®0j^»rtl Uttirn^itg §ihmx^ THE GIFT OF 7583 CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY 3 1924 092 516 560 Cornell University Library The original of this book is in the Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/cletails/cu31924092516560 v«%xvin JANUARY, 1906 No. t %o Homeg of (©reat Hoberg BY ELBERT HUBBARD v; "To /over? ail things are afC^qiial im- portance, and this isr the hig^fst sanity, JOSIAH WEDGWOOD AND SARAH WEDGWOOD Single Copies 25 Cents By the Year, $3.00 Little Journeys for 1906 ByELBERTHUBBARD Will be to j^e Homes of Great Lovers TheSubjectf are as Follow*: 1 Jpsiah and Sarah Wedgwood 2 William Godwin and Mary WoUstonecraft 3 Dante and Beatrice 4 John Stuart Mill and Harriet Taylor 5 Parnell and Kitty O' Shea 6 Petrarch and Laura 7 Dante Gabriel Rossetti & Elizabeth Siddall 8 Balzac and Madame Hanska 9 Fenelon and Madame Guyon ^ ^0 Ferdinand Lassalle&Helene vonDonnlgies 11 Victor Hugo and Juliette Drouet 12 Robert Louis Stevenson & Fanny Osboume TEN YEARS OF THE PHILISTINE An Index ^ Concordance OF VOLUMES I TO XX Compiled -by Julia Ditto Young. Bound solidly in Boards to match The Philistine THE PRICE WILL BE ONE DOLLAR THE ROYCROFTERS EAST AURORA, ERIE CO., NEW YORK Entered at the postoffice at Blast Autora, New Yotlc, for transmission as second-class mail matter. Copyiiglit, 1906, by Elbert Hubbaxd BOOKS BY ELBERT HUBBARD A MESSAGE TO GARCIA & THIRTEEN OTHER THINGS: Being a book of Essays; 135 pages «^ g„ TIME & CHANCE: A Narrative life of John Brown; 250 pages, in limp leather, sillt lined ' , ,. m ENEMY BUT HIMSELF jg5 filTTLE JOURNEYS TO THE HOMES OF GOOD MEN AND GREAT: 866 pages 2 00 AMERICAN AUTHORS: 415 pages j'jo FAMOUS WOMEN: 429 pages ^"qq AMERICAN STATESMEN: 486 pages 200 EMINENT PAINTERS: 497 pages gjoo ENGLISH AUTHORS: Book I. Roycroft hand-made paper, hand-U- Inmined, limp leather, silk lined, a very beautiful book (some folks think); 144 pages 3 qq ENGLISH AUTHORS: Book II. Companion to above book; 162 pages s.oo GREAT MUSICIANS: Book I. Companion to English Authors; 160 pages s 00 ^EAT MUSICIANS: Book II. " " " 165 " 3 oo EMINENT ARTISTS: Book I. 150 pages 3.00 f^NENT ARTISTS: Book II. 155 pages s'oo , EMINENT ORATORS: Book I. 162 pages 3.00 EMINENT ORATORS: Book 11. 185 pages / 8.00 LITTLE JOURNEYS TO THE HOMES OF GREAT PHILOSOPHERS: Vol. I. 170 pages • 3.00 LITTLE JOURNEYS TO THE HOMES OF GREAT PHILOSOPHERS: Vol. II. 184 pages 3.00 LITTLE JOURNEYS TO THE HOMES OF GREAT SCIENTISTS: Vol. 1. 189 pages 3.00 LITTLE JOURNEYS TO THE HOMES OF GREAT SCIENTISTS: Vol. II. 174 pages 3.00 OLD JOHN BURROUGHS: in boards, hand illumined 2.00 CONTEMPLATIONS: Forty essays and about five hujidred "orphic say- ings." Printed in two colors 5.00 RESPECTABILITY: 110 pages 2.00 THE MAN OF SORROWS: Being a Little Journey to the Home of Jesnsof Nazareth; 144 pages 3.00 Time and Chance^ Little Journeys to the Hornes of Good Men and Great. Fartwus Women, American Statesmen and JEhninent Painters, on this list, were printed by G. P. Putnam's Sons, but the books have been bound by the Roycroft- ers in limp chamois, silk lined, very roycroftie. No Enemy but Himself, is printed and bound by Putnam's. The Roycrofters, East Aurora, Erie Co., N. Y. How a Bibliomaniac Binds His Books By IRVING BROWNE Q APOLEON'S life should glare in red John Calvin's bloom in blue; Thus they would typify bloodshed And sour religion's hue. The Pope's in scarlet well may go; In jealous green, Ojhellb ; In gray, Old Age of Cicero, And London Cries in yellow. My Walton should his gentle art In salmon best express, And Penn and Fox the Friendly heart In quiet drab confess. Statistics of the lumber trade Should be embraced in boards, While muslin for the inspired Maid A ^tting garb affords. Intestine wars I 'd clothe in vellum, "While pigskin Bacon grasps, And flat romances, such as '^Belham," Should stand in calf with clasps. Blindtooled should be blank verse" and rhyme Of Homer and of Milton; But Newgate Calendar of Crime *I 'd lavishly dab gilt on. Crimea's wrarlike facts and dates Of fragrant Russia smell ; The subjugated Barbary States In crushed Morocco dwell. I don't like Owen Meredith— Perhaps it is a whim — He so lacks energy and pith Lucile-skin does for him. But Oh I that one I hold so dear Should be arrayed so cheap Gives me a qualm; I sadly fear My Lamb must be half-sheep! O O ALL IMMORTALS :— Send any of your old books that you want tb have rebound to The Roycrofters, at their Shop which is in East Aurora, Erie County, New York, U. S. A Your Favorite Immortal ■^H^EOPLE who think and feel have a favorite author, com- jI^S poser, painter or orator, and to have this Ideal One tP^ enshrined in a beautiful book is indeed most pleasing ; and to make a volume that will answer this purpose has been the fond aim of The Roycrofters. The De Luxe Little J'oarne'ys come nearest to our ideas, and we want you to know it. <( As a token of respect and esteem, as an appreciation of a duty beautifully performed & as a birthday, wedding or anniversary present, our De Luxe Little journeys are very popular among the Discerning. The size is just right, the price is right, too. Morris Bach Correggio Beecher Burns Mendelssohn Bellini Phillips Milton Liszt CelUni Socrates Johnson Beethoven Abbey Seneca Macaulay Handel Whistler Aristotle Addison Verdi Pericles Aurelius Southey Schumann Antony Spinoza Coleridge Brahms Savonarola Swedenborg Disraeli Raphael Luther . Kant Tennyson Leonardo Burke Comte Browning Botticelli Pitt Voltaire Wagner Thorwaldsen Marat Spencer Paganini Gainsborough Ingersoll Schopenhauer Chopin Velasquez Henry Thoreau Mozart Corot King On Roycroft Water-Mark Paper, Hand Illumined, Bound in Limp Chamois, Inlaid Title, Silk-Lined, with Portrait. ONE DOLLAR THE VOLUME, BY MAIL By the Dozen, Twelve Dollars Copies specially inscribed by Roycroft Artists if desired— no extra charge THE ROYCROFTERS East Aurora, which is in Erie County, New York, U. S. A. ^ome Jfine pintringg *"£ have the following books, in m fine bindings — full Levant — the work of our Mr. Louis H. Kinder. [Mr. Kinder's work compares fav- orably with that of the best Paris binders, living and dead. — Paul W. Bartlett, Paris, May 3, 1904.] Thoreau's Friendship Tall Copy on genuine Vellum Forty free-hand drawings $250.00 Thoreau's Friendship Japan Vellum, lUumined 60.00 Contemplations 150.00 A Lodging For the Night 40.00 Song of Myself 25.00 Self-Reliance, Emerson 25.00 The Man of Sorrows 50.00 Last Ride Classic Vellum, specially illumined 100.00 THE ROYCROFTERS East Aurora, which is in Erie County, Nem York Re$^e$pectability ELBERT 3ERT HUBBARD'S LATEST BOOK H^^ HE work being a cosmic Little Jbp Journey to tlie Home of Homo, be- ginning with the creation of man and continuing to the reorganiza- tion of the Equitable Insurance Company n^^^j^^^^^^^^ This volume contains some of the best writing that the author has ever done, and is keyed through- out in fairlin fairly good humor ^ J^ J^ ji ^ ji- ji PRICE, in LiuE, in Limp Leather, Silk-Lined - Two Dollars A few on Imp/ on Imperial Japan Vellum, Bound in Three-Qu Three-Quarters Levant. The Price, say Ten Dollars Two in Full Lan Full Levant, Individual Books, Hand- Tooled, pi Tooled, put up in Hand-Carved Mahogany Boxes T Boxes Trimmed with Amalgamated Copper. Copper. Price for Each Book, One Hundred Dollars THE HE ROYCROFTERS East Aurtt Aurora, Erie County, New York \ . THE STORY OF THE HOUSE dp HEINZ /^I^HE Heinz way of pure-food preparation represents lIL thirty-six years of sticking to a single principle — ^"^ conscientious endeavor to improve that vv'hich was already the best J^ J^ With this ideal the Heinz business started in 1869. Un- swerving adherence to the same ideal resulted in the growth of the present great system of Heinz Kitchens, covering thirty acres of floor space and reaching out into the gardery spots of ten states for their supply of fruits and vegetables <^ «3* There is no mystery about this phenomenal expansion of the Heinz way of pure-food preparation. It is sound, healthy, natural development, having cleanliness and purity as its keynote, and for its foundation an infinite capacity for taking jiairis. Only a visit to the Heinz Kitchens (and there were over 25,000 visitors last year) can convey how thoroughly this art of being particular has been carried out. There is no part of the work too small to receive the same attention the most painstaking housewife would give it ; besides, no single home possesses the facilities, the equipment, the experience which combine to insure Heinz excellence. Q There will be no room to question why the Heinz Way ought to be your way, or how it can save you time and ex- pense, if you will get from your grocer any one of the Heinz 57 Varieties — Baked Beans, Fruit Preserves, India Relish, Ketchup, Malt Vinegar, etc. Each is a perfect product of its kind, and if it fails to please you the grocer will give your money back. The Spice of Life," a beautiful booklet, t^lls^in an in- teresting way the story of the House of Heinz. We would like to seijd it to you at our expense. H. J. MEINZ COMPANY, Pittsburgh, Pa. A RARE COMBINATION JN old classic says: "If thou findest some rare, I noteworthy object in thy travels, pray make me par- taker of thy joy. " What we have fo)ind is not rare in itself, but in its combination. So many excellencies at one place is to us one of the surprises of life which we are willing to travel far to see. At Paso Robles, on the Coast Line of the Southern Pacific, in California, we found a perfect and completely equipped Bath House, connected with Hot Springs as good as any in Europe, a luxurious Hotel, set in a quiet and restful landscape, and in a cli- mate which cannot be excelled in any country of the world. Here tired people, worn out by a too strenuous life, dyspeptic, rheumatic and neurasthenic people can find the most valuable features of Rest-Cure, Water Cure, Massage, Out-door life, Mud Packs, with the use, internally, of Sulphur Water and Lithia Water in one es- tablishment, and with the comforts of a well appointed home. Hy- drotherapy, or remedial uses of water never had so good a settipg as here, the features of Eastern and European establishments being drawn upon after much travel and patient investigation. It was opened in December, under the friendly supervision of Dr. Simon Baruch, of New York, the best authority on Hydriatrics out- side of Europe. The cost of the Bath House and its appliances is about $100,000, and nothing in the latest and wisest application, water at all temperatures and in all forms of Plunge, Sitz, Showers, Spray, Douche, or Pack has been omitted. And all is under the direction of an experienced Resident Physician, set in the midst of a climate as healing as any in California, in a rolling country full of beauty and connected with a hotel vyell known for its excellence. J^ d^ J. dt. J. Alfred Henry Lewis says: "Elbert Hubbard is our American Macaulay, and his Little Jour- neys areas deathless a^ 'Plutarch's Lives.'" The Price for a set of these De Luxe Books, by express prepaid, is Fifty Dollars, and no more. QA COMPLETE SET will be sent on In- spection to any good Philistine, and those not \7ishing to part with Fifty Dollars at one time may make other arrangements by addressing The Roycrofters AT EAST AURORA, which i5 in ERIE COUNTY, N. Y. EROME K. JEROME, in a recent address in Chicago said: You Americans, I must say, have a humor all your own. Even your railway managers are jokers. For instance, I came hereon the Lake Shore Limited, and the peculiar thing was that the comforts, con- veniences and luxuries of the train were absolutely without limit. .k thtin out. The p- CENTS A MONTH for only thirteen months f \ ulumeB— ui fact the whole field .11 ru'ular poems that you want and 1h-i , mother, or children can easily - \\ ithout wading: through great 11- »T^i_ er\f\ A 1 J. _ • ■ \' i^e p-mi i^, range fioiu English ballads of The 500 Masterpieces in Verse, untamvuaatedmvn to Bret Hane and Ste- venBon. t Of all the libraries of poetr> that have beeji published, we predict that this will take first place because of its compact, beautiful form, its new classification, and, chief of all, be- cause of Dr. Van Dyke's labor of love in giving the selection the best thouKht available from the poet, critic and scholar best fitted to select the poetical masterpieces of the English lan- guage. This set will be an ornament ana a resource for every one who reads English and who has any wish for an easy acciuaintajice witli the liighest thoughts and the Inspired moods of the great artists in English literature. AfT. i^ _ 17 m Americans, who do not have time as a rule, to read J reasure tor il.very \jne. poetry, wUl find the Masterpieces a godsend in en- abling them to get in the easiest possible way some glimpse and knowledge of the most per- fect poems of our language, knowledge that would otherwise escape. THE Send only 50 cents in stamps. A set of the books will be shipped for your approval at once, and your subscription QPPER ^°^ ^^^ Review of Reviews will be entered. If you like the set after examination, you make further payments of 50 cents a month for 12 months for the Review of Reviews for two years (regular price $6) & the full set of six volumes. If you do not like this new library, you may return it at our expense & no obligation will be incurreZt Send the new Library of Poetry which- you are offering with the Review of Re- TiKws. If I like the above books, I will make payments to complete the special-- offer price. Herewith find first payment of 50 cents. The Review of Reviews Co., 13 A,tor Place. New York THE "COFFEE HEART" It Is as Dangerous as the Tobacco or Whisky Heart. "Cofifee heart" is common to many coffee users and is liable to send the owner to his or her long home if the drug is persisted in. You can run 30 or 40 yards and find out if your heart is troubled. A lady who was once a victim of the "coffee heart" writes from Oregon: " I have been a habitual user of coffee all my life and have suffered very much in recent years from ailments which I became satisfied were directly due to the poison in the beverage, such as torpid liver and indigestion, which in turn made my complexion blotchy and muddy. "Then my heart became affected. It would beat most rapidly just after I drank my coffee, and go below nor- mal as the coffee effect wore off. Sometimes my pulse would^o as high as 137 beats to the minute. My family were greatly alarmed at my condition and at last Mother persuaded me to begin the use of Postum Food Coffee. "I gave up the old coffee entirely and absolutely, and made Postum my sole table, beverage. This was 6 months ago, and all my ills, the indigestion, inactive liver and rickety heart action, have passed away, and my complexion has become clear and natural. The im- provement set in very soon after I made the change, just as soon as the coffee poison had time to work out of my system. "My husband has also been, greatly benefited by the use of Postum,, and we find that a simple breakfast with Postum, is as satisfying and more strengthening than the old heavier meal we used to have with the other kind of coffee. " Name given by Postum Co., Battle Creek, Mich. There's a reason. Read the little book, "The Road to Wellville, " in pkgs. I JosiAH Wedgwood JOSIAH AND SARAH WEDGWOOD ADMITTING my inexperience, I must say that I think the in- stinct for beauty and all the desire to produce beautiful things, which you and Gcethe refer to as the "Art Impulse," is a kind of sex quality, not unlike the song of birds or their beautiful plumage. — JOSIAH WEDGWOOD TO DR. ERASMUS DARWIN. JOSIAH AND SARAH WEDGWOOD ^NCE upon a day a financial panic was on in Boston. Real estate was rapidly changing hands, the owners making desperate efforts to realize. Banks thought to be solvent and solid, went soaring skyward, and occasionally col- lapsed with a loud ominous R. G. Dun report. And so it happened that about this time, Henry Thoreau strolled out of his cabin and looking up at the placid moon, murmured, " Moonshine, after all, is the only really permanent thing we possess." QThis is the first in the series of tw^elve love stories, or "tales of moonshine" to use the phrase of Thomas Carlyle J^ In passing, let us note the fact that the doughty Thomas w^as not a lover and he more than once growled out his gratitude in that he had never lost either his head or his heart, for men congratulate themselves on everything they have, even their limi- tations. Thomas Carlyle \was not a lover. A great passion is a trinitarian affair. And I some- times have thought it a matter of regret, as well as wonder, that a strong man did not appear on the scene and fall in love with the winsome Jeannie Welsh. Conditions were ripe there for a great drama. I know it would have blown the roof off that little house in Cheyne Ro\v, but it might have crushed the heart of Thomas Carlyle and made him a lover, indeed. After 1 LITTLE death had claimed Jeannie as a bride, the fastnesses JOURNEYS of the old Sartor Resartus soul were broken up, and Car- lyle paced the darkness, crying aloud, " Oh, why was I cruel to her?" He manifested a tenderness toward the memory of the woman dead, which the woman alive had never been able to bring forth. Love demands opposition and obstacle. Q It is the in- termittent or obstructed current that gives power. The finest flowers are those transplanted — for trans- planting means difficulty, a readjusting to new con- ditions, and through the effort put forth to find adjust- ment, the plant progresses. Transplanted men are the ones who do things worth while, and transplanted girls are the only ones who inspire a mighty passion. Audrey transplanted might have evolved into a Nell Gwynn or a Lady Hamilton. Qln such immortal love stories as Romeo and Juliet, Tristram and Isolde, and Paola and Francesca, a love so mad in its wild impetus is pictured that it dashes itself against danger; and death for the lovers, we feel from the beginning, is the sure climax when the cur- tain shall fall on the fifth act. The sustained popular interest in these tragedies proves that the entranced auditors have dabbled in the eddies, so they feel a fervent interest in those hope- lessly caught in the current, and from the snug safety of the parquette, vicariously, live their lives and the loves that might have been. But let us begin with a life story, where love resolved its "moonshine" into life, and justified itself even to 2 stopping the mouths of self-appointed censors, who LITTLE cavilled much and quibbled over-time. Here is a love JOURNEYS so great and vital that in its beneficent results we are all yet partakers. ]N GLAND got her civilization from the Dutch; her barbarisms are all her own. Qlt was the Dutch who taught the English how to paint pictures, and how to print and bind books. It was the Dutch who taught the Eng- lish how to use the potter's wheel and glaze and burn earthenware. Until less than two hundred years ago, the best pottery in use in England came from Holland. Q It was mostly made at Delft, and they called it Delftware. Finally they got to making Delftware in Staffordshire. This was about the middle of the Eighteenth Century. And it seems that a little before this time, John Wes- ley, a traveling preacher, came up this way on horse- back, carrying tracts in his saddle-bags, and much love in his heart. He believed that we should use our religion in our life — seven days in a week and not save it up for Sunday. In ridicule, some one had called him a " Methodist," and the name stuck. John Wesley w^as a few hundred years in advance of his time. He is the man who said, " Slavery is the sum of all villainies," John Wesley had a brother named 3 LITTLE Charles who wrote hymns, but John did things. He JOURNEYS had definite ideas about the rights of women and children, also on temperance, education, taxation and exercise, and whether his followers have ever caught up with him, much less gone ahead of him, is not for me, a modest farmer, to say. In the published "Journal of John Wesley," is this: "March 8, 1760. Preached at Burslem, a town made up of potters. The people are poor, ignorant and often brutal, but in due time the heart must be moved toward God, and He will enlighten the understanding." And again: "Several in the congregation talked out loud and laughed continuously. And then one threw at me a lump of potter's clay that struck me in the face, but it did not disturb my discourse." This whole section was just emerging out of the Stone Age, and the people were mostly making stoneware. They worked about four days in a week. The skillful men made a shilling a day — the women one shilling a week. And all the money they got above a meagre living went for folly. Bear-baiting, bull-fighting and drunkenness were the rule. There were breweries at Staffordshire before there were potteries, but now the potters made jugs and pots for the brewers. These potters lived in hovels, and what is worse, were quite content with their lot. In the potteries women often worked mixing the mud, and while at the work they wore the garb of men. ■Wesley referred to this fact of the men and women dressing alike, and relates that once a dozen women 4 wearing men's clothes, well plastered with mud, en- LITTLE tered the chapel where he was preaching, and were JOURNEYS urged on by the men to affront him and break up the meeting ^ S- Then comes this interesting item: " I met a young man by the name of J. Wedgwood, who had planted a flower garden adjacent to his pottery. He also had his men wash their hands and faces and change their clothes after working in the clay. He is small and lame, but his soul is near to God." I think that John Wesley was a very great man. I also think he was great enough to know that only a man who is in love plants a flower garden. Yes, such was the case — ^Josiah Wedgwood was in love, madly, insanely, tragically in love ! And he was liber- ating that love in his work. Hence, among other forms that his "insanity" took, he planted a flower garden. Q And of course, the flower garden was for the lady he loved. Love must do something — it is a form of vital energy — and the best things it does, it does for the beloved ^ jfi- Flowers are love's own properties. And so flowers, natural or artificial, are a secondary sex manifestation. <5 1 said Josiah "Wedgwood was tragically in love — the word was used advisedly. One can play comedy; two are required for melodrama; but a tragedy demands three .at J^ A tragedy means opposition, obstacle, objection. Jo- siah Wedgwood was putting forth a flower garden, not knowing why, possibly, but as a form of attraction. 5 LITTLE And John Wesley riding by, reined in, stopped and JOURNEYS after talking with the ownerof the flower garden wrote, " He is small and lame, but his soul is near to God." fOSIAH WEDGWOOD, like Richard Arkwright, his great contemporary, was the thirteenth child of his parents. Let family folk fear no more about thirteen being an unlucky number. QThe common law of England, which usually has some good reason based on commonsense for its existence, makes the eldest son the heir — this on the assumption that the first born inherits brain and brawn plus. If the first born happened to be a girl, it did n't count. The rest of the family grade down until we get "the last run of shad." But Nature is continually doing things, just as if to smash our theories. The Ark- wrights and the Wedgwoods are immortal through Omega and not Alpha. Thomas Wedgwood, the father of Josiah, was a pot- ter who made butter pots and owned a little pottery that stood in the yard behind the house. He owned it, save for a mortgage, and when he died, he left the mortgage and property to his eldest son, Thomas, to look after. Josiah was then nine years old, but already he was throwing clay on the potter's wheel. It would not do 6 to say that he was clay in the hand of the potter, for while the boys of his age were frolicking through the streets of the little village of Burslem, where he lived, he was learning the three R's at his mother's knee. <5 1 hardly suppose we can speak of a woman who was the mother of thirteen children before she was forty, and taking care of them all without a servant, as highly cultivated. Several of Josiah's brothers and sisters never learned to read and write, for like Judith Shakespeare, the daughter of William, they made their mark — which shows us that there are several ways of turning that pretty trick. Children born of the same parents are not necessarily related to each other, nor to their parents. Mary 'Wedgwood, Josiah's mother, wrote for him his name in clay, and some years after he related how he copied it a hundred times every day for a week, writing with a stick in the mud. Lame children or weakly ones seem to get their quota of love all right — so let us not feel sorry for them — everything is equalized. When Josiah was fourteen he could write better than either his mother or his brother Thomas, for we have the signatures of all three appended to an indenture of apprenticeship, wherein Josiah was bound to his brother Thomas for five years. The youngster was to be taught the "mystery, trade, occupation and secrets of throwing and handling clay and also burning it." But the fact was that as he was born in the pottery and had lived and worked in it, and 7 LITTLE JOURNEYS LITTLE was a most alert and impressionable child, he knew JOURNEYS quite as much about the work as his brother Thomas, who was twenty years older. Years are no proof of ability ^ ^ At nineteen, Josiah's apprenticeship to his brother ex- ypired. " I have my trade, a lame leg and the marks of smallpox — and I never was good-looking, anyway," he wrote in his commonplace-book. The terrific attack of smallpox that he had undergone had not only branded his face, but had left an inflam- mation on his right knee that made walking most diffi- cult. This difficulty was no doubt aggravated by his hard work turning the potter's wheel with one foot. The brother had paid him no wages during the ap- prenticeship, simply " booarde, meate, drink and cloatheing." Now he was sick, lame and penniless. His mother had died the year before. He was living with his brothers and sisters who were poor, and he felt that he was more or less of a burden to them and to the world — the tide was at ebb. And about this time it was that Richard V^edgwood, Esq., from Cheshire, came over to Burslem on horse- back. Richard has been mentioned as a brother of Thomas, the father of Josiah, but the fact seems to be that they were cousins. Richard was a gentleman in truth, if not in title. He had made a fortune as a cheesemonger and retired. He went to London once a year, and had been to Paris. He was decently fat, was senior warden of his village church and people who knew their business addressed 8 him as Squire. The whole village of Burslem only LITTLE boasted one horse and a mule, but Squire Wedgwood JOURNEYS of Cheshire owned three horses, all his own. He only rode one horse though, when he came to Burslem, and behind him, seated on a pillion was his only and motherless daughter Sarah, aged fourteen, going on fifteen, with dresses to her shoe tops. He brought her because she teased to come, and in truth he loved the girl very much and was extremely proud of her, even if he did reprove her more than was meet. But she usually got even by doing as she pleased. Q Now they were on their way to Liverpool and just came around this way a-cousining. And among others whom they called on were the Wedgwood potters. In the kitchen, propped up on a bench, with his lame leg stretched out before him sat Josiah, worn, yellow and wan, all pitted with purple smallpox marks. The girl looked at the young man and asked him how- he got hurt — she was only a child. Then she asked him if he could read. And she was awful glad he could, be- cause to be sick and not be able to read was awful! Her father had a copy of Thomson's "Seasons" in his saddle-bags. She went and got the book and gave it to Josiah and told her father about it afterward. And when the father and daughter went away the girl stroked the sick boy's head, and said she hoped he would get well soon. She would not have stroked the head of one of those big burly potters, but this potter was different — he was wofuUy disfigured, and he was sick and lame. W^oman's tenderness goes out to homely 9 LITTLE and unfortunate men — read your Victor Hugo! Q And JOURNEYS Josiah — he was speechless, dumb — his tongue para- lyzed! jt ^ The room swam and then tetered up and down, and everything seemed touched with a strange, w^ondrous light. And in both hands Josiah Wedgwood tenderly held the copy of Thomson's " Seasons." fN 1860, just a hundred years after John Wesley visited Burslem, Gladstone came here and gave an address on the founding of the Wedgwood Memorial Institute. Among other things said in the course of his speech was this: Then comes the well-known small- pox, the settling of the dregs of the disease in the lower part of the leg, and the eventual amputation of the limb, rendering him lame for life. It is not often that we have such palpable occasion to record our obligations to calamity. But in the wonderful ways of Providence, that disease which came to him as a two- fold scourge, was probably the occasion of his subse- quent excellence. It prevented him from growing up to be the active, vigorous workman, possessed of all his limbs, and knowing right well the use of them; but it put him upon considering whether, as he could not be that, he might not be something else, and some- thing greater. It sent his mind inward; it drove him to meditate upon the laws and secrets of his art. The result was that he arrived at a perception and grasp of 10 them which might, perhaps, have been envied, cer- LITTLE tainly have been owned, by an Athenian potter. Re- JOURNEYS lentless criticism has long since torn to pieces the old legend of King Numa receiving in a cavern, from the nymph Egeria, the laws which were to govern Rome. But no criticism can shake the record of that illness and that mutilation of the boy Josiah Wedgwood, which made a cavern of his bedroom, and an oracle of his own inquiring, searching, meditative, fruitful mind. QYou remember how that great and good Richard Maurice Bucke once said, " After I had lost my feet in the Rocky Mountain avalanche, I lay for six -weeks in a cabin, and having plenty of time to think it over, I concluded that now my feet were gone, I surely could no longer depend upon them, so I must use my head." And he did. The loss of an arm in a sawmill was the pivotal point that gave us one of the best and strongest lawyers in ^A^este^n New York. And heaven knows we need good lawyers — the other kind are so plentiful ! Gladstone thought it was smallpox that drove Josiah Wedgwood to books and art. But other men have had smallpox — bless me! And they never acquired much else jt jf. Josiah kept Thomson's "Seasons" three months and then returned it to Sarah \Vedgwood with a letter ad- dressing her as "Dear Cousin." You will find it set down in most of the encyclopedias that she was his cousin, but this is because writers of encyclopedias are literalists, and lovers are poets. Josiah said he returned the book for two reasons: First, 11 LITTLE inasmuch as he had committed it to memory, he no JOURNEYS longer needed it. Second, if he sent it back possibly another book might be sent him instead. Squire ^Vedgwood answered this letter himself, and sent two books, with a good, long letter of advice about improving one's time, and "not wasting life in gam- bling and strong drink as most potters do." Six months had passed since the Squire and his daugh- ter had been to Burslem. Josiah was much better. He was again at work in the pottery. And now, instead of making brown butter crocks and stone jugs all of the time, he was experimenting in glazes. In fact, he had made a little wooden workbox and covered it over with tiny pieces of ornamental "porcelain" in a semi- transparent green color that he had made himself. And this pretty box he sent to Sarah. Unfortunately, the package was carried on horseback in a bag by the mail-carrier, and on the way the horse lay down, or fell down, and rolled on the mail-bag, reducing the pretty present to fragments. When the wreck was de- livered to Sarah, she consulted with her father about what should be done. "We ask advice not because we want it, but because we wish to be backed up in the thing we desire to do. Sarah wrote to Josiah acknowledging receipt of the box, praising its beauty in lavish terms, but not a word about the condition in which it arrived. A few weeks afterward the Squire wrote on his own account and sent ten shilling for two more boxes "just like the first, only different." 12 Ten shillings was about what Josiah was getting for LITTLE a month's work. JOURNEYS Josiah was now spending all of his spare time and money in experimenting with new clays and colors, and so the ten shillings came in very handy. He had made ladles, then spoons, and knife-handles to take the place of horn, and samples of all his best things he sent on to his " Uncle Richard." His brother Thomas was very much put out over this trifling. He knew no way to succeed save to stick to the sanfie old ways and processes that had always been employed j* jt Josiah chafed under the sharp chidings of his brother, and must have written something about it to Sarah, for the Squire sent some of the small wares made by Josiah over to Sheffield to one of the big cutlers, and the cutler wrote back saying he would like to engage the services of so talented a person as the young man who could make a snuff box with beautiful leaves modeled on it. Thomas Wedgwood, however, refused to allow his brother to leave, claiming the legal guardianship over him until he was twenty-one. From this we assume that Josiah's services were valuable. Josiah had safely turned his twenty-first year before he decided to go down to Cheshire and see his Uncle Richard. He had anticipated the visit for weeks, but now he was on the verge of starting he was ready to back out. A formal letter of excuse and apology was written, but never dispatched. On the appointed day, 13 LITTLE JOURNEYS Josiah was duly let down from the postman's cart at the gate of Squire Wedgwood, Spen Green, Cheshire. QThe young woman who came down the steps to meet him at the gate might indeed be Sarah Wedg- wood, but she was n't the same little girl who had rid- den over to Burslem on a pillion behind her father! She was tall, slender and light of step. She was a dream of grace and beauty and her presence seemed to fill the landscape. Over Josiah's being ran a bitter regret that he had come at all. He looked about for a good place to hide, then he tried to say something about "how glad I am to be here," but there was a burr on his tongue and so he stammered, "The roads are very muddy." In his pocket he had the letter of regret, and he came near handing it to her and climbing into the postman's cart that still stood there. He started to go through the gate, and the postman coughed, and asked him for his fare. ^Vhen the fare was paid Josiah felt sure that Sarah thought he had tried to cheat the poor postman. He protested to her that he had n't, in a strange falsetto voice, that was not his own. As they walked up toward the house Josiah was con- scious he 'was limping, and as he passed his hand over his forehead he felt the pock marks stand out like moles. Q And she was so gracious and sprightly and so beauti- ful ! jt Ji He knew she was beautiful although he really had not looked at her, but he realized the faint perfume of her 14 presence, and he knew her dress was a light blue — the color of his favorite glaze. He decided he would ask her for a sample of the cloth that he might make a plate just like it. When they were seated on the veranda, over which were climbing roses, the young lady addressed him as " Mr. ^Vedgwood," whereas in her letters she had al- ways called him " Dear Cousin " or " Josiah." It was now her turn to be uncomfortable, and this was a great relief to him. He felt he must put her at her ease, so he said, " These roses would look well on a platter — I will model one for you when I go home." QThis helped things a little, and the girl offered to show him the garden. There were no flowers in Burslem. People had no time to take care of them. And just then the Squire appeared, bluff, bold and hearty and soon everything was all right. That evening the young lady played for them on the harpsichord; the father told stories and laughed heart- ily at them because nobody else did; and Josiah seated in a dim corner recited pages from Thomson's " Sea- sons," and the next day was frightened to think of his temerity J- Jt LITTLE JOURNEYS 15 LITTLE JOURNEYS HEN Josiah returned to Burslem, it was with the firm determination that he must get away from his brother and branch out for himself. That he loved Sarah or had any idea of w^edding her, fTM -i//K—=^ hewas not conscious. Yet her life to him US'^'^U^^^C^yl '^^^ ^ great living presence, and all of sm-^^^C^:^.^ his plans for the future were made with her in mind. Brown butter crocks were absolutely out of the question! It was blue plates, covered with vines and roses, or nothing; and he even had visions of a tea-set covered with Cupids and flying angels. In a few weeks we find Josiah over near Sheffield making knife-handles for a Mr. Harrison, an ambitious cutler. Harrison lacked the art spirit and was found too mercenary for our young man, who soon after formed a partnership with one ^A^hieldon, "to make tortoise-shell and ivory from ground flint and other stones by processes secret to said W^edgwood." Whieldon furnished the money and Wedgwood the skill. Up to this time the pottery business in England had consisted in using the local clays. \A^edgwood in- vented a mill for grinding stone, and experimented with every kind of a rock he could lay his hands on. Q He also became a skilled modeler, and his success at ornamenting the utensils and pretty things they made caused the business to prosper. In a year he had saved up a hundred pounds of his o^vn. This certainly was quite a fortune, and Sarah had written him, "I am so proud of your success — we all 16 predict for you a great future." QSuch assurances had a sort of undue weight with Josiah, for we find him not long after making bold to call on Squire ^Vedg- wood on "a matter of most important business." The inspired reader need not be told what that busi- ness was. Just let it go that the Squire told Josiah he was a fool to expect that the only daughter of Richard Wedgwood, Esq., retired monger in Cheshire cheese, should think of contracting marriage with a lame pot- ter from Burslem. Gadzooks! The girl would some day be heiress to ten thousand pounds or so, and the man she would marry must match her dowry, guinea for guinea. And another thing, a nephew of Lord Bedford, a rising young barrister of London, had already asked for her hand. To be a friend to a likely potter was n't the same as asking him into the family ! Josiah's total sum of assurance had been exhausted when he blurted out his proposal to the proud father — there was now^ nothing he could do but to grow first red and then white. He was suppressed, undone, and he could not think of a thing to say, or an argument to put forth. The air seemed stifling. He stumbled down the steps and started down the road as abruptly as he had appeared. What he would do or where he would go were very hazy propositions in his mind. He limped along and had gone perhaps a mile. Things were getting clearer in his mind. His first decision as sanity returned was that he would ask the first passer-by which way it was 17 LITTLE JOURNEYS LITTLE JOURNEYS to the river. QNow he was getting mad. "A Burslem potter!" that is what the Squire called him, and a lame one at that! It was a taunt, an epithet, an insult! To call a person a Burslem potter was to accuse him of being almost everything that was bad. The stage did not go until the next day — Josiah had slackened his pace and was looking about for an inn. He would get supper first, anyway, and then the river — it would only be one Burslem potter less. And just then there was a faint cry of " Oh, Josiah!" and a vision of blue. Sarah was right there behind him, all out of breath from running across the meadows. " Oh, Josiah — I — I just wanted to say that I hate that barrister! And then you heard papa say that you must match my dowry, guinea for guinea — I am sorry it is so much, but you can do it, Josiah, you can do it!" Q, She held out her hand and Josiah clutched and twisted it, and then smacked at it, but smacked into space Ji Ji And the girl was gone ! She was running away from him. He could not hope to catch her — he was lame, and she was agile as a fawn. She stepped upon a stile that led over through the meadow, and as she stood there she waved her hand, and Josiah afterward thought she said, " Match my dowry, guinea for guinea, Josiah — you can do it, you can do it." Just an instant she stood there and then she ran across the meadow and disappeared amid the oaks. An old woman came by and saw him staring at the trees, but he did not ask her the way to the river. 