Cornell University Library E 77.U58I39 1917 Indian appropriation bill. 3 1924 028 726 994 Cornell University Library The original of this book is in the Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924028726994 INDIAN APPROPRIATION BILL n HEARINGS BEFORE A 5" 1 a- SDBCOMirrTEE OF THE * COMMnTEE ON INDIAN AFFAIRS OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENT^IVES /tST^^^^'^V -<::* CONSISTING OF Hon. CHARLES D. CARTER, Chairman. \ AU'^ Hon. carl HAYDEN. Hon. PHILIP P. cWpBELLU-J ^ Hon. DENVER S. CHURCH. Hon. HOMlk P. SN^^^./g^^f^ \ V DECEMBER 4, 5, 6, 10, 11, 13, 14, 1917 AHNNW '4 T •A *N 'V±N03t^0 oi aaxNBSBad -- ^,^PRESENTED TO f HAhtwick Colle(SW ' "-^ ONEONTA, N. Y. . 5. P. KINNEY ^ ../^uJ"i WASniNGTON ^ 'r GOVEKNMENT PRINTING OFFICB V' ,;; 1917 ' {i *•/.(,)■] : #^ & 77 C(6B COMMITTEE ON INDIAN AFFAIRS. SIXTY-FIFTH CONGBESS. CHARLES D. CARTER, CARL HAYDEN, Arizona. DENVER S. CHDRCH, California. ' WILLIAM J. SEARS, Floriaa. C. C. DILL,, Washington. JOHN N. TILLMAN, Arkansas. HARRY L. GANDY, South Datota. WILLIAM W. ITASTliSiGS, Olclahoma. JOB H. EAGLt, Texas. W. B. WALTON, New Mexico. ZEB WEAVER, North Carolina. Oklahoma, Ghairmran. PHILIP P. CAMPBELL, Kansas. PATRICK D. NORTOTsr, North Dakota. HOMER P. SNYDER, New York. ROYAL C. JOHNSON, South Dakota. ■-- FRANKLIN F. ELLSWORTH, Miunesots. BURTON L. FRENCH, Idaho. DAVID G. CLASSON, Wisconsin. THOMAS A. CHANDLER, Oklahoma. ARCHIE D. SANDERS, New York. N. C. Bauuett, Clerk. ^5: o.s 4-^ ^ INDIAN APPROPEIATION BILL. HOTTSE OF RePKESI-M'ATIVKS, Committee on Indian Ai-faiesv 7'iKsn'ai/, Dect'iiiher 1).^ 1911 . The committee met at 10.30 o'clock a. m.. Hon. Charles D. Carlci- (chairman) presiding. On motion of Ml\ Hayden, the chairman appointed a subcom- mittee consisting of the chairman, Mr. Hayden. Mr. Church, Mr. Campbell, and Mr. Snyder, and any othei' menibei' of the entire committee who might be present from day to day, to conduct the hearings on the Indian appropriation bill. There was also present Mr. Edgar B. Meritt. Assistant Commi.-;- sioner of Indian Affairs. STATEMENT OF ME. EDGAR B. MERITT, ASSISTANT COMMISSIONER OF INDIAN AFFAIRS. The Chairman. The first item in the bill is as follows : A BILti Making appropriations for tile current and contingent expenses of the Bureau of Indian Affaii's, for fulfilling treaty stipulations with yarious Indian tribes, and for other purposes, for the fiscal year endinjj: .Tune 30, 10] 9. Bi' it inacted by the, Kciwtc and tf<)ii>!e of Ki iinnviitiilireH of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That the follDwiiig sum.s be, and they are hereby, appropriated, out of any money in the Treasuiy not otlierwis" appropriated, for the purpose of paying the current and cdntinuent expenses of the Bureau of Indian Affairs, for fultilling- healy sMpnIations with Viirioiis Indian tribes, and in full compensation for all offices and salaries which are provided for herein for the service of the lisc:d yenr endirie- .luiie thirtietli, nineteen hundred and nineteen, name! y : For the survey, resurvey, classification, und allotment of lands in severalty under the provisions of the act of Febrnury eighth, eighteen Inmdrs'd ;inil eighty-seven (Twenty-fourth Statutes at Lar^e, page three hundred and eighty-eight), entitled "An act to provide for the allotment of lands in severalty to Indians." and under rny other act or acts providing for the survey or alllot- ment of Indian lands, $100,000, to he repaid proportionallx- out ol any Indiai: moneys hehl in trust or otherwise by the United States and available by law for such reimbursable purposes and to remain available until expended: Pro- vided, That no part of said sum shall be used for the survey, I'esui'vej, classi- flcaticm. or allotment of any land in severalty on the public domtiin to any Indian, whether of the Navaj(t or other tribes, within the State of New Mexico and the State of Arizona, who was not residing upon the public domain prior to .Tune thirtieth, nineteen hundred and fourteen. Mr. Mbriti'. Mr. Chairman, I offer for the record the following justification for this item: Siirrei/iii(/ iiiiil iillottiiifi lniU((ii rey< irotioiix (reimbursable). Fiscal yaai- ending .Tune 30. 1918, amount appropriated .$100,000.00 Fi.scal year ended June 30, 1917: Unexpeuded balance from previous years 136, .5i.i. .S7 Amount approiiriated 100. 00 0. 00 236, S-^O. 37 Amount expended — 79, 0C3 . »S Unexpended balance 157, 51.-). 69 4 INDIAU APPKOPBIATION BILL. Analysis of expenditures: ^„ ^gg ^q Regular employees 7'l40'44 J Irregular employees loO'oO Rent of buildings - 041 50 ' Traveling expenses ' _„„■ „ ^ Transportation of supplies 1^37*74 Stationery, printing, and schoolroom supplies ' ' W OS Telegraphing and telephoning „«' 14 Heat, light, and power, including fuel ,. 04?' 00 Dry goods, sulisistence, forajjie, medical supplies a 1 oa ok Equipment «' ^- f.^ Live stock °2q 22 Miscellaneous 7ri5. 7^ 79, 063. 68 S'lirrryiiui mid allottinii Jiidiini nxcrrntions (reriiihurmihle). $100,000. Additional allotiiipnt work to unallotted children on various Sioux reservations $3,000 Additional allotments on the Gila Uiver Reservation, Ariz .5,000 Allotments on various mission reservations in California under act approved Mar. 2, 1917 (39 Stat. L., 969) 5.000 Allotments on Camp McDowell and Salt River Reservations, Ariz 5,000 Continuation of allotmant work on the Umatilla Reservation ___ 2,000 Bxpen.se in connection with allotment work, such as forage, equip- ment, material, traveling expenses, etc 5,000 For surveys by General I;and Office 75.000 Under authority foimd in the act of May 29. 1908 (35 Stat. L., 451), pro- vision is made for allotments under the act of March 2, 1889 (25 Stat. L., 888), to unallotted children of the Sioux Tribe of Indians so long as the tribe to ^vhich such children belong is possessed of any unallotted tribal or reservatioli lands. The Cheyenne River, Crow (U-eek, and Lower Brule Reservations eon- tain surplus areas that may be allotted to children born to members of said tribes. This \\nrk has been in progress for some years and should continue so long as there are any available lands that are suitable for allotment purposes. The sinking of wells and development of underground water for irrigation pui-pcises in the Gilu Valley outside of and adjacent to the Gila River Reserva- tion has pra(-tically proven that lands similarly situated within the reserva- tion can be irrigated, and in view of this additional irrigjible allotments are being made to these Indians. An increase in the area of irrigable allotments will be of material assistance to the Indians in the raising of suitable crops, and this allotment work should be continued until completed. This reserva- tion embraces 367,000 acres and the Indian population numbers about 4,000 persons. An item ccmtaiiied in the act of March 2, 1917 (39 Stat. L.. 969), provides for allotments in se\eralty to the various bands or villages of Indians in Cali- fornia, and to cari-y out existing law necessarily funds will be required to make these allotments. There are about .W of these small reservations, and in the aggre.uale lliey i-over aiiriroxiniately 185.000 acres, I The lands of I lie Camp .McDowell Reservation should be allotted pro rata to the Indians entitlcil Uicreto. There are approximately 25,000 acres of grazing land on this i-cseiv;i|-ion and 250 Indians. Provision 'sh(mld also be made for allotting these Indians small tracts of irrigable lajid on the Salt River Reser- vation, where certain irrigable areas have been reserved for their use and benefit. .Vllotment work on th Umatilla Reservation, Oreg., should be oontinvied until completed. The pi-esent diminished reservation contains iipproximatelv 74000 iicres, and there aiv pos.sibly 600 Indians entitled to allotments. This allotment woik was recently started. Surveys by the (Jeneral Land Office sh(mld be undertaken on the Fort Ajiache, San (Jarlos. and Nava.io Indian Reservations, which it is esHmntpfl ^^•ili cost about .$630,000, and with the proposed segregation of $75 000 frn^ thP approiirlation asked for, together with any unexpended balances f,.r,rn T.r;«r appropriations, a part of this work can be started. ' ^ INDIAN APPfiOPBXATION BILL. KESEKVATIONS Ol'ENKU. Round Valley, Oal. Coeur d'Alene, Idaho. Pottawatomie, Kans. Bois Fort, Minn. Deer Creek, Minn. Fond du Lac, Minn. Grand Portage, Minn. Leech Lake, Minn. White Oak Point and Chippewa, Minn. Port Peck, Mont. Flathead, Mont. Niobrara, Nebr. Devils Lake, N. Dak. Standing Rock, N. Dak. and S. Dak. . Cheyenne and Arapaho, Okhi. Iowa, Okla. Kickapoo, Okla. Kiowa and Comanche, Okla. Oakland, Okla. Ottawa, Okla. Pawnee, Okla. Peoria, Okla. Pottawatomie, Okla. Sauk and Fox, Okla Shawnee, Okla. Wichita, Okla. Wyandotte, Okla. Siletz, Oreg. Lake Traverse, S Yankton, S. Dak. Uncompahgre, Utah Chehalis, Wash. Puyallup, Wash. Colville, Wash. Seminole, Okla. Dak. KESEKVATIONS PABTLY OPENED. Hoopa Valley, Cal. Ute, Colo. Fort Hall, Idaho. Red Lake, Minn. Crow, Mont. Walker River, Nev. Yuma, Ariz. Fort Berthold, N. Dak. Cheyenne River, S. Dak. Pine Ridge, S. Dak. Rosebud, S. Dak. Uintah Valley, Utah. Wind River, Wyo. Lapwai, Idaho. Spokane, Wash. BEREBVATIONS NOT OPENED (CONTAINING SURPLUS AEEAS). Camp McDowell, Ariz. Colorado River, Ariz. Fort Apache, Ariz. Fort Mojave, Ariz. Gila Bend, Ariz. Gila River, Ariz. Havasupai, Ariz. Hopi, Ariz. Kaibab, Ariz. Papago, Ariz. Salt River, Ariz. Navajo, Ariz. San Carlos. Ariz. Walapai. Ariz. Digger, Cal. Mission, Cal. Paiute, Cal. Tule River, Cal. Seminole, Fla. Sauk "and Fox, Iowa. Vermillion Lake, Minn. White Earth, Minn. Blackfeet, Mont. Crow Creek, S. Dak. Lower Brule, S. Dak. Goshute and Scattered Bands: Pan guitch and Shivwits, Utah. Hoh River, Wash. Kalispel, Wash. Makah, Wash. Fort Belknap, Mont. Note— Some of the reservations classified under Ueservations not opened, containing surplus areas," have not as yet been allotted. Northern Cheyenne, Mont. Sioux Additional, Nebr. Winnebago, Nebr. Duck Valley, Nev. Moupa River, Nev. Paiute, Nev. Pyramid Luke, Nev. Mescalero Apache, N. Mex. Pueblos, N. Mex. Zuni, N. Mex. Omaha, Nebr. .Ticarilla Apache, N. Mex, Alleghany, N. Y. (.'iittarauKus, N. Y. Oil Spring, N. Y. Oneida. X. Y. Onondaga, N. Y. St. Regis, N. Y. Tonawanda. N. Y. Tuscarora, N. Y. Klamath, Oreg. Umatilla. Ore;;. Warm Springs, Oreg. Quileule. Wash, Quinaielt. Wash. Shoalwater. Wash. Yakima, Wash, Lac du Flambeau, Wis. Menominee. Wis. Ozette, Wiish, CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY INDIAN APPKOPEIATION BU.L KESEBVATIONS OI,OREI). Pala, 1311. The Sbcketaky ok the Intebiok. Sik: The Wanu Springs Reservation iu Oregon is defiDed in the treaty of June 25, 1855 (12 Stat. L., 963), as follows: "Commencing in the middle of the channel of the De Chutes Hiver opposite* tlie eastern termination of a ranw of high lands usually linown as the Mutton Mountains ; thence westerly to the summit of said range along the divide to its connection with the Cascade Mountains; thence to the summit of said moun- tains; thence southerly to Mount Jefferson; thence down the main branch of De Chutes River ; heading in this peak to its junction with De Chutes River ; and thence down the middle of the channel of said river to the place of beginning." The Indian ajiiiroijriation act approved August 19, 1890 (26 Stat. L., 355), contains the following provision : " That the President of the United States is hereby authorized to appoint a commission, to be composed of three persons, not more than two of whom shall be of the same political party, and not more than one of whom shall be a resident of any one State, whose duty it shall be to visit and thoroughly investigate and determine as to the correct location of the northern line of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, in tlie State of Oregon, the same to be located according to the terms of the treaty of .June twenty-fifth, eighteen hundred and fifty-flve, wliich commission shall report their conclusions as to the proper location of said line to the Secretary of the Interior * * « ^^^ gjjid commission shall make report of the facts ascertained and of their conclusions and recommenda- tions upon all matters hereby committed to them to the Secretary of the In- terior. And the Secretary of the Interior is hereby required to report the facts found and the conclusions and recommendationis of said commission and of his action thereon to Congress for ratification." Pursuant to tlTe foregoing item of legislation, a commission was duly ap- pointed for the purpose of investigating and determining the correct location of the northern line of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation and In accord- ance with the findings of the commission, Congress, by the act of June 6, 1894 (28 Stat. L., 86), permanently fixed and established the northern boundary of the reservation as run and surveyed ))y T. B. Handley in 1871. A full history of the boundary dispute culminating in the act of June 6, 1894, supra, will be found in Senate document No. C7, Fifty-first Congress, first session. The Indians' of the Warm Springs Reservation, however, still feeling that the north and west boundaries of the reservation were not established in ac- cordance with the terms of the treaty, have repeatedly requested the office to make a still further investigation into the matter. These protests resulted in the item cont.Tined in the appropriation act approved March 2, 1917 (Public, 869), which provides as follows: " For the survey, resurvey, classification, and allotment of lands in severalty under the provisions of the act of February eighth, eighteen hundred and eighty-seven (Twenty-fourth Statutes at Large, page three hundred and eighty- eight), entitled, "An act to provide for the allotment of lands in severalty ti> Indians," and under any other act or acts providing for the survpv or illot- ment of Indian lands, $100,000, * * *. That $5,000 of the above amount shall be used for an investigation and report on the merits of the claim of the Indians of tlie Warm Springs Reservation in Oregon to additional ?anTaris ng from al eged erroneous surveys of the north and west boundaries of tUeir reservation as defined in the treaty concluded June twenty-fifth ei-rhtpLr, hivn dred and fifty-flve (Twelfth Statutes at Large, page nine hundVid nnr? « vJ^ three), and the Secretary of the Interior is hereby authorim? to make suS INDIAN APPEOPRIATIDN BILL. 9 surveys or resurveys us may be necessary to complete said investigation and report. Tlie survey of the reservation by T. B. Handley was made in 1871, and In 1886 a contract was entered into witli one Jolm A. McQuinu for tlie survey of the northern and vs^estern boundary lines, wlvch latter survey was approved July 19, 1889. The effect of the act of June 6, 1894, was to abrogate and annul the survey made by John A. McQuinn, not only as to the northern boundary of the reservation, but also as to every line or part of that survey that was predi- cated upon the false northern boundary as established by him, particularly the western boundary (see departmental- decision of May 24, 1906, on the subject Indian Division. 4495-1906). A photographic copy of tracing, showing in colors the Handley and McQuin surveys, is inclosed. Inasmuch as former surveys are involved, and as work of this character comes under the jurisdiction of the General Land OfRce, it is thought advisable that the investigation authorized by the act of 1917, supra, should be under- taken by that office. Accordingly, I have tlie honor to recommend that that office be directed to issue appropriate instructions to have this investigation made as soon after July 1, 1917, as practicable. The investigation should be full and complete as to the true north and west boundaries of the reservation from the initial point of survey, i. e., " commencing in the middle of the channel of the De Chutes River opposite the eastern termination of a range of high lands usually known as the mutton Mountains," thence to Mount Jefferson, and, in the event that it is ascertained that approved surveys have excluded any land rightfully belonging to the Indians, Its area and value should be given. Upon the conclusion of the investigation, this office should be given the benefit of the full report, for such further action as the facts may warrant. Respectfully, E. B. Meritt, Assistant Commissioner. Apkil 13, 1917. Approved and referred to the Coinniissioner of the General Land Office for appropriate action. Franklin K. Lane, Secretary. The Chairman. The. next item is as follows: For the construction, repair, and maintenance of Irrigation systems, and for purchase or rental of irrigation tools and appliances, water rights, ditches and lands necessary for irrigation purposes for Indian reservations and allot- ments; for operation of irrigation systems or appurtenances thereto, when no other funds are applicable or available for the purpose; for drainage and pro- tection of irrigable lands from damage by floods or loss of water rights; and for necessary surveys and Investigations to determine the feasibility and estimated cost of new projects and power and reservoir sites on Indian reservations in accordance with the provisions of section thirteen of the act of June twenty- fifth, nineteen hundred and ten. $23.5.000, reimbursable as provided in the act of August first, nineteen hundred and fourteen, and to remain available until expended: Proviihil. That no part of this appropriation shall be expended on any irrigation system or i-eclamation project for which specific appropriation is 'made in this "act or for which public funds are or may be available under any other act of Congress; for pay of one chief inspector of irrigation, who shall be a skilled irrigation engineer, $4,000; one assistant inspector of irriga- tion, who shall be a skilled irrigation engineer, .$2,500; for traveling and incidental expenses of two inspectors of irrigation, including sleeping-car fare and a per diem of not exceeding $4 in lieu of subsistence when actually em- ployed on duty in the field and away from designated headquarters, $3,200; for pay of seven supervising engineers, six of whom shall be skilled irrigation engineers, and one competent to pass upon water rights, and one field cost accountant, and for subsistence and traveling and incidental expenses of the aforesaid supervising engineers and cost accountant, including sleeping-car fare, when actually employed on duty in the field and away from designated headquarters, $30,000; in all, $274,700. 10 INDIAN .APPROPRIATION BIIX. Mr. Meritt. Mr. Chairman, I offer for the record the following justification for this item : IrrijKi.tion, Indian renervations (nimbursable). Fiscal year ending .lune 30, 1918 : »93g qqq qq Amount appropriated Fiscal year ended June 30, 1917: -.^x 222 89 Unexpended balance from previous years oq;^' nnri' nr> Amount appropriated ^rfo, uw. uu 340, 222. 89 Amount expended ^ 188, 941. 38 Unexpended balance 151,281.51 ^ Analysis of expenditures : Regular employees ^^' ~°°- '° Irregular employees "^' ^^^- "j Construction of buildings ^< jjr'^^ Repairs and rent of buildings 867.05 Traveling expenses '''' '*^9- ^ Transportation of supplies 3,137.95 , Stationery and printing 681.61 Telegraphing and telephoning l i^W. 71 Heat, light, and power, including fuel li 737. 21 Dry goods, sub;-iistence, forage, medical supplies 1, 044. 65 Equipment 38, 571. 34 Stream gauging investigations 3,931.41 Water ' 2, 291. 66 Miscellaneous .593. 73 188, 941. 38 IRKIGATION, INDIAN KESEEVATIONS, ?274.7II0. The estimated expenditures from the funds requested for 1919 will be for the following: Irrigation district No. 1, Oregon, Washington, and northern California: Ahtanum project, Yakima Reservation, maintenance and con- struction $25, 000 Satus, Toppenish, and Simcoe projects, Golville Reservation, pre- liminary investigations 3, 000 Stranger Mai'sh, Golville Reservation, drainage 5,200 Miscellaneous surveys and expenses of the office of the superin- tendent of irrigation for district No. 1 10,000 Total 43,200 Irrigation district No. 2, Idaho, Nevada, and Utah: Shivwitz, maintenance and construction 1,200 Moapa River, maintenance and construction 1.000 Western Shoshone, maintenance and construction 0,500 Walker River, maintenance and construction 6, 8U0 Miscellaneous surveys and expenses of the office of the superin- tendent of irrigation for district No. 2 10,000 Total 28,500 Irrigation district No. 3, Montana, Wyoming, and South Dakota : Miscellaneous sui-veys and expenses of the oiflce of the superin- tendent of irrigation for district No. 3 o nno Irrigation district No. 4. central and southeru California and southern Arizona : Office expense of the superintendent of irrigation for district No 4 salaries, traveling expenses, office supplies, telegraph and tele' ^ phone, etc ,,. _„ 15,500 INDIAN APPROPRIATION BILL. H Irrigation district No. 4 — Continued. Agua Caliente Reservation, maintenanee and construction $3, OOO Morongo Reservation, maintenance and construction 2, 000 Pala Reservation, maintenance and construction 20,' 000 Pauma Reservation, maintenance and construction si 000 Rincon Reservation, maintenance and construction 4^ 000 AIv Cliin Reservation, maintenance of pumping station ' 800 Papago Reservation, San Xavier, maintenance 2,000 Miscellaneous surveys and investigations 5^000 Miscellaneous projects, maintenance and construction II 10,000 Total G7;300 Irrigation District N(.. 5, northern Arizona, New Mexico, and Colorado: Southern Ute. Pine River project, maintenance and construction_ 9, 000 San .Tuan Reservation, Hogback Canal system, maintenance and construction 22 000 New aiexico Pueblos, maintenance and construction 12,000 Zuni Reservation, maintenance and construction 5, 000 Navajo, miscellaneous, including Tes-nos-pos, Moencopi Wash, Captain Tom Wash, Red Luke, and other Navajo projects 20,000 Miscellaneous surveys, and expenses of the office of the superin- tendent of irrigation 12,000 Total 80, 000 (Jeological Survey, cooperative stream gauging 8, 000 Chief Inspector, ami assistant chief inspector, salaries and ex- penses 9, 700 Superintendents of irrigation (skilled irrigation engineers), sala- ries and expenses 21,500 Superintendent of irrigation (competent to pass on water rights), salary and expenses o, 000 Field-cost accountant, salary and expenses 3, 500 Total 30, 000 Grand total 274, 700 Ahtanum project. Yakima Reservation, Wash 25,000 We have made some small im])roveinents during the past year, but the area now coming under this project has so taxed the capacity of this side-hill canal that the expenditure of $6 per acre, or $25,000 for the 4,500 acres, in the en- largement for betterments in both the maui canal and the distribution system are essential if these lands are to have an uninterrupted supply of water dur- ing the flood period. It was necessary to turn the water out of this canal for nearly 20 miles for a period of 10 days this season to malce repairs. Satus, Toppenish, and Sinicoe projects, Yakima Reservation $3,000 Three thousand dollars is required to make the necessary borings at the pro- posed dam sites. These projects are apparently feasible, and will place some 55,000 acres of additional land under cultivation when completed. These allot- tees have urged the construction of these projects in order that they might make a living from their lands. Stranger Marsli. Colville Reservation $5,200 It is proposed to use this sum in draining Stranger Marsh, which contains 420 acres of land comprising the allotments of six Indians. This land must remain unproductive until drained, therefore this work should lie done as early as practicable. Miscellaneous surveys and expenses of the office of the superintendent of irrigation for district No. I $10,000 Necessity for investigations into water resources, possible power develop- ments and" encroachments upon Indian water rights, which require the presence in the field of survey parties, arise from time to time. Allowance is made under this heading for the foregoing contingencies and other unforeseen expenses and for such proportion of the salaries of the district office employees as is not properly chargeable to appropriations for specific projects. 12 INDIAN APPEOPBIATION BILL. Shivvvits, maintenance and construction . ' This is a small reservation and has but a small acreage under <^"Jtj^'l^° which is covered bv two Indian ditches from the river and a portion iiom uie canal owned bv private parties. The Indian ditches are subject to '^'^}^ 'f^^^^ damage from high water and require considerable maintenance for tnih leasou. Water is furnished from the private canal on a rental bnsis and tlie lenwi ib in- cluded in the above estimate. Moapa River, maintenance and constructi structed a crude irrigation system consisting of a reservoir and ditch line exca- vated in the gravel. A number of acres of orchards have been planted, and the Indians have shown great diligence as agriculturists. Owing to the porous nature of the soil, the Indians have always experienced great difficulty in obtaining sufficient water. Their irrigation system is ex- tremely Inefficient and should be replaced at once by a more modern system. Within the past three years other irrigators have begun to divert water from the same source, and the Indians must therefore not irrigate wastefully if they are to preserve their own water rights. Kincon Reservation, maintenance and construction $4,000 The irrigation system at Rincon, consisting of five pumping plants and sev- eral miles of distributing pipe, has been installed since 1913. It was expected that this system could be completed during 1918, but some additional work has vet to be done this year in repairing the flood damage of 1916. For this reason it will be necessary to install additional pipe Imes in 1919 in order to make possible the most efficient use of water for irrigation. The maintenance of the pumping plant is absolutely essential to the welfare of the Rincon Indians. Ak Chin Reservation, maintenance and construction $800 The proper maintenance of the three pumping plants at Ak Chin Is essential to their continuous operation. Repairs will, in general, be made by the sta- tionary engineer. It is estimated that $800 will be sufficient to cover the cost of these repairs during the fiscal year 1919. 14 INDIAN APPKOPBIATION BILL. Papago Reservation, San Xavier, maintenance ■ h At least four pumping plants will be in operation at San Xavier "^""^^^^^ greater part of 1919. It is essential that these plants and S3j. 07 Unexpended balance 1, 166. 93 Analysis of expenditures : Regular employees 25, 092. 75 Irregular employees 46, 739. 35 Traveling expenses 67, 080. 72 Transportation of siiijplles 13.50^ Stationery, printing, and schoolroom supplies 228. 04 Telegraphing and telephoning 2, 160. 10 Dry goods, subsistence, forage, medical supplies 822. 82 Equipment 2, 104. 01 Miscellaneous 4, 523. 78 148, 833. 