and continued so until 1804, 
 in Prance. But he did pretend to confer a great number of 
 other Degrees, and by so doing brought himself into con- 
 tempt. 
 
 Further — ^it must be perfectly plain, that (if the document 
 of his recall and the annulling of his Patent be true, and 
 there is no reason to doubt its authenticity), all the powers 
 which Stephen Morin possessed by the Patent, (and they are 
 fully defined) lasted until 1766, and were legal. Subsequent to 
 that date, he had no power whatever. Yet he not only as- 
 sumed those powers, but took to himself many others, the re- 
 sults of which the sequel will show. The document already 
 quoted thus speaks : 
 
§2 KITE OF PERFECTION. 
 
 " When Stephen Morin imported the Eite of Perfection, or Ms so termed 
 ' Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite,' he somewhat attempted to disguise its 
 origin, and to give it more importance than it really had. He consequently 
 fathered the merits of the modification upon an absolute monarch, and extem- 
 porized the law, which he arranged altogether to suit his own purposes. This 
 bad use of the power given to Stephen Morin, caused the Grand Lodge of 
 France to recall him in 1766." [Document Iso. 3.] 
 
 Ragon, Orthodox Mag., page 297, thus speaks : 
 
 " Stephen Morin, on his arrival in St. Domingo, commenced the propagation 
 of his Masonic work in the Rite of Perfection, consisting of twenty-five degrees. 
 He also created Inspectors, which titles did not designate the arbitrary powers 
 and prerogatives that some silly wiiters have supposed, but merely the powers of 
 constituting Lodges. He also, notwithstanding the annulling of his Patents, 
 and his recall in 1766, went on constituting Chapters and Councils' in different 
 parts of America. Between 1776 and 1782, the revolution progressed in the 
 island, and the Rite of Perfection slumbered. But in 1783 it awakes with 
 more degrees." 
 
 Eagon is evidently in error concerning the year. It was 
 not until 1801, that the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite 
 ■was officially made known, as possessing thirty-three degrees. 
 
 Aside from allusions like the above concerning Stephen 
 Morin, history is silent. We nowhere find any details con- 
 cerning his travels, nor is it known positively, at what time 
 he was in America, or whether he was here at any time. In 
 fact, between the time of his leaving France in 1761 to the 
 year 1802, we have but one definite allusion to his being in 
 any other place than St. Domingo. That allusion is found in 
 Ragon, who states, that in 1769 Morin was in Kingston, Ja- 
 maica, where he had established a Lodge, or rather the Rite of 
 Perfection. He then changed the name of the Kadosh de- 
 gree, to that of the Knight of the Black and White Eagle. 
 Therefore we are left to conjecture in this matter, and inas- 
 much as Ragon has before said, that "between the years 1776 
 and 1782 the revolution progressed in the Island, and the 
 Rite of Perfection slumbered ; but awakes again in 1783 in a 
 new dress there," we may justly conclude, that Morin was 
 chiefly in St. Domingo and the parts adjacent. This conclu- 
 sion will be the more rational when wc remember the troub- 
 lous times in our land from 1773 to '81, when communication 
 
SCOTTISH KITE, ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED. 33 
 
 with distant parts by sea was precarious, on account of cruis- 
 ers, the war of our own revolution being then in progress, and * 
 the small probability there was, tliat the attention of men 
 would be directed greatly to Masonic matters. While at the 
 same time, after 1781, the probability is that the intercourse 
 was more frequent, and unaccompanied with danger, and nu- 
 merous facilities were enjoyed for carrying out such plans as 
 Morin entertained. 
 
 From the testimony of JVicholas G. Boss, given under oath 
 before the Committee appointed by the Legislature of Rhode 
 Island, to examine Masons, &c., we learn the following : 
 
 " In 1761, the G-rand Consistory convened at Paris, when authority was 
 given to Stephen Morin, to found and establish the higher degrees in the New 
 World. He resided in the West Indies. 
 
 '• In 1763, Moses Michael Hays arrived in this country, with authority from 
 Morin to establish them, — he being appointed Deputy Grand Inspector 
 General. 
 
 " About 1780, Mr. Hays visited or resided in Newport, Rhode Island, and 
 conferred the degrees on several persons who, at that time, were Master Masons. 
 Among others on Peleg Clark and Moses Seixas, in 1781. His power, as 
 Deputy Inspector General, was, to confer all the degrees after Master Mason, 
 unless in a place where previously established. 
 
 " In 1793, Peleg Clark, Moses Seixas, Thomas W. Moore and Mr. Stearnes, 
 being Eoyal Arch Masons, met at Providence, to assist the Royal Arch 
 Masons there to found a Chapter, which they did, under the name of ' the 
 Providence Chapter of Royal Arch Masojis,' having a dispensation from the 
 nearest Chapter, ^Washington Chapter,' New York, dated 3d September, 
 1793.'" 
 
 " The Grand Chapter of Rhode Island was formed in 1798, and by 1802 
 had granted warrants to two Chapters in Rhode Island." — Report of Rhode 
 Island Committee, 1832, page 132. 
 
 Be this as it may, we can only arrive at any certainty from 
 authors on the following points, viz. : That when Stephen 
 Morin left France, he took with hini the Rite of Perfection, 
 consisting of twenty-five degrees and no more, that he arrived 
 at St. Domingo intending to travel over the vast continent of 
 America, that in St. Domingo he practiced the Rite of Perfec- 
 tion according to the power given him, and also vended to 
 passing travellers and adventurers, the degrees which he re- 
 ceived. He also made Inspectors. Ragon states distinctly, 
 
34 KITE OF PERFEOa'ION. 
 
 "The Council of the Emperors never imagined for a momeni 
 ■ that such an audacious Jew and Juggler as he was, would take 
 possession of the rite, to make a profit out of it, they never 
 dreamed that he would make it an article of traffic, and not 
 only so, but that he would re-model the degrees, make new 
 ones, &c." That up to 1766, a period of five years he enjoyed 
 this power uninterruptedly, manufacturing many new degrees 
 out of the raw material, uttered many strange doctrines^ and 
 performed many curious things, at the end of which time hia 
 conduct had become so infamous, Masonically, in the eyes of 
 those who gave him the power, that they recalled him and put 
 another in his place. Nothing daunted by this reverse, he still 
 goes on with his work. Three years afterward we hear of liim 
 at Kingston, Jamaica, as much interested as ever, that shortly 
 after this the Revolution broke out in St. Domingo, and went 
 on for nine years, during which the rite slept, but awoke again 
 at the end of that time in an entire new form, and with a new 
 dress, after which it turns up at Charleston. South Carolina,, 
 say the next year in a Lodge of Perfection, and subsequently 
 in 1801, as a Supreme Grand Council of the Thirty-third de- 
 gree, Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite. 
 
 History is silent upon what follows in Morin's course until 
 1802, when a document was issued by a Supreme Council in 
 Charleston, South Carolina, in that year assuming to descend 
 from, and to succeed Stephen Morin, and to have organized it- 
 self May 31st, 1801. This document takes up the thread in 
 Morin's history, which appeared to be lost, accounting for the 
 manner in which the Exalted degrees found their way into 
 this country. It has also become the foundation for Masonic 
 writers, and a hand-book for all Supreme Councils of the 
 present day, as it regards history, doctrines, traditions, &c. 
 
 It is one of the most remarkable papers to be met with, on 
 account of the bare face impositions and falsehoods which it 
 contains and the doctrines which it inculcates. By its perusal 
 we first get a history of Masonry from the primitive ages and 
 a perfect epitome of the events which occurred before historj 
 was written by the hands of men. By it we learn the pretend 
 ed fact, that the Ineffable degrees of their body, irrespective of 
 
SCOTTISH RITE, ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED. 35 
 
 Revelation, have been the depository of the Sacred name, lost 
 to all other Societies of men. By it we are told that a Mas- 
 ter of a Blue Lodge is not capable of presiding over his own 
 body without an accurate knowledge of, and an acquaintance 
 with, the Jewish Talmud, and the Hebrew language. In this 
 notable paper is mentioned for the first time in all masonic 
 history, as connected with these degrees, the name of Fred- 
 erick of Prussia, as well as other notables connected with the 
 Ineffable degrees, and the " Masonic Congress," of 1786, l;av- 
 ing its East at Paris and " Berlin." And we here first learn 
 the nature of the powers given to all Inspectors, as " Sove- 
 reigns in Masonry." And to sum up in a few words, by it we 
 learn of the institution of an entire new rite in 1801, displac- 
 ing and superseding all known rites which have preceded it, 
 and denouncing as Spurious all who presume to gainsay any 
 thing they utter. 
 
 It would be proper to state here in direct terms, that no Ma- 
 sonic author has ever made mention of those things set forth 
 in this document, anterior to the year 1802. And subsequent 
 to that date, many, among the number of whom may be men- 
 tioned Dr. Oliver, have quoted this paper as authority. As a 
 general thing, however, the majority of Masonic authors now 
 openly contradict most of its pretensions. Even the records 
 of the Council at Charleston, made during the years 1796, 
 1797 and 1798, by De Grasse and de la Hogue set forth clear- 
 ly, many of its fabrications. 
 
 The authorship, as far as writing is concerned, has been at- 
 tributed to Dr. Dalcho, and there is little doubt that when he 
 wrote it and put it forth to the world, he candidly believed 
 much that it contained. But it is pleasing to be able to state, 
 that at a later period of his life, he became another man in 
 feeling, and publicly renounced the whole matter, taking 
 every proper occasion to undo, if possible, the act which had 
 misled so many, and was productive of so much evil. 
 
 The document is given in full in the Appendix, to which the 
 reader is especially referred, before commencing the next 
 chapter. [See Appendix, Doc. No. 7.] 
 
CHAPTER THIRD. 
 
 THE "EITE OF PEEPEOTION" RECEIVES A NEW NAME, 
 VIZ., "ANCIENT AND ACCEPTJilD." 
 
 Progress of Morin. — Appointments made by him and his successors — John 
 Mitchell and Predeeick Dalcho. — The Thirty-third degree — how manu- 
 factured. — New degrees added on — Commencement of the ■■ Akcient and 
 Accepted Scottish Eite." — Eeview of the Charleston document of 1802. 
 — A schedule of all the Rites known, with the dates of their origin, &c. — • 
 " Tablet " exhibiting their origin, progress, and termination. — Opinions of 
 Authors concerning the Ancient and Accepted Eite. — Its false pretensions 
 
 to antiquity exposed Its blasphemy noticed — Frederick of Prussia — The 
 
 " Veka Instituta Secreta," or the Secret Constitutions. — Eecapitulation 
 of the claims set up by this document, and their falsity exposed. 
 
 We have seen how Morin came by his Patent from the 
 Council of the Emperors of the East and West, the number of 
 degrees which that Patent gave him power to confer, together 
 with the name by which they should be called, viz : the Rite of 
 Perfection, or of Heredom. We have followed him in his 
 travels to St. Domingo, and we further learn from the authors 
 that Morin did not pretend to propagate any other Masonry 
 than that of Perfection in twenty-five degrees, that in 1769 
 Morin was at Kingston, Jamaica, where he changed the name 
 of the degree of Kadosh, to that of the Knight of the White 
 and Black Eagle, having before established the Rite of Perfec- 
 tion there. Also up to the year 1801, no trace is to be found 
 in America, including the West Indies, of any higher degree 
 than the Twenty-fifth, that being " Sublime Prince of the 
 Royal Secret," and its Inspectors denominated '■ Deputy Inspec- 
 tors General." This is all the information we can glean from 
 history until we alight upon this piece of paper, or as the 
 French Mason would style it '' this piece of Architecture" ioT 
 such it most truly may be called. It assumes to take up the 
 history where authors have left off, and says— 
 
EITE OP PERFECTION. 37 
 
 " Immediately on his arrival in St. Domingo, Morin appointed a ' Deputy 
 Inspector General' for North America. This high honor was conferred on 
 M. M. Hays (a Jew), 'with power of appointing others where necessary.'" 
 
 Now this is contradicted by the Register of Aveilhe, which 
 was made out iu 1797, and that of De la Hogue in 1798 and 
 1799, now deposited in the archives of the Supreme Council 
 at Charleston. The Register of De la Hogue contains as its 
 first entry, the filiation of the powers of the Bro. Morin as 
 Inspector General. It states that he gave the degree of Grand 
 Deputy Inspector to Bro. Frankin at Jamaica, he, to Bro. M. 
 M. Hays, at Boston, Mass., he, to Bro. Spitzer, at Charleston, 
 South Carolina, all the Deputies Grand Inspectors (meaning 
 themselves) in Sublime Council at Philadelphia to Bro. Moses 
 Cohen, he to Bro. Hyman Isaac Long, and he at Charleston to 
 Bro. De la Hogue, de Grasse, Magnan, St. Paul, Robin, Petit 
 and Marie, to whom, on the 12th Nov. 1796 he gave a Chartci- 
 of Constitution establishing a Sublime Grand Council of 
 Princes of the Royal Secret at Charleston, South Carolina. 
 
 The Register of Aveilhe, as well as other documents, confirm 
 the above. The document goes on to state : 
 
 "Brother Morin also appointed Brother Frankin (a Jew) Deputy Inspector 
 General for Jamaica and the British Leward Islands, and Brother Colonel 
 Provost for the Windward Islands and the British Army. Brother Hays 
 appointed Isaac Da Costa (a Jew) Deputy Inspector General for the State 
 of South Carolina, who, in the year 1783, established the Sublime Grand Lodge 
 of Perfection in Charleston. After Brother Da Costa's death, Brother Joseph 
 Myers (a Jew) was appointed Deputy Inspector General for South Carolina 
 by Brother Hays ; who, also, had previously appointed Brother Solomon Bush 
 (a Jew) Deputy Inspector General for the State of Pennsylvania, and Brother 
 Barend M. Spitzer (a Jew) for the same rank in Georgia ; which was con- 
 firmed by a Convention of Inspectors (of course meaning themselves) in 1781, 
 in Philadelphia. 
 
 " On the 1st of May, 1786, the Grand Constitution of the Thirty-third 
 degree, called the Supreme Council of Sovereign Grand Inspectors General, 
 was finally ratified by His Majesty the King of Prussia, who, as Grand Com- 
 mander of the Order of Princes of the Eoyal Secret, possessed the Sovereign 
 Masonic power over all the Craft. In the new Constitution, this high power 
 was conferred on a Council of nine brethren in each nation, who possess all 
 the Masonic prerogatives in their own district that His Majesty individually 
 possessed, and are ' Sovereigns in Masonry.' " 
 
 " On the 20th February, 1788, the Grand Council of Princes of Jerusalem 
 
38 SCOTTISH RITE, ANCIENT AND ACCFPl'ED. 
 
 was opened in this city, at which were present Brother I. Myers, Depaty 
 Inspector General for Soath Carolina ; Brother Barend M. Spitzer, Deputy 
 Inspector General for Georgia; and Brother A. Forst (a Jew, also), Deputy 
 Inspector Gteneral for Virginia. 
 
 " On the 2d of August, 1795, Brother Colonel John Mitchell, late Quarter- 
 master General in the Army of the United States of America, was made a 
 Deputy Inspector General for this State by Brother Spitzer, who acted in 
 consequence of Brother Myers' removal out of the country. Brother Mitchell 
 was restricted from acting until after Brother Spitzer's death, which took 
 place in the succeeding year. As many brethren of the eminent degrees had 
 arrived from foreign parts, Consistories of Princes of the Royal Secret were 
 occasionally held for initiation and other purposes. 
 
 " On the 31st May, 18ul, the Supreme Council of the Thirty-third degree, 
 for the United States of America, was opened with the high honors of Masonry 
 by Brothers John Mitchell and Frederick Dalcho, Sovereign Grand Inspectors 
 General ; and, in the course of the present year, the whole number of Grand 
 Inspectors General was completed agreeable to the Grand Constitutions." 
 
 The examination of these points in the history -will be the 
 subject of this chapter, but before proceeding with it, we can 
 learn what some of the proceedings of Stephen Morin and his 
 coadjutors were. It would appear that he commenced after 
 Ms arrival at St. Domingo, the appointment of Deputy Inspec 
 tors General, and when the list was completed, as we find by 
 this important document, there were ten professed Jews out of 
 thirteen who were elevated to these high honors. These three 
 exceptions were Colonel John Mitchell, Col. Provost, and Dr. 
 Frederick Dalcho. Emanuel de la Motta, Abraham Alexander, 
 and Isaac Auld will make three more Jews which will count 
 up thirteen out of sixteen. No reason is given for this pecu- 
 liar choice. But if history speaks correctly on this subjeci. 
 we have every reason to conclude, that Morin and his coadiu- 
 tors in those days found the manufacturing of Masonic degrees 
 and the sale of Masonic dignities, a very profitable and lucra- 
 tive undertaking. They pursued it diligently, making all the 
 money they could from the traffic. Acting upon this principle, 
 Morin did not remain in one location on the islands for a long 
 period of time, but knowing that the whole range of islands, 
 as well as the vast continent of America, were wholly unpro- 
 vided v?ith these almost " priceless gems," which he alone pos- 
 sessed, he passes from place to place, disposing of them wher- 
 
RITE OF PERFECTION. 39 
 
 ever he could find a customer, and obtain a fair consideration, 
 until he had spread the whole broadcast over the soil which 
 he came to cultivate. And his Jewish brethern in our own 
 land, being better adapted than others for the sale of these 
 commodities, entered into the scheme with equal zeal. The 
 result shows for itself ; in all the Inspectors constituted by 
 these travelling pedlers, the most of them are of the Jewish 
 faith. 
 
 The opening and constituting this Supreme Council does 
 not appear to have been honored with the presence of any 
 properly authorized Inspector General to perform that work, 
 nor with any written instrument or power, from any known 
 body in the world. It is stated to have been opened by John 
 Mitchell and Frederick Dalcho, both of whom were initiated 
 and appointed under these Jews who had received their powers 
 from Stephen Morin. Now it would not be out of place to in- 
 quire here, where John Mitchell or Frederick Dalcho obtained 
 the seven additional degrees and the last, making the Thirty 
 three, and where the Jews — their initiators obtained them. 
 For it has before been most clearly demonstrated and is gen- 
 erally conceded to be true, by all authors, that Stephen Morin 
 had only Twenty-five degrees, or the Rite of Perfection, that 
 this rite continued as such on the islands until 1802, that all 
 the Inspectors whom he initiated were only possessed of what 
 he was possessed of, viz : the Rite of Perfection, and that 
 nothing was known in this country, of any degree of Masonry 
 beyond the Twenty-fifth or Sublime Prince of the Royal 
 Secret up to the opening of this Council in 1801. There is no 
 one point, in all the controversies which have been had, upon 
 the subject of the Ancient and Accepted Rite, which has been 
 more earnestly argued and maintained than this, by the dis- 
 ciples of that rite. Mr. Lamarre, in his very able pamphlet 
 published in New Orleans, says : 
 
 " After the Brother Morin came to America (meaning, of course, the Inspec- 
 tor appointed by him,) he did not pretend t© propagate any other Masonry 
 than that of Perfection, in twenty-five degrees. Up to the year 1801, we find 
 no trace in America, including the West Indies, of any higher degree than 
 
40 RITE OP PERFECTION. 
 
 the Twenty-fifth, or Sublime Prince of the Eoyal Secret. We have several 
 rituals of that degree as the Twenty-fifth, made out about that time. It ig 
 true that the rank of Deputy Grand Inspector General had gradually grown 
 to be regarded and given as a degree ; but Grand Consistories, or Councils of 
 Sublime Princes of the Royal Secret, were the highest and governing bodies 
 of the rite. 
 
 " The register of Brother Aveilhe was made out in 1797, and that of Brother 
 de la Hogue in 1798 and 1799, and in neither is there any hint of any higher 
 power in Masonry than a Sublime Grand Council of Sublime Princes of the 
 Royal Secret. 
 
 " The register of de la Hogue states the confirmation of this. And in the 
 register of Moses Holbrook, in the archives of the Supreme Council at Char- 
 leston, is the copy of a Patent given by Barend M. Spitzer, Prince of Masons 
 and Deputy Grand Inspector General, reciting his own creation as such at 
 Philadelphia, on the 25th June, 1781, by a Convention of Inspectors, and cer- 
 tifying that John Mitchell, of Charleston, had been raised to the degree of 
 Kadosh, and further, to the highest degree in Masonry, and creating him 
 Deputy Inspector General. This bears date April 2d, 1795. Then follows a 
 Patent granted to Frederick Dalcho, on the 24th May, 1801, by John Mitchell, 
 Kadosh, P. of the R, S., certifying him to be K. H., and P. of the R. S., and 
 creating him Deputy Inspector General. 
 
 " The register of de la Hogue contains a copy of the Patents granted on 
 the 12tb November, 1796, by Hyman Isaac Long, to Brothers de la Hogue, 
 de Grasse, Magnan, St. Paul, Robin, Petit and Marie, creating each Patriarch 
 Noachite and Sovereign Knight of the Sun and of Kadosh, Deputy Grand 
 Inspector General, &c. 
 
 " There is, also, in the same register, a copy of the Charter of Constitutions 
 granted on the 12th November, 1796, by the Brother Long, to the same breth- 
 ren, to establish a Lodge of Kadosh at Charleston, on the continent of South 
 America. In it the Brother Long thus describes himself — ' We, Hyman Isaac 
 Long, Grand Elect, Perfect and Sublime Mason, Knight of the East, Princa 
 of Jerusalem, &c., Patriarch Noachite, Knight of the Sun, and Kadosh and 
 Deputy Grand Inspector General over all the Lodges, Chapters, Councils and 
 Grand Councils of the superior degrees of Free Masonry, Ancient and Modern, 
 spread over the surface of the two hemispheres.' To this is annexed a certifi- 
 cate, showing that, under the Patent,, ' a Grand Sublime Council of Princes 
 of the Royal Secret ' was established and installed at Charleston, South Caro- 
 lina, on the 15th January, 1797, and that it was recognized and approved and 
 confirmed by the Grand Council of Princes of the Royal Secret, at Kingston, 
 Jamaica, on the 10th of August, 1798. 
 
 •• On the 26th May, 1797, the Grand and Thrice Puissant Council of -the 
 Valiant Princes and Sublime Masons of the Royal Secret, at Charleston 
 granted to Brother Jean Baptiste Aveilhe a Patent as Knight of the Sun and 
 Kadoeb, Deputy Grand Inspector General, 
 
RITE OF PERFECTION. 41 
 
 " It thus appears in the most perfectly conclusive manner that, up to the 
 year 1800 at least, the Rite of Perfection, ending with the Twenty-fifth degree, 
 and having as its highest governing bodies Grand Councils of Princes of the 
 Royal Secret, was the only Scottish Masonry worked in America. We find 
 as yet no Thirty-third degree, and no Sovereign Grand Inspectors General. 
 
 " The Inspectors, it is true, had assumed importance, and probably usurped 
 powers. Originally they were subordinate provincial officers of the Sovereign 
 Grand Council. In the provinces of Prance they could not constitute subordi- 
 nate bodies, but only receive amplications and report upon them. But in foreign 
 countries they had the power of creating and constituting. They were required 
 to report, it is true, but that was naturally very irregularly done, and they as 
 naturally regarded themselves as superior even to the highest bodies which they 
 created." 
 
 Now the question naturally arises, viz : If these things be 
 true, where did all these persons who constituted and opened 
 the Supreme Grand Council get or obtain their degrees viz., : 
 the seven additional with, especially, the Thirty-third? 
 Neither Morin nor his coadjutors knew anything about them 
 in the year 1800. What other conclusion can we arrive at 
 than a very simple one, viz : they manufactured them. Per- 
 haps they may refer to the Constitution of 1786, but we shall 
 speak more particularly upon that point directly. Meantime, 
 let us see how Mr. Lamarre accounts for it. 
 
 Page 24 — " It is true that, prior to 1801, these officials (Inspectors) had 
 assumed, perhaps, a higher rank, and certainly a greater degree of independence 
 than they were entitled to, and looked upon, and treated to some extent, the 
 rank of Deputy Grand Inspector General as a degree ; and it was no doubt in 
 consequence of this gradual assumption of power and prerogative, that they 
 finally embodied themselves into Supreme Councils, and increased the number 
 of degrees to thirty-two, besides the presiding degree, in order to set on foot a 
 new rite, and enable them, by prescription and the assent of the fraternity of 
 Scottish Masons, to consolidate and legalize their power." 
 
 Here, then, is a direct confession of the manner in which 
 they formed themselves into a Supreme Grand Council by 
 their own power. 
 
 Ragon, in speaking of this Council, says : 
 
 " In 1783, Morin and his coadjutors, notwithstanding the aanulling of his 
 Patent, and his recall in 1766, go on constituting Chapters and Councils 
 in different places. In that year they erect in Charleston, South Carolina, the 
 Grand Lodge of Perfection ; but the Prince Masons of Charleston, who were 
 
42 soornsH ritk, ancient and accepted. 
 
 an Jews, not satisfied with the Rite of Perfection, consisting of twenty-five 
 degrees, in 1801 erect eight degrees more, making in all, thirty-three degrees ; 
 «nd, an their own authority, without any legal Masmiic light whatever, constitntc 
 themselves the Supreme Scottish Council of America and the French posses- 
 BioDS. John Mitchell, Frederick Dalcho and Emanuel de la Motta, Abraham 
 Alexander and Isaac Auld, are the five persons who create a Supreme Council 
 of the Thirty-third degree in Charleston. Three of the above are Jews ; the 
 other two had been inveigled into the concern. 
 
 " On the 4th of December, this Supreme Council issues a circular, signed 
 and purporting to come from the five beforementioned persons, defining the 
 degrees which they practiced — in number thirty-three — and additional ones, 
 making in all the enormous number of fifty-thkbe deqkbbs, but never once 
 intimating in the whole of that monstrous and amazing document, the origin 
 of their authority as a Supreme Council. This document received a large 
 circulation among Masonic bodies over the two hemispheres, and the venerable 
 Grand Lodge of Scotland, on receiving the same, refused to notice it or to 
 recognize the body, with much severe remark upon their gross conduct. 
 
 " The brethren who were thus constituted, were illegal in every respect, and 
 could not lawfully establish the Rite of Perfection, or make substitutes in any 
 place." 
 
 Here then is the commencement of the new rite under the 
 title of " Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite.'' Before the an- 
 nouncement of this Council in 1802, all authors agree in say- 
 ing, that no other Rite than that of Perfection, having 
 Twenty-five degrees and no more, and ending with the Sub- 
 lime Prince of the Royal Secret, was practiced or known by 
 Morin and his coadjutors, nor was the title " Ancient and Ac- 
 cepted Scottish Rite" ever applied to any system of degrees, 
 or practiced by any set of Masons. And this is the head and 
 front of their claim to power in that rite because they are the 
 founders and establishers of the same in 1802. 
 
 It is certain, that, as a general thing, this prominent and 
 peculiar claim has not heretofore been allowed, or even well 
 understood by Masons. On this account, as well as for proof 
 that they do actually make such a claim, we quote from their 
 own defenders, perhaps largely, but still, with profit to the 
 reader. 
 
 Lamarre, page 3, says : 
 
 " A rite is a, regularly arranged scale or series of degrees, forming a hier- 
 archy, in which each lower degree introduces the neophyte to the one immedi- 
 
KITE OF PEEPKCTION. 43 
 
 ately above it. One rite may differ from another, either in having more or less 
 degrees, leaving out or adding degrees, or working the same degrees differently. 
 
 " The Rite known at this day as the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Kite, 
 consists of thirty-three degrees. Of the origin of many of these degrees we 
 know nothing whatever. Undoubtedly most of them, as isolated degrees, or 
 parts of other systems, were worked by different Masonic bodies in Europe 
 established near the middle of the Eighteenth Century. 
 
 " We admit that, if one were to take a rite consisting of a large number of 
 degrees, and add or take away one or two degrees, making no other changes, 
 and give it, with that diminution or addition, a new name, it would not, in good 
 faith, be another or new rite. But, if the change made were substantial, if 
 the existing degrees were re-arranged, and several new ones added, and especi- 
 ally if higher ones were created, and the scale so arranged became consolidated 
 by time, and grew up to be a power in Masonry, regularly established and 
 administered, it would be simply absurd to deny it the name of a rite. 
 
 " In 1758, and for many years after, the Kite of Perfection or of Heredom 
 consisted of twenty-five degrees. It began with the three Symbolic degrees, — 
 with the Eighteenth reached the Rose Croix, and with the Twenty-fifth the 
 Prince of the Royal Secret. At some time between 1783 and 1801 — (why not 
 say at once in 1801, as he has before proved,) — some one or more persons took 
 the Kite of Perfection and expanded the seven degrees above the Eighteenth 
 to fifteen degrees, leaving the first eighteen untouched, and more than doubling 
 the residue ; ending with a degree above the highest of that rite, created a 
 superior governing power, and called the new rite the ' Ancient and Accepted 
 Scottish Rite.' " 
 
 Again, page 6 : 
 
 " The word rite has acquired in Masonry a perfectly well settled technical 
 meaning. When out of the mass of perhaps two hundred degrees, with their 
 six hundred variations, somebody has selected twenty-flve, arranged them, made 
 them to some extent harmonize, induced bodies of Masons to accept and work 
 them, and under that system to establish Masonic government, administration, 
 offices and dignities — that is a rite. When another takes those same twenty-flve 
 degrees, retains the first eighteen, adds to the last seven, eight others — selected 
 out of the eight hundred degrees and variations, or invented for the occasion — 
 arranges and harmonizes the thirty-three thus obtained, — provides a governing 
 body, a rank, office and dignity higher than before, induces Masons to accept 
 the new system, or improved system, and so sets it going, and it goes on and 
 works, is administered, and becomes a substantive and existing organization 
 And power in Masonry — that is a rite. 
 
 ■• Among the degrees added to the twenty-five of the Kite of Perfection, to 
 make up the thirty-three of the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Kite now prac 
 ticed, were the Chief of the Tabernacle, Prince of the Tabernacle, Prince of 
 Mercy or Scotch Trinitarian, Knight of the Brazen Serpent, and the Knight 
 Commander of the Temple 
 
44 SCOTTISH RITE, ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED. 
 
 •• An these degrees did not exist in France until 1804. There was never any 
 such degree known in Prance until 1804, as Sovereign Grand Inspector fiene- 
 ral— superior to the Prince of the Royal Secret. And it is perfectly well- 
 known to all Masons who have at all examined the subject, that no such degrees 
 as Chief of the Tabernacle, Prince of the Tabernacle, Knight of the Brazen 
 Serpent, and Prince of Mercy, are to be found in the nomenclature of any of- 
 the old degrees existing prior to the year 1804." 
 
 Here, then, we have the plain declaration of the origin of 
 this new rite. 
 
 But the opposers of this new rite speak in a different lan- 
 guage. They are willing to allow this style of reasoning about 
 the nature of a rite, to be correct, while at the same time they 
 demur to the statements made, first concerning the Rite of 
 Perfection. They say in substance as follows. 
 
 Here, then, we have the whole story, in regard to the origin- 
 ality and newness of the rite which they claim, and after read- 
 ing the long argument, of which this short abstract forms only 
 a very small part, one would suppose that the originators and 
 founders of this new rite, had labored with untiring diligence, 
 and for a long period of time, in examining the rituals, &c., 
 of the various rites, by whatever names they might be called, 
 and had selected such of the number as were free from objec- 
 tions, the most in accordance with their views, and by re-indit- 
 ing, pruning, transposing, and manufacturing, they had put to- 
 gether a series entirely new, and one to which they could lay a 
 just and fair claim. This, however, is very far from being the 
 case. It is not true. 
 
 But let us examine for a moment this pretension. It is clear 
 that Stephen Morin brought the Rite of Perfection in its pure 
 state, from Prance to St. Domingo, that it consisted of Twenty- 
 five degrees as before named, that he conferred those degrees 
 upon the inspectors — that they conferred them upon others — 
 and that those degrees, or this rite of Hcredom in its purity, 
 was carried back to France from Port au Prince, St. Domingo, 
 in the year 1803, by Germain Hacquet, and by him sold to the 
 Grand Orient of Prance, wh'ich body, in gratitude to him for 
 bringing back the rite unadulterated, made him the President 
 of their chamber of rites ; that there was no other rite known 
 
RITE OF PERFECTION. 45 
 
 up to 1801, in this country, and to 1803 in the West Indies. 
 All this is true to the letter. 
 
 Now the Schedule of the degrees which Morin brought with 
 him, are named in his Patent. And the degrees which Ger- 
 main Hacquet carried back in 1803, were precisely the same, 
 no alteration in a single letter or number. 
 
 The Charleston Jews declare, that they did in the year 1801, 
 establish a new rite in Masonry, under the name of the An- 
 cient and Accepted Scottish Rite in Thirty-three degrees. But 
 what were these degrees? Simply the Rite of Perfection, or the 
 Rite of Heredom, received from Stephen Morin — unaltered in 
 a single letter (until late years), and which will at once be 
 evident by placing the two schedules together. Let any one 
 examine for himself and be satisfied. There he will find the 
 twenty -five degrees without a letter or a symbol altered, not- 
 withstanding the great display of words which are uttered by 
 the defenders of that right. Altered they 'may be at this day. 
 for it is nearly sixty years since they made this bold preten- 
 sion, and during that time they have passed through many 
 hands for correction and emendation. So much for that part 
 of the new rite, 
 
 [See Schedule to Stephen Morin's Patent, Doc. No. 6. J 
 But there are eight other degrees added, in order to make 
 the thirty-three. And what degrees are these ? We shall pres- 
 ently see. We quote again. 
 
 "In May, 1797, Louis Claude Henri de Montniain was conferring at Char- 
 leston, South Carolina, a detached degree, by name — ' The Commander of tlie 
 Temple Mason.' This degree had been conferred upon de la Hogue and the 
 Count de Grasse." 
 
 By a bargain made with Montmain, they purchased the com- 
 modity, and crowded it into their system as the Twenty- 
 seventh. They also pick up a number of side degrees, viz.: 
 the Chief of the Tabernacle, Prince of the Tabernacle, Prince 
 of Mercy, and Knight of the Brazen Serpent, making them 
 the Twenty- third. Twenty-fourth, Twenty-fifth and Twenty- 
 sixth, all of which have nothing whatever to do with their 
 system, if there is any system about it ; then make the degree 
 of Kadosh Twenty-ninth, and three out of the Prince of the 
 
46 SCOTTISH RITE, ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED. 
 
 Royal Secret, viz. : Thirtieth, Thirty-first and Tiiirt^ -second, 
 and on the top of the whole they manufactured the Thirty- 
 third out of new material altogether. [See the circular of the 
 body. Doc. No. 7.] 
 
 They leave out altogether the " Knight Ecossai," or, Knight 
 of St. Andrew, and " Sovereign Judge or Inquisitor Command- 
 er," which were not added until nearly twenty years afterward. 
 As it regards the whole of them, except the Commander of 
 the Temple, they assert that they were not known in Europe, 
 or in any Masonic rite until 1801, which is very clear evidence 
 if it be true, that they were manufactured then. 
 
 Now, the question is, Does this make a new rite of it? 
 Will it make a new substance by dividing a piece of cloth 
 twenty-five inches long originally, into several pieces with a 
 knife, and then adding five or six more pieces, and sticking all 
 together closely, so that a body is formed thirty-three inches 
 long instead of twenty-five. If it be a fact, that the simple 
 addition of these degrees, unimportant in themselves, and 
 irrelevant to the subject, makes a new rite, and that ground 
 is maintained, then we have no security in any Masonic rite 
 which we practice and venerate at the present day ; on the same 
 ground, why could not a Royal Arch Chapter take up the Royal, 
 Select, and Super Excellent Master degrees, crowd them in 
 between the Most Excellent and Royal Arch degrees, then de- 
 clare a new rite, with a new name, and at once turn round, 
 and not only denounce a Regular Chapter, and all regular 
 Chapters, but also expel the whole body of the old rite as the 
 Charleston Supreme Council has done, and deny all inter- 
 course with them. If this were a true position, and could be 
 sustained, then all known Masonic Rites could be superceded 
 and denounced in a day. 
 
 This document proclaims a most gross falsehood when it 
 declares that the Masons called Sublime, were in possession of 
 the Word, lost by the assassination of our Grand Master, and 
 had preserved it through all succeeding generations, down to 
 the present time. As there are as many diiferent words, as 
 there are degrees, in their system, which have the same mean- 
 
RITE OF PERFECTION. 47 
 
 ing, it would have been well to have stated, which one of the 
 words they had particular allusion to. It is not necessary, 
 however, to waste any time in arguing this matter, as the 
 whole assertion in its length and breadth, will be controverted 
 by the relation of simple, well authenticated, historical facts, 
 which will prove how far from the ages of antiquity the Sublime 
 Masons have transmitted this renowned word, or any other 
 important matters connected with Masonry. 
 
 We have seen that Masonry was not known in France in 
 any of its rites whatever in the year 1700 of the Christian 
 Era, that in 1725 the first Symbolic Lodge was formed, and that 
 the Ineffable or Sublime degrees were not known until the 
 year 1730, or there about. Beginning with 1730, the following 
 rites were manufactured and introduced into France, and from 
 thence to other parts of the world. Perhaps it would be 
 proper to mention, that the three first degrees of Ancient Craft 
 Masonry have nothing to do with this Schedule, as they were 
 in practice on the island of Great Britain several centuries 
 before this period. They, however, form the basis of most of 
 the systems. 
 
 The rite " de la VieiUe Bru," or, of the Faithful Scotchman, 
 was established at Toulouse, in France in 1748, and consisted 
 of the three symbolic degrees, and six others, in all, nine. 
 
 The Philosophical Scottish Rite, instituted in 1776, at Paris, 
 by Brother Boileau, a Physician, and worked until 1826, and in 
 Belgium ever since, consisted of twelve degrees in addition to 
 the three symbolic, in all, fifteen. 
 
 The Rite of Strict Observance conferred six degrees, begin- 
 ning with the three Symbolic, in all, six. 
 
 The Regime Reforme, or Rectifie of Dresden, had seven de- 
 grees, including the three Symbolic, in all, seven. 
 
 The Scottish Philosophical Rite of the Scottish Mother Lodge, 
 which is to be credited to the body established at Marseilles 
 prior to 1750. It consisted of eighteen degrees, the three first 
 being the Symbolic degrees and the eighteenth the Knight of 
 the Sun, eighteen. 
 
 The Adonhiramite Masonry of the Baron de Tchoudy consist- 
 ed of thirteen degrees, ending with the Noachite or Prussian 
 Knight, in all, thirteen. 
 
48 SCOTTISH RITE, ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED. 
 
 The Ritt of Elect Coens, or of Martinez Paschalis, consisted 
 of nine degrees, it, as well as the Adonhiramite, beginning with 
 the three Symbolic degrees, in all, nine. 
 
 The Alchemical Rite of Pernety consisted of six degrees, be- 
 ginning with the True Mason, and ending with the Knight of 
 the Golden Fleece, in all, six. 
 
 The Rite of PhiMethes, established in 1773, had the three 
 Symbolic and nine other degrees, in all, twelve. 
 
 The Primitive Scottish Rite, or Philadelphi, established at 
 Narbonne in 1780, had ten degrees of instruction, a degree 
 there meaning a certain amount of instruction, and some of 
 them including several Masonic degrees, in all, ten. [See Ap- 
 pendix No. 8.] 
 
 The Primitive Scottish Rite, established at Namur in 1770, 
 consisted of thirty-three degrees, many of which were differ- 
 ent from any in the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite, but 
 are found in the Philosophical Scottish Rite, the Rite of 
 Strict Observance and Adonhiramite Masonry, the Rite of 
 Pernety, &c. 
 
 The Rite of Martinism, of the Marquis of St. Martin, a dis- 
 oiple of ilartinez Pascalis, was at first composed of ten de 
 grees, and afterward, as the reformed Scotticism of St. Martin 
 of seven, each beginning with the three Symbolic, in all, ten. 
 
 The Rite of the Grand Lodge of the Three Globes, at Berlin, 
 has ten degrees. Moreau in his Precis sur la Franc, Ma9. 
 page 17 says, it has seventeen — In all, ten. 
 
 The Rectified Rite, adopted in 1782 had five degrees, includ- 
 ing the three Symbolic, in all, five. 
 
 The Swedish Rite, had twelve degrees, beginning with the 
 three Symbolic, in all, twelve. 
 
 The Rite of Benedict Chastanier, had six degrees, in all, six. 
 
 The Rite of Brother Henoch had four degrees, in all, four. 
 
 The Oriental Rite, or. Rite of Mem-phis, had ninty-two de- 
 grees, being a mere modification of the Rite of Misraim, in all, 
 ninety-two. 
 
 The Persian Philosophic Rite had seven degrees, in all, seven. 
 
 The Clerks of the Relaxed Observance had ten, the tenth 
 divided into five parts, in all, ten. 
 
RITE OF PBRFBOTION. 49 
 
 The Architects of Africa or African brethren had eleven, in 
 all, eleven. 
 
 The Rite of Swedenborg had eight, or according to Olavel, 
 six, in all, eight. 
 
 The Rite of Zinnendorf in Russia had seven, in all, seven. 
 
 The Rose Croix Rectified of Schroeder, established in 1766 at 
 Marburg in Hesse Caasell had seven degrees, in all, seven. 
 
 The Rite of Schroeder of Hamburg, established after 1800, 
 had three Symbolic degrees alone, in all, three. 
 
 The System of Fessler, created about 179&, had nine degrees, 
 in all, nine. 
 
 The Eclectic Rite, followed in Germany and Switzerland, 
 settled in 1783, has the three Symbolic degrees only, in all, 
 three. 
 
 The Rite of. the Elect of Truth, created about 1779, had four- 
 teen degrees in three classes, in all, fourteen. 
 
 •' Id 1743, the Count of Clermont was elected Grand Master, and under his 
 Grand Mastership the Grand Lodge of France was completely organized. In 
 that year the Masons of Lyons invented the ' Petit Elu' which was afterwards 
 known as the Kadosh, and out of which were developed several other of the Blu 
 degrees. ' About the same time Philosophism composed several degrees, and 
 among others the Knight of the Sun. The Jesuits, Clavel says. Hist. Pittoresque 
 de la Franc, Mag. p. 166, composed the Rose Croix, which the Philosophers 
 took possession of, and gave its symbols an astronomical interpretation. Soon 
 after, the Kaballa, Magic, Evocations of Spirits, Divination, Alchemy, Her- 
 meticism, Theosophy, and every sort of empty humbug, were worked up into 
 degrees, and taught in the Lodges. The ineffable stupidity of most of the 
 Rituals was a perfect antidote to the looseness of their doctrines. Taking the 
 Rituals in the aggregate, the history of the human race does not present such a 
 scene of shameless imposition, impudence, and folly on the part of a few Charla- 
 tans, and oi pitiable stupidity on the part of the many who were gulled." 
 
 " Heboid entitles the Masonry introduced into France by Dr. Ramsay, or 
 better known as the Chevalier Ramsay ' the Primitive Scottish Rite.' It was 
 composed of three Blue degrees and followed by the ' Novice,' the ' Ecossais,' 
 and the Knight of the Temple,' and a few years afterward was increased one 
 degree, making seven in all, and was adopted by the English Grand Lodge." 
 
 " The followers of Charles Edward Stuart, the son of the Pretender, opened 
 Lodges without authority, and he himself chartered a Chapter of Rose Croix 
 at Arras in 1747 (Besuchet). The Charter is given in full in Ragon. Clavel 
 says that this was the first chapter or centre of administration of the High 
 degrees in France and that the second was established in Marseilles in 1751 
 by a travelling Scotsman. 
 
50 SCOTTISH BITE, ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED. 
 
 " In 1748 the Rite de VeUla Bru, or Faithful Scotsman, was established at 
 Toulouse with nine degrees, the first three Symbolic, followed by the Secret 
 Master, four Elu degrees, and the Ninth degree ' Scientific Masonry."' 
 
 " In 1750 and 1751, a Lodge styled ' St. Jean de Ecossais ' was established at 
 Marseilles, which afterwards assumed the style of ' Scottish Mother Lodge of 
 France: Its regime finally consisted of Eighteen degrees, of which the 
 Scottish Mother Lodge of Prance at Paris afterwards borrowed Eight." 
 
 " In 1752 a power of the High degrees was established under the pompons 
 title of ' Sovereign Council, Sublime Scotch Mother Lodge of the Grand French 
 Globe.' It afterwards called itself ' Sovereign Council, Sublime Mother Lodge 
 of the Excelleras of the Grand French Globe.' The ' Council of the Emperors of 
 the East and West' assumed that title also on the 22d January, 1780.— 
 Ragon.'' 
 
 " In 1754, The Chevalier de Bonneville established a chapter of the High 
 degrees at Paris, styled the ' Chapter of Clermont.' In it the Templar system 
 was revived, and the Baron de Hund received the High degrees, there and 
 thence derived the principles and doctrines of his ' Order of Strict Observance ' 
 — Thory and Leveque — Ragon says. The regime of the Chapter of Clermont at 
 first comprised only three degrees, viz., the three Symbolic, followed by the 
 Knight of the Eagle or Master Elect, Illustrious Knight or Templar, and 
 Illustrious Sublime Knight — but that they soon became more numerous." 
 
 " In the same year Martinez Pascalis established his rite of ' Elus Cdens ' 
 with nine degrees. He did not carry it to Paris until 1767, where Martinism 
 in ten degrees grew out of it." — Clavel. 
 
 " In 1757 M. de St. Gelaire introduced at Paris the ' Order of Noachites.' " 
 
 In 1758 Leveque says : 
 
 " Certain Masons styled themselves ' Sovereign Princes and Grand Officers 
 of the Grand and Sovereign Lodge of St. John at Jerusalem ' founded at Paris 
 a chapter of the Emperors of the East and West, in which they conferred on 
 such Masons as were fond of many degrees, as many as Twenty-five, Thory, 
 Vidal, Pezandie, and Eagon, all confirm this statement.' " 
 
 " In 1759 this Council established a Council of Princes of the Royal Secret 
 at Bordeaux. TTwry and Ragon. 
 
 " In 1761, Lacome, the dancing master, Special deputy of the Grand Master, 
 and as such, real head of the order, enraged because the Grand Lodge refused 
 to recognize him and its members to sit with them, established a new Grand 
 Lodge. Both Grand Lodges, granted Charters and the Council of the 
 Emperors of the East and West constituted at Paris and throughout France 
 Lodges and Chapters. The old Grand Lodge denounced the new Grand 
 Lodge under the cognomen ' Faction Lacorne,' which nevertheless continued to 
 thrive. In the midst of this confusion, Stephen Monn was commissioned." 
 
 Thory, in his Acta Lat., mentions Eighteen different degrees of Apprentices 
 Nineteen of Fellow Craft, Sixty-Four of Master Mason, Thirty-Six of the 
 
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EiTE OP PERFECTION. 51 
 
 " Ehis," Sixty-Eight of the " Ecossais," Twelve of the " Ro»e Croix," Twenty- 
 Seven of the Philosophic degrees, and Six of the ' Kadosh,' these Eight 
 degrees alone furnishing Two hundred and Forty-nine rituals. In all, there 
 have probably been some six or eight hundred degrees, and variations of 
 degrees in practice." 
 
 Annexed will be found a chart containing the most of these 
 rites with the date of their commencement, their progress, and 
 final concentration in the Grand Orient of France, and 
 Supreme Council of France, the ruling and governing powers, 
 there ; all being consummated by the year 1804 to 1810. 
 This chart is embodied from Kloss and Ragon. The quota- 
 tions are made from Thory, Rebold, Besuchet, Vassal, Ragon, 
 Clavel, Des Btang, Chemin Dupontes, Bobrik, Leveque, 
 Moreau, Boubee, Kaufmann and Cherpin, with numerous 
 others, and will all be found engrossed in a pamphlet called, 
 
 " Lamarres Defence, &c." 
 
 All these degrees and rites have sprung into being since the 
 year 1740. And it may not be unprofitable to inquire of what 
 kind of materials all these degrees were made up. 
 
 Des Etangs says of the Rituals : 
 
 " They are an incoherent medley of all sorts of practices and ceremonies, 
 taken from the old religions of India, of Egypt, from the Jewish and Christian 
 books, which might perhaps in other times have sufficed to preserve some 
 truths, but which are far from meeting the wants of the age in which we live." 
 
 Chemin Dupontes Memoir sur 1' Eccossisme, page 322, " From the Fourth 
 degree to the Thirtieth, only four or five degrees are conferred, all the others 
 being so summarily communicated as to be virtually annihilated. We have 
 even heard in solemn meetings of the High degrees the naif avowal, that they 
 did not dare to use the cahiers with initiates possessed of common sense." 
 
 Vassal, page 269, says of the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite, that the 
 reasons given in the Fifth degree for its institution are " miserahle and immoral," 
 that those who made the degree knew very little, that the questions and 
 answers are mostly insignificant, and that he did not succeed in finding in them 
 anything instructive." 
 
 Page 278, " The Sixth is merely political, and he would have passed it by 
 in silence if he had not promised to examine every one separately. He declares 
 the Seventh useless, and that the reasons assigned for instituting it did not 
 exist when it was created." Page 303. 
 
 Page 289, " The Eighth he says is exclusively devoted to Architecture. 
 and one of those which discourage intelligent men, and enable our enemies to 
 
52 SCOTTISH RITE, ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED. 
 
 turn us into ridicule, because they find there more ignorance than instruction. 
 The history of most of the degrees is unintefligpible, &c." 
 
 Page 306, " The Ninth may have been insiduously intercalated to make 
 men abhor initiation ; it is based on cunning dissimulation and revenge ; it is 
 a degree of a sect or party ; does not belong to the primitive initiation ; never 
 ought to have been in Scottish Masonry, and the Chapters ought to be forbid- 
 den to confer it — page 313. The history of the Tenth degree is essentially 
 false — 324. The Eleventh contains not a single point of morals and no 
 instruction, and so is almost a nuUity. The very title of the degree discloses 
 the ignorance of its authors, it ought to disappear from the Scottish Rite- - 
 329 and 330." 
 
 Page 336, " The history of the Twelfth is insignificant and improbable. 
 Of tho Thirteenth he says, the further we advance in the Capitular degrees, the 
 more our embarrassment increases on account of the confusion and improbabil- 
 ity of each degree. A parabolic language and paucity of symbols make these 
 degrees almost unintelligible. There is nothing instructive or useful in it — 
 page 340 and 346." 
 
 Page 287, " The Sixteenth is not worth preserving — there is in it neither 
 utility or instruction." 
 
 Page 420, " The Nineteenth is an inexhaustible source of Allegories more 
 or less positive, and at the same time more or less erroneous." 
 
 Page 321 and 425, " Out of the Twentienth the most fertile imagination 
 and perspicacious penetration could not extract the least instructive notion, 
 nor the least useful consequence. It is really not a degree, for there is 
 nothing in it of what makes a degree." 
 
 Page 374, " The Twenty-third and Twenty-fourth represent Sabeism only." 
 
 Page 477, 480, " The Twenty-fifth is an extravagant compound of events, 
 facts and science, at once Political, Religious and Scientific, its initiation 
 insignificant." 
 
 Page 507, " The Twenty-seventh ought not to be in the scale as a degree. 
 It has neither symbols nor allegories connected with initiation, and is still less 
 a Philosophical degree. It seems to have been stuck in simply to fill a gap 
 and retain the name of a celebrated order. Its instruction is wholly Christian. 
 It expresses the sincere Piety of the Templars. That is all there is of the 
 ■degree. 
 
 Page 520, " The Twenty-ninth he finds of no account, to amount to but 
 little, and says such documents do not pay a studious man, and one anxious to 
 learn who reads with continuous attention a voluminous cahier, to be at the 
 end less enlightened than he was before." 
 
 So much for the quality, or the intrinsic excellence of the 
 degrees of this rite. All the authors who have been quoted 
 are Masons, and therefore the testimony which they hare given 
 is perfectly reliable and should be received. The author in- 
 
RITB OP PERFECriON. 5^5 
 
 dulges the hope that the reader has not become weary in the 
 perusal of this minute account of all the known Rites of 
 Masonry. These extracts were made thus full in order to 
 prove the following facts : 
 
 First. That there was no such thing known in the world as 
 the Ineffable or Sublime degrees of Masonry, or, in fact, any 
 higher degrees at all than the Third or Master Mason, prior to 
 the year 1730. 
 
 Second. That the manufacture of these so-called higher 
 degrees commenced about that time and was carried on with 
 unheard of zeal, until not only Prance, but also many of the 
 portions of the Continent, the islands, &c., were filled with 
 them. 
 
 Third. That among the degrees and rites manufactured, is 
 found in 1758, the commencernent of the Rite of Perfection, or 
 Heredom, consisting of twenty-five degrees. Those degrees in 
 their primitive form are practiced here. 
 
 Fourth. That among all the Rites known and practiced, none 
 of them bear the name of " the Ancient and .Accepted Scottish 
 Rite," from 1736 to 1801, at which time that name is proclaim- 
 ed as attached to a new rite or system then established. And 
 we here clearly see how they came by the material to form their 
 new rite, viz., by taking the Rite of Perfection, manufactured 
 between 1745 and 1758 into twenty-five degrees, and, adding 
 thereto five stray degrees, picked up wherever they could find 
 them, crowding the same in between the degrees of the Rite 
 of Perfection, which they already had possession of through 
 Stephen Morin, and manufacturing a ruling degree, the thirty- 
 third, out of new and raw material. This is their boasted new 
 rite, with a new name, &c. 
 
 SEE SCHEDULE. 
 
 Degrees contained in the Ancient and Accepted Scottish 
 Rite as copied from the Schedule of the Circular, 1802. 
 
 1. Kntered Apprentice. 6. Intimate Secretary. 
 
 2. Fellow Craft. 7. Provost and Judge. 
 
 3. Master Mason. 8. Intendent of the Buildinga. 
 
 4. Secret Master. 9. Elect of Nine. 
 
 5. Perfect Master. 10. Elect of Fifteen. 
 
64 SCOTTISH EITB, ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED. 
 
 11. Sublime Knight Elected. 22. Prince of Libanus. 
 
 12. Grand Master Architect. 23. Chief of the Tabernacle. 
 
 13. Royal Arch. 24. Prince of the Tabernacle. 
 
 14. Perfection. 25. Prince of Mercy. 
 
 15. Knight of the Baat. 26. Knight of the Brazen Serpent. 
 
 16. Prince of Jerusalem. 27. Commander of the Temple. 
 
 17. Knight of the Bast and West. 28. Knight of the Sun. 
 18.' Sov. Pr. Rose Croix de H. 29. Kadosh. 
 
 19. Grand Pontiff. 30, 31, and 32. Prince of the Royal 
 
 20. Gr. Master of all Symbolic Lodges. Secret. 
 
 21. Patriarch Noachite, or PrussianSS. Sov'gn Grand Inspector General. 
 
 Knight. 
 
 Note. — Observe — Kadosh is the 29th, the Institutes require it to be the 
 30th. They have left out entirely, two degrees, which the Institutes require 
 to be the 29th and 31st, viz., " the Grand Knight of St. Andrew," and the " Grand 
 Inquisitor Commander," and have made three degrees out of the " Sublime 
 Prince of the Royal Secret, viz., the 30th, 31st and 32d. 
 
 Fifth. The most important reason of all, is to demonstrate, 
 that the huge pretensions made by the founders of this new- 
 rite in the year 1802, to this effect, viz. : "that the Sublime 
 Masons were in posse.ision of the true Master's Word, which was 
 lost at the assassination of the Grand Master, at the building of 
 the Temple; that it was in their possession before that event, and 
 had been preserved through all succeeding ages by them, and was 
 brought down from thence by them to the present time, ^c, that 
 this huge pretension is a most glaring, bare-faced falsehood, 
 and an imposition upon all whom it may concern. Because, 
 not one solitary degree which they confer is much over one 
 hundred years of age, all of them, beginning with the fourth or 
 Secret Master, and ending with the Thirty-third, having been 
 put together and manufactured out of the " raw matericd," sub- 
 sequent to the year 1730, and most of them since 1750. 
 
 It is vain for them to say that a nobleman from Scotland 
 visited France in 1744 and established a Lodge of Perfection 
 at Bordeaux. It is vain to attempt a deceit here. We have 
 already seen who that nobleman was, viz. : the son of the 
 Pretender, and also that the body, instead of being a Lodge of 
 Perfection, was a chapter of Rose Croix, that degree being 
 then a detatched degree, and manufactured by the Jesuits at 
 
BITE OF PERFECTION. 55 
 
 least twelve years before the Rite of Perfection was known. 
 The knowledge of the whole stuff is abruptly and officially 
 denied by the Grand Lodge of Scotland, and they openly de- 
 clare that none but the three degrees of Ancient Masonry 
 were ever known or practiced there. And such was the case 
 until full one third of the present century had passed away. 
 
 Not content with the iteration of such a mass of falsehood, 
 they resort to Blasphemy and Low Vvigarity, in order to add 
 to the value of secrets which they pretend to hold in their 
 keeping, by saying, " that it is said by Dr. Priestly, that the 
 Jewish writers have said, that Jesus performed his miracles 
 through means of some ineffable words of God, which he had rob- 
 bed or stolen from the Temple.'^ 
 
 This simple expression alone, stamps the character of the 
 document as well as the men who manufactured it. And when 
 it is remembered that it was made with a full knowledge of the 
 rituals, and doctrines of the degrees which they pretended to 
 confer, the real opposition and enmity to the truth, as reveal- 
 ed in the Word of Truth, and in some of the degrees, which 
 are founded upon that revelation, becomes the more fearful 
 and amazing. Leaving all the other degrees out of the ques- 
 tion, and taking the Rose Croix as a guide, a degree which is 
 based upon the Crucifixion and the Resurrection of Immanuel, 
 God with us — which recites the story of the Cross in language 
 most affecting, which exhibits to the view the various symbols 
 connected with the event, as well as the lasting memorials 
 which He left behind to call it up to the memory, amid the 
 troubled scenes of life ; one is entirely at a loss how to account 
 for the cool impudence and malignity, toward the man of sor- 
 rows, which are evinced by this single sentence of the document. 
 
 It may be supposed that this portion of the paper has been 
 selected for the purpose of heaping reproach upon the Jews, 
 who in great part composed the Charleston Council. But this 
 is not the case, on the contrary, it becomes a part of the his- 
 tory, from its being there, and has had a great influence to- 
 ward producing certain effects, which have been partially 
 alluded to, and will be alluded to again. Besides, it would be of 
 
56 SCOTTISH EITB, ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED. 
 
 little avail to our benefit, to reproach them, or to hold up their 
 conduct especially to reprehension. For there were others 
 there besides Jews, and the uttering of such a document and 
 such doctrines, is only a fair and distinct exhibition of the 
 human character, and an accurate developement of the human 
 heart. " The opposition of the Jews to Jesus, in the days of 
 his flesh, was but the natural opposition which conscious 
 iniquity generates, to the light and power of excellence. They 
 hated him, not for himself, but his character. Their aversion 
 to this, was the simple result of man's native dislike to purity 
 and holiness. Their obliquity of purpose and cruelty of spirit, 
 did not arise from their being Jews, but from their being 
 men." 
 
 This body of men assume to be a fountain head of power, 
 issue a document containing partly a history and partly the 
 doctrines which they teach. This is one of those doctrines ; 
 and if it does not declare in so many words that Jesus was a 
 liar and a thief, it certainly leads directly to the inference that 
 they themselves were of that opinion, and would have such a 
 doctrine promulgated in the bodies which they create. It has 
 gone forth to the world, and its effects we have all witnessed. 
 They have so altered the meaning and interpretation of the 
 Symbols which are used, that one is oftentimes at a loss, what 
 to understand by those beautiful emblems, or how to believe 
 what he hears. It was this conduct on their part, which drew 
 forth from the New York Council and Consistory, the circu- 
 lar, which may be found in the Appendix. [See Doc. 24.] 
 
 It is in this light that we would comment upon this part of 
 the document. If we have been led, clearly to perceive, and 
 to believe with unshaken confidence, this lowly and despised 
 one was none other than the Word himself, as he openly de- 
 clares; who was in the beginning with God and was God, that 
 all things were made by him, and without him there was noth- 
 ing made that was made; that although he was the Wonderful, 
 the Counsellor, the Mighty God, the Everlasting Father, and 
 the Prince of Peace ; that, although he was rich, yet for our 
 Bakes he became poor, that we through his poverty might be 
 rich ; who, being in the form of God, thought it not robbery 
 
E[TE OF PERFECTION. 57 
 
 to be equal with God, but made himself of no reputation, and 
 took upon him the form of a servant, and was made in the 
 likeness of men ; and being found in fashion as a man, he 
 humbled himself, and became obedient unto death, even the 
 death of the Cross ; if we follow him to the manger for his 
 cradle, the stable for his dwelling, and his company the beasts 
 of the field ; if we accompany him through his weary way, as a 
 man of sorrows and acquainted with grief, to the wedding, 
 where he by a look transformed the water into wine ; or with- 
 out the city to the bier on which they were transporting the 
 young man — the dead son — to his final resting place, and be- 
 hold him take him by the hand, bid him to arise, and imme- 
 diately he comes to life ; or to the bed of Dorcas where she 
 lay fast bound in death's embrace, and see her, too, though 
 dead, and prepared for the grave, open her eyes at his word, 
 and rise in health and life ; or to the grave of Lazarus whom 
 he loved, who had been dead four days, and yet, at his word, 
 bursting the bonds of death and walking out of the tomb be- 
 fore the astounded multitude, and at the same time, listen to 
 his words while he declares, that He himself is the Resurrection 
 and the life, pointing to the miracle which he had wrought in 
 proof of the truth of his words ; we must conclude that this 
 is indeed none other than the hand of the Almighty God, for 
 none but he can do deeds like this. None but God can forgive 
 sins, or give sight to the blind, or call back to life again him 
 that was dead. 
 
 And is it true that we are called upon by such men as the 
 authors of this document, to believe, that all this is a Sham, 
 that the whole of these marvellous miracles were wrought by 
 means of some word which Jesus stole from the temple, and 
 that the word which he stole, and deceived the people with, 
 they had in their possession, and as Sublime Masons had brought 
 it through all generations from the primitive age of the world 
 down to the present time, and would for the sum of Twenty-Jive 
 dollars, confer it upon or communicate it to, the Candidate ? 
 Is it true that .this doctrine, viz : that he who spake as never 
 man spake, is a Liar and a Deceiver ? That he, whose office 
 work on earth was, to comfort the mourner, to bind up the 
 
58 SCOTTISH EITE, ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED. 
 
 broken hearted, to preach deliverance to the captive, and the 
 opening the prison to them that are bound, was a Thief ? 
 Well may we repeat, " Shame, where is thy blush?" 
 
 We shall pass to the assertions concerning " Frederick of 
 Prussia" and the " Constitutions of 1786," on which this paper 
 dwells with considerable confidence. 
 
 The document reads as follows : 
 
 " In 1761, Lodges and Councils of the Sublime d^rees existed all over the 
 continent of Europe. TTia Majesty, the King of Prussia, who was Grand 
 Commander of the Order of the Eoyal Secret, was proclaimed as Chief of the 
 Sublime and Ine&ble degrees of Masonry for the two hemispheres." 
 
 " On the 25th October 1762, the Grand Masonic Constitutions were finally 
 ratified at Berlin, and proclaimed for the government of all the Lodges of 
 Sublime and Perfect Masons, and of the Chapters, Councils, Colleges and 
 Consistories of the Boyal and Military Order of Pree Masonry in the two 
 hemispheres." 
 
 " On the 1st of May 1786, the Constitutions of the Thirty-third degree, 
 called the Supreme Council of the Sovereign Grand Inspectors General was 
 finally ratified by his Majesty, the King of Prussia, who, as Grand Commander 
 of the Order of Princes of the Eoyal Secret, possessed the Sovereign Masonic 
 power over the whole Craft." 
 
 Before going into an examination of these two points, we 
 would offer a few items worthy of remembrance as we pass 
 along. 
 
 Thory, says : 
 
 " September 2l8t, Commissioners from the Councils of the Emperors of the 
 East and West of Paris, and from the Council of the Princes of the Eoyal 
 Secret at Bordeaux, settled the Eegulations of the Masonry of Perfection in 
 thirty-five articles, &c. 
 
 The title of these Constitutions in de la Hogues Register, 
 in the Charleston body, is as follows : 
 
 " Constitutions and Eegulations drawn up by Nine Commissioners appointed 
 ad hoc, by the Sovereign Grand Sublime Council of the Sublime Princes of the 
 Eoyal Secret" Aveilhes Eegister agrees perfectly with De la Hogues in 
 title, date and place. 
 
 The Second Article declares that the Royal Art, or the 
 association of Free and Accepted Masons is regularly divided 
 into twenty-five degrees, distributed into seven classes, which 
 are there given, beginning with the apprentice and ending 
 
EITB OF PERFECTION. 59 
 
 with the Sublime Prince of the Royal Secret, twenty-fifth 
 degree. 
 
 By Article Third, the governing body of the rite is shown to 
 be " The Sovereign Grand Council of the Sublime Princes of 
 the Royal Secret, and it is provided that it shall be composed 
 of the Presidents, of all the particular Councils of Paris and 
 Bordeaux. 
 
 By Article Sixth, the Sovereign Grand Council was to elect 
 seventeen oflScers annually, ten with different titles and seven 
 Inspectors, who were to meet under the orders of the 
 Sovereign Princes, or his Deputy General. 
 
 The regulations in several of their provisions, define the 
 powers of the Inspectors whom they generally style Grand 
 Inspectors, and of the Deputies whom tbey were authorized to 
 appoint. They were to represent the Sovereign Grand Council 
 in the provinces and foreign countries ; visit, inspect, and pre- 
 side in subordinate bodies, and could within their respective 
 jurisdictions in foreign countries, create and constitute Lodges 
 and Councils. 
 
 The Thirty-third Article declared the degree of Prince of 
 the Royal Secret, to be the Sublime and last degree of Mason- 
 ry, and gave stipulations for conferring it. 
 
 Here, then, we have a short abstract of the meeting of the 
 Commissioners in 1762, the Thirty-five Articles which they 
 enacted, called the Constitutions and Regulations of the Order, 
 fixing the number of degrees and their names, the office of 
 Inspectors, their powers, &c. These are quotations from numer- 
 ous French authors as Leveque, Kaufmann and Cherpin and 
 others, and from the Registers of the Charleston body. They 
 all agree in this matter. And on the first of May, 1786, they 
 were confirmed, as we shall presently show, and have already 
 shown in part, by the degrees and laws having continued un- 
 changed until 1802. 
 
 But let it not be forgotten, that not a single one of the 
 French authors, nor any other heard of, makes mention of the 
 name of Frederick of Prussia in connection with these laws or 
 degrees, nor of Berlin ; it was at Paris and Bordeaux. And 
 all that ever was known or written concerning Frederick of 
 
60 SCOTTISH RITE, ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED. 
 
 Prussia, Berlin, the Constitutions as ratified at that East, &c., 
 is to be found first, and only, in the written documents of the 
 Charleston body, and is altogether unsupported by any res- 
 pectable authority. De la Hogue, de Grass and Aveilhe, 
 with Solomon Bush, and the documents now in hand, are the 
 only authorities known for that fabrication. 
 But to proceed : 
 
 " On the 27th December, 1773, the National Grand Lodge (the title at that 
 time worn by the Grand Orient,) declared that it would thenceforward work in 
 Symbolic Masonry only, and forbade the Lodges to go beyond the Third degree 
 in their labors. Thory says under this date — Suppression of the new National 
 Grand Lodge — Appointment of a Committee to revise the High degrees — 
 Messrs. Bacon de la Chevallerie, the Count de Stroganoff and the Baron de 
 Touissant are appointed the Committee. The Lodges are requested to suspend 
 all labors in the High d^jees, as the Grand Orient itself did. It enjoined on 
 the Lodges not to occupy themselves with the High degrees, and to work only 
 in the the first three Symbolic degrees, as, it added, itself was doing. In 1781 
 and 1782 it created within itself a chamber of the High d^rees, which labored 
 at a revision of them, and early in 1786 reported four, viz., Elu, Ecossais, 
 Knight of the East, and Rose Croix. These were adopted by the Grand Orient 
 to be worked in addition to the three Symbolic degrees, and it thereupon 
 decreed that no others should be worked in the Lodges and Chapters under its 
 jurisdiction." 
 
 Subsequently the union of all the Masonic bodies in France 
 took place, merging themselves into the Grand Orient, as we 
 have before shown see (Tables), and in the May foUowino- 
 the gi-eat Convention took place, for the purpose of making 
 Statutes and Regulations for the general government of the 
 Order. It is this Convention, its date, and the code then 
 adopted, which has been seized upon by the Charleston Jews, 
 and turned into the celebrated Berlin affair for the production 
 of the Secret Constitutions, manufactured (they say) by Frede- 
 rick, for the purpose of forming the Ancient and Accepted 
 Scottish Rite. 
 
 The Report of the Grand Orator of the Chamber of Rites 
 (Paris) thus speaks of this matter : 
 
 " That Supreme Council (Charleston) labors under very serious errors as it 
 regards the laws by which it is governed, and the rights which it arrogates to 
 itself. , It refers to a decree of May 1st, 1786, fathered upon Frederick IL, 
 King of Prussia, and by which, according to their statement, the Twenty-five 
 
EITB OP PERFECTION. 61 
 
 degrees have been extended to thirty-three, and the rules of the rite established 
 for the future. This rite, in fact, has no other true regulations than those 
 decreed at Bordeaux ; and, aa it regards the laws of Prederick II., it is most 
 certain that they never had an existence. No traces of them have ever yet been 
 discovered, either in Paris or Berlin, before the year 1804, and then they were 
 brought from Charleston to Paris by the Count de Grasse." 
 
 Thus we have a very clear and concise account of the Con- 
 stitution of 1762 and the General Statues and Eegulations of 
 1786 ; but no mention is made of Berlin, or Frederick of Prussia. 
 There is no mention made of any rite but that of Perfection, 
 in t-wenty-live degrees. Nor is it a possible thing that Frede- 
 rick could have been declared Grand Commander of the Order 
 of the Royal Secret, or proclaimed Chief of the degrees of the 
 two hemispheres, as those degrees only came into existence as 
 a rite in 1758 — and Stephen Morin received his power in 1761, 
 in which his (Frederick's) name is not mentioned ; furthermore, 
 the degrees were not carried out of France as a rite at so 
 early a day, except in the case of Morin : certainly not to 
 Prussia, as we shall presently see. 
 
 We quote again : 
 
 " Frederick II. never received or practiced the Ancient and Accepted Scot- 
 tish Rite, and never proceeded in Masonry further than the Third degree. He 
 probably was acquainted with Fessler's system — six Higher degrees ; or Zin- 
 nendorfs — four higher degrees. The rite in Masonry now known as the 
 Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite, as well as the Rite of Perfection, or the 
 Ineffable degrees, are not now known, nor have they ever been known or prac- 
 ticed in Prussia (1852) . It is certain that no other system is followed or known 
 in Prussia but that of Pessler, which has but nine degrees, viz., three Symbolic 
 and six higher degrees ; or that of Zinnendorf, composed of seven degrees, viz., 
 three Symbolic and four higher degrees ; the one practiced by the Grand Lodge 
 Royal Tork of Friendship, and the other by the Grand National Lodge of 
 Germany, both sitting in Berlin. It therefore is perfectly well demonstrated, 
 that the Scottish Rite, in thirty-three degrees, or in twenty-five degrees, has 
 always been, and is now (1852), entirely unknown in Prussia, notwithstanding 
 the assertion contained in the famous Charleston document, that Frederick II. 
 was Sovereign Grand Commander in the Scottish Rite, and had willed the 
 establishment of a Supreme Council for each nation. 
 
 " The King of Sweden, Duke of Sudermania, &c., was never a deputy of the 
 King of Prussia, was never acknowledged as such by the Craft, neither in 
 whole nor in part, and never possessed the Thirty-third degree regularly, — as 
 the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite, as well as the Thirty-third degree, is 
 
62 SCOTTISH BITE, ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED. 
 
 entirely unknown to Swedish Masonry. It most, therefore, have been conferred 
 upon him as a matter of conrtesy, by the Snpreme Council of Charleston, after 
 the year 1802, if he has the degree at all. 
 
 " Challon de JoinvUle has never been a deputy of the King of Prussia, nor 
 has he assumed that quality on the Patent of Sephen Morin. The assertion 
 is — false altogether. He was the substitute or deputy of Louis of Bourbon, 
 Prince of the Blood, Count Clermont, then Grand Master of the Order of 
 France. 
 
 " The Grand Constitutions of the Thirty-third degree, called the Supreme 
 Coimcil of the Sovereign Grand Inspectors Greneral, were not ratified or pro- 
 claimed by His Majesty the King of Prussia, nor by any other Majesty what- 
 ever, either in 1762 or 1786, as the Thirty-third degree was never even known, 
 or heard of, nntU the year 1804. (In Europe.) 
 
 " Now it is well known that this rite, in fact, has no other true Regtdaiions 
 or Laws than those decreed at Bordeaux, on the 20th September, 1761, by the 
 Commissaries of the Council of the Emperors of the East and West, of Paris, 
 and of the Council of Princes of the Royal Secret, of Bordeaux. As it regards 
 the laws of Frederick H., it is dear and certain that they never had any existence. 
 That assertion concerning that monarch is a complete fabrication. And if they 
 had ever been made, it would be at Berlin, not at Paris, and still less at Char- 
 leston, South Carolina, that the traces of their origin should be found. All 
 members of the Scottish Eite must, consequently, now give up the idea of 
 enforcing the pretended Grand Constitutions of 1786. Thus the prescription, 
 concerning the number and seat of the several Snpreme Councils of the Uni- 
 verse, can no more be admitted or allowed ; stiL less can it be applied to the 
 equally extravagant disposition by which a Sovereign Grand Inspector General 
 of the Thirty-third degree had the power of making Masons, of convening 
 them, &c., or of forming a Snpreme CouncO in countries where there was 
 none. 
 
 " Supreme Councils must follow the common law. Hiey must derive their 
 powers from a regular authority of the rite, and they can establish their seat in 
 such States as have none. This principle has been sanctioned by the Grand 
 Orient of Brazil, which made application to the Grand Orient of France for 
 the powers necessary for the establishment of the Scottish Eite, and to the for- 
 mation of a Snpreme Council in its bosom. Said principle has again been 
 recently resorted to in the Grand Orient and Snpreme Council of New Grenada, 
 which for twenty years past has practiced the Scottish Rite in said republic, 
 and had been first formed under the pretended Constitutions of 1786. This 
 authority has been regularized by the Grand Orient of France, and has thus 
 become a regular Scottish power in New Grenada. 
 
 " The pretended Constitutions of the Thirty- third degree were probably the 
 General Eegnlations and Statutes of the Order, promulgated at the Union and 
 Convention in Paris, May, 1786. This was a Union of all the Masonic bodies 
 in Prance into one grand body, denominated the Grand Orient of France" 
 I Appendix, Doc. No. 3.] 
 
EITB OF PERFECTION. 63 
 
 Added to this, -vnll be found in the Appendix, No. 9, an offi- 
 cial document in answer to some inquiries made in 1833. The 
 document comes from the old Scotch Directory of the " National 
 Grand Lodge of the Three Globes," Beblin, and is now on 
 record in the archives of the Grand Orient of France, 
 
 But again. In the official proceedings of the centennial 
 celebration of the initiation of Frederick the Great, King of 
 Prussia, into the fraternity of Masons, by the Grand National 
 Mother Lodge of the Three Globes, Berlin, 1838, the Orator 
 of the occasion endeavors to correct the assertions advanced 
 in regard to Frederick by several French systems of Masonry, 
 and positively declares that he never actively participated in 
 any work except in that of the real Masonic degrees, and that 
 he was opposed to the High degrees. 
 
 Lenning, in his Encyclopedia, gives the following information 
 concerning Frederick : 
 
 " Frederick 11., third King of Pmssia, known as Frederick the Great, born 
 in Berlin, January 24th, 1712, died at the Chateaux Sans Sonci August 17th, 
 1786. He was made a Mason at Brunswick, on the evening of August 14th, 
 1738, by a Masonic deputation from the Lodge ' Absalom,' at Hamburg, con- 
 sisting of the Barons Von Oberg, Von Bielfield, Von Lowen, the Count of 
 Lippe Brnckburg, and some others. On the death of his father, in 1740, he 
 ascended the throne of Prussia, and in June of the same year, we find him pre- 
 siding as Master over a Lodge at Charlotteuburg, in which he initiated several 
 eminent persons. In regard to his supposed connection with the Scottish Eite 
 all well informed persons are aware that, during the last fifteen years of his life, 
 Frederick neither directly or indirectly occupied himself with Masonry. It is 
 far more likely that he always was a declared enemy of the High degrees, 
 because he, like many other respectable brethren of Germany, had learnt to 
 regard them as the root of all corruption in the Masonic fraternity, and as the 
 seed from which sprang the schisms between Lodges and systems." 
 
 We would call attention to the Appendix, Document No. 10, 
 where this part of the subject is quite fully examined — {Dispatch, 
 August 31.) 
 
 We have thus exhibited the claim which these pretenders 
 make to the King of Prussia as the Grand Commander of the 
 Order for both hemispheres, and it is certainly a most strange 
 thing that, if what they say be true, it should not have been 
 known in Prussia at all, even up to the year 1850 — that no 
 
64 SCOTTISH RITE, ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED. 
 
 mention whatever is made by historians concerning the connec- 
 tion of King Frederick with this Order— that there is not a 
 document of any kind in existence, prior to 1802, save this om, 
 which bears testimony to any such connection. 
 
 Since that time many disputes have arisen in Prance, on 
 account of such a strange assertion, especially because it was 
 at Paris, and not at Berlin, that the Convention of Commis- 
 sioners met, in 1762, for the purpose of framing the Constitu- 
 tions and Eegulations, which should permanently govern the 
 Order, and the name of Frederick, either directly, or by 
 allusion, was never mentioned. 
 
 The simple truth is, that the assertion is false — a complete 
 fabrication from the beginning to the end. "We have indisput- 
 able evidence that King Frederick, Frederick II., or Frederick 
 the Great, was a Master Mason, but for any more than this, 
 we challenge the proof. While on the other hand, there is 
 abundant evidence, and that of the most positive kind, to prove 
 that he had no connection whatever with the High degrees, and 
 was very much opposed to them : so much so, that he denounced 
 them as evil in their tendency and not to be meddled with. 
 
 We will now take up the Constitutions which he is said to 
 have ratified, and known as the " JVova Instituta Secreta," &c. 
 [See copy in Appendix of the Secret Constitutions — Document 
 No, 28.] 
 
 This document claims that^" On the 1st of May, 1786, the 
 Constitutions of the Thirty-third degree, called the Supreme 
 Council of the Sovereign Grand Inspectors General, was 
 finally ratified by His Majesty, the King of Prussia, who, as 
 Grand Commander of the Order of Princes of the Eoyal 
 Secret, possessed the Sovereign Masonic power over the whole 
 Craft. In the new Constitutions this high power was conferred 
 on a Supreme Council of nine brethren in each nation, who 
 possess all the Masonic prerogatives, in their own district, that 
 His Majesty possessed, and are Sovereigns in Masonry." It is 
 on these Constitutions that they base all their powers, and we 
 shall examine a little into their authenticity. 
 
 Vassal, in his Essai Historique sur 1' Institution du Rit Ecos- 
 sai, &c. : Paris, 1827, page 19, alluding to the various impo- 
 sitions of de Grasse Tilly and others, says : 
 
RITE OF PERFECTION. 65 
 
 " They had recourse to fraud, and in order to impose with more safety, it 
 was declared that these constitntiona had been granted by Frederick 11., 
 King of Prussia, who in granting them instituted the Thirty-second and 
 Thirty-third degrees on May 1st., 1786, and in order to give color to this 
 fable, it was asserted that Frederick was Grand Master of the universality of 
 the Scottish Rite. We will add, that he could not have been Grand Master 
 of the Scottish Rite, because since 1750, only reformed Masonry (rite of 
 Pessler and Ziunendorf) was professed in Prussia. We know that the King 
 of Prussia protected the Order, but he was never Grand Master, and had he 
 been that prior to the 1st of May, 1786, he was afflicted with an apoplexy, 
 wMch was followed by paralysis, and which deprived him of a portion of his 
 intellectual faculties. This malady continued eleven months without intermis- 
 sion, and he died in the course of this year, from whence it follows, that he 
 could not create the Thirty-second and Thirty-third degrees, and still less sign 
 the pretended Grand Constitutions on May 1st, 1786. The opinion which we 
 express is the more precise, for if we consult Vol. 3d, of the Hist, de la Mon- 
 archee Prussienne, published by Mirabeau in 1786, we find the following 
 passage : ' It is a pity that Frederick II. did not push his zeal to become 
 Grand Master of all the German lodges, or at least, of all the Prussian lodges ; 
 his power would thereby have been considerably increased, and many military 
 enterprises would have resulted diflerently if he had never embroiled himself 
 with the heads of this association.' [Note. A consideration which cannot have 
 escaped even the least observant Masons is, that if the Thirty-second degree had 
 been created by the King of Prussia, this degree would, at least, have retained 
 some analogy with the reformed Masonry which was practiced in Prussia, 
 while, on comparing this degree with the Twenty-flfth degree of Heredom, we 
 find so perfect an identity between the two degrees, that they contain the same 
 doctrines, the same ritual, and the same historical points, whence it results that 
 the Prince of the Royal Secret is nothing but the Twenty-fifth degree of 
 Heredom, which has been transposed to the Thirty-second degree."] 
 
 " These documents demonstrate that the King of Prussia was never Grand 
 Master of the Scottish Rite, and that in 1786 he was physically unable to 
 create any degrees or to institute these pretended constitutions, and we regret 
 that the authors of the circular of the Grand Orieat of 1819, should have 
 entertained an erroneous principle, by recognizing that Frederick II. had given 
 Grand Constitutions for the Scottish Rite. Notwithstanding this formal 
 assertion, we persist in believing that these Grand Constitutions never 
 existed. The Bro. de Marguerrites has gone even further. He asserts in a 
 memoir, published in 1818, that a Scottish Knight had in his possession, the 
 original of these constitutions, signed manu propria by the great Frederick, 
 King of Prussia — we may observe that the Knight must have been of high 
 birth to have been so intimately connected with the great Frederick, that this 
 monarch should have confided to his care, the Grand Constitutions signed by 
 his own hand, and that he must have been well advanced in years, because he 
 
66 SCOTTISH RITE, ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED 
 
 must have been a Thirty-third in 1786, in order to be entrusted with a doon- 
 ment which was inherent to the cahier of this degree." 
 
 " We can also aflBrm, that since 1814, the Grand Consistory of Eites in 
 France has conferred the Thirty-third degree upon many Prussian officers 
 who were old Masons, and none of them had any Isnowledge of the existence of 
 a Supreme Council at Berlin. Therefore if the Thirty-third degree, and the 
 Scottish Eite, are unknown at the place where they were created, how can it 
 be asserted that the great Frederick instituted this degree, and gave a Masonic 
 Charter, which other kingdoms should enjoy and his own be deprived of." 
 
 " The genuineness of the Constitutions of 1786 was first attacked in a dis- 
 course delivered before the Sov. Scotch Chapter, ' Pere du Famille, at Angers, 
 in February, 1812, and published in the Hermes, Vol. 1, page 296. The 
 author states, that before May 1st, 1786, Frederick had had an attack of 
 apopleptic asphyxia, that his sickness lasted eleven months without intermission, 
 or improvement, and he died in 1786. For this he refers to L' Historie 
 Secrete de la Cour de Berlin, 1789, Vol. 1, page 215." 
 
 Chemin Bupontes, in his Memoire sur 1' Ecociss, says : 
 
 " Frederick the Great protected Masonry, but neither he, nor his Council, 
 amused themselves with making degrees, and if they had done so we should 
 recognize their work. Besides, Frederick died August 17th, 1786, after a 
 painful illness of eleven months. He could not therefore, on the 1st of May of 
 the same year, have made, or approved, any Masonic regulations." 
 
 Clavel, in his Hist. Pitt., says : 
 
 " That from the year 1744 until his death, Frederick in no wise concerned 
 himself about Masonry, that on the 1st of May, 1786, he was dying, and 
 absolutely incapable of attending to any business whatever, that he was the 
 declared enemy of the High degrees, which he considered an injury to 
 Masonry, and that there never was a Council of the Thirty- third degree in Prus- 
 sia, where, previous to 1786, the Eite of Perfection had been, for the most part, 
 abandoned." 
 
 Schhsser, in his History of the Eighteenth Century, says : 
 
 " Frederick II. himself, continued to belong to this Order till after the Sile- 
 sian war. He ceased to be a member shortly before the commencement of the 
 Seven Tears' war, at the very time when these orders began to be abused for 
 every species of deception, and he also commanded such of his Ministers of 
 State as belonged to the Order, to desist from visiting their Lodges." 
 
 This is only a part of the testimony which has been given 
 by authors relative to Frederick the Great and the Constitu- 
 tions of 1786, but it is deemed sufficient to prove fully, the 
 falsity and the folly of the pretensions made in this memorable 
 document. The most able defenders of the rite may be said 
 
RITE OP PERFECTION. 67 
 
 to have abandoned these pretensions, and have now taken quite 
 another stand. They aver that it is a matter of very little 
 consequence, whether Frederick the Great was connected with 
 the Order or not ; or whether he made the degrees, or ratified 
 the Constitutions, &c. That the true state of the case is, that 
 these Constitutions were adopted by the persons who formed 
 the Rite, as the fundamental law, and governing power of the 
 Rite. That they have been accepted as such, down to the 
 present time, and therefore they are the fundamental law. Mr. 
 Lamarre, in his Defence, page 31, says : 
 
 " The first known body of the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite was the 
 Supreme Council at Charleston. It adopted the Constitutions of 1786 as the 
 law of the Rite. That law, so adopted, prescribed the number of Supreme 
 Conncils, and limited the powers of those who should attain to the Thirty-third 
 degree," &c. 
 
 And it is equally true, that it prescribes the number of 
 degrees to be contained in the rite, the manner in which they 
 shall be placed, &c. The question, then, may be asked with 
 propriety — Why were not the founders of the new rite governed 
 by their Constitution, in making up the schedule of the degrees 
 at the close of their document. Read with attention what 
 that Constitution requires : 
 
 " And it is further declared that, all the degrees of all the rites so united, 
 from the First to the Eighteenth inclusive, should be arranged among the 
 degrees of the Rite of Perfection : each in its proper place and order, and as 
 analogy and similitude required, and would compose the eighteen first degrees 
 of the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite ; that the Nineteenth and Twenty- 
 third degrees of the rite which is called Primitive shall form the Twentieth of 
 the Order ; the Twentieth and Twenty-third of the Rite of Perfection, or Six- 
 teenth and Twenty-fourth of the Primitive Rite, shall be the Twenty-first and 
 Twenty-eighth of the Order ; the Princes of the Royal Secret shall form the 
 Thirty- second degree under the Sovereign Grand Inspectors General, who con- 
 stitute the Thirty-third and last degree of the Order ; the Thirty-first shall be 
 the degree of Sov. Judges Commander ; the Sovereign Commanders, Sovereign 
 Knights Elect Kadosh shall constitute the Thirtieth degree ; the Twenty-third, 
 Twenty-ninth, Twenty-fifth, Twenty-sixth, Twenty-seventh and Twenty-niuth 
 degrees shall be formed of the Chief of the Tabernacle, Princes of the Taber- 
 nacle, Knights of the Brazen Serpent, Princes of Mercy, Sovereign Grand 
 Commanders of the Temple, and Sovereign Scotch Knights of St. Andrew, 
 (Nova Institnta Secreta)." 
 
68 SCOTTISH RITE, ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED. 
 
 Here is the formula for the arrangement of the system, and 
 ■it would appear that no mistake could occur with these laws 
 before them. The schedule on this document ought to have 
 agreed perfectly with this classification ; the numbers and the 
 names should hare been made exactly to correspond. Although 
 the framers of these Constitutions have forgotten the Nine- 
 teenth, thus making thirty-two degrees in all, yet in following 
 it, the founders of the rite would have manifested a disposition 
 to be governed by its laws. But now look at the schedule. 
 (See pages 53-54, also Document No. 7.) Here is a great dis- 
 crepancy. While the authors of the Constitutions or Institutes 
 have forgotten the Nineteenth and Twenty-fourth, and doubled 
 the Twenty-ninth, the founders of this new rite have left out the 
 Twenty-ninth, or Grand Knights of St. Andrew ; the Thirty- 
 first, or Grand Inquisitor and Inspector Commander ; they 
 have displaced the Kadosh, and have made three degrees out 
 of Prince of the Royal Secret. Now if it be true, as Dalcho 
 affirms in his orations, " that the degrees of the rite have 
 undergone no change, no alteration whatever, and the founders 
 of the rite meant to give them as they were, and under the 
 same forms which they then had since many centuries before," 
 how does this terrible mistake happen? Surely the wise 
 founders of the rite had reflected well upon the work before 
 them ; and in publishing to the Masonic world the number, 
 and style, of the degrees included in their system, and which 
 they proposed to confer, it cannot be supposed, for a moment, 
 that these degrees were forgotten, or that any possible mistake 
 could have crept in. But so it appears. 
 
 Again. How could the degree of "Commander of the Temple" 
 be included in the Institutes as one of the system of 1786, 
 when it appears, by their own statement, that in 1797 it was 
 being conferred in Charleston, by Montmain, as a detached 
 degree. The Rite of Perfection knew nothing of this degree. 
 It was never introduced into the Council until purchased from 
 Montmain, and was first announced in 1802, Moreover, it is 
 declared by the defenders of the rite : 
 
 " ^.U these degrees did not exist in France prior to 1786, nor until 1804. 
 The Thirty-third did not. There was never any such degree hmywn there until 
 
RITE OP PERFECTION. gg 
 
 1804 as that of Sovereign Grand Inspector General, superior to Prince of iJie 
 Royal Secret And it is perfectly well known to all Masons who have at all 
 examined the subject, that no such degrees as Chief of the Tabernacle, Prince 
 of the Tabernacle, Knight of the Brazen Serpent, and Prince of Mercy, are 
 to be found in the nomenclature of any of the old degrees existing prior to 
 1804. I* Tnileur of I'Aukaye says, as lately as 1840 : ' These four degrees— 
 the Twenty-third, Twenty-fourth, Twenty-fifth and Twenty-sixth— are not 
 found in France.' Accordingly the Scottish Masons regard them as the Holy 
 Ark." — Lamarre, page 33. 
 
 We cannot do better than to give an extract from Historical 
 Inquiry, by Fovlhouze. He says, page 11 : 
 
 " It seems that, with this document in hand, the founders of the pretended 
 Supreme Council at Charleston should have been in no manner embarrassed, 
 and that the list which they gave in their circular of 1802, ought to have been 
 an exact copy of the degrees of the Rite, under the names, and according to the 
 order mentioned in that document. 
 
 " Their list, it is true, would have numbered no more than thirty-one degrees, 
 for the authors of the Institutes have forgotten the Nineteenth and Twenty- 
 fourth, and doubled the Twenty-ninth ; but it would at least have proved that 
 Dalcho and his confreres united a little sense with their modest ambition for 
 notoriety and originality. 
 
 " By comparing this list of degree (Charleston document) with that of 1762, 
 (Acts of the Sup. Oounc. of France, page 4, a seq.,) and with the provisions 
 of the pretended Institutes of 1786 (Nova Instituta Secreta), any one will 
 comprehend that, at the time they made it, none of them knew the Constitu- 
 tions of 1762, nor the Institutes of 1786 ; that, therefore, those Institutes are 
 ■ of a date after the year 1802, and that the above list was hastily set up by 
 men, who, as they had in hand but thirty-one of the rituals brought by Stephen 
 Morin, did not even think of the Grand Knights of SI. Andrew and the Grand 
 Inquisitor Commander, and that they took the object for the name of the 
 ' Grand Scotch Bjiight of the Sacred Vault,' displacing the Kadosh, and left 
 the Grand Pontifi" under the number which it had in the list of Stephen 
 Morin. 
 
 " And the proof that they did not even suspect the necessity of those Insti- 
 tutes to conceal their design, and that they believed that the first forgery (we 
 speak of the Constitutions of 1786) sufficed for their purpose, is, that Dalcho, 
 in his orations, affirms, as we have before stated, that the degrees of the rite 
 have undergone no change — no alteration whatever ; and means, therefore, in 
 his circular, to give them as they were, and- under the same forms whidi they then 
 had since many centuries before. Thus it may be said that, on the one side, they 
 themselves condemned those Institutes, and that now they are evidently con- 
 demned by them. 
 
 " What we find both laughable and scandalous, in connection with the signa- 
 
70 SCOTTISH RITE, ANCIENT AND ACGBPED. 
 
 tares of those Institutes, is, the note annexed by the authors of the treaty of 
 alliance between the Supreme Councils of Prance, Brazil and the Western 
 Hemisphere. In order to account for the absence of names in those places 
 marked with asterisks, they say that these asterisks serve to designate the 
 places of those signatures that have become illegible, or effeoed by FMCiiotr or 
 SEA WATEE, to which the original, written on parchment, has been accidentally 
 exposed on several occasions. 
 
 " This precious manuscript is now deposited within the archives of one of 
 the Confederated Supreme Councils, and its future preservation is, therefore, 
 assured. 
 
 " What ! The Great Frederick ratifies a Constitution which is written on 
 parchment, and behold, the original — or as the French text says, ' tampliation 
 wigtnale ' — thereof travels over land and sea, instead of being kept in the 
 archives of the Supreme Council of Berlin ! That important Council (for with- 
 out it, without the identity of its members being fully substantiated, what 
 becomes of all those who pretend to descend therefrom,) immediately abandons 
 the only proof of its birth and legitimacy, to the accidents of most dangerous 
 voyages. And, notwithstanding the necessity of preserving that document in 
 the very place where it originated and took its full force and vigor, in order 
 that, under all circumstances, it might give faith, credence and authority to the 
 institution which had adopted it for its foundation, and when it was easy to 
 expedite to any person having a right thereto, duly certified copies thereof, 
 behold, it is exposed to accidents from flood and field, from salt water, and 
 frictions of all sorts ! 
 
 " But is it true that there was but one original — ampliation originale — of 
 that document ? If so, the signers have averred a scandalous untruth ; for 
 they declare, in their certificate to the aforementioned institutes, statutes, con- 
 stitutions and appendices, that the official copies, or ampliations thereof, are 
 deposited, and have been carefully and faithfully preserved, in all their purity, 
 among the archives of the Order, and (further below) that the copies which 
 they have examined are faithful, and literally conformable to the original text 
 of those documents. 
 
 " There is no possibility here to avoid an unhappy and disagreeable dilemma. 
 The French word 'ampliation' means either a duplicate or supplement. If it 
 means a duplicate or copy, where was the obioinal, which has not probably 
 been so unfortunate as to be exposed to sea watbb and friction ? We 
 might there find all the signatures it ever had, in a legible condition. If it 
 means a mpplement, the main text would have received the signatures as well 
 as the supplement to the text. We ask again, where is the original document 
 with its signatures in full ? — ^The salt water and friction dodge is a weak sub- 
 terfuge, and not likely to carry conviction with it, to the mind of any honest 
 man of ordinary intelligence." 
 Again : 
 " The Institutks are under the date of 1286, and consequently were signed 
 
BITE OP PERFECTION. 71 
 
 by Frederick 11. five hundred years at least before his birth. The Appbn- 
 DioEs have no date at all (which goes far towards destroying their validity). 
 Those documents being three in number, to wit., the Institutes, signed by 
 Frederick alone, and the Constitutions and Appendices bearing the same signa- 
 tures at a distance of several pages, the sea water or friction did so manage its 
 work of destruction, as to touch only the same names in both places, leaving 
 all the rest of the text in the most perfect condition." 
 
 " Now we say, that neither of those distinguished gentlemen associated upon 
 the commission would have given their approval to such absurdities, if they 
 had taken the trouble of reading and examining those documents, with the 
 note which is attributed to them, as explanatory of the absence of signatures 
 which, it is alleged, were originally affixed to those documents, and more 
 especially so, if it were true, that there are several official ampliatio/ns and an 
 original, because in that case, the miracle operated either by sea water or 
 friction, which through a proceeding of its own, went to destroy the very same 
 signatures on each of those ampliations and on the original itself. So remark- 
 able an occurrence would have been exceedingly interesting to their scientific 
 men, and carrying with it so liberal a seasoning of the supernatural, the fact 
 well authenticated, would have been of inestimable value to the faithful, &c. 
 
 The claims which this extraordinary document set up, are, 
 
 First. The establishment of an entire, new, exclusive rite, 
 in the year 1801, of thirty-three degrees, named in the 
 Schedule, the Order taking the name of Ancient and Accepted 
 Scottish Rite. It has been clearly proved that this boasted new 
 rite was nothing more than the Rite of Perfection, with eight 
 aegrees crowded in, to make up the thirty-three. 
 
 Second. Its great antiquity, pretending to have been founded 
 in the primeval age. This has been clearly proved to be false, 
 by showing that Masonry, in any of its rites, was not known 
 or practiced in France before the year 1725, and then only in 
 three Symbolic degrees ; that in 1736 they began to make addi- 
 tions, and in 1756 they had manufactured an immense number 
 of Rites and Degrees ; among the number of which was this 
 Rite of Perfection ; that before this period there was no Ineffa- 
 ble Masonry in Europe, and that the pretence of a Scottish 
 basis, or its transmission from Scotland by a nobleman, was 
 simply, absurd. In this Synopsis all known rites are given, 
 except the " Rite of Misraim," which was set up in the nine- 
 teenth century. 
 
 Third. That Stephen Morin was the founder, by appointing 
 
72 SCOTTISH RITE, ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED. 
 
 M. M. Hays for America, whereas it appears by their own 
 documents which have been made public, particularly the Reg- 
 ister of Aveilhe, de la Hogue, and De Grasse, as well as from 
 history, that Morin appointed Frankin first, and Frankin ap- 
 pointed M. M. Hays some years afterwards in Boston, Mass. 
 If the document of Morins recall in 1766, which we have given 
 in the appendix, be authentic, (and there is no reason to doubt 
 it) many of his proceedings were illegal. At the best, Morin 
 was not a Sovereign Grand Inspector General when these ap- 
 pointments were made, nor was he or any of those who were 
 appointed by him, members of that degree at all ; that as it is 
 generally conceded by all authors that the thirty-third degree 
 was not known in the world before the year 1802, and then 
 only in the Supreme Council in Charleston, it is clear that th& 
 persons composing that body, manufactured it themselves out 
 of the " raw material." 
 
 Fourth. " That Frederick of Prussia was Grand Commander 
 of the Order of Princes of the Royal Secret in 1762^ had an 
 East at Berlin, ratified Constitutions, made laws, &c." The- 
 falsehood of the whole of this pretension is clearly demon- 
 strated from the beginning to the end. He was not the Grand 
 Commander of the Rite of Perfection or of Sublime Masons ; 
 was not at the Convention of 1762 or 1786, either in person,, 
 or by substitute, or by Deputy ; was not acquainted with the 
 Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite ; he did not form or estab- 
 lish the thirty-third degree, nor had he any acquaintance what- 
 ever with any of the proceedings attributed to him. That 
 Challon de Joinville was not then, nor was he ever, the 
 Deputy, substitute, or representative of " His Majesty the King 
 of Prussia," but was the substitute or deputy of Louis of 
 Bourbon, Count Clermont, Prince of the Blood, the then 
 Grand Master of the Order in Prance. That Charles, Here- 
 ditary Prince of Sweden, Duke of Sudermania, &c., was never 
 a deputy of the King of Prussia, was entirely unacquainted 
 with this rite, and that if he ever was possessed of the thirty- 
 third degree, it must have been after the year 1802, and then 
 conferred upon him as a matter of courtesy by these inventory 
 of degrees. 
 
ETTB OF PERFECTION. 73 
 
 Fifth. That the Constitutions of 1786, purporting to have 
 been ratified, and signed by Frederick II, are a hose forgery, 
 never having been known before the year 1802, and in all 
 probability, not until some years after that date, being fully 
 demonstrated to be such by the article itself, as well as by 
 history. 
 
 The document is lengthy, but it is hoped that the examina- 
 tion of it in some of its parts, has not been unprofitable. 
 Much of it remains unnoticed. We have only taken up those 
 falsehoods which more immediately and directly concern the 
 origin of the degrees, the laws which govern them, the doc- 
 trines which they promulgate, and the influence these have 
 had upon those, who have in succeeding years, become 
 acquainted with the Exalted degrees of Masonry. We do not 
 hesitate to say, that this document has been the germ from 
 which has sprung up all the quarrels and dissensions, all the 
 suspicions and doubts, all the bitterness and bad feeling, which 
 have been so manifest, particularly as it regards the Sovereign 
 Grand Consistory of Joseph Cerneau, and the strife in Prance 
 between the Grand Orient and the Supreme Council there, be- 
 ginning, as will presently be shown, in 1804, and continuing 
 almost to the present day. It was extensively circulated at 
 the time of its publication, it was silently received by the 
 masses of the Masonic order, because they were ignorant of 
 most of the doctrines which it taught, and it has since become 
 in a great degree, a kind of hand-book for quotations, in 
 matters relating to Supreme Councils, and the Exalted degrees 
 of Masonry. 
 
 These we have undertaken to refute and expose, not so much 
 from our own testimony, as from the declarations and writings 
 of others, who have perhaps examined the subject more deeply 
 and are much better acquainted with it than ourselves. How 
 well we have succeeded in the refutation, is, of course, left to 
 the judgement of the reader to decide. It has been before 
 stated, that among other bodies to which this document was 
 forwarded, was the Grand Lodge of Scotland, and the feeling 
 manifested by that body at its reception was so decided, as to 
 call forth a stern rebuke, as appears in the following abstract 
 from their minutes : 
 
74 SCOTTISH RITE, ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED. 
 
 Extract, 1802. 
 
 " This year a circnlar letter was received from a body styling itself ' 2%« 
 Supreme Grand Council of America.' The spirit of the Uluminati which it 
 broithed, and the Supernumerary degrees, amounting to over fifty which it 
 authorized, were sufficient reasons for drawing down the Contempt of Scottish 
 Masons, whose honor it is to have preserved Free Masonry for many centuries 
 in its Original and Simple form, and whose pride it shall ever be, to transmit 
 to the latest posterity, the principles and ceremonies of their order, unpolluted 
 and unimpaired." — Lawrie. 
 
 And Dr.* Frederick Dalcho, one of the signers of this docu- 
 ment, became ashamed in after years, of the great mistake he 
 had made, in the advocacy of Masonry itself as an Oedbe of 
 great antiquity and in lending his name for such purposes. 
 He published a second edition of his " Ahirrum Rezin," with 
 additions and explanatory notes in 1822. He speaks in a very 
 different manner there. In an address delivered to the Frater- 
 nity, he says, " The Principles of our order are coeval with 
 the creation. Founded upon the laws of nature and the com- 
 mands of God, nothing had precedence of them in time. The 
 origin of the Societt, however, as an institution, distinct from 
 other associations, is involved in impenetrable obscurity. And 
 notwithstanding the learning and zeal of many industrious 
 Masons, it will, I fear, forever remain unknown. Various 
 indeed have been the speculations on this subject, and great 
 has been the labor expended by many ' good men and true,' to 
 prove that every man of note from Adam down to the present 
 , day, were Free Masons. But such round assertions are be- 
 neath the dignity of the Order and would not be urged by 
 men of letters. Neither Adam, nor Noah, nor Nimrod, nor 
 Moses, nor Joshua, nor David, nor Solomon, nor Hiram, nor 
 St. John the Baptist, nor St. John the Evangelist, belonged to 
 the Masonic Order, however congenial their principles may 
 have been. It is unwise to assert more than we can prove, 
 and to argue against probability. Hypothesis in history is 
 absurd. There is no record, Sacred or Profane, to induce us 
 to believe that these holy and distinguished men were Free 
 Masons, and our traditions do not go to their days. To assert 
 that they were Free Masons ' may make the vulgar stare,' but 
 
RITE OF PERFECTION. 75 
 
 will rather excite the contempt than the admiration of the 
 wise. If St. John was a Free Mason, then it was impossible 
 that Solomon should have been one, because his lodges could 
 not have been dedicated to St. John, who was not born until a 
 thousand years after the first Temple was built, therefore 
 there would have been in St. John's day what there was not 
 in Solomon's, which would be contrary to our known princi- 
 ples. And besides, if both these personages were Free Masons, 
 then we have the evidence that Solomon was the greater 
 Mason of the two, and our lodges should be dedicated to him 
 instead of St. John. But if Solomon was a Free Mason, then 
 there could not have been a Free Mason in the world from the 
 day of the Creation down to the building of the Temple, as 
 must be evident to every Master Mason. 
 
 The excellence of our institution depends upon its usefulness, 
 and not its antiquity. It is sufficient for us to know, that 
 the origin of the institution is so remote, that the date is lost 
 in the lapse of ages, and can now be only indistinctly traced 
 by occasional records, and the traditions of the Order. When 
 the Hindoos claim for their Shastras an antiquity of more than 
 two millions of years ; when the Chaldeans boast of observa- 
 tions of the stars for more than four hundred and seventy 
 thousand years ; and Manetho Sabennetta, the High Priest of 
 Heliopolis, claims for the Egyptians a national existence of 
 nearly fifty-four thousand years ; who would hesitate to pro- 
 nounce them all fabulous ? Let Free Masons then give up the 
 vain boastings which ignorance has foisted into the Order, and 
 relinquish a fabulous antiquity, rather than sacrifice common 
 sense. Let us trace our principles to Adam, or even to God 
 himself, with reverence be it spoken, but let us not excite the 
 pity of the wise, by calling Adam a Free Mason. 
 
CHAPTER FOURTH. 
 
 PEOGEESS OF THE ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED 
 SCOTTISH RITE. 
 
 A difficulty with the Grand Lodge of South Carolina averted. — ^Progress.— 
 Augustus Prevost — Pierre le Barbiere Plessis. — Wm. Moore Smith — 
 Moses Seixas. — Moses Cohen. — John Gabriel Tardy. — Abraham Jacobs, 
 his exploits in Savannah, and other parts of Georgia. — J. J. J. Grourgas. — 
 Eegisters.— Count de Grasse — ^he goes to France and establishes the Supreme 
 Grand Council Thirty-third degree, Ancient and Accepted Eite, in Paris 
 1804. — Quarrel thereupon between the Grand Orient and the Supreme 
 Council of De Grasse. — Particulars. — The Claims of both. — ^The Charleston 
 Council in 1802. — Sublime Lodge and Council of Savannah, Georgia. — 
 How 1 and by Whom ! — Formed. — Charleston Council 1813. 
 
 We will now resume the history. When the document, 
 which we haye just finished reviewing, made its appearance, it 
 may well be supposed that it created a sensation among the 
 Brethren of South Carolina. The report from the Grand 
 Orient before quoted from, states, 
 
 " The Masons of the Tork rite, working in South Carolina, under the juris- 
 diction of a regular Grand Lodge, were astonished at these high degrees claim- 
 ing a Supremacy over the Order, ^.nd through the Grand Lodge of the State, 
 they inquired about their origin, and from whence they held their powers. The 
 Supreme Council appointed a commission composed of Brother Frederick 
 Dalcho, K. H. P. of the E. S. Sovereign Grand Inspector General of the 
 Thirty-third degree, Emanuel De la Motta and Isaac Auld, both of the same 
 grade, to make a report on the subject. The brethren reporters asserted, that 
 in 1762, the Constitutions of the Scottish rite were transmitted to the 
 Ulustrious Brother Stephen Morin, who, on the 27th of August, 1761, had 
 been acknowledged as General Inspector of all the Lodges, &c., in the New 
 World, by the Grand Consistory of Princes of the Eoyal Secret, convened at 
 Paris, &c. 
 
 This report, it would seem, did not please them, or give the 
 required satisfaction to them, concerning the unheard of 
 powers which they had arrogated to themselves, of controling, 
 and directing all the York lodges of the Symbolic degrees, by 
 virtue of Stephen Morin's power. They did not inform them 
 
RITE OF PERFECTION. 77 
 
 particularly where they obtained the name, and how, of Sove- 
 reign Grand Inspectors General of the Thirty-third degree, and 
 " Sovereigns in Masonry." That Grand Lodge at once took 
 exception to their proceedings, and disputed their authority. 
 A pretty warm contest ensued, but it appeared in the sequel, 
 that some of the officers in this Supreme Council, were also 
 officers or members of the Grand Lodge, and by making con- 
 cessions concerning the first three, or Symbolic degrees, the 
 right over which they pretended to have " waived " in favor 
 of the Grand Lodge, and through the interest and influence 
 which they carried in that body, all difficulty was removed out 
 of the way, and they went on with their work. 
 
 Perhaps it would be as well to mention here, that this was 
 the commencement of a strife among the brethren, which has 
 continued to the present day. These parties, as the successors 
 of Stephen Morin, and Sovereigns in Masonry, claim the right 
 under the " JVodo Instituta Secreta," to establish Symbolic 
 Lodges of the first three degrees, in the Scottish rite. These 
 Secret Institutes declare as follows : 
 
 " Isumerous and pressing solicitations have of late and from all parts been 
 addressed to us, which makes us feel the urgent necessity to oppose an efSca- 
 cious force to the spirit of intolerance, sect, schism, and anarchy, which inno- 
 vators of a new kind endeavor to propagate among our brethren. Those men 
 are guided by views, more or less restricted, thoughtless, blameable, and pre- 
 sented under specious motives, which change the nature of Free Masonry, and 
 tend to remove it from its object, and to make it fall into contempt and 
 oblivion ; and informed as we are of all that now occurs in the neighboring 
 States, we acknowledge that it is urgent to afford remedy thereto. 
 
 " Therefore, and from motives of important interest, we have gathered and 
 united into one body of Free Masonry, all the rites of the Scotch System, the 
 doctrines of which are universally acknowledged as agreeing with the Ancient 
 Institutions, tending to the same end, forming the principal branches of one 
 and the same tree, and differing only as to certain forms already explained by 
 the most part of Free Masons, and easy to conciliate. Those rites are 
 acknowledged under the names of Ancient, Heredom, Kilwinning, St. Andrew, 
 Council of Emperors of the East and West, Princes of the Royal Secret or 
 Perfection, Philosophical and Primitive. 
 
 " Taking, therefore, as the basis of our Conservatory reformation, the First 
 of those rites, and the number of the Hieeakchal degrees of the last we de- 
 clare, that thus united, and agglomerated, those degrees constituted one single 
 order, which professes the dogmas and pure doctrine of Ancient Free Masonry, 
 
78 SCOTTISH RITE, ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED. 
 
 and embraces all the Systems of Scotch Masomy united under the name of 
 ' Ancient and Accepted Scotch Rite.' 
 
 " Therefore, the doctrine shall be imparted to Masons in Thirty-three de- 
 grees, divided into seven temples, or classes, which each of them shall be 
 bound successively to pass through, before being initiated to the most Sublime 
 and last, and to wait for each degree the delays, and undergo the trials, which 
 the Secret Institutes, and ancient and modern rescripts of the Order of Per- 
 fection require. 
 
 " The FIRST degree shall be subject to the second, this one to the third, 
 and so on, up to the most Sublime, or Thirty-third, whidi shall wcUch ove> 
 ALL the others and reprehend and command them, the assemblage, or re-union 
 of all those who are thereto initiated, forming for that purpose the Grand 
 Supreme Dogmatic Council, Conservator of the order, which it shall 
 ootern, and administer, in conformity with the present institutes, under 
 the Constitutions soon to be established. (Nov. Inst. Secre.)" 
 
 Such were the laws under which they pretended to act, and 
 as a matter of course, to establish Lodges and confer the Sym- 
 bolic degrees under the Scottish ritual. Its beginning dates 
 from the year 1783, when they established a Lodge of Perfec- 
 tion there, but it was opposed from its very commencement, on 
 the ground, that the established Masonry of the land was that 
 of the York rite, and that the establishment of another rite 
 by its side, conferring the same degrees in another form, was 
 an unjustifiable interference, and would cause ceaseless confu- 
 sion among the Craft. "While on their part they assert, that 
 persons initiated in a York lodge cannot know any thing con- 
 cerning Scottish Masonry, that the three first degrees are as 
 much a part of their system as the three last, the one being 
 incomplete without the other, and that they are bound by the 
 laws under which they act, to govern and administer the Sym- 
 bolic degrees in the Scottish Rite. 
 
 But this difficulty appears to haTe been satisfactorily settled 
 between the two parties at issue before penning the circular, 
 for in that document they give notice to the Craft, that they 
 waive the right of conferring the three first, or Blue degrees, 
 to the regularly constituted Grand Lodges, which of right 
 administer them. 
 
 Having arranged matters to their satisfaction, these succes- 
 sors of Stephen Morin were not idle, but followed closely in 
 the footsteps of their predecessors. Although there was no 
 
RITE OF PERFECTION. 79 
 
 regularly constituted body from which all these high sounding 
 titles emanated, but all the Sovereign Grand Inspectors 
 General of whom we have any account, received their degrees 
 and titles, the one from the other, yet they kept on, and did not 
 grow weary. Thus, in 1790, Frankin initiated, and appointed 
 Augustus Prevost for the British Leeward islands, and he ini- 
 tiated Pierre le Barbier Plessis for the State of Pennsylvania, 
 Wm. Moore Smith was also appointed for the same State, and 
 resided at Norristown, — M. M. Hays initiated and appointed 
 Moses Seixas, a Jew, Sovereign Grand Inspector General for 
 the State of Rhode Island, and in 1789, he exalted Moses 
 Cohen, a Jew, in Philadelphia, and appointed him Deputy In- 
 spector ; Brother Spitzer conferred the degrees on John 
 Mitchell in Charleston in 1795, and made him a Deputy In- 
 spector General for South Carolina. On the 14th day of 
 October, 1807, Brother Pierre le Barbiere Plessis conferred 
 the degrees on John Gabriel Tardy, and appointed him a Deputy 
 Inspector General for Pennsylvania, and John Gabriel Tardy 
 conferred the Kadosh, and Prince of the Royal Secret, upon 
 Ahraham Jacobs, November, 1810, made him a Deputy Grand 
 Inspector and gave him a Patent dated November 24th, 1810, 
 Jacobs had received the preceding Sublime degrees in King- 
 ston, Jamaica, from the hand of Moses Cohen ; J. J. J, 
 Gmirgas, who was first initiated into Masonry in Lodge La 
 Union Fran^ais, June 19th, 1806, and withdrew from the said 
 Lodge on the 16th June, 1808, was initiated into the Sublime 
 degrees in 1808, and made a Deputy Inspector, and finally, in 
 1813, was made a Sovereign Grand Inspector General Thirty- 
 third, by Emanuel De la Motta, his bosom friend. 
 
 The so-called " Registers" present a curious spectacle of 
 these operations. The register of De la Hogue contains, as 
 its first entry, the filiation of the powers of Morin, as Inspec- 
 tor General. It states then, that Morin gave the degree of 
 Grand Deputy Inspector General to Frankin, at Kingston, 
 Jamaica ; he to Moses M. Hays, at Boston ; he to Spitzer, at 
 Charleston ; all the Deputies in Sublime Council at Philadel- 
 Iphia, (themselves of course) to Moses Cohen ; he to Hyman 
 Isaac Long ; and he to de la Hogue, De Grasse, &c., at 
 
80 SCOTTISH RITE, ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED. 
 
 Charleston. To whom, viz. ; to De Grasse and de la Hogue, 
 he, (Long,) gave, on the 12lh November, 1796, a Charter of 
 Constitution, establishing a Sublime Grand Council of Princes 
 of the Royal Secret at Charleston, South Carolina. 
 
 There is also the " Register" of Aveilhe, which contains a 
 copy of the Patent granted by Moses Cohen to Hyman Isaac 
 Long, on the 12th of January, 1794. 
 
 The " Register" of Moses Holbrook is the copy of a Patent 
 given by Barend M. Spitzer to himself, reciting his own crea- 
 tion as Prince Mason and Deputy Inspector G-oneral, at 
 Philadelphia, on the 25th June, 1781, also John Mitchell to the 
 like effect. Then follows a Patent granted to Frederick 
 Dalcho, May 24th, 1801, by John Mitchell. 
 
 The " Register" of de la Hogue contains also a copy of the 
 Patents granted on the 12th November, 1796, by Hyman 
 Isaac Long to de la Hogue, De Grasse, &c. Also a copy of 
 the Charter of Constitutions, granted on the 12th November, 
 1769, by Long, to the same brethren, to establish a Lodge at 
 Charleston. 
 
 Thus it would appear that these gentlemen were not idle at 
 any time, but diligently improved every opportunity that pre- 
 sented itself, by conferring the degrees and titles upon others 
 for a " fair consideration," the effects of which wo shall 
 shortly see. 
 
 Deeming that all matters connected with the history of the 
 Sublime degrees will be interesting, and more especially to 
 show the effects which immediately followed the establishment 
 of the new rite, we will here take occasion to follow the 
 Count De Grasse Tilly, and thus complete that portion of the 
 narrative. 
 
 The document states — " On the 21st of February, 1802, our 
 Illustrious Brother Count Alexander Francis August Tilly, 
 Count de Grasse, Deputy Inspector General, was appointed by 
 the Supreme Council a Grand Inspector General and Grand 
 Commander of the French West Indies, &c." And in their 
 Annuary of 1802 they pretended to give the names of the 
 Oflicers of the Lodge of Perfection, Consistory, &c., estab- 
 lished in St. Domingo by the Count, together with the Sove- 
 
RITE OF PERFECTION. 81 
 
 reign Grand Inspectors General and Supreme Council, of that 
 island, in all of which the Count is declared to be the Repre- 
 sentative in St. Domingo, of the Charleston body, viz. ; 
 Representative of the Council of Princes of Jerusalem, also of 
 the Sublime Council of Princes of the Royal Secret, and also 
 of the Supreme Council of the Thirty-third degree. 
 
 {See Appendix. Document No. 11, and Patent — Document 
 No. 39.) 
 
 Ragon, as ■well as the Report, states, 
 
 " The Count never established a Council, nor a Supreme Council, in the 
 island of St. Domingo, as has been asserted, but came direct from South 
 Carolina to France." 
 
 Again, 
 
 " Previous to the Supreme Council established by the Grand Orient of 
 France in the island of Hayti, in the year 1837, there never existed at St. 
 Domingo, any Council of Princes of Jerusalem, any Consistory of Princes of 
 the Royal Secret, nor any Supreme Council of the Thirty-third degree. The 
 Count had in view no doubt, the establishment of those Lodges at St. 
 Domingo, and for that reason it is thus stated in the Annuary at Charleston, 
 published at that time. But he did not return to that island, then a prey to 
 the Revolution, but came to Paris direct in the year 1803 or 1804. 
 
 Again, 
 
 " The Ineffable degrees, or the Rite of Perfection, were practiced in France 
 from 1761 to 1804. At that time (1804) the Count De Grasse Tilly, who 
 had taken the Thirty-third degree in the pretended Charleston Council, brought 
 the additional degrees, with the Thirty-third, to France, as a ' Novelty' 
 or ' Curiosity,' not with the title of the ' Rite of Perfection' or ' Ineffable 
 Degrees,' by which name or title they had always been known until then ; but 
 under an entire new name, viz. ; that of the ' Soottisk Rite, Ancient and 
 Accepted.' " 
 
 Ragon says, 
 
 " Count de Grasse in 1802, received Patents from the Supreme Council of 
 Charleston, to establish a Supreme Council at Cape Francais, St. Domingo. 
 This pretended Supreme Council figures largely in the Annuary of the 
 Charleston Council of that year, and they state that it was the only Supreme 
 Council with which they were in correspondence. The truth is, that the 
 Supreme Council at St. Domingo never had an existence. In 1803, the Count 
 returns to France, representing himself as the Supreme Chief of the Thirty- 
 third degree, and on the 22d December, 1804, the Supreme Council of the 
 Thirty-third degree was erected, and provisionally organized in Paris, but was 
 not published, decreed, and definitively constituted, until January 19th 1811." 
 
82 SCOTTISH EITE, ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED. 
 
 It is generally conceded by all authors, that De Grasse did 
 establish in Paris, in the year 1804, a Supreme Council of the 
 Ancient and Accepted Scottish rite, that the name of the rite 
 was new, and the powers claimed by De Grasse for the Council 
 itself, as well as for its officers, were altogether monstrous. 
 Carrying with him the document of the Charleston body, and 
 being imbued with its doctrines, he at once set up a claim for 
 that body, as a rival to the Grand Orient, which embroiled the 
 whole fraternity in a contest lasting for many years. 
 
 Immediately after the establishment of this Council in Paris 
 by the Count De Grasse, the Grand Orient, viewing it as a 
 rival, began to resist the claim, on the ground, that she was in 
 possession of the degrees known as the Scottish rite, and had 
 practiced them since 1762, that the addition of four or five un- 
 important degrees did not make a new rite of it, and that the 
 claim of the Council was preposterous. 
 
 In order that the reader may be able to judge for himself 
 the merits of the case, we shall give an abstract of the claims 
 of both parties, gathered from the many authorities who have 
 espoused either side. 
 
 The Grand Orient claims to have received all the known 
 rites of Masonry into her bosom, beginning with the Rite of 
 Perfection, or Scottish System, and consisting of twenty-five 
 degrees, and continuing so to do until she had absorbed the 
 whole, thereby destroying the action of the numerous Masonic 
 bodies in the work of conferring degrees. A Synopsis of the 
 rites has already been given, together with a Tablet, showing 
 not only the different and distinct rites, but also the time at 
 which they merged into the Grand Orient and Supreme Coun- 
 cil, and thus gave her complete control over all the Masonic 
 degrees. 
 
 [Refer to the Tablet, page 51.] 
 
 This change was completed fully by the year 1799, although 
 she had the Rite of Perfection or the Scottish System nearly 
 fifty years before that date, and gave it to Stephen Morin in 
 the year 1761, in which year, the body was known as the 
 " JVatianal Grand Lodge," with a chamber of the Council 
 within her bosom. 
 
RITE OF PERFECTION. gg 
 
 It would appear from a careful examination of the matter, 
 that about the year 1772 there was great discontent among 
 the different Masonic bodies, as it regards the number of the 
 degrees conferred. They thought them too numerous and 
 burdensome, and had become -weary. In accordance with 
 these feelings the Grapd Lodge appointed a committee to revise 
 the High Degrees, and in 1781 or 1782, created a Chamber of 
 the High Degrees, which labored at a revision of them. In 
 1786 this chamber reported four degrees, viz. : The " Elu," 
 " Ecossai," " Knight of t/ie East," and " Rose Crmx." These 
 four were adopted to be worked in addition to the three Sym- 
 bolic degrees. And it therefore decreed that no others should 
 be worked in the Lodges or Chapters, under her jurisdiction. 
 Thory, Levique, and others. The seven degrees thus arranged, 
 have since been practiced by the Grand Orient, and are known 
 all over the world, as the French or Modern Rite. 
 
 In thus doing, the Grand Orient, although in full possession 
 of the Scottish System, so-called, laid it aside, substituting the 
 rite of her own, and thus the rite — which she before had 
 used — became obsolete, or in other words " it slept." The rite 
 which the Grand Orient chose, was the embodiment of the Rite 
 of Perfection in its first eighteen degrees, reducing the num- 
 ber down to seven. But because she thus reduced the number 
 of working degrees, she did not part with or destroy anything 
 she before had ; she merely laid it aside. Thus the first lodge 
 in the kingdom in 1725 was a York lodge, and continued to 
 work in that rite for a great number of years, but it was 
 finally laid aside for another form of work. She did not lose 
 possession of the work because she laid it aside, but has it 
 still, and may resume it again if desired. 
 
 This, then, viz. : " The French Modern Rite," was the work 
 performed by the Grand Orient from 1782 down to 1804, 
 when De Grasse Tilly arrived with his, so-called, new rite, and 
 attempted to set it up as a rival to the Grand Orient. Where- 
 upon the Grand Orient claimed that the rite was not a new 
 one, but that she had always been in possession of it since 
 1758, had given it to Morin in 1761, and that it came back to 
 her by the hands of Germain Hacquet in 1803, in its pure and 
 
84 SCOTTISH RITE, ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED. 
 
 unadulterated state. That when she saw the rival body by 
 her side, and heard the claim made, she at once resuscitated 
 those degrees, which had then become obsolete, and establish- 
 ed the system for herself. A chamber was appointed in her 
 Consistory of Rites, she took possession of the degrees, and 
 this power she claims to have maintained ever since. 
 
 The Supreme Council claims as follows. 
 
 That the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite is an entire 
 new rite, consisting of thirty-three degrees, was founded in 
 Charleston, South Carolina, in 1802, and carried from thence 
 to France by the Count De Grasse Tilly, a Sovereign Grand 
 Inspector General Thirty-third degree, of the rite, in the year 
 1804, and there established by him, as a distinct rite, with all 
 its powers. 
 
 Mr. Lamarre says, page 38 ; 
 
 " The time of the establishment of the Sapreme Coancil in France, is as 
 perfectly well known as any other fact in history. It was established by the 
 Brother Count De Grasse Tilly, who had been made Sovereign Grand 
 Inspector Gieneral, at Charleston, and was appointed by the Supreme Council 
 at that place, Sovereign Commander for the leeward and windward French 
 islands of America, and its Representative there, on the 21st February, 1802, 
 by a Patent, an authentic copy whereof is in the archives at Charleston, and 
 by which, also, he was made Deputy Inspector of that Supreme Council for 
 the two Hemispheres." 
 
 [See Appendix, Doc. No. 39.] 
 
 Immediately after its formation, quarrels between the two 
 bodies commenced, on account of the Supreme Council, which 
 attempted to establish a Grand Lodge in its own rite, or 
 rather for acting itself in that capacity, by attempting to con- 
 fer the Symbolic degrees. A partizan warfare was carried on 
 for some time, when propositions were made, and acceded to, 
 for a treaty of amity, or a Concordat. " The worthy, prudent 
 and wise brethren felt the necessity of nipping in the bud, a 
 germ of division in the Masonic order of Prance. They com- 
 municated their views to the Deputies of the Grand Orient, 
 by whom they were readily adopted. Immediately the Grand 
 Orient appointed a committee, which met with an equal 
 number of Deputies of the Ancient and Accepted Rite. The 
 
EITE OF PERFECTION. 85 
 
 result was, the Concordat, or Act of Union, signed and sworn 
 to on the 5th December, 1804, the " Scottish Grand Lodge" 
 repairing for that purpose to the Hall of the Grand Orient. 
 
 The Concordat defines the composition, and names and 
 enumerates the Officers of the Grand Orient, and their and its 
 own powers and attributes. It recognises the Supreme 
 Council as an existing body, and assumes its continuance as a 
 distinct body, as being a matter of course, with varied and 
 important powers, and all its inherent, undefined functions 
 besides. Every Lodge and Chapter in France was to have a 
 representative, and those represented constituted the Masonic 
 Diet, called '' the Grand Orient," but there were also seven first 
 Grand Dignitaries for life, and one hundred and forty-eight 
 other officers, en exercice, who after serving nine years, became 
 Honorary Officers. 
 
 The Government was composed of a Symbolic General 
 Grand Lodge, and a General Grand Chapter, each composed 
 of eighty-one members, serving for different periods, of from 
 three to nine years. There was also a Grand Council of ap- 
 pellate powers. There was also a Grand Lodge of General 
 Administratioa, composed of twenty-one members. 
 
 The General Grand Chapter issued Letters Capitular, and 
 Briefs for the High Degrees. An appeal lay from its decision 
 to the Grand Council of Twenty-seven, or to the Sublime 
 Council of the Thirty -third degree. 
 
 The particular provisions as to the thirty-second and thirty- 
 third degrees, were these ; 
 
 The Grand Orient of France possesses in the General Grand 
 Chapter, the Grand Council of the Thirty-second Degree ; 
 and the Sublime or Supreme Grand Council, the Thirty-third 
 Degree. 
 
 The prerogatives of the Thirty-third degree, besides those 
 that appertain to its functions, are. To decide all questions in- 
 volving the point of honor, it can remove from office a Grand 
 Officer of the Grand Orient of France, upon complaint and accu- 
 sation, which it aUme can entertain, from that one of the bodies, 
 viz. ; the Symbolic Grand Lodge, the General Grand Chapter, 
 
86 SCOTTISH RITE, ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED. 
 
 arid the Grand Lodge of Administration, to which the officer 
 belongs, in the Masonic form." 
 
 The Supreme Council of the Thirty-third can alone correct 
 or revoke its own decisions. 
 
 The fourteen first degrees only could be conferred in Subor- 
 dinate Chapters, the fifteenth to the eighteenth inclusive, only 
 in the General Grand Chapter, the Thirty-third Degree 
 belongs exclusively to the Sublime Grand Council of that 
 degree, which alone can confer it. 
 
 Here, then, is painted, in full and glowing colors, the first 
 trap laid by the intrigueing Count de Grasse, to catch the 
 Grand Orient. It will be remembered that this Supreme 
 Grand Council of Sovereigns in Masonry, was a self consti- 
 tuted affair, with the Count De Grasse at its head for life, not 
 yet a year old, while the Grand Orient had been in existence 
 as a Grand Lodge, General Grand Chapter, or Grand Orient 
 for fifty years, was the ruling and governing body for 
 Masonry in Prance, and was composed of many of the first 
 men in the kingdom. And how it could be possible that the 
 Grand Orient should have been wheedled into the signing of 
 such a Concordat, got up by a few adventurers, who assumed to 
 themselves the high sounding title of " Sovereigns" in Masonry 
 does not appear, but it is true that the Concordat was signed. 
 
 This Concordat makes the Supreme Council an appellate 
 tribunal higher than the General Grand Chapter, and to 
 which an appeal lies to that body, while it secures to the 
 Supreme Council alone, the power to confer the Thirty- third 
 Degree, and the exclusive title to it. It gives the chapters no 
 power over any degree above the fourteenth, and even its 
 General Grand Chapter, no power over any above the 
 eighteenth, while it gives no power to any body, or officer, to 
 revise or correct the decisions of the Supreme Council, but 
 declares that it, the Supreme Council, alone can do so. It 
 secures to the Grand Council of the thirty-second the control 
 over the degrees from the eighteenth to the thirty-second, and 
 continues all the inherent powers of the Superior Council. 
 But it adds no members to it, makes no change in it, leaves it per- 
 manent, its members to hold for life, and in no way provides how 
 
EITB OP PERFECTION. 87 
 
 t^, or the Grand Council of the thirty-second shall be composed, or 
 vacancies in either filed, or what, or who, its officers shall he, or 
 how elected, or appointed. Here is the very counterpart of the 
 declarations made in the notable Charleston document, which 
 the Count de Grasse and his coadjutors, were anxious to have 
 carried out in France, and the developement of a scheme, 
 ■which, if it had been successful, would have so completely 
 robbed the Grand Orient of the powers to which it was justly 
 entitled, which it had been laboring for long years to attain 
 to, which were accorded to her by common consent of the 
 Masonic fraternity in France, that the Grand Orient itself 
 would have become the mere dependant and menial of these 
 adventurers, and placed in their hands the sceptre to govern it 
 altogether according to its pleasure. It would have been 
 virtually, a transfer of the powers of the Grand Orient to the 
 Supreme Grand Council of the thirty-third degree. 
 
 All this was done in December, 1804. 
 
