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CORNELL 
 
 UNIVERSITY 
 LIBRARY 
 
 FINE ARTS LIBRARY 
 
NA7366.B9V56'l87r''''''"^ 
 ^ MmuiiiiMim"* domestic edifices of Bruges; 
 
 3 1924 015 220 100 
 
sV-A 
 
 '■^^ 
 
 Cornell University 
 Library 
 
 The original of tiiis book is in 
 tiie Cornell University Library. 
 
 There are no known copyright restrictions in 
 the United States on the use of the text. 
 
 http://www.archive.org/cletails/cu31924015220100 
 
THE 
 
 ANCIENT DOMESTIC EDIFICES 
 
 OF BRUGES 
 
Originally published at Bruges in the « Annates de la Societe d'Emulation 
 jpour I'etude de I'histoire et des antiquites de la Flandre », 3'* series, Vol. VI, 
 1871, under the title of « Les anciens architectes de Bruges, avee planches 
 representant les princvpales constructions qu'ils ont executees en cette ville ». 
 
 4 Copies numbered and signed have been printed on parchment paper ; 
 the plates in bistre, on India paper. 
 
 20 Copies numbered and signed have been printed on vellum paper; the 
 plates in bistre, on India paper. 
 
 N° It of the 20 copies on vellum paper. 
 
 Uw. iJil:<»jCSis<^ 
 
 Bruges, printed by Edw. Gailliard & C" 
 
THE ANCIENT 
 
 DOMESTIC EDIFICES 
 
 OP B-RUCkES 
 
 SPECIMENS 
 
 PROM DRAWINGS TAKEN ON THE SPOT 
 
 CHARLES VERSCHELDE 
 
 ARCHITECT 
 
 BRUaES 
 BEYABRT-DEPOORT, BOOKSELLER 
 
 DEALER IN ANCIENT AND MODERN PICTVEES 
 
 1875 
 
A J2tr 
 
 ^CORNELL^s 
 
 UNIVERSITY 
 LIBRARY/ ^ 
 
PREFACE 
 
 Since the revival of Mediaeval Art in the countries of Western 
 Europe, a considerable number of works have been published on 
 the Ecclesiastical, Civil and Military Architecture of the Middle 
 Ages; in the midst of this almost general reaction in favour of 
 Mediaeval Art, the really national art of our country, an important 
 branch of Architecture has remained in the background, that 
 however which imparted to our old cities their elegant and pictu- 
 resque character, we mean, Domestic Architecture, the remaining 
 examples of which are so much admired in the few cities of Europe 
 that can still boast of old houses. Doubtless it is to the small 
 number of specimens still remaining that this lamentable deficiency 
 is to be ascribed; in the hopes of at least partly supplying it, we 
 commenced some time back a collsction of drawings of the most 
 remarkable constructions of that period yet to be seen in the town 
 of Bruges, so renowned all over Europe for its numerous civil edifices 
 of past centuries. 
 
— 6 — 
 
 We now offer to tlie public and especially to those architects 
 and other artists, who apply themselves to the study of Medieval 
 Art, this album of forty plates, drawn on the spot from the original 
 monuments, accompanied by details which will we think prove 
 useful to those engaged in the restoration or rebuilding of edifices 
 of this description. 
 
 We hope thus to contribute in at least some small degree to the 
 revi-sal of our truly national art, and we trust to see some one else 
 take up this work for the other towns of Flanders that can still boast 
 of specimens of their old domestic architecture. 
 
 0. V. 
 
THE 
 
 ANCIENT DOMESTIC EDIFICES 
 
 OF BRUGES 
 
 FROM DRAWINGS TAKEN ON THE SPOT 
 
 The plates, wliicli accompany tlie present notice, are not drawn 
 to a uniform scale, as the reader will have already noticed; on the one 
 hand it would have been extremely difficult, if not impossible, to take 
 the exact measure of many of these house-fronts, on account of the 
 sometimes inaccessible positions they occupy; on the other hand, 
 the adoption of a uniform scale would have compelled us to reduce 
 the small constructions, such as the Gothic house in the Molen- 
 Meersch (pi. VIII), the oriel-window in the Flemish street (pi. V), 
 the door of S' Julian's asylum (pi. XXIX), etc. to such very small 
 proportions, that it would have been impossible to convey a clear 
 idea of them. "We have reproduced on a larger scale the mouldings 
 which enclose, either the gables, or the windows of the house-fronts 
 which we illustrate; this will furnish an idea of the section of the 
 brick or stone-work, and serve more or less as a guide to restorers 
 or constructors of buildings of this class. 
 
— 8 — 
 
 We have also endeavoured to give, as far as possible, all the 
 details of these different constructions : in this way a variety of 
 combinations and motives of decoration, etc., for which, perhaps, 
 we cannot at present clearly account, and which, for that very reason, 
 we should be tempted to neglect, will be preserved, until the progress 
 of archaeological studies, with the aid of fortunate discoveries, shall 
 give us a complete explanation of them. 
 
 PLATE I 
 
 Cellar of the beginning of the XIV"" century, beneath a house 
 in the old Bezem straat, now Nicolas Despars straat. 
 
 This cellar, which measures 11"'70 in breadth, by 10™60 average 
 length, and originally about B^70 in height, is undoubtedly the 
 finest of all those yet remaining in the town of Bruges; and when, 
 on widening the old Bezem straat, it was exposed to public view, in 
 the month of May 1869, all sorts of wild conjectures were set going 
 about it : some called it an ancient subterranean church, others an 
 ancient dwelling-place of the Templars; other more or less mar- 
 vellous suppositions were put forth. We believe that it is simply 
 a cellar built by some rich merchant of the period : there is a door 
 on the east side, that is, in the direction of the canal running from 
 the Acadsmie-Plaats, towards the official residence of ^he Governor of 
 the Province, on the site of the ancient Waterhalle — but it would be 
 difficult, if not impossible at the present day, to decide whether 
 there ever was a direct communication between this canal and the 
 cellar, such as we know to have existed with several houses on the 
 west side of the Flemish street. 
 