18 5SROM a shy youth, Josiah Wedgwood had evolved into a man of affairs, and was surely doing a man's work. He had spent five years making curi- ous earthenware ornaments for the Sheffield cutlers; and then with full one thousand pounds he had come ■^^ back to Burslem and started business on his own account. He had read and studied and worked, and he had evolved. He was an educated man ; that is to say he was a competent and useful man. He determined to free Burslem from the taint that had fallen upon it. "Burslem?" he once wrote to Sarah, " Burslem? The name shall yet be a symbol of all that is beautiful, honest and true — we shall see! I am a potter — yes, but I '11 be the best one that England has ever seen." And the flower garden was one of the moves in the direction of evolution. Occasionally Josiah made visits to Cheshire, riding forty miles on horseback, for he now had horses of his own. The roads in spring and winter were desperately bad, but Josiah by persistent agitation had gotten Parliament to w^iden and repair, at the expense of sev- eral hundred pounds, the road between Lawton in Cheshire to Cliffe Bank at Staffordshire. This was the road that led from where Wedgwood lived to where lived his lady-love. Josiah and Sarah had many a smile over the fact that Cupid had taken a hand in road-building. Evidently Dan Cupid is a very 19 LITTLE JOURNEYS LITTLE busy and versatile individual. Q Sarah was her father's JOURNEYS housekeeper. She had one brother, a young man of meagre qualities. These tw^o were joint heirs to their father's estate of something over twenty thousand pounds. Josiah and Sarah thought what a terrible blow it would be if this brother should die and Sarah thus have her dowry doubled! The Squire depended upon Sarah in many ways. She wrote his letters and kept his accounts; and his fear for her future was founded on a selfish wish not to lose her society and services, quite as much as a solicitude for her happiness. For a year after Josiah had exploded his bombshell by asking Squire Richard for his daughter's hand, the lover was forbidden the house. Then the Squire relaxed so far that he allowed Josiah and Sarah to meet in his presence. And finally there was a frank three-cornered under- standing. And that was that when Josiah could show that he had ten thousand pounds in his own name, the marriage would take place. This propensity on the part of parents to live their children's lives is very common. Few be the parents and very great are they, w^ho can give liberty and realize that their children are only loaned to them. I fear we parents are prone to be perverse and selfish. Josiah and Sarah reviewed their status from all sides. They could have thrown the old gentleman over-board entirely and cut for Gretna Green, but that would have cost them an even ten thousand pounds. It would also 20 have secured the Squire's enmity, and might have LITTLE caused him a fit of apoplexy. And surely, as it was, the JOURNEYS lovers were not lost to each other. To wed is often fatal to romance ; but it is expecting too much to sup- pose that lovers will reason that too much propinquity is often worse than obstacle. The road between them was a good one — the letter carrier made three trips a week, and an irascible parent could not stop dreams, nor veto telepathy, even if he did pass a law that one short visit a month was the limit. Lovers not only laugh at locksmiths, but at most everything else. Josiah and Sarah kept the line warm with a stream of books, papers, manuscripts and let- ters. By meeting the mail carrier a mile out of the village, the vigilant Squire's censorship was curtailed by Sarah to reasonable proportions. And so the worthy Richard had added the joys of smuggling to the natural sweets of a grand passion. In thus giving zest to the chase, no thanks, however, should be sent his way. Even stout and stubborn old gentlemen with side whiskers have their uses. And it was about this time that John Wesley came to Burslem and was suprised to find a flower garden in a community of potters. He looked at the flowers, had a casual interview with the owner and wrote, " His soul is near to God." 21 LITTLE ^0^]3^|^fEDG^VOOD knew every part of his JOURNEYS i^i^^^l^^ business. He modeled, made designs, mixed clay, built kilns and at times sat up all night and fed fuel into a re- fractory furnace. Nothing was quite good enough — it must be better. And to make better pottery, he said, we ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ must produce better people. He even came very close to plagiarizing \A^alt Whitman by say- ing, " Produce great people — the rest follows!" Wedgwood instituted a class in designing and brought a young man from London to teach his people the rudiments of art. Orders were coming in from nobility for dinner sets, and the English middle class, instead of dipping into one big pot set in the centre of the table were adopt- ing individual plates. Knives and forks came into use in England about the time of Good Queen Bess, who was only fairly good. Sir 'Walter Raleigh who never posted signs reading, "No Smoking," records, "Tiny forks are being used to spear things at table, instead of the thumb and finger method sanctified by long use." But until the time of Wedgwood a plate and cup for each person at the table was a privilege only of the nobility, and nap- kins and finger bowls were on the distant horizon. Q Wedgwood had not only to educate his workmen> but he had to educate the public. But he made head. He had gotten a good road to Cheshire, and an equally good one to Liverpool, and was shipping crockery in 22 large quantities to America. Q Occasionally Wedgwood LITTLE taught the designing classes, himself. As a writer he JOURNEYS had developed a good deal of facility, for three love letters a week for five years will educate any man. To know the right woman is a liberal education. Wedg- wood also had given local addresses on the necessity of good roads, and the influence of a tidy back yard on character. He was a little past thirty years old, sole owner of a prosperous business, and was worth pretty near the magic sum often thousand pounds. Squire ^Vedgwood had been formally notified to come over to Burslem and take an inventory. He came, coughed and said that pottery was only a foolish fash- ion, and people would soon get enough of it. Richard felt sure that common folks \would never have much use for dishes. On being brought back to concrete reasons, he declared that his daughter's dowry had increased, very much increased, through wise investments of his own. The girl had a good home — better than she would have at Burslem. The man who married her must better her condition, etc., etc. It seems that Josiah and Sarah had a little of the good Semitic instinct in their make-up. The old gentleman must be managed; the dowry was too valuable to let slip. They needed the money in their business, and had even planned just what they would do with it. They were going to found a sort of Art Colony, where all would work for the love of it, and where would 23 LITTLE take place a revival of the work of the Etruscans. As JOURNEYS classic literature had been duplicated, and the learn- ing of the past had come down to us in books, so would they duplicate in miniature the statues, vases, bronzes and other marvelous beauty of antiquity. And the name of the new centre of art was chosen — it should be "Etruria." It was a great dream — but then lovers are given to dreams — in fact, they have almost a monopoly on the habit — my, my, my! I RE AT people have great friends. Wedg- wood had a friend in Liverpool named Bentley. Bentley was a big man — a gracious, generous, kindly, receptive, broad and sympathetic man. Your J friend is the lengthened shadov^ of yourself. Bentley was both an artist and a business man. Bentley had no quibble nor quarrel with himself, and therefore was at peace with the world; he had eliminated all grouch from his cosmos. Bentley began as W^edgwood's agent and finally became his partner, and had a deal to do with the evolution of Etruria. When Bentley opened a show room in London and showed the exquisite, classic creations of Flaxman and the other Wedgwood artists, carriages blocked the streets, and cards of admission had to be issued to 24 keep back the crowds. Bentley dispatched a messen- LITTLE ger to Wedgwood with the order, "Turn every avail- JOURNEYS able man on vases — London is vase mad!" A vase, by the way, is a piece of pottery that sells for from one to ten shillings; if it sells for more than ten shillings, you should pronounce it vawse. On January 9th, 1764, Vi^edgwood wrote Bentley this letter: If you know my temper and sentiments on these affairs, you will be sensible how I am mortified when I tell you I have gone through a long series of bargain-mak- ing, of settlements, reversions, provisions and so on. "Gone through it," did I say? Would to Hymen that I hadl No! I am still in the attorney's hands, from which I hope it is no harm to pray, " Good Lord, De- liver me !" Sarah and I are perfectly agreed, and would settle the whole affair in three minutes; but our dear papa, over-careful of his daughter's interest, would by some demands which I cannot comply with go near to separate us if we were not better determined. On Fri- day next Squire Wedgwood and I are to meet in great form, with each of us our attorney, which I hope will prove conclusive. You shall then hear further from Your obliged and very affectionate friend, Josiah AA^edgwood. On January 29th, Sarah and Josiah walked over to the little village of Astbury, Cheshire, and were quietly married, the witnesses being the rector's own family, and the mail-carrier. Just why the latter individual was called in to sign the register has never been ex- plained, but I imagine most lovers can. He surely had been "particeps criminis" to the event. 25 LITTLE And so they were married, and lived happily ever after- JOURNEYS ward J. J. Josiah was thirty-four, and Sarah twenty-nine when they were married. The ten years of Laban service was not without its compensation. The lovers had lived in an ideal world long enough to crystallize their dreams J> j^ In just a year after the marriage a daughter was born to Mr. and Mrs. Josiah Wedgwood, and they called her name Susannah. And Susannah grew up and became the mother of Charles Darwin, the greatest scientist the world has ever produced. Writers of romances have a way of leaving their lovers at the church door, a cautious and wise expedient, since too often love is one thing and life another. But here we find a case where love was worked into life. From the date of his marriage ^Vedgwood's busi- ness moved forward with never a reverse nor a single setback jt ^ When AA^edgwood and Bentley were designated " Pot- ters to the Queen," and began making "queensware," coining the word, they laid the sure foundation for one of the greatest business fortunes ever accumulated in England jt jt Two miles from Burslem, they built the village of Etruria — a palpable infringement on the East Aurora caveat. And so the dream all came true, and in fact, was a hundred times beyond what the lovers had ever imagined. Sarah's brother accommodatingly died a few 26 years after her marriage, and so she became sole heiress to a fortune of twenty thousand pounds, and this went to the building up of Etruria. Wedgwood, toward the close of his life was regarded as the richest man in England who had made his own fortune. And better still, he was rich in intellect and all those finer faculties that go into the making of a great and generous man. Twenty-two years after his marriage, Wedgwood wrote to his friend Lord Gower, " I never had a great plan that I did not submit to my wife. She knew all the details of the business, and it was her love for the beautiful that first prompted and inspired me to take up Grecian and Roman Art, and in degree, reproduce the classic for the world. I worked for her approval, and without her high faith in me I realize that my physical misfortunes would have overcome my will, and failure would have been written large where now England has carved the word SUCCESS." LITTLE JOURNEYS 27 ^giJND what a heritage it was, you had the lord- ship over ! A land of fruitful vales and pastoral mountains ; and a heaven of pleasant sunshine and kindly rain ; and times of sweet prolonged summer, and cheerful transient winter; and a race of pure heart, iron sinew, splendid frame, and constant faith. H All this was yours ! The earth with its fair fruits and innocent creatures ; — the firmament with its eternal lights and dutiful seasons — the men, souls and bodies, your father's true servants for a thousand years — their lives and their children's children's lives given into your hands, to save or to destroy — their food yours — as the grazing of the sheep is the shepherd's ; their thoughts yours — priest and tutor chosen for them by you ; their hearts yours — if you would but so much as know them by sight and name, and give them the passing grace of your own glance, as you dwelt among them, their king. And all of this monarchy and glory, all this power and love, all this land and its people, you pitifulest, foulest of Iscariots, soppt to choking with the best of the feast from Christ's own fingers, you have deliberately sold to the highest bidder — Christ, and His Poor, and His Para- dise together; and instead of sinning only, like poor natural Adam, gathering of the fruit of the Tree of Knowledge, you, who don't want to gather it, touch it with a vengeance — cut it down and sell the timber. — John Ruskin. or tJje Belectaition of ^Smmortate^nlp We are prepared to meet your desires in the way of de luxe printing — circulars, booklets, addresses jf- ^ ^ JUST SEND ALONG YOUR COPY and we will give you an estimate. We have the paper of quality, ink that is right, presses of the best make, artists who lend their loving aid. Address ^ i^ ^ ^ ^ ^ CHARLES ROSEN, Superintendent of Printing THE ROYCROFTERS, EAST AURORA, NEW YORK F. S. Mr. Rosen was with The Roycroft Shop when the entire force conBlsted of one maji. two girls, and a boy— Rosen was the boy. MY OWN STORY ll^^'i^^;^ By Caleb Powers ^^at it is to be three times tried for murder, and twice sentenced to death. Q Published by Bobbs- Merrill Company, and for sale by all booksellers ,^ ^ ^ ^ ,^ ^ The Roycroft Furniture Catalog for 190^ ISNOW READY ERHAPS you should have It. It contains cuts of over a hun- dred unique and original pieces of furniture, metal lamps, or- namental copper and iron work, andirons, etc. The price of this catalog is four cents in stamps — see! Address The Roycrofters, East Aurora, Erie Co., N. Y. PLACE AN ORDER FOR A COPY OF JOAQUIN MILLER'S "trtje ^uilbins of Wiit €itp beautiful" < ERE is a book, by the famous "Poet of the Sierras," for all who love that which is good and pure and beautiful — and all who seek to help the world onward and to make life richer, nobler and more grandly worth the while. It is the latest and greatest of Mr. Miller's works, a marvelous story which is at once a prose poem, a romance, a master sermon, instinct with lofty "ethics, and probably the most finished social vision of our generation Beautifully printed on toned, laid-antique, deckel- edge all-rag paper ; hand sewed. Gold top. Cloth, with ornamental gold stamp. Contains an exqui- site photogravure of the author and his mother on genuine Japan Vellum. PRICE, $1.50 NET; BY MAIL, $1.58 Order from your bookseller, or ALBERT BRANDT, PUBLISHER 248 BRANDT BUILDING, TRENTON, NEW JERSEY (Catalogue of other " Brandt Books " sent for the asking) APRESENT FOR HER WHETHER TOU'YE dOT HER, OR OXLT IIYE IX HOPE Sonnets to a Slife ^ITHE noblest and best sustained sonnet-sequence ever produced in this country, nature poetry and love poetry,. picturesque, reflective, tender, passionate, pure, holy and of exalted idealism. By emc9t )VIc6aff ey With an appreciative foreword by the publisher, Mr. William Marion Reedy, and portrait of the author. Bound in padded, dove-colored ooze binding, gilt top, title em- bossed in gold on front cover. Enclosed in a strong, neat box, Price $1.50 Address WILLIAM MARION REEDY, THE MIRROR, ST. LOUIS, MO. A Book to Woo the Sweetest She The Books of Clarence S- Darrow (WN EYE FOR AN EYE— A story of the crimes of society against a ^** criminal. z2mo, cloth, 313 pages, $1.50 postpaid. Mr. Darrow as a lawyer has never made an argument more striking than this little tale of Mr. Darrow, as a writer New York Herald. As a human document, if not as fiction, ** An Eye for an Eye " may be unhesitatingly praised Boston Transcript. Mr. Darrow's new book is one that will hold the reader's interest from cover to cover New York Independent. It is intone more like Zola's splendid production, *'-t.*Assemnoir," than any other Writing we at present recall and it is not unworthy of being named beside it. — Salt Lake Tribune. jpARMINpTON— An Idyl of Boyhood, seen through the eyes of a mJI man. zarao, cloth, 277 pages, $1.50 postpaid. *' Farmington " is not a book to be taken from the public library, or even to be borrowed from an obliging friend. It is a book to owfi — to read by the winter's fire and re-read under a summer tree; a book to be kept on the shelf where the oldest favorites live. It is a book for boys, for women —but above all, it is a book for men who have once been boys.— The Dial. ^ ESIST NOT EVIL— ■^^ zamo, cloth, 179 pages, 75 cents postpaid. It is a startling arraignment of the doctrine of force and punishment. —St. Paul Pioneer Press. It will come very close to being a classic Denver Post. /Otf PERSIAN PEARL~A volume of essays and literary interpretations. ^^ Large i2mo, cloth and ornamental boards, z6o pages, on high-grade deckle edge paper, $1.50 postpaid. Each essay is a living, throbbing thing, with a soul that somehow caught the seven hues and with them painted life The Saturday Review, Atlanta, Ga. Their high literary merit and charming style render them %vorth reading, even by those who disagree fundameptally with Mr. Darrow's philos- ophy .—Chicago Record-Herald. JIKHE GREAT COAL STRIKE— Argument by Clarence S. Darrow, ^*^ Counsel of the United Mine Workers of America, before the Anthra- cite Coal Commission of igo2. lamo, aoo pages, cloth, $z.oo postpaid; paper 50 cents postpaid. A vivid and eloquent review of one of the greatest and most intense labor struggles in American history, with acute comments on violence in strikes, the right of resistance to oppression, and the progress of the labor movement in America. '^ffp'HE OPEN SHOP— A thorough discussion and defense of the demand ^^ of trade unionism for the closed shop. x6mo, paper, 32 pages, zo cents postpaid; one dozen 85 cents, one hundred $5.00. CRIME AND CRIMINALS— An address delivered to the prisoners in the Chicago county jail. z2mo, paper, 16 pages, zo cents postpaid, one dozen $z.oo postpaid. THE PUBLIC PUBLISHING COMPANY, First National Bank BolldiDg, Chicago, 111. J)K^0p^!5i?NCE upon a time there was a poet who ^(^fei^i^^ sang songs, and things. One of his songs i^^^W/^Vr^ went this way: ./o/ i*ji>«ri \rv. " For men must work And women must weep, Tho' the harbor bar be moaning." You needn't quote me as saying it, but I want to tell you that sort of stuff is — well, a back number; an explosion in ideas; an outgrown heresy, and— tommyrot. Men still work (sometimes) if the wolf gnaws hard enough, and there isn't anybody to work for them, but the woman who sits at home and "weeps" doesn't "go" to be sure, in this day and generation. In- stead, she gets up and hustles. There are so many un- happy women in the world. There are so many useless girls in the world. So much of talent and possibility, as well as ability, and energy and greatness gone to waste. This is due in part to lack of opportunity — in part to ignor- ance of their own gifts, and in part to a lack of the ambi- tion and energy that are the natural growth of talent in its proper setting. A plant thrives with what it feeds upon— wind, light, water and soil. Soil alone will not grow flowers; no more will talent thrive without effort. Effort is merely a sleeping beauty in the soul unless quickened by desire. Desire without knowledge is an impossibility. Many a girl doesn't dream that she is an artist, or that she holds the life and death of her own story in her own hands until she comes in contact with others who are forging away at the great workshops of human endeavor. The Roycroft community of workers appeals to me in many ways; chiefly in the way of mutual help and self-enlightenment. To tell all that is there, and all that is done there would fill a volume. It is romance, a thing of beauty, a drearn, and a simple, every-day workshop; a proposition in bread and butter, and a symphony in exquisite melody. We reached the place at ten o'clock and went at once to the Inn. The Inn is something too vast, both in structure and meaning, for brief description. It is of Doric and Grecian architecture, and is largely the inspiration of the Roycroft master's wife^ On the massive oaken door one reads this on entering: " Produce great people; the rest follows." The door into a great, deep, oaken-finished, burlapped hall, rich in the Flemish colors of oak, dusky with shadow and restful with the silence of home, and of safety. A big wood fire burned upon the hearth, the great logs resting upon huge andirons of the Roycrofters' make. There are numerous tables, all from the Roycroft shops, each supplied with Roycroft stationery, great, deep old chairs of hardy oak that was seven years in seasoning, into which you may drop and dream beauti- ful dreams before the fire while the snow falls noiselessly against the window pane. Only they do not stop at dreaming, these Roycroft folk. They carry out the thought in work, the skilled work of the hand with a soul behind it. The steps at the end of this hall, or room, lead up to bed- rooms which are in themselves an inspiration. On each door fired and cut deep in the oaken panel is the name of the artist to whom the thought of the builder is dedi- cated. William Morris, Beethoven, Emerson, Whittier, Elizabeth Barrett Browning, George Eliot, Rembrandt, and all the rest. Each room, to my mind, seems to typify the artist whose name it bears. There is a picture of each upon the wall, and a framed motto of some particularly happy thought from their works. George Eliot's room, for instance, is done in warm, rich reds, with Flemish finishings of woodwork and furniture. QOver the fireplace hangs a motto bearing a verse from her one great poem: Oh, may I join the choir invisible Of those immortal dead who live again In minds made better by their presence: In pulses stirred to generosity. In deeds of daring rectitude, in scorn For miserable aims that end with self, In thoughts sublime that pierce the night like stars, And with their mild persistence urge men's search To vaster issues. Every chamber is provided with a guest book where the visitor occupying it is expected, but not asked, to register. Opening the book lying upon the table in the George Eliot room my eyes fell first upon this: ,Dr. and Mrs. G. W. Hale, Nashville, Tenn., September 3, 1905. Moreover I found a long line of lovers the artistic-loving lady had left behind her among the Roycrofters. The Em- erson room is all dainty blues and curly maple. Emerson all through. RembrandtVis dusky and dimly suggestive of hidden thoughts and beautiful, strange lights, as in the portrait hanging on the wall. Each of these rooms, and there are too many to note the half of them, has its own bath, and its own summer, out- of-door sleeping room. These sleeping rooms open off the main bedroom; they hold a bed and rug. The walls about them are of glass, big, broad glass doors that are removed in summer, so that the occupant is literally sleeping out of doors. In the day they form the most de- lightful sitting-rooms. Of course there are groves and flowers and a beautiful, bountiful nature all about, or the place would be merely as a half-painted canvas. My own room at the Inn was the Ruskin, and embodied all the symmetry, the inspiration, the delicacy, and the harmony of the author of the "Golden River" and "Sesame and Lilies." It seemed to me the biggest room I ever entered, and I felt so very, very small in it, but withal in such tre- mendously good company. Crossing the threshold all the cares and fears, and the problems of unrest that had haunted, harassed and made heavy so many hours of life, seemed to drop from me, leaving me to pass, un- shackled of grief or tears, into a new, strange chamber of exquisite peace, where the spirits of love and freedom liad made their abiding place. The floor of my room was of polished oak; the walls were green burlap, and there was no ceiling, save where the great, solid oaken beams crossed and recrossed under the tall, pointed roof's comb. From these beams, suspended by heavy copper chains, a Roycroft lamp hung just above my Roycroft table be- fore my goodly hearth, where a fire of logs was crackling. The lamp was a shade of tempered green art glass, in a wrought-copper setting, some six by twelve inches in size. Under the shade six electric bulbs were glowing when I en- tered the room in the dusk of a snowy NewiYork evening. Q My windows, there must have been some ten, were draped with green curtains, and my bed, of heavy oak, and the quaint Roycroft pattern was snow white, and furnished with beautiful dreams. A Roycroft rag rug lay on my hearth ; near it stood a heavy little wooden Tocker that I knew was made especially for me to sit and darn stockings in, and here I was, instead, trying to train my steps into the paths of art, through the valley of dreamland ^ J- LOVE AND LABOR. At every turn of the place the eye falls upon a motto: some framed, some carved in wood and some on simple Roycroft paper, illumined and tacked at every turn and Corner. This, for instance, from Stevenson: Q" So long as we love we serve. So long as we are loved by others we are indispensable; and no man is useless while he has a friend." Stevenson's beautiful spirit seems truly to hover about the haunts of the Roycrofters. A fine portrait of him, the quaint, ugly, beautiful, real Stevenson, framed in oak, is one of the temptations of the warerooms. At Roycroft nobody dreams longer than is necessary to snatch a happy thought. Straightway you are expected to put your thought into tangible form. Moreover, every inspiration and help is ready to your hand. Anything you may do is accepted, and paid for if at all, worth while. If not, you are told how to make the effort more successful next time. THE SALON. One of the chief incentives to the artistic is the truly exquisite Music Room, or Salon of the Inn. It is a room of some fifty or sixty feet by about thirty, with beautiful alcoves, and windows set with glass that reflects, like a mirror, the exquisite scenes within. Oak, staunch, sturdy, unadorned, everlasting. The floor is like a piece of glass, with never a rug to be seen. The seats are of oak; deep, leather-cushioned, armed, full of luxury. Ceiling, floor and paneled walls are all of oak, until within a few feet of the top Nature ends and Art begins a* J* The whole story of Art, from its birth to the present day, is illustrated by the brush of a master, in the frieze of the exquisitely, almost ruggedly, simple room. Greece, Italy, England, Egypt, France, America: all are represented. There is a London fog and a Venetian sunset. An Indian wigwam and an Athenian temple. The lights along the ceiling are carefully hooded, and when in full glow bring out the rare coloring with magniflcent effect. There is no other adornment in the whole room; unless I ex- cept the grand piano, and yet it is brim full, to overflow. A curtain, a rug, the slightest hint of the flimsy would ruin on the instant the artistic dignity of the room. On the door as you enter yor|i:£'4^i^|^;o>tfy icho, cries of pain; the sun would onlyQ^miL'to-'fhpw t|s grief; each ruatlp of the leaf umi0^v,e a sigh; and all the floio«ra. only, fit to garUiii^ Reives. WILLIAM GODWIN AND MARY WOLLSTONECRAFT i-esi ■ f . ,';;r ' Single Copies 2S mmt'K By the Year, $3.00 Little Journeys for 1906 By ELBERT HUBBARD Wai be to the Hdni^ of Great Lovers T'h e Subjects are as Follows: 1 Josiah and Sarah Wedgwoo,4 2 William Godwin and Mary Wollstonecraft 3 Dante and Beatrice 4 John Stuart Mill and Harriet Taylor 5 Parnell and Kitty O'Shea 6 Petrarch and Laura 7 Dante Gabriel Hossetti & Elizabeth Siddall 8 Balzac and Madame Hanska 9 Fenelon and Madame Guyon 10 Ferdinand Lassalle & Helene vonDonniges 11 Victor Hugo and Juliette Drouet 12 Robert Louis Stevenson & Fanny Osbourne TEN YEARS OF THE PHILISTINE An Index & Concordance OF VOLUMES^TO XX Compiled by Julia Ditto Young. BQuiid solidly in Boards to match The Phili^ine ^THE PRICE WILL BE ONE DOLLAR THE ROYCROFTBRS EAST AURORA, ERIE CO., NEW YORK Entered at th« poBtoffica at If Mt Aurora, New Yorif, for transmission as second-class miUl mat;ter. Copyright, 1906, by Elbert Hubbard RespectabHity ELBERT HUBBARD'S LATEST BOOK HE work being a cosmic Litik Journey to tlie Home of Homo, be- ginning with the creation of man and continuing to the reorganiza- tion of the Equitable Insurance Company ^^^^jfi^jiju^ji This volume contains some of the best writing that the author has ever done, and is keyed through- out in fairly good humor ^ .^ ^ ^ ji ^ jk PRICE, in Limp Leather, Silk-Lined - Two Dollars A few on Imperial Japan Vellum, Bound in Three-Quarters Levant. The Price, say Ten Dollar* Two in Full Levant, Individual Books, Hand- Tooled, put up in Hand-Carved Mahogany . Boxes Trimmed with Amalgamated Copper. Price for Kach Book. One Hundred Dollars THE ROYCROFTERS East Aurora, Erie County, New York niture. Just about right for the individual who wants to keep his choice books by themselves. This case is forty inches wide, fifty-iive inches high, and fourteen inches deep. Four shelves. Weathered oak finish. Solid Oak throughout. PRICE, $30.00 THE ROYCROFTERS, EAST AURORA, N Y. m FOR THE ELECT OF SAINT JLOUIS ' the shop of Skinner & Kennedy Stationery Co., which is at 312 North Broadway, in St. Louis, The Roycrofters have a dis- ^P'^y °^ some Books and Things. And so Mary packed up and went over to Paris, lured by three things: a curiosity concerning the great social experiment being there Avorked out; an ambition to perfect herself in the French language by speaking only French; a writer's natural thirst for good copy. Qln all these things the sojourn of Mary ^A^oUstone- craft in Paris was a success, but tragedy was lurking and lying in wait for her. And it came as it has come for women since time began — through that awful handicap, her nature's need for affection. 38 TN Paris martial law reigned supreme ; the death tumbrel rattled inthe streets, and through a crack inthe closed case- ment Mary WoUstonecraft looked out and saw Louis XVI. riding calmly to his death. The fact that she was an Englishwoman brought Mary WoUstonecraft under suspicion, for the English sympathized with royalty. ■When men with bloody hands come to your door, and question you concerning your business and motives, the mind is not ripe for literature ! The letters Mary ^A^ollstonecraft had written for Eng- lish journals she now destroyed, since she could not mail them, and to keep them was to run the risk of having them misinterpreted. The air was full of fear and fever. No one was allowed to leave the city unless positively necessary, and to ask permission to go was to place one's self under surveillance. It was at this time that Mary WoUstonecraft met Gilbert Imlay, an American, who had fought with Lafayette and W^ashington. He was a man of some means, alert, active and of good address. On account of his relationship with Lafayette, he stood well with the revolutionaries of Paris. He was stopping at the same hotel where Mary lodged, and very naturally, speaking the same language, they became acquainted. She allowed herself to be placed under his protection, and their simple friendship soon ripened into a \varraer feeling. Love is largely a matter of propinquity. 39 LITTLE JOURNEYS LITTLE It was a time when all formal rites were in abeyance, JOURNEYS and in England any marriage contract made in France and not sanctified by the clergy, was not regarded as legal. Mary W^ollstonecraft became Mrs. Mary Imlay, and that she regarded herself as much the wife of Im- lay as God and right could command, there is no doubt. Q In a few months the tempest and tumult subsided, so they got away from Paris to Havre, where Imlay was interested in a shipping office. At Havre their daughter Fanny was born. Imlay had made invest- ments in timber lands in Norway and was shipping lumber to France. Some of these ventures turned out well, and then Imlay extended his investments on borrowed capital. The man was a nomad by nature, generous, extravagant and kind, but he lacked the pa- tience and application required to succeed as a busi- ness man. He could not wait — he wanted quick returns. Q The wife had insight and intellect, and could follow a reason to its lair. Imlay skimmed the surface. He went across to London, leaving his wife and babe at Havre. Mary made a trip to Norway for him, with a power of attorney to act as she thought best in his interests. In Norway she found that much of the land that Imlay had bought was worthless, being already stripped of its timber. She, however, improved the time by writing letters for London papers, and these eventually found form in her book entitled, " Letters from Norway." Arriving back at Havre she found that Imlay had dis- mantled their home, and for a time she did not know 40 his whereabouts. Later they met in London. Q When the time of separation came, however, she was suffi- ciently disillusioned to make the actual parting with- out pain. When Imlay saw she would no longer con- sent to be his ^wife, he proposed to provide for her, but she declined the offer, fearing it would give him some claim upon her and upon their child. And so Gilbert Imlay sailed away to America and out of the life of Mary \Vollstonecraft. Exit Imlay. N London the position of Mary ^Voll- stonecraft ■was most trying. Penniless, deserted by Imlay, her husband, with a hungry babe at her breast, she was looked at askance by most of her old acquaintances. There were not wanting good folks who gathered their skirts about them, sneezed as she passed, and said, "I told you so." Her brother Charles, a degenerate pettifogging barris- ter, with all his father's faults and none of his grand- father's virtues, for whom Mary had advanced money so that he could go to college, came to her in her dire extremity and made a proffer of help. It was on condi- tion that she should give up her babe and allow him to place it in a foundlings' home. This being done, the virtuous Charles ^vould get Mary a position as w^eaver in a woolen mill, under an assumed name, and the past 41 LITTLE JOURNEYS LITTLE which was past would be as if it never had been. This JOURNEYS in the face of the assertion of Pliny, who said eighteen hundred years before, that one of the things even God could not do, was to obliterate the past, and Omar's words, "Nor all your tears shall blot a line of it." The mental processes of Charles are shown in his sug- gestion of a pleasant plan whereby Imlay could be lured back to England, arrested, and with the assist- ance of a bum bailiff, marriage forced upon him. His scheme was rejected by the obdurate Mary, who held that the very essence of marriage was freedom. The tragic humor of the action of Charles turns on his assumption that his sister was "a fallen woman," and must be saved from disgrace. This opinion was shared by various other shady respectables who kept the matter secret by lifting a soprano wail of woe from the housetops, declaring that Mary had smirched their good names and those of their friends by her outra- geous conduct. These people also busied themselves in spreading a report that Mary had gone into " French ways," it being strongly held, then as now, by the rank and file of burly English beef-eaters, male and female, that morality in France is an iridescent dream — only that is not the exact expression they use. Hope sank in the heart of the lone woman, and for a few weeks it appeared that suicide was the only way out jt As for parting with her child, or with her brother Charles and his kin, Mary would stand by her child. It is related that on one occasion her sister, Everina, came to visit her, and Mary made bold to 42 minister to her babe in the beautiful maternal way LITTLE sanctified by time, before bottle babies became the JOURNEYS vogue and nature was voted vulgar. The sight proved too much for Everina's nerves, and she fainted, first loudly calling for the camphor. The family din evidently caused Mary to go a step further than she otherwise might, and she dropped the name Imlay and called herself plain Mary WoUstone- craft, thus glorifying the disgrace. This increased for- titude had come about by discovering that she could still work and earn enough money to live on by proof- reading and translations; and it seemed that she had a head full of ideas. There in her lonely lodgings at Blackfriars, in the third story back, she was writing "The Rights of Women." The book in places shows heat and haste, and its fault is not that it leads people in the wrong direction, but that it leads them too far in the right direction — that is, farther than a sin-stained and hypocritical world can foUov^. When men deserve the ideal, it will be here. If man- kind were honest and unselfish, then every proposition held out by Mary W^oUstonecraft would hold true. Her book is a vindication, in one sense, of her own position, for at the last, all literature is a confession. But Mary WoUstonecraft's book is also a plea for faith in the Di- vinity that shapes humanity and " leads us on amid the encircling gloom." It is moreover a protest against the theological idea that woman is the instrument of the devil, who tempted man to his ruin. Very frank is the entire expression, all written by a Tess of the 43 LITTLE D'Urbervilles, a pure woman whom fate had freed JOURNEYS from the conventional, and who, wanting little and having little to lose, not even a reputation, was placed in a position where she could speak the truth. Parts of the book seem trite enough to us at this day, since many of the things advocated have come about, and we accept them as if they always were. For in- stance, there is an argument in favor of women being employed as school-teachers, then there is the plea for public schools and for co-education. 5C;3^T^^^ILLIAM and Mary first met in Feb- ruary, 1796. In this matter dates are authentic, for Godwin kept a diary for forty-eight years, in which he set down his acts, gave the titles of books he read and named the distinguished peo- ple he met. This diary is nearly as val- '^^^^::=:^^^^ uable as that of Samuel Pepys, save that it unfortunately does not record the inconsequen- tial and amplify the irrelevant, for it is the seemingly trivial that pictures character. Godwin's diary forms a continuous history of literary and artistic London. W^illiam was not favorably impressed with Mary the first time they met each other. Tom Paine was present, and Godwin wanted to hear him talk about America, and instead Mary insisted upon talking about Paris, and Tom preferred to listen to her than to talk himself. 