07 STa'PEESSING LIQXrOK ' TKAFFIC AMONG INDIANS. The title of the appropriatioji indicates the purposes for which this money is to be used. Congress has enacted general and special laws prohibiting the traflic in intoxicants among the Indians, and has also made appropriations for ■many years for the purpus-e of carrying out such legislation. Special efforts have been matle to reduce to a Ininimum and eliminate the sale of liquor to Indians ainl its introduction within their reservations, and to relax now after the results obtained would undo and destroy all the good that has thus far been accomplished. While many of the States have voted for " bone-dry " and Congress by the Heed amendment to the post-office bill has prohibited the sJiipment of liquor for beverage purposes into such States, yet this legi.slatiou has not eliminated the traffic in intoxicants. The cost of liquor in these States has materially increased, and the field has proven to be a profitable one because of the large returns obtained. Our work therefore has been made more difficult, and calls for the same amount of labor, if not more, in order to cope therewith. Furthermore, many of the States are not affected by the Reed amendment, and others contend that the worli must be done by the Federal Government, and therefoi-e our labors to protect the Indians from intoxicants must go on just the same. To protect the Indians from intoxicants and eliminate the traffic entirely would brini;- about the Industrial, financial, and moral advancement of these people, and thereby hasten the day when they can be placed upon their own resources and relieve the Federal Government of the necessity of making fur- ther appropriations in their behalf. The sum asked for should be allowed. Mr. Hatde.n. A'^Hiat has been the experience of the department in the suppression (;f the liquor traffic in States that have adopted pro- hibition? Has the expense decreased? Mr. Meeitt. We find that we need liquor-suppression officers in the dry States as well as in the wet States, for the reason that bootleggers receive a larger return now than before. Liquor is selling for aS much as $12 per quart in some of the dry States, and the Indians are paying that much money to the bootleggers for it. We find it qmte difficult to keep liquor away from the Indians even in the dry States, although not as much difficulty as when the open saloons were in operation. Mr. Hatden. I was talking to the Federal, judge and United States marshal for the district of Arizona less than two weeks ago, and both of them told me that they had very few ca.ses before the INDIAN APPROPRIATION BILL. 19 Federal court at this time involving the suppression of the liquor traffic among the Indians. That being the case, there can not be as much need for this appropriation as heretofore. Now, Arizona has more Indians than anj' other State in the Union and New Mexico comes next. New Mexico has als(i voted dry, and it seems to me that there should be some corresponding reduction in the expense of the Government for the suppression of the liquor traffic among Indians in the States where prohibition is in force. Mr. Meritt. We find that that condition does prevail in Arizona. We have had very little trouble in that State since the enactment of the prohibition law, but in other dry States Ave have had considerable difficulty in keeping liquor away from the Indians. Mr. Hayden. I am perfectly willing to spend every dollar that is necessary to enforce the Fetleval law, but I do not believe in keep- ing a lot of men on the job of suppressing the liquoi- traffic among the Indians when there is nothing for them to do. The Chairman. Mr. Meritt, ydu can also draw upon forces ap- propriated for under several other heads for this work, can you not ? Mr. Meritt. No, sir. Of course, we have the Indian police on the reservations who are always looking after the work of keeping liquor from the Indians. The Chalrmax. You have $100,000 there. Mr. Mehitt. Yes, sir; and we have the entire force of school em- ployees, as well as agency employees, who are devoting more or less of their time to the work of keeping liquor away from the Indians. The Chairman. All of them are authorized to aid in the suppres- sion of the liquor traffic among the Indians ? Mr. Meritt. It is the duty of every Indian Office employee to do what he can to keep liquor away from the Indians, but, at the same time, it is necessary to have a special force devoting 1 heir whole time to this work. We have 17 special officers who go around over the country, from one reservation to another, devoting their time to this work exclusively. Mr. Tillman. It is certainly very important to suppress the liquor traffic among the Indians, and I favor the appropriation of every dollar that is necessary for that purpose. Mr. Hayden. I heartily agree with you. but I want to be sure that it is necessary. Mr. Snyder. Mr. Hayden is jight. It seems to me that where a State has gone dry we ought to begin to reduce this expense. Mr. Hastings. I want to ask you this: Is this money to be ex- pended anywhere the department sees fit to expend it in States where these Indians are located? Mr. Meritt. Yes, sir. Mr. Hastings. A part of it is expended in Arizona, u part in Okla- homa, a part in New Mexico, and a part in otliev western States where the Indians are located for the suppression of the liquor traffic among the Indians? Mr. Merit'J'. Y''es, sir. Mr. Hayden. You have cut out a part of the language used in the last bill. Mr, Meritt. That is permanent legislation, and it is, therefore, not necessary to have it included in this year's bill. When we find 20 INDIAN APPKOPKIATION BILL. that the enactment of bone-dry prohibition legislation will enable tis to 7-educe this appropriation we will be g^ad to advise the com- mittee, but, at the same time, we want to do everything we possibly can to keep liquor away from the Indians throughout the United States. Mr. Hatden. I notice in the analysis of expenditures that for the salaries of regular employees you expend $25,000 while the irregular employees are paid $46,000 out of this appropriation. Mr. Meritt. We employ 17 special supervisors permanently, and then we have what are known as irregular employees, who are em- ployed a part of the time whenevei- their services are needed. For example, when we find that liquor is being sold to Indians in a cer- tain locality the chief of the liquor-suppression officers employs a , man to go in there when no regular officer is available to do the work and attempt to suppress the liquor traffic and arrest the bootleggers, Mr. Hatden. For instance, among these irregular employees there may be sheriffs and chiefs of police who may assist in this work ? • Mr. Meeitt. Yes, sir. Mr. Chuech. I would like to inquire whether you have a record showing the number of prosecutions for violations of the liquor laws from year to year, so as to show whether they are increasing or decreasing? Mr. MERITT^ The prosecutions ai-e increasing. A table in the report of the Commission of Indian Affairs shows in detail the work that is being done. This report reads as follows: INDIAN APPROPRIATION BILL. 21 eo eo « ■* So CD Tf* «0 U3 fH OS i-< ■* lO NNCOMeOCO B a> c4 1« 00 c^^ o •fl'CStDINOO ■*« r- r^ lo r-( oc '— 1 1-" »0 Oi >o ^< •-( M t^ SS5" i^ osm-v t»- vooeo-^oo^e 4-; ro ^H oo 00 r» ^H t^ ^ U3 »H Tj( Tjl U3 tH '^S" to t^ CO r* ^ r^ lo lonwtor^ (oo 3 S' ^OOONM O).-* in M -^ Pi 1-1 (H I 33 C ^1 ecM«giOi lO o CO M CO to ^H CO M 3 ^iS ^2 S :S te " 3*000 mof- o OiOOOO >oooo sss OOOOCl COlO cs •* r-i-ic»N woo 0> Ci >-< 00 lO O: :D r-osiooiio S c S 2=! oeo^-i«DPOoi>' ec Co'oTcO'fh'i-h'^ «OOiQO'Tl<« SSi'S .• g8ggo &<" ft S < 00 cor- 3) - a.S xor-osTjit— 1/500 iQ -SI !*5 T)i 1-1 OJ N (OtDI>«a'eON00t^ lO^MOOiOOcDO) OJOiCqoO "OO ^H :ss OOOOOOOO (OCO ■^ r— O t^ W3 N --I t-D-OOOOCOCO t-i-(00O«0 00^;a CO^Di— T'-OM't^- Oi OS >-< "O ^ to «o (O ui oi CD a ■^ oi eo i-H tc CO o 00 w MCfl-TrH-l-T W M CO -O ■ -WM COf-iiOi-< -^CQM , CQ OCQ lO^'OCOOOOOOO SNcDO^Olt^tOMNT-HOOOSCOOOfflOsOCOiHOpOiHOMCO W ^ 1— ( 00 T-* CO en. .iMf-" O^ O) O^ O^ O^ ^ O^ O) 3|i 3^6 o . ^ r ^ c-1 ' crided. That not to exceed $90,000 of said amount niav I'c expended in the consti-uction and equipment of new hos- pitals at a unit cusl of not f-xceeding $15,000: Provided further, That this ap- propriarion may be used also for general medical and surgical treatment of Indians, including the maintenance and operation of general hospitals, where no .itber fuii'ls are appli'-able or available for that purpose: And provided fvrther. That out of th° a])proprlation of $400,000 herein authorized, there shall be available for the maintenance of the sanatoria and hospitals hereinafter named, and for incidental and all other expenses for tlieir proper conduct and management, exclusive of repairs and improvements, which are authorized from the appropriation of i?-100,000 herein provided, not to exceed the following amounts: Blackfeet hospital, Montana, $10,000; Carson hospital, 'Nevada,' .•jilO.OUO; Cheyenne and A^ajiahoe hospital, Oklahoma, $10,000; Choctaw and Chickasaw hospital, Oldahoma. $35,000, Fort Lapwai sanitorium, Idaho, $40,000 ; Lagnna sanatorium. New Mexico, $17,000 ; Mescalero hosjjital. New Mexico, $10,000; Navajo sanatorium, New Mexico, $10,000; Pima hospital, Ari- zona, $10,000; I'hoeidx sanatorium, Arizona, $40,000; Spokane hospital, Wash- ington, $10,000: Sac and Kox sanatorium, Iowa, $25,000; Turtle Blountain hospital. North Dakota, $10,000; Winnebago hospital, Nebi-aska, $15,000; Crow Creek hospital. South I>akota, $10,000; Hoopa Valley hospital, California, .$10,000; Jicarilla buspital, New Mexico, $10,000; Tiuxton Canyon camp hospi- tal, Arizona, $8,000; Indian Oasis hospital, Arizona, 10,000. I notice that you have an increase of $50,000. Mr. Meritt. Mr. Chairman, we offer for the I'ecord the following justification for tlie entire item: Relii'viiii) distress itiid prereiiiion, etc.. of disease innony liididn-s. Fiscal year ending .Tune 30, 1918. amount appropriated $850,000.00 F'i.scal year eniled .June .30, 1917: Auio\int appropriated . ^ 345, 000. 00 Amount expended 309.097.26 Unexpended balance 35, 902. 74 Analysis of expenditures: Regular employees 101, 699. 39 Irregular employees 9, 360. 37 (J(mstniction of buildings 17,772.92 Kepairs and rent of buildings 16,200.55 Traveling expenses 19, 980. 50 Transportation of supplies 3,871.69 Siatii.i'.ery. priiiling. and schoolroom supi)lies 1,543.85 IVlegraphing and telephoning 1,240.01 Heat, light, and power, including fuel 12,448.74 Di'y goods, subsistence, .i'orage, medical supplies 85,069,92 Medical service 4,883.00 Equipment 21^ 938! 54 .Li\e stoclv 3,190.80 Hospital expeii.se 3, 589. 22 Miscellaneous 6,307.76 309, 097. 26 This appro|(riation may logically be divi.s)]itals, at $1,800 1,800 I special physician, at ."fl.SOO 1,800 ••"i special physicians, at .$1,600 8,000 7 dentists, at .$1..-.oii ' 10,500 I nur.se. at .$1,000 1,000 -1 .general mechanii-, at $1,200 1^200 1 iissisiiiiit iiliysician, at $720 ' 720 32,220 Blackfeet hospital : 1 physician, at $1,400' 1400 1 assistant, at $420^ '40O 1 nurse, at .$660' ■ 660 1 cook, at $540' ' 54O 1 laborer, at $420 ' __ __ ~ " 400 1 laborer, at60a^__: ""__ " q^q 4,040 Carson hospital : 1 physician, at ^$1,400' 1 Ann 1 nurse, at $620'' I '___ '^"X 1 cook, at $500' ~__ ^nn 1 laborer, at $600' ^no 1 assistant, at $480' I____:I_ 490 1 assistant, at $240 ' " 94^ 1 a.ss5istant, at $240' '___ ~~ ^ 1 assistant, at .$240' 240 4,820 Cheyenne and Arapaho hospital: 1 nurse, at $620" 1 cook, at .$480' 620 1 .ianitor, at .$540~* ~ ~ ' t^l 540 1,640 dist?e°t^'" '"""'''^ *° ''°'^''^' ^""fl- one-half"t^ .general appropriation for relief of a i}]?^^'^ subsistence when actually on duty ,|§2o P-'XaWe from "Indian school, Carson City Nev iqiS" 0,;,*'*%?,?'.'? ''"'" ^'^'^ '-1' '-'-™ "-om ""'ili^^o^l-oFhty.nne. and Arapahoe.. INDIAN APPBOPKIATION BILL. 25 Choetaw-Chlckasaw hospital : 1 superiutendent and physician, at $1,800' _' $1,800 1 financial clerk, at $600' 600 1 engineer, at $840' 840 1 nurse, at $720' T2(» 1 hospital matron, at $720' T ■ 720 1 laborer, at $480 ' 480 1 laborer, at $480' 480 1 cook, at $600' 600 1 assistant, at $300' 300 1 assistant, at ,$300' 300 1 laundress, at $500' :. 500 7,340 Crow Creek hospital (S. Dak.) : 1 nurse, at $780 780 1 laborer, at $540 540 1 nook, at $480 480 1,800 Fort Lapwai sanatorium : 1 physician, at .$1,300 ^ 1,300 1 clerk, at $1,200 1, 200 1 housekeeper, at $600 600 1 housekeeper, at $600 600 1 nurse, at sfSlO 840 1 nurse, at $720 720 1 nurse, at $720 720 1 steamstress, at $600 600 1 laundress, at $600 600 1 assistant laundress, at $500 500 1 assistant, at .$3(i0 ^ 300 1 assistant, at $.300 300 1 assistant, at $300 300 1 cook, at $600 600 1 assistant cool;:, at $500 500 1 farmer, at .$1,000 1.000 1 carpenter, at $840 840 1 engineer, at $840 840 1 dairyman, at $660 660 1 laborer, at $720 "i-O 1 laborer, at $600 ow 1 laborer, at .$600 "O" 14, 940 Hoopa Valley hospital (Cal.) : 1 nurse, at $620' «^^ 1 laundress, at $380' °,°^ ... 1 liiborer, at $620' ^^X 1 cook, at .$.TO0' °"" 2,120 Jicarilla hospital (N. Mex.) : 1 nurse, at $720 '^X 1 cook, at $500 °"" 1 assistant, at $300 -^"^ 1 laundre.ss, at $500 °^'i 1 laborer, at $600 ^"" 2, 620 > Allowed subsletence when on duty. 26 INDIAN APFROPKIATION BILL. LMguna sanatorium (N. Mex.) : _ _ $1,400 1 physician, at $1,400^ " 620 1 nurse, at $620' '_ 620 1 nurse, at $620' IIIZII _1 600 1 seamstress, at $600 600 1 cook, at $600 '^ 360 1 laundress, at $360 600 1 laborer, at $600 4, 800 Mescalero hospital (N. Mex.) : g20 1 nurse, at $620' '_ ^qq 1 housekeeper, at $600 "^ g^p 1 cook, at $300 ~ gQO 1 laborer, at $600 — ^ ^^ 1 assistant, at $300' " ~ oaa ' 1 assistant, at $300' "^ 2,920 Navajo sanatorium (Ariz.) : ^^^ 1 nurse, at $720 „J^„ 1 cook, at $600- ^ 1 laborer, at $540. 1 assistant, at .$480_ 480 2,340 Pima hospital (Ariz.) : 1 nurse, at $620' ?^X 1 cook, at $500'— °"" 1 laborer, at $540 ^4U 1 laundress, at $440' ?^" 1 dairyman, at $900' ^^'^ 3,000 Phoenix sanatorium (Ariz.) : 1 physician, at $1,600 1. wO 1 nurse, at $780 i°0 1 nurse, at $720 '20 1 nurse, at $720 \^ 1 assistant nurse, at $300 ^00 1 assistant nur.'se, at $300 ^W 1 assistant nurse, at $300 300 \ camp matron, at $720 ^ ™^ 1 assistant camp matron, at $300 300 ] seamstress, at $600 600 1 cook, at $600 600 1 cook, at $600 600 1 assistant cook, at $300 ' 300 1 assistant cook, at $300 300 1 laundress, at $600 600 1 general mechanic, at $840 840 1 laborer, at $720 720 1 laborer, at $600 600 1 assistant, at $300 300 1 assistant, at $300 300 1 irardener, at $720" 720 12, 220 1 One-half from " Support of Indiana in Arizona and New Mexico, 1918," " Allowed subsistence when on duty. ' One-halt from " Indian schools, support, 1918." * One-half from " Indian school. Phoenix, Ariz., 1918." INDIAN APPROPKIATION BILL. 27 Sac and Fox sanatorium (Iowa) : 1 superintendent and physician, at $2,000 $2,000 1 financial clerk, at $1,000 1,000 1 assistant clerk, at $600 1 600 1 engineer, at $900 900 1 nurse, at $840 . 840 1 nurse, at $720 720 1 housekeeper, at $500 500 1 housekeeper, at $500 500 1 seamstress, at $540 540 1 cook, at $600 600 1 assistant cook, at $300 .300 1 laundress, at ,$500 .500 1 laborer, at .$600 600 1 general mechanic, at $720 720 1 assistant, at $300 ^ 300 1 laborer, at $600 600 11,220 Spokane hospital (Wash.) : 1 physician, at $1,300' - $1,300 1 nurse, at .$660" litiO 1 nurse, at $620' HiiO 1 cook, at $500 500 1 laundress, at $300' 300 1 laundress, at $300' 300 1 seamstress, at $300' 300 1 laborer, at $500' 500 1 laborer, at .$.500' 500 4,980 Truxton Canon Gamp hospital (Ariz.) : 1 camp matron, at $600 600 Turtle Mountain hospital (N. Dak.) : 1 physician, at $1.400'' 1.400 1 nurse, at $620' 620 1 cook, at $300' ^— 300 1 laborer, at $300' ^00 1 a.si?istant, at $240' ■"_____ 2,860 Winnebago hospital (Nebr.) : 1 physician, at $1,600= !• °0" 1 physician (interne), at $720 ^^" t nurse, at $720 '^" 1 matron, at .?600 — 2^" 1 cook, at -$540 ^*" 1 assistant cook, at $480 •; Z^ 1 laundress, at $540 — '^7" 1 laborer, at .$600 °''V 1 laborer, at $420 ^^ 1 assistant, at $540 . — ^oa 1 assistant, at $480 . ^°" 7,240 ^ »lff°?r%^''"ltfpporrof°8hfp"p\''W^^ Turtle Mountain Band N, DaU., 1918." « One-half payable from " General expenses, Indian Service, 1918. 28 INDIAN APPKOPEIATION BILL. SIISCBLI.ANEOUS. "Where other funds uot Jivailable." Reservation : Blackfeet— „., „^ Physician -U, 200 Do 1-200 Do r- 600 Coeur d'Aleue, physician 600 Fort Lapwai, physician 1,200 Goshute, physician 300 Lac du Flambeau, physician -. 600 Leech Ijake — Nurse 720 CdOlj 500 New York, physician 600 Spolcane, physician 1,200 ■ Tongue River, nurse and field matron 360 Tule River, physician 469 Yankton, field nurse 720 Fort Yuma, nurse 360 Gi-eenville, physician ,320 Pipstone, physiciiin , 400 11, 849 Grand total, salaries 134,569 The increase asked for is made necessary by reason of a general increase in the cost of supplies and labor and, also, on account of the larger number of Indians making use of the Indian hospitals of the country. The Chairman. In your estimate for 1918 you also asked for $400,000. Mr. Meeitt. Yes, sir. The Chairman. And Congress gave you $350,000? Mr. Meritt. Yes, sir. The Chairman. Have you been able to conduct this department of the bureau with that amount of money efficiently ? Mr. Meritt. Not as efficiently as we could have done if we had had $400,000. "We have been somewhat handicapped on some reserva- tions because of the lack of funds, and we are asking for an increased allowance at some of the hospitals. For instance, we are asking for an increase for one hospital in Oklahoma. "We are asking an increase there from $20,000 to $35,000. That hospital was constructed and completed only recently, and we find that tlie Indians of that State are making good use of the hospital, and we will need a larger sum to keep it filled to its capacity during the entire year. The Chairman. It was constructed and completed and in opera- tion before the beginning of the present fiscal year, was it not? Mr. Meritt. I do not believe it was completed and filled to its capacity at the beginning of the last fiscal year. TJ^® Chairman. It was completed before July 1 and in operation? Mr Meritt. Yes, sir; but is was not filled 'to its capacity. "We find that we can not conduct the hospital filled to its capacity with that allowance of only $20,000. «rZn%^"^™^w • Tt!"^ amount estimated is pretty nearly double the amount carried for the current fiscal year. Do you require that much for the operation of that hospital ? j i ^ INDIAN APPKOPEIATION BILL. 29 Mr. Mekitt. We feel that we will need that much in order to keep the hospital filled to its capacity. There are so many Indians sick with tuberculosis in that State that we ought to provide every facility we possibly can for them. The Chairman. I notice that you have increases all along the line. You ask an increase for the Hoopa Valley hospital, for the Jicarilla hospital, and for the Indian Oasis hospital. Mr. Meeitt. We are asking for an increase for the Crow Creek hospital from $8,000 to $10,000; for the Hoopa Valley hospital from $8,000 to $10,000; for the Jicarilla hospital from $8,000 to $10,000, and for the Indian Oasis hospital from $8,000 to $10,000. We are asking for increases of $2,000 for these hospitals. You have pro- vided only $8,000 for each of those hospitals, and we find that we need $10,000, because they are practically of the same size as these other hospitals for which $10,000 has heretofore been allowed. Mr. Dill. Was the Spokane hospital open and running last year? Mr. Meeitt. Yes, sir. Mr. Dell. Do you know how many patients they care for there ? Mr. Meeitt. There is an average of 18 patients a montli. During the first six months of the present year 112 patients were treated for various diseases, some receiving medical treatment and others receiving surgical treatment. Mr. Dill. They have only one doctor down there. Mr. Meeitt. Yes, sir. Mr. Dill. I was informed that there was only one doctor- there. I do not know what is the number of patients, but I was wondering whether the $10,000 appropriated last year had been expended. Mr. Snydee. Are all of these tuberculosis hospitals ? Mr. Meeitt. They are mostly general hospitals which we use for general hospital purposes. Mr. Snydee. Are there any distinct tuberculosis hospitals? Mr. Meeitt. Yes, sir ; the hospital at Pheonix. Ariz., is distinctively a tuberculosis hospital ; also the one known as the Sac and Fox Sani- torium, in Iowa, and also the one at Fort Lapwai, Idaho. Mr. Dill. I notice here that they used $9,800 at the Spokane hos- pital, and I was wondering if they could use more than that during the coming year. Mr. Meeitt. That' hospital has only been recently completed, and we are only getting ready to use the hospital to its full capacity. We will try to conduct the hospital on the amount requested. The Chaibman. That hospital is really old Fort Spokane, is it not? Mr. Meeitt. Yes, sir ; but there was an appropriation fi uthorizing its remodeling and use for hospital purposes. The Chaiemak. Wfien did you get that appropriation? Mr. Meeitt. Congress authorized $10,000 in the act of August 1, 1914 (38 Stat. L., 584), for the purpose of equipping and maintaining the Fort Spokane buildings for hospital purposes. Mr. Hatden. I notice some, change in the language in line 20. You strike out the words, " including pay of employees," and also the word "equipment." in the same line. Where would you get the money with which to pay these employees and the money to provide equipment if not from this fund ? Mr. Meeitt. We will pay the employees. That does not say, " ex- clusive of employees," but it says, " exclusive of repairs." 30 INDIAN APPROPKIAriON BILL. Mr. Hatden. Biit you strike out the words, "including pay of employees." Have not the employees in the hospitals been paid out of this fund ? air. Meeitt. Not necessarily. That is suggested m order to re- move all uncertainty. A number of these hospital employees are paid out of agency support funds, and this change is suggested so as to avoid the contingency of having our accounts denied by the audi- tor or comptroller. It is for that reason that we are changing that language. Mr. Hayden. You have never paid these employees out of this $350,000 fund heretofore? Mr. Meeitt. Yes, sir, some of them; but we have also paid some other health employees out of agency funds. ■ The Chaietman. Can you do that under the law ? Mr. Meeitt. We want to have the law changed, so that there cau be no question about it. We can not support all of these hospitals if we have to pay all of the health employees out of this appropria- tion, and heretofore we 'have been mying some employees out of what are known as agency support funds. The Chaieman. Now, if I understand you, in the past you have been paying these hospital employees from this appropriation and also from other agency appropriations? air. Meeitt. Yes, sir; and we want to continue to do that. The Chaiejian. Do you mean by that statement that you some- times use agency employees in the hospital work? Mr. Meeitt. We sometimes use agency support funds for the em- ployment of these people or for the payment of the salaries of hospi- tal employees. The Chaiemax. You have superintendents of the agencies? Mr. Meeitt. Yes, sir. The Chaiuimaiv. And you use them in connection with the hospitals. also? Mr. Meeitt. The superintendent of the agency has general super- vision of tlie hospital. The physician in charge, of course, has imme- diate supervision of the hosptial. The superintendent is responsible for all the conditions on the reservation, but his salarj^ is not paid out of this appropriation. The CiiAiEMAN. What other employees that are paid out of other appropriations are used in connection with the hospitals? Mr. Meeitt. For example, on some reservations where the hospital fund is not sufficient to enable us to carry on the work, we pay the physician or matron or laborers around the hospital out of some other fund, except in the cases of hospitals specifically appropHated for. The Chaikman. If you should strike out this language to which attention has been called by Mr. Hayden, would not that leave you in. this position, that you would not be able to use any of this fund for the pay of employees ? Mr. Meeitt. No, sir ; we could use so much of this fund as would be necessary for the employees, and it would also enable us to usa other funds available for the purpose without having any restric- tions placed upon us by the auditor and comptroller. The Chaieman. Have you analyzed the language closely enough to know that you are right about it ? INDIAN APPBOPEIATION BILL. 31 Mr. Meeitt. Yes, sir. _Mr. Hayden. Tt seems to me that if you strike out the language " including pay of employees," and also the word " equipment," in line 20, vou will have $50,000 more money. You will not have to make repairs out of it and will not have to provide hospital equip- ment out of it, and, therefore, you will ideally have a larger appro- priation than it would appear. Mr. Meeitt. We will not ha\'e to pay for repairs out of this item, but we would use agency support funds for that purposef Mr. Hayden. Why should not the bureau want to keep some ac- count that would enable it to know exactly what the hospitals are costing? Why not have a specific hospital appropriation and pay everybodj' employed in connection with the hospitals out of that appropriation, and if you do construction work in connection with the hospitals or provide equipment for them, why not pay for it out of a specific appropriation provided for the purpose so that we may know exactly what the hospitals are costing; If you equip the hospitals out of some other fund, that does not tell us what the hospi- tals are costing. It seems to me that it would be better to make one appropriation , for that particular service instearl of mixing it up with the agency service. Mr. kSxYDEE. The fact is that when we make an appropriation for the hospital service it really does not amount to much, because if it is not sufficient you draw money from some other fund with which to do the work. Is that the idea ? » Mr. Meeitt. Sometimes we use the agency support fund to pay for certain employees. Mr. Snydee. Is 'there any authority for using one ftind to support another fund that fails ? Mr. Meeitt. Yes, sir; these agency su^^port funds are general in their character. Mr. Snydee. Then, it really does not matter much what we ap- propriate for these hospitals, because if the appropriation is not sufficient you can take money from some other fund and use it in connection with the hospitals? Mr. Meeitt. If other funds are available; but, necessarily, the funds are limited. Mr. Snydee. Are there any other funds available for this purpose if the appropriation for some hospital runs short ? Mr. Meeitt. Yes, sir ; except where there is a specific appropria- tion for a particular hospital. Mr. Snydee. I did not suppose that could be done. The Chaieman. I.do not think it can be done under the law. Mr. Hayden. It seems to me that, for the information of Congress, there should be one appropriation provided for hospitals, and that no money should be expended for hospitals in any particular, whether for salaries, repairs, or equipment, unless it comes out of that fund. Mr. Meeitt. Of course that would be better from a business stand- point, provided we had ample funds to do that work, but we find it very difficult to get appropriations increased in proportion to the increased number of hospitals that are being constructed. During the last few years we have constructed 15 or 20 additional hospitals throughout the Indian country, and the cost of conducting those hos- 32 INDIAN APPKOPBIATION BILL. pitals is very heavy. "We have got to keep the hospitals going and filled to their capacity in order to meet the needs of the Indians. Mr. Hayden. But if you made sufficient justification for the money required under that head you would get it, and, that being true, there is no necessity for taking the money out of some other fund. It would seem as though the bureau could obtain money more easily for some other purposes than for this purpose, and that, therefore, they do not ask for it in the proper place, but ask for it somewhere else in the bill, and then use it for hospital purposes. Mr. Sntdee. The fact is that it would not take any more money if it were appropriated specifically for this purpose, because you only use so much money for this purpose anyhow, and if you had a certain amount of money appropriated for each hospital, or an amount sufficient for each hospital, it would not take any more money in the long run, because you are now using for the hospitals money that is appropriated in other funds. Mr. Tillman. Do you not find this to be the situation : xis in all other departments of the Government, there should be provided a contingent fund to be drawn upon in cases of emergency and where such a contingent fund is provided, if through some oversight or otherwise, the appropriation is not sufficient for the purpose, you have a fund from which to draw and with which to piece out any appropriation that is not large enough? Mr. Meeitt. Yes, sir; we find that very convenient and it is almost absolutely necessary. Mr. Hayoen. Would it be possible for you to furnish the com- mittee a statement showing in some detail the amount of money ex- pended on the hospitals that is taken from other funds besides this appropriation 'i Mr. Meritt. For employees and all other purposes? Mr. Hayden. Yes. For instance, we were asked last year for $400,000 and we gave you $350,000. That amount was not sufficient, so you had to go to some other fund to get money enough to run the hospitals, and I want to know how much was diverted from other funds for that purpose. Mr. Meeitt. Upon conferring with representati\es of the Indian Office I find that it will be very difficult to furnish the informatioB desired, at this time. It would require the services of several clerks to procure this information. I should make clear to the committee that where there is a specific appropriation for the support of a hospital we can not supplement that fund by the use of funds from other appropriations. The following table will show the hospitals and sanatoria in the Indian Service, and will give detailed inf orpa- tion in regard to each. This table shows the hospitals specifically appropriated for, as well as hospitals supported out of general funds. INDIAK APPBOPEIATIGN BILLi 33 S&i^SSk : -.Its I t«>co aScDci to CO n C0 1-4 *-• Q ^ a» 0«0^ Oi-tlGOO roo^ lot—US'^ C4M*a3COU3t»COCOClO DNN r-COOOO p 10000 03 von 0' I f1 Ss.2 :a o +j cqcQuacjoooo C4NO-*CQe5c t-*«OiOU3M« C« » •!> iN S3; »woa.-H3;»Ht^oio CSI t;g ■^g M ;2;2^ CD P<;>i4 P(« o iu §dS otSS oBgoga g o o o ow 80916—17- 34 INDIAN APPROPRIATION BILL. lie 111 to ho fig s s *'^a> o coe« O 'C^ 00 .-( — i 00 O'Ji rH to ^.H .-« 00 31 I OJi-H O e S! 2 "S 6.2 - £ w o 11 -^^ I ■= § I ° i o oo h . .n S'^aS I r-i,-li-li-l N i-ii-H ^rt,_lrt O (» S o •2 £ I S M ;■§ M :j3 XI O O fe i I .a sags 5 ^^^ ■ (S o loEfci •3 M o So" C CJ O H oSoM §1 mm o? .".up S INBIAN APPROPRIATION BILL. 3S 'sa M o r- u3 m r» "-fn ^ -* ■O "«" Cfl 00 00 M o to ^ 00 1-1 o Mc5 ^ (NU3 MM 1 X OJ l> li C N w ...do ..do Brick Brick.:... Framo Brick Stone 1 Framo ...do ...do •. Brick O • O > CD • • • 9 £ -^ S-^ -: \J ! I ! I 1 •! I • m' :2 :^' : : : oogooooo ■C -c 2 "^ '^ "^ "^ ''^ fQ ;»=( '.cq ". ; ; S o o o W-M w %^ I- O R XI 12? J5 O P4 Ol 36 INDIAN APPROPEIAnON BILL. 3 a o O 1 05 S S a M-i S 1 OS ; i l|sV- Sj §" _J.C„. ^ f (M.O -d « s ( ■a 5 gsS 1 cr. 1 1-" .iS ?fi § na t>v ^ •3 — o S fjOQ^ IR ^13, a M §1 a ? i "2^ 1 ^o <1 ! .3 - ~ -3 -* 1 w'rtO ■" +jSco,^ ,tien ospi une 1911 £■«- >, « OOOC w« ^ C3 Q ^ ffi , d III •c i c 1 O ^ Mh M s c*- --« ^ E 3 ^ - , O C3 o C ia S O rr. n t. o cy or ipital ium. ■a ^■^ & __..