 A point which deserves mention, is that, in the sixteenth century, 
 the house built over this cellar was called de Vaute — "the vault " 
 — a name which it doubtless owed to this really monumental cellar. 
 
— 9 — 
 
 We give the plan of the cellar as it was before the present house 
 was built; unfortunately, the widening of the street, and the building 
 of the house led to many alterations in the interior of this interesting 
 construction : the earher half of the cellar — that which comprised 
 the irregular vaulting — has disappeared, and the pavement has been 
 considerably raised, so that the columns have lost their proportions. 
 
 Some specimens of the bricks of the vaulting, of the transverse ribs 
 and of the mouldings, have been deposited in the Museum of the 
 Archgeological Society, in the Belfry Tower. 
 
 PLATE II 
 
 South gable of the transept of the cathedral of Bruges, built at 
 the beginning of the fifteenth century. 
 
 It is probable that this- gable was built in 1407; in the town- 
 accounts for the year 1406-1407, {" 108 v°, we find mention made 
 of a sum of £ 177.12 s. Parisis granted to the church of S' Saviour, 
 towards the carrying out of some works which are not specified in 
 the said accounts. 
 
 At the base of this gable, are yet to be seen the commencements 
 of juttieSj like those supporting the angle turrets of the opposite 
 gable, built after the fire which destroyed the church in 1358; we 
 are inclined to believe that the gable which occupies our attention 
 has taken the place of a temporary wall, and that, the intention of 
 the rebuilder of the church, in 1358, was to make it like the north 
 gable. 
 
 A noteworthy feature in this gable is the presence of the curvi- 
 linear triangle which seems to have been made special use of in the 
 religious monuments of Bruges, in the fourteenth and fifteenth cen- 
 turies; it is found 1° at the top of the opposite gable (1358) ; 
 2° on the west front of the outer north aisle of the church of 
 
— 10 — 
 
 Notre-Dame (c. 1360); 3° on the west front of tlie cliurcli of Jeru- 
 salem (c. 1430); 4" on the west front of the church of S' Giles (c. 1460). 
 
 LATE III 
 
 East front of the H6tel Gruuthuus, c. 1420. Gable, c. 1470. 
 
 This front, which can only be seen by the public from the bottom 
 of the steps leading to the canal, in the Groeninghe straat, bears 
 the arms of Gruuthuus-Mortaigne, ancestors of Louis de la Gruuthuus 
 who had the greater part of the mansion buUt, as well as the splendid 
 oak oratory in the church of Notre-Dame. 
 
 John de la Gruuthuus married Agnes de Mortaigne in 1389; the 
 latter died a widow, 23 July 1438, and was buried in the chapel 
 founded by her in honour of the Holy Ghost in the church of the 
 CarmeHte friars at Bruges; she had founded her anniversary there, 
 as well as a daily mass for which the celebrant was to receive a 
 pint of wine ^. 
 
 We do not know the date of the death of John de la Gruuthuus; 
 at all events, the said front must have been built between 1389 and 
 1438, and from the beauty of its design and finish of execution, 
 we have been led to ascribe it to the first quarter of the fifteenth 
 century. 
 
 The gable to the left of the above, which has been added since, 
 is designed in the same style and executed with the same materials 
 as the greater part of the mansion, built c. 1470 and facing the Gruut- 
 huus straat. We have indicated in our drawing, the bonding of the 
 masonry of the two gables, still perfectly visible at the present day. 
 
 ' Genealogical mannsoript drawn up by Nicholas de Schietere, knight, lord of Eymstede, etc., 
 penes cheyaUer de Schietere de Lophem, who has had the kindness to communicate this valnable 
 record to ns. 
 
— 11 — 
 
 We hope ttat when the Gruuthuus bridge is lowered, an improve- 
 ment that has been long asked for and planned, steps may also 
 be taken to do away with the insignificant building over the canal, 
 which masks the view of this front, one of the most ancient and 
 most remarkable in the town of Bruges. 
 
 PLATE IV 
 
 Consular house of the Easterns, built by master John van de Poele 
 in 1478 : 'now two houses situated on the Oosterlingen Plaais. 
 
 This magnificent hotel, which was inhabited by the representatives 
 of the different German nations ^, was in progress in August 1478 ^, 
 and was probably finished in July 1481, when the statue of the 
 emperor of Germany ^, Frederick IV, was set up there. 
 
 Ancient writers are not wanting in their praises of this building : 
 Zegher van Male, in his Lamentations, says that its tower — i. e. its 
 principal tower — was so artistically constructed, that there was no 
 finer one to be seen in the whole of Flanders *. 
 
 Peter Montanus who, in 1612, published and annotated the Flemish 
 translation of the travels of Guicciardini, alludes to this house, all 
 the iron-work in the interior of which, he says, was gilded ^. 
 
 Sanderus also, in his Flandria Illustrata, published at Cologne 
 in 1641, praises this monument very much; at that time, however, 
 the principal tower had already lost its spire and its little pinnacles, 
 
 * In Flemish, these houses were called : natielmizen. In the language of the people of Bruges 
 at the present day, the name of natieJvwis is given to those houses, generally situated in a poor 
 quarter of the town, which are inhabited hy several families. 
 
 * Des Paes, Kronijke, vol. IV, p. 178. 
 
 ' 'T boek voM al 't guent datter gescMet es etc. sichtent 1477 tot 1491, p. 31. 
 
 * Beaucouki, Besohrijviug van den Brngschen koophandel, 1775, p. 214. 
 
 * C/. the translation of the travels of Ouiccia/rdim, iy QorneUus KiUaen, amnotated by' Peter Mon- 
 tanus, Amsterdam, 1612, p. 300, and J. Gauhajid, Beirne pittoresque des mowuments qui d4coraient 
 autrefois la ville de Bruges, p. 74. 
 