44 <5" The drawing-room was not big enough for this pre- LITTLE cious pair," says Godwin, and passes on to minor JOURNEYS themes, not realizing that destiny was waiting for him around the corner. The next time they met William liked Mary better, for he did most of the talking, and she listened. When we are pleased with ourselves we are pleased with others. " She has wondrous eyes, and they welled with tears as we conversed. She surely has suffered, for her soul is all alive," wrote Godwin. The third time they met, she asked permission to quote from his book, "Political Justice," in her own book, " The Rights of Women," upon which she was hard at work. They were getting quite well acquainted, and he was so impressed with her personality, that he ceased to mention her in his diary. Godwin's book had placed him upon the topmost tur- ret of contemporary literary fame. Since the publica- tion of the work he was fairly prosperous, although his temperament was of that gently procrastinating and gracious kind that buys peace with a faith in men and things. Mary had an eager, alert and enthusiastic way of approaching things that grew on the easy-going Godwin. Her animation was contagious. The bold stand Mary had taken on the subject of mar- riage; her frankness and absolute honesty; her perfect willingness to abide by the consequences of her mis- takes, all pleased Godwin beyond words ^ He told Coleridge that she was the greatest woman in England, and Coleridge looked her over with a philosopher's 45 LITTLE eye, and reported her favorably to Southey. In a letter JOURNEYS to Cottle, Robert Southey says: Of all the lions or literati I have seen here, Mary Imlay's countenance is the best, infinitely the best: the only fault in it is an expression somewhat similar to what the prints of Home Tooke display — an ex- pression indicating superiority; not haughtiness, not sarcasm, in Mary Imlay, but still it is unpleasant. Her eyes are light brown, and although the lid of one of them is affected by a little paralysis, they are the most meaning I ever saw. As for Godwin himself, he has large noble eyes, and a nose — oh, a most abominable nose! Language is not vituperations enough to describe the effect of its downard elongation. In mentioning Godwin's nose, it is well to remember that Southey described his own. In August, 1796, Godwin borrowed fifty pounds from Thomas Wedgwood, son of Josiah Wedgwood of Etruria, which money was to tide Mary over a finan- cial stress, and afford her the necessary leisure to com- plete "The Rights of W^omen." The experience of Mary WoUstonecraft in the publish- ing business, enabled her to make favorable arrange- ments for the issue of her book. The radicalism of America and France had leavened England until there was a certain market for progressive literature. Twenty years later, the work would have been ignored in silence or censored out of existence, so zigzag is the path of progress. QAs it was, the work sold so that in six months from the time it was put on sale, Mary had received upwards of two hundred pounds in royalties. 46 Recognition and success are hygienic. Mrs. Blood, an LITTLE erstwhile friend, saw Mary about this time, and wrote JOURNEYS to an acquaintance, "I declare if she is n't getting hand- some and knows it. She has well turned thirty and has a sprinkling of gray hair and a few wrinkles, but she is doing her best to retrieve her youth." Mary had now quit Blackfriars for better quarters near Hyde Park. Her health was fully restored, and she moved in her own old circle of writers and thinkers. Q At this time ^Villiam and Mary were both well out of the kindergarten. He was forty and she was thirty- seven. Several years before, William had issued a sort of proclamation to the public and a warning to women of the quest, that bachelordom was his by choice, and that he was wedded to philosophy. Very young peo- ple are given to this habit of declaration: " I intend never to wed," and it seems that older heads are just as absurd as young ones. It is well to refrain from mentioning what we intend to do, or intend not to do, since we are all sailing under sealed orders and noth- ing is so apt to occur as the unexpected. Towards the last of the year 1796, William was intro- ducing Mary as his wife, and congratulations were in order. To them, mutual love constituted marriage, and when love died, marriage was at an end. A sharp rebuke was printed about this time by Mary, evidently prompted by that pestiferous class of law- breakers who do not recognize that the opposite of things are alike, and that there is a difference between those who rise above law and those who burst through 47 LITTLE it. Said Mary, "Freedom without a sense of respon- JOURNEYS sibility is license, and license is a ship at sea without rudder or sail." That the careless, mentally slipshod, restless and morally unsound should look upon her as one of them, caused Mary more pain than the criti- cisms of the unco-gude. It was this persistent pointing out by the crowd, as well as regard for the unborn, that caused William and Mary to go quietly in the month of March, 1797, to St. Pancras Church and be married, all according to the laws of England. Godwin wrote of the mating thus : The partiality we conceived for each other was in that mode which I have always considered as the purest and most refined quality of love. It grew with equal advances in the minds of each. It would have been impossible for the most minute observer to have said who was before and who was after. One sex did not take the priority which long-established custom had awarded it, nor the other overstep that delicacy which is so severely imposed. I am not conscious that either party can assume to have been the principal agent in the affair. When, in the course of things, the disclos- ure came, there was nothing, in a manner, for either party to disclose to the other. There was no period of throes and resolute explanation attendant on the tale. It was friendship melting into love. Mary was now happier than she had ever been before in her life. She wrote to a friend: "My barque has at last glided out upon the smooth waters. Married to a man whom I respect, revere and love, who understands my highest flights of fancy, and with whom complete companionship exists, my literary success assured, 48 ^ary W o 1 1st on e era ft and the bugaboo of poverty at last removed, you can LITTLE imagine how serene is my happiness." JOURNEYS But this time of joy was to be short. She died three months later, September 10, 1797, leav- ing behind her a baby girl eleven days old. This girl, grown to womanhood, was Mary W^oUstone- craft Shelley, wife of Percy Bysshe Shelley, and with- out whom the name of Shelley w^ould be to us unknown. <5 In writing of the mother who died in giving her birth Mary Shelley says: Mary AVoUstonecraft was one of those rare beings who appear once, perhaps, in a generation, to gild hu- manity with a ray which no difference of opinion nor chance of circumstance can cloud. Her genius was un- deniable. She had been bred in the hard school of ad- versity, and having experienced the sorro'ws entailed on the poor and oppressed, an earnest desire was kin- dled within her to diminish these sorrows. Her sound understanding, her intrepidity, her sensi- bility, and eager sympathy, stamped all her writings with force and truth, and endowed them with a tender charm that enchants while it enlightens. Many years have passed since that beating heart has been laid in the cold, still grave, but no one who has ever seen her speaks of her without enthusiastic love and veneration. Was there discord among friends or relatives, she stood by the weaker party, and by her earnest appeals and kindliness aw^oke latent affection, and healed all wounds. Open as day to melting charity, with a heart brimming with generous affection, yearning for sym- pathy, helpful, hopeful and self-reliant, such was Mary WoUstonecraft. 49 ®t)e Pibliomaniac'g agfiignment of lIBinbtvsi X g By IRVING BROWNE or ar ar ■F I could bring the dead to-day, I would your soul with wonder fill By pointing out a novel way For bibliopegistic skill. My Walton, Trautz should take in hand, Or else I 'd give him o'er to Hering; Matthews should make the Gospels stand A solemn warning to the erring. The history of the Inquisition, With all its diabolic train Of cruelty and superstition Should fitly be arrayed by Paine. A book of dreams by Bedford clad, A Papal history by De Rome Should make the sense of fitness glad In every bibliomaniac's home. As our first mother's folly cost Her sex so dear, and makes men grieve, So Milton's plaint of Eden lost W^ould be appropriate to Eve. Hayday would make "One Summer" be Doubly attractive to the view ; While General Wolfs biography Should be the work of Pasdeloup. For lives of dwarfs, like Thomas Thumb, Petit 's the man by nature made, And when Munchausen strikes us dumb It is by means of Gascon aid. Thus would I the great binders blend In harmony with work before 'em, And so Riviere I wrould commend To Turner's "Liber Fluviorum," ar ar ar LL IMMORTALS should send their books that they want rebound to The Roy- crofters, at their Shop in East Aurora, N. Y. Hibe in tfje Companp of -y £LB£:KT HUB- BA.B.D on tHe Vital Need of this Great Betterment for tHe A.merican People. J& IN BOOKLET FORM: Ten Cents eacH; Se'ven Dollars and a Half a Hundredi by tHe THousand, your ^d'vertisement on co'ver, at Special Prices j^ ^ ^ THE ROYCROFTERS. at East Aurora. New YorK ^^^^E have used Oak, Mahogany, Bird's-eye Maple, Wal- 'rr/ nut and Ash. (All solid — no veneer). We furnished a bedroom in ash for the Roycroft Inn and it seems to be a favorite. Ash takes a most beautiful polish, and the grain is a thing to delight one's heart. We finish it to look like Ash, not to imitate Oak. Ash grows in this section and we have a quantity cut from our own woods. This lumber being home-grown, makes it possible for us to sell Ash Furniture for about ten per cent less than Oak Jt J- If you would like some of this Ash Furniture, send us ten cents and we will be glad to send you a sample of the finished wood and Catalog of our Furniture. Address The RoycrofterSf Furniture Shop EAST AURORA, ERIE COUNTY, NEW YORK THE PRESS reflects the activities of the world. The Papers of the country are full of VALUABLE POINTERS For example : A telephone line is to be built and the first one to obtain the information is the local editor. We send the item to a manufacturer of telephone equipment, who immediately gets in touch with the parties and secures their order before his competitor knows anything about it. The same idea applies to most any business. We have made a study of the COMMERCIAL VALUE OF PRESS CLIPPINGS and are daily supplying thousands of satisfied customers. We give you the information before the trade journals and pub- lishers of so-called trade reports know anything about it. No matter where you are or what your line of business, we can help you. Send $3.00 for a special trial month's service. One new order will pay for a year's subscription. CLIPPINGS on any subject from current issues for a few cents a day. We cover the entire country and read more of the leading publications than any other bureau. BOOKLET FOR A STAMP United States Press Clipping Bureau Thirteenth Floor Republic Buildmg, Chicago, Illinois ^ome Jfine pinbingsi ^r^lfl^^ have the following books, in il JLw -M fine bindings — full Levant — the ^■^'^■'^ work of our Mr. Louis H. Kinder. [Mr. Kinder's work compares fav- orably with that of the best Paris binders, living and dead. — Paul W. Bartlett, Paris, May 3, 1904.] Thoreau's Friendship Tall Copy on genuine Vellum Forty free-hand drawings $250.00 Thoreau's Friendship Japan VeUam. lUamined 60.00 G>ntemplations 150.00 A Lodging For the Night 40.00 Song of Myself 25.00 Self-Reliance, Emerson 25.00 The Man of Sorrows 50.00 Last Ride Classic VeUum.ispeciaUy illumined 100.00 THE ROYCROFTERS East Aurora, which is in Erie County, Nen> York BOOKS BY ELBERT HUBBARD A MESSAGE TO GARCIA & THIRTEEN OTHER THINGS: Being a book of Essays; 155 pages ^^•*'' TIME & CHANCE: A Narrative life of John Brown; «50 pages, in limp leather, silk lined ^-S* NO ENEMY BUT HIMSELF 1-25 LITTLE JOURNEYS TO THE HOMES OF GOOD MEN AND GREAT: 366 pages ^-O* AMERICAN AUTHORS: 415 pages 2-00 FAMOUS WOMEN: 429 pages 2-00 AMERICAN STATESMEN: 486 pages 2.00 EMINENT PAINTERS: 497 pages 2.00 ENGLISH AUTHORS: Book I. Roycroft hand-made paper, hand-il- lumined, limp leather, silk lined, a very beautiful book (some folks think); 144 pages 3.00 ENGLISH AUTHORS: Book II. Companion to above book; 162 pages 3.00 GREAT MUSICIANS: Book I. Companion to English Authors; 160 pages S.OO GREAT MUSICIANS: Book II. " " " 165 " 3.00 EMINENT ARTISTS: Book I. 150 pages 3.00 EMINENT ARTISTS: Book II. 155 pages 3.00 EMINENT ORATORS: Book I. 162 pages 3.00 EMINENT ORATORS: Book II. 165 pages 3.00 LITTLE JOURNEYS TO THE HOMES OF GREAT PHILOSOPHERS: Vol. I. 170 pages 3.00 LITTLE JOURNEYS TO THE HOMES OF GREAT PHILOSOPHERS: Vol. II. 164 pages 3.00 LITTLE JOURNEYS TO THE HOMES OF GREAT SCIENTISTS: Vol. I. 189 pages 3.00 LITTLE JOURNEYS TO THE HOMES OF GREAT SCIENTISTS: Vol. II. 174 pages 3.00 OLD JOHN BURROUGHS: in limp leather, hand illumined 2.00 CONTEMPLATIONS: Forty essays and about five hundred "orphic say- ings.*' Printed in two colors 5.00 RESPECTABILITY: 110 pages 2.00 Time and Chance, Little Journeys to the Homes of Good Men and Cheat Famous Women, American Statesmen and Eminent Painters, on this list, were printed by G. P. Putnam's Sons, but the books have been bound by the Roycroft- ers in limp chamois, silk lined, very roycroftie. No Enemy but Himself, is printed and bound by Putnam's. The Roycrofters, East Aurora, Erie Co., N. Y. "Silence is the Joyousest thing in the World" — Carlyle Dear Sir* FreevlUe, N . Y., Dec. 14, 1005 •.mfSytefrim nS?rtSrt'Tj?P„'™« ™"lV feoeWed, andperuBed thle day. The depUi of your argnment isper- «« mtad TtJl?nS;?5t'^2.'^fi?i"''' 'S?*'

%.? ™Py 0' yo" "Essay on Silence." There Is a feeling that comes over one as he rtnnrihv hS:rw^iS?7Hlt°','y'J"^'?B«' ">»* eannot Se made clear by verbal expressions-it must be nnder- to i^ It S^mJ^??S5'; i '»dJ!«a»' fie strongeet was far too weak to make one proper) y recognlie SiacSISli.SJ^SJi??!'^*!^,'^'^''' has brought home a great truth with wonderful force. No preacher ever i a^il^nn »i?ffi?ii?."^™""i* "<> lawyer- ever made so beautiful a speech; no doctor ever wiofe so profound » mesw, no autnor ever penned so true a thought; in fact, no mortal ever conceived so high a perfection. EDSSEL FAY TRIMBLE Dear Elbert Hubbard; ^^ Vesey.Street, New York City, Sept. 19, 1905 nd could not be m Yours sincerely. la eJartiv"thf°,?Ii,?^J?'^™"*" '' '''^ tha' ^« ^^'^' promised, and could not be more to the point. Thirty cents 18 exactly the nght price. Yours slncorelv. ALICE L. LECOUVER My bouor|d Friend and Exemplan Philadelphia, Pa., Aug. 19, 1906. eonr2Jfth™^^''5?''™5l!! '' poond to captivate every one who has an eye for truth. If language is made to frombegSS to mcf i" ^? \ ':«°'arkable essay . There is no concealment here, every pari of the book oanli? mil!SS ™iii5f.' '"S.'dghesf test of true art is that it makes every observer paint Ms own picture, the eat min^SifK,? .^5?"'°/J*® Suggestion; but in this wonderful little book you have transcended even the hlgh- Ynnhirvoi?™^'.?°45?^f^.^'"<'«Ten eliminate the suggestion, leaving the reader absolutely unfettered, vou have given wings of the inflnlte to the hitherto clogged feet of mortaUty. A. LAYMAN, M. D., 1630 North Eighteenth Street My Dear Fra- Paris, France, August 12, 1906. It> WniJ^JS F^lS'""!?^' "^' I •'a'"* looked into your "• Essay on Silence." There is nothing in it to prevmt S?rSiii^fIS.^°'!S?5- ^° word has been wasted, and there is not one line that can be misunderstood. In the li«iS^»^ many writings, we realize that the same thought has been framed in our own minds without havmg (Sto ??,.^S S.'HT^'^' and so It is that this last work of yours has found me most sympathetic and appre- VnSr iuir„^^°? "T"' J"" pages I am struck fregnently with resemblances to my own mental condition, in thi. hihi(?i?»S^ '.' sinjple, direct and convincing. T am reminded, in putting it down, of a certain passage 1. iS.niiSIf™i??i7' '"..'flneh It is set forth that from notMng God madeWveu and earth and all that therein i», conseQuentiy It is not surpristag that yon in this caae have done so well . With sincerest well wishes,! am your friend, GE6. W. STEVIINS. „ „ 14 & 16 White Street, New York, N. Y., Aug. 10, 1900 My Dear Fra; Ireceived to-day the ** Essay on Silence," and in this writing you see I fail to imitate ^our style. Thii little book was a revelation to me. I was never so thrilled by the eloquence of silence before. The Eony reads like an inspired message. Its style is so pure, so chaste, so simple, and withal so entrancing, that one caimot lay it aside until all its treasures are his own. It transcends all other Bo-called essays that were 2J5.wntten, and makes the whole succession of essayists, from Bacon down to Emerson, look like the price ac|ro book itself. Their bungling works were mere euavi— attempts; yours is an opus— an accomplishment. ^'Tere selflsbntes to confine its circulation to the people of ttilB favored land, already blessed with Heaven's Bbiucest gifts. The work should be translated into every Imown' tongue of the earth and sold the world over With congratulations, and hearty assurances of my distinguished appreciation, I beg to remain, V Very truly yours, WILLIAM EINSTEIN PLACE AN ORDER FOR A COPY OF JOAQUIN MILLER'S "tlTfie Puilbing of tKfjc Cttj> beautiful" ERE is a book, by the famous "Poet I of the Sierras," for all who love I that which is good and pure and beautiful — and all who seek to help the world onward and to make life richer, nobler and more grandly worth the while. It is the latest and greatest of Mr. Miller's works, a marvelous story which is at once a prose poem, a romance, a master sermon, instinct with lofty ethics, and probably the most finishedsocialvisionof our generation Beautifully printed on toned, laid antique, deckel- edge all-rag paper ; hand sewed. Gold top. Cloth, with ornamental gold stamp. Contains an exqui- site photogravure of the author and his mother on genuine Japan Vellum. PRICE, $1.50 NET; BY MAIL, $1.58 Order from your bookseller, or ALBERT BRANDT, PUBLISHER 248 BRANDT BUILDING, TRENTON, NEW JERSEY (Catalogue of other " Brandt Books " sent for the asking) ^^^E^ HE presence of a, higher, namely M ^J of the spiritual element, is essen- ^^^V tial to beauty in its perfection. The high & divine beauty which can be loved without effeminacy, is that which is found in combination with the human will, and never separate. Beauty is the mark God sets upon virtue. Every natural action is graceful. Every heroic act is also decent, and causes the place and the bystanders to shine. W^e are taught by great actions that the universe is the property of every individual in it. Every rational creature has all nature for his dowry and estate. It is his, if he will. He may divest himself of it; he may creep in- to a corner, and abdicate his kingdom, as most men do, but he is entitled to the world by his constitution. In proportion to the energy of his thought and his will, he takes up the world into himself jt jf- jt EMERSON ^jNN any little festive occasion where remem- xP' brance tokens are appropriate, a Roycroft Book is always in good taste. The following volumes are printed on hand-made paper, bound in limp leather and silk lined ^ ,^ ^ ^ Song of Myself Rubaiyat ^ Walt Whitman Rip Van Winkle The Law of Love Nature Self-Reliance Reading Gaol Respectability A Dog of Flanders Walt Whitman Omar Khayyam Hubbard and Stevenson Washington Irmng William Marion Reedy Ralph Waldo Emerson Ralph Waldo Emerson Oscar Wilde Elbert Hubbard Ouida THE PRICE IS TWO DOLLARS EACH THE ROYCROFTERS, East Aurora, New York fHE ROYCROFT INN at East Aurora, New York, was y built and furnished by The Roycifofters at an expense of over on^ hundred thousand dollars. It is probably the only, first-class hostelry in the world that is conducted by the people who erected the building, who made the furniture, and manufactured most of the decorjations that fit the rooms, fl The mural decorations in the "Salon " or music room took our Mr. Alex. Fournier two yesirs to complete. In addition to these the Inn contains over two hundred and fifty valuable paintings and original drawings and portraits. Beside the single rooms there are sixteen suites, consisting of an in- side dressing-room or parlor, an out-of-door veranda aleeping-room and a bathroom. These suites are furnished in oak, ash, cherry, curly maple and mahogany, the furpiture in each room having been made to match the woodwork. The chandeliers, drop light fixtures, and electric light fixtures on the walls are made of hammered copper after the designs by our Mr. pard Hunter, and completed in pur own blacksmith ^hop. ^ ,. . f All the beds are provided with box springs, our own make, atid-l^ktif, cotton mattresses made by our Mr. John Heller. With the excejptibh- of the Navajo rugs made by Roycroft Indians, in the reception room', the rugs and carpets were m^f by Roycroft girls seventy-five years young jt Jt ^^ Connected with the Roycroft Inn, and belonging to the place, are Medicinal Springs which possess marked therapeutic properties. The Roycroft also has an Art Gallery, Library, Music Room, BaUrdom and Lecture Hall — Steam Heat, Electric Light, Hot &' Qold Water, pri-, vate sewer plant — septic system — one mile from Inn, in construction. ((Good people with gourmet proclivities, who demand French deli- cacies & revel in the gastronomically complex & peculiar, will please go elsewhere. We cook for ourselves — but are gla dlB B bu t on a plate for you if you wish it. Q We have our own herd of JpHyg& Holstein cows, so our tables are supplied v^ith fresh milk anocream in abun- dance. The Roycroft garden of thirty acr«s furnishes our vegetables, and poultry and eggs we produce galore. CJThe table is not strictly vegetarian, but the intent is to supply milk, cream, eggSi cereals, fruiil— all prepared in so palatable a way that the system 4eman(|& less meat and is fully nourished and built up, the appetite being sat- isfied by products that are produced right at hand and are free frbm every possible deleterious efi'ect. ((Sickness at Roycroft is unknown, 9nd many who have come to us thinking they were ill speedily for- got it. Roycroft is not a sanitarium in the conahion acceptance of the word — our doctors are Moderation, Sunshine, Equanimity, Good Cheer, Fresh Air, Work! LOVE, thatcuripy^ It life stuff which holds within itself the spore of all imystie possibilities; that makes alive dull wits, gives the coward heart and warms into being the sodden sen- ses; th?it gives ioy and gratitvjde^ and rest and hope and peace; shall we not call thee Divine? VoL XVIU MARCH, 1906 No. 3 tKo Glomes of (great Hobersi r ELBERT HUBBARD lers are hopelessly given over to mysteries and jecy, to sig-ui.-and omens ^nd portents; they \y msaningi-^fi^t^ifa: and ^in out the th^t'-:' \uggesdon ttrii^^mness that scowling phi:: ■s cannot tofuaVW^- --^^ ^ DANTE AND BEATRICE Singk Copies 25 Cents . By the Year, $3.00 Little Journeys for 1906 ByELBERTHUBBARD WUl be to the Homes of Great Lovers ■The Subjects are as Follow*: • 1 Josiah and Safph Wedgwood 2 William Godwin and Mary Wollstonecraft ;♦ 3 Dante and Beatrice 4 John Stuart Mill and Harriet Taylor 5 Parnell and Kitty O'Shea 6 Petrarch and Laura 7 Dante Gabriel Rossetti & Elizabeth Siddall 8 Balzac and Madame Hanska 9 Fenelon and Madame Guyon 10 Ferdinand Lassalle & Helene vonDonniges 11 Victor Hugo and Juliette Drouet 12 Robert Louis Stevenson & Fanny Osboume TEN YEARS OF THE PHILISTINE An Index & Concordance OF VOLUMES I TO XX Compiled by Julia Ditto Young. Bound solidly in Boards to match The Philistine THE PRICE WILL BE ONE DOLLAR THE ROYCROFTERS EAST AURORA, ERIE CO., NEW YORK KnteTed at the postoffice at Bast Aurqra, New Yotic, fot tranBmissioa as secdndrfljfits mail matter. Copyright, 1906, by Klbert Hubbard Celebrate the Centennial of the Birth of William Lloyd Garrison by reading Garrison the Non-Resistant By ERNEST CROSBY JUST OUT '*An exceedingly interesting, well written, thoughtful sketch of the ca- reer of the greatest abolitionist,, William Lloyd Garrison. The little book is published at this time in order to direct attention to the centenary of its subject's birth, but it is quite welcome on account of its own intrinsic merits." — Record-Herald, (Chicago), "This little volume will serve an admirable purpose. The author has suc- ceeded remarkably in packing into small compass the substance of the life and work of the great anti-slavery leader, and has made the book as fasci- nating as a piece of high-class fiction." — The Advocate of Peace, (Boston). " Mr. Crosby has wrritten a vi^holesome book for the times, and we hope that it 'Will have a wide reading."— The Dial, (Chicago). 16mo, Cloth, 144 pages, with Portrait of Garrison Price, Fifty Cents By Mail, Fifty-Five Cents BY THE SAME AUTHOR "CAPTAIN JINKS, HERO" A KEEN SATIRE ON OUR RECENT WARS Profusely ILLUSTRATED by DAN BEARD " There is not a dull page in the book,"— South African News (Cape Town). "The author has added to our literature a notable wrork of satire, which, whether right or wrong, must appeal to all endowed with the national sense of humor.'* — New York Daily Express. 12ino, Cloth, 400 pages Postpaid, One Dollar Fifty THE PUBLIC PUBLISHING COMPANY First National Bank Building, CHICAGO, ILLINOIS & LBERT HUBBARD AFFIRMS the dignity and useful- ness of work. The Nautilus teaches how any one, by the power of rightly directed thought, may accomplish what work he will, and thus mold his conditions for health and success. The Nautilus does not preach. It phoves that self-help comes from self- knowledge. It gives practical help to its readers in the common, every-day problems of life and thought. It makes the reader think, to his own betterment and to positive improvement of his work. By it thousands have been inspired to go forward to greater success. IT Fra Elbertus says of the editor, that " her words go straight to the mark." f Besides Mrs. Towne's words of help and encouragement Tfie Nautilus also has regular contributions from EixA Wheeleh Wilcox, America's beloved poet, and from a number of other splendid writers. II Why don't you give Nautilus a four months' trial, — (only ten cents,) and Jet it prove the good it can do you? Or send SO cents for a year's subscription and two back numbers — fourteen numbers in all. Address ' the editor, Elizabeth Towne, Dept. 33, Holyoke, Mass. ^(;V%E have used Oak, Mahogany, Bird's-eye Maple, Wal- 'fjrf nut and Ash. (AH solid — no veneer). We furnished a bedroom in ash for the Roycrofl Inn and it seems to be a favorite. Ash takes a most beautiful polish, and the grain is a thing to delight one's heart. We finish it to look like Ash, not to imitate Oak. Ash grows in this section and we have a quantity cut from our own woods. This lumber being home-grown, makes it possible for us to sell Ash Furniture for about ten per cent less than Oak J* Jf' If you would like some of this Ash Furniture, send us ten cents and we will be glad to send you a sample of the finished wopd and Catalog of our Furniture. Address The Roycrofters, Furniture Shop EAST AURORA, ERIE COUNTY, NEW YORK A PRESiEINT FOR HER WHETHER TOV'TE GOT HEB, OB ONIT LITE IN HOPE Sonnets to a CQife '/It HE noblest and best sustained sonnet-sequence ever produced in this country, nature poetry and love poetry, picturesque, reflective, tender, passionate, pure, holy and of exalted idealism. By Grnest )yic6aff ey With an appreciative foreword by the publisher, Mr. William Marion Reedy, and portrait of the author. Bound in padded, dove-colored ooze binding, gilt top, title em- bossed in gold on front cover. Enclosed in a strong, neat box, Price $1.50 Address WILLIAM MARION REEDY, THE MIRROR, ST. LOUIS, MO. A Book to W(;)o the Sweetest She DOG OF FIAKDERS BY OUIDA ire DA is the greatest woman writer since mZM Sappho — and we know nothing about Sappho. QKn ir~l| ^k^ F Ouida is a stylist — she possesses po^er plus ; ir~V lOl every great living writer is debtor to her ; and iGi. WJ A DOG OF FLANDERS is the best example of her art. QiQ KWe have made the story up into a book, the best we 1(~W know how. |t is on Italian Hand-made paper, two colors, lOI nij special borders, initials & ornaments byRoycroft artists UtOl Qin Bound in Limp Leather, Silk Lined, $2.00 Qin QiQ A few copies on Imperial Japan Vellum UO JQJ Bound Three-Fourths Levant $10.00 K^ [gj THE ROYCROFTERSg} 10< EAST AURORA, ERIE COUNTY, NEW YORK >0< The Man of Sorrows BY ELBERT HUBBARD © EING a Little Journey to the Home of Jesus of Nazareth. A sincere attempt to depict the life, times and teachings, &. with truth limn the personality of the Man of Sorrows. Printed on hand-made paper, from a new font of Roman type. Special initials and ornaments. One hundred & twenty pages. A very beautiful book, bound solidly, yet simply in limp leather, silk-lined. A ahort time ago Mrs. Gertrude Atherton sef forth her opinion thus : ** American literature to-day is the most timid, the most ansemic, the most lacking in individuality, the most bourgeois, that any coiSntry has ever known," Mrs. Atherton evident- ly has not read "The Man of Sor- rows." Here Elbert Hubbard has done an immortal wrork — ^bold, earn- est, vivid— throbbing, with life— rev- erent and appreciatiye Los Angeles "Times." It was time this book was issued— it is sure to dispel much theological fog Philadelphia " Inquirer." Don't be afraid of Elbert Hubbard's " Man of Sorrows." The work is re- ' verent and thoughtful, and gives us the m^n Jesus as though he lived to- day. Washington "Star." We would all believe injesus of Naz- areth if we knew him. " The Man of Sorrows" reveals the man, with no attem'pt to make him anything else. New Orleans "Picayune." The price per volume Fifty copies in Modeled Leather A few copies on Japan Vellum, bound in Three- Fourths Levant, hand-tooled 10.00 Address THE ROYCROFTERS East Aurora, Erie County, New York, U. S. A. BOOKS BY ELBERT HUBBARD A MESSAGE TO GARCIA & THIRTEEN OTHER THINGS: Being a book of Essays; 155 pages $2.00 TIME & CHANCE: A Narrative life of John Brown; 250 pages, in limp leather, silk lined *•*• NO ENEMY BUT HIMSELF 1-«S LITTLE JOURNEYS TO THE HOMES OF GOOD MEN AND GREAT: 366 pages ^-O' AMERICAN AUTHORS: 415 pages 2-«0 FAMOUS WOMEN: 429 pages 2-00 AMERICAN STATESMEN: 138 pages 200 EMINENT PAINTERS: 497 pages 2.00 ENGLISH AUTHORS: Book I. Roycroft hand-made paper, hand-il- lumined, limp leather, silk lined, a very beantiful book (some folks think); 144 pages 8.00 ENGLISH AUTHORS: Book II. Companion to above book; 182 pages 3.00 GREAT MUSICIANS: Book I. Companion to English Authors: 160 pages 8.00 GREAT MUSICIANS: Book II. " " " ' 165 " 8.00 EMINENT ARTISTS: Book 1. 150 pages 3.00 EMINENT ARTISTS: Book II. 155 pages 3.00 EMINENT ORATORS: Book 1. 182 pages 3.00 EMINENT ORATORS: Book II. 185 pages 8.00 LITTLE JOURNEYS TO THE HOMES OF GREAT PHILOSOPHERS: Vol. I. 170 pages 3.00 LITTLE JOURNEYS TO THE HOMES OF GREAT PHILOSOPHERS: Vol, II. 164 pages 3.00 LITTLE JOURNEYS TO THE HOMES OF GREAT SCIENTISTS: Vol. 1. 189 pages 8.00 LITTLE JOURNEYS TO THE HOMES OF GREAT SCIENTISTS: Vol. II. 174 pages 3.00 OLD JOHN BURROUGHS: in limp leather, hand illumined 2.00 CONTEMPLATIONS: Forty essays and about five hundred "orphic say- ings." Printed in two colors 5.00 RESPECTABILITY: 110 pages 2.00 Kme and CJiance, Little Journeys to the Homes of Good Men and Oreat, Famous Wom^n, American Statesman and Eminent Painters^ on this list, were printed by G. P. Putnam's Sons, but the books have been bound by the Roycroft- ers in limp vhamois, silk lined, very roycroftie. No Enemy but Himself, is printed and bound by Putnam's. The Roycrofters, East Aurora, Erie Co., N. Y. Women who sail right into their housework, usually play hob with their hands Jt These soft, white, rubber gloves ward off splinters, dish water and dirt. Fine for washing windows. They are the best quality made on earth. Money could not make them one whit better. They retail over the country at $1.95. We will mail them to you on receipt of $1.00, and along with them a box of assorted rubber bands, over a hundred. You save just SO cents in the trans- actiony We do this to catch a few new customers, hoping to sell you other useful things from time to time. We are the second largest rubber store in America. Send us a dollar today for the Gloves and Bands. We refund money on anything that does n't suit. Give your kid glove size in ordering. Big catalog free. THE OHIO RUBBER COMPANY, 600 RACE, CINCINNATI, OHIO. To Banks, Trust Companies, Rail- roads, Factories, Department Stores ME can supply the following booklets, by Elbert Hubbard, by the thousand, with your advertisement on front or back pages of cover, all in de luxe form ^ ji ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ A MESSAGE TO GARCIA GET OUT OR GET IN LINE UNIONISM MISSOURI VALLEY BOY THE PARCEL POST For prices and samples address THE ROYCROFTERS, East Aurora, N. Y. COFFEE vs. COLLEGE Student Had to Give Up Coffee. Some people are apparently immune to coffee poison- ing — if you are not, Nature will tell you so in the ailments she sends as warnings. And when you get a warning, heed it or you get hurt, sure.? A young college student writes from New York: "I had been told frequently that coffee was injurious to me, and if I had not been told, the almost constant headaches with which I began to suffer after using it for several years, the state of lethargic mentality which grad- ually came upon me to hinder me in my studies, the gen- eral lassitude and indisposition to any sort of effort which possessed me, ought to have been sufficient warning. But I disregarded them till my physician told me a few months ago that I must give up coffee or quit college. I could hesitate no longer, and at once abandoned coffee. " On the advice of a friend I began to drink Postum Food Coffee, and rejoice to tell you that with the drug of coffee removed and the healthful properties of Postum in its place I was soon relieved of all my ailments. The headaches and nervousness disappeared entirely, strength came back to me, and my complexion which had been very, very bad, cleared up beautifully. Better than all, my mental faculties were toned up, and became more vigorous than ever, and I now feel that no course of study would be too difficult for me." Name given by Postum Co., Battle Creek, Mich. There's a reason. Read the little book, "The Road to Wellville," in pkgs. 1 / T> a nt e Little Journeys To the Homes of GREAT LOVERS Dante and Beatrice rf Written by Elbert Hubbard and done into Book Form by The Roycrofters at their Shop, at East Aurora, New York, U. S. A. A. D. MCMVI DANTE AND BEATRICE DANTE WHAT should be said of him cannot be said ; By too great splendor is his name attended ; To blame is easier those who him offended, Than reach the faintest glory round him shed. This man descended to the doomed and dead For our instruction; then to God ascended; Heaven opened wide to him its portals splendid, \Who from his country's, closed against him, fled. Ungrateful land! To its own prejudice Nurse of his fortunes ; and this showeth well. That the most perfect, most of grief shall see. Among a thousand proofs let one suffice. That as his exile hath no parallel. Ne'er walked the earth a greater man than he. —LONGFELLOW. DANTE AND BEATRICE lEORGE BERNARD SHAW has placed in the pillory of letters what he is pleased to call, "The Disagreeable Girl." S^ S^ And he has done the deed by a dry- plate, quick-shutter process in a way that surely lays him liable for criminal ///?OcfejSL-ACi libel in society's assize. I say society's assize advisedly, because it is only in society that the Disagreeable Girl plays a prominent part, assuming the center of the stage. Society, in the society sense, is built on vacuity; its favors being for those who reveal a fine capacity to waste and consume. Those who would write their names high on society's honor roll, need not be either useful or intelligent — they need only seem. And this gives the Disagreeable Girl her opportunity. In the paper box factory she would have to make good; Cluett, Coon & Co. ask for results; the stage demands at least a modicum of intellect in addition to shape, but society asks for nothing but pretence and the palm is aw^arded to palaver. But do not if you please imagine that the Disagree- able Girl does not wield an influence. That is the very point — her influence is so far-reaching that George Bernard Shaw^, giving cross-sections of life in the form of dramas, cannot write a play and leave her out. 51 LITTLE She is ubiquitous, omniscient and omnipresent — is the JOURNEYS Disagreeable Girl. She is a disappointment to her father, a humiliation to her mother, a pest to brothers and sisters, and when she finally marries, she saps the inspiration of her hus- band and often converts a proud and ambitious man into a weak and cowardly cur. Only in society does the Disagreeable Girl shine — everywhere else she is an abject failure. The much-vaunted Gibson Girl is a kind of de luxe edition of Shaw's Disagreeable Girl. The Gibson Girl lolls, loafs, pouts, weeps, talks back, lies in wait, dreams, eats, drinks, sleeps and yawns. She rides in a coach in a red jacket, plays golf in a secondary sexual sweater, dawdles on a hotel veranda, tum-tums on a piano, but you never hear of her doing a useful thing or saying a wise one. She reveals a beautiful capacity for avoiding all useful effort. Gibson gilds the Disagreeable Girl. Shaw paints her as she is. In the " Doll's House " Henrik Ibsen has given us Nora Hebler, a Disagreeable Girl of mature age, who beyond a doubt first set George Bernard Shaw a-thinking. Then looking about, Shaw saw her at every turn in every stage of her moth and butterfly existence. And the Disagreeable Girl being everywhere, Shaw, dealer in human character, cannot write a play and leave her out, any more than Turner could paint a pic- ture and leave man out, or Paul Veronese produce a canvas and omit the dog. 52 The Disagreeable Girl is a female of the genus homo LITTLE persuasion, built around a digestive apparatus with JOURNEYS marked marshmallow proclivities. She is pretty, pug-nosed, poetical, pert and pink ; and at first glance to the unwary, she shows signs of gentle- ness and intelligence. Her age is anywhere from eigh- teen to twenty-eight. At twenty-eight she begins to evolve into something else, and her capacity for harm is largely curtailed, because by this time spirit has written itself in her form and features, and the gross- ness and animality which before -were veiled are now becoming apparent. Habit writes itself on the face, and body is an automatic recording machine. To have a beautiful old age, you must live a beautiful youth, for we ourselves are posterity and every man is his own ancestor. I am to-day what I am because I was yesterday what I was. The Disagreeable Girl is always pretty, at least she has been told she is pretty, and she fully accepts the dictum S^ Sfr She has also been told she is clever, and she thinks she is S^ Sfr- The actual fact is she is only "sassy." The fine flaring up of youth has set sex rampant, but she is not "immoral" excepting in her mind. She has caution to the verge of cowardice, and so she is sans reproche. In public she pretends to be dainty, but alone, or with those for whose good opinion she does not care, she is gross, coarse, and sensual in every 53 LITTLE feature of her life. She eats too much, does not exercise JOURNEYS enough and considers it amusing to let others wait upon her, and do for her the things she should do for herself. Her room is a jumble of disorder, a fantasie of dirty clothes — a sequinarium of unmentionables, that is if the care of it is left to herself. The one gleam of hope for her lies in the fact, that out of shame she will allow no visitor to enter the apartment if she can help it. Concrete selfishness is her chief mark. She avoids responsibility, side-steps every duty that calls for hon- est effort; is secretive, untruthful, indolent, evasive and dishonest S«» Sfr "What are you eating?" asks Nora Hebler's husband as she enters the room, not expecting to see him. "Nothing," is the answer, and she hides the box of bonbons behind her, and presently backs out of the room Sfr Sfr I think Mr. Hebler had no business to ask her what she was eating — no man should ask any woman such a question, and really it was no difference anyway. But Nora is always on the defensive and fabricates when it is necessary, and when it isn't, just through habit. She will hide a letter -written by her grandmother as quickly and deftly as if it were a missive from a guilty lover. The habit of her life is one of suspicion, for be- ing inwardly guilty herself, she suspects everybody, although it is quite likely that crime with her has never broken through thought into deed. Nora rifles her husband's pockets, reads his note-book, examines his letters, and when he goes on a trip she spends the 54 day checking up his desk, for her soul delights in du- LITTLE plicate keys. JOURNEYS At times she lets drop hints of knowledge concerning little nothings that are none of hers, just to mystify folks Sfr S^ She does strange, annoying things simply to see what others will do. In degree, Nora's husband fixed the vice of finesse in her nature, for even a "good" woman accused parries by the use of trickery and wins her point by the artis- try of the bagnio. 