 But the plan was not successful. The members of the 
 Grand Orient had had time for reflection, and as it would be 
 perfectly natural to suppose, they speedily came to a decision 
 upon the subject. For on the 21st July, 1805, the Grand 
 •Orient enacted a " Decretal" by which they professed to carry 
 out the Concordat. By it they created a " Grand Dieectory 
 OF Rites," to govern all the united rites, and be composed of 
 as many sections as there were rites, each section to be com- 
 posed of not less than three, nor more than five members. 
 This Directory was to take cognizance of every thing concern- 
 ing the dogma of each rite, and to it the correspondence of all 
 subordinate bodies was to be addressed, when relating to 
 dogma. 
 
 Boubee, Etudes sur la Franc Mag., p. 114, tells concisely in 
 what the difference consisted, that ended in annulling the Con- 
 cordat. The Grand Orient claimed, 
 
 " That the Union of all the degrees in one simple sphere of Masonic light, of 
 which IT, the Grand Orient, was the centre, gave it, the Grand Orient — alone, 
 the right to ride the Scottish Rite, concurrently with the French Rite, and conse- 
 quently THE SOLE EIGHT to confer the degrees, and grant Charters of 
 
 Constitution.'' 
 
88 SCOTTISH RITE, ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED. 
 
 In Other words, its claim was, that it could annul the 
 Supreme Council and merge it in itself by depriving it of all 
 its powers and functions, and transfer them to a Directory of 
 Rites. 
 
 " As the Grand Orient insisted on regarding the whole Scottish Eite as 
 merged in itself, the members of that rite met, to the number of eighty-one, 
 in general assembly, at the hotel of Marshal Kellerman, on the 6th September 
 1805, and decreed, that if, by the 15th of that month, the treaty were not re 
 stored to its integrity, and completely executed, it would be regarded as null 
 and void. This was notified to the Grand Orient, and conferences ensued, but 
 no good result followed. On the 16th at the last conference, the Grand Orient 
 insisted that the Supreme Council should not have jurisdiction to decide ques- 
 tions touching the point of honor, nor the power to remove an Officer of the 
 Grand Orient, on charges preferred and proven, nor should it, or the Council 
 of the Thirty-second, any longer sit in the General Grand Chapter." 
 
 Notice Hist. Sur I'Origine du Gr.-. 0.-. de Franc, &c., 1835, 
 page 16. 
 
 Consequently, on the 24th September, the Supreme Council, 
 treating the Concordat as annulled, organized a Grand Consis- 
 tory of Sublime Princes, Thirty-second degree, and on the 1st 
 of October, it made a decree concerning the exercise of its 
 dogmatic power. 
 
 Ragon, p. 312, says, 
 
 " On the 6th of September, the Grand Orient declares the Concordat broken, 
 and on the 16th of the same month, the Conunissioners of the Grand Orient, 
 and those of the Grand Scottish Lodge, signed a Convention, declaring the act 
 of Union annulled, in fact and in law." 
 
 Thory, Rebold, and Clavel, all confirm. 
 
 Clavel, Hist. Pitt., p. 245, gives a detailed account of the 
 causes that led to the rupture of the Concordat, 
 
 " That the majority of the Grand Orient, foreseeing tlmt the pretensions of the 
 Scottish Masons would be anjternal source of discord, were willing to let them 
 retire, if they could so arrange with them, that the Masonic peace should not 
 be disturbed. To this end conferences were had, and on the 16th September, 
 it was by common consent decreed, that the Supreme Council of the Thirty- 
 third degree, should thereafter have an independent existence, with the power 
 of granting Chapters and Diplomas for the degrees above the eighteenth, and 
 that the Scottish bodies, working the degrees below the nineteenth, should re- 
 main under the jurisdiction of the Grand Orient. The Philosophical Scottish 
 Rite— the Rite of Heredom, and in general, all the Masonic bodies, that had 
 
RITE OP PERFECTION, 89 
 
 by virtue of the Concordat, been united to the Grand Orient, equally resumed 
 their independence. — Only, in order that the Masonic Unity, broken by the 
 new order of things, might as far as possible, be re-established, the Prince 0am- 
 baceres officially informed the aathorities which thus separated from the Grand 
 Orient, that he was disposed to accept the functions of Grand Master over 
 eadi of them. Most of them agreed to this agreement, and the Prince thus be- 
 came the chief of almost all the systems practiced in France. The Count de 
 Grasse resigned in his favor, his Office of Grand Commander of the Ancient 
 and Accepted Rite on the 10th of July 1806, and established by the side of 
 the Supreme Council of France, the skeleton of a Council for the French pos- 
 sessions in America, in expectation of at some time, transporting his Council 
 to those possessions. 
 
 " Peace reigned in French Masonry from the latter part of the year 1805, 
 untU the downfall of the Great Emperor. The compact made in 1805 was 
 observed, both by the Grand Orient and the Supreme Council. But with the 
 fall of Napoleon, every thing was changed. The grand Orient on the 24th of 
 June 1814, at the Feast of St. John, knelt to the rising Sun, and the orators 
 in their addresses, enlarged ' on the joy which the whole Masonic community 
 felt, at seeing at length their legitimate king, surrounded by his august family ' 
 
 " With indecent haste, it declared the Grand Mastership, held by Joseph 
 Bonapart for life, to be vacant. In Paris the Lodges fraternized enthusiasti- 
 cally with the English, Russians, Wurtembnrgers, Saxons, Prussians, Austrians 
 &c., initiated many of them ; and at Marseilles the first public procession of 
 Free Masons that ever appeared in Prance, carried about the bust of Louis 
 XVin., and inaugurated it in their temple. And now, when the great men 
 who had protected the Scottish Rite; and the dignity and rights of the Supreme 
 Council, were dead, or in exile, the Grand Orient decreed, that, by virtue of 
 the Concordats made in 1773 with the Chapter of Clermont — in 1787 with 
 the Greneral Grand Chapter, and in 1804 with the Scottish Grand Lodge, it 
 re-took, or rather continued, hut in a more special manner, the exercise of the 
 powers that appertained to it, over ALL the rites. The Supreme Council re- 
 sisted this usurpation, and an angry polemic, and constant quarrel was kept up, 
 until on the 6th day of November 1841 ; on the report and recommendation 
 of the Brother de Sanlis, the Grand Orient formally recognized, all the bodies 
 of every degree, from the first to the 32d, created by the Supreme Council as 
 legal bodies, and authorized Masons under its own jurisdiction, to visit them, 
 and to open their temples to all brethren- under the jurisdiction of the Supreme 
 Council. — The war was never again revived." 
 
 It will be perceived that the above statements, much 
 colored, are given by a Bonapartist and a defender of the 
 Ancient and Accepted Rite, yet much of the truth is to be 
 gathered from what he has written. Nevertheless the Grand 
 Orient does now, and always has claimed, the whole Scottish 
 
90 SCOTTISH RITE, ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED. 
 
 system as its own, by right, defending the claim always, but at 
 the same time, tolerating the Supreme Council, and acknow- 
 ledging its acts in that system. In its circular of the 31st 
 July, 1819, it did insist, that in 1804, some Masons who had 
 returned from America, or fled from our colonies, brought 
 back to Paris the degrees which the same Orient had sent 
 thither in 1761, by the intervention of Stephen Morin, and 
 that those degrees had not left Prance, but the Grand Council, 
 established in the bosom of the National Grand Lodge ; after 
 it the General Grand Chapter of Prance ; and after 1787 the 
 Metropolitan Sovereign Chapter of the Grand Orient of 
 Prance, always possessed them. 
 
 Then, after stating the reduction in 1786, of the number of 
 working degrees to the number of four in the stead of fifteen, 
 it said, 
 
 " It was thus that the hand of time effaced in France, the memory of those 
 degrees which had gone forth from its bosom, and even that of some that were 
 exclusively French, and that they were brought back thither as strangers ; and 
 now claimed title to them." 
 
 It is true that the passage of these degrees from ours to a 
 foreign language, a different classification, new names, and 
 some additions, dexterously metamorphosed these degrees, the 
 aggregate whereof, thus combined, received the supposed title 
 of the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite. 
 
 Vassal contends that the Grand Lodge of France possessed 
 the Scottish Rite before it was known in the New World, and 
 that the Scottish Rite, brought into Prance by the Count De 
 Grasse, arbitrarily and abusively re-modelled, is the same as that 
 which the Grand Lodge had possessed for forty years. He 
 says, 
 
 " That the Ancient and Accepted Rite is the same aa that which the Grand 
 Lodge of France possessed, that the important degrees of the Ancient and Ac- 
 cepted Rite, are the same that were carried to the United States by Stephen 
 Morin, that most of the intercallated degrees are foreign to Scottish Masonry, 
 having been borrowed from other rites. 
 
 The claim of the Grand Orient, so long contested, has 
 always been maintained, although the result of the long 
 quarrel of thirty years or more, was the recognition of the 
 
The foUoicing Tn^lcuu shows a correct detail of the commencement of Masonri/ in Fra/ice in three degrees ; the additions made thereto in 1736, hij the Chev 
 
 the " RijTE OF Perfection " in 25 degrees in 1758 — its modification in France in 1786 to seven degrees, himcn as the "Modern French Rite — the transfer of the 25 
 degrees to America by Stephen Mori7i and his successors —the erection of a new system in Charleston, South Carolina, in 1801 
 
 System emanating from the Grand Oiient of France, and now practiced in the United States. 
 
 Ramsay — the commencement of 
 toaeiher tvith the true 
 
 coMinEiticeinENTof inAso:\RV 
 
 In France — 17'25. A. D. 
 
 1st. Entered Apprentice. 
 2d. Fellow Craft. 
 3d. Master Mason, with 
 Arch Instructions. 
 
 Royal 
 
 n»*». 
 
 4th. Ecossais. 
 
 5tli. Novice. 
 
 6th. Knight of the Temple. 
 
 p 
 
 Q. 
 C- 
 
 The Grand Orient modifies iLis " Rile 
 of Perfection" of 1758. It is cut 
 down or condensed into Seven de 
 prees, as follows : and is now known 
 us the " Modem French Rite." 
 1st. Entered Apprentice. 
 2d. EcUow Craft. 
 3d. Master Mason. 
 4lh. Ela. 
 5 th. Ecossais. 
 (ith. Knight of the East. 
 Tlh. Sovereign Prince of Hose -|- 
 de Ueredom. 
 
 _2 
 
 RITE OF PERFECTION. 
 
 Instituted in Tarin in 1758, and practiced 
 by the late Councils of Kmperors of the Ea8t 
 and West . 
 
 1. Entered Apprentice. 
 
 2. Fellow Craft. 
 
 3. Master Mason. 
 
 4. Secret Master. 
 
 5. Perfect Master. 
 
 6. Intimate Secretary. 
 
 7. Intendant of the Buildings. 
 
 8. Provost and Judge. 
 
 9. Elect of 9. 
 
 10. Elect of 15. 
 
 11. III. Elect, Chief of the Twelve Tribes. 
 
 12. (irand Master Architect. 
 
 13. Royal Arch. 
 
 14. Grand Elect, Senior Perfect Mason. 
 
 15. Knight of the Sword. 
 
 16. Prince of Jerusalem. 
 
 17. Knight of the East and West. 
 IH. Knight of Rose Croix. 
 
 19. Grand Pontiff. 
 
 20. Grand Patriarch. 
 
 21 . Grand Master of Key of Masonry. 
 
 22. Prince of Libanus. 
 
 23. Sovereign Prince Adept, Cliief (if the 
 
 Grand ('onaistory. 
 
 24. Illustrious Knight Commander of the 
 
 White and Black Eagle. 
 2.1. Most Illnstrious Sovereign Prince of 
 Ma.sonry, (irand Knight, .Sublime 
 Commander of the Royal Secret. 
 
 2i;. 
 
 27. 
 28. 
 29. 
 30. 
 31. 
 32. 
 33. 
 
 DEGREES AGREED UPON 
 
 September "J'Jnd 1762, as being tlioge of tlie 
 doctrine of the Council of Emperors of East 
 and West , by the Commissioners of said Cuun- 
 cil, and by those of P. R. S. at Bordeaux, 
 granted to Steplien .Morin. 
 
 Entered Apprentice. 
 
 Fellow Craft. 
 
 Master Mason. 
 
 Secret Master. 
 
 Perfect Master. 
 
 Intimate Secretary. 
 
 Intendant of the Buildings. 
 
 Provost and Judge. 
 
 Elect of the 9. 
 
 Elect of the 15. 
 
 Illustrious Elect, Chief of the Tribes. 
 
 Grand Master Architect. 
 
 Royal Arch. 
 
 Grand Elect, Senior Perfect Mason. 
 
 Knight of the Sword. 
 
 Prince of Jerusalem. 
 
 Knight of the East and West. 
 
 Knight (if Rose Croi.\. 
 
 Grand Pontitf, Master ad vitain. 
 
 tJrand Patriarch. 
 
 (irand Master of the K(^ of Masonry. 
 
 Prince of Libanus, Knt. of Royal ,\xe. 
 
 Sovereign Prince Adept. Chief of the 
 
 (irand Consistory. 
 Illustrious Knight Commander of the 
 
 White and Black Eagle. 
 Most Illustrious Sovereign Prince of 
 Ma-sonry, (irand Knight, Sublime 
 
 Commander of the Royal Secret. 
 
 TWENTY-FIVE DEGREES 
 
 liipurted to America by Stephen .Morin. ac 
 eoriiu:; tn the declaration of the Council of 
 
 Olillr-l.iTl 
 
 Entjrid Apprentice. 
 
 Felbw Craft. 
 
 Maier Mason. 
 
 Secit Master. 
 
 Pei^x-t Master. 
 
 Intinatc Secretary. 
 
 Inteidant of the Buildings. 
 
 Proost and tJudge. 
 
 Eleit of the 9. 
 
 Knight Elect of the 15. 
 
 Ilhutrious Knight of the twelve Tribes. 
 
 (iriuil .Master Architect. 
 
 Knt,'lil of the Royal Arch. 
 
 (irmd Senior Elect. 
 
 Kni;ht of the Sword. 
 
 Prikc of Jerusalem. 
 
 Kiii;lit of the East and West. 
 
 Kimlit of Rose Croix. 
 
 Gi'mcl Pontiff, Master ud vilnm. 
 
 (iimil Patriarch. 
 
 (irlitl Master of the Key, 
 
 I'rice of Libanus, Royal Axe. 
 
 Price Adept, Chiif of the (irand 
 
 I'ciiHistory. 
 lllisdious Knight Comnianiler of the 
 
 '.\ liitc and Black ICagle. 
 .Hcisl Illustrious Sovereign Prince of 
 
 Masonry, (irand Knight, Sublime, 
 
 Comiuander of the Royal Secret. 
 
 THIRTY-THREE DEGREES 
 
 Conferred bv the Supreme Council of Charles- 
 ton in 1S02. 
 
 Entered Apprentice. 
 Fellow Craft. 
 Master Mason. 
 Secret Master. 
 Perfect Master. 
 Intimate Secretary. 
 Provost and Judge. 
 Intendant of the Buildings. 
 Knight Elect of the 9. 
 Illustrious Elect of the 15. 
 Sublime Knight Elect. 
 Grand blaster Architect. 
 Royal Arch. 
 Perfection. 
 
 Knight of the East. 
 
 Prince of Jerusalem. 
 
 Knight of the East and Wesl. 
 
 Sov. Prince Rose Croix de Ueiedoni. 
 
 (irand PontilT. 
 
 (irand Master of all Symbolic Lodges. 
 
 Patriarch Noachite, Prussian Knight. 
 
 Prince of Libanus. 
 
 Chief of the Tabernacle. 
 
 Prince of the Tabernacle. 
 
 Prince of .Mercy. 
 
 Knight of Brazen Serpent. 
 Commander of the Temple. 
 Knight of the Sun. 
 Kadosch. 
 
 ( Prince of the Royal Secret. 
 
 I Prince of the Royal Secret. 
 
 ( Prince of the Royal Secret. 
 Sovereign Grnud Inspector (ieneral. 
 
 THIRTY-THREE DEGREES 
 
 Forming the System of the tirand ttrient of 
 France, the Original Authority of the Scot- 
 tish Rite, Ancient and vVccepted. 
 
 Entered Apprentice. 
 
 Fellow Craft. 
 
 Master Mason. 
 
 Secret Master. 
 
 Perfect Master. 
 
 Intimate Secretary 
 
 Provost and Judge. 
 
 Intendant of the Building^i. 
 
 Master Elect of the 9. 
 
 Master Elect of the 15. 
 
 Sublime Knight Elect. 
 
 Grand .Master Architect. 
 
 Royal Arch. 
 
 Grand Scottish of the Sacred Vault of 
 
 James 2d. 
 Knight of the Kast or Sword. 
 Prince of Jerusalem. 
 Knight of the East and Wesl. 
 Sovereign Prince Ro.se Croiv. 
 lirand Pontiff, Sublime Scot. 
 True Grand MiLstor of all Lodges. 
 Noachite, or Prussian Knight. 
 Royal Axe, or Prince of Libanus. 
 Chief of the Tabernacle. 
 
 Prince of the Tabernacle. 
 
 Knight of the Bi-azen Serpent. 
 
 Prince of Mercy. 
 
 Sovereign Commander of the 'I'emple. 
 Knight of the Sun, Prince Adept. 
 Grand Scot, of St. Andrew of Scotland. 
 Grand Elect, Knight of Kadosch. 
 Gr. Inquisitor, Inspector, (Commander. 
 Sovereign Prince of the Royal Secret. 
 Sovereign Grand Inspector General. 
 
 THIRTY-THREE DEGREES 
 
 Forming the System of the Supreme lirand 
 Council for the United States of .\oK-iica, 
 their Territories and Dependencies.— ISuT. 
 
 Cut 
 off. 
 
 Entered Apprentice. 
 
 Fellow Craft. 
 
 Master Mason. 
 
 Secret Master. 
 
 Perfect Master. 
 
 Intimate Secretary. 
 
 Provost and Judge. 
 
 Intendant of the Buildings. 
 
 Master Elect of the 9. 
 
 Master Elect of the 15, 
 
 Sublime Knight Elect. 
 
 (iraud Master Architt>ct. 
 
 Royal Arch. 
 
 Grand, Elect, Perfect and Sublime 
 
 Mason. 
 Knight of the East or Sword. 
 Prince of Jerusalem. 
 Knight of the East and West. 
 Sovereign Prince Rose -)-de Hercdoni- 
 Grand Pontiff. 
 
 Grand Master of all Symbolic Lndges- 
 Xoaehite, or Prussian Knight. 
 Prince of Libanus. 
 Chief of the Tabernacle. 
 
 Prince of the Tabernacle. 
 
 Knight of the Brazen Serpent. 
 
 Prince of Mercy. 
 
 Sovereign t'ommander of the Temple. 
 
 Knight of the Sun. 
 
 (irand Scot, of St. Andrew of Scolland. 
 
 (irand Elect, Knight of Kadosch. 
 
 Gr. Intiuisitor, Inspector, Commander. 
 
 Sovereign Prince of the Royal Secret. 
 
 Sovereign Grand Inspector General. 
 
 IM.iTE in. 
 
 J 
 
RITE OP PERFECTION. 91 
 
 Supreme Council by the Grand Orient, so far as having the 
 right to administer her own degrees, but no other degrees 
 concurrently with the Grand Orient. In other words, the 
 Supreme Council was tolerated by the Grand Orient, and 
 allowed to confer the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite, 
 provided she did not interfere with the Grand Orient in doing 
 precisely the same thing. 
 
 The substance of the history, of which the attempt has been 
 made, to give a very brief abstract, is as follows. Although 
 there had been, before the commencement of the present cen- 
 tury, much contention and strife among the Masons of Prance, 
 yet those commotions had all been subdued, by the establish- 
 ment of the Grand Orient, which gathered within itself, and 
 under its control, all the then existing rites of Masonry, and 
 from that time until 1804, peace reigned among the brethren 
 throughout the length and breadth of the Empire. But on the 
 arrival of the Count de Grasse from America, with the new 
 rite, as he chose to call it, and the establishment of a Supreme 
 Council, in that rite, with a Scottish Grand Lodge, as a rival 
 to the Grand Orient, the war was renewed with great zeal. 
 
 The powers which this Council claimed, the doctrines which 
 it promulgated, and the innovations upon old and established 
 usages and laws, which it attempted to introduce, were quite 
 strange and unheard of. The Grand Orient at once declared 
 herself possessed of all the degrees which the Count de Grasse 
 and his Council pretended to have, and assumed the control 
 over them.' The war between the two bodies was severe, 
 especially as De Grasse had turned the whole matter into a 
 political machine, his Supreme Council being composed of 
 Bonapartists, and the Grand Orient of Royalists. 
 
 On the downfall of the Empire, and the restoration of Louis 
 XVIII, in 1814, the Bonapartists who composed the Supreme 
 Council, fled from France, and became exiled, while the Grand 
 Orient, or Royal party paid their allegiance to the returning 
 monarch, and became high in favor. To use their own lan- 
 guage " the Supreme Council after this went to skep," and the 
 Orient, taking all power into its own hands, became the 
 reigning body, and continues so down to the present time. 
 
 ' See riato P. 
 
92 SCOTTISH RITE, ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED. 
 
 But the rise of the Grand Orient did not crush out the 
 Supreme Council. It continued its work, and became again 
 a ruling body in its own rite, but no more. It continued to 
 establish subordinate bodies, but had no connection whatever 
 with the Grand Orient as before, either by authority or by 
 association. The Supreme Council was tolerated. Meantime, 
 many volumes had been written by the partizans of both sides 
 upon the subject of the merits of both, an abstract from which 
 has been given. In 1841 the Grand Orient acknowledged all 
 the bodies created by the Supreme Council, and since that 
 time Peace has reigned between them. 
 
 For all this trouble and commotion, the Masons of Prance 
 have to thank the Count De Grasse. He was always known 
 there by the cognomen of " the intrigueing Count." He car- 
 ried the degrees with him from Charleston to Paris. As far 
 as they are concerned, all parties, without any exception, 
 admit that the same degrees, to the number of twenty-five 
 which Stephen Morin carried away with him from France, in 
 1761, were brought back in 1803, in their unadulterated state, 
 by Germain Hacquet, and passed from his hands into those of 
 the Grand Orient. The same degrees were brought to Prance 
 by the Count De Grasse, in 1804. In reference to the other 
 degrees, five or six in number, which are additional, those 
 (with the exception of the Thirty-third, which was manu- 
 factured in Charleston,) were all in the possession of the 
 Grand Orient before, but were termed, like a great many 
 others, " obsolete." But whether they were so, or not, is a 
 matter of very little consequence. The Grand Orient in a 
 circular, issued in 1819, thus speaks, 
 
 " That in 1773 she suspended working the High degrees, and that the hand 
 cf time effaced the remembrance of them in Prance, that she had not worked 
 them for more than thirty years, when De Grasse established his Supreme 
 Council in Paris." 
 
 It would appear by the historian's account, that a commit- 
 tee was appointed by the Grand Orient, to revise and correct 
 all the degrees of the rite. This work they performed, and 
 an account of their opinions concerning the merits of each 
 degree would be highly entertaining. Those opinions, not the 
 
RITE OF PERFECTION. 93 
 
 products of partizans but of a regular committee appointed 
 by the Grand Orient, would present a sad picture. They have 
 not publicly pronounced them useless and absurd. But they 
 have cut them off and substituted four degrees in the place of 
 fifteen, which is a plainer expression of their opinions than a 
 long written report. 
 
 But the defenders of the new rite declare, that it was for 
 this very reason that they established the new rite, and called 
 it by a new name. They pretend to say, that it is a Reforma- 
 tion, that all the degrees have been remodelled, and a com- 
 plete system made out of all the rites, centering in this erne. 
 Now, if this be true, why, or how does it happen that the 
 twenty-five degrees of the Rite of Perfection given to Stephen 
 Morin, in 1761, and carried back by Germain Hacquet in 
 1802 or 1803, the twenty-five degrees of the Charleston body 
 known before 1801, as the Rite of Perfection, and subsequent 
 to that date all those degrees remaining the same but placed 
 under different numbers — the twenty-five degrees of the Grand 
 Orient of France, as well as the Supreme Council, and the 
 twenty-five degrees of our own Council in New York, are all 
 the same to a letter ? There surely has been no reform there. 
 Nothing has been taken from them, nor have any additions 
 been made. The Charleston people have simply made Kadosh 
 the twenty-ninth, the Prince of the Royal Secret has served for 
 three degress, viz. : thirtieth, thirty-first and thirty-second, so 
 that the number would be twenty-seven instead of the ori. 
 ginal number twenty-five ; then they have crowded in the 
 ^' Commander of the Temple," and three other degrees, and 
 manufactured an entire new article, viz. : the Thirty-third, to 
 set off the whole. And although they pretend to say that the 
 whole are different, and the rite a new one, yet of the falsity 
 of this assertion, any candid person can be readily convinced, 
 as there are now at hand in this city many complete copies of 
 the degrees, as they came from the hands of Stephen Morin 
 and coadjutors, at Charleston, all of which, date long anterior 
 to the year 1804, and by comparing the whole of them, they 
 will be found to be alike in every letter. 
 
 It is true, however, that the degrees have been altered many 
 
94 SCOTTISH RITE, ANCIENT AND 'ACCEPTED. 
 
 times since 1804. Emanuel De la Motta began the work in 
 1814, by the addition of several new degrees to the Schedule, 
 as will be noticed shortly, and since that time, they have been 
 remodelled twice, the last alterations having taken place be- 
 tween 1850 and 1860, by the hands of Albert Pike, Albert 
 Gr. Mackey, and others, appointed for that purpose by the 
 Charleston body. And the alterations made by the Grand 
 Orient, are said to have been many, but whether any, or all of 
 these alterations have improved the degrees themselves, is a 
 matter of doubt. So long as the foundation remains as it is, 
 the superstructure cannot be improved by any decorations that 
 can be placed upon it by any human hand. 
 
 One more quotation concerning the Supreme Council of 
 France, and its quarrels with the Grand Orient, based upon 
 the right which it claimed, to administer the Symbolic Lodges 
 of the rite, will close, for the present, this part of the subject. 
 Dr. Oliver says : 
 
 " In 1804 a new Grand Lodge, or a new organization of an Ancient rite, 
 which was attempted by the formation of a Supreme Council of the Bite Bcos- 
 sais Ancien et Accepte, made rapid progress in public opinion, and became so 
 formidable, that the Grand Orient thought it prudent to hold out terms of con- 
 ciliation. Indeed, the contending Grand Lodges began to be aware, that great 
 mischief to the Society in general might be produced by such an appearance 
 of insubordination : and the two chief parties, the G-rand Orient and the Su- 
 preme Council (the former having now adopted all the Thirty-three degrees 
 which had been re-imported from America in the preceding year), were mutually 
 desirous of some equitable compromise. — Practicing the same Eite, they, at 
 length, consented to a Union, in the enjoyment of equal privileges ; but the 
 details appear to have been inadequately arranged, for disputes arose among 
 the Grand Officers, and in the succeeding year the bond of affinity was broken 
 and the Covenant annulled. So much confusion was created by the measure, 
 that my limits will not suffer me to enter on the subject : but the Grand Orient 
 was desirous of being considered the head of the Thirty-three degrees in France, 
 and authorized its Lodges to collect and practice other additional degrees ; but 
 they excluded from their system the Order of Misraim : while the Supreme 
 Council of the Rite Ancien endeavored to extend its influence by the establish- 
 ment in Paris, of a Grand Consistory of Princes of the Eoyal Secret, and in- 
 stalled the officers on the 24th of September 1805. 
 
 " It appears that in 1827 the breach was not healed ; fcr, in an investigation 
 of the merits of Free Masonry by a Committee of the Legislature of Massachu- 
 setts, United States, it is recorded that a controversy then existed for Masonic 
 
KITE OP PEEPBOTION. 95 
 
 Bnpremacy between the above bodies, both claiming the right of exclusive in- 
 terchange of diplomatic relations with the Supreme CounoU of America. 
 (Gourgaa.) A Ballustre or document, engrossed in common, by the Supreme 
 Councils of New York and Charleston, addressed to the Supreme Council of 
 France, dated May 1st 1827, was deposited at the General Secretary's office 
 at Paris, by Brother Houssement, with the endorsement ' The Mason who en- 
 trusted me with this deposite desires to be unknown.' The Grand Orient took 
 possession of the document and opened a negociation and correspondence with 
 the Supreme Council of America, claiming to be the only authorized regulator 
 of Masonry in France. The Supreme Council of the Kite Ancien et Accepte, 
 hearing this circumstance, entered a formal protest against the assumption, and 
 complained of the deceitful practices of the Grand Orient, to turn the Supreme 
 Council of France away from a correspondence with them, and engage it in 
 their own. And to substantiate their claim to the highest Masonic authority 
 in France, documents were forwarded to the American Supreme OouncilVhich, 
 as it appears, was deemed satisfactory ; for we subsequently find that body en- 
 gaged in a correspondence with the Supreme Council of France, and appoint- 
 ing a Minister to reside near the Masonic power." 
 
 Again, 
 
 " The Grand Orient and the Supreme Council of the Eite Anciene, have 
 once more come to an amicable understanding, for in December 1841, a meet- 
 ing was holden in Paris, attended by more than three hundred brethren, on mat- 
 ters of controversy between the Grand Orient and the Supreme Council : and 
 it was resolved that the Lodges under the jurisdiction of the Grand Orient be 
 authorized to admit to their works, brethren hailing under the Supreme Coun- 
 cil : and that members hailing under the Grand Orient be entitled to visit the 
 works of the Supreme Council. — But it appears improbable, that they will 
 ever cordially assimilate, without great and almost organic changes in the 
 Constitutions of both : for the former (the Grand Orient), having a Bepubli- 
 can tendency, and the latter being Monarchial and Aristocratical, the chances 
 of a permanent Union between them are not very great." 
 
 We will now return to the Supreme Council of Charleston, 
 the assumed parent of the Ancient and Accepted Scottish 
 Rite. They state in their circular, that it was established in 
 May, 1801. And in order to prove the newness of the rite, 
 they have given very full, and complete evidence, by the pro- 
 duction of Patents deposited in the Archives, and other docu- 
 ments, that not one of the Inspectors appointed by Morin, or 
 his coadjutors, were higher in Masonry than the Twenty-fifth 
 J degree, or Prince of the Royal Secret. The question again 
 ' comes up, viz. : Who were the persons that formed this 
 Supreme Council of the Thirty-third degree ? And where 
 
 ' Cerneau. 
 
96 SCOTTISH KITE, ANCIENT AND ACCKFTBD. 
 
 did they get that degree, or the power to confer it ? The 
 testimony is perfectly clear and indisputable, that neither 
 Morin, nor Frankin, nor Hayes, nor Long, nor Forst, nor any 
 of the others, had it in possession until May, 1801, when the 
 Circular declares that, 
 
 " John Mitchell and Frederick Dalcho, Sovereign Grand Inspectors Gene- 
 ral, opened the Supreme Council of the Thirty-third degree for the United 
 States of America in Charleston, and in the course of the year 1802, the num- 
 ber of Inspectors General were completed, agreeably to the Constitutions." 
 
 And these parties sign their names as such, to the document 
 of December 4th, 1802. But their Patents have never been 
 produced, nor has any evidence ever yet been given, that they 
 came in possession of the Thirty-third degree in a regular and 
 lawful manner. They then give the degree to Count De 
 Grass Tilly, De la Hogue, and De la Motta, in February, 1802, 
 and appoint the Count, Grand Commander for life, in the 
 French West India Islands, and De la Hogue, his Lieutenant, 
 (See De Grasse's power. Appendix.) They also received 
 Emanuel De la Motta, Abraham Alexander, Thomas B. Bowen, 
 Israel de Leiben, Isaac Auld, Moses C. Levy and James Moul- 
 trie, all during the year 1802. And at the close of the year 
 their Circular declares the council to be constituted as follows : 
 
 John Mitchell, M. P. Sov.'. Gr.-. Commander. 
 
 Frederick Dalcho, Lieut. Gr.*. Commander. 
 
 Emanuel De La Motta, Treasurer General, H.". B.'. 
 
 Abraham Alexander, Secretary General, H.\ E.*. 
 
 Thomas B. Bowen, Grand Master of Ceremonies. 
 
 Israel De Lieben, Sov.*. Gr.-. Insp.*. Gen. 
 
 Moses C. Levy, Sov.*. Gr.\ Insp.". Gen. 
 
 James Moultrie, Sov.*. Gr.-. Insp.-. Gen. 
 Immediately after the announcement of the completion of 
 the Council, they state, that Constitutive Charters were deliv- 
 ered under the Seal of the Grand Council of Princes of Jeru- 
 salem for the establishment of a Lodge of " Master Mark Ma- 
 scms " in Charleston. It is well known that this degree does 
 not belong to the rite, and is no part of it, but is strictly a 
 Chapter degree, in the York Rite. It was embodied into that 
 system between the years 1797 and 1800, and became the fourth 
 
RITE OP PERFECTION. 97 
 
 degree in that rite. Before that time, it was worked by Blue 
 Lodges, in the same way as the Royal Arch degree, viz. : by 
 the Officers of a Blue Lodge, in a Lodge opened for the pur- 
 pose, and called by name a " Mark Lodge." They had no 
 power whatever to do this act, and clearly manifested a dispo- 
 sition to interfere with the regularly established system of 
 Masonry of the country, because there were in existence at the 
 time they granted this Charter, and had been for years, regu- 
 lar bodies of the York Rite, to whom application for the power 
 should have been made. 
 
 " On the 4th of December, 1802, Constitutive Charters were delivered un- 
 der the Seal of the Grand Council of Princes of Jerusalem, for the establish- 
 ment of a Sublime Grand Lodge in Savannah, Georgia." 
 
 Further than this no record appears. It is true, the fact of 
 granting a Charter for the purpose of establishing a Sublime 
 Grand Lodge in Savannah is mentioned, but the names of the 
 parties to whom that Charter was granted, do not appear, nor 
 is any mention made of the manner in which the parties be- 
 came possessed of the degrees. This then becomes a matter 
 of some interest, and the endeavor will be made to clear up the 
 mystery. 
 
 The name of Abraham Jacobs has been already mentioned, 
 and will be more particularly dwelt upon in its proper place. 
 It will be sufficient to state here, that we find him in Savannah 
 in May, 1792, to which place he came from Jamaica, West In- 
 dies, and was, according to his own statement, a "Knight of 
 the Sun." He was a Jew, and had made some noise in Savan- 
 nah among Masons, concerning his Masonic knowledge and 
 acquirements. In the course of a short time after his arrival, 
 the curiosity of many members of the fraternity became excited, 
 and they applied to him for the degrees which he professed to 
 have a legal power to confer. By referring to his Register 
 and Diary in the Appendix, it will be seen that the application 
 was made to him by Godfrey Zimmerman, of Augusta, Georgia, 
 under the pretext of establishing a Sublime Grand Lodge in 
 that city. Which appears the more strange, because there was 
 already in Charleston a Grand Council of Princes of Jerusa- 
 
98 SCOTTISH RITE, ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED. 
 
 lem, wHch had been established for several years, was well 
 known, and if such were the wishes of the parties, it was most 
 clearly their duty to have applied there, in order, first to re- 
 ceive the degrees, and second to obtain from the Council the 
 proper power to establish a Lodge of those degrees. But 
 Jacobs would, in this case have lost his fees, which were by no 
 means small, and knowing that the applicants had no idea of 
 establishing a Lodge of the kind, based on his own individual 
 authority, he said nothing about it, but under that pretext, 
 went forward with the work. The letter of Mr. Zimmerman 
 is contained in the Diary in full, and gives the full assurance 
 and pledge, that his demands shall be freely complied with. 
 
 On the 9th of June, it appears he had made all his arrange- 
 ments with the parties, and was in Augusta to do the work. 
 The brethren there requested to see his Masonic authority and 
 papers, and, as a matter of course, were gratified with an ex- 
 amination of the same. What that authority, and those papers 
 were, will be shown in the proper place. These being satis- 
 factory, the next morning produced sixteen Masons, who were 
 in waiting to receive the Sublime degrees at his hands. Their 
 names are given in full in the Diary. 
 
 The conferring of the degrees occupied him and them until 
 July 3d, nearly one month, when havitig received his pay, and 
 having had all his expenses paid, such as travelling, board, &c., 
 he returned to Savannah, to wait for the next set of customers. 
 His part of the performance was finished, but the rest of the 
 plan was not carried out. He says in his Diary — 
 
 January 25th, 1800. I returned to Augusta and found 
 Brother Urquhart in possession of the drafts, and other copies 
 that I left for their use, the 3d of July, 1792, but no Lodge or 
 Council had been formed or established, !fc. 
 
 This Jacobs knew would be the case before he conferred 
 the degrees, and merely used that pretence for an excuse or 
 license, as he well knew that he had no legal right whatever to 
 perform any such work. 
 
 It appears again by the Diary that in 1796, in the month of 
 April, he conferred the degrees on John Clarck, in Savannah. 
 In November following, he received an application from four- 
 
EITE OF PERFECTION. 99 
 
 teen brethren in Washington, Wilkes County, Georgia, and find- 
 ing that the petitioners were all men of responsibility, and that 
 no Lodge was established at Augusta or likely to be, he complied 
 with their requests, started immediately from Savannah, 
 arrived at Washington on the 23d, and immediately proceeded 
 with his work. It occupied him until December 26th, when 
 having received his " pay " he returned to Savannah. While 
 engaged there, he also conferred the degrees on Wm. Stythe, 
 Deputy Grand Master of the State. In 1797, he returned to 
 Washington, and conferred the degrees, up to the Prince of 
 Jerusalem, on seven of the brethren before mentioned. But 
 this plan, like the former one, failed in being carried into 
 effect, as no Lodge of Perfection, or Council of Princes, was 
 ever formed in that place. But Jacobs got his money, and 
 that was about all the plan he ever had in view. 
 
 In December, 1801, he began to confer the degrees upon a 
 new set, taking the persons as they offered themselves, and 
 could pay the fee. The whole number received at that time, 
 down to July 29th, 1802, was twelve. There were some added 
 afterwards. In the month of November following, Emanuel 
 De La Motta visited Savannah in great pomp, and was intro- 
 duced to the meeting of these brethren as Kadosh, Prince of 
 the Royal Secret, Sovereign Grand Inspector General of the 
 Thirty-third and last degree. Member of the Supreme Council, 
 and Treasurer General of the Holy Empire. (See proceedings 
 in the Diary of this date.) November 9th he was present at 
 the meeting, took the Chair, and conferred several degrees. 
 The brethren subsequently formed themselves into a Conven- 
 tion, and resolved to apply for a Warrant of Constitution to 
 the Supreme Council of Charleston, establishing a Sublime 
 Lodge in Savannah. They named Jacobs for their Sublime 
 Grand Master, and the other brethren were placed in the 
 various offices of the body. They subsequently annulled all 
 former proceedings, and applied for a Grand Council of 
 Princes of Jerusalem. The application was accompanied by a 
 letter from Jacobs, to his bosom friend, De La Motta, which is 
 rather an interesting document. The Warrant was granted as 
 a matter of course, a Brother Placid was sent forward from 
 
100 SCOTTISH RITE, ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED. 
 
 Charleston with the documents, he arrived December 30th, 
 1802, installed the officers and received ($50) fifty dollars. 
 
 This is the Council mentioned in the Document as being 
 chartered in Savannah. Jacobs had got the money in his 
 pocket given to him by these brethren for the degrees, and it 
 is perfectly clear, that if Jacobs had the power, and the right 
 to cmfer the degrees, these brethren, on receiving them, had 
 the same power which he possessed, and could have conferred 
 them upon any one who made the application, as well as 
 Jacobs. There was, therefore, no need of their applying to 
 the Supreme Council at Charleston for a Warrant. This the 
 brethren of Augusta and Washington knew, and therefore 
 never troubled their heads about it, but went on and conferred 
 the degrees whenever an opportunity occurred. But De La 
 Motta, being a shrewd man, and unwilling to let the fee slip, 
 managed matters in such a way as to bring about the applica- 
 tion. 
 
 We shall have occasion to speak more particularly of De 
 La Motta, as he occupies quite a prominent position in the his- 
 tory of the degrees as will be seen hereafter. 
 
 The number of brethren received by Jacobs in Savannah — 
 Augusta and Washington — is forty-five, as recorded in his 
 Diary. How many more he may have received in that section, 
 does not appear, but it may be safely said, that he never let a 
 good opportunity slip, that occupation in connection with the 
 teaching a school for Hebrew children being his principal de- 
 pendance. Document 15. 
 
 The Supreme Council, after the year 1802, did not accom- 
 plish much, but seemed to remain in a state of repose. It 
 dwindled down to five members by the year 1813 : Abraham 
 Alexander, Thomas B. Bowen, Israel De Lieben and Moses C. 
 Levy having either died or removed from the jurisdiction. 
 The members of the Council as published in the year 1813 is 
 as follows : 
 
 John Mitchell, Frederick Dalcho, 
 
 Emanuel De La Motta, Isaac Auld, 
 James Moultrie, 
 
RITE OF PERFECTION. 101 
 
 By referring to Articles 19, 20, 26 and 28 of the Constitu- 
 tion of the Supreme Council of Charleston, published in 1859, 
 it will be seen that the power is still given to Sovereign 
 Grand Inspectors General and Deputy Inspectors, to confer 
 the degrees at any time, upon any one, where there is no Con- 
 sistory of Sublime Princes of the Royal Secret. 
 
 It also takes to itself the control of the Royal and Select 
 Masters degrees, establishes Councils of the same, and places 
 the sum of twenty dollars as the price of a Charter for that 
 Council. 
 
 This is another evidence which that body has manifested 
 from the very beginning, of its grasping propensities. By what 
 right do they claim to exercise control over these degrees ? At 
 the formation of their body in 1802, they published a Schedule, 
 containing a list of the degrees over which they claimed exclu- 
 sive authority. These degrees are not among the number. 
 But after completing their list of the " Rite" they mention 
 quite a number of degrees in the possession of individual Inspec- 
 tors not in the rite, but isolated, as the " Elect of Twenty-Seven," 
 the " Royal Arch of DMin,' six degrees of the "Masonry of 
 Moption," the " Scottish Fellow Craft," the " Scottish Master," 
 the " Scottish Chand Master,^' &c., which are conferred free of 
 expense. Among these degrees which they there declare " iso- 
 lated," is to be found the " Select Master " or Elect of Twenty- 
 seven. (See Document No. 7.) Thus they continued isolated 
 until 1845, when the body was re-established, and these degrees 
 were taken up by them. They have since conferred them, sold 
 Charters for conferring them, and have adopted them into their 
 Constitution. 
 
 The argument which they make use of to justify this act — 
 viz., " that the degrees were brought to this country by their 
 Inspectors and conferred by them," is a very weak one. This 
 gives no authority whatever. If it does, why not claim the 
 " degrees of Adoption," and confer them in the Council, and 
 sell charters for them ? Why not all the other degrees ? 
 
 We know that Henry A. Francken conferred them at Albany, 
 New York, in 1767, and Hays in Boston, Massachusetts, and 
 Providence, Rhode Island, in 1781 ; also Abraham Jacobs in 
 
102 SCOTTISH RITB, ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED. 
 
 Savannah, Georgia, in 1790, and in New York city in 1804. 
 We know that all the Inspectors of that school conferred them, 
 and many more degrees besides, for tlieir own pecuniary profit. 
 But none of them ever claimed authority over them, or made 
 them a part of the " Rite.'' They were given as detatched, or 
 side degrees. 
 
 The reverse of this was the case with the Sovereign Grand 
 Consistory. From this body came the system of Templars 
 now practiced here, also the Council degrees of Royal and 
 Select Masters. But not with a view of claiming authoritv 
 over them, or connecting them with the rite. On the contrary, 
 when a sufficient number were initiated, they were required to 
 form an Encampment, and as soon as the requisite number of 
 Encampments were formed, immediately a Grand Encamp- 
 ment for the State was formed by them, which then became a 
 separate and distinct power, -governing itself. The same pre- 
 cisely was the case with the Council degrees of Royal and Se- 
 lect Master. Although these two powers have been distinct 
 from all others for moi-e than forty years, yet in the first 
 instance they came from the hands of the much abused Cerneau 
 and his Sovereign Grand Consistory. 
 
 A very full account of the organization of the Grand En- 
 campment of the State of Xew York, in the year 1814, by the 
 Sovereign Grand Consistory, may be found iu the published 
 " Proceedings of the Grand Encampment of the State of J^ew 
 York." Also an account of the " Royal and Select Master," 
 in Mitchell's History, Yol. 1, page 706. 
 
 As we shall not have occasion to refer again to the organi- 
 zation of this body, we may as well finish this part of the sub- 
 ject in this place. 
 
 In the year 1822, in consequence of the thriving condition 
 of the Consistory and other bodies, established in Charleston 
 by the Sovereign Grand Consistory of New York, there was 
 quite an excitement created in that city by De La Motta, who 
 had found Mr. Joseph McCosh quite a pliable tool in his hands, 
 and urged him forward as the leader in the opposing party to 
 P. Javain, Deputy Inspector General for South Carolina. The 
 newspapers of the day displayed articles over the signatures. 
 
BITE OF PBEPEOTION. 103 
 
 of both parties, the controversy lasting for a long time. A 
 part of this controversy may be seen by referring to Document 
 21. It brought about quite a revival in that Supreme Coun- 
 cil, the number of members increasing to eight, -which was, for 
 them, a considerable number. John Mitchell and Isaac Auld 
 were out, leaving three of the old members, with five additional 
 ones — viz., Jacob De La Motta, the son of Emanuel ; Joseph 
 McCosh, Alexander McDonald, Horatio G. Street and Moses 
 Holbrook. So the list stood in 1825. With this addition, 
 and taking advantage of the anti-Masonic excitement in 1828, 
 at which time the Sovereign Grand Consistory at New York 
 had become extinct, they in company with Mr. Gourgas, 
 petitioned to the Grand Orient of France for acknowledge- 
 ment as the Supreme Council of " America." And the Grand 
 Orient, believing their statement, gave them the acknowledge- 
 ment. After this, strange to say, the Council "fell asleep," 
 and no more is heard of it until the year 1844, when it appears 
 that Albert G. Mackey had been admitted, and Albert Case. 
 The Council now numbered nine. In 1846, one more, making 
 ten. In 1855, eight — viz., Joseph McCosh, Albert G. Mackey, 
 John H. Honor, Charles M. Purman, William S. Rockwell, 
 John R. McDaniel, John A. Quitman, Achille Le Prince. In 
 1859, they had elected a large number from various States, 
 and were about to fill the number to thirty-three, when the 
 Council would be full. 
 
 On the first of June, 1858, the Supreme Council of Charles- 
 ton received the acknowledgement of the Grand Orient of 
 France, and is now in active correspondence with the same. 
 
 As it may seem to the reader that we have passed lightly 
 over the body styling itself the Supreme Grand Council of the 
 United States of America, now the Charleston Council for the 
 Southern Jurisdiction, we would here say that this has been a 
 " necessity," inasmuch as but little is really known concerning 
 it, aside from its published circulars, and the various and fre- 
 quent dissensions it has caused in the great body of the fra- 
 ternity through its members. 
 
 We know that it established itself in 1801 ; that from it 
 came the Supreme Council of France in 1804, through the 
 
104 SCOTTISH RITE, ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED. 
 
 Count De Grasse ; that it continued its sickly existence through 
 a few years, after which it went to sleep ; that in 1821, ac- 
 cording to their own account, it began to revive, numbering 
 at that time as many as eight members ; that in 1829 it was 
 acknowledged by the Grand Orient of Prance, after which it 
 again slumbered until about 1844, when it was again revived, 
 and has continued its existence up the the present time, being 
 properly acknowledged by the Grand Orient of Prance in 1858. 
 That during this time it has established a Supreme Council in 
 Ireland, and also a Consistory in Louisiana. 
 
 That the dissensions began at the very hour when its pub- 
 lished existence commenced — first with the Grand Lodge of 
 South Carolina, which, having been adjusted, they commenced 
 in New York, in 1813, since which date every opportunity has 
 been seized upon by them to issue strange and defamatory pub- 
 lications, by means of which more injury has been done to the 
 cause of Masonry than can ever be repaired. In 1822, they 
 renewed their work under the leadership of Joseph McCosh — 
 and in 1848, at -which period Mr. Gourgas appeared with his 
 new Supreme Council, they united with that body in the repe- 
 tition of the same strange work. Por the truth of this state- 
 ment we refer to the Documents in the Appendix, Nos. 17, 18, 
 19, 21, 31 and 33. 
 
CHAPTER PITTH. 
 
 PROGRESS OP THE "RITE OP PBRPEOTION," OR "ANCIENT 
 SCOTTISH RITE OP HEREDOM." 
 
 Establishment of the " Sovereign Grand Consistory " iu New York City 
 in 1807 by Joseph Cerneau. — Acknowledgement by the Supreme Council 
 of Prance, 1813.— Also by the Grand Orient of France, 1816.— Title of 
 the Consistory, and the name of the "Rite " practiced. — "Joseph Cerneau." 
 — His Character. — A Review of the Charges brought against him. — Nar- 
 rative of Jeremy L. Cross. — " Abraham Jacobs." — His Register and Diary 
 in full. — Particulars of his proceedings. — " Emanuel De La Motta " comes 
 from Charleston to New York. — His pretended Consistory of 1806. — His 
 own account of his proceedings. — He erects a Supreme Council in New 
 York in 1813. — He expeia" Joseph Cerneau, his abettors and followers."-^ 
 Reply of the Sovereign Grand Consistory. — Rejoinder of De La Motta. — . 
 The end of the Supreme Grand Council of De La Motta, 
 
 As the " Cerneau CowncU " has been a matter of great coa- 
 troTersy, from the very beginning up to the present time, and 
 as there is some intricacy connected with its organization, it is 
 thought to be the most proper course, to state in the first place 
 the leading facts, assuming them to be true, and embracing a 
 period of nine years — viz,, from 1807 to 1816, and then, return 
 again, and second, state all the circumstances connected with 
 these facts. By attempting to follow regularly, the events as 
 they occurred, the mind would be apt to become confused, 
 while by pursuing this course, the subject will be more clearly 
 understood. To begin, then, with the leading facts. 
 
 On the 27th of October, 1807, Joseph Cerneau founded and 
 established the Sovereign Grand Consistory and Supreme 
 Council of the Thirty-third degree, of the Ancient Scottish Rite 
 of Heredom, in the city of New York. 
 
 At the time of its foundation, the following names appear as 
 connected with Mr. Cerneau — viz., John W. Mulligan, Dr. 
 Charles Guerin, Joseph Gouin, John P. Schisano, Toussaint 
 Midy, J. B. Subrau, John B. Penzolz, Jonathan and Jacob 
 Schieffelin, and several other persons. In the course of the 
 
106 SCOTTISH RITE, ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED. 
 
 following year the offices wore filled, and the regular announce- 
 ment made. 
 In the records we find the following persons composing the 
 
 above bodies ; 
 
 The Hon. Bewitt Clinton, Governor of the State of New 
 York, and Grand Master of the Grand Lodge, as Most Illus- 
 trious Deputy Grand Commander of the Sovereign Grand 
 Consistory, and the same office in the Supreme Council of the 
 Thirty-third. Although the Illustrious Brother Oerneau re- 
 tained the title of Grand Commander during his life, yet he 
 seldom officiated, as especially in the early part of this time he 
 spoke but little English, and therefore was incapable of per- 
 forming the duty of presiding officer. Subsequently the title 
 was made " hmarary" and Mr. Cerneau's name attached to 
 the various documents, appears always afterwards as Honorary 
 Grand Commander, ad vitam. Mr. Clinton filled the office of 
 Sovereign Grand Commander from 1823 up to the year 1828, 
 in the month of February of which year, he died in the city of 
 Albany. Those periods which were excepted, were filled by 
 Illustrious Brother John W. Mulligan, and Illustrious Brother, 
 the Marquis De Lafayette. In fact, Mr. Cerneau may be said 
 to have retired from the active duties of Commander, immedi- 
 ately after the full organization of the Sovereign Grand Con- 
 sistory. 
 
 Of the character of the Hon. Mr. Clinton, it is quite un- 
 necessary to say one word. His name is a household word, 
 and is engraven upon the memory of every citizen who has 
 witnessed the prosperity of the Empire State. As a Mason, 
 he was esteemed, and left behind him a name which the breth- 
 ren delight to honor. Those who have attempted to traduce 
 his character, (and there have been many such,) have only 
 brought upon themselves the disgrace and contempt which is 
 always the consequence, and the attendant of base actions. 
 
 The Hon. John W. Mulligan, Deputy Grand Master of the 
 Grand Lodge of the State of New York, as Illustrious Lieuten- 
 ant Grand Commander of the Supreme Council, and Illustrious 
 Minister of State in the Sovereign Grand Consistory ; also 
 Representative of the Sovereign Grand Council of Sublime 
 
SCOTTISH RITE OF HERBDOM. 107 
 
 Princes of the Royal Secret for the State of Pennsylvania, near 
 the Sovereign Grand Consistory sitting in New York. 
 
 Mr. Mulligan continued to officiate, both in the Sovereign 
 Grand Consistory and Supreme Council until the year 1828. 
 He served as M .•. P .*. Sov .•. Grand Commander two years, 
 immediately preceding the election of the Hon. Dewitt Clinton 
 to that office, He was also Deputy Grand Commander for 
 many years. In 1844 Mr. Mulligan received the appointment 
 of Consul to Greece, under the Presidency of Mr. Polk, and 
 was absent from this country until 1851, at which time he re- 
 turned, and soon afterward took his seat in the Supreme Coun- 
 cil as Past Grand Commander. 
 
 The Hon. Cadwallader D. Golden, Mayor of the city of New 
 York, and Senior Grand Warden of the Grand Lodge of the 
 State of New York, as Illustrious Minister of State of the Su- 
 preme Council, and second Minister of State in the Sovereign 
 Grand Consistory. Mr. Colden continued to officiate regular- 
 ly in the Consistory and Council, from the hour of his appoint- 
 ment up to the year 1828. 
 
 The Hon. Martin Hoffman, subsequently Grand Master of 
 the Grand Lodge of the State of New York, was one of its 
 earliest members and associates. He was second Minister of 
 State in the Sovereign Grand Consistory, and was an active 
 member of both bodies up to the year 1828. 
 
 Illustrious Brother Jonathan Schieffelin, Past Master, Grand 
 Keeper of the Seals in the Supreme Grand Council, and first 
 Grand Master of Ceremonies in the Sovereign Grand Consis- 
 tory. He was also the Representative for the Sovereign 
 Grand Council of Princes of the Royal Secret for the State of 
 South Carolina, near the Sovereign Grand Consistory sitting 
 in New York. 
 
 Mr. Schieffelin was one of the earliest members, and officiated 
 in the Council and Sovereign Grand Consistory until 1828. 
 At the re-organization in 1832, under the Count St. Laurent, 
 he became an active member of the same and continued so un- 
 til 1846. 
 
 Elias Hicks, Esq., R .". W .*. Grand Secretary of the Grand 
 Lodge of the State of New York. He subsequently became 
 
108 SCOTTISH ETTB, ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED. 
 
 Deputy Grand Commander of the Sovereign Grand Consistory, 
 and in 1832, at the re-organization under Count St. Laurent, 
 he became the Sovereign Grand Commander of the United 
 Supreme Council, and continued so up to the year 1846. 
 
 Joseph Bouchaud, Esq., one of the oldest French merchants 
 in the city, and was at that time of the firm of Bouchaud, The- 
 laud §• Co. 
 
 Francis Dubuar, Esq., subsequently Lieutenant Grand Com- 
 mander. He was one of the founders of the Sovereign Grand 
 Consistory, an active member of the Supreme Council up to 
 1828, and also in the United Supreme Council under the Count 
 St. Laurent until 1846. Both of these gentlemen were active 
 members until prevented by the infirmities of age. 
 
 It is quite unnecessary to particularize the names of Thomas 
 Lownds, one of the oldest and most able Masons in the State ; 
 Oliver M. Lownds, his son, former Sheriff of the City and 
 County of New York and R .•. W .•. Grand Secretary of the 
 Grand Lodge ; Charles Guerin, Illustrious Treasurer General ; 
 John P. Schisano, Grand Secretary General ; »/3. Rainetaux, 
 James B. Durand, Casper W. Eddy and others, a long list of 
 whom will be found by referring to the statistic account of the 
 Sovereign Grand Consistory and Supreme Council, from the 
 year 1807 to the year 1813, and also to the Annuaries pub- 
 lished from 1813 up to the year 1828, during the latter part of 
 which time the Annuary appeared in Brother Marsh's General 
 Masonic Annuary. That volume included all the Masonic 
 organizations in the State. 
 
 And at the very commencement of the organization, the busi- 
 ness affairs of all the bodies — viz., the Sovereign Grand Con- 
 sistory and the Supreme Council, were administered by a 
 " Grand Committee of General Administratim, " composed as 
 follows : 
 
 President, Hon. Dewitt Clinton, 
 Vice President, Charles Guerin, 
 James B. Durand, 
 John W. Mulligan, 
 Members, { Jacob Schieffelin, 
 Joseph Gouin, 
 A. Rainetaux. 
 
SCOTTISH RITE OP HEEEDOM. 109 
 
 As soon as the organization was completed, and the requi- 
 site and constitutional number of brethren were constituted, 
 which occupied the better part of two years, a formal applica- 
 tion was made by them, to the Grand Orient of France, and to 
 the Supreme Council of France, for recognition and acknow- 
 ledgement, as a proper and legally constituted body, on the 
 ground, that they had complied with the Statutes and Regula- 
 tions of the Order, and were now entitled to the privileges of 
 the same. In this application, they claimed to 'have received 
 their degrees from, and were constituted by Joseph Cerneau, a 
 Regular Inspector, and invested with full powers for this pur- 
 pose ; had been formed into a Sovereign Grand Consistory for 
 the United States of America, her Territories and Dependen- 
 cies ; and swearing allegiance to the Statutes and General 
 Regulations of the Order, they asked from them proper power 
 to proceed in a Constitutional manner with their work, an 
 acknowledgement on their part that they were regularly formed 
 and constituted, and a recognition of future proceedings, as a 
 Supreme and Regular body. 
 
 This application, with the proper documents, was forwarded 
 to France, in the autumn of the year 1809, and reached its des- 
 tination, as is evident by return records, February 10th, 1810. 
 The means of communication, in those days, were not as speedy 
 as at the present time. The deliberations were not hurried, 
 nevertheless, on the llth of February, 1813, it was consecrated 
 and confirmed in the Supreme Council at Paris, and forwarded 
 to New York, with all the necessary documents. The recog- 
 nition of the Grand Orient, together with documents, did not 
 reach the United States until the year 1816. It was promul- 
 gated in France July 16th, and published in the daily papers 
 at New York, as soon as it came to hand. It was a full 
 acknowledgement of the Sovereign Grand Consistory and Su- 
 preme Council for the United States of America, her Territo- 
 ries and Dependencies, authorizing these bodies to take their 
 place among the sister bodies of the two hemispheres, dating 
 the organization from the commencement, as they were author- 
 ized to do — viz., October 27th 1807. 
 
 (See Documents in the Appendix,) No. 12 and 13. 
 
110 SCOTTISH KITE, ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED. 
 
 It is on this recognition and acknowledgemeat, that the 
 " regularity " of these bodies rest. Having it, tliey are regular, 
 and remain so, as long as the recognition and correspondence 
 is kept up. Without it, they would have been nothing, in the 
 estimation of all true Masons in the Masonic world, and 
 would, doubtless, have immediately ceased their work. With- 
 out that recognition they would have been precisely in the 
 situation of the pretended body at Charleston, which body, if 
 it ever had an existence as such, was in that condition — ^viz., 
 alone, unacknowledged, unrecognized, by any Masonic body, 
 except those which she herself had created, and was believed 
 to be self constituted and illegal, up to the year 1828, at which 
 time it was entered in the Annuary of the Grand Orient of 
 France. How this transaction was brought about, the means 
 used to effect it, and the cii'cumstances attending it, will be 
 seen in their proper place. 
 
 The Consistory had already established various Councils of 
 Sublime Princes of the Royal Secret in several States, as well 
 as subordinate bodies in New York. The Illustrious Brother 
 Joseph Cerneau was appointed by the Grand Orient of France 
 as her Representative near the Sovereign Grand Consistory 
 in the United States, and the following brethren were Repre- 
 sentatives, as follows : 
 
 HI.'. Bro.'. Germain Hacquet, Representative for Sovereign 
 
 Grand Consistory of the Uni- 
 ted States of America, near 
 the Grand Orient of France. 
 Confirmed and received by 
 Grand Orient, July, 1816. 
 IB .'. Bro .'. James B. Durand, for the State of Louisiana, 
 
 near the Sovereign Grand 
 Consistory. 
 El.'. Bro,'. Thomas Loumds, for the State of Rhode Island, 
 
 near the Sovereign Grand 
 Consistory. 
 m.'. Bro .'. John W. MvUigan, for the State of Pennsylvania, 
 
 near the Sovereign Grand 
 Consistory. 
 
SCOTTISH RITE OF HEEEDOM. m 
 
 lU .'. Bro .•. Jacob ScAieffelin, for the State of South Caro- 
 lina, near the Sovereign 
 Grand Consistory. 
 
 ni .-. Bro ••. ( * ) Sovereign Grand Lodge As- 
 
 tr6, St. Petersburg. 
 
 The Sovereign Grand Consistory had appointed Deputy 
 Inspectors General in South Carolina, Louisiana, Pennsylvania, 
 Maryland, Virginia, Rhode Island, Massachusetts, Cuba, Puerto 
 Eico, Cumana, Barcelona and La Guayra. They had also sub- 
 ordinate bodies in the City, and throughout the State, working 
 Ji a regular and constitutional manner, and were waiting the 
 arrival of their documents from abroad, in order to prove to 
 the Masonic world, that their pretensions were not in vain. 
 
 They came at last. It was a pleasing event to the Sovereign 
 Grand Consistory. There was now no obstacle in the way of 
 future prosperity. "We have seen of what materials the Sove- 
 reign Grand Consistory, from its very commencement, was 
 composed. Some of the persons occupied high positions under 
 the State Government — many of them were merchants of no 
 ordinary note — all of them were men of respectability, and for 
 the most part, filling offices in the Grand Lodge of the State. 
 Thej were men of character and of fixed principles ; they en- 
 tered upon the undertaking by the solicitation of Mr. Cerneau, 
 through representations made to them ; and had any of them sup- 
 posed for a moment, that they were lending their names and 
 influence to an irregular and spurious Masonic body, they 
 would never have continued with them for an hour. But they 
 did continue to the end. The body, thas formed, had difficulties 
 to contend with, which have not been alluded to, and it is for 
 this purpose that we shall now return to the year 1807, and 
 take up the attending circumstances in their proper course. 
 
 '• October, 1807." This date is derived from the records of 
 the Sovereign Grand Consistory, and from numerous Charters, 
 Certificates, Patents, &c., given by that body, to Chapters of 
 Rose Croix, Councils of Princes of the Royal Secret, and 
 Patents given to Deputy Inspectors General, all of Tvhich de- 
 .' clare the body to have been founded and established in the 
 month of October, 1807, and date through the various years in 
 
112 SCOTTISH RITE, ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED. 
 
 which the Consistory was in existence. We shall give as an 
 illustration in the Appendix, one — viz., a Warrant for the 
 founding of "Lafayette Sovereign Chapter of Rose Croix," which 
 see: 
 
 (Appendix, Document No. 14.) 
 
 These parchments to which I have alluded, are all signed in 
 full, by the officers in their own proper hand, and sealed by 
 the Grand Keeper of the Seals. And this date is fully cor- 
 roborated by historians, as Dr. Oliver, Clavel, Ragon, Thory 
 and others. So that upon this point, there cannot be any 
 reasonable doubt. 
 
 And we further learn from these documents, as well as from 
 the records and circulars issued at various times, the name, 
 under which the Rite hailed. At its formation in the city of 
 New York at that period, it does not appear to have used the 
 name of the " Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite" but its 
 definitive title was, " The Ancient Scottish Rite of Heredom," 
 " The Rite of Heredom," " The Scottish Rite of Heredom," &c. 
 It is quite important to our history that this fact should be 
 borne in mind. And the definitive title of the Sovereign 
 Grand Consistory, under this rite was " the Trinity." 
 
 We have previously given (page 47) an account of the differ- 
 ent rites practiced in Europe after the year 1740, at which 
 time, and soon after, they all came into being. Among these 
 rites is the Ancient Scottish Rite of Heredom (see Ragon), which 
 was practiced by the Council of the Emperors of the East and 
 West, by them given to Stephen Morin, by him to Joseph Cer- 
 neau, and by him brought to the city of New York. This rite 
 was the one established, this the name given, and those were 
 the degrees conferred. The additional eight degrees were in 
 Cerneau's possession ; they were conferred by him, in common 
 with the rest of the degrees, and in their proper order, so that 
 the Prince of the Royal Secret numbered as the Thirty-second 
 degree, and Sovereign Grand Inspector General as the Thirty- 
 third, although made strictly an official degree. The reasons for 
 this will be apparent, they will be given shortly. We know 
 that he was possessed of them, else he could not have conferred 
 them ; and we also know, that all persons of whatever name. 
 
SCOTTISH RITE OF HEREDOM. II3 
 
 ■who received the degrees up to, aud including the Thirty-third, 
 ■were acknowledged as correct, and received as such in France 
 and elsewhere. Although we do not include Charleston in 
 this enumeration, we do include the Supreme Council of 
 Prance, and all other known Supreme Councils or Consistories. 
 
 In this rite, the " Sovereign Grand Consistory " is vested with 
 the sole power of administration and legislation, including that 
 of granting Constitutions, in all the degrees which appertain 
 to Exalted Masonry. The establishment of a Sovereign Grand 
 Consistory absolutely supersedes the individual authority of 
 the Sovereign Grand Inspectors General, in the regulation and 
 government of the Order. As to the degree of Sovereign 
 Grand Inspector General, in rank the Thirty-third, the laws 
 and regulations direct the manner in which the members, on 
 whom it is conferred, shall be selected. It is a " dignity " 
 granted as the reward of merit and experience. Those who are 
 invested with it do not possess the arbitrary and irresponsible pow- 
 er, which some, who pretend to act under SECRET CONSTITU- 
 TIONS, imagine they are authorized to exercise. 
 
 The Sovereign Grand Consistory was composed of members 
 of the Thirty-second and Thirty-third degrees. And it will be 
 seen in all the official documents, whether Patents, Warrants, 
 Letters, Annuaries, &c., that the governing and ruling body 
 of the Order was the Sovereign Grand Consistory, and this 
 name and form of government, continued up to the year 1828. 
 
 It is evident that this is correct, by an .examination made of 
 the records, containing the petition addressed to the Supreme 
 Council of Prance, and received by them February 15th, 1810. 
 The body there petitioning for recognition and acknowledge- 
 ment or correspondence, assumed no other name or pretended 
 to anything else, than the " Sovereign Grand Consistory." And 
 the reply received by the Consistory in New York, from the 
 Supreme Council of Prance in 1813, confirms it as follows : 
 
 " On the 15th day of February, 1810, the Sovereign Grand Consistory of 
 the Thirty-second degree, established for the United States at the Orient of 
 New York, doing homage to the severity of the principles of the Siipreme 
 Council, which constantly tend to the purification of Masonry, testified the 
 desire of seeing a reciprocal correspondence established between them. This 
 
114 SCOTTISH RITE, ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED. 
 
 correspondence was warmly welcomed and consecrated by the Supreme Comi- 
 oil on February 11th, 1813." 
 
 And in the recognition and vote of the Grand Orient of 
 Prance, July 3d, 1816, the same recognition is made known, 
 and published by them, as to the Sovereign Grand Consistory, 
 at the same time publishing the fact officially — that Germain 
 Hacquet, President of the Grand Orient, was received and 
 acknowledged as the representative of the Sovereign Grand 
 Consistory, near the Grand Orient. Nothing, therefore, can 
 be more evident, than, that the body commenced with that title 
 in 1807 and continued it until the year 1828. 
 
 The person who founded and established the Sovereign 
 Grand Consistory in New York city was Mr. Joseph Cerneau. 
 
 This, of itself, would appear to the reader to be no informa- 
 tion at all, and he is naturally led, at this point, to ask the 
 question. Who was Joseph Cerneau? Where did he come from 
 — what was his occupation — and from where or whom, did he 
 receive his degrees, or the rite which he pretended to estab- 
 lish ? We shall endeavor to reply to these questions as well 
 as we can. If, however, a resort should be had to the publica- 
 tions made by his opponents concerning him, we should be 
 forced to the conclusion that he was " but a sorry fellow after 
 all." They state, that he was a jeweller by trade, " a poor 
 pedling jeweller," " a trickster," " a swindler," "an impostor," 
 " a deceiver " and a " rascal." They attempt to prove these 
 grave charges by declaring that he made a large amount of 
 money out of the degrees, by pocketing the funds, by making 
 silver and tin boxes to hold the seals, by selling the degrees 
 to travellers, by publishing Masonic works in the Spanish 
 language, and selling them all through Mexico, South America, 
 &c. Time and patience would fail in the attempt to set forth 
 all the charges particularly, which these brethren have heaped 
 upon him, even up to the day of his death. Nor do they let 
 the matter rest there. It forms the basis of many serious 
 charges, even at the present time. For an exemplification of 
 some of these charges, the reader is referred to the precious 
 productions of Emanuel De La Motta. Appendix, No. 17 and 
 19. 
 
SCOTTISH RITE OF HBEEDOM. 115 
 
 We will quote a few lines from Ragon, Orthodox Ma?., 
 page 328. He says : 
 
 " Joseph Cerneau, having established himself at St. Domingo, where he was 
 initiated into the "Rite of Perfection " by the Jew, Stephen Morin, which rite 
 Morin had brought there ; he was forced to quit this island on account of the 
 insurrection of the blacks there. He travelled over the Spanish Antillas, and 
 the United States, and finally fixed his residence in New York city. In 1806 
 he founded the Supreme Council of the Thirty-third degree, installing himself 
 Grand Commander, Grand Secretary, Grand Treasurer, &c., of the same. He 
 made a multitude of receptions, principally among South Americans, delivered 
 diplomas, sold aprons, ribbons and jewels, to the Masons whom he initiated. 
 He also manufactured tin and silver boxes which enclose the seals. To these 
 diverse branches, he adds the speculation of a librarian, He became the 
 author and editor of a Spanish Masonic manual, with which he inundated 
 Mexico and this country. Subsequently, having re-organized his Supreme 
 Council, he suceeded in establishing a correspondence with the Grand Orient 
 of Prance." 
 
 Now it forms no part of the author's purpose, in writing this 
 history, to appear before his readers as the champion and de- 
 fender of Mr. Cerneau. On the contrary, he allows as true, 
 some of the charges, and will attempt to give his views con- 
 cerning them, in full. 
 
 In the first place, Mr. Cerneau was a jeweller by profession, 
 a French jeweller, and it is highly probable that, like the rest 
 of that class of men, he was a " pedling jeweller," that is to say, 
 he left his native land, travelled through the West India 
 Islands, and at last came to New York and settled down as a 
 resident. During his travels, it is quite probable that, being 
 an industrious man and a Frenchman, he made all the money 
 that it was in his power to make, by selling jewelry. But, 
 from the best information that can be obtained, Mr. Cerneau, 
 on his arrival in New York, took or hired a store, got his 
 family domiciled, went to work at bis trade, as all jewellers 
 generally do, and attended to his legitimate business. We 
 have no evidence whatever that he pedled jewelry after his 
 arrival here, except the assertions of his opponents, and it is 
 quite probable that they judged Mr. Cerneau, in this matter, 
 by themselves. 
 
 They pronounce him, a trickster, a swindler, an impostor and 
 
116 SCOTTISH RITE, ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED. 
 
 a rascal. And in proof of these serious charges they state, 
 " that he made a great deal of money out of the degrees by 
 pocketing the funds." There is no doubt at all, that from the 
 time of his first arrival, 1806, up to the period of the formation 
 of the Sovereign Grand Consistory in 1807, he made many 
 receptions and took the money. It is hardly possible that it 
 should have been otherwise. Tlie rite was entirely new to this 
 country, and there were, doubtless, a great number of persons 
 ready to receive the new light in Masonry, which he professed 
 himself able to impart. He was not alone in this business. 
 His Patent from Stephen Morin gave him full power so to do. 
 And if he had followed the example set him by his teacher, 
 Stephen Morin, and his coadjutors, Messrs. Frankin, Hays, 
 Forst, Long, Spitzer, Cohen, De Lieben, Jacobs and De La 
 Motta, the charge would have been perfectly just and true, for 
 they, by their own showing, followed that business all their 
 lives long. But the records show that he pursued a different 
 course. After he became acquainted with the people among 
 whom he came to reside, and the rules and laws which governed 
 the institution of Masonry in the' land, he assembled a Consti- 
 tutional number of brethren around him, whom he had before 
 initiated, and formed a Sovereign Grand Consistory for the 
 United States of America, which was founded for the govern- 
 ment of the Exalted degrees. Having done this, the course of 
 proceeding which they lay to his charge — -viz., making frequent 
 receptions, &c., became an impossibility. The powers of Mr. 
 Cerneau then ceased as an Inspector, and the duty of making 
 receptions, and taking money for the same, devolved upon the 
 General Committee of Administration, before noticed, as the 
 records fully prove. 
 
 But they continue by saying, that he made a great deal of 
 money by "manufacturing silver and tin boxes to hold the Seals." 
 This part of the story is true. He had it all in his own hands, 
 and it was strictly in the way of his business. But while we 
 willingly allow that he did these things every day of his life, 
 and all his life long if necessary, still it does not go far towards 
 proving the truth of their accusation. There does not appear 
 to be any part of rascality, or deception, or trickery, or impos- 
 
SCOTTISH RITE OF HBBBDOM. 117 
 
 ture, in manufacturing jewelry, silver boxes, tin boxes, &c., 
 and selling them to the best advantage to the brethren for 
 money. Mr. Cerneau made these things and sold them, pre- 
 cisely in the same way in which they are made and sold in this 
 day, the only difference being, that in his day, he was the only 
 one engaged in that particular branch of the Masonic jewelry 
 business, and of course, made all the money, while at the present 
 time, the number of manufacturing Masonic jewellers is not 
 only great, but so great, that one can scarcely miss of them 
 at the various corners of the streets. 
 
 Again, They charge that he published Spanish Masonic 
 works, books of instruction, &c., flooded Mexico, South Amer- 
 ica and France with them, by means of which traffic, he made 
 a large amount of money. This charge is true — and having 
 been somewhat personally acquainted with Cerneau, the author 
 would say, that he is sorry, most truly sorry, that he did not 
 realize a much larger amount than he received, as, in that 
 event, he might have had a fund, out of which he might have 
 drawn a support in his declining years. For, in the latter 
 part of the time — from 1832 onward — he was in poor circum- 
 stances, and made application to the Supreme Council for 
 assistance. That body made some considerable purchases of 
 him, which relieved his necessities. He returned to his native 
 land in comparative poverty, and died there, between the years 
 1840 and 1845, while filling a small public office, under 
 wretched pay. 
 
 None of these acts, allowing them all to be true, would en- 
 title him to the name of a swindler, a deceiver, an impostor, or 
 a rascal, nor would they injure his character in the least, as an 
 honest man, or an upright Mason. As an illustration, let us 
 glance at a few facts connected with the business of Masonry, 
 which have occurred, and are now occurring in our own land. 
 The narrative of Jeremy L. Cross, published in the Sixteenth 
 edition of his " Hieroglyphic Monitor " so completely covers 
 all the ground, that we shall quote from it instead of offering 
 our own remarks. He says, page 343 and onward : 
 
 " The author has spent over forty years in the service of the Order as a 
 "Lecturer." During all this time he has labored diligently to preserve care- 
 
118 SCOTTISH EITB, ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED. 
 
 fully, every thing connected with the work as he received it. The system, as 
 taught by him, was adopted about the year 1800. After the Grand Lodges 
 of the several States had declared themselves free and independent, and the 
 General Grand Chapter was formed and organized in 1798, it was deemed ad- 
 visable to adopt a regular and uniform mode of lecturing and work for the 
 whole, and in order to accomplish this great desideratum, the expert workmen 
 from various parts of the country met together. The work was completed and 
 adopted fully by the year 1810. It was at this period he commenced lecturing 
 in the New England States, with all those bright and well informed Masons, 
 who had been so assiduous in selecting and arranging the above system. After 
 spending some years in the New England States, in the year 1815 he visited 
 New Tork, where he received the Ineffable and Sublime degrees, and was 
 regularly constituted and appointed by the Supreme Council, a Sovereign 
 Grand Inspector General, Thirty-third and last degree, received as a member 
 of said Council, &c. Early in 1 816, having been sanctioned as a Grand Lec- 
 turer by the Officers of the General Grand Chapter of the United States of 
 America, and receiving all necessary authority and instruction upon that sub- 
 ject from the body, he proceeded on his tour, taking in all the several Lodges 
 and Chapters in New Jersey ; from thence to Delaware, lecturing in all the 
 Lodges and Chapters in that State ; thence to Baltimore, where he received 
 from Brothers Eckles and Niles, a Warrant to confer the Royal and Select 
 Masters degrees, and to establish Councils in all places where there was a 
 Royal Arch Chapter, if desired. And by this authority he established Coun- 
 cils in most of the places he visited in the Western and Southern States. 
 
 " While at Cincinnati, Frankfort and Lexington, he was joined by Thomas 
 Smith Webb and J. Snow, who were also engaged in Masonic business. At 
 Cincinnati he was visited by many committees of persons, deputized to obtain 
 for Councils, the Royal and Select Masters degrees, which degrees were uni- 
 versally adopted throughout the country. 
 
 " Finishing his travels in the West, he passed on to Natchez and New 
 Orleans, at which latter place he, in the year 1817, was received and acknow- 
 ledged by the Consistory, was presented with a full and perfect set of all the 
 degrees, their histories, accompanied with the drawings, emblems, seals, &c. 
 From thence he visited the eastern shore of Maryland. In that year he re- 
 turned to New England, and lectured in Connecticut during most of the time 
 of his stay there. In the autumn he went to Virginia, returned to Connecticut 
 in 1818, where he spent the two following years. In 1819 he first published 
 his Hieroglyphic Monitor or Chart, and in 1820 the Templars Chart. 
 
 " He at this time became acquainted with J. Onshman, and instructed 
 and perfected him in all the lectures, including the Orders of Knighthood. 
 After leaving him, Cushman lectured in Maryland, Delaware and Virginia, 
 North and South Carolina and Georgia, and spent several years in the busi- 
 ness. About the same time, John Barker also learned from him, and went to 
 South Carolina, Georgia, Mississippi, Alabama and Tennessee. Wadsworth, 
 
SCOTTISH RITE OF HBRBDOM 119 
 
 Barney, Enos and others, were all schooled by Cross, and sent on their 
 mission. 
 
 " During the next ten years he resided in Connecticut, and attended to the 
 publication of his books, but occasionally following lecturing. It was at this 
 time, and while having some leisure, and having, by experience, felt the want 
 of a uniformity of lecturing and work, and of keeping those parts belong- 
 ing to one degree of Masonry from being mixed up with others, that he com- 
 menced arranging the emblems and illustrations, agreeably to his mode of 
 lecturing and work, and of designing many new illustrations, which were first 
 brought out in a small volume, called the ' True Masonic Chart or Hieroglyphic 
 Monitor,' first published in 1819. The publication of the Masonic Chart was 
 something new in the annals of Masonry, there never having been any thing 
 published in the way of emblems before, more than those which were on what 
 is called the ' Masters Carpet.' 
 
 " The introduction of so many new emblems, and the arrangement of them 
 in a systematic manner, was found to be quite an acquisition to the craft, and 
 the work met with a universal reception. It rapidly passed through several 
 ■editions. Many of the G-rand Lodges adopted it as their text book, and the 
 members of nearly all the subordinate Lodges used it as their guide. In the 
 year 1820 he brought out the ' Templars Chart,' with similar emblems and 
 illustrations, which work met with equally flattering success. 
 
 ■' In 1824 he received from the Supreme Grand Council of the Thirty-third 
 degree. Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite, Charleston, South Carolina, by 
 the hands of Brother Barker, letters Patent and a Warrant, constituting him 
 a Sovereign Grand Inspector General, Thirty-third and last degree, and author- 
 izing and empowering him for life, to establish, congregate, superintend and 
 inspect Lodges, Chapters, Colleges, Consistories and Councils, of the Royal 
 and Military Orders of Ancient and Modern Free Masonry, over the surface 
 of the two hemispheres." 
 
 This document, verbatim, with the , signatures, and other 
 matters connected with it, is given in the Appendix, Document 
 35, and will be noticed in its proper place. 
 
 " In 1834 he removed to the city of New York, and entering into mercan- 
 tile pursuits, continued in that avocation for several years. In 1845 he pub- 
 lished improved editions of his Masonic and Templars Charts, which continued 
 to be the standard works of those degrees of which they treat. In 1851 he 
 brought out his sixteenth edition, and subsequently another edition, when his 
 works passed out of his hands." 
 
 We would offer an apology to the reader for the introduc- 
 tion of this history of Mr. Cross, apparently irrelevant to the 
 history of the Exalted or higher degrees. We have a particu- 
 lar object in so doing. Here we have the narrative of a man, 
 
120 SCOTTISH KITE, ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED. 
 
 who was a veteran in Masonry. He commencenced his careei 
 when Masonry, in our land, was in its youthful day. He made 
 himself acquainted with the lectures, and then entered upon 
 the work as a pursuit of life — spending the better part of thirty 
 years in this occupation, laboring from one end of the Union 
 to the other, and receiving from each Masonic body a large 
 remuneration. Besides the profit arising from " lecturing," he 
 published his Masonic books, took them with him, selling all he 
 could by the way, and making agents for the sale of the same 
 in every city and town through which he passed. The price 
 which he charged for his works was very high, and he gave 
 but a- very limited per centage to agents. He also had manu- 
 factured for him, and sold a very large amount of Lodge and- 
 Chapter decorations, jewels, furniture, collars, &c., and, added 
 to all the other things, he had purchased from Eckles and 
 Mies, of Baltimore, the power to establish Councils of Royal 
 and Select Masters, for which he received $100 per Council, 
 besides the remuneration for perfecting the members in the 
 lectures and work. So great was his success in all these 
 branches, that in 1834 he had amassed a very considerable 
 amount of money, and came to the city of New York, where he 
 commenced the business of a wholesale paper dealer. During 
 all the time he was in business, he kept a room devoted to the 
 sale of his books and Masonic jewels, decorations, &c., driving 
 a brisk trade, being looked upon, even at that late day, as the 
 chief and most reliable dealer in Masonic books and merchan- 
 dize. 
 
 But during all this long period of time, no member of the 
 fraternity dared to call Mr. Cross a rascal, a deceiver, an im- 
 postor, or a swindler. His character, as a man and a Mason, 
 was unimpeachable, and there was not a single man in the- 
 whole land who was more highly esteemed by the brotherhood 
 than Jeremy L. Cross. 
 
 Now, we would ask in all plainness, wherein was the differ- 
 ence between Mr. Joseph Cerneau and Mr. Cross ? Did Mr. 
 Cerneau establish Masonic bodies, confer degrees, take the 
 money, &c. ? So did Mr. Cross. Did the one manufacture 
 silver and tin boxes for holding seals, sell jewels, aprons, deco- 
 
SCOTTISH RITE OP HERBDOM. 121 
 
 rations, &c. ? So did the other. Did Mr. Cerneau enter into 
 the speculation of a librarian and publish Masonic books, &c. ? 
 So did Mr. Cross. There was no difference between the two 
 whatever. And yet poor Mr. Cerneau, with no other charges 
 laid against him, is pronounced by some, to have been a swin- 
 dler, a deceiver, an impostor, and a rascal, while those same 
 men are willing to concede, that Mr. Cross was an honest man 
 and an upright Mason. 
 
 The same remarks will apply to Thomas Smythe Webb, J. 
 Snow, Gleason, James Cushman, John Barker, Mr. Barney, 
 and others mentioned in the narrative of Mr. Cross, who were 
 mostly prepared by him as lecturers, and spent their lives in 
 the business as an occupation. And what shall we say of the 
 present day. The number of venders of Masonic paraphernalia 
 is great, and the country is covered with lecturers, &e., but 
 among the whole, none are pointed at as deceivers, swindlers 
 or impostors, unless from some other cause than that of making 
 money by lecturing, and publishing, and selling Masonic works. 
 
 In all the researches made, we have not yet been able to find 
 any other charges laid against Mr. Cerneau, than those which 
 we have named. Let those who knew Mr. Cerneau best, and 
 had the most to do with him, speak of his character. In a 
 Report of the General Committee of Administration of the 
 Sovereign Grand Consistory, drawn up in the year 1813, and 
 signed in full by Messrs. Mulligan, Schieffelin, Hicks, Bou- 
 chaud, Hoffman, Rainetaux and Dubuar, they say, " Yet this is 
 the only reason offered to cover the malignity which has 
 prompted this atrocious libel on a valuable and zealous Mason, 
 an industrious artizan, the father of a family, a meritorious and 
 peaceful citizen, a man of unsuspicious disposition, easily im- 
 posed upon by adventurers, and whose main failing is, the 
 want of a proper acquaintance with the English language." 
 
 But there is one more point to be touched upon — viz.. That 
 Cerneau made a great amount of money by the conferring of 
 degrees. A good part of this accusation may be true. It has 
 been before remarked, that when Cerneau arrived in this coun- 
 try, Masonry was, comparatively speaking, in its infancy. The 
 Blue degrees, it is true, were practiced in the Lodges as they 
 
122 SCOTTISH EITB, ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED. 
 
 are now. But the General Grand Chapter had been formed 
 only a few years previous, under which the degrees were 
 classified, and the Chapters regulated, so that but few Chap- 
 ters were in existence and working order. Aside from these 
 bodies but little was known of other degrees. That little 
 would refer to detached, and side degrees, which are not of 
 sufficient importance to dwell upon here. 
 
 Mr. Cerneau arrived, in ignorance of the English language, 
 and the manners and customs of the people. His first step was 
 to seek for Masonic acquaintances, and the first person who 
 became his intimate friend was Mr. John W. Mulligan, through 
 whose assistance the Sovereign Grand Consistory was formed. 
 Finding that Mr. Cerneau was in possession of the requisite 
 and authentic powers to do so, he introduced him to many 
 notable and highly esteemed Masons, and finally, through his 
 influence and exertions, the body was organized and com- 
 pleted. 
 
 The first body which Cerneau attempted to establish in New 
 York, was the Rose Croix Chapter, under the title of "Tripk 
 Amitie,'' about the year 1806. This continued but a year or 
 two, when the Consistory was formed. In 1807 the work of 
 the Chapter ceased, but it arose again in 1808, with a Charter 
 from the Sovereign Grand Consistory, under the name of 
 ''Triple AUiance" and continued so up to the year 1828. 
 
 Cerneau also conferred the degrees of Knighthood on indi- 
 viduals by virtue of his Patent, and all the Knights Templar, 
 Knights of the Red Cross, and Knights of Malta, in New York 
 at that time, of the present system practiced, were made so by 
 Cerneau. The first Encampment formed, was known after- 
 wards, as the " Old Encampment" then came " Jerusalem En- 
 campment" and last came " Columbian Encampment, JYo. 1," 
 chartered between 1811 and 1813 by the Sovereign Grand 
 Consistory, all of which came together to receive from the 
 Grand Encampment of the State of New York in 1814 their 
 Warrants, at which time Columbian Encampment received her 
 number as first in the Order. And when the deputation of 
 Royal Arch Masons came from Rhode Island in 1813 to receive 
 the Exalted degrees, and thus form a Consistory in Newport, 
 
SCOTTISH KITE OP HEEEDOM. 123 
 
 they received power from Joseph Cerneau to establish an En- 
 campment there. That Encampment was formed, and contin- 
 ued working under that power, until the State Grand Encamp- 
 ment was formed, at which time they came under that head. 
 
 Mr. C. Moore, of Cincinnati, in a communication upon this 
 subject, thus says : 
 
 " The Consistory iu Rhode Island was established about 1811 and 1813, and 
 was a Cerneau body. The Masons exalted to the Royal Arch degree, by the 
 Newport Chapter, being desirous of having the Higher degrees, and the author- 
 ity to confer said degrees being lost by the decease of Moses Seixas, they ap- 
 pointed a Committee to proceed to New York and receive them, and obtain 
 authority to establish a Consistory in Newport. The Consistory, at llmt time 
 gave the degrees of Knighthood, there being no Encampment then, but when 
 the Grand Encampment of New England was formed, those who had received 
 the degrees of Knighthood, joined and became subordinate to said body, and 
 received a Dispensation to confer the degrees, according to the terms of the 
 original Dispensation for a Consistory." And this is confirmed by the let- 
 ters of John A. Shaw and Stephen Deblois, both of whom were active mem- 
 bers of both bodies. (See Appendix, Document No. 19.) 
 
 It must be borne in mind that there were Encampments of 
 Knights Templars in existence many years before Mr. Cerneau 
 arrived in this country from St. Domingo, as well as Knights 
 of St. John of Jerusalem, and of Malta. None of these, how- 
 ever, were esteemed as Masonic bodies, or in any way connec- 
 ted with Masonry. Many received these orders of Knighthood 
 who were not Masons. Brother Blias Hicks was initiated a 
 Knight of St. John of Jerusalem one year before he was initi- 
 ated into Masonry, and all Master Masons were eligible to the 
 Knight of Malta and Mediterranean Pass, as late as the year 
 1820. It was a very common thing at that period, to confer 
 this Order in Lodges of Master Masons. 
 
 " The first Encampments of Knights Templar, established in this country, 
 were located in New York city and Stillwater, in the State of New York, 
 but we have not been able to learn, either the date of their establishment, or 
 by what authority they wore planted. We know, however, that they were in 
 existence prior to 1797, for in May of that year, an Encampment was estab- 
 lished in Philadelphia, and the records of that, shows the previous existence of 
 the two former Encampments. It is known that other Encampments were 
 established in this country by " Consistmies," and also by the mere authority 
 of a Deputy Inspector General, and therefore, we conclude that the Encamp- 
 
124 SCOTTISH RITE, ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED. 
 
 ments of Knights Templar were planted under the authority of the Ineffable 
 or Scotch Rite. 
 
 ■' In 1802, a few Knights met in Providence, Rhode Island, and, without 
 aiiy authority whatever, resolved themselves into an Encampment. In 1805, 
 a Convention was held in Providence, composed of delegates from the En- 
 campments in New York city, Stillwater and Albany, New York. Encamp- 
 ments No. 3, 13 and 24, of Maryland, and two Encampments in Massachu- 
 setts, one of which, situated in Boston, was an Encampment of Rose Croix 
 This Convention resolved itself into a Grand Encampment. 
 
 " In 1812, the above named Grand Encampment resolved itself into a Gene- 
 ral Grand Encampment, and made its Constitution to correspond ; and in 
 1816, it again resolved itself into a General Grand Encampment of the United 
 States of America, and again remodelled its Constitution, and provided for 
 the establishment of State Grand Encampments, <fec." Mitchell's History, 
 Volume 2, page 85. 
 
 This is a short sketch of these bodies as they existed before 
 the year 1811. It was about this time that the degree of 
 Knight Templar was remodelled, and placed in a form or sys- 
 tem, similar to the Chapter degrees. The system commenced 
 with Knight of the Red Cross, which was followed by Knights 
 Templar ; then the Knights of Malta, ending with the '' Chris- 
 tian Mark " and " Knight of the Holy Sepulchre," in all five 
 degrees. 
 
 To Mr. Cerneau, and the Sovereign Grand Consistory, the 
 Masonic world is indebted for the establishment of this system 
 — the founding of Columbian Encampment, and the establish- 
 ment of the Grand Encampment of the State of Xew York. 
 By referring to the list of officers at its foundation, and com- 
 paring that list with the officers of the Sovereign Grand Con- 
 sistory, they will be found nearly alike, and this forms one of 
 the chief grounds of De La Motta's complaint in 1813 concern- 
 ing the Grand Consistory — viz., " that its pretended officers 
 were also the chief officers in the Grand Encampment of the 
 State, which, in his estimation, was a most dreadful matter." 
 See his Replication. Appendix, Document 19. 
 
 As the degrees of the Chapter were arranged and placed in 
 a regular form between the years 1797 and 1800, after which 
 a regular series of lectures and mode of work were affixed to 
 the same, so with the degrees of the Encampment. It was 
 
SCOTTISH RITE OP HERBDOM. 125 
 
 consummated by the year 1814, and the Encampment degrees 
 then became a part of the Masonic system. 
 
 The following extract from the " Proceedings of the Grand 
 Encampment," published 1860, will be interesting to the reader 
 as confirming the above statement concerning the conferring 
 of the degrees of Knighthood and the formation of the Grand 
 Encampment, State of New York : 
 
 " The Grand Encampment of Sir Knights Templars and Appendant Orders, 
 for the State of New Tork, regularly constituted by the Sovereign Grand 
 Consistory of the Chiefs of Exalted Masonry for the United States of America, 
 its Territories and Dependencies, sitting in New York. 
 
 " This day, the 18th of the 4th month, A. L., 5814, answering to June, 
 A. D., 1814, &c., agreeably to notice, assembled at the place assigned for their 
 deliberations, this Grand Encampment was opened in due form and becoming 
 solemnity. Brother Jonathan Schieffelin officiating as Thrice Illustrious Grand 
 Master ; James B. Durand as Senior Warden, and Toussaint Midy as Junior 
 "Warden. 
 
 " The object of the meeting being announced, the Grand Orator took occa- 
 sion to deliver a discourse, in which he stated tlie proceedings and ceremonial 
 which took place at the formation of the Grand Encampment by the Sove- 
 reign Grand Consistory, in the city of New York, in January, 1814. 
 
 " That the numerous Encampments of Knights Templars, now existing with- 
 in this State, being self created bodies, are consequently governed by their own 
 private and individual laws, acknowledging no superior authority, because, in 
 fact, none heretofore existed. A longer continuance of this state of things 
 could be but productive of ill consequences, inasmuch as it was to be appre- 
 hended that these sorts of unconstituted Associations, so rapidly increasing 
 in number, would sooner or later have lessened, if not entirely destroyed, that 
 commanding respect due to so dignified a degree as that of Knight Templar, 
 &c. 
 
 " Accordingly, the Sovereign Grand Consistory, fully impressed with the 
 necessity and importance of this subject, has, at its session on the 2 2d of Jan- 
 uary, A. D., 1814, as aforesaid, decreed by a unanimous vote, the establish- 
 ment of a. " Geand Encampment op Knights Templar and Appendant 
 Orders for the State op New York," and immediately proceeded to its 
 formation by choosing the Grand Officers thereof, taken (for this time only) 
 from among its own members, as follows : 
 
 Dewitt Clinton, Thr.-. Illustrious Grand Master, 
 Martin Hoffman, Grand Generalissimo, 
 John W. Mulligan, Grand Captain General, 
 James B. Durand, Senior Grand Warden, 
 Jacob Schieffelin, Junior Grand Warden, 
 Elias Hicks, Grand Orator, 
 
126 SCOTTISH RITE, ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED, 
 
 Anthony Kainetaux, Grand Recorder, 
 
 Joseph Gonin, Grand Treasnrer, 
 
 Jonathan Schief&lin, Grand Marshal. 
 " They were accordingly installed into their respective offices, and the 
 establishment of the Grand Encampment of Sir Knights Templars and Ap- 
 pendant Orders for the State of New York was next proclaimed in amplb 
 
 FOEM." 
 
 This organization continued until 1816, when it came under 
 the supervision of the General Grand Encampment of the 
 United States, formed in that year. 
 
 Cerneau also conferred the degrees of Eoyal and Select Mas- 
 ter, and by him the first Council of Eoyal Masters was formed 
 in the State of New York. Subsequently, the degrees spread 
 far and wide over the State, and many other Councils were 
 formed. Soon after the meeting of the General Grand Chap- 
 ter in 1816, a State Grand Council of Royal Masters was 
 formed, and all existing Councils came under that body. One 
 fact is here worthy of note. The Masons of that day were 
 divided in opinion concerning the proper place to which these 
 degrees belonged. One party was in favor of connecting them 
 with the ritual, preceding the Royal Arch degree, while the 
 other party preferred that they should be kept separate, and 
 left where they were — a separate system. At the meeting of 
 the General Grand Chapter in 1816, the whole matter there 
 came up for discussion ; Mr. Eckles, of Maryland, taking a 
 very prominent part in advocating the union of these two de- 
 grees with the services of the Eoyal Arch Chapter. The dis- 
 cussion became warm, and lasted for the better part of two 
 days, when the motion to unite them with the Chapter degrees 
 was rejected. Whereupon, immediately after adjournment, the 
 State Grand Council of Royal Masters was formed, and the 
 different Councils then came under that governing power, and 
 continued so up to 1828. It was this move of the General 
 Grand Chapter, in refusing a recognition of those degrees, that 
 determined Mr. Cross in his future course. 
 
 Mr. Eckles, the Baltimore delegate, then went home ; and 
 when Cross, who, at that session of the General Grand Chap- 
 ter, had been appointed and confirmed as General Grand 
 Lecturer, started on his lecturing tour, he stopped at Baltimore 
 
SCOTTISH RITE OP HEREDOM. 127 
 
 and purchased and received the privilege from Eckles and 
 Niles, to erect and establish Councils of Royal and Select 
 Masters throughout the Southern and Western States. This 
 privilege he carried out pretty effectually, beginning with New- 
 Jersey : and all the Councils in existence, in those States, 
 mentioned in his narrative, were established by himself. Also 
 the Eastern States, excepting Rhode Island. But the particu- 
 lars of the arrangement between the two parties in the first 
 instance, never were known. This, however, may be said — 
 Mr. Cross acted with exact justice to all concerned, and 
 moreover, made it obligatory upon all the bodies which he 
 founded, that as soon as there should be three Councils of 
 Royal Masters in a State, they should at once come together 
 and form a Grand Council, and be governed by the same. 
 
 Out of this act of Mr. Cross, in establishing Councils of 
 Royal Masters, grew up a difference of feeling between those 
 bodies, and the Councils established by Mr. Cerneau. None 
 of them were on terms of intercourse, and that difference be- 
 tween the New York and Rhode Island Councils on the one 
 side, and the Cross Councils on the other, was kept up until 
 1828. 
 
 Although the degrees of Royal and Select Master have been 
 matters of great dispute, and a great deal of difficulty has been 
 encountered in fixing their paternity, yet there is no doubt 
 whatever, that the degrees were brought to this country by the 
 successors of Stephen Morin, and by them disseminated through 
 the country. It is true that they, as well as many other de- 
 grees, are not contained in the published list, as degrees over 
 which they pretend to have control, but by referring to the 
 Charleston document of 1802, (Document No. 7,) it will there 
 be found that the "■Ekd of Twenty-seven " is mentioned among 
 the isolated degrees which the Inspectors give, free of expense. 
 This is the degree of "Select Master " now practiced. 
 
 Also by referring to the Diary of Abraham Jacobs, (Docu- 
 ment No. 15,) it will be seen that he was in the habit of con- 
 ferring that degree long before 1801. 
 
 }' And it is also stated, that there is evidence of the existence 
 of these degrees in Albany, New York, as early as 1766. 
 
128 SCOTTISH BITE, ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED. 
 
 which, if true, would prove that the same person who founded 
 the Sublime Lodge of Perfection there, (Henry A. Francken,) 
 also conferred these degrees. They were also conferred in 
 Rhode Island by Myers, in 1781, at which time Seixas received 
 them from his hands. 
 
 But in all these cases, as well as with Mr. Cerneau, they 
 were conferred as distinct, or detached degrees, having nothing 
 to do with the system of Scottish Masonry. Neither the Coun- 
 cil of Charleston, or the Sovereign Grand Consistory recog- 
 nized them in any other light. Subsequently, when the mem- 
 bers became numerous, they formed themselves into Councils, 
 and as soon as there were three Councils in a State, they con- 
 stituted a Grand Council for that State — and thus it is at the 
 present day. 
 
 A very good sketch of the origin and progress of these de- 
 grees will be found in Mitchell's Masonic History, Volume 1, 
 page 706. 
 
 Mr. Cerneau also established a degree called "J^aron's Band," 
 which continued to be worked as a detached degree for many 
 years, in a separate body ; but eventually, about the year 
 1825, was stopped by the interference of the Grand Chapter, 
 which body stated that it was an infringement upon the degree 
 of High Priesthood. Eichard Ellis, the High Priest of Ancient 
 Chapter was the presiding officer of the body in 1824. 
 
 Now, from these few facts which have been cited, it is quite 
 probable that Cerneau did make a great deal of money by 
 conferring Masonic degrees, but it is not proved, that in so 
 doing, he interfered with, or infringed upon, any regular body 
 or rite. And, as was the case in every instance, both with 
 Mr. Cross and himself, as soon as a sufficient number could be 
 found, who were qualified, they formed into regular bodies, 
 and took to themselves a proper head. 
 
 But whatever may have been the character of Mr. Cerneau 
 in this respect, it is, at the present time, a matter of very little 
 consequence. He might, as his enemies and opposers have 
 always been ready to assert, have been a trickster, a travelling 
 jeweller, and the manufacturer of " wares " for the Craft. He 
 might have been a publisher of Masonic works in foreign Ian- 
 
SCOTTISH RITE OP HBREDOM. 129 
 
 guages, with which he flooded a portion of the world. And 
 he might have made a great deal of money by these things, as 
 well as by conferring Masonic degrees. But we are not aware 
 that there is any particular crime or turpitude in this conduct, 
 as it regards the Masonic institution. Nor does his conduct, 
 if rightly stated, prove him to have been any different, from 
 that of a great number of highly respectable Masons in the 
 year 1861, whose standing in the Order is irreproachable, who 
 would think it a strange thing to liave their conduct called in 
 question on these accounts, and who are always, and at all 
 times, ready to traffic and deal in Masonic ma.tters, on a much 
 larger scale than Mr. Cerneau ever dreamed of. 
 
 It must be very evident that he acted witli great and good 
 judgement, as far as it concerns his proceedings, in the form- 
 ing and establishment of the Sovereign Grand Consistory and 
 Supreme Council. He was aware that the Exalted degrees of 
 Masonry had already, through the trafficing spirit of the 
 travelling Inspectors, and pretended members of the Supreme 
 Grand Council of Charleston, fallen into great disrepute. He 
 saw that they were being made an article of merchandize, and 
 wishing to rescue them from the ruin which threatened them, 
 he sought out reputable and influential men in the community, 
 men who were highly esteemed by the Masonic fraternity and 
 above repi-oach, and placed the whole matter in their hands, 
 thus forming the bodies upon a sure basis. As soon as this 
 was completed, he retired from its active duties. We find, by 
 a reference to the records, that he officiated but very little as 
 an active officer, except in the French language, but gave up 
 the whole management of affairs to the " Grand Committee of 
 General Administration," a list of which has been given, and' 
 which may be referred to at page 108. 
 
 Now, one of the principal charges brought against Mr. Cer- 
 neau is, that he established the Sovereign Grand Consistory 
 and Supreme Council, for the purpose of pocketing the funds 
 or making money from it. A charge of this kind, brought 
 against the honorable and high-minded men who composed 
 those bodies, would be simply ridiculous, and not worthy of the 
 time it would take to write out a refutation. The names of 
 
130 SCOTTISH RITE, ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED. 
 
 the brethren mentioned, as composing those bodies, are too 
 well known by the community, and their memories are too 
 warmly cherished by the fraternity, and by the world, to re- 
 quire a refutation here. And if such charges should be made 
 in this day, they would scarcely be credited by the youngest 
 and most uninformed member of the institution. 
 
 There was now no obstacle in the way. The Sovereign 
 Grand Consistory of the Ancient Scottish Eite of Heredom 
 had been regularly and constitutionally formed, her officers in- 
 stalled, the Statutes and General Regulations of the Order 
 complied with, and application made to other bodies for recog- 
 nition and confirmation. The founding and establishment of 
 the body had been published to the world, with a list of the 
 degrees over which the Sovereign Grand Consistory claimed 
 control. But there were difBculties to contend with, which 
 have not yet been alluded to, and which we shall now endeavor 
 to explain. And in order to do so we shall go back a little in 
 the history, preceding what is to come with a short history of 
 Abraham Jacobs, a Hebrew schoolmaster, who took up his resi- 
 dence in New York city in the year 1803 or 1804. The facts 
 given are taken from his own Register and Diary, and parts of 
 them published in the Appendix, Document No. 15. The orig- 
 inal Diary and Register are in possession of the Supreme 
 Grand Council from which the document in the Appendix is 
 copied. He died in New York about the year 1840. At his 
 decease he willed, that all his Masonic records should be 
 placed in possession of the Supreme Grand Council, at the 
 head of which, at that time, was Henry C. Atwood, for future 
 reference. The reason why this particular disposition of his 
 records was made, will be explained. The facts here given, 
 being written with his own hand, may be deemed reliable and 
 correct. 
 
 He states in his Register that he was initiated as an Entered 
 Apprentice, and passed to the degree of Fellow Craft on the 
 22d day of July, 1782, in St. Andrews Lodge, Boston, Massa- 
 chusetts. (Here follows a copy of his certificate to that efTect, 
 signed by Robert Revere as Worshipful Master ; Robert 
 McElroy as Senior Warden ; N. Willis as Junior Warden : 
 
SCOTTISH RITE OP HEREDOM. 131 
 
 Benjamin Coolidge as Secretary ; and the Seal of the Lodge 
 is regularly attached.) He states, that he was subsequently 
 raised to the Sublime degree of a Master Mason in Lodge JVo. 1 
 (no name) at Charleston, South Carolina, which Lodge then 
 held its Warrant under the R .*. W.-. Grand Lodge in Europe, 
 in the Presidency of the Worshipful Grand Master, the Duke 
 of Athol. (As the Grand Lodge of South Carolina was not 
 instituted until 1787, the raising of Jacobs was previous to 
 that date.) 
 
 On the first day of May, 1788, he received, as he states, a 
 certificate from the Sublime Lodge established at Charleston, 
 as Grand, Elect, Perfect and Sublime Mason. The certificate 
 purports to be signed by Joseph Da Costa, Sublime Grand 
 Secretary ; also Edward Weyman, M. Gist, John Mitchell, . 
 Joseph Bee, T. B. Bowen and Abraham Saportas. (All the 
 certificates given in the Register are in his own hand-writing, 
 and are not at all in the form or wording of the certificates 
 which we now have.) 
 
 In the spring of 1790, Jacobs had removed from Charleston 
 to Jamaica, West Indies, and there met with Moses Cohen and 
 Abraham Forst. They together promoted him to the degree 
 of Knight of the Sun, and " gave him a certificate of the same, 
 together with a ' Power ' to promote the interests of the Craft." 
 He sailed in the following November for Savannah, .Georgia. 
 His certificate, he says, was signed by Moses Cohen, Jacob 
 Delion and Abraham Bonito (all of them Hebrews) and gave 
 him the power to Initiate, Pass, Raise and Exalt to the Sub- 
 lime degrees, constitute Blue Lodges, &c., &c., dated Novem- 
 ber 9th, 1790. In March, 1792, the certificate, together with 
 his other credentials, were acknowledged and endorsed by 
 Israel Delieben, a member of the Prince Masons of Dublin. In 
 1799 he officiated as Worshipful Master of Forsyth Lodge, of 
 Augusta, Georgia. In 1802 he opened a Sublime Lodge in 
 Savannah. In 1803 he had removed to New York city, and 
 made it his future residence. In the month of October, 1808, 
 he says, he conferred the Sublime degrees on nineteen brethren 
 in New York city, and opened a Sublime Grand Lodge there. 
 
132 SCOTTISH RITE, ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED. 
 
 Jacobs aware of his being guilty of a •wrong act, thus words 
 his Register : 
 
 " October 10th. Brother Jacobs, then residing in New York, North 
 America, in which city the Sublime degrees were not established, was petitioned 
 by a number of old Royal Arch and Master Masons of the Blue Lodge, to con- 
 fer the Sublime degrees on them, for the purpose of establishing the degrees in 
 this city. 
 
 " Brother Jacobs being ever ready to promote the Royal Art, on making 
 the necessary inquiry of the respectability of the applicants, concluded to com- 
 municate the Sublime degrees to them. On the 3d of November following, 
 the number of nineteen brethren (names omitted in his Register, but given in 
 his Diary) were brought up to the degree of Prince of Jerusalem, when they 
 nominated the officers for the Council, and for the Lodge of Perfection, under 
 the founder, Abraham Jacobs, until a regular Warrant should be had and ob- 
 _ tained from the Grand Council in Charleston, and due notice thereof was 
 given in the public prints the ensuing day, (November 4th, 1808.) On the 
 16th of November, the brethren met at their Council Chamber, which was 
 opened by the Founder, Abraham Jacobs, with all its honors and solemnities. 
 They were then visited by Illustrious Brother John Gabriel Tardy, Deputy 
 Inspector General for Pennsylvania ; Illustrious Brother John James Joseph 
 Gourgas and Moses Levy Maduro Peixotto, Kadosh and Princes of the Royal 
 Secret, who, with the consent of the body, they agreed to take them under 
 their protection, and become their head, and accordingly granted them a War- 
 rant and Constitution, and organized the Council and Sublime Lodge at that 
 meeting. On the 17th, Brother Jacobs addressed another letter to the Sublime 
 Council at Charleston, and commnnicated the foregoing proceedings to them." 
 
 These are the statements that appear in his Register ; but 
 his Diary, connected with the same, kept in another book, and 
 sealed with his private seal, shows more particularly his pro- 
 ceedings, from the time he landed in Savannah, from Jamaica 
 up to 1808^ending with this, his last '■ recorded " exploit. 
 There are others, to come after, -which are not " recorded," are 
 of much later date, which we shall give in their proper place. 
 The "Diary" forms Document No. 15, Appendix, to which the 
 reader is referred. 
 
 The Diary of " Minutes and Proceedings " commences with 
 May 27th, 1792. It will be recollected that he says in his 
 Register, "In 1802, Jacobs, having initiated eight brethren, 
 opened a Sublime Lodge in Savannah.'^ Now between 1792 and 
 1802 is an interval of ten years, and by reading the Diary, we 
 
SCOTTISH EITE OF HERBDOM. I33 
 
 find the manner in which he occupied himself during this 
 interval. 
 
 The first entry in the book purports to be, the copy of a let- 
 ter received by him from a Mr. Zimmerman, of Augusta, re- 
 questing him to come to that city and confer the Sublime 
 degrees upon ten or twelve brethren. He accordingly went ; 
 arrived there June 9th, and met with sixteen brethren. He 
 conferred the degrees upou the whole batch, which appears to 
 have occupied his time from the above date to July 3d, having 
 held meetings with them every day and evening. The names 
 of the parties, the dates of the meetings, and the degrees con- 
 ferred, are all written in full, to which the reader is particu- 
 larly referred. There appears to have been one bad character 
 among them, who had progressed as far as the Tenth degree, 
 when they made the discovery that he had been an inmate of 
 the States Prison. They cut him off, proceeded with the rest, 
 and finished on the above-mentioned date. 
 
 After a lapse of eight years, during which time Jacobs had 
 been frequently there, he says, in closing this part of his 
 Diary : 
 
 " January 25th, 1800. I returned to Augusta and found Brother Urquhart 
 in possession of the drafts and other copies, that 1 left for their use on the 3d 
 of July, 1792, hvt no Lodge or Council had been established. He informed me, 
 that two of the copies had been lost, and requested I would let him have them, 
 but evaded it in consequence of the death of Brother Zimmerman, &c." 
 
 So it appears that Jacobs made a very fair operation out of 
 this transaction, and waited for the next set of customers. 
 They were not long in coming, as will be seen in the next 
 entry — 
 
 " Savannah, 17th April, 1796. Found a candidate in James Clarck, and 
 gave him the degrees." 
 
 On the 21st of November, same year, he receives an applica- 
 tion from, fourteen brethren in the town of Washington, County 
 of Wilkes, Georgia, he says : 
 
 " Finding no Lodge at Augusta, nor likely to be, as well as being twenty- 
 five leagues distance, and ' the applicants all men of responsibility,' complied 
 with their requests, and commenced November 24th, and finished Deeember 
 27th." 
 
134 SCOTTISH KITE, AXCIENT AXD ACCEPTKD. 
 
 He was again at the same place in May of the year follow- 
 ing, and confers the degrees on three more — making in all 
 eighteen more — but as yet there was no Lodge of Perfection or 
 Council of Princes formed, nor likely to he. No mention is 
 made in his Register of any of these initiations. 
 
 The next entry in his Diary is at Savannah, 12th of Decem- 
 ber, 1801, when he begins again with a single candidate, and 
 at the conclusion he numbers eleven more, carrying him down 
 to July 9th, 1802. 
 
 It appears that in the following November, Emanuel De La 
 Motta, from Charleston, a very intimate friend of Jacobs, ar- 
 rived at Savannah. A meeting of those who had received the 
 degrees from Jacobs was called on Sunday, at which a Com- 
 mittee was appointed to wait upon him, and request his 
 attendance. The following week, November 9th, De La Motta 
 attended, conferred several degrees, and was with them until 
 November 15th. Through his influence the preliminaries for 
 forming a Council of Princes, and Sublime Lodge were en- 
 tered into, which resulted in the formation of these bodies as 
 before stated, 1802. This fact Jacobs has mentioned in his 
 Register. He mentions only eight brethren, whereas there 
 were eleven, but does not mention a word concerning the thir- 
 ty-four others in Augusta and Washington, making in all foi-- 
 ty-seven initiations. 
 
 His Diary next opens in New York city, September 23d, 
 1804, wherein he states that he conferred the degree of " Mas- 
 ter Mark Mason " on Brother Joseph Jacobs. This act is com- 
 mitted in the face of Mark Lodges and Chapters, many of 
 which were in operation, and had been for years. But as his 
 power, (received in the island of Jamaica from Brother Moses 
 Cohen,) authorized him, not only to do this, but also to confer 
 the degrees of Entered Apprentice, Fellow Craft and Master 
 Mason, to establish Lodges, &c., he did not stop at trifles like 
 this, but went right on, as the sequel will show. He then 
 commenced with Jacobs, October 4th, and by July 5th, 1805, 
 he had conferred upon him all the degrees, up to the Prince 
 of Libanus. 
 
 January 19th. 1806. He commenced conferring the degrees 
 
SCOTTISH RITE OP HEREDOM. 135 
 
 oa Thomas Lownds, and the following July, lie conferred on 
 Jacobs the degree of Knight of the Sun. 
 
 December 31st, 1807. Commenced conferring the degrees on 
 Sampson Simson and Isaac Moses, and by February 4th, 1808, 
 had carried them up to the Prince of Jerusalem. On the 4th of 
 August he commenced again with Lownds, and by the 30th, had 
 carried him up to the Prince of Jerusalem. On the 1st of Sep- 
 tember he commenced with Col. Wm. T. Hunter, Jeremiah Shot- 
 well and John E. Runkle, and by October 26th he had com- 
 pleted " nineteen initiations," of which the following is a iist : 
 
 Joseph Jacobs, K. S., Samuel Phelps, P. of J., 
 
 Daniel McCormack, P. of J., John Clough, P. of J., 
 
 Thomas Lownds, K. H., Benjamin Aycrigg, P. of J., 
 
 Sampson Simson, K. H., Stephen Scudder, P. of J., 
 
 Isaac Moses, P. of J., Joel Hart, P. of J., 
 
 John E. Runkle, K. H., Mordecai Myers, K. H., 
 
 Jeremiah Shotwell, K. H., Richard Riker, K. H., 
 
 Wm. T. Hunter, P. of J., Samuel Riker, P. of J., 
 
 Andrew Sitcher, K. H., Daniel Beach, K. H., 
 Wm. F. Stewart, P. of J. 
 
 These brethren, being desirous of forming a Sublime Lodge 
 and Council of Princes of Jerusalem, met in Convention, nomi- 
 nated their officers, (see list in the Diary,) and on the 6th of 
 November, met together as a body, having been installed on 
 the 3d by Abraham Jacobs, their '^fminder," when they were 
 " taken under the protection of our Illustrious Brother John 
 G. Tardy, K. H., Prince of the Royal Secret and Deputy In- 
 spector General, accompanied with the Illustrious Brethren 
 John James Joseph Gourgas and Moses Levy Maduro Peixotto, 
 K. S., Prince of the Royal Secret, &c. Brother Tardy having 
 produced his Warrant and other credentials, investigated our 
 proceedings, sanctioned and approved of the same, and prom- 
 ised his protection, and every assistance in his power, where- 
 upon he was pleased to place our Illustrious Brother Richard 
 Riker, Thrice Equitable, in the Chair, delivered him the Con- 
 stitution, and invested him with all the powers and preroga- 
 tives relating to the same, by an instrument under his hand 
 
136 • SCOTTISH RITE, ANCIENT AXD ACCEPTED. 
 
 and seal, whicli was delivered in the presence of our Illustrious 
 Brother, Moses Levy Maduro Peixotto, John James Joseph 
 Gourgas and John Baptist Desdoity, K. H., and Prince of the 
 Eoyal Secret." 
 
 These proceedings were published in the papers the next 
 day, and a Committee appointed to apply for a Charter to the 
 Supreme Council of Charleston, &c. 
 
 When these proceedings became known, the Sovereign Grand 
 Consistory took the matter in hand. They deemed the whole 
 transaction " unmasonic and unconstitutional." At a meeting of 
 that body, a Committee was appointed, consisting of Mr. Cer- 
 neau and Mr. Mulligan, to request his attendance. They ac- 
 cordingly waited upon him, and tendered him the invitation. 
 
 He declined, and makes the following entry in his Diary : 
 
 " November 11th, 1808. This day Mr. Mulligan and a French gentleman 
 called on me at the school about 11 o'clock, informed me their visit was a 
 Committee from a Council of Princes of Jerusalem, to desire my attendance on 
 them, as they were then sitting. 
 
 " I replied, ' I knew no such body of men but the one I had established, and 
 iu order to prevent any other such body from infringing on the Constitution, 
 and the Ancient Landmarks, we had made ourselves public by advertizing in 
 the public prints of this city, and would say nothing further on the subject.' 
 They asked what reply they should return to their Council. I told them ' it 
 was out of my power to wait on them.' " 
 
 We have been thus particular in the introduction of this 
 part of the Diary, with the names of the nineteen brethren 
 mentioned in the Register, tlie dates, &c., because these very 
 men take a conspicuous place in the history, and it is proper 
 that all who are interested should know, from whom and in 
 what manner they derived their Masonic knowledge. 
 
 And further, to show that Abraham Jacobs, without any due 
 authority from any regularly constituted body of Masons, and 
 knowing at the same time, that there was already in existence 
 in New York city, and in the full exercise of its Constitutional 
 powers, a regular and proper body, where these said Sublime 
 degrees were conferred, did, contrary to all Masonic law and 
 visage, initiate under his own authority, nineteen brethren, and 
 constitute them in a Lodge of Perfection, and Council of 
 Princes of Jerusalem. The letter to Charleston, which he pre- 
 
SCOTTISH RITE OP HBEEDOM. 137 
 
 tends to give a copy of in his Diary, is a mere sham : there 
 being no regularly organized Council there, but instead there- 
 of, a few of his Jewish brethren, who styled themselves by that 
 name. And the visit of John Gabriel Tardy, and John James 
 Joseph Gourgas, together with Moses Levy Maduro Peixotto, 
 
 does not mend the matter, inasmuch as Tardy was never up 
 
 to that period — a member of any regularly constituted body, 
 but received his degrees and appointment of Deputy Inspector 
 General, from one of the travelling gentry ; and Gourgas re- 
 ceived his degrees from the notorious Emanuel De La Motta— 
 all of whom we shall have occasion soon to speak of more par- 
 ticularly. None of these names were ever recorded as regular 
 members in any proper body of Sublime Masons, up to the 
 year 1813, and neither Tardy, Gourgas or Peixotto, ever were 
 members of any Sublime body, except such a body as they have 
 constituted themselves into, the head of which was Emanuel 
 De La Motta, who was Grand Commander, Grand Secretary 
 General, Grand Treasurer General, and all the rest of the 
 offices put together. And all the credentials which J. J. J. 
 Gourgas ever pretended to have, bore the signature of Eman- 
 uel De La Motta alone, the body of all the certificates being 
 written by Gourgas himself. 
 
 .Jacobs, in his Register, thus goes on : 
 
 " In 1807, Pierre La Barbier Plesais, who was initiated in Philadelphia 
 by Augustas Provost, and appointed by him, initiated and made by appoints 
 ment, John Gabriel Tardy, Deputy Inspector General for the State of Penn- 
 sylvania. In November, 1808 (subsequently to the organization of the above 
 mentioned Council of Princes of Jerusalem,) Abraham Jacobs was made a 
 Prince of the Royal Secret by Tardy, and received from him a certificate over 
 his own signature." 
 
 From the above short history, it will be seen that Jacobs 
 received all his degrees (Sublime) and powers, if he had any, 
 from ''individtuds" — with one exception, Jews — who had no 
 powers themselves, none of them coming from, or being mem- 
 bers of, any regularly constituted body. 
 
 Further, that supposing his powers were correct and proper, 
 he had no right whatever to exercise them, in the face of a 
 regularly constituted authority, any more than an individual 
 
138 SCOTTISH RITE, ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED. 
 
 Master of a Lodge, or Master Mason has the right of making 
 any man or any set of men, Masons. In any case, a man, if 
 made a Mason, must be so made in a regular body, and properly 
 constituted as such. And the same rule applies to the Exalted 
 degrees. 
 
 Again, It is evident that this matter must have been a pay- 
 ing operation. By the Diary we find that Jacobs conferred the 
 degrees upon no less than sixty-four persons at different times, 
 up to the year 1808. Subsequently, up to the year 1830, the 
 writer knows of one assemblage, consisting of thirty persons, 
 and it is generally known that Jacobs made it his business un- 
 til a few years before his death, although after the year 1808 
 he was obliged to do it in secret, no record being made of his 
 transactions. 
 
 We would remark here, that De La Motta, in his malignant 
 and virulent attack upon the Sovereign Grand Consistory, 
 made by him in 1813, claims, " that there was already in existence 
 in 1806, in JVew York, a Consistory of the Thirtieth, Thirty-first 
 and Thirty-second degree." Xow if this was true, why was 
 Abraham Jacobs, who, according to his own Diary, had not 
 received the appointment of Deputy Inspector General, permit- 
 ted to exercise those functions ? Why does Jacobs say in his 
 Diary " that the Sublime degrees were not practiced here? " And 
 why does he send on to Philadelphia for John Gabriel Tardy 
 to come on to New York in order to constitute them into a 
 Lodge of Perfection, and Council of Princes of Jerusalem ? 
 And why does Mr. Gourgas figure in De La Motta's list in 
 1806 as a Deputy Inspector General, when at that date he was 
 not a Fellow Craft Mason ? And John Gabriel Tardy, also, 
 who did not receive his degrees and appointments from Pierre 
 Le Barbier Plessis until over one year afterwards — viz., 1807 ? 
 And why want a Warrant from Charleston if there was a De 
 La Motta Consistory there ? 
 
 The author was personally acquainted with Abraham Jacobs 
 from the year 1825 to the day of his death. In 1825 he was 
 in very poor circumstances, and for a year or two had been 
 in the employ of Oliver M. Lownds, who was then Sheriff of 
 the City and County of Xew York. He was a son of Thomas 
 
SCOTTISH RITE OF HEREDOM. 139 
 
 Lownds, was Grand Secretary of the Grand Lodge, and a mem- 
 ber of the Sovereign Grand Consistory. The father, Thomas 
 Lownds, was also a member of both bodies. Jacobs was per- 
 fectly well acquainted with the existence of the Sovereign 
 Grand Consistory, from its very commencement. He stood in 
 fear of it after the trouble of 1809, and it was on the strength 
 of a pledge given by him to the Messrs. Lownds and others, 
 that he would no longer infringe upon the rights' of the Sove- 
 reign Grand Consistory, that he was aided and assisted by 
 brethren, and taken into the employ of Mr. Lownds. In the 
 numerous instances in which he afterwards conferred those 
 degrees, he made it a rule to go out of the city to do it. He 
 always made it a condition, that the thing must be done at 
 least 60 miles away, and if possible, out of the State of New 
 York. The party of thirty before last mentioned, went to 
 Trenton, New Jersey, to receive the degrees from him. 
 
 The history of Jacobs, taken from his own Diary and Regis- 
 ter is given, in order to show the commencement and founda- 
 tion of the difficulties, and the opposition through which the 
 Sovereign Grand Consistory had to pass. The Sublime Coun- 
 cil of Princes of Jerusalem was formed in November, 1808, 
 and their Consistory was iDroclaimed March 7th, 1809. It at 
 once, became a source of annoyance to the Sovereign Grand 
 Consistory, and many spirited communications passed between 
 the two bodies. It struggled for a while to build itself up, 
 but finally went out of existence before the end of the year. 
 Many of the members of that body became convinced of their 
 irregularity, left it, and made application to be received into 
 the bodies under the Sovereign Grand Consistory. Among 
 the number was Thomas Lownds, Col. W. T. Hunter and 
 others. They were received in a regular manner. The re- 
 maining brethren, with Richard Riker and one or two others 
 at their head, applied as a body, but their request as such could 
 not be complied with. The communications which had passed 
 between the bodies, called into exercise all the bitter feelings, 
 which deceived and disappointed men are apt to exercise on 
 such occasions. They referred all their difficulties to the 
 Charleston body, from which they claimed authority, although 
 
140 SCOTTISH EITE, ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED. 
 
 none appears to have been* granted, and the sequel will show- 
 how that body treated the matter. 
 
 We have just alluded to a Consistory, said by De La Motta, 
 to have been in existence here in 1806. He declares in his 
 pamphlet, given in the Appendix, from which we quote : 
 
 " In August, 1806, there were resident in New Tork, the following Illustri- 
 ous brethren, lawful Sublime Princes of the Eoyal Secret, and Inspectors 
 Thirty-second degree — viz., John Gabriel Tardy, John Baptist Desdoity, John 
 James Joseph Gourgas, Pierre Adrievne Dupeyrat, Lewis De Saulles. They 
 formed and established a Sovereign Grand Consistory of Sublime Princes of 
 the Royal Secret, Thirtieth, Thirty-first and Thirty-second degree. On the 3d 
 of November, 1808, the Grand Council of Princes of Jerusalem was lawfully 
 opened in this city, by and in the presence of the Thrice Puissant and Most 
 Illustrious Brethren, John Gabriel Tardy, John Baptist Desdoity, John James 
 Joseph Gourgas, and Moses Levy Maduro Peixotto (Dupeyrat and De SauUes 
 do not appear,) aided and assisted by nine ' Knights of the Stm,' and nine 
 ' Princes of Jerusalem.' (How these Knights of the Sun and Princes of Jeru- 
 salem received these honors has been fully set forth.) See Jacobs Diary. 
 On the 6th day of November, 1808, a Warrant of Constitution passed the 
 Seal of the aforesaid Grand Council of Princes of Jerusalem, for the establish- 
 ment in this city, for a Sublime Grand Lodge of Grand, Elect, Perfect and Sub- 
 lime Masons, under the specific appellation of ' Aurora Grata.' " 
 
 The reply to this quotation is found in the Report made to 
 the Sovereign Grand Consistory, December 28th, 1813, as fol- 
 lows : 
 
 •' As to the declaration of a Sovereign Grand Consistory, said to have been 
 formed on the 6th of August, 1806, it is only necessary to remark, that those 
 who have any knowledge of our degrees, of De La Motta, and of some of the 
 persons he names, must allow that it is lUterly impossibh that those persons 
 could have been what he (De La Motta) professes them to be. It is well 
 known that that body never pretended to any power, previous to the notice 
 of its formation on the 7th of March, 1809, long after the Sovereign Grand 
 Consistory was established and its formation publicly announced. So well 
 aware were the persons who composed that Consistory, of its defects, and of 
 the regularity of this, that after many efforts to sustain it, and much expense, 
 borne in no equitable proportion, by many who were deluded to enter into it. 
 they suffered it to sink at once into inactivity and oblivion. 
 
 " Some individuals who had assisted in its irregular proceedings, convinced 
 of their error, applied for, and received, the degrees depending on this Grand 
 Consistory. Others, tenacious of their pride, but convinced of our correctness, 
 applied for admission collectively, a proposition obviously inadmissible, which 
 was at once rejected, and which could only have proceeded from persons, iguo- 
 
SCOTTISH RITE OP HBREDOM. 141 
 
 rant of our laws and institutions, or disposed to sanction the violation of the 
 obligations they impose." 
 
 It is proper to explain here, the expression which states, 
 " that it was utterly impossible that the before-named persons 
 could be what De La Motta said they were in 1806." John 
 Gabriel Tardy, as has been before stated, received his degrees 
 and was appointed an Inspector, or rather, Deputy Inspector 
 General, October 14th, 1807, by Pierre Le Barbier Plessis, at 
 Philadelphia, where Tardy then resided. He received his de- 
 grees and appointment at the same time, which is more than a 
 year subsequent to the date given — viz., August, 1806. So it 
 is most certain that the assertion about Tardy residing in New 
 York, and being then a Deputy Inspector General — viz., 
 August, 1806, is simply a 6are/ac€d/a/seAood. [See Doc. 40. 
 
 From a certified copy of the minutes of Lodge L' Union 
 Fran5ais, made for the author some years ago, it appears that 
 John James Joseph Gourgas was initiated as an Entered Appren- 
 tice Mason in that Lodge, June 19th, 1806, passed the degree 
 of Companion or Fellow Craft a few months afterwards, and 
 made a Master Mason late in 1807. He withdrew from the. 
 Lodge in June, 1808, having been in it as a member (three days 
 short of) two years. And, so far as known, this is all the con- 
 nection that Gourgas had, at any time of his life, with a Blue 
 Lodge. Now it is hardly possible that Gourgas should have 
 been appointed a Deputy Inspector General, Thirtieth, Thirty- 
 first and Thirty-second degree before he had been passed to the 
 degree of a Fellow Craft. As it was in the former case, so in 
 this, the assertion is simply a bare-faced falsehood. [See Doc. 40. 
 Gourgas having received that honor from De La Motta's own 
 hands, and under his signature, two or three years after 1806. 
 
 The others mentioned, all received their degrees in a similai 
 manner long after August, 1806. But to proceed with the his- 
 tory. 
 
 The disappearance of this body did not put an end to the 
 trouble, for many now made their appearance as Deputy In- 
 spectors General, who had received the degrees, either from 
 Jacobs, or from the body which he constituted, and they, in 
 their turn, commenced the assumption of power, which called 
 
142 SCOTTISH RITE, ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED. 
 
 forth from the Sovereign Grand Consistory tlie following cir- 
 cular : 
 
 (See Document No. 16, Appendix.) 
 