— 12 — 
 
 witli the gilded vanes that crowned them, as any one may see was 
 certainly the case, by the view which Sanderus gives of the tower. 
 We have restored these details from the plan of Bruges engraved 
 by Mark Gheeraerdts in 1562. 
 
 On the 6*^ of March 1666, the town granted to the owner of this 
 house the sum of ten pounds Flemish, as a reward, for having 
 repaired the slate roofing, which was in an extremely dilapidated 
 state ^. 
 
 This monument underwent a complete remodelling at the end of 
 the last century : the principal building was destroyed down to the 
 base of the angle turrets which formerly adorned it, and the pictu- 
 resque courtyard on the left side has been replaced by an insig- 
 nificant building. 
 
 The present owner has had the whitewash scraped off the ancient 
 part of the larger building yet standing; may he one day rebuild 
 the upper storeys and the elegant turrets tha,t formerly adorned it ! 
 This picturesque building, contemporary with Memhnc, would pro- 
 duce an admirable perspective from the square where the statue of 
 the renowned painter has lately been erected. 
 
 PLATE V 
 
 Oriel-window of the house F 74, Vlaming-straat, built about 1516. 
 
 This charming building, which is being allowed to faU into a state 
 of complete dilapidation, presents on its side, above the shutter 
 which closes the old window, a simple but graceful motive of tracery, 
 which we here meet with for the first time; we only know of one 
 other example belonging to the sixteenth century, and that is on 
 the house-fi'ont B 11, Beckhout-straat, erected in 1570; it is very 
 
 ' Town-accoimts, 1665-66, £» 112 v". 
 
— 13 — 
 
 frequently found between 1620 and 1630; the front of the masons' 
 guild-house, for instance, built in 1621, affords two examples above 
 the windows of the third storey. 
 
 PLATE VI 
 
 House A 3, Corduaniers-straat, built in 1518. 
 
 This house, which has a carved sign representing a sturgeon — 
 den Stuur, — and the date 1513, was rebuilt at the expense of 
 John van den Ryue, who had inherited it from his father Jodoc, 
 in 1517, as well as the house called Goudebrouc ^ close by, which 
 has been entirely rebuUt, but still retains its canting sign, repre- 
 senting two women holding up a pair of trousers, and underneath : 
 dits in Goudebrouc {'k hou de broeh) with the date 1518. 
 
 PLATE VII 
 
 House, in the Koornbloem-straat, built c. 1525, demolished in 1866. 
 
 This front was of an admirable purity of execution; the discharging 
 arches above the windows of the ground-floor remind us of those 
 of the ancient buildings of the Liberty of Bruges on the canal; and 
 we should not be surprised to discover some day that these two 
 buildings were designed by the same architect. 
 
 PLATE VIII 
 
 House A 26, in the Molen Meersch, buUt c. 1520. 
 Within the last few months, the owner has had the thick coat 
 of whitewash, which covered this charming front, scraped off: the 
 
 Begistre van de ma/nschepen gJiehouden vcm edelen ende weerden jonkheere Ka/rels Ungonet, heer 
 vam SaMcmt, etc. f" 64 r". State AroMves at Ghent. Coudeirouc or Ooebroec is the name of an 
 old manor in Flanders, situated partly in the parish of Suddervoorde, partly in that of Oostcamp. 
 
— 14 — 
 
 bricks have a yellowish tone, much hke that of the ancient buildings 
 of the Hotel of the Easterns, of which we have already spoken. Indeed 
 we beheve that they belong to an earlier date than those used in the 
 house-fronts represented in plates X & XI. 
 
 PLATE IX 
 
 Gable facing the court-yard of the Town-hall, built in 1523, by 
 master John de Maech. 
 
 This gable, facing a very narrow court-yard, and which, owingto 
 this circumstance it is impossible to see in one view, is remarkable 
 for its purity of design, the beauty of its mouldings and the finish of 
 execution of both the brick and stone-work. 
 
 PLATE I 
 
 House B 6, Koeysteert-straat, built c. 1530. 
 
 This front, judging by the arrangement of the bonding of the 
 masonry, to which the gables on either side are joined, must be 
 the oldest of the three; it would therefore be a little earlier than 
 1530 : the house-front on the left of that which occupies our atten- 
 tion, has only preserved the tracery of the windows of the second 
 storey : it was restored in 1869; unfortunately, instead of then 
 restoring the old grees which must have married very well with 
 the twisted pinnacle at the angle of the front, the sloping tabling 
 of the gable has been covered with thin pieces of free-stone the 
 effect of which is anything but graceful. 
 
— 15 — 
 PLATE XI 
 
 House B 7j Koeysteert-straat, bearing the date 1530. 
 
 This gable, placed on the right side of that represented in the 
 preceding plate, is still more richly ornamented, and has the further 
 advantage of being more complete. 
 
 On the first floor of this house there is an old chimney supported 
 by termini, contemporary with the building. 
 
 These two houses, the finest of their kind in the town of Bruges, 
 belong to the same proprietor : may he soon follow the example 
 given by others, and restore these fronts to their primitive beauty ! 
 
 PLATE XII 
 
 House D 28, Moer-straat, built c. 1539. 
 
 Though less rich than the preceding, this front presents some 
 rather remarkable arrangements : here we will remark, as excep- 
 tional, the presence of pointed arches above the windows of the first 
 floor. A house-front in the Sint-Jans-straat, marked A 10, also 
 presents similar arches, but none of them are adorned with brick- 
 tracery. 
 
 PLATE XIII 
 
 Houses A 38, 36, & 34, Jerusalem-straat, built c. 1535. 
 
 These three houses, which form one frontage, were restored in 
 1864, and, it is satisfactory to state that this example has already 
 been followed by several proprietors of houses in this style. 
 