^ CQ. >: '^ j^ 1 t INDIAN APPROPRIATION BILL. 37 The Chairman. Is there not a provision of law prohibiting the expenditure of money; from a general fund, or from any other fund for a purpose for which there is a specific appropriation provided? Mr. Meeeit. That applies to certain appropriations, but it does not apply to these general civilization funds in which the appropria- tions are so broad that we can use the funds for general purposes on the reservations. The Chair Ji AN. Do you mean tu say that when you have an ap- propriation provided for a specific purpose you can also use funds provided for some other purpose and under some other head for that specific purpose? Mr. SfeRiTT. We ha\ e been doing that in some cases. The Chairman. Is not that a violation of the law ? Mr. Meeitt. Ifo, sir; it is not where the language of the appro- priation is broad enough to enable us to do it. yiv. Snyder. I should think, Mr. Chairman, that that would be all right enough to a certain extent, but it seems to me that to take funds from other appropriations The Chairman (interposing). 1 was not speaking about the ad- visability of it, but T was trying to ascertain whether it could be legally done. Mr. Snyder. If that rule were followed, there would be absolutely no way of telling what money will be necessary for any purpose. Mr. Meritt. That does not apply to all other appropriations, but only to those for civilization purposes. The work of the Indian Service is so different from the work of any other department of the Government that it is necessary that our appropriations be broad in their scope, although I believe that upon a careful inspection you will find that we are very much limited in our Indian bill. There are more special items in the Indian bill than in other general appro- priation bills. Every executive department desires that the appro- priations be made as broad as possible so that the administrative officers can exercise their discretion to meet the unfores?eii conditions as they may arise. Mr. Hatden. Is thei-e any valid biisines.s reason why the hospital service can not be provided for in one appropriation^ If the amount appropriated is sufficient, wliy should that not he a prohibition against taking money from any other appropriation '( Mr. Meritt. No, sir; there is no valid business reason, provided an adequate appropriation is given us, but if you put on the limitation without giving the money needed,, it will very materially handicap us in this important health work. Mr. Hayden. I do not think there is any more important work done, and I am willing to appropriate all the money that is neces- sary to construct and maintain the hospitals for the Indians, but I want to know, when we do make an appropriation, that is all there will be of it. Mr. Hastings. Is the money given in this appropriation for the so-called health work in eastern Oklahoma ? Mr. Meritt. Yes, sir. - Mr. Hastings. Is it the purpose and intention of the department to bbntinue that work in eastern Oklahoma, to a certain extent? ..,; Mr. Meritt. Yes, sir. We want to continue the good work already begun. 38 INDIAN APPROPBIATION BILL. Mr. Hastings. Is the estimate suiScient? , Mr Mebitt. Not unless we secure the increased amount requested. Mr. Hastings. If we appropriate the amount of money requested, a part of this approi)riation will be available for that purposed Mr. Meeitt. Yes, sir. . Mr. Hastings. I think that is a very important work m eastern Oklahoma. Mr. Meeitt. It is very important. i • , Mr Dill. Two years ago there was a provision inserted m the bill, with which I had something to do, requiring the department to furnish a statement of the amount of money spent for various items, and so forth. Has that provision been complied with ? Mr. Meeitt. The amendment required us to submit an estimate * for the different travel funds and for certain purposes. We have included that in the estimate. You will find it is the last item._ Mr. Dill. There were a number of things, estimates of receipts, and so forth, as I recall, that were to begin in December, 1917, and I just wondered if any report had been miirle in accordance witli that provision? Mr. Meeitt. We have made all the reports required of us, and they will be printed in the next day or two. They are probably ;>lready on the Speakers desk. The Chaieman. The next item is: For supiJort of Imlian dtiy and industrial scluwls nut otherwise jirovided for, for other edncational and industrial puiii^iKPs in connection tlierewLth, .$1,700,000: rroridcrl. That not to exceed SW.OiiO of this anftunt may be used for the support and education of deaf and dumb or blihd Indian cliildren: Pro- ridcd further, That not more than .$£03,000 of rlie amount liereiu appropriated ra;iy he expended for the tuition of Indian cliildren enrolled in the public schools: I'nn-idecl fiirlher, That no part of thi;< appropriation, or any other ajiprnjiriation provided for herein, or hereafter, except appropriations made pursuant to treaties, shall be used to educate children of less than one-fourth Indian blood whose parents are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they live and where there are adei]uate free school facilities provided and the facilities of the Indian schools are needed for pupils of mcn-e than one- fourth Indian blood: And proridcd f^irthcr. That no part of this appropriation shall be used for the support of Indian day and industrial schools where specific sppropriation is made. Mr. Meeitt. I offer for the record, Mr. Chairman, the following justification : Indian schools, support. Fiscal year ending .lune 30, 1918: Amount appropriated .$1, 600, 000. 00 ■ Fiscal year ended .Tune 30, 1917: Amount appropriated 1, 5.50, 000. 00 Amount expended 1, 518, 785. 20 Unexpended balance '31, 214.74 Analysis of expenditures : Regular employees 740, 654. 78 Irregular employees 40, 377. 19 Expenses for deaf, dumb, and blind pupils 1,127.92 Traveling expenses \ 17, 443. 76 Transportation of supplies 36, 630. 04 Stationery, printing, and schoolroom supplies 37,970.05 'This ig not a final balance, as there may lie outstanainpr obligations vet to be charged against the appropriation. INDIAN APPROPRIATION BILL. 39 Analysis of expenditures — Continued. Telegraphing and telephoning «1 Heat, light, and power, including fuel 9o' Pry goods, subsistence, forage, medical supplies. " I_~ .11 398* Equipment go' Live stock ~ 3 Tuition in public schools 53' Medical nnd hospital services I_III I l' Seed, ~ ~ 4' Miscellaneous ~~ " g' 783. 19 258. 89 241. 34 575. 15 643. 94 516. 12 132. 25 070. 02 460. 02 1, 518, 785. 26 The amount requested, $1,700,000, is $100,000 more than the amount in the 1918 act. The fund is required for support and education of -Indian chil- dren in all schools for which no specific appropriation is made or use of tribal funds authorized, including day schools and public schools where tuition is paid. Forty thousand dollars of this amount is requested for payment of expenses in connection with the education of deaf or blind Indian children. Defective children who are unfitted for attendance at schools for normal chil- dren are being placed in institutions suited to their needs as rapidly fis accom- moflations can be found for them. From reports for the school year 1917 it is found that there are, in all, 89,501 Indian children of school age, of whom 5,126 are ineligible for school attendance, leaving 84,375 to be provided for in Government, public, or private schools. The following enrollment is shown : In Govei-ument boarding schools, 10,002 ; in nonreservation boarding schools, 11,298; in Government day schools, 6,5.")8; making a total of 28,758 enrolled in Government schools. There are also enrolled in private and mission schools 5.837, and in public schools 29,173, so far as information has been received. This makes a total of 63,7G8 Indian children in all schools of whatsoever character. It should be noted that the foregoing data is not confined to schools supported from this fund, but refers to Indian children in all classes of schools. Chauffes in capacity, 19J6-n. SCHOOLS USING "INDIAN SCHOOLS, SUPPORT," FUNDS. School. Increase in capacity. Decrease in capacity. Note. Leupp (Navajo) . . 95 100 100 118 60 30 30 30 16 This increase was shown in 1917 report. Navajo: Navajo boarding school Work now in progress. Western Navajo . - Established during 1917; Pima: Quajote SanXatler: Santa Rosa Pueblo Bonito: Pinedale day school Heestablished during 1917: . Round Valley: Potter Valley day school AboUshed during 1917: Round Valley: Manchester day school IS 40 32 25 40 75 30 20 25 Kickapoo: Great Nemaha day Bay Mills day school . ■ San Juan' Aneth boarding school. . Formerly rented by Government. • 'Klamath' Yainax day .school. . .. Colpille' No 7 dav school 413 305 40 INDIAN APPROPEIATION BILL. Chnnyes in cupiivlln. lOJO-IT — (Jontiiniocl. SCHOOLS USING FUNDS OTHEE THAN "INDLVN SCHOOLS, SUl'VORT." School. lieeoh Lake boarding school Hayward Established during 1917: Rosebud: Wood day school Beestablished during 1917: White Earth: Beaulieu day school. AbolLshed during 1917: Collins Institute Increase in cupacity. Leech Lake: Sugar Point day school. Decrease in capacity. 509 381 Tribal boarding school, Chickasaw Natio Okla., burned; will not be rebuilt. Special emphasis has beeu laid during the year 1917 on the enrollment c Indian children in public schools, and this will be continued during 1918 an 1919. In many cases the children so enrolled were previously in attendance a Government schools, and their transfer to public schools permits the capacit thus released to be used by children who have heretofore been deprived of edi cation throu.gh lack of room or who are just becoming aware of the advantag of an education. Tliis policy of increased enrollment of Indian children in the public school of the States is believed sound, and the Indian Office attaches great importanc to this endeavor and to the need of ample means with which to accomplish thi work. The fuinl will be used to secure attendance in public schools where th States do not recognize the right of the Indian to attend or the State authoi ities do not feel it incumbent on them to take active measures to secure sucl jittendance, where compulsory attendance laws applicable to Indians do no exist, or, especially, where districts contain nontaxable Indian lands and th Indians do not contribute to the support of the district schools. Two hundre thousand dollars is requested for the purpose. Referring to the provisions requiring one-fourth degree of Indian blood fo enrollment ii. the Governrnfrit schools, this has been in effect since the fisca year 1912. The Chairman. 1 notice, Mr. Meritt, that in this item you ask fo an increase of $100,000 over last j'^ear '^ Mr. Merixt. Yes, sir. That is because of the general increase ii the cost of food, clothing, labor, and e\'erything that pertains to liv ing expenses. We support a great many schools out of this appro priation, about 75 i-eseivation lioarding schools and over 200 da; schools, and in_ order to carry on this educutional work on the sam' scale as heretofore Nve should have an increased appropriation. The Chair^ian. Prior to this fiscal year you had an appropriatioi of $1,550,000. Last year you asked for the same amount that you asl for this year, and we increased the amount $50,000, making the ap propriation $1,600,000. Mr. Meritt. Yes, sir. The Chairman. How are yoii getting along with the present ap propriation ? Mr. Meritt-. We have been very much embarrassed because of i lack of funds, and it has been necessary to close certain schools befori the e^nd of the school year because of a lack of funds to carry on thi work. The Chairman. I notice that for the fiscal year 1917 you stil have on hand an unexpended balance of $31,214.74. INDIAN APPBOPHIAmON BILL. 41 m\ Mkkitt. There is a footnote, as you will notice, Mr. Carter, which says that this is not final, and that there are accounts yet to be fcharged against this appropriation. There are certain outstanding contracts that will probably use up the entire balance. ^ The Chairjian. You do not know positively that it will consume the entire balance? Mr.MEMTT No, sir; but that is running rather close on an ap- propriation of that amount— $1,600,000. The CHAiEivt.vN. It is now about five months since that was pre- pared ? Mr. Meui'it. Yes, sir. The CiiAiRjLAx. Do you not think that most of the obligations- would have been pressed on you and that you would have discharged them in five months' time ? Mr. Mekiit. Xo, sir ; sometimes it is six or nine months before all of the obligations iire closed out. Mr. Hayden. I notice that you have inserted the words "or here- after." Is that with the idea of making it a permanent law, so that it will not be necessary every year? Mr. Mebitt. That is the idea ; we want to avoid the necessity of submitting it each year. We have been carrying that item for a number of years. Mr. Dell. Is the number of children in the Indian schools in- creasing ? Mr. SIeriit. Yes, sir ; all the time. Mr. Dill. I notice that you mentioned 25,000. How did that num- ber compare with the year before 'f Mr. Meeitt. We are using as much pressure as we can in getting the Indian children in public schools wherever available. In fact. I am a very strong believer in placing the Indian child in the public schools, for the reason that it brings the Indian child in asso- ciation with the white child, and the Indian child takes home at faight the things which he learns during the day, and the influence of his associations to the Indian parents. It is now the policj' of the office to put Indian children in public schools wherever they are available, and the commissioner has emphasized that in his annual report. The Chairman. The ijext item is : For construction, lease, piux-hase, repair, yiid iiuprovemeiit of school and agenc.v hnildings, including the purchase of necessary lands and the installa- tion, repair, and improvement of heating, lighting, power, and sewerage and water systems in connection therewith, $400,000 : Provided, That this appro- priation shall be available for the payment of salaries and expenses of persons employed in the supervision of construction work in the Indian Service: Pro- vided further, That the Secretary of the Interior is hereafter authorized to allow employees In the Indian Service who are furnished quarters necessary heat and light for such quarters without charge, such heat and light to be paid for out of the fund chargeable with the cost of heating and lighting other buildings i\t-the same place: Ami provided further. That the amount so ex- pended for agency purposes shall not hereafter be Included in the maximum amounts for compensation of employees prescribed by section one, :ict of August twenty-fourth, nineteen hundred and twelve. Mr. Meritt. I offer, Mr. Chairman, for the record, the following justification : 42 INDIAN APPBOPRIATIOK BILL. Indian school and agency buildings. Fiscal year ending June 30, 1918: Amount appropriated $400, OOP. ( Fiscal year ended June 30, 1917 : Amount appropriated 400, 000. ( Amount expended 347, 204. E Unexpended balance ^ 52, 795. 4 Analysis of expenditures : Hegular employees 14, 441. 5 Irregular employees 2, 446. i Construction of buildings 134,272.2 Repairs and rent of buildings 189, 126. S Traveling expenses 5, 934. 1 TranspLrtation of supplies ' 210. 2 Stationery, printing, and schoolroom supplies 68. 8 Telegraphing and telephoning 32. 4 Miscellaneous 071. 7 347, 204. 5 For construction, lease, purchase, repair, and improvement of school an agency buildings, including the purchase of necessary land and the iustallatioi repair, and improvement of heating, lighting, power, and scnverage and wate systems $400,000 is requested. This is the appropriation which provides for all upkeep and repair of building at the great majority of jurisdictions and for new construction at those places. The value of the present buildings is approximately $7,500,000, and th requests of the superintendents for repair, upkeep, and improvement of thes plants and for additions thereto during 1918 amount to over $1,050,000. Th amount requested, $400,000, is therefore 5 J, per cent of the value of the preser plants. Although no extensive new construction work is contemplated, in vie^ of the unusual conditions at this time, some new buildings will be absolutel necessary to replace those which were burned and to Insure sanitary cond tions, etc., and this will reduce the amount available for repair and upkee] There was a^ipropriated for this purpose: In 1913 $480, 000 In 1914 400,000 In 1915 440,000 In 191G_-L $440, OC In 1917 400, OC In 191S 400, OC With the constant advance in cost of all building materials and in labor rate there is a corresponding increase in the demands upon this fund. Buildings in the Indian School Service receive unusually hard usage, partii ularly those in use for school purposes, and, as many of them are frame strui tures, some being quite old, they require constant repairs to keep them t for use and to prevent deterioration. Some of the plants have never been con pleted, and new buildings to enable the use of the full capacity of other depar meuts are required, as well as improvements in heating and lighting and i water and sewer systems. We are not asking for an increased appropriation, gentleman c the committee, but for the same amount that was appropriated las year. We are striking out the permanent legislation contained in thi paragraph and are also asking for authority to pay the travelin officers connected with this work out of this appropriation. The lai guage carried in the bills heretofore has not been clear on that poin and we should like, as a business proposition, as suggested by M: Hay den a few moment ago, to carry the work under one appropris tion. 1 This Is not a final balance, as there may be outstanding obligations yet to be chargi against the appropriation. INDIAN APPROPEJATION- BILL. 43 Mr. Hayden. You have been paying the salaries and expenses of the persons employed in this work out of this fund heretofore?, Mr._ Meeitt. We have been paying some of them out of this ap- propriation and some out of other appropriations which were avail- able. We should like to have authority to pay them all out of this appropriation. There might be some cjuestion about our authority to do that, and we want specific authority from Congress in order to •carry on this work. ! Mr. Hayden. This says: That this appropriation shall he available for the payment of salaries and expenses of persons employed in tlie supervision of con'stnictiOD work in thi' Indian service. The term " construction Mork " would apply to irrigation con- struction or any other kind of construction in the entire service? Mr. Meritt. It was only intended to apply to this particular class of construction. This appropriation would not necessarily apply to irrigation construction work. We could not, under the ruling of the comptroller, use this appropriation for irrigation, inasmuch. as there is o specific appropriation for that purpose. Mr. Hayden. I only wanted to know if this language could not be made a little clearer. " Construction work in connection with school and agency buildings " would make it a-pply specifically to this appropriation? Mr. Meeitt. Yes. sir: that would be satisfactory. The CiiAiEMAx. I noticed that you had an unexpended balance of something over $52,000 ? Mr. jNIebitt'. That does not necessarily mean, Mr. Chairman, that the amount will not be expended during the fiscal year. There may be some outstanding contracts which will take up that balance. The CiTAiKyiAN. While on the subject of the increase, last year you wanted this appropriation increased $75,000. Congress only gave you the same amount as vou had before, $iO0,000. You were able to dojhe work with the $400,000? Mr. MteRiTT. We have not been able, Mr. Chairman, to- put up new buildings, and it is not our intention to use this money for new build- ings, except where absolutely necessary, on account of the high cost of material and labor. (Thereupon the committee adjourned to meet to-morrow, Wednes- day, December 5, 1917, at 10 o'clock a. m.) House of Eepeesen tatives, StJBCOMMITTEE OF THE COMMITTEE ON InDIAN AfFAIES, Wednesday, December 5, 1917. The committee met at 10 o'clock a. m., Hon Charles D. Carter (chairman) presiding. STATEMENT OF ME. EDGAR B. MERITT, ASSISTANT COMMISSIONER OF INDIAN AFFAIRS— Resumed. The Chaieman. The next item is as follows : .For collection and transportation of pupils to and from Indian and public schools, and for placing school pupils, with the consent of their parents, under tlie care and control of white families qualified to give them moral, Industrial, and educational training, $80,000, $5,000 to be immediately available: Provided, 44 INDIAN APPBOPEIATION BILL. That not exceeding $5,000 of this sum may be used for obtaining remunerative employment for Indian youths and, when necessary, for payment of transporta- tion and other expenses to their places of employment : Provided further, That where practicable the transportation and expenses shall be refunded and shall be returned to the appropriation from which paid. The provisions of this sec- tion shall also apply to native Indian pupils of school age under twenty-one years df age brought from Alaska. Mr. Meritt. Mr. Chairman, I offer for the record the following justification : Indian school transportation. Fiscal year ending June 30, 1918 : . Amount appropriated $72,000.00 Fiscal year ended June 30, 1917 : Amount appropriated 72, 000. 00 Amount expended 68,785.49 Unexpended balance 3,214.51 Analysis of expenditures: Traveling expenses 67, 235. 28 Telegraphing and telephoning 397. 77 Miscellaneous 1, 152. 44 Total ^ 68, 785. 49 INDIAN SCHOOL TBANSPORTATION. Number of children t'nrolleil in nonreservatroii schools dnriiig the lust four years : Pupils. 1914 10, 857 1915 10,791 1916 10,612 1917 11. 298 Amount requested for 1919 : Transportution of Indian pupils, of which not to exceed $5,000 may be used for obtaining remunerative employment for Indian youths -_ $80, 000 Approximately $5,000 of this appropriation is used for obtaining remunerative employment for Indian youths aud, when necessary, for payment of transpor- tation and other expenses to their place of employment. The remainder of the appropi-latloii is used for payment of transportation of Indians from their homes to Indian schools and for returning them to their homes at the expiratiou of their period of enrollment. A small amount is used at reservation schools for transportation of Indian children to Government day schools and to public schools in cases where cliilrtreri are too i'ar distant to wnlk. The greater part of the appropriation is useil for transportation to and frpm nonreservation boarding schools. Often Indian children travel in parties and adult escorts are necessary, the expenses of the latter being paid from the same appropriation; $8,000 more than was appropriated for the fiscal year 1918 is requested. Annual sums appropriated for several years have proved insufficient to accomplish the necessary work of filling the nonreservation schools with Indian children of proper age and grade. Many schools have been handicapped by reason of Insuf- ficient allotments available for these purposes at the proper time of year and several expedients have been adopted where further moneys were not available for allotment. Pupils have been held beyond the beginning of the ensuing fiscal year when they sliould have been sent to their homes at the close of school; " Indian moneys, proceeds of labor," have been used to pay transportation of the pupils and. where possible, in a considerable mnnber of cases, Indian parents have been calle»° fl^i-ing fli« yeai- 1917, and n/rtinn Sri ^L^^ further increased during the fiscal year 1919. In this con- Aff, ?.^ /^ ;^? P T' *** ^."y ^"^^ " '® tl^e policy oC the Commissioner of Indian ^h lni« T*'"""^ ^I'^i!; ^*.*^^ ^"^"^-^ ^-^'^""l^ not °o^^ 'deemed essential tha ^«n<^n?t .7f, ^ available for Indian education may be devoted to the better =f^„o T }■ 1 ^'^''i'?^^ ^"^''^^ '■®""'^'° i" operation. Discontinuance of an occa- ^f ?,. Kv ° boarding school will be rendered possible through material growth ot the public school systems in some States and the recent increase in enrollment of Indian children in such public schools. The item now presented, however, has not been so framed as materially to increase the amount to be allowed per pupil. It follows closely the old 'law existing prior to the fiscal yenr 1911, but if enacted in the form presented if will be sufficiently elastic to enable the Commissioner of Indian Affairs, Avith the approval of the Secretary of the Interior, to meet unusual conditions or emer- gejicies. The relief proposed for the current fiscal year 1918 is as necessary as reiiet tor the following year, as there have already arisen in certain schools the very conditions which have been mentioned hereinbefore and which will neces- sitate the early closing of such schools and the furloughing of employees, unless adequate relief be afforded by this legislation. Mr. Chairman, in addition to the justification just submitted, I wish to say that this is one of the urgent items of legislation that we should have at this session of Congress if we are to continue our boarding schools. It is absolutely out of the question to keep up these schools on a per capita of $167. Mr. Hatden. It is $200 under the existing law now. Mr. Meritt. It is $200 for the current fiscal year. The old law was ,$167. Mr. Snyder. How many Indian schools have been put out of business by reason of lack of funds to operate them ? Mr. Meritt. We have closed several schools prior to the close of the school year. Mr. Snyder. Do you know where any of them are located ( Mr. Meritt. Yes, sir; they are located mostly in the Northwest — in North Dakota and South Dakota, and also some schools farther West. Mr. Snyder. Was the closing of those schools entirely on account of _lack of funds or because the per capita became so low that they could not be kept up under the law ? Ml'. Meritt. Because of lack of funds, and because in the northern climate it is more expensive to conduct the schools than in the Southwest. Mr. Snyder. When a school is closed for lack of funds, what be- comes of the officers and teachers who have been operating the school ? Mr. Meritt. They are furloughed. Mr. Snyder. Without pay? Mr. Meritt. Yes, sir. The following are the Indian schools closed prior to July 1, 1917, because of financial conditions: Pierre School, South Dakota, June 1, 1917. Pipestone School, Minnesota, May 1, 1917. Rapid Citv School, South Dakota, May 26, 1917. Fort Totten School, North Dakota, April 9 and 22, 1917. . Yiinkton School, South Dakota, April 19, 1917. Cushraan School, Washington, April 15, 1917. Flandreau School, South Dakota, May 4, 1917. Wahpeton School, North Dakota, May 10, 1917. Red Lake School, Minnesota. May 16. 