 This decree was issued May 25th, 1812, and required all 
 Prince Masons within the jurisdiction, to make themselves 
 known to that body, and have their powers acknowledged and 
 recorded, denying all communication with those men who had 
 crept into the degrees by stealth, or who pretended to confer 
 the Sublime degrees in an unlawful manner. A short time 
 afterward, in 1813, the acknowledgement was received from 
 the Supreme Council of France, which was published in the 
 daily papers, an Annuary was also printed, containing the 
 names of all the officers, members, and the different bodies 
 organized under the Sovereign Grand Consistory, &c., which 
 'news and documents spread far and wide over the Masonic 
 world. It was this news, and these documents, which reached 
 De La Motta in Charleston, by the hands of his coadjutors 
 here, stirred up all his ire, and brought him on to New York, 
 for what purpose we shall presently see. 
 Ragon, Orthodox Ma?., page 328, says : 
 
 " The news of the success of Mr. Oerneau reached Charleston, South Caro- 
 lina, and the Jews there, apparently jealous of the profits he made by his initiar 
 tions, determined to contend with him for the gains. To this effect they sent to 
 New York, Emanuel De La Motta, a fit instrument for the work, who imme- 
 diately after his arrival, elevated to the Thirty-third degree, John James 
 Joseph Gourgas, Sampson Simson, Moses Levy Maduro Peixotto and Richard 
 Riker, and went with them to Joseph Cerneau, in order to interrogate him on the 
 origin of his powers. He refused to answer them or give them any satisfac- 
 tion, and Emanuel says, that it appeared to the Masons who interrogated him, 
 that he was a stranger to the Mysteries. After having made an ample har- 
 vest of dollars, and after having constituted on the 5th of August, 1813, a Su- 
 preme Council of Sovereign Grand Inspectors General, chiefly Jews of New 
 York city, which had for its first Grand Commander, Daniel D. Tompkins, 
 Vice President of the United States, Emanuel went on his way to propagate, 
 in other parts of the Republic, the great mysteries which he claimed to possess, 
 proclaiming himself to be the 'Illustrious Grand Treasurer General,' and 
 ' Chand and Sole Hierophant of the Order in the United States.' " 
 
 De La Mottn. arrived in New York city in the month of 
 May or June, 1813, and what took place on arriving will ap- 
 pear on reading his own record of the events. The pamphlet 
 
SCOTTISH RITE OP HBRBDOM. 143 
 
 is now out of print, and cannot be easily obtained. Extracts 
 will be here given, but the pamphlet in full is added to the 
 Appendix, No. 19. 
 He says : 
 
 " In the early part of May, 5813, 1 arrived here, not on any speculation, 
 office-hunting or Masonic errand, but in quest of health. Sometime in July, 
 a certain Pamphlet or Tableau, signed, sealed and stamped, was placed in my 
 hands, entitled, ' List of the Grand Officers, Memlbers, Honorary Members, fyc, 
 of the Supreme Council of Grand Inspectors General of the Thirty-third degree, 
 regularly established according to the Ancient Constitutional Scottish Rite of 
 Heredom, for the United States of America, their Territories and Dependencies, 
 held in tlie city of New York. Also the Grand Consistory of Supreme Chiefs 
 of Exalted Masonry, and the constitutional bodies of its jurisdiction, Anno Lucis, 
 5813. New York: Printed by Hardcastle and Van Felt, No. 86 Nassau Street, 
 1813.' On the very front of which I perceived the name of Mr. Joseph Oer- 
 neau, in the glaring character of ' Most Potent Sovereign Grand Commander.' 
 Convinced that he must either have been egregiously imposed upon, or, that 
 he was imposing on some respectable characters in the community, from 
 a number of names which I understood to be very respectable in the city, many 
 of them dignified with titles which that degree does not recognize, I was led to 
 make some inquiry respecting this Mr. Joseph Cerneau, and his pretensions to 
 certain titles ; when I received the following information from well informed 
 gentlemen : 
 
 " First, That this Mr. Cerneau had first made his appearance in Longworth'a 
 Directory for the year 1809, as G. I. G. P. S. G. C, (meaning I suppose) 
 Grand Inspector General, Potent Sovereign Grand Commander (of his) Most 
 Potent Sovereign Council of Sublime Princes of the Royal Secret, Supreme 
 Chief of High Masonry, &c. 
 
 '• Second, By an advertisement in the newspapers, 5th of September, 1811, 
 his new created body is styled, the Grand Consistory of P. P. of Supreme 
 Chiefs of Exalted Masonry. 
 
 " Third, In another advertisement, communicated through the vehicle of a 
 newspaper, 1st of February, 1812, he caused his said Association to appear 
 under the new and improved title of ' Grand Consistory of the United States of 
 America, their Territories and Dependencies, of Supreme Chiefs of Exalted 
 Masonry, according to the Ancient Constitutional Scottish Rite of Heredom, held 
 at New York.' " 
 
 After reciting some of Cerneau's impostures, under the 
 fourth, iifth and sixth heads, he goes on to say : 
 
 " Maturely considering, and ' oalmly perpending,' all the facts connected 
 ■ with the procedure of such detestable Masonic infractions, and from the above 
 'stated circumstances, and a full conviction that Mr. Cerneau was only a pre- 
 
144 SCOTTISH EITE, ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED. 
 
 tender to a degree that he was not in possession of, and was assuming a title to 
 which he had no claim — it became my absolute ddtt, as a lawful Sovereign 
 Grand Inspector General of the Thirty-third degree, to detect and denounce any 
 imposition practiced on the Masonic world, by any individual. But being un- 
 furnished with any Masonic documents, I wrote on to the Council in Charles- 
 ton, inclosing them one of Mr. Cerneau's celebrated Tableaux, requesting they 
 would send me a copy of my Diploma, the original being deposited among 
 papers which my family could not conveniently obtain. Having received their 
 answer and a Diploma, with strong injunctions to prosecute, and expose to 
 view, the unexampled conduct of Mr. Cerneau ; on the 14th of September, 
 1813, 1 took with me four respectable brethren of the city — two of them native 
 citizens and two foreigners, well versed in the French and English languages, 
 who were witnesses to the conversation which took place between Mr. Joseph 
 Cerneau and myself, to which I beg leave to refer the reader as follows : 
 
 " Conversation with Mr. Joseph Cerneau, transcribed from the original — 
 
 " Let it be known and remembered, that at the Grand Bast of New York, 
 on the 19th day of the 6th month, called Blul, A. M., 5573 ; of the Eestorar 
 tion, 2343 ; and of the Christian Bra, the 14th day of September, 1813. 
 
 " I, the undersigned, Emanuel De La Motta, Kadosch, Sublime Prince of the 
 Royal Secret, Sovereign Grand Inspector General of the Thirty-third degree. 
 Illustrious Treasurer General of the Holy Empire in the United States of 
 America, &o., &c., being, at my own request, accompanied by the Thrice Puis- 
 sant Brethren Moses Levy Maduro Peixotto, John James Joseph Gourgas, K. 
 H., S. P. R. S., Deputies Inspectors General ; Richard Riker and Sampson 
 Simson, S. P. R. S., do hereby declare, that I waited on Mr. Joseph Cerneau 
 at No. 118 William Street, that I inquired of him if he was a Mr. Joseph 
 Cerneau, Past Master, Most Potent Sovereign Grand Commander, designated as 
 such in this Pamphlet or Tableau, entitled, ' List of the Grand OfBcers, Mem- 
 bers, Honorary Members, &c., of the Supreme Council of Grand Inspectors 
 General of the Thirty-third degree regularly established according to the Ancient 
 Constitutional Scottish Rite of Heredom, for the United States of America, 
 their Territories and Dependencies, held in the city of New York. Also of the 
 Grand Consistory of Supreme Chiefs of Exalted Masonry, and the constituted 
 bodies of its jurisdiction. Anno Lucis, 5813. New York: Printed by Hard- 
 castle and Van Pelt, No. 86 Nassau Street, 1813.' To which he replied in 
 the ' affirmative.' I then amwunced myself in my Official Capacity, showing 
 him, at the same time, my credentials, stating that I called as a friend and as 
 a gentleman, to ascertain whence he derived his powers in establishing a Grand 
 Council of the Thirty-third degree in this city, and from whom he had received 
 that degree, requesting, at the same time, a sight of his Patent and other 
 papers relating thereto. 
 
 " His answer was, ' He could not comply with my request ; that I, Emanuel 
 De La Motta, must apply to the Grand Council of the Thirty-third degree in 
 this city, of which Mr. Cerneau called himself the head ; that he had made a 
 
SCOTTISH RITE OP HEREDOM. 145 
 
 promise to his aforesaid Grand Ooancil, to answer no questions on that subject, 
 but referred me to that body for an answer, although he had no doubt of Mr. 
 De La Motta being the character whom he represented himself to be, and 
 therefore acknowledged him in his official capacity.' My reply was, ' That I, 
 Emanuel De La Motta, could not acknowledge any body of Masons unless I 
 was satisfied they were legally constituted.' 
 
 " Upon his refusing to admit me to a sight of his credentials, applying to 
 him as a gentleman and a friend, I tlien demanded them of him in my official 
 capacity, as an object of right ; and that I should not leave the city of New 
 York, until I had made a thorough investigation of the business, which I felt 
 myself compelled to do by his refusal, more especially as I was particularly 
 requested by the Supreme Council of the Thirty-third at _ Charleston, South 
 Carolina, to investigate his proceedings, and those of what ho called his Grand 
 Council of the Thirty-third at this city of New York, he still persisting to refer 
 me to his Grand Council. I then informed him I should leave the city on 
 Monday in the ensuing week : that, in the meantime, he might reflect on the 
 subject, and gave him my address and place of residence. 
 
 " Given under my hand and Seal, at the Grand Bast of New York, under 
 the above specified date. Signed on the original, 
 
 , ■ — , E. De La Motta, , — ■ — , 
 
 K. H., S. P. R. S., 
 
 Seal. 
 
 Stamp. 
 
 Sovereign Grand Inspector General of the Thirty- 
 third degree, and Illustrious Treasurer General 
 of the Holy Empire in the United States of 
 America. 
 Attested by Richard Riker, Sampson Simson, K. H., S. P. R. S., and 
 Moses Levy Maduro Peixotto and /. /. /. Gourgas, K. H., S. P. R. S., Deputy 
 Inspectors General. 
 
 Extract Continued. 
 " Be it known and herewith recorded, that when, on the 14th day of Sep- 
 tember, instant, 1813, 1, the undersigned, Emanuel De La Motta, ifec, &c., 
 accompanied, at my own request, as before specified, called on Mr. Joseph 
 Cerneau at No. 118 William Street, the two following circumstances took 
 place which I think it highly important to specify particularly, that they may 
 be remembered and serve hereafter, as occasion may require : 
 
 " First, That in the presence of the aforesaid Most Illustrious and Puissant 
 Brethren, I did ascertain the positive fact, that the said Joseph Cerneau was 
 not of the Thirty-third degree, nor did he even appear to have or possess any 
 knowledge of that degree whatever, or of a certain finger-ring which was shown 
 to him, with which he went to the window and returned without comment or 
 ceremony, but not until he had taken care to examine it with a great deal of 
 attention. 
 
146 SCOTTISH EITE, ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED. 
 
 " Second, That during the conversation I had with him respecting what he 
 called his Grand Council of the Thirty-third degree, he, the said Joseph Cer- 
 neau mentioned positively, that he had been recognized by France. In testimony 
 whereof, I, the undersigned, &c., &c., herewith attach my name, at the Grand 
 East of New Tork, on the 26th day of the 6th month, called Blul, A. M., 
 5573 ; of the Eestoration, 2343 ; and of the Christian Era, the 21st day of 
 September, 1813. Signed on the original, 
 
 '~"'~^ E. Db La Motta, , . 
 
 j Seal, j K. H., S. P. E. S., J Stamp, i 
 
 Sovereign Grand Inspector Greneral of the Thirty- 
 third degree, and Ulustrious Treasurer General 
 of the Holy Empire in the United States of 
 America, &c. 
 Jtlest. Eichard Riker, K. H., S. P. E. S. ; Sampson Simson, K. H., S. P. 
 
 E. S. ; M. L. M. Peixotto, K. H., S. P. E. S., Deputy Inspector General ; 
 
 J. J. J. Gourgas, K. H., S. P. E. S., Deputy Inspector General. 
 
 The next day — viz., September 15th, 1813, De La Motta 
 waited on the Hon. Dewitt Clinton. The following conversa- 
 tion is transcribed : 
 
 " Be it known and remembered, that at the Grand East of Xew Tork, on 
 the 20th day of the 6th month, called Elul, A. M., 5573 ; of the Eestoration, 
 2343 ; and of the Christian Era, the 15th day of September, 1813. I, the 
 undersigned, Emanuel De La Motta, K. H., S. P. E. S., Sovereign Grand In- 
 spector General of the Thirty-third degree, lUnstrious Treasurer General of the 
 Holy Empire in the United States of America, &c., &c., do hereby declare, 
 that having called on Illustrious Brother Sampson Simson, K. H., S. P. E. 
 S., to accompany me to ilr. Dewitt Clinton, we therefore waited on him and 
 communicated, that the respect which I entertained of him as a gentleman and 
 as Grand Master for the State of New Tork. had induced me to deviate from 
 the line of irr duty as an Inspector General, at the same time presenting him 
 my credentials, on reading which he appeared to be satisfied as to my official 
 character, and on presenting him with a certain Pamphlet or Tableau entitled, 
 ' List of the Grand Officers, Members, Honorary Members, &., of the Supreme 
 Council of Grand Inspectors General of the Thirty-third degree, regularly es- 
 tablished according to the Ancient Constitutional Scottish Eite of Heredom, 
 for the United States of America, their Territorira and Dependencies, held in 
 the city of New York. Also of the Grand Consistory of Supreme Chiefs of 
 Exalted Masonry, and the constituted bodies of its jurisdiction. Anno Lucis, 
 5813. New Tork : Printed by Hardcastle and Van Pelt, No. 86 Nassau 
 Street, 1813.' He declared that it was a coUnsion, and acknowledged he had 
 signed the said Pamphlet, together with others, at the special request of Mr. 
 
SCOTTISH RITE OP HEREDOM. 147 
 
 Thomas Lownds, who had brought them to him for that special purpose. I 
 asked him if he had seen Mr. Oerneau's Patent, and from whom he had received 
 the Thirty-third degree, and had derived his powers for establishing a Grand 
 Council of the Thirty-third. Mr. Clinton replied that he had never seen any 
 of his Patents or papers relating thereto, but had depended on the gentlemen 
 that called on him— to wit — Messrs. Martin Hoffman and John W. Mulligan, 
 and at their particular request, had some degrees communicated to him by this 
 Mr. Cerneau, and observed, he conceived it rather a distinction as Grand Master 
 of the State. On my asking if Mr. Cerneau had conferred the Thirty-third 
 degree on him, Mr. Clinton replied, it was impossible for him to say, as he did 
 not recollect, and had as little knowledge of it as his child : on which I, Eman- 
 uel De La Motta, informed Mr. Clinton, that I should be compelled to pub- 
 lish Mr. Cerneau as an impostor, as I was convinced he had not the powers 
 he had assumed, but through delicacy and respect for him, (Mr. Clinton) that 
 I would not take any steps against Joseph Cerneau till he had first seen him 
 on the subject ; when Mr. Clinton requested me to suspend any proceedings 
 against the said Cerneau until he had seen some gentlemen on the subject. Hfe 
 then inquired my place of residence, and on being informed, replied, I should 
 hear from him. Given under my hand and Seal, at the Grand Bast of New 
 York, under the above specified date. 
 
 ' — ' — ' E. De La Motta, 
 
 I Seai.. ' K- H- S- P- E- S., 
 
 I J 
 
 Signed on the original, Sovereign Grand Inspector General of 
 
 Witness, the Thirty-third degree, and Illustrious 
 
 Sampson Simson, Treasurer General of the Holy Em- 
 
 K. H., S. P. R. S. pire, in the United States of America, 
 
 &c., &c. 
 
 We have here giyen a statement in the words of De La Mot- 
 ta himself, in order to avoid the imputation of partial dealing. 
 But it must not be supposed that we believe all that De La 
 Motta has set down. On the contrary, we know that much of 
 it ia false, and shall give the evidence on which that knowledge 
 is based. To begin — 
 
 Mr. De La Motta would lead his reader to believQ, that he 
 knew nothing about Mr. Cerneau and his Grand Society until 
 he came on to New York in 1813, when he learned the fact by 
 the exhibition of Tableaux, &c. But it is certainly a fact which 
 cannot be disproved, that the Grand Consistory forwarded to 
 the Supreme Council of Charleston, of which De La Motta 
 professed to be a member, on two different occasions, long be- 
 
148 SCOTTISH EITE, ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED. 
 
 fore the year 1813, copies of Patents, Warrants, Tableaux, &c., 
 giving them full notice of formation, list of Officers, Members, 
 (fee. They received these documents on both occasions, and 
 De La Motta knew it to be so, for he was there at the time 
 named. That body never took any notice of the communica- 
 tions sent. Bead a portion of the Report of the Grand Con- 
 sistory on this point. They say : 
 
 '■ Having heard that a Council had existed at Charleston, South Carolina, 
 which might yet be in activity, a circular, with copies of the Patent or War- 
 rant, and a Jiat of the members was also transmitted thither, and delivered lo 
 the person whose name appears as Grand Commander, (John Mitchell) to the 
 act approving De La Motta's denunciation. No answer being received, 
 another was despatched, but with no better success. Tour Committee here 
 will just remark, that if the Council at Charleston was a regular body, and 
 deemed us usurpers, it was their duty to take instant and effectual measures to 
 arrest our progress. If we were regular. Masonic courtesy, as well as their 
 obligation, required them to acknowledge us without delay. They have done 
 neither. 
 
 " This profound silence and neglect was, of itself, sufficient to satisfy the 
 Grand Consistory, that the body at Charleston, if it ever had a lawful exis- 
 tence, was extinct." 
 
 Emanuel, in his replication, when noticing this portion of 
 the report, undertakes to give directions as it regards the 
 course of conduct Cerneau should have pursued. He does not 
 directly notice the fact, but at the close, under the simile of a 
 Master Mason doing certain illegal acts, &c, he says, com- 
 paring the Master Mason with Cerneau : 
 
 " "We must be recognized or acknowledged. It is requisite we send copies 
 of what we shall deem sufficient of our proceedings, &c. The Grand body 
 (Supreme Council of Charleston) under whose jurisdiction he (Cerneau) is 
 placed, discovering the absurdity of their whole business, &c.,for the present, 
 mid for good reasons, takes no notice of it." 
 
 So then, they did receive the copies of the Patent or War- 
 rant, with list of members, &c., " but for the present, and for 
 good reasons, take no particular notice of it." He goes on to 
 say : 
 
 " This emboldens this worthy Mason and his coadjutors to progress: some- 
 time after, he and his party declare that very Grand Body, under whose juris- 
 diction he is situated, as being extinct, (meaning the Charleston Council,) and 
 all its further acts as insignificant and invalid. And why ? Because he and 
 
SCOTTISH EITE OP HEREDOM. 149 
 
 his advocates conceive themselves respectable, and sufBoiently strong to make 
 such a declaration, and because they were not at the time honored with an 
 answer." 
 
 See Replication in the Appendix. 
 
 How does this statement of De La Motta agree with the ac- 
 count he gives of his ignorance until he came on to New York 
 in quest of health, &c. The simple truth appears to be that 
 he, De La Motta, was very well informed of the proceedings 
 of the Grand Consistory in New York long before he left 
 Charleston ; that this business was the sole object of his jour- 
 ney ; and that the account which Eagon has given of De La 
 Motta and his movements is correct. 
 
 His pretended ignorance of Cerneau — all that he says about 
 Cerneau's name first appearing, in " Longworth's Directory " in 
 the year 1809 may be true, but this is a very different thing 
 from his " actual residence " in this city. There was, at that 
 time, a large number of people residing in the city, whose 
 names were not in Longworth's Directory. Besides, Mraham 
 Jacobs did reside in the city at that time, and several years be- 
 fore that time. He was in correspondence with De La Motta 
 constantly, had informed him of his proceedings in establishing 
 a Lodge of Perfection in November, 1808, and the proceedings 
 had by Mr. Mulligan and the " French gentleman " (Cerneau) 
 November 11th, 1808. (See Jacobs Diary.) De La Motta 
 knew that Cerneau was a resident of New York city as early 
 as 1806, and had established the Rose Croix Chapter " Triple 
 Jlmitie" which afterwards became " Triple Alliance," of which 
 he gives a partial account. 
 
 In the conversation had with Cerneau, in the presence of 
 his witnesses, there does not appear to be anything extraor- 
 dinary, or that would naturally lead to the inference which D.e 
 La Motta claims. It would seem, from a careful examination 
 of the relation which De La Motta has given, that after a great 
 deal of blustering, De La Motta asked of him, from whom he 
 had received the Thirty-third degree ; also to look at his 
 Patent, and requested information concerning his powers in 
 establishing a Grand Council of the Thirty-third degree in 
 New York City. Cerneau replied, that he could not answer 
 
150 SCOTTISH RITE, ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED. 
 
 his questions, inasmuch as he had given a pledge to the Su- 
 preme Council, that he would answer no questions on that sub- 
 ject,'but referred De La Motta to the Council for an answer, 
 in accordance with said pledge. Whereupon De La Motta 
 becomes the " hvily" and demands both the documents and the 
 answers from Cerneau, accompanying the same with intimida- 
 ting threats, &c. 
 
 Now, we feel convinced in our own minds, that Cerneau 
 acted justly in this encounter, and precisely as we would have 
 acted if we had occupied the position of Cerneau. The least 
 that can be said of it is, that on De La Motta's part, it was a 
 very impudent and arrogant act, and one, that under ordinary 
 circumstances, would have entitled him to a forcible ejection 
 from the premises. And the polite forbearance on Cerneau's 
 part entitles him to all praise. Yet, because Cerneau thus 
 acted, De La Motta would lead others to suppose that Cerneau 
 had no authority whatever, or any documents to exhibit. The 
 true state of the case, however, when known, appears to be 
 quite the reverse of De La Motta's conclusions. We have just 
 proved, even by his own statements, that he had seen and 
 perused these very documents in Charleston, some years before 
 1813, in which year he visited New York. Eead a portion of 
 the Report of the Committee of the Grand Consistory on this 
 conversation. They say : 
 
 "Before your Committee dismiss this disgusting mass of absurdity and 
 wickedness, wiiich certainly discovers no characteristic of the Christian moral- 
 ity of our Order, they beg leave to draw the attention of the Consistory to the 
 insinuation contained in the words " having received no satisfaction, &c.," 
 which leave it to be inferred that our Sovereign Grand tDommander was 
 hound to give such satisfaction. De La Motta has not pretended to allege 
 that any regular application (which ought to have preceded an accusation for 
 neglect or refusal,) was made to Brother Cerneau. But the multiplied abuses 
 existing in this country, by means of persons falsely pretending to possess the 
 Exalted degrees, early attracted the notice of the Grand Consistory, and, con- 
 nected with various insidious attempts to take advantage of the deficiency of 
 our Sovereign Grand Commander in the English language, and of the unsus- 
 picious confidence of his character, produced a determination to have all ap- 
 plications referred to the Grand Consistory. Of this De La Motta was ap- 
 prised. He was told, if he wished to inspect our documents, he should, by apply- 
 ing to the Grand Consistory, have all the satisfaction he required, prcrvided he 
 
SCOTTISH EITB OF HERBDOM. 151 
 
 pi ovid his right to it. Had he pursued this course, hie conduct would have 
 been conformable to that of a person clothed with lawful powers. This 
 refusal indicates, that he was not willing to examine too closely into our pow- 
 ers, nor to submit his claims to that investigation which the Consistory might 
 deem it their duty to make." 
 
 Here the reasons are fully given for insisting upon the 
 pledge given by Cerneau to the Grand Consistory, and when 
 it is known that De La Motta was waited upon, and assured 
 that '' if he would apply to the Grand Consistory, he should 
 have all the satisfaction he required, provided he could prove 
 that he was entitled to it " — it will place the whole matter in 
 quite another form than that which De La Motta has given it. 
 
 Again, The supplement to the conversation added in the 
 second document, contains two assertions, as follows : 
 
 First, That he, De La Motta, did ascertain the positive fact, 
 that the said Joseph Cerneau was not of the Thirty-third de- 
 gree, nor did he evea appear to possess any knowledge of it 
 whatever, and 
 
 Second, That he, Cerneau, mentioned positively that the 
 Grand Consistory had been recognized by the Supreme Coun- 
 cil of France. 
 
 In the first assertion, De La Motta decidedly went too far. 
 Perhaps it vpould have been more proper for him to have said, 
 that Cerneau did not do or say, any thing which would prove 
 to him that he was in possession of the Thirty-third degree. 
 Whether Cerneau chose to make himself known to De La 
 Motta or not, is a matter of very little consequence. It is 
 certain that he did not make himself known. Nor was he 
 bound in any way to act any differently. But when he says 
 that because Cerneau did not make himself known, therefore he 
 ascertained the positive fact, that he had not the degree, nor 
 did he know any thing about it, he was clearly guilty of a wil- 
 ful falsehood. This will be proved by making known the 
 standing fact, that all who have been exalted to that degree 
 by Cerneau or his " aiders or abettors," from the year 1807 up 
 to the present time, 1862, have been received and acknow- 
 ledged as such, whether it be in Europe, the West India 
 Islands, Brazil or South America. The Marquis De Lafayette, 
 Count St. Laurent, Seth Driggs, John W. Mulligan, Joel R. 
 
152 SCOTTISH RITE, ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED. 
 
 Poinsett, Joseph Gouin, Leblanc De Marfonnay, and a great 
 number of others, whose names could be mentioned, have all 
 been received fraternally, and honored in that capacity. This, 
 to our minds, is clear and conclusive proof, that Cerneau did 
 really and truly have the Thirty-third degree. 
 
 In the second assertion — viz., that the Grand Consistory 
 had been acknowledged by the Supreme Council of France, 
 Cerneau told De La Motta the simple truth. So there is no 
 more to be said about that, except that if the reader will take 
 the trouble to turn to the Appendix, Document Xo. 12, he will 
 find the acknowledgement recorded in the Acts of the Supreme 
 Council of France. 
 
 The conversation with Hon. Dewitt Clinton, after the inter- 
 view with Cenreau, has been used freely by these gentlemen to 
 prove that Mr. Clinton knew nothing about the degrees ; and 
 that after having received them from Cerneau, he changed his 
 mind, and would have nothing to do with them. But this is 
 another falsehood. If Mr. Clinton was of the opinion which 
 they state, he had ample opportunity to make it known. It is 
 interesting then for us to know, at this late day, what course 
 Mr. Clinton pursued in the premises. One thing is certain, he 
 did not leave or forsake the Order. On the contrary, he be- 
 came devotedly attached to it, was a very active member, and 
 continued in its service up to the day of his death, (February, 
 1828,) a period of fifteen years after this conversation. One 
 of the last acts of his life, was the signing of a Patent of the 
 Thirty-third for a brother, which happened four days before 
 his death. 
 
 So much for De La Motta's own version of his visit to New 
 York, and what happened to him there. We will now pro- 
 ceed with the remainder of De La Motta's work. Disappoint- 
 ed and chagrined at his reception by those, whom he expected 
 to trample under his feet— wounded to the " quick " because 
 his powers were called in question, he at once, penned an edict 
 over his own signature, as K. H., S. P. R. S., Sovereign 
 Grand Inspector General of the Thirty-third degree, and Illus- 
 trious Treasurer General of the Holy Empire in the United 
 States of America, &c., &c., expelling Joseph Cerneau and hi& 
 
SCOTTISH RITE OF HBRBDOM. 153 
 
 " abettors and followers " from every Masonic asylum on the 
 surface of the two hemispheres. (Appendix, Document 17.) 
 
 It is, perhaps, unnecessary to say, that the appearance of 
 this edict excited some surprise, inasmuch as besides Joseph 
 Cerneau, Hon. Dewitt Clinton, John W. Mulligan, Martin 
 Hoffman, Cadwallader D. Golden, Blias Hicks and Elisha W. 
 King, all active Of&cers of the Grand Lodge of the State of 
 New York, there were a very large number of brethren, active 
 members of the fraternity, among whom were some of the 
 most wealthy and respectable merchants of the city. 
 
 This, it will be conceded, was a considerable exploit on the 
 part of De La Motta. When the question was asked, Who is 
 this royal personage ? the reply made the surprise amount to 
 astonishment. For it was ascertained that De La Motta, was 
 an Israelite, a native of St. Croix, that in his wanderings 
 about the earth, he had at last settled down in Charleston, 
 where he had met with some of his brethren, who conferred 
 upon him, as the legitimate successors of Stephen Morin, the 
 Sublime degrees, and finally in the month of February, 1802, 
 John Mitchell and Frederick Dalcho together, made him a 
 Sovereign Grand Inspector General of the Thirty-third degree, 
 and Illustrious Treasurer General of the Holy Empire in the 
 United States of America, &c., &c. 
 
 This appointment and high sounding title completely turned 
 his brain, and he began then to conceive the idea that he was 
 the Grand Hierophant of all Masonic bodies in the world. 
 Perhaps he was excusable in some degree for these notions 
 which he entertained. The Secret Constitutions, on which 
 the order was based, gave him these powers as a Sovereign 
 Grand Inspector General, and without stopping to examine 
 who made those Constitutions, or from whence they came, he 
 received all the doctrines which they promulgated, and acted 
 in accordance with them. 
 
 He did not stop to inquire, who made John Mitchell a Sove- 
 reign Grand Inspector General, or where he obtained his 
 powers. Although John Mitchell and Frederick Dalcho liad 
 declared the Council an established body, he forgot to inquire 
 whether any other Masonic body in the world, out of South 
 
154 SCOTTISH RITK, ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED. 
 
 Carolina, had acknowledged it as such. If he had made this 
 inquiry he would have been the wiser for it. But the honors 
 Tfhich had been heaped upon him, made him delirious with 
 joj. In this state of self-contentment he might have con- 
 tinued, had not the arrival of documents from New York dis- 
 turbed him. He felt that he could never submit, and having 
 made all necessary preparations, he came on at once to that 
 city to "sfop, crush and publish all such characters." 
 
 We again refer to the Report of the Committee, to show the 
 opinion which they entertained of this famous document. They 
 say : 
 
 '• Had it been only communicated to those who, regularly clothed with the 
 Exalted degrees, were furnished with the means to detect its absurdity, the 
 dignity of the Grand Consistory would have been properly vindicated, in con- 
 signing it without notice to merited contempt. But the means which have 
 been used to disseminate it, will not permit the Grand Consistory to be pas- 
 sive, nor to withhold from the Masonic world the proof that it is but a 
 malicious calumny, in every respect anti-Masonic, and published with no other 
 view than the gratification of private malice. 
 
 " To this effect your Committee submit their reflections on this extraordi- 
 nary proceeding, on the degrees and powers arrogated by E. De La Motta, u, 
 native of St. Croix, in the West Indies, and on the authority of his two chiefs, 
 pretending to act in the name of a Supreme Council at Charleston. 
 
 " Prom these it will appear to what extent De La Motta has relied on the 
 want of information, and on the credulity of those to whom his missive has 
 been sent. 
 
 " It purports to be the act of an individual, in virtue of his own powers ; 
 yet affecting to proceed at the special request of a collective body to which he 
 belongs, and must be either his act or theirs. If his own, in virtue of exclu- 
 sive authority iu him, there could be no necessity, or even propriety, in using 
 the name of the body. If its previous sanction were requisite, why is not that 
 act promulgated with the regular attestations in support of its authenticity ? 
 Wherever a derivative authority is claimed, it can never be allowed unless ac- 
 companied by a constituent act in its perfect form. But an approbatory de- 
 cree is subjoined — of whom ? Of the body ? No. Two other representa- 
 tives, without credentials, start up to approve, in the name of a Council, the 
 proceedings of De La Motta ; and so barren is it of members, that it cannot 
 supply a Chancellor or Secretary, or Keeper of the Seals, to attest an impor- 
 tant document, directed to all the Masonic bodies of the universe. The reason 
 must be obvious. It appears from the very instruments, no such Council ever 
 made such request. No such Council in fact exists." 
 
 (Appendix, Document No. 18.) 
 
SCOITISH RITE OF HEREDOM 155 
 
 This decree of expulsion promulgated in December, 1813, 
 ■was received by the Grand Consistory, and replied to during 
 the same month, as the Report of the Committee will show, but 
 owing to some delay on De La Motta's part, arising from dis- 
 satisfaction among the members of his Council, it was not sent 
 forth officially until February, 1814, at which time it was not 
 sent forth by the Council there, as an official decree, but as an 
 individual affair by De La Motta over his own signature, ap- 
 proved of by the other members. We have before remarked 
 that it was circulated extensively, but met with a very cold 
 reception from every Masonic body in the land. Not a single 
 body gave it even a passing notice, so thorough was the con- 
 tempt entertained by them all, for De La Motta and the Coun- 
 cil which he pretended to represent. In fact, that body, if such 
 it could be called, had dwindled down to five members, and 
 shortly after " fell asleep." It was not roused again until four 
 or five years afterwards, from causes which we shall notice in 
 their proper place. 
 
 This " memorable document" with the " Reply by the Grand 
 Consistory" added to which is " Be La Motta's Replication " (a 
 rare document, occupying nearly fifty pages,) published about 
 one year afterwards, we have given in full in the Appendix. 
 We have also added such notes as seemed to be required, in 
 order to correct " positive mistakes," and as they are copious, 
 we shall not repeat them here, but refer the reader to them in 
 the Appendix, and recommend a careful perusal. (See Docu- 
 ment No. 19.) 
 
 There are two or three points in De La Motta's communica- 
 tions which, although they have been mentioned before, we 
 would repeat for the benefit of the reader — 
 
 First, The fact, that the Charleston body, De La Motta 
 being its representative, did not lay any claim up to this time, 
 1814, to the degrees of " Knight of St. Andrew " and " Grand 
 Inquisitor Judge Commander," in number the twenty-ninth and 
 thirty-first of the system, and in all places in his communica- 
 tions, where he speaks of the Consistory, he mentions it as the 
 Consistory of the Thirtieth, Thirty-first and Thirty-second de- 
 gree. By referring to the Schedule of the Charleston Council, 
 
156 SCOTTISH RITE, ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED. 
 
 it will there be seen that they have made three degrees out of 
 the Prince of the Koyal Secret — viz., the Thirtieth, Thirty- 
 first and Thirty-second, making no mention whatever of the 
 two degrees above referred to. It is therefore clear, that they 
 had no knowledge of them at that time. They also continued 
 the Kadoscli as the Twenty-ninth. 
 
 The Secret Institutes and Constitution, upon which they 
 claim that their new rite is founded, demands, in so many 
 words, that the Knight of St. Andrew shall be the Twenty- 
 ninth, Kadosch the Thirtieth, and Sovereign Judge Comman- 
 der the Thirty-first, in the system, and the law regarding them 
 cannot be changed. This will, perhaps, prove to some at 
 least, that the Charleston people did not at this time even, 
 1814:, possess the Secret Constitutions. Or, if they did, they 
 either could not read them, or else they paid but little atten- 
 tion to them. 
 
 Second, According to their own statements, Cerueau estab- 
 lished, first the " Rife of Perfection," and so published to the 
 world. Again, in 1809, the published name of the Kite in the 
 New York Directory was " The Sovereign Grand Council of 
 Svhlime Princes of the Royal Secret." Again, on the 5th of 
 September, 1811, advertized in the daily papers as " The Sove- 
 reign Grand Councii for the United States of America, of Supreme 
 Chiefs of Exalted Masonry." Again, February 1st, 1812. " The 
 Sovereign Grand Consistory of the United States of America, their 
 Territories and Dependencies, of Supreme Chiefs of Exalted Mason- 
 ry, according to the Ancient Constitutional Scottish Rite of Here- 
 dom." And last, in the spring of 1813, after the recognition and 
 other documents had been received from the Supreme Council 
 of France, the Tableau was published by Cerneau, of wliich De 
 La Motta so loudly complains. In that Tableau the name of 
 " Supreme Council of Grand Inspectors General, Thirty-third de- 
 gree " is first borne. But at the same time, it is declared ofli- 
 cially, as has been before stated, that the Grand Consistorv is 
 vested with the sole power of administration and legislation, 
 including that of granting Constitutions, <tc.; and that the 
 Thirty-third degree is a dignity, conferred as the reward of 
 merit, and is not invested with any arbitrary or irresponsible 
 
SCOTTISH RITE OP HEREDOM. 157 
 
 power whatever. By an examination of all the documents is- 
 sued by the Council, whether Tableaux, Decrees, Patents, War- 
 rants, &c., it will be found that the name of " The Most Potent 
 Sovereign Grand Consistory of Supreme Chiefs of Exalted 
 Masonry, according to the Ancient Constitutional Scottish Rite 
 of Heredom " was continued up to the end of the time — viz., 
 1827. A large number are given in the Appendix, to which 
 the reader is referred. 
 
 Third, It is frequently repeated, and reference made to it by 
 De La Motta, that a Grand Consistory of Sublime Princes of 
 the Royal Secret, Thirtieth, Thirty-first and Thirty-second de- 
 gree, was established by their party in New York city in 1806, 
 at the same time giving the names of those persons whom they 
 claim to have composed it. This assertion has been fully proved 
 to be false, and the reasons given why it should thus be denied. 
 
 Fourth, They claim to be the only lawful body of the kind 
 in the United States of America, and also, that they were 
 recognized and acknowledged, all over the world. It will be 
 recollected that the rite, as they say, was entirely a new one in 
 1802. They then assumed the name of " The Ancient and Ac- 
 cepted Scottish Rite in thirty-three degrees." Thus, then, there 
 were no other bodies of the kind in existence. Between 1802 
 and 1813, a period of eleven years, it would scarcely spread 
 so rapidly as to cover " the whole world." The Supreme 
 Council of Prance was established by De Grasse in 1804 ; the 
 Supreme Council at Milan in 1805 ; and the Supreme Council 
 at Naples in 1809. Besides these bodies, there were no more 
 of the kind — (of course we do not now speak of the Grand 
 Orient of France and her Supreme Council and Dependencies, 
 that is another matter.) As it regards the Supreme Council 
 which they claim at St. Domingo, according to the Report to 
 the Grand Orient, as well as many French authors, that body 
 was a mere myth — it never had an existence, except in the 
 imagination. Therefore, with the exception of the above 
 bodies, there was no organization or system, like it in the 
 whole world. How then could it be recognized over the whole 
 world 1 It never was recognized, even by the Supreme Coun- 
 cil of France, until the month of December, 1813. All other 
 
158 SCOTTISH RITE, ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED. 
 
 bodies were antagonistic to it, especially so when the York 
 Rite was the established system ; and even in France, where 
 all systems are tolerated, treated with the most marked 
 neglect. Would it not be well to inquire where all those 
 •• Masonic Asylum.s " were situated, or to be found, over the 
 habitable globe, from which De La Motta expelled Cerneau 
 with his abettors and followers ? And in what direction De 
 La Motta would go, in order to carry out his often-repeated 
 threat — viz., that he would pursue poor Cerneau, with his 
 abettors and followers, wherever a Masonic body was estab- 
 lished over the earth ? He was not recognized any where, 
 except in South Carolina ; his friends were few, even there, and 
 at any point out of that State, his power of inflicting injury 
 was small, as the result of his defamatory and libellous docu- 
 ments have clearly proved. 
 
 We will again proceed with the history. This controversy, 
 which had been commenced by De La Motta, was kept up by 
 him for many years afterwards, as the sequel will show, both 
 in the city of New York, and also in Charleston, South Caro- 
 lina, by means of circulars, and through the public papers. 
 Failing altogether in consummating the purpose which brought 
 him from Charleston to New York, he, in the month of Janu- 
 ary, 1815, established a rival Supreme Council in the city of 
 New York, thus dividing the jurisdiction. Hitherto the 
 Charleston body had claimed jurisdiction over the United 
 States — now it was to be a Northern and Southern jurisdiction. 
 The article in the Secret Constitution concerning the jurisdic- 
 tion of Supreme Councils, declared, that there should be but 
 one Council for each nation. But when this dif&culty present- 
 ed itself it was necessary to accommodate the Constitution to 
 their acts, and so they altered it. De La Motta formed his 
 new Council as follows : 
 
 Daniel D. Tompkins, Vice-President of the United 
 States, Most Potent Sovereign Grand Commander, 
 
 Sampson Simson, Lieutenant Grand Commander, 
 
 John Gabriel Tardy, 
 
 John James Joseph Gourgas, 
 
 Moses Levy Maduro Peixotto, Richard Riker. 
 
SCOTTISH RITE OP HBREDOM. 159 
 
 Other authors have made Richard Riker, Lieutenant Grand 
 Commander instead of Simson, and established the Council 
 on the 5th of August, 1813. They state that De La Motta 
 made these gentlemen Thirty- thirds, that he might take them 
 with him as witnesses to the intended conversations 'with Cer- 
 neau. And further, these very men whom he took with him 
 on the 14th day of September, 1813, have testified that Cer- 
 neau knew nothing about the Thirty-third degree, &c. Now, 
 how is it possible that they could have testified in this way, if 
 they had not received the degree themselves, thus being made 
 capable judges ? Ragon's statement — viz., August 5th, 1813 
 on this account, appears to be the most reliable. The first 
 statement comes from Brother Pike. Ragon also gives the 
 Council a larger number of members than that of Pike. It is, 
 however, a matter of very little consequence, as the Council 
 existed but a very short time. It died a natural death. 
 
 The following were some of the reasons which brought this 
 body to an end. De La Motta, in his Replication, set up the 
 claim that the Supreme Council exercised jurisdiction over the 
 Symbolic degrees, notwithstanding the existence of Grand 
 Lodges, &c. He says : 
 
 " Although Sublime Masons have not, in this country, initiated into the 
 Blue or Symbolic degrees, yet their Councils possess the indefensible right of 
 granting Warrants for that purpose. It is common on the continent of 
 Europe, and may be the case here, should circumstances render the exercise of that 
 power necessary. The legality of this " right " is derived from the highest 
 Masonic authority in the world (however ready Mr. Cerneau and his gentle- 
 men have been, to relinquish it at once and in toto, which is another strong 
 corroborative proof of their irregularity, or else they could never lawfully, 
 alienate their rights as Sublime Masons,) as can be perfectly demonstrated to 
 the satisfaction of every Masonic, Judicial or Legislative body. 
 
 " Throughout the continent of Europe, England, Ireland and the West In- 
 dies, every Sublime Mason is recognized as a lawful Past Master. In England, 
 and many of the States of America, the Grand Officers must be Royal Arch 
 Masons. In Dublin the Grand Master must be a Prince of Jerusalem. The 
 Sovereign Grand Inspectors General of the Thirty-third degree have not, as 
 yet, insisted on it in this country, merely because these degrees are here but 
 little known, and less understood. Also, because they wished to have no inter- 
 ference with the Symbolic degrees. But they are at the same time fully con- 
 vinced, that the Sublime Masors are as lawfully made Past Masters, under as 
 
160 SCOTTISH RITE, ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED. 
 
 regular and authentic Warrants and Constitutions, as His Royal Highness, the 
 Prince Regent, who is Grand Master of England," 
 
 This doctrine, proclaimed by the founder of the Council, was 
 being acted upon by this new body, and called forth all the 
 energies of the Grand Lodge of the State of New York to 
 suppress it. The Sovereign Grand Consistory of Cerneau had 
 already renounced their right over the Symbolic or Blue de- 
 grees, and the Grand Lodge of the State was in harmony with 
 that body. And the very decided measures which those two 
 bodies made use of, towards the De La Motta Council, com- 
 pletely overturned it, as far as initiations of city members were 
 concerned, although it kept up a nominal existence for a time, 
 by the initiation of strangers. This at last ceased, and the 
 body was brought to an end. 
 
 Ragon gives the following account : 
 
 " The news of Cerneau's success reached Charleston, South Carolina, and 
 apparently jealous of the profits he made by his initiations, the Jews of the 
 De La Motta Council of Charleston, determined to contend with him for 
 the gains. To this effect, they sent to New York, Emanuel De La Motta, 
 who, immediately after his arrival, elevated to the Thirty-third degree, several 
 brothers, and went with them to Joseph Cerneau, in order to interrogate him 
 on the origin of his powers. He refuses to answer them, or give them any 
 satisfaction, aiid it appeared to the Masons who interrogated him (so says Eman- 
 uel,) that he was a stranger to the mysteries. After having made an ample 
 harvest of dollars, and after having constituted on the 5th of August, 1813, a, 
 Supreme Council of Sovereign Grand Inspectors General, chiefly Jews in Xew 
 York city, which had for its first Grand Commander, Daniel D. Tompkins, 
 Vice-President of the United States ; Emanuel went on his way to propagate 
 in other parts of the republic, the great mysteries which he claimed to possess, 
 proclaiming himself to be the tLLUSTRious Grand Tkeasuebb, and Grand and 
 Sole Hierophant of the Order in the United States. 
 
 " The Jews who had been initiated by De La Motta, for the purpose of 
 founding and establishing a new Supreme Council in New York city, were 
 also traffickers in Masonry, more adroit and less selfish than Mr. Cerneau. 
 Among them were some honorable and honest persons, not Jews, whose names 
 served that body as a recommendation and a doak, and under the shelter of 
 these names, they reserved for their own profit, all the receptions, diplomas. 
 Patents, and other monies received by that body, and the amount was by no 
 means small. And in order to avoid rendering an account of the same, they 
 convoked their Supreme Council but very seldom, only when they could not 
 avoid it, and very irregularly. And at such meetings of their Council— few 
 
SCOTTISH RITE OF HERBDOM. igl 
 
 and far between— instead of rendering accounts, explanations, &c., they man- 
 aged always to have receptions, initiations, &c., and designedly prolonged the 
 ceremonies, addresses, &c., that the whole session should be occupied in cere- 
 monies, and no time or opportunity be given for transacting the more impor- 
 tant business of the Council, its money matters, &c. 
 
 They published, at different times, edicts against Cerneau, accusing him of 
 abusing the confidence of Masons, by conferring a false Scottish Rite. They 
 also charged Cerneau with peculation, while in their own body, they were 
 pocketing the money as fast as it came in, and deceiving the honest and honor- 
 able members of their own body, whom they were leading by the nose. The 
 last manifesto which they published was in 1817, which led to a rupture in 
 their own body, and the honest members kicked the Jews out. But the 
 sequel showed, that the Jews who were kicked out, were the main spring, and 
 very support of the Council, that as long as they were in the body, members 
 were made, and its existence was strengthened. The Jews made money by the 
 operation, which alone was quite sufficient to inspire them with great zeal, 
 and when they were kicked out, the Council died. That Supreme Council 
 existed no more." 
 
 It will thus be seen, that this Council, established in Auj^ust, 
 1813, existed about five years, although the operations of the 
 body for the last three years of its existence, was directed to 
 the initiation of strangers and foreigners. The evidence was 
 so strong against its authenticity and regularity, that it may 
 be said with truth, that it never went into operation except 
 to cajole a few strangers, and to take their money. As Mr. 
 Tompkins was never at its meetings, and had but very little to 
 do with its transactions, and as Mr. Riker was alone in the 
 body, the whole proceedings were in the hands of Abraham 
 Jacobs, Gourgas & Co., who made all the money they could. 
 
 The decided measures made use of in 1814, by the Grand 
 Lodge of the State of New York, completely paralyzed the 
 pretended Council, but De La Motta never gave up his at- 
 tempts to carry out his threats made to Cerneau. Although 
 the Charleston body was lacking in numbers, yet De La Motta 
 was strong, in his own opinion, and controlled the few mem- 
 bers to suit himself. Under their pretended patronage and 
 approbation, he continued the issue of his scurrilous produc- 
 tions at various intervals, both in New York city and at 
 Charleston until the year 1822, when the whole matter, on his 
 
162 SCOTTISH RITE, ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED. 
 
 part, ceased, at least as far as the Grand Consistory in New 
 York was concerned. 
 
 Before leaving this part of the subject, we would offer a 
 passing remark upon a part of the " Replication," which touches 
 upon the powers and prerogatives of a Sovereign Grand In- 
 spector General, which runs thus : 
 
 " In making such advancement, are they uninformed, that a Supreme Council 
 of the Thirty-third, once constitutionaUy established, while a single member 
 remains, is considered in existence, or that a lawful Sovereign Grand Inspec- 
 tor General of the Thirty-third, once appointed, is so for life, unless an im- 
 proper act, or acts of his, should vitiate his powers, which, in such a case, the 
 withdrawing of his Patents would be the consequence attending his conduct, 
 and the same made known to the fraternity." 
 
 This is the doctrine of their rite, and although the number 
 of their members had dwindled down to fire, yet there were five 
 members. But if none were left but De La Motta, it would 
 have been all the same. His actions while in New York, clear- 
 ly demonstrated that he considered himself the Council, de 
 facto, and he took upon himself the responsibility. Else how 
 can we account for the style in which he headed all his conver- 
 sations, edicts and communications. They are all worded, 
 '' From the ' Grand East ' of New York, itc, &c." He must 
 either have considered himself " the Grand East '' wherever he 
 might be, as a Sovereign Grand Inspector General of the Thir- 
 ty-third degree, and Illustrious Treasurer General of the Holy 
 Empire in the United States of America, or else it is proof 
 positive, that he had, by virtue of the powers which he con- 
 ceived himself to be possessed of, established an East in New 
 York, by elevating certain brethren to the Thirty-third degree, 
 and constituting them a Supreme Council, according to the 
 statement of Eagon and others. We are disposed to believe 
 the statement of Ragon, but it may be wrong, nevertheless. 
 
 But further. Although De La Motta's Supreme Council con- 
 tinued but a short time after its establishment, in active opera- 
 tion, the individual members of it (we mean those that were 
 left after it became inactive,) all acted upon this principle. At 
 last there was but one left. He kept up the appearance of a 
 Council, by communications over his own signature as Secre- 
 
scornsH rite op herbdom. les 
 
 tary General, written in his private dwelling, and addressed 
 to Foreign Masonic bodies, from year to year, thus leading 
 them to the belief that the Council was still in active opera- 
 tion, up to the year 1827, in November of which year, the 
 Grand Consistory came to a close, in common with all the 
 Masonic bodies in the land. Taking advantage ot this circum- 
 stance, this honest man performed an exploit which we shall 
 take occasion to speak of in its proper place. 
 
 The opposition which De La Motta had made to the Sove- 
 reign Grand Consistory in New York, after it had received 
 the sanction and acknowledgement, of the Supreme Council of 
 Prance, had the effect of arousing inquiry among Masons. 
 They took up the subject deliberately : they examined into the 
 pretensions of both parties, and the result of their deliberations, 
 as might have been expected, were in favor of the Sovereign 
 Grand Consistory. They saw, on the one hand, De La Motta> 
 an obscure adventurer, full of arrogance and foolish preten- 
 sions, without the color or shadow of authority from any regu- 
 lar or well organized body of Masons, laying claim to powers 
 and prerogatives, perfectly absurd and unheard of by the fra- 
 ternity. They saw his associates whom he had gathered around 
 him, and knew them to be of the same school of pretenders. 
 On the other hand, they saw Joseph Cerneau, a poor man, a 
 jeweller by profession — ^from which he made his living — pro- 
 fessing to be in possession of the Exalted degrees, and vested 
 with power to confer them ; he gathered around him reputable 
 and respectable men, such as had the confidence of the Masonic 
 community ; men who were high in office in the Grand Lodge, 
 Grand Chapter, and other bodies ; also occupying the highest 
 offices in City and State ; and having obtained the required 
 number, he placed in their hands all that he was possessed of, 
 in order that it might be preserved, and be honorably and 
 honestly transmitted to posterity in a regular and lawful way. 
 Not satisfied with having accomplished this, he transmitted an 
 account of his proceedings to the Supreme Council, and Grand 
 Orient of France, requesting their approval and acknowledge- 
 ment. In 1812 the acknowledgement of the former arrived. 
 The latter in 1816— thus placing the Grand Consistory on a 
 
164 SCOITISH RITE, ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED. 
 
 sure basis. And having done this lie gave up all into their 
 liands. They saw the respectability of the bodies established 
 by the Consistory in the various States of the Union, as "well 
 as in the city of New York, and they knew that the members 
 of the various bodies were fully acknowledged wherever they 
 sojourned, either in Europe or America. With all this evi- 
 dence before them, notwithstanding the heavy fire of scurril- 
 ous abuse kept up by De La Motta they gave in their adhesion 
 to the- Sovereign Grand Consistory, and from a small body, it 
 became, in a very short time, a very large one — very influential 
 — not of pretended Monarchs and Sovereigns, but sensible men 
 and Masons, willing to impart to the worthy what they had 
 received in a lawful manner, and to conduct themselves as up- 
 right Masons should, under the circumstances in which they 
 were placed. 
 
 On the 30th of November, 1816, the Sovereign Grand Con- 
 sistory issued the Edict which may be found in the Appendix 
 (No. 20, page-2.) 
 
 And in 1818, a complete edition of the list of the Grand 
 Officers, Members, &c., of the Supreme Council and Sovereign 
 Grand Consistory again appeared. It is to be found in the 
 Appendix, No. 20. 
 
CHAPTER SIXTH. 
 
 FURTHER PROGRESS OP THE ANCIENT CONSTITUTIONAL 
 SCOTTISH RITE OP HEREDOM. 
 
 Establishment of a Consistory in Rhode Island, 1813.^Also a Consistory in 
 Louisiana, 1813.— Concordat entered into between the Grand Lodge and 
 Grand Consistory of Louisiana in 1833. — Establishment of a Consistory in 
 
 the city of Charleston, South Carolina Joseph MoOosh P. Javain. — 
 
 The Controversy. — ^Establishment of a Consistory in Pennsylvania. — List 
 of Deputy Inspectors General. — Also a List of Representatives. 
 
 Let us now return to the proceedings of the Consistory. As 
 early as the year 1812, a correspondence was commenced with 
 Mr. Cerneau, by some Royal Arch Masons of Rhode Island, 
 (Newport) relative to being initiated into the Exalted degrees, 
 and forming there, a Council of Princes of the Royal Secret, 
 with consistorial powers. Having arranged all the prelimina- 
 ries, a Committee was appointed by them in 1813, to come on 
 to New York and receive the same. Mr. C. Moore, of Cin- 
 cinnati, says, page 89, Lamarre : 
 
 "The Masons exalted by Newport Chapter to the Royal Arch in 1811, be- 
 ing desirous of having the higher degrees, and the authority to confer said de- 
 grees being lost by the decease of Moses Seixas, they appointed a Committee 
 to proceed to New Tork and receive them, and obtain authority to establish 
 a Consistory in Newport. The Consistory, at that time, gave the degrees of 
 Knighthood, there being no Encampment there ; but when the Grand Encamp- 
 ment of New England was formed, those who had received the degrees of 
 Knighthood, joined, &c." 
 
 Jt was by this Consistory that an Encampment of Knight 
 Templars was formed in Newport — the first one in that State. 
 There was not a Grand Encampment in any State until long 
 afterward ; but as soon as Grand Encampments were formed, 
 all existing Encampments came under their rule. The first 
 Grand Encampment that was ever formed in the United States 
 grew out of the Sovereign Grand Consistory in New York in 
 1813. De La Motta, in his Replication, thus speaks of it : 
 
166 SCOTTISH EITB, ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED. 
 
 " An advertisement appeared in the newspapers some time last winter (1813) 
 under the sanction of ' Mr. Cerneau's Grand Association' respecting the estab- 
 lishment of a Grand Encampment of" Knights Templars, Knights of Malta, 
 &c., for the State of New York. It is another proof of their total want of 
 reflection or information, being in the most pointed and positive opposition 
 with the sacred engagements of Kadosch. To perceive names mentioned in their 
 celebrated Tableaux, as possessing the grade of Kadosch^ designated as Grand 
 Officers in that Grand Encampment, a thing so incompatible with the degree of 
 Kadosch,that every true and lawful brother arriving at that degree, must shud- 
 der at their improper conduct ; a circumstance, sufficient in itself, to cause 
 their expulsion from those high degrees. Does not this conduct, among their 
 many others, evidence their total ignorance of the Higher orders of Masonry ? 
 
 The Consistory in Ehode Island had its commencement in 
 the year 1813. Its work was conducted under the auspices of 
 the Illustrious Brother John A. Shaw, a resident of Newport, 
 who was one of the members of the Committee which came on 
 to New York, and was at that time appointed and regularly 
 constituted a Deputy Inspector General for the State of Rhode 
 Island. It was prosperous, and numbered among its members 
 some of the most respectable citizens of that State. We say 
 this knowingly, having had a long and intimate acquaintance 
 with three of the Ancient or original members, who afterwards 
 became residents of the city of New York — viz., Mr. Noah 
 Cook, and William and David Coggeshall, also with its Repre- 
 sentative near the Sovereign Grand Consistory, Mr. Thomas 
 Lownds. It pursued its work regularly, and existed in very 
 prosperous circumstances until the year 1827, a period of six- 
 teen years. It had no rival or opposition, except from De La 
 Motta, who, in the year 1814, served it with a copy of his 
 defamatory publications. The replies given him by John A. 
 Shaw and Stephen Deblois will show the manner in which 
 those communications were received, as well as the opinions 
 they entertained. They are to be found, verbatim, in the lat- 
 ter part of De La Motta's Replication. See Appendix, Docu- 
 ment No. 19. De La Motta complained of them as indecent 
 and illiterate. But when one takes into the account the pro- 
 vocation — viz., a threat to publish them, in full, to the world, 
 as Impostors, he will hardly be of the opinion that they are in- 
 decent — but on the contrary, the plain, honest, decided opin 
 ions of men who believed they were addressing a mounto- 
 
SCOTTISH EITB OF HEEEDOM. 167 
 
 bank. The only wonder is, that they treated the matter with 
 such mildness. 
 
 In 1813, the Scottish Masons of Louisiana applied to the 
 Sovereign Grand Consistory for the establishment of a Con- 
 sistory, Thirty-second degree, or Council of Sublime Princes 
 of the Royal Secret for the State of Louisiana, to be located in 
 New Orleans. The prayer of the petitioners was granted, and 
 the said Consistory was inaugurated and proclaimed in New 
 Orleans on the 19th day of June, 1813, and became a depen- 
 dency of the Supreme Council and Sovereign Grand Consis- 
 tory of the United States, sitting in New York. This account 
 agrees perfectly with the records, which further state, that the 
 Most Illustrious Brother John Pinard was appointed Deputy 
 Inspector General for that State, and Illustrious President of 
 the Council ; and that James B. Durand, of New York city, 
 was the Representative, accredited near the Sovereign Grand 
 Consistory, sitting in New York. The record also contains a 
 return of the members of the Council, and the officers installed, 
 which list was afterwards published in the Annuary of 1816, 
 and again in 1818. 
 
 Mr. Foulhouse, in speaking of the Consistory, says : 
 
 •' The presumptuous circular of the Charleston people of 1802, had pro- 
 <iuced no effect in the Masonic world. It was despised in the North of the 
 United States, and the pretensions therein expressed were laughed at in 
 Prance, whilst in the Southern portion of the United States, it was held as a 
 nullity beneath consideration. The archives of the Grand Consistory, founded 
 in Louisiana in 1813, literally show, that its founders called on the Council 
 presided over in New York by Joseph Cerneau, to obtain the Constitutive 
 Charter, under which they and their successors invariably worked, until the 
 formation of our Supreme Council in 1839, a period of twenty-six years. 
 
 " No one in Louisiana, we presume, will aver, that the wise founders of that 
 Consistory in 1813, were ignorant of the denunciations published by Dalcho 
 and his colleagues against Joseph Cerneau and his Council. They held De 
 La Motta, Mitchell and Dalcho as beings of no Masonic value whatever. They 
 contented themselves with a Consistory, and having Consistorial letters only 
 to ask, it certainly was immaterial to them to obtain them, either of De La 
 Motta or of Joseph Cerneau, and they could have no other object, except that 
 of working under a competent jurisdiction. The question was not with them, 
 one of authority and government, but of mere obedience, and considering that 
 they were all honest men, devoted to their country, connected with the most 
 
168 SCOTTISH RH'E, ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED. 
 
 respectable families in New Orleans, and fathers of citizens who are still a 
 canse of honor and pride for Louisiana, is it not to be conclnded that they acted, 
 as they did in all the rest, as men of probity, as friends of trnth, as defenders 
 of justice, and that their verdict in that matter must be sacred to us ? 
 
 " If we had no other proof of the absolute non-entity of the Charleston 
 Council, except the public act by which those departed fathers placed them- 
 selves during their lifetime under the jurisdiction of the Council of Joseph 
 Cemeau, notwithstanding the circulars and orations of Dalcho, and the denunci- 
 ations and libels of De La Motta and his associates, we would be satisfied there- 
 with, because the worst consequence into which we could then be driven, 
 would be that of doubt — which is not, however, the case — and that therefore 
 we would be bound to believe those ancient and irreproachable witnesses, who 
 had seen, heard, examined and decided all, without passion, and without per- 
 sonal interest, from the beginning." 
 
 We learn from the records of the Consistory, that this body 
 continued in active operation and uninterrupted harmony with 
 the parent body up to the year 1828, when the labors of the 
 Sovereign Grand Consistory were interrupted by the Anti- 
 Masonic excitement. But this interruption at the North had 
 no effect upon them. For their own records, as well as the his- 
 tory of Masonry in Louisiana, show that they continued their 
 work, and as there were many Scottish Masons in New Or- 
 leans, who were anxious to work the three first degrees after 
 the Scottish manual, that Consistory went on to charter 
 Lodges in the Symbolic degrees. And appended to these 
 Lodges, were Chapters of Rose Croix and Councils of Kadosch. 
 These acts on the part of the Consistory led to a correspon- 
 dence of some length between the Grand Lodge of that State 
 and itself, which was amicably arranged January 10th, 1833. 
 The following official letters will explain the same in full : 
 
 New Orleans, January 10th, 1833. 
 " The Grand Lodge of the State of Louisiana, To 
 " The Grand Consistory of the Stiilime Princes of the Royal Secret, in t/ie 
 State of Louisiana, Sovereign of Sovereigns, Great Prince and Ulnstrious 
 Commander-in-chief, and ye all Sublime Princes. 
 
 " Motives of the highest kind for the welfare of the Masonic Order have de- 
 termined the Grand Lodge of this State, to constitute in its bosom, a special 
 chamber for the Symbolic degrees of Scotch Masonry. Consequently, it begs 
 this Grand Consistory to divest itself of the right which it has, to constitute 
 
SCOTTISH RITE OP HEREDOM. 169 
 
 Scotch Lodges here, to transfer the same to said Chamber, and to give proper 
 information of said transfer, to the Lodges now working under its jurisdiction, 
 directing them to obey henceforth the commands and Statutes of the State 
 Grand Lodge in its said Chamber. 
 
 •• Please, Illustrious Brethren, to accept the sincere yows which the Grand 
 Lodge makes for the prosperity of your august labors, and for the happiness 
 of each of you in particular. 
 
 " With these feelings, the members of the Grand Lodge have the favor to 
 salute you with the numbers which are known to you. 
 
 " By order, Dissard, Grand Secretary." 
 
 "LUX EX TENEBRIS." 
 
 Nbw Orleans, January 28th, 1833. 
 
 ■* The Sovereign Grand Consistory of the Princes of the Royal Secret, Thirty- 
 second degree, Scotch Rite, To 
 
 •' The Most Ittustrious Grand Lodge of the State of Louisiana, in its Scotch 
 Symbolic Chamber. 
 
 •• iLLUSTMors Brother : 
 
 " I have the fevor to inform yon, that the Sovereign Grand Consistory has 
 received the communication which has been sent to it by the Most Illustrious 
 Grand Lodge in its Scotch Symbolical Chamber. After having maturely re- 
 flected on the beneficial consequences which are to follow for Masonry in 
 general, from mea.sures which tend to unite the various rites of our fraternity, 
 and which will more perfectly answer the spirit of our valuable institution, the 
 Grand Consistory has given to all the Lodges of its jurisdiction, the necesary 
 instructions, in order that such a worthy enterprise, on the part of the Most 
 lUnstrious Grand Lodge, should be accomplished as speedily as possible. 
 
 • Consequently, and agreeably to the directions sent, as above said, to each 
 of the Scotch Lodges here, we have the favor to inform you that they aE sub- 
 mitted with joy, to the orders given to that effect by the Grand Consistory, that 
 they are prepared to receive new Constitutions from the Most Illustrious Cham- 
 ber over which you preside, and that they have already sent back to the archives 
 of the Grand Consistory, the Charters which they had under its dispensation. 
 
 •' The Supreme authorities of Scotch Masonry in the State of Louisiana, 
 have not hesitated to yield to a body so respectable as the Most Dlustrious 
 Grand Lodge is, the rights which it cannot fail exercising with splendor and 
 justice. And the Grand Consistory ardently wishes that the Grand Lodge find 
 in this cession of a noble and so useful a right, a new proof of the desire which 
 the Princes of the Royal Secret had, to perpetuate between the Scotch Bite 
 and the others, such an alliance as will necessarily be, for the glory and pros- 
 perity of Free Masonry, under whatever banner its disciples may decide to 
 walk. 
 
 " Please, Illustrious and Dear Brother, to accept for yourself, and for the 
 
170 SCOTTISH RITE, ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED. 
 
 illustrious body over which you preside, the fraternal and sincere vows, which 
 the Sovereign Grand Consistory, and aU the Sublime Princes who compose it, 
 will never cease to make for your prosperity, and believe, Illustrious brother, 
 in the true devotedness of your respectful brother, 
 " By order of the Grand Consistory, 
 
 A. W. PioHOT, Secretary, pro tern." 
 
 In this way this unhappy difference was brought to a close, 
 the Consistory being contented to relinquish the right of char- 
 tering Lodges in the Symbolic degrees, so long as the Grand 
 Lodge would consent to authorize the same, and the Grand 
 Lodge being content to have a rival removed — a rival to her 
 power — even at the expense of doing herself, the very thing 
 which she would not allow her rival to do. A Chamber for 
 the Scottish Eite was established in the bosom of the Grand 
 Lodge, and, as a matter of course, the Consistory ceased work- 
 ing in any degree below the Fourth, while the Chamber in the 
 Grand Lodge for the Scottish Rite, chartered all the Lodges 
 for which petitions were made. This Chamber continued until 
 the year 1850. 
 
 In the year 1816, the Illustrious Brother Peter Javain, had 
 been appointed by the Sovereign Grand Consistory, as Deputy 
 Inspector General for the State of South Carolina, and soon 
 after his appointment, application was made by several brethren 
 there for the establishment of the Exalted degrees of Masonry. 
 A Grand Council of Sublime Princes of the Royal Secret was 
 accordingly established in the city of Charleston, South Caro- 
 lina, the Most Worshipful Thomas W. Bacot, Grand Master of 
 the Grand Lodge being its first President. He was succeeded 
 by the Most Illustrious Brother,John S. Cogdill, Grand Senior 
 Warden of the Grand Lodge. The Illustrious Brother Isaac 
 M. Wilson, Grand Secretary of the Grand Lodge was Senior 
 Grand Warden ; and the Most Illustrious Brother Joel R. 
 Poinsett, who subsequently was appointed Minister to Mexico, 
 was one of its most active members. Illustrious Brother Jacob 
 Schieffelin was the duly appointed Representative of that Sub- 
 lime Council, near the Sovereign Grand Consistory, and P. 
 Javain was Representative for the Sovereign Grand Consistory, 
 
SCOTTISH RITE OP HPJEBDOM. I'll 
 
 for the State of South Carolina. A full list of the Officers and 
 Members will be found, by referring to the published Annuary 
 of 1818. Appendix, Document No. 20. 
 
 The Sublime Council of Princes also established, in the city 
 of Charleston, a Sovereign Chapter of Princes of Rose Croix, 
 under the definitive title of ''Friends of Peace." Its President 
 was Thomas W. Bacot. He was succeeded by Hon. Joel R. 
 Poinsett. A full list of the Officers will be fouud in the Annu- 
 ary before alluded to. 
 
 These bodies were established in the city of Charleston, and 
 continued their work in harmony and prosperity until the year 
 1827, when they ceased. During all this time. Illustrious 
 Brother P. Javain, continued to exercise the functions of Dep- 
 uty Inspector General for the State of South Carolina, and 
 Representative there, of the Sovereign Grand Consistory of 
 the United States, and these bodies were held under his patron- 
 age and inspection. 
 
 It would be vain to suppose that the establishment of these 
 bodies, in the State which De La Motta claimed as his own, and 
 which State (Masonically) was subject to his nod, should be 
 quietly passed by. On the contrary, Emanuel left no means 
 untried to break them down. He tampered with the members 
 in secret, using all his influence to persuade them to desist in 
 their undertaking. Finding these means useless, he resorted 
 to public personal abuse through the daily papers there, and 
 enlisted the feelings of one J. McCosh, who afterward became 
 a member of his body." It would be needless to give in full 
 the publications which appeared over various signatures, but 
 more particularly McCosh, in the papers of that city. A few 
 in Appendix, Document No. 21, will serve the purpose. By 
 these, all the others can be judged. Brother P. Javain replied 
 to them all fully, and too much praise cannot be bestowed upon 
 him for his moderation, and the manly course of conduct which 
 he pursued throughout the whole controversy, by meeting 
 every point at issue, inviting full examination of all, the docu- 
 ments, and exposing the vain and foolish pretensions of De La 
 Motta, in such a manner, as to convince everyone who felt any 
 interest in the matter, of the justness of the claims of the 
 
172 SCOTTISH RITE, ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED. 
 
 Grand Council of Princes, and her subordinate bodies. But 
 the controversy lasted from the very commencement to the 
 year 1827, when the Council of Princes ceased. And about 
 the same period the Charleston body became again inactive 
 and went to sleep. 
 
 The Sovereign Grand Consistory, on application, also estab- 
 lished a Grand Council of Sublime Princes of the Royal Secret 
 in the State of Pennsylvania. The Most Illustrious A. J. 
 Blocquerst was appointed Deputy Inspector General for that 
 State, and Representative of the Sovereign Grand Consistory. 
 Illustrious Brother John P. Hurtel was the Illustrious Presi- 
 dent. For a full list of the Officers and Members, see Annu- 
 ary in the Appendix, Document 20. This Council also estab- 
 lished a Sovereign Chapter of Princes of Rose Croix in Phila- 
 delphia. The Hon. John W. Mulligan was the Representative 
 for the Grand Council at Philadelphia, near the Sovereign 
 Grand Consistory. Both the Sublime Council and its subor- 
 dinate body, the Chapter of Rose Croix, continued in active 
 operation until the year 1827. 
 
 By referring to the Annuary, it will be found that the follow- 
 ing persons were regularly enrolled, and proclaimed as Deputy 
 Inspectors General up to the year 1816 : 
 
 The Most Illustrious Brethren, 
 
 J. Pinard, for the State of Louisiana, 
 John A. Shaw, for the State of Rhode Island, 
 A. J. Blocquerst, for the State of Pennsylvania, 
 Peter Javain, for the State of South Carolina, 
 Louis Le Loup, for the State of Maryland. 
 
 These Deputies were all appointed for special purpose — viz., 
 the establishment of the degrees of Exalted Masonry in their 
 several States. It will be seen that they performed their du- 
 ties faithfully ; a Grand Council of Sublime Princes of the 
 Royal Secret, and Sovereign Chapters of Rose Croix, having 
 been constituted by them in each of the said States. Not, how- 
 ever, by their own creation, or individual power, as was the 
 case with all the pretended officers of that grade from the 
 Charleston body. On the contrary, they were instructed to 
 
SCOTTISH RITE OF HEREDOM. 173 
 
 select the Constitutional number of brethren, according to the 
 General Statutes of the Order, and having done so, to engross 
 a petition to the Sovereign Grand Consistory, which they were 
 to sigu. Said petition was to be presented in form, acted upon, 
 and power given tp the Deputy, in connection with others, 
 whom the Sovereign Grand Consistory might choose or select, 
 to assist the Deputy in conferring the degress, and constituting 
 the bodies in proper form, after which, all the duties proper of 
 the Deputy ceased, with the exception of " overseeing the work." 
 The body so constituted then became a governing power in its 
 own State, taking upon itself to receive petitions, institute sub- 
 ordinate bodies, confer degrees, &c., looking to the Deputy 
 only for instruction, and relying upon him as their Represent- 
 ative to the Sovereign Grand Consistory. All the powers of 
 the Deputy ceased, on the establishment of a legal and proper 
 body. This is fully expressed in every Patent issued by the 
 Sovereign Grand Consistory. 
 
 The assumption of power on the part of any officer appointed 
 by the Sovereign Grand Consistory, or Supreme Council, to 
 confer degrees of any kind upon individual brethren, whenever 
 and wherever he please, and under any circumstances, or to 
 " establish, congregate, superintend and inspect, all Lodges, Chapters, 
 Councils, Colleges and Consistories," is deemed by all regular 
 Masonic bodies as highly culpable and out of character. No 
 persons, pretending to be Masons, with whom we have ever 
 been acquainted, pretended to possess these high powers, ex- 
 cept the Charleston people and their coadjutors, De La Motta, 
 Gourgas, Jacobs, and a few others who have received their 
 Masonic teachings in that school. These have made a business 
 of it, and a paying one besides. They may have put money in 
 their pockets, but they have, most certainly, created more con- 
 fusion among the craft, and have done the institution of Mason- 
 ry more injury, than any men connected with the Order, in their 
 day. And it is melancholy to perceive, that the teaching then 
 received, has not yet lost its power. 
 
 With such proceedings the Sovereign Grand Consistory has 
 had no fellowship or sympathy. It published to the world a 
 repudiation of all such doctrines and proceedings, and has 
 
174 SCOTTISH RITE, ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED. 
 
 faithfully warned the whole fraternity against these spurious 
 and illegal Masons. To Emanuel De La Motta may be 
 attributed all the blame. Prom the first hour he became a 
 member of the Charleston body, until the day of his death, he 
 had but little else to do. 
 
 It was in consequence of such outrageous proceedings, that 
 the Sovereign Grand Consistory was obliged to repeat her 
 circular under date of November, 1816. She had, during that 
 year, received her acknowledgement from the Grand Orient of 
 Prance, containing a full and of6.cial recognition of the justness 
 and legality of the Consistory for the United States, her Ter- 
 ritories and Dependencies, signed in full assembly, and sealed 
 in form. If there had been any doubt before, concerning her 
 regularity, these doubts were now dispelled forever. She not 
 only had the acknowledgement of those two Sovereign bodies, 
 but was also in full correspondence with the Sovereign bodies 
 of Switzerland, Germany, Holland, Prussia, and other portions 
 of the continent. 
 
 It was necessary, for the benefit of the craft in this country, 
 that these things should be known, and the acknowledgements 
 spread before the world. New bodies were springing up in 
 every part of the Union under the patronage and auspices of 
 this travelling pedler. The brethren who were persuaded into 
 a connection of this kind, by the tools and dupes of De La 
 Motta, were being deceived into a belief that his powers were 
 authentic, and that they would be recognized wherever they 
 went. And the frequent applications made by these new mem- 
 bers and bodies, for reception, at the doors of Sublime Lodges, 
 Councils, Chapters and Consistories, hailing from the Sove- 
 reign Grand Consistory, and which invariably met with refu- 
 sal and consequent disappointment, made it necessary that a 
 step of this kind should be taken for the general good. They 
 therefore, issued the document attached to the Annuary, No- 
 vember 30th, 1816. 
 
 This document was printed in the form of a circular, signed 
 by each member and officer of the Committee of General Ad- 
 ministration, and forwarded to every regular Masonic body in 
 the country, and on the continent. The result was good. It 
 
SCOTTISH EITE OP HEEBDOM. 175 
 
 brought together all the bodies in the various States which 
 were regular, their documents were received, acknowledged, 
 sealed and returned, and the published Auni'iry of the Con- 
 sistory, which appeared under the Seal, Stamp and signatures 
 of that body, contained a full list of Officers, Members, Repre- 
 sentatives, Locations, Correspondence, &c. In the year 1818, 
 a third and enlarged Annuary was published, a copy of which 
 is attached to the Appendix, No. 20. 
 
 By referring to the Annuary, it will be seen that The Most 
 Illustrious Brother Germain Hacquet, First Representative 
 of the Grand Master of the Grand Orient of France, President 
 in the Supreme Council of Rites, Grand Commander of the 
 Sovereign Grand Consistory of France, is Representative for 
 the Sovereign Grand Consistory of the United States of 
 America, near the Grand Orient. 
 
 J. J. Itter, Representative near the Supreme Council of 
 Grand Inspectors General of the Thirty-third degree for the 
 Island of Jamaica. 
 
 That the Sovereign Grand Consistory was in full correspon- 
 dence with the Sovereign Grand Lodge, Astree, of Russia, sit- 
 ting at St. Petersburg, and that 
 
 The Most Illustrious Brother Joseph Cerneau, was the ac- 
 credited Representative from the Grand Orient of France, Su- 
 preme Council of Rites, and Sovereign Grand Consistory, near 
 the Sovereign Grand Consistory of the United States, their 
 Territories and Dependencies. 
 
CHAPTER SEVENTH. 
 
 FURTHER PROGRESS OF THE ANCIENT CONSTITUTIONAL 
 SCOTTISH RITE OP HEREDOM. 
 
 Prom 1818 to 1828. — Disappearance of the De La MottarGourgas Supreme 
 Council. — St. John's Hall. — Henry Marsh. — Edict concerning D'Glock D' 
 Obernay. — Withdrawal of J. Cerneau as Grand Commander, and becomes 
 " Honorary " in 1821. — Succeeded by Hon. John W. Mulligan as Grand 
 
 Commander, 1822 Seth Driggs appointed a Deputy Inspector General for 
 
 the Island of Trinidad. — Hon. John W. Mulligan resigns in 1823, and is 
 succeeded by Hon. Dewitt Clinton as Grand Commander. — Edict issued 
 denouncing the Supreme Council of Charleston, South Carolina. — List of 
 Consistories. — The Marquis De Lafayette arrives in the United States and 
 is exalted to the Sublime degrees in 1824. — Charter granted by the Sove- 
 reign Grand Consistory for a Sovereign Chapter Rose Croix, by title, 
 
 "Lafayette." — List of Officers Richard S. Spofford, M. D., of Newbury- 
 
 port, Massachusetts, exalted to the Thirty-third degree, and appointed 
 Deputy Inspector General for the State of Massachusetts, 1825. In 1826, 
 David Jewett, an Officer in the Brazilian service, appointed Deputy Inspec- 
 tor General for the Empire of Brazil. — 1827, Anti-Masonic excitement. — 
 1828, Death of Hon. Dewitt Clinton. — Henry C. Atwood. — Libels on 
 Joseph Cerneau answered. — Diiferences examined between the " Sovereigu 
 Grand Consistory of the 'Ancient Constitutional Scottish Rite of Heredom,' 
 and the Supreme Council of Charleston of the "Ancient and Accepted 
 Rite." 
 
 Having readied the year 1818, in which it may be said with 
 truth, that the Sovereign Grand Consistory, and Supreme 
 Council of Cerneau, was established upon a firm foundation, 
 by having completely overcome and destroyed all opposing 
 bodies in New York, we will now proceed with the history up 
 to the year 1828, a period of ten years, during which, but little 
 else was done than transacting the regular business of the 
 body. The pretended Council of De La Motta, with Gourgas 
 at its head, had disappeared. Many members in connection 
 with that branch, had united with the Sovereign Grand Con- 
 sistory, and the remaining ones were scattered. But still, those 
 who were left, managed to find customers for the degrees, who 
 
SCOTTISH RITE OF HERBDOM. 177 
 
 were mostly persons of foreign birth, and Gourgas and Jacobs 
 together furnished them, as often as the opportunity for so 
 <3oing occurred. And occasionally, a flaming Edict would be 
 issued by them, which was passed by unnoticed. 
 
 It was about this time that St. John's Hall, in Frankfort 
 Street, was fitted up for the purposes of the Consistory, and 
 occupied by that body. It was kept by Brother Henry Marsh, 
 a member of the same, and acting Sentinel for many years. 
 Brother Marsh published the Masonic Almanac and Record, an 
 annual, which was kept up until the year 1828. In each and 
 every one of his Annuals will be found a record of the time, 
 and place of meeting of the Consistory, up to that year. Be- 
 sides the Consistory, occupying the building, were the two 
 Chapters of Rose Croix — viz., the Triple Alliance and Lafay- 
 ette, the two Encampments of Knights Templar — viz., Colum- 
 bian and Morton, and five Royal Arch Chapters, which made 
 this splendid room their permanent place of meeting. 
 
 On the 10th of November, 1820, the Consistory issued a Cir- 
 cular, in consequence of the Un-masonic proceedings of an im- 
 postor, by the name of Joseph De Glock D'Obernay, who, un- 
 der the pretence of his quality as a Sovereign Grand Inspector 
 General of the Thirty-third degree, had created members and 
 erected a Grand Consistory, in places under this jurisdiction, 
 where the proper power had been previously conveyed, and 
 also by conferring, of his own mere motion, the three first de- 
 grees of Ancient Masonry, and transferred the power of doing 
 so to others, within the jurisdiction of regularly organized 
 Grand Lodges. 
 
 (See Appendix, Document No. 22.) 
 
 In the year 1821, Mr. Cerneau withdrew from the office of 
 Sovereign Grand Commander, and took the title of "Honorary 
 Grand Commander, ad vitam." He was succeeded by the Hon. 
 John W. Mulligan, the other offices remaining the same. And 
 during this year a most interesting and valuable correspon- 
 dence was renewed with the Grand Orient of France, through 
 the Representative to that body, Germain Hacquet, resulting 
 in their forwarding to the Sovereign Grand Consistory, a 
 renewal of fraternal greetings, and a copy of the proceedings 
 
178 SCOTTISH EITB, ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED. 
 
 of the Grand Orient, a renewed letter of acknowledgement 
 signed in full assembly by the Officers and Members of the Su- 
 preme Council of Rites. This correspondence was kept up 
 until the year 1827. 
 
 During the year 1822 the officers remained unchanged. In 
 the month of September, Seth Driggs, a member of the Consis- 
 tory, was appointed Deputy Inspector General for the Island 
 of Trinidad, and carried with him thj necessary powers for 
 forming and constituting a Sovereign Grand Council of Princes 
 of the Royal Secret, together with subordinate bodies, and also 
 of constituting a Grand Provisional Committee at Port of 
 Spain, Island of Trinidad. This Council was regularly formed 
 in that island, and Brother Driggs acted in the capacity of 
 Deputy Inspector General there, and Representative of the 
 Sovereign Grand Consistory of the United States of America, 
 near that body. 
 
 (See Appendix, Document No. 23.) 
 
 During the year 1823, the Hon. John W. Mulligan retired 
 from the office of Sovereign Grand Commander, and the Hon. 
 Dewitt Clinton was elected to fill his place. A full list of the 
 officers for this year will be found by referring to the statisti- 
 cal account of the Sovereign Grand Consistory, which follows 
 the conclusion of the history. 
 
 An Edict was issued November 14th, by the Sovereign Grand 
 Consistory, in consequence of the shameful proceedings of 
 Emanuel De La Motta and others, who were connected with 
 the Charleston body already alluded to over the signature of 
 Joseph McCosh. 
 
 (See Appendix, Document No. 24.) 
 
 By this document it will be seen, that the Consistory had 
 granted Patents for the formation of Grand Councils of Princes 
 of the Royal Secret, Thirty-second degree, and Capitulary 
 Charters for Sovereign Chapters of Rose Croix at the follow- 
 ing places — viz. : 
 
 New York, State of New York, 
 Newport, State of Rhode Island, 
 New Orleans, State of Louisiana, 
 Charleston, State of South Carolina, 
 
SCOTTISH RITE OP HERBDOM. 179 
 
 Philadelphia, State of Pennsylvania, 
 
 Baltimore, State of Maryland, 
 
 Norfolk, State of Virginia, 
 
 Havanna, Island of Cuba, 
 
 Mayaguez, Puerto Rico, 
 
 Cumana. \ -r, , ,. » 
 
 _ ■ / Republic 01 
 
 Barcelona, > „ ^f a 
 
 _ i South America, 
 Laguayra, i 
 
 in all of which States or Islands the Consistory had appointed 
 Representatives, Deputy Inspectors General, residing therein. 
 The perusal of this, in connection with other documents in the 
 Appendix, will show the undying enmity, entertained by the 
 Jew, De La Motta, toward all persons, who were in any way 
 connected with the Sovereign Grand Consistory. The closing 
 passages of the Edict are recommended to the brethren ; the 
 assertion being again repeated, concerning their recognition 
 and acknowledgement, with an earnest appeal to the brethren, 
 to abstain from all public controversy upon this subject. 
 
 During the year 1824 the of&cers continued the same. On 
 the 15th of August, the Marquis De Lafayette landed in the 
 city of New York. He was received as the nation's guest, 
 and during this year was exalted by the Consistory to the 
 Thirty-third and last degree of Masonry. And subsequently 
 was made Honorary Grand Commander. On his return to 
 France, he was received, acknowledged and proclaimed by the 
 Grand Orient. 
 
 On the 22d of November, the Consistory granted a Capitu- 
 lary Charter for a Sovereign Chapter of Rose Croix, under the 
 distinctive title of " Lafayette," for the valley of New York. 
 The following are the Officers named in the Charter : 
 111.'. Bro.". Oliver M. Lownds, President, 
 " " Garritt Morgan, Grand Senior Warden, 
 " Henry Marsh, Grand Junior Warden. 
 (See Appendix, Document No. 14.) 
 
 This Chapter met in the Consistory room semi-monthly, and 
 has preserved its existence through storm and sunshine up to 
 the present day. 
 
180 SCOTTISH RITE, ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED. 
 
 In 1825 there was no change in the list of officers. But an 
 application was made to the Consistory during the month of 
 January, by Richard S. Spofford, M. D., residing at Newbury- 
 port, Massachusetts, for exaltation, which request was granted, 
 and at a subsequent meeting of the Consistory, Doctor Spof- 
 ford was appointed Deputy Inspector General for the State of 
 Massachusetts, and clothed with full power to open and con- 
 stitute a Sovereign Chapter of Rose Croix, and also to form a 
 Grand Council of Sublime Princes of the Royal Secret for that 
 State. That Brother has acted in his official capacity in that 
 State up to the present day. He ia now advanced in life, and 
 is one of the most respectable Masons in the State. For a 
 copy of Patent, see 
 
 (Appendix, Document No. 25.) 
 
 In the month of November, 1826, Mr. David Jewett, Thirty- 
 third, and member of the Sovereign Grand Consistory, an 
 officer in the Brazilian service, was appointed Deputy Inspector 
 General for the Empire of Brazil, with Consistorial powers. 
 For the particulars of which the reader is referred to Appen- 
 dix, Document No. 26. 
 
 A Representative, and Deputy Inspector General for the 
 State of Virginia was also appointed this year, in the person 
 of the Illustrious Brother John P. Schisano, formerly Secretary 
 General of the Consistory. His residence was Norfolk, Vir- 
 ginia, to which city he had removed. 
 
 The offices continued to be filled by the same persons during 
 the year 1826, and no event occurred worthy of note. The 
 work of the Order progressed as usual, a great number of new 
 members were received, and the present year may be consid- 
 ered as the period when the Masonic institution in the United 
 States enjoyed unprecedented popularity. 
 
 1827, A memorable year for Masonry throughout the North- 
 ern section of the United States. The officers of the body 
 were unchanged. The Anti-Masonic, or Morgan excitement 
 broke out in the early part of this year, carrying desolation in 
 its course. The Sovereign Grand Consistory suffered in com- 
 mon with other Masonic bodies, and it appears by the records, 
 that the labors of the body were brought to a close by com- 
 
SCOTTISH RITE OP HERBDOM. 181 
 
 mon consent on the 28th day of November of this year. Much 
 of the furniture and properties were removed from the Consis- 
 tory room to the care of Illustrious Brother Lewis B. Timolat, 
 then residing in Pearl Street, near Broadway. The ixnpopu- 
 larity of Masonry was so great, that it became dangerous to 
 hold any stated meetings, and they were therefore secret, and 
 known only to a very few members in the immediate vicinity. 
 
 Ill 1828 the Consistory met with a severe loss in the death 
 of the Hon. Dewitt Clinton, Sovereign Grand Commander for 
 the United States. He died in the month of February, at Al- 
 bany, his place of residence. 
 
 A singular circumstance, in connection with our history, oc- 
 curred four days before his demise. It was the time of the 
 annual communication of the Grand Chapter of Royal Arch 
 Masons at Albany, and Brother Henry C. Atwood being a 
 delegate from his Chapter that year, and having previously 
 been exalted to the Thirty-third degree, bore his Patent with 
 him, and waited upon Mr. Clinton at his residence, in order to 
 have it confirmed by his signature. Mr. Clinton was much 
 out of health at that time, but being well acquainted with 
 Brother Atwood, received him with great kindness, and 
 cheerfully confirmed his Patent by his signature, remarking as 
 he done so, that he was happy in being able to perform this 
 service for an old friend, and that he might possibly live to 
 see the day when that paper would be of great service to him. 
 Pour days afterwards Mr. Clinton was no more, and Mr. At- 
 wood did live to see the day, when that paper proved the truth 
 of the prophecy, uttered as it was among the dying words of 
 that honored and illustrious man. 
 
 We have now arrived at a period when it may be said, that 
 the Sovereign Grand Consistory for the United States of 
 America was brought to an end, in common with all other 
 Masonic bodies in the land, having had an unbroken and unin- 
 terrupted existence of twenty years. It was established in 
 1807, acknowledged by the Supreme Council of Prance in 
 1813, by the Grand Orient of Prance in 1816, renewed in 1820, 
 and a continued correspondence kept up through its Repre- 
 sentative, Germain Hacquet, until the year 1827, (November) 
 
182 SCOTTISH RITE, ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED. 
 
 at which time the works of the Consistory ceased. This is a 
 simple fact — ^it cannot be disproved, and needs not a single 
 word additional, to contradict the base and false assertions 
 made by De La Motta and " his successors." 
 
 We repeat, that this is a matter of history, proved by its 
 own records and documents, and corroborated in full by many 
 living witnesses at the present day, among the number of whom 
 may be mentioned Hon. John W. Mulligan, Joseph Bouchaud, 
 Seth Driggs, Dr. Richard S. Spoflford, and many others, whoso 
 names it is unnecessary to particularize here. How then do 
 many of the denunciations appear which have been so freely 
 dealt out concerning poor Mr. Cerneau, his abettors and fol- 
 lowers ? In what light do their statements appear ? In Mr. 
 Lamarre's pamphlet, page 90, we read— 
 
 " But if our readers wish to know the acts of that ' notorious impostor, 
 Joseph Cerneau,' than whom there never was a greater falsifier, except Mr. 
 Foulliouze himself, we refer them to Clavel, Hist. Pit. de la Mac, page 270." 
 
 Again, same page — 
 
 " Mr. Poulhouze, in his attempts to prove the genuineness and legitimacy of 
 the self-styled Grand Consistory established June 19th, 1813, in New Orleans, 
 by Joseph Cerneau, will take good care to conceal that the said Joseph Oer- 
 neau's powers emanated from t/te Supreme Council of France, that all the Ma- 
 sonic bodies established by him were demolished ; all his Masonic acts annul- 
 led as irregular, and himself denounced and expelled, in 1813-14, as one unwor- 
 thy of being a Mason, both by the ' Sopheme Council op Charleston,' and 
 by the ' Grand Orient of Prance,' &c.'' 
 
 We confess this to be altogether " new." We were not 
 aware before, that all Cerneau's powers emanated from " The 
 Supreme Council of France," that all or any of the bodies estab- 
 lished by Cerneau were demolished, or that he was ever de- 
 nounced or expelled by the '' Grand Orient of France." That 
 these acts were perpetrated by the mountebank, De La Motta, 
 on his individual responsibility, we knew before, and if the 
 author of the above is disposed to make him " The Supreme 
 Council of Charleston," we cheerfully accord him the privilege. 
 
 M. Samory also says, page 21 : 
 
 " On the 21st of September, 1813, V. B., the two Supreme Councils of the 
 United States of America (viz., Charleston and New York,) denounced Cer- 
 
SCOTTISH RITE OP HERBDOM. 183 
 
 nean, who had the pretension to establish a Supreme Council in New York, 
 and the consequence of this denunciation was, to unmask an impostor trading 
 in Masonry." 
 
 Jfote by Author. — The denunciation here spoken of is by De 
 La Motta. If M. Samory is disposed to apply the name of 
 " two Supreme Councils of the United States " to this travelling 
 pedler, he is welcome to the privilege. The denunciation of 
 which he speaks, is De La Motta's pamphlet, and may be 
 referred to in the Appendix. How much of a Supreme Coun- 
 cil there was in the city of Charleston at this period we 
 have already shown. And as it regards the Supreme Council 
 at New York, the records of the present Charleston Council 
 •declare that De La Motta made a Council there in January, 
 1815, nearly two years later. If M. Samory 's assertion be 
 correct about the date, it falsifies the Charleston record, and 
 PROVES that De La Motta did, in the month of August, 1813, 
 elevate Sampson Simson, M. L. M. Peixotto, J. J. J. Gourgas, 
 and Richard Hiker to the Thirty-third degree, and form them 
 into a pretended Supreme Council, as Ragon has already said. 
 But further — 
 
 " The Supreme Council of Oerneau had but a short existence, but his numer- 
 ous victims have not forgotten his impostuees, even at this day. 
 
 " In 1827, another attempt to revive the Supreme Connci] of Cernean, was 
 made by Henry C. Atwood. This did not succeed. However, this usurpation 
 of the rights of the Supreme Council of the Northern Jurisdiction of the 
 United States of America, was immediately denounced in a protest, under date 
 of August 6th, 1827, and singed by J. J. J. Gourgas as Most Puissant Sove- 
 reign Grand Commander. 
 
 " The Supreme Council of Atwood, which appointed J. Cross to succeed 
 him, was unable to resist this denunciation, and ceased its labors." 
 
 We make no comment upon the first paragraph. The merit 
 of that, the reader can determine for himself. But to the 
 second, we say that the Sovereign Grand Consistory of Cer- 
 neau, which contained the Supreme Council within itself, in 
 precisely the same way as the Grand Orient of France contains 
 her Supreme Council, did not cease its labors until the month 
 of November, 1827, therefore there could be no attempt to 
 REVIVE it. Furthermore, Brother Atwood was not a member 
 of the Supreme Council in 1827, nor was Gourgas a Comman- 
 
184 SCOTTISH RITE, ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED. 
 
 der, except in his bed-room. So the whole of this statement is 
 " manufajdured." 
 
 Mr. Cross did not succeed Mr. Atwood until the year 1851, 
 a period of twenty-four years after this date — viz., 1827. Mr. 
 Atwood had been Grand Commander for eight or ten years be- 
 fore this period. Gourgas did not become a Grand Commander 
 until 1848, and the denunciation to which M. Samory alludes, 
 was not issued until after Mr. Cross became Grand Comman- 
 der — viz., 1851. " The Supreme Council of Atwood," as he is 
 pleased to denominate it, is at this present writing — 1862 — ^in 
 existence ; is in a very healthy and flourishing condition, and 
 has been so from its commencement, as we shall shortly see. 
 So much for the correctness of this part of the statement made 
 by M. Samory. But again, same page — 
 
 " Another Supreme Council sprung up also in New York, under the Presi- 
 dency of Elias Hicks : it had but a nominal existence. It was likewise de- 
 nounced as having no legal authority." 
 
 We confess ourselves at a loss to understand what the author 
 of the above means by a " nominal existence." The Supreme 
 Council to which he alludes, commenced in 1832, and contin- 
 ued its existence until 1846, a period of fourteen years, as the 
 records show. It was acknowledged by the Supreme Council 
 of France, at which the Representative Lafayette was located, 
 the Supreme Council of Belgium, and the Supreme Council of 
 Brazil with all of which powers the United Supreme Council 
 was united by treaty. See Document 28, part 2d. As it regards 
 the assertion that " it was denounced, Sfc," every Mason who is at 
 all acquainted with the subject, knows, that not a single bodv 
 on the face of the habitable globe "' denounced " that Council, 
 always excepting the Supreme Grand Council of Charleston, 
 South Carolina, and all well informed Masons have long since 
 determined the standard, by which the denunciations of that 
 body are to be judged. 
 
 It would be a needless task to correct all the mis-statements 
 made by different parties from De La Motta down to the 
 present time. For the present we will desist, and go on with 
 the history, but shall refer to them again as the occasion may 
 require. 
 
SCOTTISH RITE OP HBRBDOM. jgS 
 
 We have shown, that during the time in which the Sovereign 
 Grand Consistory had an existence, it had established subordi- 
 nate bodies in many different States, in the Islands, and in 
 South America, which bodies were all acknowledged, and con- 
 tinue to this day to be recognized by the different Masonic 
 powers in various parts of the world. 
 
 The Charleston body, on the contrai-y, stood alone. Up to 
 the year 1829 it had no acknowledgement or correspondence 
 whatever, unless it be mentioned, that in the month of Decem- 
 ber, 1813, the Supreme Council of France did acknowledge 
 her, through the influence of Count De Grasse, who was after- 
 wards expelled himself. The first recognition of that body by 
 the Grand Orient of France, was in the year 1829 or 1830 — 
 after the Sovereign Grand Consistory had ceased its corres- 
 pondence. And the recognition at this time was obtained by 
 deception, which we shall have occasion to speak of in its 
 proper place. (See Chapter VIII.) 
 
 Mr. Lamarre, in his book, page 64, says : 
 
 '■ What is evident is, that since 1829 at least, its relations have been with 
 the Grand Orient, and that it has never maintained any with the Supreme 
 Council of France, since its revival in 1821. It (the Charleston Council) 
 was itself inactive for a long time, maintaining its organization, to he sure, and 
 administering the rite at hoTtie, but very indolently, and not keeping up its corres- 
 pondence vjith foreign bodies ; and it never took the trouble to examine into 
 the questions discussed between the Grand Orient and the Supreme Council : 
 and when it did take sides, it did so simply by allying itself with the Grand 
 Orient.' 
 
 Here we learn the truth of what we have before stated, viz., 
 that the Charleston body was of very little consequence as a 
 body, during all the time that De La Motta was employed in 
 performing his antics, viz., from 1814 to 1821, at which time, 
 says Lamarre, it was revived. In 1813 it consisted of five 
 members. Between 1802 and 1822 not a single addition was 
 made, and its number had dwindled down to five. In 1822 
 four members were admitted, one of whom was the Illustrious 
 McCosh. And the revival was doubtless caused by the efforts 
 of McCosh through the instructions of his teacher, De La Mot- 
 ta, but no acknowledgement took place until the Sovereign 
 . Grand Consistory had ceased its correspondence, viz., 1829. 
 
186 SCOTTISH RITE, ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED. 
 
 We will now devote a short space to the examination of the 
 two bodies, and point out the differences between them. The 
 difference will be evident. 
 
 First, in the " name.'" Thus, the body at Charleston claims to 
 have established in 1801, an entire new rite, consisting of 
 thirty-three degrees, and has given it the name of the " Ancient 
 and Accepted Scottish Rite." They drop all other names, and 
 declare this one to be the distinguishing feature of their system. 
 It is quite unnecessary for me again to go over the ground, 
 showing in what way this new rite is composed, and how it has 
 been made up. That we know already. This name has been 
 continued up to the present time. 
 
 The body known as the " New York body," the " Cerneau 
 Council," the " Consistory, fyc," called its rite " The Ancient 
 Constitutional Scottish Rite of Heredom." This name, and style 
 was taken up at the commencement in 1807, and continued, 
 without variation, up to 1827, the period of its end, brought 
 about by the anti-masonic excitement, as may be proved 
 from all the published and written documents, emanating from 
 that body, whether Tableaux, Circulars, Warrants, Patents, 
 Records, &c. The rite, like the other, consisted of thirty- 
 three degrees, but were somewhat different in their arrange- 
 ment, being derived from the Grand Orient of France, and not 
 from the Supreme Council of Prance. It has before been ex- 
 plained how the Grand Orient came into the possession of 
 them, and how, and by what means the system was completed, 
 and made known in 1805, at the rupture with the Supreme 
 Council of Prance, at which time the Grand Orient established 
 a Supreme Council of its own. The two degrees known as the 
 " Knight of St. Andrew " and " Grand Inquisitor Commander " 
 it had and possessed, long before they were known to the 
 Charleston body. They were not mentioned by that body, in 
 its Schedule or " claim," or taken up by them until they had 
 manufactured their Secret Constitutions, in which they laid 
 claim to them, and they were publicly inserted in their Schedule 
 by De La Motta, after the year 1814. Up to that time Kadosch 
 was numbered as the Twenty-ninth degree, and the Thirtieth, 
 
SCOTTISH RITE OP HERBDOM. 187 
 
 Thirty-first and Thirty-second was the Sublime Prince of the 
 Royal Secret. The " Commander of the Tempk " was in 
 possession of the Grand Orient for years before Montmain 
 conferred it in Charleston as a detached degree. 
 
 Second, In the government of the bodies. The body at 
 Charleston declares itself to be a Supreme Grand Council of 
 the Thirty-third and last degree, composed of Sovereign Grand 
 Inspectors General, nine in number, which Council is the 
 governing body of the whole order, of all Masonic degrees, 
 Ancient and Modern. It claims to be a body of the last 
 resort, and from whose decisions there is no appeal. 
 
 The body at New York styled itself ,the " Sovereign Grand 
 Consistory." It was composed of all the Chiefs of Exalted 
 Masonry, Thirty-second and Thirty-third degrees. It was the 
 governing body of the rite which it claimed to work, and did 
 not meddle with any other. In other words, the name of 
 Sovereign Grand Consistory was merely another term for 
 " Orient or East," like the Grand Orients of France, Brazil and 
 New Granada. They are Easts which have Supreme Councils 
 in their " bosom," as they themselves are pleased to speak. 
 All the subordinate bodies are under their conti'ol. The 
 Consistory conferred no degrees whatever, but occupied pre- 
 cisely the same position as Grand Lodges occupy toward their 
 subordinate Lodges. The Grand Consistory was vested with 
 the sole power of administration and legislation, including that 
 of granting Constitutions in all the degrees which appertain 
 to Exalted Masonry. 
 
 Third, In the powers granted to, and claimed by the Sove- 
 reign Grand Inspectors General of the Thirty-third degree, in 
 their individual capacity. 
 
 The Charleston body declares, that each and every Sove- 
 reign Grand Inspector General of the Thirty-third degree, is 
 made so for life, and is a " Sovereign in Masonry " in his 
 individual capacity, wherever he may be. Hence, he has the 
 right to initiate members or to take men who know nothing of 
 Masonry, and initiate them into the first three degrees, and so 
 on, up to the last or Thirty-third (but not into Thirty- third). 
 Also to inspect the work of all Lodges, Chapters, Colleges and 
 
188 SCOTTISH EITE, ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED. 
 
 Consistories, aad to direct the same. Also to constitute Blue 
 Lodges, Chapters, Encampmeiits, &c., in the face of any, or all 
 other authority, and a variety of other things. They profess 
 to be beyond the reach of accusation, trial or discipline, and 
 are, in fact, the rulers of all Ma.sonic bodies in their individual 
 capacity. The Patents issued by that body contain the follow- 
 ing words : "And we hereby authorize, and empower for life, 
 our said Illustrious Brother, to Establish, Congregate. Superin- 
 tend and Instruct, Lodges, Chapters. Colleges, Consistories 
 and Councils, of the B,oyal and Military Order of Ancient and 
 Modern Free Masons, over the surface of the two hemispheres, 
 agreeable to the Grand Constitutions." They " waive '' their 
 right over the first three degrees, but can take it again when 
 they please. 
 
 The New York body declares, that the establishment of a 
 Grand Consistory or East absolutely supersedes the individual 
 authority of Sovereign Grand Inspectors General, in the regu- 
 lation and government of the order. As to this degree of 
 Sovereign Grand Inspector General, in rank the Thirty-third, 
 the laws and regulations direct the manner in which the mem- 
 bers on whom it is conferred, shall be selected. It is a dignity 
 granted as the reward of merit and experience. Those who 
 are invested with it, do not possess the arbitrary and irrespou 
 sible power, which some, who profess to act under Secret Con- 
 stitutions, imagine they are authorized to exercise. This body 
 never pretended to have any control over the first three 
 degrees. 
 
 Fourth, The Constitution and Laws which govern them. 
 
 The Charleston body is based upon the Constitution and 
 Institutes which have been attributed to Frederick of Prussia, 
 said to have been made in 17SG, and pretends to retain all the 
 rights and immunities therein contained. We do not think it 
 necessary to particularize. They are to be found in the Ap- 
 pendix — Document 28 and 29. 
 
 The New York body, in common with the Grand Orient of 
 France, repudiates that Constitution, the Institutes, the whole 
 history relating to Frederick of Prussia, and declares itself to 
 be governed by the General Laws and Statutes of Free Mason- 
 
SCOTl'ISH RITE OF HEREDOM. 189 
 
 ry. It denies, in toto, the power of Individual Inspectors to 
 initiate Masons, confer degrees, establish Lodges, or any other 
 matters connected with Masonry, and holds firmly to the doc- 
 trine of " derivation," without which, no Masonic body, what- 
 ever its name or title may be, can be legal or correct. The 
 doctrines and laws of the Sovereign Grand Consistory were 
 entirely the reverse of those of the Ancient and Accepted Rite. 
 In every act of the Consistory from its very commencement to 
 its end in 1827, in every circular it issued, in every Warrant 
 it gave, in every power vested, the truth of this assertion will 
 be clearly manifest. 
 
 Dr. Oliver, in writing upon this subject, says : 
 
 " In America, the ' hautes grades ' are protected under the authority of one 
 Supreme Council, which professes to extend its authority over the two hemis- 
 pheres, as they are technically called, comprising, however, only North and 
 South America, Terra Pirma and the Canary Islands. This Supreme Council 
 possesses extensive powers, and delegates to Consistories and to individuals, the 
 privilege of forming Lodges, Chapters, Councils, Colleges, Consistories and Grand 
 Councils for practicing and admitting candidates to all the degrees of Free 
 Masonry, which are known or acknowledged throughout the whole extent of its 
 territorial jurisdiction, and under this ample authority, the ' hautes grades,' to 
 an incredible number, are conferred in the New World, (meaning the United 
 Supreme Council for the Western Hemisphere.) 
 
 " It should appear that the Supreme Council of the United States, was con- 
 nected with the Rite Ancien of Prance (Supreme Council) , but New York 
 possessed a Sovereign Grand Consistory connected with the Grand Orient of 
 Prance, and Brother Joseph CerneaUj a French Mason, held at one and the 
 same time, the ofiSce of Honorary Member of the Grand Orient, Sovereign 
 Grand Commander of the Grand Consistory of New York, and Sovereign 
 Grand Commander for life, of the Supreme Council of the United States of 
 America." 
 
 Such were the powers claimed then by the Charleston body, 
 and such are the powers claimed now, at this present day. 
 And all their actions have been in perfect accordance with 
 these powers. Leaving without repetition the proceedings of 
 Stephen Morin, Prankin, Hayes, Da Costa, Myers, Cohen, 
 Long, Bush, Spitzer, Porst and others, we will again refer to 
 De La Motta, who used these powers quite as often and as 
 boldly as the rest. He initiated all he could find. He exalted 
 Sampson Simson, M. L. M. Peixotto, J. J. J. Gourgas, Richard 
 
190 SCOTTISH BITE, ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED. 
 
 Riker and Daniel D. Tompkins, and afterwards declared them 
 a Supreme Grand Council for the Northern Jurisdiction, be- 
 sides a host of other appointments which it is needless to 
 mention. 
 
 Of the history of Abraham Jacobs, and the manner in which 
 he received the degrees, the reader is already informed. It ap- 
 pears under his own hand, that all the Sublime degrees which 
 he ever received, were conferred upon him by individuals, that 
 he was never received into any regular body, and all the power 
 or authority that he ever had, was this same individual power. 
 From 1804 up to the day of his death, he resided in the city of 
 New York ; and it is a well known fact, that whenever called 
 upon, Jacobs never hesitated to confer the degrees upon all 
 who would pay him well for them, holding himself accountable 
 to no person, or body of Masons, and infringing upon the laws 
 of the Order, as often as he could get a favorable opportunity. 
 
 The reader is referred to the Circular of 1812, and to the 
 Patents published in the Appendix, issued by the Sovereign 
 Grand Consistory. Let us examine, for a moment, the Patent 
 of Brother Seth Driggs. 
 
 First, As a member of the Consistory, he is appointed Deputy 
 Inspector General for the Island of Trinidad, to the end that 
 he may establish in the town " Port of Spain," Island of Trini- 
 dad, a Grand Provisional Committee of Sublime Princes of the 
 Royal Secret, and will call to his aid all the regular Sublime 
 Princes of the Royal Secret in the island, and send to the 
 Sovereign Grand Consistory a true account of his proceedings, 
 in order to obtain the ratification of the same. The Grand 
 Provisional Committee, thus established and governed by 
 Brother Driggs, shall then solicit from the Sovereign Grand 
 Consistory, a Charter for the establishment of a Sovereign 
 Chapter of Princes of Rose Croix, and a Constitutional Patent 
 for the establishment of a Grand Council of Sublime Princes 
 of the Royal Secret for the said island of Trinidad, and to be 
 careful that the Statutes and General Regulations of Exalted 
 Masonry, and particularly those of the Sovereign Grand Con- 
 sistory, are carefully observed. 
 
 Second, That when the Gi-and Council of Princes of the 
 
SCOTTISH RITE OP HBRBDOM. 191 
 
 Royal Secret shall be so established in the island aforesaid, 
 full and absolute power shall be concentrated in that body. 
 
 Third, Appoints him to the duty of inspecting the regularity 
 of proceedings on all occasions, &c. 
 
 But the Patent of Brother Spofford, of Newburyport, Massa- 
 chusetts, is still more decided and clear — 
 
 First, His regular membership with the Consistory is de- 
 clared. 
 
 Second, He is clothed with the dignity of Deputy Inspector 
 General for the State of Massachusetts. 
 
 Third, He is clothed with full power and authority to ele- 
 vate seven Masons (already regularly admitted to the three 
 first degrees), whom he shall deem worthy by their virtues and 
 their zeal for the Royal Art, to all the degrees of Exalted 
 Masonry, from the Fourth degree, or Secret Master, to the 
 Thirty-second degree, or Sublime Princes of the Royal Secret, 
 both inclusive, to the end that he may establish in the said 
 State, a Grand Provisional Committee of Sublime Princes of 
 the Royal Secret, and in doing which he is required to call to 
 his aid, all the Sublime Princes in the vicinity thereof, whom 
 he shall know to be regular, &c. 
 
 Fourth, That as soon as a Grand Council of Sublime Princes 
 of the Royal Secret, in and for the State of Massachusetts, 
 shall be established, the individual and absolute power hereby 
 abovementioned, vested in our said Brother Spofford, shall 
 cease and terminate, and the same authority and power shall be 
 and is hereby declared to be transferred, concentrated and 
 confined to the aforesaid Grand Council for the State of Massa- 
 chusetts. 
 
 Fifth, The right of Inspection of Proceedings and Work is 
 given him and made obligatory upon him as a duty. 
 
 Added to these two Patents there are others — also we may 
 mention every public circular and manifesto which emanated 
 from the Consistory. These quotations are, however, deemed 
 sufBcient to show what powers were conferred upon Deputy 
 Grand Inspectors, how long, and under what conditions they 
 continued, and when they ceased. 
 
 The charge so repeatedly brought against Cerneau, viz., 
 
192 SCOTTISH RITE, ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED. 
 
 that he acted as an individual Inspector and conferred the 
 Exalted degrees on persons, and the same charge against the 
 body itself, and against individual Inspectors, is entirely dis- 
 proved. In all cases where the Sublime degrees were con- 
 ferred, the applications were made in the proper and constitu- 
 tional form, the same -were brought before the General Com- 
 mittee of Administration, passed upon, and referred to the 
 proper bodies for completion. Where the applicants were 
 residents, they were invariably obliged to pass through the 
 subordinate bodies in regular succession, as in York Masonry, 
 and then receive the remaining degrees as prescribed by the 
 General Statutes. Where the applicant was a foreigner, or a 
 resident abroad, the application passed through the same 
 course, and arrangements were completed for the assembling 
 of the Consistory on his arrival. But the work itself was 
 always done by the subordinate bodies in a Constitutional 
 manner, and the Diplomas, Patents, Powers, &c., were always 
 passed upon, at the meeting of the Sovereign Grand Consis- 
 tory, and confirmed. 
 
 The records are full of applications of this kind, together 
 with the votes upon the same. In the list of members of the 
 United Supreme Council subsequently established, published 
 in 1832, will be found many of the names which appear on the 
 minutes. Those names were copied from the records of the 
 Consistory. And we have in our possession the correspon- 
 dence of two of the Deputy Inspectors General, residing in 
 foreign lands, together with the replies made to their Petitions 
 by the Consistory, through their Grand Secretary, Elias 
 Hicks, in which he notifies them that their applications had 
 been regularly brought before the body, acted upon, confirmed, 
 and requesting to know from them the certain date on which 
 they would be present, in order that the Consistory should be 
 full, and the members residing at a distance be notified to at- 
 tend. So careful was the Consistory in this matter, that in 
 one or two cases which occurred in 1825, the applicants were 
 disappointed, and were obliged to remain in the city one or 
 two weeks, in consequence of the absence of one of the mem- 
 bers of the Grand Committee of General Administration. 
 
SCOTTISH RITE OF HBREDOM. I93 
 
 Whatever, therefore, may have been asserted by others, con- 
 cerning the proceedings of individual Inspectors, as far as it 
 relates to the conferring of degrees, is entirely false. None 
 of them ever pretended to have any such power themselves, 
 and they, as well as all other members of Exalted Masonry, 
 who are well informed upon the subject, ever believed that 
 any Sovereign Grand Inspector General in his individual 
 capacity did not possess the power to do any such work, al- 
 ways excepting De La Motta and his coadjutors. They took 
 the power and used it, to the disgrace of the Order and them- 
 selves. 
 
CHAPTEE EIGHTH. 
 
 FOUNDATION IN NEW YORK OP THE ANCIENT AND 
 AOOEPTED RITE. 
 
 1827. Anti-Masonic excitement. — WiUiam Morgan. — David C. Miller. — Con- 
 vention of Seceding Masona. — A Political move. — Union of the two Grand 
 Lodges of the State of New York. — Effects of the Storm. — The exploit of 
 J. J. J. Gourgas, and the body at Charleston in 1828. — The establishment 
 
 of the " United Supreme Council for tlie Western Hemisphere " in 1832 
 
 Corait St. Laurent Proceedings of the Sov.-. Gr.-. Consistory. — Propo- 
 sition for a Union Treaty between the Sov .-. Gr .-. Consistory and the 
 
 Supreme Council for Terra Eirma, South America, Mexico, &c. — Its Rati- 
 fication. — Treaty entered into with the Supreme Council for Prance, Supreme 
 Council for Belgium and Supreme Council for Brazil, with the Constitutions 
 of 1762, and the Secret Institutes of 1786 attached. — Dissensions in the 
 body. — Lafayette Rose Croix Chapter. — Henry Marsh, Henry C. Atwood 
 and William F. Piatt. — List of Officers of the United Supreme Co^mcil. — 
 Count St. Laurent returns to Prance. — Ratification of the Treaty. — Grand 
 Lodge of the State of New York in 1837.— The Atwood difficulty.— Par- 
 ticulars. — Organization of St. John's Grand Lodge. — Bodies Chartered by 
 that Body. — Henry C. Atwood. — Correspondence of the Supreme Council 
 of Brazil with the United Supreme Council. — Dissolution of a branch of 
 the United Supreme Council in 1846. — The other branch of the Council 
 takes its place and succeeds it. — Supreme Council for Louisiana. — James 
 Fonlhouze. — Extract from the Report to the Grand Orient of Prance. — 
 John Gedge Albert G. Mackey. — Grand Lodge of Louisiana. — L. Lade- 
 bats address. — Dissensions in the Supreme Council for Louisiana. — New 
 Supreme Council formed there. — The Consistory of J. G«ige. 
 
 The year 1827 was the commencement of a long night in 
 Masonry. It was the year in which the Anti-Masonic excite- 
 ment broke out, carrying everything before it in its course. It 
 swept through the different Northern, Eastern and North- 
 Western States with great violence and rapidity, and continued 
 for a period of ten years without much abatement, subsiding 
 altogether about the year 1840. 
 
 To those Masons who were living, and " lived thrmigh " these 
 dark and trying times to the Order, a mere mention of the 
 
SCOTTISH RITE OP HEEBDOM. 195 
 
 fact would be sufficient. But as a miajority of the Masons now- 
 living have become connected with the institution, long after 
 this excitement had passed away, and was, in a measure, for- 
 gotten, we have thought proper to give a short sketch or out- 
 line of the matter, that those of the Order who are unac- 
 quainted with the particulars of the transaction, may under- 
 stand the reason why that name was given, and the cause from 
 which it had its origin. 
 
 William Morgan was a native of the State of Virginia, and 
 a mason by trade. Having by his industry, accumulated a 
 fund sufficient for the purpose, he commenced business as a 
 trader, or merchant, in Richmond, in that State. He here 
 married his wife, and removed from Virginia in the fall of 
 1821, commencing the business of a brewer, near York, in Up- 
 per Canada. The destruction of his establishment by fire, re- 
 duced him from a comfortable situation to poverty, and ren- 
 dered it necessary for him to resume his trade of a mason. 
 With that intention, he removed to Rochester in this State, 
 where he labored at that business for some time. From 
 Rochester he removed to Batavia, in G-enesee County, where 
 he worked at his trade until a short time before he was carried 
 away from his home and family. 
 
 Some time in the year 1826, rumors were heard that Morgan, 
 in connection with other persons, was preparing and intended 
 to publish, a book which would reveal the secrets of Free 
 Masonry ; and that David C. Miller, a printer in the village 
 of Batavia, was engaged in putting the work to press. This 
 rumor, like all others in which the community at largo feel no 
 interest, excited no attention from the respectable part of it, 
 who supposed that the publication, whatever it might be, was 
 intended as a catchpenny production for the supply of pedlers 
 and hawkers. It was at last noticed by some of the citizens, 
 that an excitement of some kind existed among certain persons 
 in the village, in relation to the publication, of the book, which, 
 it was said, Morgan was engaged in compiling. And it was at 
 length openly avowed by a number of persons who were mem- 
 bers of the fraternity, tjiat the suppression of the work was 
 determined on, at all hazards. A large number of subscribers 
 
196 SCOTTISH KITE, ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED. 
 
 to Mr. Miller's paper suddenly witlidrew their subscriptions : 
 numerous suits were commenced against him to enforce the 
 payment of small debts, and the collection was prosecuted in 
 the manner most calculated to distress and embarrass him. 
 
 On the 9th day of August, 1826, an advertisement was in- 
 serted in a paper printed in Canandaigua, warning the com- 
 munity against Wm. Morgan as a swindler and a dangerous 
 man. This notice and caution was immediately copied into all 
 the public papers printed in the Western part of the State. 
 At the same time, both Morgan and Miller were industriously 
 slandered, and abusive epithets heaped upon them, by a num- 
 ber of individuals who alledged no particular crimes against 
 them, and with whom they were not known to have had any 
 recent connections or collisions whatever, that were apparent 
 to the public at large. 
 
 Miller now became fearful for his life, and declared to his 
 friends that he was alarmed for his personal safety — that he 
 feared an attack upon his ofiice, and took measures to defend 
 himself against secret or open violence. 
 
 On the 25th of July, 1826, Morgan was committed to the 
 custody of the Sheriff of the County of Genesee, and gave bail 
 for jail limits. On the 19th of August, 1826, Morgan was 
 seized with violence and taken at once to the County jail, 
 without allowing him time or opportunity to procure other 
 bail. In the month of September he was seized under feigned 
 process of law, in the day time, in the village of Batavia, and 
 forcibly carried to Canandaigua in another County. Con- 
 cerning the contemplated publication, it was known, that meet- 
 ings of delegates from the different Lodges in the Western 
 Counties were held, to devise means for most effectually pre- 
 venting the publication ; that the matter was a subject of 
 anxious discussion in many and distant Lodges ; that the 
 zealous members of the fraternity were angry, excited and 
 alarmed, and threw out dark and desperate threats. 
 
 They took Morgan to Canandaigua — after a mock trial he 
 was discharged, but was immediately arrested and committed 
 to prison on a fictitious demand. The next night, in the ab- 
 sence of the jailor, he was released from prison by the pre- 
 
SCOTTISH KITE OP HBRBDOM. 197 
 
 tended friendship of a Mason. Upon leaving the prison he 
 was again seized in the streets of Canandaigua, and notwith- 
 standing his cries of " murder" . he was thrust with ruffian 
 violence into a carriage, and was forcibly carried, by relays 
 of horses, through a thickly populated country, in the space of 
 a little more than twenty-four hours, to the distance of one 
 hundred and fifteen miles, and secured a prisoner in the maga 
 zine of Fort Niagara. Here all traces of him are lost. He 
 has never been heard from since, except from the confessions 
 of those who have turned " States evidence" and they say he 
 was murdered. Such appears to be the general opinion of the 
 public. 
 
 This is a simple relation of the facts as they stand recorded, 
 as far as William Morgan is concerned, contained in as few 
 words as can be written. And this forms the basis of the 
 Anti-Masonic excitement. 
 
 In the first part of these troubles the public mind was occu- 
 pied in the search for Morgan, for his abductors, &c. Failing 
 of success, they turned to the Courts of Law, and appealed to 
 the Legislature of the State. A special Council was appointed 
 by the latter body, with full power to investigate ; many per- 
 sons were arrested and tried, &c., but all efforts to elicit reli- 
 able testimony, or to convict, proved fruitless. This part of 
 the business was given up as hopeless labor. 
 
 But the matter now began to assume a new complexion. The 
 conviction became general among the people, that the safety 
 of the government and religion, the rights of the citizen, and 
 the impartial administration of justice, required that this insti- 
 tution should be banished from our soil. Under tliis conviction 
 the people began, publicly and freely, to discuss the matter ; 
 meetings were held throughout the Western Counties of tiie 
 State ; Conventions called ; the excitement spread like wildfire 
 throughout our own State, Vermont, Massachusetts, New 
 Hampshire, Connecticut, Rhode Island, Maine, and ultimately 
 through Pennsylvania and the Western States. 
 
 The first Convention called, was by the " Saratoga Baptist 
 Association" and was held at Milton, September 12th, 1827. 
 It was largely attended, and " reasons " to the number of fifteen 
 
198 SCOTTISH RITE, ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED. 
 
 were passed, or adopted, for " dis-fellowshipping Free Mason 
 ry." The effect of this Convention was great. All, of this 
 particular denomination, throughout the States beforemen- 
 tioned, ultimately adopted these " reasons," and made it a 
 standing rule in their churches — 
 
 First, To excommunicate, or " dis-fellowship " every member 
 who was a Free Mason, and would not " renounce " the Order. 
 
 Second, To refuse candidates for admission to the church 
 who were Masons and would not renounce, and 
 
 Third, To turn out every member who became a Mason. 
 
 A General Convention of " Seceding Masons " was held 
 at Le Roy, February 19th, 1828, and July 4th, same year. In 
 this Convention there were a very large number of the Bap- 
 tist denomination, as might have been expected, and the 
 notorious Solomon Southwick was Chairman thereof. Twelve 
 of the Western Counties were represented. Among the 
 names of the Representatives are to be found Millard Filmore, 
 Henry B. Davies, Bates Cook, Thurlow Weed, Frederick 
 Whittlesey, James K. Livingston, and many others, equally 
 renowned. 
 
 The result of the adjourned Convention in July, was the 
 nomination of candidates for the ofhces of Governor and 
 Lieut. Governor for the State. Thus it will be seen, that in 
 less than two years, all the indignation manifested by the 
 people, on account of Morgan's murder, had been forgotten, 
 and the whole excitement ultimated in a grand political move- 
 ment on the Anti-Masonic basis — or a party with but one idea. 
 Eventually, all the States before mentioned became partizans 
 in the same political movement, and a candidate was nomina- 
 ted by them for the Presidency, and defeated. 
 
 In the Eastern States, particularly Massachusetts, Vermont 
 and Rhode Island, legislative enactments were passed, making 
 the administration of " extrajudicial oaths " a penal offence. As 
 a natural consequence of such laws, all Masonic meetings in 
 the Eastern States came to an end. In Connecticut that law 
 was not passed, but the effect was the same, one Lodge only 
 continuing its stated meetings, more as a matter of form, than 
 for the purpose of doing work. 
 
SCOTTISH RITE OP HEREDOM. 199 
 
 In Pennsylvania, Ohio, and others of the Western States, 
 although no legislative enactments were passed, the Anti-Ma- 
 sonic feeling prevailed with great intensity, and as it soon 
 shaped itself into political matters, the party under its banner 
 became powerful, and for a short time, carried all before it. 
 The history of our country does not refer to any period of its 
 existence, when " public frenzy was so high, or infatuation so 
 general." 
 
 In the State of New York, the Legislature had been 
 petitioned in 1828, for the passage of a law concerning extra 
 judicial oaths, much the same as that passed by the Eastern 
 States. But the law was not passed. In the mean time, Gid- 
 dings, into whose custody Morgan was traced, immediately 
 renounced Masonry, and expiated the crime of participation in 
 the abduction, by disclosing all he knew of the part acted by 
 others, and as much as he pleased of that acted by himself, but 
 has never disclosed what was the fate of Morgan, after he was 
 left in his custody at the fort. 
 
 Meetings were now called, and generally attended, and by 
 this time the excitement had risen to a high pitch. " Dema- 
 gogues and broken-down politicians now saw the affair was 
 ripe for their use, and they accordingly took it in keeping." 
 The Masonic fraternity were denounced as murderers and 
 traitors to their country, and every Anti-Mason, from Myron 
 Holley down to Thurlow Weed, with William H. Seward 
 (then Weed's young protege) became regenerated from moral 
 and political transgression, and were stamped as pure patriots. 
 
 " Bigots in the church now laid hold of it, to advance their cause and 
 strengthen their power. Masonic members, who had ever walked worthy of 
 their high vocation were excommunicated, unless they would renounce. Min- 
 isters, against whom the breath of slander had never been heard, were dis- 
 missed, churches divided, and the members scattered. All who felt it their 
 duty to live in peace with all men, to seek the spiritual welfare of mankind, • 
 and not to engage in party strifes, were excommunicated ; and none but those 
 who could roll forth the thunders and pour out the vials of wrath on their 
 flocks, were allowed to minister at the Altar of Peace. 
 
 " Miller, from a poor, degraded, abandoned profligate, by means of the ex- 
 citement, had become Clerk of the County Court. — Tracy had got a seat in 
 the Legislature ; Spencer, Special Council ; Thurlow Weed, a standing wit- 
 
200 SCOTTISH BIT£ ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED. 
 
 ness, and Solomon Southwick the privilege of running for Governor. Nor- 
 thon, another of the leaders, had got a snug seat in Congress, &c. Such suc- 
 cess did blue light Federals and worn out politicians have in New York, in 
 riding on the excitement into office, that they now began to use it as an article 
 of export, and it was more or less extensively spread in several of the States. 
 It denounced first the system, and then the men, as unfit for office, and unwor- 
 thy of any countenance. It not only denounced the men, but also denounced 
 all that would not denounce them. New York set the example, and some dis- 
 appointed office seekers in Pennsylvania closely followed. At what was 
 termed a ' State Convention ' at Harrisburg, in an address to the public, they 
 said, ' It will not be sufficient to withhold public favor from Free Masons 
 alone — all their partizans should receive the same measure of justice. They 
 have even less claims upon public favor than the sworn Fraternity themselves. 
 Timid and time serving neutrality is more degrading to its votaries, and more 
 dangerous to the public, than open and magnanimous error." 
 
 It was not our intention, when we commenced to write a 
 short sketch concerning the Anti-Masonic excitement, to go 
 into any detail, as that would take up too much space, and 
 perhaps be entirely out of place. We shall therefore show 
 " what effects " this excitement produced upon the institution 
 of Masonry, in our own State and elsewhere. 
 
 The Grand Lodge of the State, a divided body from the 
 year 1823, seeing the storm approaching, settled all their diffi- 
 culties and united in one body, in the month of June, 1827. 
 Perhaps the Anti-masonic excitement had as much to do in 
 bringing the two bodies together as any other cause. They 
 were drawn together by a desire for mutual protection, against 
 the assaults of heartless bigots and madmen. But still the 
 storm swept with great violence over the State. The Grand 
 Lodge, in her June communication, registered over four 
 hundred working Lodges in the State. But before the end 
 of that year, every Lodge, with the exception of two in 
 the city of New York, had ceased working. These exceptions 
 were Lodge L' Union Prangais, (French language,) and Ger- 
 man Union, (German language.) Most of the Lodges surren- 
 dered their properties and Warrants to the Grand Lodge, and 
 became extinct. The Chapters and Encampments followed, 
 and by the end of the year 1827, not a Masonic body was to 
 be found. We regret to be obliged to say, that the bare name 
 of a Free Mason had become dangerous to a man's reputation, 
 
SCOTTISH KITE OP HBREDOM. 201 
 
 and those who had before borne a high character among the 
 Fraternity, turned their backs upon the Order— were ashamed 
 of its fellowship or acknowledgement, and left it to its fate. 
 Not so with all, for there was left, through all those dark 
 years of the Institution, a Spartan band, who never shrank 
 from danger, but maintained their position and kept on until 
 the cloud was past. In the Western part of the State, the 
 effects of the excitement were terrible in the extreme. Church 
 members were excommunicated, property was destroyed, busi- 
 ness ruined, employees discharged and left without the means 
 of subsistence, the peace of families broken up, and worthy 
 members of society driven forth, to find a new resting place 
 among society where the blighting influence of this excitement 
 -^vas not felt. We have already mentioned that the meetings 
 of the Sovereign Grand Consistory came to an end in Novem- 
 ber of this year, the cause of which is fully set forth in the 
 above relation. Like the rest of the Masonic bodies, the Con- 
 sistory itself came to an end. 
 
 This dark night of Masonry continued until about the year 
 1837, when the light again began to dawn, and by the year 
 18-10 had risen upon the Institution. There are some interest- 
 ing circumstances occurring during this period, and connected 
 with the history to which we now shall direct the attention of 
 the reader, and 
 
 First, The proceedings of J. J. J. Gourgas, Grand Secretary 
 General of the De La Motta body. It will be remembered that 
 De La Motta instituted, what he called a Supreme Council in 
 New York, in 1813, and of this Supreme Council Gourgas was 
 Grand Secretary, and its leading spirit. Also, that this body 
 became extinct a very short time after its formation, and its 
 members were scattered abroad, so that by the year 1818, 
 nothing more was heard of it. But Gourgas had not forgotten 
 it. Acting upon the doctrine promulgated by the Charleston 
 body, " that a Supreme Grand Council of the Thirty-third, once 
 constitutionally established, is always considered in existence 
 while a single member of that body remains alive, and that a 
 lawful Sovereign Grand Inspector General of the Thirty-third, 
 ,once appointed, is so 'for life,'" he took advantage of this 
 
202 SCOTTISH RITK, ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED. 
 
 doctrine, and finding that Masonry in the Northern section of 
 the country was extinct — that there were no Lodges, Chapters, 
 Encampments or Councils in active operation, or likely to be 
 in some years to come, he at once set himself to work and con- 
 cocted the scheme in his bed chamber, of tricking the Grand 
 Orient of Prance into an acknowledgement of his so-called Su- 
 preme Council, over the Consistory of Cerneau, which, in con- 
 sequence of its overthrow, had ceased its correspondence. 
 
 In an extract from Oliver's Landmarks, (Vol. 2, page 70), it 
 appears that in the statement of the document sent to Paris in 
 1827, to secure the acknowledgement of the Grand Orient, the 
 author has made it to appear, and by it, they were led to be- 
 lieve, that the Charleston Council and the Gonrga? Council at 
 New York were but one Council, styling themselves the " Su- 
 PKEME. Council of Amebica," and that the Grand Orient did 
 believe, that they really did constitute the Supreme Cmmcil of 
 America. This document was sent slyly, and was deposited in 
 the letter box of the Grand Orient, with the remark written 
 on the outside — " deposited by one who does not wish to be known 
 in the transaction." Gourgas well knew that the Masonic 
 bodies of the North were out of existence, and that there was 
 no one to gainsay or contradict the falsehood which he was 
 instrumental in forwarding to France. That there was no one 
 to stand up and declare that the Gourgas body had been extinct 
 for nearly ten years before that document was penned, and that 
 the connecting of the Charleston body with the Gourgas body 
 was a naked falsehood, because there was no such body as the 
 latter in existence. 
 