 This frontage is the largest and most complete of all those of 
 this date still existing in our town. 
 
— 16 — 
 PLATE XIV 
 
 Gable of the Palais de Justice, built in 1532, by master Jodoc Van 
 der Stichele. 
 
 This gable is hidden in a small court-yard of the Palais de Justice : 
 it will be easily seen that the tracery has been considerably damaged 
 by the placing of modern arches above the windows, which have 
 been lengthened in the course of this century, when the string- 
 course, which formerly ran all along the front, was broken away 
 in part. 
 
 PLATE IV 
 
 Buildings of S* John's Hospital, C 34, built c. 1540. 
 
 This construction, now the Lying-in Hospital, facing the Groote 
 Heilig Geest-straat, presents a very different plan of frontage to any 
 we have as yet reproduced. It forms one of the numerous interesting 
 but too little known buildings comprised within S* John's Hospital, 
 and of which one might make a special study : the nuns' quarters 
 along the canal bear the date 1539; the old cloister has, in one of 
 its angles, a construction bearing the date 1503, and the monogram 
 of the mason cut in a brick : this is, as yet, the only example of a 
 mason's monogram that we have met with on any building in Bruges. 
 
 PLATE XVI 
 
 House B 3, Steenhouwers Dyk, built c. 1550. 
 
 This house-front, though simpler than those which we have as 
 yet reproduced, presents nevertheless a very graceful aspect, owing 
 especially to the projection of the first storey over the ground floor. 
 
— 17 — 
 PLATE XVII 
 
 S* Sebastian's Guildhall, Oarmers-straat, built c. 1565. 
 
 It is well known that the guild of archers of Saint Sebastian 
 bought this Hall in 1673, of Cornelius de Blois, treasurer of the 
 town of Bruges, for the sum of £ 400 Flemish i; the elegant turret 
 that now crowns it, is not the one represented on the map of Mark 
 Gheeraerds drawn in 1562; it must therefore have been built 
 between 1662 and 1573, and this date agrees perfectly with the 
 style of the house and of the turret : in the latter, indeed, we find 
 two round medallions adorned with busts, like those which used 
 to ornament the house-front of 1664, that we reproduce in plate XIX. 
 
 Inside the house are two of the old stone corbels which used 
 to support the beams; they bear the initials G. B. interlaced, doubtless 
 those of the Christian names of the husband and wife who built this 
 picturesque house. 
 
 PLATE XVIII 
 
 House B 7, near the Klein Vischmarkt, built o. 1570. 
 
 This elegant house-front is ornamented on the central pier with 
 a fine escutcheon in Renaissance style, unfortunately disfigured, as is 
 also the entire frontage, by numerous coats of whitewash; the build- 
 ing has nevertheless preserved all its original detail, and it is to 
 be hoped that the owner will restore it to its former state'. 
 
 ' De Meteb, Jaerhoek der koninklyTee 6ilde van Sint Sebastiaen te Brugge, 1859, p. 201. 
 
 ' We are happy to state that since the compilation of this notice, this fine gable has been com- 
 pletely restored. Let us add also, that since then, a large number of our old house-fronts have had 
 the whitewash scraped off them, other new ones have been built in our old local style, so that this 
 movement has now assumed the proportions of a real architectural revival. The Art Journal 
 " La Plume, » published at Bruges from September 1870 till September 1872, as likewise the 
 monthly paper " de Halletoren, » also published at Bruges since August 1874, have aided in pro- 
 pagating this movement and in maintaining it in a serious and truly artistic direction. 
 
 3 
 
— 18 — 
 PLATE XIX 
 
 House C 26, Ouden Burg-straat, bearing the date 1564. 
 
 This house formerly bore the name of " den Ohfant " ; the street 
 front, the tracery of which is executed in a fantastic style, of which 
 we know no other example in Bruges, is not without a certain gran- 
 diose character, produced by its horizontal termination, ornamented 
 with charming turrets of different designs. 
 
 The four medallions above the windows were originally adorned 
 with busts carved in white stone : these were considerably damaged, 
 but instead of renewing them after the originals, the proprietor has 
 had them replaced by modern Hons' heads in terra-cotta !! We should 
 have preferred to see the medalUons left empty. 
 
 PLATE XX 
 
 House C 20, Nieuwe-straat, bearing the date 1565. 
 
 This front, hke the preceding, is also an exception to what we 
 call the old style of Bruges, it is built in the monumental style of 
 the first period of the Renaissance, and proves once more that our 
 old masons could cut and execute brickwork after all sorts of designs. 
 
 PLATE XXI 
 
 House C 37, Simon Stevin-Plaats, bearing the date 1571. 
 
 This front, built, like the preceding one, in the style of the 
 Renaissance, offers another striking example of the skill of the 
 old Bruges masons; the cornices, the triangular and rounded pedi- 
 ments, the whole in short is executed in brickwork : now-a-days 
 this facade is passed by unnoticed, but an intelligent restoration 
 would cause it to be admired and appreciated by all connaisseurs. 
 
19 — 
 
 PLATE XXII 
 
 House 8, in the street at the west side of the Belfry tower, built 
 c. 1570. 
 
 This house, now a beer-shop, has preserved its old sign " la porte 
 Rouge "; its street-front, slightly ornamented, it is true, is pictu- 
 resque in aspect, owing to the remarkable projection of the storeys 
 above the ground-floor : at this point the piers and arches are ter- 
 minated by elegant corbels. 
 
 PLATE XXIII 
 
 House r 22, Vlaming-straat, built c. 1576. 
 
 This front, taken by itself, presents a rather nice aspect, but the 
 decline of the ancient style of Bruges will be seen at a glance 
 especially if this plate be compared with plates VI to XVI. 
 
 PLATE XXIV 
 
 Houses B 3 & 5, Eeckhout-straat, built o. 1580. 
 