'Women and men are never really far apart anyway, and women are what men have made them S©» Sfr Weareall just getting rid of our shackles: listen closely anywhere, even among honest and intellectual people, if such there be, and you can detect the rattle of chains. QThe Disagreeable Girl's mind and soul have not kept pace with her body. Yesterday she was a slave, sold in Circassian mart, and freedom to her is so new and strange that she does not know what to do with it. The tragedy she works, according to George Bernard Shaw, is through the fact that very often good men, blinded by the glamor of sex, imagine they love the Disagreeable Girl, when what they love is their own ideal i>fr S^ Nature is both a trickster and a humorist, and sets the will of the species beyond the discernment of the indi- vidual. The picador has to blindfold his horse in order to get him into the bull-ring, and likewise Dan Cupid exploits the myopic to a purpose. 55 LITTLE For aught we know, the lovely Beatrice of Dante was JOURNEYS only a Disagreeable Girl clothed in a poet's fancy. Fortunate was Dante that he never knew her well enough to get undeceived, and so walked through life in love with love, sensitive, saintly, sweetly sad and divinely happy in his melancholy. ,. IHERE be simple folks and many, who ^^ think that the tragedy of love lies in its ^1 being unrequited. The fact is, the only genuinely unhappy ~>"^ love — the only tragedy — is when love S^ wears itself out. 'MV^'^^^M)^ Thus tragedy consists in having your ll/ma^Im-MZj illusions shattered. The love story of Dante lies in the realm of illusion and represents an eternal type of affection. It is the love of a poet — a Pygmalion, who loves his own creation. It is the love that is lost, but the things we lose or give away, are the things we keep. That for which we clutch we lose. Love like that of Dante still exists everywhere, and will until the end of time. One-sided loves are classic, and know neither age nor place, and to degree — ^let the fact be stated softly and never hereafter be so much as whispered — all good men and women have at some time loved one-sidedly, the beloved being as unaware of the love as a star is of the astronomer who discovers 56 it. QThis kind of love, carried on discreetly, is on every hand, warming into life the divine germs of art, poetry and philosophy. Of it the world seldom hears. It creates no scandal, never is mentioned in court proceedings, nor is it featured by the newspapers. Indeed, the love of Dante would have been written in water, vsrere it not for the fact that the poet took the world into his con- fidence, as all poets do — for literature is only confession. Q Many who have written of Dante, like Boccaccio and Rossetti, have shown as rare a creative ability as some claim Dante revealed in creating his Beatrice. "Paint me with the moles on," said Lincoln to the portrait man. I '11 show Dante with moles, wrinkles and the downward curve of the corners of his mouth, duly recording the fact that the corners of his mouth did not turn down always. I think, somewhere, I have encouraged the idea of women marrying the second time, and I have also given tangible reasons. Let me now say as much for men S^ S^ The father of Dante married and raised a family of seven. On the death of his wife he sought consolation for his sorrow in the love of a lass by the name of Bella — her family name is to us unknown. They were married, and had one child, and this child was Dante. Dante, at times, had a way of mourning over the fact that his father and mother ever met, but the world has never especially sympathized in this regret. Dante was born in the year 1265, in the city of Flor- ence, which was then the artistic and intellectual capi- 57 LITTLE JOURNEYS LITTLE tal of the world. Q Dante seemed to think that the JOURNEYS best in his nature was derived from his mother, who was a most gentle, sensitive and refined spirit. Such a woman married to a man old enough to be her father is not apt to be absurdly happy. This has been said before, but it will bear repeating. Yet disappointment has its compensation, since it drives the mind on to the ideal, and thus is a powerful stimulant for the imagination. Deprive us of our heritage here, and we will conjure forth castles in Spain — you cannot place an injunction on that! Dante was not born in a castle, nor yet a house with portcullis and battlements. Time was when towers and battlements on buildings were something more than architectural appendenda. They had a positive use. Towers and courtyards were only for the nobility and signified that the owner was beyond the reach of law; he could lock himself in and fight off the world, the flesh and the devil if he w^ished. Dante's father lived in a house that had neither tower nor court that closed with iron gate. He was a lawyer, a hard-headed man who looked after estates, collected rents and gave advice to aristocratic nobodies for a con- sideration. He did not take snuff, for obvious reasons, but he was becomingly stout, carried a gold-headed cane or staff with a tassel on it, and struck this cane on the ground, coughing slightly, when about to give advice, as most really great lawyers do. ^Al^hen little Durante, or Dante, as we call him, was 58 nine years old his father took him to a lawn fete held LITTLE at the suburban home of Folco de Portinari, one of the JOURNEYS lawyer's rich clients. Now Signor Portinari in social station was beyond Alighieri the lawyer, and of course nobody for a moment suspected that the dark-skinned, half-scared little boy, clutching his father's forefinger as they walked, was going to write "The Divine Com- edy." No one paid any particular attention to the father and child, as they strolled beneath the trees, rested on the benches and were served with chocolate and cheese-straws by the servants. But on this occasion the boy caught a passing glimpse of Beatrice Portinari, the daughter of the host. The girl was just nine years old — the boy must have been told this by his father as he pointed out the fair one. The boy did not speak to her nor did she speak to him — this was quite out of the question, for they were on a totally different social plane. Amid the dim lights of the flaming torches he saw her — just for an instant! The whole surroundings were strangely unreal, but calculated to impress the youth- ful imagination, and out of it all the boy carried with him this vision of loveliness. In his "New Life" — what an appropriate title for a love stoiy! — Dante tells of this first sight of the beloved, somewhat thus : Nine times already since my birth had the heaven of light returned to the selfsame point almost, as con- cerns its OAwn revolution, w^hen first the glorious lady of my mind was made manifest to my eyes, even she who was called Beatrice by many who knew not where- fore. She had already been in this life so long as that, 59 LITTLE within her time the starry heaven had moved toward JOURNEYS t^^ eastern quarter one of the twelve parts of the de- gree; so that she appeared to me at the beginning of her ninth year, and I saw her almost at the end of my ninth year. Her dress on that day was of the most noble colour, a subdued and goodly crimson, girdled and adorned in such sort as best suited her very tender age. At that moment, I say most truly that the spirit of life, which has its dwelling in the secretest chamber of my heart, began to tremble so violently that the least pulses of my body shook therewith; and in trem- bling it said these words: Here is a deity stronger than I, who coming shall rule over me. [XSXJ fINE was a sacred number with Dante. He was nine years old when he first saw his lady-love, and she too was nine, not yet having reached the age of indiscretion. Nine years were to elapse before he was to speak with her. It is quite pos- sible that he had caught glimpses of her in the interval, at church. Churches have their uses as trysting places for the xinquenched spirit — vows are repeated there that have no witnesses and do not go into the register. There lovers meet in soul, and feed upon a glance when heads are bowed in prayer. Love lends a deep religious air to the being, and when we are in love, we love God. At other times we only fear Him. 60 I am told that there be young men and maidens fair who walk on air and live in paradise until Sunday comes again, all on account of a loving look into eyes that look love again, in the dim religious light while the music plays soft and low. The lover watched his graceful maid As mid the virgin train she strayed, Nor knew her beauty's best attire Was woven still in the snow-white choir. And where is the gray-bearded prophet who has yet been wise enough to tell us where love ends and re- ligion begins! But in all these nine years Beatrice and Dante had never met — she had not heard his voice, nor he hers. QOnly glances, or a hand lifted in a way that spoke tomes S^ Sfr He had developed into a dark, dashing youth given to falconry, painting and music. He had Aworked with Cimabue, the father of Italian art, had been chum of Giotto, to whom all cherubim and seraphim trace. At that time people with money who wanted to edu- cate their sons, sent them out at w^hat seems to us a very tender age, to travel and tramp the earth alone. They were remittance men who shifted from univer- sity to university, and took lessons in depravity, being educated by the boys. Dean Pluntre says that there were universities in the Middle Ages at Padua, Bologna, Paris and Oxford carried on in a very desultory way by pious monks, where the boys were divided by nationalities, so as to 61 LITTLE JOURNEYS LITTLE afford a kind of police system— Italian, Spanish, French JOURNEYS and English Sfr They caroused, occasionally fought, studied when they felt like it, and made love to married women — all girls being under lock and key for safe- keeping S^ S^ So there you get the evolution of the modern univer- sity: a mendicant monastery where boys were sent in the hope that they might absorb a little of the religious spirit and a desire to know^. Finally there were enough students so that they organ- ized cliques, clubs & secret societies, and by a process of natural selection governed themselves and visited punishment upon offenders. Next, on account of a laxity of morals and an indiffer- ence to books, a military system of discipline was en- forced: lights had to be out at ten o'clock and a student caught off the grounds ■without leave was punished. The teacher was a vicarious soldier. At that time each school had a prison attached, of which the "career" at Heidelberg is the surviving type. Up to the Sixteenth Century, every university was a kind of castle or fort and the students might at any time be compelled to do military duty. The college had its towers for fighting men, its high walls, its fortressed fronts and iron gates. These gates and walls still sur- vive in rudimentary form, and the sixteen foot spiked steel fence at Harvard is the type of a condition that once ■was an actual necessity — the place ■was a la^w unto itself, paid no taxes, and at any time might be raided. Colleges yet pay no taxes and are also quasi- 62 mendicant institutions. Qlt was not until well into the LITTLE Sixteenth Century that requirements, examinations, JOURNEYS system and discipline began to dawn upon the world. Before that a student was a kind of troubadour — a cross between a monk and crusader — a knight-errant of love and letters, and the moral code for him did not apply. An argument can be made for his chivalric ten- dencies, and his pretence for learning had its place — for affectation is better than indifference. The royster- ing student is not wholly bad. Poetry and love-making were to the velvet-breeched youth the real business of life. Like knights in armor he often wore the colors of a lady who merely smiled at him from a latticed window. If she dropped for him her glove or handkerchief, he was in the seventh heaven. As his intents were not honorable nor his pur- pose marriage, it made no difference whether the lady was married or single, young or old. Whether the love remained upon a Platonic and purely poetic basis de- pended, of course, entirely upon the lady and her watch- ful relatives. If the family was poor and the lover rich, these things might have a bearing. We hear of allian- ces in those days, not dishonorable, where the husband was complacent and looked upon it as a distinction to have worthy scions of greatness pay court to his wife. Such men w^ere referred to as "fribblers" or "tame- cats." The woman was often much older than the alleged student, and this seems to have been no dis- advantage, for charms o'er-ripe are oft alluring to^a certain type of youth. 63 LITTLE Such things now would lead to head-lines in the daily JOURNEYS papers, and snap-shots of all parties concerned, fol- lowed by divorce-court proceedings. Then, even among honorable husbands, the only move was to hire an extra Pinkerton duenna to attend the fair one, and to smile in satisfaction over the possession of a wife so much coveted — the joy of all ownership being largely the ability to excite envy. College rowdyism, cane rushes, duels, bloody Monday, the fag system and hazings, are all surviving traditions of these so-called universities where people who had the price sent their sons into the pedagogic bull-pen. QAs for centuries, youths who were designed for the priesthood were the only ones educated, so the monks were the first teachers, and the monastery was the college. In the Twelfth Century a college was merely a monkery that took in boarders, and learning was ac- quired by absorption. No records were kept of the students — they simply paid a small fee, were given a badge and attended lec- tures when they got ready. Some students stayed and studied for years, thinking the business of life was to cram with facts. Such bach- elor grubbers with fixed incomes, like pensioners in a soldiers' home, old and gray, are now to be seen occa- sionally in European universities, sticklers for technic- alities, hot after declensions, and happy when they close in on a new exception to a Greek verb, giving it no quarter. When they come to die they leave earth with but a single regret — they have never been able to 64 fully compass the ablative. Q But the rough-and-tumble LITTLE student was the rule, with nose deep into stein, exag- JOURNEYS gerating little things into great, making woeful ballad to his mistress' eyebrow. Such was Milord Hamlet, to whom young Dante bears a strange resemblance. A university like this where the students governed themselves, and the duties of the faculty consisted largely in protecting the property, had its advantages. We will come back to self-government yet, but higher up in the scale. It was like a big country school, in a country town, where lessons in self-reliance are handed out with the bark on. The survival of the fittest pre- vails, and out of the mass emerge no-w and then a strong man who makes his mark upon the times. Dante was back home in Florence from his sojourn abroad, a bit of a dandy no doubt, with a becoming dash and a touch of sophomoric boldness. He had not forgotten Beatrice Portinari — often had he thought of her — the princess of his dreams, and all the dames he had met had been measured with her as a standard. Q She had been married about a year before to a rich banker, Simone de Bardi. This did not trouble Dante — she was too far removed from him to be an actual reality, and so he just waived her husband and dis- missed him with a shrug. Beside that, young married women have a charm all their own — they are wiser than maidens, more companionable; innocence is not wholly commendable — at least not to a university student S^ S^ And now face to face Dante and Beatrice meet. 65 LITTLE It is the first, the last, the only time they were to meet JOURNEYS on earth. They meet. She is walking with two women friends, one on either side S^ Sfr She is clothed in pure white — her friends in darker raiment. She looks like an angel of light. Dante and Beatrice are not expecting to meet — there is no time for embarrassment. How did she know that young Dante Alighieri had returned — she must have been dreaming of him — think- ing of him ! There she stands right before him — tall, graceful, intel- lectual, smiling. Eyes look into eyes and flash recognition. The earth seems to swirl under Dante's feet. He uncovers his head and is about to sink to his knees, but she sus- tains him with a w^ord of welcome and holds out the tips of her fingers for him to touch. She is older now than he — she is married, and a mar- ried woman of eighteen may surely reassure a boy who is only eighteen! "We have missed you from the church and from our streets — you look well. Gentle Sir! Welcome back to our Florence! Good evening!" The three women move on — Dante tries to, but stands rooted like one of those human trees he was afterward to see in purgatory. He follows her with his eyes, and just once she looks back and smiles as the three women are lost in the throng. 66 That chance meeting, the salutation and the smile LITTLE were to write themselves into the "Vita Nuova." JOURNEYS Dante had begun a New Life. ||HE City of Florence at this time was prosperous. The churches had their pagan holidays, fetes and festivals, and gayety was the rule. Out at Fiesole and Vallambrosa, where the leaves fall, ^^ there were Courts of Love where poets "^ chanted their lays and singers sang. In .MZJ all this life Dante took a prominent part, for while he was not of noble birth he was of noble bearing. There were rival political parties then in Florence and instead of settling their difficulties at the polls, they had resource to the cobblestone and club. When the Guelfs routed the Ghibellines from the city, Dante served as a soldier, or was sworn in as a deputy sheriff, and did some valiant fighting for the Guelfs, for which privilege he was to pay when the Ghibellines came back. Just what his every-day occupation was we are not sure, but as he was admitted a member of the Guild of Apothecaries we assume that he clerked in a drug store, and often expressed himself thus, "Lady, I am all out of liverwort to-day, but I have here something just as good." 67 LITTLE And he read her a few stanzas from the "Vita Nuova," JOURNEYS that he had just written behind the screen at the pre- scription counter. In the year 1289, Charles Martel, son of Charles II., came to Florence and Dante was appointed one of the committee to look after his entertainment, Martel was a man of intelligence and discrimination, a lover of letters and art. He and Dante became fast friends, and it seems Dante became a kind of honorary member of his court. Dante could paint a little; he played on the harp and he also recited his own poems. His love of Beatrice de Bardi was an open secret — all Florence knew of it. He had sung her beauty, her art, her intelligence in a way that made both locally famous. He had written a poem on the sixty chief belles of Florence, and in this list he had not placed Beatrice first, but ninth. Just why he did this, unless to em- phasize his favorite number, we do not know. In any event it made more talk than if he had placed her first. Q And once at church where he had followed Beatrice, he made eyes openly at another lady, to distract the attention of the observing public. The plan worked so well that Beatrice, seeing the flirtation, shortly after- ward met Dante and cut him dead — or to use his own phrase "withheld her salutation." This caused the young man such bitter pain that he wrote a veiled poem, explaining the actual facts. These facts were that out of his great love for Beatrice, in order to protect her good name, he had openly made 68 love to another. QI said that the fact that Beatrice LITTLE had declined to speak to Dante as they passed by had JOURNEYS caused him bitter pain. This is true, but after a few days the matter took on a new light. If Beatrice was indifferent to him why should she be displeased when he had made eyes at another? She evidently was jealous and Dante was in a para- dise of delight, or in purgatory, or both according to the way the wind sat. There is no reason to suppose that Dante and Beatrice ever met and talked things over. She was closely guarded, and evidently ran no risk of smirching her good name by associating with a troubadour student. He could sing songs about her — this she could not help, but beyond this there was nothing doing. Only once after this did they come near meeting. It was at a wedding party where Dante had gone evidently without invitation. He inwardly debated whether he should remain to the feast or not, and the ayes had it. Q He was about to be seated at the table when a sud- den sense of first heat and then cold came over him and he grasped his chair for support. The light seemed blinding. He closed his eyes, and then opened them and looking up, on the opposite side of the room he saw his Beatrice] A friend seeing his agitation and thinking him ill, led him forth into the open air and there chafed his icy fingers asking, "What can it be — what is the matter?" QAnd Dante answered, "Of a surety I have set my feet on a point of life beyond which he must not pass 69 LITTLE who would return!" fl[ Immediately thereafter — prob- JOURNEYS ably the next day— Dante began a poem, carefully thought out, in celebration of the beauty and virtue of Beatrice. He had written but one stanza when he tells us that, "The Lord God of justice called my most gra- cious Lady to Himself." And Beatrice was dead, aged twenty-five years. Through her death Dante was indeed wedded to her memory. He calls her the bride of his soul. rE cannot resign from life gracefully. ^A^ork has to be performed even when calamity comes and ■we stand by an open grave and ask old Job's question, "If a man die shall he live again?" Q Dante felt sure that Beatrice must live again in all her loveliness. "Heaven '^^^^SZI^^J^ had need of her," he cries in his grief. And then again, "She belonged not here, and so God took her to Himself." At first he was dumb with sorrow, then tears came to his relief, and a little later he eased his soul through expression: he indited an open letter, a kind of poetic proclamation to the citizens of Florence, rehearsing their loss and offering them consolation in the thought that they now had a guardian angel in heaven. The lover, like an artist or skilled workman, always exaggerates the importance of his passion, and links 70 his love with the universal welfare of mankind. Q And stay! after all he may be right — who knows! So a year passed away in sadness, with a few bad turnings into sensuality foUo-wed by repenting in verse. It was the anniversary of her death, and Dante was outlining angels to illustrate his sonnets wherein he apotheosized Beatrice. And behold! as he day-dreamed of his Beatrice, sweet consolation came in double form. First he saw a gentle lady who looked very much like the lady he lost. Lovers are always looking for resem- blances — on the street, in churches, at the theatre or concert, in travel — looking always, ever looking for the form and face of the beloved. Strange resemblances are observed — persons are fol- lowed — the height, gait, attire, carriage of the head are noted and heart beats fast ! So Dante saw a lady who seemed to have the same dignity of carriage, a like nobility of features, a look as luminous and a glance as telling as those of Beatrice. Evidently he paid court to her with so much success that he turned from her and recriminated himself for having his passion aroused by a counterfeit. She looked the part, but her feet were clay and so were heart and head, and Dante turned again to his ideal, Beatrice in heaven S^ Sfr And with the turning came the thought of paradise! He would visit Beatrice in heaven and she would meet him at the gates and guide his way. The visit was to be one personally conducted. 71 LITTLE JOURNEYS I^ITTLE Every great and beautiful thing was once an unuttered JOURNEYS thought; and we know the time and almost the place where Dante conceived the idea of the Divine Comedy. Cf The new Beatrice he had found was only a plaster paris cast of the original — Dante's mind recoiled from her to the genuine, that is to the intangible, which proves that even commonplace women have their uses. QAt this time while he was revolving the nebulous Commedia in his mind, he read Cicero's Essay on Friendship, and dived deep into the philosophy of Epictetus and Plato. Then he printed a card in big let- ters and placed it on his table where he could see it continually — "Philosophy is the cure for love!" But it was n't — excepting for a fe-w days when he wrote some stanzas directed to the world declaring that his former poems referring to Beatrice merely pictured her as "Philosophy, the beautiful woman, daughter of the Great Emperor of the Universe." He declared that all of his odes to his gentle lady were odes to philosophy to which all wise men turn for consolation in time of trouble S^ Sfr Nothing matters much — pish! It was the struggle of the poet and the good man, try- ing to convince himself that he travels the fastest who travels alone. Dante must have held the stern and placid pose of Plato the confirmed bachelor, for a full week, then tears came and melted his artificial granite. And as for Plato the confirmed bachelor, legend has it that he was confirmed by a woman. 72 TN the train of Boccaccio traveled a nephew of Dante who had his illustri- ous uncle's history at his tongue's end. Q From this nephew we get the state- ment that the marriage of Dante and Gemma Donati in 1292, when Dante was twenty-seven, was a little matter arranged by the friends of both parties. Dante was dreamy, melancholy and unreliable — mar- riage would sober his poetic debauch and cause him to settle down! Ruskin, it will be remembered, was looked after by the match-makers in much the same way. So Dante was married. Some say that his wife was the gentle lady who looked like Beatrice, but this is pure conjecture. Four children w^ere born to them in seven years. One of these was named Beatrice, which seems to prove that the wife of Dante was aware of his great passion. One of the sons became a college professor and wrote a commentary on "The Commedia" and also an unneeded defense of his father's character and motives in making love to a married lady. Dante was a man of influence in the affairs of the city. He occupied civic offices of distinction, wrote addresses and occasionally poems wherein he glorified his friends and referred scathingly to his political adversaries. Gemma must have been a woman of more than average brain and intelligence, for when her husband was ban- ished from Florence by the successful Ghibellines, she kept her little family together, worked hard, educated 73 LITTLE JOURNEYS LITTLE her children, and Boccaccio says lived honorably and JOURNEYS indulged in no repining. So far as we know, Dante sent no remittances home. He moved from one university to another and accepted invitations from nobility to tarry at their castles. He dressed in melancholy black and read his poems to polite assemblies. Now and then he gave lectures. He was followed by spies, or thought he w^as, and now and then quarreled with his associates or host, and made due note of the fact, leaving the matter to be adjusted when he had time and wanted raw stock for his writings S^ And all the time he mourned not for the loss of Gemma and his children, but for Beatrice. She it was who met him and Virgil at the gates of paradise and guided them about the place, explaining its art, ethics and economics, and pointing out the notables. Dante placed in paradise all those who had befriended him most and praised his poems. People he did not like he deposited in hell, for Dante was human. That is what hell is for — a place to put people who disagree with us. Milton was profoundly influenced by Dante, and in fact was very much like him, save that though he had the felicity to be legally married three times, yet there is no sign of passionate love in his life. Henley says that without Dante we should have had no Milton, and how much Dante and Milton have influenced the popular conception of the Christian religion, no man can say. 74 Even as conservative a man as Archdeacon Farrar in one of his Clark lectures said: "Our orthodox faith seems to trace a genesis to the genius of Dante, with St. Paul and Jesus as secondary or contributing influ- ences." Sfr Sfr After five years' wandering, Dante was notified that he could return to Florence on making due apology to the reigning powers and walking in the procession of hum- ble transgressors. The letter he wrote in reply is still in existence. He scorned pardon, since he had been guilty of no offense, and he would return with honor or not at all. This letter secured him a second indictment wherein it was provided that he should be burned alive if he set foot inside the republic. This sentence was not revoked until 1494, and as Dante had then been dead over a hundred years, it was of small avail on earth. The plan, however, of pardoning dead men was so that their souls could be gotten out of purgatory legally, the idea being that man's law and justice ■were closely w^oven with the Law of God, and that God punished offenses against the State, just as He would offenses against the Church. Hence it was necessary for the State and Church to quash their indictment before God could do the same. People who believe that governments and religious denominations are divine institutions will see the con- sistency and necessity of Pope Alexander IV. and Lorenzo de Medici combining and issuing a pardon in Dante's favor one hundred and seventy years after his 75 LITTLE JOURNEYS LITTLE death. He surely had been in purgatory long enough. JOURNEYS Q Dante died at Ravenna in 1321, aged fifty-six years. It seems that he had gone there to see his daughter, Beatrice, who was in a nunnery just outside the city walls. There his dust rests. If it be true that much of modern Christianity traces to Dante, it is no less true that he is the father of modern literature. He is the first writer of worth to emerge out of that night of darkness called the Middle Ages Sfr Sfr His language is tender and full of sweet, gentle imagery. He knew the value of symbols and his words often cast a purple shadow. His style is pliable, flexible — fluid, and he shows rare skill in suggesting a thing that it would be absurd to describe. Dante was an artist in words, and in imagination a master. The history of literature can never be written and the name of Dante left out. And he, of all wri- ters, most vividly portrays the truth that without love, human love, there would be no such thing as poetry. 76 ^t^^f OR the better information of ^M^f Subscribers to Hittlt Sfonvntvi ^^ B^ we wish to explain that the ■ I issues for January, March, W M April, May, June, August and ^^^^ October have only ONE por- trait. The following issues have TWO portraits each: February, July, Septem- ber, November and December J- ^ ^ ^ fl Please do not w^rite us for the second portrait for such issues where wre only have one — we vtrould send the second portrait if vre had it. Not having it we cannot send it arararorarararararararar THE ROYCROFTERS, East Aurora SOUVENIR POSTAL CARDS Being Views of East K^ TWENTY Different Aurora Folks and Jf^ ^ards for THIRTY Things, taken at the Kb Roycroft Shop^^ ^ CENTS — Stamps ! THE ROYCROFTERS, EAST AURORA, N. Y. THE PARCEL POvST Being Three Short, Sharp Preachments \3-y KLBE-RT HUB- BAR.D on the Vital Need, of this Great Betterment for the >Vinerican People. ^ IN BOOKLET FORM: Ten Centa each; Seven Dollars and a Half a Hundred} hy the Xhousand, your ^d-vertisement on cover, at Special Prices <^ ^ ^ THE ROYCROFTERS, at East Aurora, New YorK "It Links the Nations in One Language." Price 25 Cenb Annnal SubicriptioB $2.50 I A MAGAZINE »i I!2W«RID'SB6ST*^ P1CTI9M THE PRESS OF AMERICA ANSWERS QUESTIONS WHAT IS TALES? "A new magazine in a new field." (New York World.) WHAT DOES IT CONTAIN? " It gives tile largest quantity of high-class Action of any magazine in the world." (JRochester Herald.) WHAT IS ITS QUALITY? ][ All the Action is splendid." {St. Louis Star.) "A magazine of unusual excellence." (Salt Lake Tribune.) WHO ARE ITS WRITERS? " Many of the writers would appear in any list of the greatest living authors of fiction." (Pittsburgh Fress.) WHERE DO THE STORIES COME FROM? " From all literary languages. * * * Seldom does one see so much that is so good and so varied in one publication." (Salt Lake Tribune.) The First Volume contains SIXTY-SIX stories, including the following four complete novels : 1 THE FAIRY, 2 THE DUEL, 3 THE CONQUEST OF JERUSALEM, i THE SON OF HIS FATHER, A sample copy of any one of these numbers will be sent free on receipt of coupon opposite. Cut out coupon, fill in the number you desire and your name and ad- dress, and mail to Tales Publishing Co. 2 Wot 40tli Street NEW YORK Sy " Gyp " (Comtesse de Martel) By Anton Chekhov By Myriam Harry By Ernst von Wildenbruch COUPON To Tales PubUBhlDg Co. 2 West 40th Street, Kew Tort Please send me free sample copy of So of " Tales." Kame .. Address. The Roy croft Inn (THX PHALAVfTIItlK) Conducted by The Boycro/ttre in Connee- «o» mih the Work of the Boyoroft Shop Out-of-Door Sleeping Rooms with In-Door Dressing-rooms attached, Electric Lights, Steam Heat, Turkish Baths, Running Water, Art Gallery, Chapel, Camp- in- woods. Library, Music Room, Ballroom, Garden and Wood Pile. There are Classes and Lectures covering the following subjects: Art, Music, Literature, Physiology, Nature-Study, History and Right- Living, Daily walks and talks a-field — trips to the woods, lake, Roycroft camp, etc., etc. THE ROYCROFTERS East Aurora, Erie Co., New York 'N all unbalanced minds, the classification is idol- '^Irw^^l ^^^^» P^isses for the end, and not for a speedily exhaustible means, so that the walls of the system blend to their eye in the remote horizon with the walls of the universe; the luminaries of heaven seem to them hung on the arch their master built. They do not perceive, that, light unsystem- atic, indomitable, will break into any cabin, even into theirs. Let tnem chirp awhile and call it their own. If they are honest and do well, presently their neat new pinfold will be too straight and low, will crack, will lean, will rot and vanish, and the immortal light, all young and joyful, million-orbed, million-colored, will beam over the uni- verse as on the first morning. — Emerson. Hibc in rtjc Company of (j^reat ^ouls! WE have framed some "Little Jour- ney " portraits in Roycroft Oak, six pictures in an oblong frame jt Price for the frame complete with the six pictures is very nominal — say Five Dollars. Express charges pcepaid JkJ^JtJt^jkjijkjijt SUBJECTS AS FOLLOWS MORRIS COLERIDGE VERDI BEETHOVEN VELASQUEZ RAPHAEL HUMBOLDT WALLACE SOCRATES ARISTOTLE MARAT INGERSOLL >VRITER8 TENNYSON BYRON BURNS DISRAELI MUSICIANS PAGANINI WAGNER SCHUMANN BRAHMS ARTISTS LEONARDO CORREGGIO BELLINI THORWALDSEN SCIENTISTS HUXLEY NEWTON TYNDALL H^CKEL PHILOSOPHERS AURELIUS VOLTAIRE KANT SPINOZA OR'VTORS PERICLES BURKE SAVONAROLA ANTONY Any one group in a Roycroft Frame, Five Dollars THE ROYCROFTERS EAST AURORA, ERIE COUNTY, NEW YORK MTT In many towns, notably in the Middle West, there m\\ are ROYCROFT CLUBS, that have evolved into ^U being through the law of natural selection S^ »fr S^ The word ROYCROFT means King's Craft. A Roycrofter is a King's Craftsman. He is a person who is neither afraid of work nor an idea. He puts heart and soul into every task. He makes things for the King, and he himself is a King by divine right. He believes that kindness and good cheer are religion. He grants to every one else every privilege he asks far himself. A Roycrofter realizes that the only way to help himself is to help others; and when in doubt about how to help others he always minds his own business, and thus gives other people a chance to mind theirs. He is not preparing for death — he is preparing to live. He emphasizes the things he knows, not the things told him by some one who guessed and presumed to assume. Q A Roycrofter believes in this world and the men and women now on earth. And so you see the true " Immortal " is a person of qual- ities, not of mere social status. He may be obscure and have no social standing, or he may be, and sometimes is, a person of mighty influence. He may be rich, poor, learned, unlearned, young or old. QRoycroft Clubs are not Woman's Clubs nor are they ever "strictly buck" — brain is not a matter of petticoats or trousers. One club I have in mind is made up of seven women and one man; another consists of nine men & two women, but usually the sexes are about evenly divided. At Roycroft Clubs the members do n6t meet to play cards or dance, although they may do both on occasion. Gossip is positively tabu, but no other topic is forbidden. Each goes home knowing all he knew when he came, and a great deal of what the others know. Most clubs meet weekly, at the home of some on^ of the members. A fe\v have special rooms, furnished Roy- croftie. " Refreshments" are not in order — you eat & drink at home — here you meet for mental and moral improve- ment. The best thing you can give your friend is an idea. C[ Sometimes papers are prepared, read & discussed. Some study parliamentary Jaw & the members speak on their feet; in others the proceedings are purely conversational. One of the most successful Clubs has simply taken up LITTLE JOURNEYS and read them aloud and then made notes on the points brought up and discussed them at length. This Club spent five evenings on the Darwin Little Journey and threshed out some good grain to the profit of all. Q Another took up that article on " Revivals " in THE PHILISTINE and for three meetings made the oratorical fur fly by the acceptance of the ministers of the village to come forward to the mourner's bench and make clear their calculi. CfWe grow through mental friction. Tell the things you know to those who are in sympathy with you. Cultivate the fine art of listening. Good fellow- ship ! is there anything finer than sharing a thought ! The joys that endure are the joys of the intellect. Use your sky-piece. Q If you think you would like to organize a Roycroft Club in your vicinity write us and we will give you a few hints on the theme, and suggest a way you can Get Together S^S^S«»S^S«»S©»SfrS^S^SfrS^ THE SCRIVENER, care of THE ROYCROFTERS East Aurora, Eri^ County, New York, U. S. A. Roycroff Summer School ^^^HERE are Free Classes in Bookbinding, ^ J Dome^ic Science, Expression and De- signing, also daily ledlures on Art, Mu- sic, Literature, Physiology, Nature Study, His- tory & Right Living. Daily Walks & Talks a- field — ^Trips to the Woods, Lake, Camps, Etc. The Rates at the ROYCROFT INN are Two Dollars a Day and upward, according to Room CHE education gained at the expense of nerves and digestion is of small avail. We learn in times of pleas- urable animation, by doing, thru expression, thru mu- sic, and the manifold influences of beauty and harmony. fIThe intent of The l^oycrofters is not to impart truth, but rather to create an atmosphere in which souls can grow. THE ROYCROFTERS, East Aurora, New York Wbt Ct)irtp=ttjirb Begret Poofecage. P^'^S.pr^i^L^Ti^. niture. Just about right for the individual who wants to keep his choice books by themselves. This case is forty inches wide, fifty-five inches high, anjl fourteen inches deep. Four shelves. TVeathered oak finish. Solid Oak throughout. PRICE, $30.00 THE ROYCROFTERS, EAST AURORA, N. Y. . Ill I I- ■ ■ ■ — -ll.!. .Il-.l.l ' ^— Respectabllitv ELBERT HUBBARD'S LATEST BOOK HE work being a cosmic Little Journey to ttie Home of Homo, be- ginning with the creation of man and contii^uing to the reorganiza- tion of the Equitable Insurance Company ^ji^jt-^^jt,^^^ This volume contains some of the best writing that the author has ever done, and is keyed through- out in fairly good humor ^ ^ ^ jn j^ ^ ^ *— — ^^— ^^^— ^^^^^^— i^^^— ■^^■— i— ^—^—1 ■— ■ PRICE, in Limp Leather, Silk-Lined - Two DolWs A few on Imperial Japan Vellum, Bound in Three-Quarters Levant. The Price, say Ten Dollars Two in Full Levant, Individual Books, Hand- Tooled, put up in Hand-Carved Mahogany Boxes Trimmed with Amalgamated Copper. Price for Each Book, One Hundred Dollara THE ROYCROFTERS East Aurora, Erie County, New York ?HE ROYCROFT INN at East Aurora, New York, was 1 built and furnished by The Roycrofters at an expense of over one hundred thousand dollars. It is probably the only first-class hostelry in the world that is conducted by the^ people who *xi|et«d the building, who made the _ _ furijiture, and manufactured most of the decorations that fittke rooms. (I The mural decorations in the " Salon " or music room took our Mr. Alex. Fournier two years to complete. In addition* to these the Inn contains over two hundred and fifty valuable paintings and original drawings and portraits. Beside the single rooms there are sixteen suites, consisting of an in- side dressing-room or parlor, an out-of-door veranda sleeping-room and a bathroom. These suites are furnished in oak, ash, cherry, curly maple and mahogany, the furniture in each room having been made to match the woodwork. . The chandeliers, drop light fixtures, and electric light fiktures on the walls are made of hammered copper aftj^thje'l^iBkns by our Mx. Dard Hunter, and completed in our own||^^^|^|^tiop. All the beds are provided with box springs, our ownlnake, and layer- cotton mattresses made by our Mr: John Heller. With the exception of the Navajo rugs made by Roycroft Indians, in the reception room, the rugs and carpets were made by Roycroft girls seventy-fivci years young j» jt Connected with the Roycroft Inn, and belonging to the place, are Medicinal Springs which possess marked therapeutic properties. The Roycroft also has an Art Gallery, Library, Music Room, Ballroom and Lecture Hall— Steam Heat, Electric Light, Hot & Cold Water, pri- vate sewer pl^at — septic system — one mile from Inn, in construction. <(Good people with gourmet proclivities, who demand French deli- cacies & reyel in the gastronomically complex & peculiar, will please go elsewhere. We cook forVourselVes — ^but are glad to put on a plate for you if you wish it. CfWe have our own herd of Jersey & Holstein cows, so our tables are supplied with fresh milk and cream in abun- dance. The Roycroft garden of thirty acres furnishes our vegetables, and poultry and eggs we produce galore. <|The table is not strictly vegetarian, but the intent is to supply milk, cream, eggs, cereals, fruit — all prepared in so palatable a way that the system demands l«ss meat and is fully nourished and built up, the appetite being sat- isfied by products that are produced right at hand and are free f^om every possible deleterious effect. G Sickness at Roycroft is unknown^ and many who have come to us thinking they were ill speedily for- got it. Roycroft is not a sanitarium in the common acceptance of the word — our doctors are Moderation, Sunshine, Equanimity)- Good Cheer, Fresh Air, Work! ♦ ''HILE love is the main-spring of all animate nature & without it the^^i^^^t^^'^; be sw^allowed in hopeless night; and while under its benign influence the hu- man lover is tfansformed, and for him, for the first time, the splendors of the ^^jmi] are manifest & the v(^ondei!S of the stars re- vealed — beholding God in everything — possessing a key to the mysteries of Infinity that before he wist not of, ij^^^^efiT man halts andi!