 Hence, in 1829, the Gourgas Council appeared in the annuals 
 of the Grand Orient, and the Charleston Council in the year 
 1830. The letter addressed by Gourgas declared his Council 
 to be in existence, and Supreme. The Grand Orient, supposing 
 it to be a true document, and being altogether ignorant of the 
 circumstances which led to the downfall of the Masonic institu- 
 tion, gave the acknowledgement and opened a correspondence 
 with Gourgas who, like his predecessor, tutor and bosom friend, 
 Emanuel De La Motta, was Grand Commander, Grand Secre- 
 tary, Grand Treasurer, Grand Keeper of the Seals, together 
 
SCOTTISH KITE OF HERRDOM. 203 
 
 with all the other small offices contained in the vocabulary, 
 there being no one but himself to fill them all. This corres- 
 pondence, although a deception, was industriously kept up. 
 Having gained this point it rested there, as nothing whatever 
 was done in Masonry for many years afterward. 
 
 Nevertheless, the sequel will presently show that this smart 
 transaction did not fully accomplish their designs. For when 
 the affair came to the iinowledge of the Supreme Council of 
 France, it moved them to take the matter up. They averred 
 that they had been tricked out of a correspondence which they 
 judged belonged of right to themselves, whereupon they at 
 once voluntarily entered into a correspondence with the Su- 
 preme Grand Council, United States of America, by the hands 
 of the Count St. Laurent, stated the whole matter, and 
 solicited a connection with that body. On the arrival in New 
 York city of the Count, it will be presently seen that the Su- 
 preme Grand Council was convened, the despatches which 
 were in his possession were laid before them, the union of the 
 Council for Terra Firma, New Spain, &c., with the Sovereign 
 Grand Consistory was consummated, the United Supreme 
 Council for the Western Hemisphere was proclaimed, and a 
 Treaty of Union and Friendship was entered injo by the 
 four bodies, viz., the United Supreme Council for the Western 
 Hemisphere, the Supreme Council of France, the Supreme 
 Council of Belgium, and the Supreme Council of Brazil. The 
 Marquis de Lafayette was immediately appointed, and pro- 
 claimed Representative near the Supreme Council of France, 
 and continued so until 1834, when he died, and was succeeded 
 by the Count St. Laurent. See pages 94 and 95, Extract 
 from Dr. Oliver. 
 
 Second, The establishment of a " Supreme Council " of the 
 Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite, in the year 1832, under 
 the definitive title of the " United Supreme Council for the 
 Western Hemisphere." 
 
 The year 1832 was one of the darkest for Masonic under- 
 takings, that can be remembered. The Anti-Masonic excite- 
 ment was at its height, and the city was depopulated, partly 
 by the fear of the pestilence, and partly by the pestilence itself. 
 
204 SCOTTISH RITE, ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED. 
 
 It seemed at that time a strange thing, that any attempt should 
 be made, just then, to gather together the scattered fragments 
 of the ruins of our ancient temple. Ragon says, concerning 
 this attempt : 
 
 " Iq 1832, there arrived in New York city, the man of many names and 
 titles, the Count St. Laurent, who took upon himself the title of Most Puissant 
 Sovereign Grand Commander, ad vitarn, of the Supreme Grand Council of the 
 Thirty-third degree, Supreme Chief of Ancient and Modem Free ^tasonry, 
 for Newfoundland, North America, Mexico on both seas, the Canary Islands, 
 &c. He found the old Supreme Council sleeping, in consequence of political 
 and Masonic troubles, and he set himself to work to resuscitate it again. He 
 searched around for the old surviving members, and finally succeeded in organ- 
 izing the body with the HI .-. Bro . . Elias Hicks as Grand Commander. He 
 fixed the name of the body as the ' United Supreme Council,' and intended that 
 it should embrace all the Councils in the United States. He called to its aid 
 all the Scottish Masons in America. This new body, composed of all the living 
 members they could find, published and put forth a manifesto, in which it ex- 
 plained in full its motives for the new organization. It contained a Treaty of 
 Union, in sixteen articles, dated April 5th, 1832, and also a profession of its 
 principles, of which the principal dogmas were, the independence of all Masonic 
 rites, and Masonic toleration. This Supreme Council prospered for a while, 
 but owing partly to the tone of public feeling, and partly to some dissatisfac- 
 tion among themselves, in about two years or a little more its action ceased. 
 At the end of this period the Count St. Laurent went to Prance." 
 
 The whole of this quotation, although very general, is true 
 to the letter. 
 Dr. Oliver also remarks : 
 
 " It should appear that the Supreme Council of the United States was con- 
 nected with the Rite Ancien of Prance, but New Tork possessed a Sovereign 
 Grand Consistory, connected with the Grand Orient of Prance, and Brother 
 Joseph Oerneau, a Prench Mason, held at one and the same time, the offices of 
 ' Honorary Member of the Grand Orient of Prance,' • Sovereign Grand Com- 
 mander of the Grand Consistory of New Tork,' and ' Sovereign Grand Com- 
 mander for Life of the Supreme Council of the United States of America.' 
 This authority was confirmed in 1832 by a solemn treaty between Elias Hicks, 
 Sovereign Grand Commander, Marquis Sant Angelo, Lieut. Grand Comman- 
 der, and Gieorge Smith, Grand Secretary General to the Supreme Council of 
 North America, and the Count St. Laurent, Sovereign Grand Commander for 
 the Supreme Council of South America, Terra Pirma and the Canary Islands. 
 
 " It was agreed that the style of every document issued by this Supreme 
 Council should be as follows : T. T. G. 0. T. S. A. O. T. U. Deus 
 Meumque Jus. Ordo ab Chao. Prom the Bast of the World, and of the 
 
SCOTTISH RITE OF HEREDOM. 205 
 
 Grand and United Supreme Council for the Western Hemisphere, of the Most 
 Powerful Sovereign Grand Inspectors General Df the Thirty-third and last de- 
 gree of the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite, Sublime Chiefs of the Royal 
 and Military Order of Ancient and Modern Free Masonry over the two hem- 
 ispheres, duly and lawfully established and congregated under the Celestial 
 Canopy, &c. This treaty was ratified in the Golden Book of the Order." 
 
 So much for the fact. It will not be forgotten that the 
 Sovereign Grand Consistory, established by Brother Cerneau 
 in the year 1807, set up this name and form of government 
 under the definitive title of " The Trinity "—that it existed 
 under it for a period of twenty years— and in 1827, owing to 
 unfortunate circumstances over which it had no control, it 
 ceased. That the laws by which it was governed were entirely 
 different from those of the Ancient and Accepted Rite, and 
 that the powers of the officers of the Consistory were defined. 
 The reader will therefore understand, that we consider this the 
 first establishment by that body, of the Ancient and Accepted 
 Rite. 
 
 As a proof that this assertion is correct, the following ex- 
 tract from the Report made to the Committee at the Union 
 and Amalgamation of the Supreme Council of Terra Firma, 
 with the Supreme Council of the United States of America is 
 given ; 
 
 •■ Second, That the proposed Union and Amalgamation would prevent in 
 future any of those fatal schisms of which the Supreme Council of the United 
 States, &c., has of itself involuntarily most deeply sown the seeds by constitut- 
 ing in South America, or by authorizing Mr. Cerneau to constitute in that 
 quarter several Masonic bodies, that could receive no regular Constitution 
 but from the legitimate power, long previously established for those countries ; 
 and that they would not fail to avail themselves of those Constitutions, to resist 
 and oppose any useful inspections and legitimate acts of the M . . P . . Sov .-. 
 Gr . . Commander, (ad vitam,) his Deputies, or Supreme Council within whose 
 territorial jurisdiction they are established.— Page 5, Report, 1832. 
 
 There was no Supreme Council in existence at that time in 
 the Northern section of the country, and when the Count St. 
 Laurent made his appearance fully clothed with power, not to 
 establish a new body, but to raise up the old one in a new 
 dress ; in the language of Ragon, he searched around for the 
 old surviving members, and finally succeeded in organizing the 
 
206 SCOTTISH RITE, ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED. 
 
 body, not taking the office of Commander himself, but placing 
 there Elias Hicks as Grand Commander, and making up the 
 body with all the old members, as will readily be seen by refer- 
 ring to the list, (Appendix, Document 27.) A full account is 
 there given, and it may be said with truth, that it contained 
 not a single new member, except himself. It was virtually the 
 old Consistory under a new name. 
 
 Let us now examine the facts connected with the resuscita- 
 tion of the Sovereign Grand Consistory. We have before 
 stated that it had become extinct in 1827, and we meant to be 
 understood by this expression, that in common with all other 
 Masonic bodies, it was swept out of existence by the storm 
 then raging throughout the Xorthern section of the land. 
 
 The death of Hon. Bewitt Clinton, Sovereign Grand Com- 
 mander, took place in 1828, and Brother Elias Hicks, then 
 Lieut. Grand Commander succeeded to the vacancy. Circum- 
 stances of an important character, which occurred in 1831, 
 drew the members of the body again together. The following 
 extracts from the proceedings will be interesting : 
 
 " Extract from the Golden Book of the Ancient Supreme Council of Grand 
 Inspectors Gteneral, Thirty-third degree, for the United States of America, 
 their Territories and Dependencies. 
 
 Ordo ab Chao, 
 
 SITTING OP THB 2§<i DAY OP THE 12th M. a., A. L., S831. 
 
 (FEBKUAKY, 1832.) 
 
 " The Supreme Council of the P. S. G. I. G., Thirty-third and last degree 
 of the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite of Heredom, for the United States 
 of America, its Territories and Dependencies, sitting at the vertical point of 
 the Zenith, corresponding to the 40th deg., 41 min., Xorth Latitude, and 3 
 deg., 1 min., 13 sec, East Longitude from Washington City, was extraordi- 
 narily assembled on this day, near the B. B.. by order and under the Presiden- 
 cy of the M. P. Sov. Gr. Com., (ad vitam) the M. 111. Bro. Elias Hicks. 
 
 " The labors commenced with the usual solemnities, the proceedings of the 
 former sitting were read and sanctioned by the Supreme Council, and signed 
 by the M. P. Sov. Gr. Commander ; the M. 111. Lieut. Gr. Com. and by the 
 m. Gr. Sec'y of the H. E. 
 
 " The M. P. Sov. Gr. Com. read to the Supreme Council a despatch ad- 
 dressed to him under date of the 2d day of the 3d M. Month, A. L., 5830, by 
 
SCOTTISH RITE OF HERBDOM. 207 
 
 the ' Supreme Council of France,' by which T. M. 111. Bro. Count de St. Lau- 
 rent had made an authentic translation, which was therefore annexed ; also a 
 file of printed documents relating to the transactions of that body. 
 
 " The reading of these documents was listened to with the greatest attention, 
 and the important fact which the said despatch revealed to the Supreme Coun- 
 cil of the United States, '&c., caused among the members the most serious re- 
 flections. (See page 95.) 
 
 "The subject was forthwith taken into consideration, and the Supreme 
 Council unanimonsly decided that a Committee should be appointed by the 
 M. P. S. Gr. Com. for the purpose of collecting information from the Archives, 
 and preparing a reply to the Supreme Council of Prance, testifying its desire 
 to entertain continually with them the most friendly and regular communica- 
 tions, and also to tender our kind regards for the attentions shown to us in the 
 transmission of those printed works. 
 
 " The Supreme Council resolved, that the mentioned despatch and the 
 printed works accompanying it, be deposited in the Archives. 
 
 " In conformity with these Resolutions, the M. P. Sov. Gr. Com. named 
 the M. 111. Bro., the Marquis de Sant Angela to assist him in the said researches, 
 and collating the facts for the reply to the Supreme Council of France. 
 
 " T. M. m. Bro., the Marquis de Sant Angela, communicated to the Supreme 
 Council a despatch from the P. Sov. Gr. Com., the Count de St. Laurent, by 
 which he proposed to the Supreme Council for the United States of America, 
 &c., to unite with them by a Treaty, of which he, at the same time, proposed 
 the basis, and of which the object is the union of the two Powers, and of the 
 Ancient Supreme Council of Mexico, already united to that of Terra Firma, 
 South America, &c., in one self same Dogmatical and Administrative power 
 of the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite for every portion of America, com- 
 posing their respective jurisdictions, and the Canary Islands. 
 
 This proposition developed by the M. HI. Bro., the Marquis de Sant Angela, 
 was unanimously agreed to, and the Supreme Council resolved, that the M. P. 
 Sov. Gr. Com. shall appoint a Committee of three members, to whom the 
 necessary full powers shall be given to treat as Commissioners on behalf of the 
 Supreme Council, with those of the Supreme Council of Terra Firma, &c., 
 whom the M. Li. and M. P. Bro. Count de Saint Latirent, shall designate to 
 stipulate, make and sign the said Treaty. 
 
 " According to this resolution, the M. P. Sov. Gr. Com. appointed as mem- 
 bers of the said Committee, T. M. III. Bro. Jonathan Schieffelin, 1st Lieut. 
 Gr. Com. ; T. M. HI. Bro. O. de A. Marquis de Sant Angela, Sov. Gr. Ins. 
 Gen., and the M. LI. Bro. George Smith, Gr. Sec. of the H. E., to whom all 
 due and full powers were given to fulfil their mission. 
 
 " Resolved, That a copy of this Resolution be fraternally directed to the M. 
 111. Bro., the Count de St. Laurent. 
 
 " The work of the day being terminated, the present record of the Supreme 
 
208 SCOTTISH RITE, ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED. 
 
 Council was inserted in the Golden Book, read, approved, and signed at the 
 
 same time, and the sitting closed with the usual solemnity. 
 
 " Made, signed and sealed this 23d day of the 12th Masonic month, A. L., 
 
 5831. 
 
 Elias Hicks, Sov. Gr. Commander, {ad vitam,) 
 Jonathan Schbeffelin, 1st Lieut. Gr. Commander, 
 Geokge Smith, Gr. Secretary of the H. E. 
 
 COPY 
 
 OF THE 
 
 '' IPffkrs of % CMimissi0nm." 
 
 Or do ab Chao. 
 
 " From the E. of the W. of the Supreme Council of Sov. Gr. Ins. Gen., 
 Thirty-third and last degree of the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Eite for 
 the United States of America, their Territories and Dependencies, sitting un- 
 der the C. C. at the vertical point of the Zenith, corresponding to the 40th 
 deg., 41 min., North Latitude, and 3 deg., 1 min., 13 sec. East Longitude 
 from Washington City. 
 
 IBtus JHrumque Sua. 
 
 " To our M. P. Sov. Gr. Ins. Gren., Thirty-third degree. Most Taliant and 
 Sublime Princes of the Eoyal Secret, Knights of Kadosch, Ulustrions Princes 
 and Knights, Grand, Elect, Ineffable and Sublime Masons of all degrees, 
 Ancient and Modern, over the surface of the two hemispheres. 
 
 To all those to whom these letters of Credence shall appear, and may concern: 
 
 UNION, 
 
 HEALTH, POWER. 
 
 " Know ye, that having received an ofiBcial proposition, dated the fourteenth 
 day of the present mouth, from our M. 111. and P. Bro., the Count de St. 
 Laurent, Gr. Com. (ad vitam,) of the Supreme Council, Thirty-third degree, 
 for Terra Pirma, New Spain, South America, Porto Rico, Canary Islands, 
 Ac, &c., tending to unite by a solemn Treaty, that Dogmatical and Adminis- 
 trative body, including all its subordinate sections, with the Supreme CounoU 
 of the United States of America, its Territories and Dependencies, including 
 all its subordinate sections, and hereby to consolidate and increase the power 
 and prosperity of our Sublime Order, and more particularly the safety and 
 welfare of our brethren throughout the whole world, and especially of our hem- 
 
SOOTl'ISH RITK OF HEREDOM. 209 
 
 isphere, aud having appointed Commissioners with full and ample powers to 
 arrange and regulate all matters and things touching and concerning the said 
 Treaty : 
 
 And whereas, we, the undersigned, M. P. Sov. 6r. Commander, and Sov. 
 Gr. Ins. Gren., Thirty-third degree, duly and lawfully congregated, cheerfully 
 reciprocate in the laudable proposition of our M. 111. Bro., the M. P. Sov. 
 Or. Com. (ad vitam) of South America, &c., have appointed our M. 111. 
 Brethren Jonathan Scliieffetin, Gr. Ins. Gen. ; 1st Lieut. Gr. Com. O. de A. 
 Marquii de Sanl Angela., Gr. Ins. Gen., and George Smith, Gr. Ins. Gen. and 
 Gr. Sec. of the H. E., to meet in Convention with the Commissioners which 
 our aforesaid M. 111. and M. P. Brother of South America shall judge proper 
 to appoint, and thereby upon exchanging their powers, to arrange, regulate aud 
 establish all such matters and things concerning the said union of the two Sub- 
 lime bodies with full and ample power to conclude such a connection or 
 treaty, reserving to ourselves the ratification thereof. 
 
 " To which letters of credence we have hereunto subscribed our names, and 
 affixed thereto the Grand Seal of our Sublime Order, in open Council, near the 
 B. B., under the C. C, this 23d day of the 12th M. Month, Anno Lucis, 5831 ; 
 {Vulgo,) 23d of February, Anno Domni, 1831. 
 Signed, 
 '— •* — Elias Hicks, P. Sov. Gr. Com., (ad,vitam,) 
 
 { ) Jonathan Schieffeli.v, 1st Lieut. Gr. Com., 
 
 j ■ f 0. DE A. Makquis de Sant Angelo, 33d, 
 
 ^_,__ George Smith, Gr. Sec. of the H. E." 
 
 " The Committees named as above, after friendly explanations 
 mutually interchanged between them, being fully convinced 
 the two powers being of the same rite, and same degree, hav- 
 ing a like doctrine, being equally animated with a desire of 
 attaining the object of their institutions, and both present, 
 both willing to contract, both authorized so to do for the 
 greatest possible interest of the Order, and especially that 
 of our Sublime Rite, as well as for the benefit and security 
 of the faithful brethren who observe its rules ; unanimously 
 acknowledged, agreed and Resolved, that a Treaty may be 
 concluded without violating that principle, which is the great 
 " Palladium " of the freedom and independence of all Masonic 
 Rites, viz. : " 
 
 " That no Dogmatic power of any Rite, can unite or amalgamate itself, by 
 any means whatever, with any other Administrative or Dogmatic Power of 
 any other Rite, nor even consent to become a part of, or dependent upon it, 
 without violating the letter and spirit of the fundamental laws of the Order, 
 without renouncing the object of its establishment, without forfeiting, ah tpso 
 
210 SCOTTISH KITE, ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED. 
 
 facto, ifa Supreme character, and ceasing to be a Power, or even a part of any 
 Bite." 
 
 Concluded on the 5th day of the 2d month, A. L., 5832, a 
 Treaty of Union and Amalgamation, of which the following is 
 a verbatim copy : (See Appendix, Document 28, Part First.) 
 
 " Extrad. from the Becords of the last sitting of the Supreme Council of the 
 
 United States of America, their Territories and Dependencies, sitting 
 
 on the 13th day of the second month. Anno Lucis, 5832. 
 
 " By order of the M. P. Sov. Gr. Commander, the Supreme Council was 
 this day extraordinarily and regularly assembled near the B. B., under the 
 vertical point of the Zenith, corresponding to the 40th deg., 41 min., Xorth 
 Latitude, and 3 deg., 1 min., 13 sec, East Longitude, from "Washington City. 
 
 " The proceedings of the sitting of the 23d day of the 12th AI. M., having 
 been inserted in the Grolden Book, were read anew, sanctioned and signed. 
 
 " T. M. DL members of the Committee named in that sitting for the purpose 
 of concluding with the Commissioners named on the part of the M. P. Sov. 
 Gr. Com. of the Supreme Council for Terra Firma, &c., a Treaty of Union and 
 Amalgamation mentioned therein, made a report of the proceedings of the two 
 united Committees, and the result of their conference, &c. 
 
 '• On the proposition made by the if. P. Sov. Gr. Com., the Supreme Cotm- 
 cil resolved to ratify this treaty and the thirteen points of our Ancient doc- 
 trines which are anew consecrated by it, so soon as they are ratified by the 
 M. P. Sov. Gr. Com. of the Supreme Council of Terra Firma, &c. 
 
 " A grand deputation was forthwith named to transmit to him this decision, 
 and to invite him in the name of the Supreme Council to honor the present 
 sitting with his presence. 
 
 " The deputation proceeded to the fulfilment of its mission, and after a 
 short absence returned, conducting the M. P. Bro. Count de St. Laurent, G. 
 Com. [ad vitam,) of the Supreme Coimcil for Terra Firma, South America, 
 Mexico, or Xew Spain, &c., &c., (from one sea to the other) Porto Eico, the 
 Canary Islands, &c., &c., of the P. Sov. Gr. Ins. Gfen. Thirty-third and last 
 degree, of the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite, accompanied by several 
 members of his Supreme Cotmcil present in this Orient. 
 
 " He declared h im self ready to ratify the Treaty, and particularly the thir- 
 teen special points of our Ancient doctrine which are anew consecrated by it. 
 He signed it, and caused it to be countersigned ; returned it to the il. P. Sov. 
 Gr. Com. [ad mtam^ of the Supreme Council who, after having declared that 
 the Supreme Council for the United States of America, &c., had sanctioned 
 and ratified the said Treaty, signed it, and caused it to be signed by the Grand 
 Dignitaries, and countersigned and sealed by the Gr. Sec. of the H. E. A 
 simultaneous exchange of the Eatifications, &c., was made by the two BL and 
 P. Colleagues. 
 
 T. M. P. Sov. Gr. Com. {ad vitam) Count de St. Laurent, then said : In 
 
SCOTTISH RITE OP HERBDOM. 211 
 
 virtue of the extraordinary powers with which I have been invested by the 
 Supreme Council of P. Sov. Gr. Ins. Gen. of the Thirty-third and last degree 
 of the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite for Terra Pirma, South America, 
 Mexico or New Spain, &c., (from one sea to the other) the Canary Islands, 
 Porto Rico, &c., by their decree of the 26th day of the 3d month named Sivan, 
 in the year 5802, and in conformity with the sacred compact we have just rati- 
 fied, I declare that that Supreme Council has forever ceased to exist under that 
 Title, and that it is united forever to the Supreme Council of the Thirty-third 
 degree, for the United States of America, their Territories and Dependencies, 
 under the title which this Treaty confers on them, to work only and be known 
 by that collective title ; I now resign the power of Grand Commander that 
 was conferred on me. 
 
 ■' T. M. 111. Bro. Elias Hicks, being from this moment the Grand Commander 
 (ad vitam) of the Union, I recognize and proclaim him as such according to 
 the treaty. 
 
 " T. M. P. Sov. Gr. Com. (ad vitam) Elias Hicks, then said : In virtue of 
 the powers on me conferred, and in conformity with the stipulations of the 
 treaty just ratified, I declare and proclaim. That the Supreme Council for the 
 United States of America, their Territories and Dependencies, of the P. Sov. 
 Gr. Ins. Gen., Thirty-third and last degree of the Ancient and Accepted Scot- 
 tish Rite, has ceased to exist under that title, and that, united forever to the 
 Supreme Council for Terra Pirma, South America, New Spain, &c., {from the 
 one sea to the other) the Canary Islands, Porto Rico, &c., it takes from this 
 moment the collective title conferred by the second article of the said Treaty ; 
 and that it will work and be known only by that title. 
 
 " I recognize and proclaim the M. 111. Bro., the Count de St. Laurent, M. 
 P. Sov. Ass. Gr. Com. (ad vitam) of the new United Sdpreme Council. 
 
 " The 111. Bro. Gr. Sec'y then read the minutes of the proceedings of 
 that meeting, which is appoved, and the M. P. Sov. Gr. Com. said : The 
 labors of the Supreme Council of the United States of America, &c., are for- 
 ever closed under that title. 
 
 " The Golden Book was then terminated by this final record of proceedings, 
 being signed and sealed in due form. 
 
 " Elias Hicks, M. P. Sov. Gr. Com., (ad vitam) 
 
 De St. Laurent, M. P. Sov. Ass. Gr. Com. (ad vitam) , 
 
 Jonathan Schieffelin, 1st Lieut. Gr. Com., 
 
 Lorenzo De Zavalla, 33d deg., 
 
 John Telfair, 33d deg., 
 
 0. DE A. Marquis de Sant Angelo, 33d deg., 
 
 Lucas Uoarte, 33d deg., 
 
 J. Mblani Sussaeelli, 33d deg., Gr. Sec. C. (ad hoc) 
 
 M. Velasquez de la Cadena, 33d deg., G. K. of the A., 
 
 George Smith, 33d deg., G. S. of the S. C. 
 
 [L. S.] 
 
212 SCOTTISH RITE, ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED. 
 
 " Extract from the Golden Book of the ' United Supreme Council of the 
 Western Hemisphere.' 
 
 T. T. G. O. T. G. A. O. T. U. 
 Ordo ab Chao. 
 
 " The United Supreme Council for the "Western Hemisphere, was duly and 
 lawfully assembled on the 13th day of the 2d month, Anno Lucis, 5832, at the 
 Orient of the city of New York, in the United States of America. 
 
 " The labors of both the beforementioned bodies were declared to be, from 
 this time, forever closed, and the ceremony of Installation of the ' United S«- 
 preine Council ' forthwith proceeded in. 
 
 (For a full list of Officers then installed, see Document No. 27.) 
 " The Sov. and Ass. Sov. Gr. Commanders, the Officers installed, and all the 
 Grand Ins. Gen. present, renewed the obligations of their rank, swore fidelity 
 to the United Supreme Council, and submission to its rules and decrees. All 
 absent Sov. Gr. Ins. Gen. and Sublime Princes should be admitted to seats in 
 their respective bodies by taking and subscribing the usual obligations. 
 
 " The Golden Book of the United Supreme Council was then regularly 
 opened, paged and numbered by the M. P. Sov. Gr. Com., the Ass. Sov. Gr. 
 Com. and the HI. Bro. 1st Lieut. Gr. Com. ; countersigned by the M. HI. 
 Bro. Grand Secretary. 
 ************* 
 
 Bctts ^0umqtie Sus. 
 
 Seal of the 
 United Snp. Council. 
 
 J Seal of the 
 1 Consistory, 32d. 
 
 Signed by aU Officers, 
 
 General 
 Seal. 
 
 The Treaty of Union and Amalgamation will be found in 
 full in the Appendix, Part First, Document No. 28, and the 
 " Thirteen Special Points " in Part Second of the same Docu- 
 ment, prefacing the Treaty of 1834. 
 
 By perusing the foregoing extracts, it will be perceived that 
 the " old Consistory " and the Supreme Council of Terra Firma, 
 New Spain, &c., ceased their existence, and by the Treaty of 
 Union and Amalgamation entered into by those bodies, a new 
 
SCOTTISH EITB OP HEREDOM. 213 
 
 body came into being, under the name of the " United Supreme 
 Council for the Western Hemisphere." 
 
 There were two causes which brought about this Union and 
 Resuscitation, viz., the dispersion of the members of the Su- 
 preme Council for Terra Pirma, South America, Mexico, &c., 
 who took refuge in this country, and this union was the result. 
 
 The second cause was the acknowledgement given by the 
 Grand Orient of Prance to the Charleston body, and J. J. J. 
 Gourgas, by which the Sovereign Grand Consistory of the 
 United States was displaced. The Supreme Council of Prance, 
 cognizant of this fact, and irritated by the conduct of the 
 Grand Orient towards itself, in seizing upon a correspondence 
 which did not belong to it, at once communicated with the 
 Sovereign Grand Consistory of the United States of America, 
 offering acknowledgement and welcoming a correspondence. 
 See extract from Dr. Oliver, page 95. 
 
 All this was doubtless brought about by the Count St. Lau- 
 rent, who was a member of that Supreme Council, and a very 
 earnest laborer in the Masonic field. He had the satisfaction 
 of seeing all his plans consummated and carried out, which re- 
 sulted in bringing all the Supreme Councils of the world in 
 close affinity, always excepting the Charleston body, and 
 J. J. J. Gourgas. This affinity continued with the United Su- 
 preme Council for the Western Hemisphere until 1846, at 
 which time a branch of that Council was dissolved by mutual 
 consent ; and although replaced by the other branch, the cor- 
 respondence on their part was neglected and finally ceased. 
 
 Under the existing state of public feeling, the establishment 
 of the United Supreme Council was a difficult task, but it was 
 accomplished. And immediately after its accomplishment, a 
 Treaty was submitted for ratification, entered into by the Su- 
 preme Councils of Prance and Brazil — a full copy of which 
 will be found in the Appendix (Document 28, Part 2d.) This 
 Treaty declared the rite, (Ancient and Accepted Scottish) 
 INDEPENDENT of all Other rites, and governing its own bodies, 
 taking authority over all the degrees, establishing its own Sym- 
 bolic Lodges and Grand Lodges, and declaring it to be a high 
 offence against the rules of the Order, to allow any admixture 
 
214 SCOTTISH RITE, ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED. 
 
 of the rites, or any departure from the Ancient Scottish rituals. 
 While it claimed and declared exclusive control, over all the 
 degrees of its own rite, it also proclaimed tolbeatiox to every 
 other rite, and made it obligatory upon the members, never to 
 interfere with the conscience or opinion of other persons who 
 might be connected with, and in bonds to, another rite, allow- 
 ing to all rites equal and exclusive privilege with themselves. 
 
 Furthermore, in Article Third of the Treaty, they acknow 
 kdge and proclaim anev), the Grand Constitutions of the 
 Ancient Accepted Scottish Rite, the Constitutions, Institutes, 
 Statutes and General Regulations, determined upon by the 
 nine Commissioners of the Sublime Princes of the Royal Secret, 
 on the 21st of September, 1762, (see Appendix, Document No. 
 29), as they are now modified by those dated May 1st, 1786, 
 (see Appendix, Document No. 28, Part Second,) which they 
 also acknowledge, proclaim, and promise to respect, observe and 
 defend, under the positive reser.vation, to examine, rectify and 
 curtail the alterations and additions which have been made to the 
 same, and which pervert their original dispositions. 
 
 For this purpose, an authentic copy of the Grand Constitu- 
 tions of 1786, certified and signed by all the members of the 
 present Congress, shall be annexed to each original duplicate 
 of the present Treaty. 
 
 We would remark, that we have given in full, word for 
 word, this Treaty, together with the certified copy of the 
 Secret Institutes, Constitution, &c., in the Latin language, as 
 it purports to. have been written, so that each reader can judge 
 for himself. The English version is taken from the Charles- 
 ton records by Brother Pike, and does not agree with the 
 Latin copy in many very important particulars. (See Appen- 
 dix, Document No. 28; Part Second.) 
 
 This will undoubtedly appear a very strange thing. While 
 the Grand Orient of France has flatly denied the authenticity 
 of the Grand Constitutions of 1786, and publicly proclaimed 
 the rite to be governed by the General Statutes, Rules and 
 Regulations of Masonry — while she has openly and persistently 
 denied the truth of the story of Frederick, and authors have 
 abundantly proved the whole to be a low, base forgery, and a 
 
SCOTTISH RITE OF HBREDOM. 215 
 
 most silly one at that ; and while the predecessor of the United 
 Supreme Council, viz., the Sovereign Grand Consistory has 
 followed in the steps of the Grand Orient for twenty years, 
 never ceasing to decry and oppose the monstrous instrument 
 from which the notorious De La Motta derived all his powers ; 
 we find, in 1832, a body of men not new in the Order, but 
 precisely the same men who composed the Sovereign Grand 
 Consistory, subscribing their hands, affixing their seals, and 
 swearing obedience to the very instrument which, they have 
 for twenty years most bitterly opposed, and placing the order, 
 in that rite, under its control. 
 
 One is at a loss to find a reason for this strange procedure. 
 It could not have been from ignorance of the contents of that 
 Treaty, for they were all well informed. It may have been 
 the case, that another motive urged them on. Masonry in the 
 North was extinct, and they might have entertained the opin- 
 ion that the time was a favorable one to commence and build 
 up their rite, in which they would control the Symbolic as 
 well as the Sublime degrees. And if ever York Masonry re- 
 vived again, it would not be as a controlling power, but occu- 
 py a place by its side, as an equal, in common with any other 
 rites which might be introduced. Independence of the Rites 
 and Toleration, was the language of the Treaty, and this doc- 
 trine they attempted to carry out. 
 
 But unfortunately, every member of this United Supreme 
 Council was a member of the Grand Lodge of the State, or of 
 subordinate Lodges under its jurisdiction. And the very edu- 
 cation which they had received, the obligations which they had 
 entered into, and the predilections which they had formed, 
 were all antagonistic to the consummation of this scheme, if 
 such it may be called, as the sequel will show. 
 
 When this Treaty was made known, it caused a great sen 
 sation among the gathered members. They were not all pre- 
 pared to erect a rival body to the Grand Lodge, and a con- 
 siderable discussion arose among them. Added ■ to this cause 
 of dissatisfaction was another, not less powerful, because old 
 memories were called up, and prejudices revived which long 
 had slept. In their efforts to gather together the fragments of 
 
216 SCOTTISH RITE, ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED. 
 
 the old body, some of the Gourgas and Jacobs faction had 
 been brought in, and their reception became a matter of warm 
 dispute. Of this number was Richard Riker, and it was on 
 the presentation of his documents, that the trouble culminated. 
 
 During this discussion, many of the old members who had 
 been gathered, refused to enter the Council, or be controled by 
 it, and drew off again, carrying with them the Warrant of 
 Lafayette Chapter of Rose Croix. Henry Marsh had been it» 
 presiding officer, and was succeeded by Henry C. Atwood. 
 T)r. Wm. F. Piatt, and numerous other brethren were of the 
 same party, who were known as the Marsh party, and who 
 continued their organization as before, under the name of the 
 old Consistory. Warren Hall, at the corner of Oliver and 
 He'nry Street, afterwards called Union Hall, was their place of 
 meeting, where they continued several years, but no work was 
 done, nor was any addition to the number of members made. 
 Public feeling was opposed to every thing that had the least 
 bearing upon, or connection with, the Order. 
 
 The formation of the body was completed, immediately after 
 which an Annuary was published, bearing date 1832, and con- 
 taining a list of the Officers of the body, Grand Dignitaries, 
 Active and Honorary Members, Representatives, Subordinate 
 bodies, and a list of Deputies, altogether making a very large 
 number. The Annuary will be found in the Appendix, (Docu- 
 ment No. 27.) 
 
 Soon after its establishment, the Consistory of Louisiana, 
 which had been in uninterrupted action from the very com- 
 mencement, (1813) came under its rule. Also several other 
 bodies of the old Consistory came in, and the probability is, 
 that the United Supreme Council would have continued to this 
 day, had it not presumed to interfere with the rights of the 
 Grand Lodges of the various States. • It was at once acknow- 
 ledged by the Supreme Councils of France, Belgium, Rio 
 Janeiro, New Granada, Consistories at Cuba, Trinidad, Vene- 
 zuela, and by the Deputy Inspectors General at the different 
 locations where they had been appointed, and were in the 
 exercise of their functions. They sought out the furniture and 
 properties which had been removed from the old Consistory, 
 
SCOTTISH RITE OP HEREDOM. 217 
 
 had it repaired, made new purchases, fitted up a Reception 
 Hall, and received several applications for members, &c. The 
 Treaty, with its appurtenances, was not yet signed and ratified, 
 but remained unsettled for nearly four years after the formation 
 of the body, viz., 1836. 
 
 Perhaps as good, if not the best account, of the commence- 
 ment and progress of the United Supreme Council, can be ob- 
 tained from an abstract of the records of the same, which we 
 shall now give. The substance is as follows : 
 
 1832. An effort was made during this year, in the midst o\ 
 the Anti-Masonic excitement, to revive the work of the Sove- 
 reign Grand Consistory, by the Most 111. Bro. De Saint Lau- 
 rent, Marquis de Santa Rosa, and Count, Past Master, Sove- 
 reign Grand Inspector General, Thirty-third degree, Ex-Grand 
 Commander, ad vitam, of the Supreme Council of South 
 America, New Spain, &c., who had arrived in New York, and 
 who proposed to gather together the fragments of the former 
 Supreme Council and Consistory, and erect a body under the 
 distinct title of the " United Supreme Council for the Western 
 Hemisphere." The following is a List of the Officers : 
 
 The Most Illustrious Brethren, 
 Elias Hicks, Esq., P. M., S. G. I. G., 33d deg. ; Ex Grand Commander, 
 ad vitam, of the former Supreme Council of the 
 United States of America, and Grand Secretary of 
 the M.. W. Grand Lodge. M. P. Sav. Gr. Com- 
 mander, ad vitam. 
 
 Ds Saint Laubekt, (Marquis de Santa Rosa and Count, P. M., S. G. I. 
 G., 33d deg. ; Ex Grand Commander, ad vitam, of 
 the former Supreme Council of South America, 
 New Spain, &c., &c. M. P. Sov. Ass. Gr. Com- 
 mander, ad vitam. 
 
 Jonathan Sohieffelin, Esq., P. M., S. G. I. G., 33d deg. \st Lieut. Ch. 
 Commander. 
 
 Fbanois DnsuAE, Esq., P. M., S. G. I. G., 33d deg. 2d Lieut. Gr. Com^ 
 mander. 
 
 LoBSNZO OK Zatala, Ex Gov. of Mexico, and Ex Secretary of the Treasury 
 of the Mexican United States ; P. M., S. G. I. G., 
 33d deg. M. Ml. Minister of State. 
 
218 SCOTTISH KITE, ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED. 
 
 George Smith, Esq., P. M., S. G. I. G., 33d deg. 1st Grand Secretary for 
 
 the English langitage, apji Blustrious Chancellor of 
 
 the H. E. 
 Mabiaho Velazquez de la Cadena, Professor in Columbia College ; P. 
 
 M., S. G. I. G., 33d deg. 2d Grand Secretary for 
 
 the Spanish and Foreign languages. 
 Joseph Bouchadd, Merchant ; P. M., S. G. I. G., 33d deg. M. III. Grand 
 
 Treasurer of the H. E. 
 John Tklpaie, Esq., P. M., S. G. I. G., 33d deg. M. 111. Grand Keeper of 
 
 the Seals. 
 Obazio de Attblis, Marquis de Sant Angelo, formerly Superior Officer in 
 
 the Neapolitan Army : P. M., S. G. I. G., 33d 
 
 deg. M. m. Grand Expert. 
 Juan MELAin, Chevalier de Sussarelli, Ancient Officer of the Guards of the 
 
 King of Sardinia ; P. M., S. G. I. G., 33d deg. 
 
 M. ni. Grand Captain of the Guards. 
 Lucas Ugarte, formerly Fiscal of the Royal Treasury in the Havanna, &c., 
 
 P. M., S. G. I. G., 38d deg. M. EL Grand 
 
 Standard Bearer. 
 
 Vacancies were left for an Assistant Grand Treasurer Gen- 
 eral, Grand Archivist, Grand Master of Ceremonies, Grand 
 Sword Bearer, Grand Hospitallier and Deputy Grand Master 
 of Ceremonies, which were filled by the brethren present ; but 
 in the course of the year these vacancies were filled, in all, mak- 
 ing seventeen Officers of the Council, with seventeen effective 
 members, exclusive of the above. 
 
 During this year. Brother Le Blanc de Marconnay was initi- 
 ated and elevated to the Thirty-third degree. Shortly after- 
 ward he returned to Prance, where he was acknowledged, and 
 received, by the Grand Orient as such, and became Orator of 
 the Chamber of Council and Appeals of that body. 
 
 1833. The list of officers continued unchanged. A propo- 
 sition was made to the Supreme Council, to bring into it some 
 of the members of another body, which had styled itself a 
 " Supreme Grand Council of the Thirty-third degree for the 
 Northern Jurisdiction," sitting in New York. This led to a 
 great deal of dissatisfaction among the members who had be- 
 longed to the old Consistory, and a very bad feeling was the 
 consequence. Many members withdrew, and the Council be- 
 gan again to decline. Still, the records show that its regular 
 
SCOTTISH EITB OF HEEEDOM. 219 
 
 meetings were kept up, and some foreign brethren received the 
 degrees. 
 
 In the early part of this year, a Committee was appointed 
 to wait upon Brother Timolat, and receive from him the prop- 
 erties of the Sovereign Grand Consistory, which had been re- 
 moved by him and other brethren, for safe keeping, in the year 
 1827, with power to pay all expenses which had accrued upon 
 the same. The Committee consisted of 111. Bros. John Tel- 
 fair, G. Smith and T. Longworth. The resignation of 111. 
 Bro. Cabrera was received, and the Grand Secretary General 
 was ordered to receive the archives from him. He returned 
 to Spain during the following year. The correspondence was 
 kept up during the year, with all the bodies connected with it 
 by acknowledgement, or deriving their power from the same. 
 
 1834. There was no change in the Council this year. The 
 public opposition to Masonry was still at its height. The 
 dissatisfaction in the Council was on the increase, and many of 
 its most zealous members retired from the meetings of the 
 same. A petition was received from 111. Bro. Sylvester de 
 Smiza Telter, asking for regular powers to establish a Sove- 
 reign Chapter of Rose Croix in Rio Janeiro, Brazil, which 
 petition was granted by the Council unanimously. 
 
 ■' On the 20th of May, 1834, one of the Eepresentatives of this Supreme 
 Council in the Convention at Paris, the 111 . •. Bro . . the Marquis de Lafayette, 
 breathed his last, mourned alike by the people and Fraternity of Prance, and 
 of the United States, by both of whom his memory will ever be cherished for 
 his many Masonic and civil virtues, and his devotion to the cause of Masonry 
 and of civil and religious liberty. 
 
 " The official notification of this sad event was communicated by his col- 
 league, 111 .• . Bro . . the Count St. Laurent, to the Supreme Council for the 
 United States of America, &c., &c., in a circular, still carefully preserved in 
 the Archives, of which the following is a literal translation : 
 
 TO ALL TRUE SCOTTISH MASONS, 
 
 " On the 10th of May, 1834, our illustrious and beloved Brother General 
 Lafayette, S .-. Or .-. I .•. G .•. and Grand Eepresentative of the United Su- 
 preme Council of the Western Hemisphere, near the Supreme Council of 
 France, wrote the following at the bottom of the copy of his Patent in the 
 Golden Book (page 80,) of Brother Count de St. Laurent, one of the principal 
 Dignitaries of the said Supreme Council : 
 
220 SCOTTISH ETTE, ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED. 
 
 " ' It is to the extreme indulgence of the Supreme Council of the United 
 States, that being exalted to the Thirty-third degree, notwithstanding the 
 superior knowledge and services of many of my brethren, I am to-day indebted 
 for the eminent favors which the Grand Council of the Western Hemisphere 
 has conferred on me. I accept them with profound gratitude, and will endeavor 
 to merit them by my zeal. May our ancient institution propagate and patro- 
 nize liberty, equality, philanthropy, and contribute to the great movement of 
 social civilization which must emancipate the two hemispheres. 
 
 Lapatette.' 
 
 " The 20th of May, 1834, at half-past five o'clock in the forenoon, our be- 
 loved Brother Gfeneral Lafayette passed to immortality. Let us strive to 
 imitate his virtues, and let us cherish his memory. 
 
 To the M.-. 111.-. Bro.-. 
 
 0. M. LowNDs, 33d deg., Db St. Laukent, [l. s.] 
 
 New Tork. S .-. G .-. I.-. G .-. 33d deg. 
 
 Paris, 21st of May, 1834." 
 
 1835. Although many new members had been added to the 
 Supreme Council, yet the dissatisfaction continued, and the 
 popular feeling against the institution of Masonry had not 
 decreased. The Grand Lodge of the State was beginning to 
 make a move in the way of holding an annual communication 
 iu June. Many of the Officers and Leaders in the Supreme 
 Council were connected with this body. Although there had 
 never before been a time, in the Annals of Masonry, so favor- 
 able as that period, for the Supreme Council to assume what 
 she deemed her rights over the first three degrees — there being 
 then, virtually, no Lodges of any rite in existence, and no 
 Grand Lodge to constitute them, yet the feelings of a majority 
 of the members of the Supreme Council were opposed to the 
 exercise of this power. Added to this was the popular feel- 
 ing, the state of the times, and the fears of the members, who 
 were conscious that the day was not far distant when Masonry 
 would rise again, and resume its place among the benevolent 
 societies of the world. The members of the Grand Lodge 
 saw this, and although they were few in number, with 111. Bro. 
 James Herring at their head, as Grand Secretary of the Grand 
 Lodge, they managed to get up an annual communication, al- 
 though but a few were present, perhaps not one hundred 
 people, all told. This proved to be the turning point with the 
 Order. The annual communications were kept up, and by the 
 
SCOTTISH RITE OP HEREDOM. 221 
 
 year 1840, they had become not only respectable, but were 
 numerously attended. 
 
 This revival of the Grand Lodge discouraged most of the 
 members of the Council, and in a short time the United Su- 
 preme Council for the Western Hemisphere went to sleep. A 
 little more than four short years numbered the period of its 
 activity. In the early part of the year 1836 it was on its last 
 legs, although the meetings were continued occasionally until 
 the year 1846, which will be noticed in its place. 
 
 The regular meetings of Lafayette Chapter of Rose Croix 
 were continued. Bro. H. C. Atwood had been presiding offi- 
 cer for a long time, and was assisted by Bros. Piatt and Marsh, 
 with others who were members of this Chapter, as well as by 
 some of the old members of Triple Alliance, that Chapter hav- 
 ing ceased its meetings altogether. A number of new mem- 
 bers were received, most of them by affiliation. 
 
 -1836. This year the ratification of the Treaty took place, 
 being signed in full Council by all its Officers, and was trans- 
 mitted to the Representative at Paris, Count St: Laurent, thus 
 binding the compact between the four Supreme Councils to 
 carry out the Dogma of the rite. Supremacy, Independence, Tol- 
 eration. The Marquis de Lafayette, who was a member of the 
 Supreme Council of Prance, had been appointed the Represen- 
 tative of the United Supreme Council, near that body, in 1832, 
 was acknowledged and received by them as such, and acted in 
 that capacity until the day of his death. 
 
 The present year was one of unexampled depression in the 
 mercantile world, especially near its close, and very little inter- 
 est was manifested in Masonic matters. The Council contin- 
 ued to lose its members, and by this time their number had 
 become very small. The regular meetings of the body were, 
 however, continued, and all necessary efforts made to sus- 
 tain it under its difficulties. The meetings of Lafayette Chap- 
 ter of Rose Croix were also kept up, and met with encourage- 
 ment. The brethren became desirous of establishing a new 
 Council of Sublime Princes of the Royal Secret, but it was 
 deemed most expedient, after mature deliberation, to wait un- 
 til the difficulties of the times were removed out of the way, 
 
222 SCOTTISH RITE, ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED. 
 
 when they would be able to go forward with better prospects 
 of success. 
 
 Third, The difficulties, which at this period occurred in the 
 Grand Lodge of the State of New York, and with which, the 
 members of the Council were connected. 
 
 We shall first give a short outline of the difficulty itself, and 
 then show its connection with the Supreme Council, as we 
 think it impossible that the case will be understood as it should 
 be, unless the particulars of the difficulty are set forth. 
 
 By the commencement of the year 1837, the Anti-Masonic 
 excitement had spent its force, and was beginning to pass 
 away. Already the members of the Fraternity who had 
 espoused the cause of Masonry through evil and good report, 
 begaii to feel great encouragement, and several of the city 
 Lodges had made a strong effort to renew their labors. It is 
 true the number of the Lodges, thus laboring, was small, and 
 the number of attendants upon the meetings of those Lodges 
 so small, that the fact would hardly bear being mentioned. 
 Yet meetings they did have, and were encouraged. 
 
 Many of the leaders supposed that Masons were kept from 
 appearing at the meetings through bodily fear, or under a 
 sense of shame, as the name of a Free Mason had become dis- 
 reputable in society, and in the street. Yet they believed that 
 there were still numbers to be found, whose attachments for 
 the Order were strong, if they could be aroused and called 
 into exercise, and sufficiently so to embolden them to shake off 
 their fears, to banish their shame, and to stand forth before 
 the world, amid its present contempt for the Order, as "mem- 
 bers of the mystic tie." 
 
 It is true that the Grand Lodge, a year or two previous, had 
 passed a law, that there should not be any public demonstra- 
 tions made by Masons, as such, at any meetings or public 
 assemblages, and that public and funeral Masonic processions 
 were forbidden by that body. This was done on account of 
 the odium that attached to Free Masonry in that particular 
 season of its adversity. But these brethren were of the opin- 
 ion that the time had come when a public demonstration should 
 
SCOTTISH RITE OP HEREDOM. 223 
 
 be made, in order, at least to show, that Masonry was not yet 
 dead. 
 
 They had selected St. John's day, in the month of June, to 
 make that demonstration, and in order to make it as effective 
 as possible, about one month previous to the occurrence of the 
 festival, an advertisement appeared in the daily papers, with- 
 out any signature, calling a meeting of all Free and Accepted 
 Masons, in good and regular standing, at "Warren Hall, corner 
 of Oliver and Henry Street, for a certain evening. Xo par- 
 ticular object of the meeting was stated in the call. Curiosity 
 and strong sympathy for the Order, led the author to attend 
 the meeting, as such an event had not transpired for the ten 
 years previous. 
 
 On arriving at the place appointed, he found the room, which 
 was large, densely crowded with old familiar faces, and the 
 Chairman, on his entrance, was stating the object of the call, 
 viz., the public celebration of the coming St John's festival, by 
 a procession in the street, religious exercises, and a dinner. 
 After the object was stated to the meeting, there appeared to 
 be a great diversity of opinion among the brethren assembled, 
 among the number of whom was E. W. James Van Benschoten, 
 Deputy Grand Master ; and R. "W. James Herring, Grand 
 Secretary of the Grand Lodge. The discussion became warm, 
 and in the course of an hour after coming together, the assem- 
 bly became any thing else than an orderly one. The brethren 
 had dropped off, one by one, until but a very small number was 
 left behind. The meeting was unsatisfactory, produced no good 
 results, and created a great deal of animosity. 
 
 It appeared that York Lodge, JVo. 367, had passed a resolu- 
 tion to celebrate the anniversary by an oration, dinner, pro- 
 cession, &c., and had appointed a Committee to wait upon 
 other Lodges, and request their co-operation. Eventually, 
 three Lodges, viz., Hibemia, Benevolent and Silentia, were found 
 who agreed to unite with them in the celebration. The object 
 of the meeting was to increase the number, and the invitation 
 was there given, to all Masons in good and regular standing, 
 to unite with them on the occasion. 
 
 As the Deputy Grand Master and Grand Secretary had 
 
224 SCOTTISH KITE, ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED. 
 
 made objections to the affair, and called to the minds of thoSe 
 assembled, the Edict of the Grand Lodge, a sub Committee 
 of Five was deputed to call upon them, and submit the follow- 
 ing question, viz. : " Is there any article in the Constitution 
 which prohibits a procession on St. John's day, without a Dis- 
 pensation from the Grand Master or his Deputy ? " 
 
 In performance of this duty, they proceeded to the Grand 
 Secretary's office, and there found both these persons, to whom 
 they put the above interrogatory. They both then decided 
 " that there was nothing in the Constitution which prohibited 
 any regular Lodge from celebrating that day in the usual man- 
 ner, without a permission from the Grand Lodge." The Com- 
 mittee of Inquiry reported accordingly to the Joint Commit- 
 tee then in session, who, thereupon selected a Committee of 
 Arrangements, who performed their duties by engaging a 
 church, orator, music, dinner, <fec. Due notice of the contem- 
 plated celebration was forthwith published in all the principal 
 newspapers of the city. 
 
 Time passed on without any objection being interposed or 
 suggested by any party whatever. On the night previous to 
 the day of celebration, at half-past eleven o'clock, Mr. Atwood 
 received a notice, dated on that day, prohibiting the celebra- 
 tion, signed by R. W. James Van Benschoten, and attested by 
 James Herring, Grand Secretary. It was then too late to stay 
 proceedings. 
 
 Tlie following morning, the 24th, and the day of the celebra- 
 tion, at half-past nine o'clock, Bros. Van Benschoten and Her- 
 ring appeared in person at Union Hall. The R. W. Deputy 
 Grand Master inquired, " What was the meaning of this assem- 
 bly after the Edict of the previous day ? " Mr. Atwood replied, 
 " That he knew of no Constitutional Rule or Regulation of the 
 Order, which authorized him to issue such an Edict ; and fur- 
 ther, if it ever did exist, he had waived it, by informing the 
 Committee, that any Lodge had a right to celebrate this anni- 
 versary in the usual manner, without a permission from the 
 Grand Lodge." 
 
 The R. W. Deputy Grand Master then read the Edict forbid 
 ding the procession. 
 
SCOTTISH KITE OP HBEEDOM. 225 
 
 The Brethren present, over three hundred, voted unanimous- 
 ly to go forward. 
 
 The procession was formed, the ceremonies were performed 
 in a very orderly manner, and went off with satisfaction to all 
 concerned. 
 
 On the 12th of July following, a special meeting of the 
 Grand Lodge was held, at which charges were preferred 
 against Henry 0. Atwood and "William P. Piatt, for appearing 
 in the said procession and encouraging the same. The follow- 
 ing week they were expelled. And on the receipt of the 
 information, " St. John's Grand Lodge " was organized, and as 
 such, continued to practice the Ancient Rites and Ceremonies 
 until 1851, when the happy union was accomplished with the 
 M. W. Grand Lodge of the State of New York. 
 
 The dissenting brethren also formed a Royal Arch Chapter, 
 under the name of " Orient Chapter," deriving their authority 
 from 111. Bro. Henry C. Atwood, Sovereign Grand Inspector 
 General, Thirty-third degree, also an Encampment of Knights 
 Templar — both of which bodies continued regular' work in 
 those degrees up to the time of the Union in 1851. 
 
 The meetings of La Payette Chapter of Rose Croix were 
 continued, and many new members were added to the same. 
 But as the Grand Lodge of the State had expelled most of the 
 brethren who were members of that Chapter, and thus inter- 
 dicted them from communication with the bodies under their 
 jurisdiction, as a matter of course, the addition of new mem- 
 bers to the Rose Croix Chapter, were mostly from the bodies 
 deriving from St. John's Grand Lodge. 
 
 1838. The furniture and fixtures of the Sublime Lodge of 
 Perfection, Council of Princes of Jerusalem, Sovereign Chap- 
 ter of Rose Croix, and Sublime Princes of the Royal Secret, 
 which were before in use by the United Supreme Council, were 
 this year purchased from Bro. Timolat, and paid for by the 
 Sovereign Chapter of Rose Croix. They were removed to 
 Union Hall. The regular meetings of the United Supreme 
 Council, except annual, had ceased from want of numbers, and 
 want of interest in the cause. 
 
 In consequence of the inactivity into which the Council had 
 
226 SCOTTISH BITE, ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED. 
 
 fallen, its correspondence with foreign bodies had been, 
 neglected. This was especially the case with the Grand Orient 
 and Supreme Council of Brazil, with which body regular com- 
 munications were had until 1835, after which time the languor 
 of the body was such that there was not found sufficient energy 
 among the members to sustain such a correspondence as the 
 Treaty required. Some four years had elapsed, when in the 
 month of November, 1839, T .-. M.-. Ill .-. Bro .-. Elias Hicks, 
 M. P. Sov. Gr. Commander received from the Supreme Coun- 
 cil for the Empire of Brazil, an official document (see Appendix, 
 Document 28, Appendage,) inviting the United Supreme Coun- 
 cil to open with them a continuous correspondence, by means 
 of which they may keep one another mutually informed of the 
 requirements and of the prosperity of the Order to which they 
 belong. The document was written with a pen, and is a beauti- 
 ful specimen of chirography, the first words, " En JYome do 
 M.-. Santo e Chr. Arch.', do Un.\," " Ordo ab Chao," being 
 written in gold. It is in two columns, the left hand column in 
 Portuguese, the other in French. 
 
 Prom this period to the year 1846, the meetings of the Su- 
 preme Council were annual, and the records show that the 
 only attending members were Joseph Bouchaud, Francis 
 Dubuar, and five others, all the rest having become disaffected 
 and dropped off. The Count St. Laurent continued as the 
 Representative of the body, near the Supreme Council of 
 France. On the 27th of October, 1846, there were present, 
 Joseph Bouchaud, President ; John Telfair, George Smith and 
 John S. Mitchell, Assistant Secretary. On motion of Brother 
 Telfair, it was ordered '' that the funds of this Supreme Council, 
 in the hands of the Treasurer, be distributed, pro rata, among the 
 surviving members of the Supreme Council, who composed the 
 body previous to the introduction of new members." In accord- 
 ance with this resolution, III. Bro. Bouchaud paid over to 111. 
 Bro. George Smith, Secretary General of the Supreme Council, 
 to be divided among those brethren, Bro. Bouchaud refusing 
 to receive any part of the same. This date terminated the 
 existence of the body, as then constituted, and it thereby came 
 to an end. 
 
SCOTTISH RITE OP HBREDOM. 227 
 
 It will thus be seen that by this date, the United Supreme 
 Council in this branch had dwindled down to four members. 
 111. Bros. Elias Hicks and Jonathan Schieffelin were dead ; the 
 Count St. Laurent had returned to Prance, and was Repre- 
 sentative near the Supreme Council there ; the Marquis de 
 Sant Angelo, 111. Bros. Melani, Ugarti, Cabrera, Tellar and 
 Zavala had left the country ; the members had forsaken the 
 body on account of the dissatisfaction before referred to, and 
 the four remaining brethren could not transact, the regular 
 business of the body. Under these circumstances they brought 
 it to an end. 
 
 But it must not be supposed that these four remaining breth- 
 ren were the whole Council or that their acts were binding on 
 those members who had withdrawn. By referring to the An- 
 nuary published (Document 27,) it will be seen that there were 
 many more who were members left behind, all of whom were 
 opposed to any interference with Ancient Masonry, and with- 
 drew on that account. The most of them did not unite with 
 any other body, but some of them claimed membership with 
 the Marsh party and continued their assemblages in the La- 
 fayette Rose Croix Chapter and Consistory formed by them. 
 They were largely in the majority until 1837, when, on account 
 of the expulsion from the Grand Lodge of the Atwood party, 
 they quit altogether, leaving Marsh, Atwood, Piatt, and one 
 or two others to continue the work. This they did until the 
 year 1846, at which time many additions had been made of 
 members hailing under St. John's Grand Lodge, and when the 
 dissolution of the four took place, the Consistory at once suc- 
 ceeded them under the former system — that is, they adopted 
 the former rule, which was " non interference with the first three 
 degrees of Masonry, they being governed solely by Grand Lodges." 
 This work was harmoniously continued until 1850, when the 
 union of the two Grand Lodges took place, thus removing all 
 difl&culties out of the way ; the old members again came in ; 
 the proceedings were confirmed ; the body reorganized, and 
 took the position which it had uninterruptedly occupied, viz., 
 the Supreme Council of the United States of America, their 
 Territories and Dependencies, having only been interrupted 
 
228 , SCOTTISH RITE, ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED. 
 
 for a short period by a difference of opinion. The list of 
 members contains the names of 111. Bro. John W. Mulligan, 
 Past Grand Commander ; W. Wright Hawkes, Seth Driggs, 
 John B. Satterthwaite, David Naar, Thomas W. Satterthwaite, 
 with many others who formerly ofl&ciated in the United Su- 
 preme Council. 
 
 We shall leave this part of the subject here, and shortly 
 return to it again. 
 
 Fourth, The matters connected with the Consistory at New 
 Orleans. 
 
 It will be remembered that this body was chartered in the 
 year 1813, went into operation, and continued for twenty 
 years, performing its proper and legitimate duties, viz., up to 
 the year 1833, when the Grand Lodge of Louisiana, thinking 
 her rights invaded as Governor of the Symbolic degrees, solic- 
 ited of the Consistory the formation of a Scottish chamber in 
 her bosom. The request was complied with, the chamber was 
 formed, and continued to exercise its powers until the year 
 1850, a period of seventeen years. At its commencement, the 
 Consistory relinquished to the chamber, all authority over the 
 Symbolic degrees, and worked from the Fourth degree. 
 
 But during this time, the United Supreme Council (the 
 parent body) had ceased its activity, although in full corres- 
 pondence with most of the other legitimate Supreme Councils 
 of the two hemispheres — and when this fact was made known 
 in New Orleans, the Supreme Council was established there 
 in 1839, took up the correspondence which had been broken, 
 a,nd continued it until 1850. This is important to our history, 
 for by it will be seen that the chain of succession is regularly 
 kept up, and acknowledged by foreign powers from the year 
 1813 to the year 1850, not by the power of individual inspec- 
 tors, but by the power of regularly constituted bodies, and 
 acknowledged as such by all legitimate bodies of the kind. 
 
 Mr. Foulhouze, of the Supreme Council of Louisiana, in 
 speaking upon this subject, says : 
 
 " Although it (the United Supreme Council) had erred, by entering into a 
 Treaty with the Supreme Council of Prance, the United Supreme Council of 
 the Western Hemisphere had, however, acted according to the true Scotch 
 
SCOTTISH RITE OF HBRBDOM. 229 
 
 principle, and its act of ratification, which fully justified our predecessors, 
 ought to have insured its success. 
 
 " But the result was not altogether what it ought to have been. The act 
 which was to cause its triumph, occasioned its momentary ruin. The bigots 
 of the York Rite became indignant at a Treaty which deprived them of tax 
 payers in their Grand Lodges. The Dalcho Council at Charleston, and the 
 Gourgas Council at New York,* availed themselves of the circumstance, and 
 came out with their doctrine of sublime submission to Yorkism : and truth 
 soon was forced to suffer in a city where its friends were scarce, and unprovi- 
 ded with proper information : and gradually, the United Supreme Council of 
 the Western Hemisphere ceased to give signs of life. Our Ex Grand Consis- 
 tory vainly wrote to it. The letters fell into the dead letter box at the Post 
 Office, and our predecessors were about to take measures to ascertain the cause 
 of the sudden interruption of correspondence, when the Marquis de Sant Aii- 
 gelo, who, from some time previous, was a member of the Supreme Council, 
 and had been its Lieut. Grand Commander, arrived at New Orleans. 
 
 " It was in. 1839. There were then, in New Orleans, several Thirty-thirds, 
 and among others. Brother Conte, who had received that degree in the Grand 
 Orient. The Marquis de Sant Angelo informed his colleagues of the slumber 
 into which the United Supreme Council of the Western Hemisphere had fal- 
 len ; and concurrently with them proceeded to give force and vigor, under the 
 title of ' Supreme Council of the Thirty-third mid last degree, of the Ancient 
 and Accepted Scottish Rite for the United States of America.' 
 
 '■ That Council once organized, several Princes of the Royal Secret of our 
 Ex Grand Consistory, and among others, our Brother Jean Francois Canonge, 
 were initiated to the Thirty-third degree. Brother Sant Angelo was its first 
 Grand Commander ; after him Brother Conte, who was succeeded by Brother 
 Jean Francois Canonge. 
 
 " Our Ex Grand Consistory acknowledged that Supreme Council, from its 
 establishment in 1839, and passed under its jurisdiction. Some time after, its 
 Grand Secretary, Brother Montmain, entered into a correspondence with a 
 Thirty-third in Paris, Brother Juge, to the end of having our Supreme Coun- 
 cil recognized by the competent authority in France. 
 
 " Brother Juge called at first on the Supreme Council of France, which de- 
 clined corresponding with us. He informed Brother Montmain of that fact, 
 and suggested the idea of calling on the Supreme Council of the Grand Orient. 
 Our predecessors did so, and on the 14th of April, 1843, that Supreme Coun- 
 cil of the Grand Orient, by a resolution to that effect, recognized our Supreme 
 Council under the above given title." 
 
 This recognition was continued until 1850. 
 
 * 1847, this must allude to, because there was no Gourgas Council in existence until that 
 time. 
 
230 SCOTTISH RITE, AXOIENT AXD ACCEPTKI>. 
 
 In the Report made to the Grand Orient, by its Orator, the 
 following account is given ■. 
 
 " In 1839, the Supreme Conncil of the Thirty-third, Scottish Rite, Ancient 
 and Accepted, succeeded the Scottish Grand Consistory, Thirty-second, and 
 that power, the highest class of this system, inherited the prerogatives of the 
 said Consistory. The Consistory was acknowledged, from its commencement, 
 by the Grand Orient of France, through the Sovereign Grand Consistory, its 
 parent, and the Supreme Council of that State was acknowledged in 1840 by 
 the Grand Orient of Prance, and was in close and intimate correspondence 
 with it, for more than twelve years, as an independent. Sovereign power in its 
 rite. Its regularity is beyond all question. 
 
 " The Scottish Symbolic Chamber of the Supreme Council of Louisiana 
 was held in the M. W. Grand Lodge of Louisiana, until 1850, a period of 
 seventeen years, without interruption, and was, at that time, cut off. It was 
 in consequence of this event, that the Supreme Grand Council there, by a de- 
 cision dated September 20th, 1850, resumed her authority over all the degrees 
 of the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite." 
 
 As we shall not again return to the Supreme Council of 
 Louisiana, and as Masonry in that State, previous to the year 
 1850, whether of the Ancient or Accepted, or of the York Rite, 
 has been considered, one and the same, it will be as well to 
 finish this part of the subject here, by a very short sketch of 
 the difficulties there, as well as to correct the mis-statements 
 of M. W. John G-edge, concerning the Supreme Council, which 
 have been published and widely circulated among the frater- 
 nity. We have no disposition to enter upon a critical exam- 
 ination of the proceedings in the Grand Lodge of Louisiana, 
 under the Grand Mastership of Gedge. Those who wish for 
 information, are referred to the published proceedings of that 
 body, in the years 1850 and 1851. 
 
 The Report drawn up by Leblanc de Marconnay, one or two 
 years after the occurrences had taken place, is free from per- 
 sonal animadversion ; it sets the matter before us in a clear 
 light, and in such a way that it can be easily understood by 
 the most common intellect. He says : 
 
 •• All the Grand Lodges in the United States of America, thu'ty-two in 
 number, have been constituted after the York Rite, because they originated 
 from England, Scotland and Ireland, where said rite is practiced since the re- 
 vival of the Masonic Order, and where it has ever stood unalloyed. The only 
 exception to this general rule took place in Louisiana, which became a State 
 
SCOTTISH RITE OP HEREDOM. 231 
 
 of the Union in 1812. The population of aaid State was, at that time, exclu- 
 rtyely of French or Spanish origin. 
 
 " The first Lodge in Louisiana was founded in 1793, by brethren of various 
 Easts, all united at New Orleans. They applied to the Grand Lodge of South 
 Carolina, and obtained from her, and under the name and title of ' Perfect 
 Union,' a Constitution, whereby they were authorized to practice the York 
 Rite. The second Lodge was established in 1794, after the Scottish Rite, by 
 the Grand Mother Lodge of Marseilles, in default of the Grand East, which, 
 at the time, was not at work, in consequence of the events of the French revo- 
 lution. This Lodge took Ihe name of ' Polar Star Lodge,' which cumulated 
 afterward, the Modern, Scottish and York Rites. Masons from South Caro- 
 lina, established in 1800, a York Rite Lodge, under the obedience of the Grand 
 liOdge of Pennsylvania, and bearing the name of ' Charity Lodge.' Several 
 brethren from the northern section of the United States, established in 1806, 
 the ' Louisiana Lodge,'' under the jurisdiction of the Grand Lodge of New 
 York, equally practicing the York Rite. In the same year, the Grand Lodge 
 of Pennsylvania authorized the establishment of a new Lodge after the York 
 Rite, and under the name of ' Harmony,' and another under the name of ' De- 
 sired Reunion,'' composed of Masons from St. Domingo. 
 
 " Such was the essence of Masonry in Louisiana previous to the creation of 
 a Special Grand Lodge for that State. The constituted authorities and the rites 
 in practice were different. But at that period, Louisiana was but a Masonic 
 territory belonging to a foreign power, and it was then customary for Masons 
 to derive their title from whencesoever they pleased, as long as the majority 
 recognized or established no Masonic authority. All these Lodges lived in 
 perfect harmony, notwithstanding the different communions, and as a matter 
 of course, the rites followed by the Masons of Louisiana, were amalgamated. 
 
 " The idea of founding a Grand Lodge, belongs to the first of the constituted 
 Lodges, and all said Lodges concurred in a measure, whereby they were to be 
 governed on an equal footing with the Lodges of other parts of the Union. A 
 General Committee was constituted in Convention on the 18th of April, 1812, 
 under the title of General Masonic Committee for the State of Louisiana, and for 
 the purpose of establishing a Grand Lodge at New Orleans. Said Committee 
 decided that a Grand Masonic Convention, composed of the five first Officers, 
 and of the W. Past Masters of the Lodges represented in its bosom, to be sum- 
 moned on the 6th of June, 1812. A Constitution was adopted, and the Grand 
 Lodge was inaugurated after the York Rite, on the 11th of July, 1812, under 
 the Presidency of the W. Bro. Dubourg, first Grand Master. 
 
 ;■ On the 15th of March, 1813, a Grand Chapter of Royal Arch Masons for 
 the State of Louisiana was also established, independent of the Grand Lodge 
 in order to regulate the administration of the high degrees of the York Rite. 
 
 " Finally, the Scottish Masons of Louisiana applied to the proper authority 
 (the Sovereign Grand Consistory, sitting in New York, and the competent 
 authority of said rite) for the establishment of a Grand Consistory for the 
 
232 SCOTTISH RITE, ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED. 
 
 Southern portion of the United States. Said Consistory was inaugurated and 
 proclaimed in New Orleans, on the 19th of June, 1813, and became afterwards 
 a dependency of the Supreme Council now existing in that city. The princi- 
 pal Officers of the Grand Lodge, belonged, in the meantime, to the Grand 
 Chapter of Royal Arch Masons, and to the Scottish Consistory of Louisiana. 
 Many Lodges worked under the York Rite altogether, and many also under 
 the Scottish Rite, or Modern Constitution, without interrupting the general 
 harmony. 
 
 " An act of incorporation was granted by the Legislature of Louisiana, to 
 the Grand Lodge, and said act contained no proviso, whereby it should be 
 necessary to belong exclusively to the York Rite, in order to enjoy its privi- 
 leges and benefits. On the contrary, it is therein stipulated that all regular 
 Lodges constituted, under the authority of said Grand Lodge, are hereby de- 
 clared to be as many corporations, de facto et de jure, under whatever name or 
 title they might be known or called in their Constitutions, with powers equal 
 to those granted by the Grand Lodge. And the Brethren Soulie, Dubourg, 
 Moreau de Lilet, Lefebre, Lemonier, Guibert and Pinta, mentioned as petition- 
 ers in preamble of said Act, belonged to the several rites then in practice, and 
 among said rites was the ' Scottish Rite, Ancient and Accepted.' 
 
 " It is true there existed some discontent among certain Lodges of the York 
 Rite, claiming the rigorous principles of said rite, and excluding any amalga- 
 mation with other systems. But the Grand Lodge was not, at that period, 
 afflicted with that disease, and she spared no exertion in maintaining union 
 among her subordinates. 
 
 ■' Furthermore, the Grand Lodge, by decree, June 8th, 1833, which decree 
 was notified to the Grand Consistory of Princes of the Royal Secret for the 
 State of Louisiana, established in her bosom, a, Scottish Symbolic Chamber, 
 and requested the Grand Consistory to divest itself of the right of constituting 
 Scottish Lodges, and to transfer the same to the said Chamber. This demand 
 was granted, and all the Scottish Lodges exchanged their Constitutive title, 
 for a Patent, issuing from the Grand Lodge, in her Scottish Symbolic Cham- 
 ber. This act proves undeniably, that the Grand Lodge of the York Rite, recog- 
 nizes the right of the Grand Scottish Consistory, and consequently of the Su- 
 preme Council, to establish Lodges of its system in Louisiana. 
 
 " In 1839 the Supreme Council of the Scottish Rite, succeeded the Grand 
 Scottish Consistory, and that power, the highest of the system, had a personal 
 right to inherit the prerogatives of an inferior authority. This Supreme 
 Council has been recognized by the Grand East of France, with which it has 
 held a correspondence for more than ten years, and its regularity at this day 
 is beyond all question. 
 
 The Grand Lodge is also in correspondence with the Grand Orient, and 
 from that period, each of those authorities in Louisiana has been separately 
 represented, by distinct sponsors, in the bosom of the French Masonic Senate. 
 Encampments of Knights Templar had been instituted in Louisiana, by the 
 
SCOTTISH RITE OP HBRBDOM. 23a 
 
 Grand Encampment of the United States of America, and albeit, this system 
 is considered foreign to Masonry by all the authorities professing the several 
 rites, these bodies worked, nevertheless, under the jurisdiction of, or were 
 ittached to the other regular Masonic bodies of the Consistory. 
 
 ■ It is true that the York Rite, in its admirable purilanism, does not recog- 
 nize, as belonging to the Masonic doctrines, the high degrees of the Scottish 
 Rite, those of Heredom, Modern system, Kilwinning, Scotch Philosophy, nor 
 those of the ' Rectified system of Knights Templar, of Malta, and of the 
 Triple Cross.' But it does not forbid its Adepts to take those degrees, and 
 does not consider that they have forfeited their title to Masons, if their incli- 
 nation induces them to become initiated in said degrees. It prohibits only, the 
 wearing of their insignia in the Symbolic temples. 
 
 " In 1846, the Grand Lodge of the State of Mississippi, contrary to all rules 
 established between the Grand Lodges of the American Union, constituted 
 several Symbolic Lodges after the York Rite, in and for the Territory of the 
 Grand Lodge of the State of Louisiana. The latter justly complained of 
 such unfair conduct, and denounced her to all the Grand Lodges, the majority 
 of which, blamed energetically, such an illegal step. The Grand Lodge of • 
 Mississippi rested her right upon a pretended violation of the rules established 
 for the practice of the York Rite, which violation resided, according to her 
 opinion, in the cumulation of rites adopted by the Grand Lodge of Louisi- 
 ana. 
 
 " In 1849, the regular Grand Lodge of Louisiana numbered sixty-six Lodges 
 under her jurisdiction, three of which followed the Modern Rite, four the Scot- 
 tish Rite, one cumulated the York, Scottish and Modern Rites, and the remain- 
 der practiced the York Rite. These painful debates lasted until 1850, when 
 a, Convention of the Symbolic Lodges of Louisiana called all the Masons of the 
 State, for the purpose of adopting a new Constitution. The Scottish Lodges, 
 together with those of other rites, sent Deputies to the Convention ; but it 
 may be easily conceived that they were defeated by an immense majority of 
 the followers of the York Rite. The Constitution that was then adopted, de- 
 creed, that the Grand Lodge of the State of Louisiana could establish no other 
 than Lodges of Free and Accepted Ancient York Masons. The brethren of 
 the Scottish Rite believed sincerely, that this disposition took in, or received, 
 the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite Masons, as well as the Ancieut York 
 Rite. But such was not the intention of the leaders of the majority in the 
 Grand Lodge, and soon after, the Scottish Chamber ceased to be admitted in 
 her bosom. 
 
 " And in order that there should be no misunderstanding about the new in- 
 tentions of the Grand Lodge, she informed the Supreme Council by a special 
 communication, dated March 5th, 1850, that henceforth she would neither con- 
 stitute, nor administer, any other Lodge but those professing e.tclusively the 
 York Rite. The Scottish Lodges, thus deprived of a proper government, re- 
 turned their Charters to the Grand Lodge, and united under the jurisdiction 
 
234 SCOTTISH RITE, ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED. 
 
 of the Supreme Council, from which they received new Constitutions. It was 
 in consequence of this event, that the Supreme Council, by a decision dated 
 September 20th, 1850, resumed its authority over all the degrees of the Ancient 
 and Accepted Scottish Rite. 
 
 " The various changes which I have related would have been but of a com- 
 mon nature, had not the Grand Lodge of Louisiana, by an incomprehensible 
 intolerance, ordered all the Lodges under its jurisdiction, to shut out the Scot- 
 tish Masons, considering them altogether as spurious and illegal. 
 
 " The Grand Lodge of Louisiana sought to justify this strange ' Ostracism' 
 by the authority of two pretended Scottish Masonic powers, viz., the body 
 under the control of Albert G. Mackey, of Charleston, South Carolina, and 
 that of J. J. J. Gourgas, of New Tork city, who pretend to consider the Su- 
 preme Council of Louisiana as ' spurious,' under the pretence that they did 
 not constitute or recognize it, &c." 
 
 Here is a plain account of the whole transaction, and the 
 proceedings, condensed in fewr words, free from all the mis- 
 representations and special pleadings by Gedge, and is given 
 in full to show the true state of the case. Mr. Foulhouze, in 
 his pamphlet concerning the rite, says : 
 
 " Through the notorious J. Gedge, who always dreamed of revolts and 
 scandals, and seemed most happy when fomenting them, the Grand Lodge of 
 Mississippi, established in 1848, a Tork Grand Lodge in Louisiana, in oppo- 
 sition to the State Grand Lodge which cumulated the rites — that is to say, 
 which administered each of them respectively and separately through corres- 
 ponding Symbolic Chambers. 
 
 " That attempt did not succeed. John Gedge then caused a Masonic Con- 
 vention to be held at Baton Rouge. The Scotch Masons there present were 
 shamelessly deceived, for when they believed that the decrees of that Conven- 
 tion, which was to effect the union of the two Grand Lodges, had been so 
 worded as to secure their Scotch rights, they learned by the ordinances of the 
 new Grand Lodge, that their Symbolic Chamber was destroyed, and they 
 were placed under the immediate control of Tork rulers. Thereupon, the 
 Scotch Lodges complained before our Supreme Council, which, by its decree 
 of September 20th, 1850, resumed the sole exercise of power over them. 
 
 " Gedge knew where the deception lay, and that it was no accident, but the 
 result of artful design. He hated the Scotch Rite, and had attempted all in 
 his power to destroy it. The question, therefore, for him, was to find out how 
 he could carry out his purposes, and as he was unscrupulous about the means 
 to employ, he conceived the idea of becoming a Scotch Mason himself, if it 
 were possible. He succeeded in finding at Charleston a man as unscrupulous 
 as himself. That man was A. G. Mackey. He came out, at Gedges' request, 
 to establish a Consistory for the government of the rite in Louisiana, which he 
 constituted under the jurisdiction of the Supreme Power at Charleston, ap- 
 
SCOTTISH RITE OP HEREDOM. 235 
 
 pointing Gedge as the Commander, and therein conferring the high degrees of 
 what they are pleased to call the Scotch Rite, in such a manner as to create 
 disgust, even to those who now exalt him as their Most Potent Monarch, &c." 
 
 It has been authoritatively stated, that the said Consistory, 
 in concordance with a well concocted plan, was formed in a 
 private roon^ in the evening, at New Orleans, by Mr. Mackey, 
 who, placing his right hand upon the shoulder of each map in 
 the circle, one by one, and audibly declaring them to be Sub- 
 lime Princes of the Royal Secret, thus constituted them into a 
 ruling body of the Scottish Rite in that State, with John 
 Gedge as their Commander. 
 
 The following communication was immediately transmitted 
 by the Grand Lodge of Louisiana to the Supreme Council : 
 
 " New Orleans, March 5th, 1850. 
 " GRAND LODGE OF THE STATE OF LOUISIANA " 
 " To the Supreme Council of Sovereign Grand Inspectors General of Thirty- 
 third and last degree, Ancient Free and Accepted Scottish Masonry." 
 " Bkethkbn : 
 " Per mandate of the Grand Lodge of the State of Louisiana, I respectfully 
 hereby inform you that the following Resolution was duly passed and adopted 
 by that body, at its extraordinary meeting of the 4th inst. — 
 
 " Resolved, That the Grand Secretary of this Grand Lodge shall immediate- 
 ly inform the Supreme Council of Sovereign Grand Inspectors General, Thir- 
 ty-third degree, meeting at New Orleans, that this Grand Lodge renounces, 
 now and forever, to constitute any Symbolic Lodges, other than as Ancient 
 Free and Accepted Masons. 
 
 ' I remain, with the highest consideration, yours fraternally, 
 
 J. J. E. Massicot." 
 
 This communication sets forth the result of the whole mat- 
 ter. The Convention had been held at Baton Rouge ; the 
 union of the two Grand Lodges had taken place ; the Consti- 
 tution which was to cut off from membership, all Scottish Ma- 
 sons and Scottish Lodges had been ratified ; the mandate fol- 
 lowed ; the Supreme Council again resumed the rights which 
 she had vested in the Grand Lodge in 1833, whereupon the 
 new Consistory was erected by Mackey, with John Gedge as 
 its head. And now two questions present themselves : What 
 influences were used to bring about this result ? And what 
 
236 SCOTTISH RITE, ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED. 
 
 opinions were generally entertained by the brethren concern- 
 ing these proceedings ? 
 
 In reply to the first question, it would seem that John Gedge 
 was the principal mover in the -whole matter. And having 
 consummated all his plans, which resulted in a Convention, 
 &c., he made a speech to the Grand Lodge, filled with many 
 " errors," which speech, unfortunately for him, has been printed 
 and widely circulated, thus becoming a record and a reference. 
 We shall quote only a few lines of this document, believing 
 they will be suflicient. The whole report may be found in the 
 Grand Lodge proceedings, Louisiana, 1850. 
 
 " In porsoing this investigation, we find that there are two bodies of this 
 designation : one at New York, and the other at Charleston — the first claim- 
 ing jurisdiction over the Northern part of the United States, and the other 
 over the Southern. These two bodies date their existence and derive their 
 authority from a source much more ancient than the one here, and both aver 
 and declare, that according to the Statutes of their Order, none other can legally 
 exist in the United States. These protests have been puhlished, and they have 
 never been contradicted." 
 
 Again : 
 
 ■' I will remark in few words, upon the character of this intrusion upon the 
 jurisdiction of the Grand Lodge. Some excuse might be ofiered, were it 
 essentially necessary that the body intruding on us should interfere with Hym- 
 bolic Masonry, for the purpose of its peculiar rite ; but we are informed that 
 such is not the case. Two bodies bearing the same titles, and claiming the 
 same attributes, exist at New York and Charleston, and if there be any ad- 
 vantage and better information derived from antiquity of establishment, they 
 ought to possess them, having existed /or nearly half a century longer than the 
 one here, Ifc." 
 
 The investigation pursued by Mr. Gedge must have been 
 arduous indeed. But where, we ask, did he find this knowl- 
 edge ? Surely, if there had been such a body in Xew York, 
 as he claims to have discovered, or in the city of Charleston, 
 which dated their existence, and derived their authoritv from 
 a source, much more ancient than the one in New Orleans, or 
 the parent body in New York, from which it derived its 
 authority — so ancient as to have been in existence for half a 
 century before, &c. — this fact would have been known by the 
 Fraternity of either city. As far as Xew York was concerned 
 
SCOTTISH RITE OP HBREDOM. 237 
 
 the Fraternity there were well aware of the existence of a 
 body, which, at the date of his address, was very nearly fifty 
 years old, which was founded in 1807, and was acknowledged 
 and known all over the world. They also knew of a body 
 which was established in New York by De La Motta, either 
 in 1813 or 1815, which existed four or five years there, and 
 then expired. Since which, nothing was known or heard of it, 
 until the year 1847, when it appears in a new dress, with 
 Gourgas at its head. As it regards the Charleston body, no 
 claim was ever laid, even by themselves, prior to the year 1801. 
 while others than themselves, very well acquainted with the 
 history of that body, do not allow them any claim before the 
 year 1829 or 1830, at which time they were acknowledged by 
 the Grand Orient of France. And what Mr. Gedge asserted 
 about the "protests which had been published, and had never been 
 contradicted," he knew to be a barefaced, open falsehood, at the 
 time of uttering the same. The reply to De La Motta's 
 pamphlet, published by the Sovereign Grand Consistory in 
 1814, the several Edicts published afterwards by that body up 
 to the year 1827, the testimony of French and English histo- 
 rians who have treated the subject at large, and last of all, his 
 own personal knowledge, prove this. 
 
 Mr. Gedge also knew, quite as well, that the Louisiana 
 Consistory was established in New Orleans, in 1813, had a 
 Chamber in the Grand Lodge in 1833, and continued, not only 
 in active operation, but in full communion with the very Grand 
 Lodge, in which he was then speaking (1850) it being of 
 " seventeen years duration," and yet, in the face of all this evi- 
 dence, and of these facts, he declares the body to be spurious 
 and illegitimate ; this assertion, of course, being founded upon 
 what his friend, Mr. Mackey, had communicated to him. One 
 is at a loss to account for such conduct. 
 
 If Mr. Gedge had not been sadly blinded by his own interest, 
 and had taken a little more pains towards a fair examination, 
 he would have found that these two bodies, as he is pleased to 
 term them, had not the right to decide in the premises, inas- 
 much as neither of them were in good standing, and their 
 claims to authenticity and regularity had, long since, been set 
 
238 SCOTTISH RITE, ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED. 
 
 aside. That they never were the compeers of the SovereigQ 
 Grand Consistory, or the Consistory of Louisiana, but were 
 denounced by both bodies from the very beginning up to the 
 hour when he delivered his notable address. Not only so, but 
 even the Grand Lodges of all the Northern jurisdiction passed 
 Mr. Gourgas and his " body " by with the most perfect con- 
 tempt, not allowing a place on their records to witness, even 
 the " reception " of any of his communications. 
 
 It was by means of such statements as these, made by Gedge 
 to the Grand Lodge, that they were led to believe in the 
 spuriousness and illegitimacy of the Louisiana Consistory and 
 Council, and finally shut them out. After the work was con- 
 summated, Mackey stood ready to constitute a Consistory in 
 Louisiana, with Gedge at its head — but the body did not live 
 long. The parties interested made the discovery, that they 
 were not respected, but became the laughing stock of the fra- 
 ternity, and soon gave up their organization. The address or 
 letter to the M. W. Grand Master Gedge will best express the 
 opinions of the Fraternity there. 
 
 " A good deal of evil has been done ! that is certain, too certain. But who 
 has done it ? You are well aware, that in violation of all laws of Masonic 
 intercourse, the Grand Lodge of Mississippi founded Lodges in and for the 
 State of Louisiana, exactly as if this glorious State had not already had a 
 Grand Lodge, provided with all the necessary powers. These Lodges soon after 
 founded a Grand Lodge of the York Rite, in opposition to the true and only 
 Masonic Grand Lodge cumulating — that is, protecting all rites. To those 
 who acted thus, I have a right to say, you either were right in acting as you 
 did, or you were wrong. If you were right, why have you subsequently estab- 
 lished a Grand Lodge of no particular rite ? If you were wrong, why do you 
 not allow the Grand Lodge to grant Symbolic Chambers ? Why, in your 
 new Constitution, do you say, that you shall ascertain and propagate the true 
 ceremonial and instruction in the work of Masonry, and enforce their practice, 
 and by a subsequent resolution, proclaim that the ritual is not essential, is 
 more an article of discipline than faith, and is not a landmark of the Order ? 
 This is the origin of the evil : ' Index mail lobes' 
 
 " What right had the Mississippi Grand Lodge to usurp an authority be- 
 longing to us exclusively ? What right had you to interfere with our form of 
 worship, &o. 
 
 " It is painful to state that such an outrage has been suggested and done by 
 a Brother Mason, who either has a Masonry of his own, or ideas of his own, 
 which must be obeyed. Are the people to be trifled with ? Rave we, or 
 
SCOTTISH RITE OF HEREDOM. 239 
 
 have we not, the liberty of consoience ? And shall the ambitious whims of 
 one Sectarian, set everything on fire ? We had a Grand Lodge instituted 
 forty years ago. Under its jurisdiction every Lodge lived in perfect harmony 
 with her sisters, notwithstanding the difference of rites. Weakness, although 
 it would be more Masonic to say: the wish for peace and friendship, caused the 
 real Grand Lodge, numbering sixty-six Lodges under her jurisdiction, to admit 
 this spurious Grand Lodge into her bosom, and, as a matter of course, the 
 author of this outrage was soon appointed Grand Master of the ' Amalgama- 
 tion.' One would suppose that his ambition being satisfied, so far as noise in 
 the world and Sectarianism are concerned, he would keep quiet and establish 
 a general harmony. But no, he must pull down the whole edifice, and no mat- 
 ter what the consequence might be, he must, in the name of Peace and 
 Brotherly Love, set the brethren at drawn swords against each other, &o. 
 
 " They felt, however, in the Sanctum Sanctorum, that this was going a 
 little too fast ; that to amend or upset Constitutions, it was necessary to con- 
 sult the , people ; that this new step in the way of innovations might endanger 
 the work they were building up. Somewhat confident in the total ignorance 
 and good faith of those whose creed and rite they were about to crush, they 
 held a Convention at Baton Rouge, in June, 1850, that is to say, three months 
 after the autocratic decision by which they had broken their oath ! All 
 Lodges were represented in said Convention. But the Report tells you how 
 the Scotch brethren were defeated. 
 
 " In presence of such despotic, Anti-Masonic conduct, the Scotch brethren 
 resisted as men, as Masons, and formed an independent corporation under the 
 only Masonic authority existing in Louisiana, de jure et de facto. The 
 balance remained with the new Grand Lodge, swore obedience to her, through 
 indifference rather than from conviction. Soon after this, the very same 
 Sectarian, in his restlessness, caused Brother Albert G. Mackey to come from 
 Charleston, in order to establish a Grand Consistory, exactly as if there never 
 had existed a Supreme Council of the Scottish Rite in Louisiana. Our 
 Sectarian, after abolishing the Scottish Rite, wished to re-establish it, in order 
 to be at the head of it. This Consistory has been inaugurated ; you know it, 
 M. W., for you were admitted into li for proper causes. The manner in which 
 the degrees were conferred in this spurious Consistory is, and will be, an 
 eternal shame to the Brother who has conferred them. 
 
 " If Masonry is so often an object of mockery, if it is so often treated as 
 nonsense by men of the world, and even by some Masons, it is certainly owing 
 to the conduct of such men as make a traffic of it, either morally or pecuni- 
 arily. The Supreme Council to which I have the honor of belonging, and 
 which, in the Masonic world, is the only real and legitimate Supreme Council 
 for Louisiana, has declared this Consistory ' spurious.' The good faith of 
 many members of this new fangled Consistory has been abused, and I myself, 
 after having had the satisfaction of proviog, to some of them, that our Su- 
 preme Council was the only real, authority was commissioned by Brother 
 
240 SCOTTISH RITE, ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED. 
 
 Preha, in his own name, in that of his brother, and of Brother George Arnold 
 Holt, to declare and proclaim to all the brethren, that every thing had been, 
 misrepresented to them by the Ex Grand Master of the Grand Lodge, and 
 that they had sent in their resignation ; and you yourself, M. W. Grand Master, 
 you have told me that you had caused this mock Consistory to cease its 
 works, because you had found out its spurioitsness." [Ladebat's Letter, 
 1853.] 
 
 It appears that, subsequently, a disagreement of some kind 
 took place in tlie Supreme Council of Louisiana, which resulted 
 in the resignation of Messrs. Foulhouze, Collens, Paget and 
 Massicott, also Lisbouy and Lamothe. Brother Foulhouze 
 resigned and withdrew his membership in July, and the remain- 
 der in December, 1853. (See Appendix, Document 30, Part 
 First.) That in January, 1855, the " Mackey Consistory " of 
 1852, before alluded to by Brother Ladebat, in his able letter 
 to G-edge, and the old Consistory of 1813, entered into prelim- 
 inaries in a Convention held by the two bodies, in which it 
 was agreed, that all their difficulties should be referred to the 
 decision of the " Supreme Council of Chaelbston " for 
 adjudiciation. This decision of the bodies was undoubtedly 
 brought about by the resignation and withdrawal of the before 
 mentioned members, leaving the disaffected ones to pursue 
 their own course. No one who is at all acquainted with the 
 history of the Charleston body, will be long in coming to a 
 conclusion what that decision would be. It was, of course, 
 adverse to the Supreme Council of Louisiana, and the old 
 Consistory of 1813. ' Whereupon, the remaining members of 
 the Supreme Council dissolved that body, and the members of 
 the old Consistory of 1813, which Brother Ladebat was a 
 member of, transferred all its " rights, powers and privileges " 
 to the spurious Consistory of 1852, which Brother Ladebat 
 had so truthfully described in 1853. This was followed by a 
 " Concordat," or Articles of Union, between the Supreme Coun- 
 cil sitting at New Orleans (disaffected members, who were left 
 by those who resigned), and the Supreme Council at Charleston, 
 the latter body becoming the ruling power, while the former 
 became Honorary Members of the Charleston body, and Depu- 
 ties for the State of Louisiana. This was consummated in 
 February, 1855, and the result was, the Consistory of the year 
 
SCOTTISH RITE OP HERBDOM. 241 
 
 1852 became the ruling body, for Louisiana, and continues so, 
 as a dependent of the Charleston body up to the present day. 
 (See Appendix, Document 30, Part First.) 
 
 In the meantime, the members who withdrew in 1853, viz., 
 Brothers Poulhouze, Collens, Dufau, Lisbony, Faget and Maisi- 
 cot, united together, and re-established the Supreme Council 
 under James Foulhouze as their "Grand Commander. In the 
 month of February, 1855, the date of the Charleston Concor- 
 dat, the meetings of the Supreme Council were suspended, and 
 did not commence again until October, 1856. But they had 
 previously entered a solemn protest against the Concordat, 
 and, at the same time, declared the Supreme Council to be still 
 in existence, arid that it continued its works. 
 
 At the Special Meeting in October, 1856, present, Brothers 
 James Foulhouze, Pierre Soule, Thomas Wharton Collens, 
 J. B. Faget, Jean Lamothe, J. J. E. Massicot, Juan Bachino, 
 J. B. Broue, Louis Dufau, Romain Brugiere and Joseph Lis- 
 bony ; the request of several Scotch Masonic bodies was pre- 
 sented, viz., that the Supreme Council would take them under 
 their charge, and receive them under its jurisdiction. The 
 request was unanimously acceeded to, and Officers to the Su- 
 preme Council were immediately elected. J. J. E. Massicot 
 was elected as Grand Commander, succeeded by James Foul- 
 houze in April, 1857, who continues up to the present time. 
 
 That Supreme Council has now under its jurisdiction, 
 eighteen Symbolic Lodges, fourteen Rose Croix Chapters, and 
 twelve Councils of Kadosch, and appears to be in a very flour- 
 ishing condition. Although the Charleston body, under the 
 superintendence and direction of Brother Mackey, have ex- 
 pelled Brother Poulhouze, and have published it far and near, 
 yet it does not seem to have much effect in the Masonic world. 
 Like the edicts of his illustrious predecessor, De La Motta, of 
 notable and happy memory, his " hull " seems to be powerless, 
 and his productions, as in many other cases, fall " sdll born." 
 The reply of the Supreme Council will be found in the Appen- 
 dix, (Document 30, Part Second.) So then, the present state of 
 matters in New Orleans, Louisiana, is, one Supreme Council, 
 
242 SCOTTISH KITE, ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED. 
 
 Independent, and one Consistory, Thirty-second degree, De 
 pendant, upon the Charleston body. 
 
 Perhaps, in concluding this part of the history, it -would be 
 proper for us to state, that the attempt is made in the foregoing, 
 to set forth the simple ''facts " in the case, but that to all the 
 Fraternity who feel interested in the " differences " existing 
 with the New Orleans bodies, we would say, that a full account 
 thereof is given in the book published by Brother Foulhouze, 
 on one side, and by Brothers Lamarre and Ladebat, on the 
 other, to which they can refer at leisure. 
 
CHAPTER NINTH. 
 
 FURTHER PROGRESS OP THE ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED 
 
 RITE. 
 
 History of the Supreme Council for the United States of America, her 'I'erri- 
 tories and Dependencies resumed.! — Henry 0. Atwood. — the New OoLincil; 
 how formed ; and the reasons. — List of its Officers. — J. J. J. Gourgas. — 
 General Grand Chapter. — 0. 0. Sebring. — The maiden Edict of the Gour- 
 gas Supreme Council. — Convention at Chicago. — Rev. Bro. Walker. — 
 Lodge of Perfection in New York under Gourgas. — Re-organization of the 
 
 Supreme Council under Jeremy L. Cross The Terms and Conditions. — 
 
 List of its Officers. — The Edict and Appeal. — Reply to a previous Edict 
 
 and also to the present one by the Gourgas Council. — Masonic publications 
 
 Edict by the Charleston Council denying the authenticity of the Patent of 
 Jeremy L. Cross. — Copy of the Patent with the attestation of one of the 
 
 signers Resignation of Jeremy L. Cross. — Reasons. — Re-prganization and 
 
 Installation by the 111. Bro. James Poulhouze, Sov.-. Gr.-. Commander for 
 Louisiana. — List of Officers Installed. — Treaty between the Supreme Coun- 
 cil for the United States and the Supreme Council for Louisiana. — Leblanc 
 de Marconnay. — General Mosquera. — Resignations. — List of Officers in 
 1855.— Petition for New Bodies.— Death of 111.-. Bro.-. Henry C. At- 
 wood. — List of Officers in 1857. — Supreme Council for the State of Con- 
 necticut. — Bodies under its Jurisdiction Supreme Council for the State 
 
 of California Sov .-. Gr .-. Consistory for the State of New Jersey. — Sov .-. 
 
 Gr .-. Consistory for the State of Massachusetts History of the Gourgas 
 
 Council established in 1848. — Split. — Raymond Council Recapitulation 
 
 Sublime Lodgfe of Perfection at Albany, New Tork.^Oilea Fonda Tates. 
 — A Review of his Speech. — Facts stated. — Conclusion of the work of the 
 Sublime Lodge. 
 
 We -will now return and take up the history of the Supreme 
 Council of the United States of America, and bring it to 
 a close. 
 
 It will be remembered that in the year 1837, a split took 
 place in the Supreme Council, or rather, more properly speak- 
 ing, a division was made by reason of the expulsion of Brother 
 Flenry C. Atwood and his coadjutors, from the Grand Lodge 
 
244 SCOTTISH KITE, ANCIENT AND AOGEPrED. 
 
 of the State of Xew York. At this time a second, or new 
 Grand Lodge was formed, under the title of " St. John's Grand 
 Lodge," which chartered its own Lodges. It will also be 
 recollected that Mr. Atwood, at this time, was Sovereign 
 Grand Inspector General, Thirty-third degree, and held the 
 power of the same, ' confirmed and countersigned by Dewitt 
 Clinton, the M. P. Sovereign Grand Commander, which, ac- 
 cording to the Laws and Constitutions of the Order, gave him 
 the power for life, to establish, congregate, superintend and 
 instruct Lodges, Chapters, Colleges, Consistories and Councils 
 of the Royal and Military Order of Ancient and Modern Free 
 Masonry, over the surface of the two hemispheres, (fee. Taking 
 advantage of his position as a Sovereign Grand Inspector 
 General, he chartered a Chapter of Royal Arch Masons, under 
 the title of Orient Chapter, a Council of Royal and Select 
 Masters, and an Encampment of Knights Templar. Under 
 this organization, in the course of a few years the bodies pros- 
 pered, and largely increased in numbers. He, at the same time, 
 continued the meetings of Lafayette Rose Croix Chapter, 
 being its presiding officer, and established a Consistory of J?ub- 
 lime Princes of the Royal Secret. In due time he gathered 
 around him the old members of the United Supreme Council, 
 who, with others that had been elevated to the Thirty-third 
 degree he formed a Supreme Council which took the place of 
 the old body which had been dissolved. 
 
 This happened in the year 1846, or nine years after the 
 formation of St. John's Grand Lodge. From 1832 to 1837 the 
 Consistory and Rose Croix Chapter moved on in harmony : 
 but when the expulsion of the members of St. John's Grand 
 Lodge- took place, many of the old members of the Council 
 withdrew, leaving Brothers Atwood, Marsh, Piatt- and others 
 in possession. They continued to work on, and at the time 
 alluded to, viz., 1846, on hearing of the dissolution of the 
 body, composed then of but four members, they at once took 
 their place. Bro. Marsh died early in the year 1846, so that 
 his name dpes not appear in the new Council. Nor does Bro> 
 Piatt's name appear, so that the Consistory as then constituted, 
 01(1 this account, was made up entirely of new men who had 
 
SUPREME OOUNCIL-U. S. A. 245 
 
 been initiated under the auspices of, and were members of St. 
 John's Grand Lodge. It consisted of the following persons : 
 
 The III. Brothers. 
 
 Henbt C. Atwood, Sov . . Grand Commander, 
 
 John W. Timpson, Deputy " " 
 
 John W. Simons, Lieut. " " 
 
 Edmund B. Hays, Minister of State, 
 
 Daniel Sickles, Urand Secretary General of the H. E., 
 
 George E. Marshall, Grand Treasurer, 
 
 Thomas Hyatt, " Keeper of the Seals, 
 
 A. Colo Veloni, " Master of Ceremonies, 
 
 David Cochrane, " Captaip of the Guard. 
 
 This organization continued in existence, up to the time of 
 the union of the two Grand Lodges, in the winter of 1850 and 
 1851. In the month of April of the latter year, the Council 
 was re-organized, the causes which led to it being as follows : 
 
 In 1846, as has been before remarked, a portion of tlie 
 United Supreme Council for the Western Hemisphere, presided 
 over by Elias Hicks, was brought to an end. Mr. Gonrgas 
 had lived in perfect obscurity, from the time of the overthrow 
 of his " body " in the year 1818, from which time, up to 1848, 
 he was utterly unknown to the Masonic world. During the 
 years 1845 and 1846, a movement was made by some persons, 
 to build up a Supreme Council of the Ancient and Accepted 
 Rite. They found that the United Supreme Council had dis- 
 continued its meetings, also that Masonry was on the increase. 
 The matter had been canvassed over at the preceding meeting 
 of the General Grand Chapter, and some efforts were there 
 made to gain adherents. They were successful as it regarded 
 numbers, preparatory to their organizing as a body. They 
 began to canvass among themselves who should be their head, 
 or Grand Commander. Hearing that 111. Bro. C. C. Sebring, a 
 member of the Supreme Council at Charleston, resided at 
 Tarrytown, New York, they waited upon him, and requested 
 him to become, by virtue of his power, their Grand Commander 
 for the Northern Jurisdiction. On looking over the list of 
 names then presented to him, Mr. Sebring replied to them, that 
 it was true he was a member of the Charleston Council, but 
 that he did not know Mr. Gourgas, as either a member of the 
 
246 SCOTTISH KITE, ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED. 
 
 Council or a Mason, that he (Mr. Gourgas) was never a mem- 
 ber of the Charleston body ; that he was entirely unacquainted 
 with all the other gentlemen, and declined having any thing to 
 do with them whatever. Failing in this application, they con- 
 sulted together, and after due deliberation, made up their Coun- 
 cil of the following persons, with Gourgas at their head, viz., 
 J. J. J. Gourgas, Giles Fonda Yates, Edward A. Raymond, 
 Killian H. Van Rensselaer, John Christie, Charles W. Moore 
 and Archibald Bull. Having organized themselves, they issued 
 their first, or maiden edict, bearing date of June 1st, 1848. 
 But it is not probable that they were fairly and completely 
 organized before 1848, as Brother Mitchell thus speaks of them 
 in his Masonic History, Vol. 2, page 88 : 
 
 " To guard against evil surmise^, the author deems it proper to state that, 
 in 1847, the Bev. Bro. Walker, then an Episcopal Minister at Chicago, and 
 Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of Illinois, invited or called a Convention 
 of Royal Arch Masons, from that and the surrounding States. To this Con- 
 vention Brother Walker exhibited his authority, given him by the ' Grand 
 Council of New York,' over which Brother J. J. J. Gourgas presided. The 
 author was invited to deliver a public address to said Convention ; and during 
 his visit, Brother Walker, in the presence of the late Brother Barney, com- 
 municated to him all the degrees of the said Scotch Rite. When he received 
 the Thirty-third, and the charges appertaining, he respectfully, but firmly, de- 
 noun^ the whole, as inconsistent with, if not opposed to. Free Masonry ; 
 whereupon Brother Walker very properly withheld from him such documents 
 as, otherwise he would have been entitled to. And now he is told by the 
 Brother who claims to have written and delivered said authority, that Brother 
 Walker transcended his powers. Be this as it may, the recipient feels no sort 
 of concern, as he has never sought or desired intercourse with the Society, but 
 hp confesses that, with the imperfect knowledge of the degrees as conmiuuica- 
 ted, he did seek and desire to know more of their history, &c." 
 
 i Prom which we conclude that the authority given to Brother 
 Walker was the individual power of Gourgas, who, from the 
 mere fact of his being a Sovereign Grand Inspector General, 
 has assumed this power, probably giving other names as ofi&cers 
 than those which appear on the document of 1848. We judge 
 thus, because it is not usual, or in order, for any lawful body 
 of ihen (Masonic) to give such power to any individual mem- 
 ber, either to initiate an assemblage of men into the degrees, 
 or to confer the Thirty-third. There could not have been an 
 
SUPREME COUNCIL-U. S. A. 247 
 
 organized body at this time under the " Statutes, Institutes, ^c," 
 for if there had been, this power could never have been given, 
 unless by a special decree of the full body. It is in direct con- 
 travention of the laws. And further, we judge thus, because 
 Brother "Walker's name does not appear on the document of 
 1848, nor on any published proceedings or acts of any of their 
 bodies, not even as a member. It is very evident that he was 
 to have acted an important part in this new body. He had 
 been Grand Chaplain of the Grand Lodge of the State of New 
 York, and was, at the time referred to, the M. W. Grand Mas- 
 ter of the Grand Lodge of Illinois, an Episcopal clergyman, 
 and one who was very well known to the Masonic fraternity. 
 But he was left out to make room for others, who, perhaps, 
 were better known and more deserving. 
 
 As has been before mentioned, the first public intimation 
 that was had of such a body, was the issue of a published Cir- 
 cular, under date of June 1st, 1848, which was directed to all 
 the Grand Lodges in the United States, and duly forwarded ; 
 but from a careful examination of the published proceedings of 
 all of them, in that year and the year following, we do not find 
 that any notice whatever was taken of it, in any of these 
 bodies, with one exception. That body was the Grand Lodge 
 of Connecticut. In the published proceedings of this body, in 
 the year 1849, this document was inserted at the end of the 
 book, as a ''jly-leaf ; " no mention whatever being made of it 
 in the proceedings. This circumstance brought down the 
 " censure of the Grand Lodge " upon the Grand Secretary, for 
 allowing it to appear in the book. He pleaded ignorance in 
 mitigation, stating, that he found it among the " Documents," 
 and supposed it was proper to print it, and was not aware at 
 the time, that the Grand Lodge had voted it under the table. 
 The Document will be found in the Appendix, No. 31. 
 
 This publication would have passed without notice and have 
 been forgotten, but for the occurrence of a slight circumstance. 
 A dissatisfaction had arisen among one or two of the members 
 of St. John's Grand Lodge, relative to these degrees. They 
 sought out Gourgas in his obscurity, obtained from him the de- 
 grees, and subsequently established a Lodge of Perfection in 
 
248 -SCOTTISH EITE, ANCIENT AND AOOEPTBD. 
 
 the city of New York. They were zealous in the cause, had a 
 room very splendidly fitted up, and proceeded with the work 
 under the protection of Gourgas. This brought the new Coun- 
 cil into notice, and the members of that Lodge, smarting under 
 the slight which they felt that they had suffered, were ready at 
 all times, on their part, to fan the sparks of discord into a 
 flame. No means were left by them untried, to bring the old 
 Supreme Council, or Atwood Council, as it was then termed, 
 into contempt. It was at this stage of proceedings that the 
 Author entered into the work of attempting to build up the 
 old Council on a better foundation. He had been absent from 
 the city for the two preceding years, and during that time, the 
 union of the two Gi-and Lodges had taken place. There was 
 nothing to prevent a complete union of the members of the old 
 body, and accordingly, in the year 1851, the work was com- 
 menced in earnest. 
 
 In order that it should be properly effected, it was deemed 
 necessary to find a Grand Commander, if possible, one of the 
 old members. But most of them, together with the active 
 members, had passed away, or had removed from the city. It 
 happened that Bro. Jeremy L. Cross was then a resident. 
 Knowing that he held a Power or Patent, as Sovereign Grand 
 Inspector General, both from the Sovereign Grand Consistory 
 and from the Supreme Grand Council of Charleston, South 
 Carolina, the former bearing date 1815, and the latter 1825, 
 full and complete, the author waited upon him, and explained 
 to him the necessity of taking a stand in the matter, in order 
 to overcome the strong opposition which was then developing 
 itself against the old Council. Mr. Cross then brought forth 
 his Patent, which had lain dormant from the time of its recep- 
 tion, and stated that he had never used it, because of his at- 
 tachment to the ritual, and the principles of Ancient York 
 Masonry, as well as on account of the light opinion he had 
 entertained of the so-called '^ Ineffabk degrees." He was an old 
 man. From his young days he had been educated in that 
 system ; he had labored earnestly through the years of his 
 life to build it up, and was so firmly fixed in his opinions, 
 ttat te saw no other Masonry in the world but that par- 
 
SUPREME CO'UN€ID-U.S.' a; ' 249 
 
 tixjular form, and that all else under that name must be sub- 
 servient, and give to it, viz., the York Rite, preaedency in all 
 things. But at the same time, he manifested a willingness to 
 take the ofiBce, if it was clear that he could benefit the Order 
 of Ancient York Masonry, to which he was so much attached. . 
 
 The conditions on which Mr. Gross gave his consent to be- 
 come the Grand Commander of the Council were as follows : 
 
 First, That it should be a fundamental law of the Council, 
 that none but Royal Arch Masons should be received up to the 
 Sixteenth degree, or Prince of Jerusalem, and 
 
 Second, The remaining degrees open only to. Knights Temp- 
 lar. Although this was virtually closing thci doors of the 
 bodies under the jurisdiction of the Council, against a very 
 large number who were desirous of being initiated, yet these 
 conditions were acceded to, at least for the present time, and 
 the reorganization was commenced. Bro, Henry C. Atwood, 
 although holding authority from the old Council, and at that 
 time Grand Commander, consented to take any office that 
 would most conduce to the interest of the body, and according- 
 ly the M. W. Past Grand Master, of the Grand Lodge of Con- 
 necticut, Bro- Wm. H. Ellis, was solicited to take an office in 
 the body. He consented, and was assigned the office of 111. 
 Minister of State. The M. W. Pas,t Grand Master of the 
 Grand Lodge of New Jersey, Bro. John S. Darcy, M. D., also 
 accepted an office ; also the Rev. Salem Town, W. G. Chap- 
 lain of the Grand Lodge of New York. Also Wm. H. Jones, 
 Past Grand Secretary of the Grand Lodge of, Connecticut. 
 Brother John W. Simons and the Author, completed the 
 required number. W. Bro. Haswell, of Vermont, (Jeclined, 
 and hia name was at once erased, according to his request, 
 Bro. Cross named him as an Officer, being entirely unac- 
 quainted with his feelings, and presuming upon a long friend- 
 ship. It was thought at the time this reorganization was com- 
 pleted, that the array of influential names would give a charac- 
 ter to the body among the Fraternity, who were well acquain- 
 ted with them all, and accordingly, as soon as all was in 
 readiness, the following Edict was published, together with a 
 full notification in the daily papers : 
 
25a SCOTTISH RITE, 4.NCIENT J-NP AGCEPTEI>. 
 
 (See Appendix, Document ^2.) 
 It is proper to mention here, that to this Document were ap- 
 pended five Seals : the date of four of which were 1815, and 
 the Bose Croix Seal, the year 1795. These Seals were the 
 property of Mr. Cross ; his own Seals, bearing date at the 
 time he was received into the Supreme Council at New York, 
 and constituted a Sovereign Grand Inspector General, with 
 power to confer the degrees, which power he never made any 
 use of, as has been before stated. They were not a counter- 
 feited article, as his opponents have been pleased to assert. 
 He also received at the same time, from the hands of Mr. Cer- 
 neau and the hands of Mr. Thomas Lownds, a full set of the 
 rituals of all the degrees. This set was one of the three men- 
 tioned in the notes at the end of the Document in the Appen- 
 dix, and was in his possession at the time he was the presiding 
 officer of the Council. One other set came from the Louisiana 
 Consistory, and the third from the Supreme Council at 
 Charleston. Bro. John Barker and himself both having a 
 copy. The Rose Croix Seal dated 1795 was a copy of the 
 Seal which he had in his possession, being that of the " Triple 
 Union Rose Croix Chapter " of that date. 
 
 In the publications and Documents issued by the Supreme 
 Council since that time, these Seals have been copied, thereby 
 leading some persons astray as it regards the date of the origin 
 of the Council, viz., 1807. These remarks are made to correct 
 this error. 
 
 As might have been supposed, the announcement which 
 appeared in the daily papers, of the re-organization of the Su- 
 preme Council, and the issuing of thia Document, stirred up all 
 the ire of the opposite body, as well as the Supreme Council at 
 Charleston, and brought forth from them the replies which will 
 be found in the Appendix, Document No. 33. 
 
 The two " counterfeited " stamps, mentioned by the New 
 York body, have no allusion whatever to the Document to 
 which the name of Mr. Cross is attached— but to Docu- 
 ment 34. 
 
 Following close upon these circulars, the 111. Bro. Charles 
 \V. Moore, Editor of the Free Masons Monthly Magazine, of 
 
•SUPREME COUNOIL-U. S. A. 251 
 
 Boston, and 111. Bro. Albert G. Mackey, M. D., Editor of a 
 Masonic monthly in Charleston, opened their batteries with all 
 the virulence and bitterness of De La Motta in his palmy days. 
 Having no desire to take up spate in the history by a repro- 
 duction of any of these memorials of folly, we -will proceed. 
 
 At the re-organization in 1851, many of the old members of 
 the Council came in. In the month of June, Hon. John W. 
 Mulligan, Past Grand Commander, visited the body, and con- 
 firmed the proceedings of the same. The^ meetings now 
 became regular, and a union of the Grand Lodges having pre^ 
 viously taken place, all former causes of difference and dissen- 
 sion were removed. The correspondence with various Supreme 
 Councils was renewed, and Petitions were received for the 
 re-organization of several subordinate bodies. 
 
 In 1852, in consequence of the continued ill health of the M. 
 P. Sov. Grand Commander, Bro. Jeremy L. Cross, he was 
 obliged to tender his resignation, and shortly after, removed 
 from the city to Haverhill, New Hampshire, where he remained 
 until his death. Rev. Salem Town also had resigned his office 
 as Grand Keeper of the Seals. 
 
 In accordance with the petition of the members of " Jerusa- 
 lem Chapter, Rose Croix," that body was re-organized and 
 again commenced its labors. " Lafayette Chapter Rose 
 Croix " also re-commenced its work under the old Warrant. 
 
 Several communications were received during the year from 
 the Supreme Grand Council of Louisiana, for one of which see 
 Document 36 ; and in the month of July, The M. 111. Grand 
 Commander, James Foulhouze, presented himself from that 
 Supreme Council, with proper credentials, and was received 
 in ample form. There were various weighty reasons which, at 
 this time, called for a new organization. Mr. Cross had been 
 prostrated by disease, had resigned, and removed from the 
 city. The office of Grand Commander was vacant. Rev. 
 Salem Town had also resigned. Under the present organiza- 
 tion, the officers were so far from the city, and from each other, 
 that it was found almost an impossible thing to get a full 
 meeting of the body for the transaction of the most important 
 business. And further, the "rules" laid down by the Grand 
 
252 SCOTTISH RITE, ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED. 
 
 Commander concerning the " reception of candidates," debarred 
 any new members from coming in. 
 
 As III. Bro. Foulhouze was then present, and the members 
 being desirous that the list of officers should be full, the fol- 
 lowing brethren were then installed by Bro. Foulhouze, in his 
 official capacity : 
 
 The Most Illustrioas Brothers, 
 
 Henry C. Atwood, M. P. Sov. Grand Comman(kr, 
 BuQENE Vatet, " " Deputy '• " 
 
 Dbzelius, lieut. " " 
 
 F. EouLLTEK, Grand Keeper of the Seals, 
 
 Dated Cochrane, " Master of Ceremonies, 
 
 Wnj-iAM Work, " Standard Bearer, 
 
 Edward Unkakt, 111. Gi^nd Treasurer, 
 
 EoBERT B. PoLGER, " Secretary General. 
 
 Charles G. Waterbuet, Gr.-. Captain of the (iuarda. 
 A Treaty of Union was entered into between the two Coun 
 eils, and the III. Bro. Foulhouze sailed for France during the 
 latter part of that month, (July,) bearing with him the united 
 application of both Supreme Councils, to the Grand Orient af 
 France, for recognition, and a renewal of the correspondence 
 which had ceased. 
 
 Bro. Foulhouze returned from France in the month of 
 December, and presented to the Supreme Council the Report 
 of Leblanc de Marconnay, Orator of the Chamber of Council 
 and of Appeals, also a very interesting letter from 111. Bro. 
 Marconnay to the Grand Commander, encouraging the hope, 
 that so soon as a meeting of the body should take place, the 
 probability was, that the recognition and acknowledgement 
 would be coniirmed. This hope, however, was not realized. 
 
 But for various reasons we would here recapitulate. The 
 testimony has been given concerning the establishment of the 
 Consistory iu 1807 — its uninterrupted continuance up to the 
 year 1828 — its re-establishment as the " United Supreme Coun- 
 cil " in 1832 — its continuance up to 1846, when it ceased. Also 
 the particulars concerning the "split" in 1837— the formation 
 and continuance of the Consistory there up to 1851, when the 
 reorganization took place under the full authority of Jeremy L. 
 Cross — those proceedings confirmed by Hon. John W. Mullj- 
 
SUPREME COUNCIL— U. S. A. 253 
 
 gan, Past Grand Commander of the Sovereign Grand Consis- 
 tory. "We now come, to the second confirmation, viz., the Su- 
 preme Council of New Orleans, which succeeded the United 
 Supreme Council in 1839, was acknowledged by the Grand 
 Orient of France, and in full correspondence with the same. 
 111. Bro. James FouUiouze was at that time Grand Comman- 
 der, and possessed full' plenipoteutial powers for all his acts. 
 
 The powers to which the author alludes, were given by the 
 Supreme Council of New Orleans. The Documeut appointing 
 him was signed by the members of that body, was in posses- 
 sion of the Author, by him presented to the Supreme Council 
 here. The Documeut was carefully examined, and was known 
 to be true. The Signatures and Seals were correct, and the 
 Document was in proper form. Subsequent letters from the 
 members of the Supreme Council of New Orleans, received by 
 the Author during the absence of Bro. Foulhouze, confirm the 
 authenticity of that Document. 
 
 In 1853, the Sovereign Chapter Princes of Rose Croix, un- 
 der the definitive title of " La Sincerite," chartered by the Su- 
 preme Council of New Orleans, came under the jurisdiction 
 of the Supreme Council here. On the 8th day of March, a 
 Petition was received from a number of brethren, asking 
 for a Scottish Lodge in the Symbolic degrees, under the 
 definitive title of " John, the Forerunner," the ritual to be per- 
 formed in the English language. Said Petition was acted 
 upon, and the prayer of the petitioners was granted unani- 
 mously. Also a Petition from a Constitutional number of 
 brethren, (French,) asking for a Lodge in the Symbolic de- 
 grees, under the definitive title of " La Sincerite," Ancient and 
 Accepted Rite, the ritual to be performed in the French lan- 
 guage. Said Petition was unanimously granted, and tlie 
 Lodge subsequently constituted in due form. On the 1st day 
 of April, 111. Bros. Henri Rilliet and Gustav. Coutant, having 
 been proposed as members of the Supreme Council, and ' 
 accepted, were received in due form — were constituted and 
 proclaimed as Sovereign Grand Inspectors General, Thirty- 
 third degree. 
 
 In the early part of the year, the 111. Bro. Leblanc de Mar- 
 
254 SaOT'l'ISH ETTE, ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED 
 
 connay, Orator to the Chamber of Council and of Appeals, 
 was elected an Honorary Member of this Supreme Councilr 
 and a Diploma forwarded to him, with other Documents. 
 
 On the 4th day of April, the M. P. and 111. Bro. General T, 
 C. de Mosquera, of New Granada, was received in ample form 
 by the Supreme Council, and the most friendly congratulations 
 were exchanged. In the following October, a reply was 
 received from the Grand Orient and Supreme Council of New 
 Granada, forming an alliance with the Supreme Council of 
 New York, and appointing T. 111. Bro. Henri Rilliet, Repre- 
 sentative for the Grand Orient and Supreme Council of New 
 Granada, near the Supreme Council of New York. 
 (See Document No. 37, Appendix.) 
 
 Owing to some difficulties occurring with the German Fra- 
 ternity, under the jurisdiction of the Grand Lodge of Hamburg, 
 T. 111. Bro. Edward Unkart, Treasurer General, tendered his 
 resignation to the Supreme Council, which was received and 
 acted upon. A vote of thanks was passed for services rendered, 
 and the vacancy made by his resignation was jSlled by 111. 
 Bro. Henri Rilliet, thus preserving the offices complete. 
 
 In the early part of tlie year 1854, the resignation of T. 111. 
 Bros. Eugene Vatet, Florimond RouUier and Dezelius were 
 received and accepted, after which they withdrew their mem- 
 bership from the Council. Some difficulties and dissensions 
 having arisen in '■ Lodge La Sincerite JVo. 2," the labors of that 
 Lodge were suspended, and the said Lodge subsequently with- 
 drew from the jurisdiction of the Supreme Council, and placed 
 itself under the Grand Lodge of the State of New York. With 
 the exception of the above named brethren, the Officers of the 
 Council remained the same as before. The withdrawal of 
 ' La Sincerite Lodge " was altogether owing to influences from 
 opposing brethren. 
 
 In 1855 the following Officers were elected : 
 
 The Most Illustrious Brothers, 
 
 Henry 0. Atwood, Grand Commander, 
 Edmund B. Hats, Deputy Grand Commander, 
 Daniel Sickles, Illustrious Minister of State, 
 Hopkins Thompson, Grand Keeper of the Seals, 
 
SUPREME COUNCIL- -U.S. A. 255 
 
 The Most Illustrious Brothers, 
 
 Charles W.WiLLETTS, Grand Master of Ceremonies, 
 Charles W. Atwood, " Standard Bearer, 
 Henry Eilliet, " Treasurer Ueneral, 
 
 Egbert B. Folger, " Secretary General, 
 
 David Cochrane, " Captain of the Guards. 
 
 At the first meeting in March, a Petition was received from 
 ten brethren, who purposed to take all the degrees, with the 
 view of establishing a Lodge of Perfection, a Council of Princes 
 of Jerusalem, a Sovereign Chapter of Rose Croix, a Council of 
 Kadosch, and a Consistory of Sublime Princes of the Royal 
 Secret. After a proper examination and inquiry had been 
 made, the Petition of the above mentioned brethren was acted 
 upon, and proper instructions given concerning the manner of 
 receiving the degress, before an answer could be given in full. 
 
 In the month of May following, the above brethren having 
 received the degrees, renewed their Petition for a Sublime 
 Lodge of Perfection, which was acted upon favorably, and the 
 said Lodge was duly constituted May 2d, under the distinctive 
 title of "Atlantic JVb. 1." At a subsequent meeting of the 
 Council, the Petition for the rertiaining bodies was renewed, 
 and acted upon favorably. And by the latter part of July, 
 same year, Warrants of Constitution! were issued for a Council 
 of Princes of Jerusalem, a Sovereign Chapter of Rose Croix, 
 a Council of Kadosch, and a Council of Sublime Princes of the 
 Royal Secret, all of which were duly constituted, the whole 
 being completed, by September 1st. The number of members 
 to those bodies increased with rapidity. 
 
 During this year, T. 111. Bro. Seth Driggs, S. G. I. C, and 
 Grand Commander of the Grand Consistory, Island of Trini- 
 dad, renewed his membership with the Supreme Council, and 
 deposited his former Commission with the same. — Commission 
 was renewed. Also 111. Bro. Doctor Richard S. Spofford, 
 Deputy Inspector General for the State of Massachusetts, re- 
 siiiing at Newburyport, deposited his Commission, which was 
 renewed. 
 
 Applications were also received from the States of Maine 
 and New Hampshire by parties who were desirous of establish- 
 ing a Consistory in each of those States. The number of the 
 
256- SCOTTISH RITE, ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED. 
 
 applicants being, constitutional, and their recommendations 
 unexceptionable, the application was placed in the hands of 
 III. Bro. Jeremy L. Cross, with the request that proper inquiry 
 should be made, and a report rendered to the Supreme Council 
 as early as it could be done. The state of health in which 
 Bro. Cross then was, prevented a speedy reply. The general 
 affairs of the Supreme Council during this year were in a proS' 
 perous condition. 
 
 In 1856 the OfiBcers were the same. All the bodies depen- 
 dent upon the Supreme Council continued their labors in har- 
 mony, and the prospect of a continuance of good feeling among 
 the brethren was more than usually flattering, especially as the 
 strong opposition which had hitherto disturbed the peace of 
 the brethren had ceased. 
 
 A correspondence had been commenced with the Supreme 
 Council of Belgium during the closing part of the year, which, 
 in April following, produced a very favorable reply, with the 
 acknowledgement of the body, and the appointment of a 
 Representative near the Council at Brussels, viz., T. 111. Bro. 
 Edward Fischer, Thirty-third. 
 
 (See Document No. 38, Appendix.) 
 
 During the succeeding four years, until January, 1860, there 
 is not much to record, except the usual routine business per- 
 taining to the body. 111. Bro. Henry C. Atwood removed 
 from the city to the State of Connecticut, on account of ill 
 health. His inlirmities continued to increase upon him after 
 his removal, and in the month of September, 1860, he died. 
 He was, perhaps, while living, one of the most expert workmen 
 in the " Art of Masonry " to be found, and left behind him- a 
 name, which will long be remembered with pleasure, by the 
 Fraternity at large. His perception was quick, his memory 
 retentive, his zeal and industry in acquiring Masonic knowl- 
 edge, unsurpassed. And he was always apt and ready to im- 
 part to others, all the knowledge he was himself possessed of, 
 having a faculty for this peculiar calling, which very few per- 
 sons are found to possess. Naturally headstrong and obstinate, 
 with great independence of thought, he, like all others of tliis 
 class, made many enemies ; but there were traits of kindness 
 
SUPREME COUNCII^U. S. A. 257 
 
 in his cliaracter which were strongly marked, the remembrance 
 of which, covers, as with a mantle, his errors and imperfections, 
 and call forth feelings of tenderness and regret, when we 
 realize that he has departed, to return no more. 
 
 The changes in the ofi&ces, which took place during these 
 four years, were quite few and unimportant. In 1857, Bro. 
 Robert B.Folger tendered his resignation as Secretary Gen- 
 eral, being unable to attend to the duties of the of&ce on 
 account of intended absence from the city. In 1858, Bro. 
 Daniel Sickles retired ; and in 1859, Bro. Henri Rilliet with- 
 drew on account of ill health. ' These offices were all filled at 
 once, and the work of the body continued with the usual dili- 
 gence and unanimity. On the death of 111. Bro. Atwood, who 
 was then Grand Commander, the following persons were 
 elected to fill the offices of the body : 
 
 The Most Illustrious Brothers, 
 
 Edmund B. Hats, M. P. Sov. Grand Commander, 
 Hopkins Thompson, " " Lieut. " " 
 
 Geokge L. Osborn, m. Secretary General of the H. E., 
 BoBBRT E. Roberts, " Treasurer " " " 
 
 Charles W. Atwood, " Grand Keeper of the Seals and Archives, 
 Ohablbs W. Willbtts, " Minister of State, and Grand Orator, 
 William Work, " Grand Standard Bearer, 
 
 "Wm. H. Jakvis, " " Captain of the Guards. 
 
 During the year 1858, a considerable number of brethren 
 residing in Connecticut, who had received the degrees from 
 the Supreme Council of New York, were anxious to establish 
 a Supreme Council for that State ; and having made arrange- 
 ments for that purpose, forwarded their request to the body in 
 New York. They were accordingly constituted as follows : 
 
 The Most Illustrious Brothers, 
 
 Edward W. Atwood, M. P. Sov. Grand Commander, 
 William R. Higbt, Illustrious Lieut. " " 
 
 Marcus 0. Allen, " Secretary Gen'l of the H. B., 
 
 David W. Thompson, " Treasurer " " " 
 
 John W. Clark, " Min. of State, and Grand Orator, 
 
 Chaklbs Webb, Grand Keeper of the Seals and Archives, 
 
 Thomas Hutchings, " Master of Ceremonies, 
 
 Ward S. Beebe, " Standard Bearer, 
 
 Eli Thompson, " Captain of the Guards. 
 
258 SCOITISH RITE, ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED. 
 
 This Supreme Council has under its jurisdiction, a Grand 
 Consistory of Sublime Princes of the Royal Secret, Thirty- 
 second degree ; a Council of Kadosch, Thirtieth degree ; a 
 Sovereign Chapter of Princes of Rose Croix, Eighteenth de- 
 gree ; a Council of Princes of Jerusalem, Sixteenth degree ^ 
 and a Lodge of Perfection, Fourteenth degree ; all of which 
 are in a flourishing condition. The Grand East of this Su- 
 preme Council is at Bridgeport, Connecticut. 
 
 In 1860, several Illustrious Brethren, members of the Su 
 preme Council here, who had, in past years, emigrated to Cal- 
 ifornia, organized themselves as a body, and made application 
 to be constituted a Supreme Grand Council for the State of 
 California, to hold an East in the city of San Francisco. In 
 accordance with their application, they were constituted a* 
 follows : 
 
 The Most lUnstrions Brothers, 
 
 James C. L. Wabsworth, M. P. Sov. Grrand Commander, 
 Leander Ransom, Illustrious lieut. " " 
 
 J. Frank Miller, " Secretary General of the H. E., 
 John W. Tucker, " Treasurer " " " 
 
 William Norbis, " Minister of State, and Grand Orator,. 
 Hiram W. Leonard, " Grand Keeper of the Seals, 
 Clement PERonsoN, " Master of Ceremonies, 
 George P. Hooper, " Grand Standard Bearer. 
 
 The Grand East of the Supreme Grand Council for the 
 State of California is held in the city of San Francisco, and 
 the Order is in a very flourishing condition there. Many new- 
 members have been added, and other bodies constituted by it,^ 
 since its organization. 
 
 On the 23d of January, 1862, nineteen Illustrious Brethren, 
 residing in New Jersey, having received their degrees from the 
 Supreme Council of Xew York, and having made application 
 to be constituted into a Consistory for the State of New Jer- 
 sey, were so constituted by the Supreme Grand Council of 
 New York ; 111. Bro. Edmund B. Hays, Sovereign Grand 
 Commander, and are now proceeding with the regular and 
 constitutional work of the body. Its location is at Trenton^ 
 
SUPREME COUNCIL— U. S. A. 259 
 
 New Jersey. The Most 111. Bro. John Sheville is appointed 
 Deputy Inspector General for that State. 
 
 The following is a list of the Of&cers installed : 
 
 Thomas J. Oakson, M. D., G. S. W. of the G. L., G. H. Priest of the 
 Grand Chapter, and Grand Commander of tha 
 Grand Oommandery of New Jersey, 
 
 Cbrmmander in Chief, 
 George B. Edwards, Deputy Commander in Chief, 
 
 Joseph H. Hough, Grand Secretary of the Grand Lodge, 
 
 1st Lieut .-. Commander, 
 "Wm. T, Woodruff, 2d " " 
 
 Wm. E. Stagq, Grand Minister of State 
 
 Reuben S. Van Tassell, " Chancellor, 
 
 John Woolverton, M. D., Gr. Sec'y of the Grand Chapter 
 
 Grand Secretary, 
 S. R. Tbrbill, " Treasurer, 
 
 Wm. R. Clapp, " Keeper of the Seals, 
 
 Wm. Armstrong, " Engineer, 
 
 W. G. Nicholson, " Hospitaller, 
 
 James E. Emerson, " Master of Ceremonies, 
 
 Charles Beohtel, " Cap .■. of the Guards, 
 
 John P. Nelson, " Standard Bearer, 
 
 A.P.Howell, " Sentinel. 
 