 These two houses, originally one, but divided in the course of the 
 present century, have a rather picturesque appearance, due principally 
 to the difference in height of the gables composing the front. 
 
 The remark which we made concerning the style of the front re- 
 produced in the preceding plate, is hkewise applicable here. 
 
 The right gable bears two cartouches in Renaissance style with 
 a date that is now illegible, and the central pier is ornamented with 
 a cartouch probably bearing the old sign of the house. "We long to 
 see this interesting building restored. 
 
— 20 — 
 
 PLATE XXV 
 
 House B 25, Braamberg-straat and Mee-straat, bearing the date 
 1629. 
 
 This is the latest street-front in the old Bruges style, and may be 
 considered as quite an exception at that period, when this style had 
 lost nearly all its originahty and vigour. Here already we meet with 
 several details borrowed from buildings in Eenaissance style, such as 
 the carved key-stones of the window arches, the ornamented stan- 
 chions, etc. 
 
 This house was restored about twenty-five years ago, by Baron 
 Ernest Peers, and is now occupied by by M. Auguste van der 
 Meersch, lawyer. 
 
 PLATE XXVI 
 
 Old Consular House of the Genoese, bearing the date 1399. 
 This front, situated on the Beurs Plaats, bears the following inscrip- 
 tion in gilt letters on a red ground. 
 
 1^ ^0t - \)eU{icinm - fccerunt 
 l^tiiiicare - mncijatotes - gan- 
 vitnceB ' brugtfli - coinrn0rtttttfs 
 in tit xcntti^ anno K 
 
 That is : the merchants of Genoa living at Bruges, caused this 
 building to be built in the year 1399. 
 
 In the tympanum of the entrance door, round the carved figure of 
 
 ' It is a curious thing, worthy of notice, that the words }he3Aficmni and heS/ifica/re begin here with 
 an aspirate h, which would tend to show to a certain point that this inscription was composed or 
 carved by a native of Bruges, since the custom of placing an Ji before words beginning with a vowel, 
 is found in many of onr old writers, as also among illiterate people of Bruges at the present day. 
 (Vide the interesting Westvlaamsch IcUoticon of professor De Bo, letter H. — Bruges, Beyaert- 
 Defoort.) 
 
— 21 — 
 
 St. George, patron of tlie Genoese, are five shields with armorial 
 bearings, doubtless those of the founders of this building. 
 
 We think that one of the sculptors of our town.hall, commenced in 
 1376, must have given the design of the front : the pinnacles on 
 either side of the door especially present a striking analogy to those 
 that occur in a similar position at the town-hall. Add to this that this 
 front has completely changed its appearance since 1720, when the 
 upper portion was modified; originally the second storey had two 
 windows and a crenelated horizontal termination : it is thus that it 
 is represented in the " Flcmdria Illustrata " of Sanderus, published in 
 1641. 
 
 PLATE IIVII 
 
 This front is admirable for its exactness of design and finish of 
 execution : it would do perfectly to figure in the background of one 
 of MemUnc's pictures. 
 
 It was built by John Vasquez and his wife Margaret van Ackere. 
 This Vasquez was a Portuguese gentleman, and secretary of Isabella 
 of Portugal, third wife of Philip duke of Burgundy, and mother of 
 Charles the Bold. 
 
 The motto of Vasquez " a hon compte avenir " is carved in two 
 places above the windows of the first storey. 
 
 A charming brass plate, recording a foundation made by John 
 Vasquez and his wife, on the 31'* January 1467, is placed in the 
 wall of the south aisle of the cathedral Q.f St. Saviour. 
 
 In 1850 this house was the property of our renowned jurist 
 Adolphus de Meetkerke : it is more than probable that he lived 
 here. 
 
 The interior contains nothing remarkable, except the balustrade of 
 the staircase surmounted by a lion supporting a shield with the arms 
 
— 22 — 
 
 of the Bekaert family, and the motto : Vi et amove. John Bekaert 
 owned this house in the seventeenth century ^. 
 
 PLATE XXVIII 
 
 North front of the Hotel Gruuthuus built c. 1470. 
 This monumental front, built of bricks and stone, and crowned 
 with five elegant dormers of white stone, is almost completely 
 hidden behind a row of modern houses of the plainest description. 
 
 At the beginning of the year 1471, Edward IV, king of England, 
 driven out of his kingdom by the partisans of Henry VI, resided 
 here during a few weeks. 
 Since 1624, this monument has been used as a pubKc pawn-shop. 
 We are convinced that we are only expressing the opinion of the 
 generahty of our fellow-citizens, in repeating the wish, already several 
 times put forth, that this fine monument should be converted into 
 a Museum of paintings and antiquities in which Bruges abounds. 
 This historical monument would no doubt make one of the finest 
 Medigeval museums in Europe, if it were properly restored and the 
 buildings which hide it, removed ^. 
 
 In our plate, we have replaced the modern balls which at present 
 crown the dormers, by the old finials, and have restored the parapet, 
 now destroyed, fi^om a fragment still remaining on the side facing the 
 garden. The view of this building in Mark Gheeraerd's plan of 1562 
 shows that the entrance was originally at the extreme right of the 
 large building : there we find, in the above mentioned plan, a large 
 
 ' This house has lately been bought by Monaignore Bethuue, canon of the Cathedral of Bruges. 
 The restoration, oarefolly carried out, is now finished. 
 
 2 Oar wish is on the eve of fulfilment; the installation of the Archseologioal Museum in this 
 building has lately been decided by the Municipal Council, the town having bought this splendid 
 building for that purpose. 
 
— 23 - 
 
 double staircase covered with a portico, similar to that in front of 
 the town-hall at Damme. 
 
 PLATE XXIX 
 
 1° Small house on the Academie Plaats, c. 1470. 
 