^^|^^i^l^ ' He does not go bii.'Eiti\er his c^|>acities lilnit, or else society thrusts l^m back B9^5^ &»■ &^ S<^>J|t> '£ • 'flP ■ I Vol XVIII APRIL, 1906 No. 4 i.»,t i i I- "(Eo ^omtsi of 0reat Habere BY ELBERT HUBBARD . ■;■ in -^: ' SBSSpi 'jjoikld hoi's- m^ friend only by thtt virtitt inat is An m^ — %^ ^^^ attraction pf the joorth that, is in nty aoul ■Spf/':Sl^:,^:6i^r,^' " ' ' ' I'li-ii'L,''. r;ii'"i;i 'i M l < i I JOHN STUART MILL AND HARRIET TAYLOR Single Copies 25 Cents By the Year, $3,00 Little Jdurtieys for 1906 By ELBERT H U B B A |l P Will be to the Homes of Great Lovers ; -■•■ ■~'"-J ... ^..j--.\ .-- J,' . .■ ,. . ; , ■;■■ .■/-;i. i .,.;.,.. ■,. ■ ■ - —^ -. : ,.-. , ^ The Subjects are as- Follows: 1 Josiah and Sarah Wedgwood 2 William Godwin and Mary Wollstonecraft 3 Dante and Beatrice 4 John Stuart Mill and Harriet Taylor 5 Pamell and Kitty 6'Shea 6 Petrarch and Laura 7 Dante Gabriel Rossetti & Elizabeth Siddall 8 Balzac and Madame Hanska^ 9 Penelon and Madame Guyon 10 Ferdinand Lassalle & Helene von Donniges 11 Victor Hugo and Juliette Drouet 12 Robert Louis Stevenson & Fanny Osbourne TEN YJEARS OF THE PHILISTINE An Index & Coiicordance OF VOLUMES I TO XX Compiled by Julia Ditto Young. Bound solidly in Boards to match The Philistine THE PRICE WILL BE ONE DOLLAR THE ROYCROFTERS EAST AURORA, ERIE CO., NEW YORK Entered at th^ postoffice at East Aurora, New York, for transmission as second^l^lavs mail matter. Copyright, 1906, by Elbert Hubbard sgaaaaaaaa 'n' 'i.t. '. . V ..i ■/ ' ',• ©' lEING a Little Journey to the Home of I Jesus of Nazareth. A sincere attempt to depict the life, times and teachings, & with truth limn the personality of the Man of Sorrows. Printed on hand-made paper, from a new^font of Roman type. Special initials and ornaments. One hundred & twenty pages. A very beautiful book, bound solidly, yet simply in limp leather, silk-lined. A shprt time ago Mrs. Gertrude Atherton set forth her opinion thus: '* American literature to-day Is the most timid, the most anaemic, the most lackingf in individuality, the most bourgeois^ that any country has ever known.** Mrs. Atherton evident- ly has not read "The Man of Sor- rows.*' Here Elbert Hubbard has done an immortal Avork — bold, earn- est, vivid — throbbing^ w^ith life— rev- erent and appreciative Los Angeles "Times," It was time this book v/as issued — It is sure to dispel much theological fbg. Philadelphia "Inquirer." Don't be afraid of Elbert Hubbard's " Man of Sorrows." The work is re- verent and thoughtful, and gives us the man Jesus as though he lived to- day. Washington "Star." We would all believe in Jesus of Naz- areth if we kne^v him. " The Man of Sorrows" reveals the man, w^ith no attempt to make him anything else. New Orleans "Picayune." The price per volume $2.00 Fifty copies in Modeled Leather 7.50 A few copies on Japan Vellum, bound in Three - Fourths Levant, hand-tooled 10.00 Address THE ROYCROFTERS East Aurora, Erie County, New York, U. S. A. ' 'li A PRESENT FOR HER WHSTHEB TOV'YE CIOT HBR, OR ONLT LIYB IN HOPK Sonnets to a Qlife '/1| HE noblest and best sustained sonnet-sequence ever produced in this country, nature poetry and love poetry, picturesque, reflective, tender, passionate, pure, holy and of exalted idealism. By 6nie8t )Mc6aff ey With an appreciative foreword by the publisher, Mr. William Marion Reedy, and portrait of the author. Bound in padded, dove-colored ooze binding, gilt top, title em- bossed in gold on front cover. , Enclosed in a strong, neat box, Price $1.50 Address WILLIAM MARION REEDY, THE MIRROR, ST. LOUIS, MO. A Book to Woo the Sweetest She Roycroft Summer School [ERE are Free Classes in Bookbinding, ' Dome^ic Science, Expression and De- signing, also daily ledtures on Art, Mu- sic, Literature, Physiology, Nature Study, His- tory & Right Living. Daily Walks & Talks a- field — ^Trips to the Woods, Lake, Camps, Etc. The Rates at the ROYCROFT INN are Two Dollars a Day and upward, according to Room C-iK education gained at the expense of nerves and digestion is of small avail. We leam in times of pleas- urable animation, by doing, thru expression, thru mu- sic, and the manifold influences of beauty and harmony. ^ The intent of The l^oycrofters is not to impart truth, but rather to create an atmosphere in which souls can grow. THE ROYCROFTERS, East Aurora, New York K ■ ■ K fLJl (V^3^ U I D A is the greatest woman writer since M—M n*J M ^ Sappho — and we know nothing about Sappho. Cmj lf~Jl ^^ ^ Ouida is a stylist — she possesses power plus ; IQ< ICM. every great living writer is debtor to her ; and I^JI J?} ^ ^OG OF FLANDERS is the best example of her art. Qin )r~~i( We have made the story up into a book, the best we ir~M J(J( know how. It is on Italian Hand-made paper, two colors, ]^J( QKj special borders, initials & ornaments byRoycroft artist* QKJ ran Bound in Limp Leather, Silk Lined, $2.00 QiO QiQ A few copies on Imperial Japan Vellum tol JOJ Bound Three-Fourths Levant $10.00 K^ gJTHE ROYCROFTERSgJ 10( EAST AURORA, ERIE COUNTY, NEW YORK lOT M A MAGAZINE »^K^ Price 25 Cents \ Kt>.KiiKLVM,s^m Annual Subscription $2.50 caWSRlB'S BBST ^ PICTIW VOUR CHOICE OF EITHER OF THESE TWO VOLUMES FREE Volumes 1 and 2 of this remarkable Collection of Masterpieces of European Fiction, trans- lated into English, are now ready, handsomely bound in cloth. Price $1.50 net each. They contain 129 Stories, Including NINE COMPLETE NOVELS, by the greatest writers of Europe. Sign the coupon below and send same to us with your check for subscrip- tion and we will express to you one of these beautiful bound volumes FREE. Enter on coupon the volume you desire. Do This Now. SIGN THIS COUPON NOW OR WRITE FOR PARTICULARS TALES PUBLISHING CO., 2 W. 40th St., N. Y. Enclosed find ray check for $9.50 for one year's subscrip- tion to "Tales" and a free copy of volume of "Tales" Name Street ; City Date The Roycroft Inn (The Philansteeie) Conducted by The Roycrofters in Con/nec- ticm with the Work of the Boycroft Shop Out-of-Door Sleeping Rooms with In-Door Dressing-rooms attached. Electric Lights, Steam Heat, Turkish Baths, Running Water, Art Gallery, Chapel, Camp-in-woods, Library, Music Room, Ballroom, Garden and Wood Pile. There are Classes and Lectures covering the following subjects: Art, Music, Literature, Physiology, Nature-Study, History and Right- Living, Daily' walks and talks a-field — trips to the woods, lake, Roycroft camp, etc. , etc. A Catalog on application. THE ROYCROFTERS East Aurora, Erie Co., New York THE POWER-BOOKS tTRE OPTIMISTIC READING, AND MORE— DIRECTIVELY O. PRACTICAL MANUALS IN HUMAN CRAFTSMANSHIP They will Inralllbly make you over or build you to better ,^.&^ As much superior to the current '"newthouBht" as an elephant is bigger than 'a canary, these books tell you what to do tion and two back numbers — fourteen numbers in all. Address the editor, Elizabeth Towne, Dept. 33, Holyoke, Mass. FOOD HELPS In Management of a R. R. Speaking of food a railroad man says : " My work puts me out in all kinds of weather, sub- ject to irregular hours for meals and compelled to eat all kinds of food. " For 7 years I was constantly troubled w^ith indi- gestion, caused by eating heavy, fatty, starchy, greasy, poorly cooked food, such as are most accessible to men in my business. Generally each meal or lunch was fol- lowed by distressing pains and burning sensations in my stomach, which destroyed my sleep and almost un- fitted me for work. My brain was so muddy and foggy that it was hard for me to discharge my duties properly. "This lasted till about a year ago, when my atten- tion was called to Grape-Nuts food by a newspaper ad. and I concluded to try it. Since then I have used Grape-Nuts at nearly every meal and sometimes be- tween meals. 'We railroad men have little chance to prepare our food in our cabooses and I find Grape-Nuts mighty handy for it is ready cooked. " To make a long story short, Grape-Nuts has made a new man of me. I have no more burning distress in my stomach, nor any other symptom of indigestion. I can digest anything so long as I eat Grape-Nuts, and my brain works as clearly and accurately as an engin- eer's watch, and my old nervous troubles have disap- peared entirely." Name given by Postum Co., Battle Creek, Mich. There's a reason. Read the little book, " The Road to Wellville" in pkgs. V Ij^i-^J'-J. John Stuart Mill m Little Journeys fe^ To the Homes of »^^ GREAT LOVERS f/W^^\Ml John Stuart Mill and Harriet Taylor Written by Elbert Hubbard and done into Book Form by The Roycrofters at their Shop, at East Aurora, New York, U. S. A. A. D. MCMVI JOHN STUART MILL AND HARRIET TAYLOR To the beloved and deplored memory of her who was the inspire and in part the author, of all that is best in my writings — the friend and wife whose exalted sense of truth and right was my strongest incitement, and whose approbation was my chief reward — I dedicate this volume. Like all that I have written for many years, it belongs as much to her as to me ; but the work as it stands has had, in a very insufficient degree, the inestimable advantage of her re- vision; some of the most important portions having been reserved for a more careful examination, which they are now never destined to re- ceive. Were I but capable of interpreting to the world one-half the great thoughts and noble feelings which are buried in her grave, I should be the medium of a greater benefit to it, than is ever likely to arise from anything that I can write, unprompted and unassisted by her all but unrivalled wisdom. Dedication to "ON LIBERTY," By JOHN STUART MILL JOHN STUART MILL AND HARRIET TAYLOR JO this then is the love story of John Stuart Mill and Harriet Taylor, who first met in the year 1830. He -was twenty-five, and a clerk in the East India House. She was twenty-three and happily married to a man with a double chin. They saw each other for the first time at Mrs. Taylor's house, at a function given in honor of a Right Honorable Nobody from Essex. The Right Honorable has gone down into the dust of forgetful- ness, his very name lost to us, like unto that of the man who fired the Alexandrian Library. All we know is that he served as a pivotal point in the lives of two great'people, and then passed on, unwit- tingly, into the obscurity from whence he came. On this occasion the Right Honorable read an original paper on an Important Subject. Mrs. Taylor often gave receptions to eminent and leairned personages because her heart was a-hungered to know and to become, and she vainly thought that the society of learned people would satisfy her soul. She was young. She was also impulsive, vivacious, ambitious, and John Stuart Mill says was rarely beautiful, but she was n't. Beauty is in the eye of the beholder S<^ All things are comparative, and John Stuart Mill regarded Mrs. 77 LITTLE Taylor from the first night he saw her as the standard JOURNEYS of feminine perfection. All women scaled down as they varied from her. As an actual fact, her features were rather plain, mouth and nose large, cheek-bones in evidence and one eye was much more open than the other, and this gave people who did not especially like her, excuse for saying that her eyes were not mates. As for John Stuart Mill he used, at times, to refer to the wide open orb as her "critical eye." Yet these eyes were lustrous, direct and honest, and tokened the rare quality of mental concentration. Her head was square and long, and had corners. She Ccir- ried the crown of her head high, and her chin in. We need not dally with old Mr. Taylor here — for us he was only Mrs. Taylor's husband, a kind of useful marital appendendum. He w^as a merchant on 'Change, with interests in argosies that plied to Tripoli — suc- cessful, busy, absorbed, with a twinge of gout, and a habit of taking naps after dinner with a newspaper over his face. Moreover he was an Oxford man, and this was his chief recommendation to the eighteen- year-old-girl, when she had married him four years before Sfr So» But education to him was now only a reminiscence. He had sloughed the old Greek spirit as a bird moults its feathers, with a difference, that a bird moults its feathers because it is growing a better crop, and Mr. Taylor was n't growing anything but a lust after L. S. D. <][ Once in two years there was an excursion to Oxford to attend a reunion of a Greek letter society, and per- 78 haps twice in the winter certain ancient cronies came, LITTLE drank musty ale, and smoked long clay pipes, and sang JOURNEYS college songs in cracked falsetto. Mrs. Taylor was ashamed of them — disappointed — was this the college spirit of which she had read so much? The old cronies leered at her as she came in to light the candles — they leered at her; and the one seated next to her husband poked that fortunate gentle- man in the ribs and congratulated him on his matri- monial estate. Yet Mr. and Mrs. Taylor were happy, or reasonably so. He took much pride in her intellect, indulged her in all material things she wanted, and never thwarted her little ambitions to give functions to great men who came up from the provinces. She organized a Literary Coterie to meet every Satur- day and study Mary Wollstonecraft's book on the "Rights of Women." Occasionally she sat in the visi- tors' gallery at Parliament, but behind the screen. And constantly she w^rote out her thoughts on the themes of the time. Her husband never regarded these things as proof that she was inwardly miserable, unsatisfied, and in spirit was roaming the universe seeking a panacea for soul-nostalgia — not he! Nor she. And so she gave the function to the Right Honorable Nobody from Essex. And among thirty or forty other people, was one John Stuart Mill, son of the eminent James Mill, historian and philosopher, also Head Ex- aminer of the East India House. Mr. and Mrs. Taylor 79 LITTLE had made out the list of people together, choosing JOURNEYS those whom they thought had sufficient phosphorus so they would enjoy meeting a great theological mete- oric personality from Essex. Mr. Taylor had seen young Mr. Mill in the East India House where young Mr. Mill made out invoices w^ith big seals on them. Mr. Taylor had said to Mr. Mill that it was a fine day, to which proposition Mr. Mill agreed S^ S^ The Honorable James Mill was invited too, but could not come, as he was President of The Land Tenure League, and a meeting was on for the same night. Mr. Taylor introduced to the company the eminent visitor from Essex — they had been chums together at Oxford — and then Mr. Taylor withdrew into a quiet corner and enjoyed a nap as the manuscript was being read in sonorous orotund. The subject was, "The Proper Sphere of ^Voman in the Social Cosmogony." By chance Mrs. Taylor and John Stuart Mill sat next to each other. The speaker moved with stately tread through his firstly to his seventhly, and then proceeded to sum up. QThe argument was that of St. Paul amplified, "Let woman learn in subjection" — "For the husband is the head of the wife, as Christ is also the head of the Church." — "God made woman for a helpmeet to man," etc. Mrs. Taylor looked at young Mr. Mill, and Mr. Mill looked at Mrs. Taylor. They were both thinking hard 80 and without a word spoken they agreed with each other on this, that the speaker had no message. Of Young Mr. Mill noted that one of Mrs. Taylor's eyes was much wider open than the other, and that her head had corners. She seemed much beyond him in years and experience, although actually she was two years younger — a fact he did not then know. "Does not a woman need a helpmeet, too?" she wrote on the fly leaf of a book she held in her lap. And young Mr. Mill took the book and wrote beneath in a copper-plate East India hand — "I do not know w^hat a woman needs; but I think the speaker needs a helpmeet." And then Mrs. Taylor wrote "All help must be mutual. No man can help a woman unless she helps him — the ' benefit of help lies as much in the giving as in the ; receiving." After the function Mrs. Taylor asked Mr. Mill to call. It is quite likely that on the same occasion she asked a good many of the other guests to call. Mr. Mill called the next evening. LITTLE JOURNEYS 81 LITTLE ^^^^^^^OHN STUART MILL was not a uni- JOURNEYS L J^OvJ^^Im versity man— he was an intellectual cosset — and educated in a way that made the English pedagogues stand aghast. Probably thousands of parents said, " Go to! we will educate our own children," and went at their boys in the same way that James Mill treated his son, but the world has produced only one John Stuart Mill. Axtell, the trotter, in his day, held both the two-year- old and three-year-old records S^ He was driven in harness from the time he was weaned, and w^as given work that would have cocked the ankles and sent old horses over on their knees. But Axtell stood the test and grew^ strong. Certain horsemen, seeing the success of Axtell tried his driver's plan, and one millionaire I know ruined a thousand colts and never produced a single race-horse by religiously following the plan upon which Axtell thrived S^ Sfr The father of John Stuart Mill would now be con- sidered one of England's great thinkers, had he not been so unfortunate as to be thrown completely in the shadow by his son. As it is, James Mill lives in history as the man who insisted that his baby three years old should be taught the Greek alphabet. When five years old this baby spoke with an Attic accent, and corrected his elders who dropped the aspirate. ^Vith unconscious irony John Stuart Mill wrote in his autobiography, 82 I learned no Latin until my eighth year, at which LITTLE time however, I was familiar with Aesop's Fables, JOURNEYS most of the Anabasis, the Memorabilia of Xenophon, & the Lives of Philosophers by Diogenes Lsertius, part of Lucian, and the Ad Demonicum and Ad Nicoclem of Isocrates." Besides these he had also read all of Plato, Plutarch, Gibbon, Hume and RoUin and was formula- ting in his own mind a philosophy of history. Whether these things "educated" the boy or not will always remain an unsettled question for debating societies. But that he learned and grew through the constant association with his father there is no doubt. W^herever the father went the boy trotted along, a pad of paper in one hand and pencil in the other, always making notes, always asking questions and always answering propositions. The long out-of-door walks doubtless saved him from death. He never had a childhood, and if he ever had a mother, the books are silent concerning her. He must have been an incubator baby, or else been found under a cabbage leaf. James Mill treated his wife as if her office and opinions were too insignificant to seri- ously consider — she was only an unimportant incident in his life S^ James Mill was the typical beef-eating Englishman described by Taine. According to Dr. Bain's most interesting little book on John Stuart Mill, the youth at nine was appointed to supervise the education of the rest of the family, " a position more pleasing to his vanity than helpful to his manners." 83 LITTLE Th^athejwas a beautiful prig at-this time-goes wirthout JOURNEYS saying.-.The scaffolding of learning he mistook for the edifice, a fallacy borrowed from his father. At fourteen he knew as much as his father, and ac- knowledged it. He was then sent to France to study the science of government under Sir Samuel Bentham. QHis father's intent was that he should study law, and in his own mind was the strong conviction that he was set apart, and his life sacred to the service of humanity. A year at the study of law, and more or less associ- ation with barristers, relieved him of the hallucination that a lawyer's life is consecrated to justice and the rights of man — quips, quirks and quillets were not to his taste. James Mill held the office of Chief Examiner in the East India House, at a salary equal to seven thousand, five hundred dollars a year. The gifted son was now nineteen, and at work as a junior clerk under his father at twenty pounds a year. Before the year was up he was promoted, and when he was twenty-one his salary was one hundred pounds a year. There are people who will say, " Of course his father pushed him along." But the fact that after his father's death he was promoted by the Directors to Head of the Office disposes of all suspicion of favoritism. The management of the East India Company was really a matter of statesmanship, and the direct, meth- odical and practical mind of Mill fitted him for the 84 place. Q Thomas Carlyle, writing to his wife in Scot- LITTLE land in 1831, said, " This young Mill, I fancy and hope, JOURNEYS is a being one can love. A slender, rather tallish and elegant youth, with Roman-nosed face, earnestly smil- ing blue eyes, modest, remarkably gifted, great pre- cision of utterance, calm — a distinctly amiable and able youth." S^ Sfr So now behold him at twenty-five, a student and scholarly recluse, delving all day in accounts and dis- patches, grubbing in books at night, and walking an hour before sunrise in the park every morning. It was about then that he accepted the invitation of Mrs. Taylor to call. I do not find that James Mill ever disputed the prop- osition that women have souls — he evidently consider- ed the matter quite beyond argument — they hadn't. His son, at this time, was of a like opinion. John Stuart Mill had not gone into society and women to him were simply undeveloped men, to be treated kindly and indulgently. As mental companions, the idea was unthinkable. And love was entirely out of his orbit — all of his energies had been worked up into great thoughts. Dr. Bain says that at twenty-five John Stuart Mill -was as ignorant of sex as a girl of ten. He called on Mrs. Taylor because she had pleased him when she said, " The person who helps another gets as much benefit out of the transaction as the one ■who is helped." This was a thought worth while. Perhaps Mrs. Taylor had borrowed the idea. But anyway it was something 85 LITTLE to repeat it. He revolved it over in his mind all day, JOURNEYS off and on. "To help another is to help yourself. A helpmeet must grow by the exercise of being useful. Therefore a woman grows as her husband grow^s — she cannot stand still if she puts forth intelligent effort. All help is mutual." " One eye was wider than the other — her head had corners — she carried her chin in ! " John Stuart Mill wished the day would not drag so, — after supper he would go and call on Mrs. Taylor and ask her to explain what she meant by all help being mutual — it was a trifle paradoxical ! The Taylors were just finishing tea -when young Mr. Mill called. They were surprised and delighted to see him. He was a bit abashed and could not quite re- member what it was he wanted to ask Mrs. Taylor, but he finally got around to something else just as good. QMrs. Taylor had written an article on the " Subjuga- tion of Women" — would Mr. Mill take it home with him and read it, or would he like to hear her read a little of it now ? Mr. Mill's fine face revealed his delight at the prospect of being read to. So Mrs. Taylor read a little aloud to Mr. Mill, while Mr. Taylor took a much needed nap in the corner. In a few days Mr. Mill called to return Mrs. Taylor's manuscript and leave a little essay he himself had written on a similar theme. Mr. Taylor was greatly pleased at this fine friendship that had sprung up between his gifted wife and young 86 Mr. Mill — Mrs. Taylor was so much improved in LITTLE health, so much more buoyant ! JOURNEYS Thursday night soon became sacred at the Taylors to Mr. Mill, and Sunday he always took dinner with them S<^ S^ Goldwin Smith, a trifle grumpy, with a fine forget- fulness as to the saltness of time, says that young Mr. Mill had been kept such a recluse that when he met Mrs. Taylor he considered that he w^as the first man to discover the potency of sex, and that he thought his experience was unique in the history of mankind. Q Perhaps love does make a fool of a man — I really cannot say. If so, then John Stuart Mill never re- covered his sanity. Suppose we let John speak for him- self — I quote from his Autobiography: It was at the period of my mental progress which I have now reached that I formed the friendship which has been the honour and chief blessing of my exist- ence, as well as the source of a great part of all that I have attempted to do, or hope to effect hereafter, for human improvement. My first introduction to the lady who, after a friendship of twenty years, consented to become my wife, was in 1830, when I was in my twenty-fifth and she in her twenty-third year. \r VERY soon felt her to be the most admirable per- J|r son I had ever known. It is not to be supposed that she was, or that any one, at the age at which I first saw her, could be, all that she became after- wards. Least of all could this be true of her, with whom self-improvement, progress in the highest and in all senses, was a law of her nature; a necessity equally 87 LITTLE from the ardour with which she sought it, and from the JOURNEYS spontaneous tendency of faculties which could not re- ceive an impression or an experience without making it the source or the occasion of an accession of wisdom. EN her, complete emancipation from every kind of superstition (including that which attributes a pre- tended perfection to the order of nature & the uni- verse) and an earnest protest against many things which are still part of the established constitution of society, resulted not from the intellect, but from strength, a noble and elevated feeling, and co-existent with a highly reverential nature. In general spiritual characteristics, as well as in temperament and organi- zation, I have often compared her, as she was at that time, to Shelley : but in thought and intellect, Shelley, so far as his powers were developed in his short life, was but a child compared with what she ultimately became. Alike in the highest regions of speculation and in the smaller practical concerns of daily life, her mind ■was the same perfect instrument, piercing to the heart and marrow of the matter ; alw^ays seizing the essential idea or principle. The same exactness and rapidity of operation, pervading as it did her sensitive as well as her mental qualities, would with her gifts of feeling and imagination, have fitted her for a consummate artist, as her fiery and tender soul and her vigorous eloquence w^ould certainly have made her a great ora- tor. And her profound knowledge of human nature and discernment and sagacity in practical life, would, in the times when such a career was open to women, have made her eminent among the rulers of mankind. Her intellectual gifts did but minister to a moral char- acter at once the noblest and the best balanced which I have ever met with in my life. Her unselfishness 88 was not that of a taught system of duties but of a heart LITTLE which thoroughly identified itself with the feelings of JOURNEYS others, and often went to excess in consideration for them by imaginatively investing their feelings with the intensity of her own. The passion of justice might have been thought to be her strongest feeling, but for her boundless generosity, and a lovingness ever ready to pour itself forth upon any or all human beings who were capable of giving the smallest feeling in return. The rest of her moral characteristics were such as naturally accompany these qualities of mind and heart : the most genuine modesty combined with the loftiest pride ; a simplicity and sincerity ■which were absolute, towards all w^ho were fit to receive them ; the utmost scorn for what- ever was mean and cowardly, and a burning indig- nation at everything brutal or tyrannical, faithless or dishonorable in conduct and character, while making the broadest distinction between mala in se and mere mala prohibita — between acts giving evidence of in- trinsic badness in feeling and character, and those which are only violations of conventions either good or bad, violations which whether in themselves right or wrong, are capable of being committed by persons in every other respect lovable and admirable. To be admitted into any degree of mental intercourse with a being of these qualities, could not but have a most beneficial influence on my development ; though the effect was only gradual, and several years elapsed before her mental progress and mine went for-ward in the complete companionship they at last attained. The benefit I received was far greater than any which I could hope to give; though to her, who had at first reached her opinions by the moral intuition of a char- acter of strong feeling, there was doubtless help as well as encouragement to be derived from one who 89 LITTLE had arrived at many of the same results by study and JOURNEYS reasoning : & in the rapidity of her intellectual growth, her mental activity, which converted everything into knowledge, doubtless drew from me, as it did from other sources, many of its materials. What I owe, even intellectually, to her, is in its detail, almost in- finite ; of its general character a few words will give some, though a very imperfect idea. With those who, like the best and wisest of mankind, are dissatisfied with human life as it is, and whose feelings are wholly identified with its radical amend- ment, there are two main regions of thought. One is the region of ultimate aims : the constituent elements of the highest realizable ideal of human life. The other is that of the immediately useful and practically at- tainable. In both these depsirtments, I have acquired more from her teaching, than from all other sources taken together Sfr And, to say truth, it is in these two extremes principally, that real certainty lies. My ov/n strength lay wholly in the uncertain and slippery inter- mediate region, that of theory, or moral and political science ; respecting the conclusions of which, in any of the forms in which I have received or originated them, whether as political economy, analytic psychology, logic, philosophy or history, or anything else, it is not the least of my intellectual obligations to her that I have derived from her a wise skepticism, which, while it has not hindered me from following out the honest exercise of my thinking faculties to whatever conclu- sions might result from it, has put me on my guard against holding or announcing these conclusions with a degree of confidence which the nature of such specu- lations does not warrant, an^Jias -kept my mirnd not only open to admit, but prompt to welcome. and- eager to seek even on the questions on which I have most meditated, any prospect of clearer perceptions and 90 better evidence. I have often received praise, which in my own right I only partially deserve, for the greater practicality that is supposed to be found in my writings, compared with those of most thinkers who have been equally addicted to large generalizations. The writings in which this quality has been observed, were not the work of one mind, but of the fusion of two, one of them as pre-eminently practical in its judgments and per- ceptions of things present, as it was high and bold in its anticipations for a remote futurity. LITTLE JOURNEYS IJHE social functions at the Taylor home became less frequent, & finally ceased. Women looked upon the friendship of John Stuart Mill and Mrs. Taylor with resentment and a tinge of jealousy. Men lifted an eyebrow and called it "equivocal" — to use the phrase of Clement Shorter. " The plan of having a husband and also a lover is not without precedent," said Disraeli in mock apology, and took snuff solemnly. Meantime manuscripts were traveling back and forth between the East India House and the Taylor resi- dence Sfr Sfr John Stuart Mill was contributing essays to the maga- zines that made the thinkers think. He took a position opposed to his father and maintained the vast im- portance of the sentiments and feelings in making up the sum of human lives. When Mill was mentioned, 91 LITTLE people asked which one. Q The Carlyles, at first very JOURNEYS proud of the acquaintanceship of Mill, dropped him. Then he dropped them. Years after the genial Tammas writing to his brother John confirmed his opinion of Mill, "after Mill took up with that Taylor woman." Says Tammas, " You have lost nothing by missing the Autobiography of Mill. I never read a more uninter- esting book, nor should I say a sillier." James Mill protested vehemently against his son visit- ing at the Taylors, and even threatened the young man with the loss of his position, but John Stuart made no answer. The days John did not see Harriet he w^rote her a letter and she wrote him one. To protect himself in his position, John now ceased to do any literary ■work or write any personal letters at the office. 'While there he attended to business and nothing else. In the early morning he wrote or walked. Evenings he devoted to Mrs. Taylor — either writing to her or for her, or else seeing her. On Saturday after- noons they would usually go botanizing, for botany is purely a lover's invention. Old acquaintances who wanted to see Mill had to go to the East India House, and there they got just five minutes of his dignified presence. Dr. Bain complains, " I could no longer get him to walk with me in the park — he had reduced life to a system, and the old friends were shelved and pigeon-holed." When Mill was thirty his salary was raised to five hundred pounds a year. His father died the same year, and his brothers and sisters discarded him. His liter- 92 ary fame had grown, and he was editor of the London LITTLE "Review." The pedantry of youth had disappeared — JOURNEYS practical business had sobered him, and love had re- lieved him of his idolatry for books. Heart now meant more to him than art. His plea was for liberty, national and individual. The modesty, gentleness and dignity of the man made his presence felt wherever he went. A contemporary said, " His features were refined and regular — the nose straight and finely shaped, his lips thin and compressed — the face and body seemed to represent the inflexibility of the inner man. His whole aspect was one of high and noble achievement — in- vincible purpose, iron will, unflinching self-oblivion — a w^orld's umpire ! " Mill felt that life was such a precious heritage that we should be jealous of every moment, he shut himself in from every disturbing feature. All that he wrote he submitted to Mrs. Taylor — she corrected, amended, revised. She read for him, and spent long hours at the British Museum in research work, while he did the business of the East India Company. ■W^ben- his " LjOgjcH^was published in 1840, Jie,. had knovsrn Mrs. Taylor for jaine years S^ That she had a considerable hand in this comprehensive work ther-e is no doubt. The book placed Mill upon the very pinnacle of fame. John Morley declared him " England's fore- most thinker," a title to which Gladstone added the weight of his endorsement, a thing we would hardly expect from an ardent churchman, since Mill was always an avowed free-thinker, and once declared in 93 LITTLE Gladstone's presence, " I am one of the few men in JOURNEYS England who have not abandoned their religious be- liefs, because I never had any." Justin McCarthy says in his reminiscences, "A wiser and more virtuous man than Mill I never knew nor expect to know ; and yet I have had the good fortune to know many wise and virtuous men. I never knew any man of really great intellect, who carried less of the ways of ordinary greatness about him. There was an added charm to the very shyness of his manner when one remembers how fearless he was, if the occasion called for fortitude or courage." After the publication of the " Logic," Mill was too big a man for the public to lose sight of S^ He went his simple way, but to escape being pointed out kept from all crowds, and public functions were to him tabu. ■When Mrs. Taylor gave birth to a baby girl, an ob- scure London newspaper printed, " A Malthusian AA/arning to the East India Company," which no doubt reflected a certain phase of public interest, but Mill continued his serene way undisturbed. To this baby girl, Helen Taylor, Mill was always most devotedly attached. As she grew into childhood he taught her botany, and people who wanted a glimpse of Mill were advised to "look for him with a flaxen- haired little sprite of a girl any Saturday afternoon on Hampton Heath." Mr. Taylor died in July, 1849, and in April, 1851, Mrs. Taylor and Mill were quietly married. The announce- ment of the marriage sent a small spasm over literary 94 England, and set the garrulous tongues a-wagging. LITTLE Q George Mill, a brother to John Stuart, with uncon- JOURNEYS scious humor placed himself on record thus, " Mrs. Taylor was never to anybody else what she was to John." Sfr ^c- Bishop Spalding once wrote out this strange, solemn, emasculate proposition, " Mill's Autobiography con- tains proof that a soul, with an infinite craving for God, not finding Him, will worship anything — a woman, a memory! " This almost makes one think that the good Bishop was paraphrasing and reversing Voltaire's remark, " 'When a woman no longer finds herself acceptable to man she turns to God." \A^hat the world thought of Mill's wife is not vital — what he thought of her, certainly was. I quote from the Autobiography, which Edward Everett Hale calls, " two lives in one — written by one of them : " Between the time of which I have now spoken, and the present, took place the most important events of my life S^ The first of these was my marriage to the lady whose incomparable worth had made her friend- ship the greatest source to me both of happiness and of improvement. For seven and a half years that bles- sing was mine; for seven and a half only! I can say nothing which could describe, even in the faintest manner, what that loss was, and is. But because I know that she would have wished it, I endeavor to make the best of what life I have left, and to work on for her purposes with such diminished strength as can be derived from the thoughts of her, and communion with her memory. 