 111. Bros. David Naar and Thomas W. Satterthwaite, both 
 members of the United Supreme Council for the Western Hem- 
 isphere in 1832, and signers of the ratification of the Treaty 
 in 1836, were present at the installation, and took an active 
 part in the proceedings. 
 
 On the 3d day of May, 1862, in compliance with the petition 
 of a constitutional number of Illustrious Brothers, who had 
 previously received their degrees from the Sovereign Grand 
 Consistory, New York city, the Officers of the Supreme Grand 
 Council for the United States of America, their Territories 
 and Dependencies, proceeded to Boston, Massachusetts, for the 
 purpose of constituting a Grand Consistory, Thirty-second de- 
 gree, for that State, and , installing the Officers of the same. 
 The ceremonies were of the most interesting character. 
 
 The following is a list of the Officers installed : 
 
260 SCOTTISH RITE, ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED. 
 
 Illustrious Brothers, 
 
 Gilbert J. Noursb, Cambridge, P. M., P. H. Priest, P. G. G. of the 
 Grand Bnc't of Mass. and Rhode Island, &c., 
 Chrand Commander in Chief. 
 
 John K. Hall, Somerville, P. M., H. Priest, Dist. Dep'y G. Master, &c., 
 
 Deputy Grand Commander. 
 
 RiOHABD M. Barker, Boston, P. M., 1st Lieut. Cfrand Commander. 
 Wm. P. Knowles, Cambridgeport, P. M., President of Council of Royal 
 and Select Masons, &c., 
 
 2d Lieut. Grand Commander. 
 Richard S. Spoffokd, Jr., Newburyport, P. M., 
 
 El .: Min .: of State, and (?.-. 0.: 
 
 Nicholas Hathaway, Dorchester, P. M., 
 
 Grand Chancellor. 
 Elihu C. Baker, Medford, P. M., Ex President of the Senate, Mass., 
 
 Crrand Secretary. 
 AiiBiON K. P. Welch, Cambridge, P. M., 
 
 Grand Treasurer. 
 Robert Lewis Davis, Watertown, P. M., 
 
 Grand Engineer and Introductor. 
 "Weare D. Biokford, Brighton, P. M., Grand Hospitaller. 
 Jambs R. Gardner, Boston, P. M., G. P. S. of Grand Chapter, Mass., 
 
 Grand Master of Ceremonies. 
 James R. Bugbee, Somerville, P. M., Grand Captain of the Guards. 
 Daniel W. Lawrence, Medford, P. M., Grand Sentinel. 
 
 MEMBERS. 
 Benjamin P. Nourse, P. M., Grand Lecturer for Mass., 
 John D. Jennings, P. M., 
 L. MuDQE, P. M., and "W". P. Butterfibld, P. M. 
 
 For list of Officers, Active and Honorary Members of the 
 Supreme Grand Council for the United States of America, see 
 Document 41. 
 
 We shall now give a few particulars of the Gourgas Coun- 
 cil, established in 1848, in the city of New York, styling itself 
 the " Supreme Grand Council for the Northern Jurisdiction." 
 
 We have before stated that Mr. Gourgas was Secretary 
 General of the Supreme Council started by De La Motta in 
 1813, which body became extinct in the year 1818, unless it is 
 
SUPREME COUNCIL-U. S. A. 261 
 
 conceded, that according to the version of the Constitutions of 
 Frederick, " a Supreme Council once founded can never cease its 
 existence, so long as one of the Inspectors remains alive." Upon 
 this doctrine they base all their regularity and powers. Upon 
 this ground Mr. Gourgas stands, and has remained, up to the 
 present day. Hence all the wild and silly pretensions he has 
 made during the time that he stood alone, from the year 1818 
 up to the time of the formation of his new body in the year 
 1847 or 1848, such as carrying on a correspondence with 
 foreign bodies, conferring degrees, establishing Councils, 
 issuing powers, &c., and hence much of the trouble and con- 
 troversy under which the Fraternity have suffered for long 
 years. And although, as a general thing, both at home and 
 abroad, they consider the doctrine and the story of Frederick 
 and his Constitutions, a forgery and a fraud, or to use the 
 words of Kloss, " the big lie of the Order," yet that body have 
 it stereotyped, and it makes its appearance regularly in all 
 their published transactions, speeches, &c., up to the very last. 
 
 If this doctrine be correct, what position would the Cerneau 
 body occupy by the side of the Gourgas body ? Mr. Cerneau 
 founded and established the Sovereign Grand Consistory and 
 Supreme Council in 1807, which is more than six years ante- 
 rior to the date of their formation, and from the hour of its 
 first foundation up to the year 1862, there has never been a 
 period of time in which there were not more than a dozen 
 regular Inspectors living, who were in good standing in every 
 particular. The question of regularity on this basis could be 
 decided without a single moment's hesitation. But it happens 
 that this very doctrine forms the distinguishing feature be- 
 tween the two bodies, to wit., that the Cerneau body, from its 
 very foundation, discarded it altogether, and declared itself to 
 be governed by the Statutes and General Laws and Regula- 
 tions of the Masonic Order. 
 
 We hear nothing of Mr. Gourgas and " his Council " during 
 all this period, viz., from 1818 until 1848, except that he had 
 established a Supreme Council in England, corresponded with 
 foreign bodies, and conferred the several degrees upon numer- 
 ous persons. In 1848 his Edict is issued, by which it appears 
 
262 SCOTTISH BITE, ANCIENT AXD ACCEPTED. 
 
 that he has elevated to the Thirty-third degree several persons, 
 and constituted them into a Supreme Council. The Edict may 
 be found in the Appendix, Document 31. Its object is to define 
 the position of the body by declaring the boundaries of its jurisdic- 
 tion and the degrees which it assumes to control. It does not 
 " renounce," but merely " waives " its right to control the first 
 three degrees, " to take it up again whenever circumstances may 
 require." This doctrine is still advocated by both the Gourgas 
 and the Charleston bodies. The officers appear in the Docu- 
 ment as follows : 
 
 J. J. J. Gourgas, M. P. Sov. Grand Commander, 33d, ad vitam, 
 
 Giles Fonda Tates,M. HI. Insp. Lieut. ■' " " 
 
 Edwakd a. Raymond, Illustrious Treasurer General of the H. E., 
 Kjluan H. Yan Rbnsselaee, " Master of Ceremonies, 
 John Christie, " Captain of the Life Guards, 
 
 Charles "\V. Mookb, " Secretary General of the H. E., 
 
 Archibald Bull, Sov. Grand Inspector General, 33d. 
 
 This body continued its seat in New York city until the 
 year 1851, dui-ing which period but little was effected in the 
 way of building itself up. The Edicts issued by the body ap- 
 pear in the Appendix, Document 33, with accompanying one' 
 from the Charleston body, both denying the authenticity of the 
 Patent of 111 .". Bro .-. Jeremy L. Cross. These Edicts, as we 
 have before stated, were followed by very severe and uncalled 
 for remarks in the Boston Masonic Monthly, edited by 111 .-. 
 Bro .•. Charles W. Moore ; and by the Charleston Monthly, 
 edited by 111.-. Bro.-. Albert G. Mackey. A copy of the Patent, 
 word for word, is therefore given in the Appendix, Document 
 No. 35, attested by C. C. Sebring, Sov.-. Gr .-. Ins .". Gen.*., 
 Thirty-third, a member of the Charleston Council at the time 
 it was given, and a signer of the same. It was attested in 
 1851. At that time most of the signers had passed awav. 
 Moses Holbrook died in 1845 ; Frederick Dalcho in 1837 ; 
 Horatio G. Street in 1849 ; and M. Levy is reported as 
 " deceased, but no date of his death." Alexander McDonald, if 
 alive, was residing in England ; and Joseph McCosh was sup- 
 posed to be then residing in the Western part of the State of 
 South Carolina ; James Moultrie, M. D., was then living in 
 
SUPREME COUNCIL_U. S. A. 263 
 
 Oharleston, South Carolina. These were the signers of the 
 Patent. The exhibition of the Patent itself, together with the 
 attestation of III .". Bro .". Sebring ought to be satisfactory. 
 Bro. Cross is now dead, but the Document can be seen and 
 examined at any time required. Its authenticity was never 
 called in question by any other parties. 
 
 Besides the above mentioned Edicts, there was issued pre- 
 viously one other circular from the Sovereign Grand Consis- 
 tory and Supreme Council under Henry C. Atwood, to which 
 the Edict of the Gourgas body alludes. See Appendix, Docu- 
 ment Xo. 35. 
 
 In the year 1851, HI .•. Bro .". Gourgas resigned his post as 
 Orand Commander, and the seat of the Supreme Council was 
 removed to the city of Boston, Massachusetts. There was no 
 ofi&cial reason given at the time, why its location rt-as changed. 
 At the stated meeting of the body in September of that year, 
 an address from HI .". Bro .". J. J. J. Gourgas was read, in 
 which he formally tendered his resignation into the hands of 
 111 .•. Bro .*. Giles Fonda Yates. A short examination of its 
 contents will be found in Document No. 40, to which the 
 reader is referred. 
 
 After the reading of this letter, 111 .•. Bro .•. Giles Fonda 
 Yates followed with an address, in which he took occasion to 
 repeat the story of Frederick of Prussia with all its connec- 
 tions. He also made the statement, " that the principal de- 
 grees of the rite appeared in an organized form in Prussia, 
 France and Scotland in 1713, and that English brethren were 
 working in ' Lodges of Harodim ' in Paris in 1725.' Such 
 statements as these, coming from a person who has hitherto 
 been reputed as well informed upon Masonic subjects, would 
 lead one to the inference that whoever had adopted such an 
 opinion had been greatly mistaken. Those errors, with others 
 contained in the addrtss, are so gross as to need no comment. 
 A portion of the address is reviewed at the end of this chap- 
 ter. It was closed by his resigning the office of Sovereign 
 Grand Commander into the hands of 111.*. Bro .". Edward A. 
 Ravmond. The list then stood : 
 
264 SCOTTISH BITE, ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED. 
 
 Edward A. Raymond, of Boston, M. P. Sot. Gr. Commander, ad vitam, 
 
 RoBEKT P. Dottlap, " BruDswick, Me., M. 111. Lieut. Gr. Com., 
 
 SmoN W. Robinson, " Lexington, Mass., " Gr. Tr. Gen. of the H. E. 
 
 Chablbs W. MooBE, "Boston, " Gr. Sec. Gen. of the H. E. 
 
 Giles P. Tates, " Schenectady, N. T., " Grand Chancellor, H. K 
 
 Aechibald Bull, " Troy, Xew York, " Sov. Gr. Insp. Gen. " 
 
 Joseph K. Stapleton, " Baltimore, Md., " " " " " " 
 
 Nathan B. Haswell, " Burlington, Yt., " 1st Hi. Gr. Cap., L. G., 
 
 Asnn B. Toung, " Boston, Mass., " 2d " " " " 
 
 There had not yet been formed a Consistory in any of the 
 States of its jurisdiction. It appears by the published pro- 
 ceedings that there were several applications for such bodies 
 then before them, and it was announced that Yal .'. Bros .'. 
 John D. Moriarty, Charles S. Westcott, and Wade B. Wor- 
 rall, accredited officers of the Sublime Grand Lodge of Per- 
 fection, and Grand Council of Princes of Jerusalem, established 
 in New York city, under the auspices of J. J. J. Gourgas, late 
 Sovereign Grand Commander, had arrived for the purpose of 
 receiving the Superior degrees. They were accordingly ex- 
 alted to the Thirty-second degree. Rev. Bro. Geo. M. Ran- 
 dall, Deputy Grand Master of Massachusetts, and M. W. Wil- 
 liam Field, Grand Master of Rhode Island, were also exalted 
 to the same dignity. 
 
 Applications were received from Val .•. Bros .". Jarvis M. 
 Hatch, Wm. E. Lathrop and John L. Lewis, Jr., and their 
 associates, asking for the establishment of a Lodge of Perfec- 
 tion and Grand Council of Princes of Jerusalem in Western 
 New York ; and from Achille J. Rousseau, Richard Bloss, 
 Amos K. Hadley, John S. Perry and their associates, for the 
 same bodies in Eastern New York, which were acted upon 
 favorably. 
 
 The organization of the Sovereign Grand Consistory was 
 then completed ; whereupon the M. W. Rev. Paul Bean, P. G. 
 M. of Massachusetts, &c., Benjamin B. French, G. M. of G. L. 
 of the District of Columbia, Philip C. Tucker, G. M. of the G. 
 L. of Vermont, and Wm. H. Milnor, P. G. M. of the G. L. of 
 New York, were proposed and elected in due form to receive 
 the high degrees. 
 
 The Rev. Bro. Albert Case, Thirty-third, hailing from the 
 
SUPREME COUNCIL— U. S. A. 265 
 
 Southern jurisdiction of the United States, but then a resident 
 of Massachusetts, was recognized by affiliation. 
 
 This may fairly be considered as the commencement of the 
 organization, and from this period the work of the body pro- 
 gressed harmoniously. Through the succeeding years up to 
 1860, the strife between the rival bodies had ceased, and by 
 this period the Supreme Council for the Northern Jurisdiction 
 had organized a Sovereign Grand Consistory in the city of 
 Boston as its appendant body, had constituted Grand Consis- 
 tories in the States of Ohio, New York, Rhode Island, Mass. 
 Pennsylvania, Illinois ; in all of which States there were Chap- 
 ters of Rose Croix, Councils of Princes of Jerusalem, and 
 Lodges of Perfection. The whole number of bodies under their 
 jurisdiction in 1861 was between thirty and forty, and their 
 location was as follows, Boston and Lowell, in Mass.; Portland, 
 Maine ; Portsmouth, New Hampshire ; Newport, Rhode Island ; 
 Stonington and New Haven, Connecticut ; New York, Phila- 
 delphia and Pittsburg, Pennsylvania ; Cambridge and Cincin- 
 nati, Ohio ; and Chicago, Illinois. During the latter part of the 
 time mentioned, the interest in the Order seems to have ceased, 
 as the returns published, indicate but very little work done in 
 the way of initiations. Still all the bodies continued their or- 
 ganizations, and made their regular returns. 
 
 The list of officers seems to have continued the same as in 
 1851, with a few exceptions. The names of Giles Fonda Yates, 
 Archibald Bull, Joseph H. Stapleton, and Nathan B. Has well, 
 were withdrawn, and in their places appear the names of the 
 Rev. Albert Case, Wm. B. Hubbard, Charles Gilman and C. 
 R. Starkweather. This was in 1859 — Giles Fonda Yates was 
 then Deputy for the State of New York, John Christie for New 
 Hampshire, and Killian H. Van Rensselear for Ohio. They 
 notice the names of the following Sovereign Grand Inspectors 
 General, residing within the jurisdiction, viz. : 
 Rev. Paul Dean, Framingham, Mass. 
 
 John J. J. Gourgas, New York, N. Y. 
 Hon. Archibald Bull, Troy, " 
 
 Francis Turner, New Haven, Conn. 
 Andres Cassard, New York City. 
 
266 SCOTTISH RITE, ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED. 
 
 This state of Harmony continued in the body through all 
 this period, up to Aug. 24th 1860, the officers remaining as be- 
 fore. Judging from the published proceedings of the bodies, 
 all was quiet within. But there appears to have been serious 
 dissatisfaction somewhere, and it culminated on the date above 
 mentioned. The Sovereign Grand Commander, 111 .*. Brc. 
 Raymond, abruptly closed the Council in the midst of its pro- 
 ceedings, sine die — without any apparent cause. Whereupon 
 the 111 .". Gr .*. Commander retired. The brethren, officers of 
 the Supreme Council, who remained, after having taken advice 
 from 111 .". Bro .*. Gourgas, met the next morning at 9 o'clock, 
 and declaring that the Sov .*. G.'. Commander had acted in 
 an unconstitutional manner, placed the 111 .-. Deputy Van Rens- 
 selaer in the chair, who declared the Council open, for the 
 dispatch of business. An Election then took place for the pur- 
 pose of filling the vacancies in the Supreme Council, and the 
 following Inspectors were unanimously elected, viz. : 
 
 HI.-. KnxiAN Van Rensselaer, P.-. Lient.-. Gr.-. Commander, 
 
 " C. R. Starkweather, Grand Minister of State, 
 
 " John Chbistie, " Master of Ceremonies, 
 
 " Archibald Bull, " Marshall, 
 
 " Wm. B. Hubbard, " Standard Bearer. 
 
 The Council also made the following appointments : 
 
 HI.-. C. R. Starkweather of Chicago, 111 .. Deputy for Illinois, In- 
 diana and Wisconsin. 
 
 111.. C. T. Carson, of Cincinnati, Ohio, Deputy for Ohio, Pennsyl- 
 vania and Michigan. 
 
 And as there was a disagreement in the body before, con- 
 cerning the Rev. Albert Case and Peter Lawson, it was resol- 
 ved, that the Rev. Albert Case was a member of the Supreme 
 Council, in good standing, and the lawful Assistant Grand 
 Secretary General of that body, and that Peter Lawson having 
 been illegally and unconstitutionally elevated to the grade of 
 Sovereign Grand Inspector General, it is hereby declared that 
 this Council do not recognize him in that capacity. They also 
 expelled the 111 .-. Bro .•. Andres Cassard of New York, and for- 
 mally requested 111 .*. Bro .•. Edward A. Raymond Sovereign 
 Grand Commander to resign, on account of his advanced age. 
 
SUPEEMB COUNCIL— U. S. A. 267 
 
 physical infirmities, his extreme opinions, assumption of pow- 
 ers, arbitrary exercise of authority, &,c., &c. 
 
 The following brethren were proposed for the Thirty-third 
 degree, viz., M. W. Winslow Lewis, M. D. G. M. of the Grand 
 Lodge, Wm. Parkman of Boston and Wm. S. Gardner, of 
 Lowell. 
 
 At the Annual Communication in May 1861, the number of 
 active members who composed the Supreme Council, was in- 
 creased to thirty-three — including therein, the existing mem- 
 bers — and the following members were elevated to the Thirty- 
 third degree, viz. Winslow Lewis, M. D. ; "William Parkman, 
 William S. Gardner, A. B. Thompson, H. A. Johnson, N. H. 
 Gould, A. E. Stocker, M. D. ; George W. Deering. 
 
 And thefoUowing Deputies were appointed, viz. : 
 
 111 .*. A.-E. Stocker, M. D., for Pennsylvania, 
 " Gen'l A. B. Thompson, " Maine, 
 " N. H. Gould, " Rhode Island, 
 
 " W. S. Gardner, " Massachusetts. 
 
 A series of charges were preferred against 111. Bro. Edward 
 A. Raymond, Grand Commander, and Protests entered against 
 the legality of the act perpetrated by the Sovereign Grand 
 Commander, in conferring the Thirty-third degree upon Wm. 
 Field of Rhode Island. At the meeting of May 20th 1861, 
 111. Bro. Edward A. Raymond was deposed from the office of 
 Sovereign Grand Commander. The Supreme Council then 
 proceeded by election to fill the office, and the 111. Wm. B. 
 Hubbard of Columbus, Ohio, was declared unanimously elect- 
 ed. Also a Treasurer General of the H. E., which office was 
 declared vacant. Ill .'. Wm. Parkman, was unanimously elect- 
 ed in the place of 111 .". Simon Robinson the former Treasurer 
 General. Ill .'. Charles W. Moore Grand Secretary General 
 tendered his resignation, and 111 .". Winslow Lewis, M. D., was 
 unanimously elected to that office, and 111. Bro. Moore accept- 
 ed the office of Grand Standard bearer, having acted as Secre- 
 tary General from the time of the organization of the body. 
 
 At the Annual Communication in May 1862, the following 
 brethren were exalted to the Thirty-third degree. 
 
268 SCOTTISH KITE, ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED. 
 
 Maine. 
 
 Hon. JosiAH H. Drummond, 
 
 
 " Wm. p. Feeble, 
 
 - 
 
 Edward P. Burnham, 
 
 - 
 
 Hon. Newell A. Thompson, 
 Maj. Gen. Wm. StrxToN, 
 John McClellan, 
 N. B. Shurtlepp, M. D., 
 Charles A. Davis, M. D. 
 Hon. Benjamin Dean, 
 
 Fitzgerald Tisdall, 
 Joseph D. Evans, 
 
 Mass. 
 
 New York. 
 
 Rev. D. B. Tract, Michigan. 
 
 RoBT. H. Foss, Illinois. 
 
 It should be stated that 111 .". Andres Cassard was restored 
 at this Communication, to all his former rights and privileges. 
 
 Ill .•. Bro .". Killian H. Van Rensselaer, was elected Sove- 
 reign Grand Commander in the place of 111. Bro. Edward A. 
 Raymond, expelled. 
 
 Ill .•. Bro .•. Josiah H. Drummond, was elected P. Lieut. 
 Grand Commander. 
 
 Ill .•. Bro .•. Benjamin Dean, of Mass. Grand Captain of the 
 Guards. 
 
 Wm. Field, Peter Lawson, George M. Randall, Charles S. 
 Westcott, and John A. Foster, were visited with the " extreme 
 -penalty " of the Grand Consistory, see Document No. 43. 
 
 After having filled all the vacancies which had occurred in 
 the body, the proceedings appear to have been harmonious to 
 the end. A Committee was appointed for the purpose of pro- 
 moting the unity of the A. and A. Rite in the Northern juris- 
 diction ; after which this Supreme Council brought its labors 
 to a close. 
 
 For a List of OfBcers, Active Members, &c., &c., See Document No. 44. 
 
 On the withdrawal of the 111. Bro. Edward A. Raymond, 
 Sovereign Grand Commander, from the Supreme Grand Coun- 
 
SUPREME COUNCIL— U. S. A. 269 
 
 cil, the same closed sine die ; it will be remembered that the 
 111. BB. who remained, proceeded with the work of the body as 
 before. Whereupon 111. Bro. Raymond, assuming that he had 
 full power centering in himself, according to the Constitution 
 of .1786, at once filled the ofi&ces of the Council which he 
 considered had been vacated by this movement. The most, if 
 not all the brethren with whom he made up the Council, 
 appear to have been members of that body at the time, at least 
 so far as the Sovereign Grand Consistory was concerned, and 
 those of them who were only possessed of the Thirty-second 
 degree he exalted to the Thirty-third. 
 
 They assembled in Annual Session May 21st, 1861, and the 
 proceedings published, give the following names as present 
 at the opening of the body : 
 
 M.'. P.'. Edward A. Eaymond, Sov.-. Grr.-. Commander, 
 
 P.-. Simon W. Eobinson, Lieut.-. Gr.-. Commander and Gr. Treas. Glen. 
 
 111.-. Peter Lawsom, Grand Master of Ceremonies, 
 
 '■ William Field, " Cap.-, of Life Guards, 
 
 " Kev. Geo. M. Bandall,. " Minister of State, 
 
 " Lucius R. Paige, " Marshall. 
 
 The ofi&ce of the Grand Secretary General was declared 
 vacant, and the Sovereign Grand Commander nominated and 
 appointed 111. Lucius R. Paige, and duly installed him into 
 ofiice. He also removed Killian H. Van Rensselaer from the 
 ofiice of Deputy Inspector General for any portion of the 
 Northern Jurisdiction, and appointed III. Peter Lawsou as 
 Assistant Grand Secretary of the body. 
 
 A document appears to have been issued by the Sovereign 
 Grand Commander, December 20th, 1860, entitled " Oedee 
 No. 2," which declares " that all documents purporting to 
 come from any other source than that emanating from 
 Edward A. Raymond as Grand Commander, are spurious, 
 void, and of no effect ; that the Sovereign Grand Commander 
 re-calls and revokes the exequator of K. H. Yau Ransselaer 
 as Deputy, and gives notice that all dues and revenues must 
 be paid to the 111. Treasurer General, Simon W. Robinson, 
 of Lexington, Mass., who is the only person authorized to 
 receive them. 
 
270 SCOTTISH RITE, ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED. 
 
 A letter of " Caution " was also issued by the body, warning 
 all loyal brethren not to visit any Lodge, Council, Chapter, or 
 Consistory, within the jurisdiction, nor to hold Masonic inter- 
 course with any BB .'.of the Ancient and Accepted rite, who do 
 not acknowledge and yield obedience to this Supreme Grand 
 Council. 
 
 After organizing a Sovereign Grand Consistory, the M. P. 
 Sovereign Grand Commander delivered an address before the 
 body containing in full, his views of the proceedings which led 
 to the disturbance and separation, a brief outline of which we 
 shall attempt to give. 
 
 He states, after noticing in an appropriate manner the death 
 of 111. and Eev. Bro. Paul Dean, that in accordance with the 
 unanimous vote of the Council, at an Annual Meeting, the 111. 
 BB.'. Wm. Field, of Providence, R. I. ; the Hon. Peter Lawson, 
 of Lowell, Mass. ; Lucius R, Paige, of Cambridge, and Rev. 
 Geo. M. Randall, of Boston, Mass., have been unanmiously 
 admitted to the Thirty-third degree, and that those four 
 brethren have been duly appointed to ofiBces in the Council, 
 have been regularly installed in their several stations, and 
 are now active members of the body. And that there are two 
 vacancies yet to be filled. 
 
 After alluding to the disorderly proceedings, he claims that 
 the Supreme Council, since its location in Boston, has had no 
 regular book of proceedings kept, and that the Grand Secre- 
 tary General, for the last two years past, has withheld from 
 him all official documents addressed to the body, or to himself 
 as Secretary General, which has involved him in a seeming 
 neglect of duty. Also the proceedings published after his 
 closing the Council, which were clandestinely circulated in 
 distant parts of the jurisdiction for weeks and months before 
 they were circulated in Boston ; and, finally, that on the 20th 
 December, several months after publication, he received a copy 
 forwarded to him from a brother in a Western State. 
 
 He complains of the statements therein contained as unfair, 
 and calculated to mislead ; and that the meetings of the body 
 after he had closed it, were altogether in open violation of 
 the Constitution — a foul conspiracy, and productive of evil 
 
SUPREME COUNCIL— U. S. A. 271 
 
 results. He attempts to enter into particulars by stating 
 that, 
 
 " Previous to the Annual Meeting in 1860, the 111. Brc, R. 
 P. Dunlap, died. That his body was hardly cold in the grave 
 ere he received an application from K. H. Van Rensselaer 
 soliciting the appointment of Lieut. Grand Commander in the 
 place of 111. Bro. Dunlap. The indecent haste of the applica- 
 tion disgusted him and he refused. This refusal mortified and 
 chagrined Van Rensselaer, he sought to overthrow the Council 
 and erect another upon its ruins." 
 
 At the Annual Meeting in May, the plot developed itself, 
 but the business of the Annual Session having been finished, 
 the Council was closed without further embarrassment. The 
 following August a Special Meeting was called. Charges 
 preferred against 111. Bro. Andres Cassard, were fully sus- 
 tained, and he was expelled. The day following, an attempt 
 was made by Van Rensselaer to re-instate him by " simple 
 resolution." The Sovereign Grand Commander refused to 
 entertain the motion. A communication from Cassard was 
 then presented by the Secretary General. The Sovereign 
 Grand Commander would not allow it to be read. The 
 business being finished, the Commander declared the Council 
 closed until the next morning at 10 o'clock. Van Rensselaer 
 (then not a member), openly announced that there would be a 
 meeting of the body at 4 o'clock in the afternoon. This meet- 
 ing was held. The next morning the Council met at 10 o'clock 
 as adjourned ; and after finishing the business, the Commander 
 closed the Council sine die, stating that there were strong and 
 unmistakeable evidences of insubordination, &c. Again, Van 
 Rensselaer gave notice that a meeting would be held in the 
 afternoon of the same day, and requested his friends to be 
 present. 
 
 They met, as per appointment, for several days, during 
 which time they organized a Supreme Council, sent out their 
 circulars, &c. 
 
 111. Bro. Raymond, attempts to justify his proceedings by the 
 Constitutions of 1786, and declares that the Commander is 
 Sovereign and Supreme ; that he does not receive his office by 
 
272 SCOTTISH RITE, ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED. 
 
 electim, but is placed there by Ms predecessor, -without a vote 
 or confirmation, by virtue of his legitimate position. He is 
 Commander, ad vitam. Here follows a review of the Constitu- 
 tion of Frederick — a relation of the manner in which the body 
 deposed and expelled him — the manner of constituting the 
 Supreme Council — and closing by issuing a letter of caution, 
 warning all brethren, &c. 
 
 The proceedings are closed with a list of the ofiScers of the 
 body as follows : 
 
 M. P. Edward A. Ratmond, Boston, (P.G.M.), Sov. Gr. Com. ad vitam, 
 P. Simon W. Robinson, Lexington, (P.G.M.), Lieut. Gr. Commander, 
 111. Peter Lawson, Lowell, (P.D.D.G.M.), Gr. Treas. Gen. H. B. 
 " LuoiDs R. Paige, Cambridgep't, (P.D.G.M.), Gr. Sec. Gen. H. E. 
 " Geo. M. Randall, D.D., BostoN, (P.G.M.), Gr. Min. of State, 
 " Chas. T. McClenachan, New York, Gr. Mas. of Ceremonies, 
 " "Wm. Field, Providence, R. I., (P. G. M.), Gr. Cap. of Life Guards, 
 " Wm. B. Hubbard, Columbus, Ohio, (P. G.M.), Sov. Gr. Ins. Gen. 33d 
 " J. J. J. GouKGAS, N. Y., (P. Sov. Gr. Com.), emeritus, S. G. I. G. 
 111. Aaeon p. Hughes, Nashua, N. H., (G.M.), S. G. I. G., 33d degree, 
 " Deputy for New Hampsliire, 
 
 " Chas. S. Westcott, New York, " " New York, 
 
 " John A. Poster, " " " New Jersey, 
 
 " B. T. Carson, Cincinnati, Ohio, Sov. Gr, Ins. Gen., 33d degree 
 
 And in the month of January, 1862, the Council issued 
 an Edict of Expulsion, declaring Charles W. Moore and 
 Killian H. Van Rensselaer to be no longer members of the 
 Supreme Council or of the rite, and prohibiting all loyal 
 Scottish Masons from holding Masonic intercourse with the 
 parties. See Doc. No. 42 and 43. The Edicts of both Coun- 
 cils, each expelling the members of the other, are placed side 
 
 by side. 
 
 " Behold how good and how pleasant it is, Ac." 
 
 It is believed that this is a plain statement of the facts given, 
 which led to the disorderly proceedings and the separation, 
 from which the reader can form his own conclusions. As both 
 the Van Rensselaer and the Raymond bodies profess to be 
 loyal to, and to be governed by, the Constitutions of 1786, 
 they will be obliged to settle the difiSculty between themselves, 
 as other bodies professing the same rite, and acknowledged 
 
SUPBEMB COUNCIL— U. S. A. 273 
 
 from tlie very commencemeat as regular, have long since 
 discarded all such, instruments as unworthy of notice, and are, 
 therefore, disqualified from giving a judgement in the premises. 
 One thing, however, is certain, viz., that there are now two 
 Supreme Councils in Boston and one Sovereign Grand Consis- 
 tory, hailing from the Supreme Council of New York (Cerneau), 
 all rivals to each other, and each having their subordinate 
 bodies throughout the Western hemisphere. How long this 
 state of things may continue it is not possible to foresee ; but 
 the contempt and bitter reproaches which such proceedings 
 bring upon the Order, cannot be too greatly magnified or too 
 severely condemned. 
 
 RE CAP I TULA TION. 
 
 The following Supreme Grand Councils of the Thirty-third 
 degree. Ancient and Accepted Rite, now exist in the United 
 States : 
 
 "SUPREME GRAND COUNCIL OF THE UNITED 
 STATES OF AMERICA, HER TERRITORIES, AND DE- 
 PENDENCIES." New York. 
 
 Renounces all rule over the first Three degrees. 
 
 "SUPREME GRAND COUNCIL OF THE NORTHERN 
 JURISDICTION, U. S. A." Boston, Mass. 
 
 " Waive " all right over the first three degrees. (Van Rens- 
 SBLAEE, Grand Com.) 
 
 "SUPREME GRAND COUNCIL OF THE NORTHERN 
 JURISDICTION, U. S. A." Boston, Mass. 
 
 " Waive " all right over the first three degrees. (Edw. A. 
 Raymond, Grand Com.) 
 
 "SUPREME GRAND COUNCIL OF THE SOUTHERN 
 JURISDICTION U. S. A." Cliarleaton, S. C. 
 
 " Waive " all right over the first three degrees. 
 
 "SUPREME GRAND COUNCIL OF LOUISIANA." 
 
 Located at New Orleans, controls the first three degrees, 
 and has over Twenty Blue Lodges under it. 
 
274 SCOTTISH BITE, ANCIEXT AND ACCEPTED. 
 
 "SUPREME GRAND COUNCIL OF CALIFORNIA." 
 
 Located at San Francisco, rerwunces all right over the first 
 Three degrees. 
 
 "SUPREME GRAND COUNCIL OF CONNECTICUT." 
 
 Located at Bridgeport, renounces all right over the first Three 
 degrees. 
 Besides the above Councils, there are Consistoeibs in the 
 
 following States : 
 
 NEW YORK CITY— Established by the Gourgas body— 
 A Rival to the Supreme Council. 
 
 NEW YORK CITY— EstabHshed by the Raymond body— 
 A Rival to both. 
 
 BOSTON, MASS.— A Rival to both Supreme Councils there. 
 
 NEW ORLEANS, LA.— Established by Charleston Council 
 — A Rival to Supreme Council there. 
 
 TRENTON, NEW JERSEY— A Consistory by Supreme 
 Council of New York, (Cerneau). 
 
 BMm f oirge of |P Atiom 
 
 AND 
 
 COUNCIL OF PRmCES OF JERl'SALEM, 
 AT ALBANY, N. Y. 
 
 Having omitted in the history a particular notice of these 
 bodies, and as there are many curiosities brought to light in 
 the examination of this part of the subject, we feel it to be an 
 act of duty to place what information we may be possessed of 
 before the Fraternity, in order that it may not be said that 
 we have neglected altogether to make mention of them. 
 
 It is pretended that the Lodge of Perfection at Albany was 
 founded there by 111.". Bro.-. Henbt A. Feancken, one of the 
 Deputies of Stephen Morin, 1767. The seal of this Lodge 
 bears this date upon it. 
 
 We have reason to doubt the authenticity of the date 
 
SUPREME COUNCIL_U. 8. A. 275 
 
 Francken was the first' Deputy appointed by Morin after his 
 arrival in St. Domingo. It is barely possible that Francken 
 himself was made a Deputy before this date, and more than 
 probable that the seal is his private one, containing the date of 
 his commission from Morin, viz., 1767. As it was the invariable 
 custom of Deputies to place their own seal upon all documents 
 issuing under their hands, which seal always bore the date 
 of their individual commission, we conclude this to be one 
 of that kind ; and that the Lodge in Albany was not found- 
 ed so early as 1767 by several years. Again, Francken ap- 
 pointed Moses Michael Hays in the city of Boston, Mass., and 
 we have nothing of the doings of Hays until 1780, although he 
 had resided in Boston several years before that date. 
 
 It is said that • Morin himself established at Kingston, 
 Jamaica, a Lodge of Perfection in 1769, which proves clearly 
 that Morin resided in the islands at that time. But it is also 
 said in the Register of Abraham Jacobs : 
 
 " That in 1774 Bro.-. Henry A. Francken established the Eoyal Orders 
 in Jamaica, and continued at their head for several years, which afterwards 
 fell and laid dormant." 
 
 Here is a flat contradiction — but both statements go far 
 to show that both Morin and Francken were residents of the 
 West Indies, and that Francken did not reach this country so 
 early as the date named on the seal. Moreover, Hays had been 
 appointed by him for this country, and was a resident here. 
 This point, however, is not a very material one. The Lodge 
 was established in Albany, by Francken, at sometime between 
 1767 and 1781. 
 
 How long it continued operations there does not appear. 
 After a while it went to sleep, and its very existence appears to 
 have passed out of the memory of the "■oldest Inhabitant." 
 
 In the meantime, Bro.". Giles Fonda Yates appears upon 
 the stage of action — becomes a zealous workman in Sublime 
 Masonry ; and, finally, M.". P.*. Sovereign, Grand Commander 
 of the Gourgas Supreme Council. At a meeting of that body 
 in the city of Boston, Mass., in September, 1851, he delivered 
 an address, from which the following extract is made : 
 
276 SCOTTISH EITE, ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED. 
 
 " I turned my attention to the history of the Sublime degrees very soon 
 after my initiation as a Mason. My intercourse, in 1822, with several old 
 Masons in the city of Albany, led to the discovery that an Ineffable Lodge of 
 Perfection had been established in that ancient city on the 20th December 
 1767. I also discovered, that not only the Ineffable, but the Superior degrees 
 of our rite, had been conferred at the same time on a chosen few, by the 
 founder of the Lodge, Henry A. Prancken, one of the Deputies of Stephen 
 Morin of illustrious memory. It was not long, moreover, before 1 found 
 the original warrant of this Lodge, its book of Minutes, the Patents of 111. 
 Bros. Samuel Stringer, M. D., Jeremiah Van Rensselaer, and Peter W. Yates, 
 Esquires, Deputy Inspectors General under the old system ; also the Regula- 
 tions and Constitutions of the nine Commissioners, &c., 1761* — and other 
 documents that had been left by Bro. Prancken with the Albany brethren — 
 when he founded their Lodge. With the concurrence of the surviving members 
 of said Lodge in Albany, Dr. Jonathan Bights, and the Hon. and E. W. 
 Stephen Van Rensselaer, P. G. M., of the Grand Lodge of New York, I aided 
 in effecting its revival. The necessary proceedings were thereupon instituted 
 to place the same under the superintendence of a Grand Council of Princes of 
 Jerusalem, as required by the old Constitutions ; and such Grand Council was 
 subsequently opened in due form in said city. 
 
 " Having been made aware of the ' -new Constitution of tlie Thirty-third 
 degree,' ratified on the 1st of May, 1786, conferring the Supreme power over 
 our rite, on ' Councils of nine brethren,' I hastened to place myself in cor- 
 respondence with Moses Holbrook, M. D., at the time Sovereign Grand 
 Commander of the Supreme Council at Charleston, and with my esteemed 
 friends, Joseph McCosh, Illustrious Grand' Secretary General of the last- 
 named Council, and Bro. Gourgas, at that time Illustrious Grand Secretary 
 General of the H. E. for this Northern Jurisdiction. Lodges of Perfection 
 in the Counties of Montgomery, Onondaga, Saratoga, and Monroe, in the State 
 of New York, were successively organized and placed agreeably to the Consti- 
 tutions, under the superintendence of the Grand Council before named. The 
 establishment of this last-named body was confirmed, and all our proceedings 
 in Sublime Pree Masonry were legalized and sanctioned by the only lawful 
 authorities in the United States, the aforesaid Supreme Councils. 
 
 " On the 16th day of November, 1824, 1 received a Patent, appointing me 
 S. of S. of a Consistory of S. P. of the R. S, established in the city of Albany. 
 I would here also state, that on the 13th day of February, 1825, Charters 
 were granted to Illustrious Bro. Edward A. Raymond, of Boston, Mass., and 
 eight associates, constituting them a Grand Council of Princes of Jerusalem. 
 A Charter was also granted them lor a Consistory of S. P. E. S., both bodies to 
 be holdeo in the city of Boston. All the several bodies named, as well as the 
 
 * A mistake— as they were not put together and passed upon by the Convention until Sept. 
 22d 1762, and did not reach the United States, until long after that time. 
 
SUPBEME COUNCIL— U. S. A. 277 
 
 Albany Grand Council and Consistory have, since their establishment, paid 
 due faith and allegiance to our Northern Supreme Council. 
 
 " In 1825 I took my vows as a ' Sovereign Grand Inspector General ' 
 between the hands of our said Brother, Joseph McCosh, he having been 
 specially deputized for that purpose. I was shortly after constituted, and 
 accredited the Representative of the Southern Supreme Grand Council, near 
 this Northern Supreme Grand Council, of which last I was made, and have 
 ever since been, a member. 
 
 " The proofs are undeniable, that the learning contained in the ' Sublime 
 degrees ' was taught long previous to the last century — our M. P. Bro., Dalcho, 
 thinks shortly after the first Crusade. In Russia, Prance, and Scotland, the 
 principal degrees of our rite appeared in an organized form in 1713. The 
 unfortunate Lord Derwentwater, and his associate English brethren, were 
 working in Lodges of Harodim, in 1725, at Paris when the Grand Lodge of 
 England transmitted to France the Ancient York Constitutions. Many 
 Scotch brethren (adherents of Charles Edward Stuart), being in Prance 
 about this time, also cultivated some of the high degrees of our rite. Some of 
 the important mysteries celebrated in the Superior degrees, were instituted by 
 the successors of Jaques de Molay, and others derive their origin from the 
 renowned Robert Bruce. The former gave the Military, the latter the Chris- 
 tian character, to the degrees and Orders of our rite ; and from what has been 
 alluded to, relative to the connection of our Scotch brethren, with oar degi'ees 
 and Orders, I think we may readily account for the term (Ecossais), Scotch, 
 as applied to them." 
 
 Herein is given an account of the resuscitation of this Lodge, 
 which, according to the figures of 111.'. Bro.'. Yates, had 
 enjoyed a " Rip Van Winkle sleep " of over iifty years. And 
 the manner in which the thing was accomplished is rather 
 mysterious. In the address, which is somewhat lengthy, not 
 one word is said concerning the manner in which 111.'. Bro.'. 
 Yates came into possession of the degrees — or whether he ever 
 received them by initiation — or that he was a Sublime Mason 
 before he made 'the discovery; these points being studiously 
 avoided. But he says, " He turned his attention to the 
 sublime degrees, &c," made certain " discoveries," and, finally, 
 resuscitated the Lodge, chartered other Lodges, &c. 
 
 The absence of evidence in relation to the manner in which 
 he received his degrees, both Inefi'able and Sublime, has led 
 many of the brethren, who were his most intimate friends 
 and admirers, to assert that he never received them at any 
 time in a regular way. In their relations concerning this 
 
278 SCOTTISH RITE, ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED. 
 
 matter, there appears to be connected with it a closet, which 
 had been locked up and unnoticed — a Trunk of Manuscripts, 
 Eituals, Decorations, Jewels, &c. x\.nd immediately after 
 this important discovery, Bro.'. Yates had jumped from the 
 Third degree to the Thirty-second, and became " Illustrious " 
 to the surprise of all his brethren. 
 
 Immediately after this " discovery," he learned that there 
 were Constitutions to govern the rite, and that some of the 
 members of the Lodge were then living. As a general thing 
 in these days, Masons who are initiated generally " learn who 
 are Masons, and intend to perform the initiatory service upon 
 them before they consent to become members," but it was 
 different with this 111.'. Bro.". — he made himself Illustrious 
 first, and then became acquainted with the other things. He 
 found that the Constitutions required the Lodge to be placed 
 under thejurisdiction of a Council of Princes of Jerusalem, 
 and, accordingly, (although he knew not of any such body 
 before), " such Council was subsequently opened in due form " 
 by himself in said city. They then go on to establish Lodges 
 of Perfection throughout the State of New York. 
 
 These proceedings came to the knowledge of Mr. Gourgas, 
 then a resident of New York city, whereupon he notified Mr. 
 Yates of his illegal proceedings, besides which, he at once 
 wrote on to his bosom friend, De La Motta, at Charleston, 
 relating these transactions and requesting his advice in the 
 premises — (another proof that there was no Supreme Council 
 in existence at that time in New York, else they would have 
 taken the matter into their own hands, not needing advice). 
 The reply of De La Motta was in character. After recounting 
 the troubles and disappointments he had had, and suffered, with 
 the Cerneau body, he advised a reconciliation with the offend- 
 ing parties, in order to make them friends and avoid further 
 disturbance. Mr. Gourgas acted in accordance with this 
 advice. The result was as stated in the address : 
 
 " The establishment of our Grand Council of Princes of Jerusalem was 
 confirmed, and all our proceedings in Sublime Masonry were legalized and 
 sanctioned, &o." 
 
SUPREME COUNCIL— U. 8. A. 279 
 
 And in 1824 he received a Patent appointing him S .•. of 
 S .•. of a Consistory of Sublime Princes of the Royal Secret, 
 established in the city of Albany. In 1825, in the month of 
 February, Charters were granted by them to the 111 /. and 
 Puissant Brother, Edward A. Raymond, of Boston, Mass., and 
 eight associates constituting them a Grand Council of Princes 
 of Jerusalem, also a Charter for a Consistory of Sublime Prin- 
 ces of the Royal Secret, both bodies to be holden in the city of 
 Boston. (This would be equally strange with all the rest of 
 the proceedings if Gourgas had a Supreme Council then in 
 existence in New York city). 
 
 The only definite relation concerning himself, contained in 
 the document is : 
 
 " That in 1825 I took my vows as a Sovereign Grand Inspector General 
 between the hands of our said 111. . Bro .-. Joseph McOosh (of happy memory), 
 he having been specially deputized for that purpose. I was shortly after con- 
 stituted and accredited the Eepresentative of the Southern Supreme Council, 
 near the Northern Supreme Council, of which last I was made, and have ever 
 since been a member." 
 
 (Is it not rather strange that Mr. Gourgas, who was then 
 pretending to be " the Supreme Council for the Northern 
 Jurisdiction," should not be consulted about making 111 .•. 
 Bro.'. Yates a Sovereign Grand Inspector General, it being 
 his jurisdiction, and that the Illustrious McCosh should be 
 sent on from Charleston to do it in the face of the proper 
 authority ? This does not look very well when one reads the 
 claims which the 111 .•. Gourgas pretends to in 1825). 
 
 But the 111 .". Bro .". Yates became a very zealous work- 
 man in the new rite, and attained the name and reputation of 
 a well informed Mason. We are, therefore, somewhat sur- 
 prised, when we witness so many gross errors published over 
 his name. Thus he states : 
 
 "That in 1713, the principal degrees of the Rite appeared in an organized 
 form in Scotland, Prance, and Russia." 
 
 Any person at all conversant with Masonic history knows 
 this to be utterly untrue, as no Masonry at all was known or 
 practiced in Prance until 1725, at which time the first Masonic 
 Lodge was opened in the Blue degrees, having been Chartered 
 
280 SCOTTISH RITE, ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED. 
 
 by tlie Grand Lodge of England. (See Tablet No. 1, and his- 
 tory contained in Report to the Grand Orient of France, 
 Ragon, Clavel, and others). Scotland declares as late as 1802, 
 that no Masonry was then, or ever had been known there, up 
 to that time, but the three Blue degrees, and that it would be 
 her pleasure and her pride to keep them pure and unsullied. 
 Prussia has never known the Sublime degrees until after they 
 were manufactured in France, beginning with Ramsay's system 
 of three new degrees in 1730. Even at this time, 1862, she 
 rejects in toto the system of the Ancient and Accepted Rite, 
 and disclaims any connection with it whatever. But, again : 
 
 " The unfortunate Lord Derwentwater and his associate English brethren 
 were working in ' Lodges of Harodim,' in 1725, at Paris, &c. 
 * 
 Thory, Ragon, Clavel, and others, all state ; 
 
 " The first Masonic Lodge known in Prance was instituted at Paris in 1725 by 
 Lord Derwentwater, Marklyn, D'Hegnetty, and some other English brethren. 
 It was chartered by the Grand Lodge of England, and worked in Three 
 degrees only.'' 
 
 The same authors state : 
 
 " In 1736, the Grand Lodge of Prance took to itself the rite of Chevalier 
 Ramsay, which was three additional degrees. 
 
 " In 1744, Charles Edward Stuart, the son of the Pretender and his followers, 
 opened Lodges without authority. And on the 15th April, 1747, Charles 
 Edward Stuart founded the primordal Chapter of Arras under the distinctive 
 title of ' Ecossai Jacobite.' This was the first Chapter or Centre of High 
 degrees in France." 
 
 The remainder of the address is equally at variance with the 
 truth, being taken up with a repetition of the Charleston docu- 
 ment of 1802, which has been fully reviewed in the history, and 
 needs no comment here. 
 
 The Lodge of Perfection at Albany, resuscitated by Bro .*. 
 Yates, in 1822, kept on with its labors until the year 1827, at 
 which time it suffered in common with the rest of the Masonic 
 bodies in this part of the world. It remained dormant until 
 after the year 1845, when it was again resuscitated, and is still 
 in existence in Albany, but whether in a thriving condition or 
 not, does not appear. 
 
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 Plate 4. 
 
SUPREME COUNCIL— U. S. A. 281 
 
 EXPLANATION OF PLATE IV. 
 
 As this plate ia somewhat extended and intricate, embracing a period 
 of one hundred years, it is deemed necessary that the explanation of it 
 should be full, in order that it may be properly understood. We shall, 
 therefore, first give a general explanation, and then enter into the 
 particulars. 
 
 The Tableau naturally divides itself into three sections, as follows : 
 
 That on the left, and apparently the main section, serves to show the origin 
 and progress of the Sovereign Grand Consistory and Supreme Council of 
 Cerneau down to the present time, with the various bodies which have 
 emanated from it. 
 
 The middle section shows the origin of the Consistory for the State of 
 Louisiana ; the erection of the Supreme Council in 1839, under the Marquis de 
 Sant Angelo, with others who were Sovereign Grand Inspectors General 
 Thirty-third ; the split in 1855 ; and the renewal of the original Supreme 
 Council, which continues there at the present day. 
 
 The third, or right hand section, shows the origin of the Supreme Council 
 of Charleston, South Carolina, and its progress, together with the Supreme 
 Council of De La Motta, established in New York, in 1813, by him, as a 
 rival to the Cerneau body, follows it to the time when it becomes extinct ; 
 shows the commencement of the Gourgas Supreme Council in 1847 ; bringing 
 the whole number of the bodies down to the year 1862, with all the branches 
 growing out of the same. 
 
 Keeping these things in view, as the reader examines the plate placed before 
 him, he will find no difiBculty in understanding the entire progress of all these 
 bodies, and will be prepared for the following particular explanation. 
 
 On the top of the Tableau is seen represented the ' Orand Lodge of France ' 
 and the ' Council of the Emperors of the East and West,' these two bodies being 
 in treaty with each other. From these bodies, Stephen Morin received his 
 Commission or Powers in 1761, arrived in St. Domingo about 1762. Here 
 Morin appointed Henry A. Francken, Prancken appointed Hays, and Hays 
 others, all of whom were known as the successors of Stephen Morin. 
 
 The successors were scattered over the United States. In 1783 they estab- 
 lished a Lodge of Perfection in Charleston, South Carolina; and in 1801, 
 John Mitchell and Frederick Dalcho established a new rite in Thirty-three 
 degrees, and opened a Supreme Council in that rite (Ancient and Accepted), in 
 the city of Charleston. 
 
 The first body which came under the jurisdiction of this Supreme Council 
 was the Lodge of Perfection and Council of Princes of Jerusalem, all the 
 members of the same having been initiated in Savannah by Abraham Jacobs. 
 
282 SCOTTISH BITE, ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED.. 
 
 (See Diary Document No. 15, appendix). Tliis body is represented at the 
 right of the Supreme Council emerging from the same in 1802. Following 
 the course of this Council downward until we arrive at 1813, we find a body 
 issuing from the same denominated the " Supreme Council of De La Motta." 
 This body was established in New York city in 1813, by De La Motta in his 
 "individual capacity,'' as a rival to the Sovereign Grand Consistory and 
 Supreme Council of Joseph Cemeau, then in existence there. De La Motta's 
 body continued in active exercise until 1818, at which time it became extinct 
 as delineated on the drawing. 
 
 In 1816, the Charleston Council languishes, but revives again in 1822, and 
 continues its functions until 1830, when it is acknowledged by the Grand 
 Orient of Prance, and appears for the first time in the published Annuary of 
 that body. But in 1832 the Council, as a body, becomes extinct. 
 
 In 1844 it again makes its appearance, and at this time Dr. Albert G. 
 Mackey becomes Secretary General of the same. Continuing its course down 
 to the year 1852, it charters a Consistory in the city of New Orleans, for the 
 State of Louisiana. This Consistory floats down to the year 1855, at which 
 time it forms a union with the old Consistory of Cemeau, established in 1813 
 in that city, immediately after which the "united body" enters into a Concor- 
 dat with the Supreme Council of Charleston, and becomes its dependant for 
 the State of Louisiana. The Charleston Council continues its course down to 
 the present day, and is now the authority for the Southern Masonic Jurisdic- 
 tion of the United States. 
 
 We will now return to the top of the Tableau, (Joseph Cemeau). 
 
 Mr. Cemeau was a legitimate successor of Stephen Morin, having received 
 from him his degrees and " Power " in St. Domingo. He arrived in New 
 York city in 1806, and soon after established a Sose Croix Chapter, by title 
 " Triple Amitie," which is represented on the left. This Chapter continued in 
 existence but a short time. In 1807 he established the " Sovereign Grand Con- 
 sistory for the United States of America, their Territories, and Dependencies,'' 
 which body, in 1809, granted a Charter to Rose Croix Chapter, by Title 
 " Triple Alliance." It was the Chapter " Triple Amitie " revived. In 1812 he 
 established the " Supreme Council of Sovereign Giand Inspectors General, 
 Thirty-third degree,'' which was acknowledged by the Supreme Council of 
 France in 1813. 
 
 In the month of January, 1813, the body established a Grand Consistory 
 for the State of Bhode Island ; also, in the month of June, a Consistory for 
 the State of Louisiana, located in the city of New Orleans. This Consistory 
 for the State of Louisiana, continued in the active exercise of its powers, and 
 had several Blue Lodges under its control, when in the year 1833, the Grand 
 Lodge of that State, fearing that difficulties would arise, entered into negotia- 
 tions with the Consistory. This resulted in the formation of a " Scottish 
 Chamber " in the Grand Lodge, whereupon the Consistory ceased its work in 
 
SUPREME COUNCIL— U. S. A. 283 
 
 the first three degreess, transferring all those powers to the Chamber in the 
 Grand Lodge. 
 
 In 1839, a Supreme Council of the Thirty-third was erected in New 
 Orleans by the Count St. Angelo and others, in consequence of the United 
 Supreme Council for the Western Hemisphere having ceased its activity. It 
 assumed to be the successor of that body, was aclinowledged by the Grand 
 Orient of France in 1843, and the Consistory came under its charge. This 
 Supreme Council continued in active operation until 1850, when a disturbance 
 took place between the Grand Lodge of Louisiana and itself. The Grand 
 Lodge at that time dissolved the Scottish Chamber, which had been allied 
 with it for seventeen years in harmony, and prohibited all connection with 
 Scottish Masons and the Scottish rite. Whereupon the Supreme Council imme- 
 diately resumed its control over the first three degrees, chartered and estab- 
 lished Lodges, and has now over twenty under her jurisdiction in that State. 
 As soon as the Grand Lodge dissolved the Scottish Chamber, Dr. Mackey, of 
 Charleston established the Consistory of 1852 as represented in the drawing, 
 and has already been alluded to. It was intended as a rival to the Supreme 
 Council. 
 
 In 1855 a quarrel takes place between the ofBcers of the Supreme Council 
 (by design), the principal officers resign their ofiices, leaving behind a party 
 who were in favor of the Charleston Council. Whereupon that party declares 
 the Supreme Grand Council for Louisiana extinct, and at once revive the 
 Consistory of 1813, which Consistory unites with the Consistory of Mackey, 
 created by him in 1852 ; and the united body enters into a Concordat with the 
 Charleston Council and becomes its dependent. It is now in existence as 
 the Grand Consistory for the State of Louisiana. 'But those members who 
 resigned and withdrew, at once erected the Supreme Council, renewed active 
 operations, and now have Twenty Lodges, and nearly as many Eose Croix 
 Chapters and Councils of Kadosch under their control. 
 
 We will now return to the Sovereign Grand Consistory of 1807, nearly 
 opposite to which, on the right, will be seen a representation of a Lodge of 
 Perfection 1808, and a Consistory 1809. 
 
 The Lodge of Perfection consists of Masons initiated by Abraham Jacobs 
 on his own responsibility, and whom he formed into a Lodge of Perfection 
 during that year (Nov. 1808). John G. Tardy took the Lodge under his pro- 
 tection as Deputy Inspector General. The Consistory was formed in March 
 1809 by Tardy and others, but the Lodge of Perfection and Council of Prin- 
 ces, together vdth the Consistory, went out of existence before the end of the 
 year 1809, most of the members uniting with the Sovereign Grand Consistory 
 of Cerneau. 
 
 In 1813 appears the Supreme Council of De La, Motta. This Council has 
 been before described, but not in connection with the Consistory and Council 
 of Cerneau. This is the body which was erected by De La Motta to supersede 
 the Council of Cerneau. Mr. Gourgas was Secretary General of this body. 
 
284 SCOTTISH RITE, ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED. 
 
 and from it issued the documents published by De La Motta. It expired in 
 1818, bat assumes to continue on, Mr. Grourgas being its head. 
 
 In 1814 the Sovereign Grand Consistory established the body known as the 
 Council of Eoyal and Select Masters. It also constituted and established the 
 Grand Encampment of Knights Templar for the State of New York. 
 
 In 1816 the Sovereign Grand Consistory was acknowledged by the Grand 
 Orient of France, Germain Hacquet, Representative in that Orient for the 
 Sovereign Grand Consistory, and Joseph Cerneau, Representative for the Grand 
 Orient of Prance, near the Grand Consistory — New York. 
 
 In 1822 the Sovereign Grand Consistory established Consistories at Porto 
 Rico, Laguayra, Barcelona, Cumana, Havana, and Port of Spain, Trinidad. 
 In 1825 it constituted a degree known as " Aaron's Band," which, soon after, 
 became extinct. It also Chartered " Lafayette Rose Croix Chapter,'' which 
 has existed up to the present day. In 1826 it issued a Power to David 
 Jewett to establish a Consistory in the Empire of Brazil. In 1827 the Anti- 
 Masonic excitement destroyed all Masonic bodies, and the Sovereign Grand 
 Consistory then ceased its existence in common with the rest. 
 
 In 1831 the Count St. Laurent, Sovereign Grand Commander of the 
 Supreme Grand Council for Terra Pirma, New Spain, the Canary Islands, &c., 
 and Honorary member of the Supreme Council of Prance, arrived in the 
 United States, being the bearer of despatches from that body to the Sovereign 
 Grand Consistory. These despatches contained the intelligence of the dis- 
 placement of the Sovereign Grand Consistory from the Grand Orient, and the 
 acknowledgment of the Charleston Council and Gourgas by that body, together 
 with the offer of the Supreme Council of Prance, of acknowldgment, where- 
 upon the Consistory and Council were summoned to an extraordinary Con- 
 vocation. A Union was effected with the Supreme Council of Terra Pirma, 
 and the United Supreme Council for tlie Western Hemisphere, in 1 832, was the 
 result. Owing to great dissatisfaction among the members with regard to 
 the terms of Union, in connection with other matters, many members with- 
 drew and took refuge in the Rose Croix Chapter Lafayette. Other mem- 
 bers withdrew altogether. The remnant went on for two or three years, when 
 the Council declined. In 1836, the Tripartite Treaty with the Supreme Coun- 
 cils of Prance, Belgium, and Brazil, was ratified, which made the Council still 
 more unpopular. In 1837 the difficulty occurred in the Grand Lodge, out of 
 which originated " St. John's Grand Lodge," that body retaining the Chart^^r 
 and control of Lafayette Rose Croix Chapter. In 1846 the United Supreme 
 Council for the Western Hemisphere was dissolved by mutual consent. 
 
 But in 1842 the members of Lafayette Rose Croix Chapter, with Henry C. 
 Atwood at their head, had formed a Consistory, which, in 1846, took the place 
 of the United Supreme Council, and re-formed a Supreme Grand Council for 
 the United States of America, their Territories, and Dependencies. In 1851, 
 after the Union of the two Grand Lodges, that Supreme Council was re- 
 organized under Jeremy L. Cross. It was just previous to this time (1848), 
 
SUPREME COUNCIL— U. S. A. 285 
 
 that Mr. Gourgas made his appearance with a new Supreme Council (which 
 see under this date), and pretending to be the Council of 1813. This Council 
 continued its seat at New Tork until 1851. It then removed to Boston, 
 Mass. In 1861 a difficulty occurred in the body resulting in a split, where- 
 upon a new Supreme Council was there formed, thus making two Supreme 
 Councils in Boston, known as " the Van Rensselaer " and " tiie Raymcmd Coun- 
 cil," the former having nine Consistories under its jurisdiction in the several 
 States, and the latter having one in the city of New York, with several subor- 
 dinate bodies in Brooklyn, "Williamsburg, Syracuse, and Hoboken, N. J. 
 
 In 1852 the Supreme Council of Atwood was re-organized by M .-. P .-. 
 Sovereign Grand Commander of the Supreme Council of New Orleans, James 
 Poulhouze, and at the same time entered into a treaty with that Council. In 
 1853 it entered into a treaty with the Supreme Council of New Granada ; 
 also, in 1856, with the Supreme Council of Belgium. In 1858 it constituted 
 the Supreme Council for the State of Connecticut. In 1860 it constituted the 
 Supreme Council for the State of California. In 1862 it constituted a Sove- 
 reign Grand Consistory at Trenton, for the State of New Jersey, and one at 
 Boston, for the State of Massachusetts. 
 
 The Plate exhibits the position which this branch of Masonry occupies at 
 the present day in the United States, viz. : 
 
 One Supreme Councii, in the City of New York. 
 " Title." — The Sovereign Grand Consistory, and Supreme Grand Council for 
 the United States of America, their Territories ,and Dependencies. 
 One Supreme Council in New Orleans. 
 "Title." — Supreme Grand Council for the State of Louisiana. 
 
 One Supreme Council in Charleston, S. C. 
 " Title." — Supreme Grand Council for the Southern Masonic Jurisdiction, 
 United States of America. 
 
 Two Supreme Councils in City op Boston. 
 " Title." — Supreme Grand Council for the Northern Masonic Jurisdiction, 
 United States of America. 
 
 Van Rensselaer body and 
 Raymond body. 
 One Supreme Council in Bridgeport, Conn. 
 " Title." — Supreme Grand Council for the State of Conn. 
 
 One Supreme Council in San Francisco. 
 " Title." — Supreme Grand Council for the State of California. 
 
 The above Plate is intended as a representation of facts, the events occurring 
 as there delineated. At the same time it must be remembered that if the doc- 
 trine based upon the Institutes and Secret Constitutions of 1786 be accepted 
 viz. : "That a Supreme Council of the Thirty-third, once constitutionally 
 established, whilst a single member remains, is cxmsidered in existence ; and that 
 a Sovereign Grand Inspector General of the Thirty-third, once appointed, is so 
 
286 SCOTTISH EITE, ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED. 
 
 for life," then the chain of succession is unbroken, and perfect, not only with 
 the Cerneau Council, but also with all the others, as there were many regular 
 Thirty-thirds living, active members of the Councils, and ofiBoers of the same, 
 from 1801 to 1862, so that all the bodies are alike in this respect. But 
 neither the Author, or the Council from which he hailed, or the Grand Orient 
 of France, from which that Council derived, ever believed in, or promulgated 
 such a doctrine. On the contrary ; so long as a Council is in the active 
 exercise of its functions ; is performing its work under a regular organization ; 
 and is acknowledged by, and in correspondence with its peers ; so long it is 
 considered a " Council, or body, or power." When these cease, when its 
 organization is discontinued, its meetings brought to an end, and correspon- 
 dence broken up, it is then no longer a body or power — it is extinct. On this 
 basis the above diagram was formed. 
 
 Note. — Having received Information since the above chapter was put to 
 press, (Oct. 1st. 1862.) that the " Sup.-. Grand Council for the United States 
 of America, their Territories and Dependencies," familiarly known as the " Cer- 
 neau Council," of which Edmund B. Hays is Sov.-. Grand Commander, has 
 been acknowledged fully by the Grand Orient of France, also by the " Supremt 
 Council of France," and that an exchange of Kepresentatives has taken place — 
 and also of the negociations which are pending between that Supreme Grand 
 Council and the Sup.-. Grand Councils of England, and Scotland, it is thought 
 proper to insert this note of the fact, and to refer the reader to Appendix Doc- 
 uments No. 47 and 48 for farther particulars. 
 
CHAPTBE TENTH. 
 
 STATISTIC ACCOUNT, 
 
 DENOTING THE FORMATION AND PROGRESS OF THE M.'. P.' 
 SOVEREIGN GRAND CONSISTORY OF THE 
 
 3ni^xtm Chiefs of ^mM W^mmq, 
 
 AND OF THE 
 
 SUPREME GRAND COUNCIL OF THE 33?. DEGREE. 
 
 1807. The Sovereign Grand Consistory of the Supreme Chiefs of Exalted 
 Masonry of the Ancient Constitutional Rite of Heredom, for the United 
 States of America, her Territories, and Dependencies, was founded in 
 the month of October of this year, by Joseph Cerneau, Sovereign Grand 
 Inspector General of the Thirty-third degree, and Constituted in due 
 form. 
 
 The parties whose names appear in the records are Joseph Cerneau, 
 John W. Mulligan, Charles Guerin, Jacob Schieffelin, Jonathan 
 Schieffelin, John Telfair, J. B. Subrau, John Bleecker, John B. Pon- 
 zolz, John C. Ludlow, Aaron H. Palmer, Joseph Colbert. 
 
 The announcement was made in the daily papers, and by printed cir- 
 culars, addressed to all the Masonic bodies in the United States. 
 
 1808. In the early part of this year, the arrangements were complete for 
 the full formation of the Sovereign Grand Consistory of the United 
 States of America, her Territories, and Dependencies, as the Grand 
 Bast for the Ancient Constitutional Scottish Rite of Heredom, in 
 the city of New York ; and in the month of September the following 
 list of OfiSoers was announced as Constituting the said Grand East for 
 said Rite : 
 
 The Most Illustrious Brothers, 
 Joseph Cekneao, Past Master, M. P., Sovereign Grand Commander, 
 John W. Mulligan, " Deputy " " 
 
 Charles Gubkin, " First Lieut. " " 
 
 Anthony Rainetaux, " Second " " " 
 
 Jacob Schieffelin, " First Minister of State, 
 
288 SCOTTISH RITE, ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED. 
 
 The Most Ulustrions Brothers, 
 Aakon H. Palmer, Past Master, Second Minister of State, 
 Joseph Bguchaud, " HI. Grand Chancellor, 
 
 Joseph Gouin, " Grand Keeper of the Seals, 
 
 TonssANT MiDT, " " Expert Introductor, 
 
 Francis Ddbuar, " " Treasurer, 
 
 James P. Durand, " " Secretary. 
 
 Tlie following is a list of Members : 
 
 Jonathan Schieffelin, John Telfair, Joseph Colbert, J. B. Snbran, 
 John Bleecker, John B. Ponzolz, John C. Ludlow. 
 
 They claimed the definitive title of " TO^ Trinity " and an announce- 
 ment of the above claims, together with the degrees which they con- 
 trol, was again made in the papers of the day. 
 
 In the month of November information was received by announce- 
 ment in the papers, of the establishment of a Council of Princes of 
 Jerusalem, by a Jew named Abraham Jacobs, who had removed from 
 the South to New York city, in or about the year 1802, and who 
 professed to be in possession of the degrees. It appeared, in the course 
 of the examination, that Jacobs had been at work for some months, 
 had communicated the degrees to Nineteen brethren, and then Consti- 
 tuted them into a Lodge of Perfection and Council of Princes of 
 Jerusalem. 
 
 He was waited upon immediately by a. Committee from the Sovereign 
 Grand Consistory, consisting of Messrs. Cerneau and Mulligan, who 
 tendered to him an invitation to be present at a Council of Princes of 
 Jerusalem, then in session, which invitation he refused. After forbid- 
 ding his proceeding, they left him. Jacobs then called in the assist- 
 ance of John G. Tardy, who took the Council under his protection. 
 
 1809. In the early part of this year, a petition was presented for the organi- 
 zation of the Sovereign Chapter of Rose Croix, under the title 
 of " Triple Alliance." It was the oldest Chapter in the United States 
 of that grade. The above petition was received and acted upon, the 
 body re-organized, and established in due form. 
 
 Also, during the year, the organization and establishment of a Grand 
 Council of Sublime Princes of the Royal Secret for the State of New 
 Tork was completed, and announced in due form. 
 
 During this year the Consistory and Council of Princes of Jerusalem, 
 formed by Jacobs, went down. The brethren composing those bodies, 
 finding they were illegitimate, forsook them. Many came over to the 
 Sovereign Grand Consistory, and united with that body, while others 
 remained in seclusion. Those bodies were never revived. 
 
 1810. The officers were the same. An application to the Supreme Grand 
 
SUPREME COUNCIL— U. S. A. 289 
 
 Council of Prance signed by the Officers and Members, and asking 
 for recognition, was forwarded during the year. 
 
 The controversy between the remaining members of the Jacobs party 
 and the Sovereign Grand Consistory, was continued. It had the effect 
 of exposing the whole concern as a money-making transaction on the 
 part of Jacobs, as well as a breach of his obligations, and most effec- 
 tually put a stop to his progress. 
 
 1811. During this year the following brethren were received, viz. : Hon. 
 DeWitt Clinton, Qov.State of New York, M. W., Grand Master of the 
 G. L., &c. ; Martin Hoffman, Cadwallader, D. Golden, Mayor of the 
 city of New York ; and several other members and Officers of the 
 Grand Lodge. Hon. DeWitt Clinton was appointed Deputy Grand 
 Commander, and Messrs. Colden, Hoffman, Schisano, and others, to 
 appropriate offices both in the Consistory and Council. The list of 
 Officers will be found in Appendix, Document No. 20. 
 
 1812. A petition was received from a Constitutional number of brethren, in 
 the city of Newport, Rhode Island, in December, asking for the Con- 
 stitution of a Grand Council of Sublime Princes of the Royal Secret 
 for that State, which petition was granted. The requisite number of 
 the brethren at Newport were deputized to proceed to New York, iu 
 all eight, and receive the degrees which was effected in January fol- 
 lowing, after which they were Constituted as Officers of the body, 
 and carried with them all the proper documents. 
 
 The following is a list of the names of the Brethren with the Offices to 
 which they were appointed to fill: 
 
 The M .-. Ill .-. Brother, John A. Shaw Sov. Gr. Ins. Gen. 33d, Depu- 
 ty Inspector General for the 
 State of Rhode Island, and 
 Representative for Sovereign 
 Grand Consistory. 
 The Most III.-. Bro . . Isaac Stall, Illustrious President, 
 
 « M n « John Brown, Grand Senior Warden, 
 u « " " Rioh'd Merrill, " Junior Warden, 
 „ <j « 11 Yfjs.. CoGGESHALL, " Secretary, 
 « » 11 " Stephen Deblois, '' Treasurer, 
 u « '< " James Perry, " Master of Ceremonies, 
 
 a u u 11 Edward Easton, " Keeper of the Seals, 
 » « " " Elisha Chase, " Captain of the Guards. 
 
 The following is a list of Members : 
 
 Wm. Douglass, Elisha Bliss, Pratt, D. M. Coggeshall, Wm. Davis, 
 and the Most Illustrious Brother Thomas Lownds, was appointed their 
 Representative near the Sovereign Grand Consistory at New York. 
 
290 SOOITISH KITE, ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED. 
 
 In the early part of this year, a reply was received from the Supreme 
 Grand Council of France, and with the reply, a fall and complete 
 acknowledgment by that body. The Supreme Grand Council of the 
 Thirty-third degree was, therefore, publicly proclaimed by the daily 
 papers, and the publication of a Tableau, containing a full list of the 
 Officers of the Supreme Council Thirty-third, and also the Officers of 
 the Sovereign Grand Consistory, with bodies deriving from the same. 
 (See copy in the Appendix, Document No. 20). 
 
 Prom this date may be reckoned the permanent foundation of this 
 Grand East, although the Supreme Council was founded at the same 
 time with the Sovereign Grand Consistory, viz., in 1807. The increase 
 of confidence among the Fraternity, derived from this recognition and 
 acknowledgment, caused a rapid increase of members both in this and 
 other States. 
 
 1813. A Petition was received from a number of brethren in Louisiana 
 (New Orleans), for the establishment of a Council of Princes of the 
 Royal Secret for that State, Thirty-second degree. The Petition was 
 granted, and the Council was established there on the 19th day of 
 June. It became a dependency of the Sovereign Grand Consistory. 
 
 The Most Illustrious Brother /. Pinard, was appointed Deputy 
 Inspector General for that State, and Representative for the Sovereign 
 Grand Consistory at New Orleans ; and the Most Illustrious Brother 
 James B. Durand, Representative for the Consistory of Louisiana near 
 the Sovereign Grand Consistory — New York. (For a full list of the 
 Officers, &c., see Appendix, Document No. 20). 
 
 It was during the early part of this year, that the news of the recog- 
 nition and acknowledgment by the Supreme Council of France, reached 
 the city of Charleston, South Carolina ; and Emanuel De La Motta 
 was deputized by the Supreme Council of that place to visit the city 
 of New York, and call to a strict account all who were concerned in 
 this unlawful proceeding. The result of his mission was not at all 
 satisfactory, whereupon he pretended to Constitute a Supreme Grand 
 Council of the Thirty-third degree, Ancient and Accepted Rite, the 
 particulars of which are given in the accompanying history. The 
 Consistory at Newport, Rhode Island, was duly Constituted January 
 23d of this year. 
 
 1814. A Petition was received from a Constitutional number of brethren 
 residing in Charleston, South Carolina, asking for the establishment 
 of a Grand Council of Sublime Princes of the Royal Secret Thirty- 
 second degree, for said State, which request was granted, and said 
 Council was formed. 
 
 The Most Illustrious Brother Peler Javain, was appointed Deputy 
 Inspector General for that State, and Representative for the Sovereign 
 
SUPREME COUNCIL— U. S. A. 291 
 
 Grand Consistory near that body ; and the Most Illustrious Brother 
 Jacob Schieffelin, was Constituted for that body a Representative near 
 the Sovereign Grand Consistory. Illustrious Brother Thomas W 
 Bacot, Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of that State, was its first 
 Presiding Officer— was succeeded by John S. Cogdell, Grand Senior 
 "Warden of the Grand Lodge ; and Hon. Joel R. Poinsett, of that 
 State, was one of its most active members. Immediately after the 
 founding of the Council, that body, at once formed and Constituted 
 a Sovereign Chapter of Rose Croix there, under the title of " Friends 
 of Peace." (For full list, see Appendix, Document No. 20.) 
 
 A Petition was also received from several brethren in Philadelphia, 
 asking for the Constitution of a Grand Council of Princes of the Royal 
 Secret for that State (Pennsylvania). The Petition was granted. 
 The Most Illustrious Brother A. J. Blocquerst, was appointed Deputy 
 Inspector General for Pennsylvania, and appointed as Representative 
 for the Sovereign Grand Consistory near that body ; and the Most 
 Illustrious Brother John W. Mulligan, was appointed Representative 
 for that body near the Sovereign Grand Consistory at New York. 
 (See list in Appendix, Document No. 20.) 
 
 The expulsion of Joseph Cerneau, DeWitt Clinton, John W. Mulli- 
 gan, and others, all of whom were declared to be " Impostobs," was 
 published. It was the act of Emanuel De La Motta. It brought 
 forth a reply from the Sovereign Grand Consistory, which appeared 
 to be conclusive, judging by its effects. In the latter part of the year, 
 a rej)lication, full of arrogance and abuse, was published by De La 
 Motta, but was not noticed. (They will be found word for word, in 
 the Appendix, Documents 17, 18, and 19.) 
 
 In consequence of the opposition manifested by the Supreme Council 
 of Charleston, the Sovereign Grand Consistory renewed the publication 
 of the Circular and Edict of 1812. As it was renewed from year to 
 year until 1816, ' a copy of it will be found by referring to the 
 Appendix, Document No. 20. 
 
 1816. In the early part of this year, a reply was received from the Grand 
 Orient of Prance. A difficulty had occurred in the Supreme Council 
 of Prance, in December 1812, arising from mis-representations made 
 to that body. They dissolved the connection with the Sovereign 
 Grand Consistory, whereupon application was made to the Grand 
 Orient. The reply contained a full recognition and acknowledgment 
 by that body. The Sovereign Grand Consistory named the Most 
 Illustrious Brother Germain Hacquet, President of the Supreme Coun- 
 cil of Rites and Sovereign Grand Commander of the Sovereign Grand 
 Consistory of the Grand Orient, as its Representative near that body 
 He was accepted, and proclaimed as such. And the Grand Orient of 
 France named the Most Illustrious Brother Jo.'<eph Cerneau, Represen- 
 
292 SCOTTISH KITE, ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED. 
 
 tative for the Grand Orient of France, Supreme Council of Rites and 
 Sovereign Grand Consistory, near the Sovereign Grand Consistory at 
 New York. These Representatives were continued by both bodies, 
 and the regular correspondence of the same passed through their 
 hands up to the year 1827. As soon as the acknowledgment was 
 received, notice was given in the public prints, and circulars were 
 addressed to all Masonic bodies in the two hemispheres, publishing the 
 fact. 
 
 1817. The Circular which was addressed to the various Masonic bodies 
 throughout the United States during the past year, brought under the 
 Inspection and Approval of the Sovereign Grand Consistory, the 
 following bodies, viz. . 
 
 Sov. Chap. P. R. Croix, " Triple Alliance," New York city, 
 
 " " " Friends of Peace," Charleston, S. C, 
 
 Grand Council S. P. R. S., State of New York, New York city, 
 " " " " Louisiana, New Orleans, 
 
 " " " " Rhode Island, Newport, 
 
 " " " " Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 
 
 " •■' " " Charleston, South Carolina. 
 
 The following Deputies Inspectors General, were confirmed for ike 
 several Slates: 
 The M .-. lU .-. Bro .-. J. Pinard, State of Louisiana, 
 
 " " John A. Shaw, " Rhode Island, 
 " " A. J. Blocquekst, " Pennsylvania, 
 " " Peteb Javain, '• South Carolina, 
 
 " " Louis Le Loup, " Maryland. 
 The Most Illustrious Brother J. J. Itter, Representative near the 
 
 Supreme Grand Council 
 of Grand Inspectors 
 General Thirty-third de- 
 gree, Island of Jamaica. 
 
 1818. The Sovereign Grand Consistory issued its Annuary again, with an 
 ofBcial list of bodies recognized by them. The title was as follows : 
 
 " List of the Grand Officers, Members, Honorary Members, &c., of 
 the Supreme Council of Grand Inspectors General of the Thirty-third 
 degree, and of the Sovereign Grand Consistory of Supreme Chiefs of 
 Exalted Masonry of the Ancient Constitutional Scottish Rite of 
 Heredom, for the United States of America, their Territories and 
 Dependencies, held in the city of New York ; also of the Constituted 
 bodies of its Jurisdiction, and of the Grand Bodies Correspondent, 
 Anno Lucius, 5818, 24 pages ; signed with a pen by each member of 
 
SUPREME COUNCIL— U. S. A. 293 
 
 the Greneral Committee of Administration, and stamped by the Grand 
 Keeper of the Seals." 
 
 Accompanying the same, was the Edict published the preceding 
 year. (See Appendix, Document 20.) 
 
 1819. The list of Officers of the Sovereign Grand Consistory was slightly 
 changed this year. The Most Illustrious Brother Aaron H. Palmer, 
 was elected Grand Chancellor in the place of A. Rainetaux ; Joseph 
 Bonchaud, Grand Secretary ; Harman Westervelt, 2d Assistant Grand 
 Secretary ; Elias Hicks, Grand Keeper of the Seals ; and Abraham 
 Lott, W. M., of Holland Lodge, Grand Hospitaller. In all other 
 respects, the offices were filled as before. 
 
 General harmony prevailed in the various subordinate bodies under 
 the Sovereign Grand Consistory, and those who had long and strenu- 
 ously opposed that body were now silenced, — inasmuch as all Masonic 
 bodies acknowledged its regularity both at home and abroad. 
 
 1820. In consequence of the Unmasonic proceedings of an Impostor by the 
 name of " Joseph De Glock de Ohernay," alias " D' Obernay De Glock," 
 who, under the pretence of his quality as a Sovereign Grand Inspector 
 General of the Thirty-third degree, had created members and erected 
 a Grand Consistory in places under this jurisdiction, where the proper 
 power had been previously conveyed, and also by conferring of his own 
 mere motion, the first three degrees of Ancient Masonry, and trans- 
 ferred the power of doing so to others within the jurisdiction of 
 regularly organized Grand Lodges, and in the vicinity of regularly 
 organized Lodges, the Sovereign Grand Consistory in its official 
 capacity, and under the Grand Seal of the body, issued an Edict 
 denouncing the above personage to all the Grand and Subordinate 
 bodies in the world as an Impostor. (See Appendix, Document 22.) 
 
 1821. This year the Most Illustrious Brother Joseph Cerneau, withdrew from 
 the Office of Sovereign Grand Commander, and the Hon. John W. 
 Mulligan succeeded him. Mr. Cerneau then took the title of " Hono- 
 rary Sovereign Grand Commander, ad vitam.'' 
 
 A most interesting and valuable correspondence was renewed with 
 the Grand Orient of Prance, through her Representative the Most 
 Illustrious Brother Germain Hacquet, near the Grand Orient, resulting 
 in the forwarding to this Supreme Council and Sovereign Grand Con- 
 sistory a renewal of fraternal greetings, a copy of the proceedings 
 of the Grand Orient of France, with a renewed letter of acknowledg- 
 ment, signed by the Officers and Members of Supreme Council of 
 Eites. 
 
 1822. In the month of September the Most Blustrious Brother Seth Driggs, 
 was appointed by the Sovereign Grand Consistory a Deputy Inspector 
 
294 SCOTTISH RITE, ANCIENT AND ACCEPTKD 
 
 General for the Island of Trinidad, and carried with him the necessary 
 powers for forming and constituting a Sovereign Grand Council of 
 Sublime Princes of the Eoyal Secret, together with subordinate bodies, 
 and also for the constituting a Grand Provisional Committee at Port 
 Spain, Island of Trinidad. (See Document No. 23, Appendix.) 
 
 This Council was regularly formed in that island, and Brother Driggs 
 acted in the capacity of Deputy Inspector General there, and Repre- 
 sentative of the Sovereign Grand Consistory in the United States, 
 near that body. 
 
 The Sovereign Grand Consistory also granted Patents for the for- 
 mation of Grand Councils of Sublime Princes of the Royal Secret 
 Thirty-second, and Capitulary Charters for Chapters of Rose Croix at 
 the following places, viz. : 
 
 Baltimore, State of Maryland, 
 
 Havanna, Island of Cuba, 
 
 Matagubz, Island of Porto Rico, 
 
 OUMANA, 1 
 
 Barcelona, [ Republic of Colombia. 
 La Guayra, ) 
 Appointing Deputy Inspectors General, residing in the above places, 
 as Representatives. (See Document No. 24, Appendix .) 
 
 1823. The Sovereign Grand Consistory completed this year the fittiffg up 
 of the Hall intended for its regular semi-monthly meetings. It was 
 situated in St. John's Hall, Frankfort street, and was finished in a 
 style which, in those days, was magnificent, and required a very 
 considerable expenditure. 
 
 During the preceding year, a very considerable excitement among 
 members of the Order, was created by the notorious Emanuel De La 
 Motta, through a man by the name of Joseph McCosh, whom he 
 afterwards made a member of the Supreme Council there. The oppo- 
 sition was arrayed against Peter Javain, Deputy Inspector General for 
 the State of South Carolina. It at last, found a place in the daily 
 papers there. The Sovereign Grand Consistory issued an Edict rela- 
 tive to the matter, which will be found in the (Appendix, Document 
 No. 24, and also Document No. 21.) 
 
 1824. On the 15th of August, the Marquis de Lafayette landed in New 
 Tork city, was received as the Nation's Guest, and during this year 
 was exalted by the Supreme Grand Council to the Thirty-third and 
 last degree of Masonry. 
 
 On the 22d of November the Sovereign Grand Consistory granted a 
 Capitulary Charter for a Sovereign Chapter of Princes of Rose Croix, 
 under the distinctive title of " Lafayette," for the valley of New York. 
 (Document No. 14.) 
 
SUPREME COUNCIL— U. S. A. 295 
 
 1825. An application was made during the month of January to the Sove- 
 reign Grand Consistory, by Richard S. Spofford, M. D., residing at 
 Newburyport, Mass., for exaltation, which request was granted. 
 And at a subsequent meeting of the Consistory, the Most Illustrious 
 Brother Richard S. Spofford was appointed Deputy Inspector General 
 for the State of Massachusetts, and clothed with full power to open 
 and constitute a Sovereign Chapter of Prince of Rose Croix, and 
 also to form a Grand Council of Sublime Princes of the Royal Secret 
 for that State. (See Document No. 25 .) 
 
 A Representative, and Deputy Inspector General for the State of 
 Virginia, was appointed this year. The Most Illustrious Brother 
 John P. Schisano, formerly Secretary General, removed to Norfolk, 
 Virginia, and filled the above appointment. 
 
 1826. There was nothing of importance which occurred during this year. 
 The work of the Order progressed as usual, many new members were 
 received ; and the present year may be considered as the period when 
 the Masonic Institution in the United States enjoyed unprecedented 
 popularity. 
 
 1827. The Anti-Masonic, or Morgan excitement, broke out in the early part of 
 this year, carrying desolation in its course ; and by the end of the 
 year had swept everything before it throughout the States of New 
 York, Vermont, New Hampshire, Connecticut, Massachusetts, Maine, 
 Pennsylvania, and some of the other States. All bodies which bore 
 the name of " Masonry " were dissolved. Lodges, Chapters, Coun- 
 cils, Encampments, &c., ceased to hold their meetings. Most of them 
 surrendered their Charters and Properties, and in some of the States 
 the meeting of a Masonic body for working purposes was made a seri- 
 ous offence against the laws, and punished with heavy penalties. The 
 Sovereign Grand Consistory sfiffered in common with other Masonic 
 bodies ; and it appears by the records, that its labors were brought to 
 a close, by common consent, on the 28th day of November of this 
 year. Much of the furniture and properties were removed from the 
 Consistory Room to the care of Illustrious Brother Lewis B. Timol&t 
 and Henry Marsh, who, with a few of the brethren, kept up the con- 
 stitutional meetings of the bodies for a considerable time after their 
 formal dissolution. 
 
 1828. The Sovereign Grand Consistory met with a most severe and heavy 
 loss in the death of the Hon. Dewitt Clinton, Sovereign Grand Com- 
 mander for the United States. He died in the month of February, at 
 Albany, the place of his residence. 
 
 1829, 1830, 1831 — Are blank years in all Masonic undertakings. 
 
296 SCOTTISH RITE, ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED. 
 
 1832. An effort was made this year, in the midst of the Anti-Masonic excitement, 
 
 to revive the work of the Sovereign (Jrand Consistory, by the Most Tllns- 
 trious Brother de St. Laurent. Marquis de Santa Rosa and Count, 
 Past Master, Sovereign Grand Inspector General Thirty-third, Bi- 
 Grand Commander ad vitam of the former Supreme Council of South 
 America, New Spain, &c., &c., who had arrived in New York, and who 
 proposed to gather together the fragments of the former body, and erect 
 a Supreme Council of the Thirty-third and last degree, under the dis- 
 tinct title of the " United Supreme Council for the Western Hemisphere." 
 The Most Illustrious Brother Elias Hicks, Ex-Grand Commander of 
 the former Supreme Council of the United States of America, ad vitam, 
 was constituted Sovereign Grand Commander ; and the offices were 
 filled, as far as possible, by the members of the old body. A fuU 
 list of which, together with all the active and honorary members, 
 foreign members, dependent and corresponding bodies, will be found in 
 the Appendix (Document No. 27). It was called " United," because 
 it entered into a Treaty of Alliance and Friendship with the Supreme 
 Grand Council of Terra Firma, New Spain, &c. For a full account of 
 this Union, see history, page 203, and Treaty in Appendix, Document 
 No. 27 and 28. During this year. Brother Leblanc de Marconnay, was 
 received. 
 
 1833. A proposition was made to the body to bring into it some of the mem- 
 bers of another body, which had styled itself a Supreme Grand Council 
 of the Thirty-third degree in New York city. This led to a great 
 deal of dissatisfaction among the members who had belonged to the 
 former body, and a very bad feeling was the consequence. Many 
 members withdrew, and the Council again began to decline. 
 
 The Patent for Leblanc de Marconnay, who was constituted a Sove- 
 reign Grand Inspector General Thirty-third degree, December 20, 
 1832, was issued in January. 
 
 Although some members were added, the public feeling against the 
 institution of Masonry did not decrease. And the efforts of members 
 to build up the Council were not attended with any great success. 
 The correspondence was kept up. 
 
 1834. On the 23d of February the Treaty of Alliance and Friendship was 
 drawn up and signed in Paris by the Representatives of the Councils 
 there assembled in a Masonic Congress, for that purpose. (See Ap- 
 pendix, Document No. 28.) The Marquis de Lafayette was the 
 Representative to the Supreme Council of Prance from the United 
 Supreme Council of the Western Hemisphere. 
 
 The news of the death of the Most Illustrious and P .-. Brother, the 
 Marquis de Lafayette, a former member of the Sovereign Grand 
 Oonsistory, and from the year 1832 the Represetative of the United 
 
SUPEBMB OOUNCIL_U. S. A. 297 
 
 Supreme Council near the Supreme Council of Prance, was received, 
 and a Committee appointed, in accordance with the following resolu- 
 tion : 
 
 " The Sovereign Grand Commander stated, that since the last sitting 
 of the United Supreme Council the melancholy intelligence of the 
 death of our Illustrious Brother and our Representative in the Supreme 
 Council of Prance, the Marquis General de Lafayette, had been 
 received through the medium of the public press. He accordingly, 
 availed himself of the present occasion, to call the attention of the 
 United Supreme Council to the subject, that such order might be 
 taken thereon, as would evince the deep and sincere sorrow felt by 
 them, under this severe and lamentable dispensation. Whereupon it 
 was ordered. 
 
 " That the Illustrious Brothers Velasquez, Longworth, and Bouchaud, 
 be a Committee to prepare and report proper resolutions expressive 
 of the grief felt by the United Supreme Council, on hearing that the 
 Most Potent and Illustrious Brother Lafayette, was no more, in order 
 that the same may be entered upon the minutes of its proceedings, and 
 a copy sent, with a suitable letter of condolence, to the family of the 
 deceased Illustrious Brother. 
 
 " The Illustrious Brother Count St. Laurent, who had returned to 
 Prance in 1833, then became the Representative, and filled the place 
 made vacant by the death of Lafayette." 
 
 The dissatisfaction of the members was on the increase. The resig- 
 nation of Miguel Cabrera de Nevarez, Assistant Grand Secretary for 
 Foreign Languages, was received and accepted, he being obliged to 
 return to Spain during the year. 
 
 1835. A Committee was appointed' to wait upon Brother Timolat, and 
 receive from him the properties of the Sovereign Grand Consistory, 
 which had been removed by him and other brethren for safe keeping, 
 in the year 1827, with power to pay all expenses which had accrued 
 upon the same. The Committee consisted of Illustrious Brothers 
 John Telfair, George Smith, and Thomas Longworth. 
 
 The meetings of Lafayette Chapter of Rose Croix were continued 
 under the Presidency of Ilustrious Brother Henry C. Atwood, assisted 
 by Brothers Wm. P. Piatt, Henry Marsh, and others, and a consider- 
 able number of new members from other bodies came in. 
 
 1836. On the 6th day of December the treaty of Alliance and Priendship 
 was ratified and signed in full Council, thus uniting the Supreme 
 Council of Prance with the Supreme Council of Belgium, the Supreme 
 Council of Brazil, and the United Supreme Council of the Western 
 Hemisphere. The spirit of this treaty was a Declaration of Indepen- 
 dence of the Rite, forbidding intermixture with any other rite what 
 
298 SCOTTISH BITE, ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED. 
 
 ever and toleration. This was deemed antagonistic to Ancient York 
 Masonry ; and as that system was about being revived, the United 
 Supreme Council declined. 
 
 1837. A year of unexampled misfortune. The mercantile world was in a 
 complete confusion, and Masonry was less thought of than at any 
 previous time. 
 
 A difficulty occurred this year between the Grand Lodge of the State 
 of New York and a large number of brethren, who were desirous of 
 celebrating the 25th of June or St. John's Festival, by a public pro- 
 cession. The consequent proceedings which grew out of this matter, 
 separated some of the members who owed allegiance to the Supreme 
 Council in Lafayette Rose Croix Chapter. Its meetings were con- 
 tinned, and out of it came a second Supreme Council and Consistory, 
 which continued until the Union in 1850. 
 
 1838. The furniture and fixtures of the Sublime Lodge of Perfection, Council 
 of Princes of Jerusalem, Sovereign Chapter of Rose Croix, and Sublime 
 Princes of the Royal Secret, were purchased from Illustrious Brother 
 Timolat, and paid for by Lafayette Chapter of Rose Croix. They were 
 removed to Union Hall. The regular meetings of the United Supreme 
 Council had ceased from want of numbers and want of interest, 
 
 1839. The popular feeling against Masonry began to subside, and some of the 
 Lodges throughout the State of New York resumed their labors. 
 There was but one meeting of the Supreme Council during the year. 
 Present, Illustrious Brothers Joseph Bouchaud, Francis Dubuar, and 
 five other brethren, most of the other members having dropped ofi'. 
 
 1840. There was but one formal meeting of the Supreme Council during this 
 year. The meetings of the Lafayette Chapter of Rose Croix were 
 continued. 
 
 1841 to 1846. The Minutes of the United Supreme Council show, that the 
 stated or constitutional meetings of the same were continued (annual), 
 up to 1846. Owing to various causes, the Council had dwindled down 
 to a very small number. On the 27th day of October, 1846, the final 
 meeting of the body was held, and the following Illustrious Brothers 
 were present, viz. : Joseph Bouchaud, President ; John Telfair, Greorge 
 Smith, John S. Mitchell, Assistant Secretary. 
 
 On motion of Brother Telfair, it was ordered that the funds of the 
 Supreme Council, in the hands of the Treasurer, be distributed 'pro 
 rata among the surviving members of the United Supreme Council, who 
 composed the body previous to the introduction of new members. 
 
 In accordance with this resolution. Illustrious Brother Bouchaud, 
 Treasurer General, then paid over $120 to Illustrious Brother George 
 
SUPREME COUNOIL-U. S. A. 299 
 
 Smith, Secretary General of Supreme Council, to be divided among 
 five brethren. Brother Bouchaud refusing to receive any part of the 
 same. 
 
 This date terminated the existence of this branch of the body as then 
 constituted, and it thereby came to an end. It was replaced by the 
 members who had retired at various times and took refuge in Lafayette 
 Rose Croix Chapter, together with those who were not associated with 
 any other body of Sublime Masons. 
 
 1848. During this year, a circular signed by J. J. J. Gourgaa and others 
 made its appearance, and was distributed to most of the Masonic bodies 
 in this country. The document pretended to emanate from a body of 
 men who styled themselves a Supreme Grand Council of the Thirty- 
 third degree, Ancient and Accepted Rite. It was not noticed by any 
 of the bodies to which it was sent. 
 
 1850. During this year, the difficulties which had existed between the two 
 Grand Lodges for a period of Thirteen years, were adjusted, a union 
 of the bodies took place, and the great obstacle, which had been the 
 means of preventing the full re-organization of the Supreme Grand 
 Council, was removed out of the way. Immediately after this union 
 was consummated, a meeting of some of the members of the Council 
 was held, and it was decided to go forward in the work. A Committee 
 was appointed to wait upon the old members, and if possible, to pro- 
 cure their attendance at a future meeting. As yet no complete organi- 
 zation was effected. 
 
 1851. In the month of June the Most Potent Sovereign Past Grand Comman- 
 der, Hon. John W. Mulligan, visited the Supreme Council, confirmed 
 the proceedings of the brethren, and pressed upon them the necessity of 
 a complete organization under a proper head. This organization was 
 soon after effected, and a full account of the same will be found in the 
 history ; also Document No. 32. Appendix. 
 
 The correspondence with various Supreme Councils was this year 
 renewed, and several petitions were received for the re-organization of 
 subordinate bodies. The publication of the circular brought forth two 
 Edicts, viz., one from the Gourgas body, and one from the Charleston 
 body, denouncing the whole of the members as " Impostors." 
 
 1853. In consequence of prolonged ill health. Illustrious Brother Jeremy 
 L. Cross resigned his office as Sovereign Grand Commander, and re- 
 moved his residence to New Hampshire. Illustrious Brother Salem 
 Town, also resigned his office. 
 
 In accordance with the petition of members of Jerusalem Chapter 
 Sovereign Prince of Rose Croix, that Chapter was re-organized and 
 
300 SCOTTISH RITE, ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED. 
 
 again commenced its labors ; also Lafayette Chapter, under the old 
 warrant of 1824. 
 
 Several communications were received during this year from the 
 Supreme Grand OouncU of Louisiana, and in the month of July the 
 Grand Commander Illustrious Brother James Foulhouze, presented 
 himself as a Deputy from that Supreme Cooncil, with proper creden- 
 tials, and was received in due form. 
 
 Being about to re-organize the Coancil, in consequence of the 
 resignation of the Grand Commander, the Most Puissant Brother 
 
 Foulhouze then installed lUustrious Brother Henry C. At wood as 
 Sovereign Grand Commander, with the other officers elect. 
 
 A Treaty of Union was entered into between the two Supreme 
 Councils, and Illustrious Brother Foulhouze shortly after, sailed for 
 France. 
 
 1853. During the early part of this year, the Soyereign Chapter Prince of 
 Eose Croix, by title "La Sincerite," (French), deriving from the 
 Supreme Council of Louisiana, came under the jurisdiction of the 
 Supreme Council of New Tork. 
 
 Two petitions were received for Symbolic Lodges, one for the English 
 ritual, the other for the French, which petitions were granted. The 
 French Lodge " La Sincerite," was soon after constituted in due 
 form. 
 
 Brother H. Billet having been proposed as a member of the Supreme 
 Council and favorably reported upon, was received in due form, and 
 constituted and proclaimed a Sovereign Grand Inspector General of 
 the Thirty-third degree ; also Brother Gnstav. Coutant, having been 
 previously proposed, examined, and reported upon favorably, was ele- 
 vated to the dignity of Sovereign Grand Inspector General of the 
 Thirty-third degree, and constituted a member of the Supreme 
 Council. 
 
 In the early part of the year the Most Potent and Illustrious Brother 
 General T. C. De Mosquera, of New Grenada, was received in ample 
 form by the Supreme Council, and the most friendly congratulations 
 were exchanged . 
 
 In the mouth of October a reply was received from the Supreme 
 Council of New Grenada, forming an alliance with the Supreme Coun- 
 cil of New York, and appointing Llustrioos Brother Henri Billet 
 Eepresentative for the Grand Orient and Supreme Council of New 
 Grenada near the Supreme Council of New Tork. 
 
 On the 1st day of January the Illustrious Brother Leblanc de 
 Marconnay, Orator to the Chamber of Council and of Appeals, Grand 
 Orient of France, was elected an honorary member of the Supreme 
 Coancil of New York, and a Diploma forwarded to him to that effect. 
 
SUPREME COUNCIL— U. S. A. 301 
 
 In consequence of difficulties arising among the German brethren, 
 the Illustrious Brother Edward Unkart, tendered his resignation as an 
 officer of the Council, which was accepted. 
 
 1854. In the early part of this year, the resignation of Illustrious Brother 
 Eugene Vatet was received, also his withdrawal from the Council, 
 also the resignation of Illustrious Brothers Dezelua and RouUier, and 
 their withdrawal. 
 
 Some difficulties and dissensions having arisen in Lodge La Sincerite 
 No. 2, the labors of that Lodge were suspended, and the said Lodge 
 subsequently withdrew from the jurisdiction of the Supreme Council, 
 and placed itself under the jurisdiction of the Grand Lodge of the State 
 of New York. 
 
 1855. In consequence of the numerous resignations, an Election of Officers 
 took place, and the new incumbents were installed in due form. 
 
 A petition was received from Ten brethren, asking to be initiated in 
 the various bodies, in order that they might form a Lodge of Perfec- 
 tion, Council of Princes of Jerusalem, Sovereign Chapter of Rose 
 Croix, Council of Kadosch, and Council of Sublime Princes of the 
 Royal Secret. After proper examination, and the usual inquiries, the 
 petition was favorably acted upon, and the brethren referred to the 
 proper bodies to receive their degrees. 
 
 By the month of July, the brethren having completed their initia- 
 tions, warrants of Constitution were granted for a, Sublime Lodge of 
 Perfection, Council of Princes of Jerusalem, Sovereign Chapter Prince 
 of Rose Croix, Council of Kadosch, and Council of Sublime Princes of 
 the Royal Secret ; and all the above bodies were duly constituted. 
 
 A petition was also received from Thirteen brethren, asking for a 
 warrant of Constitution for a Grand Council of Princes of the Royal 
 Secret Thirty-second degree. Most of the applicants being members 
 of the Sublime Lodge of Perfection, Council of Princes of Jerusalem, 
 and Sovereign Chapter of Rose Croix, under the title of " Jei-usalem," 
 and they being desirous of connecting the same with the above Coun- 
 cil, the warrant was granted, and the Council was constituted in due 
 form, in the mouth of August. 
 
 1856. During this year, Illustrious Brother Seth Driggs, Sovereign Grand 
 Inspector General, and Grand Commander of the Grand Consistory, 
 Island of Trinidad, renewed his membership with the Supreme Coun- 
 cil, and deposited his former Commission with the same. 
 
 Also Illustrious Brother Richard S. Spoffijrd, M. D., Deputy Inspec- 
 tor General for the State of Massachusetts, renewed his membership 
 with the Supreme Council, and deposited his commission with the same 
 for renewal. 
 
302 SCOTTISH RITE, ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED. 
 
 Applications were also received from the State of Maine and New 
 Hampshire, for the establishment of the various bodies in those 
 
 States. 
 
 " From the period last named ontil 1859, there were no changes in 
 the membership of the Supreme Council, with the exception of the 
 admission of Dlastrious Brother William H. Jarvis, who was appointed 
 Grand Commander of the Guard ; and indeed though the annual ses- 
 sions were regularly held, the transactions were not of importance, 
 if the year 1857 be excepted, when a recognition, &c., &c., of this 
 Supreme Council was received from the Supreme Council of Belgium. 
 "In the latter part of September, 1860, the Most Illustrious Brother 
 Henry C. Atwood, Sovereign Grand Commander, died at his residence 
 in the State of Connecticut. In the month of October following, the 
 announcement of that event was made at a meeting of the Supreme 
 Council, when lUastrions Brother Edmund B. Hays, P .-. Lieutenant 
 Grand Commander became Most Potent Sovereign Grand Comman- 
 der ; Illustrious Brother Hopkins Thompson, P.-. Lieutenant Grand 
 Commander ; Ulustrions Brother Geo. L. Osborn, Grand Secretary 
 Greneral of the H. E. ; lUustrious Brother Benjamin C. Leveridge, 
 Grand Minister of vState ; Illustrious Brother Robert E. Roberts, 
 Grand Treasurer Greneral, H. E. ; lUustrious Brother Harry J. 
 Seymour, Grand Master of Ceremonies. 
 
 "In 1861, Illustrious Brother Daniel Sickles became Grand Secretary 
 General of H. E., in place of Illustrious Brother Osborn resigned ; Il- 
 lustrious Brother Henry C. Banks, Grand Marshall, and Illustrious 
 Brother John Innes Grand, Standard Bearer. 
 
 "The Supreme Council at the commencement of this year (1862) was 
 composed of the following Illustrions Brethren : 
 
 Edmund B. Hats, Most Potent Sovereign Grand Commander, 
 Hopkins Thompson, P .-. Lieutenant Grand Commander, 
 Benj. C. Leveetoqe, Grand Orator and Grand Minister of State, 
 Daniel Sickle, " Chancellor, " Secretary G .-. of the 
 
 H. B., and Keeper of the S .•. and A .•. 
 EoBEBT B. RoBEBTS, " Treasurer General of the H. B 
 Henby C. Banes, " Marshall, 
 
 Heney J. SEYMonB, " Master of Ceremonies, 
 John Innes, " Standard Bearear, 
 
 William H. Jaevis, " Commander of Guards. 
 "On the 17th of January, 1862, the venerable Patriarch the Most 
 IllnstriouB Brother John W. Mulligan, who with the lUnstrious 
 Brother Joseph Cemeau was one of the founders of the Sove- 
 reign Grand Consistory in 1807, and Supreme Council in 1812, 
 and who at the last annual meeting of the latter body, a short time 
 
SUPREME COUNCIL— U. S. A. 303 
 
 previonB to his decease, was present during its deliberations, in the 
 94th year of his age, and in the full possession of his intellectnal 
 faculties, was relieved of his earthly labors, for a better and more en- 
 during Council on High. 
 
 " On the 23d of same month, the Supreme Council convened at the 
 city of Trenton, New Jersey, constituted a Grand Consistory for that 
 State, and installed the following Illustrious Brothers as officers : 
 "Thomas J. Corson, M. D., (Grand Senior Warden of the Grand 
 Lodge, Grand High Priest of the Grand Chapter, and Grand Com- 
 mander of the Grand Commandery of the State,) Commapder-in- 
 Ohief; George B. Edwards, Deputy Commander-in-Chief; Joseph 
 H. Hough, (Grand Secretary of the Grand Lodge,) 1st Lieutenant 
 Commander ; Wm. T. Woodruff, 2d Lieutenant Commander ; Wm. E. 
 Stagg, Grand Minister of State; Keuben S. Van Tassell, Grand 
 Chancellor ; John Woolverton. M. D., (Grand Secretary of the Grand 
 Chapter,) Grand Secretary ; S. E. Terrell, Grand Treasurer ; Wm. 
 R. Clapp, Grand Keeper of Seals ; Wm. Armstrong, Grand Engi- 
 neer ; W. T. Nicholson, Grand Hospitaller ; James B. Emerson, 
 Grand Master of Ceremonies ; Charles Bechtel, Grand Captain of 
 Guards ; John P. Nelson, Grand Standard Bearer ; A. P. Howell, 
 Grand Sentinel. 
 
 "The interesting ceremonies incident to the above organization 
 were greatly heightened by the presence of Illustrious Brothers 
 David Naar, and Thomas W. Satterthwaite, Sovereign Grand Inspec- 
 tors General, — signers of the ratification of the Triple Treaty of 
 Alliance between the Supreme Councils of Prance and Brazil and this 
 Supreme body in 1836, emeritus members of this Council, who parti- 
 cipated in the proceedings. 
 
 On the 3d day of May, 1862, in compliance with the petition of a 
 constitutional number of Illustrious Brothers, who had previously 
 received their degrees from the Sovereign Grand Consistory, New 
 Tork city, the Officers of the Supreme Grand Council for the United 
 States of America, their Territories and Dependencies, proceeded 
 to Boston, Massachusetts, for the purpose of constituting a Grand 
 Consistory, Thirty-second degree, for that State, and installing the 
 Offioers of the same. The ceremonies were of the most interesting 
 character. 
 
 ThefMawing is a list of the Officers installed : 
 
 Illustrious Brothers, 
 Gilbert J. Noursb, Cambridge, Grand Commander-inrCkief. 
 
 John K. Hall, Somerville, Deputy Grand Commander. 
 
 Richard M. Barker, Boston, 2d Lieut. Grand Commander. 
 
 Wm. p. Knowles, Cambridgeport, \st Lieut. Grand Commander. 
 
304 
 
 SCOTTISH RITE, ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED. 
 
 Illnstrions Brothers. 
 
 Bich'd S. Spofford Jr., Newbnryp't 
 
 Nicholas Hathaway, Dorchester, 
 ELrau C. Baker, Medford, 
 Albion K. P. Welch, Cambridge, 
 Rob't Lewis Davis. Watertown, 
 Weabe B. Bickfoed, Brighton, 
 James R. Gardner, Boston, 
 James E. Bugbke, Somerville, 
 Daniel W. Lawrence, Medford, 
 
 la.-.Min.: of State, 
 and Cfrand Orator. 
 Grand Chancellor, 
 " Secretary, 
 " Treasurer, 
 " Engineer and Int. 
 " Hospitaller, 
 " Master of Ceremonies, 
 " Captain of the Guards, 
 " Sentinel. 
 
 MEMBERS : 
 Benj. F. Nourse, p. M., Grand Lecturer for Mass, 
 John D. Jennings, P. M., 
 L. MnBGE, P. M., and "W". P. BnTTERFiRXD, P. M. 
 
 For list of Officers, Active, and Honorary Members of the Supreme 
 Grand Oonncil for the United States of America, see Document No. 
 41. 
 
CHAPTER ELEVENTH. 
 AN EPITOME OF EVENTS, AND OCCURRENCES, 
 
 Directly, or indirectly connected with the " Site " — very full, and extend- 
 ing from the year 1700 to the year 1862, derived from various authors 
 who have written upon the subject. 
 
 2. S. 
 
 1700. Masonry, in any of its forms, entirely unknown in France. Nor were 
 charters or warrants of constitution known in England or Scotland, 
 it being lawful for all Master Masons to congregate and open a Lodge, 
 by recording their intention before a Justice of the Peace. (Preston, 
 page 304.) 
 
 1717. February. The first Grand Lodge was formed by Four Lodges meet- 
 ing in London, which bodies constituted themselves into a Grand 
 Lodge pro tern. At this convocation the Law was established, that 
 the privilege for assembling Masons, " which had hitherto been unlim- 
 ited." should be vested in certain Lodges, and assemblies of Masons, 
 convened in certain places ; and that every Lodge to be hereafter con- 
 vened should be legally authorized to act by a " warrant " from the 
 Grand Master, granted to certain individuals by " Petition.'' with the 
 consent and approbation of the Grand Lodge in communication, and 
 that without such warrant no Lodge was regular or constitutional. 
 (Preston and others.) 
 
 1722. The celebrated " Constitutions of Masonry " known as " Anderson's 
 Constitutions," adopted by the Grand Lodge of England. 
 
 1725. The first Masonic Lodge known in France, was instituted at Paris by 
 Lord Derwenwater. Markelyne, D'Hegnetty, and some other English 
 brethren. It was chartered by the Gi'and Lodge of England, and 
 worked in Three degrees. 
 
 1729. Masonry introduced into the Bast Indies in Three degrees, by the 
 Grand Lodge of England. 
 
 1730. The " Primitive Scottish Rite," of ChevaUer Eamsay, was introduced 
 into France by " himself," and consisted of the Three Blue degrees 
 and Three others. Prichard's celebrated book called '■ Masonry 
 Dissected." was published in London ; and, subsequently, passed through 
 many editions. Masonry was first introduced into Ireland by the 
 Grand Lodge of England in Three degrees. 
 
306 SCOTTISH RITE, ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED. 
 
 1731. Masonry was first introduced at the Hague, also into Prussia and 
 Spain from England, in Three degrees, during this year. 
 
 1733. The first Master's Lodge was chartered in Boston by the Grand 
 Lodge of England, out of which grew the Provincial Grand Lodge 
 chartered by the Grand Lodge of England, by title " St. John's Grand 
 Lodge." 
 
 1734. June 24th. The first Masters Lodge chartered in Philadelphia 
 Penn., by the St. John's Grand Lodge of Mass., Benjamin Pranklin^ 
 W. M. 
 
 1736. December 24th. The Pour Lodges existing at Paris unite and elect 
 Lord Harnsnester as Grand Master. The Chevalier Ramsay acts as 
 Orator to the Assembly. At this meeting, the Grand Lodge adcypts 
 Ramsay's " Primitive Scottish Rite." The rite in this year was in- 
 creased One degree, maljing Seven, viz. . Ecossai, Novice, and 
 Knight of the Temple, with the new degree added. The first Masters 
 Lodge, Constituted in South Carolina, by the Earl of London, G. M. 
 of G. L. of England, called " Solomon's Lodge No. 1. 
 
 1737. The first Provincial Grand Lodge in the State of New Tork was 
 chartered during this year by the Grand Lodge of England. 
 
 1738. June 24th. The Duke d'Antin elected Grand Master of France. 
 
 1739. Serious difficulties arise in the Grand Lodge of England, causing a 
 large number of the members to secede and to take to themselves the 
 name of " Ancients. They give the name " Modern ' to the Grand 
 Lodge which they have left. This year Masonry was first introduced 
 into Switzerland, and spreads with great rapidity there. 
 
 1740. A serious rupture takes place between the Grand Lodge at Tork and 
 the Grand Lodge of England (London.) 
 
 1743. The Grand Iiodge assumes the title of " English Grand Lodge of 
 France." The Count of Clermont is elected Grand Master. It was 
 working under a charter from the Grand Lodge of England. 
 
 At this time the degree of " Knight of the Sun " was manufactured, 
 also the degree of " Kadosch " was invented by the Masons of Lyons, 
 under the title of " Petit Elu.'' The Jesuits also concocted and put 
 together the degree of " Knights of the Rose Croix." 
 
 1744. The Count of Clermont left the Lodges to take care of themselves, and 
 appointed first, Baure, a Banker, and afterwards Lacorne, a Dancing 
 Master, a Special Deputy, thus putting the whole Order in his hands. 
 Disorders of every kind invaded Masonry. Charters became merchan- 
 dise, new degrees swarmed like flies, Restaurateurs bought Masterships 
 for life, and " everybody " sold degrees. The followers of Charles 
 
SUPREME COUNOIL-U. S. A. 307 
 
 Edward Stuart, the Son of the Pretender, opened Lodges without 
 authority. 
 
 1747. Charles Edward Stuart, the son of the Pretender, on the 15th of April, 
 founded the Primordal Chapter of Arras, under the distinctive title of 
 " Ecosse Jacobite." This was the first chapter, or centre of the High 
 degrees in Prance. 
 
 174S. The Rite " Be la Vieille Brue,'' or of the Faithful Scotsman, was 
 established at Toulouse, in Prance. 
 
 1750. The Lodge of St. John of Scotland (St. Jean d' Ecosse), was founded at 
 Marseilles by a travelling Mason. This Lodge, previous to the French 
 Revolution, took the title of '■ Mother Lodge of Marseilles," and after- 
 wards of ■■ Scottish Mother Lodge of France." Their rite was termed 
 the " Scottish Philosophic Rite." It consisted of Eighteen degrees, the 
 first three being the Symbolic degrees, and the Eighteenth the " Knight 
 of the Sun." Some authors state this to be 1751. August 12th, 
 Hiram Lodge No. 1, New Haven, Conn., was chartered by the Pro- 
 vincial St. John's Grand Lodge of Mass. 
 
 1752. A power of the High degrees was established under the pompous title 
 of " Sovereign Council Sublime Scottish Mother Lodge of the Grand 
 French Globe." It was afterwards called, or rather called itself, 
 " Sovereign Council, Sublime Mother Lodge of the Excellents of the 
 Grand French Globe." The " Council of the Emperors of the East 
 and West " assumed that title in 1780. November 30th, the first 
 Masters Lodge was chartered in Boston, Mass., by the " Chrand Lodge 
 of Ancients " iu London, which afterwards became " St. Andrew's 
 Grand Lodge," by Provincial Charter from that Grand Lodge. 
 
 1753. The Royal Arch degree, previously imported from France, was adopted 
 in England by the " Grand Lodge of Ancients" (Athol), but rejected 
 by the " Grand Lodge of Moderns, (G. L. of England.) 
 
 1754. The Chevalier de Bonneville established a Chapter of the High degrees 
 at Paris, styled the " Chapter of Clermont." Martinez Pascalis, 
 established his Rite of the " Elus Coens." He carried it to Paris in 
 1767. Martinism grew out of it. 
 
 1756. The " Grand Lodge of France " declared its independence and dropped 
 the word " English," (Anglaise,) out of its title. It had worked 
 hitherto, up to this date, under a Charter from the Grand Lodge of 
 England, in the Symbolic degrees (the high degi'ees of Ramsay on its 
 own account.) It now became the " Grand Lodge of France," revised 
 its Constitution, and adopted New Regulations, declaring that it 
 would recognize the Three degrees of Apprentice, Fellow Craft, and 
 
308 SCOTTISH RITE, ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED. 
 
 Master ordy. Hitherto the Scottish Philosophic Rite of Ramsay, 
 which had been adopted 1736, was worked in that body. 
 
 1757. The Order of " Noachites, m Prussian Knights;' was introduced in 
 Paris, by M. de St. Grelaire. The Provincial Grand Lodge for South 
 Carolina was chartered this year. A Masters Lodge chartered in 
 New York oity by the title of " St. John'\" 
 
 1758. Certain Masons, styling themselves " Prinoes and Grand Officers of 
 the Grand and Sovereign Lodge of St. John at Jerusalem," founded 
 at Paris, a " Chapter of Emperors of the East and West." It consisted 
 of Twenty-five degrees, divided into Seven Classes. It was formed 
 from the ruins of the " Chapter of Clermont," founded in 1754, by the 
 Chevalier de Bonneville. The First Chapter of Royal Arch Masons 
 in the United States was authorized this year, the power to confer 
 that degree being granted to a Blue Lodge by the Orand Lodge of 
 Pennsylvania. 
 
 A second Masters Lodge was chartered in Pennsylvania by the 
 Grand Lodge of Ancient York Masons, styled '^ No. 2." 
 
 1759. A " Council of Princes of the Royal Secret " was founded at Bordeaux, 
 by the Chapter of the Emperors of the East and West at Paris. 
 
 1761. Lacome, the dancing master, Special Deputy of the Grand Master, and 
 as such, real head of the Order, enraged because the Grand Lodge 
 refused to recognize him and its members to sit with them, established 
 a new Grand Lodge. Both Grand Lodges granted Charters, and the 
 Council of the Emperors of the East and West, constituted at Paris, 
 and throughout Prance, Lodges and Chapters. The old Grand Lodge 
 denounced the "faction Lacorne,'' which, nevertheless, continued to 
 thrive. In the midst of all this, viz., in 1761, August 27th, Stephen 
 Morin was commissioned. His Patent styles him as " Deputy Grand 
 Inspector." 
 
 1762. Lacorne, the dancing master, a member of the Council of the Emperors 
 of ilie East and West, and a Tailor, named " Pirlet," set up a new 
 body in 1762, styled " Council of the Knights of the East," with a rite 
 opposed to the Templar system of the Emperors of the Bast and 
 West. This body was formed July 22d. 
 
 On the 21st of September the Council of the Emperors of the Bast 
 and West published a list of the degrees administered by it instituted a 
 Council of Prinoes of the Royal Secret at Bordeaux, where the rite 
 was examined and arranged, and nine Commissioners, part from the 
 Council of the Emperors, and part from the Council of Princes settled 
 at Bordeaux, the Regulations of the Masonry of Perfection in Thirty- 
 five articles. The Count of Clermont revokes the appointment of 
 Lacorne, and appoints Challon de Joinville as his substitute. 
 
SUPREME COUNCIL— U. S. A. 309 
 
 1764. A Provincial Grand Lodge in Pennsylvania was chartered this year 
 by the Grand Lodge of England, which continued its operations in 
 that State until the Revolution. 
 
 1765. The members of the former Grand Lodge of Lacorne retire from the 
 Grand Lodge, in consequence of the Election of Officers on the the 2d 
 June. 
 
 1766. August 17th. The Grand Lodge of France, in which the Council of 
 Emperors had its Chamber, and was in union with the same, 
 annulled the Patent of Stephen Morin, and appointed W. Brother 
 Martin to fill his place. (Ragon.) 
 
 The " Rose Croix rectified of Schroeder," established- at Marburg, in 
 Hesse Cassel. Thory, and other authors state : " The Grand Lodge 
 of Prance in 1766, refused a Chamber for the Scottish degrees, 
 and undertook to suppress them. The Council of Emperors of the 
 East and West, the Chapter of Clermont, the Chapter of Arras, the 
 Council of Bordeaux, the Philosophic Mother Lodges, and the Scottish 
 Directories, were all rival powers to the Grand Lodge. 
 
 1767. The Grand Lodge of Prance is closed by order of the Government, 
 and does not resume its labors until 1771. 
 
 The Sublime Grand Lodge of Perfection said to have been established 
 at Albany, New York, by Francken. (Address of Giles Fonda 
 Yates, 1851.) 
 
 1770. The " Primitive Scottish Rite " established at Namur in Thirty-three 
 degrees. 
 
 1771. Death of the Count de Clermont. The Duke de Ohartres elected 
 Grand Master. June 21st, the Grand Lodge of France resumes its 
 labors. Provincial Grand Lodge for North Carolina, Chartered by 
 the Grand Lodge of Scotland. 
 
 1772. Grand Orient of France instituted. 
 
 The " Council of the Emperors of the East and West " was merged 
 into the Grand Orient by Concordat, and with the Grand Lodge of 
 Prance. (See Treaty, Appendix, Document No. 2.) The Grand 
 Orient at this time wore the title of " National Grand Lodge." 
 
 1773. The " Rite of PhiMethes," founded at Paris, by Salvalette de Langes 
 and others. 
 
 On the 27th December, the " National Grand Lodge " (Grand Orient) 
 declared that it would thenceforward, work in Symbolic Masonry 
 alone ; and forbade the Lodges to go beyond the Third degree in their 
 labors. They appointed a Committee to revise the " High degrees." 
 The Lodges were requested to suspend all labor in the High degrees, as 
 the Grand Orient itself did. 
 
310 SCOITISH RITE, ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED. 
 
 1774 December 27th. The Grand Lodge of France assumes the title of 
 •• Sole and Only Grand Orient of France." 
 
 Three Directories of the " Reformed Rite of Dresden " are established 
 at Lyons, Bordeaux, and Strasbourg. 
 
 Francken established the Eoyal Orders in Jamaica. He continued 
 at their head for several years, after which they fell asleep and laid 
 dormant. 
 
 1776. The " Philosophical Scottish Rite," instituted at Paris by Boileau, a 
 
 Physician, and worked until 1826, and in Belgium ever since. 
 A Treaty of Union between the Grand Orient and the three Scottish 
 Directories at Lyons, Bordeaux, and Strasboarg, was entered into. 
 April 2d. The " Scottish Mother Lodge of France,'' (Philosophical 
 Bite,) was established at Paris under the title of " Control Social." 
 August 18th. The Mother Lodge of the " Contrat Vennaissin," in- 
 corporated in the Mother Lodge of the Philosophical Rite at Paris. 
 The Grand Lodge for the State of Georgia constituted. 
 
 1777. The Holy Royal Arch degree, manufactured by the Chev. Ram- 
 say, and adopted in 1753 by the Grand Lodge of Ancients, as the 
 Fourth degree of Masonry, was this year adopted by the " Modems " 
 in Grand Lodge. 
 
 1778. The Grand Lodge for the State of Virginia was formed. 
 
 1779. The rite of the " EUa of Truih " created. The Grand Chapter of 
 England was established during this year. 
 
 1780. The " Primitive Scottish Rite,'" or Philadelphi, founded at Narbonne, 
 and united with the Grand Orient in 1806. 
 
 The " Council of the Emperors of the East and West " assumes the 
 title of " Siiilime Scottish Mother Lodge of the Grand French Globe, 
 Sovereign Grand Lodge of France." The " Scottish Chapter of Arras!' 
 instituted a Rose Croix Chapter, under the title of "Arras of the Val- 
 ley of Paris." Unites with the Grand Orient in 1801. 
 
 1781. Concordat between the Grand Orient and the Mother Lodge of the 
 Philosophical Rite. The Grand Orient created within itself a cham- 
 ber of the High degrees, which labored at a revision of them, and 
 in 1786 reported " Four," viz. : Elu, Ecossais, Knight of the East, 
 and Rose Croix. These were adopted by the Grand Orient, to be 
 worked in addition to the Three Symbolic d^ees ; and it thereupon 
 decreed that no others should be worked in the Lodges or Chapters 
 under its jurisdiction. The Seven d^rees thus arranged, have since 
 been practiced by the Grand Orient, and are known all over the world 
 as the " Modem French Rite." 
 
 A so-called ■' Convention of Inspectors " was held at Philadelphia. 
 
SUPREME COUNCIL—U. S. A. 311 
 
 The members were Solomon Bush, Inspector for Pennsylvania ; Isaac 
 da Costa, for the West Indies and North America ; Simon Nathan, 
 for North Carolina ; Samuel Myers, for Leeward Islands ; Barend M. 
 Spitzer, for Georgia ; Thomas Randal, for New Jersey. (A goodly 
 company.) At the Convention, Barend M. Spitzer, received his 
 Patent as a, Sublime Prince of the Royal Secret, dated June 25th. 
 Sept. 5th. A Provincial Grand Lodge for the State of New York, 
 chartered by the Grand Lodge of Ancients, under the Duke of Athol. 
 
 1782. The " RectiHed Rite " was established in Prance. 
 
 July 2d. Abraham Jacobs initiated in St. Andrew's Lodge, Boston, 
 and passed to a Fellow Craft. His Diary states, that some time subse- 
 quently, he was raised to a Master Mason in Lodge No. 1, Charleston, 
 South Carolina. 
 
 1783. The "' Eclectic Rite," established in Germany and Switzerland. 
 
 The '' System of Swedenborg " introdubed at Paris by the Marquis 
 de Prome. 
 
 1784. The " Grand Chapter General of France " came into existence. 
 
 1786. The Grand Orient established the Modern French Rite of Seven 
 degrees, which contain the substance of the first Eighteen degrees of 
 the Rite of Perfection. It rejected all above the Eighteenth degree. 
 The Scottish Directories, which by the treaty of 1776 with the Grand 
 Orient, had the exclusive working and administration of the Reformed 
 Rite, still continued to work. The Mother Lodge of the Scottish 
 Philosophical Rite, the Chapter of Arras, and several other bodies 
 were independent. 
 
 Feb. 27th. The Grand Chapter General of Prance united with the 
 Grand Orient. Dec. 18th. The Grand Lodge for the State of New 
 Jersey formed. Sept. 25th. The Provincial Grand Lodge of Penn- 
 sylvania closed sine die, and the Grand Lodge for the State of 
 Pennsylvania organized. 
 
 1787. May Ist. Abraham Jacobs initiated into the Inefiable degrees. 
 Sublime Lodge, Charleston, South Carolina. The Grand Lodge of 
 Ancient York Masons, for South Carolina formed. April 17th. The 
 Grand Lodge of Maryland formed. The Grand Chapter of Herodim, 
 and the Chapter of Rose Croix of Ramsay established in England. 
 
 1788. Feb. 20th. The Grand Council Princes of Jerusalem was opened in 
 the city of Charleston by three Inspectors, Myers, Spitzer, and 
 Forst. The Grand Lodge of North Carolina formed. 
 
 1789. Moses Cohen raised to "Knight of the Sun" by Moses Michael 
 Hays, Philadelphia. The Grand Lodge of New Hampshire formed. 
 The Grand Lodge of Connecticut formed. 
 
312 SCOTTISH RITE, ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED. 
 
 1790. Masonry in Prance in a languishing condition. 
 
 Moses Cohen goes to Kingston, Jamaica to renew the Sublime 
 degrees. Abraham Porst also goes there. They there establish a 
 Consistory, the degrees having " died out." Abraham Jacobs remoTes 
 from Charleston to Jamaica. He meets with Cohen and Forst there, 
 who promote him to '■ Knight of the Sun.'' He returns in same year 
 to Savannah, Georgia, bringing with bim full powers from these " tioo," 
 to Enter, Pass, Raise, and Exalt, to the Sublime degrees. 
 
 Pierre le Barbiere Plessis, made Deputy Inspector by Angustug 
 Provost, in Philadelphia. 
 
 1791. The Grand Lodge of Prance suspends its labors, and its members dis- 
 perse. June 25th. The Grand Lodge of Rhode Island formed. 
 
 1792. Abraham Jacobs^ who had arrived at Savannah from Jamaica, begins 
 the work of conferring the Sublime degrees there. Commences in 
 earnest at Augusta, Georgia. A Union of both Grand Lodges 
 (Ancient and Modern,) in the State of Massachusetts, and a regular 
 Grand Lodge for that State formed. 
 
 1794. Jan. 12th. Moses Cohen granted a Patent to Hyman Isaac Long, 
 as Sublime Prince of the Royal Secret, and Deputy Inspector General. 
 The Grand Lodge of Vermont formed. 
 
 1795. A few Lodges began again to revive in Prance. 
 
 April 2d. John Mitchell received his Patent from Barend M. 
 Spitzer, as a Sublime Prince of the Royal Secret, and Deputy Inspec- 
 tor General. 
 
 Rose Croix Chapter (Triple Union) Right of Herodim, founded in 
 New York city by a few Prench refugees from St. Domingo. 
 
 1796. The " system of Fessler " was established. 
 
 Nov. 12th. Hyman Isaac Long conferred the degree of Sublime 
 Prince of the Royal Secret, and gave a Patent to Count Alexandre 
 Francois August de Grasse TiUy, De La Hogue, Magnan, Saint Paul, 
 Robin, Petit, and Marie. 
 
 Abraham Jacobs confers the Sublime degrees upon Fifteen brethren, 
 in "Washington, Wilkes County, Georgia. 
 
 The Grand Orient of Prance resumes its labors. At this date there 
 are only Eighteen Lodges existing in France. On the 17th October 
 the Grand Lodge resumes its labors. 
 
 1797. Jan. 1 2th. The Sublime Council of Princes of the Royal Secret was 
 established at Charleston, South Carolina. On the 26th May Jean 
 Baptist© Aveilhe subscribes himself K.-. H.. Deputy Inspector 
 GteneraL 
 
 Louis Claude Henri Montmain, was conferring at Charleston, as a 
 
SUPREME COUNCIL— U. S. A. 313 
 
 detached or side degree, the •' Sovereign Commander of the Temple.'' 
 De Grasse received it on the 21st December, 1798, two years after his 
 having received the Sublime Prince of Royal Secret ; and being consti- 
 tuted a Deputy Inspector General, and others received it on the 3d of 
 August, 1799, from the hands of Montmain. 
 
 The Grand Lodge of the State of New York issues its Edict against 
 Lodge U Union Francais " as Spurious and Illegal, prohibiting all 
 intercourse. Said Lodge was chartered by one of the "■woutd-be" 
 Inspectors in the face of the Grand Lodge. It afterwards gave up its 
 pretensions, and united with the Grand Lodge. 
 
 Aohille Huet Lachelle, pretending to be Provincial Grand Master of 
 Chapter of Heredom of Kilwinning for America, chartered a Rose Croix 
 Chapter, Rite of Heredom of Kilwinning, under the title of " Amis 
 Ckoisis." Charter dated 1798. The Grand Chapter formed for the 
 States of New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, 
 Vermont, and New York. 
 
 1799. May 21st. A union formed between the Grand Orient and the Grand 
 Lodge of France. 
 
 1800. The '■ Rite of Schroeder" having but three Symbolic degrees, was 
 established at Hamburg, or very soon after this date. The Grand 
 Lodge for the State of Kentucky formed. 
 