 We are inclined to believe that this charming building was erected 
 by some corporation of porters : we see some of these workmen 
 (pynders in Flemish) represented under the small column on the 
 right hand side, and on the left spring stone of the lower archway. 
 A painting of the eighteenth century, preserved at the town-hall, re- 
 presents this building as terminated by an obtuse gable with crockets 
 and finials, and over the lower archway three statues, — probably the 
 patrons of the corporation, — in Gothic niches; the archway now 
 closed by means of a door, was in those days open and led no doubt 
 into the Spaniaard-straat. 
 
 In the town archives at Bruges is preserved a very curious 
 document, dated 27"' August 1465, in which is recorded the sepa- 
 ration of the guild of the ryke pynders from that of the pynders, 
 established together since about 1360, at the church of the Car- 
 melite Triars; the rylce Pynders remained there, and, in 1465, the 
 Pynders had established their guild at the church of S* Giles (}) ; 
 might one not ascribe to the latter the interesting buUding which 
 occupies us ? 
 
 2° Door of S. Julian's Asylum, end of the fifteenth century. 
 
 This door in Ecaussines free-stone, is, after those of the town-hall, 
 the finest in the town of Bruges, both as regards design and execu- 
 tion; the shields of arms, elegantly fastened on to the extremities 
 of the mouldings, are beautifully carved. 
 
 (') Nieuvien groenen bouch onghecotteert, f° 193 v° in the town archives. 
 
^- 24 - 
 
 PLATE XXX 
 
 North, porch, of the church of Notre Dame. Second half of the 
 fifteenth century. 
 
 This graceful porch is built of white stone, formerly called " pierre 
 de Brabant; " the present parapet is a copy of the old one, in 
 Ecaussines stone. 
 
 The two entrance doors of the church still preserve their old 
 carved door-posts, adorned, one with a small carved figure of Our 
 Lady, the other with that of S' Boniface, patrons of the church. 
 
 The interior which was likewise richly and elegantly decorated, 
 suffered very much when this porch was turned into a baptistery, 
 in the course of the present century. 
 
 We believe that this charming construction must have been de- 
 signed by a Brussels stonemason; there is more than one point 
 of analogy between it and the principal front of the town-haU at 
 Mons, built in 1458, after the plans of a Brussels architect, whose 
 name remains unknown (^). 
 
 PLATE XXXI 
 
 Ancient market-tax house, Academic Plaats, bearing the date 1477. 
 
 This fii-ont, with its elegant porch, was built in 1477 by Sir Peter 
 de Luxembourg, market-tax-master of Bruges; in 1847, his coat of 
 arms surrounded by the insignia of the Order of th.e Golden Fleece, 
 and an inscription recording his titles was still to be seen over 
 the entrance (^) ; this decorative work is now replaced by an insigni- 
 ficant oval window. 
 
 (') ScHAYBS, Bistoire de V ArcMtectv/re en Belgique, vol. iv, p. 41. 
 (^) J. Gailhard, Ephim4rides Brugeoises, p. 69. 
 
— 25 — 
 
 The date is cut in the stone, at the base of the central pier of 
 the street-front. 
 
 The bracket at the top formerly supported a glass case containing 
 no doubt some saint's statue; lower down, between the two upper 
 windows was a clock dial-plate, with gilt figures : these details are 
 preserved in a painting of the eighteenth century, presenting a view 
 of the Academie-plaats, now preserved in the town-hall^. 
 
 PLATE XXXII 
 
 House F 21, Spinola Rey, end of the fifteenth century. 
 The street-front of this house is remarkable for its regularity and 
 beauty of execution^. 
 
 PLATE XXXIII 
 
 House B 11, Vlaiming-straat, end of the fifteenth century. 
 
 This house, the gables of which are gracefully arranged, is an 
 old wine-tavern known as : De Munte. 
 
 The town corporation used occasionally te meet here as also at 
 the tavern the Broom, in the same street of which we shall speak 
 further on. 
 
 The tavern : " de Munte " was often the scene of murders, com- 
 mitted by men who had abandoned themselves to the passion of 
 gambling or of drinking : for instance on the 3'^ of November 1479, 
 the 31^' of March 1484, the 9«' of February 1486, and the 18«' of 
 March 1491 ». 
 
 ' Since the above was written, this hoase has again become the property of the town. We 
 trust then that it may ere long be properly restored. 
 
 ^ This house, recently purchased by M. A. Merghelynok of Ipres is being restored inside and 
 out with great care. 
 
 * Het ioeck vom al tguene datter geschiedt es binnen Brugge van 1477 tot 1491, published by the 
 Society of the Bibliophiles Flamands, pp. 18, 61, 100 et 426. 
 
 4 
 
— 26 — 
 
 PLATE XXXIV 
 
 House B 41, WoUe-straat, c. 1480, 
 
 This large building, forming the corner of the WoUe straat and 
 the Eeckhout bridge, is not only remarkable for the purity of its 
 style, but also for its historical recollections : here it -was that the 
 relic of the Most Precious Blood was preserved while Bruges was 
 under the dominion of the Galvinists, at the end of the sixteenth 
 century, 
 
 PLATE XXXV 
 
 House B 55, Ylaming-straat, c. 1510. 
 
 This house, the gable of which is, of its kind, the most graceful in 
 the town, must originally have been used as a shop, if one may 
 judge by the two large arches on the ground-floor, now filled up by 
 a wall pierced by two modern windows. 
 
 The present owner, M' D. Meyers- Yerstraete, had it repaired a 
 short time ago : we hope that he will soon restore it to its primitive 
 state, by uncovering the stone-work. 
 
 PLATE XXXVI 
 
 House B 5, Gaaren-straat, bearing the date 1628, 
 This charming house-front, in the B,enaissance style which here 
 again assumes a rather local character, was built by Ferdinand 
 
 Michiels, whose arms it bears on the shield supported by the lion 
 at the top of the gable. The town of Bruges granted to Michiels, 
 on the 29"' of January 1629, the sum of £ 12 Flemish, as a reward 
 for having built this house ^. The bas-reliefs with which it is deco- 
 
 Town accounts, 1628-29, f" 84 v°. 
 