1917. , 48 INDIAN APf>)BOPRIAriON BILL. Oampo School, California, June 1, 1917. Lower Brule Boarding School, South Dakota, May 31, 1917. Crow Boarding School, Montana, May 4, 1917. Prvor Boarding School, Montana, April 1, 1917. Fallon School, Nevada, May 31, 1917 (because of small attendance of four si'r\ ation schools, although there were some reservation schools. The Chaii.'mak. Mr. Meritt. T notice that some of those schools \A ere closed in June. Mr. Meriit. Yes, sir. The CifAirtMAN. You would not consider that that would work any great detriment to the ser\ ice — to have the schools closed in the month of June? Mr. Mkkitt. In nearly all tlicsp nonreservation schools we keep some pupils during the entire vear; pupils who Imve no homes to go to. The CirAiRMAN. Now let nie ask you this (inestion, Mr. Meritt: The ]H'esent law provides that not more than $167 shall be expended l>er capita at any school, does it not? ISIr. Merit'i\ The old law provided $167 per capita, and the law recently enacted provided $200 per capita, but there were certain limitations on that $200 pei- capita which we wish removed. The Chairman; The Indian appropriation act of last year pro- vided $167 — tha-t is the fact alwut the matter — and afterwards we passed a resolnti(m extending that to $200, if I remember correctly. "Sir. Hatuex. The Indian appropriation act of last year left out the old proviso. The Chairman. Exempting them from the limitation. INDIAN APPROPKIATION BILL. 49 Mr. Hatden. So that we reverted to the old law, which was $167. Afterwards, in order to continue the schools, it was necessary to pass 9 resolution raising that limit to what — $200 ? Mr. Meritt. $200. The Chairman. Now, you propose here to raise it permanently to $200, do you not? Mr. Mekitt. Yes, sir. The Chairsian. Now, let me ask you this question, Mr. Mei'itt: If you have a limitation on the per capita expenditure at a school, does not that work two ways ? While it will absolutely restrict the expend- itures to that amount per capita, does it not also work to make other superintendents who might be inclined to be extravagant try to reach that amount who otherwise might perhaps be able to run their schools at a less per capita cost ? ilr. Meritt. We have provided for that very contingency in our estimates in this bill. We have some schools which, if they are eco- nomicalh' administered, can be conducted for less than $200 per capita, because of the fact that they have large school farms and a large attendance. In the estimates submitted this year we have re- quested $185 per capita for all of our nonreservation schools having an enrollment of 500 pupils or over and $200 per capita for the fachools where the enrollment is less than 500 pupils. The Chairman. I am not speaking about the regulations, strictly; I am speaking about the human nature of the proposition. If you have a $200 mark set there, the superintendent, of course, reads the law and knows that ho has this $200 mark which he has a right to reach. Does it not create a tendency among some of the superin- tendents to try to reach the $200 rate of expenditure, rather than to make them economical; that is, some of the superintendents who could run the schools for less than $200? Mr. Meritt. I feel that it will be difficult for our superintendents to conduct the schools having an enrollment of less than 500 on a per capita of $200. The CHAIR3IAN. We understand that; and, of course, if you do not want to say anything that will get you in trouble with your super- intendents I do not want you to; but is it not human nature for a fellow to want $200 if the other fellows are getting that for their institutions ? Mr. Meritt. That is true. The Chairman. Every man is trying to make his school as fine looking as possible and to make the best showing possil)le, and in the very nature of things would not that fellow want to try to reach the $200 mark in expenditures in his school in some way; would not that be the human nature of the- proposition ? Mr. Meritt. If the superintendent has $200 per capita for ex- penditure, naturally he will probably find some means of expending that amount., which will not be difficult to do under present condi- tions. Mr. Church. Mr. Chairman, I would suggest that that same evil would exist were the limit only $167. The Chairman. Yes ; with -any limitation that is true. Mr. Hayden. In your justification you state " that in this connec- tion it is proper to say that it is the policy of the Commissioner of ,30910—17 4 60 INDIAN APPROPRIATION BILL. Indian Affairs to discontinue a few of the Indian schools not now deeined essential so that such moneys as are available for Indian edu- cation may be devoted to the better conduct of the schools which re- main in operation." What schools have been discontinued ? Mr. Meeitt. The following schools were closed permanently dur- ing the fiscal year ending June 30, 1917: INDIAN SCHOOLS CLOSP:!) PEUMANENTI.Y DURING ITSUAf, VEAH ENDING JUNE 30, 1017. Rouml VallP.v, California: Maiieliester Day Sciinol — axerane enrollment, 11. Kickapoo, Kansas: Great Nemaha Day Sohorjl— averase enrollment, 26. Bay :\ails Day School, Michigan — avei-ase enrolliiieut. 33. Leei'h Lake, Minnesota : Sugar Point Day School — average enrollment, 12. Pippstone, Minnesota: Birch Cooley Day School — average enrollment, 19. Nevad.-i : Wadsworth Day School — average enrollment. 36. San Juan, New Mexico: Aneth Boarding School — average enrollment, nothing. Fort Berthold Boarding School, North Dakota — average enrollment, 58. Klamath, Oregon: Tainax Day School — average enrollment, 18. Siletz. Oregon : Upper Farm Day School — average enrollment, 12. . Pine Ridge, South Dakota: No. 3 Day School — average enrollment. 9; No. 8 Day School — average enrollment, 7. Rosebud, South Dakota: Bull Greek Day School — average enrollment, 11; Little 'O'hite River Day School — average enrollment, 8; Lower Cut Meat Day School — average enrollment. 15; Ring Thunder Day School — average enroll- ment, 9. Oolville, Washington: No. 7 Day School — average enrollment. 4. Note. — Average enrollment for 1916. Mr. Haydbn. You have discontinued two boarding schools, which we are glad to see done, but T do not think it good policj' to discon- tinue the little day schools. The American people became educated by establishing a large number of small day schools where it was convenient to the families for the children to go to school and return to their parents at night. I understand that it has always been the policy of this committee to encourage day schools and to discontinue boarding schools wherever possible. Most of your discontinuances are day schools, which means practically no saving, because it costs verj' little to maintain a day school. Boarding schools where you have to provide food and clothing and lodging and heat and light for the pupils are very much more expensive. Mr. Meritt. We are discoutinning these day schools only where there are adequate schools a^•ailable so that the Indian child may attend the public day schools rather than the Indian day schools. Mr. Haypex. Of course that is jiroper. How about the boarding schools ? Is there any opportunity to discontinue any of them ? Mr. Meritt. Since that statement M'as gotten up, and during the present fiscal year, we have discontinued, temporarily at least, the boarding school at Bismarck, S. Dak. Mr. Snyder. Mr. Meritt, the closing of these schools must create quite a considerable saving in the moneys needed for operating all the boarding schools and day schools throughout the country? Mr. Meritt. There is some saving. Mr. Snzder. The saving that is made by the closing of those schools can not be used for operating some of the other schools ; is that the idea? Mr. Meritt. Yes, sir. It all depends on the schools that are closed. If we close a school that is specifically appropriated iot in the Indian appropriation bill, we can not use the money saved by IXDIAX APPROPRIATIOX BII.I.. 51 closing that school for some otlitr school; but if we close a day school, which is pnn-ided for out of the lump-sum appropriation for the support of Indian day and reservation boarding schools, we could Tise that money at some other school not specifically provided for. Mr. SxYDER. Then you can not, in all cases, like you do in operat- mg the Indian hospitals, transfer the funds from one appropriation to another i Mr.MEMTT. No, sir. And on the hospital proposition, I wish to say that where a hospital is specifically provided for, like the hospi- tal item for $10,000, we can not supplement that fund from some other general fund; but where there is no appropriation for a hospi- tal, but simply a general appropriation for medical work, we have authority to supplement that appropriation from other general ap- propriations that are available. Mr. Snyder. But you ha\e not any such general authority in the operation of the schools, is that the idea? ' Mr. Meeitt. No, sir. Our schools are either provided for specifi- cally in the Indian bill or provided for out of a lump-sum appropria- tion for schools, except where we use treaty or trust funds for the support and maintenance of schools. Mr. Chtjrch. It would appear that this $200 permanent appropria- tion per capita, which you have asked for, would not cure the evil complained of, in view of the fact that these 17 schools-yon speak of ha^'e been closed for lack of funds, at least, have been closed during the existence of this resolution which gave you $200 per capita. Mr. Meritt. The item in our estimates, if enacted, will modify the method of computing enrollment, and we will be enabled to carry on the schools to a much better advantage under this proposed legis- lation than under the law as now existing, and I think we will be able to condiict our schools throughout tlie year under this legisla- tion that we are asking. The Chairman. Continuing along the line I have been asking you about, Mr. Meritt, I think it appears from your answers that while the $200 arbitrary limitation would undoubtedly keep some superin- tendents from spending more money than they would without the limitation, it might at the same time induce others. extraAagantlv inclined, to try to reach the $200. In view of those facts do you really think the limitation is a principle of economy ? Mr. Meritt. At least $200 is absolutely necessary in view of jjresent prices, and our superintendents will not, even if they were so in- clined, have an opportunity, under existing conditions, to be ex- travagant by being permitted to use $200 per capita. There is hardly a school in the Indian Service that will have any funds to spare, ex- cept possibly some of the big nonreservation schools, where we are only asking for $185 per capita, and there must necessarily be en- forced the strictest economy, even under this legislation here, to cgny on our schools throughout the Indian Service. The Chairman. In this paragraph you have ;in exception as -fol- lows: I'liless, by reasoii of epideiuic. aiililent. or other suttideut causi', the en- rollment is so reduced or cost of maintenance .«o high that the larger expendi- ture is absolutely necessary. t Now, that really does not limit the school, ariiitrarijy. to $200 per capita. 52 INDIAN APPROPRIATION BILL. Mr. Meeitt. We will not abuse that privilege, and it seems de- sirable, Mr. Chairman, because, under certain circumstances, it may be necessary to materially reduce the attendance at a school because of an epidemic, which is sometimes the case in some of our schools. For instance, we now have an epidemic of measles at certain places and we have an epidemic of smallpox in the Navajo country, which has been going on for a year and which we are now trying very hard to control. The Chairman. You have those epidemics very largely in all of the schools every year, do you not? Mr. Meritt. No, sir ; not every year, and they do not cover a large area of country, but are confined to certain localities. The Chairman. This not only covers epidemics, but accidents or other sufficient causes. That is a broad exception which would ap- ply, I should think, to at least half of your schools. Mr. Meeitt. We will be glad to make a report to Congress of the expenditures that are made under this limitation, if the committee wishes that done, so as to show and assure that there will be no abuse of the authority granted to the department. The Chairman. Eeally, the provision .you have here is not very much of a limitation on the expenditures, because it gives to the superintendent a mark to which he can go under normal conditions and then it provides that under abnormal conditions he can exceed that amount. Mr. Meeitt. We will guard the funds very carefully, and, neces- sarily, there is a limitation on the amount that may be expended, because the appropriations are limited. The Chairman. We would like to ha\ e the report you speak of pretty much in detail, at least I would, and I suppose the balance of the committee would like to go into this thing very thoroughly, be- cause instead of being a limitation it really seems to me it is a pro- vision that might work just the reverse of a limitation, and it might not only cause large expenditures, but it might in\'o]ve your bureau in quite a bit of complication and controversy whenever any kind of an accident, epidemic, or other sufficient cause took place. Mr. Meeitt. The report that I had in mind was a report which might be required under a proviso to be added to this item, that all expenditures oa er $200 at any school shall be reported to Congress and full reasons given for those expenditures. The Chairman. This not only involves an expenditure but it seems to me it would necessitate the employment of more men in your bureau, because it says — When the Commissioner of Indifin Affairs, w ith the Mpproval of tlie Secretary of the Interior, may allow a larger per capita expenditure. That would mean that every time a superintendent wanted to exceed $200— as practically all would and are now running near that mark — it would take up his time in making estimates for that excess expenditure and take up the time of certain people in your bureau, wlu) are now, perhaps, engaged otherwise, in considering the matter when it came to your bureau, and involve the employment of more employees and a larger expenditure in your bureau. Mr. Meeitt. No, sir ; that would not entail the employment of a single additional cleric. INDIAN APPROPRIATION BILL. 53 Mr. Snyder. This increase that you desire, and limit of amount,, IS required, from your standpoint, on account of the increase in the cost of materials for the upkeep of these schools, is it not? Mr.MEKiTT. Yes, sir; there has been an increase in the cost of materials used in the conduct of our schools anywhere from 30 to CO IJer cent. Mr. Snyder. I think we all appreciate that. Now, would this bo feasible? Would it be feasible to add an amount to the $167 per capita that oi|ght to be used for the increased cost of materials neces- sary for the maintenance of the schools, not considering repairs, and so forth ? Mr. Meeitt. That would not be practicable, because of the large amount of bookkeeping and clerical work necessary to carry it on. Mr. Snyder. But I understood you to say that the increase is largely required because of the increased cost of materials, food- stuffs, coal, and so forth ? Mr. Meritt. Clothing and everything else that is used at our Indian schools, and in this connection it should be borne in mind that private schools are requiring anywhere from $300 to $500, and more, per pupil, for tuition and board. Mr. Snyder. Mr. Chairman, I am quite of the belief that if it cost $167 per capita last year and the year before that it would be utterly impossible to give the pupils in the schools the same sort of living tliat they have had at the same expense. Now, I would be willing to concede something in the way of an increase provided it could all be applied for the purpose of giving the schools the same sort of food, clothing, coal, bedding, and so forth, that they have had heretofore. The Chairman. Mr. Snyder, the fact about this is that several years ago there was placed in the Indian appropriation bill a provision which prohibited the expenditure of more than $167 per capita at any school. That provision applied, as I recollect it, to all amounts ap- propriated after that bill was passed. Now, that limitation never went into effect, because the very next year they put a provision in the Indian appropriation bill about as follows : Provided, That the amount appropriated in this bill shall not be subject to this limitation. That was the effect of it. Since that time the same provision has been placed in the Indian appropriation bill every year until last year. Last year the House put the exemption in, but the Senate rejected it, and in conference, over the best judgment of some of us, the Senate provision was accepted, leaving out the exemption from that limita- tion. Later on the proposition came back, to us, and it became neces- sary to raise the exemption of $200 in the resolution which was passed by the committee, by the House, and the Senate. Now, as a matter of fact, since that act was passed limiting the expenditure to $167 very few schools have kept within that limitation, and the justification of the department last year showed that there was only one school, as I recall now, Chilocco, in Oklahoma, which had come within the $167 ; all other schools had cost more than $167, and some as liigh as $250 per capita. So that the law has never been in effect. Is not that correct, Mr. Meritt ? Mr. Meritt. Quite a number of our schools have exceeded the per capita limitation. 51 lADIAX APPKOFKIAnOX BILL. The Chaikmajs-. I Imow; I nm not talking about the practical application of the law, but 1 am talking about the law; the law never did go into effect, making a limitation of $167, because in each bill since that time there has been an exemption as to that law, has there not? Mr. Meeitt. The law was in effect for some time, but the con- ditions became such that the bureau submitted the matter to the Committees of Cotigress, and convinced the Indian Conmiittees of the House and Senate as to the necessity of exempting the officer from the limitation contained in that provision of the law. After that exemption was carried in the bill for a number of years it was left out one year and the old law went into effect, and then we had to come back to Congress to get legislation increasing the amount of the limitation to $200 per capita. The Chairman. You may be correct about that, but my recollec- tion is that the law was never applied, and that in the very next bill after that limitation was passed a provision was carried exempt- ing the appropriations made in the Indian appropriation bill from such limitation. ]Mr. Snyder. In other words, you think the Indian Bureau now has sufficient authority to add to the $167 any amount 'that is needed? The Chairman. They will have under this provision, undoubtedly. Mr. Church. But have they had such authority before, Mr. Chairman? The Chairman. They had before until the current year; in the current year we had an arbitrary limitation of $200, and if I am not mistaken that is the first year we put in an arbitrary limitation. Mr. Meritt may have a different recollection of it, and I would not care to put my recollection against his. Mr. Sntdek. They have a $200 limitation now? The Chahoian. Yes; and which, as I recall, is the first real limi- tation that they have ever had. Mr. Snyder. Then there is not any change? Mr. Meritt. That limitation is so narrow that we cannot conduct our schools under it. The Chairman. The change is this, if you will look at the bill. Mr. Snyder. I know what it is. Mr. IVIeritt. If we can get the legislation we are asking for here we can, with the strictest economy at' our schools, keep them running, probably, during the entire school year, but even with this limitation there will have to be the strictest economy at all of our schools in order to keep the schools going. In order that there may be no abuse of the authority granted in the legislation that we are" asking, and in order to satisfy the committee, the bureau will be perfectly satisfied to submit a report to Congress at the beginning of each ses- sion showing the expenditures at the various schools where we have exceeded the $200 per capita, and showing the reasons why. Mr. H.WDEN. You mi^ht do that in yonr justification next year without the necessity of inserting gtich a pro\iso in the bill? Mr. Meritt. We will be glad to do that. The Chairman. The next item is: For the purpose ol iirfser\iug living nud growius tiuiln-j- ou Indian reserva- tions and iillotnienls, ihhI to educiile Indians in the proper cure of forests; for the employment of suitable persons as matrons to teach Indian women and girls housekeeping and other hoiisehold duties, for necessary traveling expenses of INJ^IAN APPBOPRIAIIOX BILL. 55 aulVp,-s*'fr' fh"f '"'■ f"''"i«hi"K "^■'•'■«-ai-.v «i,u„meuts ami «ui,pHe« auU rontiug n^n «Phn 1 ''■^"''^ •"^<-'^'^s"i'-V ; far il,,- c-oaductiiig of experimonls on mate n t r^;; mftT''-'' t-T"' ''^^''^"'"' '" ^^^^ ">« l>oss3blitie. of soil .nd cli- mate m the cultivation o.t trees. KTuiiis, vesetubles, cotton, iinfl fruits and for ,^1^'nfnrr* "^ P"''"*"'"' ^^"■'""■■^ ='"Kl.litio.i to le agency and school farmers now employed; for ne.essary I raveling expenses of such fhen;"'',,"?^'*'''^'""'" r'"',-''"'" ^'""'-'""« "^— "-.v equipment and suppies for T d!.n« ^Urm«i"^T"^w''! 'livectiny- lanniug and stock raising among Indians i^MXOOOProvulnl. That the foregoing shall not, as to timber, appl? to the JJenoimnee Indian KeserNation in Wisnmsin : J'nwideg further That no money appropriated liereiu shall be exjiended for the emploviiient of any farmer or expert farmer at a salary of or in excess of $oii per mouth, unless he shall first have procured and flleil with the t'onmiissio.ier of India,, Affairs a certifi- cate of a.mpel-ency showing that he is a farmei- of actual experience aud quali- hed to instruct others in the art of i)ractical .mricidture, such (•ertilie em- ployed a.s assistant farmer : An,t i,n.rif these Indians are. of course, engaged in other industrial activities, but by far the greater number f)f them should be farming, and it is the task of the Indian Service farmeis to increase the number of Indians farming and the total cultivated average to the greatest possible extent, as well as to see that proper and remunerative mel;hods are used. This item contains a pi-uviso first inserted tlierriii for the fiscal .\ear 1917, .-is follows : "Thai no mnney appropriated herein sliall In' exiieiuUil on or after .January first, nineteen liundred and seventeen, for the employment of any farmer or pxpei-f farmer at % salary of or in excess el' .fS-'iO jier month, unless lie shall first have procured and tiled with the (\>nniiissiiiner of Indian Affairs a certificate of c(mipetency showing that he is a .farmer of a<-tual ex|jerien<-e and qualified to instruct others ii\ the art of ju-actical agricultui-e, such certifii'.-ite to be cei-tified and issued to him hy the president or dean of llie Stati' .agricultural <-ollege of the State in which his services are (o be rendered, or by the in'esident or dgan - of tlie State agricultural college of an ad.ioining State: J'mridfd. That this jiro- vision shall not apply to persons now employed in the Indian Service as farmer in- expert farmer: Ami iiroriricd fnrthrr. That this shall not ai)ply to Indians eraphpyed or to lie employerl as .-isslstaut farmer," Pursuant thereto letters were wriiten to the pti-'sident or dean of every agri- cultural colle,ge whlcli will likely be called upon to furnish such certificates with the view of eliciting their ideas on the sub.iect, but the concensus of opinion among ttiem is thai it will be extremely difficult to get jieisdus whom they are willing to cei-tify as imsses^ing the desired quiiliflc.-itions in accept positions hi the Indian Service at the small salaries paid, of the 247 farmei-s now in the service 197 receive $900 or less per annum, the hi,ghest salary jiaid lieitig $1,200 (onl.v 27 receiving that amount); while men doing similar work for other branches of the Oovernment receive an iidtial salary of from $1,200 to .$1,400 per annum, with good chances of pr-omotion. The extracts quoted below from the repoi-ls referred to are tyiiical and clearly set forth the ditlic\ilty mentioned, "There is little chance of securing good men who have ;;radnated from the agricultural college and have had experience at the salary von are able to pay." "Although this institution graduated last .Tune more than' KH) yoimg men fn'iin the ilegi'ee. courses in agriculture, and the iiuiulier is iiicr.'a.siiig from year to year, it is not proliable that, at the salaries indicated, a sulTieieut number of sudi graduates would be interested to fill all of the positions." "The ilifflcully will tie to find ciipable men at the salaries named. In this western country the genrr.-il rale of wages and income is sucli that a really efTi- cient. practical tVirmer who is qualified to instruct otliers should not accept a salary of .$600 to $7110 per year. If he is a man of any niaturitv the fact that he is willing to acceyit the compensation is looked tiiion as an unfa\-orable symptom INDIAN APPROPRIATION BILL. 59 The standard wage for a graduate of the college of agriculture is J|>1,000 per year. Graduates seldom accept less than $900 unless they lack practical iiirm experience and wish the position in order to advance their education further." " Inasmuch as the salaries you mention are small, it wll be practically impos- sible toget college graduates of proper quality to ayply for tliese pdsitiuus." " However, the entrance salaries of $600 to $900 a year are very low for men who have spent four years in getting an agricultural education, especially sifter they have had a sufficient iimount of practical experience and qualified for the Instructing of others. The type of men you will need is about the same as the county agents who are being paid in our State Iroiii $1,500 to $2,400 per year." The experience of the Indian Service rtiu'ing tlie past year has verified the above expressions, as there are now 2.") viH-ml farmer positions, wliicli it has been absolutely unable to fill lu siiite of reiieatcd efforts. Itequcsts to tiie num- ber of .iO were miulc upon tlie Civil ScM-vi<-e ("(innnissjon for the ii'rtifii-iilifin of farmer eligihles, of which only 25 wei-e tilled. An aggressive campaign was inaugurated last sjiring on the dilfcieut resei'va- tions with the view of having the Indians iln their part in bringing iihout an increased production of foodstuffs to meet the present war conditions, which resulted in an Increase of 38.6 per cent in the acreuge of land cultlviited by the Indians. However, in orfler to maintain thf high staml.-ird of eiluMeiicy thus established, which should really mark only the beginning of flip lampaign, the work must be systemiitically followed up. To il>i this will require the services of a larger number of competent farmers, ioi- «hich an increased ap- propriation will be necessary. As above stated, this appropriation covi-rs four braucbt's of activity. \i7, : (1) Agriculture and stock, (2) experimentation, (3) field matrons, and (4) forestry. Although the total appropriation wfis raised last year from .'i;t2.5,0D0 to $475,000 (an increase of $50,000). it was ,ilso providwl that "not l<-ss than $75,000 shall be used for the employment of additional field matrons '" ; that is. while the appropriation was increased only $50,000, it was made mamlMtory that $75,000 ($25,000 more than the incn^asel, lie expended for additional field matrons, besides, providing for the field nuitrons in the service at the beginning of the fiscal ^ear. In other words, the office was faced with what amonnted to a reduction of $25,000 in that part of the appropriation available for agri- cultural and live-stock work and other purposes, except field matrons. In order to meet the condition this brought about, the office will rnobably have to abolish a number of positions "hargeable to this appropriation. These positions, while important, will be those which can he spared with the least harm to the service, and the funds thus provided will be used to extend tho.'te positions deemed absolutely necessary to the proper conduct of this ■nork. For the reasons fully set forth above it is believed that the additional amount asked for herein ($25,000) is absolutely essential to the effectiw prosecution of the important work assigned to this particular branch of the service, and especially so in view of war conditions, the world shortage of food, and the consequent necessity of making productive every tillatile acre of Indian land. Fiiniiiis iiikJ xtficl,iii('ii. PAID FROM "INDUSTMAL WORK AND CARE OF TIltfBER (.^GRlCl^LTCIliF. ANI) STOCK), 1918." (1 supervisor of farming, SS.tiOO.] Farmers. :?\iiraher. Total tl,500.. tl,200.. 11,100.. »1,020.. S1,000.. 1960... »900... »840... »800... $780... J720... $860... $600... $540... $300... Number. Total. $28, 800 2,200 16,000 63,000 19,320 13, 260 21,600 660 1 t 6 I mo 1,800 Total. 190 j 167,180 Grand total. *l,5no 6,000 1,020 7.000 960 9,900 1,680 800 3,120 1,440 600 151,600 34,800 2,200 1,020 23,000 960 72,900 21,000 800 16,380 23,040 660 600 .540 1,800 34,020 201,200 60 INDIAN APPEOPKIATION BILL. PAID FROM OTHER FUNDS. Fanners. Stockmen. Agency, Num her. Sal- ary. Total. Num- ber. Sal- ary. Total. Fund. 1 S900 S900 Support of Indians of Blaekfeet Agency, Do 1 1 SI, 200 600 $1,200 600 Mont., 1918. Indian moneys, proceeds ot labor. Da Interest on Blackfeet Reservation 4 per 1 1 840 900 840 900 cent fund. Cheyenne River. . Do 1 1 900 640 900 640 Oklahoma, 1918. Cheyenne River Reservation 3 per cent fund. Do. Do 2 1 1 1 1 2 720 900 720 ■ 800 840 900 1,440 900 721 800 840 1,800 Interest on Cheyeime River Reservation 3 per cent fund. Coeur d'Alene 3 per cent fund. Interest on Coeur d'Aiene 3 per cent fund, Indian moneys, proceeds of labor. Support of Sioux of different trites, em- ployees, 1918. Indian moneys, proceeds of labor. Do Do Crow Crow Creek Flathead 1 900 900 Fort Apache 2 1 2 1 1 1,000 900 600 720 900 2,000 900 1,200 720 900 ■Do Do Do Do. Fort Berthold 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 910 840 720 780 1,100 780 840 780 840 720 900 720 900 900 840 720 780 1,100 1,560 840 ],S60 840 720 1,800 720 900 Do. Support of Indian:-, Fort Hall Reserra- tim, 1918. Support of Baimocks, employees, 1918. Support of Inaians, iort Peck Ageneyr- Mont. Interest on Menominee log fund. Do Fort Peck Keshena Do 'Kiowa Apache, Kiowa, and Comanche fund, support. Do Do Indian moneys, proceeds of labor. Support of \\ ichitas and affiliated bands, Oklahoma. Chippewa in Minnesota fund. Do Leech Lake Do Leupp Support of Indians in Arizona and New Mexico, 191S. Industry among Indians. . .' 