 1801 . On the 24th May, Frederick Dalcho received the degree of Sublime 
 Prince of the Royal Secret from the hands of John Mitchell. On the 
 Slst same month, the Supreme Council of the Thirty-third degree for 
 the United States of America, was opened in Charleston by John 
 Mitchell and Frederick Dalcho ; but who the persons were who made 
 
 ■ John Mitchell a Sovereign Grand Inspector General Thirty-third, 
 or where he received, or found, that degree, is a question which has 
 never yet been solved. 
 
 Abraham Jacobs continues the work in Savannah, Georgia, and 
 is assisted by the Illustrious Emanuel De La Motta. 
 
 1802. Emanuel De La Motta made a Sovereign Grand Inspector General 
 Thirty-third, and member of John Mitchell's Supreme Council in 
 Charleston. The Count de Grasse elevated at the same time (Feb. 
 21st,) is appointed Grand Commander for life in the French West 
 India islands, and Representative for the Charleston Council there. 
 Jean Baptiste Marie de la Hogue, also received the Thirty-third, was 
 made a member of that Council, and appointed Lieut. Grand Com- 
 mander under De Grasse. 
 
 On the 4th December a warrant was granted by the Grand Council 
 of Princes of Jerusalem, for the establishment of a Sublime Grand 
 Lodge in Savannah, Georgia. This new Council issued its first docu- 
 ment, (see Appendix, Document No. 7.) 
 
314 SCOTTISH BITE, ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED. 
 
 Abraham Jacobs removed from Savannah to New York city, or 
 early in 1803. 
 
 1803. Germain Hacquet returns from St Domingo to France. He carries 
 back with him the " Rite of Perfection '• pure and unadulterated, and 
 presented it as such to the Grand Orient of France. 
 
 1804. Organization of a " General Chand Scottish Lodge of the Ancient and 
 
 Accepted Rite " at Paris. October 2d, by Supreme Council Thirty- 
 third. 
 
 On the 22d September De Grasse Tilly founds a Supreme Council of 
 Sovereign Grand Inspectors General Thirty-third degree, " Ancient and 
 Accepted Scottish Rite." 
 
 December 5th. A Concordat was signed between the Grand Orient 
 and the Supreme Council of France. They were united into one body, 
 the Scottish Grand Lodge having had an existence of forty-four 
 days, and the Council fifty-four days. While in existence, they created 
 great confusion among the Fraternity, a contest for the Supremacy 
 having commenced between the Orient and the Council, which ter- 
 minated partially when the Concordat was signed in December. The 
 Scottish Grand Lodge was then dissolved, the Grand Orient control- 
 ling the first Eighteen degrees, the Supreme Council the rest. 
 
 September 23d. Abraham Jacobs begins his work of conferring 
 degrees in New York. 
 
 1805. September 24th. A rupture took place between the Grand Orient 
 and Supreme Council. The bodies.again became distinct and antago- 
 nistic. The Grand Orient claimed the right to control the Ancient 
 and Accepted Rite : " That the union of all the degrees, in one simple 
 sphere of Masonic Light, of which it was the centre, gave it, the 
 Grand Orient alone, the right to rule the Scottish rite concurrently 
 with the French rite ; and, consequently, the sole right, to confer 
 degrees, and grant Charters of Constitutions." The grand Orient 
 granted a Charter of Constitution to " Sovereign Chapter Ecossais," 
 Ancient and Accepted Eite. The Supreme Council was opposed to 
 this proceeding, and at once established a Grand Consistory of 
 Sublime Princes of the Eoyal Secret, and on the 1st of October made 
 a decree, &c. The Philosophical Scottish rite, the rite of Heredom, 
 and in general, aU the Masonic bodies, that had, by virtue of the Con- 
 cordat, been united to the Grand Orient, resumed their independence. 
 The Grand Orient, at once, created a " Grand Directory of Rites," to 
 govern all the united Rites, and to be composed of as many sections aa 
 there were rites. This was done July 21st before the split took place. 
 The controversy lasted between the two bodies until 1838, and was 
 not completely adjusted until 1841, a period of from thirty-three to 
 thirty-six years. Still, from 1805 np to 1814, the Grand Orient con- 
 
SUPREME COUNCIL— U. S. A. 315 
 
 fined itself to the first Eighteen degrees, and suffered the Supreme 
 Council to administer the rest. 
 
 The Supreme Council was established at Milan, and also the Grand 
 Orient of Italy. The Grand Orient of the Military division of Italy, at 
 Naples, united with the Grand Orient of Milan, June 22d. 
 
 1806. The Rose Croix Chapter, " Triple Amitie," founded by Joseph 
 Cerneau, in New Tork. It became extinct in 1807, at which time 
 the Sovereign Grand Consistory took its place. 
 The " Primitive Rite " united with the Grand Orient. 
 On the 10th July, the Count de Grasse resigned as Grand Comman- 
 der of the Supreme Council of Prance, in favor of Prince Cambaceres, 
 who, also, accepted the Grand Mastership of all the bodies which had 
 become severed from the Grand Orient, thus becoming " Chief" of 
 all the systems practiced in Prance. He was Grand Commander of 
 the Supreme Council of Prance, Honorary Grand Master of the Rite 
 of Herodim of Kilwinning, sitting at Rouen, in 1807. Grand Master 
 of the Primitive Rite in 1808. Grand Master of the Rite of Benefi- 
 cent Knights of the Holy City, Rectified Regime, a title offered him 
 by the Directory of Auvergne. Grand Master of the Regime of the 
 Directory of Septimanee at Montpelier in 1809, and Honorary Grand 
 Master of all the Masonic bodies that was of any importance. 
 
 July 21st. Pierre le Barbier Plessis, created a Sovereign Grand In- 
 spector General Thirty-third degree, and Deputy, residing at Philadel- 
 phia. • 
 
 June 19th, John James Joseph Gourgas initiated an Entered Ap- 
 prentice Mason in Lodge L'Union Prancais. June 6th. The Grand 
 Lodge formed for the State of Delaware. 
 
 1807. The " Sovereign Grand Consistory of the Ancient Constitutional Scot- 
 tish Rite of Heredom,'' was established at New Tork, for the United 
 States of America, her Territories and Dependencies, in the month of 
 October, by Joseph Cerneau. 
 
 October 14th. John Gabriel Tardy initiated to the Sublime Prince 
 of the Royal Secret, by Pierre le Barbiere Plessis, in Philadelphia, 
 and appointed Deputy Inspector General by him. 
 
 1808. July 12th. The Grand Orient of France affiliated with, and entered 
 into correspondence with the Grand Orient of Italy. 
 
 November 3d. Abraham Jacobs, having initiated "Nineteen 
 brethren," constituted them a Council of Princes of Jerusalem, and a 
 
 Sublime Lodge of Perfection. They were afterwards taken in charge 
 
 by Gourgas and Tardy. 
 
 Sovereign Chapter of Rose Croix, " Triple Alliance," established by 
 
 Sovereign Grand Consistory. 
 
316 SCOTTISH BITE, ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED 
 
 1809. On the Hth of June, the Supreme Council of France established the 
 Supreme Council at Naples. 
 
 In the month of March, the adherents of Gourgas established a Con- 
 sistory of Sublime Princes of the Royal Secret, but it ceased its 
 existence by the end of the year. 
 
 In the month of November, John Gabriel Tardy, Deputy Inspector 
 General, promoted Abraham Jacobs to K. H. and Prince of the Royal 
 Secret. On the 24th inst., Tardy issued his Patent, and Jacobs be- 
 came a member of the Gourgas Consistory. 
 
 1810. Feb. loth. Application made to the Supreme Council of France by 
 the Sovereign Grand Consistory of the United States of America, for 
 acknowledgment, &c. Joseph Cerneau founded the Council of Royal 
 and Select Masters., 
 
 1811. The Supreme Council of Prance established the Supreme Council of 
 Spain at Madrid, July 4th. 
 
 About this period the Sovereign Grand Consistory chartered Colum- 
 bian Encampment of Knights Templar, New York city, reformed 
 work. Jan. 8th. The Grand Lodge for the District of Columbia 
 formed. 
 
 1812. The Supreme Council of France acknowledges the Sovereign Grand 
 Consistory at New York, and enters into correspondence with the 
 same. Feb. 13th, 1813. The Supreme Council of the Thirty-third 
 degree for America, founded at Paris by Masons who had received the 
 Thirty-third degree in America. 
 
 First Edict issued by the Sovereign Grand Consistory of the United 
 States of America. July llth. The Grand Lodge for the State of 
 Louisiana formed. 
 
 1813. Corespondence commenced with Supreme Council of France, under the 
 title of Sovereign Grand Consistory of '• the Trinity," New York. 
 
 Emanuel De La Motta arrives in New York from Charleston, consti- 
 tutes a Supreme Council of the Thirty-third degree on his own 
 responsibility, expels Joseph Cerneau, his abettors, and followers, 
 publishes his acts in the papers, and returns to Charleston. 
 
 January 23d. The Consistory for the State of Rhode Island founded 
 by the Sovereign Grand Consistory, also the Encampment of Knights 
 Templar, Accepted or Reformed rite, located at Newport 
 
 June. The Consistory for the State of Louisiana founded in New 
 Orleans by the Sovereign Grand Consistory. The Union of the two 
 Grand Lodges in England (Ancients and Modems.) They, when united, 
 adopt the " Holy Royal Arch " as the fourth degree of Masonry. 
 December. The Grand Lodge for the State of Tennessee formed. 
 
 1814. June 24th. The Grand Orient of France decreed : " That^by virtue 
 
SUPREME OOUNCIL-U. S. A. 317 
 
 of a Concordat, made in 1773 with the Chapter of Clermont, in 1787 
 with the General Grand Chapter, and in 1804 with the Scottish 
 Grand Lodge, it re-took, or rather continued, hut in a more special 
 manner, the exercise of the powers that appertained to it, over all 
 THE Rites." The Supreme Council resisted this usurpation, and a 
 quarrel was kept up until the 6th November, 1841, when each recog- 
 nized the other, and both administered the rite concurrently. 
 
 The infamous papers published by De La Motta made their appear- 
 ance in New York, during this year, viz., the expulsion of Joseph 
 Cerneau, his abettors, &c. 
 The Sovereign Grand Consistory replied in Feb. 
 De La Motta came out with his published " Replication " in Sept. 
 He also published in the Philadelphia newspapers his Edict, expelling 
 Cerneau, January 31st. 
 The papers of De La Motta were without any effect, and were un- 
 noticed by the Fraternity. 
 
 The Grand Encampment of Knights Templar, for the State of New 
 Tork formed, being brought about mainly by the influence of the 
 Sovereign Grand Consistory. 
 
 1816. The Sovereign Grand Consistory of the United States of America, at 
 New Tork, acknowledged by the Grand Orient of Prance, and Ger- 
 main Hacquet, its President and Grand Commander, appointed as 
 Representative near the Grand Orient, continued so until 1827, when 
 the Consistory ceased. 
 
 The " Rile of Misraim " founded at Paris. 
 
 Brothers Bckles and Niles, of Baltimore, convey a Power to Brother 
 Jeremy L. Cross, General Grand Lecturer of the United States, to 
 found and establish Councils of Royal and Select Masters throughout 
 the United States. 
 
 The Grand Council of Royal and Select Masters founded for the 
 State of New Tork. 
 
 The Consistory founded for the State of Pennsylvania, by Sovereign 
 Grand Consistory. 
 
 1817. January 15th. The Supreme Council Thirty-third for Belgium estab- 
 lished at Brussels. A Union is effected between the two Grand 
 Lodges of South Carolina. 
 
 1818. The Annuary of the Supreme Council and Sovereign Grand Consistory, 
 containing a full list of the Grand Dignitaries, Officers, Members Active 
 and Honorary, Subordinate bodies, list of Inspectors and localities. 
 Corresponding bodies, &c., was issued. 
 
 The Supreme Council, erected by Do La Motta as a rival to the 
 Sovereign Grand Consistory, became extinct. The Grand Lodge for 
 the State of Mississippi formed. 
 
318 SCOTTISH RITE, ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED 
 
 1819. Jaly 31st. The Grand Orient of Prance claims, " That in 1804, some 
 Masons who had returned from America, or fled from our Colonies, 
 brought back to Paris ' the degrees," which the same Orient had sent 
 thither in 1761, by the intervention of Stephen Morin ; and that those 
 degrees had not left France, but the Grand Council, established 
 in the bosom of the National Grand Lodge, after it the Greneral 
 Grand Chapter of France, and after 1787, the Metropolitan Sovereign 
 Chapter of the Grand Orient of France, always possessed them." 
 
 1821. The Supreme Council of France, which had been inactive since 1814, 
 resumes its labors, and unites with the remains of the " Supreme 
 Council for America," which had also been inactive. 
 
 Joseph Cerneau withdraws from active duties as Grand Commander 
 of the Supreme ConncO and Sovereign Grand Consistory, and 
 takes the title of " Honorary." He is succeeded by Hon. John W. 
 Mulligan as Grand Commander. 
 
 The controversy at Charleston, South Carolina, between P. Javain 
 Representative of the Sovereign Grand Consistory, and Joseph McCosh, 
 concerning the Sublime degree, was at its height. 
 
 The Supreme Council of Charleston, which had been inactive since 
 1813, now began to revive. It received a small addition to its num- 
 bers, which before were "five." Grand Lodges were formed for the 
 States of Alabama and Missouri. 
 
 1822. Joseph McCosh issues his Pamphlet, entitled " Documents on Sublime 
 Masonry," containing the expulsion of Joseph Cerneau, his abettors, 
 and followers, the reply of the Sovereign Grand Consistory, the 
 " Replication " by De La Motta, the controversy with P. Javain, and 
 copious remarks, notes, and emendations, by Emanuel De La Motta ; 
 also a copy of the Charleston document of 1802, in which the Schedule 
 of the degrees appears for the fibst tule in a correct form, making 
 " Kadosch " the 30th, and putting in the 29th and 31st according to 
 the Statutes. 
 
 The Charleston Council reyives, and Joseph McCosh receives his 
 d^ree of Sovereign Grand Inspector General Thirty-third, becomes a 
 member, and fills the office of Secretary Greneral. 
 
 Brother Seth Driggs appointed Deputy Inspector Greneral for the 
 island of Trinidad, and establishes a Consistory at Port of Spain. 
 
 The Lodge of Perfection at Albany, which had been dormant for 
 many years, was revived by Giles Fonda Tates, and a Grand Council 
 of Princes of Jerusalem established there ; also Lodges of Perfection 
 in the Counties of Montgomery, Onondaga, Saratoga, and Monroe, 
 under warrants of Constitution for said Council. 
 
 The Sovereign Consistory issues an Edict denouncing the Charleston 
 body. 
 
SUPEEMB COUNCIL— U. S. A. 319 
 
 1823. Hon. John W. Mulligan retires from the office of Sovereign Grand 
 Commander, and is succeeded by the Hon. Dewitt Clinton. June. 
 A split takes place in the Grand Lodge of the State of New York, 
 two Grand Lodges are formed, viz.. City and Country. 
 
 1824. Nov. 16th. Giles Fonda Yates establishes in Albany a Grand Con- 
 sistory, and is appointed S. of S. to the body. It becomes obedient to 
 the Supreme Council of Charleston and J. J. J. Gourgas. 
 
 The Marquis de Lafayette arrives in New York, and is exalted in 
 Masonry. 
 
 Nov. 22d. The Chapter of Rose Croix, under the title of " Lafay- 
 ette," chartered. 
 
 The degree of " Aaron's band " conferred in New York by power 
 from the Sovereign Grand Consistory, but soon became extinct. 
 
 1825. Marquis de Lafayette made a Sovereign Grand Inspector General 
 Thirty-third, by Sovereign Grand Consistory. Richard S. Spofibrd, M. 
 D., created a Sovereign Grand Inspector General Thirty-third, and 
 appointed as Deputy Inspector General for the State of Massachusetts. 
 John P. Schisano appointed Deputy Inspector General for the State 
 of Virginia, residing at Norfolk. 
 
 Feb. 1 3th. Edward A. Raymond, and Bight Associates, residing in 
 Boston, Mass., receive a Charter from the Council of Princes of Jeru- 
 salem, at Albany, constituting them a Grand Council of Princes of 
 Jerusalem ; also a Charter from the " Consistory " at Albany, consti- 
 tuting them a Consistory of Sublime Princes of the Royal Secret. 
 
 Giles Fonda Yates created a Sovereign Grand Inspector General by 
 the hands of Illustrious Brother Joseph McCosh. 
 
 Abraham Jacobs initiated Thirty-five persons into all the Sublime 
 degrees. 
 
 Jacob De La Motta, the son of Emanuel, made a Sovereign Grand 
 Inspector General Thirty-third, and becomes a member of the Supreme 
 Council at Charleston ; also Alexander McDonald, Horatio G. Street, 
 and Moses Holbrook. 
 
 1826. Nov. 3d. David Jewett, Officer in Brazilian Navy, appointed Repre- 
 sentative by the Sovereign Grand Consistory for the Brazilian Empire, 
 with Patent and Oonsistorial powers. June 28th. Grand Lodge of 
 Michigan formed. 
 
 1827. The Anti-Masonic excitement commences, and all Masonic labors are 
 suspended. Nov. 28th. The Sovereign Grand Consistory dissolves 
 and is brought to an end. Elias Hicks was Deputy Grand Comman- 
 der. Union of the two Grand Lodges iu the State of New York. 
 
 1828. Feb. Hon. Dewitt Clinton died at his residence in Albany. 
 
320 SCOTTISH RITE, ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED. 
 
 March. Elias Hicks becomes Grand Commander of the Sovereign 
 Grand Consistory. 
 
 The Supreme Council of Charleston, and J. J. J. Gourgas, under the 
 title of " Supreme Council for America," is acknowledged by the 
 Grand Orient of Prance, appear in the Annuary of the Grand Orient 
 the next year. The Grand Lodge of the State of New York num- 
 bered over five hundred working Lodges, which were in a state of 
 great prosperity up to this time. But owing to the Morgan excite- 
 ment, which commenced in the early part of the preceding year, four 
 hundred and twenty-eight Lodges surrendered their Charters and pro- 
 perties to the Grand Lodge, and came to an end. Seventy-two Lodges 
 retained their Charters and refused to give them up. About one- 
 third of these Lodges, which retained their Charters, were located in 
 the city of New York, the remainder scattering throughout the State. 
 Those in the city, and some in the country, managed to hold occasional 
 meetings and to do some work, — at least sufficient to answer the con- 
 stitutional requirements — while some few as St. John's No. 1, German 
 Union, Mariners, Naval, and L'Union Prancais — ^kept along and main- 
 tained their organization perfectly. The same may be said of York, 
 Mystic, Benevolent, Silentia, and Trinity, (then a German Lodge.) 
 For a more particular account, see Appendix, Document No. 46. 
 including a list of most of the Lodges in the city, and some in other 
 parts of the State. 
 
 1830. The Grand Lodge for the State of Florida formed. 
 
 1832. " The United Supreme Council for the Western Hemisphere," Elias 
 Hicks, M. P., Sovereign Grand Commander, is established as the suc- 
 cessor of the Sovereign Grand Consistory by Count St. Laurent. It 
 was composed of the members of the Sovereign Grand Consistory. 
 They adopt the prescriptions of 1786, proclaim a declaration of their 
 principles, which are " a perfect independence of the rite — and Tolera- 
 tion." It was published in the month of April, together with a circu- 
 lar, calling to it all the Masons of America of the Exalted degrees ; 
 and it entered into a treaty of Union with the Supreme Council of 
 France, Supreme Council of Brussels, (Belgium,) and the Grand Orient 
 and Supreme Council of Brazil, dated April 5th, 1832. It was com- 
 posed of sixteen articles. 
 
 The Marquis de Lafayette was the Representative to the Supreme 
 Council of Prance. 
 
 1833. Concordat entered into between the Grand Lodge of Louisiana and 
 the Grand Consistory of that State, by which the Consistory relin- 
 quishes its rule over the Symbolic degrees, and the Grand Lodge 
 establishes a Chamber in its bosom for the administration of the 
 Ancient and Accepted Scottish rite. The Count St. Laurent returns 
 
SUPEEMB OOUNCIL—U. S. A. 321 
 
 to Prance, and becomes the Representative to the Supreme Council of 
 France, for the United Supreme Council, in the place of Marquis de 
 Lafayette, who died in May of the following year. 
 
 1834. May 20th. Decease of the Marquis de Lafayette 
 
 1836. The treaty of Union ratified with the Supreme Councils of Prance, 
 Belgium, Brazil, and the United Supreme Council of the Western 
 Hemisphere. 
 
 1837. A split in the United Supreme Council. Formation of St. John's 
 Grand Lodge. 
 
 1838. Grand Lodge formed for the State of Texas. 
 
 1839. The Supreme Council of Louisiana formed, and the Consistory of 1813 
 becomes subject to it. It becomes a power for that State in the 
 Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite. 
 
 1840. Joseph Cerneau returns to Prance. Grand Lodge formed for the 
 State of Illinois. Ancient Craft Masonry begins to revive in the 
 State of New York and elsewhere. 
 
 1842. Count St. Laurent continues to be the Representative of the United 
 Supreme Council to the Supreme Council of Prance. 
 
 1843. The Grand Orient of Prance acknowledges the Supreme Council of 
 Louisiana, and again July 26th, 1845. 
 
 1844. Albert G. Mackey and Albert Case made Sovereign Grand Inspectors 
 General Thirty-third, and become members of the Supreme Council of 
 Charleston. January 2d. Grand Lodge of Iowa formed April 16th. 
 Death of Elias Hicks Sovereign Grand Commander. 
 
 1846. Oct. 27th. United Supreme Council for the Western Hemisphere 
 dissolved. Supreme Council formed by Henry C. Atwood, Sovereign 
 Grand Inspector General Thirty-third, as successor to the United 
 Supreme Council. July 24th. Henry Marsh died. 
 
 Rupture in Louisiana on account of the proceedings of Grand Lodge 
 of Mississippi. 
 
 1848. The National Grand Lodge of Prance instituted by a portion of the 
 members of the Supreme Council, is now extinct. 
 
 June 1st. The Gourgas Council organized, and issues its maiden 
 edict defining its position. 
 
 1849. Split in the Grand Lodge of the State of New Tork. Two Grand 
 Lodges known as the " Willard " and " Phillips " factions. 
 
 1850. Convention of Masons in Louisiana. Scottish Masonry rejected. The 
 Grand Lodge excludes the Scottish Chamber, and practices only 
 Ancient Craft Masonry. 
 
322 SCOTTISH EITB, ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED. 
 
 The Supreme Council of Louisiana resumes its rule over the first 
 three degrees. Union of the Grand Lodge of the State of New York 
 (Willard,) with St. John's Grand Lodge. 
 
 1851. The new Council of Gonrgas was removed to Boston, Mass., from New 
 Tork city. Gourgas resigned, and Giles Fonda Tates appointed 
 Grand Commander. In September, Tates resigned, and Edward A. 
 Baymond becomes Grand Commander. 
 
 A Sublime Grand Lodge of Perfection, and Grand Council of Princes 
 of Jerusalem for Western and Eastern New York were chartered by 
 the Supreme Council. 
 
 The Supreme Council of New York re-organized under Brother 
 Jeremy L. Cross. 
 
 1852. Albert G. Mackey forms a Consistory in New Orleans. 
 
 Brother Jeremy L. Cross resigns, the Council re-organized under H. 
 C. Atwood, Grand Commander, and treaty of Alliance formed with 
 Supreme Council of Louisiana. 
 
 1853. James Poulhouze, F. Wharton CoUins, John Baptiste Paget, J. J. 
 B. Massicott, resign their offices and membership in the Supreme 
 Council of Louisiana. 
 
 The Supreme Council of New York acknowledged by Supreme 
 Grand Council of New Grenada. 
 
 Grand Lodges formed in the States of Oregon and Minnesota. Split 
 in the Grand Lodge, New York. St. John's Grand Lodge revived. 
 
 1855. Concordat between the Supreme Council of Charleston and the New 
 Orleans Consistories. 
 
 1856. The Supreme Council of Louisiana revived by its old members. 
 
 The Supreme Council of New York acknowledged by Supreme 
 Council of Belgium. 
 
 1857. Sept. 13th. Grand Lodge for the State of Nebraska formed. 
 
 1858. The Supreme Council of Connecticut established. Edward W. 
 Atwood Grand Commander. The Grand Orient of France acknow- 
 ledges the Supreme Council of Charleston, South Carolina. Grand 
 Lodge for the State of California formed. Union of the Willard and 
 Phillips' Grand Lodge. 
 
 1860. Sept, Henry C. Atwood died. Edmund B. Hays succeeds him as 
 Grand Commander. Supreme Council established in California, 
 
 James C. L. Wadsworth Grand Commander. Split in the Gonrgas 
 Supreme Council at Boston, two Supreme Councils organized. 
 
 1861. Edward A. Raymond deposed by the Boston Council, and Eillian 
 
SUPREME COUNCIL— U. S. A. 323 
 
 Van Rensselaer becomes Grand Commander. Mr. Raymond estab- 
 lishes a Council of his own, making two Councils in the city of Boston. 
 
 1862. Consistory of Sublime Princes of the Royal Secret established in New 
 Jersey, January 23d, located at Trenton, New Jersey. Jan. 17th. 
 John W. Mulligan died. May. Illustrious Brother Henri Rilliet 
 died. A Sovereign Orand Consistory for the State of Massachusetts 
 constituted in Boston by the Supreme Grand Council of the United 
 States of America. 
 
 Bach of the Supreme Councils publish Edicts expelling each other— 
 thus Raymond and Robinson are expelled by Van Rensselaer & Oa 
 and Van Rensselaer & Co. are expelled by Raymond & Co. 
 
CHAPTER TWELFTH. 
 
 CONCLUSION. 
 
 The Author's opinions. — Explanation of Plate 2 and 3. — Remarks concerning 
 the accompaniments to the progress of the new degrees. — The evils growing 
 out of them. — Their causes. — How they may be remedied. — Remarks addressed 
 to the Fraternity. 
 
 Having brought the history to a close, it is now proper to 
 oflFer some remarks concerning many things therewith con- 
 nected, partly in the way of recapitulation, and partly in the 
 way of deductions, naturally growing out of it, which, had they 
 been embodied in the history itself, might justly have been con- 
 sidered out of place. And it is to be sincerely hoped that the 
 reader will receive in good part the remarks that may be 
 offered, especially when the author proffers to him the assur- 
 ance that he is not actuated by any selfish or improper motive 
 in tendering them for his acceptance. 
 
 As far as he is able to say, the history is a faithful one. It 
 assumes to give a statement of simple facts as they have oc- 
 curred during the period of time which it embraces — those 
 statements being fully corroborated by the documents con- 
 tained in the work. And it has been his purpose to avoid all 
 partizan feelings, however much there may seem to be any favor 
 manifested toward any particular party. If he has failed 
 in carrying out these feelings in the history, it has been the 
 fault of the testimony of the " documents." Individually, he 
 disclaims any partiality for either of the parties, having long 
 since withdrawn his connection with the " High Degrees." 
 
 His views upon the subject of Masonry do not accord with 
 those which are generally received among the Fraternity, as it 
 regards these high degrees. It has been with him a matter of 
 long and patient examination, and he has come to the codcIu- 
 sion, that all that ever has been, or is now, known as pure 
 Ancient Masonrv. is contained in three degrees, viz., the Entered 
 
CONCLUSION. 325 
 
 Apprentice, the Fellow Craft, and the Master Mason, with the 
 Royal Arch instructions. This is the Alpha and the Omega 
 of Masonry, the beginning and the end. And that all which 
 we meet in this or any other land under the denomination of 
 Masonry, whether it be in ten or one hundred degrees, and 
 bearing the name of a " Rite" whatever it may be, is nothing 
 more than those three simple and beautiful degrees, dressed up 
 to suit the fancy of the makers, and tricked out with jewels 
 and decorations, in order to captivate the unthinking among 
 the Fraternity. The rite, of which this work assumes to be a 
 history, is an illustration of this assertion, and confirms it in 
 every particular, inasmuch as there is not a single degree 
 mentioned in the whole vocabulary, from the fourth to the 
 thirty-third, which has not come into existence since the year 
 1730 of the Christian era, besides several hundred others 
 which have not been mentioned. These degrees are all founded 
 upon the three simple degrees of Masonry. And thus in look- 
 ing at the rite presented to our view, we see those three 
 degrees dressed up in garments, a description of which is more 
 proper in another place. 
 
 We would offer a further illustration of this fact by a short 
 explanation of Plate No. 2 and No. 3. 
 
 It must be familiar to the mind of every well-informed Mason, 
 tbat the year 1717 was an important epoch in the annals of 
 Masonry, that being the year in which the first Grand Lodge 
 known, came into being. From that body emanated warrants 
 of constitution for subordinate Lodges, and without which, 
 every Masonic assembly convened for the purpose of making 
 Masons was deemed illegal. There were then but three degrees 
 in Masonry, and from this centre the institution has overspread 
 the habitable globe. 
 
 The first foreign body chartered by this Grand Lodge was 
 in the year 1725, viz., a Lodge of Master Masons for the city 
 of Paris, France. By referring to Plate No. 2, the reader will 
 find this Lodge delineated at the head of the Tableau, and can 
 readily trace the progress of Masonry there down to the pre- 
 sent day. Thus, by the year 1736, the number of Lodges had 
 increased, and a Provincial Grand Lodge was formed by 
 
326 SCOTTISH EITE, ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED. 
 
 by charter from the Grand Lodge of England. In 1743, it 
 assumes the name of the " English Grand Lodge" but in 1756 
 styles itself " the Grand Lodge of the Kingdom" having, by 
 that time, become independent of any other power. In 1773 
 a split occurred, the Grand Lodge continuing its course, and 
 the separating portion of the body forming the " Grand Orient,'' 
 ■which worked as a rival to the Grand Lodge. This continued 
 until 1799, when a union of these two bodies took place, after 
 which time the united body was known as the " Grand Orient 
 of France." This body has controled the first three degrees 
 of Masonry from 1736 down to the present time. 
 
 We hear nothing in Masonry of " Rites " or " new degrees " 
 until the year 1730. It was about this time that Ramsay, the 
 Scotsman, invented three new degrees, which he called the 
 Ecossais, the JVovice, and the Knight of the Temple. To dis- 
 tinguish these degrees from the three then practiced, he gave 
 them the name of the " Primitive Scottish Rite." These new 
 degrees were added to the first three by the Grand Lodge in 
 1736. And here may be dated the beginning of all the addi- 
 tions, improvements and innovations, which have since taken 
 place in the great but simple system of Ancient Masonry, 
 together with the birthplace of the word " Rite." 
 
 The work of invention was now carried rapidly forward. 
 The degrees of Kadosch and the Rose Croix were invented in 
 1742, and from the handy work of Ramsay came the " Holy 
 Royal Arch " about this time, which was imported from Prance 
 to England, there adopted by the " Ancients," but rejected by 
 the " Moderns." In 1752 it was grafted upon the system of 
 Ancient Masonry as the fourth degree, and from thence came 
 to our own land. 
 
 By the year 1752, at which time the invention of new degrees 
 had been carried to a great length in France, we find a new 
 system called the " Sovereign Chapter Sublime Scotch Mother 
 Lodge, &c," practicing the three degrees with the new addi- 
 tions, and continuing as a rival to the Grand Lodge. Lacorne 
 was at the head of this affair, and as the Grand Lodge refused 
 to recognize him, or those who were made under him, he estab- 
 lished o Ch-and Lodge of his own, called the Lacorne Grand 
 
CONCLUSION. 327 
 
 Lodge. It continued its operations about one year, when the 
 diificulties being settled, it united with the Grand Lodge in 
 1762, and the Sublime Scotch Mother Lodge united with the 
 same soon after. 
 
 In 1754: arose the " Chapter of Clermont," which, in 1758 
 became the " Chapter of the Emperors of the East and West," 
 comprising in its schedule a list of Twenty-five degrees. As 
 this new system embraced the first three degrees and practiced 
 them, it became a rival to the Grand Lodge — they quarrelled, 
 and remained for twenty years at variance with each other. 
 In 1762 the members of this new Chapter quarrelled among 
 themselves. A split occurred, out of which came the " Council 
 of Knights of the East." These two bodies moved down 
 togethei- side by side. In 1780 the former body had assumed 
 the name of Sovereign Grand Lodge of France, and in 1785 the 
 two bodies united, forming the " General Grand Chapter of 
 France." This General Grand Chapter united with the Grand 
 Orient in 1786. 
 
 In 1747 the " Chapter of Arras," or Ecossais Jacobite, was 
 established, containing the degree of Rose Croix, with the 
 other new degrees. This also continued down to 1780, when 
 it took the name of " Rose Croix Chapter of Arras." In 1801 
 it united with the Grand Orient. 
 
 In 1780, the " Primitive Rite of JYarbonne," beginning with 
 the Entered Apprentice, and ending with the Rose Croix, took 
 its rise, but finally united with the Grand Orient in 1806. 
 The remainder of the " rites " there delineated, with others 
 which are not mentioned, finally became extinct, or run out. 
 
 While this Plate gives a view of these different embellish- 
 ments of the first three degrees of Masonry, which, eventually, 
 became the property of the Grand Orient of France, Plate No. 
 3 gives a view of the embellishments of a particular rite, known 
 as the " Rite of Perfection " in twenty-five degrees, emanating 
 from the Council of the Emperors of the East and West, and 
 brought to this country by the hands of Morin and his succes- 
 sors. This rite was built up by taking the first three degrees 
 as a basis, and by dividing the third or Masters degree into 
 several parts, out of which parts they have manufactured 
 
328 SCOTTISH RITE, ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED. 
 
 degrees, they have constructed them in such a manner that the 
 third or Masters degree, extends to the Twelfth of their sys- 
 tem, then by adding on Ramsay's Royal Arch, they form two 
 more, reaching to the Fourteenth. The remaining degrees are 
 mostly made up of matters connected with Chivalry and the 
 Crusades — with the exception of the Fifteenth and Sixteenthr 
 which are now synonymous with the first degree of the Tem- 
 plar system of our own land. 
 
 The Plate delineates these embellishments down to the year 
 1801, beginning with Ramsay's additions in 1736^then exhib- 
 iting the rite as formed in 1758 in twenty-five degrees — then 
 the result of the meeting of the Commissioners of Paris and 
 Bordeaux, in adopting these twenty-five degrees — next the list 
 of degrees as transmitted by Stephen Morin — finally arriving 
 in Charleston in 1783 — after which our own countrymen 
 renewed their manufacturing operations, and added five entire 
 new degrees to the system, also dividing the Prince of the 
 Royal Secret into three degrees — thus making the number 
 thirty-three instead of twenty-five, to which they attach the 
 name of the " Ancient and Accepted Rite." (See Schedule <of 
 '''■degrees conferred by the Charleston Council in 1802.") This 
 schedule is followed by the system of the Grand Orient of 
 France, adopted in the year 1805, and concluded by an exhibit 
 of the system practiced by the Consistory of Cerneau in 1807, 
 derived from, and precisely the same as, the Grand Orient of 
 France. 
 
 This is the condition in which the first three degrees of 
 Masonry are presented to us in the present day. And in order 
 to make them the more enticing they have called them the 
 " Svhlime." Attaching the name of " Symbolic " to the three 
 degress of Ancient Masonry, they declare the Sublime degrees 
 to be their exponents or interpreters — that without receiving 
 these thirty new embellishments the Master Mason is yet in 
 blindness, and knows nothing of the ceremonies through which 
 he has passed. 
 
 But — this is not true. The first three degrees are not 
 " Symbolic degrees " in the sense in which they make use of 
 that term — ^nor are the Sublime degrees their exponents or 
 
CONCLUSION. 329 
 
 interpreters. On the contrary. Ancient Masonry is the 
 language of Symbolism, and this new system has no connection 
 with it whatever. Throughout the whole of the rituals are to 
 be seen, the fancies and wild vagaries of men, who have thus 
 exemplified their ideas as it regards the meaning of the Symbols 
 which they have witnessed, and the ceremonies through which 
 they have passed. 
 
 Let not the aspirant to these new degrees suppose that he 
 will gain possession of anything that is really valuable in 
 Masonry, or that this series of degrees offered for his accept- 
 ance, will reveal to his view, antiquities or matters which he 
 was not before acquainted with. If he thus believes, he will 
 find, after he has taken them, that he has been greatly dis- 
 appointed ; that all he really knows of Masonry is contained 
 in the three degrees of Ancient Masonry, with the Royal Arch 
 instructions — and that all the rest is a " Sham." He will find 
 that all the reliable information he has gained will amount to 
 this — that he has witnessed for himself that a very simple thing 
 can be turned and twisted into a great variety of shapes and 
 forms, but like the gutta percha faces, which can be pulled and 
 squeezed, made long or short, round or square, to smile or 
 frown, but in the end resume their original form, so do these 
 newly invented affairs, stretched and twisted into every possi- 
 ble shape by the handy work of the manipulator, return to 
 what they originally were, when calm reflection takes its 
 proper place. 
 
 Viewing the history in its most favorable light, we are com- 
 pelled to draw conclusions, which will by no means have a 
 tendency to " raise the value " of this system of Masonry, in the 
 estimation of the Fraternity. 
 
 We have traced the degrees from their origin — followed 
 them to St. Domingo — from thence to the United States — and 
 have described their progress up to the present day. And 
 what have been the accompaniments of this travel of One 
 hundred and Thirty years ? From the time of the introduction 
 of these new degrees into France, dating from 1730, about 
 which period the Chevalier Ramsay introduced his system 
 there, quarrels and dissensions began among the brotherhood. 
 
330 SCOTTISH KITE, ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED. 
 
 We have seea that there was at that time a regular Grand 
 Lodge in existence — established there by charter from England, 
 in the symbolic degrees, between which, and the followers of 
 Ramsay's system, a quarrel arose, the Grand Lodge disowning 
 them except as Apprentices and Fellow Crafts. In 1740 to 
 1744, " Disorders of every kind invaded Masonry — charters 
 became merchandise — new degrees swarmed like flies — Restau- 
 rateurs bought Masterships for life — and everybody sold 
 degrees." As we pass along, step by step, we find in our pro- 
 gress, new degrees starting into being. The years 1752, 1754, 
 1757, 1758, were noted for these new improvements. At that 
 time the different " Masonic powers," which were altogether 
 assumed, came into collision, and one of them became a rival 
 to the other. All this time the Grand Lodge worked the three 
 symbolic degrees only, and had discarded everything else that 
 was called Masonry ; while the Council of the Emperors of the 
 East and West " worked the Twenty-five degrees of the Rite of 
 Perfection, or Heredom, including the same Symbolic degrees, 
 which were governed by a Scottish Symbolic Grand Lodge 
 under that Council. Bach publicly denounced the other, and 
 soon the rival to the old Grand Lodge fell to pieces by inter- 
 nal dissensions. It branched off itself into two bodies, which 
 became rampant rivals to each other, and finally, after great 
 discord and trouble, the whole were merged into the Grand 
 Orient, by Concordat, in 1772. That body being weary of 
 strife, and desirous of systematizing the work of the Lodges, 
 revised the degrees, formed a system, and in 1786 reported 
 four degrees as the standard, which became the " Modern 
 French Rite," is known as such all over the world, and is 
 worked up to the present day, in the form in which it came 
 from their hands. It embraces the substance of the Rite of 
 Perfection up to the Eighteenth, or Rose Croix degree. (See 
 Plate 3, 1786.) 
 
 But as soon as this took place, dissensions began again, 
 bodies again Became independent and worked as rivals, and it 
 was not until 1799, at the Union of the Grand Lodge of France 
 with the Grand Orient — which before had united with the 
 
CONCLUSIOiNT. 331 
 
 Grand Chapter General of France, that Peace was restored to 
 Masonry in that land. 
 
 But this peace was not of long continuance ; for in the month 
 of September, 1804, a new cause of vexation arose, in the ap- 
 pearance of the person of the Count de Grasse, who established 
 in Paris a new rite in Thirty-three degrees, under the title of 
 " Ancient and Accepted," as a rival to the Grand Orient. 
 That body, seeing the difficulties in prospect, and warned by 
 the experience of the past, entered into a Concordat with the 
 Supreme Council of De Grasse, in the month of December of 
 the same year. By this measure they hoped to restore har- 
 mony again, but in 1805 the two bodies had again separated, 
 a fierce quarrel arose, and continued up to the year 1841, a 
 period of Thirty or Thirty-five years. It was happily ended 
 at this time, but has left behind it bitter mementos, and 
 remembrances, which time alone can heal. 
 
 If we follow the successors of Morin to this country, we 
 shall discover the same accompaniments in their track. No 
 sooner had they proclaimed the Supreme Council in Charles- 
 ton, South Carolina, in 1801, than the Grand Lodge of that 
 State, viewing them as a rival power, called upon them, re- 
 questing to know by what authority they presumed to work ; 
 and a severe contest would have ensued, had not the Supreme 
 Council waived their right of control over the three Symbolic 
 degrees. Although a quarrel was avoided in Charleston, yet 
 the opportunity soon presented itself for a systematic and long- 
 continued one in New York city, in the person of Joseph 
 Cerneau, who had established a Sovereign Grand Consistory 
 of the Eite of Perfection there in 1807, and a Supreme Coun- 
 cil in 1811 — which was considered a rival, and, therefore, 
 should be put out of the way. The quarrel was accordingly 
 begun in the year 1813, by the notorious Emanuel De L;i 
 Motta, it has continued with unabated malignity, is in lively 
 exercise at the present day, and will probably be continued as 
 long as the present organizations last. 
 
 And if we pass to New Orleans, Louisiana, we shall find the 
 same accompaniments there. The quarrel commenced there in 
 1850, the particulars of which it is not necessary here to repeat. 
 
332 SCOTTISH RITE, ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED. 
 
 It is quite sufficient for us to say, that as in former instances, 
 the trouble began in the Grand Lodge of Louisiana, which 
 being adjusted, was commenced again by the same body, which 
 in the first instance, originated it ; that two rival bodies in the 
 Ancient and Accepted rite now exist in that State, one of the 
 rival bodies taking into its own hands the control of the three 
 Symbolic degrees, which act has re-produced the quarrel with 
 the Grand Lodge, which continues now, and will continue, as 
 long as that course is persisted in by the Supreme Council of 
 New Orleans, Louisiana. 
 
 There are, also, Three rival bodies existing in New York. 
 This has long been the case, and all are laying the foundation 
 for a long-continued controversy, by the establishment of sub- 
 ordinate bodies, wherever the opportunity may occur. This 
 must be the result, as long as these three bodies exist in their 
 distinct form. 
 
 This, then, is one of the phases which the propagation and 
 practice of "new degrees," under the name of Masonry, presents 
 not only to the Masonic, but to the whole world. A con- 
 tinued scene of quarrels and strife wherein every species of 
 abuse and slander, have been resorted to, personal feelings 
 have been disregarded, character injured, and bitter, long- 
 enduring animosities engendered, which have torn asunder 
 every fraternal tie, and given the appearance to the world of 
 the Masonic institution, as a common hot-bed for hatred and 
 dispute. 
 
 The foundation, the very corner-stone of the institution is 
 " Fraternal Love." It is the cement which holds the building 
 together, unites it into one common mass. This docti-ine is 
 emblazoned on the very portals of every Masonic temple, and 
 trumpetted forth by every member of the Order, wherever he 
 may be found. It is, therefore, not a lie, when it is uttered 
 here. And the very fact that Fraternal love is a stranger in 
 these temples of the new degrees, should be a sign that Masonry 
 is not there, and a " warning " to the passing traveller that a 
 nuisance is near. Let him choose his habitation in some other 
 place. 
 
 Again. The whole proceedings of Stephen Morin and his 
 
CONCLUSION. 333 
 
 successors, from the very beginning, have been ilkgal and 
 unmasonic, according to what is now, and has always been, 
 received and accepted among the Craft, as Masonic law. 
 
 When the disorders which had crept into Masonry, culmin- 
 ated in England, and it became common for Masons to open a 
 Lodge at pleasure, wherever and whenever they met, the 
 Masons of England, in order to put a stop to these irregulari- 
 ties, formed a Grand Lodge in the year 1717. Preston gives 
 a few particulars, which we shall here quote. He says, page 
 304: 
 
 " Previous to the year 1717, it was the custom, aa well as Masonic law, 
 that a sufficient number of Masons, met together within a certain district, with 
 the consent of the Sheriff, or Chief Magistrate of the place, were empowered 
 at this time to maJce Masons, and to practice the rites of Masonry, without a 
 warrant of Constitution. The privilege was inherent in themselves as 
 individuals, &c." 
 
 At this meeting for the formation of the Grand Lodge, the 
 following law was passed : 
 
 " That the privilege of assembling Masons, which hitherto had been unlimit- 
 ed, should be vested in certain Lodges and Assemblies of Masons, convened in 
 certain places ; and that every Lodge to be hereafter convened, should be 
 legally authorized to act by a, warrant from the Grand Master for the time 
 being, granted to certain individuals by Petition, with the consent and ap- 
 probation of the Grand Lodge in Communication, and that without such 
 warrant, no Lodge should be hereafter deemed regular or constitutional." 
 (Page 167.) 
 
 This was adopted as a Law, forever unalterable, it was the 
 foundation, and became the fundamental law of the Fraternity. 
 It was adopted in England, Scotland and Ireland, it was 
 adopted in France in 1725, before which, Masonry in any of 
 its forms, was entirely unknown — it was adopted in the United 
 States in 1730, and has become the fundamental law of the 
 Order, wherever that Order is known, over the face of the 
 habitable globe. All this was done at a time when none but 
 the three degrees of Masonry had a being. And under what- 
 ever rite, bodies in Masonry may be working now in any land 
 whatever, this is deemed a " sine qua non." The body must 
 regularly derive, and be able to exhibit the evidence of its 
 legality, by a warrant of Constitution. Without such an 
 
334 SCOTTISH RITE, ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED. 
 
 instrument it is quite unnecessary to repeat the epithets 
 bestowed upon persons guilty of this breach of covenant. 
 
 Is it so in any case, with the Masonry, and the degrees, of 
 which we have attempted to give a history ? It is true that 
 Stephen Morin had proper authority for conferring the degrees, 
 but it was for a special object, viz., the establishment of a 
 Lodge. And if he had followed up this course he would not 
 have laid himself open to censure. This he did not do, but on 
 the contrary, he kept the power delegated to him, and used it 
 for his own private purposes. He conferred the degrees on 
 Francken, Francken conferred them on Hays, Hays conferred 
 them on Isaac Da Costa, Joseph Myers, Solomon Bush, and 
 Barend M. Spitzer. Cohen conferred them on Hyman Isaac 
 Long, and Long conferred them on De la Hogue and De 
 Grasse. Thus John Mitchell, Frederick Dalcho, Emanuel De 
 la Motta, Abraham Jacobs, J. J. J. Gourgas, and a large num- 
 ber of persons, at various times, have received these degrees. 
 Now, it will be recollected, that to all these persons, and 
 many more, a " Patent " was given, signed by the persons con- 
 ferring the degrees, and authorizing him to " go and do likewise." 
 As each of these persons were appointed for a State — thus 
 Francken for Jamaica and the British Leeward islands, Col. 
 Provost for the Windward islands and the British army, Da 
 Costa lor the State of South Carolina, Solomon Bush for the 
 State of Pennsylvania, Hays for Massachusetts, Spitzer for 
 Georgia, Forst for Virginia, and a large number of others ; 
 these, in their turn, appointed others, and in the course of time, 
 these persons had initiated many, to all of whom they had 
 given like powers. 
 
 Now, we do not find a single subordinate body established 
 by Morin's successors, until Feb. 1788, at which period they 
 pretended to establish a Grand Council of Princes of Jeru- 
 salem at Charleston, and, subsequently, a Grand Council of 
 Sublime Princes of the Royal Secret. A Lodge of Perfection 
 was established by Francken at Albany, New York. The date 
 of the seal is 1767, but this is no criterion to go by, as each 
 Inspector has his own seal, bearing date at the time he received 
 his, so-called commission. And as this is the date of Francken's 
 
CONCLUSION, 335 
 
 appointment at Kingston, Jamaica, we are inclined to think 
 that, although this Lodge was established many years subse- 
 quent to that period, yet it bore that date from Francken's 
 seal. 
 
 But none of these things amount to anything, so far as it 
 concerns the conferring of degrees, as we find Abraham Jacobs 
 in Savannah, Georgia, in 1796, and continuing until 1801, con- 
 ferring the degrees, whenever and wherever, he could get the 
 opportunity, in the face of the Charleston body and in the face 
 of the Inspector appointed for that State ; we find De la Motta 
 engaged in the same work ; we find Jacobs in the city of New 
 York in 1804, pursuing the same business, which he continued 
 up to 1840, in the face of all the bodies, even of the one in 
 which he pretended to be a member, with numbers of others in 
 different parts of the land, up to the present time. In fact, the 
 most of those who have received the degrees previous to 1830, 
 south of Mason and Dixon's line, have received them in this 
 way, viz., from individuals, acting under what they term a 
 " Patent." The Supreme Council of Charleston still retains in 
 her Constitutions this individual power. (See Articles 20, 21, 
 and 44.) John Barker, Cushman, and various other person- 
 ages, and last of all, the Rev. Mr. Walker in Chicago, all of 
 whom had this power, conferred the degrees on numerous per- 
 sons and bodies of men. 
 
 It is true there are bodies now working these degrees, which 
 '' derive," and may be considered legal, all of which is well. 
 But, unfortunately, it is the case, that there are many still 
 living who feel that they have a right, under their power, to 
 confer these degrees, in the face of any legal body. Hence, 
 when a dissension or trouble takes place in a Council, Con- 
 sistory, or Chapter of this system, the common result of which, 
 is either a withdrawal or an expulsion, the party separating 
 goes on the same as before. He finds customers, confers the 
 degrees, establishes a body, becomes a rival to the body from 
 which he has withdrawn, or has been cut off, each denounces 
 the other to the world, and so the war begins. Such has been 
 the case during the present year. Brother Raymond was 
 deposed by the Supreme Council of Boston as Grand Comman- 
 
336 SCOTTISH RITE, ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED. 
 
 der. He claimed the power, inherent in himself, and at once 
 initiated members, raised up a body by the side of the one he 
 had been deposed from, as a rival, their mutual denunciations 
 have already commenced, and where it will end no one yet 
 knows. And this is not only the case now, but will continue 
 to be the case, as long as these degrees, and this system, are 
 countenanced by the Fraternity. 
 
 Numerous instances of the kind have occurred, and are 
 occurring every day. Take the proof of the truth of this 
 statement from the exploit of De la Motta, in New York city, 
 in 1813, in the face of the Supreme Grand Council then in 
 existence and declared to be legal by the acknowledgment of 
 the Supreme Council of France. Go to New Orleans, and 
 witness the exploit of Dr. Albert G. Mackey, the Secretary 
 General of the Supreme Council of Charleston, in constituting 
 a Consistory in an upper chamber of that city, (New Orleans,) 
 in the face of a Supreme Council there, which had been in exis- 
 tence Thirteen years, was acknowledged by the Grand Orient 
 of France, and was known the world over, as a legal power. 
 Many other instances might be adduced, but this is enough to 
 prove the truth of all that has been said concerning the 
 illegality of the proceedings of all these bodies. 
 
 These are some of the effects, growing out of the encourage- 
 ment, and patronage, given by the brethren, to the " new or 
 high degrees." We might say here, that the brother who pays 
 his money for such commodities, gets but a poor return for his 
 investment — that he who spends his time in making himself 
 proficient in the science which this system teaches, learns 
 something else than what his labors have entitled him to, and 
 if perchance, in his mistaken view of the matter, he should feel 
 himself called upon to speak in pi-aise of such a system, his 
 hearers can, with truth, point the finger at occurrences and 
 scenes, like those narrated above, and remind him " that 
 Truth is a sterling virtue, and above all price." 
 
 Again. The unceasing strife in this country concerning 
 what is called " Regularity" which has been the starting 
 point of contention from the beginning, and continues so up to 
 the present day. 
 
CONCLUSION. 337 
 
 By referring to the history, it will be seen that the Charles- 
 ton Council commenced operations in 1801, ostensibly by John 
 Mitchell, who conferred upon himself tlie Thirty-third degree, 
 and then conferred it upon Frederick Dalcho. Where John 
 Mitchell procured the degree, how he came in possession of it, 
 or who made it, no one pretends to know. Previous to this 
 time, all the persons who were in possession of the Sublime, 
 Philosophical and Ineffable degrees, had only reached the ■ 
 Twenty-fifth, John Mitchell with the rest, and all these had 
 received them from each other, Stephen Morin beiiio; the head. 
 To speak more properly, the whole number, including Stephen 
 Morin, were possessed of the Rite of Perfection in Twenty- 
 five degrees, and no more. So it is quite evident that none of 
 these of&ciated in this process. On the contrary, all their 
 Patents show, that John Mitchell and Frederick Dalcho con 
 ferred the additional degrees on them. (See Patents, Appen- 
 dix.) It proves itself to have been a self-constituted affair 
 altogether. 
 
 Joseph Cerneau established his Sovereign Grand Consistory, 
 in New York city, in 1807. He pretended to no more then 
 than the Rite of Perfection in Twenty-five degrees. Subse- 
 quently, he established a Supreme Council, viz., in 1811. 
 Cerneau also received his degrees from Stephen Morin, and he 
 conferred those degrees upon all those who received them here, 
 in order to establish his Consistory. So far they were both 
 alike. They were both regular or irregular, just as the reader 
 pleases to judge. They soon, however, became different from 
 each other. Thus, Cerneau conferred the degrees for a 
 specific object, viz., the establishment of the Consistory, and 
 when his number was complete, and the body was constitution- 
 ally full, he applied for, and obtained the recognition, and 
 acknowledgment of the Supreme Council of France. This 
 was in 1812, and so far as regularity is concerned, this made 
 Mr. Cerneau's body regular. In 1816 the Grand Orient of 
 France also acknowledged the Consistory, and Germain Hac- 
 quet, President of the Grand Orient in the chamber of Rites, 
 and Sovereign Grand Consistory, was the Representative 
 there, and continued so during the existence of the Sovereign 
 
338 SCOTTISH RITE, ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED. 
 
 Grand Consistory. In 1822 the acknowledgment was renewed. 
 Now, as it regards regularity, according to Masonic law, 
 Cerneau was regular. 
 
 The Charleston Council, after having begun, died out, and 
 did not revive again until 1821, when it began- to look up, and 
 by the year 1830, after the Consistory had ceased, from the 
 causes which have been fully explained in the history, it ob- 
 tained the acknowledgment of the Grand Orient of France. 
 This made that body regular. 
 
 But many changes have since occurred. The United Supreme 
 Council for the Western Hemisphere, a continuation of the 
 Cerneau Consistory, was established in 1832, and was in treaty 
 of alliance with the Supreme Council of France, also of Bel- 
 gium, also of Brazil, continuing until 1846. The Supreme 
 Council of Louisiana was established in New Orleans in 1839, 
 and was acknowledged by the Grand Orient of France in 1843. 
 The Gourgas Council was also acknowledged in company 
 with the Charleston Council, although it had been mit of exist- 
 ence at that time for Twelve years. Gourgas, however, was 
 living, and he says he composed the Council. 
 
 And what is now the existing state of things. Listen. We 
 have a Supreme Grand Council in Charleston, South Carolina ; 
 a Supreme Council of the Thirty-third in New Orleans, Loui- 
 siana, and a Sovereign Grand Consistory, Thirty-second 
 degree, same rite, under authorized Deputies from Charleston, 
 which makes two rival bodies there ; a Supreme Council of the 
 Thirty-third degree in New York, claiming to be a continuance 
 of the United Supreme Council of the Western Hemisphere, 
 also a Sovereign Grand Consistory, Thirty-second degree. 
 Yan Rensselaer, and a Sovereign Grand Consistory, Thirty- 
 second degree, Raymond body ; a Supreme Council of the 
 Thirty-third degree, Connecticut ; two Supreme Councils in the 
 city of Boston — the one a rival to the other — and a Sovereign 
 Grand Consistory, Thirty-second degree, from the Supreme 
 Council at New York, which will be a rival to both bodies. 
 
 Who will not allow that the " new, ineffable, sublime and philo- 
 sophical" degrees, are in a fair way for notoriety ? And who 
 can tell us " which one," or " how many ' of these Sublime 
 
CONCLUSION. 339 
 
 bodies are the real Simon Pure, in the general estimation and 
 belief of the Fraternity ? We acknowledge it a puzzler. 
 
 The Charleston body has occupied much of its time in de- 
 nouncing the New York body, the Gourgas body uses every 
 opportunity to do the same thing, the Boston bodies are fol- 
 lowing in the same track, and pretty soom, if the work pro- 
 gresses, there will be nothing heard of this system but 
 billingsgate, the standing commodity in which they deal. But 
 thus the strife goes on, and whoever may feel inclined to ven- 
 ture in taking these degrees, will have to do so upon all the 
 uncertainty which attend the proceedings of these bodies. No 
 one of these bodies can be called fully regular, because there 
 SiTe portions of the Masonic world in which they are repudiated — 
 neither can any one of these bodies be called irregular, because 
 there are portions of the Masonic world in which they are 
 recognized and acknowledged. 
 
 Again. The arrogant assumption of power which this sys- 
 tem authorises the " Dignitaries " of the Order to take upon 
 themselves. 
 
 Read over the list : Most Puissant and Thrice Illustrious 
 Brother ; Sovereign Grand Inspector General ; Most Sublime 
 Knight and Valiant Prince ; Thrice Equitable, &c. All these 
 titles sound very well within the walls of a Lodge, or among 
 the assemblies of the brethren. There these things are under- 
 stood. But when any of these titles appear in the public prints, 
 or are attached to documents which are circulated in the world, 
 the effect is soon told. They may " make the vulgar stare," 
 but with the sensible and right feeling Mason, or man of the 
 world, their appearance will excite, only derision and con 
 tempt. 
 
 And it would scarcely be imagined, that these high sounding 
 titles, and empty names, so inflate the possessor, that he 
 believes himself to be, in reality, the veritable article which 
 the sound imports. He is a Sovereign, Thrice Illustrious, 
 Most Puissant, Most Powerful, a Valiant Prince, Ineffable and 
 Sublime, not only among his fellows, but in all the Masonic 
 bodies to which he can gain admittance. 
 
 Take the example of De la Motta, an obscure adventurer. 
 
340 SCOTTISH EITB, ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED. 
 
 Read the documents wHch were issued over his signature. 
 Observe the titles affixed, and so often repeated. Consider the 
 names and standing of the parties whom they most concerned. 
 It is quite unnecessary to repeat all the particulars here. The 
 documents are appended to the history, and the history con- 
 tains the particulars in full. For arrogance, indecency, and 
 downright falsehood, the publications of De la Motta stand 
 unrivalled. Take the publications which were issued in New 
 Orleans, together with the foreign documents attached. Take 
 the Edicts of any, and of all the bodies existing under this 
 regime — read them, and see what conclusions will force them- 
 selves upon your mind. 
 
 Observe the " airs " which these Dignitaries put on " when 
 away from home." It is pleasant to know, that in the pro- 
 gress of Masonry, these things seldom occur. The Frater- 
 nity will not countenance them. But the day has been, and 
 that not a long time since, when these Dignitaries assumed 
 powers in Masonic bodies, which were not written in the laws. 
 And the brethren were willing, in their simplicity, to give way 
 to something which they were then ignorant of. But the light 
 has shone among them. Masons have examined into these 
 things, discussions have been had, books have been written, 
 and out of all, knowledge has sprung forth. So that in the 
 present day, laws have been enacted, forbidding the recogni- 
 tion of any brother, out of the degree in which the body 
 works, or the wearing of jewels or clothing in a lodge, which 
 do not belong to the degrees (Blue Lodge). Therefore the 
 Edicts, Commands, and Inspections, of these persons, are now 
 not much regarded. 
 
 These are some of the evils growing out of the practice of 
 the new degrees — some of the results which are consequent 
 upon the encouragement and patronage bestowed upon them 
 by the Fraternity. It may not, therefore, be a useless task, to 
 trace out the " causes " which lead to this encouragement and 
 patronage. 
 
 First. — Curiosity. 
 
 The history has set forth the extent to which imposition 
 upon the credulity of the public could be carried. Between 
 
CONCLUSION. 341 
 
 the years 1750 and 1760, the people of Prance " became mad, 
 and pressed forward for new degrees." A glance at the number 
 of new rites instituted in those days, will present the proof, 
 that the people were willing and anxious to receive them, or 
 they never would have been manufactured, and offered at 
 public sale. The established rule of trade holds good in 
 regard to the material of " Masonic degrees," as well as all 
 other matters of life, viz., " that the supply is governed by the 
 demand." These systems have found their way into our own 
 land. How the " Rite of Perfection," which afterward became 
 the " Ancient and Accepted Rite," in Thirty-three degrees, 
 came here, we have attempted to show. 
 
 In 1815, the Masonic Monitors then in use, contained only a 
 passing notice of what they then termed the '^Ineffable degrees," 
 extending up to the Fourteenth, and occupying, perhaps, eight 
 pages. They were then treated as side degrees by the Frater- 
 nity generally, and the opinion there given, was anything but 
 complimentary. In 1825 they began to increase in size like 
 the Symbolic degrees, until, at the present time, the rituals of 
 the Thirty-three degrees, as issued ofi&cially by one of the 
 Supreme Councils now forms, a quarto volume, of between five 
 and six hundred pages, closely printed, in small type. The 
 degrees have been " cooked over " so many different times, having 
 had each time, all the additions, improvements, and new discov- 
 eries, together with the " Science, Philosophy, and Metaphysics " 
 added, according to the feelings and views of the operators, 
 that they have attained to what may be called " a full growth." 
 They are so voluminous that very few can be found who would 
 take the trouble to read them ; and we are not far out of the 
 way when we say, that very few could be found who would 
 be willing to go through with them in practice, as they stand 
 written. 
 
 But there are other rites besides this one, among us at the 
 present time. We have the " Rite of Memphis " in Ninety- 
 five degrees, added to which is a new rite, called something 
 like " Bruja," which makes the Schedule amount to the extra- 
 ordinary number of One Hundred aud Thirty-three degrees. 
 The rite of Misraim is very similar, containing over One Hun- 
 
342 SCOTTISH KITE, ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED. 
 
 dred degrees, and it has been said, that it is the " Ancient and 
 Accepted Rite " stretched out. 
 
 One would suppose that the mere sight of these Schedules 
 ■would so disgust the right-minded Mason, that he would turn 
 away — that the gauze which covers the humbug was altogether 
 too thin to hide the impudent pretension, the naked fraud. 
 But experience proves the reverse. 
 
 The brother who has been initiated and raised to the Masters 
 degree, is left in a state of uncertainty. The very nature of 
 the degrees, as at present constituted, produce this result. 
 His curiosity has been awakened, and trifles are not apt to be 
 an impediment to him in his forward journey. He asks for 
 information from those who ought to know, and the replies 
 which he receives, only make him the more earnest in his pur- 
 suit. He asks for guidance, and is directed to some body of 
 men with a high-sounding name, which is said to contain " the 
 Arcana," the very quintessence of Masonry in all its forms. 
 He travels onward, at the sacrifice of time, money and feeling, 
 until he has arrived at the top of the ladder which he has 
 been so long ascending. Has he found that which he was in 
 search of ? And is he satisfied ? Or rather — is he not further 
 off from the object which he sought, than he was at the com- 
 mencement of his travels ? The appeal is made to every sensi- 
 ble Mason who has travelled in this road. His curiosity may 
 have been satisfied as far as this, viz., that he has obtained a 
 slight knowledge of the subject matter contained in the degrees 
 which he has received, and of what material they are composed ; 
 but further than this, as it regards the knowledge he was in 
 search of, it is unsatisfactory, and amounts to very little. 
 
 Still, although nothing more has been attained than the 
 satisfaction of his curiosity, there were some "pretty things" 
 in the degrees, and some " important matters," which he would 
 like to know more about. Making known Ms wishes, there 
 are plenty of pathways to be found which lead to the en- 
 trances of the temples which he seeks. Again he begins to 
 mount the new ladder, and although longer than the former 
 ones, he is sure that he will know all when he has finished his 
 journeys. And what are the results? Mystery — Mystery — 
 
CONCLUSION. 343 
 
 made doubly so at every step, so that at the end it would be a 
 matter of great difficulty to determine, whether he was the 
 wiser or more silly man. The same thing is occurring here 
 that occurred in Europe one hundred years ago, and is 
 attended with the same results. 
 
 Is the view which he now takes of the institution of Masonry, 
 as a whok, calculated to make him a better Mason ? Far from 
 it. On the one hand, there are none so wise as he conceives 
 himself to be, and discontented altogether with, what he terms 
 the " common place " of the Symbolic or lower degrees, he 
 aspires to higher things. Nothing will satisfy him now, but 
 the erection of a body which he can call his own, and forth- 
 with the work is entered upon. If they are disposed to shut 
 out from the Lodge his vast and newly acquired wisdom, he 
 will have a body under his own control, in which he can 
 develop all he has received, even at the sacrifice of covenant 
 obligations and Masonic law and usage, and at it he goes. 
 Hence the numerous bodies and the numerous rites. Or on 
 the other hand, he has seen so much, and listened to so much, 
 of that which is to be lightly esteemed, that he forsakes the 
 Order entirely, having formed the conclusion in his own mind, 
 that it is not worthy of his attention. 
 
 Second. — The " Teachings," or Doctrines, Science, &c. 
 
 The applicant for these commodities is told, in order to urge 
 him forward in his course : 
 
 " That a large portion of the history of Masonry during the first ages, is so 
 mixed with fables, and deteriorated by the rust of ancient times, that no great 
 light can be derived therefrom ; but in proportion as we approach the modern 
 times, we find, to guide us, authentic archives. The way in which the first 
 three grades, or Blue degrees are conferred, evidently proves that they are 
 mere symbols or steps to the Superior or Sublime degrees. 
 
 " Many of the Lectures of the Sublime degrees, contain an epitome of the 
 Arts and Sciences, and several valuable and important facts recorded in the 
 Historical divisions, which have been obtained from authentic Archives in the 
 possession of our Society ; and which, from the manner of their communicar 
 tion, can never be mutilated or corrupted, which is of the highest importance 
 in a Society, the principles and management of which must be invariable. 
 
 " Much irregularity has unfortunately crept into the Blue degrees, in conse- 
 quence of the want of Masonic knowledge in many of those who preside over 
 their meetings ; and it is particularly so with those who are unacquainted with 
 
344 SCOTTISH RITE, ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED. 
 
 the Hebrew language, in which all the Words and Pass Words are given. So 
 essentially necessary is it for a man of Science to preside over a Lodge, that 
 much injury may arise from the smallest deviation in the ceremony of Initia- 
 tion or in the Lecture of Instruction. 
 
 '■ The various translations which have been made of the Symbolic degrees, 
 as they passed from one tongue into another, through translators who were 
 ignorant of their own language, have not a little contributed to produce the 
 variations of which we complain. 
 
 " But it has not been so with the Superior degrees. They show themselves 
 clothed with the Sublime vestments which they received from their founders. 
 Born amidst the labors of Sciencb, and embellished by Genius, many of thejn 
 are based on the Beautiful Arts, and spread out a mass of Light which is a 
 cause of infinite interest for Masons, ^c. 
 
 " In 1552 a record came to light in Syrian characters, relating to the most 
 remote antiquity ; and from which it would appear, that the world is many 
 thousand years older than given by the Masonic account, &c." 
 
 Here we have a few of the pretensions made by these bodies, 
 but only a few, extracted from the Charleston document. (See 
 Appendix, Document No. 7.) Here we are told that the first 
 three degrees are mere symbols to tlie Superior degrees — that 
 an epitome of the Arts and Sciences are contained there — that 
 all " Blue Masons " are very ignorant, and must eome from the 
 Blue Lodge, which is in a very imperfect condition, to the 
 Superior degrees, which were born amidst the labors of Science, 
 embellished by Genius, based on the Beautiful Arts, and spread 
 out a mass of Light j and that the Bible account of the age of 
 the world is a mere moonshine in comparison to their account 
 of the matter. All this, and a great deal more, is preached up 
 to the new Initiates, that they may be induced to complete 
 their Masonic education in their " School." 
 
 Now, let us turn from this account given by the Charleston 
 Council to the opinions of authors, who knew quite as much 
 about the matter, all of them being possessors of the degrees 
 in full. 
 
 Clavel says : 
 
 " That in 1743 the Masons of Lyons invented the ' Petit Elu,'' which was 
 afterwards known as the Kadosch, and out of which were developed several 
 other Elu degrees. About the same time ' Philosophism ' composed several de- 
 grees, and among others the ' Knight of the Sun.' The Jesuits composed the 
 ' Rose Croix,' which the Philosophers took possession of, and gave its symbols 
 an Astronomical interpretation. Soon after the ' Kaballa, Magic, Evocation of 
 
CONCLUSION. 345 
 
 Spirits, Divinatioiij Alchemy, Hermeticism, Theosophy, and every sort of 
 empty liumbug were worked up into degrees, and taught in the Lodges. The 
 ineffable stupidity of most of the rituals was a perfect antidote to the loose- 
 ness of their doctrines. Taking the rituals in the aggregate, Ihe history of the 
 human race does not present such a scene of shameless imposition, impudence, and 
 folly, on the part of a few Charlatans, and of pitiable stupidity on the part of 
 the many who were gulled." 
 
 Again : 
 
 " The multitude of degrees whose rituals cannot be read without disgust, 
 got grouped together in different ways and were systematized, and thence grew 
 up these series of initiations into successive degrees, which are termed ' Rites,' 
 distinguished one from another by having diflerent categories of degrees, and 
 each category governed by a distinct body." — Clavel. 
 
 Ragon thus speaks of the " Primitive Rite :" 
 
 " The fourth and last Chapter, called ' Chapter of the Brothers Rose Croix 
 of the Grand Rosary.' It assiduously studies the specialities, Ontology, the 
 Science of Existence, Psychology, Pneumatology, in a word, all the branches 
 of those Sciences which are termed Occult or Secret, as Alchemy, Hermeticism, 
 Magic, &c." 
 
 Thory — Acta Latamorum, says : 
 
 " There were Eighteen different degrees of Apprentice, Nineteen of Fellow 
 Craft, Sixty-four of Master Mason, Thirty-six of the Blus, Sixty-eight of the 
 Ecossais, Twelve of the Rose Croix, Twenty-seven of the Philosophic degrees, 
 and Six of the Kadosch, these Eight degrees alone furnishing Two Hundred 
 and forty-nine Rituals. 
 
 " In all there have been probably some Six Hundred to Eight Hundred 
 degrees, and variations of degrees in practice." 
 
 These accounts of the Ineffable and Sublime degrees do not 
 agree with the Charleston document, nor lead one to suppose 
 that " they were born amidst the labors of Science, embellished 
 by Genius, or based on the Beautiful Arts, &c." But to pro- 
 ceed. 
 
 These are the degrees which are brought to this country 
 under different names and forms, which it is quite unnecessary 
 to particularize. But great stress is laid upon the " Ancient 
 and Accepted Rite," as one made up of Thirty-three degrees, 
 taken or selected from this pile, and made into a new rite. It 
 would be supposed that out of this immense stock some good 
 might be searched out and retained. But what do we find ? 
 Simply this, viz., the " Rite of Perfection " in its original form 
 
846 SCOTTISH RITE,. ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED. 
 
 Up to the Eighteenth or Rose Croix degree, and the remaining 
 seven degrees stretched apart, and the vacancies thus made, 
 filled in by degrees, taken at random, having no connection 
 whatever with the rite, and the Thirty-third manufactured to 
 suit. Would the reader know what the value of this system is, 
 or the nature of its teachings ? Let him turn to the criticism 
 in the history, page 51 and 52. 
 Des Etanges says : 
 
 " That the rituals are an incoherent medly of all sorts of practices and 
 ceremonies, taken from the old religions of India, of Egypt, from Jewish and 
 Christian books, &c., &c." 
 
 Vassal gives a long account of the whole degrees, fully con- 
 curring with the above author. 
 
 But the strenuous advocates of the sublimity of the " Ancient 
 and Accepted Rite " pretend that they have the Ancient rituals, 
 which are pure. They pretend that they differ from all that 
 are in existence, and give them the most exalted character. 
 Let us examine this. Their rituals came from Stephen Morin, 
 in Twenty-five degrees. So far, we know what they are, for 
 we are in possession of the same. Then the Seven other de- 
 grees. Those we know, having legitimately received them. 
 We have the rituals. Then the Thirty-third and last degree. 
 That also we have taken, and know all about it. Further, all 
 these rituals correspond exactly with the published manual 
 before mentioned, except the "Sciences, Philosophy, &c." 
 
 Now, what are the teachings of these said degrees. One of 
 their own active members shall tell the story. 
 
 This writer, in speaking of his opponent, a brother of the 
 Thirty-third, says : 
 
 " He claims for himself the title of a ' Philosopher ' and we hear constantly 
 of the ' Philosophy of his Rite.' We scarcely think that any of the great 
 Masters of Philosophy and Thought, would admit that the word was properly 
 applied to the shallow commonplaces of his analysis of the degrees. To judge 
 from all that he has published, one who should receive the degrees from him, 
 would never go forth from his temples a proficient in Metaphysics, Aesthetics, 
 or Dialectics, or even with anything but a stock of immorality. In Philoso- 
 phy, as in knowledge of history, he is a mere, empty, shallow pretender, &c. 
 
 " And when this individual tells the world that his rite in Masonry, the 
 
CONCLUSION, 347 
 
 Scottish rite, at first vamped up by Vsisaal, and afterwards re-hashed, &o., 
 means to enfranchise man, and conquer for him his rights, means physically, 
 morally and intellectually, to advance the individual, and politically, religious- 
 ly and socially, emancipate the peoples, the world simply laughs in the Charla- 
 tan's face, and asks him if he imagines that the part of Cagliostro can be 
 enacted at this day, and especially by him, and if he imagines it can be gulled 
 by pompous pretensions, long ago put forth by other men like him, to gull the 
 simple, and delude those who cannot see a trap when it lies in their broad 
 view, set, and open before their eyes. ' It is an institution eminently ' Pkiloso- 
 phical ' too. 0, sacred word Philosophy — how art thou abused ! Whose 
 Philosophy does it teach ? The Sensualistic, the Idealistic, Scholastic, Tran- 
 scendental, Eclectic, or Positive ? Does it swear by Liebnitz or Spinosa, 
 Descartes, Mallebranche, Condorcet, Kant, Hegel, Pichte, Cousin, or Comte ? 
 What does it teach as to the nature and essence of Deity, the mysteries of Crea- 
 tion, the existence of matter, the nature of the soul, all the great questions 
 that have agitated the human mind for centuries and centuries, and built up all 
 the successive schools of Philosophy ? The answer is — Noni> — and nothing 
 in particular .' It sticks together some flashy sounding words — makes specious, 
 tawdry, and hollow sentences, and presents us with a mixture, composed of a 
 little dash of Piety, some commonplace Ethics, a profusion of spangled and 
 painted sentimentality, and some shallow thoughts, that only skim along 
 the surface of Philosophy and Metaphysics ; and this is called Philosophy, 
 and with it he is going to enfranchise mankind. It is a sort of Pinchbeck 
 "Voltairism galvanized by Jesuitism." 
 
 The reason of giving this quotation, is' simply to show what 
 opinion is entertained of the teachings of the degrees by those 
 persons who have received them, and are at the present time 
 active in administering them. The brother concerning whom 
 the above was written, received all his degrees in France. The 
 Thirty-third degree from the Grant Orient, and is now the 
 Sovereign Grand Commander of a Supreme Council. The 
 brother who wrote the above received his, degrees from him, 
 and was an active member of his Council. A difference 
 occurred, tbey separated, and the writer became a member of 
 the Charleston Council, and Deputy in New Orleans. This 
 letter is one of the products of the controversy. As it regards 
 the one Council or the other, it makes no difference— the 
 rituals are all alike. The above remarks will apply to them all, 
 composed as they are, of a little Judaism, a great deal of the 
 science of the Gnostics, and the doctrines of the Manicheans. a 
 little of the Eastern Philosophy, so called, a few startling mis- 
 
348 SCOTTISH BITE, ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED. 
 
 representations of Christian doctrine, and a sprinkle of Blas- 
 phemy all the way through, held together by a parcel of fables, 
 too silly to be repeated. But this writer further says : 
 
 -' It Is true that the object of the Scottish rite is to effect the physical, 
 moral, and intellectual improvement of the initiates. A very few only of its 
 degrees, as originally framed, conduct to that end in any marked degree. It 
 is an 'agglomeration,' not a systematic succession of degrees. It teaches 
 Industry, and the excellence of labor, the moral virtues, and the great Cardinal 
 truths on which all religions are founded. Its intellectual teachings are to be 
 found in its Words and Symbols, and not in its formal instruction. They 
 are conveyed by ' obscure hints,' " &c. 
 
 Now, if this be the case, why do we see so many differ- 
 ejit expositions of these Words and Symbols in the form of 
 Rituals. According to this explanation, that which Chemin 
 Dupontes says concerning the matter, is correct. He states, 
 that each Scotch rite degree was a "frame " which each could 
 fill up as he thought proper. This may possibly account for 
 the length to which all these rituals have attained. There is 
 truly, very little matter in any, or all the old rituals. But in 
 those which we now have, which come from the Charleston 
 Council, and which are printed in full, it is an amazing sight. 
 But be the rituals long or short, 
 
 Who, that has ever taken the degrees, can be persuaded, 
 that Science is taught, or Philosophy cultivated, in a Lodge of 
 the High Degrees of Masonry ? 
 
 Third. — the increased Interest or Benefit they expect to derive. 
 
 Many of the brethren are carried away with the idea, that if 
 there is any benefit attached to the possession of the first three 
 degrees of Masonry, that benefit must be greatly enhanced by 
 being a member of the Thirty-third degree. The high sound- 
 ing titles attached to the degrees, the number and variety of 
 Jewels they can wear, and the decorations with which they 
 can adorn themselves, all seem to turn them aside from the 
 true object and design of Masonry. They forget the univer- 
 sality of the first three degrees, and the very limited knowledge 
 in the world, of anything beyond. And that the recognition 
 of the High degrees are quite limited. Scotland, the country 
 from which the mountebanks profess that they originated, does 
 
CONCLUSION. , 349 
 
 not recognize them at all. Until within a very few years, say 
 1830, England and Ireland denounced them, and in many parts 
 of the globe they are not even known by name. While Ancient 
 Craft Masonry is known and recognized in almost every por- 
 tion of the habitable globe. France, the mother of the High 
 degrees, is the land where they are mostly practiced, but even 
 there. Masonry in its first degrees, is far better known, and 
 more warmly cherished than the High degrees. 
 
 Having noticed some of the evils growing out of the encour- 
 agement and patronage bestowed by the Fraternity upon the 
 High degrees, and the causes which produce them, we will 
 now inquire into the means of obviating them. 
 
 The Degrees of High Masonry are already founded and 
 established in this land, but unfortunately, as at present organ- 
 ized, are antagonistic to what we term. Ancient Craft Masonry. 
 And this must necessarily be the case, as long as the two sys- 
 tems exist in this form. One way of obviating the difficulty 
 has many times been suggested, but with very little probability 
 that the suggestion will ever be acceded to by the Craft. It is 
 simply this, viz., To make the Rites independent of each other 
 — Toleration being the basis. The creation of a Grand East, 
 like the Grand Orient of France, where all the Rites shall be 
 equally represented, where they shall govern themselves as 
 they understand it, and independently of each other, or, to 
 have a Grand Bast for the York rite, one for the Scottish rite, 
 each having control over all the degrees of the rite wliich it 
 practices, but the brethren acknowledging each other, whether 
 in the Symbolic or other degrees, thus allowing every man to 
 pursue the course he deems the best, as it relates to the forms 
 of the degrees which he receives, and living together as 
 brethren of a common family. This plan has been adopted in 
 other countries to the benefit of the Order, but it is very 
 doubtful whether it will ever be adopted here. Every effort 
 towards this end which has hitherto been made, has not only 
 resulted in a signal failure, but has had the effect of strength- 
 ening the prejudices of the brethren in favor of Ancient Craft 
 Masonry, and widening the breach. 
 
 This mode then, under the existing state of feeling among 
 
350 SCOTTISH ^ITE, ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED. 
 
 the brethren, cannot be effected. And perhaps, all things con- 
 sidered, it is best that it should not. Were it effected, it 
 would cause a cessation of hostility, and peaceful principles 
 would prevail. But at the same time, it would be opening the 
 door for the introduction of many other rites called Masonic, 
 with which we are not now troubled, and by giving them the 
 sanction of a Grand East, Toleration, &c., so engraft them 
 upon what we term pure Ancient Masonry, that they would 
 become part and parcel of the same, thus causing Masonry to 
 lose its peculiar characteristics, and become a mixture, the 
 nature and qualities of which it would be impossible to know. 
 
 Another mode, and by far the best, is to have nothing what- 
 ever to do with the Higher degrees. It is not necessary to 
 recapitulate the reasons for advising this course ; they are given 
 in this chapter, and in every part of the history. But the 
 principal, and main reason, we have not yet given. It is this, 
 viz.. We advise, that brethren of the Lodges have nothing to 
 do with the higher degrees, because they are not Masonry — 
 have no connection with it, and have nothing whatever to do 
 with it. The origin of the degrees, the material out of which 
 they have been manufactured, their progress and accompani- 
 ments, have been already noticed fully. They are simply 
 modern trash, without a single feature or quality in them, 
 which would recommend them to the favorable consideration 
 of worthy and sensible brethren. This is the opinion which 
 we entertain now, and have entertained for long years, con- 
 cerning these degrees. And it has been often and fully 
 expressed. To prove its correctness will not be undertaken 
 here. This is not the proper place. 
 
 While, on the other hand, we believe, that what is commonly 
 known as " Ancient Craft Masonry," contained in the first 
 three degrees, with the appendage of what is now known as 
 the " Royal Arch degree" which was originally a portion of 
 the third degree, contains all that is known of Masonry, and 
 with it there is no more. And that every addition, improve- 
 ment, decoration, or interpolation, to this beautiful and simple 
 system of instruction, is of evil tendency, and will bring the 
 Order into disrepute. Of course, this will be taken for what 
 
CONCLUSION. 351 
 
 it is worth, viz., the opinion of the author. Nevertheless, he 
 may be permitted to say, that he has given the subject some 
 attention during a period of Thirty-nine years, in which time 
 he has had the opportunity of examining it in all its parts. 
 The reader may not agree with him, and he cannot feel hurt at 
 this difference, still he would ask the favor of being heard, 
 concerning the reasons why he has arrived at these conclusions, 
 so different from those which have generally been expected by 
 the Fraternity. 
 
 Ancient Masonry is a beautiful and complete system of 
 instruction within itself, beginning with the First, and ending 
 with the Third degree, based upon the subjects of " Life, Time, 
 Death, and Immortality," and embracing the duties which Man 
 owes, and is bound to render, to God, to his Neighbour, and to 
 himself. , 
 
 It is of very great Antiquity — is Universal — and has been 
 remarkably preserved. 
 
 It is a most remarkable fact concerning Ancient Masonry 
 that, wherever it is known throughout the world, in all its 
 essential particulars, it is one and the same. Whether we 
 travel among the Indians in the deep forests of our own land, 
 or among the mountains of South America, in the land of the 
 Mahommedan or the Turk, or in the East Indies, where our 
 present traditions are unknown, in all portions of the habit- 
 able globe, the " Landmarks " are the same. And the lonely 
 and forsaken brother finds friends and helpers, where, under 
 other circumstances, he would have perished by the way. True 
 they have their own language, and their own symbols ; but 
 according to their own rude manners, they inculcate the same 
 great truths, and observe, with greater care, those bonds 
 which cause them to listen to the cry of the poor and the 
 needy, than the Masons of civilized lands. 
 
 If we begin with the day in which we live, and trace the in- 
 stitution down through all preceding time, as far as we can 
 discover any footprints of its existence, it proves itself to be 
 one, and the same. And is it not wonderful that such an insti- 
 tution, notwithstanding the great and varied changes which it 
 has undergone, the great opposition it has met with, and the 
 
352 SCOTTISH RITE, ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED. 
 
 severe persecutions it has suffered, has outlived every human 
 structure. 
 
 The other fraternities of the ancient world have perished 
 with the nations that gave them birth. Their histories are 
 rapidly passing into oblivion. Pure and Ancient Masonry 
 can boast no attractions greater than those of other societies, 
 which have passed away and are forgotten. The imposing 
 character of her external appearance has been far exceeded by 
 that of some other institutions. The outward pomp and 
 splendor of celebration which leads captive the sense of the 
 beholder, could not preserve the mysteries of Ancient Greece, 
 and they are long since extinct. While on the other hand, 
 the darkness, ignorance, and superstition which covered those 
 portions of the world where Masonry found a hiding-place, 
 and kept alive the fire upon her altars, could never extinguish 
 or even diminish in brightness, that pure flame. And although 
 in the present day, we find the institution bedecked in finery, 
 and lumbered up with false and foolish traditions, and silly 
 tales, which would usurp the place of the real and the true, and 
 thus crowd out from the mind all that is of value, yet even this 
 has not supplanted her ; she still lives, and will live on, when 
 these things are forgotten and have passed away. 
 
 Equally fruitless would it be to ascribe the cause of its per- 
 petuity to its being a Secret Society. Other societies have 
 possessed secrets, and have kept them, and the Societies and 
 their secrets have perished together. Neither can it be attrib- 
 uted to Religious causes. This is disclaimed, and the glory 
 and the beauty of Masonry is, that rejecting all Sects, and all 
 Religions, she receives all within her pale who acknowledge, 
 and believe, in the existence of one true and ever-living God. 
 Throughout the whole course of its travels. Masonry has never 
 assumed to be a " Teacher of Religion" among those where her 
 lot was cast. For she sought Seclusion instead of Publicity, 
 and only those who were so happy as to be received within her 
 portal, were at all acquainted with the doctrines which she 
 taught. 
 
 Nor will the form of Civil Government under which Lodges 
 have been holden, the languages and customs of the different 
 
CONCLUSION. 353 
 
 nations, or the laws enacted for, or against the Craft. Masonry, 
 in all ages, and in all countries in the civilized world, has been 
 equally unaffected by the storms of war and persecution, and 
 by the calm of peace, by laws made for its preservation, and 
 for its suppression, by the most unrelenting despotism, and by 
 the wildest licentiousness. 
 
 It becomes an interesting question then — " How has it hap- 
 pened that of all the Ancient Societies, Masonry has alone 
 survived — and that, even of this institution, nothing now 
 remains but in name, except the great characteristics of 
 its Religion ? Traditions, Histories, Emblems, Ceremonies. 
 Usages, and Explanations we have, in all the abundance and 
 variety we can ask for. But pure Masonry stands unnoticed, 
 uncared for, and alone. Like the remains of some vast edifice 
 of unknown sacredness, which has been beaten by the storm of 
 ages unnumbered, its general outline, and its great proportions 
 remain, while its lighter finishings are no longer to be discov- 
 ered. The Pedestal and the Column still exist, but rutiiless 
 time has destroyed the characteristic ornaments of the entab- 
 lature. It is still recognized and admired as a venerable 
 specimen of Architecture, but the particular order is unknown. 
 
 Ancient Masonry, pure in its Symbolism, and easy of inter- 
 pretation, has suffered, in many respects, like the Mysteries of 
 old. It is a symbolical institution, from the beginning to the 
 •end. It has not now, nor ever has had, anything to do with 
 material mortar, or material stone, nothing to do with the 
 wages of bodily labor, or with the labor itself. It has nothing 
 to do with the upraising of material buildings, whether in the 
 ages past, the present, or the future. And so she declares for 
 herself, at the very vestibule of her temple. This is patent 
 in all the published handbooks of the Order, as well as in all 
 the rituals of her practice. Whatever tool of the Mechanic is 
 made use of, is declared to be, not for a material, but for a 
 symbolic purpose. The Apron, the Gavel, the Twenty-four 
 inch guage, the Plumb, Level, and Square, the Trowel), the 
 ■Compass, &c., are all declared to be for other uses than those 
 •of mechanical labor. The Rough Ashlar, the Polished stone, 
 the Trestle board, containing the rules for the work, and the 
 
354 SCOTTISH RITE, FREE AND ACCEPTED. 
 
 Lights, by which its designs are read and studied, all speak a 
 language foreign to the labor of mans' hands, or the travels of 
 his feet ; they point to a better destiny than the changing 
 and uncertain scenes of time, and proclaim the erection of a 
 Spiritual Temple, of which the laborer himself will form a 
 component part. These symbols form and constitute her 
 very existence, and distinguish her character. They have 
 been handed down to us through the generations of men, from 
 the very beginning ; they lay before us now, nearly in all the 
 simplicity, purity and perfection, which they had when they 
 came from the wise men of old, and they teach doctrines of the 
 most imposing and momentous kind, simple, and self-evident in 
 themselves. 
 
 " Alas ! " we may well say, while we behold these very 
 degrees, as now conferred. They have become so deformed 
 by the labors of others, that it is now almost an impossibility 
 to find these doctrines and their interpretation. The blame 
 rests mainly with the Lecturers, Improvers, Innovators, and 
 Inventors, as well as the propagators of new rites. And it 
 is only by stripping them of the " additions," and false embel- 
 lishments, of their " Science," falsely so called, and their 
 "Philosophy" equally as false, and above all, from the "gross 
 materialism " with which they are covered over, and then 
 studying them in their nakedness, that we can discover their 
 beauty, and bring it forth to the Light. 
 
 As a system of Instruction, it is beautiful and complete. 
 
 It commences with the beginning of all things. It points 
 out to us the surface of this globe on which we live, as the 
 dimensions of the Lodge, and the field for the beneficent 
 labors of the brethren. Its covering is the heavens, and this 
 canopy is supported by Almighty power. The Lights given to 
 this glorious and stupendous edifice, are the Sun, the Moon, 
 and the Stars, and by the medium of these shining orbs, kept 
 in their places, and directed by Omnipotence, man is enabled 
 to pursue his labors. 
 
 That the Master is Eternal, the Immortal, the Invisible — the 
 only wise God, whose dwelling is on high — that we are his 
 creatures, dwellers upon the earth, children of the dust, that 
 
CONCLUSION. 355 
 
 although there is an apparent separation, God being in the 
 heavens, and we creatures of Earth, yet by means of the ladder 
 which Jacob saw in his visions of the night, we may hope to 
 ascend into the immediate presence of the Master like the 
 Angels of the Most High. 
 
 That we are descendants of a common parent, are the same 
 in all respects, as it regards our fallen state, that the stamp of 
 depravity in one shape or the other, appears impressed upon 
 the general conduct. Pride, Ambition, Tyranny, Persecution, 
 Revenge, Malice, Envy, Falsehood, Deceit, Covetousness, 
 Anger, and other malignant passions, infect all ranks and con- 
 ditions of men, the higher equally with the lower, though 
 among the former it is sometimes varnished over by a fair 
 exterior. 
 
 That all ranks come to the same termination. They at last 
 take up their dwelling in the house 'appointed for all the living. 
 
 That the Soul, or the thinking principle in man, dies not, 
 but is immortal, and will live on, through the countless agf^s of 
 Eternity. 
 
 That there will be a Resurrection of the body from the grave, 
 and the Soul, which formerly had its dwelling place there, but 
 was separated by Death, will be re-unitcd to the body, and 
 thus, the re-united being will live forever. 
 
 The symbolism of the first degree is " Youth" the vestibule 
 of human life, where the scenes through which we pass, assume 
 a golden aspect, where all is peaceful, and not a ripple is dis- 
 covered on the surface of the tide, which is wafting the Spirit 
 onward to Immortality. And what period more proper than 
 early life to learn the truths which are contained in the degree. 
 It is the first round of the Ladder which reaches from Earth to 
 Heaven. It is the Youth, or the beginning of instruction. It 
 is being bound as an Apprentice to the Master on high, to 
 serve his appointed time. It is the introduction of the ''first 
 principles of Truth." They are presented for his acceptance, 
 and must be received by Faith. Hence the name of the degree. 
 Apprentice, Youth, Faith. 
 
 The symbolism of the second degree is " Manhood" of which 
 it is indicative, and alludes to the second round, or second 
 
356 SCOTTISH RITE, ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED. 
 
 step, hence it is named " Hope." The period of youth has 
 passed away, and it is presumed that the time has been dili- 
 gently spent, in examining the designs and instructions of the 
 Master, in using the symbol of power, in asking for needed aid 
 from on high, in working during the time of labor, and repos- 
 ing during the allotted time of rest, in meditating upon the 
 works of the Master, and returning thanks for blessings 
 received. With the performance of these duties, the time has 
 passed on, manhqod has taken the place of the former period, 
 and the results of the labor performed are now to be inspected 
 and tried. Here the question is settled by unerring tests, how 
 far the work of the vestibule or court of the temple has pro- 
 gressed. These tests are termed the " Jewels of Manhood '' — 
 the jewels of the degree. And that his work should be more 
 perfectly adorned, he was directed to the study of the liberal 
 Arts and Sciences, by means of which he could add to the per- 
 fection of the beauty of the work he was engaged in, remem- 
 bering the lessons of Youth — that Time flies — that Death 
 approaches, and what was to be done, must be accomplished in 
 the allotted time. 
 
 He has passed from the "Vestibule to the Sanctuary — he has 
 passed the first round of the Mystic Ladder in his upward 
 course, and his feet are firmly fixed on the second round, bear- 
 ing his work with him. He looks again — the rough edges 
 have been removed, the stone presents a polished surface, it is 
 beautifully adorned, and Hope lights up his countenance with 
 Joy. The Plumb, Level, and Square, are in his hand — with 
 these he frequently inspects the result of his labor, and if at 
 any time he becomes pleased at the sight, and the result of his 
 work, as earthly workmen are often apt to be, yet, when the 
 reflection comes to his mind, that '" the Master seeth not as 
 man seeth," he stands abashed, and in deep humility waits 
 his allotted time, until the Master shall appear, and call him 
 into his presence, that his work may be tried. 
 
 This is, indeed, the second round of the Mystic ladder — it is 
 Hope springing out of Faith, it is Manhood springing out of 
 Youth — it is the Fellow Crafts degree. 
 
 The symbolism of the Third degree is Old jifte, the ending 
 
CONCLUSION. 357 
 
 period of human life, and it is termed, "Charity.^' It is the 
 Third round of the Mystic Ladder, which reaches to the skies, 
 the upper round of which is not discernable, being hidden by 
 the clouds. 
 
 His feet are on the second round, and he is urged forward 
 ill his ascent. He rises, and nerves himself to the task. Can 
 it be amazement or affright, which holds him motionless and 
 still ? What object meets his view ? The door has opened, 
 and through the dimness of the light he discovers the dark 
 portal through which he is to pass. Is it strange that his 
 reflections cause him to hesitate — to stand still — to draw back 
 as it were from the darkness whicli envelopes that solitary and 
 lonely pathway ? The silver cord will soon be loosed, the 
 golden bowl be broken, the pitcher be broken at the fountain, 
 the wheel broken at the cistern, the dust return to the earth, 
 as it was, and the spirit unto God who gave it. 
 
 But Hope springs up as he looks back upon the past. He 
 remembers the discovery of his darkness, his poverty, his 
 nakedness and want, he remembers the hand that guided him 
 iu his hour of sorrow, through dangerous paths, until he came 
 forth into the light, he remembers the instructions given, and 
 the labour applied ; and as he beholds the work wrought, and 
 compares it with the description laid down in the Trestle 
 board, his fear vanishes, and Love takes its place — Love for 
 the light which has beamed in upon his mind — Love for the 
 preserving care that has brought him thus far on his journey, 
 and Love, that the same hand will bring him safely through. 
 He takes courage and proceeds. 
 
 A little time there yet remains before he passes the last 
 round of that mystic ladder. With his trowel in his hand, he 
 walks around the Temple which he is laboring to build. It is 
 a temple sacred to the name of God. He has learned that 
 Fraternal love is the cement which binds the building in one 
 common mass, that if this is wanting, the whole becomes a 
 heg,p of rubbish, and of no worth. That he must labor dili- 
 gently in spreading this cement. 
 
 The Emblem of Industry, the Pot of Incense, the Anchor and 
 
358 SCOTTISH RITE, ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED. 
 
 Ark, and other symbols remind him of his duties, and encourage 
 him to Hope. 
 
 But the allotted time has come, and the Master's voice is 
 heard. The lesson he receives will never be forgotten — it is 
 the illustration of the last symbols of the degree, and proclaims 
 those eternal truths in all their simplicity and sternness, which 
 have been before mentioned, and of which the institution may 
 be justly proud, that man was created in the image of God, 
 but fell from his high estate and has become a child of dust, 
 that although deformed and fallen, he can be restored to his 
 pristine state — that Time is on the wing, and rapidly passes 
 away— that Death is the common lot — that the body will rise 
 again — that in view of these solemn and momentous truths, 
 we should diligently employ ourselves in the work we have to 
 do. 
 
 These are the teachings of the first three degrees of Ancient 
 Masonry, which contain all that Masonry contains. There is, 
 there can be, no more. They reach from the " heginning to the 
 end,' and contain all that is embraced in man and his existence 
 from the cradle to the grave. 
 
 In thus giving them, we do not feel that we are trenching 
 upon the mysteries, or exposing any of the secrets of Masonry. 
 They may be read in every Masonic Monitor which is published 
 in the land, and all the symbols spoken of, may also be seen, 
 with appropriate explanations, corresponding with all we have 
 written here. As a matter of course, the ceremonial, ritual, 
 and instructions can only be learned within the walls of a just 
 and legally constituted Lodge. 
 
 Perhaps it may be objected to by the reader, on the ground, 
 that he does not so understand the illustrations of these degrees, 
 as given by the author. And this is by no means strange. 
 The reason will be obvious after a moment's reflection. A 
 few hints will set the matter right. 
 
 The Emblems, Ceremonial, Ritual, and Instructions of the 
 three degrees of Ancient Masonry were once, very simple, and 
 very short. Their practice occupied but a very short tine. 
 This was the case even in 1717 of our own Bra. The same 
 fate which has overtaken the Sublime degrees has overtaken 
 
CONCLUSION. 359 
 
 Ancient Masonry. By the year 1775 they had become quite 
 extended, and in 1800 they underwent a mighty change. And 
 ever since that time, Improvers, Interpolators, Inventors, and 
 Lecturers, have occupied themselves diligently, in adding to, 
 and increasing the beauty and simplicity of the ritual, cere- 
 monies, &c., until now it has become so monstrous and verbose, 
 that it takes from two to three hours to confer a single degree. 
 The very evil has crept upon us, which others by experience 
 have avoided. The Grand Orient of France, finding the 
 Eighteen degrees of Perfection too long, tedious, and full of 
 repetitions, revised them. The result of their labors was just 
 what would have been expected, viz., embracing all that was 
 of any importance in fifteen of the degrees, in the small space 
 of four short degrees, and greatly pruning out the first three 
 degrees, so that the service in them is confined to a very short 
 space of time, except in the Initiatory degree. This is now 
 known all over the world as the " Modern French rite." The 
 same work should be done with our own degrees. This 
 " lengthening out " by repetition and re-repetition, to three 
 hours time that which could be done in one hour, very easily 
 and satisfactorily, has become a very general cause of complaint 
 among the Fraternity. (See example in Appendix, Document 
 No. 45.) It is driving them away from the Lodges, and doing 
 more for the Higher degrees than any other thing. If the plan 
 was adopted, of cutting down the ritual, as now practiced, to 
 its primitive purity and shape, thereby making it perfectly 
 comprehensive and simple, and giving one-half, and perhaps 
 two-thirds of the evening, spent in a meeting of the Lodge, to 
 the reading of essays upon important subjects connected with 
 the institution, the delivery of addresses upon matters con- 
 nected with the symbols, the proper dispensing of its charities, 
 the illustration of morals, and other matters of interest, as an- 
 tiquities, information from abroad, correspondence, &c., the 
 character of our Lodges would be at once renovated, the meet- 
 ings would not only be well attended but full of interest, and 
 what is more than all, it would be time usefully spent, and 
 would afford subject matter for reflection, unaccompanied with 
 vain regrets. 
 
360 SCOTTISH RITE, AXCIENT AND ACCEPTED. 
 
 If this course were pursued, we should hear less about the 
 High degrees, the Ancient and Accepted Rite, the Egyptian 
 Rite — less about the Philosophy there taught — less about the 
 Science of the Gnostics, the doctrines of the Manicbeans, the 
 Philosophy of the East, the Astronomical interpretation of the 
 Emblems, the Kabballa, and the occult sciences, less about 
 improving and adding to ceremonials, the more beautiful be- 
 cause of their simplicity, and have less to complain of in the 
 way of an empty treasury in the Lodge, want of interest in the 
 proceedings of the Fraternity, and poor attendance at the 
 stated meetings of the Craft. 
 
 But the writer has very little hope that this desirable refor- 
 mation will be speedily brought about. The inquiry for some- 
 thing new, is, at the present time, quite as pressing and urgent 
 as it has ever been, the love of Novelty is just as strong. So 
 long as the minds of the brethren are thus affected, these de- 
 mands will be satisfied by the furnishing of new rites, systems, 
 degrees, and improvements, until the appetite is sated. The 
 Ancient and Accepted Rite has begun in this quarter, again 
 to lift its head, and as the increase of interest is felt, the 
 degrees are becoming enlarged, the decorations beautified, the 
 Jewels re-modelled and improved, the titles swelled out, the 
 badges of distinction increased in number, and the OflBces, 
 numerous as they are under the system, are made more so, in 
 order to satisfy the aspirations of the Neophytes in this new 
 order of things. We do not care to inquire where it will end ; 
 but we know it cannot last, simply because the system contains 
 within itself, the elements of its own destruction. It will fall 
 by its own weight. 
 
 There is, however, much amid the confusion which is cause 
 for gratulation. The institution which we venerate, still re- 
 mains. It has stood the shock of time and circumstances, and 
 comes to us hoary with age, yet in simplicity. However much 
 it may be lumbered up, and hidden from the sight by the " rub- 
 bish " which covers it, the form, the symbols, and the structure 
 are still perfect. These they cannot take away. There stand 
 the Pillars, and the outer Court, there the Rough Ashlar and 
 the Polished Stone, the Mosaic pavement and the Star — there 
 
CONCLUSION. 361 
 
 the Sanctuary and the symbol of the Deity, the steps to ascend 
 to it, and the passage way to guide — there the Sanctum Sanc- 
 torum veiled in darkness, yet with sufficient light to discover 
 the mementoes therein contained, and there they will continue to 
 stand until time shall have an end. And although to many they 
 ma,y speak in an unknown tongue, yet to the thinking Mason 
 they are not voiceless, or strange in speech. They utter the 
 same language now that they have uttered through unnum- 
 bered ages, and which needs no garnishing by Fables, Tradi- 
 tions, Stories, and Deceptions^no additions from Philosophy, 
 Science, or the Wisdom of the World, to explain their speech. 
 They tell us that life begins, and passes on, and ends, that 
 there is a work to be done, evil to be shunned, a reward to be 
 obtained, a Temple to be erected, which shall continue, when 
 these scenes through which we are journeying, shall have 
 passed away, and admonish us to diligence, and watchfulness, 
 that we may find the Master's approbation. 
 
 Let us gather then, around this sacred structure. Let our 
 dwellings be near this sanctuary of Peace, that we- may the 
 oftener frequent the place, where these teachings may be heard. 
 And while we cling with fondness to this beautiful and simple 
 system of Symbols, from which we hope to derive benefit for 
 ourselves, let us not become unmindful of a lesson which they 
 give, viz., " That he who shutteth his ears against the cries of 
 the poor and the needy, shall cry himself and not be heard." 
 
SUPPLEMENT 
 
 IN WHICH 
 
 THE HI8T0EY OF THE ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED 
 
 KITE IS CONTINUED FEOM 1860 TO THE 
 
 PEESENT TIME. 
 
 The multiplicity of Events, which have occurred during 
 the past Eighteen years, as connected with the Ancient and 
 Accepted Eite, together with the earnest solicitations of a 
 large number of the Brethren of the Order in the Northern 
 Masonic Jurisdiction, have induced the Author to continue 
 the History from 1862, at which time the volume closed, 
 down to the present day. It will be printed in the form of 
 a Supplement, and placed at the conclusion of the already 
 published History, in order that the Indexes and Paging 
 may not be altered. The Supplement will contain its own 
 Index, following the Title-page. The printed proceedings of 
 the different Councils will be followed closely, in order that 
 the events related may be deemed Official and correct. 
 
 At the period when that History closed, great confusion 
 prevailed in Masonic circles, both in this country and 
 abroad. There were no less than Seven Supreme Councils 
 of Sovereign Grand Inspectors General in the United States 
 — ^viz. : Two in Boston, Mass., known as the Gouegas Coun- 
 cil, and the Eatmond Council. One in New York, known as 
 the Ceeneatj Council. One in Charleston, So. Ca., known as 
 the De La Motte Council. One in New Orleans, La., known 
 as the Eoulhouse Council. One in San Francisco, Cal., 
 known as emanating from the Atwood-Cerneatj Council, and 
 One in Bridgeport, Conn., emanating from the same source. 
 In Boston, Mass., there were also Three Consistories, viz. ; 
 the GouKGAS, the Eaymond, and the Cerneau ; in the City 
 of New York, Three, deriving from the same authorities ; 
 in New Orleans, La., Two, one deriving from Foulhouse 
 and the other from the De La Motte Council ; and in Tren- 
 ton, N. J., One deriving from the Cebneau Council, N. Y. 
 
4 ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED RITE, 
 
 The original cause of all this confusion and irregularity, was 
 the pretended foundation on which the Ancient and Accepted 
 Kite was established by the Charleston De La Motte body. 
 Tre allude to the noted " Secret Constitutions of 1786," as 
 given by Frederick of Prussia, which has been the prohfio 
 source of aU the quarrels and dissensions — aU the suspicions 
 and doubts — aU the bitterness, and bad feehng — which have 
 prevailed from 1813, down to the present day. From the 
 time of Stephen Morin, there were numbers of persons in 
 rightful possession of all the degrees of Perfection ; numbers 
 of persons were appointed by him as Inspectors, in this 
 country, to confer the degrees ; Abbam Jacobs continued the 
 work, and the De La Motte Council appointed many Laspec- 
 tors to do the same thing. Thus, the degrees of the Eite 
 were scattered broadcast over the land. True, it was with 
 the purpose of forming bodies of the Rite, but those bodies 
 w^ere seldom formed, and the possessors of the degrees were 
 left to act their pleasure. When the Supreme Council was 
 formed at Charleston, So. Ca., based upon these pretended 
 Constitutions, which made it an Exclusive, Arbitrary Body, 
 at once opposition arose in aU the Masonic bodies of the 
 land. Ceeneau established his body in the city of New York, 
 in 1807, discarding the Secret Constitutions, and declaring 
 the body which he formed, to be governed by the Consti- 
 tution of 1762, and by the General Laws, Eules, and Begu- 
 lations of the Masonic Order — and thus the war began. 
 From that time to the present, all has been confusion in the 
 Eite. The difficulties have increased from year to year, until 
 1862, when we are called upon to record the disgraceful acts 
 already alluded to. 
 
 This state of things could not be expected to continue for 
 any length of time, as every day was producing more and 
 more bitterness of feehng, fresh causes of complaint arose on 
 all sides among the Brethren, the Order was rapidly hurry- 
 ing to dissolution, when an event occurred, which, after the 
 lapse of a few years, brought about a union which promoted, 
 for a time, good feeling in the Eite. 
 
FROM 1860 TO THE PEESBNT TIME. o 
 
 And here we would take up the History, beginning with 
 the GouKGAs Council in Boston, Mass. 111. Bro. Edwaed A. 
 Raymond, was at the time alluded to — 1860 — M. P. Sovereign, 
 Grand Coinmander — In connection with his Predecessor, 
 J. J. J. GouEGAS — Past Sov. Gr. Commander, and 111. Bro. 
 Giles Fonda Yates — also Past Grand Commander, he was a 
 firm believer in the authenticity of the Secret Constitutions 
 of 1786, as well as the doctrines therein set forth. Accord- 
 ing to that Constitution, he was declared to be the M. P. 
 Sovereign Grand Commander — ad vitam — and believed him- 
 self to be such, clothed with absolute power, which could not 
 be taken from him, except by Eesiguation — Removing from 
 the Jurisdiction — or by Death. He possessed, by that Con- 
 stitution, the power to name his Successor — to open, or close, 
 the Supreme Grand Council at his pleasure — to make Sov. 
 Gr. Inspectors General without the consent, or knowledge 
 of the Council — in fact, a mortarch over the whole jurisdic- 
 tion, and none could prevent his acts. 
 
 Governed by these ideas, he presided over the Supreme 
 Grand Council with an iron hand. It would appear that at 
 the annual meeting of the Supreme Grand Council, in May, 
 1857, 111. Bros. Peter Lawson, Wm. Field, and Charles 
 R. Starkweather, were elected unanimously to receive the 
 Thirty-Third and last degree of the Ancient and Accepted 
 Rite, and the M. P. Sov. Gr. Commd. was requested to con- 
 fer the same when convenient. 111. Bro. Starkweather was 
 present, and received the degree. Subsequently, viz. : August 
 22d, 1860, an Extra Session of the Sup. Council was held at 
 the call of the Sov. Gr. Commander. III. Bbo. Stark- 
 weather presented the following Resolution, which was read 
 and laid on the table : 
 
 ■'Resolved — That while we officially, and personally, recog- 
 nize III. Beo. Petee Lawson, as a Mason, and as such desire 
 to treat him with all courtesy, we cannot recognize him as a 
 Sovereign Grand Inspector General." 
 
 Other Resolutions were offered by III. Beo. Staekweathee 
 
b ANCIENT AND ACCEPl'ED KITE. 
 
 and III. Bko. Van Rensselaee, which were deemed disie- 
 spectful by the Sot. Gr. Commander, and he refused to put 
 them. On Friday, August 24th, after the usual business 
 was disposed of, the Sov. Gr. Commander stated : 
 
 "That an unwarrantable indication of Insubordination, 
 and a manifest disposition, on the part of certain Brethren, 
 to disregard their Constitutional obligations, and to usurp 
 the power and authority of the Soy. Gr. Commander, I 
 therefore regard it, not only my privilege, but my duty, to 
 close the Council forthwith, and I do declare it to be closed 
 sine die." 
 
 On December 30tb, 1860, the Sup. Gr. Council assembled 
 at the caU of the Sov. Gr. Commander, present — Eatmond, 
 EoBmsoN, and Lawson. On the 1.5th, on motion of IlI;. Beo. 
 Smox W. Eobinson, III. Bko. Chaeles T. McClenachax was 
 granted the Ancient degree £>i Sov. Gr. Ins. Gen., 33d and 
 last degree of the Ancient and Accepted Eite, and was 
 appointed to the Office of Depy. Ins. General for the State 
 of Xew York. 
 
 On January 9th, 1861, III. Beg. Wm. Field, of Providence, 
 E. I., to whom the 33d degree was unanimously granted by 
 the Sup. Council, at its annual session, in May. 1857, was 
 again voted for with the same result, and he was accordingly 
 advanced to the eminent degree of Sov. Gr. Ins. General, 
 33d and last degree of the Ancient and Accepted Eite. 
 
 On March 20th, 1861, the Sup. Gr. Council assembled, pur- 
 suant to an Order from the Sqv. Gr. Comm., who announced 
 the appointment of III. Bro. Simon W. Eobinson, to the 
 dignified office of P. Lieut. Gr. Commander, and thereupon 
 installed him into that office. Also, the appointment of III. 
 Bro. Petee Lawson, to the office of Gr. Master of Cere- 
 monies, and installed him into that office. Also, the appoint- 
 .ment of III. Bro. Wm. Field, to the office of Gr. Cap. of the 
 Life Guards, and installed him into that office. Also, III. 
 Bro. Lucius E. Paige, having been proposed, and duly elected 
 by a unanimous vote, was advanced to the eminent degi-ee 
 
FEOM 1860 TO THE PBESENT TIME. 7 
 
 of Sov. Gr. Insp. General — 33d and last degree — Anc. and 
 Ace. Bite. 
 
 On motion of P. Lieut. Gr. Commander — 
 
 "Resolved — That the M. P. Sov. Gr. Commander be 
 requested to remove III. Bro. Chaeles W. Mooee from the 
 office of Gr. Sec. Gen. of the H. E. — of the Sup. Gr. Coun- 
 cil for the Northern Jurisdiction of the U. S. of America, he 
 having accepted office in the spurious body, claiming to be 
 a Supreme Council." 
 
 On the recommendation of the M. P. Sov. Gr. Commander, 
 III. Bko. Lucius P. Paige was unanimously advanced to 
 Active Meiubeiship of the Sup. Council, and on motion of P. 
 Lieut. Gr. Commander, it was 
 
 " Resolved that the M. P. Sov. Gr. Commander be requested 
 to appoint III. Bko. Lucius R. Paige to some office in the 
 Sup. Gr. Council at his earliest convenience." 
 
 On May 8th, 1861 — The M. P. Sov. Gr. Commander appointed 
 III. Bed. Lucius R. Paige, 111. Gr. Sec. Gen. of the H. E. 
 ■pro tent. On May 10th, 1861 — III. Beg. George M. Randall, 
 having been previously elected, was advanced to the eminent 
 degree of Sov. Gr. Insp. Gen. 33d and last degree, and was 
 unanimously admitted as an active member of the Sup. Gr. 
 Council. 
 
 The M. P. Sov. Gr. Commander announced the appoint- 
 ment of III. Bro. Lucius Paige, to the office of Gr. Marshal, 
 and thereupon he was installed into that office by the P. 
 Lieut. Gr. Com. Also, the appointment of III. Bro. Giio. 
 M. Randall, D. D., to the office of Gr. Minister of State, and 
 thereupon he was installed into that office. 
 
 At the Annual Session, held on Tuesday, May 21st, 1861, 
 on motion of P. Lieut. Gr. Commander, and with the appro- 
 bation and consent of the M. P. Sov. Gr. Commander, 
 the following Preamble and Resolution was unanimonsly. 
 adopted : 
 
 Whereas, Bro. C. W. Moore, Secretary General of this Supreme Council, 
 has seceded from this Body, and aided and assisted in organizing a spurious 
 
8 ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED KITE, 
 
 and irregular Council, with a view to embarrass and destroy this Council ; and 
 whereas he ' has been appointed to and accepted office in the said spurious 
 Council, and otherwise demeaned himself in an unmasonic manner : therefore 
 be it 
 
 Resolved, That he, the aforesaid Charles W. Mooke, has forfeited his claim 
 to membership in this Council, and that his office be declared vacant. 
 
 T. M. P, Soy. Gr. Commander announced the appoint- 
 ment of 111. Lucius E. Paige to the office of Gr. Sec. Gen. 
 of the H. E., and thereupon installed him into the said 
 office, which appointment was approved by unanimous vote. 
 III. Bko. Paige resigned the office of 111. Gr. Marshal, and 
 his resignation was accepted. 
 
 Wednesday, May 22d, 1861— 
 
 The Sov. Gr. Commander addressed the Sup. Council, in 
 relation to the disorderly proceedings of certain Gr. Ins. 
 Gen. within his Jurisdiction, since the last Annual meeting, 
 and announced what his official acts had been, in consequence 
 of such proceedings. The address was unanimously ap- 
 proved, and the following Order No. 2, issued : 
 
 Ordek No. 2. 
 
 Wherem, From information received at this Grand East, on the thirteenth 
 diiy of December, instant, it appears that a member of the Supreme Council 
 of the Northern Jurisdiction of the United States of America, and other per- 
 sons who are not members, without warrant or authority, have attempted to 
 exercise powers wholly unpossessed by them, and using the name and impress 
 of this Supreme Council, are attempting to exercise authority in an unwar- 
 rantable and unconstitutional manuer, which information is derived from a, 
 printed document understood to emanate from K. H. Van Kensjelaer, who 
 professes to be P.-. Lieut.-. Grand Commander, to which document is attached 
 tlie signature of C. W. Mooke, as Secretary General of the H. ■ .E. • — 
 
 Therefore be it known, and it is hereby ordered, that all documents pur- 
 porting to come from any other source than that emanating from Edwakd 
 A. Raymond, as Grand Commander, are spurious, void, and of no effect, unless 
 issued by some Deputy, in his capacity as such, to be hereafter appointed and 
 named in orders. 
 
 Be it further known, that, by the power vested in me as Sov.-. Grand Com- 
 mander of the Supreme Council of the Northern Jurisdiction of the XI. S. A., 
 and as contained in the Constitution of our Illustrious Order, I hereby recall 
 and revoke the exequator of the said K. H. Van Eensselakb as Deputy for 
 any portion of the Northern Jurisdiction of the United States. 
 
 All dues and revenues to the Supreme Council of the Northern Jurisdiction 
 
FKOM 1860 TO THE PKESBNT TIME. 9 
 
 of the U. S. A. must be paid to the 111. ■. Treasurer General, Simon W. 
 Robinson, of Lexington, Mass., who is the only person lawfully authorized 
 to receive the same. 
 
 The Proceedings of the Supreme Council for 1860 will soon he issued by 
 authority, and forwarded to the several Bodies under this jurisdiction. 
 
 APPOINTHENT. 
 
 Not'ce is hereby given that I have appointed 111.-. Bro.-. Petek Lawson, of 
 Lowell, Mass., as Assistant Secretary to the Supreme Council of the Northern 
 Jurisdiction of the U. S. A., and all communications sent to the Supreme 
 Council will, for the present, be addressed to him ; and all Orders hereafter 
 issued by me will be signed by the said Petek Lawson, as Assistant Grand 
 Secretary. 
 
 Given at the Grand East, in the city of Boston, this twentieth day of Decem- 
 ber, A. D. 1860. 
 
 Voted, That, after an examination of the Grand Constitution of 1786, this 
 Supreme Grand .Council is fully satisfied that the M.-. P.-. Sov.-. Grand Com- 
 mander has strictly observed the requisitions thereof in filling the vacancies 
 in this Council, and that his action therein is hereby approved and confirmed. 
 
 III. Bed. Aaeon P. Hughes was unanimously elected as a 
 Candidate for tlie 33d and last degree. On May 22d, 1861, 
 tke Sov. Gr. Commander delivered an address which we 
 hereby give in full : — 
 
 ADDRESS. 
 
 Brethren : — In the good Providence of Him who rules in the armies of 
 Heaven and among the inhabitants of earth, we have again been permitted 
 to assemble on the occasion of our Annual Meeting. We come together under 
 circumstances which will impart to our deliberations an extraordinary interest. 
 Our beloved country is involved in the horrors of a civil war, while this Insti- 
 tution, so endeared to our hearts, has not wholly escaped the infection of 
 rebellious spirits, who seemed determined to divide and destroy what they are 
 neither able nor worthy to control. These considerations will, I trust, only 
 serve to unite us more firmly than ever in defining and defending the EIGHT, 
 and exposing and denouncing the WRONG. 
 
 Since our last annual meeting the Supreme Council has held several meet- 
 ings, all of which have been duly notified. In accordance with the unanimous 
 vote of the Council at an annual meeting, our 111. -.Bros. -.William Field, of 
 Providence, R. I., and the Hon. Peteb Lawson, of Lowell, Mass., have 
 received the thirty-third degree; and our 111. -.Bro. -.Lucius E. Paige, of 
 Cambridge, and lU.-.and Rev. Geoegk M. Randall, of Boston, have been 
 in like manner unanimously admitted to the thirty-third degree at a meeting 
 of the Supreme Council duly notified and constitutionally convened ; and 
 those four Brethren have been duly appointed to offices in the Council, have 
 
10 ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED KITE, 
 
 been regularly installed in their several stations, and are now Active Members 
 of this Body, according to the Constitution. We have still one or two vacan- 
 cies, which you will take measures to fill at the proper time. 
 
 It becomes my painful duty to refer to the unmasonic conduct of certain 
 persons, whose disorderly doings have dishonored our institution. I trust 
 you will bear with me in the relation of a narrative that involves a course of 
 proceedings which every royal mason, of whatever degree, must reprehend as 
 at war with every principle of our time-honored fraternity. For your in- 
 formation, and as forming a basis of opinions which I shall express, as to 
 measures proper to be pursued in the present exigency, I will endeavor to 
 lay before you the principle facts in the order of their occiirrence. The 
 course of conduct which the late Grand Secretary General has seen fit to 
 pursue, by withholding from me, for the last two years, all official documents 
 addressed to the Supreme CouncU, or to him as Secretary, and intended for 
 my action or that of the Council, has involved mie in a seeming neglect of 
 duty, and has been a. fruitful source of complaint from other Masonic Bodies, 
 whose communications, however important, remained unanswered. This state 
 of things, has, naturally enough, led to the charge of neglect of the duties of 
 my office, and indiiference to the general interests of the Institution at whose 
 head I have been placed. I regret further to say that we have had no book 
 of records since the Council has been located in this city. It has been the 
 practice of the Secretary, from memoranda, to print, some time during the 
 year, and commonly towards the close, an account of the proceedings in 
 pamphlet form. I was not aware of this neglect until within the last two 
 years, when I gave great offence by some remarks made relative to this 
 subject. 
 
 The doings of the annual meeting, held in May last, were published early 
 in the Autumn, together with other matters having no connection with this 
 Supreme Council, but purporting to be the proceedings of a Body of masons 
 calling themselves a Supreme Council, meeting and acting without authority, 
 and in derogation of the laws, usages and constitutions of the Order. These 
 proceedings were printed and clandestinely circulated in distant parts of our 
 jurisdiction, for weeks and morUhs, before they were allowed to see the light 
 in this part of the jurisdiction. 
 
 About the middle of December, having learned that a pamphlet had been 
 published purporting to be the Proceedings of the Supreme Council, and circu- 
 lated through the Western States, I immediately took measures to procure a 
 copy of the same, but without success. It must strike all upright masons, 
 and all honest men, as a very extraordinary circumstance, that the first irrfor- 
 mation which the Commander of the Supreme Council had in regard to the 
 printed proceedincrs ;f the Annual Meeting, at which he presided, should 
 come to him from a Brother of a distant State ; that while Brethren in Ohio 
 and other remote States were liberally supplied with copies printed in Massa- 
 diusetts, the presiding officer, residing in Boston, knew nothing of the existence 
 of -i;ch a document; so successful had been the effort of the Secretary Gen- 
 eral to conceal this fact from his knowledge. The answer of the Secretary 
 
FROM 1860 TO THE PRESENT TIME. H 
 
 to tlie Brother who applied to him for a copy was, that the proceedings 
 had not been published. This reply was repeated more than once, and as 
 often as the application was made. At length, on the 20th of December, a 
 copy was forwarded to Boston from a, Western State. The Secretary Gen- 
 eral, when finally confronted by a Brother who had this copy in his pocket, 
 and after having again denied that these proceedings had been published, 
 permitted the pamphlet to see the light at the Grand East, after it had been cir- 
 culated at the West for several months. To shield this most dishonorable 
 transaction from exposure, by which the base plans of the conspirators would 
 have been defeated, these proceedings were not entrusted to Brother Tutixb 
 to print, who has done the printing for the Supreme Council for the last ten 
 years, and who has been printer for the Grand Lodge of Massachusetts for 
 nearly a quarter of a century ; but they were taken to a place in the neighbor- 
 hood of Boston, and were there privately printed, and as privately concealed 
 from the knowledge of the officers and members of the Supreme Council in 
 this vicinity. 
 
 When a copy was finally obtained, the reason for such clandestine proceed- 
 ings, so at variance with the open, straightforward, and manly course of all 
 honorable and high-minded men, was at once apparent. This pamphlet, pur- 
 porting to be the proceedings of the annual meeting of the Supreme Council 
 and Consistory, together with the proceedings of a special meeting holden in 
 August last, was so imperfect and unfair, (to use no stronger terms,) was 
 gotten up so evidently with a, purpose to mislead the brethren into whose 
 hands it should come ; and so barefaced were the misrepresentations, and so 
 easily confuted, that the persons engaged in publishing it virtually confess, 
 by the secrecy of their actions, that their only hope of success was in keeping 
 the matter from the knowledge of the Supreme Council until the falsehood 
 had imparted its poison, effectually, at a distance. 
 
 This pamphlet contained, moreover, the doings of a body of men who 
 assembled together after the Council had been constitutionally closed by me. 
 
 The assembling of this body of men, which they had the presumption to 
 call a Council and a Consistory, was in open violation of the Constitution, and 
 of the obligations which every one of them had solemnly taken. The men 
 engaged in this foul conspiracy to overthrow the institution which they had 
 professed to love and honor, knew but too well that their rebellious doings 
 would not stand the searching test of honest truth and masonic usage in day- 
 light, and hence their hot haste to send off the flaming falsehood on its 
 mission of mischief as clandestinely as possible. 
 
 The more profound the guilty secret, and the longer the interval between 
 its issue and its exposure, the deeper its impression and the more difficult the 
 task of eradicating it. 
 
 And before proceeding to a more specific statement of facts in confutation 
 of these published statements, I would remark in more general terms, if all 
 these doings were honest and above board, why court darkness rather than 
 light ? — why not trust the Brother who has always done our printing ? — why 
 send it to the Western States before circulating it in Massachusetts? — why 
 persist in denying that it had been published at all, when it had been already 
 
22 ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED KITE. 
 
 in circulation for months? Is this Masonic f — is this the course of ingenuous 
 men who are engaged in doing that which is lawful and right? — or is this 
 precisely the course of persons who are conscious that they are doing that 
 which is not right, and that which will not bear the light of open investi- 
 gation. 
 
 I have caused the proceedings of the Annual Meeting, together with the 
 doings of the special meeting held in August, to be published, with copies of 
 which you wUl be furnished. In addition to what you will find there recorded, 
 I will state a few facts which should be known, in order to a full understanding 
 of the whole and a proper appreciation of the merits of the controversy. 
 
 Previous to the Annual Meeting in 1860, our late 111. -.and lamented Bro. •. 
 E. P. DuNLAP was removed from his sphere of usefulness on earth. His 
 body was hardly cold in his grave ere I received an application from K. H. 
 Yan Rensselaer, soliciting me to appoint him to the office of Lieut. -.Com- 
 maader, made vacant by the death of Ill.'.Bro..-DuNLAP. As you may well 
 suppose, I was disgusted at such an exhibition of indecent haste, indicating 
 as it did the want of that modesty which is ever the companion of true merit. 
 This act shows plainly the utter absence of the very first qualification for an 
 office of such dignity : and had there been no other objection, I should have 
 long hesitated before conferring the appointment on him ; but there were 
 other objections, which, in my judgment, were sufficient, but I will not here 
 name them. 
 
 Mortified and chagrined by the wounded pride of disappointed ambition, 
 lie sought to obtain by usurpation what he had failed to reach in a legal and 
 constitutional way. With the aid of other men, he has sought (and at this 
 time, no doubt, feels that he has succeeded) to overthrow this Council and to 
 erect another upon its ruins. 
 
 At the Annual Meeting in May of last year the plot was formed ; then and 
 there rank rebellion raised its hateful head for the first time in our Supreme 
 Council. In the doings of that session there were strong indications of insub- 
 ordination. Knowing full well the character of some individuals who were 
 engaged in this work, I determined to guard, and, if possible, preserve, the 
 ionor and integrity of the Council at every point. Hence I deemed it my 
 ■duty, as surely as it was my prerogative, to insist upon a due observance of the 
 Constitution, and to suffer no encroachments upon the rights of the Chair, 
 especially on the part of those who were not Active Members of the Council. 
 The business of the Annual Session having been finished, the Council was 
 closed without further embarrassment. 
 
 In August following, a special meeting of the Council was called to consider 
 ■certain charges which had been preferred against Andres Cassard. These 
 charges having been fully sustained, he was expelled, and the Secretary 
 General was directed to give notice of the fact to all other Bodies of the 
 Ancient and Accepted Rite. On the day following (K. H. Van Eensselaer 
 iaving arrived) an attempt was made to re-instate this expelled mason by 
 simple resolution. This motion was so manifestly a palpable violation of 
 masonic principles and obligations, that it was declared out of order, and the 
 Chair refused to entertain it. A communication from Cassard was then 
 
FROM 1860 TO THE PRESENT TIME. 13 
 
 presented by the Secretary General. To receive and consider a communica- 
 tion from an expelled mason was deemed by me to be entirely out of order, 
 and I did not allow it to be read. A motion was then made, by one who was 
 not an Active Member, to close the Council until four o'clock p. M. This 
 motion was considered as a further attempt to embarrass the Council, by an 
 improper interference with the duties aud prerogatives of the Chair. The 
 Commander then inquired if there was any further business that required the 
 action of the Council at that time ; none being presented, he declared the 
 Council closed until the next morning at ten o'clock, in consequence of his 
 own feeble state of health, as well as for the convenience of brethren residing 
 out of the city — and above all, for the welfare and best interests of the 
 Institution, K. H. Van Rehssklaer, not a member, then openly and 
 defiantly announced that there would be a meeting at four o'clock p. m. 
 
 The next day the Council met at the time appointed. After the reading 
 of the minutes, I announced that the business for which the special meeting 
 was called had been properly disposed of; and as there was unmistakable 
 evidence of insubordination, and a rude and unwarrantable attempt to over- 
 throw and disorganize the Institution, and as order and decorum in a masonic 
 Body was the first rule to be observed, I therefore declared the Supreme 
 Council for the N.'.J. ■. closed sine die. Again K. H. Van Ren^selaek gave 
 notice to the Inspectors present that a iheeting would be held in the afternoon 
 of the same day, and requested his friends to be present. 
 
 The persons engaged in this act of undisguised rebellion continued their 
 conclave for several days ; during which time they organized a. Body, and 
 called it the Supreme Council. The doings of this spurious Body, they pub- 
 lished in connection with their account of the proceedings of the Annual and 
 Special Meetings of the Supreme Council. 
 
 As a part of their plan for overthrowing this, our legal and constitutional 
 Body, and substituting therefore their clandestine association, they addressed 
 circulars to our brethren of the Ineffable degrees, who they supposed might 
 be induced to commit themselves to the cause of secession. By the grossest 
 misrepresentations, they succeeded in seducing from their loyal allegiance 
 a few brethren, who I am sure, had they been in possession of all the facts, 
 would not have countenanced proceedings so unmasonic and revolutionary in 
 their character, and utterly subversive of the very first principles on which 
 our institution rests. I have no doubt that intelligent brethren who have 
 been thus deceived, will, when rightly informed, promptly renounce all con- 
 nection with this spurious Body. I am happy to say that the Hon. W. B. 
 HuBBAKD, of Ohio, who had heard their representation, and, under the influence 
 of their deception, indiscreetly gave those men a note of endorsement, on 
 learning the true facts of the case, immediately withdrew his approval in 
 explicit terms, in a letter addressed to me, dated Feb. 22, 1861, as follows : 
 
 ' ' Had I been possessed of the facts communicated by you to me subse- 
 quently, and of which I was at the time wholly ignorant, I would by no means 
 have given my assent ; and consequently I wish and authorize you to con- 
 sider that assent and approval as suspended or revoked, and as having been 
 given under misapprehension." 
 
14 ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED KITE, 
 
 ' It appears from their printed proceedings that this spurious Body, calling 
 themselves a Supreme Council, adjourned to meet on the fifteenth day of 
 May, 1861, (or at least so says the second edition of their printed Proceedings, 
 the first edition not naming any time,) the Annual Meeting of the Supreme 
 Council of the Northern Jurisdiction having been fixed by that Eody to be 
 held on the third Tuesday in May, which the present year (1861), was on the 
 twenty-first day of May ; they therefore held their meeting six: days before 
 the Annual Meeting of the Supreme Council, but for what object I will not 
 undertake to say, nor by whom it was called; certainly not by the Grand Com- 
 mander, nor by his order. And who else possessed the power to call a meeting 
 of the Supreme Council, he not having (in the words of the Constitution) 
 resigned, died, or removed out of the jurisdiction? Let any one answer who 
 has studied the Constitutions of 1786, which we have sworn to obey and be 
 governed by. 
 