95 LITTLE When two persons have their thoughts and specu- JOURNEYS lations completely in common ; when all subjects of intellectual and moral interests are discussed between them in daily life, and probed to much greater depths than are usually or conveniently sounded in w^ritings intended for general readers ; when they set out from the same principles, and arrive at their conclusions by processes pursued jointly, it is of little consequence in respect to the question of originality, which of them holds the pen ; the one who contributes the least to the composition may contribute most to the thought ; the writings which result are the joint product of both, and it must often be impossible to disentangle their respective parts, and affirm that this belongs to one and that to the other. In this wide sense, not only during the years of our married life, but during many of the years of confidential friendship which preceded, all my published writings were as much her work as mine ; her share in them constantly increasing as years advanced. But in certain cases, what belongs to her can be distinguished and specially identified. Over and above the general influence which her mind had over mine, the most valuable ideas and features in these joint productions — those which have been most fruitful of important results, and have contributed most to the success and reputation of the works themselves — originated with her, were emanations from her mind, my part of them being no greater than in any of the thoughts which I found in previous writers, and made my own only by incorporating them with my own system of thought. During the greater part of my liter- ary life I have performed the office in relation to her, which from a rather early period I had considered as the most useful part that I was qualified to take in the domain of thought, that of an interpreter of original thinkers, and mediator between them and the public. 96 ^mmUVS prepared, it will easily be believed that LITTLE §f\y when I came into close intellectual communion JOURNEYS ^^ with a person of the most eminent faculties, whose genius, as it grew and unfolded itself in thought, continually struck out truths far in advance of me, but in which I could not, as I had done in those others, detect any mixture of error, the greatest part of my mental growth consisted in the assimilation of those truths, & the most valuable part of my intellectual work was in building the bridges & clearing the paths which connected them with my general system of thought. QThe steps in my mental gro-wth for which I -was indebted to her were far from being those which a per- son wholly uninformed on the subject would probably suspect. It might be supposed, for instance, that my strong convictions on the complete equality in all legal, political, social and domestic relations, which ought to exist between men and women, may have been adopted or learnt from her. This was so far from being the fact, that those convictions were among the earli- est results of the application of my mind to political subjects, and the strength with which I held them was, as I believe, more than anything else, the originating cause of the interest she felt in me. What is true is, that until I knew her, the opinion was in my mind, little more than an abstract principle. I saw no more reason why women should be held in legal subjection to other people, than why men should. I was certain that their interests required fully as much protection as those of men, and were quite as little likely to obtain it without an equal voice in making the laws by which they were to be bound. But that perception of the vast practical bearings of women's disabilities which found expression in the book on the " Subjection of Women " was acquired mainly through her teaching. But for her rcire knowledge of human nature and comprehension 97 LITTLE of moral and social influences, though I doubtless JOURNEYS should have held my present opinions, I should have had a very insufficient perception of the mode in which the consequences of the inferior position of women intertwine themselves with all the evils of existing society and with all the difficulties of human improve- ment. I am indeed painfully conscious of how much of her best thoughts on the subject I have failed to re- produce, and how greatly that little treatise falls short of what would have been if she had put on paper her entire mind on the question, or had lived to devise and improve, as she certainly would have done, my imper- fect statement of the case. The first of my books in w^hich her share was con- spicuous was the "Principles of Political Economy." The " System of Logic" owed little to her except in the minute matters of composition, in which respect my writings both great and small have largely bene- fited by her accurate and clear-sighted criticism. The chapter of the " Political Economy" which has had a greater influence on opinion than all the rest, that on "The Probable Future of the Laboring Classes," is entirely due to her : in the first draft of the book, that chapter did not exist Sfr She pointed out the need of a chapter, and the extreme imperfection of the book with- out it: she was the cause of my writing it; and the more general part of the chapter, the statement and discussion of the two opposite theories respecting the proper condition of the laboring classes, was wholly an exposition of her thoughts, often in words taken from her own lips S^ The purely scientific part of the "Political Economy" I did not learn from her; but it was chiefly her influence that gave to the book that general tone by which it is distinguished from all pre- vious expositions of" Political Economy " that had any pretension to being scientific, and which has made it so 98 useful to conciliating minds which those previous expo- LITTLE sitions had repelled. JOURNEYS ^i«|||%^ HAT was abstract and purely scientific was ^l4frM / generally mine ; the properly human element came from her: in all that concerned the application of philosophy to the exigencies of human society and progress, I was her pupil, alike in boldness of speculation and cautiousness of practical judgment. For, onthe-one-hand^I was much more courageous and far-^sighted than without her I should have been, in anticipation of an order of things to come, in which many of the limited generalizations now so often con- founded with universal principles will cease to be applicable. Those peirts of my writings, and especially of the "Political Economy," which contemplate pos- sibilities in the future such as, when affirmed by social- ists, have in general been fiercely denied by political economists, would, but for her, either have been ab- sent, or the suggestions would have been made much more timidly and in a more qualified form. But while she thus rendered me bolder in speculation on human affairs, her practical turn of mind, and her almost un- erring estimate of practical obstacles, repressed in me all tendencies that were really visionary S^ Her mind invested all ideas in a concrete shape, and formed it- self a conception of how they would actually work : and her knowledge of the existing feelings and conduct of mankind was so seldom at fault, that the weak point in any unworkable suggestion seldom escaped her. <^PkU RING the two years which immediately pre- ^■l^ ceded the cessation of my official life, my wife and I were working together at the " Liberty." I had first planned and written it as a short essay in 1854. None of my -writings have been either so carefully 99 LITTLE composed, or so sedulously corrected as this. After it JOURNEYS had been written as usual, twice over, we kept it by us, bringing it out from time to time, and going through it de novo, reading, weighing, and criticising every sentence. Its final revision was to have been a work of the winter of 1858-9, the first after my retirement, which we had arranged to pass in the South of Europe. That hope and every other were frustrated by the most unexpected and bitter calamity of her death — at Avignon, on our way to Montpillier, from a sudden attack of pulmonary congestion. Since then I have sought for such alleviation as my state admitted of, by the mode of life which most en- abled me to feel her still near me. I bought a cottage as close as possible to the place where she is buried, and there her daughter (my fellow-sufferer and now my chief comfort) and I, live constantly during a great portion of the year. My objects in life are solely those which were hers ; my pursuits and occupations those in w^hich she shared, or sympathized, and which are indissolubly associated with her. Her memory is to me a religion, and her approbation the standard by which, summing up as it does all worthiness, I en- deavor to regulate my life. After my irreparable loss, one of my earliest cares w^as to print and publish the treatise, so much of which was the work of her whom I had lost, and consecrate it to her memory. I have made no alterations or addition to it, nor shall I ever. Though it wants the last touch of her hand, no substitute for that touch shall ever be attempted by mine. The "Liberty" was more directly and literally our joint production than anything else which bears my name, for there was not a sentence of it which was not several times gone through by us together, turned over in many ways, and carefully weeded of any faults,, 100 either in thought or expression, that we detected in it. It is in consequence of this that, although it never underwent her final revision, it far surpasses, as a mere specimen of composition, anything which has proceeded from me either before or since. With regard to the thoughts, it is difficult to identify any particular part or element as being more hers than all the rest. The whole mood of thinking, of which the book was the expression, was emphatically hers. But I also was so thoroughly imbued with it, that the same thoughts naturally occurred to us both. That I was thus pene- trated with it, however, I owe in a great degree to her. There was a moment in my mental progress when I might easily have fallen into a tendency towards over- government, both social and political; as there was also a moment when, by reaction from a contrary excess, I might have become a less thorough radical and democrat than I am. In both these points, as in many others, she benefited me as much by keeping me right where I was right, as by leading me to new truths, and ridding me of errors. LITTLE JOURNEYS [RS. MILL died suddenly, at Avignon, France, while on a journey with Mr. Mill. There she was buried. The stricken husband and daughter r>VJ!?^'5p=^S rented a cottage in the village, to be \m7/i^^3j^^ near the grave of the beloved dead. TOsf^^<^ They intended to remain only a few IWs,SisSc:^^^ weeks, but after a year they concluded they could " never be content to go aw^ay and leave the 101 LITTLE spot consecrated by her death," unlike Robert Brown- JOURNEYS ing, who left Florence forever on the death of his wife^ not having the inclination or fortitude to even visit her grave S^ S^ Mill finally bought the Avignon cottage, refitted it, brought over from England all of his books and inti- mate belongings, and Avignon was his home for fifteen years — the rest of his life. Mill always referred to Helen Taylor as "my wife's daughter," and the daughter called him "Pater." The love between these two was most tender and beautiful. The man surely could never have survived the shock of his wife's death had it not been for Helen. She it was who fitted up the cottage, and went to England bringing over his books, manuscripts and papers, luring him on to live by many little devices of her ready wit. She built a portico all around the cottage, and in winter this was enclosed in glass. Helen called it, "Father's semi-circumgyratory " and if he failed to pace this portico forty times backward and forw^ard each fore- noon, she would take him gently by the arm and firmly insist that he should fill the prescription. They resumed their studies of botany and Helen organized classes who accompanied them on their little excursions. In 1865, Mill was induced to stand for Parliament for Westminster. The move was made by London friends in the hope of winning him back to England. He agreed to the proposition on condition that he should not be called upon to canvass for votes or take any part in the campaign Sfr &» 102 He was elected by a safe majority, and proved a power LITTLE for good in the House of Commons. The Speaker once JOURNEYS remarked, " The presence of Mr. Mill in this body I perceive has elevated the tone of debate." This sounds like the remark of Wendell Phillips when dogmatism was hot on the heels of the Sage of Concord, " If Emerson goes to hell his presence there will surely change the climate." Yet when Mill ran for re-election he was defeated, it having leaked out that he was an "infidel," since he upheld Charles Bradlaugh in his position that the affirmation of a man who does not believe in the Bible should be accepted as freely as the oath of one who does. In passing it is worth while to note that the courts of Christendom have now accepted the view of Bradlaugh and of Mill on this point. The best resume of Mill's philosophy is to be found in Taine's "English Literature," a fact to which Mill himself attested. The dedication of" On Liberty," printed as a preface to this "Journey," rivals in worth the wonderful little classic of Ernest Renan to his sister, Henriette. Mill died at Avignon in 1873, his last days soothed by the tender ministrations of the daughter Helen. His body, according to his wish, was buried in his wife's grave, and so the dust of the lovers lies mingled. 103 LEAKS Only IS per cent of the energy of a ton of coal burned under a steam boiler is converted into power. The other 85 per cent is paid for, but lost. Mr. Businessman — how much of the real power of your business engine is lost through overlooked leaks, opportunities to sell that you never even heard about ? Press Clippings will save you much of this lost business energy. They will stop up the selling leaks, open up new markets for your goods and find you buyers whom you would never hear about in any other way. They will place before you every scrap of information printed in this country pertaining to your line of business and give it to you from day to day while it is fresh and valuable and before your competitors have even heard of it. The International Press Clipping Bureau, the largest press clipping bureau, in the world, will send you everything printed in every newspaper, magazine or trade jour- nal in the country, on any subject you may select. This Bureau reads and clips 55,000 papers and other periodicals each month, and even if you are now a subscriber to some other clipping bureau, it will pay you to investiEate our superior service. Write for our book about Press Clippings and our Daily Business Reports and how they may be applied to your profit. We will send it to you free and will also quote you a special bargain rate for a trial month, if you will name the subject. Address International Press Clipping Bnrean 116 Boyce Building, Chicago, Illinois, U. S. A. ^|n|OU are invited to attend a Lecture by Mr. yrw Elbert Hubbard at the Studebaker Theatre, Co Chicago, Illinois, on Sunday Evening, April Twenty-Nine, Nineteen Hundred and Six, at Eight- Fifteen o' Clock d^ d<^ d» So> Sl^ d^ d» Subject: "c/ln cAge of Commo nse nse " Ticketo, $1.50, $1.00. 75c and 50c. Tickets on sale at Ikt Clitcafo Branch of The Royeroft Shop, 938 Fine Arts Bnildins THE ROYCROFTERS' LATEST BOOK Thomas Jefferson 'y^ ^HERE are an Elect Few men in the £ ^j history of this country who serve for ^^^ the base line or prime meridian of all our policies of State. After getting hopelessly tangled up in the intricacies of our shifty poli- ticians we are periodically forced to go back to take measurements directly from our Great Men. Q, Jefferson is one of the Great Men. The latest book of The Roycrofters contains an address by the Hon. John J. Lentz, and a "Little Journey" by Elbert Hubbard. These essays light up the phases of Jefferson's char- acter and show how he is now influencing our institutions. A portrait of Jefferson by Schneider in photogravure as a frontispiece. The book in limp leather, silk lined is $2.00 50 copies on Japan Vellum, 3-4 Levant, $10.00 SENT ON SUSPICION THE ROYCROFTERS EAST AURORA, which is in ERIE COUNTY, NEW YORK Eopcroft Jlmberj> JOB DEPARTMENT ,„^^^URING the spring overhauling is a good I ■ time to pick out the books and maga- ^_^ zines you want bound. Your library, like your watch or house, needs periodical attention, especially the magazine part of it. The books that are coming to pieces, some favorite writer, or paper-bound books, some extra illustrated work, an autographed book, a bunch of pamphlets, or anything that the bookbinders' art will preserve. Magazines always contain articles that are worth keeping. If you do not want all they contain, "take them apart, pick out the whole leaves you want and send them along. One complete year can be reduced to a nice handy volume. Our job depart- ment was never better equipped than now. Our work is all hand work along Art and Craft lines, and a book bound by us is an ornament to any table or shelf. Most of our customers come back to us year after year. Take a flyer on us by send- ing an old book or two and see what you get back. THE ROYCROFTERS EAST AURORA, ERIE COUNTY, NEW YORK, U. S. A. ^■■^^HERE are wonders in true afFec- MM V tion: it is a body of enigmas, A P I mysteries and riddles. I love my ^^^^ friend before myself, and yet methinks I do not love him enough : some few months hence my multi- plied affection wiU make me believe I have not loved him at all. When I am from him, I am dead till I be with him; when I am with him, I am not satisfied, but would still be nearer him. United souls are not satisfied with embraces, but desire to be truly each other ; which being impossible, their desires are infinite, and must proceed without a possibility of satisfaction. Another misery there is in affection, that whom we truly love like our own selves, we forget their looks, nor can our memory retain the' idea of their faces ; and it is no wonder, for they are ourselves, and our affection makes their looks our own > •>* J* J* > > SIR THOMAS BROWNE FOR THE BOYS AND GIRLS (LITTLE ROYCROFTERS) We Supply the Capital and Start You in Business ]N AMERICA to-day there are several ^ thousand Little Roycrofters making from ?4fc ^Iva^ twenty-five cents to five dollars a day sell- u^^^l^^^V ^^^ ^^^ Little Journeys ^ Here 's your ~ " chance ! All we ask is that you shall be recom- mended by one of our regular subscribers. On receipt of your reply we will send you at our expense, twenty assorted Little Journey booklets. These will be charged to you at five cents each, and you are to remit to us for them within thirty days or send them back to us. The regular retail price of these booklets is twenty-five cents each, but you are to retail them at ten cents each and no more. As they cost you five cents, you double your money on all you sell. You can sell one booklet to almost every person you approach, and when he reads it, you can usually go back and sell him a dozen or more. If he does not buy a dozen or more it proves he is not a person of discernment. Please note that we trust you only for the first twenty booklets, so to start you in business. After that you remit us with each order you send at the rate of five cents each for the Little Journeys you require. This is a most unusual offer, and is made solely to introduce these splendid publi- cations among people who otherwise might not see them. WRITE us TO-DAY. Order blank on back of this sheet. CUT THIS OUT, OR COPY AND SEND TO US To The Roycrofters, East Aurora, N. Y. I want to be a Roycrofter. You may send me twenty assorted Little Journeys, and I will sell them at ten cents each, and remit you at five cents each or return the book- lets in thirty days. Name . Age_ Street and Number P. O State, , Recommended by Date 1906 A Roycrofter; One who loves beautiful things, does his work the best he can and is kind. — Standard Dictionary, Edition of 1907 To_ Banks, Trust Companies, Rail- roads, Factories, Department Stores ME can supply the following booklets, by Elbert Hubbard, by the thousand, with your advertisement on front or back pages of cover, all in de luxe form ^ ^ ^ ^ j6 ^ .36 A MESSAGE TO GARCIA GET OUT OR GET IN LINE THE CIGARETTIST MISSOURI VALLEY BOY PASTEBOARD PROCLIVITIES THE PARCEL POST THE CLOSED OR OPEN SHOP— WHICH ? State your line of business and we will send sample of booklets to suit THE ROYCROFTERS, East Aurora, N. Y. ^Slf THOUSAND years agfo the idea of sanctity & competency ^A for ethical teaching involved seclusion ft-om the world. The ^"^ saint was an anchorite, a monk, or a nun. In fact, if we go back not more than a hundred years, the minister or priest was preeminently the teacher of ethics; so that it was the business of a profession set apart from secular affairs to uphold in the world the standards not only of religion but of natural piety and pub- lic righteousness. How different is the situation to-day! You and I, and all the people in this country whom we may be said to represent or typify, are fully persuaded that the most effective teachers of ethics to-day are the righteous men who are active in all the secular affairs of the world — that is, in farming, man- ufacturing, trade, the professions, and politics. These are the men who, beins; righteous, can best influence the people to piety, justice and righteousness. The recluse, and the religionist who separates his religion from conduct, are losing their hold on civ- ilized man; the only ethics that command respect are the ethics that guide and control men in the intensest labors and struggles of the actual world. — Charles W. Eliot. {HEROYCROFT INN at East Aurora, New Yprlcy was 1 built and furnished by The RoycrolBf^; at an expense. of over' one hundred thousand dollars. It is probably the ^ only first isfied by products that are produced right at hand and are free from evtery possible deleterious effect. IfSicimess at Roycroft is unkppwn, and many who have come to us thinking they were ill speedily for- got it. Roycroft is not a sanitarium in the common acceptancfe of the word — our doctors are Moderation, Sunshine, Equanimity,, Good Cheer, Fresh Air, Work! ^^^^^^S 1^^ V ''V '''^Hkt^^Bi' wfM ^njjjl^g j^home aJs a ^P^s^^^Hp^ce 2g»^|a^^^^^^^^nd shut the world out. Levers make a home just as bird^ make a nest, & unless a man knows the ;€itj|^Jl of the divine passion I can hardly see how he can have a home at all. He only rents a room^.^^^.^.^.^ ^^^P^^^ Vol, XVIIl MAY, J 906 No. 6 Hittlejoumepg Co ^omti of (great lobers BY ELBERT HUBBARD The reformer is a savioi^ .xtr drjpbel, all depend- ing largely apon whether he succeeds, or fails. He is what he isrtgcfrdless of what^^en think < 2 s o ^ < 03 O 0$ b O Q d ^ » J -a ? '»' b . r^ CO a-g «< c CO Roycroft Summer School M^fc^HERE are Free Classes in Book- ■ ^J binding, Domestic Science, Ex- ^^^ pression and Designing, also daily lectures on Art, Music, Literature, Physi- ology, Nature Study, History and Right Living. Daily Walks and Talks afield — Trips to the Woods, Lake, Camps, Etc. The Rates at the ROYCROFT INN are Two Dollars a Day and upward, according to Roo^ '^J^^-'^HE education gained at the expense of nerves and ■ J digestion is of small avail. We learn in times of ^^^^ pleasurable animation, by doing, thru expression, thru music, and the manifold influences of beauty and harmony. QXhe intent of The Roycrqfters is not to impart truth, but rather to create an atmosphere in which souls can grovif. THE ROYCROFTERS East Aurora, Erie G>unty, New York HARD TO DROP But Many Drop It. A young Calif, wife talks about coffee : " It was hard to drop Mocha and Java and give Postum Food Coffee a trial, but my nerves were so shattered that I was a nervous wreck and of course that means all kinds of ails. At first I thought bicycle riding caused it and I gave^it up, but my condition remained unchanged. I did not want to acknowledge coffee caused the trouble for I was very fond of it. At that time a friend came to live with us, and I noticed that after he had (been with us a week he would not drink his coffee any more. I asked him the reason. He replied, I have not had a headache since I left off drinking coffee, some months ago, till last week, when I began again, here at your table. I don't see how anyone can like coffee, anyway, after drinking Postum!' I said nothing, but at once ordered a package of Postum. That was five months ago, and we have drank no other coffee since, except on two occasions when we had company, and the result each time was that my husband could not sleep, but lay awake and tossed and talked half the night. We were con- vinced that coffee caused his suffering, so he returned to Postum Food Coffee, convinced that the old kind was an enemy, instead of a friend, and he is troubled no more by insomnia, I, myself, have gained 8 pounds in weight, and my nerves have ceased to quiver. It seems so easy now to quit the old coffee that caused our aches and ails and take up Postum." Name given by Postum Co., Battle Creek, Mich. There's a reason. Read the little book, "The Road to Wellville," in pkgs. PARNELL AND KITTY O'SHEA FOR my own part I am confident as to the future of Ireland. Though the horizon may now seem cloudy, I believe her people will survive the present oppression, as they have survived many worse ones. Although our progress may be slow, it will be sure. The time will come when the people of England will admit once again that they have been mistaken and have been deceived — that they have been led astray as to the right way of governing a noble, a brave and an impulsive people. —SPEECH OF PARNELL : in Parliament, 1886. PARNELL AND KITTY O'SHEA j|WO hundred and fifty men own one- third of the acreage of Ireland. Two- thirds of Ireland is owned by tw^o thousand men. In every other civilized country will be found a large class of people known i/H.ii»7;s:g;;)\ as peasant -proprietors, people who mlJff^^A~-MZ^ own small farms or a few acres which they call home. In Ireland we find seven hundred thousand tenant farmers, who with their families rep- resent a population of over three million people. These people depend upon the land for their subsistence, but they are tenants-at-will. Four-fifths of the landowners of Ireland live in England. Lord DufFerin, late Governor General of Canada, once said : What is the spectacle presented to us by Ireland ? It is that of millions of people, whose only occupation and dependence is agriculture, sinking their past & present and future on yearly tenancies. What is a yearly ten- ancy ? V/hy it means that the owner of the land, at the end of any year, can turn the people born on the land, off from the land, tear down their houses and leave them starving at the mercy of the storm. It means terms no Christian man would offer, and none but a madman would accept. The rents are fixed in cash, being proportioned accord- ing to the assessable value of the property Sfr So if a tenant improves the estate, his rent is increased, and 105 LITTLE thus actually a penalty is placed on permanent im- JOURNEYS provements. The tenant has no voice in the matter of rent — he must accept. And usually the rents have been fixed at a figure that covers the entire produce of the land. Then the landlord's agent collected all he could, and indul- gently allowed the rest to hang over the tenant's head as a guarantee of good behavior. Said Mr. Gladstone in Parliament, July 10th, 1879: Forty-nine farmers out of fifty in Ireland are in ar- rears for rent, so it is legally possible to evict them at any time the landlord may so choose. And in the con- dition that now exists, an eviction is equal to a sen- tence of death. At this time, when Gladstone made his speech just quoted, a bill was up in the House of Commons called "The Relief of Distress Bill." Simple people might at once assume that this relief bill was for the relief of the starving peasantry, but this is a hasty conclusion, ill-considered and quite absurd. The "Relief Bill" was for the relief of the English landlords who owned land in Ireland. So the landlords would not be actually compelled to levy on the last potato and waylay the remittances sent from America, the English government proposed to loan money to the distressed landlords at three per cent, and this bill was passed without argument. And it was said that Lord Lansdowne, one of the poor landlords, turned a tidy penny by availing himself of the three per cent loan and letting the money out, straightway, at six to such 106 tenants as still had a few pigs to offer as collateral. LITTLE QThe state of Iowa is nearly double the size of Ireland, JOURNEYS and has, it is estimated, eleven times the productive capacity. A tithe of ten per cent on Iowa's corn crop would prevent at any time, a famine in Ireland. In 1879, Illinois sent, through the agency of the Chi- cago Board of Trade, a ship-load of wheat, corn and pork to starving Ireland. T. P. O'Connor, who took an active part in the distribution of these humane gifts, said on the floor of the House of Commons that more than one instance had come to his notice where the Irish peasants had availed themselves of flour and meal, but the pork given them was taken by the land- lords' agents, " because many Irish families had never acquired a taste for meat, the pigs they raised being sold to pay the rent." Just here, lest any tender-hearted reader be tempted to tears on behalf of the Irish tenantry, I will quote an Irishman, a vegetarian first by force and then by habit — George Bernard Shaw : The person to pity is the landlord and his incompetent family, and not the peasantry. In Ireland, the absentee landlord is bitterly reproached for not administering his estate in person. It is pointed out, truly enough, that the absentee is a pure parasite upon the industry of his country. The indispensable minimum of attention to his estate is paid by his agent or solicitor, whose resistance to his purely para- sitic activity is fortified by the fact that the estate belongs mostly to the mortgagees, and that the nom- inal landlord is so ignorant of his own affairs that he can do nothing but send begging letters to his agent. 107 LITTLE JOURNEYS On these estates generations of peasants (and agents) live hard but bearable lives ; whilst off them genera- tions of ladies and gentlemen of good breeding and natural capacity are corrupted into drifters, vrasters, drinkers, waiters-for-dead-men's-shoes, poor relations and social wreckage of all sorts, living aimless lives, and often dying squalid and tragic deaths. HARLES STEWART PARNELL was born in County Wicklow, Ireland, in 1846. In that year there was starva- tion in Ireland. Thousands died from lack of food, just as they died in that ^ other English possession, India, in 1901. Famished babes sucking at the withered breasts of dying mothers, were common sights seen on the public highways. Q Iowa and Illinois had not then got a-going; the cable was to come, and the heart of Christian England was unpricked by public opinion. And all the time while famine was in progress, sheep, pigs and cattle w^ere being shipped across the channel to England. It was the famine of 1846 that started the immense tide of Irish immigration to America. And England fanned and favored this exodus, for it was very certain that there were too many mouths to feed in Ireland — half the number would not so jeopardize the beer and skittles of the landlords. Parnell's father was a landed proprietor living in Ire- 108 land, but whose ancestors had originzdly come from LITTLE England. The Parnell estate was not large, compara- JOURNEYS tively, but it was managed so as to give a very com- fortable living for the landlord and his vcirious tenants. The mother of Parnell was Delia Stewzirt, an Ameri- can girl, daughter of Admiral Stewart of the United States Navy. In that dread year of 1846, when the potato crop failed, the Parnells took no rent from their tenants, and Mrs. Parnell rode hundreds of miles in a jaunting-car dis- tributing food and clothing among the needy. Doubt- less there were a great many other landlords and agents just as generous as the Parnells, filled with the same humane spirit, but the absentee landlords were for the most part heedless, ignorant and indifferent to the true state of affairs. Charles Parnell grew up a fine, studious, thoughtful boy. He prepared for college and took a turn of two years at Cambridge. He then returned to Ireland be- cause his help was needed in looking after the estate, hence he never secured his degree. But he had the fine, eager, receptive mind that gathers gear as it goes. His mother was ^n educated woman, and educated mothers have educated children. That is a very wise scheme of child-education — the education of the mother — a plan not fully accepted by civilization, but which will be when we become en- lightened. From his mother's lips Charles learned the story of America's struggle for independence, and the rights of man was a subject ingrained in his character. 109 LITTLE ^^^^^^^^R^^A.'NB is a country that has as near JOURNEYS (fe^^^^^^S^a a perfect climate as we can imagine — topographically it is beautiful beyond compare, but here among the most en- trancing of physical conditions existed a form of slavery not far removed from that which existed in the Southern States in 1860. It was a system inau- gurated by men long dead, and which had become ossi- fied upon both tenant and landlord — slave and slave- owner — by years of precedent, so neither party had the power to break the bonds. In some ways it was worse than African slavery, for the material wants of the blacks were usually fairly well looked after. To be sure the Irish could run away and not be brought back in chains, but in 1876, a bill was introduced in Parliament restricting Irish immi- gration, and forbidding any tenant who was in debt to a landlord leaving the country without the landlord's consent S<^ Had this bill not been bitterly opposed the Irish people would have been subject to peonage equal to absolute slavery. As young Parnell grew he was filled with but one theme — how to better the con- dition of his people. In arousing public sentiment against the bill young Parnell found his oratorical wings. Shortly after this he was elected to Parliament from County Meath. He was then twenty-seven years old. He had never shaved, and his full brown beard and serious, earnest, dignified manner, coupled with his 110 six-foot-two physique attracted instant attention. He LITTLE wore a suit of gray Irish homespun, but the require- JOURNEYS ments of Parliament demanded black with a chimney- pot hat — the hat being always religiously worn in session, excepting when the member addresses the Chair — and to these Piccadilly requirements Parnell gracefully adjusted himself. Parnell seemed filled with the idea, from the days of his youth, that he had a mission — he was to lead his people out of captivity. This oneness of purpose made itself felt in the House of Commons from his first en- trance. All parliamentary bodies are swayed by a few persons — the working members are the exception. The horse-racing and cock-fighting contingent in the House of Commons is well represented; the blear eyes, the poddy pudge, the bulbous beak — all these are in evi- dence. If one man out of ten knows what is going on, it is well ; and this is equally true of ^Vashington, for our representatives do not alw^ays represent us. Parnell, although a fledgling in years when he entered the House of Commons, quickly took the measure of the members, and conceived for them a fine scorn, which some say he exhibited in italics and upper case. This was charged up against him to be paid for later at usurious interest. Precedent provided that he should not open his Irish mouth during the entire first session; but he made his presence felt from the first day he entered the House. Q By a curious chance a Coercion Bill was up for dis- cussion, there being always a few in stock. Some of 111 LITTLE the tenantry had refused to either pay or depart, and JOURNEYS a move was on foot to use the English soldiery to evict the malcontents in a wholesale way Sfr Joseph Biggar had the floor and declared the bill was really a move to steal Irish children and sell them into perpet- ual peonage. Biggar was talking against time, and the House groaned. Biggar was a rich merchant from Ulster, and he was a big man, although without ora- torical ability or literary gifts. His heart was right, but he lacked mental synthesis. He knew little of history, nothing of political economy, despised precedents, had a beautiful disdain for all rules, and for all things English he held the views of Fuzzy ^A7uzzy whose home is in the Soudan. However, Biggar was shrewd and practical, and had a business sense that most of the members absolutely lacked. And moreover he was entirely without fear. Usually his face was wreathed in cherubic smiles. He had the sweetly paternal look of Horace Greeley, in disposition was just as stubborn, and like Horace, chewed tobacco. The English opposed the Irish members and Biggar reciprocated the sentiment. They opposed everything he did, and it came about that he made it his particular business to block the channel for them. " Why are you here," once exclaimed an exasperated member to Joseph Biggar. " To rub you up, sir, to rub you up! " was the imper- turbable reply. He shocked the House and succeeded in getting himself thoroughly hated by his constant reference to absentee landlords as "parasites" and 112 " cannibals." And the fact that there were many ab- LITTLE sentee landlords in the House only urged him on to JOURNEYS say things unseemly, irrelevant and often unprintable. QAnd so Biggar was making a speech on the first day that Parnell took his seat. Biggar was sparring for time, fighting off a vote on the Coercion Bill. He had spoken for four hours, mostly in a voice inaudible, and had read from the London Directory, the Public Re- ports and the Blue Book, and had at last fallen back on Dr. Johnson's Dictionary, when Parnell, in his simple honesty, interjected an explanation to dissolve a little of the Biggar mental calculi. Biggar, knowing Parnell, gave way, and Parnell rose to his feet. His finely modulated, lo'w voice searched out the inmost corners of the room and every sentence he spoke con- tained an cirgument. He was talking on the one theme he knew best. Members came in from the cloak-rooms and the Chair forgot his mail : a man was speaking. Gladstone happened to be present, and while not at the time sympathizing with the intent of Parnell, was yet enough attracted to the young man to say, "There is the future Irish leader — the man has a definite pol- icy, and a purpose that will be difficult to oppose." Qln January, 1880, at the Academy of Music, Buffalo, New York, I attended the first meeting of the Ameri- can Branch of the Irish Land League S©' I was a cub reporter, with no definite ideas about Parnell or Irish affairs, and as at that time I had not been born again, I had a fine indifference for humanity across the sea. To send such a woolly proposition to report 113 LITTLE Parnell was the work of a cockney editor, born with a JOURNEYS moral squint, within sound of Bow Bells. To him Irish agitators were wearisome persons, who boiled at low temperature, who talked much and long. All the Irish he knew worked on the section or drove drays. Q At this meeting the first citizens of Buffalo gave the proceedings absent treatment. The men in evidence were mostly harmless — John J. McBride, Father Cronin, James Mooney, and a liberal mixture of Mc's and O's made up the rest, and