1: Do. 1 Support of Sioux of different tribes, em- ployees. _ , Support of Indians in Arizona and New Me-xico. " '; D-> Do 1 1 1 1 900 480 900 1,000 900 480 900 1,000 Do Lower Brule ] 1 2 2 1 900 780 1,200 1,000 720 900 780 2,400 2,000 720 Navajo Osaee Indian moneys, proceeds of labor. '' .Do.... Pawnee Support of Pawnees, employees, Okla- homa, 1918. Indian moneys, proceeds of labor.- Chippewa in Minnesota fund, employees. Support of rocky Boy's Band, etc. Proceeds of Rosebud 1 oservation. Indian moneys, proceeds of labor. Do. Support of Northern Cheyeimes and Arapahoes, Montana. Indiaji moneys, proceeds of labor. Intore-st on Sisselon and Wahpeton fund. Interest on Confederated Band of Utes ■ 4 per cent fund. Do. Indian moneys, proceeds of labor. Do. Standing Rock Reservation 3 per cent fund. Support of Northern Choyonnes and Arapahojs, Montana. Indian moneys, proceeds of labor. Do. Do. Support of Confederated Bands ot Utes, empl oyees. Interest on Confederated Bands of Utes 4 per cent fund. 1 480 480 Rc(lLa'--e 1 1 1 1 000 1,200 900 1,000 900 1,200 900 1,000 Pocky Boy X 1 1 600 1,200 1,000 600 1,200 1,000 San Carlos Do Shoshone. , 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 720 720 720 900 720 810 720 720 720 720 900 720 8 to 720 Do Steseton Southern Ute Do Standing Rock... Do Do 1 1,000 1,000 Tongue River 1 720 720 Do 1 1 1 1,200 nno 1,200 1,200 9on 1,200 Do: Tnixlon Canyon. Uintah and Ouray 1 1 3 7S0 900 900 780 900 2,700 Do INDIAN APPROPRIATION BILL. PAID FROM OTHER FUNDS-Continued. 61 Farmers. Stockmen. " Agency. Niint- ber. Sal- ary. Total. Num- ber. Sal- ary. Total. Fund. Uto Mountain 1 1 $900 900 $900 900 Support of Confederated Bands of Utes, employees. Interest on Ute 5 per cent fund. Interest on Confederated Bands of Utes 4 per cent fund. Indian moneys, proceeds of labor. Support of Indians in Arizona and New Mexico. Indian moneys, proceeds of labor. General expenses, Indian Ssrvicc. Indian moneys, proceeds of labor. Support of Indians in Arizona and Now Mexico. Do Do 1 1 1 1 $900 720 1,000 900 $900 720 1,000 900 Do Western Navajo.. W«*6m Shoshone 1 900 966' Winnebago 1 1 1 720 900 1,000 720 900 1,000 YaHma Zuni , Total 57 48,980 28 24,240 GENERAL SUMMARY. Fund. - V- "Industrial work and care of tim- ber." Other. Total. Position. Tribal. Gratuity. Num- ber. Amount. Num- ber. Amount. Num- ber, Amount. Num- ber. Amount. Chief supervisor 1 190 36 $3,600 167, 180 S4 nm 1 247 64 S3 600 39 23 $34, Of 6 19,540 18 5 $14,900 . 4,700 216,160 58,260 Total '217 204,800 62 53,620 23 19,600 312 278,020 EXPEEIMENTATION . ■'Provided further, That not to exceed $25,000 of the amount herein appro- priated shall be used to conduct experiments on Indian school and agency farms to test the possibilities of soil and climate in the cultivation of trees, cotton, grains, vegetables, and fruits." The money to be expended for experimental work is largely for tlie purpose of continuing operations along this line alfeady in progress and to inaugurate such work at other places where the need therefor becomes apparent. It is, of •course, the general policy of the Indian Service (in line with the best agricul- tural practice of the day) to conduct experimentation *aud demonstration work on the farms of the Indians, so that they may not only -see directly what can be accomplished on their lands but also take an active part In experiments and discoveries along agricultural lines. There Is a certain amount of experimen- tation work being done which, because of the discouraging effect of failure upon the Indians, ought to be prosecuted at some central point under the direction of experts, and when definite and certain results are accomplished the adapta- bility of the various seeds, plants, and trees can then be brought to the atten- tion of the Indians with more hope of success. The largest and most Important statiou for such work in the Indian Service Is at Sacaton, on the Pima Reser- vation, in Arizona, conducted under a cooperative agreement with the Depart- ment of Agriculture. Many useful plants have been developed, and these are beneficial not only to the Indians of the reservation but also to those on other reservations where similar conditions prevail, and to the whites as well. As a result of the experimentation work on this farm, a long-staple Egyptian cotton has been developed which sells for 70 cents per pound, and is now grown exten- 62 INOIAX APPROPKlATIOjSr BILL. sivf-ly bv both Indians -.Hid whites In that section. In addition, tests are beius made with Penivian alfalfa, J[exican .Tnne rorn, Bermuda onions, fruits, nuts (particularly the pecan), trees, and forage plants. \t the San .Tuan Si'hool. in New Mexico, experimentation is being carried on under the direction of practical farmers, and excellent results have been accom- plished Various kinds of alfalfa, fruits, grains, melons, trees, and vegetables are being experimented with, and the Indians are furnished with seeds and cut- tings from the varieties which the experiments show to be best adapted to local conditions. FIELD MATEONS. For the emplovment of suitable persons as lujitrons to teach Indian women and girls housekeeping and other household duties and for furnishing necessar.v equipment and supplies and renting quarters for them where necessai-y. The foUowin,;;- statement shows the number of field matrons now in the serv- ice and paid from this appropriation at the dilferent salaries : Field matrons paid frnu ■ iHiliiaiihil icoik and iiirc of thiihi r. Regular. Number. Addi- tional. Amount. Salary. Total. ReKiUar. Addi- tional. Total. 8900 1 3 2 30 3 4 1 4 2 41 8 10 2 10 1 3900 2,520 1,563 21, 6 JO 3,300 ■ 2,400 S900 J840 1- S84C1 3,260 S780 1,660 $723 11 3 6 2 8 1 7,920 1,980 .■i.eoo 730 2,400 150 29,520 S660 5,280 1601 6,1,03 720 $300 2 600 3,000 150 32 47 79 17,610 32,880 50,4£0 It is the duty of field matrons to visit the Indian women in tlieir Jiomes and to give them counsel, encouragement, and help In tlie general care of tlie house and surroundings, hygiene, and sanitation ; the preparation and serving of food ; the keeping and care of domestic animals, including dairy stock ; the care of children and of the sick; tlie observance of the Sabbath; the organization of societies for building up character and for intellectual and social improvement; and anything else that will promote the civilization of tlie Indians, particularly with respect to tlieir home life and surroundings. The industrial progress of the Indians is largely dependent upon their health. Thousands of dollars are expended each year for promoting the education, civili- zation, and self-support of the Indiahs, and for physicians and hospitals for the treatment of disease among them. But all this vast expenditure will result in little permanent benefit to the Indians If they have not the health and strength necessary to do their part in carrying out this extensive industrial program, and if we do not remedy the Renditions which breed disease on the theory that " pre- vention is better than cure." In this important work the field matron occupies a necessary and vital 'place. Forty-seven new positions of field matron were established during the year from funds appropriated for that purpose, making a total of 79 such matrons now paid from this appropriation. The field-matron fund has been hypothecated for the present year as follows : Name. Salaries and wages Equipment and supplies Traveling expenses and incidentals Reserve Total Regular', i Additional. $15,390.00 1 $43,450.00 2,525.14 10,076.00 2,009.86 30,000.00 5,074.24 4,699.00 21,806.76 75,000.00 Total. $58,840.00 7,599.38 14,744,00 23,816.63 105,000.00 INDIAN Ai>PROPEJATION BILL. 63 Ihe success m Uie liekl-iiuLtrcwi ^y,n^k depemls ver.N lai-gclj upon proper facilities. Tliere must he inlcquMte quarrel's, n fiood team, anrt cerrriin supplies such as spei-ial food for the sick, etc, besides Irnvelins expenses « hid, are necessarily incurred in man.y cases. FOBESTBY. For the purpose of preserving llviiis and grow ing riuiher on Indian reserva- tions and allotments, and U> e;. Last year you asked us for $500,000 and the House decreased it, as I recall, $50,000, making it $450,000; the Senate gave you all you asked. $500,000; then as a compromise, in conference, we agreed to $4(.).000. Now, you have gotten along all right with that $475,000, this year, have you not? Mr. Meritt. We have gotten along the best we could imder the limited appropriation. The Chairmax. You had $50,000 more than you had in the past? Mr. Meriit. We ha\ e gotten along ^•ery well with the appropria- tion, and we have very materially increased the acreage of land under cultivation ; there has been an increase of about 100,000 acres cultivated by Indians chiring the last fiscal year, which is a very material increase. The CiiAiRjiAN. Could you not get along as well during the next year with the same amount ; Mr. Meritt. We want to add to tliat showing and still further in- crease the land cultix'ated by Indians, and we are asking for $25,000 to meet that increase. The Chairma>-. I notice. Mr. ^Meritt, that you have an unexpended balance of *1 7,000. in naiiid numbers. Wha"t have vou to say about that? Mr. Meriij-. There may be outstanding obligations which will take up the amount of that unexpended balance. The Chairjiax. I do not know whether we will be able to get the information or not, but as long as I am a member of this committee I intend to try to have the committee furnished with full and up-to- date information before it makes its report. You ought to be able to tell us what disposition has been made of that balance; the only information we have about that balance is that there are outstand- ing accounts against it, and that is not sufficient for us to legislate intelligently. You ought to have your system of bookkeeping re- vised so that you can give to this committee just what has been done with that appropriation and just what the exact status of it is, at least up to the 1st of December, or at least by the 1st of December, because by the 1st of December five months have elapsed during which the appropriation could be contracted for. Mr. Meritt. These figures are based on statements in the Indian Office as of October 1, because that is the close of the first quarter. The Chajjrman. Why could you not revise your system of book- keeping so that Congress would know exactly how much of that ap- propriation had been used? That is a very important thing for the committee, and it is a question which the man in charge of the bill, and other members of the committee have to answer time and again 3091&— 17 5 66 TBTDIAN APPKOPEIATION BILL. on the floor of the House; "we do not have to answer it, but wo aro asked that question, and we can not answer it. Mr. Mekiit. We are putting in force now a new system of book- keeping and we hope by next year to be able to furnish the exact balances at the close of a quarter. The Chairman. What have you done toward inaugurating this system of bookkeeping that was provided for in one of the Indian bills? Mr. Meritt. That is in process of being established at the various schools and agencies throughout the Indian country. The Chairbean. When it is completed can you then give us up-to- date balances? Mr. Meritt. Yes, sir. Mr. Skydek. Would that contemplate also showing where the addi- tional $50,000 went? The Chairman. That is what I want to get at. Mr. Snyder. Not only as to the unexpended balance, but it would assist the bureau, in my judgment, in getting increases if it could show what the former increase had been used for and what it had produced. Mr. Meritt. As I stated to the committee a moment ago, we have used this increased appropriation in increasing the amount of aci'e- age that is being cultivated by Indians. Our annual report will show that we have about 100,000 acres over the amount that was cultivated the preceding year, which is a very material increase. Mr. Snyder. If we had that report before us now, it would help me to convince myself that you had done something with the $50,000, and that you were entitled to the additional amount you are asking for. Mr. Meritt. We bring that to your attention in our justification and I am bringing it to your personal attention now ; we have actu- aly increased the amount of acreage cultivated by Indians to the exfent of 100,000 acres, which is a very splendid showing. The Chairman. In the year 1916 we appropriated $425,000 for this purpose, to be used for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1917. You ought to be able now to show us what was done, and your report docs show what disposition has been made of $407,000, in round num- bers, of that amount, but your report is not complete because it does not show any disposition whatever of the $17,000, except your general statenient that it has been contracted for. So that does not give the committee the information it is entitled to have. It is true this is a small baknce, but you recognize the fact that we have very large unexpended balances which we must handle in the same way, and the committee ought to have full information as to the disposition of every cent of that appropriation five months after the year has closed, and you ought to be able to show not only where the majority of the appropriation went but where all of it went and how it was ex- pended, and you ought to be able to show also the exact amount that has not been expended. Mr. Meritt. Since the list of ex|penditures was compiled, there has been expended from this appropriation, as shown by the following report, $1,623.33 : IXDIAN APPBOPEIATION BILL. 67 Construction of buildings $80. 75 Travelins expenses 321. GO Transportation of supplies 18. 1-1 Telpgraphiug and telephoning 23.' .")."> Dry goods, subsistence, forage, etc 253.00 Kqulpnient 735. OS Live stock 1E5. 00 Miscellaneous 3. 95 1, 022. X', The Chairman. Next year, Mr. Meritt, if you can, I, as one iriem- ber of the Indian Committee, would like to have you show the actu-il expanditures that have been made, all the amounts of that appropri- ation that have been contracted for and what the actual unexpended balance is. Mr. Meritt.. I think we will be able to give you those figures next year under our new system of bookkeeping. Mr. Haydbn. I notice that in line 12 the language " of which uoi less than $75,0C0 shall be used for the employment of additional field matrons " is stricken out. Why do you propose to strike it out? Mr. Meritt. It is necessary to strike that language out bacauso that was carried in the bill last year and if we carry it in the bill this year we would have to expend an additional amount of $75,000 over the two amounts that we expended heretofore. For instance, we expended about $40,000 for field matrons prior to the enactment of this legislation; then we were required to expend $75,000 addi- tional under this legislation, and if wo carry that same provision in this year's bill we would have to expend $185,000. Mr. HAroEN. Instead of doing that why not strike out the word '"additional" instead of striking out the whole proviso, so that it will read " of which sum not less than $75,000 shall be used for the cmplojrment of field matrons?" Mr. Meritt. We would have no objection to that amendment. Mr. Snyder. Will ycu explain to me what a field matron is? Mr. Meritt. A field matron is a woman, usually about 40 years of age, who goes from one Indian home to another to teach the Indian women sanitary living, proper housekeeping, and the proper care of their children. Mr. Hayden. What is the purpose of striking out the words in line 17, " on or after January 1, 1917?" Mr. Meritt. That is surplus legislation in this year's bill. Mr. Hayden. Why not make it permanent legislation by provid- ing that, " Hereafter no money shall be expended in the employment of any farmer or expert farmer at a salary of or in excess of $50 per month, unless he shall first have procured and filed with the Commissioner of Indian Affairs a certificate of competency," etc. Mr. Meritt. If you wish to make that permanent legislation, that would be the proper way of handling it. Mr. Church. I notice a provision for the education of Indians in forestry. Do yon really have any one educating them in forestry? Mr. Meritt. We have on Indian allotments and tribal lands be- tween $90,000,000 and $100,000,000 worth of timber, and we have foresters in charge of these extensive tracts of timber. We employ fodians-^to assist these foresters wherever we can. We have endeav- 68 INDIAN APPBOPEIATION BILL. Ored to impress upon the Indians the importance of taking care of their timber because of its vahie and the necessity of keeping fires from the timber. Mr. Chttech. The foresters are employed for the purpose of look- ing after and protecting the forests ? Mr. Meeitt. Yes, sir; and scaling the timber that is being sold. We are constantly selling Indians' timber, and they are aiding the Indians in getting the largest returns possible from the timber taken from their lands. Mr. Church. The education of the Indians in the proper care of forests consists in teaching them to keep down the fires, etc. ? Mr. Meeitt. Yes, sir. Mr. Hayde>'. On page 11 you eliminate the words "herein pro- vided for " : Is that tor the purpose of making it permanent legisla- tion? Mr. Meeitt. That is for the purpose of not only applying this limitation to this particular proviso, but for applying it to the stocks men, farmers, and the others enumerated that may be employed out of other appropriations available. Mr. Hatden. Then what you want to say is, " That the amount hereafter paid to matrons, foresters, farmers, physicians, and stock- men shall not be included within the limitation on salaries and com- pensation of employees contained in the act of August 24, 1912." Mr. Meeitt. That would make it permanent legislation, and we would prefer it that way. Mr. Hatden. Why should they not be under that limitation? Mr. Meeitt. Because it is absolutely impossible to conduct these large allotted reservations under the limitation in question. Mr. Hatden. What is the nature of that limitation? jMi-. Meeitt. It provides that not to exceed $15,000 shall be ex- pended at any one school or agency. That law was passed several years ago, and since that legislation was enacted we have allotted these reservations and we are selling and leasing the lands, and the actual work on these reservtions has trebled in some cases. The Chairman. The next item is as follows : For c';/7K i/.sY'.s kiridcnf to the purchase of Roods and supplies for the Indian Service, including insjiection, pay of necessary employees, and all other expenses connected therewith, including advertising, storage, and transportation of Indian goods and supplies. .$300,000 : Protnded, That no part of the sum hereby appropriated shall be used for the maintenance of to exceed three warehouses in the Indian Service. Mr. Meeitt. I oifer for the record the following justification: Pwrhane and transportatioit of Indian supplies. Fiscal year ending June 30, 1918 : Amount appropriated $300,000.00 Fiscal year ended June 30, 1917 : Amount appropriated 300,000.00 Amount expended ; 229, 325. 16 Unexpended balance 70, 674.84 INDIAN APPBOPBIATION BILL. 69 Ann lysis af expemlitures : Rpguhir employees ^„ In-egular employees__^ q' i Vi' ^a Rent of buildings 7 ilV nn Traveling expenses '' '^^- ^ Transportation of supplies 1::::":::: 178 095 1 Stationery, printing, and schoolroom supplies . s' "sV 20 Telegraphing and teleplioniug I 7iq w Heat, light, and power, including fueL _ 441 so Equipment __ tnkta Miscellaneous -i"-!!"!^!"::.::::::: :::!: 568:24 Total 229,325.16 XoTK.— $50,957.55 of the total amount wiis e.xpendt'd on :i. Mount of the ware- houses. Purchase and triuispartution ot liidian ■■iiipplicK, ]!)]!>. Appropriated 1916 ijgoo, ooo Appropriated 1917 SOO 000 Appropriateji 1918 ::_::::::::: imooo Estimated, 1919 300,000 Xo part of this ai)propi-iation is expended for sui)plies, except such equipment as may be required to operate the Indian warehouses. The fund is used, except as noted, In the payment of expenses incident to advertisement, piirchase, inspection, and transportation of supplies for the. Indians and for the Indian Service generally, including the cost of maintaining the Indian warehouses. The appropriation for the fiscal year 1917 was expended as follows: Fiscal year ended .Tuue 30, 1917 (the following figures are as of Octol)er 1 1917) : Amount appropriated $300, 000. 00 Amount expended 384, 179. 73 (Overdrawn 84, 179. 73 Anal.vsis of expenditures: Salaries and wages 33,715.86 Traveling expenses 3, 389. 59 Transportation of .supplies 333,550.00 Heat, light, and power (service) includiug fuel __ 441.89 Telegraph and telephone service 719.37 Printing, binding, advei-tising. .stationeiy. and office supplies__ 3,239.20 Equipment, etc 805. 58 Rent 7, 750. 00 Miscellaneous 568. 24 Total 384, 179. 73 Note. — $50,957.55 of the total amount was expended on account of the ware- houses, and inspection and advertising of supplies, awarding contracts, etc. It will he noted that to date this appropriation has been overdrawn to the extent of $84,179.73. At this time last year there were outstanding indebted- ness in the 1916 appropriation totaling about $40,000, and it is probable that the Indebtedness now outstanding against the 1917 appropriation total about $30,000. This will make the total sum expended for all purposes approximately $414,000, making a total deficit of about $114,000. The deficit occurring an- nually in this appropriation for some years past has been covei'ed by a de- ficiency appropriation for the riiiyment of claims certified to Congress by the Secretary of the Treasury. The largest item of expenditui-es, of course, is for the actual transportation of supplies, which for 1917 amounts to $333,550 up to about October 3, 1917, with a number of bills outstanding. 70 INDIAN APPKOPEiAlIOS^ BILL. A comparison of amounts expended for this purpose, for the last few years, is as follows : Fiscal year. 1914 inio 1»:6 li)17. Weight of supplies handled by Indian warehouses. Pt)U7ld!>. 60,015,338 73,383,584 187,927,608 90,008,863 Approxi- mate amount expended for freight charges. $288,000.00 306,770.97 314,613.32 333,550.00 ' To October 1. It' should be noted that a large volume of supplies on which transportation charges are paid from this appropriation are handled by the field officers and not by the Indian warehouses, but the exact weight of these is not known. This would considerably increase the weights on which transportation charges were paid during the years named. While the tonnage shipped by the field oflicers is not included in the above totals, the cost of the transportation is included. The amount specified for 1919, to cover the transportation of supplies, is $246 300, but it is believed that at least $370,000 will actually be requifed. There has been a general increase in freight rates during the past year and apparently further increases may be allowed, and if only the former amoutit is appropriated, there will probably be a deficit during 1919 of approximately $125,000. The other expenses chargeable to this appropriation are for the maintenance of the warehouses. Prior to the year 1915 these were five in number, but dur- ing that year the number was reduced to three. However, the two could not be discontinued until late in the fiscal year. The appropriation bill, for 1917 provided that another warehouse should be discontinued during that year, leaving but two. In the bill for 1918 provision was made for three warehouses. The figures for the different fiscal year.s are not, therefore, strictly comparable: Total expenditures for maintaining A^-arehouses, etc. : 1913 $66, 905. 75 1914 65,709.20 1915 65, 993. 47 1910 70, 410. 44 1917 55, 666. 20 Estimated for 1919 .53, 700. 00 Salaries, wages, etc. : 1913 46. 998. 96 1914 47, 488. 99 1915 46, 027. 16 1916 45. 69L 13 1917 33, 715. 86 Estimated for 1919 30. 000. 00 Travel ing expenses : 1913 4,400.00 1914 _- 4, 805. 31 1915 ' 1, 730. 55 1916 * G, 777. 00 1917 3, 389. 59 Estimated for 1919 3, 500. 00 Telegraph and telephone service : 1913 764.84 1914 789.37 1915 1, 025. 71 1916 689.94 1017 719.37 Estimated for 1919 700. 00 1 1'nrt of the traveling expenses for 1915 was paid from the 1916 appropriation. '^^ INDIAN APPEOPEIATION BILL. 71 Heat, light, and power (service) : 1914""""' ^^^^■^'^ wio 221.13 1916 -^gg r.^ 1917 ( including fuel ) '__'_ 441 89 Estimated for 1919 (included in "Miscellaneous"). Printing and advertising : im^ 749.56 191o 773 67 ■lyj-o 4 Q!57 Q3 1917 (including stationery and office supplies) 3^ 239 20 Estimated for 1919 (including stationery and office supplies) 3, 300 00 Stationery and otlice supplies : }^}'^, 804.30 1914 1^ 328. 77 191u 1 38.1. 46 1916 2, 080. 10 1917 (included iu "Printing and advertising"). 1919 (included in "Printing and advertising"). Fuel: 1913 320.93 1914 1 259.80 1915 229.38 1916 290., 31 1917 (included in "Heat, light, and power"). Estimated for 1919 (included in "Miscellaneous"). Equipment : 1913 529.96 1914 204.69 1915 194.05 1916 485.52 1917 =. 805. OOj Estimated for 1919 400.00 Rent of warehouses : 1913 11, 740. 00 1914 11, 475. OOi 1915 13, 074. 90 1916 9, 300. 00 1917 7, 750. 00 Estimated for 1919 9,030.00 Miscellaneous : 1913 2.58.09 1914 160. 35i 1915 382.27 1916 469.71 1917 568.24 Estimated for 1919 800.00 Total expenditures : 19131 MSO, 756. 59 1914 3.")."). 240. 74 19151 3'' !• 814. 31 1916 384. 637. 80 1917 (exclusiveof outstanding indebtedness) 384, 179. 73' Estimated for 1919 300,000.00 The appropriations for purchase and transportation of Indian supplies from 1908 to 1911, inclusive, were each $315,000, including expense incident to tele- graphing and telephoning. In 1912 there was appropriated $285,000 and a sepa- rate appropriation of $14,000 for telegraphing and telephoning was made. A most earnest effort has been made for several years to regulate the expendi- tures from this appropriation in such a way as to prevent a deficit, but the volume of freight traffic for the Indian Service is increasing so rapidly that this 1 Includes about $100,000 for wagon transportation of supplies. 72 INDIAN APPROPKIATION BILL. could only be done by changing the entire policy of the service in the purchasing of supplies. It is not believed that any more sui)i)lies are purchased for the Indian Service than was the case in past years, but with increased attention to buying has come a complete reversal in the policy under which they are pur- chased, throwing a larger and larger proportion of the total cost of supplies on this appi-opriation, and a correspondingly less amount on the various support funds. Up to about 12 years ago the greater quantity of flour, forage, and fuel for the Indian Service «'as purchased f. o. b. destination ; in fact, so much em- phasis was placed on the desire to purchase in this way that very few bids f. o. b. other points were received. In 1899 the contract system of transportation was abolished and authority w;is given to ship supplies by common carriers at the regular commercial rates, less any reductions accruing to the Government In return for lands granted the diffei-ent roads at the time they were constructed. It was almost immediately found that we could ship supplies at rates which were not only much lo^er than M-e ever received after inviting bids, but much lower than the rates paid by private shippers. The significance of this fact, as applied to purchasing supplies, was not recognized immediately; however, each year we found it clieaper to buy more supplies at points of manufacture. Several years ago we finally recognized that, owing to the reduced freight rates we received, we can in almost every case buy cheaper at point of manufacture or production and ship to the various agencies than by buying the same articles f. o. b. delivery point. For example : A mill at Portland, Oreg., bidding on lumber for the Nevada Indian School, at Numana, Nev., would have to cal- culate its delivered price on the' basis of a freight rate, Portland to Numana, of $0.40 per hundredweight in carload lots. Their bill would be the Portland price plus freight to Numana, all of which w-ould be payable from the Nevada School support fund. Reductions accruing to the Government in return fot- lands granted to the Southern Pacific Co. in Oregon bring the rate which we would have to pay down to $0.0S6 per hundredweight in carload lots if we did the shipping on Government bills of lading. The saving in maliing the purchase f. o. b. Poi'tland and doing the shipping ourselves is obvious ; but as the freight on the purchase in this case Would be charged against " Purchase and transporta- tion of Indian supplies," and only the cost of the material at Portland charged to the support fund, there would be a charge of in the neighborhood of $100 per car against the transportation appropriation which would not have been made had the lumber been purchased f. o. b. destination. Thus an actual net saving of nearly $500 to the Government on the whole purchase increa.ses the charge against this appropriation by $100. The recognition of this fact has led to ever-increasing efforts to save money l)y inviting bids f. o. h. points of manufacture all over the United States, and the acceptance of such bids has led to a constantly increasing volume of freight traffic on behalf of the Indian Service through the warehouses and otherwise, with cori-esponding inci'easing overdrafts in the " Purchase and transportation of Indian sui)"lies " fund. We estimate that we save at least $100,000 an- nually on the total cost of our supplies delivered at destination by purchasing at point of manufacture or production and shipping at Government freight rates. That is. by paying $350,000 from this appropriation for freight charges, we save at least $450,000 from the various support funds. The reason for the constantly increasing amount spent on freight charges is shown most forcibly by the weights of svuiplies purchased thi-ongb warehouses in the past few years: Pounds. 