 But this meeting of theirs was irregular, spurious and unconstitutional, 
 both as to the time, the authority for calling it, and as to the business trans- 
 acted. It will not and caimot be recognized by any good and true mason of 
 the Ancient and Accepted Kite who regards his obligation. 
 
 It may be asked, what object had they in anticipating the meeting of the 
 Supreme Council ? To mislead and deceive the brethren by assuming to be 
 the regular and constitutional Supreme Council. By meeting a week earlier, 
 and making a great display on paper, they would be likely to deceive some 
 honest brethren, who might take the spurious for the regular, the counterfeit 
 for the genuine. It was a part of the plot ; it was in the programme, and 
 must be carried out. 
 
 During the session of the insurgents, I was repeatedly importuned to attend 
 their conclave. The Hon. W. B. Hubbaud, of Ohio, several times urged me 
 to go with him to their assembly ; this I declined in the most positive terms. 
 Bro. ■. HuBBAKD was exceedingly anxious to effect a reconciliation. I assured 
 him, in words both plain and positive, that the only reconciliation that could 
 be effected was in the unconditional surrender of the usurpers, and their loyal 
 allegiance to the authority of the Supreme Council. 
 
 Bro.'. Hubbard assured me that he attended their meeting only for the 
 purpose of using his influence to bring about a reconciliation ; and I under- 
 stood him to say that he should take no part in the proceedings except with 
 a view to this end. Failing to effect this object, he left the city, on his return 
 home, before the session had closed. On leaving, he addressed a note to me, 
 regretting his disappointment, and declariog that he did not expect ever again 
 to meet any of his brethren in Supreme Council on earth ; and I believe he 
 meant precisely what he said. 
 
 After Bro.-. Hubbard had gone, these men proceeded to elect him to the 
 office of Sov.-. Grand Commander. The reason for their doing this is plain; 
 they felt the need of the contribution to their cause of the capital which the 
 publication of such an election might possibly bring, and therefore they 
 elected him after he had gone, and, consequently, could not decline while they 
 were in session. 
 
 When these men assembled together for the exercise of powers which had 
 
FEOM 1860 TO THE PEESENT TIME. 15 
 
 never been conferred on them ; arrogating dignities which did not belong to 
 them ; intending to overthrow an Institution which had once honored them ; 
 in violation of their obligations, what did they do? Among the very first 
 things which marked their reckless and revolutionary proceedings, was the 
 restoration of Andres Cassard, a man who had been expelled by this Supreme 
 •Council, and by the Master Mason's Lodge, of which he was a member. This 
 was in perfect character with their doings ; what else could have been 
 expected from a body of men met for a purpose so purely unmasonic, so 
 subversive of the first and foundation principles of our ancient Order ? Why 
 should they not take him to their hearts, although he had been expelled from 
 the Lodge, and also from tlie regular and comtUulional Supreme Council? He 
 might yet be proper material for a spurious and illegal Body. Oa such a 
 foundation, it is by no means extraordinary that such material might be 
 wrought into the superstructure. Of the character of this spurious Body we 
 need say nothing more. There they are ; let the masonic world look at them 
 and pronounce upon their work. 
 
 We next see them increasing the number of Active Members and lavishly 
 bestowing the thirty-third degree. 
 
 The Constitution, as it came from Fkedebiok, the founder of the Order 
 in its present form, permitted that there should be but two Supreme Councils 
 in this country, and that each of these Councils should consist of no more 
 than NINE members. He made this a permanent feature of the Order. This 
 limitation was one of its distinguishing characteristics. With this striking 
 peculiarity incorporated into its Constitution, it has been transmitted to us, 
 ■without any power to change this fundamental principle. 
 
 It may be expected of me that I should say a word or two touching the 
 constitutional aspect of this flagrant act of rebellious secession. 
 
 It is well known to you that the thirty-third and last, or governing degree, 
 as well as the Supreme Council itself, was established by Fredeeiok II., 
 King of Prussia, just before his death, in 1786, and the Constitutions, as 
 revised by him, which we are all bound- to support and maintain, permit but 
 two Councils in the United States of America. In the year 1801, a Supreme 
 Council was duly established in Charleston, S. C. In the year 1813, a Supreme 
 Council was duly and legally established in the city of New York for the 
 Northern Jurisdiction. Gov. D. D. Tompkins, Eiohakd Eiker, Samson Simpson 
 •and J. J. J. GouEQAS, were among its principal officers. Subsequently, 111.-. 
 Bro.-. J. J. J. GoDRQAS became its regular and Constitutional Grand Comman- 
 der, and continued to govern that Body for a number of years, when he 
 resigned, and III. -.Bro. Giles F. Yates succeeded him by virtue of his previous 
 appointment as Lieut. -.Grand Commander. 
 
 I received the appointment of Lieut.-. Grand Commander from Bro. -.Yates; 
 and on his retiring from office a. d. 1851, I succeeded to the office of Sov.-. 
 Grand Commander, in accordance with the provisions and requirements of 
 the Constitution, and was duly installed by him ; which office I now hold, and 
 have held for the last ten years. On my return from Europe, in 1859, I made 
 arrangements with the 111. -.Lieut. -.Grand Commander, Ex-Governor E. P. 
 DuNLAP, to vacate the station I then filled, and to install him as my successor. 
 
16 ANCIENT ANB ACCEPTED RITE, 
 
 in accordance with the provision of the Constitution. In ten days from that 
 time, and before the contemplated arrangement was consummated, I received 
 notice of his death. During the same year, the spirit of our 111. . and well- 
 beloved Past Grand Commander G. F. Yates was summoned to another and, 
 I trust, a better world. At about the same time, it was ascertained that HI.-. 
 Bros. -.GiLMAN and TonsG were permanently out of the jurisdiction. Thus, 
 within a few months, the Supreme Comicil was deprived of the valuable 
 services of four highly respected members ; and the Grand Commander was 
 then in a very feeble state of health. It was under these circumstances that 
 the plot was formed which has recently been developed. 
 
 In the interpretation and application of the Constitution, it is to be borne 
 in mind that this is iiot, and was never designed to be, a popular branch of 
 Freemasonry. It originated with a monarch, — it was exclusive in its begin- 
 ning — its founder made it so by the laws which he ordained ; he intended to 
 keep it so ; this was to be a marked feature, in contrast with those forms of 
 Freemasonry which are intentionally popular, and hence, in their general 
 prmciples, readily adapted to the spirit of the age in a. republican form of 
 goverment. To undertake, therefore, to popularize this Institution, and to 
 adapt it to the state of things as they chance to be to-day in a great Republic, 
 is to divest it not only of a chief excellence, but to rob it of its most distin- 
 guishing feature. We have the democracy of Freemasonry, in the fullest 
 measure, in the first three degrees. This has its advantages and its disad- 
 vantages. So here we have the highest form of the aristocracy of Freema- 
 sonry. If there be disad\antages attending such exclusiveness. there are 
 certainly in this age, when liberty is so rapidly degenerating into licentious- 
 ness, no small advantages attendant upon this elevated quality, which par- 
 takes so largely of the monarchical and so slightly of the democratic element ; 
 but whether wise or not, well adapted or ill-adapted, to this country and to 
 this age, here it is. 
 
 This is its design and purpose. We have received it, and as we have 
 received it, we are bound to transmit it. If those who have been admitted to 
 its pale do not like its principles, they are at liberty to retire from its organi- 
 zation and make room for others. And when the people have become so 
 democratic in their civil, social and masonic ideas as not to tolerate this society, 
 it will have no office to perform, and will very properly die of itself I hold, 
 therefore, that if continued at all, it should be by a strict adherence to its 
 Constitution, in the maintenance of the peculiar features impressed upon it 
 by its founder. To understand my position as the lawful gov. .Grand Com- 
 mander of the Supreme Council for the Northern Jurisdiction of the United 
 States, it may be necessary to call your attention to that provision of the 
 Constitution, by which the Sov. -.Grand Commander received his authority, 
 and the tenure by which he holds it, and the mode by which he is required 
 to transmit it. 
 
 The third article of the Constitution of 1786, under which we act, provides, 
 in case of death, resignation, or absence from country, not to return, of the 
 Sov. -.Grand Commander, the Lieut. -.Grand Commander shall succeed to the 
 first ofaoe, and shall appoint from among the Inspectots General his Lieut.-. 
 
FROM 1860 TO THE PKE3ENT TIME. I7 
 
 Commander. In case of the like occurrence, to the second officer, the Sov.-. 
 Grand Commander shall appoint another Inspector General to fill the place 
 thus made vacant. The Sov. -.Grand Commander shall also appoint the 111.'. 
 Treasurer and Secretary General, and fill all other vacancies. Thus you see 
 that no provision whatever is made for the election of a Sov. -.Grand Com- 
 mander and Lieut. -.Grand Commander, or any other officer of the Council. 
 
 The Commander receives his office, not by election, but by having been 
 placed in the line of promotion by his predecessor, -without a vote or con- 
 firmation ; by virtue of his legitimate position. Moreover, he is Commander 
 ad vitam. This may be very undemocratic, and it may be very unpopular 
 with men whose ambition is never satisfied by any subordinate position, but 
 it is nevertheless the supreme law of the institution. 
 
 The members of this new and self-constituted body calling itself a Supreme 
 Council do not even pretend that they have any constitutional authority for 
 their proceedings, but arrogate to themselves the right to make the Institution 
 conform to their notions of expediency. The tendency of the age is to make 
 innovations vipon its authority, ■ and thus • to divest it of every feature of 
 originality; and clothe it in modern habiliments more in accordance with their 
 taste. But it should be remembered ' that this is an ancient Institution,, and 
 every successful attempt to modernize it robs it of much of its beauty and 
 interest. 
 
 This' spurious body of men may assemble when and as often as they.please 
 in despite and defiance of masonic law, may pass resolves and ordinances, 
 adopt new Constitutions, and do mauy other things, but they are not the legal 
 and legitimate successors of Frederick or of the Council established by him. 
 The ancient Constitution remains unaltered and in full force. They, might 
 as well undertake to re-model the Bible to make it conform to their religious 
 faith ; but if changes were made in these sacred writings, they would not be 
 the Holy Scriptures. ■ 
 
 But suppose the Constitution may be altered by competent authority, : the 
 persons who undertook to alter it and- to override its provisions were: not 
 competent, because they were not members of the Council, and because their 
 meeting was illegal. There was present only one person whoin I : recognize 
 as a member of the Supreme Council,; and surely one member: does not con- 
 stitute a quorum for the transaction of business. The assembly Iwas^npt legal, 
 because the Council had ■ been duly closed, and had not been again,- opened by 
 me, or by any one who had authority to open it. At the special meeting in 
 August, 1860. I was present, and presided. The object for which the meeting 
 was called having been completed, I announced, in the usual form, that it was 
 my pleasure that the Council be closed, and it was closed. I left the Chair, 
 and the members, with a single exception, returned to their homes. In thus 
 closing the Council, I did not transcend my authority. I did no more, indeed; 
 than the Master of any Lodge may lawfully do. He does not request nor 
 permit his Lodge to be closed by -vote of its members ; but, by, the very first 
 principles of Freemasonry, from the moment when he is installed in, the. East, 
 no person except himself, when he is present, can either open or .close, the 
 Lodge; nor can any person lawfully hinder him from opening or closing it, 
 
28 ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED KITE. 
 
 if such be his will and pleasure. This is precisely what I did. I closed the 
 Council, because the regular business had been disposed of, and because, in 
 my judgment, the peace and harmony and welfare of the Institution would 
 thus be most eflfectually preserved. 
 
 After the Council was thus lawfully closed, a person, who was not a mem- 
 bei-, arose and in my very face appointed a meeting of the Council at four 
 o'clock, p. M. In conformity with that unauthorized and disorderly notice, a 
 meeting was held, which continued its sessions for several days. And these 
 men had the effrontery to publish their revolutionary doings, at these meet- 
 ings, as a part of the proceedings of the Supreme Council. Is there an intelligent 
 mason of any grade who will not pronounce such proceedings utterly void of 
 the shadow of authority, entirely destitute of masonic principle and usage, 
 and deserving the condemnation of every member of the fraternity and lover 
 of law and union ? Would such conduct be tolerated in a Lodge, or in Grand 
 Lodge ? Suppose a Master to close his Lodge legally and properly ; and sup- 
 pose, before he left the platform, a mason present, but not a member, should 
 give notice that at four o'clock in the afternoon of that day or t^^^ next, the 
 Lodge would meet in that place. Suppose the Master and loyal officers and 
 members take no notice of this announcement ; but the Secretary and sundry 
 visiting Brethren get together at the appointed time, call their conclave a 
 regular communication, transact business, pass votes recommending that the 
 Master be deposed, and, at the adjournment of the meeting, some months 
 afterwards, enact the solemn mockery of voting to depose him. Would not 
 such proceedings be universally regarded as clandestine? and would not all 
 who were engaged in them be held liable to discipline and to expulsion from 
 the benefits of masonry, for a violation of its laws, and their own obligations? 
 Or suppose a Grand Lodge had .been thus legally and constitutionally closed 
 by its Grand Master ; and, before he left the platform, a visiting Brother 
 should announce that at four o'clock in the afternoon there would be a meet- 
 ing of the Grand Lodge. The Grand Master and Wardens and most of the 
 members go home. At four o'clock, the Grand Secretary and a few visitors 
 assemble, and proceed to do business for several days in successi6n, express 
 an opinion by formal vote that the Grand Master ought to be deposed, record 
 and publish their doings as a part of the proceedings of the Grand Lodge, and 
 send a printed copy of their spurious proceedings to every other Grand Lodge 
 in the country, months before they permitted them to be seen near home. To 
 cap the climax, suppose, at an adjourned meeting, they pass a vote to depose 
 the Grand Master, and proceed to elect a successor. What action do you 
 think the Grand Lodge would take in the premises? Such, I venture to say, 
 as would place these turbulent men in a position where they would endure to 
 the end of their lives, the proper fruit of their doings, unless they should 
 secure the favor which they had justly forfeited, by a humble confession of 
 their crimes and sincere promises of amendment. 
 
 Although there may be no universal law nor any essential fundamental 
 principle, which absolutely forbids the multiplication of Grand Lodges, yet 
 their increase in such a revolutionary manner is universally reprobated as 
 wrong, and subversive of the principles and benefits of the Institution. But 
 
FEOM 1860 TO THE PRESENT TIME. 19 
 
 in regard to the Supreme Council, the case is still stronger. There is a prin- 
 ciple incorporated into its very constitution which absolutely prohibits the 
 multiplication of Councils. There can be but two in the United States of 
 America; and there can be but one in the Northern Jurisdiction. All beyond 
 that number are necessarily spwiom; and every effort to increase the number 
 is essentially, inherently, and constitutionally wrong, and of no legal effect- 
 Yet, according to the principles on which the seceders from the Supreme 
 Council have conducted, the number of such bodies may be indefinitely in- 
 creased. Some of their own associates might next year meet by themselves' 
 depose their Commander, and establish a new Council ; and so on, ad infin&um,' 
 in open violation of the fundamental principles of the Constitution. 
 
 This spurious body, organized in the manner which I have indicated, held a 
 conclave in this city during the last week, agreeably to a Constitution which 
 they had framed and adopted. This meeting, of course, 1 did not attend, 
 though notified, because it was unauthorized. Of this meeting I have to say, 
 generally, that it was really no more nor less than an adjournment of the 
 disorderly meeting in August, which has already been described ; and all its 
 proceedings must be regarded as equally spurious and void. If the first meeting 
 was illegal, all the successive stages of its proceedings are vitiated by the 
 same taint. An illegal body cannot legalize itself by an adjournment, either 
 by a simple vote or through the form of a Constitution illegally adopted. 
 Begardless, however, of this perfectly obvious fact, the spurious body assem- 
 bled, and assumed to perform the functions of a Supreme Council. On 
 Sunday evening I received a note, which was left at my residence during my 
 absence on Saturday evening, summoning me to appear before them on 
 Monday morning for trial, but for what specific offense it would be difi&cult to 
 determine. Without discussing the que,stion whether a Grand Commander 
 may be lawfully tried and deposed by the members of his own Council, it is 
 sufficient to say that I did not recognize the authority of those persons, and 
 that I paid no attention to their summons. Although they had no more 
 authority than any other equal number of men in the United States to sit in 
 judgment upon me, in my individual or ofi&cial capacity, yet it appears that 
 they proceeded with an exparfe trial and voted to depose me. While I deny 
 the legality of their proceedings, and protest against them as utterly uncon- 
 stitutional and void, I do not regard it as any disparagement of my masonic 
 character that they should officially declare that I have no connection with 
 their spurious body. Having voted to depose me, they proceeded to elect a 
 new Grand Commander. In so doing, they overlooked or disregarded two 
 important circumstances. The Constitution does not permit the election of a 
 Grand Commander. Moreover, up to the time of the pretended trial, they 
 recognized me as the Sov. -.Grand Commander of the Supreme Council. As 
 such, they notified me of the meeting ; as such, they summoned me to appear 
 for trial ; as such, they voted to depose me. Such recognition was a virtual 
 admission of an unquestionable fact, that all my previous acts, performed 
 agreeably to the Constitution, were legal and binding. Among the consti- 
 tutional acts thus performed by me was the appointment of IU.-.Simon W. 
 KoBiNSON as Lieut. -.Grand Commander. Long before I was summoned for 
 
20 A^rCIENT AND ACCEPTED RITE, 
 
 trial, I had appointed and installed him into that dignified ofEce, in strict 
 compliance with the provision in the Constitution heretofore quoted. So 
 that if I were actually removed from office hy their vote, or by any other 
 means, lU.-.Bro.-. Robinson would now be the legal Sov.-.Grand Commander 
 oi the Supreme Grand Council, and no other person has a right to usurp his 
 authority. 
 
 I now take my leave of these disorganizers, and commend them and their 
 acts to the judgment of the Fraternity throughout the world. Before closing 
 my remarks, however, in justice to myself tmd to the interests of this Institu- 
 tion, I wish to say, that if the Brethren with whom I am associated in this 
 Supreme Council have any complaints in regard to my administration, I shall 
 e%-er be willing to listen to them with the most fraternal and respectful con- 
 sideration ; and I pledge my best endeavors to redress any grievances which 
 I may be convinced are hindering the success of the Order. And should we 
 be unable to agree, I shall be ready to listen to the advice of wiser Brethren 
 to whom we may mutually refer our differences. I am too far advanced in 
 life, and have shared too largely the honors of Freemasonry, to be Eunbitiously 
 tenacious of office ; and I shall be more ready to surrender my authority than 
 I was to receive it, whenever the interests of the Institution may be thus 
 advanced. 
 
 The Committee appointed at the last Annual Meeting of the Supreme 
 Council to revise the Statutes and General Eegulations, have attended to that 
 duty, and will lay their report before you. 
 
 I have received a petition for a dispensation to open and form a Consistory 
 S.'.P.-.K.-.S.-.in Boston, and shall recommend that it be granted. 
 
 I shall be happy to co-operate with the Supreme Grand Council and the 
 Sov. -.Grand Consistory in devising measures for rendering our Order more 
 active and efficient, and shall cheerfully second energetic efforts to secure 
 that desirable result. 
 
 The Committee on the M. ".P. '.Sot. -.Grand Commander's 
 Address reported a " Letter of Caution," which vtsls adopted ; 
 and it was 
 
 Resolved, That the Supreme Grand Council be requested to adopt the same, 
 and to send a copy to every Body and Deputy in this jurisdiction, to wit : 
 
 Whereas, This Supreme Gr. -.Council has learned with regret that Brethren 
 formerly acting under its jurisdiction have proved recreant to their obliga- 
 tions, and united themselves together for the purpose of endeavoring to usurp 
 the prerogatives of this Supreme Grand Coimcil, which has been for a long- 
 time, and still is, the only legal and acknowledged Head of the Ancient and 
 Accepted Scottish Bite for the Northern Jurisdiction of the Tnited States of 
 America ; and fearing that some of the loyal Brethren residing in this juris- 
 diction may be deceived by the false representations and misstatements of 
 the Brethren attached to the said illegal and unmasonic organization ; this 
 Supreme Grand Council has determined to issue this Letter of Caution, warn- 
 ing all loyal Brethren not to xisit any Lodge, Council. Chapter or Consistory, 
 within this jurisdiction, nor to hold masonic mtercourse with any Brethren of 
 
FKOM 1860 TO THE PRESENT TIME. 21 
 
 the Ancient and Accepted Kite, who do not acknowledge and yield obedience 
 to this Supreme Grand Council. Active measures have been taken to ascer- 
 tain definitely the names of all those who are connected with the aforesaid 
 illegal organization ; and, as soon as this can be accomplished, this Supreme 
 Grand Council will take such action in regard to them as the circumstances 
 of the case may require. 
 
 The perusal of this address, which is very plain and 
 decided in its utterances, will readily convince any Masonic 
 reader of the opinions which the Sov. Gr. Commander enter- 
 tained. He was a firm believer in, and supporter of, the 
 Secret Constitutions of 1786. Taking that instrument for 
 his guide, he closed the Sup. Council, sine die, left it to its 
 fate, and commenced the estabUshment of another Council in 
 ■its stead, by conferring, of his own volition, the 33d and last 
 degree, upon members of the Eite, until he had obtained a 
 sufficient number. These, so exalted, he appointed to fiU the 
 different offices, and proceeded with Masonic labor. 
 
 He declares himself to be M. P. Sov. Gr. Commander by 
 succession, ad vitam, from whom the office cannot be taken, 
 except by death, resignation, or removal from the jurisdic- 
 tion ; that it is his prerogative to open, or close, the Sup. Gr. 
 Council at his pleasure, to elevate Masons to the 33d and 
 last degree, irrespective of the Council, or disapproval of the 
 members, and that no Council has the right to vote for can- 
 didates to the high office which he holds, with many other 
 things which need not be mentioned. Let every member of 
 the Rite read the speech carefully ; if he will do this, he 
 wlU not be at a loss to discover the origin of the disturbances 
 in the Gourgas body. There is, no doubt, some truth con- 
 tained in the charges against the Gourgas body, as well as 
 some truth uttered by that body against the M. P. Sov. Gr. 
 Commander Eaymond. In order that both sides may be 
 heard, a letter (pubUshed) is given from III. Beg. K. H. Van 
 Eensselaer, Lieut. Gr. Commander of the Gourgas body. 
 
 LETTER. 
 [Page 465, TVansactions, -Kc] 
 
 Cambridqe, Ohio, Jandabt 31si, 1861. 
 ALBERT PIKE, ESQ. : 
 
 Dear Sir and very HI. Bro. . The difficulties and troubles Bro. Yates and 
 myself, and a few others, have had to contend with, under the administration 
 
22 ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED RITE. 
 
 of our Ven. Past Grand Commr., Gourgas and Baymond, have been great. 
 Bro. Gourgas has become aged and almost disgusted with the world, caused by 
 the Anti-Masonic excitement, and the treachery of those ,he deemed friends 
 and Brothers, and by the continued ^arts of the " Cemeau party'' in New York. 
 Feeling as If all were unworthy, he did all in his power to cripple us, and 
 retard the progress of the Eite. The continued grumbling of Bro. Baymond 
 and our Boston friends, at the doings of Bro. Gourgas, and the promise, if they 
 had the power, everything should be done for the welfare and spread of the 
 Eite, Induced us to effect a change in the government of the Council. Bros. 
 Christie, Yates, and self, resigned our official stations as Officers of the Sup. 
 Council, retaining our seats as members thereof. Our action caused also Bro. 
 Gourgas to resign, and the post fell to Bro. Raymond. The change has been 
 from bad to almost total ruin. Bro. Raymond has, and would continue to 
 enjoy, the honors, but has ever been unwilling, or unable, to fulfill the many 
 duties of his high station. If decrees or resolutions have been passed by the 
 Council , they have not been carried into effect. The reason for his not doing 
 so, has been sickness, or the want of time to attend to the duty. The Bodies 
 of the Rite have, year after year, prayed the Supreme Council for some Rules 
 and Regulations for their government. The matter has been delayed to "give 
 Bro. Raymond time to examine the old OmstUutions. ' ' Finding revolution would be 
 the result of further delay, he requested me to prepare a full Code of Laws for 
 the " Government of the Supreme Council, and for the Bodies under it, and report at the 
 May Meeting 0^1860. 
 
 I consulted the old members of the Council, and of the Order, and Bro. Moore 
 (one of the Committee), and submitted the matter to Bro. Raymond at that 
 meeting. He then informed me he was not ready to report, as he wished to 
 examine the Old Constitutions, and claiming the right as Chairman to with- 
 hold the Report. Bro. Moore and self being a majority of the Committee, 
 determined to make the report ; to prevent our doing so, the M. P. Grand 
 Commander would not open the Council. 
 
 Previous to the removal of the Council to Boston, they passed an order for 
 the organization of a Sov. Cons, of Sub. B. of the R. S. Bro. Ra3rmond, upon 
 taking his seat as M. P. Sov. Gr. Com., would not permit its organization. In 
 place of it, he resolved the Sup. Council into a Sov. Consistory, and invited 
 the bodies of the Jurisdiction to send three delegates to it, the M. P. Gr. Comm. 
 and officers of the Sup. Council, presiding thereat. In that irregular and uncon- 
 stitutional body, without form, Etiles, or Regulations, we transacted our busi- 
 ness, and conferred degrees, etc. In May, 1860, our Princes of the R. S. were 
 in open revolt, and ready for rebellion, unless something was done for them. 
 A majority of the Sup. Council took the matter in hand, and carried a resolu- 
 tion for the immediate organization of a Sov. Cons, of Sub. Pr. of the R. S. , with 
 power to elect its own officers. The Princes present gladly accepted the order, 
 and organized as such by electing E. T. Carson, of Cincinnati, as President 
 The Sup. Council were called upon to approve of the doings of the Sov. Consis- 
 tory, which was necessary to make their work valid. Bro. Raymond refused to 
 take action in the matter, by it killing the organization of the Consistory. 
 That Sovereign Consistory had no power given to it that would in any way 
 
FROM 1860 TO THE PRESENT TIME. 23 
 
 interfere with the Sup. Council. Bro. Raymond claims to act, and walk, in all 
 cases, by the old Constitutions, which, he says, gives him absolute power to rule 
 —that he (not the' Sup. Council) represents Frederick of Prussia, with Sovereign 
 power, to make, or unmakx, or elevate those he may want, to the high grades of 
 32d and 33d degrees, without any action of the Sup. Council, with power to 
 open and close the Council at pleasure ; cut off the members of the Sup. 
 Council, if he deems It advisable so to do ; remove its officers and iill their 
 places. * * * 
 
 Yours very truly and fraternally, &c., 
 
 K. H. VAN RENSSELAER. 
 
 This Letter of III. Beo. K. H. Van Eensselaeb, gives a 
 fuller view of the causes of the dissension in the Gourgas 
 Council than anything we could give relating to it. 
 
 The Becord of the Supreme Council, known as the 
 " Cerneau- Hayes" Council, whose Grand East was at New 
 York, will now be taken up. 
 
 Notwithstanding the fierce and persistent opposition prac- 
 ticed by the Sup. Gr. Council of the Southern Masonic 
 Jurisdiction against it in the way of Edicts, Denunciations, 
 and Official Addresses, in which the body itself was declared 
 to be Spurious, Illegitimate, etc., the Council had been con- 
 tinued -in a peaceful and orderly manner, vastly increasing 
 its influence, its membership, and its subordinate bodies in 
 the different States, to the astonishment of those who had 
 taken so much pains to belittle its members, and prejudice 
 the Masonic world against its authenticity. Within a year 
 or two previous to this date, its M. P. Sov. Gr. Commander, 
 Henry C. Atwood, had been removed by death, and had 
 named his successor, under date of May 14, 1858, in the 
 person of III. Bro. Edmund B. Hates, then 111. Lieut. Gr, 
 Commander. At the present meeting, October 1st, 1860, the 
 document was read, acknowledged, ordered to be endorsed 
 upon the back, and signed by each member of the Supreme 
 Council, and a copy of the same, with the endorsement, 
 inserted in full in the records of the Sup. Gr. Council. 
 
24 ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED KITE, 
 
 PROCEEDINGS. 
 1860. 
 
 From the East of the Supreme Grand Council of the Most Puis- 
 sant Sovereign Grand Inspectors General of the thirty-third 
 and last degree for the Ancient and Accepted Scottish 
 Rite of Freemasonry for the Northern Jurisdiction 
 of the Western Hemisphere. 
 
 VALLEY OF NEW TOEK, 
 
 Under the C.-.C.Miear the B.-.B.-., answering 40° 42' 40" N. L. 
 
 and 2° 51' 0" E. L., Meridian of Washington City. 
 
 At our Grand Council Chamber, a Sacred Asylum, where reigns 
 
 Union.". Contentment.-. Wisdom.". 
 
 The Supreme Grand Council of Sovereign Grand Inspectors 
 General of the thirty-third and last degree was opened with 
 the usual ceremonies, this the fifteenth day of the seventh 
 masonic month called Tishri, Anno Hebraico, 5621, Anno 
 Lucis 5860, Anno Dis. 2390, Anno Ord. 742, answering to 
 the first day of October, 5860, and of the Christian Era one 
 thousand eight hundred and sixty. 
 
 On motion, the reading of the Tribune of the last meeting 
 of this Supreme Council was dispensed with. 
 
 The appointment of our 111.". Lieut.". Grand Commander, 
 Thrice Ill.".Bro. ".Edmund B. Hayes, to the office of M.-.P.". 
 Sov.". Grand Commander of this Supreme Grand Council, 
 by our late M.".P.".Sov.".Grand Commander, T.".M.".Ill.".Bro.". 
 Heney C. Atwood, was read and acknowledged, and ordered 
 to be endorsed on the back and signed by each member 
 of the Supreme Council, and a copy of the same and the 
 endorsement inserted in full in the Tribune of the Supreme 
 Grand Council. 
 
FROM 1860 TO THE PRESENT TIME. 25 
 
 T.-.T.-.G.O.-T.-.G.-.A.-.O.-.T.-.U.-. 
 Office of the Grand Commamder op the Supreme Grand Codncil op Sovereign 
 Grand Inspectors General, 33°, Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite. 
 
 Valley of New York, May 14, 1858. 
 To all those to whom these Letters shall come, Greeting : 
 
 Know ye, that I, Henry C. Atwood, S.-.G.-.I.-.G.-., 33°, and M.-.P.-.Sov.-.Grand 
 Commander of the Supreme Grand Council of the thirty-third degree. Ancient 
 and Accepted Scottish Rite for the Northern Masonic Jurisdiction of the Western 
 Hemisphere, sitting in the Valley of New York, State of New York, North 
 America, do by these presents make known and establish that, by the powers 
 transmitted to me by the Most Illustrious and Most Puissant De Witt Clinton 
 (^formerly Sovereign Grand Commander of the Supreme Grand Council,) dated 
 February 7, 1828, do hereby appoint and constitute our Most Illustrious Chief 
 Edmund B. Hates, Esq., S.-.G.-.I.-. G.-., 33°, P.-.M.-.P.-.G.-. Visitor of the M.-.W.-. 
 Grand Lodge of the State of New York, P. -.G.-. Lecturer of St. Johns Grand 
 Lodge, P.-.H.-.P.-., and the present Ill.-.Deputy Grand Commander of this 
 Supreme Grand Council, as successor to the station of M.-.P.-.Sov.-.Grand Com- 
 mander of this Supreme Grand Council, with all the powers thereunto be- 
 longing. 
 
 Given under my hand and private seal this, the first day of the masonic 
 month called Sivan, 5618, corresponding to the fourteenth day of May, of the 
 Christian era, 1858. 
 
 (Signed,) HENRY C. ATWOOD, [l.s.] 
 
 Sov.-.P.- E■.<'l-S.■.0.■.1.■.G.■.^S°, and M.-.P.-.Sov.-.Grand Commander 
 of the Supreme Grand Oouncil for the Northern Jurisdiction of the 
 Western Hemisphere. 
 
 Endorsement. 
 We, the undersigned. Sovereign Grand Inspectors General of the thirty- third 
 and last degree of the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite, and members of 
 the Supreme Grand Council for the Northern Jurisdiction of the Western 
 Hemisphere, sitting in the Valley of New York, do hereby certify, pronounce 
 and proclaim over our several signatures, that we have perused the written 
 document purporting to be the appointment of our Thrice Illustrious Brother 
 Edmund B. Hates, 33°, S.-.G.-.I.-.G.-., &c , to the position and station of 
 M.-.P.-.Sov.-.Grand Commander of this our Supreme Grand Council by our 
 late M. .P. '.Sov.-.Grand Commander, Thrice Illustrious Brother Henrt C. 
 Atwood, 33°, as his legitimate and lawful successor in said office, and we 
 further, on our individual honor as men, and by all the obligations we have 
 taken as masons, certify and declare that we are well acquainted with the 
 signature and seal of our late M.-.P.-.Sov.-.Grand Commander, Henrt C. 
 Atwood, and believe the same to have been signed and affixed by him. We 
 also certify that by the rules and signatures of the Order and the Ancient 
 Constitutions, our late M.-.P.-.Sov.-.Grand Commander, Henrt C. Atwood, 
 had full power and lawful right to name as his successor in office our Thrice 
 Illustrious Brother Edmund B. Hates, 33°, as M.-.P.-.Sov.-.Grand Com- 
 
26 ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED RITE, 
 
 mander of the Supreme Grand Council for the Northern Jurisdiction of the 
 Western Hemisphere, sitting in the Valley of New York, and hereby tender 
 to him, as such, our homage and obedience to all his legal edicts and com- 
 mands. 
 
 Done at our Grand East in the VaEey of New York, this, the twenty-first 
 day of the seventh masonic month called Tishri, 6621, corresponding to the 
 E. V. the eighth day of October, 1860. 
 
 (Signed,) , 33°, 
 
 III.-. Lieutenant Grand Commander. 
 GEO. L. OSBORNE, 33°, 
 Grand Chancellor, Grand Secretary General of the S.-.E.: 
 
 , 330, 
 
 Grand Orator, Minister of State. 
 ROBERT E. ROBERl'S, 38°, 
 
 Grand Treasurer. 
 
 , 33", 
 
 Grand Keeper of Seals. 
 HOPKINS THOMPSON, 33", 
 
 Grand Master of Ceremonies. 
 
 , 33", 
 
 Grand Standard Bearer. 
 
 Grand Captain of Guard. 
 
 On motion, the next meeting of this Supreme Grand 
 Council was ordered to be held on Monday evening next, 
 October 8, 1860. 
 
 No other business appearing, the Grand Council was 
 closed by the mysterious numbers. 
 
 GEOKGE L. OSBOENE, 33°, 
 
 S.-..-.P.-.S.-.-1; Gr.-. Chancellor, Gr.:See.-.Gen.-.oftheS.-J!.: 
 
 EDMUND B. HATES, 33° 
 
 S.-J'.-.E.-.t^, M.-.P.-.Sou.-.Grand Commander. 
 
 Monday, October 8, 1860. 
 The Supreme Grand Council of Sovereign Grand In- 
 spectors General of the thirty-third and last degree was 
 opened with the usual ceremonies, this, the twenty-second 
 day of the seventh masonic month called Tishri, a. h. 5621, 
 A. L. 5860, A. D. 2390, a. o. 742, answering to the eighth daj 
 of October, 5860, and of the Christian Era, one thousand 
 eight hundred and sixty. 
 
FROM 1860 TO THE PRESENT TIME. 27 
 
 On motion, the reading of the Tribune of the last meeting 
 was dispensed with. 
 
 On motion, 
 
 Resolved, That the G.-.C.-.G.-.S.-.G.'.0.\T.-.H.-.E.-.bB empowered to procure a 
 suitable book to contain the records of this Grand Council, and such stationery 
 as he may from time to time deem necessary. 
 
 Resolved, That he be directed to draft suitable resolutions to be presented 
 to the vridow of our late M.-.P.-.Sov.-. Grand Commander Henry C. Atwood, 
 expressive of the feelings of this Grand Council, to be signed by himself and 
 the M.-.P.-.SoT.-.Grand Commander, and a copy of the same endorsed in full 
 in the Tribune of this Body. 
 
 Resolved, That the G.-.C.-.G.-.S.-.G.-.0.-.T.-.H.-.B.-.be directed to send a notice 
 of the death of our late M.-.P.-.Sov.'.Grand Commander, Henkt C. Atwood, 
 and of the appointment of his successor to the same office, our T. -.111. -.Bro.- 
 Edjidnd B. Hates, 33°, to each and every Supreme Grand Council of Sovereign 
 Grand Inspectors General throughout the world. 
 
 Resolved, That each and every officer of this Supreme Grand Council, sub- 
 scribe the sum of five dollars to defray temporary expenses. 
 
 Resolved, That a Committee of Three be appointed to prepare and publish a 
 correct history of this Supreme Grand Council. 
 
 Thrice 111. -.Bros. '.Edmund B. Hayes, Hopkins Thompson 
 and George L. Osborne were appointed such committee. 
 
 Resolved, That the same committee be appointed to confer with any other 
 Masonic Body, for the purpose of erecting a suitable masonic monument over 
 the remains of our late M.-.P.-.Sov.'. Grand Commander, Henky C. Atwood. 
 
 Resolved, That this Supreme Grand Council hold a Lodge of Sorrow to the 
 memory of our late M.-.P.-.Sov.-. Grand Commander, Henry C. Atwood, and 
 the committee before named be empowered to make the necessary arrange- 
 ment therefor, and to extend an invitation to all Masonic Bodies to participate 
 therein. 
 
 Dec. 30th, 1860. — The petition of Sublime Prince John A. Lejterts, a mem- 
 ber of the Grand Consistory of the State of New York, presented at the last 
 session of the Grand Council, having been favorably considered, on motion of 
 111. -.Bro. -.Thompson, this Grand Council confer the thirty-third degree on 
 Sublime Prince John A. Leffeets, who, having been fully examined, and 
 proving himself well versed in the preceding degrees, was introduced by the 
 111.-. Grand Master of Ceremonies, and initiated, constituted, received, and 
 acknowledged and proclaimed as a Deputy Inspector General and an Honorary 
 Member of this Supreme Council , and received the salutations of the Illustrious 
 Brethren. 
 
 April 14th, 1861. — The Sublime Prince Gustavhs W. Smith having been 
 fully examined, and proving himself well versed in the preceding degrees, was 
 
28 ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED KITE, 
 
 introduced by the Grand Master of Ceremonies, and constituted, received, 
 acknowledged 'and proclaimed a Deputy Grand Inspector General and an 
 Honorary Member of this Supreme Council, and received the salutations of the 
 Ill.-.Brethren. 
 
 Apkil 22d, 1861. — Sublime Princes John C. McARimiB and Wm. Boakd New- 
 man having been fully examined, and proving themselves well skilled in the 
 preceding degrees, were introduced by the Grand Master of Ceremonies and 
 elevated to the dignity, constituted, received, acknowledged and proclaimed 
 as Deputy Inspectors General and Honorary Members of this Supreme Council, 
 and received the salutations of the HI.-. Brethren. 
 
 The Grand Master of Ceremonies announced Sublime Princes Nehemiah 
 Pkck, Stephen H. Heeriman and Aera5i G. Levy in waiting, and after having 
 been fully examined and proving themselves well versed in the preceding 
 degrees, were introduced and constituted, received, acknowledged and pro- 
 claimed as Deputy Inspectors General and Honorary Members of this Supreme 
 Grand Council, and received the salutations of the Brethren. 
 
 AuGDST 28th, 1861.— The Grand Master of Ceremonies then announced Sub- 
 lime Princes Wit.t.iam Fiimeb, George TncKER, Henry C. Banks, Peter M. 
 Langton and James E. Gardner in waiting ; and after having been fully 
 examined, and proving themselves well versed in the preceding degrees, they 
 were introduced and constituted, received, acknowledged and proclaimed as 
 Deputy Inspectors General and Honorary Members of the Supreme Grand 
 Council, and received the salutations of the Brethren. 
 
 On motion of HI. .Bro.. Seymour, there be a committee of three appointed to 
 visit our 111. -.Bro.-. Prince Napoleon, and tender him an invitation to visit this 
 Supreme Grand Cotmcil. Carried. 
 
 The M.-.P.-.Sov.-. Grand Commander then appointed 111. -.Bros.-. Seymour, 
 Leteridge and Banks, said committee. 
 
 Sept. 18th, 1861. — ^The 111.-. Grand Master of Ceremonies then introduced 
 M.-.P.-.Past Sov.-.Grand Commander and Hl.-.Bro.-.JoHN W. Mulligan, the 
 successor of M.-.P.-.Sov.-. Grand Commander Joseph Cerneau. and the prede- 
 cessor of the Hon.-. and Hl.-.M.-.P.-.Sov. -.Grand Commander De Witt Clinton, 
 all of this Supreme Grand Council, who was received in the form and with 
 the honors due his high rank, and seated in the East on the right of the 
 Throne. 
 
 The HI.-. Grand Master of Ceremonies then announced that Hl.-.Bro.-. Joseph 
 Jennings. S.-.P. -.B. -.S.-., was in the outer court of this Chamber, and desired 
 to be admitted and receive the thirty-third and last degree of the Ancient and 
 Accepted Bite, who, after being fully examined and pro-ring himself well 
 versed in the preceding degrees, was introduced, and constituted, received, 
 acknowledged and proclaimed a Deputy Inspector General, and an Honorary 
 Member of this Supreme Grand CouucU, and received the salutations of the 
 Brethren. 
 
 The ni. .Bro.-. Harry J. Seymour was then installed Inspector General and 
 Hl.-.Grand Master of Ceremonies. 
 
FEOM 1860 TO THE PRESENT TIME. 29 
 
 Dl.-.Bro.JoHN W. MuLMGAN then addressed the Supreme Grand Council at 
 some length and in the most happy strain. 
 
 Septembek 30, 1861. 
 The Supreme Grand Council of the thirty-third and last 
 degree of the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Eite having 
 been regularly called, met in the Council Chamber on the 
 twenty-fifth day of the masonic month Tishri, a. h. 5622, A. L. 
 5861, A. D. 2391, A. D. 2861, a. o. 743, answering to the thirtieth 
 day of September, 1861, and was opened with the usual cere- 
 monies by the M.-.P.'.Sov.-. Grand Commander, Edmund B. 
 BLaye, assisted by 
 
 S.-.G. •. I. -.G.-. Hopkins '1'hompson, Lieui.- .Orand Commander , 
 
 D. SicKELS as Grand Chancellor andSec.-.Gen.:S.-.E.:, 
 Egbert E. Roberts, Grand 'IVeasurer, H.-.E.\, 
 Abram G. Levy, Grand Minister of State, pro tern., 
 A. J. Fisher, Grand Marshal, pro tern. , 
 Harry J. Seymour, Grand Master of Ceremonies, 
 John B. Ewing, Grand Standard Bearer, 
 Peter Neetus, Grand Captain of the Guard, 
 in usual form. 
 
 The Ill.-.Grand Captain of the Guard then announced to the M. .P.-.Sov.-. 
 Grand Commander that there was waiting in the outer court of this Chamber, 
 111. -.Knights and S. -.P.-. of the R.-.S. •. John Sheville, John B. Harris, Royal 
 G. Millard and John Cameron, who had petitioned for and now desired to be 
 admitted into this Grand Council Chamber, and receive the thirty-third and 
 last degree of the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite. 
 
 After being fully examined, and proving themselves well versed in the 
 preceding degrees, the S.-.G.-.I.-.G.-. and Ill.-.Grand Master of Ceremonies, 
 introduced them. After assuming the duties and responsibilities, and cheer- 
 fully conforming to all the requirements of the Order, they were constituted, 
 received, acknowledged and proclaimed Deputy Inspectors General and Honor- 
 ary Members of this Supreme Grand Council, and received the salutations of 
 the Brethren. 
 
 The Grand Captain of the Guard again announced to the M.- P.-.Sov.-. 
 Grand Commander that S. -.P. -.R.-.S.-. John J. Crane and Robert D. Holmes 
 were without, and desirous of being admitted into this Supreme Grand Council 
 Chamber, and to receive the thirty-third and last degree of the Ancient and 
 Accepted Scottish Rite. After having been fully examined and found well 
 versed in the preceding degrees, they were introduced by a S.-.G.-.I.-G.-., 
 the Ill.-.Grand Master of Ceremonies, and duly constituted, received, acknow- 
 ledged and proclaimed Deputy Inspectors General and Honorary Members of 
 this Supreme Grand Council, and received the salutations of the Brethren. 
 
 Oct. 29th, 1861. — The following petition was then presented by Ill.-.Bro.-. 
 H. J. Seymock, in behalf of the Brethren whose names are thereunto attached : 
 
30 
 
 ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED RITE, 
 
 T.-.T.-.G.-.0.-.T.-.G.-.A.-.0.-.T.-.ir.-. 
 To the M.:P.'.Sov.:Grand Oommander and the Supreme Council of Sov.-.Orand 
 Inspectors General of the thirty-third and last degree of the Anciertt and Accepted Bile : 
 
 Vallez of New Tokk, Oct. 2, 1861. 
 The undersigned, Princes of Rose Croix and Knights of the Eagle and 
 Pelican, having at heart the advancement, splendor and honor of the Ancient 
 and Accepted Bite, do hereby pray that the charter or warrant of constitu- 
 tion of La Fayette Chapter of Eose Croix, now lying useless, he granted to 
 us, with power to confer the degrees of Knights of the East and Princes of 
 Jerusalem, as well as Knights of the East and "West and Knights of the Eagle 
 and Pelican and Princes of Eose Croix, according to the rules, regulations 
 and constitutions of the Ancient and Accepted Eite and the Supreme CouncU 
 sitting in the Valley of New Tork ; and we name 
 
 Prince Nehemiah Peck to he the Most Wise and Perfect Master. 
 
 " " Senior Warden. 
 
 " " Junior Warden. 
 
 " Robert D. Holmes, " Grand Orator. 
 
 And if our prayer be granted, we cheerfully promise exact obedience to the 
 Rules, Eegulations and Constitutions of the Supreme Council, and to exert 
 our efforts to blazon forth the splendor and purity of our beloved Rite. In 
 token of which we here affix our names. 
 
 Nehemiah Peck, 
 M. Lahgton, 
 Joseph J. Jennings, 
 W. B. Newman, 
 J. F. Wells, 
 Peter W. Neettjs, 
 Stephen H. Herriman, 
 George Tdcker, 
 Chas. C. J. Beck, 
 John I. Crane, 
 Robert D. Holmes, 
 Henry C. Banks, 
 John Innes, 
 J. W. EwiNO, 
 John Cameron, 
 John Vanderbeck, Se., 
 John Vanderbeck, Je., 
 Abram G. Levy, 
 Alfred Woodham, 
 Thomas M. Woods, 
 Stephen MBRRtrr, Je., 
 E. A. Stuart, 
 William Shipset, 
 Jacob Shipset, 
 W. Filmer, 
 James G. Kent, 
 
 Dep.-.Ins.-.Gen.-.SS", Mechanic Lodge, No. 31. 
 
 " 
 
 £ tl 
 
 tc 
 
 Key Stone 
 
 t 11 
 
 272. 
 
 Tecumseh 
 
 ( 
 
 
 Mechanic 
 
 ( (t 
 
 31. 
 
 Benevolent ' 
 
 t 
 
 
 Lebanon 
 
 ( (( 
 
 191. 
 
 Key Stone 
 
 (1 (( 
 
 285. 
 
 Mechanic 
 
 (( t( 
 
 31. 
 
 Holland 
 
 tl tt 
 
 8. 
 
 Mystic 
 
 1 t( 
 
 272. 
 
 Pacific 
 
 
 233. 
 
 Lebanon 
 
 ( t( 
 
 191. 
 
 Manhattan 
 
 I 
 
 
 Puritan ' 
 
 t 
 
 
 La Fayette 
 
 ( (( 
 
 64- 
 
 Lebanon ' 
 
 f tt 
 
 191. 
 
 Ionic ' 
 
 
 
 Templar ' 
 
 t 
 
 
 320 
 
 33", 
 
 Keystone 
 Ionic 
 
 235. 
 
FKOM 1860 TO THE PEESENT TIME. 3X 
 
 The petition was received, and after due deliberation, 
 
 Resolved, That inasmuch as the above mentioned warrant was at this time 
 in possession of certain parties from whom it could not be obtained, and 
 desirous to promote the welfare and happiness of the Brethren and the ii^terest 
 of the Order, that a substitute warrant should be granted, bearing the name 
 of the one petitioned for, and placed in possession of said petitioners. 
 
 Nov. 7, 1861. — The M. -.P. -.Sov. -.Grand Commander announced to the mem- 
 bers of the Supreme Council present, that he had appointed the 111. -.Brother 
 and Deputy Inspector General Damiel Sickels, to be the Grand Chancellor, 
 Secretary General of the H.-.E.-., and Keeper of the Seals and Archives for this 
 Supreme Council ; the lU.-.and Deputy Inspector General Brother Henky C. 
 Banks, to be the Grand Marshal General for this Supreme Council ; and the 
 111.-. Brother and Deputy Inspector General John Innes to be theGrand Standard 
 Bearer for this Supreme Council. 
 
 The 111. -.Bros. -.Sickels, Banks and Innes were then introduced and regularly 
 and duly installed into the several offices to which they had been respectively 
 appointed. 
 
 The Revised Constitution, Statutes and General Eegulations of 1861, for the 
 government of all Bodies of the Ancient and Accepted Bite throughout this 
 jurisdiction were then adopted, and to be of full force and effect on and after 
 the twenty-seventh day of December, 1861. 
 
 Deo. 6th, 1861. — The M.-. P.-. Sov.-. Grand Commander was then informed 
 that Bro. -.James C. Bhllin, of Chicopee, Mass., aged thirty-one years, was 
 desirous of obtaining the degrees of the Ancient and Accepted Eite,' and peti- 
 tioned this Supreme Council to confer them on him. 
 
 The petition being properly recommended and endorsed was, on motion, 
 received, and the prayer of the petitioner granted. 
 
 The 111. -.Grand Master of Ceremonies then introduced Bro.-.JAMES C. Bcxlin, 
 and the M.-.P.-.Sov.-.Grand Commander, with the assistance of the 111. .Grand 
 Master of Ceremonies and the officers present, conferred the degree of the 
 Ancient and Accepted Eite upon him ; and he was duly constituted, received, 
 acknowledged and proclaimed Deputy Inspector General and an Honorary 
 Member of this Supreme Council, and received the salutations of the Brethren. 
 
 The following petition was then presented, and recommended by lU.-.Bro. -. 
 H. J. Sbymoub. 
 
 T.-.T.-.G.-.O.-.T.-.G.-.A.-.O.-.T.-.U.-. 
 
 Valley of New York, Nov. 29, 1861. 
 
 To the Supreme Council of the United States of America : 
 
 We, the undersigned, being Grand Elect Perfect and Sublime Masons, and 
 having the prosperity of the Ancient and Accepted Eite at heart, and desirous 
 to exert our best endeavors to diffuse and disseminate the true and genuine 
 principles of our Sublime Institution, do most humbly pray that your 111.-. 
 Body will grant unto us letters of dispensation or a warrant of Constitution 
 to open a Grand Lodge of Perfection in the city of New York, to be known 
 
32 ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED RITE, 
 
 as Temple Grand Lodge of Perfection, with all the rights and privileges of a 
 Grand Lodge of Perfection duly constituted ; and your petitioners would 
 respectfully name 
 Bro. -.Stephen Merritt, Jr., to be the first Thrice Puissant Grand Master, 
 Brb. ■. A. D. Kenton " " Deputy Grand Master, 
 
 Bro. -.J. H. Taylor " " Senior Grand Warden, and 
 
 Bro.-.THO. Barclay " " Junior Grand Warden. 
 
 And should your Ill.-.Body, in its wisdom, grant the prayer of your peti- 
 tioners, we promise a strict conformity to the Constitutions, Statutes and 
 General Regulations of the Supreme Council of the United States of America, 
 its territories and dependencies, having its Grand East in the Valley of 
 New York. 
 
 STEPHEN IIERRIT, JR. JEKEMLiH TAYLOR. 
 
 A. D. RENTON. J. MESHUT. 
 
 CHAS. H. MORRISON. JOS. GRINES. 
 
 WILLIAM HUTCHINSON. W. C. TABRINKI. 
 
 L McFARLAND. WILUAII ALLEN. 
 
 JOHN SHARON. I. McLEAN. 
 
 GEORGE LEWIS. WILLIAM WING. 
 
 GEORGE AITKIN. JOHN MOORE. 
 
 NICHOLAS FORNEY. RICHARD BARTON. 
 
 JAMES ADAIR. THOS. BARCLAY. 
 
 Recommended by Jerusalem Grand Lodge of Perfection, No. 2, with the seal 
 thereof attached. 
 
 On motion, the prayer of the petitioners was granted, and the Grand Secre- 
 tary was directed to issue a warrant and place it in possession of the Brethren 
 named as officers in the petition, said warrant to be No. 3. 
 
 Jan. 3d, 1862. — The JI.-.P.-.Sov. -.Grand Commander informed the Supreme 
 Council that during its recess he had appointed HI.-. Bro. -.John Sheviule, 
 resident of Bergen, N. J., as District Deputy Inspector for the State of New 
 Jersey, and Special Deputy for the State of New York, to act and represent 
 this Supreme Council in and for the States of New York and New Jersey, and 
 to perform all the duties and enjoy all the privileges thereunto belonging, 
 except in the city and county of New York, until otherwise ordered by this 
 Supreme Council. Said appointment was confirmed by the Supreme Council, 
 and the Grand Secretary General directed to furnish Ill.-.Bro.-.JoHU Shevtlle 
 with Letters Patent under the seal of this Supreme Council, to bear date and 
 have effect from and after October 29, 1861. 
 
 Trenton, N. J., January 23. 1862. 
 The Supreme Grand Council met this day, and was opened in the usual form 
 by the M. -.P. -.Sov.-.Grand Commander. 
 
 PRESENT. 
 
 Ill.-.EDjniND B. Hayes, M.-.F.-.Sov. -.Grand Commander. 
 Hopkins, Thompson, P.-.D.-.Grand Commander. 
 Daniel Siokels, Grand Chancdlor, Gr.- .Sec.-.Gm.- .E.- .E.: 
 
FROM 1860 TO THE PRESENT TIME. 33 
 
 Henry C. Basks, Grand Marshal General. 
 Harry J. Seymodb, Grand Master of Ceremonies. 
 John Innes, Grand Standard Bearer. 
 William J Jaevis, Grand Captain of Guards. 
 David Naar, Emeritus Member. 
 
 Thomas Satterthwaite, " " 
 
 The Grand Secretary General presented a petition in due form, praying for a 
 warrant of Constitution for a Grand Consistoiy in and for the Sovereign and 
 Independent State of New Jersey, signed by the following 111.-. Brothers, Sub- 
 lime Princes of the Royal Secret, and endorsed and recommended by lU.-.Bro.'. 
 John Sheville, District Deputy Inspector General for New Jersey : 
 Thomas J. Corson, William Hewitt, 
 
 John Woolverton, James Taylor, 
 
 William T. Nicholson, James E. Emerson, 
 
 George Painter, George B. Edwards, 
 
 John Nelson, William Armstrong, 
 
 William R. Glapp, S. R. Tyrrell, 
 
 Amos P. Howell, William T. Woodruff, 
 
 Joseph H. Houqh, William T. Stago, 
 
 John O'Radm, Reuben Van Tassel, 
 
 Charles Bechtel, William Pemberton, 
 
 JOHN SHEVILLE, 33°, 
 
 District Deputy Injector General. 
 
 On motion, the prayer of the petitioners was granted, and the Grand Secre- 
 tary directed to issue a warrant of Constitution. 
 
 Which being done, the Supreme Council ceased its labors as Sovereign 
 Grand Inspectors General, and opened the Sovereign Grand Consistory. 
 
 Present — The before mentioned Active and Emeritus Members of Supreme 
 Council, and Deputy Inspectors Stephen H. Herriman, George Tucker, Phillip 
 Langton, Alfred Woodham, and District Deputy Inspector General John 
 Sheville. 
 
 M. -.P. •.S.'.G.-.C.-. Edmund B. Hayes, acting as P.-.Sov.-.Gr.-.Commander. 
 
 111. •. S.-. G. -.I.-. G.-. Thomas Satterthwaite, as 1st lAeui.-.Gr.- .Commander. 
 
 Hl.-.S. .G.-.I '.G.'.David Naar, as 2d Ideui.: Grand Commander. 
 
 111. -.Daniel Siokels, as Grand Secretary. 
 
 111. -.Henry C. Banks, as Grand Marshal. 
 
 HI.-.Hakry J. Seymour, as Grand Master of Ceremonies, 
 
 111. -.John Innes, as Grand Hospitaler. 
 
 A Grand Consistory in and for the Sovereign and Independent State of New 
 Jersey was then duly and regularly constituted, and the following officers 
 elected and duly installed . 
 
 111. -.Thomas J. Corson, Commander-in-Chief 
 
 George B. Edwards, Deputy Commander-in-Chief. 
 Joseph H. Hough, 1st Lieutenant-Commander. 
 William T. Woodbufp, 2d Lieutenant-Commander. 
 
34 ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED EITE, 
 
 ■WnMAM E. Stagg, Grand Minister of State. 
 Beuebn S. Vau Tassel, Grand Chancellor. 
 John Woolverton, Grand Secretary. 
 S. E. Ttreell, Grand Treasnrer. 
 W. E. Clapp, Grand Keeper of the Seal. 
 William Aemsikong, Graud Engineer. 
 ■WrLLiAM T. Nicholson, Grand Hospitaler. 
 James E. Embbson, Graud Master of Ceremonies. 
 Chables Bkmtel, Grand Captain of the Guard. 
 John P. Nelson, Grand Standard Bearer. 
 Amos P. Howell, Grand Sentinel. 
 The Sovereign Grand Consistory was then closed in due form by the Sot.*. 
 
 Grand Commander. 
 
 Feidat, Jan. 24, 1862. 
 
 The Sot. -.Grand Inspectors General resumed their labor in Supreme ComiciL 
 The 111. -.Gr. -.Master of Ceremonies then presented HI. .Thomas J. Cokson, 
 George B. Edwards, John Woolterton, John Moore and Reuben Lighthall, 
 who, having been duly examined in the preceding degrees, and found fuUy 
 enlightened and qualified, were constituted, received, acknowledged and pro- 
 claimed Dep. -. Inspectors General and Honorary Members of the Supreme 
 Council, receiving the salutation of the Brethren. 
 
 Mat 3d, 1862. — The following Sublime Princes of the Eoyal Secret, were 
 then regularly proposed and duly elected to receive the thirty-third and last 
 degree of the Ancient and Accepted Eite : 
 Gilbert Nurse, aged 63 years ; born July 31, 1798, in Massachusetts ; resides 
 
 in Cambridge, Mass. 
 Benjamin F. Noubse, aged 48 years ; bom February 28, 1814, in Massa- 
 chusetts ; resides in Cambridge, Mass. 
 John D. Jennings, aged 44 years ; bom March 16, 1818, Ireland ; resides in 
 
 Cambridge, Mass. 
 Albion K. P. Welch, aged 37 years ; bom February 20, 1825, Maine ; resides 
 in Cambridge, Mass. 
 Also, present, HI.-. Dep.-.Ins.. Gen.-. James E. Gardner and James C. Bullin, 
 who assisted in the ceremonies of iuTesting the Sublime Princes with the 
 thirty-third and last degree, and in duly acknowledging and declaring them 
 as such. 
 
 Boston, Mat 4th, 1862. — The following Brethren were then duly proposed, 
 elected, and by the 111. -.Commander-in-Chief invested with the degrees from 
 the fourth, or Secret Master, to the thirty-first, inclusive, and regularly con- 
 stituted Grand Inspectors, Inquisitor Commanders, viz. : 
 
 HI.-. John K. Hall, HI.-. William P. BurrERFiKtD, 
 
 EiCHARD M. Barker, Nicholas Hatha wat, 
 
 Elihu Barker, Daniel W. La-wrenci, 
 
 Egbert Lewis, James R. Buqbee, 
 
 David Wears, Lemuel D. Mudge, 
 
 D. BiCKFORD, Mark E. Stmons. 
 
 WnjJAM F. Knowlbs, 
 
FROM 1860 TO THE PRESENT TIME. 35 
 
 Mat 4, 1862. 
 Pursuant to adjournment, the Supreme Council met at 6J o'clock p. m., this 
 4th day of May, 1862. 
 , Present — Officers and honorary members as before. 
 
 The M.'.P.-.Sov. '.Grand Commander, Edmund B. Hates, then addressed the 
 Supreme Council and 111. -.Brethren, stating that he had convened the Supreme 
 Council at that place, at the request of the 111. '.Brethren and Sublime Princes 
 of the Boyal Secret residing in the sovereign and independent State of Massa- 
 chusetts, for the purpose of assisting them to extend and propagate the prin- 
 ciples of our beloved institution by constituting a Grand Consistory, with all 
 and full constitutional powers, in and for said State of Massachusetts. 
 
 A Consistory was then regularly opened under the auspices of the Supreme 
 Council, when the following Sublime Princes were duly elected as of&cers for 
 a Grand Consistory : 
 
 111. -.Gilbert Nurse, 33°, Commander-in-chief. 
 
 John K. H.^ll, 32^, Deputy Commander-in-Chief. 
 Richard II. Barker, 32°, 1st Lieut. -.Commander-in-Chief. 
 William F. Knowles, 32°, 1st " " " 
 
 Richard S. Spofford, Jr., 32d°, Gr.-.O.-. and Ill.-.Min.-.of State. 
 Nicholas Hatha-wat, 32°, Grand Chancellor. 
 Elihu C. Barker, 32°, Gr.-. Secretary and K.-.of the S.'.and.'.A.-. 
 Albion K. P. AVeloh, 32°, Grand Treasurer. 
 Robert L. Davis, 32°, Grand Engineer. 
 W. D. BioKFORD, 32°, Grand Hospitaler. 
 James R. Gardner, 33°, Grand Master of Ceremonies. 
 James R. Bogbee, 32°, Grand Captain of the Guards. 
 Daniel W. Lawrence, 32°, Grand Sentinel. 
 The M. -.P.-. Sov.-. Grand Commander then directed the 111. -.Grand Secretary 
 to prepare the proper authority for constituting a Grand Consistory. 
 
 The warrant being duly prepared and signed by the officers of the Supreme 
 Council, sealed with the private seal of the M. -.P. -.Sov. -.Grand Commander 
 and of the Order, and attested with the seal of the 111. -.Grand Chancellor, 
 Grand Secretary General H. .E.-., Keeper of the Seals and Archives, the M.-. 
 P. '.Sov. -.Grand Commander proceeded to constitute a Grand Consistory in and 
 for the sovereign and independent State of Massachusetts and to install its 
 officers. 
 
 Mat 31sT, 1862. — The M.-. P.-. Sov.-. Grand Commander stated that he had 
 appointed 111. -.Deputy Inspector General James R. Gardner, of Massachusetts, 
 a Special Deputy for that State. 
 
 On motion of lU.-.Bro.-.LEVEKiDGE, the acts of the Grand Commander in said 
 appointment were approved. 
 
 June 7th, 1862.— The M. -.P. -.Sov. -.Grand Commander then stated that since 
 the last meeting of this Body, on application, he had conferred the degrees, 
 from the fourth to the thirty-second, inclusive, on Pearson Mundt, Grand 
 Generalissimo of the Grand Commandery of this State, which act was, on 
 motion, confirmed. 
 
35 ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED RITE, 
 
 June 17th, 1862. — The HI. -.Grand Master of Ceremonies then presented 
 Sublime Princes Haekison S. Vining and John Monroe, who were duly invested, 
 and acknowledged and proclaimed Deputy Inspectors General of the thirty- 
 third degree, and Honorary Members of this Supreme Council. 
 
 An application from 111. -.Bro.-. Clinton F. Paige, for authority to confer the 
 degrees from fourth to eighteenth, inclusive, on a sufficient number of Brethren 
 to enable them to establish a Lodge of Perfection, Council of Princes of Jeru- 
 salem and Chapter of Rose >l-, was then read by the Grand Commander, and, 
 on motion, the Grand Commander was requested to furnish the necessary 
 authority. 
 
 A communication was then read from 111. '.Bro.'. James E. Gardner, tendering 
 his resignation as Special Deputy for the State of Massachusetts, which after 
 some discussion was, on motion, disposed of by directing the Grand Secretary 
 to return it to Bro. -.Gardner, with the wishes of this Supreme Council that he 
 would continue to serve in that position. 
 
 Oct. 29th, 1862. — 111. -.Bro.. Harry J. Setmour, Grand Master of Ceremonies, 
 then introduced 111. -.Princes Jotham Post, George F. Woodward, Charles A. 
 Rapallo, Aldemour W. King, Kohert G. Eemson and Horace S. Taylor. 
 who were invested, acknowledged and proclaimed Deputy Inspectors General 
 of the thirty- third degree and Honorary Members of this Supreme Council. 
 
 lll.-.Bro. -.H. J. Sktmodr made a verbal statement of his visit to Europe, 
 
 when 111. -.Bro. -.Holmes offered the following resolution, which was adopted, 
 Tnem. con. 
 
 Resolved, That the thanks of this Supreme Council are unanimously due to 
 111. -.Bro. -.Harry J. Seymour for his arduous and judicious services in France, 
 Scotland and England, in behalf of this Supreme Council and of Ancient 
 Scottish Rite in North America. 
 
 It was also ordered that the same be entered in full on the minutes, and a 
 copy engrossed with the seal of the Supreme Council attached, be presented to 
 lll.-.Bro. -.Seymour. 
 
 On motion, a vote of thanks was passed to Marconis De Negee for kindness 
 and courtesies to 111. -.Bro.-. Seymour in his late visit to Paris. 
 
 Jan. 19th, 1863. — The Committee on the Condition of the A.-. and A.'. Rite, 
 made the following report : 
 
 " The Committee on the Condition of the A-.andA. . Rite would most respect- 
 fully beg leave to report — 
 
 That the party known as the Raymond Body, of Boston, have lately pro- 
 posed, in their individual capacities and by official resolution, suggestions 
 looking to the merging in and association with this Supreme Council, bringing 
 ■with them documents, properties and everything appertaining to their organi- 
 zation. 
 
 Tour committee, on invitation, met those gentlemen in social and friendly 
 converse on these important subjects, and were treated in the most cordial 
 and hospitable manner, and have arrived at the conclusion that the best 
 interests of this Supreme Council would be subserved by an immediate solution 
 
FROM 1860 TO THE PRESENT TIME. 37 
 
 of the matters in question, which shall be alike just to the original authority 
 of this Supreme Council, and the dignity of the gentlemen with whom the 
 conference has been had. 
 
 Tour committee therefore recommend that they, or some other committee, 
 be empowered to act in the premises. 
 
 All of which is most respectfully submitted, 
 
 EDMUND B. HATES, 1 
 
 DANIEL SICKELS, f ^»«^«- 
 
 Which was, on motion, received, and the recommendation adopted, and 
 111. -.Bro. '.Henky C. Banks added to said committee, making the committee 
 consist of M. -.P. -.Edmund B. Hates, 111. -.Daniel Sickels and HiSNRY C. 
 Banks. 
 
 111. -.Bro.-. Henry C. Banks read the following communication from France 
 to this Supreme Council, and directed to him as Acting Secretary General of the 
 Supreme Council of the thirty-third degree. 
 
 Grand Central Lodge of France, 
 
 Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite, 
 Very nir. Brother:^ Paris, December 5, 1862. 
 
 On my return from a long sojourn in my native land, I have had the 
 pleasure to find your honorable letter of the twenty-seventh of September, 
 with the patent, which accredits me your Representative of the Supreme 
 Council of the United States of North America, at New York, near the 
 Supreme Council of France, to which I have the honor to belong. In order 
 to be your Representative near the Supreme Council of France, it is neces- 
 sary that your Puissant Grand Commander, the very Illustrious Brother, 
 Edmund B. Hates, address a letter to our Grand Master, the very Illustrious 
 Brother, F. Viennet, who resides at number 18, Rue Godot Mouroy, Paris, 
 stating to him that in consequence of the death of the Count de St. Laurent, 
 you have selected me to replace him. In this manner the thing is regularly 
 done and formally complied with. 
 
 At your suggestion, I will procure one of your colleagues to represent us 
 with you. 
 
 Our Very Puissant Grand Commander, Grand Master Viennet, is a brave old 
 man of eighty-four years, a good mason, a good brother ; in fine, he has all the 
 good qualities of an estimable man. 
 
 I thank you sincerely for the distinguished honor you have conferred on me 
 In naming me your Grand Representative, and you may rest assured that I will 
 respond loyally to the confidence you have reposed in me, for my desire is, that 
 the masonic ties, which ought to uuite the Brethren scattered in the two 
 hemispheres, be drawn closer and closer. 
 
 I pray you to take note of the error in my name which the patent bears. My 
 name is the Baron Auquste Hugo de Bulow, and not Alfred. 
 
 Accept, very Illustrious Brother, my high consideration and fraternal salu- 
 tation. 
 
 Your devoted Brother and friend, 
 
 LE BARON AUGUSTS HUGO DE BULOW. 
 
 Rne Bivoli 24, Paris. 
 
38 ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED RITE, 
 
 Which was, on motion, received and ordered to be entered on the minutes 
 in full, and the M. -.P.-.Sov.-.Grsmd Commander requested to conduct the 
 
 necessary correspondence. 
 
 New York, April 15, 1863. 
 The Supreme Grand Council met this day, and was opened in the usual form 
 by the M.-.P.-.Sov.-.Grand Commander, Editond B. Hayes, assisted by 
 111. -.Daniel Sickels, Gr.-Sec.-.Gm.-.H.-.E.-. 
 
 Robert E. Roberts, Grand Treasurer General S.-.E.'. 
 Hesrt C. Banks, Grand Marshal General II.'. E.-. 
 John Jxses, Grand Standard Bearer. 
 The reading of the Balustre of the last sessicn was dispensed with by the 
 M..Sov. -.Grand Commander. 
 
 The committee appointed at the last session to act in the premises of 
 negotiating a union with the Body known as the Supreme Council for the 
 Northern Jurisdiction of the United States, made the following report, which 
 was unanimously adopted ; that they had conferred with the Body before 
 mentioned, and agreed upon the following. 
 
 ARTICLES OF CONSOLIDATION. 
 
 Adopted and consummated by and between the Supreme Council, thirty- 
 third and last degree, for the Northern Jurisdiction of the United States, sit- 
 ting at Boston, of the one part, and the Supreme Grand Council, thirty-third 
 and last degree. Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite for the United States 
 of America, their territories and dependencies, sitting at New York, of the 
 other part 
 
 Whereas, The said parties, in their individual and sovereign capaciti^, 
 being mutually desirous of sidvaucing the interests of masonry within the 
 jurisdiction, and wishing to consolidate the authorities therein under one 
 governing head, have clothed their representatives with full and perfect 
 powers to that end, who, in the name of said parties, have agreed, consented, 
 provided and ordained, and do by these presents agree, consent, provide and 
 ordain, as follows : 
 
 1st. The said Supreme Coimcils are, by virtue hereof, consolidated tmder 
 the name of the Supreme Grand Council, thirty-third and last degree of the 
 Ancient and Accepted Scottish Bite for the United States of America, their 
 territories and dependencies, sitting at New York. 
 
 2d. HI. -Sovereign Grand Inspectors General, heretofore created by either 
 of the parties hereto, shall be recognized upon taking the oath of fealty to 
 the Supreme Council for the United States of America, &c. 
 
 3d. All Subordinate Bodies hailing under either of the parties hereto, are 
 to be duly acknowledged and recognized upon taking the oath of fealty to 
 the said Supreme Council for the United States of America, etc., and new 
 warrants may be granted, or the existing ones properly endorsed, as the said 
 Bodies respectively may elect. 
 
 4th. All properties, of whatever name, kind and description, belonging to 
 the parties hereto, or either of them, are hereby declared to be vested in the 
 
FROM 1860 TO THE PRESENT TIME. 39 
 
 said Supreme Council for the United States of America, etc., and will be 
 delivered accordingly to the Grand Secretary General thereof. 
 
 6th. Until otherwise ordered, the Constitutions and General Regulations of 
 the second party hereto, are hereby adopted and declared in full force for the 
 government of the consolidated body herein provided for. 
 
 6th. The number of Active Members of said Council is hereby increased to 
 seventeen (creating eight new offices), and the officers of the said Consolidated 
 Council, ad vitam, shall be as follows : 
 
 ni. -.Edmund B. Hates, M.P.-.Sov.-.Grand Commander. 
 
 Edwaud a. Raymond, Sov.-. Assistant Grand Commander. 
 Simon W. Robinson, 1 st Lieutenant Grand Commander. 
 Hopkins Thompson, 2d " " " 
 
 , Grand Orator. 
 
 George M. Randall, Grand Minister of State. 
 Ldcics R. Paige, Grand Chancellor. 
 Daniel Siokels, Grand Secretary General H. -.E.-. 
 Robert E. Roberts. Grand Treasurer General H. • J!. •. 
 Henry C. Banks, Grand Marshal General H.-.E. ■. 
 Aaron P. Hughes, Grand Sword Bearer. 
 Harry J. Seymour, 1st Grand Master of Ceremonies. 
 Charles T. McClenachan, 2d Grand Master of Ceremonies. 
 Pefer Lawson, Grand Introductor. 
 John Innes, Grand Standard Bearer. 
 William "Field, 1st Grand Captain of Guard. 
 William H. Jarvis, 2J Grand Captain of Guard. 
 7th. The Emeritus position of Sov. -.Assistant Grand Commander is con- 
 ferred on 111. -.Edward A. Raymond, in recognition of his long and distin- 
 guished services in the Rite. 
 
 In testimony of all which, Edward A. Raymond, George M. Randall and 
 Lucius R. Paige, on behalf of said first party, and Edmund B. Hayes, Daniel 
 Siokels and Hesbt C. Banks, on behalf of said second party, have hereunto 
 set their hands and seals interchangeably, for the uses and purposes herein- 
 before expressed. 
 
 Done at the city of Boston, this seventh day of February, a. d. 1863. 
 
 EDWARD A. RAYMOND, [l. s.] 
 GEO. M. RANDALL. [l. s.] 
 
 LUCIUS E. PAIGE. [l. s.] 
 
 EDJIUND B. HAYES. [l. s.] 
 
 DANIEL SrCKELS. [l. s.] 
 
 HENRY C. BANKS. [l. s.] 
 
 The following Hlustrious Brethren were then introduced : Simon W. Eoedi- 
 son, George M. Randall, Aarcn P. Hughes, Peter Lawson and WmjAM 
 Field. 
 
 The M. -.P. -.Sov. -.Grand Commander, Edmund B. Hayes, then installed the 
 officers of the Supreme Council as follows ; 
 
 HI. -.Edward A. Raymond, Assistant Sovereign Grand Commander. 
 Simon W. Robinson, 1st Lieutenant Grand Commander. 
 
40 
 
 ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED RITE, 
 
 Hopkins Thompson. 2d Lieut Grand Commander. 
 , Grand Orator. 
 
 George M. Randall, Grand Minister of State. 
 Lucius R. Paige, Grand Chancellor. 
 Daniel Siokels, Grand Secretary General H.--E.-. 
 EoEEBT E. Roberts, Grand Treasurer General H.-.E.-. 
 Henet C. Banks, Grand Marshal General. 
 Aaron P. Hughes, Grand Sword Bearer. 
 H. J. Seymour, 1st Grand Master of Ceremonies. 
 Charles T. McClenachan, 2d Grand Master of CeremonieB. 
 Peter Lawson, Grand Expert Introductor. 
 JohnInnes, Grand Standard Bearer. 
 William Field, 1st Grand Captain of the Guard. 
 William H. Jarvis, 2d Grand Captain of the Guard. 
 111. -.Bro. -.Henry G. Banks, as Grand Orator, then made a brief but eloquent 
 address on the history and usefulness of the Ancient and Accepted Rite. 
 
 On motion, a. committee was then appointed to take into consideration 
 alterations and amendments to Constitutions, consisting of 111. -.Bro. -.E. B. 
 Hayes, A. P. Hughes, Peter Lawson, Henry C. Banks and Daniel Siokels. 
 
 On motion, the Supreme Council adjourned until Thursday, the sixteenth 
 Instant, at two o'clock, r. m. 
 
 DANIEL SIOKELS, 
 
 Gr.-S»c.\Om.-.H.-.E.-. 
 
 In order that the reader may more clearly understand the 
 history, we will return to the Gourgas-Eaymond Council, 
 bringing it up to 1863. 
 
 After the Council was fully organized, it consisted of the 
 
 following officers, etc. : 
 
 M.-. p. -.Edward A. Raymond, Boston, (P. G. M.) Sov.-. Grand Commander ad 
 vitam. 
 
 P. -.Simon W. Robinson, Lexington, (P. G. M.) Lieut.-. Grand Commander. 
 
 111. -.Peter Lawson, Lowell, (P. D. D. G. M.) Grand Treasurer Gen.-. H.-.E.-. 
 
 111. -.Lucius R. Paige, Cambridgeport, (P. D. G. M.) Grand Secretary Gen.-. 
 H.-.E.-. 
 
 IU.-.Georgb M. Randall, D, D., Boston, (P. G. M.) Grand Minister of State. 
 
 111. -. Charles T. McClenachan, New York, Grand Master of Ceremonies. 
 
 Ill.-.WiLLiAM Field, Providence, R. I., (P. G. M.) Grand Captain L.-.G.-. 
 
 III.-. William B. Hubbard, Columbus, Ohio, (P. G. M.) Sovereign Grand Inspec- 
 tor General, 33°. 
 
 111. -.J. J. J. GouRGAS, New York, (P. S. G. C.) Emeritus, Sovereign Grand Inspec- 
 tor General, 33°. 
 
 111. -.Aaron P. Hughes, Nashua, N. H., (G. M.) Sovereign Grand Inspector Gen- 
 eral, 33°, Deputy for New Hampshire. 
 
FROM 1860 TO THE PEESENT TIME. 41 
 
 Deputies have also been designated, and will be forthwith commissioned and 
 qualified, to wit : 
 
 III.-.Chaelbs S. Westcott, New York, for New York. 
 111. -.John A. Foster, New York, for New Jersey. 
 
 111. '.E. T. Cakson, Cincinnati, Sovereign Grand Inspector General, 33'^, resides 
 within this jurisdiction, and is understood to remain loyal to this Supreme 
 Grand Council. 
 
 July 12th, 1861. — Pursuant to a unanimous vote of the Supreme Grand 
 Council at its last Annual Session, 111. -.Aaron P. Hughes, S.-.P. -.R. -.S.-., of 
 Nashua, N. H., (Grand Master of New Hampshire,) was advanced to the emi- 
 nent degree of Sovereign Grand Inspector General, thirty-third and last degree 
 of the Ancient and Accepted Bite. 
 
 111. •. Charles T. MoClenaohan was admitted, by unanimous vote, as an Active 
 Member of the Supreme Grand Council. 
 
 111. -.Simon W. Robinson resigned the office of Grand Treasurer Gen.-.H.-. 
 E.-., and his resignation was accepted. 
 
 111. -.Peter Lawson resigned the office of Grand Master of Ceremonies, and his 
 resignation was accepted. 
 
 The M.-.P.-.Sov.-.Grand Commander appointed and installed 111.-. Peter 
 Lawson as Grand Treasurer Gen. -.H. -.E.-. 
 
 The M. -.P. -.Sov. -.Grand Commander appointed and installed 111. -.Charles T. 
 MoClen'aohan as Grand Master of Ceremonies. 
 
 The M.-. P.-. Sov. -.Grand Commander announced the appointment of 111.-. 
 Aaron P. Hughes to the office of Deputy for the State of 'New Hampshire. 
 
 The eminent degree of Sovereign Grand Inspector General, thirty-third and 
 last degree of the Ancient and Accepted Rite, was granted by unanimous vote 
 to 111. -.Charles S. Westcott, S.'.P.'.R.-.S.-., ofNewYork; and the Sovereign 
 Grand Commander was requested to confer the s'ame at his convenience, and to 
 appoint the said 111. -.Bro.-. Westcott to the office of Deputy for the State of 
 New York. 
 
 The eminent degree of Sovereign Grand Inspector General, thirty-third and 
 last degree of the Ancient and Accepted Rite, was granted by unanimous vote 
 to 111. -.John A. Foster, S.-.P.-.R. -.S. -., of New York ; and the Sovereign Grand 
 Commander was requested to confer the same at his convenience, and to 
 appoint the said 111. -.Bro. -.Foster to the office of Deputy for the State of New 
 Jersey. 
 
 August 30th, 1861. — Pursuant to a unanimous vote of the Supreme Grand 
 Council, passed at its special communication on the twelfth day of July last, 
 m.-.JoHN A. Foster, S.'.P.-.R.-.S.-., of New York, was advanced to the emi- 
 nent degree of Sovereign Grand Inspector General, thirty-third and last degree 
 of the Ancient and Accepted Rite. 
 
 The M.-.P.-.Sov.-.Grand Commander announced the appointment of 111.-. 
 John A. Foster to the office of Deputy for the State of New Jersey. 
 
42 ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED RITE, 
 
 Nov. 19th, 1861. — Agreeably to a vote passed unanimously at its session oa 
 the twelfth day of July last, Ill.-.CHAKLBa S. Westcott, S.-.P.-.R.-.S.-., of New- 
 York, was adTauced to the eminent degree of Sovereign Grand Inspector Gen- 
 eral, thirty-third and last degree of the Ancient and Accepted Eite. 
 
 The M. '.P. '.Sov. -.Grand Commander announced the appointment of HI.-. 
 Charles S. Wksicott, of New York, to the office of Deputy for New York. 
 
 Nov. 21st, 1861. — Ordered, That, u. circular be published and promulgated, 
 giving the evidence of the expulsion of Joseph Ceenkau, by the Grand Orient 
 of France, for having attempted to establish spurious Bodies in the A. -.and A.-. 
 Eite in the United States of America ; and that the said circular contain th& 
 proofs of the organization and regular continuance of this Supreme Grand 
 Council up to the present time; and that 111. -.Bros. -.Chakles S. Westcott, 
 Charles T. MoGienachan, Peter Lawson, James M. Austin and Aaron P 
 Hughes be a, committee to prepare said circular, and report the same to the 
 M.-. P.. Sov. -.Grand Commander, and that, upon his approval, the same be 
 promulgated. 
 
 Nov. 21st, 1861. — Charges were presented by III. .John A. Foster against 
 m. -.K. H. Van Rensselaer and 111. -.Charles W. Moore ; and the M. -.P. -.Sov.-. 
 Grand Commander was requested to assign the time and place for action 
 thereon, and to cause the parties to be duly notified. 
 
 111. -.Peter Lawson proposed 111. -.John L. Lewis, Jr., S.-.P.-.E.-.S.-., of Penn 
 Yan, N. Y., as a candidate to receive the thirty-third and last degree of the 
 Ancient and Accepted Eite. 
 
 NOTICE. 
 
 Jan. 22d, 1862.— The Supreme Grand Council S.-.G.-.I.-.G.-., 33", for the 
 N.-.J. -. of the U. S. A., will hold a special meeting at No. 8 West Chester Park, 
 in the city of Boston, on Wednesday, the 8th day of January instant, at ten 
 o'clock, A. M., to take such action as shall be judged proper in regard to certain 
 publications which have recently been circulated, and to transact any other 
 business which may be legally presented. Also the said Supreme Grand Coun- 
 cil will hold a special meeting at the Winthrop House, in the city of Boston, 
 on Wednesday, the 22d day of January instant, at ten o'clock A. M., to investi- 
 gate and act upon certain charges presented against HI. -.K. H. Van Eensselaee 
 and 111. '.Charles W. Moore, and to transact any other business which may be 
 legally presented. By order of the M. -.P. -.Sov. -.Grand Commander. 
 
 LUCIUS R. PAIGE, Gr.-.Sec.-.Qm.-.H.-.E.: 
 
 Cambridgeport, January 1, 1862. 
 
 Wednesday Afternoon, Jan. 22, 1862. 
 The Supreme Grand Council was called to order by the M.-. P. -.Sov. -.Grand 
 Commander. Present, as in the morning. 
 
 The special subject assigned for consideration at this meeting was taken up ; 
 and the following charges against lU.-.K. H. Van Rensselaer, together with 
 the summons and certificate, were read by the Grand Secretary General . 
 To the Supreme Orand Council of Sovereign Grand Inspectors General of the thirty-third 
 degree, for the Northern Jurisdiction of North America. 
 
FROM 1860 TO THE PEESEST TIME. 43 
 
 The undersigned prays that your Illustrious Body will investigate the follow- 
 ing charges against Kn.i.TAW H. Vas Rsnsselaeb, 33", and that Such action may 
 be tsU^en in r^aid to the same as may seem proper : 
 
 ^tt- — That said K. H. Van Rensselaer has attempted to destroy this 
 Supreme CoimcU, and to establish a spurious and clandestine Supreme Coxmcil, 
 arrogating to itself the name and powers of this Supreme Clouncil. 
 
 Second. — That he has assumed the name and attempted to exercise the 
 powers and functions of Lieutenant Grand Commander of the H. .E. •. 
 
 Hard. — That he has presided over the said spurious Supreme Council, pre- 
 tending to assume the powers of this Supreme Council. 
 
 Fourth. — That, while presiding over said spurious Council, he has assisted 
 in creating Sovereign Grand Inspectors General, 33°, in an unlawful and 
 unconstitutional manner. 
 
 Fifth. — That, while presiding in said spurious Council, he has, in a most 
 unconstitutional, insolent and outrageous maimer, presumed to try and depose 
 the Sovereign Grand Commander of this Supreme Council and the Grand 
 Treastrrer General of the H.'.E... and proceeded to fill their places. 
 
 Sidh. — ^That he has granted dispensations to Ineffable Bodies, empowering 
 them to work, in a clandestine manner, thereby assuming the powers of the 
 Sovereign Grand Commander. 
 
 &renrt.— That he has caused to be published and has circulated the Proceed- 
 ings of such spurious Council, declaring it to be the Supreme Grand Council 
 of this jurisdiction. 
 
 ISghth. — That after his removal from the position of Deputy of Ohio, he has 
 continued to exercise all his former powers. 
 
 Kinth. — That he has received the sum of five hundred and twenty-five dol- 
 lars from lU.-.Bro.-.IiAWSOX, employing him, as his agent, to purchase certain 
 books, papers and pamphlets from Ill.-.Bro.-.J. J. J. Gocbgas, Most Puissant 
 Past Grand Commander ; that he purchased said papers and documents from 
 m.-.Bro.-.GocBGAs; but that he has refused to deliver up to Bro.-.LAWSON 
 said papers and doctmientg, and has fraudulently appropriated them to his own 
 use and possession. 
 
 Tenth. — ^That he has collected moneys from Ineffable Masons and Ineffable 
 .Masonic Bodies as Deputy, which moneys he has appropriated to his own use, 
 and has never made return of the same to this Supreme Council. 
 
 Elecenth. — That he has used his official position as a means of raising and 
 obtaining money for his own use, to the great scandal of the Ancient and 
 Accepted Eite in this jurisdiction. 
 
 Twelfth. — That his character has always been bad, and disreputable; and 
 that it was by the concealment of such character that he was enabled to 
 
 obtain the Ineflable degrees. 
 
 JOHN A. FOSTER, 
 New York, July 11, 1861. Ki. -.iJ.-.f. . K-D-H.-., S. -.P.-.R. .S. : 
 
44 ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED RITE, 
 
 To 111. -.K. H. Van Ebnsseiaer : 
 
 The foregoing charges having been duly presented against you, and the 
 Supreme Grand Council having entertained the same, and having requested 
 the M.'.P.'.Sov. '.Grand Commander to assign the time and place for action 
 thereon, the M. .P. -.So v. -.Grand Commander has assigned Wednesday, the 
 twenty-second day of January, a. d., 1862, at ten o'clock a. m., £is the time, and 
 the Wiuthrop House, in the city of Boston, Mass., as the place, for the inves- 
 tigation of said charges and adjudication thereon by the Supreme Grand 
 Council ; at which time and place you are hereby summoned to appear, to 
 make answer to said charges, and to show cause, if any you have, why judg- 
 ment should not be pronounced against you. 
 
 DEnS MEUMQUE JUS. 
 
 By order of the M.-.P.-.Sov.-.Grand Commander, 
 
 LUCIUS E. PAIGE, SS", 
 
 GT.-.Sec.-.Gen.-.E.:E.: 
 Cambridgepokt, January 1, 1862. 
 
 I certify that on this first day of January, a. d. 1862, I deposited in the Post 
 Office at Cambridgeport, Mass, a package, containing an attested copy of the 
 within written charges, and an original summons, of which the foregoing is a 
 true copy, addressed to " K. H. Van Rensselaer, Cambridge, Ohio." 
 Attest : LUCIUS E. PAIGE, 33q, 
 
 Gr.-.Sa:.-.Gm.-.E.-.E.-. 
 
 111. '.K. '.H. -.Vax Eensselaer was thrice called to appear and make answer 
 to the foregoing charges, but made default. Evidence was then heard in 
 support of said charges ; and after a full consideration, the question was 
 taken in the ancient form, and the said K. H. Van Eensselaer was unanimously 
 adjudged guilty of the offences set forth in the first, second, third, fourth, fifth, 
 sixth, seventh and ninth charges. No witnesses were present to substantiate 
 the eighth, tenth, eleventh and twelfth charges, and said charges were not 
 sustained. 
 
 On motion of the P. Lieut. '.Grand Commander, the following preamble and 
 decree were unanimously adopted, the same form in voting being observed : 
 
 Whereas, Ul.-.K. H. Van Eensselaer, of Cambridge, Ohio, has been ad- 
 judged guilty of the several offences set forth in the first, second, third, fourth, 
 fifth, sixth, seventh and ninth charges presented by 111.-. John A. Foster, it is 
 therefore unanimously 
 
 Resolved, and Decreed. That said K. H. Van Eensselaer be and he Ls hereby 
 expelled from all the rights and privileges of the A. -.and A. -.Rite. 
 
 The following charges against 111. -.Charles W. Mooee, together with the 
 summons and certificate, were read by the Grand Secretary General : 
 
 To the Supreme Grand Council of Smereign Grand Injectors General, 33°, Andent 
 and Accepted Rite, for the j)iorthern Jurisdiction of the United States. 
 1 do hereby prefer charges against Bro. .Charles W. Moore, a Sovereign 
 Grand Inspector General, 33*", and pray that the same may be investigated, 
 and he be dealt with as required by our Ancient Constitution and Regula- 
 tions, 
 
FEOM 1860 TO THE PRESENT TIME. 45 
 
 CHAROES. 
 
 Mrst. — Said Chakles W. Moore did conspire with Killian H. Van Rens- 
 selaer (a Deputy Grand Inspector General) and witli others to organize and 
 establish a spurious and clandestine Body, which called itself the Supreme 
 Grand Council for the Northern Masonic Jurisdiction of the United States of 
 America. 
 
 Second. — That said Charles W. Mooke did conspire with said Van Rensse- 
 laer and others to elect officers of their said spurious Body, and claimed that 
 such officers were the officers of the constitutional Supreme Grand Council. 
 
 Third. — That said Charles W. Moore did conspire with said Van Rens- 
 selaer and others to publish two documents purporting to be the Proceed- 
 ings of the Supreme Grand Council for the Northern Jurisdiction of the United 
 States of America, when they were in fact the Proceedings of said clandestine 
 and spurious Body. 
 
 Fourth. — That said Charles W. Moore did conspire with said Van Rens- 
 selaer and others to use, and did use, the seal of the Supreme Grand Council 
 (surreptitiously in their possession) upon documents emanating from said 
 spurious and clandestine Body. 
 
 Fifth. — That said Charles W. Moore, with said Killian H. Van Rens- 
 selaer and others, did, in a clandestine and unlawful manner, confer the 
 degree of Sovereign Grand Inspector General on various persons,, namely, 
 A. B. Thompson, W. S. Gardner, Winslow Lewis, N. H. Godld, A. E. 
 Stocker, H. a. Johxson, George W. Deering and William Parkman, as in the 
 printed Proceedings of said spurious Body is more fully set forth. 
 
 Sixth. — That said Charles W. Moore, conspiring with said Van Rens- 
 selaer and others, did unlawfully and illegally detain and appropriate to the 
 use of said spurious Body certain documents and archives which are in fact 
 the property of the Supreme Grand Council. 
 
 Seventh. — That in all the aforesaid acts the said Charles W. Moore has 
 violated his obligations as a Sovereign Grand Inspector General. 
 
 JOHN A. FOSTER, Sov.-.Gr.-.Ins.-.Gen.-.ZS'^, 
 
 New York, Nov. 20, 1861. Depaty for the State of New Jersey. 
 
 To 111. . Charles W. Moore : 
 
 The foregoing charges having been duly presented against you, and the 
 Supreme Grand Council having entertained the same, and having requested 
 the M.-.P.-.Sov.-. Grand Commander to assign the time and place for action 
 thereon, the M.-.P.-.Sov. -.Grand Commander has assigned Wednesday, the 
 twenty-second day of January, a. d. 1862, at ten o'clock a. m., as the time, and 
 the Winthrop House, in Boston, as the place, for the investigation of said 
 charges and adjudication thereon by the Supreme Grand Council ; at which 
 time and place you are hereby summoned to appear, to make answer to said 
 charges, and to show cause, if any you have, why judgment should not be 
 pronounced against you. 
 
 DEUS meumque jus. 
 
 By order of the M.-.P.-.Sov. -.Grand Commander. 
 
 LUCIUS R. PAIGE, 33", 
 
 Gr.-.See.-.Gen.-.H.-.E.-. 
 
46 
 
 ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED EITE, 
 
 Cambeidgeport, January 16, 1862. 
 I certify that on this sixteenth day of January, a. d. 1862, I placed in the 
 hands of the I11.-.Chari.e3 W. Moore, an attested copy of the foregoing 
 charges, and an original summons, of which the ahove is a true copy. 
 Attest : LUCIUS K. PAIGE, 33°, 
 
 GT.-.Sec-.Gen.-.H.:E.: 
 
 111.-. Charles W. Moore was thrice called to appear and make answer to the 
 foregoing charges, but made default. Evidence was then heard in support of 
 said charges ; and, after a, full consideration, the question was taken in the 
 ancient form, and the said Charles W. Moore was unanimously adjudged 
 guilty of all the offences set forth in said charges. 
 
 On motion of the P.-. Lieut. -.Grand Commander, the following preamble 
 and decree were unanimously adopted ; the same form of voting being 
 observed : 
 
 Whereas, 111. -.Charles W. Mooke, of Boston, has been adjudged guilty of 
 the several offences set forth in the charges presented by IH.-.John A. Foster, 
 it is therefore unanimously 
 
 Resolved, and Decreed, That said Charles W. Moore be, and he is hereby, 
 expelled from all the rights and privileges of the Ancient and Accepted Eite. 
 
 Resolved, and Decreed, That a circular, under the seal of this Supreme 
 Grand Council, and attested by the signatures of its oflBicers, be forwarded to 
 all sister Supreme Grand Councils over the surface of the two Hemispheres, 
 and to the Subordinate Bodies under this jurisdiction, in form and manner 
 following, to wit : 
 
 Dehs Meumque Jus. 
 Pro.m the Grand East op the Supreme Grand Council of Sov. -.Grand In- 
 spectors General op the thirty-third and last degree of the Ancient 
 AND Accepted Rite for the Northern Jurisdiction of the U. S. A., 
 
 UNDER the C.-.C.-.OF THE Z. •.,NEAR THE B.-.B.'., WHICH ANSWERS TO 
 
 42° 21' 22" N.L. 
 To all sister Supreme Grand Councils throuffhout the Universe ; to all Sovereign 
 Grand Inspectors General of the thirty. third degree; to all 111. -.Most Valiant 
 and Sublime Princes of the Royal Secret, Knights of K-H, Knights of Rose 
 Oroix, Princes of Jerasalem, III. -.Princes and Knights, Grand Ineffable and 
 Sublime Free and Accepted Masons, of all degrees. Ancient and Modem, 
 over the surface of the two Hemispheres ; to all to whom these Letters shall 
 come : — Greeting. 
 
 Whereas, for more than a year, a spirit of insubordination has existed in 
 this jurisdiction, resulting in open rebellion against the authority of this 
 Supreme Grand Council, and in the organization of a spurious and clandestine 
 Body, which has assumed the name and attempted to exercise the functions 
 of this Supreme Grand Council ; and whereas one of the members and sundry 
 Sovereign Grand Inspectors General, not members of this Supreme Grand 
 Council, were the most prominent actors in said disorderly and rebellious pro- 
 ceedings, and whereas the patience and forbearance hitherto exercised towards 
 the offenders has not induced them to abandon their evil designs and prac- 
 tices, and severe discipline has become imperatively necessary : 
 
FROM 1860 TO THE PRESENT TIME. 47 
 
 Now, therefore, know ye, that this Supreme Grand Council, deferring final 
 action at this time in regard to others, has selected two of the principal 
 offenders, namely, Charles W. Moorb, of Boston, formerly Grand Secretary 
 Genereil H.-.E. ■., and Killiax H. Yax RESssEajiEK, of Cambridge, Ohio, 
 formerly Deputy Grand Inspector General for Ohio, and, after due trial, has 
 tinanimously expelled the said Charlfs ^. Moork and Kiilian H. Van 
 Kkxsselaer from all the rights and privileges of the Ancient and Accepted 
 Kite, for such gross unmasonic conduct 
 
 And all sister Supreme ■ Grand CouncUs are requested, and all Masons and 
 Masonic Bodies owing allegiance to this Supreme Grand Council are strictly 
 enjoined, to hold no intercourse or commnnicalion in the Ancient and Ac- 
 cepted Rite with either of said expelled persons, or with the said spurious and 
 clandestine Body which they have assisted to establish. 
 
 Given at the Grand East of Boston, this twenty-second day of January, a. d. 
 1862; and certified under our hands and the seal of the Supreme Grand Council. 
 
 April 2d, 1862. — Letters from Dl.-.Bro. -.Chaklis S. 'R'estcott and Robket 
 Macoy and other important documents were read. 
 
 After full consideration and a deliberate examination of the reasons for and 
 against the same, the following preamble and decree were unanimously 
 adopted : 
 
 Whereas, It has been nnofBcially made known to us that the Body, over 
 which our Hl.-.Bro.-.E. B. Hates now presides, is disposed to unite with this 
 Body in one enlarged Supreme Grand Council, and whereas this Body is dis- 
 posed to adopt any legal measures for the promotion of peace and harmony 
 in the Ancient and Accepted Rite : 
 
 Decreed, That il. .P. -.Edward A. Ratmont), Esq., Ill.-.Lccits R. Paigb, 
 D.'D., and IU.-.Gboege M. Rax-dall, D. D., be a committee with power to 
 confer with a similar committee to be appointed by the Body over which our 
 said lU.-.Bro.-JlATES presides, and to arrange, if practicable, such a union of 
 the two Bodies upon a just and honorable basis ; and to report such a basis, 
 if arranged, for the final action of this Supreme Grand CouncU. 
 
 Mat 20th. — An address, prepared by the M.-.P.-.Sov.-.Grand Commander, 
 and conmiunicated in writing, was read by the Grand Secretary General. 
 
 Mat 20th, 1862.. — Illustrious Brethren : Since our last annual session, the 
 Supreme Grand CouncU has held several meetings. Some of the more im- 
 portant business transacted at those meetings may be briefly stated. On the 
 twelfth day of July, 1861, agreeably to a vote, unanimously passed at the last 
 annual session, IU.-.Aabox P. Hugh^. of Xashua, Grand Master of Xew 
 Hampshire, was admitted to the honor of the thirty-third degree, and pro- 
 claimed a Sovereign Grand Inspector General ; and, with the concurrence of 
 the Council, he was appointed Deputy for New Hampshire. The same degree 
 waj5 granted by unanimous vote to HI.-.Chas S. Westoott and Hl.-.JoHX A. 
 Fo^TF.R. both of New York ; and the Grand Commander was requested to 
 
48 ANCIENT AND ACCEFl'DU KITE, 
 
 confer the same upon them at his earliest convenience. They have both 
 received the thirty-third degree, and been announced and proclaimed Sov- 
 ereign Grand Inspectors General. lU.-.Bro.-.WESTCOTT has received the ap- 
 pointment of Deputy for the State of New York ; and Ill.-.Bro.-.FosTEK has 
 received the same appointment for the State of New Jersey. 
 
 IIl.-.SiMO>' W. Robinson having resigned the ofiSce of Treasurer General 
 H.-.E.-., and 111. -.Peter liAWSON having resigned the office of Grand Master 
 of Ceremonies, their resignations were accepted, and IH.-.Petee. Lawson 
 was appointed and installed as Grand Treasurer General H. -.£.•., and 111. . 
 Charles T. McClenachan was appointed and installed as Grand Master of 
 Ceremonies, and declared to be an Active Member of the Supreme Council. 
 
 November 19, 1861, the Supreme Grand Council met in the city of New 
 York, and the meeting was fully attended. At the same time and place, 
 there was a. meeting of the Supreme Grand Consistory, at which several 
 measures were adopted for the general interest of the Rite, all of which were 
 confirmed by the Supreme Council. 
 
 At a meeting of the Supreme Council convened at the Grand East, Boston, 
 January 8, 1862, the nomination having been made at a previous meeting, the 
 eminent degree of Sovereign Grand Inspector General, 33°, was granted by 
 unanimous vote to Hon. John L. Lewis, Jr., of Penn Yan, Past Grand Master 
 of the State of New York, and the Grand Commander was requested to con- 
 fer the same at his convenience. 
 
 Since our last annual Convocation, several dispensations have been granted 
 to loyal and competent Brethren, to form and organize Subordinate Bodies 
 under this jurisdiction, viz : 
 
 June 4, 1861, Boston Consistory, at Boston, Mass. 
 
 June 6, 1861, Council of Princes of Jerusalem for the State of New Jersey, 
 at Hoboken, N. J. 
 
 February 20, 1862, Troy Lodge of Perfection, Troy, N. Y. 
 
 March 8, 1862, Brooklyn Lodge of Perfection, Brooklyn, N. Y. 
 
 March 3, 1862, Jefferson Lodge of Perfection, at Watertown, N. Y. 
 
 March 7, 1862, Central City Lodge'of Perfection, Syracuse, N. Y. 
 
 April 5, 1861, "Williamsburg Lodge of Perfection, Williamsburg, N. Y. 
 
 I recommend that charters be granted to the aforesaid Bodies, or that the 
 dispensations be continued in force until the next Annual Meeting of the 
 Supreme Council, as shall be judged most beneficial to the several Bodies 
 and most conducive to the good of the Order. 
 
 Notwithstanding the opposition of the rebellious and disloyal, we have good 
 cause to be thankful for the prosperity which has attended our labors, and to 
 persevere in well doing. I shall be most happy to co-operate with you in all 
 judicious measures to promote the highest interest of our beloved Institution. 
 
 To all our III. -.Most Valiant and SvUime Princes of the Royal Secret, Grand Ijiquisitor 
 Commanders, lU.-. Knights of K-H, Sovereign Princes and Knights R.-.C.-., 
 Grand. In^able and Sublime Free and Accept^ Masons of all degrees, Ancient 
 and Modem, aver the Surface of the two Hemispheres : 
 Health, Stability, Power. 
 
FROM 1860 TO THE PRESENT TIME. 49 
 
 Know ye, that at a session of the Supreme Council of M. -.P. '.Sovereign 
 Grand Inspectors General, thirty-third and last degree, of the Ancient and 
 Accepted Scottish Rite, legally constituted for the Masonic Jurisdiction of 
 the Republic of Peru and its dependencies, holden on the second day of the 
 month Nisan, a., m. 5622, corresponding with the second day of April, a. d. 
 1862, an authentic decree was read, which was passed on the twenty-second 
 day of January, a. d. 1862, and transmitted by the Supreme Council of Sov- 
 ereign Grand Inspectors General, 33°, for the N. '.J.-.of the TJ. S. A., of which 
 our 111. -.Bro.'. Edward A. Raymond is Sovereign Grand Commander ad vitam, 
 and Luoius R. Paige Grand Secretary General, expelling from that Body the 
 Sovereign Grand Inspectors General Charles "W. Moore and Killian H. 
 Van Rensselaek, and denouncing the Body which they have formed as 
 illegal, and whatever may emanate from them as spurious and clandestine, and 
 
 considering : 
 
 1. That the said degree emanates from a legal Masonic Body, and that its 
 design is to correct abuses within its jurisdiction : 
 
 2. That Masons cannot masonicall/ hold communication with Bodies not 
 established by legal authority : 
 
 3. That all Supreme Masonic Councils ought to sustain each other in cor- 
 recting irregularity wherever it exists : 
 
 Decreed, That we declare to be irregular the aforesaid Charles "W. Mookb 
 
 and Killian H. Van Rensselaer, and the Body which they have formed, 
 
 as also whatever may emanate from them ; and that it is unlawful to hold 
 
 communication with such Bodies, or with the members who compose them ; 
 
 and we command all the officers in our jurisdiction neither to admit to their 
 
 altars nor to hold masonic communication with the said Moobb and Vau 
 
 Rensselabr, and, on the contrary, to close their doors against them, as also 
 
 against all the members of the Body which they have formed, and all who 
 
 obey them. 
 
 Attested and sealed by us, 
 
 ANTONIO DB SOUZA FERREIRA, 
 
 M.-.P.-.Sm.-.Grand Commander of the Supreme Council, 33°, 
 
 for the Republic of Peru. 
 
 [l. s.] RAFAEL SAGO, 
 
 Grand Secreiary General H.\E.\ 
 
 i. A circular, under the Great Seal of the Supreme Grand Council, and 
 attested by the M. -.P. -.Antonio de Sohza Fbrreira, Sovereign Grand Com- 
 mander, and 111. -.Rafael Saoo, Grand Secretary General H.-.E.-., announcing 
 the existence of a spurious and clandestine Body within its jurisdiction styling 
 itself a Grand Council, and warning all other Supreme Grand Councils to hold 
 no masonic communication with the said spurious Body. 
 
 After careful examination of the aforesaid circular, and after full delibera- 
 tion, it was unanimously decreed as follows : 
 
 Whereat, At this session of the Supreme Grand Council for the Northern 
 Jurisdiction of the United States of America, on the twentieth day of the 
 Hebrew month Jyar, a. m. 5622, corresponding with the twentieth day of 
 
50 ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED EITE, 
 
 May, A. D. 1862, a duly authenticated circular, emanating from the Supreme 
 Grand Council of Peru and ita dependencies, has been presented and examined, 
 by which it appears that two expelled masons, without lawful authority have 
 assumed to confer the thirty-third degree on other unworthy persons, and 
 together with them have formed, or are attempting to form, a spurious 
 Council within the proper jurisdiction of the Supreme Grand Council of Peru : 
 and 
 
 CONSmERINQ : 
 
 1. That, according to the Constitution of 1786, not more than one Supreme 
 Grand Council can legally exist in the same Masonic District : 
 
 2. That the Supreme Grand Council of Peru and its dependencies, whereof 
 M.'.P.-.A2>TONio DB SouzA Feerelea IS now the Sovereign Grand Com- 
 mander, and HI.-.Eaiael Sago is the Grand Secretary General, has been for 
 more than thirty years, and is now acknowledged by other Supreme Grand 
 Councils as legitimate and constitutional, and as the only Supreme Grand 
 Council having lawful authority to exercise jurisdiction in the EepubHc of 
 Peru: 
 
 3. That all legal Supreme Grand Councils ought to respect the rights of 
 each other, to render all proper aid in the maintenance of those rights, and to 
 discountenance rebellion and usurpation : 
 
 Decreed, That this Supreme Grand Council recognizes the Body, founded 
 A. D. 1830, of which the M.-.P.-.Ahtonio db Souza Peebeiea is Sovereign 
 Grand Commander, and 111. .Rafael Saco is Grand Secretary General, as 
 the only legal and constitutional Supreme Grand Council for the Republic of 
 Peru and its dependencies ; and denounces, as spurious and clandestine, the 
 Body formed or attempted to be formed by Aktonio Sanchez. Jose Jumo 
 Tgaete, Manuel Calisto, Jose Mahubl Bbavo, and their associates, under 
 the name of a Supreme Grand Council. And all subordinate Bodies under 
 this jurisdiction, and all masons owing allegiance to this Supreme Grand 
 Council are strictly forbidden to hold any masonic intercourse or communica- 
 tion irith the said Astonio Sanchez, Jose Julio Ugahte, Manuel Calisto, 
 Jo3« Manuel Beavo, or any of their associates as aforesaid, under the consti- 
 tutional penalties in such case provided. 
 
 Ordered, That the Grand Secretary General inform the Committee for the 
 Kevision of the Ritual, that the Supreme Grand Council desires the completion 
 of that work as soon as practicable. 
 
 Resolved, That the M. .P. .Sov. .Grand Commander be requested to call a 
 special meeting of the Supreme Grand Council at an early day. 
 
 NORTHERN SUPREME COUNCIL, U. S. A. 
 M. -.P.- Edwaed a. Raymond, Boston, (P. G. M.) Sov. -.Grand Commander 
 
 advUam. 
 P. -.Simon W. Robinson, Lexington, (P. G. M.) Lieut. -.Grand Commander. 
 HL-.P^tebLawsos, Lowell, (P. D. D. G. M.) Grand Treasurer Gen.-.H.-.E.-. 
 m. -.Lucius R. Paiqb, D. D., Cambridgeport, (P. D. G. M.) Grand Secretary 
 
 Gen.-.H.-.E.-. 
 
FEOM 1860 TO THE PRESENT TIME. 51 
 
 HI.'.Georqk M. Randall, D. D., Boston, (P. G. M.) Grand Minister of State. 
 
 111. -.Charles T. MoClbnaohan, New York, Grand Master of Ceremonies. 
 
 111. -.William Field, Providence, B. 1.., (P. G. M.) Grand Captain L.-.G.*. 
 
 111. -.William B. Hubbard, Columbus, Ohio, (P. G. M.) Sovereign Grand Inspec- 
 tor General, 32?. 
 
 lU.-.J. J. J. GouRGAS, New York, (P. S. G. C.) JSmeritus, Sovereign Grand 
 Inspector General, 33°. 
 
 111. -.Aaron P. Huohes, Nashua, N. H., (G. M.) Sovereign Grand Inspector 
 General, S'A', Deputy for New Hampshire. 
 111. -.Charles S. Westcott, New York, Sovereign Grand Inspector General, 
 
 830, Deputy for New York. 
 111. -.John A. Foster, New York, Sovereign Grand Inspector General, 33°, 
 
 Deputy for New Jersey. 
 111. -.E. T. Carson, Cincinnati, Ohio, Sovereign Grand Inspector General, 83°. 
 
 The Supreme Grand Council was again opened, and lU.-.Bro.-. Timotht 
 BiGELOw Lawrence was advanced to the thirty-third and last degree of the 
 Ancient and Accepted Bite, and proclaimed by the M. -.P. .Sovereign Grand 
 Commander as a Sovereign Grand Inspector General. 
 
 111. -.Bro. -.Timothy Bigelow Lawrence being about to repair to Florence, 
 Italy, to enter upon his duties as Consul General of the United States, was duly 
 appointed and commissioned as a general Representative of this Body in all 
 foreign Supreme Grand Councils which he may visit or with which he may 
 correspond. 
 
 Charges were presented by 111. .S. W. Eobinson, P. .Lieut. -.Grand Com- 
 mander, against 111. -.Charles E. Starkweather, of Chicago, Illinois, 111.- 
 John Christie, of Portsmouth, N. H., and 111. -.Albert Case, of Boston; and 
 it was 
 
 Ordered, That Thursday, the thirty-first day of July instant, be assigned as 
 the time, and the Winthrop House in Boston, as the place for the investigation 
 of said charges and judgment thereon, the trial to commence at ten o'clock 
 ii. m. ; and the Grand Secretary General was directed to summon the accused 
 parties to appear and make answer. 
 
 JnLT 31st, 1862, — The special subject assigned for action at this meeting was 
 taken up, and the following charges, summons and certificate thereon were 
 read by the Grand Secretary General : 
 
 To the Supreme Qrand Council of Sovereign Orand Inspectors General of the thirty third 
 and last degree of the Ancient and Accepted Rite for the Northern Jurisdiction of 
 the United States of America : 
 
 I hereby prefer charges against the following named Sovereign Grand 
 Inspectors General, to wit : 111.-, Charles B. Starkweather, of Chicago, 111., 
 111. .John Christie, of Portsmouth, N. H., and 111. Albert Case, of Boston, 
 Mass., and pray that said charges may be investigated and such action bo 
 had thereon as justice and our ancient regulations may require. 
 
52 ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED RITB, 
 
 CHARGES. 
 
 First. — That the said Charles E. Starkweather, John Christie and Albert 
 Case, in August, 1860, did conspire with Killian H. Van Kenssblaer and 
 Charles W. Moobe to organize a spurious and clandestine Body, styled a 
 Supreme Grand Council, which usurped the name and pretended to exercise 
 the powers of this Supreme Grand Council. 
 
 Second. — That the said Starkweather, Christie and Case, in May, 1861, 
 did conspire with said Tan Rensselaer emd Moorb to elect officers of said 
 spurious Council, and, in an illegal and clandestine mfinner, to confer the 
 thirty-third degree on Winslow Lewis, M illdvji S. Gardner, William Park- 
 MAX, and others, — eight persons in all, — as in their Proceedings is fully 
 set forth. 
 
 Third. — That the SEiid Starkweather, Christie and Case, in May, 1862, 
 did conspire with said V.o; Rensselaer, Moobe and others, (said Y.\n Rens- 
 selaer and Moors haying been previously expelled by this Supreme Grand 
 Council, and did elect the said Van Rensselaer and Moore, with others, as 
 officers of said spurious Council, and, in an illegal and clandestine manner, 
 did confer the thirty -third degree on Josiah H. Drciqioni), F. G. Tisdall, 
 Benjamin Dean, and others, — fourteen persons in ill, — as is fully set forth 
 in their printed Proceedings. 
 
 Fourth. — That the said Starkweather, Christie and Case, notwithstanding 
 the forbearance of this Supreme Grand Council, still persist in their disloy- 
 alty and rebellion, and still adhere to the said spurious Council and hold 
 office therein. 
 
 Boston, July 18, 1862. S. W. ROBINSON. 
 
 To 111. .Charles R. Starkweather, D1. -.John Christie, and IU.-.Eev. Albert 
 Case : 
 
 The foregoing charges having been duly presented against you, the Supreme 
 Grand Council has assigned Thursday, the thirty-first day of July instant, at 
 ten o'clock a. m. as the time, and the Winthrop House, in Boston, as the place, 
 for the investigation of said charges and adjudication thereon ; at which time 
 and place you are hereby summoned to appear, and to show cause, if any you 
 have, why judgment should not be pronounced against you. 
 
 DSrS 1CEU3IQUE JUS. 
 
 By order of the M.-.P.-,Sov.-.Grand Commander. 
 
 LUCirS R, PAIGE. SZ", 
 Cambridgeport, July 19. 1862. Gr .■.See.:6en.:H.:E.: 
 
 I certify that on the nineteenth day of July, 1862, I deposited in the Post 
 Office at Cambridgeport, Mass. , a copy of the foregoing charges and summons, 
 addressed to "Charles R. Starkweather, Esq.. Chicago, HI.," and that on 
 the twenty-first day of said July, I deposited in said Post Office two other 
 copies thereof, one addressed to "John Christie, Esq., Portsmouth, N. H.," 
 and the other to ' ' Rev. Albert Case, Boston, ;Mass. ' ' 
 
 Attest : LUCIUS R. PAIGE, 33°. 
 
 Gt .-.&(■ -.Gm.-Jf.-.E.: 
 m. '.Charles R. Starkweather was thrice called to appear and make answer 
 
FROM 1860 TO THE PECSENT TIME. 53 
 
 to said charges, but made default. Evidence was presented and duly consid- 
 ered. The question was then taken in the ancient form, and the said Charles 
 R. Stakkwkathkr was unanimously adjudged guilty of all the offences set forth 
 in said charges. 
 
 III. -.John Christub was thrice called to appear and make answer to said 
 charges, but made default. Evidence was presented and duly considered. The 
 question was then, taken in the ancient form, and the said John Christie was 
 unanimously adjudged guilty of all the offences set forth in said charges. 
 
 III. -.Albert Cask was thrice called to appear and make answer to said 
 charges, but made default. Evidence was presented and duly considered. The 
 question was then taken in the ancient form, and the said Albert C'ase was 
 unanimously adjudged guilty of all the oflences set forth in said charges. 
 
 The three following preambles and decrees were unanimously adopted in the 
 ancient form : 
 
 Whereas, 111. -.Charles K. Starkweather, of Chicago, III., has been adjudged 
 guilty of the several offences set fortli in the charges presented by P. Shion W. 
 EoEixsiix, it is therefore unanimously 
 
 Resolved and Decreed, That the said Charles R. Starkweather be, and he is 
 hereby expelled -from all the rights and privileges of the Ancient and Accepteff 
 Rite. 
 
 Whereas, HI. .John Christie, of Portsmouth, N. H., has been adjudged guilty 
 of the several offences set forth in the charges presented by 111.-, and P. -.Simon 
 W. Robinson, it is therefore unanimously 
 
 Resolved and Decreed, That the said John Christie be, and he is hereby expelled 
 from all the rights and privileges of the Ancient and Accepted Rite. 
 
 Whereas, 111. -.Albert Case, of Boston, Mass., has been adjudged guilty of the 
 several offences set forth in the charges presented by 111., and P. -.Simon W. 
 Robinson, it is thereby unanimously 
 
 Sesoli'ed and Decreed, That the said Albert Case be, and he is hereby expelled 
 from all the rights and privileges of the Ancient and Accepted Rite. 
 
 Decreed, That a circular, similar in form to that which is recorded on folios 
 47 and 48 of this volume ' [Muiatis Mutandis), under the seal of this Supreme 
 Grand Council, and attested by the signatures of its officers, be forwarded to all 
 sister Supreme Grand Councils in the two Hemispheres, and to all loyal Bodies 
 under this jurisdiction, announcing the expulsion of Chas. R. Starkweather, 
 John Christie and Albert Case. 
 
 Dec. 10th, 186:^. — The eminent degree of Sovereign Grand Inspector General, 
 thirty-third and last degiee of the Ancient and Accepted Rite, was granted by 
 unanimous vote, to HI. -John H. H. W.iRn, S.-.P.-.R..S.- , of Xew York. 
 
 Dec. 30th. 186'2. — The eminent degree of Sovereign Grand Inspector General, 
 thirty-third and last degree of the Ancient and Accepted Rite, was granted by 
 unanimous vote, to HI.-. John W. Simons, S.-.P.-.R.-.S.., of New York, HI. . 
 Eobkbt Macoy, S.-.P.-.R.-.S.-., of New York, lU. -.Nicholas Mickles, S. .P.- 
 
 * See anU pp. ) 
 
5 j. AXCIENT AND ACCEPTED RITE, 
 
 E.-.S. , of New York, HI. -.Albert H. Kelset, S.-.P.-.R.-.S.-., of Boston, and 
 IU.-.Geobge W. Bentlbt, S.-.P.-.E.-.S.-., of Worcester, Mfiss. ; and the M.-.P.-. 
 Sov. -.Grand Commander was requested to confer the said degree upon the 
 aforesaid 111. -.Brethren at his convenience ; and also at his convenience, to 
 confer the same degree upon 111. -.John H. H. Wakd, to whom it was granted 
 at the last meeting of this Supreme Grand CouncU. 
 
 The Supreme Grand Council was called off until four o'clook p. m. 
 
 On recommendation of the M.-.P.-.Sov. -.Grand Commander, IU.-.Aabon P. 
 Hughes, of Nashua, N. H. (P. G. M. of N. H.) heretofore Deputy Inspector 
 General for the State of New Hampshire, was, by unanimous vote, admitted as 
 an Active Member of this Supreme Grand Council. 
 
 The M.-.P. -.Sov. -.Grand Commander announced the appointment of 111.-. 
 Aaron P. Hughes, to the office of Grand Marshal of this Supreme Grand 
 Council. 
 
 Much time was devoted, during both sessions on this day, to a ccnsideration 
 and discussion of important qnestioDs concerning the interests and prosperity 
 of the Ancient and Accepted Kite ; and. without reaching a conclusion by a 
 definite vote, the further consideration of the question aforesaid was postponed 
 until the Supreme Grand Council shall again meet. 
 
 Jan. 28th, 1863. — Letters from 111. -.Bros. -.Charles T. McClenachan, John 
 W. Simons, Robert Macot and Nicholas Mickles were read by the Grand 
 Secretary General. 
 
 111. -.Geo. W. Bentlet, S.-.P.-.R.-.S.-., of Worcester, was advanced to the 
 eminent degree of Sovereign Grand Inspector General, thirty-third and last 
 degree of the Ancient and Accepted Eite, and was proclaimed and acknow- 
 ledged accordingly. 
 
 The committee, appointed by a decree passed on the second day of AprU, a. d. 
 1862, submitted sundry documents, and reported that friendly interviews have 
 been had with Eepresentatives of the Illustrious Body named in said decree ; 
 that there is a reasonable prospect of effecting a union of the two Bodies on just 
 and honorable terms; and that said 111. -.Body has referred the subject to a 
 committee, with full power : whereupon the following preamble and decree 
 were unanimously adopted : 
 
 Whereas, The Hlustrious Body, styled the Supreme Grand Council for the 
 United States, their Territories and Dependencies, has expressed a disposition 
 to unite with this Supreme Grand Council in one consolidated Body, and has 
 appointed a committee with full power for that purpose : 
 
 Decreed, That the committee heretofore appointed, namely, M.-.P. -.Edward 
 A. Raymond, Esq., 111. -.Lucius E. Paige, D. D., and HI. .Geo. M. Easdall, D.D., 
 be now fully empowered to agree upon the terms of such a. union, on a basis 
 which shall be just and right, honorable to both the Illustrious contracting 
 Bodies, and according to the spirit and landmarks of Ineffable Masonry. 
 
 Feb. 18th, 1863. — The committee appointed on the second day of April, a. d. 
 1862, and fully empowered on the twenty-eighth day of January, a. d. 1863, 
 
FROM 1860 TO THE PRESENT TIME. 55 
 
 reported that they had attended to the duty assigned to them, and negotiated 
 and signed and sealed a Treaty of Union, of which the following is a copy, 
 to wit : 
 
 Articles oi Consomdatiom, 
 
 Adopted and consummated by and between the Supreme Grand Council, 
 thirty-third and last degree for the Northern Jurisdiction of the United States, 
 Bitting at Boston, of the one part, and the Supreme Grand Council, thirty-third 
 and last degree Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite for the United States of 
 America, their Territories and Dependencies, sitting at New Yorli, of the 
 other part. 
 
 Wliereas, The said parties, in their individual and sovereign capacity, being 
 mutually desirous of advancing the interests of masonry within the jurisdic- 
 tion, and wishing to consolidate the auihorities therein under one governing 
 head, have clothed their Representatives with full and perfect power to that 
 end, who, in the name of said parties, have agreed, consented, provided and 
 ordained, and do by these presents agree, consent, provide and ordain, as 
 follows : 
 
 1. The said Supreme Councils are by virtue hereof consolidated, under 
 the name of the ' ' Supreme Grand Council, thirty-third and last degree of the 
 Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite for the United States of America, their 
 Territories and Dependencies," sitting at New York. 
 
 2. All Sovereign Grand Inspectors General heretofore created by either of 
 the parties hereto, shall be recognized upon taking the oath of fealty to the 
 Supreme Council for the United States of America. 
 
 3. All subordinate Bodies, hailing under either of the parties hereto, are to 
 be duly acknowledged and recognized, upon taking the oath of fealty to the 
 said Supreme Council for the United States of America, etc. ; and new war- 
 rants may be granted, or the existing ones properly endorsed, as the said 
 Bodies respectively may elect. 
 
 4. All properties, of whatever name, kind and description, belonging to the 
 parties hereto, or either of them, are hereby declared to be vested in the said 
 Supreme Council for the United States of America, etc., and will be delivered 
 accordingly to the Grand Secretary General thereof. 
 
 5. Until otherwise ordered, the Constitutions and General Regulations of 
 the second party hereto, are hereby adopted and declared in full force for the 
 government of the consolidated body herein provided for. 
 
 6th. The number of Active Members of said Council is hereby increased to 
 seventeen (creating eight new offices), and the officers of the said consolidated 
 Council, ad vitam, shall be as follows : 
 
 Sov.-. Grand Commander, . . . Edmund B. Hayes. 
 
 Sov.-. Assist.-. Grand Commander, . . . Edward A. Raymond. 
 
 \st lAeut. -.Grand Cmnmander, . . . S. W. Robinson. 
 
 2d Lieut.- .Grand Commander, . . . H. Thompson. 
 
 Grand Orator, ...... 
 
 Grand Minister of State, . . . . G. M. Randall. 
 
 Chand Chancellor, Lucius R. Paige. 
 
56 ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED KITE, 
 
 Grand Secretary General, 
 
 Grand Treasurer General, 
 
 Grand Marshal General, 
 
 Grand Sward Bearer, 
 
 1st Grand Master of Ceremonies, 
 
 2d Grand Master of Ceremonies, 
 
 Grand Expert Introductor, 
 
 Grand Standard Bearer. 
 
 \st Grand Captain of Guard, . 
 
 Daniel Sickeis. 
 
 bobekt e. eciberts. 
 
 Henry C. Banks. 
 
 Aakon p. Hughes. 
 
 H. J. Setmoub. 
 
 C. T. McClenachan. 
 . Peter Lawson. 
 
 John Innes. 
 . William Field. 
 2d Grand Captain of Guard, . . . William H. Jarvis. 
 
 7. The Emeritus position of Sovereign Assistant Grand Commander is 
 conferred on 111. -.Edward A. Raymond, in recognition of his long and dis- 
 tinguished services in the Bite. 
 
 In testimony of all which, Edward A. Raymond, George M. Randall and 
 Lucius E. P.\ige, on behalf of said first party, and Edmund B. Hayes, Daniel 
 SiOKELS and Henry C. Banks, on behalf of said second party, have hereunto 
 set their hands and seals interchangeably, for the uses and purposes herein- 
 before expressed. 
 
 Done at the city of Boston, this seventh day of February, a. d. 1863. 
 
 EDWARD A. RAYMOND, [l. s.] 
 GEORGE M. RANDALL, [l. s.] 
 LUCIUS R. PAIGE. [l. s.] 
 
 EDMUND B. HATES. [l. s.] 
 
 DANIEL SICKELS. [l. s.] 
 
 HENRY C. BANKS. [l. s.] 
 
 Orders were adopted for the settlement of sundry outstamiing accounts. 
 
 In consideration of the faithful and devoted masonic labors of M. -.P.-. 
 Edward A. Raymond, for nearly fifty years, and especially in consideration 
 of his services on behalf of the Supreme Grand Council, as its Sov. -.Grand 
 Commander, for the last twelve years. 
 
 Ordered, That 111. .Bros. ■.EoBixsoN, Paige and Lawson, be a committee 
 to procure a suitable testimonial of esteem and affection for our Venerable 
 and Illustrious Brother, who voluntarily retires from his high office on the 
 organization of the United Supreme Grand Council, agreeably to the Treaty 
 formed on the 7th day of February, A. D 1803. 
 
 After the transaction of sundry matters rendered necessary by the approach- 
 ing change in its organization, so that all its masonic duties may bo fully 
 performed, and after mutual congratulations upon the successful issue of 
 efforts to heal a division which has existed for the last half century, and to 
 unite the two Bodies into one Supreme Grand Council, upon just and honorable 
 terms, the business of the meeting having been accomplished, the M.-.P.-. 
 Sov. -.Grand Commander pronounced the Supreme Grand Council closed sine die. 
 
 DEDS MEUMQUE JUS. 
 
 Attest : LUCIUS R. PAIGE, 33", 
 
 Gr.-.Sec.\Gen.-.E.-E.: 
 
FROM 1860 TO THE PRESENT TIME. 57 
 
 In this Union of the Hayes and Eaymond bodies there is 
 presented a most marvellous spectacle. True it was a matter 
 of rejoicing among the Fraternity, as well it might be, on 
 the ground, that it is always better to be at peace, than at 
 war — that it is far better for Brethren to dwell together in 
 unity, than to cultivate a spirit of discord, which is always 
 productive of bitterness, and the exercise of the most de- 
 grading animosities. Therefore there was solid ground for 
 rejoicing on all sides. 
 
 But let us look a little further into the matter. On the 
 •one hand was the Hayes Council, assuming to be the suc- 
 cessor of Joseph Ceeneau, who established it in 1807, ignor- 
 ing the Secret Constitutions of Fkedeeick, said to have been 
 made by him in 1786, declaring itself to be governed by the 
 Constitutions of 1762. and the General Laws, Eules, and 
 Regulations of the Masonic Order — its OfHcers elective — its 
 ruling body strictly representative — the powers of its Officers 
 delegated, and limited, and all its actions governed by a 
 majority. As such it had friendly relations, and Represent- 
 atives in the Grand Orient of France — the Sup. Council of 
 France — the Supreme Council of Belgium — the Supreme 
 Council of Brazil, and the Sup. Council of New Grenada. 
 As long as it maintained its ground, in the face of the oppo- 
 sition which was raised against it, the position of the Cek- 
 neau-Hayes Council was good, and growing more popular 
 every year. 
 
 On the other hand, was the Raymond body, which was 
 established by Gourgas as a body, in 1848, had its Bast in 
 New York City for two or three years, and then removed to 
 Boston, Mass., about 1851. In this body Me. Raymond be- 
 came Sov. Gr. Commander, as successor of Giles Fonda 
 Yates, who resigned in his favor. Me. Raymond was a very 
 strong and decided believer in the doctrine of the Secret 
 Constitutions of Frederick, and during his Presidency en- 
 deavored to carry them out to the letter. All the members 
 that he received were, at first, entirely of the same opinion 
 as himself, and their secret, as well as their open denuncia- 
 tions of their opponents, were "neither few, nor small." The 
 
58 ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED EITE, 
 
 Laws, Doctrines and Usages of his body were diametrically 
 opposed to those of the Cebneau-Hayes Council. Me. Eat- 
 MOND declared himself to be the Sov. Gr. Commander for 
 Life — that the Office was not elective — that all the Officers 
 of his Council could only be appointed by him — that he had 
 the power or prerogative of opening or closing the Council 
 at his pleasure — of making Sov. Gr. Inspectors General 
 without any ones consent, and a variety of things equally 
 opposed to the Hates doctrines. Nevertheless, these two 
 bodies united — or amalgamated — or came together. After 
 all that had passed between them, was it not a marvellous 
 sight? 
 
 Let us inquire for a moment. What induced these dis- 
 cordant bodies to come together ? 
 
 We are informed, both from the printed proceedings, and 
 by the committee appointed on the occasion, that the appH- 
 cation for the Union came first from the Eaxmond bodj'. If 
 this be true, it is probable that the Raymond body found 
 itself damaged, as it regards regularity, both the Van Rens- 
 selaer and the Raymond bodies having made strong efforts 
 for recognition by the Southern Masonic Jurisdiction, and 
 were denied on account of " irregularity-. " Further, the 
 Raymond body did not prosper after the break with the 
 •original Council. Their work was not attended with success. 
 The constant warfare which was kept up between the GoUB- 
 GAS and the Raymond bodies, seriously injured both in the 
 eyes of all Masons — the failure in obtaining the recognition, 
 of which they had calculated so largely upon, discouraged 
 them, and under the circumstances they probably enter- 
 tained the idea, that by coming together the warfare would 
 cease — matters would be healed, and recognition would be 
 certain. The Cerneau-Hayes body, not content with the 
 peaceable and high position which they occupied, was pro- 
 bably induced by the same motives, to come into the ar- 
 rangement. They undoubtedly calculated that universal 
 recognition would be a natural consequence. So they came 
 together. 
 