as I listened to them I made remarks about " Galways " and men who ate the rind of watermelons and " threw the inside a'way." Judge Clinton, of Buffalo, grandson of De Witt Clinton, had been inveigled into acting as chairman of the meeting, and I remember made a very forceful speech. He introduced Michael Davitt, noticeable for his one arm. All orators should have but one arm — the empty sleeve for an earnest orator being most effective. Davitt spoke well — he spoke like an aroused contractor to la- borers who were demanding shorter hours & more pay. Q Davitt introduced Parnell. I knew Davitt but did not know Parnell. Before Parnell had spoken six words, I recognized and felt his superiority to any man on the stage or in the audience. His speech -was very deliber- ate, steady, sure, his voice not loud, but under perfect control. The dress, the action, the face of the man were regal. Afterwards I heard he was called " The Uncrowned King," and I also understood how certain Irish peasants thought of him as a Messiah. His plea was for a clear comprehension of the matter at issue, 114 that it might be effectively dealt with, without heat, or LITTLE fear, or haste. He carried a superb reserve and used JOURNEYS no epithets. He showed how the landlords were born into their environment, just as the Irish peasantry were heirs to theirs. The speech was so un-Irish like, so convincing, so pathetic, so full of sympathy and rich in reason, so charged with heart, and a heart for all humanity, even blind and stupid Englishmen, that everybody was captured, bound with green withes, by his quiet convincing eloquence. The audience was melted into a whole, that soon forgot to applaud, but just listened breathlessly. It was on this occasion that I heard the name of Henry George mentioned for the first time. Parnell quoted these words from " Progress and Poverty" : Man is a land animal. A land animal cannot live with- out land. All that man produces comes from the land; all productive labor, in the final analysis, consists in working up land or materials drawn from land, into such forms as fit them for the satisfaction of human wants and desires. Man's very body is drawn from the land. Children of the soil, we come from the land, and to the land w^e must return. Take away from man all that belongs to the land, and what have you but a dis- embodied spirit ? Therefore he who holds the land on which and from which another man must live is that man's master; and the man is his slave. The man who holds the land on which I must live, can command me to life or to death just as absolutely as though I were his chattel. Talk about abolishing slavery — we have not abolished slavery; we have only abolished one rude form of it, chattel slavery. There is a deeper and more insidious form, a more cursed form yet before us to 115 LITTLE JOURNEYS abolish, in this industrial slavery that makes a man a virtual slave, while taunting him and mocking himi in the name of freedom. We only hear a few speeches in a lifetime, possibly a scant half dozen — if you have heard that many you have done well. Would n't you have liked to hear Webster's reply to Hayne, Wendell Phillips at Fanueil Hall, Lincoln answering Douglas, or Ingersoll at the Soldiers' Reunion at Indianapolis ? ^^r^^r^T^APTAIN O'SHEA was the son of an m Irish landlord, living in England on a goodly allowance. He was a fair speci- ^ men of the absentee. ^Vhen obscurity belched him forth in 1880, he was a WlM^'^^/i ^^^^ ^ politician, who had evolved n(f^^|r^ from soldiering through the ambitious ^^^4s_J-^^^--i efforts of his wife. He held a petty office in the Colonial Department, where the work was done by faithful clerks, grown gray in the service. He was a man without morals or ideals. Careful sezurch fails to reveal a single remark he ever made worthy of record, or a solitary act that is not as well forgotten. Q Every City Hall has dozens of just such men, and all political capitals swarm with them. They are the sons of good families, and have to be taken care of — Remittance Men, Astute Persons, Clever Nobodies, Good Fellows ! They are more to be pitied than slav- ing peasants. God help the rich, the poor can w^ork. 116 Work is a solace 'gainst self — a sanctuary and a refuge LITTLE from the devil, for Satan still finds mischief for idle JOURNEYS hands to do. The devil lies in wait for the idler ; and the devil is the idler, and every idler is a devil. Saint- ship consists in getting busy at some useful work. When Katharine W^ood, daughter of Sir Page Wood, became Mrs. O'Shea, she was yet in her teens. Her husband was twenty. Neither knew what they were doing, or where they were going. Captain O'Shea in his shining uniform was a showy figure, and that his captaincy had been bought and paid for was a matter that troubled nobody. They were meirried, and once tied by an ecclesiastic knot, they proceeded to get acquainted. A captain in the English Army who has a few good working ser- geants is nothing and nobody. If he has money he can pay to get the work done, and the only disadvantage is that real soldiers scorn him, for soldiers take the measure of their officers, just as office boys gauge the quality of the head clerk, or a salesman sizes a floor walker. Nobody is deceived about anybody excepting for an hour at a time. When the time came for Captain O'Shea to drop out of military service and become a civilian clerk in the Colonial Office, the army was glad. Non-comps are gleefully sloughed in the army just as they are in a railroad office or a department store. Yet Captain O'Shea was not a bad person — had he been born poor and driven a dray, or been understudy to a grocer, he would have evolved into a useful and inoffen- 117 LITTLE sive citizen. The tragedy all arose from that bitter joke JOURNEYS that the stork is always playing: sending common- place children to people of power. And then we foolish mortals try to overawe Nature by a Law of Entail, which supplies the Aristophanes of heaven and Gabriel many a quiet smile. The stork is certainly a bird that has no sense. Power that is earned is never ridiculous, but power in the hands of one who is strange to it is first funny, then fussy, and soon pathetic. Punk is a useful substance, and only serves as metaphor when it tries to pass for bronze. So behold Katharine O'Shea, handsome, wistful, win- some, vivacious and intelligent, with a brain as keen as that of Becky Sharp, yet as honest as Amelia, get- ting her husband transferred from the army to the civil list. He was an Irishman, and his meager salary in the office had to be helped out ■with money wrung from Irish peasantry by landlords' agents. Captain O'Shea knew little about his estate, and was beautifully igno- rant of its workings, but once he and his wife went over to Ireland, and the woman saw things the man did not and could not. The Irish agitation was on, and the heart of the Eng- lish girl went out to her brothers and sisters across the channel. Marriage had tamed her, sobered her dreams, disillusioned her fancies. In her extremity she turned to humanity, as women turn to religion. In fact humanity was to her a religion : her one thought was how to relieve and benefit Ireland — Ireland that supplied her that whereby she lived 1 She felt like a 118 cannibal at the thought of living off the labor of these poor people. She read and studied the Irish problem, and one day copied this passage from Henry George into her com- monplace book: Ireland has never yet had a population which the natural resources of the country could not have main- tained in ample comfort. At the period of her greatest population (1840-45), Ireland contained over eight millions of people. But a very large proportion of them managed merely to exist — lodging in miserable cabins, clothed in miserable rags, and with potatoes only as their staple food. When the potato blight came, they died by thousands. But it was not the inability of the soil to support so large a population that compelled so many to live in this miserable way, and exposed them to starvation on the failure of a single root crop. On the contrary, it -was the same remorseless rapacity that robbed the Indian peasant of the fruits of his toil and left him to starve where nature offered plenty. ******** When her population was at its highest, Ireland was a food-exporting country. Even during the famine, grain, meat, butter and cheese were carted for exportation along roads lined ^with the starv- ing and past trenches into which the dead were piled. For these exports of food there was no return. It went not as an exchange, but as a tribute — to pay the rent of absentee landlords ; a levy wrung from producers by those who in no wise contributed to the production. Q Captain O'Shea was not interested. He had the brain of a blackbird, but not enough mind to oppose his wife. He just accepted life, and occasionally growled because more money did not come from his agent in Galway — that was all. He still nominally belonged to the army, 119 LITTLE JOURNEYS LITTLE was a member of "The Canteen," a military club, JOURNEYS played billiards in winter and cricket in summer, and if at long intervals he got plain drunk, it was a matter of patriotism done by way of celebrating a victory of English arms in the Congo, and therefore in the line of duty. Captain O'Shea never beat his wife, even in his cups, and the marriage was regarded as happy by the neighboring curate who occasionally looked in, and at times enjoyed a quiet mug with the Captain. QMrs. O'Shea knew several of the Irish Members of Parliament, in fact, one of them was a cousin of her husband. This cousin knew John Dillon and William O'Brien S©» Dillon and O'Brien knew Parnell, and be- longed to his " advisory board." Mrs. O'Shea was a member of Ruskin's St. George Society, and had outlined a plan to sell the handicraft products made in the Irish homes, it being Ruskin's desire to turn the Irish peasantry gradually from a dependence on agriculture to the handicrafts. Mrs. O'Shea had a parlor sale in her own house, of laces, rugs and baskets made by the Irish cottagers. Dillon told Parnell of this. Parnell knew that such things were only palliative, but he sympathized with the effort, and when in June, 1880, he accepted an in- vitation to dine at the O' Sheas with half a dozen other notables, it was quite as a matter of course. How could he anticipate that he was making history ! Q Disappointment in marriage had made lines under the eyes of pretty Kitty O'Shea and strengthened her intellect. Indifference and stupidity are great educators 120 — they fill one with discontent and drive a person on- ward and upward to the ideal. A whetstone is dull, but it serves to sharpen Damascus blades. Mrs. O'Shea's heart was in the Irish cause. Parnell listened at first indulgently — then he grew interested S^ S«» The woman knew what she was talking about. She was the only woman he had ever seen who did, save his mother, whose house had once been searched by the constabulary for things Fenian. He listened, and then shook himself out of his melan- choly. Q Parnell was not a society man — he did not know women — all petty small talk was outside of his orbit. He regarded women as chatterers — children, un- developed men. He looked at Kitty O'Shea and listened. She had coal- black, wavy hair, was small, petite and full of nervous energy. She was not interested in Charles Parnell; she was interested in his cause. They loved the same things. They looked at each other and talked. And then they sat silent and looked at each other, realizing that people who do not understand each other without talk, never can with. To remain silent in each other's presence is the test. Within a week Parnell called at the O' Sheas', with Dillon, and they drank tea out of tiny cups. Parnell was thirty-four, and bachelors of thirty-four either do not know women at all, or else know them too well. Had Parnell been an expert specialist in femininity, he would never have gone to see Mrs. 121 LITTLE JOURNEYS LITTLE O'Shea the second time. She was an honest woman JOURNEYS with a religious oneness of aim, and such are not the ladies for predaceous hoUuschickies. Parnell went alone to call on Mrs. O'Shea — he wanted to consult with her about the Land League. By ex- plaining his plans to her, he felt that he could get them clear in his own mind. He could trust her, and best of all, she understood — she understood ! ^BOUT six months after this, London was convulsed with laughter at a joke too good to keep: One Captain O'Shea had challenged Charles Parnell, the Irish Leader, to a duel. Parnell had accepted the challenge, but the fight was off, because Thomas Mayne had gone to O'Shea & told him he " would kick him the length of Rotten Row if he tried to harm or even opened his Galway yawp about Parnell." O'Shea had a valise which he said he had found in his wife's room, and this valise belonged to Parnell ! The English members talked of Parnell' s aberration and carelessness concerning his luggage ; and all hands agreed that O'Shea, whoever he \was, was a fool, a hot-headed and egotistical rogue, trying to win fame for himself by challenging greatness. " Suppose that Parnell kills him, it is no loss to the world; but if O'Shea kills Parnell, the Irish cause is lost," said 122 Dillon, who went to see O'Shea and told him to go LITTLE after some pigmy his own size. JOURNEYS Sir Patrick O'Brien said to O'Shea, "You dress very well. Captain O'Shea, but you are not the correct thing." As for London's upper circles, why, it was certainly a lapse for Parnell to leave his valise in the lady's room. Parnell the Puritan — Parnell the man who used no tobacco or strong drink, and was never known to slip a swear word — Parnell the Irish Messiah ! Ha, ha, ha ! QAs for the love affair, all M. P.'s away from home without their families have them. You can do anything you choose, provided you do not talk about it, and you can talk about anything you choose, provided you do not do it. Promiscuity in London is a well recognized fact, but a serious love affair is quite a different thing. No one for a moment really believed that Parnell was so big a fool as to fall in love with one woman, and be true to her, and her alone — that was too absurd ! Captain O'Shea resigned his civil office and went back to his command. He was sent for service to India, where he remained over a year. When he returned to London, he did not go to Mrs. O'Shea's house but took apartments doivn-town. In 1886, political England was roused by the state- ment that Captain O'Shea was a candidate from Galway for the House of Commons, and was running under the protection of Parnell. To the knowing ones in London it looked like a clear bargain and sale. O'Shea had tried to hzu-ass Parnell; 123 LITTLE Parnell had warned O'Shea to never cross his path, JOURNEYS and now the men had joined hands. Parnell was in possession of O'Shea's wife, & O'Shea was going to Parliament by Parnell's help! O'Shea was a notoriously unfit man for a high public office, and Joseph Biggar & others openly denounced Parnell for putting forth such a creature. " He'll vote with the b'hoys, so what difference does it make," said Sullivan. "The b'hoys," who vote as they are told are in every legislative body. They are not so much to be feared as men with brains. Parnell went over to Ireland, jmd braved the mob by making speeches for O'Shea, and O'Shea was elected. Parnell was evidently caught in a trap — he did the thing he had to do. His love for the woman was a con- suming passion — her love for him was complete. Only death could part them. And besides their hearts were in the Irish cause. To free Ireland was their constant prayer &^ S^ Scandal, until taken up by the newspapers, is only rumor. The newspapers seldom make charges until the matter gets into the courts — they fear the libel laws, but when the courts lend an excuse for giving "the news," the newspapers turn themselves loose like a pack of wolves upon a lame horse that has lost its way. And the reason the newspapers do this is be- cause the people crave the savory morsel. The news- papers are published by men in business, and the wares they carry are those in demand — mostly gossip, scandal and defamation. 124 And humanity is of such a quality that it is not scan- LITTLE dalized or shocked by the facts, but by the recital of JOURNEYS the facts in the courts or the public prints. JHE House of Commons in 1890, was at last ready to grant Home Rule to Ire- land. A bill satisfactory to the majority was prepared, and Parnell and Glad- stone, the two strongest men of their respective countries, stood together in perfect accord. Then it was, in that little interval of perfect peace, that there came the explosion. Captain O'Shea brought suit against his wife for divorce. The affair was planned not only to secure the divorce, but to do it in the most sensational and salacious manner. The bill of complaint, a voluminous affair, was really an alleged biography of Charles Parnell, and placed his conduct in the most offensive light possible. It re- cited that for ten years Parnell and Mrs. O'Shea lived together as man and wife; that they had traveled together on the continent under an alias ; that Parnell had shaved off his beard to escape identity ; and that the only interval of virtue that had come to the guilty couple since they first met was when Parnell was in Kilmainham Jail. The intent of the complaint was plainly to arouse a storm of indignation against Parnell that would make 125 LITTLE progress for any measure he might advocate, quite out JOURNEYS of the question. The landlords were so filled with laughter that they forgot to collect rent ; and the tenants so amazed and wroth at the fall of their leader that they cashed up— or didn't as the case happened. Scandal filled the air; the newspapers issued extras and ten million housewives called the news over back fences S©» S©» And now at this distance it is very plain that the fuse was laid and fired by some one beside Captain O'Shea. O'Shea had not seen the woman who was once his wife, for five years, and was quite content in the snug arrangements he had in the interval made for himself. QWhen the divorce was granted without opposition, Justin McCarthy wrote, " Charles Stewart Parnell is well hated throughout Great Britain, but Captain O'Shea is despised." The question has often been asked, " ^Vho snatched Home Rule from Ireland just as she reached for it?" Q Opinions are divided, and I might say merged by most Irish people, thus: O'Shea, Parnell, Gladstone, Katharine O'Shea. Fifteen years have softened Irish sentiment toward Parnell, and anywhere from Blarney to Balleck you will get into dire difficulties if you hint ill of Parnell. Q Gladstone and O'Shea are still unforgiven. In Cork I once spoke to a priest of Kitty O'Shea, and with a little needless acerbity the man of God corrected me and said, " You mean Mrs. Katharine Parnell! " And I 126 apologized. 0[ The facts are that no one snatched Home LITTLE Rule from Ireland — Ireland pushed it from her. JOURNEYS Had_lJielaDiL.gtood by Parnell when it came out that te_loved, and had loved for ten years a most noble, intellectual,. honest & excellent woman, Peirnell would have still been the Irish Leader — the Uncrowned King. ((Gladstone-did not desert the Irish Cause until ^he Irish had deserted Parnell. Then Gladstone followed their example — and gladly. Since then Home Rule for Ireland has been a joke. The most persistent defamer of Parnell never accused the man of promiscuous conduct, nor of being selfish and sensual in his habit of life. He loved this one woman, and never loved another. And when a scur- rilous reporter, hiding behind anonymity, published a story to the effect that Katharine O'Shea had had other love affairs, the publisher, growing alarmed, came out the following day with a disclaimer, thus: "If Mrs. O'Shea has had other irregular experiences, they are, so far, unknown to the public." It was an ungracious retraction — but a retraction still — and caused a few Irish bricks to find the publisher's plate glass. The Irish lost Home Rule by allowing themselves to be stampeded. Their English friends, the enemy, play- ing upon their prejudices, they became drunk with hate and then their shillalahs resounded a tattoo upon the head of their leader. Nations and people who turn upon their best friends are too common to catalog. Says Elizabeth Cady Stanton in the Westminster " Review " for January 1891 : The spectacle of a whole 127 LITTLE nation hounding one man, & determined to administer JOURNEYS summary punishment, is pitiful at a time when those who love their fellowmen are asking for all the best moral appliances and conditions for the reformation of mankind. Force, either in the form of bodily infliction or mental lashing, has been abandoned by the experi- enced as ineffective and evil in all of its attributes. Acting on this principle what right has a nation to turn its whole engine of denunciation upon a human being for the violation of a personal unsettled question of morals ? A great, noble, unswerving love between a man and woman, mentally mated, is an unusual affair. That the Irish people should repudiate, scorn and spurn a man and woman who possessed such a love is a criticism on their intelligence that needs no comment. But the world is fast reaching a point where it realizes that honesty, purity of purpose, loyalty and steadfast- ness in love fit people for leadership, if anything does or can, and that from such a relationship spring free- dom, justice, charity, generosity and the love that suffereth long and is kind. There is no freedom on earth or in any star for those who deny freedom to others. The people who desire political Home Rule, must first of all rule their own spirits, and grant to individuals the right and privilege of Home Rule in the home where love alone rules. 128 ■m that had won ^'' " Uncrowned King. ^ROM the time O'Shea took his seat in Parliament, Parnell showed by his face and manner that he was a man with a rope tied to his foot. His health de- ^1 clined, he became apprehensive, nerv- ous, and at times lost the perfect poise for him the title of the He had bargained with a man with -whom no contract was sacred, and he was dealing with people as volatile and uncertain as Vesuvius. "I have within my hand a Parliament for Ireland," said Parnell in a speech to a mob at Galway. "I have within my hand a Parliament for Ireland, and if you destroy me, you destroy Home Rule for Ireland!" And the Irish people destroyed Parnell. In this they had the assistance of Gladstone, who after years of bitter opposition to Parnell, had finally been won over to Ireland's cause, not being able to disrupt it. When we cannot do'wn a strong man in fair fight all is not lost — we can still join hands with him. When Captain O' Shea secured a divorce from his wife, naming Par- nell as co-respondent, and Parnell practically pleaded guilty by making no defence, the rage against Parnell was so fierce that if he had appeared in Ireland, his life would have paid the forfeit. Then, when in a few months he married the lady ac- cording to the Civil Code, but without Episcopal or Catholic sanction, the storm broke afresh, and ahypocrit- ical world worked overtime trying to rival the Billings- 129 LITTLE JOURNEYS LITTLE g3te Calendar. The newspapers employed watchers, JOURNEYS who picketed the block where Parnell and his wife lived, and telegraphed to Christendom the time the lights were out, and whether Mr. Parnell appeared with a shamrock or a rose in his buttonhole. The facts that Mrs. Parnell wore her hair in curls, and smilingly hummed a tune as she walked to the corner, were con- strued into proof of brazen guilt and a desire to affront respectable society. Gladstone was a strict Churchman, but he was also a man of the world. Parnell's offense was the offense committed by Lord Nelson, Lord Hastings, the Duke of ^A^ellington, Sir Charles Dilke, Shakespeare, and most of those who had made the name and fame of England world-wide. Gladstone might have stood by Parnell and steadied the Nationalist Party until the storm of bigotry and prejudice abated, but he saw his chance to escape from a hopeless cause, and so he demanded the resignation of Parnell while the Irish were still rabid against the best friend they ever had. Feud and faction had discouraged Gladstone, and now was his chance to get out without either backing down or running away ! By the stroke of a pen he killed the only man in Great Britain who rivaled him in power — the only Irishman worthy to rank with O' Connor and Grattan. It was an opportunity not to be lost! To just take the stand of virtue and lift up his hands in affected horror, instead of stretching out those hands to help a man, whose sole offense was that he loved a woman with a love that counted not the cost, hesi- 130 tated at no risk, and which eventually led to not only LITTLE financial and political ruin, but to death itself. Parnell JOURNEYS died six months after his marriage, from nerve-wrack that had known no respite for ten years. In half apology for his turning upon Parnell, Gladstone once afterward said, " Home Rule for Ireland — what would she do with it anyway?" In this belief that Home Rule meant misrule, he may have been right. James Bryce, a sane and logical thinker, thought so, too. But this did not relieve Gladstone of the charge of owning a lumber yard and putting up the price of plank when his friend fell overboard. The ulster of virtue, put on and buttoned to the chin as an expedient move in times of social and political danger, is a garment still in vogue ! Says James Bryce: To many Englishmen, the proposal to create an Irish Parliament seemed nothing more or less than a proposal to hand over to these men the government of Ireland, with all the opportunities thence arising to oppress the opposite party in Ireland and to worry England her- self. It was all very well to urge that the tactics which the Nationalists had pursued when their object was to extort Home Rule would be dropped, because super- fluous, when Home Rule had been granted ; or to point out that an Irish Parliament would probably contain different men from those who had been sent to West- minster as Mr. Parnell's nominees. The internal con- dition of Ireland supplied more substantial grounds for alarm than English misrule. Three-fourths of the peo- ple are Roman Catholics, one-fourth Protestants, and this Protestant fourth subdivided into bodies not fond 131 LITTLE JOURNEYS of one another, who have little community of sentiment. Besides the Scottish colony in Ulster, many English families have settled here and there through the coun- try. They went farther, and made the much bolder assumption that as such a Parliament would be chosen by electors, most of whom were Roman Catholics, it would be under the control of the Catholic priesthood, and hostile to Protestants. Thus they supposed that the grant of self-government to Ireland would mean the abandonment of the upper and wealthier class, the landlords and the Protestants, to the tender mercies of their enemies. The fact stood out that in Ireland two hostile factions had been contending for the last sixty years, and that the gift of self-government might en- able one of them to tyrannize over the other. True, that party was the majority, and, according to the principles of democratic government, therefore entitled to prevail. The minority had the sympathy of the upper classes in England, because the minority contained the landlords. It had the sympathy of a large part of the middle class, because it contained the Protestants. There was another anticipation, another forecast of evils to follow, which told most of all upon English opinion. It was the notion that Home Rule was only a stage in the road to the complete separation of the two islands. Parnell's campaign diluted the greed of land- lords, but Ireland, politically, is yet where she has been for two hundred years, governed by bureaucrats. To Banks, Trust Companies, Rail- roads, Factories, Department Stores WE can supply the following booklets, by Elbert Hubbard, by the thousand, with your advertisment on front or back pages of Cover, all in de luxe form Sfr Sfr S«» Sfr^ S^ Sfr A MESSAGE TO GARCIA GET OUT OR GET IN LINE THE CIGARETTIST MISSOURI VALLEY BOY PASTEBOARD PROCLIVITIES , THE PARCEL POST THE CLOSED OR OPEN SHOP— WHICH ? State your line of business and we will send sample of booklets to suit THE ROYCROFTERS, East Aurora, N. Y. 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Daily walks and talks afield — trips to the wood*, Uke, Roycroft Camp, etc., etc. The^ew Booklet, descriptive of the Inn, with iUuttrations, will be mailed to you for Ten Cents THE ROYCROFTERS EAST AURQRA, ERIE CO., NEW YORK i^pcroft pinberp JOB DEPARTMENT ^^^^^URING the spring overhauling is a good T ■ time to pick out the books and maga- ^_ ^ zines you want bound. Your library, like your watch or house, needs periodical attention, especially the magazine part of it. The books that are coming to pieces, some favorite writer, or paper-bound books, some extra illustrated work, an autographed book, ^ a bunch of pamphlets, or anything that the bookbinders' art will preserve. . Magazines always contain articles that are worth keeping. If you do not want all they contain, take them apart, pick out the whole leaves you want and send them along. One complete year can be reduced to a nice handy volume. Our job depart- ment was never better equipped than now. Our work is all hand work along Art and Craft lines, and a book bound by us is an ornament to any, table or s^elf. Most of our customers come back to us year after year. Take a flyer on us by send- ing an old book or two and see what you get back. THE ROYCROFTERS EAST AURORA, ERIE COUNTY, NEW YORK, U. S. A. Ill CO cu O X H (A s'^i U4 0<>< a O Ul ill o: Qi D SO o vi^ ^ Z t- u Qi o Id Z < O < H ■en < o ^ ^ a -s S" 75^ ca o p 'O *- d5i § 1 1 .? i g^l^^ 1-° g a o TS a- ■'' S time goes on in its endless course, ^^^ environment is sure to crystallize the ^— -*^ American nation. Its varying ele- ments will become unified and the weeding out process will probably leave the finest human product ever known. The color, the perfume, the size and form that are placed in the plants will have their analogies in the composite, the American of the future. And nbw what will hasten this development most of all? The proper rearing of children. Don't feed children on maudlin sentimental- , ism or dogmatic religion; give them nature. Let their souls drink in all that is pure and sweet. Rear them, if possible, amid pleasant surroundings. If they come into the world with souls groping in darkness, let them see and feel the light. Don't terrify them in early life with the fear of an after world. There never was a child that was made more noble and good by the fear of a hell. Let nature teach them the lessons of good and proper living. Those children will grow to be the best of men and women. Put the best in them in contact with the best outside. They will absorb if as a plant does sunshine and the dew. LtfTHER BURB ANK 1 = WE H-AVE STILL A FEW COPIES OF THE RUBAIYAT OF OMAR KHAYYAM ©: jEING the fourth paraphrase of Edward FitzGerald with an intro- 'ductory essay by Hon. John "Hay. Some say these wonderful quatrains are three-fourths essence of FitzGerald and one-fourth Omar. This may be so and it may not: — Hamlet is Hamlet, even if Bacon did leave the play on Shakespeare's door-step. Q In two colors, original orna- ments, initials and borders by Mr. W^. W. Denslow. A book especially adapted for presentation. Regular edition, limp leather, sUk lined $2.00 THE ROYCROFTERS East Aurora, Erie County, New York A Dog of Flanders BY O U I D A ?UIDA is the greatest woman (^writer ij since Sappho — and we know nothing ) about Sappho. Ouida is a stylist — she i possesses power plus ; every great living j writer is debtor to her ; and A Dog of Flanders is the best example of her art. We have made the story up into a book — the best we know how. It is on Italian Hand-made paper, two colors, special borders, initials & ornaments by Roycroft artists. Bound in Limp Leather, Silk Lined, A few copies on Imperial Japan Vellum Bound Three-Fourths Levant THE ROYCROFTERS EAST AURORA, ERIE COUNTY, NEW YORK, U. S. A. THE BEST SELLING BOOK EVER PUBLISHED BY THE ROYCROFTERS THE MAN OF SORROWS B Y ELBERT HUBBARD ,EING a Little Journey to the Home of Jesus of Nazareth. A sincere atteimpt to depict the life, times and teachings, & with truth limn the personality of the Man of Sorrows. Printed on hand-made paper, from a new font of Roman type. Special initials and ornaments. One hundred & twenty pages. A very beautiful book, bound solidly, yet simply in limp leather, silk-lined. ©' It was time this book was issued — it is sure to dispel much theology ical fog. —Philadelphia '• Inquirer." Don't be afraid of Elbert Hubbard's "Man of Sorrovi^s." The work is reverent and thoughtful, and gives us the man Jesus as though he lived to-day. — Wiashington •' Star." We would all believe in Jesus of Nazareth if we knew him. " The Man of Sorrows " reveals the man with no attempt to make him any- thing else. j.~^'x-- — New Orleans " Picayune.'' It marks an| -^Chicago " Inter Ocean." Read it, otherwise you can never know Elbert Hubbard. l. 6 HittleSfoumeps tlPo f|omes( of #reat Hoberg BY ELBERT HUBBARD Ae Aeaql^ itfii^ .^ippA /ooe adorru its oject becomes'mt tcu^ tht possession af the one who loves; ^q i9^ ^ ^^ ^■ -:.■ I ■ •■■■ '-,■1 ."',H-/ ■ - ;»■>■ *:;?,■ PETRARCH AND LAURA ^ngle Copies 25 Cents By the Year, $3.00 SfBBS Little Journeys for 1906 , J'v, By ELBERT HUBBAIID Will be to the Homes of Great Lovers ===*!# =4=^= e Subjects are a»' Folio w»> | r Josiah and Sarah Wedgwood 2 WiUiarh Godwin and Mary Wollstonecraft 3 Dante and Beatrice 4 John Stuart Mill and ^Htarylet Taylor 5 Pamell and Kitty O'Shea 6 Petrai-ch and Laura 7 Dante Gabriel Rossetti & Elizabeth Siddaill 8 Balzac and Madame Hanska 9 Fenelon and Madame Guyon 10 Ferdinand Lassalle & Helene vonDonniges 11 Victor Hugo and Juliette Drouet 12 Robert Louis Stevenson & Fanny Osboume TEN YEARS OF THE PHILISTINE An Index & Concordance OF VOLUMES I TO XX Compiled by Julia Ditto Young. Bound soliflly in Boards to match The Philistine ;^ THE PRICE WILL BE ONE DOtLAR THE ROYCROFTE R S^ EAST AURORA, ERIE CO., NEW YORK / V: Entered at the postofiEice at East Aurora, Mew York, for transmSssioit as Becond. His father was a lawyer and politician, but on account of a political cyclone he became a soldier of fortune — an exile. The mother got permission to remain, and there she lived with their little brood at Incisa a small village on the Arno, fourteen miles above Florence. It is a fine thing to live near a large city, but you should not go there any more often than you can help. 137 LITTLE JOURNEYS LITTLE A city supplies inspiration, from a distance, but once JOURNEYS mix up in it and become a part of it, and you are ironed out and subdued. The characters and tendencies of the majority of men who have done things were formed in the country. Read the lives of the men who lifted Athens, Rome, Venice, Amsterdam, Paris, London and New York out of the fog of the commonplace, and you will find, almost without exception, that they were outsiders. Transplanted weeds often evolve into the finest flowers. And so my advice would be to any one about to engage in the genius business : Do not spend too much time in the selection of your parents, beyond making sure that they are not very successful. They would better be poor than very rich. They would better be ignorant than learned, especially if they realize they are learned. They would better be morally indifferent than spirit- ually smug. If their puritanism is carried to a point where it absolutely repels, it then has its beneficent use, teaching by antithesis. They would better be loose in their discipline than carry it so far that it makes the child exempt from coming to conclusions of his own. And as for parental love, it would better be spread out than lavished in a way that it stands between the child and the result of his own misdeeds. C In selecting environment do not pick one too pro- pitious, otherwise you will plant your roses in muck, when what they demand for exercise is a little diffi- culty in way of a few rocks to afford an anchor for roots. Genius grows only in an environment that does 138 not fully satisfy, and the effort to better the environ- ment and bring about better conditions is exactly the one thing that evolves genius. Petrarch was never quite satisfied. To begin with he was not satisfied •with his father's name, which was Petracco. When our poet was fifteen he called him- self Petrarch, probably with Plutarch in mind, "for the sake of euphony" he said. But the fact was that his wandering father had returned home, and the boy looking him over with a critical eye was not over pleased ■with the gentleman Sfr Then he became dis- pleased with his mother for having contracted an intimacy with such a man. Hence the change of name — he belonged to neither of them. But as this was at adolescence the unrest of the youth should not be taken too seriously. The family had moved several times, living in half a dozen different towns and cities. They finally landed at Avignon, the papal capital. Matters had mended the fortunes of Petracco, and the boy ■was induced to go to Montpelier and study la'w. The legend has it, that the father visiting the son a few months later, found on his desk a pile of books on rhetoric and poetry, and these the fond parent straight- way flung into the fire. The boy entering the room about that time lifted such a protest that a "Virgil" and a "Cicero" were recovered from the flames, but the other books including some good original manu- script ■went up in smoke. The mother of Petrarch died ■when our poet ■was 139 LITTLE JOURNEYS LITTLE twenty years of age. In about two years after his JOURNEYS father also passed away. Their loss did not crush him absolutely, for we find he was able to w^rite a poem expressing a certain satisfaction on their souls being safely in Paradise. At this time Petrarch had taken clerical orders and was established as assistant to the secretary of one of the cardinals. Up to his twentieth year Petrarch was self-willed, moody & subject to fits of melancholy. He knew too much and saw things too clearly to be happy. QFour authors had fed his growing brain — Cicero, Seneca, Livy and Virgil. In these he reveled. " Always in my hand or hidden in my cloak I carried a book," he says, " and thoughts seem to me to be so much more than things, that the passing ■world — the world of action and achievement — seemed to me to be an un- worthy ■world and the ■world of thought to be the true and real world. It will thus be seen that I was young and my mind unformed." The boy was a student by nature — he had a hunger for books. He knew Latin as he did Italian, and w^as familiarizing himself with Greek. Learning was to him religion. Priests ■who ■were simply relig[ious did not interest him. He had dallied in schools and monaster- ies at Montpelier, Pisa, Bologna, Rome, Venice and Avignon, moving from place to place, a dilettante of letters. At none of the places named had he really entered his name as a student. He ■was in a class by himself — he knew more than his teachers, and from his nineteenth year they usually acknowledged it. He was 140 a handsome youth, proud, quiet, low-voiced, self- LITTLE reliant. His form was tall and shapely, his face dark JOURNEYS and oval, with almost perfect features, his eyes espec- ially expressive and luminous. Priests in high office welcomed him to their homes, and ladies of high degree sighed and made eyes at him as he passed, but they made eyes in vain. He was wedded to literature. The assistance he gave to his clerical friends in preparing their sermons and addresses made his friendship desirable. The good men he helped occasionally placed mysterious honorariums in his way which he pocketed with a silent prayer of gratitude to Providence. A trifle more ambition, a modicum of selfishness, a dash of the worldly-wise and his course ■would have been relieved of its curves, and he would have gravi- tated straight to the red hat. From this to being pope would have been but a step, for he was a king by nature S«» S^ But a pope must be a business man, and a real, genuine king must draw his nightcap on over his crown every night or he '11 not keep his crown very long. Eternal vigilance is not only the price of liberty, but of everything else. High positions must be fought