1911 37, 167, 594 1912 49, 857, 085 .1913 .58, 183, 679 1914 60, 015, 338 1915 ^ 7,S, 393, 584 1916 ^ . 87, 927. 608 1917 ^ 90, 008, 853 It is estimated that more than two-thirds of the supplies used bv the Indian Service are now purchased through warehouses, and that including those pur- chased f. o. b. shipping point by field superintendents we pay for freight trans- portation on about four-fifths of all the supplies purchased for the service, the remainder being delivered at destination by the firm or individual from whom we buy. INDIAN APPROPRIATION BILL. 73 I miglit say that we now have three pennanent warehouses in the Indian Service, and we are asking that those warehouses be con- tinued. These warehouses are located at Chicago, St. Louis, and San Francisco. The Chairman. There is no necessity for any others? Mr. ]Mebitt. No, sir. We formerly had wai'ehouses at New York and Omaha, but they have been discontinued. Mr. Hatden. What change do you make bj' adding the words "expenses incident to" and then saying "and all other expenses connected therewith"? Mr. Mehiit. We simply put that language in there to more clearly indicate the purpose of the appropriations. As it formerly read, it would appear that we paid for the goods actually purchased out of this appropriation, whereas we simply pay for the freight and for the incidental expenses of the warehouses. We do not pay for the goods purchased out of this appropriation. Those expenses are cared for out of agency and scIkjoI appropriations. I might also say that there is almost always a deficit in connection with this ap- propriation, because it is impossible to anticipate the amount of freight that will be charged during the year. Freights have been constantly raised during the last few years, and it is becoming to be more expensive to carry on this work each year. I think it. will be necessary next year, in order to avoid a deficit, to ask for $400,000. The Chairman. You probably will not have a deficit this year ? Mr. Meritt. Yes. sir; we will have a deficit, just as we have had deficits for a number of years past, but those deficits are taken care of by the Appropriations Committee as they are certified by the Treasury Department. The Chairman. I notice that the financial report shows a balance on hand of about one-fourth of the appropriation. Mr. Meritt. But before the close of the next quarter all of those funds will be used, and there will be outstanding obligations to be met by a deficiency appropriation. The Chairman. The next item is as follows : For telegraph and telephone toll messages on business pertaining to the Indian Service sent and received by the Bureau of Indian Affairs at Wash- ington, $8,000. Mr. Meritt. I offer for the record the following justification: Telegraph i II fi aiirJ tclrplwiiinr/. Indian Sen-ice. Piiscal year ending June 30, 1918: Amount appropriated $8. OOP. 00 Fiscal year ended June 30, 1917 : Amount appropriated 10,000.00 Auidunt expended i,3.j4. 30 rncxpou(lH(l baliince 2. 645. 70 Analysis of expenditures: ^ Teleginiiliing and telephoning i..^o4:.30 TELEGKAPHING AND TELEPHONING, INDIAN SERVICE, $8,000. The •niii>nnt asked for under this heading i.s for the purpose of defraying the cost Of telegrams between the Indian office here and the field, and to pay the tolls upon such messages and telephone conversations. 74 INDIAN APPEOPKIAHON BILL. In view of the many urgent matters arising, it is necessary to act promptly and tlierefore many telegrams are sent to and from the Wasliington office which are paid for from this appropriation. Mr. Snyder. Do you find that whole amount necessary? Mr. Meeitt. Yes, sir. Mr. Hatden. You had $10,000 for this purpose last year. Mr. Meeitt. There was $10,000 allowed year before last, and it was cut to $8,000 last year. Mr. Hatden. You got along with the $8,000? Mr. Meeitt. Yes, sir. The Chaieman. The next item is as follows : For witness fees and other legal expenses incurred in suits instituted in behalf of or against Indians involving the question of title to lands allotted to them, or the right of possession of personal property held by them, and in hearings set by the United States local laud officers to deternline the rights of Indians to public lands, $1,000: Provided, That no part of this appropriation shall be used in the payment of attorneys' fees. Mr. Meeitt. I offer the following justification in support of this item: Court costs in suits involving lands allotted to Indians. Fiscal year ending June 30, 1918 : Amount appropriated $1, 000. 00 Fiscal year ended June 30, 1917 : Amount appropriated 1, 000. 00 Amount expended 832. 78 Unexpended balance 167. 22 Analysis of expenditures : Traveling expenses 329. 50 Stationery, printing, and schoolroom supplies 204. 25 Miscellaneous , 299.03 832. 78 COtTET COSTS, ETC., SUITS INVOLVING LANDS ALLOTTED TO INDIANS, $1,000. This item includes witness fees and other legal expenses in suits instituted in behalf of or against Indians involving the question of title to their allotted lands and also the right to possession of personnel property held by them, and in hearings set by tlie United States land officials to determine the rights of Indians to public lauds. However, no part of the item is used in the payment of attorneys' fees. The claim of an Indian to an allotment or homestead on tlie public domain is frequently contested by whites who claim to have made prior settlement, necessitating a hearing before the local laud office to determine the rights of the respective parties. Witness fees must be paid, traveling expenses incurred, etc.. in order to determine the facts and properly protect the interests of the Indians. Sometimes it becomes necessary to request the Department of Justice to represent the Indinns in suits based on contests of this character or in the States courts when title to an Indian allotment has been clouded by reason of attempted conveyances obtained fraudulently or otherwise, for which the Department of Justice has no speciiic fund available. The Chairman. The item is the same as last year. Mr. Meeitt. Yes, sir. The Chaieman. The next item is as follows : For expenses of the Board of Indian Commissioners, $10,000. IXDIAM APPBOPBIATIOIf BILL. 75 Mr. Meritt. I offer for the record the following justification : Expenses of IndUin Commugioners. Fiscal .^•eal■ ending June 30, 1918 : Amount appropriated $10, 000. 00 Fiscal year ended June 30, 1917 : "" Amount appropriated jO qoq qq Amount expended '_ g' 730' 4]^ Unexpended balance 1 219.59 Analysis of expenditures : Regular employees 5_ OOi. 66 Irregular employees ' 407' .50 Traveling expenses 2, 820.36 Stationery and printing ' 12o! 98 Telegraphing and telephoning 79 35 Equipment 35O, 56 8, 780. 41 EXPENSES OF INDIAN COMMISSIONERS, 510,000. The Board of Indian Commissioners is composed of a body of men appointed by the President, without compensation, whose duties are defined by existing law. In order to enable them to carry on their duties this fund is necessary. The members \isit the various Indian reservations and schools to make inves- tigations, etc., and their expenses, the salary of their secretary, etc., are paid for from this sum. The Chairman. The next item is as follows: For pay of Indian police, including chiefs of police at not to exceed $50 per month each and privates at not to exceed $30 per month each, to be employed in maintaining order, for purchase of equipments and supplies and for rations for policemen at nonration agencies, $200,000. Mr. Mebitt. T offer the following justification in support of this item: Pay of Indian police. Fiscal year ending June 30, 1918 : Amount appropriated $200, 000. 00 Fiscal year ended June 30, 1917 : Amount appropriated 200, 000. 00 Amount esponded 190,968. 14 Unexpended balance 9, 031. 86 Analysis of expenditures : Regular employees 158. 138. 97 Irregular employees , 375. 12 Transportation of supplies 239. 80 Heat, light, and power, including fuel 877. 54 Drygoods, subsistence, forage, medical supplies 30, 008. 70 Equipment 1, 145. 61 Miscellaneous 182. 40 190, 968. 14 PAY OF INDIAN POLICE, $200,000. This fund, as the language indicates, is for the payment of salaries of 064 Indian police on the several Indian reservations, consisting of 89 judges, 104 76 INDIAN APPROPRIATION BILL. chiefs of police, and 471 privates, anil to i)!i.v for tlieir suli^isteiice, clotliing, equipment, etc. Tlie.se employees are in most instances tlie only niean-s for maintainms law and order among tlie Indians on the reservations, and to do that and thereby assist in preparing them for taking over tlie full duties of citizenship, this item is necessary. In view of the labor question throughout the entire country, we find it diffi- cult to obtain good men at the pre.sent rate of comiiensation as fixed by law, and the time is not far distant when a larger rate of compensation must be allowed. In order to accomplish the purpo.se for which the appropi'iation is made, it is advisable and necessary to obtain the best Indians possible wlio have the re.spect of the other memlaers of the tribe and whose labors will bring about the desired results. This fund is very necessary and the employees are essen- tial and helpful on the reservations. The Chairman. It is the same as the last annual appropriation? Mr. Mebitt. Yes, sir. The Chairman. The next item is as follows: For pay of judges of Indian courts where tribal relations now exist. .$8,000: Proriflcil, That no part of this, nor of any other sum, shill be used to pay any judge for the Pueblo Indians of Kew Mexico, and that no such judge shall be appointed for sucli Indians by any United States official or employee. Mr. Mebitt. I oifer the folloM'ing justification in support of this item : Pay of judges, Indian ooiurts. Fiscal year ending June 30, 1918 : Amount appropriated ifS, 000. 00 Fiscal year ended June 30, 1917 : Amount appropriated 8, 000. 00 Amount expended 7, 807. 36 Unexpended balance 192.64 Analysis of expenditures : Regular employees 7, 807. 36 PAY OF .TUDGES, INDIAN COUJITS, $8,000. On the several Indian reservations where tribal relations are maintained there liave been established under authority of tbe Secretary of the Interior courts of Indian offenses for tiie purpose of assisting in maintaining law and order and to handle the minor infractions of the law and regulations. That part of the item prohibiting the use of any portion of this fund for the pay of any judge of the Pueblos of New jMexico should be eliminated. It is believed that the enactment of this provision last year was due to a misunder- standing of the facts. Our justification last year indicated that we expended .$720 for pay of Indian judges in the Pueblo country, in N^w Mexico, and it was stated upon the floor of the Senate that this sum was used for the pay of one individual. However, the facts are that this sum of .$720 was used to pav 20 Indian judges, who served tlieir people at the rate of $8 per month each. These- courts, not only among the Pueblo Indians but among all other tribes and bands, have proven very helpful and beneficial, and the punishment meted out to offending Indians is accepted with much better grace when imposed by an Indian court than when given out by the superintendent or other white employee. These courts further serve to teach the Indians the ways of the white man and community and to assist in preparing them for their future duties as citizens of the Nation. This item, including the provision applying to the Pueblo Indians of New Mexico, was insisted upon by a Senator from New Mexico and it was incorporated in the Senate. "We will be glad to have that proviso eliminated if the committee will do so. INDIAN APPROPRIATION BILL. 77 The Chairmax. The next item is as follows: . For nny of specinl agents, at $2,000 per annuni ; for traveling and incidental expenses of sueh special agents, inchidint; sleepins-c-ai" fare, and a per diem of not to exceed $4 in lieu of subsistence, in the discretion of the Secretar.v of the Interior, when actuall.v employed on duty in the,fleld or ordered to the seat of government ; for transportation and incidental expenses of officers and clerks of the Office of Indian Affairs when traveling on official duty; and for other necessary expenses of' the Indian Service for which no other appropria- tion is available, $135,000: Priiridci]. Tliat not to exceed .$5,000 Of this amoinit sliall be immediately available. Mr. Meritt. I offer the following justification: General e.rijeiixex. Iiidiaii Serriee. Fiscal ye.ir ending .Tune 30, 3918: Amount appropriated $i:^0. 000. 00 Amount appropriated K^.l. 000. 00 Amount expended 328,871.26 Unexpended li.ilance _. 6,128.74 Analysis of expenditures : Regular employees S3, 371. 89 Irregular employees 2.~y2'i.in Traveling expenses 27, ;340. 8S ... Transportation of supplies., 483.00 Stationery, printing, and schoolroom supplies .'i.S9. 90 Telegraphing and telephoning * 1.020.66 Heat, light, and power, including fuel 2,083.46 Dry goods, subsistence, forage, medical supplies ,_ 2,889,14 Rci'uipmeut 6, ;W9. 72 Miscellaneous 2, 297. Si) 128, 871. 26 (iEXEIiAl, EXl'EXSES, LNDtAN OFFICE, .f 1 .3 .-,,110(1. This item is the same as that for tlie last year and past several years, with the exception that the allowance of per diem in lieu of subsistence for the special agents has been increased from $3 to not to exceed $4 per day. The appropriation is divisible into four parts: The employment of special agents, traveling expenses of the Connnissionei- of ;^idian Affairs anIAN APPBOPKIAnON BILL. gg l^l\eZ'^ml^^'a ^Si^ SS"' sl!i^:^ '""t^ ^^^ '"^^ ^'""-« the upbreedinff of tlip smn 11 tvT.^^f i,!? f'talhons have been purchased foir equipment have been purchased witrthe resnl/thn.in^^^^^ and agricultural , Ji„ ,t^°^f® appropriation was expended, repaid, and again expended for agricultural equipment, live stock, seeds, etc., fo- the IndLs Under the provisions of the appropriation act the repaypients made by the Indlanf were made available for reexpeuditure again and again until .Ue 30 1916 Bv reason of the ava lability of the repayments made In- the Indin! for reeSendN ture, property valued at $34,296.79 was b.jught. Already iSs 22 ha? been 3fnif?'' '* IS anticipated a large amount will be returned by the Indans this fall from sales of grain, hay, and live stock luuians This is a clear illustration of the accomplishment of the primary obiect of the appropriation, namely, to enable the In^'dians to gain self-si^port because the Indians are pajung back to the Government the amounts they ve from the iijcrease from the stock furnished and the products of the soil JesuuC T^le «?^'n^ ^nn^ntf ■"?••' "■' "'^^ agricultural equipment employed thereon^ .Xhe $loOOO appropriation is no longer available, and further assistance given to these Indians must necessarily come from appropriations such as is con- templated by this item. The act of March 3, 1911, provided that the ivpayuients made liv the Indians may be again expended in the same maimer and for the same purposes as the original appropriation until June 30, 1917 ; and the act of .Tune 30 1913 pro vided that the rerayments made by the Indians under its provisions inav be likevpise used until .June 3(». :924. As both of these appropriations are avail- able for the same purposes and sub.iect to the same rules, they are combined on the books of the Iniiiau Oflice. Seeds, trees, plants, agricultural imple- ments, live stock, forage, etc.. asgre.i.-ating .$121,609.02 were bought from these t\!fO' appropriations up to .June 30. 1917. Approximately .$4.'),928.19 has already been repaid hy the Indians. This is more than one-third of the amount ex- I)en' be anticipated .I'ust as quickly as the production warrants. JioreoVev, the plan of requiring the Indians to pay for what theyg^t, aside from the benefits whicli they obtain througli the use of the equipment, sives them experifuce in business matters of this kind such as will be so vitally necessary wlieu the Government withdraws its guardianship. The crops throughout the Northwest during the past season lune been com- paratively poor, and in some places the Indians did not even get back the seed they planted in the spring. It these people are to go forward and continue, their struggle to improve their lands and ultimately attain self-support, the proposed appropriation is necessary so that the much-needed assistance may be granted. In spite of crop failures the Indians are taking advantage of every opportunity to market their labor and are making payments on their accounts! even tiiougli in very small amounts. The Indians have ample resources to guarantee the repayment of the amounts advanced by Congi-ess. The value of the land and timber allotted to the Indians is about as follows : Value of land exclusive of timber : Allotted $351, 398, 172 Unallotted 102, 724, 836 A'alue of timber : Allotted 10, 937, 166 Unallotted _ 73, 907, 611 , From this it will be seen the Indians have ample resources to secure«the ad- vances made by Congress in reimbursable appropriations. ISTDUXr APPEOPBIATION BILL. 89 Whenever tribal funds or individual funds are available for use in Carrying out industrial programs they are used to tlie fullest possible extent, but such funds are wholly inadequate to meet the needs existing at various reservations, and there are many reservations having no tribal funds at all at the present time because their resources have not been converted into money. The In- dians are rapidly indicating a willingness to utilize their lands and become active workers in protitable industrial pursuits, but it is highly essential to pro- vide them with eqniijment and stock before they can make a beginning. Indians are being educated in schools at Government expense, but when they return honie they ha\e no equipment with which to practice what they have learned. Indians who have remained on the reservation and previously have doubted the wisdom of farming their lands are, through observation of the accomplishment of their neiglibors, coming forward and indicating a willing- ness to go to work, but they have not the equipment or the funds to provide what is needed. A great many of the Indians are unable to go onto theii' allotments because tlie,\' have no houses for themselves or barns tor their stock or money with which to provide what they need. Large areas of agricultural and grazing lauds which can and should be farmed by Indians or grazed by their own stock are being leased, and it is desirable that the Indians be given such assistance as may be necessary to utilize their land. This can only be done through an appropriation such as is contemplated in the proposed itpm. The item is a reimbursable one and consequently should not be classed as a gratuity- appropriation. The Chairma^\ Xow, you will perhaps remember coming before |he committee several years ago and stating to us that after live stock was placed upon these reservations this appropriation might be re- duced. , I think , that was in 1916. For the year ending June 30, 1917, the appropriation was $300,000, based, as I recollect it, on that statement. Last year they came back and said that they wanted an increase of $100,000. We cut it back to $300,000, but the Senate in.; creased it to $400,000, and insisted upon it. " Now, what I would like to know is this : How long will it be before you wiH get these reser- vations supplied with live stock so that this appropriation ma,y be curtailed ? Mr. Mehitt. a few years ago we asked for reports from the su- perintendents throughout the Indian country as to the amount of funds , that, would be required to get the Indians of the country started on their allotments, to supply them with farming equiprnent, and to buy them the stock necessary for them to have in order to be- come self-supporting. The superintendents estimated that it would require anywhere from eight to ten million dollars for this work. There have been appropriated by Congress reimbursable funds up to the present time amounting to $2,295,000. We have made splendid use of this fund and some of it has been reimbursed. It has enabled us to get the Indians started on their allotments and to cultivatmg their lands, which would otherwise have been unused. The Chairman. With that part of it I am in full accord and sym- pathy, but it does seem to me that the time ought to come when we could begin to cease the appropriation of funds for community or tribal herds. . . . : Mr. Meeitt. I realize that the time is commg when it will not be necessary to expend as large an amount as we have been expending for tribal herds. I think that hereafter this fund will be more largely used for individual purposes than for the purpose of pro-, viding tribal stock. j. .i • x -u i u i Mr Hatden. I have made some investigation ot this tribal-hercl business, and the net result is that there is not any more live stock on the reservations nor any more meat produced on the reservations 90 INDIAN APPEOPEIATION BILL). under that system than was produced under the leasing system. The net result, further, is that it is of no more benefit to the Indians to have tribal herds on the reservations than it is to have the lands leased to somebody for stock-raising purposes. There is a certain amount of grass and forage on the reservations, and the country gen- erally is interested in that grass being used by some one. By pro- viding tribal herds the Indian is not benefited any more than he would be by leasing out the land to white men who will employ the Indians as cowboys wherever they can to look after the stock. tJnde^ this plan there is no gain at all. We are simply appropriating money to buy cattle, making this b^g investment in live stock, under a pater- nalistic system that is not beneficial to the Indians. The Chairman. It is a departure from the policy of the Indian Bureau, really, because it is the policy of the Indian Bureau to indi: vidualize the Indians as quickly as possible. Mr. Meeitt. Yes, sir; that has been the intent. The Chairman. And in providing these tribal herds you are tak- ing a step backward rather than forward. You are going back to the system of tribal ownership. Mr. Meritt. These tribal herds are purchased with the ultimate view of dividing up the herds among the Indians and allowing them to own the stock individually. Of course on a number of reserva- tions the Indians have not yet advanced to the point where they can take care of cattle. Mr. Hayden. In that case the land might just as well be leased under the same old system without so great an expense to the Gov- ernment. Wherever there is an individual Indian capable of taking care of cattle it is a perfectly simple matter to buy him a few head of stock, but this investment is a waste of money, and it is absolutely wrong in principle. Mr. Snyder. I notice in this statement an item of $20,878 for dry goods, forage, etc., and an item of $8,000 for equipment. I can not understand why this question of dry goods should come in here. Mr. Meritt. We are requiring the Indian now to pay for what he gets whenever we can, rather than to issue him the things as a gratuity. These things were evidently purchased under the reim- bursable agreements rather than to issue to the Indians out of a gratuity appropriation. Mr. tiNYDER. This section reads: Which sum may be used for the purchase of seed, animals, machinery, tools, implements, and other equipment necessary. I do not think that is broad enough to include dry goods. Mr. Meritt. The first part of the section reads : For the purpose of encouraging industry and self-support among the Indians. Mr, Snyder. The language which I just read would seem to be a limitation upon that. The Chairman. I can not see, Mr. Meritt, how the purchase' of dry gRods would encourage industry or self-support. Mr. Meritt. It is encouraging industry and self-support when we make them pay for the things rather than to issue them as a gratuity. • Mr. Hayden. Will you please place in the record a statement of just what has been expended on thess tribal herds in the last three or four years? Bring it down to the past fiscal year, and show what INDIAN APPKOPEIATION BILL. 91 you have done with the $400,000; that is, bring it up to date and show where the herds arc located. Mr. Meritt. The following statements of the cost of tribal herds are based on reports submitted by superintendents, some of which are dated June 30, 1916, and some December 31, 1916. ■■ Supermtendents have been called upon to submit cost statements sliowing the cost of the herd from the beginning to June 30, 1917 together with an mventory of herd and valuation as of the date ot the report. Ihese reports have again been called for by telegram under date of December 14, 1917. These statements are due semi- annually, and proper steps Avill be taken to insure the prompt sub- imssion in order that complete cost statements may be available when desired. The information called for will be available shortly for such use as may be required. The other information requested and not herein given will be found in our general justification. statement of cost of tribal herds. rOKT APACHE EESERVATION, AEIZ. Herd established in .Tiily, 1917. Five hundred head of 2-.vear-old heifers were purchased at >$48 per head, $24,000, and 75 bulls for $13,287.50. (No report showing results yet submitted.) SAN CABLOS KESEKVATION, AEIZ. Herd established in 1914. Expenditures to December 31, 1916, as follows : Investment $104, ]32. 00 Equipment 135. 70 Supplies 2, 705. 76 Miscellaneous 213. 34 Salaries 9,200. 34 Maintenance 34. 42 Total lie, 421. 50 Inventory on December 31, 1910 : Bulls 237 Cows _^ 1, 871 Heifers 550 Steers 543 Valuation not given. rOET HALL EESEEVATION, IDAHO. Herd established Aujmst, 1014. Expenditures from August, 1914, to December 31, 1916, as follows : Investment $42, 918. 72 Equipment 890. 55 Supplies 5, S99 42 Mi.scellaneous 200. 85 Salaries 4, 440. 00 Total 54, 325. 54 Inventory on December 31, 1916: Bulls C3 Cows • 017 Yearlings f2^ Calves Ji^^ Valuation, including equipment, $06,150. 92 INDIAN APPROPRIATION BILL. Br.ACKKEET KESERVATION, MONT. Herd established August, 1916. Expenditures from August, 1916, as follows : . . Investment -¥145, 424. 10 Equipment 2, 636. 89 Supplies 27, 403. 76 Miscellaneous— i 465.60 Salaries : 8, 880. 98 Total 184, 761. 33 Inventory on December 31, 1916 : Govts 2, 382 Calves 863 Bulls 78 Valuation, including equipment, $215,568.19. TRUXTON CANON RESERVATION, ARIZ. Herd established November 17, 1913. = Expenditures to December 31, 1916, as follows : Investment $30, 932. 00 Equipment 2, 793. 21 Supplies 844.36 Miscellaneous , 5, 415. 07 Salaries 3, 567.- 78 Total 43, 552. 42 Inventory on December 31, 1916 : Cows ^ 497 Yearlings 390 Calves , . 210 Bulls 48 Valuation, including equipment, $60,725. FOET BELKNAP RESERVATION, MONT. Herd established June, 1915. --i' Expenditures to December 31, 1916, as follows : Investment $112, 390. 00 Equipment 1. 643. 57 Supplies 18, 145. 61 Miscellaneous 627.00 Salaries 9, 448. 96 Total 142, 255. 14 Inventory on December 31, 1916 : Cows 1,411 Calves 524 Bulls 70 Valuation, including equipment, $137,058.57. WAl.KEK lilVEll RESERVATION, NEV. Herd established in .Tuly, 1915. Expenditures to June 30, 1916. as follows : Investment $31, 650. 18 Equipment 25.25 Supplies 2, 502. 66 Miscellaneous 82. 90 Salaries 787.65 Total 35, 048. 64 Inventory on June 30, 1916: Cows and heifers * 465 Bulls 25 Valuation, $29,775. INDIAN APPROPRIATION BILL. 93 .TICAHILLA RE.SEin-ATION, N. MEX. Herd establisherl In Janutirv, 1916. Expenditures to .Time 30, 1916, as follows : Jiqiiipment ^ i cai .71 Supplies ::::::::::::: 2' ^l-; It Misgellaneon.s T' m 4 a- Salaries -"1::::::::::::::::, 2' iso 46 Construction and improvement 7' 357. 20 Total 7g_ ygg ^g Inventory on .Tnne 30, 3916: Bulls ____ 40 €ows ggj Calves 682 Valuation, inolndins equipment, .f73,.551.86. CROW RESEKVATIOISI, MONT. Herd establislied in 1914. Expenditures to December 31, 1916, as follows : Investment $419, 908. 00 Equipment 10, 575. 75 Supplies ■_ ^ 88,764.87 Miscellaneous 11, 631. 90 Salaries 29*, 576! 06 Total 560, 456. 58 Inventory on December 31, 1916: 6,234 cows, at $65 $405,210.00 1.692 heifers, 2 years old, at $50 84, 600. 00 2,073 heifers, coming yearlings, at $35 72, 555. 00 1,005 steers, 3 and 4 years old. at $75 75,375.00 1.693 steers, 2 years old, at $-55 93,11-5.00 2,072 .steers, coming yearlings, at $35 72, 520. 00 362 bulls, at $100 36, 200. 00 Total 839, .575. 00 Equipment (buildings, fences, horses, etc.) $9,599.82 Subsistence on hand 35. 378. 04 44, 977. 86 Sales, miscellaneous, stoclv. hides, etc ^ 87, 470. 