 And what did the bodies gain by this Union ? Let us see. 
 
FROM 1860 TO THE PRESENT TIME. 59 
 
 When the two bodies came together the Sov. Gr. Com- 
 mander of both bodies resigned, together with all the re- 
 spective Officers of each body, thus dissolving both the 
 Hayes-Oebneau and the Eaymond Council, each Sov. Gr. 
 Insp. General retaining his status as such. They at once 
 formed an entire new Council, under the title of The Su- 
 preme Grand Council for the United States of America, her 
 Territories and dependencies, and by previous agreement, 
 Edmund B. Hayes was elected Sov. Gr. Commander, and 
 Edwd. a. Eaymond Lieut. Gr. Commander, and making an 
 equal division of the Officers between the members of each 
 body. They adopted the Secret Constitution of Frederick 
 as the fundamental Law, except that the Offices were made 
 'elective. In all other particulars it was a GoUEGAS Council. 
 They altered the date of the origin of the Council to 1813, 
 and have adopted it, leaving the Cerneau Council, and its 
 members, all in the background. They have placed Eman- 
 uel De La Motte on the Throne, and bowed obedience. 
 When it is remembered, the particulars of the pretended 
 formation of that Council in 1813, viz : the circumstances 
 which led to it — the proceedings of the same in the "Expul- 
 sion from every Masonic Asylum in the world" of Joseph 
 CeenJiau, Hon. De Witt Clinton, Governor of the State of 
 New Tork, and Gr. Master of the Grand Lodge of the State 
 of New York ; Hon. John W. Mulligan, U. S. Minister, &c.; 
 Hon. Cadwallader D. Colden, Mayor of the City of New 
 York ; all of whom were Officers of the Grand Lodge, and 
 a number of other Gentlemen, equally noted, and all this 
 performed by such a mountebank as Emanuel De La Motte, 
 one would think that the shame on the part of the Cerneau 
 members would be such, that they would wish to be known 
 no more. 
 
 Having accomplished, in his own mind, the work which he 
 came to perform, and published his Edicts in the Daily 
 papers, besides scattering his Circulars freely through the 
 different Masonic bodies, he fled precipitately to Philadel- 
 phia to get out of the way, as the indignation heaped upon 
 him led him to fear for his safety here. 
 
go ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED EITE, 
 
 As tlie Civil War had not come to an end, at the time of 
 the Union of the two bodies, very little could be done in 
 the way of seeking Recognition from the Southern Supreme 
 Council. That subject wiU be noticed in its proper place. 
 
 Previous to the Union of the Eaymond and the Hayes 
 Councils, both Councils were dissolved by their respective 
 Sov. Grr. Commanders, and the offices of the same declared 
 to be vacant. Thus both Councils came to a close, releas- 
 ing each member from his oath of fealty and allegiance to 
 the respective Councils, acknowledging thek status as Sov. 
 Gr. Insp. Grenl. of 33d degree, and leaving them to act in 
 the premises, as might suit their own convictions of dutj. 
 Each Sov. Gr. Insp. Gen. retained his identity as such, his 
 powers were not vitiated, although the body with which he 
 was connected, had disappeared, and he was at liberty to 
 withdraw from the Assembly, or unite with the proposed 
 new body as a Union Council. It is not probable that any 
 of the Sov. Gr. Insp. Gen. had such a movement in view — 
 they did not withdraw (except III. Benjamin C. Leveridge, 
 who resigned from the Cerneau Council just prior to the 
 Union) and form a new Council — in fact, they all, with this 
 exception, united with the new Union Council, and signed 
 the oath of fealty to the Sov. Gr. Commander ; neverthe- 
 less, they could have retired, as their Councils were dis- 
 solved, and formed another Council if they had chosen so to 
 do. The powers ^ith which a Sov. Gr. Insp. Genl. 33d is 
 vested, cannot be taken from him, either by Edict or Procla- 
 mation, or in any other manner. The individual Inspector, 
 or the body so formed, may not be acknowledged, or recog- 
 nized, nevertheless the prerogatives of the individual In- 
 spector cannot be taken from him, nor can the body so 
 formed be destroyed, except by the consent of aU interested 
 in the same. It was, however, deemed a great cause of con- 
 gratulation, that all, with the exception of the above men- 
 tioned, decided in favor of the Union — united together — 
 signed the oath of fealty, and thus placed an entering wedge 
 to a general union of all the brethren of the Eite. 
 
 The grand object of the Brethren in bringing about this 
 
FROM 1860 TO THE PRESENT TIME, Ql 
 
 Union was thus apparently accomplished. The Eaymond 
 and the Van Rensselaer Councils had previously made earn- 
 est efforts for Eecognition by the Supreme Council for the 
 Southern Masonic Jurisdiction — many letters had been writ- 
 ten to 111. Bro. Pike upon the subject, by members of both 
 Councils — the printed proceedings had been issued on both 
 sides, and III. Beg. Pike became well informed upon the 
 subject. In his address as Sov. Gr. Commander, before the 
 Sup. Council over which he presided, in 1861, he stated the 
 case to the Council as fully as the circumstances would per- 
 mit, at the same time informing them that they would, in all 
 probbaility, be called upon to decide which of the two Coun- 
 cils they would recognize — that in order to assist them in 
 forming a correct opinion, he had made a laborious investi- 
 gation of the whole matter, and therewith laid it before the 
 body — that his conclusion was, that although III. Bro. Bay- 
 MOND was truly the M. P. Sov. Gr. Commander by succes- 
 sion, yet both bodies were irregular according to the Secret 
 Constitution of 1786, not having a quorum according to that 
 instrument, and therefore all their proceedings were null 
 and void ; that in their existing condition, neither of the 
 bodies could be acknowledged by the Sup. Council of the 
 Southern Jurisdiction. The members of the Sup. Council 
 appeared to have come to the same conclusion, and their 
 decision was made known. Being disappointed in this 
 movement, they resorted to the step which has been nar- 
 rated, viz. : Union with the Cerneau-Haybs Council, which 
 was already recognized by several Supreme Councils, as has 
 already been mentioned, hoping that this would add to their 
 claim for recognition from the Southern Masonic Jurisdic- 
 tion. 
 
 The Union being completed, and the Council organized, 
 they prepared to go forward in this undertaking. But as 
 the Civil War had broken out, and the whole country was in 
 arms, it was decided that it then — 1863 — would be useless to 
 proceed in the matter. They could not reach the Southern 
 portion of the country, and the members of the Council 
 were dispersed, or scattered, no regular meeting of the 
 
62 
 
 ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED KITE, 
 
 Council could be held, and the matter was left to the close 
 of the War, viz.: 1864. As soon as circumstances would 
 permit, the Committee visited the different members of the 
 Council, and laid the matter before them. They failed in 
 obtaining favor until III. Bro. Pike had been seen, and his 
 opinion given. 
 
 In the meantime III. Beg. Pike had informed himself 
 more fully concerning the merits of the case, and at the 
 meeting of the Sup. Council in 1865 and 1866 delivered his 
 Annual address, in which the whole difficulty was fully ex- 
 plained. 
 
 That portion of the address, relating to the disturbance of 
 the Sup. Council for the Northern Jurisdiction of the United 
 States, was referred to a Special Committee, who carefully, 
 patiently, and earnestly considered the subject, which re- 
 sulted in the following conclusions : 
 
 "First — Resolved, That ia the opinion of thia Sup. Council, the action of the 
 Sov. Gr. Insps. Genl. 33°, members of the Sup. Council of the Northern Ju- 
 risdiction of tlie United States, who, on the 25th of August, 1860, opened 
 the Sup. Council of that Jurisdiction after the departure of the Sov. Gr. 
 Comm., was illegal, null, and void, because the Inspectors, being but four in 
 nnmber, viz : 111, Bros. Mooke, Case, Staekweather and Young, did not con- 
 stitute a quorum for the transaction of any business, and more especially for 
 the expulsion afterwards of III. Bros. Eatmond and Eoeinson." 
 
 " Second — Resolved, That the action of the Inspectors, "who organized a new 
 Council at Boston on the 21st of May, 1861, was also Illegal, Null, and Void. 
 1st. Because the said Inspectors, being only Two in number, viz : III. Bro. 
 Eatmond, Sov. Gr. Comm., and Eobinson, Lieut. Gr. Comm., did not consti- 
 tute a quorum for the transaction of business. 2d. Because there were Eight 
 active members of the Sup. Council for the Northern Jurisdiction, and 111. 
 Bros. Eatmond and Eobinson, proceeding upon the erroneous idea, that there 
 were but Five, added to themselves, as active members. Four other Brethren, a 
 single vacancy only then existing, before displacing for contumacy, or any 
 other cause, any of the Active members who were not present, and therefore, 
 it being by the body thus irregularly created that said members, viz : Bros. 
 Moore, Case, and Starkweather, were expelled, the expulsion, for that rea- 
 son, was altogether ineffectual." 
 
 ' ' Third — Resolved, That entertaining these views of the Constitutional ques- 
 tion involved in this controversy, this Sup. Council can only recognize the 
 following Brethren as legal Sov. Gr. Insp. Genl., Active members of the Sup. 
 Council of the Northern Jurisdiction of the United States, viz : 111. Bros. 
 Eobinson, Moore, Case, Yocng, and Starkweather, of whom III. Bro. Eob- 
 
FROM 1860 TO THE PRESENT TIME. 63 
 
 issos is the legal successor of Bro. Ratmosb as Sot. Gr. Commander, he 
 having been appointed by the latter, Lieut. Gr. Comtn., and succeeding at 
 his deith to the vacant Commandership, which he is entitled to retain until 
 lawfully removed by the Sup. GouncU.'' 
 
 "Fourth — SesoUtd, That any action taken, or principle affirmed, by these 
 Mve Sot. Gr. Insps.Genl., iu accordance with the Constitutions of 1786. and 
 the Regulavions of their own body, for the purpose of re-assembling the Sup. 
 Council of the Northern Jurisdiction, will be hailed with pleasure by thig 
 Supreme Council, and will meet with its hearty concurrence and co-opera- 
 tion." 
 
 The said Eeport and Eesolutions were taken up, and 
 UnanimouslT adopted. 
 
 The Civil War came to a close in 1864. All obstacles to a 
 free intercourse with the Southern States were removed out 
 ■of the way, and the Committee, appointed for the purpose, 
 started from Xew York, to visit the different members of the 
 Sup. Council of the Southern Jmisdiction, for the piu-pose 
 of ascertaining their views, relative to the recognition of the 
 now United Sup. Council. They visited them in the different 
 States, were very graciously received, but aU seemed reluc- 
 tant to give a decision until III. Bro. Pike had been con- 
 sulted. The visit of the Committee is stated to have occu- 
 pied the better part of two months, and yet. at the end of 
 that time, nothing was accomplished. It was determined to 
 visit Tt.t,. Bro. Pike, in order to get a final decision. The 
 interview was a pleasant one, although, as it appears, the 
 whole matter had been presented to the Sup. Grand Council 
 by Tt.t . Bro. Pike, in his annual address, and fully discussed. 
 It was referred to a Committee who investigated the matter 
 very fuUy, and gave their decision adverse to any acknow- 
 ledgement. The HI. Gr. Commander stated that he could 
 only act in conformity to theii" wishes, and therefore could 
 not recognize the Sup. Council of the Northern Jurisdiction 
 as at present constituted. It was not deemed regular before 
 the Union, and now, that the Union had taken place, it was 
 far more objectionable than before, as the Cer>"eau CotmcU, 
 with which it had united, was Spurious, Illegal, Illegitimate, 
 and as such, never could be recognized. 
 
 Finding that there was no hope of obtaining the desired 
 
g4 ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED EITE, 
 
 object, the whole character of the interview was changed 
 from kind words to pointed remarks, and it was intimated 
 by the Committee, that it was in their power, to overspread 
 the whole United States with their subordinate bodies — that 
 they had the men, the money, and the power on their side^ 
 and were prepared, if not recognized, to do so. This course 
 of procedure brought the whole matter to a pause. After 
 mature deliberation. III. Beg. Pike proposed that the exist- 
 ing Northern Sup. Council should be dissolved, and that 
 they should get a Raymond man for Gr. Commander, who 
 should form a new and regular Council. If they should act 
 in accordance with this proposition, the Northern Sup. 
 Council would be immediately acknowledged. Here the 
 interview closed. The Committee left to return to New 
 York, and report proceedings. 
 
 The result of this proposition, which was immediately acted 
 upon by the Sup. Gr. Council of the Northern Jurisdiction, 
 was that said Council was at once dissolved by unanimous 
 consent, and the Sov. Gr. Comm., Simon W. Eobinson, as 
 successor to the late Edward A. Raymond, formed a new 
 Council, and subsequently, at a meeting of this new Sup. Gr. 
 Council, at Nassau Hall, Boston, Dec. 13th, 1866, announced,, 
 that consequent upon the death of 111. Edward A. Raymond, 
 late Sov. Gr. Commander, he had succeeded to the Sov. Gr. 
 Commandership of the Sup. Gr. Council of Sov. Gr. Ins. 
 Gen. of the 33d and last degree of the Anc. and Ace. Scottish 
 Rite of Free Masonry, for the Northern Jurisdiction of the 
 United States of America, and in the exercise of the Rights, 
 Privileges, and Functions of said office. He had notified 
 and summoned the following 111. Brethren, viz. : Charles W. 
 Moore, Albert Case, Charles B. Starkweather, and A. B. 
 Young, to appear before him in Council Chamber, and they 
 having failed or neglected to obey the summons, or to take 
 notice thereof, he declared and proclaimed their seats vacant, 
 and that he should proceed to fill up the vacancies in the 
 Supreme Council, pursuant to the Constitutions of 1786. 
 He then proceeded to form an entire new Council, it being 
 the old Gourgas Council, renewed La the person of Simon W. 
 
FROM 1860 TO THE PRESENT TIME. 05 
 
 Eobinson and Peter Lawson. The offices were all filled ia 
 due form, and the Sov. Gr. Com. caused it to be proclaimed 
 that the Sup. Gr. Council, 33d and last degree, for the North- 
 ern Jurisdiction of the United States of America, was fully 
 organized, and the officers were installed in due form. After 
 which he delivered an Address, in which he states the object 
 in view in dissolving the Union Council, as follows : 
 
 "Exceptions were taken to this Union, especially by the Southern Council, 
 who, after a long and deliberate consideration of the subject, were of the 
 opinion that it was irregular, and therefore decided not to recognize the Coun- 
 cil," "To place ourselves within the pale of legitimacy, and to secure Frater- 
 nal relations with the Southern Council, and all other regular Councils, induced 
 the Brethren to dissolve the ' Union Council,' which has been done by the 
 unanimous consent of every member." 
 
 "The Union Council being dissolved, its members are consequently absolved 
 from the Oath of Fealty, and may lawfully resuscitate the Raymond Council, 
 and exercise all the Rights, Privileges,' and Functions, to which it was entitled, 
 previous to its Union with the Hayes Council. 
 
 " It is now believed that every obstacle to a full and complete recognition 
 by all regular Councils, is removed, and we may reasonably hope that this Sup, 
 Council will continue to hold a high place in the scale of usefulness among the 
 honored institutions of the land." 
 
 This is the second time that the Councils were dissolved, 
 viz. : first at the Union of the Raymond and Hayes bodies — 
 1868 — and last, in December, 1865, when a new Council was 
 formed by Simon W. Kobinson, with the open declaration, 
 that it was the " Baymond Council resuscitated, and the 
 Cemeau body was left to itself. (See Address in 1866 — • 
 Proceedings.) 
 
 We would here notice a few statements, which have fre- 
 quently been made, and published in addresses, as well as 
 other Masonic documents, by III. Beg. Pike, not with a 
 desire of creating any bad feeling, but simply to make a 
 correction. 
 
 He states "that the Sup. Gr. Council of the Southern 
 Masonic Jurisdiction is the Mother of all the Councils in 
 the world — that they are its offspring," etc. 
 
 We shall not attempt a reply to this assertion, further than 
 to say that the Cerneau Council, which had an existence 
 from 1807 to 1827, was succeeded by the Amalgamated 
 
QQ ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED KITE, 
 
 Council of the "Western Hemispliere in 1832, afterwards 
 known as the Hayes-Atwood Council, up to the year 1863, 
 was not begotten, or brought forth by that body, mediately, or 
 directly — in fact, never acknowledged, or had, or sought, 
 any connection with it. 
 
 The doctriue of III. Bko. Cekneau was, that, unless a 
 body became properly organized, held its regular meetings, 
 was in the constant exercise of its functions, and shewed by 
 its acts that it was entitled to respect, it could not be con- 
 sidered, or called, a body. Without these qualifications it 
 was only a " name" without any substance. 
 
 His body, from its first establishment, progressed, in- 
 creased in numbers, respectability, and influence, was enti- 
 tled to the name it bore, was acknowledged by the Gr. 
 Orient of France in 1810, again in 1816, and continued on up 
 to 1827 in friendly relations with that body. In 1832 it was 
 acknowledged by the Sup. Gr. Council of France, Sup. Gr. 
 Council of Belgium, Sup. Gr. Council of Brazil, and Sup. 
 Gr. Council of New Grenada, and had exchanged Kepre- 
 sentatives with them all. The Maequis de Lapayette and 
 the Count St. Laukent were its Representatives in France, 
 and each of the other Councils were well represented. In 
 1862 it was again acknowledged by the Gr. Orient of France. 
 See Doc. 24, page 64 ; Doc. No. 18, page 65 ; Doc. 28, page 
 228 ; Doc. 37, page 370 ; Doc. 47, page 414. 
 
 The Sup. Council of Brazil was established by Cebneau, 
 and continued for a long number of years in friendly accord 
 with the Cerneau body. See Doc. 25, page 208 ; Doc. 28, 
 page 292. 
 
 The Supreme Council of New Grenada was not estab- 
 lished by the Sup. Council of the Southern Jurisdiction, but 
 by the Gr. Orient of France. Acknowledged the Ceeneau 
 body, and exchanged Eepresentatives. See Doc. 37. page 
 370. 
 
 AU these bodies have had complete Eecords kept. The 
 Eecords of the Cerneau body up to 1824, the Eecords of the 
 Amalgamated Council from 1831 to 1836, and the Eecords of 
 
FROM 1860 TO THE PRESENT TIME. 67 
 
 the Atwood-Hayes Council (the successors to Ceriieau),up to 
 1863. 
 
 III. Bro. Pike, with a manliness and independence, char- 
 acteristic of the man, acknowledges 
 
 "That the Record of the transactions of the Sup. Council for the Southern 
 Jurisdiction of the United States commenced with the Session of 1857. There 
 is no Record, there are to be found no minutes, no notes of any previous 
 meetings. If, from its origin in 1801, to 1857, there ever was any Record, or 
 Entry, or Memorandum, formally made, of any regular meeting of the body, 
 it was destroyed, with the papers of the Secretary Gen. during the War. 
 There is nothing to be found in the shape of Records, or Minutes, to shew tliat 
 ever any person was elected to membership in the Sup. Council, prior to 1857. 
 Deputies were appointed by Letters Patent, and acted, but there is no Record 
 of their appointment. Bodies were created, and existed, but there is no 
 record of any thing done in regard to them. Also, with the exception of 
 letters from Bro. Gourqas, and the correspondence and documents, in rela- 
 tion to the Concordat made with the Sup. Council of Louisiana, there are but 
 few old documents and papers." 
 
 Thus it appears, that while these denunciations, so fre- 
 quently heaped upon the Oerneau body, were progressing, 
 the body issuing them had not an existence, only in name, 
 confirming all that has at any time been said about it. There 
 was no body, no Kecords, no organization, nor was that 
 Council ever acknowledged by any Sup. Gr. Council in the 
 world xintil 1828, at which time such acknowledgment was 
 applied for, and effected, with the Gr. Orient of France by 
 a mean trick, practiced by J. J. J. Gouegas of New York, 
 as has been already related in this History. 
 
 The Sov. Gr. Consistory (Cerneau) through its Committee, 
 in reporting upon De La Motte's document state : 
 
 "Immediately on its installation, the Grand Consistory gave notice to the 
 Supreme Masonic bodies in Europe and the West Indies, to whom it, at the 
 same time communicated, copies of the Patents under which it was formed. 
 These were followed by the most ample recognition on the part of the Sup 
 Gr. Council of France, an act, sufficient in Itself, to outweigh the cavils of 
 all Imposters." 
 
 "Having heard that a Council existed at Charleston, So. Ca,, which yet 
 might be in activity, a Circular, with copies of the Patent, or Warrant, and a 
 list of the members, was also transmitted thither, and delivered to the per- 
 son, whose name appears as Gr. Commander, to the act approving De La 
 Motte's denunciations. No answer being received, another was despatched, 
 but with no better success. Tour Committee will here just remark, that if 
 
Qg ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED EITE, 
 
 the Council at Charleston was a regular body, and deemed us usurpers, it was 
 their duty to take Instant and effectual means to arrest our progress. If we 
 were regular, Masonic courtesy, as well as their obligations, required them 
 to acknowledge us without delay. They have done neither. This profound 
 silence, and neglect, was, of itself, sufficient to satisfy the Gr. Consistory that 
 the body at Charleston, if it ever had a lawful existence, was extinct." 
 
 "He also proclaims at this late day, as well as at the commencement, that 
 Cekneau never had the 33d degree, and as a matter of course, not being pos- 
 sessed of it, he could not confer it upon others. The following Extract is 
 given from his address (page 305, Transactions, &c.)." 
 
 "In October, 1807, one Joseph Cekneau came from the West Indies to New 
 York. He was in possession of the Twenty-Five degrees of the Eite of -Per- 
 fection, or Heredom — the same which Germain Hacquet carried back to France 
 in 1804 — where, in consequence of the Eevolution, that Eite had been disused, 
 and become obsolete and forgotten. Cerneau had not the 33d degree, nor the 
 others added to the Eite of Perfection, to constitute with it the Ancient and 
 Accepted Eite. Nor had he the true Kadosh, which, as is well known, on 
 account of prejudice, had ceased to be worked. He pretended to have no 
 more than the Eite of Perfection in Twenty-Five degrees. This is as perfectly 
 well known as any thing on earth could be. Possessed of this Eite of Here- 
 dom, which had ceased to be worked in the United States, he organized in Oc- 
 tober, 1837, at New York, a Sovereign Grand Consistory of Supreme Chiefs of 
 Exalted Masonry, of the Ancient Scottish Eite of Heredom, for the United 
 States of America, their Territories and Dependencies." 
 
 In reply to this, we would only state tlie well known fact, 
 that Joseph Cerneau did have the 33d degree ; that he 
 conferred the same on many brethren ; that as soon as a 
 sufficient number was elevated to that degree he formed a 
 Sup. Gr. CouncU of the 33d and last degree, which Supreme 
 Council was advertised in their first Annuary. Again, ia 
 1812-13-14^15 and 16, the last named Annuary being fuller 
 than the former ones. They continued the Annuary up to 
 1827, when the Council and Consistory adjourned sine die. 
 
 All those Brethren who have received that degree from his 
 hands, directly, or through his successors, have always been 
 acknowledged and recognized, as 33d, by the Sup. Coun- 
 cils of France, Belgium, Brazil, New Grenada, England, 
 Scotland, Ireland, and South America. The list is a long one, 
 and it is not necessary to mention names. Those who have 
 been elevated to the 33d degree, in the Cerneau Sup. Coun- 
 cU, up to 1863, have always been satisfied that they were 
 correct, and, after the union of the Hayes and Baymond 
 
FROM 1860 TO THE PRESENT TIME. 69 
 
 Councils, found no difference in the degree which they had 
 received and the degree conferred by the SoY. Ge. Com- 
 mander Raymond. 
 
 Bat the question may properly be asked here, " What 
 does the III. Bro. Pike mean by the 33d degree?" No 
 other answer can be given, that we are aware of than this, 
 although on our part, a mere supposition, viz. : The Secret 
 Constitutions are the basis, in his judgement, of the 33d 
 degree, and all who receive that degree, solemnly obligate 
 themselves to receive, support, and abide by that instrument. 
 He that does not do this, has not received the 33d degree, 
 but is " Spurious," " Clandestine," " Illegal," a " Fraud," etc. 
 
 Joseph Cerneau, and his body, denied the authenticity of 
 the Secret Constitutions of 1786, in consequence of which, 
 that portion of the obligation " was stricken out. Hence, 
 the quarrels and difficulties which have occurred up to the 
 present time. 
 
 III. Beg. Eaymond, in his first address, after the forma- 
 tion of his Council, remarks : 
 
 Extract, see page 00. 
 
 This is the doctrine which is believed in, and supported, 
 by all the Councils which have adopted the Secret Consti- 
 tutions of 1786 (without amendments), but it is not now, nor 
 has it ever been, the doctrine of the Cerneau body, or the 
 Cerneau members. They have always viewed such doctrines 
 as hurtful in their tendency — not adapted to the form of 
 Government and Constitution under which we live, and 
 should be abrogated altogether. 
 
 III. Bro. Pike states much concerning Henry C. Atwood 
 which needs not notice here, but he makes mention of the 
 Author of this History, " as having received the degrees 
 from Abram Jacobs in 1825 — and that Dr. Folger will not 
 deny it." 
 
 The above is perfectly correct. He has never denied it, 
 but, on the contrary, has spoken of it, freely and publicly, in 
 and out of, Lodges, Chapters, Encampments, and the Sup. 
 Council, of which he is, at present, a member, and has 
 
70 ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED EITE, 
 
 been since 1851. A detailed account of the whole transac- 
 tion, with all the names connected with it, has been pub- 
 lished some years since, in his ". Eecollections of Masonry," 
 from the year 1824 to the year 1860, which will shortly be 
 pubUshed in a book form. The Author has never denied it 
 to any person in the world, when questioned about the 
 matter. 
 
 We shall now continue the history of the United Council 
 up to the time of its dissolution, and the erection upon its 
 ruins of the resuscitated Eaymond Council, and the history 
 of this latter Council down to its Union with the Van Eens- 
 SELAEK Council in 1867. 
 
 New Toek, Thursday, April 16, 1863. 
 The Supreme Grand Council met this day, at two o'clock 
 p. M.. and was opened in the usual form by the M.'.P.'.Sov.". 
 Grand Commander, Edmund B. Hayes, assisted by 
 
 111.. Simon W. Robinson, Is* Lieut.-. Gt.-. Commander. 
 George M. Randall, Grand Minister of State. 
 Daniel Sickles, Grand Secretary General H.-.E.-. 
 Henkt C. Banks, Grand Marshal General H. -.E. •. 
 Ajisaii P. HcGHES, Grand Sword Bearer. 
 John Innes, Grand Standard Bearer. 
 Peter Lawson, Grand Expert Irdrodudar. 
 
 The Cornmittee on Alterations and Amendments to the ConstitutionB then 
 made the following report : 
 
 That Title I, Article 1, be so amended as to read, after the word 111.-., 
 Grand Captain of the Guard and twenty-four Active Members, who shall, &c. 
 
 Which was unanimously adopted. 
 
 Title I. Article 17, be so amended that the fee for the thirty-third degree 
 shall be iifty dollars. 
 
 Unanimously adopted. 
 
 And also recommended the following resolutions : 
 
 Resolved, That all funds now in the hands of this Body, or to come thereto, 
 exceeding the sum of fifty dollars, be placed in the hands of a Board of three 
 Trustees, to be appointed by the M.-.P.-.Sov.-.Grand Commander, by them 
 to be deposited in their names as such Trustees, in such savings bank as they 
 may elect, to be drawn therefrom by a vote of this Body only. 
 
 Resolved, That the 111. -.Grand Secretary General shall receive from time to 
 time such sums as the Supreme Council shall vote him for his services as 
 Grand Secretary General H.-.E.-. 
 
FROM 1860 TO THE PRESENT TIME. 7 J 
 
 Resolved, That the sum of two hundred dollars be appropriated to purchase 
 rituals of the A. -.and A. -.Rite, now being prepared by Maooy & Sickbls, under 
 the supervision of 111. -.Bros. •.Hayes and MoClenaohan. 
 
 All of which were unanimously adopted. 
 
 The appointment of Deputy Grand Inspector General for the State of Massa- 
 chusetts, was referred to the M.-.P.-.Sov.-.Grand Commander, with power. 
 
 The Grand Secretary was directed and authorized to receive the effects of the 
 late Supreane Council for the Northern Jurisdiction of the United States, as 
 per Articles of Consolidation. 
 
 The M.-.Sov. -.Grand Commander was clothed with discretionary powers to 
 confer the degrees of the A. -.and A. '.Eite during the recess of the Supreme 
 Council. 
 
 The M. '.P.-Sov. -.Grand Commander then appointed 111. -.Bros. -.H. C. Banks, 
 John Innes and C. T. MoClenaohan, Trustees for this Supreme Council. 
 
 June 6th, 1863.— The M.-.P.-.Sov.-.Grand Commander stated to the 111.-. 
 Brethren that he had convened them for the purpose of .assisting him to con- 
 fer the thirty-third and last degree of the Ancient and Accepted Rite upoa 
 111. -.Prince Zbnas C. Pkiest, and accordingly directed Ill,-.Bro.-.H. C. Banks, 
 Acting Master of Ceremonies, to introduce 111. -.Prince Priest. 
 
 The Ill.-.Grand Master of Ceremonies then presented the Hi. -.Prince, who 
 received the thirty-third and last degree of the A.-. and A. -Rite in due form. 
 
 After which addresses were delivered by 111. -.Bros. -.Simons, Lewis, Paige 
 and Banks. 
 
 September 2d, 1863.— The M.-.P.-.Sov.-.Grand Commander then read and 
 submitted his annual address and report, as follows : 
 
 Ill.-.Brethren and Sublime Princes : 
 
 Our grateful acknowledgements are due to Him who dwelleth between the 
 Cherubim, for the manifold blessings and comforts which in His infinite 
 beneficence He has been pleased to bestow upon us during the last past year, 
 and for permission to again assemble in our sacred asylum on the occasion of 
 our annual Conclaver. 
 
 As the Grand Commander of the Supreme Grand Council, it becomes my 
 duty to render to you an account of my stewardship, and whatever else has 
 transpired in our beloved Ancient and Accepted Rite for the last year, and to 
 recommend such measures as the interests of our Rite may require. 
 
 My first official act during the recess of the Supreme Grand Council, was 
 the appointment, on the tenth day of November last, of our 111. -.Bro.-. Clin- 
 ton F. Paige, of Binghamton, the Deputy Grand Master of the Grand Lodge, 
 as our District Deputy InRpector General for this State, and a few days after 
 I received a communication from him, enclosing applications for charters for 
 a Lodge of Perfection, Council of Princes of Jerusalem, Chapter of Rose 
 Croix, and a Consistory of Princes of the Royal Secret, all under the dis- 
 tinctive title of Central City, to be located at Syracuse, N. Y. 
 
72 ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED KITE, 
 
 The necessary information was immediately forwarded to 111. .Bro. .Paige, 
 and the result of his labors wUl be made known to you in his official report. 
 
 About the middle of last year, the Supreme Grand Council having voted 
 the thirty-third degree to Sublime Princes Richakd M. Babkee, William 
 Ellison, William F. Kmowles, Nicholas Hathawat, John F. Cueeier, 
 EicHAED F. SporFOBD, Je., and Daniel W. Laweesce, all members of the 
 Grand Consistory of the State of Massachusetts, on the twentieth day of 
 November last, accompanied by.our 111. •.Bro.-.HESET J. Setmoue, I proceeded 
 to the city of Boston, and on the following day elevated the above-named 
 Brethren to that sublime and superior degree. 
 
 In December last, at a special session of the Supreme Grand Council, a, 
 committee, consisting of the 111. '.Grand Secretary General and Grand Com- 
 mander, Mere appointed on the condition of the Ancient and Accepted Eite in 
 the United States. 
 
 Your Committee, after careful investigation of the arduous duties assigned 
 them, and learning with pleasure that the Supreme Grand Council for the 
 Northern District and Jurisdiction of the United States, over which Ul.-.Bro.-. 
 Edwahd a. Raymond presided, whose Grand East was at Boston, was desirous, 
 as was our Supreme Grand Council, that the difficulties so long existing in 
 oiu- Ancient and Accepted Eite should be healed, and union and harmony 
 reign supreme in our beloved Order, your committee proceeded to the city of 
 Boston, and from an interview had with a number of the members of said 
 Supreme Grand Council, became convinced, as tlid our III. -.Brethren of Boston, 
 that a union of the two Bodies be had upon a just and honorable basis. 
 
 With this object in view, your committee returned to New York, and at a 
 special session of the Supreme Grand Council Ul.-.Bro. -.Basks was added to 
 your committee, who were empowered to act in the premises. 
 
 Accordingly, on the seventh day of February, your committee visited' the 
 city of Boston, where, meeting with a similar committee, consisting of Illus- 
 trious Brothers Edwaed A. Eatmond, Luoins E. Paige and Geokge M. 
 Eandall, Articles of Consolidation were solemnly entered into between the 
 contracting parties, and I am most happy to announce that the two Supreme 
 Grand Councils were united under the title of the Supreme Grand Council of 
 the thirty-third and last degree of the Ancient and Accepted Eite for the 
 United States of America, their Territories and Dependencies. 
 
 By the sixth Article of Consolidation, the number of Active Members of the 
 Supreme Grand Council was increased to seventeen, thereby creating eight 
 new offices. 
 
 By the seventh Article, of Consolidation, the position of Sovereign Assistant 
 Grand Commander was conferred on Illustrious Edwaed A. Eatmond, in 
 recognition of his long and distinguished services in our Rite. 
 
 On the first day of March, I issued a circular letter to the varlotis subordinate 
 Bodies in our jurisdiction, advising them of the consolidation of the two 
 Supreme Grand Councils, and of the increase of the number of officers. What 
 action has been had by them, I am unable to say. 
 
 On the fifteenth day of April, the final ratification of the union of the two 
 Bodies was consummated at our Grand East, at which session the officers 
 
FEOM 1860 TO THE PRESENT TIME. 73 
 
 were installed in their respective positions, and proclaimed and saluted as 
 such. 
 
 Previous to the closing of the session, our 111. -.Bro. -.John L. Lewis, Je., 
 was unanimously elected as Grand Orator of the Supreme Grand Council, 
 lU.-.Bro.-.LEVERiDGE having resigned that position a short time previous. 
 
 On the twenty-second day of April, I was introduced to Sir Knight William 
 James Bury Macleod Mooee, Lieutenant Colonel in the British army, Pro- 
 vincial Grand Commander of Knights Templar for Canada, and Past Senior 
 Grand Warden of the Grand Lodge of Canada. Bro. -.Moore being very 
 ■anxious to receive the degrees of the Ancient and Accepted Rite, and of 
 organizing Bodies of the same throughout the Canadas, and coming strongly 
 recommended by a number of our Illustrious Brethren, and conceiving it to 
 be for the best interest of our Order that the different Bodies of our Rite should 
 be there established, I conferred on him the degrees up to and including the 
 ■thirty-third, placed in his hand copies of our Ritual, and appointed him 
 District Deputy Inspector for the Canadas. 
 
 I would earnestly recommend that the Supreme Grand Council confer the 
 degrees of our Rite upon a constitutional number of Brethren of Canada, 
 recommended by our Illustrious Brother Moore, for the purpose of establish- 
 ihg a Supreme Grand Council for said place. Although not having corre- 
 sponded with our 111. -.Bro. -.Moore on this subject, still if such could be done 
 ^and T have no doubt it can) it would be a great source of gratification, not 
 onlj' to 111. -.Brethren of Canada, but to every member of our Supreme Council. 
 
 I entertain the most sanguine hopes that the establishment of the same 
 would redound to the prosperity of our beautiful and beloved Rite, and 
 enhance the dignity and standing of our Supreme Council. 
 
 By Articles of Consolidation of the two Bodies, as every and all their acts 
 were confirmed and ratified, and as the late Supreme Grand Council over 
 which 111. -.Bro. -. Edward A. Raymond had the honor to preside had voted 
 the thirty-third degree to Sublime Prince Edward Eddy, a member of Cos- 
 mopolitan Consistory of this city, on the twenty-third day of April, assisted 
 by 111.-. Bros. -. Charles T. MoClenachan and Henry C. Bamks, the latter 
 named Brother acting as Secretary General, pro tern., I elevated the above 
 Sublime Prince to that high grade. 
 
 On the thirtieth day of April, being in the city of Boston, Mass., assisting 
 the Consistory in conferring the degrees of onr Rite, I was introduced to 
 Sublime Prince Oliver H. Phillips, of Nashua, N. H., who gave me a very 
 pressing invitation to visit that city. I complied with his request, and in the 
 evening, accompanied by 111. -.Bro. -.Aaron P. Hughes, was introduced to, 
 and pleasantly entertained by, a number of prominent Masons of said State, 
 who seemed to be very anxious to receive the degrees and petition for a war- 
 rant of constitution for a Grand Consistory. 
 
 Upon consulting with 111. -.Bro.-, Hughes, the following evening was named 
 for said meeting, at which time I conferred the degrees up to and including 
 the thirty-second (32d), on nineteen (19) Brethren. After they had subscribed 
 to the oath of fealty and allegiance, I received their petition for a warrant. 
 
 On the second day of May, accompanied by 111. -.Bro. -.Hughes, I visited the 
 
-j^ ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED BITE, 
 
 city of Manchester and conferred the degrees upon seven other Brethren, 
 making in all twenty-six (26). Among the number at Manchester was Sir 
 Knight Edward W. Harrington, who, by the recommendation of Ill.-.Bro. •. 
 Hughes, I appointed District Deputy Inspector General for said State, after 
 having elevated him to the grade necessary for that position. 
 
 On the fifth day of May, I visited the city of Boston, and conferred the 
 thirty-third degree on Edwis C. Bailey, a member of the Grand Consistory 
 of Massachusetts, that high grade having been voted him by the Supreme 
 Council of the Northern Jurisdiction, previous to the Union. 
 
 On the sixth diiy of May, accompanied by 111. -.Bro.-. William Ellison, 
 our District Deputy for Massachusetts, I visited Providence, E. I., and con- 
 ferred the degrees on Sir Knights Wiij.iam B. Blanding and Thos. A. Dotle. 
 Bro. '.Doyle being strongly recommended by our Brethren from Massachu- 
 setts, and more especially by 111. '.Bro. '.Ellison, as being worthy of the 
 honors of the thirty-third degree and the position of District Deputy for 
 said State, and believing it to be for the general interest of our Order, I con- 
 ferred on him that high grade and appointed him to that high and exalted 
 position, and placed in his hands a blank petition for a Grand Consistory 
 Warrant. 
 
 On the seventh day of May, I conferred the degree on His Excellency 
 Joseph A. Gilmore, Governor of the State of New Hampshire, also Nathaniel 
 Hall, of Hooksett, both Brethren subscribing to the oath of fealty and alle- 
 giance, and signing the petition for said State. 
 
 On the eighth day of May, in the city of Boston, I conferred the thirty-third 
 degree on Sublime Prince John K. Hall, 111. '.Commander-in-Chief of the 
 Grand Consistory of the State of Massachusetts, that high grade having been 
 voted him previous to the union of the two Supreme Councils. 
 
 On the seventeenth day of May, I received a communication from Sublime 
 Prince William B. Blanding, of Providence, requesting me to visit said city, 
 as a constitutional number of Master Masons were very anxious to receive 
 the, degrees for the purpose of organizing a Grand Consistory for the State of 
 Rhode Island. 
 
 Accordingly, on the following day, I visited Providence, and, assisted by 
 our 111. '.Bro. '.Wm. Field, I conferred the degrees on nineteen (19) Master 
 Masons, and after they had subscribed to the oath of fealty and allegiance, 
 I received their petition for a Warrant of Constitution, and on the twenty- 
 second day of the month, assisted by the members of the Supreme Grand 
 Council and a large delegation of Sublime Princes from Boston, Mass., the new 
 and beautiful Masonic hall, at Providence, was consecrated, the Grand Con- 
 sistory inaug'drated, and its officers duly installed and proclaimed. 
 
 On the following day, I visited 111. '.Bro. '.Lucius R. Paige, of Cambridge- 
 port, Mass. , and received from him what books and papers were in his posses- 
 sion relating to the Supreme Grand Council for the Northern Jurisdiction, 
 which, by the fourth article of consolidation, all properties of whatever nature, 
 kind or description belonging to the parties hereto, or either of them, were 
 declared to be vested in the Supreme Grand Council for the United States of 
 America. 
 
FROM 1860 TO THE PRESENT TIME. 75 
 
 On the sixth day of June, the name of Zenas C. Pkiest, Sublime Prince of 
 the Royal Secret, Grand Commander of the Grand Commandery of the State 
 of New York, was presented for the honors of the thirty-third degree. Bro.-. 
 Priest being very highly recommended by 111. -.Bro. -.John L. Lewis, Jr., our 
 Grand Orator, also 111. -.Bro. -.Clinton P. Paige, our District Deputy Inspector, 
 I called a special meeting of the Supreme Grand Council and invested him 
 with the secrets of that high grade. 
 
 About the twelfth of June, I received a pressing invitation to visit the town 
 of Chambersburg, Penn., in reference to matters relating to the Ancient and 
 Accepted Rite, from the tenor of which I was prone to believe that different 
 bodies of our Order might be established in said place. 
 
 I immediately responded to the call, and in company with 111. -.Bro.-. 
 SiCKELs visited said place ; and have no doubt Bodies of our Rite could have 
 been established there, had it not been for the high state of excitement in con- 
 sequence of the expected raid of General Jenkins, of the rebel army, which 
 was made manifest on the second day of our arrival by a visitation of twelve 
 hundred of his cavalry, in the dead hour of night. 
 
 The place being in the hands of the rebels, of course all business was sus- 
 pended, and we detained as prisoners until he evacuated the town, which 
 occurred two days after ; embracing the opportunity we returned to New 
 York. 
 
 On the nineteenth day of June, the Grand Consistory of the State of New 
 Hampshire was inaugurated, and its officers installed, at the city of Nashua, 
 m. -.Bro.-, Ed WIN C. Bailey, of Boston, presiding. It was ray intention to 
 have been present on that occasion, and ' to have taken part in those 
 beautiful and interesting ceremonies ; but having been detained at Chambers- 
 burg, Penn., in company with 111. -.Bro. -.Sickels, and returning to New York 
 on the day of inauguration, I was unable so to do ; but learned that after the 
 ceremonies were concluded, the Brethren by invitation sat down and partook 
 of a splendid banquet gotten up by Sublime Prince Chase. Nothing trans- 
 pired to mar the harmony of the occasion, the Brethren returning to their 
 respective homes well pleased with their day's entertainment. 
 
 On the seventh and tenth days of June, I elevated to the grade of thirty- 
 third degree. Sublime Princes J. H. Hobakt "Ward and Nicholas Mickels, 
 who had been voted that degree at a meeting of the Supreme Council of 
 Boston. 
 
 In the month of June, I received a communication from 111. -.Bro. -.Lawson, 
 of Lowell, Mass., in reference to the organization of a Grand Consistory for 
 the State of Wisconsin. I thereupon visited Bro. -.Lawson, who kindly and 
 fraternally placed me in possession of the necessary information, as also 
 letters of introduction to some of the most prominent Masons of the State 
 of Wisconsin. And having myself received u, letter from Bro. -.Henry L. 
 Palmer, Past Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of that State, requesting 
 me to visit him for that purpose, the Brethren of Wisconsin being so highly 
 recommended by 111. .Bro. -.Lawson, and a number of Sublime Princes from 
 the State of Massachusetts, accompanied by Ill.-.Bro.-.SiCKELs, I set out for 
 the city of Milwaukee, where I arrived on the fifth day of August, and on the 
 
"jg ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED EITE, 
 
 three following days, I conferred the degrees on twenty-nine Brethren, who 
 suhscribed to the oath of fealty and allegiance, and to a petition of a Warrant 
 of Constitution ; and being desirous to be inaugurated and installed, as a 
 majority of the members were residents in different parts of the State, on 
 the tenth of the month, the beautiful and interesting ceremonies of consecra- 
 tion and inauguration were performed to the entire satisfaction of all present. 
 At the conclusion of the ceremonies the Brethren partook of a splendid 
 banquet, at the Newhall House. 
 
 Previous to the inauguration of the Grand Consistory. I elevated to the 
 grfide of thivty-third degree, Sublime Prince Henry L. Palmer, and appointed 
 him District Deputy for said State. I also conferred the degree on Sublime 
 Prince Alvin B. Axden, Grand Master of the Grand Lodge, and William T. 
 Palsier, Grand Secretary of the same, also on Melvin L. Youngs, Grand 
 Lecturer, Jared W. Crippen and Saitoel F. Greeley, Sublime Princes. 
 
 Lafayette Sovereign Chapter of Eose Croix, located in this city, has been 
 working under a warrant granted by the Sovereign Grand Consistory in the 
 year 1824, to HI.-. Bros. . Olitee M. Lowkds, Garret Morgan, Hexky 
 Marsh, W. T. Hunter, Mariano Valasques and William H. Wetmore, 
 said warrant having been issued previous to the establishment of Lodges of 
 Perfection and Councils of Princes of Jerusalem, under the organization of 
 the Sovereign Grand Consistory, and giving them power to confer the 
 degrees up to and including the Eose Croix, which is in violation of our Grand 
 Constitutions of the year 1862, which expressly say. Chapters of Eose Croix 
 shall have power to confer the seventeenth and ei.a;hteenth degrees only. I 
 would respectfully recommend that a warrant be issued in accordance with 
 the Grand Constitutions, free of charge, and the old warrant deposited in the 
 Archives of the Supreme Grand Council. 
 
 At the last session of the Supreme Grand Council a resolution was passed, 
 empowering the Trustees to receive all moneys in the hands of the Treasurer 
 exceeding $50.00, and to deposit the same in some savings bank or institution, 
 to be drawn out only by a vote of the Supreme Grand Council. 
 
 The members of the Supreme Council and Sovereign Grand Consistory 
 ■will remember that three Grand Consistories have been received into the 
 sisterhood of these eminent Bodies during the last year, and consequently, 
 very heavy expenses have been incurred by officers of the Supreme Council in 
 visiting the different States for the purpose of organizing the same, and before 
 the next annual session of the Supreme Council I have no doubt petitions 
 will be received for the organization of these Bodies in the States of Vermont, 
 Pennsylvania, Illinois, Indiana and Michigan, and to institute said Bodies it 
 will be necessary for the 111. -.Brother empowered to act to have the where- 
 withal to meet the expenses of visiting those States : as the resolution now 
 reads, it is impossible so to do without a meeting of the Supreme Council ; I 
 would therefore recommend that the resolution be so amended as to enable the 
 Brother appointed to act in the premises. 
 
 During the recess of the Supreme Grand Council I have received for con- 
 ferring the desrees, up to and including the thirty-third, and for patents, two 
 thousand one hundred and fifty-five dollars ($2,155.) 
 
FEOM 1860 TO THE PEESENT TIME. 77 
 
 The expenses incurred for myself and associates In traveling through differ- 
 ent States for that purpose, have been seven hundred ninety-nine dollars and 
 seventy-seven cents ($799.77). The balance ($1,355.03), with the petitions 
 for said Bodies, as also the books and papers received from lU.-.Lcoics R. Paige, 
 have been delivered to the Grand Secretary General. 
 
 I -take great pleasure in announcing to the Supreme Grand Council and 
 Sovereign Grand Consistory, that the utmost harmony prevails among the 
 members of our Order throughout our jurisdiction. 
 
 At no time since the establishment of the Ancient and Accepted Rite on this 
 continent has it been in such a healthy and flourishing condition as at present. 
 At no time have its members increased so rapidly as since the union of the two 
 Bodies. We have in this jurisdiction six Grand Consistories, viz. . Connecticut, 
 Massachusetts, Rhode Island, New Jersey, New Hampshire and Wisconsin. 
 New*York as yet has none, but as there are three subordinate Consistories in 
 our State, two located in this city and one at Syracuse, I would advise a 
 convention be called of the members of said Bodies, and such measures taken 
 as will speedily ensure the organization of a Grand Consistory. 
 
 I sincerely hope and trust that the time is not far distant when each and 
 every State in our jurisdiction shall have its Grand Consistory for the govern- 
 ment of Subordinate Bodies located therein. 
 
 It is greatly to be regretted that in this great city of New York, the Grand 
 Orient of this Supreme Grand Council, we are not in possession of a suitable 
 hall in which to hold our annual sessions, and especially for the meetings of 
 our Subordinate Bodies, without which it is impossible for them to diffuse 
 and disseminate the beautiful teachings laid down in the rituals of our time- 
 honored institutions. 
 
 I hope and trust the Supreme Grand Council will take this matter into 
 consideration, and if the Treasury will admit (of which I have no doubt 
 from its increase during the past year), appoint a suitable committee, em- 
 powering them to rent and decorate, in an appropriate manner, rooms for the 
 use of this Supreme Council. In so doing it can be rented to the Subordinate 
 Bodies in the city, where all can meet and be under one fold, when the 
 beautiful teachings of our Rite may be exemplified in such manner as will 
 redound to the prosperity of the Supreme Council for the United States of 
 America, their territories and dependencies. 
 
 Brethren, do not close this session without some action being had in the 
 matter. 
 
 Since the recess of the Supreme Council, numerous applications have been 
 made to the Secretary General for diplomas of the several grades in pocket- 
 book form. I would recommend the appointment of a committee empowered 
 to procure a suitable design for the use of the members throughout our juris- 
 diction, which would also increase our revenue to a very great extent. 
 
 The 111. -.Brethren will bear in mind there is no amendatory clause to our 
 Grand Constitutions ; consequently, they can be altered or revised at any 
 meeting of the Body. I would recommend that a suitable article be added to 
 obviate the same. 
 
 As the business of our Supreme Grand Council has been largely increased 
 
<jg ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED KITE, 
 
 during the last year, and must of necessity so continue, as the different Grand 
 and Subordinate Bodies spring into existence in our jurisdiction, it is necessary 
 that such measures be taken as will expedite the same. 
 
 I would therefore recommend the appointment of the following committees : 
 on Finance, on Foreign Correspondence, on Appeals, and on Printing. 
 
 I have thus. 111. .Brethren, informed you of my official acts during the last 
 year. I hope and trust that in all our deliherations here, we may have* but 
 one object in -yiew — to please each other, to he as a unit in all our acts ; and 
 may the session redound to the prosperity of our Bite. May the Grand 
 Architect of the Universe smile upon our efforts, and bless all our labors with 
 success. 
 
 Sept. 2d, 1863. — lU.-.Bro.-.DoYiE offered the following resolution, which was 
 adopted : 
 
 Resolved, That 111. . be and the^ are 
 
 hereby appointed a committee to prepare, and, with the approval of the 
 M.-.P.'.Sov.-.Grand Commander, to issue, .at as early date as practicable, a 
 condensed statement of the origin and history of the recent attempt of certain 
 parties residing in a State within and under the jurisdiction of this Grand 
 Council, to organize a Council of Sovereign Inspectors General, in opposition 
 to the authority of this Body. 
 
 Oct. 19th, 1864.— 111.-. Bro.-.H. J. Setmoiik then introduced Ill.-.Bro.-. L. 
 Baron A. Hnoo de Bclow, the Grand Representative of this Supreme Council 
 near the Supreme Council of France, who was received with the honors due 
 his rank. 
 
 Oct. 20th, 1864. — Your Committee on Nominations, to whom were referred 
 various names for the grade of Deputy Inspector General and others for 
 Active Membership in this Supreme Council, having considered the matter 
 referred, would report, submitting the following names for Active Membership 
 in the Supreme Council : 
 
 Ill.-.Bro. •.Henry L. Palmer, of Wisconsin. 
 
 Thomas J. Corson, of New Jersey. 
 
 Geo. W. Bentlet, of Massachusetts. 
 
 Aaron King, of New Hampshire. 
 
 "William R. Higbt, of Connecticut. 
 
 Clinton F. Paige, of New York. 
 
 Oct. 21, 1864. — The HI. -.Grand Secretary then offered his resignation as 
 Grand Secretary. 
 
 The 111. -.2(1 Lieutenant Grand Commander, H. Thompson, offered his resig- 
 nation of office. 
 
 The members of the Supreme Council then proceeded, in accordance with 
 the amended Constitutions, to the election of officers for the ensuing three 
 years. 
 
FROM 1860 TO THE PRESENT TIME. 79 
 
 Active members of the Silpreme Council present — 
 111. -.Simon W. Robinson, IU.-.Chas. T. MoClbnaohan, 
 
 Hopkins Thompson, Peter Lawson, 
 
 John L. Lewis, John Innes, 
 
 LuoiDs E. Paioe, Henry L. Palmer, 
 
 Daniel Siokels, Geo. W. Bentlet, 
 
 Egbert E. Roberts, Aaron Kino, 
 
 Harry J. Seymour, Clinton F. Paige. 
 
 The following ofl&cers were then duly elected : 
 
 111. '.Edmund B. Hayes, M.-.P.-.Sov.-.Grand Commander. 
 John L. Lewis, 1st Lient.-. Grand Commander. 
 Lucius R. Paige, Grand Orator. 
 Daniel Siokels, Grand Secretary General H.'.E.'. 
 George W. Bentley, Grand Treasurer. 
 Henry C. Banks, Grand Marshal General. 
 Chas. T. McClenachan, Grand Master of Ceremonies. 
 John Innes, Grand Standard Bearer. 
 William Field, Grand Captain of the Guard. 
 
 New York, December 20, 1864. 
 The Supreme Grand Council met this day, and was opened in the usual 
 form by the M.-.P.'.Sov..Grand Commander, Edmund B. Hayes, assisted by 
 111. -.Henry C. Banks, Orand Marshal General H.-.E.-. 
 Chas. T. McClenachan, Orand Master of Cerermmies. 
 John Innes, Grand Standard Bearer. 
 Peter Lawson, Active Member. 
 Robert E. Roberts, Active Member. 
 William Ellison, Deputy Inspector General, 33°. 
 Hugh Gardner, " " " 
 
 J. H. H. Ward, " " " 
 
 The Supreme Council was opened in ample form by the 111. -.Grand Com- 
 mander, who stated that this special meeting had been called by him in con- 
 sequence of the large amount of business that had been left unattended to by 
 the Body at its annual session. 
 
 The Secretary General, 111. -.Bro. -.Daniel Siokels, being absent, the Grand 
 Commander appointed Ill.-.fco.-.C. T. McClenachan Secretary General pro 
 tern. 
 
 The Committee on Nominations reported imanimously in favor of granting 
 the thirty-third grade to John G. Case, S.-.P.-.E.-.S.., of Boston, Mass. 
 
 Report received, and ballot ordered immediately, which resulted in electing 
 Bro. -.Case to the grade of Deputy Inspector General. 
 
 On motion, it was then determined by the Grand Body, that if any Sub- 
 lime Prince were in waiting for the grade of thirty-third, who had been 
 •elected, the degree should be conferred before proceeding with other business. 
 Sublime Princes Samuel C. Lawrence and John G. Case, both of Massachu- 
 
gQ ANCIEXr AND ACCEPTED EITE, 
 
 setts, being in waiting, were then introduced in due form, and fully received, 
 constituted and acknowledged Deputy Inspectors General of the thirty-third 
 and last degree of the Ancient and Accepted Rite, and Instructed and pro- 
 claimed as such, being greeted with the Grand Honors. 
 
 Deo. 20th, 1864. — 111. -.Bro. -.William Elli.son resigned his position .is Dep- 
 uty for the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, and 111. -.Bro. '.SAiU'EL C. Law- 
 BENCE was appointed to fill the vacancy. 
 
 111. -.Bro. ■.John Sheville was appointed Deputy for the State of New Jersey. 
 
 m.-.Bro.-.ORKiN Welch was appointed Deputy for the State of New York. 
 
 Sept. 11th, 1865.— IlI.-.Bro.-.C. T. MoClenachan, 33°, preferred a, charge, 
 with three specifications, of the violation of sundry obligations by Henky J. 
 Seymour, 33°, of the Ancient and Accepted Rite as set forth in the ritual of 
 the degrees. 
 
 The charge and specifications were read in the presence of the Sov. '.Grand 
 Commander and Inspector General present. 
 
 111. '.Bro.-. Henry C. B.\nks, 33°. moved that the charge and specifications be- 
 referred to a commission, which was carried, and the Sov. -.Grand Commander 
 announced 111. -.Bros. .Henry C. Banks, Job.x Ixxes and Hopkiks Thompson, 33°, 
 said commission for the trial. 
 
 111. -.Bro. -.C. T. McClenaohan, 33°, moved the adoption of the following 
 resolution >-. 
 
 Resolved, That the rules, forms and laws which govern trials in the Grand 
 Lodge of the State of New York, or other Masonic Bodies, be designated as 
 those to govern in the conduct of this case. 
 
 Which was carried. 
 
 Ill.-.Bro.-.McCLENACHAN, ou behalf of D. Sickels, 33°, moved that a com- 
 mittee be appointed to take into consideration the propriety of resuming the 
 old name. Supreme Council of Northern Jurisdiction of the United States of 
 America, in lieu of the one at present adopted, the said committee to report at 
 the next adjourned meeting of this Body. Carried. 
 
 Commiltee. 
 111. '.Bro.-. Sickels, lU.-.Bro. '.McClbnachan, IU. -.Bro. .Banks. 
 
 Sept. 11th, 1865. — 111. -.Bro.-. Banks moved th%t the Sov.-. Grand Commander 
 appoint one or more delegates to repair to Charleston, S. C, at the meeting of 
 the Southern Supreme Council. 
 
 Got. 22d, 1865. — The committee appointed at the last meeting to consider 
 the propriety of resuming the name of the Supreme Council for the Northern 
 Jurisdiction of the United States, reported in favor of resuming said name. 
 Which report was, on motion, received and unanimously adopted. 
 
 111. -.Bro. -.Sickels announced the names of 111. -.Bros.-. Lcorcs R. Paige, of 
 Cambridgeport, Mass., and Sickels, of New York, as the committee appointed 
 by the M. -.P. -.Sov.. Grand Commander to visit the Supreme Council ofrthe 
 
PROM 1860 TO THE PRESENT TIME. gX 
 
 Southern Jurisdiction, at Charleston, S. C, and represent this Body in said 
 Supreme Council. 
 
 Beo. 13th, 1865. — m. -.Bros. -.McClenachan and Paige then introduced 111.-, 
 Bro.-.EBENEZER H. Shaw, of California, Sov.-. Grand Inspector General, 33°, 
 and a member of the Supreme Council for the Southern Jurisdiction of the 
 United States 'of America, who was received in due form and seated in the 
 East. 
 
 The m. -.Grand Secretary General presented the resignation of M.-.P.-.Sov. -. 
 Grand Commander Edmund B. Hayes ; which was, on motion of HI. -.Clinton F, 
 Paige, received, and a committee of three appointed to report resolutions 
 expressive of the sentiments of this Body. 
 
 Committee. 
 in.-.Bro.-.C. F. Paige, lU.-.Bro.-.PETEK Lawson, lll.-.Bro.-.D. Sickels. 
 
 Dec. 13th, 1865. — 111. -.Bro.-. McClenachan- moved that 111. -.Bro. -.Chakles 
 Jeffekson Hakrah, Deputy Inspector General, 33°. be appointed the Repre- 
 sentative of this Supreme Council near the Supreme Council of Brazil, and 
 that the necessary documents be made out by the Grand Secretary General 
 and forwarded to 111. -.Bro. -.Habrah. Carried. 
 
 Dec. 14th, 1865. — On motion, it was 
 
 Resolved, That the members of the Supreme Council now proceed to elect a 
 Sov. -.Grand Commander to fill the vacancy occasioned by the resignation of 
 HI. -.Bro.-. Hayes. 
 
 ni.-.Bros. -.Lawson and King were then appointed tellers, and the 111.-, 
 Brethren proceeded to ballot, which resulted in the unanimous election of El.-. 
 Bro. Simon W. Robinson, there being present a majority of all the officers and 
 Active Members of the Supreme Council. 
 
 lU.-.Bro. -.SiMou W. Robinson was then duly installed as M.-.P.-.Sov. -.Grand 
 Commander of the Supreme Council for the Northern Jurisdiction of the United 
 States, and was so proclaimed and received. He then took the Chair and 
 assumed the Baton of authority. 
 
 On motion, it was 
 
 Resolved, That no visitors be admitted to the deliberations of this Supreme 
 Council at this session, except by special vote. 
 
 111. -.Bro.-. Banks, Chairman of the Committee appointed to investigate 
 certain charges and specifications presented to this Supreme Council against 
 Hbnrt J. Seymour, a Past Officer in this Supreme Council, reported that they 
 had carefully examined the said charges and specifications and the proofs 
 thereof ; that the aforesaid J. H. Seymour had been duly notified to attend the 
 meeting of the commission, and had been served with a copy of the charges 
 and specifications ; that said charges and specifications had been fully sustained ; 
 and offered the following resolution : 
 
 Resolved, That the said Henry J. Seymour be and is hereby expelled from 
 
go ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED KITE, 
 
 all the rights and privileges of masonry in every branch of the Ancient and 
 Accepted Scottish Eite. 
 
 Signed by committee, Hbnkt C. Bakks, John Innes, Hopkins Thompson. 
 
 On motion, the report was received and the resolution unanimously adopted, 
 ^the members voting viva voce by roll call, beginning with the junior member 
 (see Note). 
 
 Note. — Brother SKTMOnB denied the right of this Supreme Council to try him, 
 denying its authority and legitimacy, and asserting that as he had never 
 belonged to it, since its formation in October, 1864 (see Ante), it had no juris- 
 diction whatever over him. It is admitted on all sides that after the formation 
 of this Council, in October, 1864, Bro. -.SETMOoit remained away from the 
 Supreme Council. 
 
 The Committee on Recommendation then made the following report : 
 That they take great pleasure in recommending for the grade of Deputy 
 Inspector General the following Sublime Princes of the Boyal Secret : 
 
 George J. Gardner, Syracuse, N. T. 
 
 James M. Austin, Grand Secretary Grand Lodge, New York. 
 
 William A. Smith, Worcester, Mass. 
 
 Henry B. Atherton, New Hampshire. 
 
 James B. Chaffee, Afton, N. Y. 
 
 George W. Washburn", Jr., Wisconsin. 
 
 J. Clarke Haget, Pennsylvania. 
 
 Chas. H. White, Boston, Mass. 
 
 H. Clay Preston, Binghamton, N. Y. 
 
 Geo. a. Barney, New York City. 
 And for Active Membership in this Supreme Council — 
 
 J. Clarke Haoey, Pennsylvania. 
 And for Deputy for the State of Wisconsin — 
 
 Alvin B. Alden. 
 
 Also for Active Membership in this Supreme Council — 
 William Barrett, New Hampshire. 
 
 The report was received, and, on motion, the HI. -.Brethren were balloted 
 for and duly elected. 
 
 June 7th, 1866. — Committee on Nominations then presented the following 
 report of names for the favorable consideration of this Council : 
 Eev. H. M. Johnson, D. D.. 33°, of Carlisle, Pa., proposed by 111. -.Bro. -.Haget. 
 Seymour H. Stone, 33°, of Syracuse, N. Y., proposed by Hl.-.Bro.-.OKRiN 
 
 Welch. 
 Charles H. Platt, of Plattsburgh, N. Y., proposed by HI-. Bro. -.C. F. Paiqb. 
 Daniel H. Gould, 33°. of Connecticut, proposed by lU.-.Bro. -.Hiqbt. 
 John F. Coluns, 33°, New York City. 
 D. S. Waldron,* proposed by HI. -.Bro. .Banks. 
 Sidney Hayden, 33°, of Pennsylvania, proposed by HI.-. Bro. -Lewis. 
 Gregory Satteklee, proposed by lU.-.Bro. Lawson, referred to Committee. 
 
 * Referred back to Committee. 
 
FROM 1860 TO THE PRESENT TIME. 83 
 
 In pursuance of a Summons of which the following is a true copy : 
 
 T. '.T. -.G. •. 0. -.T. -.G. -.A. -.O.-.T. -.U. •. 
 
 HEALTH, STABILITY, POWER. 
 
 Prom the East of the Supreme Council of Sov.-.Gr.-.Ins.-.Gen.-. of the thirty- 
 third and. last degree. Ancient Accepted Scottish Rite, for the Northern 
 Jurisdiction of the United States of America, under the C.'.C". of the Z. ■., 
 near the B.-.B.-., answering to 40" 42' 40" N. L., and 2° 0' and 61" E. 
 Lon., Meridian of Washington City. 
 
 Orient of New York, Nov. 27, 1866. 
 Peer and Bro.-.Sao.'.Gr.-.Im.-.Gen.-. 
 
 You are hereby summoned to meet the Sov.'.Gr. ■.Commander, and Brethren 
 Sov.-.Gr.-.Ins.-.Gen.-. at Nassau Hall, corner of Washington and Common 
 Streets, Boston, Massachusetts, on Thursday, December 13th, at 11 o'clock, 
 a. M., for the purpose of opening a session extraordinary of the Supreme 
 Council, and for the transaction of such business as may legally come before it. 
 Per order, 
 
 S. W. ROBINSON, 33", 
 M.:P.:Sav.-. Grand Commander of the Supreme Council for 
 Northern Jurisdiction U. S. A. 
 Attest : John F. Cormbr, 33°, 
 
 Asst.-.Gr.:Sec.-.Gen.-.B.-.E.-. 
 
 The following named III. -.Brothers, Sovereign Grand Inspectors General 
 assembled at Nassau Hall, in the city of Boston, State of Massachusetts, on the 
 fifth day of the Hebrew month called Tebet, a. -.M.-.5627, answering to Thurs- 
 day the thirteenth day of December, in the year of our Lord 1866 : 
 111. .Simon W. Robinson. Ill, -.John Sheville, 
 
 John L. Lewis, Clinton F. Paiob, 
 
 Lucius R. Fame, J. Clarke Haqet, 
 
 Geo. W. Bentlet, William Barrett, 
 
 Henry C. Basks, Aaron Kino, 
 
 C. T. MoClenachan, Peter Lawson, 
 
 William Field, 
 
 honokart. 
 
 m. -.Samuel C. Lawrence, 111. -.Thomas A. Doyle, 
 
 Richard M. Barker, Wyzbman Marshall, 
 
 John G. Case, James H. Freeland, 
 
 John F. Currier, Albert H. Goodall, Represen- 
 
 IsRAEL Hunt, tative of the Supreme Council 
 
 R. M. C. Graham, of Brazil. 
 
 111.-. Simon W. Robinson, M.-.P.-.Sov.-.Grand Commander, being present, 
 announced that, consequent upon the death of 111. -.Edward A. Raymond, late 
 Sov.-. Grand Commander, he had succeeded to the Sov.-. Grand Commandership 
 of the Supreme Council of Sovereign Grand Inspectors General of the thirty- 
 third and last degree of the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite of Freemasonry 
 
84 ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED BITE, 
 
 for the Northern Jurisdiction of the United States of America ; and, in the 
 exercise of the rights, privileges and functions of said office, he had notified 
 and summoned the following 111.-. Brethren, viz. Chakbes W. Mooke, Albbet 
 Case, Chaklbs R. Starkweather and A. B. Young, to appear before him in 
 Council Chamber, and they having failed or neglected to obey said summons, 
 or to take notice thereof, he declared and proclaimed their seats in the Supreme 
 Council to be vacant, and that he should proceed to fill up the vacancies in 
 the Supreme Council, pursuant to Articles 2 and 3 of the Constitutions of 1786. 
 
 "Whereupon the Brethren Sovereign Grand Inspectors General renewed their 
 Oath of Fealty and Allegiance to the Sov. -.Grand Commander, and retired 
 from the Council Chamber. 
 
 The Sov. -.Grand Commander thereupon associated with himself 111. -.Peter 
 Lawson as Treasurer General of the H. -.E.-., and they thereupon concurred in 
 the choice of 111.-. John L. Lewis, of Penn Yan, N. Y., as the third member of 
 the Supreme Council, pursuant to said Constitution. 
 
 111. -.Bro. -.John L. Lewis was then introduced into the Council Chamber, and 
 was thereupon appointed by the Sov.-. Grand Commander his Lieut. -.Grand 
 Commander. 
 
 The three 111. -.Brethren then unanimously made choice of 111. '.Lucius B. 
 Paige, of Cambridgeport, Mass. , as the fourth member of the Supreme Council. 
 
 111. -.Bro. -.Lucius B. Paige was then introduced, and chosen Grand Minister 
 of State and Grand Orator. 
 
 The four HI. .Brethren then made choice of IlI.-.Bro. .Clinton F. Paige, of 
 Binghamton, N. Y., as the fifth member of the Supreme Council. 
 
 111. -.Bro.-.C. F. Paige was then introduced, and duly chosen Grand Marshal 
 General. 
 
 The five 111. -.Brethren then made choice of 111.-. Charles T. McClekachan, of 
 New York, as the sixth member of the Supreme Council. 
 
 111. -.Bro.-.C. T. MoClenaohan was then introduced into the Council Cham- 
 ber, and duly chosen Grand Master of Ceremonies. 
 
 The six 111. -.Brethren then made choice of 111. -.William Field, of Provi- 
 dence, B. I., as the seventh member of the Supreme Council. He was then 
 introduced into the Council Chamber,- and duly chosen Grand Captain of the 
 Guard. 
 
 The seven HI.-. Brethren then made choice of 111. -.William Baebbtt, of 
 Nashua, N. H., as the eighth member of the Supreme Council. 
 
 111.-. Bro. -.W. Barreti' was then introduced into the Council Chamber, and 
 duly chosen Grand Standard Bearer. 
 
 Whereupon the Sov. -.Grand Commander caused it to be proclaimed that the 
 Supreme Council, 33°, for the Northern Jurisdiction of the United States of 
 America, was fully organized, and proceeded to install the officers in due and 
 ancient form. 
 
 On motion, the following amendment to Article V, Sec. 1^ of the Constitu- 
 tion of 1786, was unanimously adopted : 
 
FKOM 1860 TO THE PKESENT TIME. 85 
 
 "That the Active Membership of this Supreme Council be raised to thirty 
 three.' ' 
 
 Sec. 2 of the same Article was amended to read as follows : 
 "When the M.-. P.-. Sov.. Grand Commander, the P. -.Lieut. -.Grand Com- 
 mander, or three other ofBcers of the Council are present, seven shall consti- 
 tute a quorum for the transaction of business.' ' 
 
 The following 111. -.Brethren were thereupon duly and successively elected 
 Active Members of the Supreme Council, viz : 
 
 111. -.Daniel Sickels, 111. -.Aaron King, 
 
 Henry C. Banks, W. E. Hiqby, 
 
 George W. Bentlet, Thomas J. Coeson, 
 
 Hopkins Thompson, J. Clarke Haget, 
 
 John Innes, John Sheville, 
 
 George M. Eandall, John P. Cukkiee. 
 Henry L. Palmer, 
 
 Such of the above ntimed 111. -.Brethren as were present were then intro- 
 duced into the Council Chamber, and accepted their seats in the Council. 
 
 111. -.Daniel Sickels was duly chosen Grand Secretary General H.-.E.-., and 
 HI. -.John P. Currier was chosen Assistant Grand Secretary H.-.E.-. 
 
 The Sovereign Grand Commander then read the following 
 
 ADDRESS. 
 
 We have met, in the Providence of God, to deliberate on the present state 
 of this Supreme Council, and to adopt such measures as will best subserve its 
 interest, and I rejoice to meet so many of you apparently in the enjoyment of 
 health and all the comforts of life, and I earnestly pray for their continuance. 
 The present meeting of the Council has been called at the request of several 
 of its members, and the business to be considered is of the iirst importance. 
 
 In the year 1863, and for many years previous, there were two Supreme 
 Councils — the Raymond Council, whose Grand East was in Boston, and the 
 Hayes Council, with its Grand East in New York, both claiming jurisdiction. 
 These two Councils, to a certain extent, were antagonistical and hostile to 
 each other. Much of the strength of both parties was wasted in finding fault 
 and aiming blows at each other, and their power for good was thus paralyzed. 
 
 This condition of things could no longer be endured, and it became a sub- 
 ject of absorbing solicitude and inquiry, if not checked, what would be the 
 result ? 
 
 I'he affections which the Order inculcates were being alienated, and the 
 fountains of social happiness poisoned. To obviate these evils, the exercise 
 of the best faculties of the mind were put in requisition ; negotiations were 
 commenced, and prosecuted with indefatigable industry, to their completion. 
 The fruits of those negotiations were the merging of the two Councils into 
 one, and their constituting a "Union Council." 
 
 Exceptions were taken to this Union, especially by the Southern Council, 
 who, after a long and deliberate consideration of the subject, were of the 
 
gg ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED EITE, 
 
 opinion that it was irregulair, and therefore decided not to recognize the 
 Council. 
 
 111. -.Bro!-. Pike, whose researches, masonic intelligence and familiar ac- 
 quaintance with whatever pertains to the Ancient and Accepted Eite gives to 
 his opinion almost the authority of law, concurs with the Southern Council, 
 and he is also of the opinion that the Eaj'mond Council is not dead, but its 
 vital energies suspended for the time heing; and the lieut. -.Commander, 
 under the late E. A. Eaymosd, succeeds to the office of Sov. • -Grand Commander 
 of the only legitimate Council of the Northern Jurisdiction. 
 
 To place ourselves within the pale of legitimacy, and secure fraternal rela- 
 tions with the Southern Council and all other regular Councils, induced the 
 Brethren to dissolve the " Union Council," which has been done by the unan- 
 imous consent of every member. 
 
 The Union Council being dissolved, its members are consequently absolved 
 from the Oath of Fealty, and may lawfully resuscitate the Raymond CouncU 
 and exercise all the rights, privileges and functions to which it was entitled 
 previous to its union with the Hayes Council. 
 
 This resuscitation has been consummated as provided in the 2d section of 
 Article 3 of the Constitution of 1786 ; and proclamation has been made that 
 the Officers have been regularly appointed and installed, and the Council is 
 now ready to proceed to the consideration of business that may regularly 
 come before it. 
 
 And now. 111. -.Brethren, permit me to congratulate you upon the success 
 of your efforts in the business for which the present meeting was called. 
 You have resuscitated this Council from its dormancy, breathed into it the 
 breath of life, and restored all the vital energies with which it was originally 
 invested. 
 
 It is now believed that every obstacle to a full and complete recognition by 
 all regular Councils is removed, and we may reasonably hope that this Su- 
 preme Council will continue to hold a high place in the scale of usefulness 
 among the honored institutions of the land. Pax Vobiscdm. 
 
 Ill.-.Bro. -.Lawson presented the name of 111. .John A. Foster, of New York, 
 for Active Membership. Which application was laid on the table. 
 
 Ill.-.Bro. -.E. M. C. Graham was then proposed for Active Membership. 
 Which application was laid on the table. 
 
 Ill.-.Bro. -.Barrett then tendered his resignation as Grand Standard Bearer. 
 Which was accepted. 
 
 Ill.-.Bro. -.Lawson resigned his office as Grand Treasurer. Which was ac- 
 cepted. 
 
 Ill.-.Bro. -.C. P. Paige resigned his office as Grand Marshal. Which was 
 accepted. 
 
 III. -.Bro.-.L. E. Paige moved that 111. -.Bro.-. John Inkes be elected to the 
 office of Grand Standard Bearer. Which motion was laid on the table. 
 
 ni.-.Bro.-.BABRETT nominated 111. -.Bro. -.Banks to fill the position of Grand 
 Marshal. 
 
FROM 1860 TO THE PRESENT TIME. 87 
 
 m.-.Bro. '.Lawson nominated 111. •.Bro.vBBNTLBY to fill the position of Grand 
 Treasurer. 
 
 And, upon the ballot being taken, Ill.-.Bro.-.BENTLEY was unanimously 
 elected Grand Treasurer, andlll.-.Bro.-.H. C. Bahks was unanimously elected 
 Grand Marshal. 
 
 lU.-.Bro. -.L.. R. Paiqe moved to elect a second Master of Ceremonies, and 
 nominated 111. -.Bro. •.John Shevillb. 
 
 111. -.Bro. -.Banks moved an amendment, to say, Resolved, that 111.-. Bro.-, 
 Sheville be elected Grand Lecturer. 
 
 lU.-.Bro.-.L. R. Paigi moved to further amend (which was accepted), that 
 there be an oflSce and officer known as second Grand Master of Ceremonies, 
 whose duty it shall be to act as Grand Lecturer. 
 
 Upon ballot being taken. III. -.Bro. -. John Shevillb was unanimously elected 
 second Grand Master of Ceremonies. 
 
 111. -.Bro. -.Banks moved that when we adjourn we adjourn to meet on the 
 Thursday after the third Wednesday in May next, at 12 m., in the city of New 
 York, at such place as the Secretary General may designate. Motion laid on 
 the table. 
 
 lU.-.Bro.-.HAGET submitted the following resolution, which was uuani- 
 mously adopted . 
 
 Resolved, That the Letters Patent and warrant of authority under which the 
 various Bodies acknowledging the authority of the Supreme Council for the 
 Northern Jurisdiction U. -.S. -.A.-., of which the following schedule is a correct 
 exhibit, with all certificates of membership and Letters Patent granted by said 
 Body, be continued and confirmed by this Supreme Council, for the benefit of 
 all acknowledging its supreme authority in this jurisdiction, viz. : Grand 
 Consistories of New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, 
 New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin, 
 together with their subordinates. 
 
 On motion. 
 
 Resolved, That the powers of all Deputies in the several States be continued, 
 and their acts confirmed. 
 
 111. -.Bro. -.MoClenachan asked, in behalf of 111. -.Bro. -.Welch, D.-.D. -.1. -. 
 Gen. -.for the State of New York, that charters be granted to the four Bodies at 
 Corning, N. Y., at this session of the Council. 
 
 lU.-.Bro.-.C. F. Paige stated that he had subsequently seen 111. -.Bro.-. Welch, 
 who requested that the matter be delayed until the next regular session. 
 Accordingly, it was so ordered. 
 
 Ill.-.Bro. -.Barkett proposed 111. -.Horace Chase, Grand Secretary of the 
 Grand Lodge of New Hampshire, for the Honorary Grade of Deputy Grand 
 Inspector General. Which was duly seconded and unanimously carried. 
 
 Ill.-.Bro. -.Chase was then introduced, and the grade of D. -.G,-. I.-. G. -.con- 
 ferred upon him by the proper officers. 
 
 Ill.-.Bro.-.BAKKETT moved that a 33" Diploma be presented to our venerabla 
 
gg ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED EITE, 
 
 and beloved Brother Horace Chase, Grand Secretary of the Grand Lodge of 
 New Hampshire. The motion was seconded and carried. 
 
 IH.-.Bio.-.Bamks stated that Templar Lodge of Perfection, of New York, had 
 been resuscitated, and moved that the Charter be restored to them with full 
 force and effect. Motion carried. 
 
 Ill.-.Bro.-.L. R. Paige proposed Ill.-.Bro.-.Z. H. Thomas, Jk., of Cambridge- 
 port, Mass., for the Honorary Grade of Deputy Inspector General. 
 
 Ill.-.Bro. -.CuHRiER proposed lU.-.Bro.-.BENj, Pope, of South Boston, Mass., for 
 the Honorary Grade of Deputy Grand Inspector General. 
 
 Both of which were unanimously granted. 
 
 lU.-.Brrp.-.BAXKS proposed Ill.-.Bro. -.Wilson Small, of New York, N. Y., for 
 the Honorary Grade of Deputy Grand Inspector General. Seconded by 111.-. 
 l!ro. -.McClenachan, and unanimously carried. 
 
 lU.-.Bro.-.C. F. Paige proposed I11.-.Bi-o.-.James Borns, of Penn Yan, N. Y., 
 for the Honorary Grade of Deputy Grand Inspector General, which was imani- 
 mously granted. And the Lieut. -.Grand Commander was authorized to confer 
 the degree upon 111. -.Bio.-. Burns. 
 
 111. -.Bio. C. T. McClenachan was authorized to confer the degree of Deputy 
 Grand Inspector General upon 111.-. Bio.-. William Small. 
 
 111. -.Bi-o.-.C. F. Paige moved that Ill.-.Bro. -.R. M. C. Graham be admitted 
 to Active Membership in this Supreme Council. Motion seconded by 111.-. 
 Bro. '.Banks, and carried. 
 
 On motion of Ill.-.Bro. -.Banks, the 111. -.Secretary General was requested and 
 authorized to prepare a statement of our present personnel or tableau of 
 officers, members, etc. 
 
 Ill.-.Bro. -.L.AWSON moved that a Committee of Three be appointed to ascer- 
 tain the status of the Supreme Council, funds, etc. Motion carried, and Sov. •. 
 Grand Commander appointed 111. .Bros. D. Sickels, C. P. Paige, and G. W. 
 Bbntlet, committee. 
 
 Ill.-.Bro. -.Paige asked to be excused, which was granted, and Ill.-.Bro.-. 
 Barrett appointed in his place. 
 
 On motion of Ill.-.Bro.-. Lawson, Hl.-.Bro. -.Thos. A. Dotle, of E. I., was 
 admitted to Active Membership. 
 
 It was, on motion. 
 
 Resolved, That when the Council adjourn, they adjourn to meet to-morrow, 
 Dec. 14, 1866, at ten o'clock a. m. 
 
 Ill.-.Bro.-.L. R. Paige asked to be excused, on account of ill health, from 
 further attendance at this session of the Council. 
 
 Ill.-.Bro. -.Lawson moved that a Committee of Conference be appointed, 
 consisting of the Lieut.-. Grand Commander and two others to be appointed by 
 him, to take into consideration the condition of the A. -.and A. -.Rite. 
 
 After considerable discussion, the motion was carried, and a, committee, 
 consisting of 111. -.Bros. .John L; Lewis, Peter Lawson and L. E. Paige, was 
 appointed. 
 
FROM 1860 TO THE PRESENT TIME. 89 
 
 lU.'.Bro.-.LAwsON asked to be excused, which was granted, and lU.-.Bro.-. 
 Barrett was appointed in his place. 
 
 Ill.-.Bro. -.Sheville proposed for the Honorary Grade of Deputy Grand 
 Inspector General ; 
 
 111. -.Bro.-.D. W. Thompson, Illinois. 
 
 Walter A. Stearns, " 
 
 James C. Luokey, " 
 
 James H. Field, " 
 
 E. G. Hamilton, Indiana. 
 
 B. W. H. Ellis, " 
 
 Thos. E. Austin, " 
 
 George S. Seymour, " 
 Which propositions were received, and, upon ballot being taken, they were 
 unanimously elected. 
 
 111. '.Bro.-. Sheville was authorized to confer the said grade upon the above 
 named III. -.Brethren. 
 
 111. -.Bro. -.McClenaohan reported verbally upon the inauguration and instal- 
 lation ceremonies performed by him in Michigan, and proposed the names of 
 Ill.;.Bros. '.A. T. JIetcalf and C. H. Brown for the Honorary Grade of Deputy 
 Grand Inspector General, which was seconded and carried. 
 
 111. -.Bro. ".Sheville was authorized to confer the degree upon the two 111.'. 
 Brothers from Michigan. 
 
 Ill.-.Bro. •.CuBRiEK proposed Ill.-.Bro. -.E. M. Barker for Active membership, 
 which was received, and Ill.-.Bro. -.Barker was unanimously elected. 
 
 The Council then adjourned to Friday, December 14, 1866, at ten o'clock a. m. 
 
 Friday, Dec. 14, 1866. 
 
 The Supreme Council resumed labor in its Senatorial Chamber of the 
 Thirty-third Degree, pursuant to adjournment, at ten o'clock a. m. Officers 
 and members as before. 
 
 The reading of the records of the session of the 13th inst. was temporarily 
 dispensed with. 
 
 On motion of the Lieut. -.Grand Commander, the Sov.-. Grand Commander 
 was requested to furnish the 111. -.Secretary General with a copy o£ his address 
 for record. >' 
 
 On motion of 111. -.Bro. -.Sheville, Charters for the Grand Consistories of 
 Illinois and Indiana wei'e authorized to be issued, and to bear date of the 
 time of their institution. And on motion to amend by 111. -.Bro.-.MoCLENA- 
 CHAN, which was accepted by^ 111. -.Bro.-. Sheville, a similar authority was 
 granted to the Grand Consistory of Michigan, to date Oct. 30, 1866. 
 
 Hl.-.Bro.-. Barrett. Was substituted for 111. -.Bro.-. Currier, (who was tempo- 
 rarily absent), as a special committee to introduce the Ill.-.Bro -.Albert G. 
 GooDALL, Representative of several Foreign Supreme Councils, for the hearing 
 of his report, which, on the 13th inst., was made the special order for to-day 
 at 11 o'clock. 
 
90 ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED RITE, 
 
 We will now take up tlie proceedings of the Gouegas-Van 
 Eensselaer Council from 1860, at which time III. Beg. Kay- 
 MOND had closed that Council, sine die, and had retired from 
 it, leaving that body to pursue its own course. The mem- 
 bers of that Supreme Council had been well indoctrinated 
 by the teachings of De La Motte, who began in 1813 to 
 display his antics, by the establishment of a Supreme Coun- 
 cil in New York City in the face of the Cerneau Sup. Coun- 
 cil then existing and regularly acknowledged, having accom- 
 plished which, he expelled Joseph Ceeneau as an impostor 
 of the first magnitude, from every Masonic Asylum within the 
 Jurisdiction, and proclaimed that all those Symbolic Breth- 
 ren, and others, who have been raised by him, and his 
 associates, are declared irregular, and unlawful. (See 
 Doc. No. 17.) 
 
 He was followed by J. J. J. Gouegas, his former Clerk in 
 business, whom he had initiated, and made him his pliant 
 tool, in the prosecution of his unwarrantable and vindictive 
 proceedings. Next to them comes Giles Fonda Yates, the 
 scholar of Gouegas, and Edwaed A. Raymond, taught, and 
 fondled by both. 
 
 Added to these worthies, Chaeles W. Mooee and Killian 
 H. Van Eensselaee are not the least conspicuous, with the 
 noted Fitzgerald Tisdalb to bring up the rear. 
 
 A perusal of the proceedings of that body, so mixed up 
 with scurrility and invective, tends only to belittle Masonry 
 in the view of the outside world, and a person who is ac- 
 quainted with the teachings and pretensions of the Masonic 
 institution, is really humiliated, and disposed to turn from 
 the whole with disgust, and seek some other subject for re- 
 flection, from which he can derive profit and satisfaction. 
 
 But it appears that even the members of that Council had 
 become thoroughly dissatisfied with the extreme doctrines of 
 the De La Motte School, and were determined to bring 
 about a change. III. Beo. Raymond had assumed unwar- 
 rantable powers, in accordance with the Secret Constitutions, 
 and Van Eensselaer and his followers decided to follow in 
 the steps of the Ceeneau Council, by making their Officers 
 
FROM 1860 TO THE PRESENT TIME. Ql 
 
 elective triennially, and increasing the number of their active 
 members, thus abrogating its direct requirements. Knowing 
 this to be their settled plan, 111. Beg. Eaymond left, and the 
 Sup. Council adopted the change. 
 
 Strange to say, they advised with III. Beo. Gourgas in 
 their dilemma, who told them it would be proper to select 
 some Brother, an active member of the body, and put 
 him in the Chair, which they proceeded to accomplish by 
 requesting III. Beg. K. H. Van Eenssblaer to take the Chair, 
 which, being done, they proceeded with the transaction of 
 the regular business of the body. 
 
 The particulars of this body are fully given by III. Beg. 
 Raymond, in his address, under date of 1863, see page 9, and 
 it is not deemed necessary to repeat them here. After the 
 Committee consisting of III. Begs. Van Eensselaer, Chris- 
 tie and Starkweather, had visited III. Brg. Gourgas and 
 obtained his opinion, they reported to the Council, which 
 report was unanimously accepted, III. Bro. Van Rensselaer 
 took the Chair, opened the Council, and an Election was 
 then held, and the following 111. Brethren were chosen to fill 
 the several offices : 
 
 111. -.KiLLiAN H. Van Rensselaer, P. Lieut. Or. Commander. 
 C. R. Starkweather, Grand Minister of State. 
 John Christie, Grand Master of Ceremonies. 
 Archibald Bull, Grand Marshal. 
 Wm. B. Hdbbard, Grand Standard Bearer. 
 A Resolution passed unanimously, that, in view of the advanced age, and 
 physical infirmities of the present M. P. Sov. Gr. Comm., etc., that it is de- 
 manded by the best interests of the Rite, that the Council should, at an 
 early day, proceed to elect a M. P. Sov. Grand Commander. 
 
 Mat 15th, 1861. — The Sup. Gr. Council was opened in due form, P. Lieut. 
 Gr. Commander presiding. The number of Active Members of the Council 
 was increased to 33, and the following Brethren were admitted, and elevated 
 to the 33d degree, viz : 
 
 WiNSLOw Lewis, M. D., H. A. Johnson, 
 
 Wm. Pakkman, N. H. Gould, 
 
 W. S. Gardner, A. E. Stocker, M. D., 
 
 A. B. TH0MPS9N, . Geo. W. Deering. 
 
 On May 21st, 1861.— The Council deposed from the Office of Sov. Gr. Com- 
 
<jo ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED RTTE, 
 
 mander of this Comicil, Edward A. Eatmond, and proceeded to elect lu.., 
 Wm. B. Hubbabd, of Columbus, Ohio, to fill that ofEce. ITie office of Gr. 
 Treas. Gen., filled by Simon W. Robinson, was declared vacant, and the Comicil 
 proceeded to elect III. Beo. Wm. Pakkman as Gr. Treas. of the H. E. , III. 
 Bro. CHABiES W. SfooRE having resigned the oifice of Gr. Sec. Gen. of the H. 
 E.. 111. Bbo. Wixslow Lewis was elected in his stead, and III. Beo. Chaeles 
 W. lIooKE was elected to the office of Gr. Standard Bearer. 
 
 Mat 21st, 1862. — The annual Session of the Sup. Council was opened, K. H. 
 Tax Rensselaer acting as Sov. Gr. Commander, III. Chaeles W. Mooee as P. 
 Lieut. Gr. Commander, III. Winslow Lewis Gr. Sec. Gen., III. Wm. Pakkman 
 Gr. Treas. Gen., C. R. Staekweather Gr. Min. of State, and others. The fol- 
 lowing Brethren were exalted to the 33d degree and declared to be Honorary 
 Members of the Sup. Council, viz : 
 
 Hon. JosiAH H. Drummond, Hon. F. G. Tisdall, 
 
 William Sutton, N. B. Shurtleit, M. D., 
 
 Joseph D. Evans, Edwaed P. Burnham, M. D., 
 
 KoBT. H. Foss, N. A. Thompson. 
 
 C. A. Davis, D. B. Teacy, D. D , 
 
 Wm. p. Preble, John McClellan. 
 
 Joel Spalding, M. D., 
 The Sov. Gr. Commander addressed the Council concerning the general 
 routine business of the same. III. Bed. Wm. B. Hubbard and associates 
 made strenuous efforts to restore Peace and Harmony to the body, and the 
 sittings of the Council were continued several days, in the hope that III. Beo. 
 Raymond would meet with the Council. Their efforts were ineffectual, and 
 the Sov. Gr. Commander was deposed. 
 
 Immediately after the closing of the Sup. Council, in 1861, III. Bro. 
 Raymond, with the assistance and co-operation of the late Treasurer, Gen. 
 Robinson, conferred upon several individuals, the degrees of Kadosh, and 
 Sub. Pr. of the Royal Secret, and subsequently elevated them to the 33°, for 
 the purpose of forming a Sup. Gr. Council, and Sov. Gr. Consistory, after which 
 their labors were commenced. 
 
 Charges we're preferred against III. Bros. Rayjiond, Robinson, Wm. Fijeld, 
 Peter Lawson, Geoege II. Randall. Charles S. Westcott, and John A. Foster, 
 as aiding and abetting in the organization and working of a spurious and 
 clandestine body, and they were expelled. The Council proceeded to an 
 Election of M. P. Sov. Gr. Commander, resulting in the choice of III. K. H. 
 Van Rensselaer to that office. Also, III. Beo. Josiah H. Deummond, as P. 
 Lieut. Gr. Commander. 
 
 May 20th, 1863.— At this Annual Meeting, the following Brethren were 
 exalted to the 33d and last degree, viz. . 
 
 EoBEET Bernard Hall, Francis Darrar, 
 
 Charles Chase Dame, Rdfus Wharton Lander, 
 
 Samuel King Hutchinson, Charles Levi Woodbury, 
 
FROM 1860 TO THE PEESENT TIME. 93 
 
 Joseph Howell Hough, Jonathan Tyler Spaidino, 
 
 John Mott Arnold, Moses Dodqe, 
 
 Makshal Pinkney Wilder, Francis Asburt Black, 
 
 Wendel Thornton Davis, Charles Bingley Hall. 
 Charles Lemuel Church, 
 Timothy Biqelow Lawrence was healed from the Eaymond Council, and 
 
 elevated to the 33d and last degree. He was appointed as a Representative to 
 
 the several Sup. Councils wherever he might travel on the continent of 
 Europe. 
 
 The Sov. Gr. Commander's address was delivered, hut was wholly confined 
 to the increase and prosperity of the Eite. Several Consistories, Chapters, 
 Councils, and Lodges of Perfection, had been established, but the remaining 
 part of the proceedings were so filled and accompanied with irrevelant matter, 
 and malicious partizan documents, that it is thought they would not be of any 
 interest to the Brethren of the Eite. 
 
 May, 1864. — But very little was done at the Annual Meeting this year, on 
 account of the losses sustained by the Fire. The address of the Sov. Gr. 
 Comm. was short, indicating the harmony and prosperity of its subordinates 
 and earnest congratulation of the Brethren for their success in the work. The 
 most of the book is taken up with a long review and denunciation of the 
 Hayes-Raymond Council. It is omitted, because those very brethren, who were 
 the loudest and most strenuous in their denunciation of that Council, are now 
 the strongest supporters and admirers of the Raymond Council which was 
 formed after the dissolution of the Hdyes-Raymond Council. 
 
 1865 : Sup. Council. — There is nothing of interest in the Address of the 
 Sov. Gr. Commander this year. Union, Harmony, and Peace, he states, 
 prevail among the subordinate bodies, and the increase in numbers, and pros- 
 perity, is fully noticed. 
 
 TTie following Brethren of the Eite were elevated to the 33d degree, and 
 made Honorary Members of the Sup. Council, viz. : 
 
 III. Bro. Alfred Creigh, III. Bbo. James Washington Hess, 
 
 Wm. Wilson Baker, Wm. Henry Gale. 
 
 Edmund Dana Bancroft, 
 
 The usual routine business of the Council was proceeded with, and the body 
 closed its labors in Peace. 
 
 1866 : Sup. Gr. Council. — The Address of the Sov. Gr. Commander was full 
 of interest to the members of the Rite, containing much valuable information 
 relative to the Sup. Gr. Council of the Southern Jurisdiction, and personally of 
 HI. Bro. PIKE. Evidently wounded to the core by the denial of III. Bro. 
 Pike and the Southern Sup. Council to recognize thera, the Sov. Gr. Comm. 
 launches out in virulence, denunciation, and personalities altogether uncalled 
 for, and which never had a tendency to unite Brethren together who had been 
 before at variance. We shall omit any repetition of the offensive matter. 
 
94 A^'CIEXT AXD ACCEPTED EITE, 
 
 The following persons were exalted to the 33d degree, and made Honorary 
 Members of the Sup. Gr. Coraicil, viz. : 
 
 Besj. Feankidj Pateick, Ons TTrv rt Tiitant. 
 
 Henbt Collins Baksy, Jaubs Eastmax Johssox. 
 
 The Sup. Gr. Council proceeded in the Triennial Election of Officers, and 
 made choice of the following for the ensuing Three years, viz. : 
 
 HI. Bro. JosiAH H. Dkummoxd, P. Lieut. Gr. Commander. 
 
 Abxek B. Thompson, JJl. Treas. Gen. of the H. E. 
 Nathax B. Shietleff, 
 hoshes a. johsson, 
 
 ElTFUS W. L.tSDOS, 
 
 Bbsjamix Deax, 
 Krmax Elt, 
 
 Sec. Gen. of the H. E. 
 Gr. Min. of State. 
 " Master of Ceremonies. 
 ' ' Capt. of the Guards, 
 ' ' Marshal. 
 
 Chabues W. Mookb, '• " Standard Bearer. 
 
 Mat, 15th, 1867 ■ Sup. Gr. Couxcn,. — A very full Council assembled, with 
 M. P. Sov. Gk. Comsiasder K. H. Tax Bessselaee presiding, and the body 
 opened in ample form. 
 
 The Joint Committee of Conference of the two Gourgas bodies of the Anct. 
 and Ace. Scot. Eite in the Northern Jurisdiction of the United States of 
 America, recommend the settlement of the differences existing between the 
 two bodies upon the following terms : 
 
 1st. —There shall beon« Sup. Council of the A. .A. .Kite for theNorthern Juris- 
 diction of the United States, to be composed of the United Sup. Councils here- 
 tofore existing therein, (i. e., the resuscitated Eaymond Coimcil and the Van 
 Eensselaer Council,) the one having its Gr. East in New York and the other 
 having its Grand East in Boston, whose active members shall be Twenty- 
 Eight in number from each Council, and no more at the time of Union, in 
 order that the United Council shall have Fifty-Seven Sov. Gr. Ins. Gen., 
 which number may be hereafter increased at the pleasure of the Sup. Coimcil. 
 
 2d. — All action heretofore taken in expelling members from either Coundl, 
 etc., is hereby revoked. 
 
 3d.— All subordinate bodies to be deemed valid, etc. 
 
 10th.— The Grand Orient of this Jurisdiction shall be at Boston, etc. 
 
 11th. — One Annual Meeting, at least every 3 years, shall he held at Bos- 
 ton, etc. 
 
 12th. — Allowing the amendment of the Constitution by a two-thirds vote, 
 etc. See Proceedings 1867. 
 
 All of which was unanimously adopted by the Sup. CouncE and its honorary 
 members. 
 
 111. Bros. James Van Sandt Blaney and Charles Hiram Putnam were ad- 
 vanced to the 33d degree and were declared Hon. Members of the Sup. Gr. 
 Council. 
 
 HI. Bro. Frederick H. Dorr was advanced to the 33d degree, and made an 
 Honorary Member of the Sup. Council. 
 
 M. P. K. H. Van Eensselaer resigned his office of Sov. Gr. Comm. III. 
 
FKOM 1860 TO THE PRESENT TIME. 95 
 
 JosiAH H. Dbuiuiond was elected Sov. Gr. Commander. Iii. Hbmam Elt, Gr. 
 Treas. Gen. H. E. N. B. Shurtleff, Gr. Keeper of the Archives. H. Stamlet 
 Goodwin, Gr. Marshal. Kobekt H. Foss, Gr. Standard Bearer. 
 
 The Sup. Council, whose Grand East is in New York, elected the following 
 HI. Bro. JosiAH Hatden DRnHHQiiD, M. P. Sov. Gr. Ornmanier. 
 John L. Lewis, P. Lieut. Gr. Gomm. 
 Daniel Sickels, Gr. Sec'y. Gen. of the JB. E. 
 Elbridqe Gary Hamilton, Gr. Mae. of Oeremonies. 
 Clinton Fkeemax Paige, Gt. Min. of StaU. 
 Sastoel Cbockek Lawrence, Gr. Captain of the Guard. 
 
 A procession was then formed, and the members of this 
 Sup. Gr. Council proceeded to the Grand Lodge Hall, met 
 there in Convention with the members of the Resuscitated 
 Raymond Sup. Gr. Council whose Grand East was at New 
 York, and thereupon all united in organizing what was called 
 the 
 
 SuPEEME Council op Sov. Ge. Insp. Genl. 33d Degbee 
 Ancient Accepted Scottish Rite 
 
 FOB THE 
 
 NoBTHBEN Masonic Jubisdiction, U. S. A. 
 
 EsTo Peepbtua! 
 
 Deus Meumque Jus. 
 
 Mat 16th, 1867.— M. P. Sov. Gr. Commander, SmoN "W. 
 Robinson, resigned. 
 
 Thus these two Councils, separated since 1860, and since 
 that time antagonistic to each other, have come together, 
 and a Union has been consummated, doing away with all 
 former difficulties and differences, and forming One Grand 
 Council for the Northern Masonic Jurisdiction, which is the 
 legitimate successor of the old Gourgas Council, and possesses 
 all its rights, authorities and powers. It is true that the 
 Council, as thus formed, was composed of discordant mate- 
 rials. There were extremes of all sorts, and to look at them 
 as they stood, one would be apt to imagine that such an 
 Union could not last for any length of time. 
 
 The question naturally presents itself, viz: How was 
 
gg ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED RITE, 
 
 this extraordinary Union brouglit about ? There were many- 
 things about it that were, to say the least, mysterious. "Who, 
 in the first instance, made the bargain ? And what was the 
 consideration ^ "Who proposed to dissolve the Union Coun- 
 cil, and who assented to the dissolution ? The vote was said 
 to be unanimous, and yet many of the Active Members 
 knew nothing about it untU the thing was done. Who in- 
 duced III. Bko. Hayes to resign, while he was laying upon 
 a sick bed, and what was the consideration ? Who assented 
 to the re-formation of the Raymond Council, leaving the 
 Cekneau Council members to take care of themselves ? 
 
 These are important questions relating to this matter, and 
 there are many members of the Ceeneau Council who can 
 answer them if they are disposed to do so. 
 
 On the Raymond side, the game was all in their own hands, 
 and well they played their parts. They desired to " crush 
 out " the Ceeneau Council, and as far as the members of the 
 Ceeneau Council who were present were concerned, they 
 were successful. But if it is supposed for a moment that 
 they have consummated this act, they are grievously mis- 
 taken. There are a great many members of the Ceeneau 
 Council who were not present at that transaction, and knew 
 nothing of it, and the Spuit of the body is not crashed, but 
 the flame still burns, and the desire is strong among them 
 to-day, to gather together as Ceeneau men, and with zeal 
 and unflinching courage, go on with the legitimate work. 
 That Council is not dead ; it has only "lost its vitality" by 
 being left out in the cold. 
 
 But happily for that body, the members had become wise. 
 The Articles of Union agreed upon, made it obligatory, that 
 the number of Active Members of the Supreme Coimcil 
 should be Fifty-Six, and not be increased beyond Sixty-Six. 
 They also make all the Officers of the Council Elective, tri- 
 ennially, and to be chosen from the body of the Active 
 Members. The Sov. Gr. Comm. is stripped of all his arbi- 
 trary powers, and becomes simply the Executive officer of 
 the body, his decisions may be appealed from, and the will of 
 the members in majority must be obeyed. All vacancies in 
 
FROM 1860 TO THE PRESENT TIME. 97 
 
 Offices must be filled by Election, not by appointment, and 
 the power of naming a Successor by the Sov. Gr. Com- 
 mander is banished and forgotten. 
 
 In other words, they have buried out of sight the noted 
 Secret Constitutions of Fbedekic op Prussia, and have made 
 a Constitution to suit themselves. This alone will insure for 
 this Supreme Council, long continued harmony among its 
 members, and lead them toward the goal to which the Order 
 is aiming, as expressed in her Salutation — " Union, Content- 
 ment, Wisdom — the next being Union, Stability, Power. 
 
 We have now to take up this Sup. Gr. Council as it is, 
 and carry it through a period of twelve years. As every- 
 thing connected with it has gone on prosperously, there is 
 very little to be said or written. The routine business of the 
 body has been well and faithfully attended to, and com- 
 plaints are not known. The degrees of the Eite are conferred 
 in a masterly manner ; all the bodies are very fully attended ; 
 the interest of initiates is greatly increasing, and the Treas- 
 ury is, by no means, poor. Extravagance in expenditure is 
 avoided, and a conservative spirit prevails. This short and 
 very general description must suffice, as the detail of the 
 transactions would be monotonous — quite uninteresting, and 
 would swell the present volume to fourfold its present size. 
 The transactions are printed annually ; every member of the 
 Eite can obtain a copy, and all that is wanting to be known 
 can readily be found there. 
 
 Following the Union of the previous year, the Officers of 
 the Sup. Council were as follows : 
 
 lU. Bro. JosiAH H. Drcmmond, M. P. Sov. Gr. Commander. 
 Chakles Levi Woodbury, P. Lieut. Gr. Commander. 
 Heman Ely, Gr. Treas. General. 
 Daniel Siokels, Gr. Sec. General. 
 Nathaniel B. SHxmTLErF, Or. Keeper of the Archives. 
 Clinton F. Paige, Gr. Min. of State. 
 Samuel C. Lawrence, Or. Capt. of the Guard. 
 Elbridge G. Hamilton, Ch-. Mas. of Ceremonies. 
 Homer S. Goodwin, Gr. Marshal General. 
 Robert H. Foss, Gr. Standard Bearer. 
 
 The Offices of the Sup. Gr. Council were filled during the 
 
98 ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED BITE, 
 
 following Twelve years with very little change. 111. Bro. 
 Drummond having been re-elected to the Commandership 
 Three times. In 1879, he was succeeded by HI. Bro. JIenet 
 L. Palmeb, who is now Sov. Gr. Commander. During this 
 time, there have been elevated to the Thirty-third and last 
 degree about Two Hundred 111. Br. who have been made 
 Honorary Members of the Council, a full list of whom 
 ■will be found in the Tableau for 1880, attached to the 
 proceedings of that year, numbering about Three Hundred 
 in the different States of the Jurisdiction. 
 
 The Permanent Fund of the Sup. Gr. Council is now very 
 little less than Twenty Thousand Dollars — all from the 
 Initiation fees of Candidates for the 33d degree. 
 
 There are over One Hundred and Eighty bodies scattered 
 through the different States of the Jurisdiction, as Consis- 
 tories, Councils, Chapters, and Lodges — all fuUy attended, 
 and making regular Annual returns. 
 
 The Sup. Gr. Council for 1881 stands as follows : 
 
 111. Bro. Henry L. Palmer. M. P. Sov. Gr. Commander. 
 
 Charles Levi Woodbort, F. O. Lieui. Oommander. 
 
 Joseph Davis Evans, Gr. Min. of State. 
 
 Heman Ely, Or. Ireas. Gen. of the H. E. 
 
 Clikton Freeman Paige, Or. Sec. Gen. of the S. E. 
 
 Samuel Crocker Lawrence, Or. K. of the Archives. 
 
 Charles Thompson McClenachan, Gr. Mas. of Ceremonies. 
 
 Homer Stanley Goodwin, Or. Marshal General. . 
 
 William Riley Hiqby, Gr. Standard Bearer. 
 
 George Otis Tyler, Gr. Capt. of the Guards. 
 
 Thomas E. Lambert, D. D., Ctr. Prior. 
 
 J. H. Hobart Ward, Marshal of Camp. 
 
 Charles E. Meyer, " " 
 
 Hugh MoCurdy, " " 
 
 There are Fourteen Deputies of the Sup. Council, viz. : 
 One in each State of the Jurisdiction. 
 
 Every member of the Eite can obtain a copy of the Annual 
 Proceedings of each year, which contain full information of 
 all the events occurring in the body, with a very large 
 amount of valuable information. 
 
FKOM 1860 TO THE PRESENT TIME. 99 
 
 We will now take up the history of the Cerneau Supreme Council from the 
 dissolution of the Hays-Eaymond Council in 1864, and continue the same down 
 to the present time. 
 
 The only member of the old Cemeau Council of 1860 who did not partici- 
 pate in, or consent to, this Union was 111. Benjamin C. Leveridge, Grand Minister 
 of State, who, prior to said Union, and in consequence of his disapproval 
 thereof, resigned. 
 
 After the dissolution of the Union in 1864-5, 111. Harry J. Seymour called 
 together these Inspectors General of the Hayes-Cerneau body who did not 
 unite themselves with tlie resuscitated Eaymond Council, and formed a Su- 
 preme Council, which continued to hold meetings and transact business up to 
 1880, when the same was reorganized, and 111. H. J. Seymour resigned his 
 office of Sov. Grand Com. to 111. William H. Peckham, who has previously held 
 the offices of Treasurer General and Deputy Grand Com. The following is a 
 copy of the Instrument by which this transfer of Authority was effected : 
 
 Decs Meumqde Jus. Okdo ab Chad. 
 
 In the Name op the Sdpkeme Architect op the Ukiveesb. 
 
 To all to whom these presents shall come greeting : 
 
 Whereas, I, Harry J. Seymour, Sov. Grand Inspector General of the Supreme 
 Grand Council, 33d and last degree of the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Kite 
 for the United States of America, its Territories and Dependencies, am Most 
 Potent Sovereign Grand Commander of the Same, and 
 
 Whereas, William H. Peckham has been duly chosen and installed by me, 
 the Illustrious Deputy Grand Commander of the Supreme Council thereof, 
 whose Orient is under the C.-.C.-.of the Z.-., near the B. B., answering to 40 
 deg. 42 min. and 40 sec. N. L., and 2 deg. min. and 51 sec. E. Ion., meridian 
 of Washington City, and 
 
 Whereas, I for valid and sufficient reasons am desirous of resigning and 
 relinquishing my said office of Most Potent Sovereign Grand Commander of 
 the said Sup. Council, and all my power and authority as such, from whatever 
 source derived, and all other offices, authorities and powers incident or apper- 
 taining thereto, and 
 
 Whereas, I have consulted with the members of said Rite, and with the 
 Sovereign Grand Consistory thereof as to the most suitable person to succeed 
 me in said office, powers and authorities, and they have without dissent acqui- 
 esced in and approved of the selection hereinafter expressed, (although the 
 seeking of such acquiescence and approval was an act of grace on my part, 
 and was not necessary or matter of right.) 
 
 Now, therefore, these Presents witness that I have, and hereby do, in the 
 presence of said Sovereign Grand Consistory, relinquish and forever resign my 
 office of Most Potent Sovereign Grand Commander of the Ancient and Accepted 
 Scottish Rite for the United States of America, its Territories and Dependencies, 
 and all my power and authority as such, from whatever sdurce derived, and 
 all other offices, authorities and powers incident or appertaining thereto, 
 and that I have and hereby do make, constitute and appoint William H 
 
loo ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED RITE, 
 
 Peokliam, of the city of New York, my successor in and to said office, powers 
 and authorities, and do hereby invest him, and convey and transfer to him, 
 the said office of Most Potent Sovereign Grand Commander of the Supreme 
 Council of the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Bite for the United States of 
 America, its Territories and Dependencies, and all the power and authority as 
 such, which I now have or ever have had, from whatever source derived, and 
 also all other offices, authorities and powers incident or appertaining thereto, 
 to have and to hold the same unto the said William H. Peckham and his 
 successors for ever. 
 
 And I do hereby promise and declare that I have not done or performed any 
 act, deed or thing whereby my power to carry out and perform the tenor and 
 effect of these presents is impaired or in any way diminished, and that I 
 hereby cancel, revoke and annul any and all appointments to the said office of 
 said Most Potent Sovereign Grand Commander heretofore made by me, to take 
 effect at my death or otherwise, and hereby declare the same to be null and 
 void, and any such appointment or appointments shall be delivered up to be 
 cancelled to said William H. Peckham, or his successor and successors, and I do 
 hereby further promise and declare that I will at all times do, perform, make 
 and execute any act, deed or thing which may be demanded of me by said 
 William H. Peckham, or his successor or successors, for the purpose of confirm- 
 ing these presents, and sustaining and perpetuating the said William H. 
 Peckham, and his successor and successors in the office, authorities and powers 
 aforesaid. 
 
 Done at the City of New York, County and State of New York, this twenty- 
 second day of June, in the year one thousand eight hundred and eighty of the 
 Christian Era. 
 
 HAKRY J. SEYMOUR, [l. s.] 
 Sealed and delivered in { If. P. Sov. Gr. Cbmmander. 
 
 the presence of I 
 
 Chakles F. Beck, 33°. 
 
 , The Supreme Council as at present existing is given below, together with a 
 roster of the Sublime Princes of tlie Royal Secret, 32°, giving it allegiance, 
 which has been furnished to the Author by the politeness of the Grand Secre- 
 tary General, with a request that the same be herein inserted, and inasmuch 
 as it forms a part of the history of the Rite, the Author has acceded to such 
 request. 
 
 SUPREME COUNCIL.— March, 1881. 
 111. Wm. H. Peckham, P. M., M. P. Sov. Gr. Com. 
 
 Danl. M. Van Cott, D. D. G. M., P. Lt. Gr. Cam. 
 Chas. F. Beck, P. E. C, Gr. Min. of State. 
 F. R. S. Drake, D. D. G. M., Gr. Orator. 
 H. W. P. HODSON, D. D. G. M., Gr. Prior. 
 Wm. J. MoDoNAU), P. M., Gr. Chancellor. 
 Thomas Bell, P. M., O. Sec. Gen. 
 
FKOM 1860 TO THE PBESENT TIME. 
 
 101 
 
 Theodore M. Leonakd, P. E. C, Or. Treas. Gen. 
 
 Jas. S. Fbaser, p. M., Gr. Mar. Gm. 
 
 John L. Pipek, P. M., Gr. Mas. Gen. of Cer. 
 
 Hehry Arden, Gr. Standard Bearer. 
 
 George R. Bevans, P. M., Gr. Capt. of Guard. 
 
 S. W. E. Beckner, P.-M. Gr. Hospitaller. 
 
 George W. Homans, P. E. C, Gr. K. of S. & A. 
 
 James P. Swain, Jr., P. M., Gr. Seneschal. 
 
 Frazieb W. ^VB.ijBVKi,Z&° , Deputy fdr State of New York, 
 
 Benjamin C. Levbridge, Past Gr. M. of S. (Honorary.) 
 
 SOV. GE. INSP. GEN. 
 Provost S. Haines, Henry M Clark, Chas. D. Brown, 
 James H. Turner, Alex. B. Mott, M. D. 
 
 John W. Warth, Asst. Gr. Mas. of Ceremonies. 
 John Hanna, Asst. Sec. Gen. 
 
 DEP. INSP. GENL. 33°. 
 Stephen M. Wright, G. Eep, G. L. Kansas, Wm. H. Bilby, 0. F. Anderson, 
 
 Arthur W. Dudley, 
 H. S. Sproull, Alonzo Stivers, James McGkath, John H. Cunningham, Noble 
 F. Martin, L. F. Shepard, Thomas Picton, Adam Kunkel, 
 
 Fred. Guqel, Jr., H. E. Dubois. 
 
 MEMBERS OF SOV. GR. CONSISTORY 320. 
 
 James Anderson, P. M. , 
 B. F. Adams, 
 George L. Ames, 
 Martin Anderson, 
 Wm. H. Arkell, 
 August Ahrens, 
 Warren G. Abbott, 
 J?.mes Aitcheson, 
 Lewis J. Austin, 
 'J'heodore J. Armstrong, 
 
 A. L. Ackeiman, 
 S. T. Bangs, 
 Adolph Bernd, 
 
 J. W. Bowden, P. M., 
 Wm. M. Bibbitt, 
 Fredk. A. Baldwin, 
 Charles W. Burroughs, 
 Russell G. Burroughs, 
 Ed. Buckhout, 
 
 B. Beringall, 
 F. Bode, 
 Alfred C. Bunce, 
 
 C. W. Beames, M. D., 
 Frank L. Brown, 
 Geoi'ge Barnes, 
 
 Thos. L. Browning, P. M., 
 P. H. P., 
 
 Joseph A. Britton, 
 
 R. C. Baker. 
 
 Elias B. Baldwin, P. M., 
 
 John Bj'ers, 
 
 W. W. Rancher, 
 
 C. L. Blood, 
 
 D. S, Banks, 
 John Bowen, 
 Alonzo Bray, 
 J. R. Brown, 
 Jus. E. Briggs, 
 Thos. E. Bradshaw, 
 John M. Burt, 
 
 C. J. Blevin, 
 L. F. Barrv, 
 P. D. Baldwin, 
 John J. Burchel, 
 J. H. Blakeslee, 
 F. W. Booker, 
 
 F. A. Butler, 
 Wm. H. Butler, 
 
 G. W. Bryant, 
 G. E. Barker, 
 
 S. D. Biirchard, Jr., 
 S. A. Bates, 
 H. J. Boldt, 
 H. T. Barlow, 
 
 S. S. Bogert, 
 
 E. W. Bradley, 
 
 J. C. Baldwin, 
 
 E. C. Berekuiann, 
 
 G. Bain, 
 
 G F. Beattv, P. M., P. H. 
 
 P., P. E. C, 
 John Brockie, 
 Joseph Clark, 
 David C. Curtis, 
 W. R. Carr, 
 Joseph Clark, 
 M. A. Campbell, 
 J. R. Conner, 
 A. Carson, 
 E. W. Clarke, 
 J. S. Cassidy, 
 J. Cannif, 
 J. C. Cady, 
 J. W. Clough, 
 John Clark, 
 E. M. Courtwright, 
 Wm. Collins, 
 C. H. Crawford, 
 J. A. Coikey, 
 Charles Cook, 
 James Cody, 
 
102 
 
 ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED KITE, 
 
 G. W. Church, 
 
 J. A. Cook, 
 
 C. R. Churchill, 
 
 A. T. Curran, 
 
 Sanford C. Durland, 
 
 J. B. Dobelmann, 
 
 J. W. Drost, 
 
 K B. Disbrow, 
 
 W. A. De Witt, 
 
 J. M. Dearborn 
 
 J. Dennis, 
 
 F. T. Da%'is, 
 
 A. J. Dalton, 
 
 J. VV. Davis, 
 
 C. H. Davis, 
 
 E. A. Deveau, 
 J. Douglass, 
 J. Du Bois, 
 
 F. E Davis, 
 W. A. Duncan, 
 
 K. H, Duinbleton, 
 
 C. D. Dean. 
 
 W. Durland, Jr., 
 W. D. Ellis, 
 W. W. Everett, 
 H. J. Emerson, 
 "W. P. Elliott, 
 W. Elrlridge, 
 Theo. Euphrat, 
 
 G. A. Ellis, 
 J. B. Ewing, 
 
 D. W. Erskine, 
 J. M. Foss, 
 
 Feiring, 
 
 J. J. Fox, 
 
 Chas. Forbes, P. M., P. 
 
 H. P., P. E. C. 
 C. E. Fowler, 
 L. W. Filkins, 
 J. Falvella, 
 J. J. Fredericks, 
 W. G. Fox, 
 Jose Eamon Ferrer, 
 
 E. M. Fletcher, 
 Joseph Faulkner, 
 
 F. E. Francisco, 
 T. Goerck, 
 
 F. W. GosBwein, 
 Alex. T. Graham, 
 Wm. T. Gieselberg, 
 Wm. Gail, 
 M. H. Gowdy, 
 T. E. Garson, 
 F, G. Grant, 
 S. Greenman, 
 H. T. Gesner, 
 Wm. Gregory, 
 W. J. Gage, 
 Aneelo Gallo, 
 0. H. Gallup, 
 
 Alex Graham, 
 J. J. Griffin, 
 Geo. J. Green, 
 G. W. Heritage, 
 J. H. Hayward, 
 K. C. Hacidel, 
 
 E. H. Hilchen, 
 Wm. Holden, 
 Allen Hay, Jr., 
 
 F. D. Harrison, 
 M. Hereman, 
 J. K. Hall, 
 
 R. L. Higgins, 
 
 F. Heinze^ 
 L. Heupt, 
 
 J. E. Henderson, 
 
 S. M. Hook, P. M. 
 
 P. W. Holmgren, 
 
 H. Hutchinson, 
 
 P. F. D. Hibbs, P. M., P. 
 
 H. P., 
 A. Hogl, 
 
 H. F. Herkner, P. M., 
 J. S. Hamilton, 
 Jos. Henderson, 
 A. F. Herdt, 
 E. Hoagland, 
 ML. G. Hill, 
 Alexl Hansen, 
 Stephen Hubbard, 
 J. W. Holmes, 
 Manuel J. Hanna, 
 George Herbert, 
 S. E. Hough, 
 A. B. Hebard, 
 Jas. Holian, P. M., 
 H. J. Humphrey, 
 
 G. B. Hebard, 
 
 Cyrus 0. Hubbell, D. D. 
 
 G. M., 
 J. A. Holmes, 
 J. 0. Halsey, P. M., 33°, 
 Thomas Hill, 
 Geo. E. Hickey, 
 Major Irwin, 
 Thos. Irwin. P. M., 
 Levi J. Isaacs, P. M., 
 John G. Jenny, 
 T. W. Jaquin, 
 W. J. Jenliins, 
 L. C. Johnston, 
 W. R. Jackson, 
 J. J. Jordan, 
 Geo. W. James, P. M., 
 Aug. Edw. Kessels, 
 S. E. Kirkpatrick, 
 Alex. Kinnear, 
 N. Kautwartz, 
 James Kennedy, 
 G. S. Keller, 
 
 James H. Kelly, 
 
 A. Klinkenstein, 
 C. V. Kenison, 
 David Kells, 
 Romeo Kingsley, 
 C. L. Ketchum, 
 
 H. 0. Lesquerieux, 
 W. Litzenburg, 
 W. H. Denling, 
 J. M. Lawder, 
 Wm. Lawson, 
 
 B. J. Levy, 
 Eugene C. Lereux, 
 Benjamin Levy, 
 G. W. Lovatt, 
 
 E. N. Little, 
 
 H. T. Lounsbury, P. M., 
 Em'l Leo svenstein, P. M., 
 
 P. H. P., 
 John T. Logan, P. M., 
 George W. Lawrence, 
 
 C. M. Leavcraft, 
 Elijah Laws, U. S. N., 
 John Liest, 
 
 John McCormick, 
 Henry Morgan. 
 John Murphy, 
 A. J. Murray, P. M., 
 Daniel Morrison, 
 Silas Merrifield, 
 A. J. McGarvey, 
 Elisha Minneriy, 
 C. F. Millard, 
 Peter E. Marion, 
 Alex. W. Murray, 
 Henry C. Miner, 
 W. H. Morris, 
 P. W. Mead, 
 Bernhard Moses, 
 Judah Moses, 
 James McDonough, 
 James G. McMurray, 
 R. B. Morrison. P. M., 
 Stephen Merritt, P.M., 
 Wm. McDonough, 
 Frank McGee, P. M., P.H. 
 
 P-, 
 James S. Manning, 
 Alex. M. McKean, 
 J. P. Mulqueeny, P. M., 
 Dan Mitchell, 
 George S. Mainel, 
 
 F. C. Miessgellar, 
 James Milligan, 
 George Michel, 
 John F. Moore, 
 J. B. McDonald, 
 John R. Merritt, 
 C. A. MacCabe, 
 
 J. H. McClellan, 
 
FROM 1860 TO THE PRESENT TIME. 
 
 103 
 
 Hopper S. Mott, 
 Justin McCarthy, 
 John T. Martin, 
 John McDonald, 
 
 F. W. Martins, 
 Win. G. Milligan, 
 Kenneth McKenzie, P.M., 
 Joseph L. Mundy, 
 James Mathewson, 
 
 Jos. Nash, P.M., P. H. P., 
 
 Gustav Niehring, 
 
 E\ W. Noroross, 
 
 lit-nry Niehoff, 
 
 Thomas Orr, 
 
 C. H. Ostrander,, 
 
 G. 0. Osliorrie, 
 Charles A. Piercy, 
 John A. Patterson, 
 Robt. W. Pain, P. M., 
 E. J. Parisot, 
 
 CD. Fierce, 
 
 B. P. Prescott, P. M., 
 Alfred B. Price, G. Rep. 
 
 G. L., I. T., 
 M. S. Pixley, 
 John C. Peckham, 
 David Pearl, 
 Ambrose Pendleton, 
 Henry Purviss, 
 Henry R. Price, 
 A. W. Pendleton, 
 Ralph E. Prime, P. M., 
 
 P. H. P., 
 John Pfisterer, 
 James K. Price, 
 Charles A. Parkinson, 
 R. A. M. Paterson, 
 Calvin L. Quimhy, 
 Joseph Qiiackenhush, 
 John Reuner, 
 Bobt. Roberts, W. M., 
 H. B. Rhodes, Jr. 
 Wm. W, Robacher, 
 Charles E. Rankin, 
 
 C. A. Bobbins, 
 James A. Rich, 
 Ed. C. Ricketts, 
 Frank Redway, 
 Joseph T. Rice, P. H. P., 
 John H. Russell, 
 
 J. H. Robertson, 
 J. F. Ruempler, 
 M. L. Ritchie, 
 S. W. Rowland, 
 
 A. M. Robertson, 
 
 C. H. Robertson, 
 George W. Raymond, 
 James P, Eobertson, 
 Charles Reed, 
 
 Fred. A. Eowe, 
 
 John Reilly, 
 
 Robert H. Racey, 
 
 L. Rohdenburg, 
 
 Patrick Ryan, 
 
 Wm. Robinson, 
 
 Nap. B. Eemley, 
 
 James Robinson, 
 
 Chas. HIee. 
 
 J. P. Solomon, P. M., P. 
 
 H. P., 
 James Scott, P. M., 
 Geo. S. Scolley, 
 John Spanenberger, 
 Jas. W. Storey, P. M., P. 
 
 H. P.. P. E. C, 
 V. W. Smith, 
 H. 0. Stratton, 
 Wm. Smyer, 
 Wm. H. Sterling. 
 Jere. T. Smith, 
 John Stewart, 
 Theo. E. Swift, 
 Fred. B Stuart, 
 James M Sanders, 
 H. P. Stein. 
 Louis Schwarz, 
 
 D. S. Skinner. M. D., 
 0. K. Scofield, 
 John L. Swain, 
 Chas. E. Stockford. 
 Robert A. Simpson, 
 John Spence, P. M., 
 John Stewart, 
 Richard Shepard, 
 Charles Syme, 
 
 J. D. Sdckney, 
 Charles D. Shepard, 
 
 E. M. Stoddard, 
 Wm. H. Smith, 
 Wm. Shipsey, P. M., 
 Ed. T. Stuart, 
 
 H. C. Sageman, 
 Fred. B Staats, 
 Wm. Sadlier, Jr., 
 Thos. S. Stanton, 
 Morris Spiegel, 
 John B. Sallman, 
 John Stewart, 
 
 Henry Sohmid, 
 
 A. J. Tartiss, 
 Francis W. Thompson, 
 Hiram Thomkel, 
 
 H. R. Turner, 
 
 John Thompson, 
 
 Wm. Tate, 
 
 Andrew J. Thomas, 
 
 Isaac H Terrell, 
 
 Wm. E. Tobias, 
 
 Chas. H. Talley, 
 
 John Vickers, 
 
 S. M. Vredenburgh, 
 
 J. F. Valentine, 
 
 E. B. Valentine, P.M., 
 
 V. L. Voorhees, 
 
 J. E. Van Dorn. 
 
 C. Van Valkenburgh, 
 
 Geo. M. Van Buren, 
 
 Henry Veit, 
 
 Henry S. Vroom, 
 
 David Van Cleaf, Jr. 
 
 Lewis E. Warren , 
 
 J. T. Williams. 
 
 Elijah N. Wilson, 
 
 Geo. A. Wharry, P. M. 
 
 Ira A. Whitman, 
 
 Ed. H. Warker, 
 
 Geo. W. White, P. H. P, 
 
 J. H. Weastel. 
 
 C. W. Von Wallmerich, 
 
 G. G. Von Wallmerich, 
 
 John Wilson, 
 
 John H. Wood, P. M. 
 
 Frank W. Wiley, 
 
 Theo. Wilcox, 
 
 Frank W. White, 
 
 Chas. A. Wooten, 
 
 B. P. Watson, 
 Rufus N. Waller, 
 Jas. Walker, 
 
 W. N. Waterbury, 
 J. J. Waterbury, P. M., 
 John H. Warren, 
 Salomon Wisthorne, 
 J. H. Wolfe, 
 Irving J. Woodin, 
 John C. Williamson, 
 " Gus WiUiMms," 
 Geo. H. Wildman, 
 Nath. H. White, 
 Benjamin Wheeler, 
 H. D. F. Young. 
 
 UTICA CONSISTORY, 32°. 
 111. John H. Chnninoham, P. M. P. E.G., 33°. Com.-in-Chi^. 
 Noble F. Martin, 33°, \st U. Cam. 
 L. H. Shattuok, 32°, 2(i " " 
 
104 AN'CIEXT AND ACCEPTED. KITE, 
 
 H. J. CoGGESHALL. 32°. Mm. of S. and Gr. 0. 
 
 M. A. McKee, p. M , 32", Gr. Chan. 
 
 E. P. BiBDsEYE, 32'', &r. .Sec. 
 
 A. D. Chase. 32". •' Trean. 
 
 A. R. Ea.st3ia.\, p. il.. 32". 6^. £»!^. ami ^rcA. 
 
 John Cummisgs. Je. . 32''. " Bbsp. 
 
 E. L. AKEHrEST. 32". Or. 3fnMer of Ceremonia. 
 
 Danl. T. Eveets, 32", C. of G. 
 
 H. C. Weltox, 32". Gr. Standard Bearer. 
 
 L. F. Shepakd, 33", Senlind. 
 
 S. P. E. S., 32" 
 
 Theodore H. Schtlze, T. S. Geiffiths, T. V. Le Eot, Claude Wnsos, 
 JoHx W HowARTH, W. H. C'LOHER, Je., F. H. IIarkoe, T. E. Peoctob, 
 A. J. Chiids. C. W. Hackett. Wm. Peime, H. W. Pell, Geo. D. Dinos, 
 pL S. Eetsolds, Hesey C. Welto}.. 
 
 CTICA LODGE OF PEBFECTION. 
 
 Heset C. Weltos. 32', Thric: Folenl Gr. MaAer. 
 
 William H. i lohee, Jr,. 32". Hiram of Tyre Depi., Gr. ManUr. 
 
 William Peime. 32". Venerable ■'•mirjr Gr. Warden. 
 
 T. :?0LIjMOS (JEIITITH, 
 
 32", •■ Junior "* 
 
 F. H. JIaekok. 32=. 
 
 6-'r. Orator. 
 
 A. D. Ch.«e, 32^ 
 
 " 7rOT». 
 
 Eurua P. Bieu-eyk, 3. 
 
 2= •• Sk. and K.of .H. and A 
 
 E. L. AKEHIE.ST. 32"'. 
 J. W. HOWARTH. 32=, 
 
 T. V. Le EOT, 32'-. 
 C. W. Hackett, 32-', 
 
 • ' Maiter of Ceremoniei. 
 " Captam of tJte Guard. 
 ' ' Hospitable Brother. 
 
 itutedFA. 9. '81. 
 
 
 This Council is the legitimate successor of the Cemean 
 Supreme Council, which wag disbanded in 1863, upon the 
 formation of the Union, and as such possesses all the at- 
 tributes, powers and authority which the Cemeau-Hayes 
 Council possessed at that time. 
 
 On the other , hand the present Council of the Northern 
 •Jurisdiction under the command of 111. Henry S. 'Palmer, is 
 the legitimate successor of the Eaymond-Gourgas CouncU, 
 which was likewi>e disbanded upon the formation of said 
 Union, and as such possesses aU the attributes, powers and 
 authority which the Eaymond Council possessed at that time, 
 and none other. 
 
 Tbe question therefore as to the paramount authority of 
 these Eival Councils is to-day in the same position it occu- 
 pied in 1S62. and to the consideration of that question the 
 Author refers the reader to a careful perusal of the prior 
 pages of this work, in which a full and exhaustive discussion 
 of the controversy will be found.