for inch by inch, and held by a vigilance that never sleeps. Q Petrarch would not pay the price of temporal power. His heart was in the diphthong and anapest. He doted on a well-turned sentence, while the thing that caught the eye of Boccaccio w^as a well-turned ankle. It seems that Petrarch took that proud cold position 141 LITTLE held by religious enthusiasts, and which young novi- JOURNEYS tiates sincerely believe in, that when you have once entered the church you are no longer subject to the frailties of the flesh, and that the natural appetites are left behind. This is all right when on parade, but there is an esoteric doctrine as well as an exoteric, which all wise men know, and that is that men are men, and women are women, and God made them so, and that the tonsure and the veil are vain when Eros and Opportunity join hands. [O man has ever taken the public more into his confidence than Petrarch, not even Rousseau who confessed more than was necessary, & probably more than was true. Petrarch tells us that at twenty-two he had descended from his high estate and been led into the prevailing follies of the court by more than one of the dames of high degree who flocked to Avignon, the seat of the Papal See. These women came from mixed motives — for their health, religious consolation, excitement. A young priest is a very alluring prize for an idle lady of poetic, literary and religious bent. ^Vhen priests sin Gabriel looks the other way. Petrarch states his abhorrence for the over-ripe, idle and feverish female intent on confession. He had 142 known her too well and so not only did he flee from the " Western Babylon," as he calls Avignon, but often remained away at times for two whole weeks. Like Richard Le Gallienne who has Omar say : Think not that I have never tried your way To heaven, you who pray and fast and pray, Once I denied myself both love and wine, Yea, wine and love — for a whole Summer day. Much of his time Petrarch spent in repenting. He repined because he had fallen from the proud pedestal where he delighted to view himself, (being both the spectator and the show. In his twenty-second year he met James Colonna, of the noble and illustrious Colonna family, and a fine friendship sprang up bet-ween them. The nobleman was evidently a noble man indeed with a heart and head to appreciate the genius of Petrarch, and the good commonsense to treat the poet as an equal. Petrarch pays Colonna a great tribute, referring to his moderation, his industry, his ability to wait on himself, his love for the out-of-doors. The friends used to take long walks together, and discuss Cicero and Virgil, seated on grassy banks by the wayside. "Men must have the friendship of men, and a noble, high-minded companion seems a necessity to prevent too much inward contemplation. It is better to tell your best to a friend, than to continually revolve it." Look out — not in, up, not dow^n. Then Petrarch in- nocently adds, " I vowed I would not have anything to do with women, nor even in the social converse, 143 LITTLE JOURNEYS LITTLE but that my few friends should be sober, worthy and JOURNEYS noble men of gravity." No man is in such danger from strong drink as the man who has just sworn off. Petrarch with pious steps went regularly to early mass. By going to church early in the day he avoided the fashionable throng of females that attended later.vEarly in the morning one sees only fishwives and fat market-women. On the sixth of April, 1327, at exactly six o'clock in the morning Petrarch knelt in the Church of St. Clara at Avignon. The morning was foggy, and the dim candles that dotted the church gave out a fitful flare. As Petrarch knelt with bowed head he repeated his vow that his only companions should be men — men of intellect, and that the one woman to arrest his thoughts should be his mother in heaven — peace be to her! And then he raised his head to gaze at the chancel, so his vow should there be recorded. He tried to look at the chancel, but failed to see that far. He could only see about ten feet ahead of him. What he saw was two braids of golden hair wound round a head like a crown of glory S<^ It was a woman — a delicate, proud and marvelous personality — a woman ! He thought her a vision and he touched the cold floor with his hands to see if he were awake. Petrarch began to speculate as to when she had entered the church. He concluded she had entered in spirit form and materialized there before him. He watched her, expecting any moment she would fade away into ethereal nothingness Sfr He watched her. 144 The fog of the cold church seemed to dissipate — the LITTLE day grew brighter, a stray ray of light stole in and for JOURNEYS an instant fell athwart the beautiful head of this w^onderful woman. Petrarch was now positive it was all a dream. Just then the woman rose, and with her companion stood erect. Petrarch noted the green mantle sprinkled with violets. He also made mental note of the slender neck, the low brow, the length of the head compared with the height, the grace, the poise, the intellect, the soul ! There he was on his knees — not adoring Deity, just Her! The rest of the congregation were standing. She turned and looked at him — a look of pity and re- proof, tinged with amusement, but something in her wondrous eyes spoke of recognition — they had some- thing in common ! She looked at him. Why did she turn and look at him ? Don't ask me, how do I know ! Perhaps telepathy is a fact after all. Possibly a man is a storage battery — man the positive, woman the negative — I really cannot say. Telepathy may be a fact — it may hinge on the strength of the batteries, and the condition of currents. She turned and looked at him. He had disturbed her religious meditations — rung up the -wrong number — she had turned and looked at him — a look of recogni- tion — a look of pity, rebuke, amusement & recognition. QHe rose and half tiptoed, half stumbled to the door, ashamed, chagrined, entranced. Ashamed because he had annoyed an Angel of Light, chagrined because he 145 LITTLE had lost his proud self-control and been unhorsed, JOURNEYS entranced by the fact that the Angel of Light had recognized him. Still they had never before met. To have seen this woman once would have been unforgettable — her glance had burned her brand into his soul. She had set her seal upon him — he w^as hers. He guessed that she knew who he was — he w^as sure he did not know her name. He lingered an instant at the church door, crossed himself foolishly with holy water, than passed out into the early morning bustle of the streets. The cool air fanned his face, and the gentle breeze caressed his hair. He put his hand to his brow. He had left his hat — left it in the church. He turned to go back after it, but it came over him that another glance from those eyes would melt him though he w^ere bronze. He virould melt as if he had met God face to face, a thing even Moses dare not do and hope to live Sfr S«» He stood in the church door as if he were dazed. The verger came forward, " My hat, good Stephano, I left it — ^just back of the fair lady." He handed the man a piece of silver and the verger disappeared. Petrarch was sure he could not find the lady — she was only a vision, a vision seen by him alone. He would see. QThe verger came back with the hat. " And the lady — you — you know her name? " " Oh, she, the lovely lady with the golden hair? That is Laura, the wife of Hugh de Sade." 146 "Of course, of course!" said Petrarch and reaching into a leather pocket that was suspended from his belt under his cloak he took out a handful of silver and gave it to the astonished verger and passed out and down the street, walking nowhere, needlessly fast. The verger followed to the door and watching the tall retreating form, muttered, " He does not look like a man who cuts into the grape to excess — and so early in the morning, too ! " LITTLE JOURNEYS ^HAT was a foolish saying of Byron, Man's love is of man's life a thing apart, 'Tis woman's whole existence. Does it not all depend upon the man and woman? The extent and quality of a woman's love compared with man's have furnished the physiologists and psychologists a great field for innocent speculation. And the whole question is still unsettled, as it should be, and is left to each new crop of poets to be used as raw stock, just as though no one had ever dreamed, meditated and speculated upon it before. QAs for Petrarch and Laura, Laura's love was of her life a part, 'twas Petrarch's whole existence. Laura was very safely married to a man several years her senior — a stern, hard-headed, unromantic lawyer, who was what the old ladies call " a good provider." He even provided a duenna, or chaperon of experience, 147 LITTLE one who knew all the subtle tricks of that base animal, JOURNEYS man, and where Laura went there went the chaperon. fl[ Petrarch once succeeded in slipping a purse of gold into the duenna's hands, and that worthy proved her fitness by keeping the purse, and increasing her watch- fulness of her charge as the danger of the poet's pas- sion increased. The duenna hinted that the sacrifice of her own virtue was not entirely out of the question, but Laura was her sacred charge. That is, the duenna could resist the temptations of Laura. This passion of Petrarch for Laura very quickly be- came known and recognized. The duenna doubtless retailed it below stairs, and the verger at the church also had his tale to tell. Love stories allow us to live the lover's life vicariously, and so that which once dw^elt in the flesh becomes a thought. Matchmakers are all living their lives over again in their minds. But beside the gossips, Petrarch himself made no secret of his passion. Almost daily he sent Laura a poem. She could have refused the gentle missive if she wished, but she did not wish. Petrarch had raised her to a dizzy height. ^Vherever she went she ^was pointed out, and the attorney, her husband, hired another duenna to watch the first. Sfr QThis love of a youth for a married woman was at that time quite proper. The lady of the knight errant might be one to whom he had never spoken. Petrarch sang for Laura; but he sang more melodiously than ever any one had sung before, save Dante alone. His homage was the honorable homage of the cavalier. 148 <5 Yet Hugh de Sade grew annoyed and sent a respect- LITTLE ful request to Petrarch to omit it. JOURNEYS This brought another sonnet, distributed throughout the town, stating that Petrarch's love was as sacred as that of his love for the Madonna, and indeed, he addressed Laura as the Madonna. Only at church did the lovers meet, or upon the street as they passed. Gossip was never allowed to evolve into scandal. Bliss Carman tells in a lecture of a fair and frail young thing crying aloud to her mother in bitter plaint, " He loves me — ^yes, I know he loves me — but only for liter- ary purposes ! ' ' Love as a mental " Martini" is a well-known fact, but its cold, plotted concoction is a poison and not a stim- ulant. Petrarch's love for Laura was genuine and sincere. That she fed & encouraged this love for twenty years, or to the day of her death we know full well. Qln Goethe's " Elective Affinities" the great German philosopher explains how a sublime passion can be preserved in all its purity on the Platonic plane for a long term of years. Laura was a married woman, wedded to a man she respected but could not love. He ruled her— she was his property. She found it easier to accept his rule than rebel. Had his treatment of her descended to brutality, she would have flown to her lover or else died. One critic says, " Laura must have been of a phlegmatic type, not of a fine or sensitive nature, and all of her wants were satisfied, her life protected and complete. The adoration of Petrarch was 149 LITTLE not a necessity to her — it came in as a pleasing diver- JOURNEYS sion, a beautiful compliment, but something she could easily do without. Had she been a maid and been kept the prisoner that she was, the flame of love would have burned her heart out, and life for her would have been a fatal malady, just as it was for Simonetta." And so we find Goethe coldly reasoning that a great Platonic love is possible where the woman is married to a man -who is endurable, and the man is wedded to a woman he cannot get rid of. " Thus four persons are required to work the miracle" says Goethe, and glides off casually into another theme. Laura was flattered by Petrarch's attentions — she be- came doubly attentive to her religious obligations. She wore the dresses he liked best. In her hair or on her breast there always rested a laurel leaf. She was nothing loath to being worshipped. "You must not speak to me," she once whispered as they passed. And again she wrote on a slip of parch- ment, " Remember my good name and protect it." A note like that would certainly rouse a lover's soul. It meant that she was his in heart, but her good name must be protected, so as not to start a scandal. The sin was in being found out. A sonnet, extra warm, quickly followed. Petrarch was full of unrest. His eyes burned w^ith fever; he walked the streets in despair. Colonna see- ing his distress and knowing the reason of it, sought to divert him. He offered to secure him a bishopric, or some other high office, where his energies -would 150 be absorbed. Q Petrarch would not accept office or responsibility S©» His heart was all bound up in Laura and literature. Colonna, in order to get his friend aw^ay from Avignon, then had himself appointed Bishop of Lombes, and made Petrarch his secretary S^ So the two friends started away for the new field, six hundred miles distant. They had a regular cavalcade of carriages and horsemen, for Colonna was a very rich man and every- thing was his for the asking Sfr They traveled by a circuitous route so as to visit many schools, monasteries and towns on the way. Everywhere honors vs^ere paid them. The change of scene, meeting so many new people, the excitement of making public addresses, revived the spirits of Petrarch. Gradually the intensity of his passion subsided. He began to think of something else beside his lady-love. Petrarch kept a journal of his trip which has been preserved for us in the form of letters. At one place on the route a most tragic circumstance came to his notice. It affected him so much that he wrote it out with many sorrow^ful comments. It seems a certain young monk of decided literary and musical ability was employed by a nobleman to give music lessons to his daughters. The inevitable happened. Petrarch said it did not — that the monk was wrong- fully accused. Anyway, the father of the girl, who was the magistrate of the district, ordered the monk to be sealed up in a cell and to remain there the rest of his 151 LITTLE JOURNEYS LITTLE life. The girl was sent to a nunnery and the monk in a JOURNEYS few weeks succeeded in killing himself, and his cell became his grave. This kind of punishment, carried out by the judge, who according to our ideas had no right to try the case, reveals the kind of "justice" that existed in the most civilized country on earth only a few^ hundred years ago. The barbarity of the sentence came very close home to Petrarch, and both he and the young Bishop tell what they think of the Christianity that places a penalty on natural affection. So they hastened away from the monastery where the monk whose love cost him his life, lived, on to their own field of labor. Here Petrarch remained for two years. His health and spirits came back, but poetry had gone by the board. In Lombes there was no one w^ho cared for poetry. Q Petrarch congratulated himself on having mastered his passion. Laura had become but a speck in the distant horizon, a passing incident of his youth. But he sighed for Avignon. There was life and animation, music, literature, art, oratory and the society of great men. Besides he wanted to prove to his own satisfac- tion that he had mastered his love for Laura. He would go back to Avignon. He went back; he saw Laura; she saw him, and passing him with a swift glance of recognition moved on. At sight of her his knees became weak, his heart seemed to stop and he leaned against a pillar for support. That night he eased his soul with a sonnet. 152 Q To his great embarrassment he found he had not mastered his passion — it was now mastering him. He tells us all this at length and he told Laura, too. His health began to decline, and his physician advised that he move to the country. And so we find him taking a course of solitude as a cure for love. He moved to Vaucluse, a hamlet fifteen miles from the city. Some of the old-time biographies tried to show that Laura visited him there in his solitude, and that was the reason he lived there. It is now believed that such stories were written for the delectation of the Hearst Syndicate and had no basis in fact. The only way Petreu-ch ever really met Laura was in imagina- tion S^ S^ Boccaccio, a contemporary and friend of Petrarch, declared that Laura had no existence outside of the imagination of the poet. But Boccaccio was a poet with a roystering proclivity, and truth to such a one in a love affair is out of the question. Lies and love, with a certain temperament go hand in hand. Possibly the absurd position of modern civilization towards the love emotions has much to do with this 5^ V/e have held that in human love there was something essen- tially base and bad, and so whenever a man or woman become involved in Cupid's meshes they are sudden and quick in swearing an alibi, no matter what the nature of the attachment may be. Boccaccio had to continually defend himself from charges, which most people knew were true, and so by habit he grew to deny everything, not only for himself, but his friends. 153 LITTLE JOURNEYS LITTLE The poet needs solitude and society — in right pro- JOURNEYS portions Sfr Sfr Petrarch lived at Vaucluse for ten years, making occasional trips to various capitals. Of his solitary life he says : Here at Vaucluse I make war upon my senses, and treat them as my enemies Sfr My eyes, which have drawn me into a thousand difficulties, see no longer either gold or precious stones, or ivory, or purple; they behold nothing save the water, the firmament, and the rocks. The only female who comes within their sight is a swarthy old woman, dry and parched as the Lybian deserts. My ears are no longer courted by those harmonious instruments and voices which have so often transported my soul; they hear nothing but the lowing of the cattle, the bleating of the sheep, the warbling of the birds, and the murmurs of the river. <5 1 keep silence from noon till night. There is no one to converse with ; for the good people, employed in spreading their nets, or tending their vines & orchards, are no great adepts at conversation. I often content myself with the dry bread of the fisherman, and even eat it with pleasure. Nay, I almost prefer it to vs^hite bread. This old fisherman, who is as hard as iron, earnestly remonstrates against my manner of life ; and assures me that I can not long hold out. I am, on the contrary, convinced that it is easier to accustom one's self to a plain diet than to the luxuries of a feast. I am fond of the fish with which this stream abounds, and I sometimes amuse myself with spreading the nets. As to my dress, there is an entire change; you would take me for a laborer, or a shepherd. My mansion resembles that of Cato or Fabricus. My whole house-establishment consists of myself, my old fisherman and his wife, and a dog. My fisherman's 154 cottage is near to mine ; when I want him I call, when I no longer need him, he returns to his cottage. I have made two gardens that please me wonderfully. I do not think they are equalled in all the world. And I must confess to you a more than female ■weakness with which I am haunted. I am positively angry that there is anything so beautiful out of Italy. One of these gardens is shady, formed for contem- plation, and sacred to Apollo. It overhangs the source of the river, and is terminated by rocks, and by places accessible only to birds. The other is nearer to my cottage, of an aspect less severe, and devoted to Bac- chus ; and, what is extremely singular, it is in the midst of a rapid river. The approach to it is over a bridge of rocks ; and there is a natural grotto under the rocks, which gives them the appearance of a rustic bridge. Into this grotto the rays of the sun never penetrate. I am confident that it much resembles the place where Cicero sometimes -went to declaim S^ It invites to study. Hither I retreat during the noontide hours ; my mornings are engaged upon the hills, or in the garden sacred to Apollo. Here I would most will- ingly spend my days, were I not too near Avignon, and too far from Italy. For why should I conceal this weakness of my soul ? I love Italy, and hate Avignon. The pestilential influence of this horrid place em- poisons the pure air of Vaucluse, and will compel me to quit my retirement. LITTLE JOURNEYS 155 LITTLE (^^^^^^ jRJj-vj'jIH E verdict of humanity seems to be JOURNEYS Mmm^^^wW that Laura was the most consummate JS coquette in history. She dressed to attract Petrarch's attention ; wore the flowers he liked best ; accepted his ^ amorous poems without protest ; placed _ herself in his way by running on the Z/fi^^CACJ same schedule. The Standard Dictionary makes some fine distinctions between flirtation, coquetry and coyness. Flirtation means to fascinate and leave the lover in doubt as to his fate — to lead him on and leave him in a maze. It does not imply that he does not have reason for hope. Flirtation is coyness refined to a system. iJiiS Coquetry is defined as an attempt to attract admiration and lead the lover up to a point of a matrimonial pro- posal and then reject him — a desire to gratify personal vanity. Coquettes are regarded as heartless, while flirts are often sincere creatures who adopt certain tactics for the sole purpose of bagging the game. That is, the flirt works to win, the coquette to reject. Coquetry is attention without intention. Flirtation is a race with the intention of being overtaken, and has in it the rudiments of that old idea that a woman must be captured. So we have a legend concerning those Sabine women, where one of them asks impatiently, " How soon does this attack begin ? " Laura was not a flirt. She was an honest wife and be- came the mother of ten children in her t'wenty years of married life. When Petrarch first saw her she had a 156 babe at home a year old. In another year, this first babe became "the other baby" and was put on a bottle with its little pug nose out of joint. There was always one on bread and milk, one on the bottle and one with nose under the shawl — and all the time the sonnets came fluttering a-down the summer winds. Q Laura was a cool-headed woman, shrewd and astute, with heart under perfect control, her feelings well upholstered by adipose. If she had been more of the woman she would have been less. Like the genuine coquette that she ■was, she received everything and gave nothing. She had a good digestion and no nerves to speak of. Petrarch describes her in a thousand ways, but the picture is so retouched that the portrait is not clear or vivid. He dilates on her mental, moral, spiritual and physical qualities, according to his mood, and the flattery to her was never too fulsome. Possibly she was not fully aware before that she was such a paragon of virtue, but believing in the superior insight of Petrarch she said, " It must be so." Thus is flattery always acceptable, nor can it be overdone unless it be laid on with a trowel. To flatter in rhythm, and rhyme with due regard for euphony and cadence is always safe, and is totally different from bursting out upon a defenseless woman with buckets of adoration. Laura evidently knew by intuition that her success in holding the love of Petrarch lay in never allowing him to come close enough to be disillusioned. She kept him 157 LITTLE JOURNEYS LITTLE at a distance & allowed him to do the dialogue. All she JOURNEYS desired was to perform a solo upon his imagination. Q Clothes play a most important part in Cupid's pranks. Though the little god himself goes naked he never allows his votaries to follow suit. That story of Venus unadorned appearing from the sea is only a fairy tale — such a sight would have made a love-lorn swain take to the woods, and would have been inter- esting only to the anatomist or a member of the life class. The wicket, the lattice, the lace curtain, the veil and mantilla, are all secondary sexual manifestations. In rural districts where honesty still prevails the girls crochet a creation vs^hich they call a " fascinator," and I can summon witnesses to prove it is one. Just why coquetry should be regarded as distinctly feminine I cannot say. Laura has been severely criti- cised by certain puritan parties with cold pedals for luring Petrarch on in his hopeless passion. Yet he knew her condition of life, and being a man of sense in most ways he must have known that had she allowed his passion to follow its unobstructed course it would have wrecked the lives of both. He was a priest and was forbidden to marry ; and while he could carry on an intrigue with a woman of inferior station and society would wink in innocency, with a woman of quality, it was different — his very life might have paid the penalty, and she would have been hoisted high by the social petard. Petrarch was no fool— he probably had enough con- fidence in Laura so that he knew she would play the 158 part. I know a successful business man in St. Louis, an owner of monopolies, on the profits of which he plays at being a socialist. This man knows that if he could succeed in bringing about the things he advo- cates it would work his ruin &^ He elocutes to the gallery of his cosmic self, for the ego is a multi-masked rascal and plays I-Spy, and leap-frog with himself the livelong day. Had the love of Petrarch and Laura ever gone to the point of executive session, he would straightway have ceased to write about it, and literature would have been the loser. It is not likely that either Petrarch or Laura reasoned things out thus far — we are all puppets upon the chess- board of Time, moved by the gods of Fate, and the fact that we know it proved for William EUery Chan- ning the soul of man. I am both the spectator and the play S^ Sfr The s AURA died of "the plague" in her fortieth year. Seven months after her death her husband paid her memory the compliment of taking a second wife, thus leaving us to assume that the first venture was a happy one, otherwise he would not have been in such haste to repeat it. econd wife of Hugh de Sade never stirred the 159 LITTLE JOURNEYS LITTLE pool of ink from which Petrarch fished his murex up. JOURNEYS He refers to this second wife once by indirection, thus : "The children of Laura are no longer motherless." QOn the death of Laura the poet was overwhelmed with grief. But this paroxysm of pain soon gave way to a calm reflection, and he realized that she was still his as much as she ever was. Her death, too, stopped all flavor of scandal that was in the bond, and thus Petrarch stood better in the eyes of the world and in his own eyes than he did when gossip was imminent. Q Petrarch expected to be immortalized by his epic poem "Africa," but it is not read today, even by scholars, except in fragments to see how^ deep the barren sands of his thought are. The sonnets which he calls " fragments written in the vulgar tongue," the Italian, are verses w^hich have made him live. They are human documents inspired by the living throbbing heart and are vital in their feeling and expression. His "best" poems are fifteen times as voluminous as his love poems ; they -were written in Latin and polished and corrected until the life was sand-papered out of them. His love for Laura was an idyllic thing as artificial as a monk's life, and no more virtuous. It belongs to a romantic age where excess ■was atoned for by asceti- cism ; and spasms of vice galled the kibe of negative virtue S^ Sfr This love for Laura was largely a lust for the muse. Q Fame was the god of Petrarch, and to this god he was forever faithful. He toiled unremittingly, slavishly, 160 painfully, cruelly for fame — and he was rewarded, so far as fame can reward. At Rome, on Easter Sunday in April 1341, with great ceremony, Petrarch was crowned with the laurel wreath, reviving the ancient custom of thus honoring poets. Petrarch had been working hard to have this distinction shown him at Paris as -well as at Rome, and the favorable response to his request at both places arrived on the same day. His heart longed for Rome. All his life he w^orked both wisely, and otherwise, for the Holy See to be removed to that city of his dreams. Paris was second choice. Petrarch had been cramming for exams for many months and when he set out on his journey in Feb- ruary his heart beat high. He stopped at Naples to be examined by the aged King Robert as to his merit for the honor of the laurel, and " for three days I shook all my ignorance," is Petrarch's reference to the way he answered the questions asked him by the scholars of his time. The King wanted to go on to Rome to the coronation but he was too feeble in strength to do this, so he placed his own royal robe upon the young man and sent him to the ancient city of learning, where a three days' proceeding marked an epoch in the history of learning from which the Renaissance began. Petrarch closed the pre-Raphaelite period in letters. ■While there is much in Petrarch's character that is vain and self-conscious, it must not be forgotten that there was also much [that was true, tender, noble and 161 LITTLE JOURNEYS LITTLE excellent. Q Petrarch was the founder of Humanism. JOURNEYS He is the first man of modern times to make us realize that Cicero, Virgil, Horace, Quintilian and Seneca were real and actual men — men like ourselves. Before his time the entire classic world stood to us in the same light that the Bible characters did to most so-called educated people, say in 1885. Even yet there are people who stoutly maintain that Jesus was something dif- ferent from a man, and that the relationship of God to Moses, Isaiah, Abraham, Elijah and Paul was totally different from God's attitude towards us. Before Petrarch's time the entire mental fabric of Greece and Rome for us was steeped in myth, fable and superstition. Petrarch raised the status of man, and over and over again proclaimed the divinity of all humanity S^ He realized his own worth, and made countless other men realize theirs. He wrote familiar letters to Homer, Sallust, Plato, Socrates and Seneca, addressing them as equals, and issued their replies. He showed the world that time is only an illusion and that the men of Greece derived their life from the same source from whence ours is derived, and that in all respects they were men with like tastes, passions, aspirations and ambitions as ourselves. He believed in the free, happy, spontaneous life of the individual ; and again and again he affirms that the life of expression — the life of activity — is the only life. Our happiest moments are when we forget self in useful effort. He held that every man should sing, speak, paint or carve — this that he might taste the joys of 162 self-expression. Constantly he affirms that this ex- pression of our highest and best is Paradise Sfr He combats the idea of Dante that heaven and hell are places or localities. Yet Petrarch was profoundly influenced by Dante. He used the same metaphors, symbols and figures. As a word-artist possibly he was not the equal of Dante, but as a man, an educated man, sane and useful, he far surpasses Dante. He met princes, popes and kings as equals. He was at home in every phase of society ; his creations were greater than his poems; and as a diplomat, wise, discreet, sincere, loyal to his own, he was almost the equal of our own Dr. Franklin. And always and forever he clung to his love for Laura. From his t^wenty-third year to his seventieth, he dedicated and wrote poems to Laura S«» He sings her wit, her beauty, her grace, her subtile insight, her spiritual worth. The book compiled after his death entitled "Poems on the Life and Death of Laura" forms a mine of love and allusion that served poets and lovers in good stead for three hundred years, and which has now been melted down and passed into the current coin of every tongue. It was his love-nature that made Petrarch sing, and it was his love poems that make his name immortal. He expressed for us the undying, eternal dream of a love where the man and woman shall live together as one in their hopes, thoughts, deeds and desires; where they shall work for each other; live for each other; and through this blending of spirit, we will be able to forget the sordid 163 LITTLE JOURNEYS LITTLE JOURNEYS present, the squalid here, the rankling now. By love's alchemy we will gild each hour and day, so it will l)e a time of joyous hope, and life will be a continual feast-day. And so through the desire and effort to ex- press we will reach the highest good, or paradise. Petrarch did not live this ideal life of love and service — he only dreamed it. But his dream is a prophecy — all desire is a promise. We double our joys by sharing them, and the life for the Other Self seems a psycho- logical need. Man is only in process of creation. We have not traveled far; we are only just learning to walk, and so we sometimes stumble and fall. But mankind is moving toward the light, and such is our faith now in the Divine Intelligence, that we do not believe that in our hearts were planted aspirations and desires that are to work our undoing. The same God who created Paradise devised the snake, and if the snake had some- thing to do with driving the man and woman out of the Garden into a world of work, it was well. Difficulty, trial, hardship, obstacle are all necessary factors in the evolution of souls. A man alone is only half a man — he pines for his mate. When he reaches a certain degree of mentality he craves partnership. He wants to tell it to Her ! ^Al^hen she reads she wants to read to Him. And when a man and woman reach an altitude where they spiritualize their love they are in no danger of wearing it out. PRINTING ^OME people who have seen our printing have hked it so well they have come to us and in- sisted upon our doing work for them ^ We are good-natured and have been unable to refuse, tk though at times it necessitated the shelving of our own business. However we are prepared now. We have not been printing de luxe books eleven years without accumulating traditions as to what good printing is, and our experience and equip- ment are at the service of those who are un- able to find what they want elsewhere. A folder that is our work is worthy and finds a place in many a collection of specimens. And if that folder tells your story you may be sure it will be read. The way a dish is served at table has all to do whether it is tempting or not, & the thing you want to tell the public in catalog or booklet printed by us invites reading. C Write to our MR. ROSEN, Superintendent of Printing, for THE ROYCROFTERS, East Aurora, N. Y. Roycroft Furniture JHE luxury of complete sat- isfaction is yours when you become the possessor of Roycroft Furniture The art of all craft work is that the form suggests the use. You never have to ask what a piece of Roycroft Furniture is for. This is why it never goes out of style. It is not the re- sult of a passing mood. It possesses the universality of things made by the old peoples who made things for their own use. And the reason our work possesses this quality is ' that every article we make was first made for our own use. Send for our new catalog, and write for special proposition if you need a quantity J- ^ ^ THE ROYCROFTERS FURNITURE DEPARTMENT EAST AURORA, ERIE CO., NEW YORK Thomas Jefferson Being a book by Elbert Hubbard and John J. Lentz, both of whom are literary stylists, and one admits it. J'OHN J. LENTZ is an orator. The O I man who writes this is familiar with ^^^^^'^ fustian, rant, bombast, preaching, talk, harangue and oratory. Were Webster, Clay, Calhoun and Tom Corwin alive to-day, Lentz would be regarded as right in their class. He has power, passion and poise in right proportion. In his sentences he is rolling, cumulative, impelling, often driving before him a flock of clauses, and always fetching up the verb in the right place. If you delight in big thoughts expressed in a big way read Lentz on Jefferson. The price of the book is Two Dollars — sent to you on suspicion. THE ROYCROFTERS EAST AURORA, which is in ERIE COUNTY, NEW YORK (CUT THIS PAGE OUT) *0 THE GOOD PHILISTINE TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME SfrS^ fiT% l,''l,'"|*Y1kf /^ ^^^ want the names of bookish cranks, laKp r I llllll* people equipped with wheels. That is to ^****^*^ * ** ' ^* • say: people who love beautiful things (not always knowing, why) and who occasionally do a bit of thinking on their own account. If you will send us the names of a few such, we will send them a sample copy of " The Philistine," & your reward will be the satisfaction of knowing you have passed along a Good Thing. NAME ADDRESS FROM ADDRESS 'HAT do we mean by radical? We mean a man who pulls things up by the roots and examines them, shakes off the dirt and looks at them as they actually are, strips them of all the rubbish of superstition, and the prej- udice handed down from the Dark Ages ; handed down from the time when men believed in al- chemy and branded chemistry as heresy ; handed down by the benighted brains that never saw nor dreamed of an electric light. The radical in poli- tics and in statesmanship is he whose intellect is controlled and dominated by the same holy and poetic purpose that inspired Tennyson to say.: I doubt not through the ages one increasing purpose runs, And the thoughts of men are widened with the process of the suns. Step by step the march of democracy, which is the march of the rights of man, has been accom- plished under the banner and leadership of the radical. —JOHN J. LENTZ Roycroft Summer School y^^HERE are Free Classes in Book- ie ^ J binding, Domestic Science, Ex- ^^^/ pression and Designing, also daily lectures on Art, Music, Literature, Physi- lology, Nature-Study, History and Right Living. Daily Walks and Talks afield — Trips to the Woods, Lake, Camps, Etc. The Rates at the ROYCROFT INN are Two I Dollars a Day and upward, according to Room ^^^^»^HE education gained at the expense of nerves and ■ J digestion is of small avail. We learn in times of ^^fc^r pleasurable animation, by doing, thru expression, thru music, and the manifold influences of beauty and harmony. H The intent of The Roycrqflers is not to impart truth, but 'rather to create an atmosphere in which souls can grow. THE ROYCROFTERS East Aurora, Erie County, New York To Banks, Trust Companies, Rail- roads, Factories, Departnent Stores WE can supply the following booklets, by Elbert Hubbard, by the thousand, with your advertisment on front or back pages of cover, all in de luxe form S^ S^ S^ Sfr^ flfr S^ A MESSAGE TO GARCIA GET OUT OR GET IN LINE THE CIGARETTIST MISSOURI VALLEY BOY PASTEBOARD PROCLIVITIES THE PARCEL POST THE CLOSED OR OPEN SHOP— WHICH ? State your line of business and we will send sample of booklets to suit THE ROYCROFTERS, East Aurora, N. Y. HE July PHILISTINE will contain A Little Journey to the Home of \ Mary Baker Eddy, being an Appreciation & also a Prophecy done in pianissimo by FRA ELBERTUS ^^'^^^^^^ ©' THE BEST SELLING BOOK PVj^ PUBj^SHED BY THE ROYCROFTERS THlMAN OF SORROWS BY ELBERT HUBBARD tEING a Little Journey to the Home of Jesus of Neaareth. A 8iq;ceire attempt to depict the life, times and teachings, & with truth limn the personality of the Man of Sorrows. ^Prait4d on hand-made paper, from a new fontof gtype. Special initials and ornaments. One hundred & twenty pages. A very beautiful book, bound solidly, yet simply in limp leath^, silk-lined. It )*ras time this book was issued — it is sure to dispel much theolog- ical fog. — Philadelphia " Inquirer." Don't be afrsdd of Elbert Hubbard's " Man of Sorrows." The work is reverent and thoughtful, and gives us the mftn Jesus as. though' he lived to-day. —Washington " Star." We would all believe in Jesus of Na2areth if we knew him. << iThe Man of Sorrows " reveals the man with no attempt to make him any- thing else. — New Orleans " Picayune." It marks an Epoch. — Chicago *' Inter Ocean." Read it, otherwise you can never know Elbert Hubbard. New York " Tribune." 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