58 Total : 972,023.44 MESCALBKO BESEEVATION, N. ilEX. Herd established in June. 1914. Expenditures to December 31, 1916, as follows : Investment - $65, 590. 00 Equipment 4, 865. 01 Supplies 3> 1^2. 61 Miscellaneous „ 5„^- ^f Salaries i- 3,926.74 Total ^8. 529. 80 Inventory on December 31, 1916 : Cows 1'19- Bulls ^ „^ Calves ^^L Yearlings °" Valuation not given. 94 INDIAir APi>E0PEIATI05r BILL. SHOSHONE EESEKVATIOIif, WYO. Herd ostnblished in 1913. Expenditures to June 1, 191G, as follows: Investment $TOi 259. 24 i:qulpiueiit 909. OS Punplies 17,062.G7 Salaries ^ 10. 459. 1 7 Miscellaneous 2, 018. 12 Total 100, 70S. 88 Inventory on January 1, lOlG: Hulls 119 Cows 1, SG7 Heifers 831 Steers 770 Valuatiou not given. LOWEB BEULE EESEEVAyiOH", S. DAK. Herd ostaMislied in fall of 1913 ; 5.5 heifers, $2,750 ; 55 bulls and 500 heifers .fill! Of 1014. ii;31,490; 75 Inills in June, 1917. Inventory on July 1, 1917: Cows 859 Heifers S3 ISulls lis Yearlings .• 170 Calves - 1 147 Valuatiou not given. r TONGUE liR-EK EESEEVATION, MONT. Herd established .Tune 22. 1915. K.Npenditures to December 31, 191G, as follows: InvoKtnu'ut , $30, 375. 00 lOiluipnient 19. 35 Supplies 7, 377. 57 Jlisceliaueous 18.70 Salaries 1, 045. 57 Total 38, 836. 19 Inventory on J\nie 30, 191G: 6SS head, including 25 bulls. Valuatiou not given. Mr. Church. That will show the number of tribal herds? Mr. Mekitt. Yes, sir. Commissioner Sells is very much inter- ested in the cattle industry among the Indians, and he has taken a very active and personal interest in developing the herds. Mr. Hayden. With all due respect to the Commissioner, I do not think that he is doing the individual Indian any good by managing a large tribal herd for him. It ought to be his policy and the policy of this committee and Congress to develop individual ability through the assistance of some good stcckman. This tribal herd plan is abso- lutely at variance with the best judgment of those who have the real and permanent welfare of the Indians at heart. Mr. Church. How long has this tribal herd plan been in opera- tion? Mr. Meritt. There have been tribal herds purchased for the In- dians over a period of a great many j^ears. Ten or 15 years ago herds were purcliased for the Blackfeet Indians and other Indians, but it was not a success at that time. The Indian Office thought that the Indians had developed to a point where they would appreciate IKDIAN APPBOPEIATION BILL. 95 what was being done for them by the purchase of these tribal herds, later to be prorated and divided among the Indians so that, they might handle them as their own personal property rather than as tribal property. Mr. Chukch. So the herds, except in a few instances, have been purchased how long? Mr. Meritt. Within the last four or five years. Mr. Hayden. In 1908 we appropriated $25,000; in 1910, $1.5,000: in 1911, $30,000; in 1913, $100,000; and in 1914, $000,000. From' that appropriation the first big purchases for tribal herds were made. In 1915 we appropriated $600,000; in 1916 the appropriation was reduced to $300,000, with an additional $100,000 for the Blackfeet Keservation, and last year we raited it again to $400,000. Mr. Snyder. On looking over the items in your justification, Mr. Meritt, the three items of dry goods, subsistence, etc., and equipment and seed, amoimt to upward of $150,000, while the item for the pur- chase of live stock is only $74,000. In other words, it ccsts twice as much to maintain the herds as it dees for the herds themselves. That seems rather inconsistent. Mr. Meritt. Those items are not used in maintaining the herds to any appreciable extent. Mr. Skyder. It is for that purpose, is it not? Mr. Meritt. For example, we expended $47,368.27 for seed. Mr. Snyder. Was not that for the purpose of maintaining the cattle? Mr. Meritt. No, sir; that was for the purchase of seed to be planted by the Indians, so they might have a crop. They were not able to buy the seed necessary ifor planting purposes. Mr. Snyder. It was for the maintenance of the Indians and not for the maintenance of the cattle? Mr. Meritt. Yes, sir. (Thereupon the committee adjoufned to meet to-morrow, Thurs- day, December 6, 1917, at 10 o'clock a. m.) Subcommittee or the Committee on Indian Aeeairs, House of Representatr-es, December G, 1917. The committee met at 10 o'clock, a. m., Hon. Charles D. Carter (chairman) presiding. STATEMENT OF ME. EDGAR B. MESITT, ASSISTANT COMMISSIONES OF INDIAN AFFAIRS— Resumed. The Chairman. The next item is as follows : That not to exceed $200,000 of applicable appropriations made herein for the Bureau of ImlianAftoirs shall be available for the maintenance, repair, and ODerat^of of motor-propelled and horse-drawn passenger-carryms vehicles for the u^e of superintendents, farmers, physicians, field matrons alottms, .nega- tion a!id other employees in the Indian field service: Provided, That not to i r„'J «i r^ lino mav be used in the purchase of horse-drawn passenger-carrying exceed $15,000 may oeuseai 1 purchase of motor-propelled pas- Sr'ca'rirveh^les'tnd tia? such vehicles ^h..,, he used only for otlicial service. 96 INDIAN APPBOPEIATION BILL. Mr. Meritt. Mr. Chairman, we offer for the record the following justification : VEHICUES, INDIAN SBEVICE. By reason of legislation of Congress prohibiting the ijtrchase of passenger- carrying vehicles, it becomes necessary to procnre special authority to use a portion of the appropriations made in the Indian bill for the purpose of pur- chasing horse-drawn and motor-propelled passenger-carrying vehicles. The Indian reservations as a rule are remote from towns and cities and cover large areas and therefore the question of transportation is one of im- portance. The superintendent should be able to visit all portions of his reser- vation in order to ascertain the condition, etc., of his Indians. The field matron should likewise visit all portions of the reservation to assist the Indian women in their 'homes, and the doctor of course is required to answer the calls of the sick at all times and at any place. A quick means of trans- . portation in his case is therefore absolutely necessary. Farmers who assist the Indians in their agricultural and industrial pursuits have districts to cover and many Indians to visit. They also have their work to perform and therefore should have a quick means of getting about. The automobile is therefore very necessary in the Indian Service, and this item Is for the purpose of authorizing the expenditure of a certain portion of our appropriations to be used for the purchase of new machines and to replace those worn out in the service. It is also necessary in many instances to still use the horse and buggy because of lack of road conditions or because of the weather, and therefore it is necessary to purchase new buggies and other passenger-carrying vehicles. The item also provides for the maintenance, repair, upkeep, and operation of these vehicles, and with the ever increasing prices of tires, gasoline, forage, labor, etc., the sum asked for is fully needed. Expended during the fiscal year 1917 in the purchase and operation of passen- ger-carrying vehicles. Total for motor-propelled vehicles, 1917, all funds $40, 381. 98 Paid from tribal and other funds not covered by 1917 act 22, 324. 55 Paid from funds and appropriations named In 1917 act 18, 057. 43 Total for horse-drawn vehicles 9,880.68 Total for repairs and operation 80, 441. 30 Mr. Sntder. I notice you are putting in $30,000 for automobiles and $15,000 for horse-drawn, passenger-carrying vehicles. It has only been since a few years ago that you commenced using auto- mobiles to any great extent, I presume T Mr. Meritt. Yes, sir ; for the past 8 or 10 years. Mr. Snyder. Since you have used automobiles, has there been any reduction in the cost of operating these schools ? Mr. Meritt. I do not know that there has been any reduction in the expense of passenger-carrying vehicles, but it has enabled the em- ployees to get out over the reserxation and make a more thorough super\'ision of their work and keep in closer touch with the Indians. Mr. Sntder. In other words, they have been able to cover much more territory since they have had automobiles than during the time when they used largely horse-drawn vehicles or went afoot or on horseback? Mr. Meritt. Yes, sir; the work has been more efficient. Some of these reservations covers hundreds of miles; as large as some of the New England States. Mr. Sntder. Is it not a fact that with the automobile they have been able to cover twice as much territory ? Mr. Meritt. Yes, sir. Mr. Sntder. Then would it not be reasonable to expect that if you used automobiles largely the number of inspectors and whatever you call these people who use these vehicles could be reduced? INDIAN APPEOPRIATJON BILL. 97 Mr. Meritt. 'NAV are giving closer attention to the needs of the Indians now than heretofore. For example, only within the recent years have we been providing field matrons, and only in recent years h^ve we provided them with hospital and medical facilities ample to meet their needs on some of the reservations. Mr. Sntdek. Then it is your belief that the additional expense caused by the purchase and use of automobiles is compensated for by the additional service that these men give the department? Mr, Meritt. Yes, sir; and it is now really an economy for the Government to buy a cheap automobile in price rather than to purchase a team, because the machine can be maintained as cheaply as a team, in view of the high cost of feed, and the automobile will not cost any more than a good team. Mr. Sntdeh. It has occurred to me that since you are using auto- mobiles and since you are covering twice the territory, if you had previous to the use of automobiles all the inspectors who were neces- sary it ought to be reasonable to expect that no more would be needed now, since we are getting so much more service on account of the use of the automobiles. That is the thought I am trying to convey. Mr. Meeitt. These automobiles will not mean that we will employ more inspectors, but Ave will simplj' equip the people who are now employed with better facilities with which to do their work on the Indian reservations. Mr. Sntder. There is only one theorj- you can proceed on, and that is that the men who were employed previous to the use of auto- mobiles were not doing more than 50 per cent of the work that they are doing now ; that is, provided we concede that with the automobiles they are doing twice as much as they used to do, so that we either ought to be able to get along, by reason of the use of automobiles, with less men, or at least we ought not to have put on any more men to do the service that we did before we put the automobiles in. The Chairman. In other words, we ought to do the same amount of work with a great many less men? Mr. Sntder. That is exactly the point I wished to make. Mr. Meritt. The work is more efficiently done now with the auto- mobiles than without them. The Chairman. The next item is : For reimbursing Indians for live stock wliicli may be liereafter destroyed on account of being "infected with dourine or other contagious diseases, and for exnenses in connection with the WQrli of eradicating and preventing such dis- eSes to be expenderurder such rules and regulations .s the Secretary of the Interior may prescribe, $50,000. Mr. Meritt. I offer for the record the following justification, Mr. Chairman : Suppressing contagious diseases among live stock of Indians. Fiscal year ending June 30, 1918 : g^g qqq qq Amount appropriated " . — Fiscal year ended June 30, 191T : . ^ g^g ^ Unexpended balance from previous year »|. ^^|- ^^ Amount expended ' , ^ , „ _ 40,068.84 Upexpended balance 30916—17 T 98 INDIAN APPROPEIATION BILL. Analysis of cxpenflitnres: ijegiiliir employees ?1> 013. 40 liT(!^ulnr eii.iployees U. 919» SS Ti-tiveling oxpeiiscs' 40"i. 98 Tniiisijortatioii of siipiilies 8. CS Stationery, printing, ami schoolroom supplies 15.00 Drygooils, subsistence, forage, meUical supplies 1,072.80 Equipment 22G. 3-5 Diseased liorses killed 39, 518. 00 Total 57, 239. 59 One of the most important problems in connection with the supervising and handling of the live stoclc of the Indians is the necessity of protecting the health of the stock and preventing the spread of contagious disease among them. Funds vore npi)ropriated for this purpose dtn-ing tlie last two sessions of Congress. There is a reduction of .$25,000 from last year's appropriation for tliis item. It is believed that the proposed amount, together with the probable balance from last >ear"s appropriation, Avill be sutHcient to prosecute the work during the next fiscal year. The work has been carried on with great diligence, and the territory of the northern agencies seems to luive Iieen successfully covered, unless, of course, nioi'o outbreaks of the disease appear. The number of cases in the Southwest is not so large, but, owing to tlie large area of territory to be covered and the exceeding wild nature of horses and ponies to be captured for the test, the work in that section is dilHcuIt and expensive. Mr. Hayden. I notice you make a reduction of S25,000 in this appropriation over the amount authorized last year? Mr. Mebitt. Yes, sir. Mr. Hayden. Do you think this amount will be sufficient. Mr. Meeitt. With the unexpended balance we will be able to carry on the work satisfactorily. Mr. Hayden. The statement is made in the justification that dourinc has been fairly well eradicated in the NorthAvest; but I know that in the Navajo country a great many horses are still af- fected. Mr. Meritt. It is our purpose to center our efforts in the South- west. We have been devoting most of our efforts heretofore in the Nortliwest because the disease was so prevalent there. Dourine and also the foot-and-mouth disease hav& caused considerable trouble. Mr. Snydee. I notice, Mr. Meritt, a rather unusual thing in this schedule of costs, namely, irregular employees $14,919, and traveling expenses only $4Go.9S. Mr. Meritt. We usually employ people to do this work in the im- mediate ccmmunity where the Avork is to be done, and therefore trav- eling expenses are not very heavy. Mr. Chairman. Can you tell us about how much of this was used for the disease of dourine and how much for other diseases? Mr. Meritt. It would be difficult to segregate that on our books, Mr. Cai-ter. Considerable of this appropriation was used in reim- bursing Indians for diseased horses killed. You notice $39,500 was used for that purpose. Mr. Snyder. Mr. Meritt, can you tell approximately what is allowed to an Indian for a horse that you have been forced t6 kill? Mr. Meritt. We allow him probably not as much as the horse would have sold for if it was not diseased; about 60 per cent of its real value before becoming diseased. Mr. Snyder. Can you give the approximate amount of what the average allowance would be per horse or pony, or whatever it might INDIAN APPEOPSLMION BILL. 99 be ? I would like to Iinow, for my own information, how many hbrses there were lulled, for which this $39,000 was paid. Mr. Meeitt. During the fiscal year ended June 30, 1917, GG7 horses afflicted -with dourine were killed, and $40,G83 was paid to Indians for horses so killed. This is an average of about $61 per horse. The Chairman. Mr. Meritt, since you have $±0,000 of unexpended balance, do you not think you might get along with even less than $50,000 next year? Mr. Meeitt. I notice from last year's bill that the amount is avail- able until expended. We probably could get along with an appro- priation of $35,000, which, with the unexpended balance, would give us $75,000 for next year. The CiiAiRMAx. The next item is as follows : That where restricted Indians are in possession or control of live stock pur- chased for or issued to them by the Government, or the increase therefrom, such stock shall not be sold, transferred, mortgaged, or otherwise disposed of except with the consent in writing of the superintendent or other officer in charge of the tribe to which the owner or possessor of the live stock belongs, and all transactions in violation of this provision shall be void. All live stock belong- ing to restricted Indians and grazed in the Indian country shall be branded with the I. D. or reservation brand of the jurisdiction to which the owners of such stock belong, and shall not be removed from the Indian country except with the consent in wrting of the superiuteudeut or other officer in charge of the tribe to which the owner or possessor of the live stock belongs, or by order of the Secretary of War, in connection with the movement of troops. Every person who violates the provisions of this act. by selling or otherwise disposing of stock, purchasing or otherwise acquiring an interest therein, or by reomving stock from the Indian country, shall be fined not more than $1,000 or less than $500 or imprisoueil not more than one year or less than six months, or both such fine and imprisonment. Mr. Meeitt. We offer for the record the following justification : VBNAI.TY FOK PURCHASE OK SALE OF LIVE STOCK 0¥ INDIANS. Thtire is need for a law imposing a penalty for the ijurchase or sale of live stock of Indians. Such a law would regulate the disposal of stock and other personal property issued to Indians by the United States or purchased for them with trust funds. Heretofore the superintendents have bsen unable to deal satisfactorily with such conditions for the reason that there is no definite regidatiou or law with penalty attached with which to prosecute the offender. Such eases usually stop on recovery of the property, and tlie recovery of the property in many cases is obtained at considerable expense to the Government. It is often the case that an unscrupulous white man will purchase property of this class from an Indian for an insufficient sum or will loan money and take a chattel mortgage and then take the property in possession for failure on the part of the Indian to pay the mortgage when due. This necessitates action by the Department of .Tuslice to recover the property, and its efforts have not always been successful, as the mortgagees have at times disposed of the prop- erty and they themselves are financially irresponsible. Experience has seemed to indicate that some pei-sons make a practice of acquiring this class of property from Indians, probably realizing sufficient from the transactions which are not discovered by the Government officials to more than offset the cases which are discovered, and in which the property is reclaimed. The Government also has found it impossible, under the present fegulatious,' to prevent the Indians from disposing of this property among themselves. If it were a misdemeanor for both the Indian and white man to engage in transaction"^ of this kind, and sufficient penalty attached for violating the law, it would onlv be a short while until cases of this kind would be reduced to a minimum. (See act .Tuly 4, IS84, 23 Stat. L., 180.) 100 INDIAN APPROPRIATION BIlX. ' The Chairsian. Mr. Meritt, let me ask 3'ou what is the present law with reference to the disposal of such property. Mr. Meritt. The present law is found in the act of July 4, 1884 (23 Stat. L., p. 380) . There may be some other laws on the subject that I have not a reference to ; but the general provisions of law permit one Indian to sell to another Indian. Then there is no restric- tion on a mixed-blood Indian who has had his restrictions removed from selling property to white people. Tlieref ore under those condi- tions a mixed^blood Indian who is shrewd at trading can acquire the property of the full blood at considerably less than its value, and then dispose of that property to a white man. As a result, we are not able to protect the Indians who really need protection on the reservation. The Chairman. But can a restricted Indian make a legal transfer of such stock to an unrestricted Indian? Mr. Meritt. Yes, sir ; he can, unless the United States takes a bill of sale for the property. The Chairman. He can sell to an unrestricted Indian the same as he can to a restricted Indian? Mr. Meritt. Yes, sir. The Chairman. Do you not think this situation would be covered by simply preventing the restricted Indian from selling to an un- restricted Indian? In other words, you already have a law to pre- .vent the Indian selling to a white man. Mr. Meritt. The laws are not clear on that, and there have been some court decisions which have not enabled us to protect the In- dians as we should protect them. • The Chairman. I am in sympathy with what you are trying to do for the restricted Indians. If the Government spends restricted funds for property for him, I think the restrictions ought to go with the property, but I think you may have made it a little too drastic here. There are probably some cases which deserve such treatment as that, but you might get an innocent fellow whose intentions are perfectly proper and throw him in jail for a year, which would be a very unjust thing to do. Mr. Hayden. The Indian appropriation act of July 4, 1884, con- tained this provision : That where Indians are in possession or control of cattle or their increase which have been purchased by the Government, such cattle shall not be sold to any person not a member of the tribe to which the owners of the cattle belong or to any citizen of the United States whether intermarried with the Indians or not, except with the consent in writing of the agent of the tribe to which the owner or possessor of the cattle belongs. And all sales made in violation of this provision shall be void and the offending purchaser on convic- tion thereof shall be fined not less than .$500 and imprisoned not less than six months. The law now makes it a crime for a member of a tribe to sell to uny one who is not a member of the same tribe. The Chairman. It makes it possible for a restricted Indian to sell to an unrestricted Indian if he is a member of his tribe. It seems to me the only thing necessary is to provide against restricted In- 'lians selling to unrestricted members of his tribe. INDIAIT APPEOPMATION BILL. 101 T, ^' Hatden. Then there is another provision, section 2138 of the Kevised Statutes, which reads as follows: Every person who drives or removes, except l)y authority of ,m onler hiw- l^^tL !V\ ^' " ^•^'•'•^liV''' ^'* ^^■*''' ^"une-'tea with the moveiDont or sub- fof then V,., T^''•/I"^''''*"^• ^'"■'^^^' °' ''"^^'' ^to'^'^ *■•«»" tUe Indian country foi the puiposes ot trade or commerce, shall be punishable by imprisonment for not more than thi-ee years or by a fine of not more than $5,000, or both. These cattle, if they are purchased by an unrestricted Indian from a restricted Indian, are still in the Indian country, and vou can pre- vent their removal. If the purchaser can not remove them, he can not make any profit out of the transaction. It seems to me that the Indian bervice. therefore, controls the mutter ^vitho^t any necessity for enacting this law. Mr. Meritt. a great many reservations have been allotted and openexi up. They are not like they are in the Southwest, in the JNava]o country. Mr. Hatden. But it has been declared that allotted lands consti- tute Indian country. Mr. Mekitt. So far as the introduction of liquor is concerned. We very much need a law along this line and we would like to have it as stringent as Congress will enact it. The Chairman. The next item is as follows: ARIZONA AND NEW MEXICO. Sec. 2. For support anO civilization of Tudiiuis in Arizona and New Jlexico Including pay of employees, $330,000. Mr. MJEBiTT. Mr. Chairman, I offer for the record the following justification : Support 0/ Indians in Arizona and New Mexico. Fiscal year ending .Tune 1^0, 1918 : Amount apRropriated $330, 000. 00 Fis(!al year ended .June 30. 1917: Amount appropriated 330, 000. 00 -Vmount expended 314, 717. is Unexpended balance 15, 282. 84 Analysis of expenditures: Regular employees 138, 510. 81 Irregular employees 16, 305. 53 Traveling expenses 6. 815. 67 Tran.sportation and supplies 15,415.58 Stationery, printing, and schoolroom supplies 416. 24 Telegraphing and telephoning .504.73 Heat, light, and power, includnig fuel ; 10,365.73 Dry goods, subsistence, forage, medical supplies 65, 165. 42 Equipment .55, 384. 45 IJve stock 725. 00 Water 1, 323. 30 Seed 1,836.50 Miscellaneous 1, 858. gO Total 314, 717. 16 This is the general appropriation ifor tire support and civilization of the Indians in the States of Arizona and New Mexico, and the amount asked for (330,000) is the same as was appropriated last year. There are 20 superin- tendencies in the States named which share in this fund, with a total area of approximately 23.343,035 aci-es. and a total Indian population of 6.5,470, divided as follows : 102 INDIAN APPROPKIATION BILL. Superintcndency. Area. ropulation. Superintendency. Area. Population. Camp Verdo Acres. 238 210,699 1,631,920 518 761,112 13-!,2J0 471,240 2.472,320 3Sl,fi53 873,832 71,691 431 1,207 2,609 173 645 95 627 4,200 6,2.-)3 8,700 1,232 j San Carlos Acres. 1,834,240 155.954 730.940 213,040 13,310,338 2,639 San Xavier 5,112 457 1,803 Jicirilla Leupp 1,538 Kaihab Navajo 12,010 Pueblo Bonito— 2,724 6,334 Pima . . . . Western Navajo 0,51)5 Total 23,343,035 65,470 The IiicUans under the above superintendencies are scattered over a large territory and are chiefly engaged In the raising of cattle and sheep. While some reside in villages or on their allotments and cultivate the soil, a large number are nomadic and are constantly moving their herds from place to place in search of pasturage. Of the many needs of these Indians at the present time, some of the most important are the improvement of the grade of their stock by the introduction of high-bred rams, bulls, and stallions; instruction and training in inoi'e scientific handling and care of their herd and the products thereof; the introduction of improved agricultural implements and methods of (arming; and completion of the fencing of a number of reservations for the protection and control of the Indian grazing lands. This appropriation is (\u'ther used for the payment of salaries to employees, including Indians, in positions which they are competent to fill satisfactorily; physicians and hospital assistants in treating diseases and improving sanitary oanditious among the Indians ; and carpenters, blacksmiths, wheelwrights, sawyers, millers, and other tradesmen in teaching and performing work for the Indians referred to ; and for the purchase and transportation of sub- sistence, clothing, medical supplies, etc., for needy Indians ; forage for agency stock ; impleme-.its, tools and sundry supplies ; fuel and illuminants for the agency ; labor in lieu of rations ; traveling expenses ; etc. This is the same language and the same amotint that has been appropriated for a number of years. It covers the administrative expenses for the Indian agenciss in Arizona and New Mexico. Mr. H\rDEN. You are not asking for an increase? Mr. Meeitt. No, sir; we could use an increase to advantage, but we have kept the items down to the lowest possible amount. Mr. Sn yder. You could not use a decrease 'i Mr. Meeitt. No, sir; we could not get along with a decrease without crippling the service. The Chairman. The next item is as follows: For support and education of two hundred Indian pupils at the Indian school at Fcrt Mojave, Arizona, and for pay of snperiuteudent, $41,300; for general repairs and improvements, .^3,800; in all, $45,100. Mr. Meeitt. Mr. Chairman, I offer for the record the following justification: Indian School, Fort Mojave, Aris. Fiscal year ending June 30, 1918 : Amount appropriated $35, 2OO. 00 Fiscal year ended June 30, 1917: Amount appropriated 35_ lOO.OO Amount expended 27, 708. 45 Unexpended balance > 7_ 39I. 55 >Thls is not a flnnl balance, as there may be outstanding obligations yet to bo charged agamst the appropriation = » j INDIAN APPROPBIATION BILL. 103 Analysis of expenditures: Keguhir employees $10, ITS. f)5 Travel Ins expenses . ' 4-)^ 70 Transportation of supplies 04l! 08 Stationery, printins, and sdioolrooni supplies 204! 09 . Telegi-apliing ami teleplionins 20.09 Heat, liglit, anil power, indudiiis fuel 5, 392! 72 Dry goods, subsistence, forage, medicul supplies 0,018.23 Equipment ^ 914. 91 Miscellaneous . : 30. 18 Total 27, 708. 45 EEPAIES AND IMPBOVEMENTS. Fiscal year ending June 30, 1918: Amount appropriated $3, 800. 00 Fiscal year ended June 30, 1917 : Amount appropriated 3, 800. 00 Amount expended 1, 555. 41 Unexpen^led balance ' 2, 244. 59 Analysis of expenditures : Repair of buildings 1, 555. 41 Statistical statement of year ending June 30, Wn. Value of school plant, real property $83, 525 Number of biiildiugs 20 Number of employees 10 Total salaries $10, G80 Average attendance of pupils 141 Average enrollment 147 Ciipacity 200 Cost per capita, based on average enrollinent ^$197 Cost per capita, based on average attendance $205 Area of scliool land acres— '1,040 Area of scbool land cultivated do 30 Value of products of school (including both materials and labor of employees and pupils) l $783 Value of agricultural products (including products from farm, garden, floriculture, dairy, and stock) $397 Expended of raiscellaneons receipts, cla-ois 4, school.and Indian moneys, proceeds of labor, l'^)rt Ato.iave School $481 Superintendent's estimate of absolute needs for 1919: Support '— $38. 