— 27 — 
 
 rated, represent a Vanity and tlie Adoration of tlie Magi : the latter, 
 beautifully executed. The owner, M' A. Ronse, has lately completely 
 restored this house to its primitive state. 
 
 PLATE XXXVII 
 
 House A 24, Molen Meersch, bearing the dates 1657 and 1660. 
 
 The higher of • these two gables bears the date 1660; that on the 
 left is dated 1657; it is worthy of notice that this house has never 
 been whitewashed, a very rare exception in our town : it is now in 
 a rather dilapidated state, and we hope sincerely to see it restored, 
 for it presents one of the finest and most complete specimens of our 
 domestic architecture of the seventeenth century ^. 
 
 The bas-reliefs of the small gable represent the three theological 
 virtues : Faith, Hope, and Charity; those of the large gable, the 
 seven corporal works of mercy. 
 
 PLATE XXXVIII 
 
 Brick gable, c. 1540, at the Xaverian Brothers' School, Meuw 
 straat. 
 
 This gable of very graceful design, flanked by a round turret whose 
 upper portion has been mutilated is the only one of all our old house- 
 fronts whose central pier is not terminated by an arcbitectural 
 motive but surmounted by a figure of a lion carved in white stone, 
 which must formerly have produced a very happy effect on the 
 red-brick background, now, alas! covered with whitewash. 
 
 ' This restoration has already been carried out. All honour to the owner of che house, M' Duwelz, 
 currier. 
 
— 28 — 
 PLATE XXXIX 
 
 Gable of the house A 17, Bidder straat, from a drawing by M' 
 Buyck now at the town hall. This house was demolished in 1846. 
 
 One can see quite plainly from this plate at first sight that this 
 house-front, at the time of its destruction — which we very much 
 regret — had already undergone more than one mutilation :. thus the 
 tracery above the windows had already disappeared, and the top of 
 the gable was pierced by a window evidently dating from the first 
 half of the seventeenth century; the street-front taken as a whole, 
 must, to judge by M' Buyck's drawing, have belonged to the latter 
 half of the fifteenth century. 
 
 PLATE XL 
 
 House le Bamon, Vlaming Straat B 7, built c. 1525, demolished 
 in 1850, drawn after divers documents. 
 
 This front has often been reproduced in albums of views of 
 Bruges. A very incorrect drawing of it has also been published in 
 a work by T. de Vfgne : Geschiedenis der Middeleeuwsche houwkunde, 
 Ghent, 1846. 
 
 We think it may be useful to amateurs and artists, to add here 
 a list of those buildings of a certain importance, that we have not 
 as yet spoken of, and that either bear a date, or, the approximate 
 date of which is known. 
 
 c. 1470. Old Hotel de Fiennes, Naalde- straat ; now a school 
 founded by the Rev. M' de Foere. This vast building, surmounted by a 
 round tower with a crocketted spire and stone parapet of open work, 
 
— 29 — 
 
 must have been built between 1451 and 1480. In our Geschiedenis 
 van Middelburg in Vlaanderen, we tliouglit we might date it as far 
 back as o. 1435, but a recent study of it has made us change our 
 opinion. Peter Bladehn, treasurer of Philip of Burgundy and founder of 
 Middelburg, had sold this house in 1451; Thomas Portunary, Floren- 
 tine merchant and agent of the Medici of Florence, lived in this 
 house of which he was owner, at the date of March 7*'' 1480. 
 The windows present considerable analogy to those of the north 
 front of the hotel Gruuthuuse, built c. 1470, and the niche above 
 the entrance-door clearly belongs to the latter half of the fifteenth 
 century. The interior presents, among other things, a fine haU with 
 beams adorned with the arms of the Medici, executed c. 1650 ^ 
 
 It is very probable that the old gable, to the right of the build- 
 ing which at present occupies our attention, was built by Peter 
 Bladelin : the register of' the fiefs from which we extract these 
 details, informs us that Bladehn had a dining-hall in this house. 
 
 1527. Shoemakers' Guildhall, Steen-straat D 40. 
 
 1530. Street-front of the Catholic Library, Nieuw straat. 
 
 It bears, besides the date, an inscription on two panels; the first : 
 
 Hie sita fuit domus, the second : Quod us, the remainder is 
 
 ineligible. A third panel, corresponding with that on which the date 
 is inscribed, bears a hand with two initials of which the first is an E. 
 
 c. 1540. Along the road which leads from Sint Michiels to the 
 Lappersfort, there is a monumental gateway with an upper storey, 
 built in brick, at the entrance of the farm called : 't Goet ten Briele, 
 the property of S' John's hospital for several centuries past. 
 
 Over the gate is a niche which no doubt used to contain a statue 
 of S' John the Evangelist, patron of the Hospital. 
 
 ' Vide our work : GescfUedems vcm Middelbwrg in Vlaa'nderen, 1867, pp. 19 & aqq., and p. 217. 
 
— 30 — 
 
 One of the windows of this building has preserved in part its 
 graceful tracery, cut in brick, thus enabling us to form an idea 
 of the former beauty of the building, probably erected by the man, 
 as yet unknown, who built the house reproduced in plate XV. 
 
 In April 1677, this farm, then surrounded by a large moat, was 
 the residence of the marines and soldiers of the prince of Orange and 
 the count of Salins, who had come here to defend the country 
 against the French troops. They did a large amount of damage 
 here, of which an estimate was drawn up in the same year ^. 
 
 1561. Street-front of the convent of the Black Sisters, Woensdag 
 markt. This house-front, which occupies the whole end of the 
 "Woensdag markt, behind the statue of Memlinc, has recently been 
 restored to its original state at the expense of the town. 
 
 1562. House D 7 Dweers-straat. The gable is adorned with the 
 same escutcheons and tracery as those which surmount the carriage 
 entrance of the above-named convent. 
 
 1562. This date is to be seen on the pretty gable of a house in the 
 Zuid Zand-straat, marked 39, and known by the,, name of de 
 Naalde. In 1534, this house belonged to the corporation of joiners ^. 
 
 1565. Lower part of the offices of the Commission of Hospitals 
 etc., Spinola Rey, restored without knowledge of the local style. 
 
 1570. Street-front, Eeckhout-straat, B 11, ornamented with some 
 old tracery. 
 
 1573. House F 3, St.-Amand-straat. The front, almost entire, has 
 a somewhat stern appearance, owing especially to its crenelated 
 horizontal termination and to the presence of loop-holes in the front. 
 
 1585. House called : Den Cop, at the corner of the Noord Zand 
 
 ' Pamphlet published by M' E^eraerfc-Godderis. Brages, Van de Caateele-Werbrouck, 1861'. 
 ^ Accoants of the Asylum of the Pottery, 1533-34. f° 37 v°, in the town archives. 
 
— 3] — 
 
 straat and the Kop-straat. The old sign of the cup is carved on the 
 central pier, and beneath, the date 1685. 
 
 1596. Street-front at the north east corner of the Spaniaard straat, 
 formerly the residence of the family De la Torre, 
 
 1597. Street-front of a house in the Steen-straat — now two 
 houses, — at the corner of the Kleine St.-Amand-straat. It was 
 rebuilt in this year by Jodoc van den Dorpe, and the town granted 
 him, as a reward, the sum of 30 shillings. Formerly it had belonged 
 to the society of Fencing-masters or Halberdiers of our town ^ 
 
 1608. Street-front of the ofifices of the Staff of the National 
 Guard &c. at the south-east corner of the Blinden Bzel-straat. 
 
 1616. House at the North- West corner of the Spaniaard-straat, 
 built by Senor Francisco de Peralta and Dona Martha Blanco. The 
 date is on the frieze of the entrance. 
 
 1617. Old Magdalene Asylum on the Gaaren Markt. 
 
 1621. Old guildhouse of the -free Fishermen, Groote Markt, now 
 two houses : one, the tavern la Civiere, the other, the private house 
 adjoining. 
 
 1631. House in the Spaniaard straat, F 3. 
 
 The revival of our old architecture has produced in the way of 
 civil buildings, some works that we cannot refrain from mentioning. 
 
 The mansion " Ten Torre" situated at Oedelem, and belonging to 
 the Viscount Lebailly-De Tilleghem-Goethals, is adorned with four 
 towers at the angles, and surmounted in the middle by a lofty tower; 
 
 ' Vide Town Accounts, 1597-98, i" 38 v", and the 1^' register of the Section of St.-James. 
 
— 32 — 
 
 the mansion was built in 1846 ^, on the site of a mansion of the 
 eighteenth century. 
 
 In 1869, was commenced the house of Baron van Zuylen, in the 
 Ganze-straat, a building of very undecided style, and having little in 
 common with our old local architecture. 
 
 The mansion of Baron van Caloen-de Gourcy at Lophem, was built 
 in 1859 and the following years, after the plans of Messrs Pugin and 
 Bethune. It is one of the largest and finest buildings of its kind, 
 as yet constructed. 
 
 The mansion of the Bishop of Bruges, at Sint Michiels near 
 Bruges, in fifteenth century style, was built in 1861, after the plans 
 of an English architect, Edward Welby Pugin. 
 
 The new buildings at Vyve-Capelle near Bruges comprising, be- 
 sides the church, a presbytery and a school with house attached 
 to it, were built in 1861 and the following years after the designs 
 of M'' John Bethune, of Ghent. 
 
 Lastly, in the year 1870, a house-front, copied more or less from 
 the old Bruges style, was built in the new quarter of S' Anne. 
 
 Since then several new buildings have been constructed confor- 
 mably to the traditions of our old local architecture. We will 
 mention : 
 
 Two houses in sixteenth century style in the new quarter of 
 S' Anne. 
 
 Two gables in seventeenth century style, in the Gheerwyn-straat; 
 two house fronts in the same style in the Ezel-straat; another in 
 the Smede-straat and another in the Dweers-straat; a fine gable on 
 the Augustinen Rey; another remarkable gable, in sixteenth cen- 
 
 ' M' Weale, in his work: Bruges et ses environs, p. 210, makes a mistake in calling this mansion 
 the chsiiteau of Tilleghem and attributing it to the sixteenth century. 
 
— 33 — 
 
 tury style, in the Spaniaard straat; a row of interesting buildings 
 alongside of the Blankenberghe railway, after tne plans of the late 
 M'^ Loran, architect, two remarkable house-fronts forming part of 
 the residence of the Jesuits, Korte Winkei-straat, and lastly a house 
 front in seventeenth century style, adjoining S' Julian's Asylum, 
 now just completed. 
 
 Let us hope that this movement will spread more and more, and 
 that it will end in the regeneration of our architecture according 
 to the true principles of art, not only in our town, but also through- 
 out our country. 
 
Fhiuchf I 
 
 C/r" Verschdde ArcV an iHiy 
 
 Ink J Pelyt.li: 
 
 (TatJf bu fommenrnnm^ ^u \^. s\h{t, 
 
 suns imr iiiaisiul dr la imuvelle I'lif Nirolas Mfsjiar 
 
du Transept de la Cafhedrale de Bruges 
 
 coiisliniit au coinraeiicemej:!-!: ilu ifi^sici;! 
 

 
/ './/( , 1 fej.iji Bru'jtc 
 
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 Ijatie Ters l525, demdie en 1866. 
 
PJandie VIII. 
 
 ■^ti'Yr.'sA'M'-. Arch' dd 
 
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Planche JX. 
 
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