100 Repairs and improvements 3, 800 Indian School, Fort llojave, Ariz., 1019, for improving irrigation system . 4,000 Total 45,900 Requested in proposed bill : Support and education of 200 Indian pupils at the Indian School, Fort a[o,jave, Adiz., and superintendent's salary ! 41. 300 Repairs and improvements 3, 800 Total 45,100 'This is not a linal lialiinco, as there may be oiitstiiiKlins obligations yet to bo ohnrffpfl acralnst the appropriatbm. .. , . ,. ,, = ThP nei- d'em canita cost is now computed upon the averaae enrollment for Ih" cndro flscil vear In compliance with the act of April 'M. 190S (io Stat, h., 70, 7:1), and the act aiinvoved Sent. 7. mif. (.'{n Stat. I... 741.) »191G report did not Include 1,000 acres unused land. 104 INDIAN APPHOPKIATION JJll.l, Salaries, 1918: Superintendent $1, 300 720 720 720 720 660 600 500 720 Financial clerk- Disciplinarian : Teacher Teacher Teacher Matron Assistant matron. Nurse Seamstress $540 Laundress 540 Cook 600 Farmer ^ 720 Engineer '840 Assistant 300 Laborer 300 Total 10, 500 This gehool is located on the Fort Mojave Keservatlon, which contains 31,328 acres none of which is allotted. The amount necessary for the support and education of 200 Indian pupils at the Fort Mojave School, Arizona, and for the salary of the superintendent ($1,300) is $41,300. The amount has been increased over that for the fiscal year 1918 because of present conditions and the Increased cost of supplies. The rate Is uniform with estimates presented for all schools except a few of the larger boarding schools. The item of $8,800 requested for repairs and improvements is the same as for a number of years, and is necessary to keep the plant in repair and to prevent Its deterioration. The boilers in the power house need new tubes ; pumps and engines must have repairs ; painting of buildings can not be deferred ; and floors and porches will have to be repaired, and sidewalks will need to be made. There are 29 buildings which, with improvements, are valued at $83,525. The amount requested for repairs Is a little more than 4.5 per cent of the total value. ' You will note we are asking for a small increase for the support and education of 200 Indian pupils, the amount being increased from $35,200 to $41,300. That is because we are asking for an increase in the per capita from $167 to $200 where there is an enrollment of less than 500 pupils. Where there is an enrollment of 500 or more we are only asking for an increase from $167 to $185. That will be found throughout the bill and I will explain those small increases at this time. Mr. Hatden. I thought you stated the other day that the great difficulty in getting along on a per capita of $167 occurred in schools in the northern country where it was necessary to have more money for fuel and clothing to keep the children warm. I do not think that reason would apply to this school, which is located in a warm climate. Mr. Meri'jt. That would not apply to this school. I made that statement in connection with the closing of certain schools where it was absolutely impossible to conduct them throughout the school ypnv, and the schools we closed were located mostly in the northern country. Mr. Hatden. I have heard that there has been some effort made to remove Indians from the Fort Mojave Indian Reservation to the Colorado River Reservation farther south. Has there been any considerable transfer of Indians from this reservation to the Colo- rado River Reservation? Mr. Meeitt. Very few Indians ha\e gone from this reservation to the Colorado River Reservation. The Indians living on the Fort Mojave Reservation, however, are entitled to an allotment on the Colorado River Reservation, if they will move there. Mr. Hatden. I notice that you have increased the population of the Colorado River Reservation from 500 to 1,300. If that increase has actually taken place, the Indians must have come from some- where, and I wanted to know if they came from this reservation. Mr. Meeitt. They have come from along the valleys of the Colo- rado River Reservation. Under the law Indians living within the iNDIAii^ APtBOPRIATION BILL. 105 valleys of the Colorado Eiver EeserTation are entitled to allot- ments on that reservation provided they will move there. . ^^'/^ 1 ^''^^^•nni^* ^^^^ ^^^'^ actually moved from Fort Moiave to the Colorado River Eeservation, there will not be as many children to attend this school. Mr. Meritt. This is a boarding school and we will have no diffi- culty in hllmg it to its capacity. The Chairman. The next item is as follows:. ^J^Ii «!'??,"''- J""!*'.'^"'''""" "^ *''^'*'" humh-erl Indian pupils at tlie Indian st-nool atThoenix. Arizona, and fof pay of sni^erintendent, $132,000; for general .fepairs and Tmprovements. .nS.SOO: in all. $144..500. . i<- . "' fe«nemi Mn Meeitt. We offer for the record the following justification, Mr. Chan-man: & j , o Indian scJiool, Phoenix, Ariz. Fiscal year ending June .SO. 1918: Amount appropriated ^x\Q, 400. 00 Fiscal year ended June 30. 191Y : Amount appropriated 119.400 00 Amount expended II7" 172 72 Unexpended balance '2 227.28 Analysis qt expenditures : Regular employees 43,940. 80 Irregular employees 1,' 57.3. ig Traveling expenses ' 142! 70 Transportation of supplies 1, 589. 24 Stationery, printing, and schoolroom supplies 2, 614. 53 Telegraphing and telephoning 451. 63 Heat, light, and power. Including fuel 8, 238. 51 Dry-goods, subsistence, forage, medical supi^lies 48,211.27 Seed 574.08 Equipment 8, 869. 50 Live stock 58. 64 Dental work J 341. 50 Water 277. 43 Burial expenses 90. 00 Miscellaneous 379. 74 Total 117, 172. 72 REP.4^IES AND IMPEO^'EMENTS. Fiscal year ending .Tune 30, 1918 : Amount appropriated $12, 500. 00 Fiscal year ended June.30, 1917 : Amount appropriated 12, 500. 00 Amount expended 12, 461. 63 Unexpended balance 38. 37 Analysis of expenditures : Construction of buildings o39. 87 Repair of buildings 11, 904. 96 Traveling expenses 16- 80 Total ^2, 461. 63 ■>■ This Is not a final balance, as there may be outstanding obligations yet to be charged against the appropriation. 106 INDIAN APPROPBIAHON BILL. The amount asked for support of the Phoenix school will provide for the salary of the superintendent and a per cap;ta of $185 for 700 pupils. The full Indian school capacity in Arizona, and in fact a much larger capacity, is needed to provide educational facilities for tlie Indian children of tlie Stale. The scliool plant, exclusive of the East Farm Sanatorium, is valued at $492,031. Many of the buildings are old and worn and constant repairs are required. The $12,500 aslved for repair is the amount previously allowed for the purpose and is very reasonable. Statistical statement for year ending June 30, 1917. Value of school plant ; real property $G20, 031 Number of buildings i 48 Number of employees 50 Total salaries $44, SflO Average attendance of pupils C3l Average enrollment 71G Capacity. . ; , 700 Cost per capita based on average enrollment '$170 Cost per capita based on average attendance $193 Area of school laud acres ICO Area of school land cultivated do '120 Value of products of school '$.5; 094 Value of agricultural products ' $9, 853 Expended also of " Miscellaneous receipts. Class IV " $6, 407 Superintendent's estimate of absolute needs for 1919: Support $119,400 Repairs and improvements 12, 500 New buildings 40, 000 Total 171,900 Amount requested in proposed bill, 1919 : Support and education of 700 Indian pupils at tlie Phoenix Indian School and superintendent's salary $132,000 Repairs and improvements 12, 500 Total Salaries, 1918: Superineudeut $2, 500 • €lerl< 1, 300 Po 900 Assistant clerk 780 Do 900 Physician 1, 600 Disciplinarian 1, 000 Assi.stant disciplinarian 300 Principal teacher 1,200 Teacher 900 810 810 780 750 750 144,500 Do Do Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Matron. 720 720 690 COO 6G0 840 Assistant matron $G00 Do 600 Do GGO Do 600 Housekeeper GOO Do COO j^^urse 720 Seamstress 660 Teacher of domestic art, $72 per month 720 Assistant seamstress 300 Tailor -_ 720 Laundress 600 Assistant laundress 300 Raker 540 Cook GGO Domestic science teacher, $72 per month 720 Hospital cook 000 Farmer 1, 000 Laborer 720 ' Tlic per onplta cost i."! now cninpiitcd upon the average enrollment for the entire year, in eonij)li;in(c with ihe net or Aiir. 30, 1008 (35 Stat. L., 70, 72), and the act approved Kept. I. lOKi (30 Stat. L., 741). -This ilois not Includi' (it acres of pasture at school and sanatorium. 'This IncliMli's both niiitcrlals and lalior of employees and school pupils. *Thls iucludcs products from farm, dairy, garden, floriculture, and stock. INDIAN APPBOPKIAITOK BILL. 107 Assistant engineer $900 Do 300 Bnnd instructor 730 Laborer eoo Do 1 000 Do 000 Assistant 300 Teaclier cOO Dairyman $750 Gardener 1^ 000 Physician, two montlis III" ' i2d Superintendent of industries^ 1 200 Carpenter 1_ 060 Printer 1^ 000 Painter 780 Blaclcsniith 750 Tinner '_ §40 Engineer 1, 100 Teaclier 44,865 We are only asking for an increase from $167 to $185 per capita at this school 'becanse of its enrollment being above 500 pupils. AVe hare 700 pupils at this school. Mr. Hayden. I talked with the superintendent of this school be- fore I left Phoenix, who informed me that he is having great diffi- culty in keeping the kind of teachers and other assistants he wants and in doing the work that ought to be done at this school with the appropriation which has been heretofore made. He asked for an increase in the per capita to $200 per pupil, but I notice the bureau IS only allowing him $185. Mr. Meritt. Yes, sir. Mr. Snyder. What is the reason he is not entitled to $200 if the others are ? Is not this a good school ? Mr. Meeitt. As I explained yesterday, we believe we can get along at these large schools which have an enrollment of 500 or more with a per capita of $185. It will necessarily mean the closest economy, but we did not want to ask for a dollar that we could get along without this year on account of the war conditions. Mr. Hayden, Mr. Meritt, you a^;e not asking for any new construc- tion of any kind ? Mr. Meritt. We are not asking for the construction of any build- ings of any kind at these scliools. Mr. Hayden. For none of the schools? Mr. Meritt. No, sir; I do not recall a single place where we are asking for new construction. The Chairman. The next item is as follows : For support and education of one liundred pupils at the Indian seliool at Truxton Canyon, Arizona, and for pay of superintendent, $21,500; for general repairs and improvements, $3,000 ; iu all, $24,500. Mr. Meritt. We offer for the record the following justification : Indian school, Truxton Canyon, Ariz. Fiscal year ending June 30, 1918: Amount appropriated .flS, 200. 00 Fiscal year ended June 30, 1917 : Amount appropriated 18, 200. 00 Amount expended 16, 905. 31 Unexpended balance ' 1, 234. 69 Analysis of expenditures : Regular employees 8, 400. 21 Irregular employees 176. 74 * This Is not a fln.al balance, as there may be outstanding obligations yet to be charged against the appropriation. 108 INDIAN APPBOPKIATIOK BILL. Analysis of expenditures — Continued. Traveling expenses ra' ko Transportation of supplies , lonni Stationery, printing, and schoolroom supplies 1^^. 51 Telegrapliing and telephoning , ^,i'I? Heat, light, and power, including fuel (41.51 Dry goods, subsistence, forage, medical supplies 6, 814. 27 Equipment ^S^- ^4 Jliscellaneous 16. 50 Total ,-— 16, 965. 31 KEPAIKS AND IMPROVEMENTS. Fiscal year ending June 30, 1918: Amount appropriated ¥3, 000. 00 Fiscal year ended .June 30, 191T : Amount appropriated _ 3.000.00 Amount expended 2, 840. 63 Unexpended balance — ^— _ 159. 37 Analysis of expenditures: Repair of buildings 2, 840. 20 Telegraphing and telephoning . 43 Total 2, 840. 68 The amount of $21,500 is requested for the fiscal year 1019 for the support and education of 100 Indian pupils at the Truxton Canyon School, Ai'izona, and for the superintendent's salary ($1,500). This amount Is based on $200 each for 100 pupils, and is uniform with estimates presented for all except a few of. the larger boarding schools. The plant is estimated at $117,250, and the sum of $3,000 requested for re- pairs and improvements is therefore less than 2.6 per cent of the total value, which is a conservative estimate as compared with up-keep in general. This money is to be used for employment of mechanical labor, and for purchase of material such as lumber, hardware, paint, cement, etc., in addition to work of the pupils in keeping the plant in repair and making necessary improvements. Statistical stal an ait for year ending June 30, 1917. Value of school plant — real property $117, 250 Number of buildings 35 Number of employees 14 Total salaries ^ $8, 850 Average attendance of pupils 101 Average enrollment 105 Capacity 140 Cost per capita based on average enrollment " $162 Cost per capita based on average attendance $170 Area of school lands (acres) 800 Area of school land (acres cultivated) 15 Value of products of school (including both materials and labor of employees and pupils) $456 Value of agricultural products (including products from farm, garden, floriculture, dairy, and stock) $1,607 Expended of " Bliscellaneous receipts. Class IV, school, and Indian moneys, proceeds of labor, Truxton Canyon School " $244 Superintendent's estimate of absolute needs ■ for 1919 : Support $25,360 Repairs and improvements 4, 000 Total , 29, 360 ' TKe per capita cost is now computed upon the average enrollment for iho entire fiscal year in compliance with the act of Apr. 30, 1908 (35 Stats. L., 70, 72) and the act ap proved Sept. 7, 1916 (35 St.it. L., 741). INDIAN APPROPRIATION BIIJ. 109 , Requested In proposed bill : Support and edncation of 100 luOian pupils at the Indian school, Truxton Canyon, Ariz., and superintendent's salary $21, 500 Repairs and improvements S, 000 24,500 Laundress ■Cook General mechanic- Engineer Laborer Assistant $600 600 900 900 540 300 Total Salaries, 1918: Superintendent $1, 500 Financial clerk 720 Teacher 720 Teacher 600 Klndergartner 630 Matron fiOO Assistant matron 300 Seamstress 600 Total 9,510 Mr. Hayden. What is the number of pupils actually in attendance at Truxton Canyon ? Mr. Meriti'. The average attendance of pupils, 101 ; the average enrollment, 105 ; the capacity, 140. Mr. Hayden. I passed by that school two years ago, and, to my sur- prise, the superintendent said he could get along very well with the amount then appropriated. He was not asking for any increase. That was the only place where such a statement was made during my visit to any of the Indian educational institutions in Arizona. But I notice you are estimating now for an increase in the per capita cost from $167 to $200. Mr. Mekitt. Yes, sir. Mr. Hatden. You are of the opinion that this school could not get along with $185 per capita the same as the others? Mr. Meeitt. I do not believe they could get along under present prices. Mr. Hayden-. Did the superintendent at Tiuxton Canyon ask tor this increase, or did you just make it on general principles? Mr. Meritt. "We made'them uniform throughout the Indian service. In all schools with less than 500 enrollment we asked for $200. In the schools with an enrollment of 500 or more we asked for $185 per Mr. Haydek. Did you do that regardless of the fact of whether or not the superintendent himself asked for an increase ? ATr ATeritt "yes sii*> Mr*. Hayden. Do' you happen to know whether this superintendent in his estimates asked for more money? , ^^, „^„ j n j Mr. MEErrr. The superintendent requested $25,360 and we allowed him $21,500. . ^, Mr. Hayden. So he has changed his mind '. ■ a f Mr. MEErrr. The present high prices have changed the mmds ot a number of the superintendents. The Chairman. The next item is as follows : For continuing: the work of fonstructing thf- irriRation system for the irriga- tion of the lands of the Pima Indians in the vicinity of Sacaton, on the Gila River Indian Eeservatlon, within the limit of cost fixed by the act of March mrrf nineteen hundred and five, $5,000; and for maintenance and operation of Kumpfngplants and canal systems, $10,000; in all, $15,000 reimbui^able as TOoS in section two of the act of August twenty-fourth, nineteen hundred and tweWe (Thirty-seventh Statutes at Large, page five hundred and twenty-two), and to remain available until expended. 110 INDIAN APPEOPBIATION BILL. Mr. Meritt. Mr. Chairman, we offer for the record the following justification : Maintenance and operation, irrigation system, Pima Indian lands, Arlgnna (reimbursable). Fiscal year ending June 30, 1918 : Amount appropriated $10, 000. 00 Fiscal year ended .Tune 30, 1917: Amount appropriated 10, 000. 00 Amount expended 4, 093. 05 Unexpended balance 5, 906. 95 Analysis of expenditures: Kegular employees 2, 892. 83 Irregular employees 226. 73 Traveling expenses 10. 00 Transportation of supplies 98. 13 Heat, light, and power, including fuel 4.53.93 Equipment 409. 93 Miscellaneous 1. 50 Total 4, 093. 05 Indian tribes, Pima. Number of Indians, 1.000. Area of reservation, 360,000 acres. Area of irrigable land under constructed works, 4,000 acres. Area actually irrigated, 3,960 acres. Area of irrigable land under project, 7,780 acres. Area of irrigable laud cultivated by Indiaus, 3,960 acres. Area of irrigable land cultivated by lessees, none. Cost of construction to June 30, 1917, .$440,561.70. Cost of operation, maintenance, and misoellaueous to June 30, 1917, $21,269.78. Estimated additional cost to complete, $180,000. Estimated cost of construction per acre when completed, $78. Average value of irrigated lands per acre, $200. Average annual precipitation, 9 inches. Source of water supply, wells and Gila River. JIarket for products, local and general ; excellent. Distance from railroad, 8 to 15 miles. IJocenlly quite an area of new laud has been leased, and it is proposed to extend the laterals over this land. The $5,000 required for construction pur- poses will be used for this work. Ten thousand dollars will be required for maintenance and operation, including the purchase of electricity, which is sup- plied from the Salt River reclamation project, necessary canal patrol and opera- tion, and for the purchase of necessary supplies and machinery for the upkeep of the system. Mr. Hayden. 1 notice you reduce the amount required for new construction from $10,000 to $5,000. Is that by reason of the fact you are about through with all the construction work which is nec- essary to be done? Mr. Meeitt. We thought wc could get along for the next fiscal year with that amount. The project, of course, is not completed. It is expected the project will require about $180,000 to complete; to construct all of the laterals, etc. The Indians on that reservation, as you know, Mr. Hayden, are making splendid use of the water and the irrigation facilities which have been supplied them. They are growing what is known as Pima cotton and they are getting as high as 80 cents a pound for it. INDIAN APPEOPKIATION BILL. Ill Mr. Hayden. And that is the project about which there vras so much complaint .some years ago in reference to the alkali in tho water pumped from the wells? Mr. Meuitt. Yes, sir. Mr. Snydeb. What is that you say they are getting 80 cents a pound for? Mr Meritt. That is what is called Pima cotton. Tho Chairman. Is that Egyptian cotton? Mr. Meritt. Under this appropriation of $15,000 for experimental work, the Department of Agriculture, in cooperation with the In- dian Bureau, started an experimental farm on the Pima Eescrva- (ion, and they have developed this cotton. It is now known as Pima cotton because it was first introduced on the Pima Indian Reserva- tion, and the automobile tire people are going into that country and leasing lands by the thousands of acres and spending millions of dollars in developing work and in cotton growing. It is getting to be one of the great industries of the southwest. Mr. Sntder. Do you loiow anything about the staple of the cot- ton ? Is it long and silky ? Mr. Hayden. This variety of cotton was brought from Egj'pt about 10 years ago by a representative of the Department of Agri- culture, who selected the best seed obtainable in Egypt. They planted it at the Sacaton experiment station and bred it up until they ob- tained a vmiform staple an inch and- a half long. That was known as the Yuma variety of Egyptian cctton. Then, in the last two years they continued to breed it up until they obtained the Pima variety, ~ which has a staple If inches long. This improved type of cotton is better than anything ever grown in Egypt and is the result of years of selective breeding at Sacaton. The Chairman. The staple is more than the average length of the cotton grown in the South. Mr. Smyder. That is about seven-eighths of an inch. The Chairman. When it is seven-eighths inch long it gets to be staple cotton. Under seven-eighths inch cotton is not staple cotton. Mr. HAroEN. The introduction of Egyptian cotton has been of immense benefit to the whole Southwest. In the Salt Eiver Valley this year about 40,000 acres of that cotton was planted and next year the acreage will increase to approximately 100,000 acres. This new industry has been of immense benefit to the Indians. They not only have planted it on their own lands, but many Indian families from the Pima, Papago, and other reservations go mto tie Salt Eiver Valley to pick this cotton for the white farmers. They are receiving 3 cents per pound for picking it, and the ordinary person can pick from 90 to 100 pounds per day, so that the Indians get good pay^or this work. It has done more to promote the prosperity of the Indians in Arizona than anything ever done before. The Chairman. That is almost as much as the southern larmers used to receive from the sale of their cotton. What is it used for? ^Mr" a^YDEN. Some of it is used by the thread companies It is u«!pd where ereat tensile strength is required, as in automobile tires nnd fire hose The automobile-tire manufacturers are unable now to obtain this grade of cotton from Egypt owing to the activities of ^12 INDIAN APPEOPKIATIOlSr BILt. the German submarines in the Mediterranean Sea, so they have gone to Arizona and done everything possible to promote the cultivation of this cotton. Mr. Snyder. The staple has great strength, has it not ? Mr. Hayden. Yes. The Chairman'. What is the average production per acre? Mr. Hayden. It will run close to three-foUrths of a bale per acre. That is for the average farmer, but there are some farmers who are growing a bale to the acre. Mr. Snyder. When Me used to pay 6 or 7 cents per pound for southern cotton, we paid 16 cents per pound for Egyptian cotton. Mr. Church. Is it grown anywhere else? Mr. Hayden. This variety of cotton was first developed in Egypt, and it will only grow in a very warm climate under irrigation. It can be grown at yuma, in the Salt River Valley,- in the Gila Valley, and in-the Imperial v' alley of California, and on the Colorado River Indian Reservation. The Chairman. Is it confined to the valleys? Mr. Hayden. I was told that some of it was planted at an alti- tude 2,000 feet higher than the Sacaton experiment station, but that they did not get a full crop because of the season being shorter at the higher altitude. The Chairman. Has the boll weevil attacked it ? Mr. Hayden. No, sir ; and every precaution possible is being taken to prevent the introduction of that insect. Mr. Snyder. It is a very important product and it ought to, be encouraged in every possible way. Mr. Hayden. The people of the entire Southwest are under the greatest obligations to the Federal Government for the money ex- pended in conducting the experiments that have developed this new industry. Mr. Church. Is the fact that this cotton grows so well in Arizona due to the fact that it grows in a section where nothing else grows ? Mr. Hayden. No. Upon the other hand, it is having an ill effect on other industries. For instance, the dairy industry, which grew to great proportions in that country, is being greatly handicapped because the people, on account of the enormous profits to be made, are plowing up their alfalfa fields and planting the land to Egyptian cotton. Mr. Meritt. We are making arrangements now to lease quite a large area of these lands on the Indian reservations for cotton-grow- ing purposes. Mr. Hayden. I understand that on the Gila Indian Reservation some people propose to spend considerable sums of money in at once developing an underground water supply so that they may grow this cotton while it is bringing a war price. When the leases expire the wells and improved lands will be turned over to the Indians as agri- cural allotments. Mr. Meritt. Commissioner Sells was on this reservation this last summer and gave this matter his personal attention, and Farm Su- pervisor Thackary has also given it considerable attention, and we hope to get an increased acreage in cultivation on that reservation, next year. INDIAN APPKOPEIATION BILL. 113 The Chaikjian. The next item is as follows: For the construction of necessary channels and laterals fur the utilization Of water m connection with the pumping yilaut for irrigation purposes and for the installation of additional pumping machinery on the Colorado River Indian Reservation, Arizona, t.s provided in the act uf April fourth, nineteen hundred and ten (Thirty-sixth Statutes at Large, page two hundred and seventy -three), for the purpose of securing an appropriation of water for the irrigation of ap- proximately one hundred and fifty thousand acres of land, and for the conduct of surveys, preparation of plans and estimates for a complete irrigation system to supply the aforesaid area, which plans and estimates shall he emb(Xlied in a report with recommendations as to the most feasible and desirable irrigation system, and submitted to Congress prior to December first, nineteen hundred and eighteen, $100,000, to be immediately avaiUible, and for maintaining and operating the pumping plant, canals, and structures $20,000 ; in all. $120,000, re- imbursable as provided in said act, and to reniuin available until expended. Mr. Meritt. I offer for the record the following justification: Irrigation, Colorado River Reservation, Ari::. {reimbursable). Fiscal year ending June 30, 1918 : Amount appropriated $15, 000. 00 Fiscal year ended June 30, 1917 : Unexpended balance from previous years 806. .56 Amount appropriated 15, 000. 00 Total 15, 806. 56 Amount expended 15, 466. 33 ITnexpended balance 340. 23 Analysis of expenditures : Regular employees 5, 430. 21 Irregular employees 4, 882. 17 Repairs and rent of buildings 105.34 Traveling expenses 101- ^^ Transportation of supplies 1. 535. 36 Heat, light, and power, including fuel 1. 131. 21 Drygoods, subsistence, forage, medical supplies 1. 703. 95 Equipment '^^^^ °^ Miscellaneous — '" Total 15, 466. 33 IKKTGATION COLORADO Kn'EK liVUIAN BESERV.VTlON, $120,000. Indian tribes. Mohave and Chemehuevi. Number of Indians on reservation, 1,300. Area of reservation, 240,640 acres. Area of irrigable land under constructed works, 3,500 acres. Area actuallv irrigated, 2,432 acres. Area of irrigable land under project, 10,000 acres. \rea of irrigable land cultivated by Indians, 1,427 acres. Area of irrigable land cultivated by lessees, 1,005 acres. Cost of construction to June 30, 1917, .$117 469.18. „n iqi7 *r.,4S0lS Cost of operation, maintenance, and miscellaneous to June 30, 1917, $.jU,4SU.lh. Estimated additional cost to complete, $150,000. , ^ , „„„ Estimated cost of construction per acre when completed, $^7. Average value of irrigated lands per acre, $150. Average annual precipitation, 4 inches. to Source of water supply, Colorado River. Set for products local and general, good. Distance from railroad, 1 ^^h'e^OTesent irrigati.m system consists of a pumping Plant with a capacity of 6^000 acres and a contemplated maximum capacity of 10,000 acres. The 30916—17 8 114 INDIAN APPEOPKIATION BILL. land is very valuable, because of its adaptability for tbe growth of Pima cotton. > \ \ v Recently long-term leases have been closed for 3,000 acres of the allotments of minors, with a view to having the land brought under cultivation at the earliest practicable date. The irrigation of all the irrigable lands on the reservation, totaling 150,000 acres, contemplates a gravity system of large proportions. Inasnuich as the reservation comprises a part of the very limited area within the United States where Pima cotton can be grown, and because of the necessity of making an early appropriation of the necessary water from the Colorado Itiver, it is desirable to bring it under cultivation as early as practicable ; hence the provision in this estimate of funds for the conduct of surveys and prep;i- ration of plans and estimates for this work. In the meantime it is desired to install an additional pump and engine in order to bring the aforesaid 10,000 acres under irrigation, and to provide against the calamity to farmers under the project which could ensue should a serious breakdovru occur while there is but one unit available. Funds are also required for the purchase of fuel and supplies for the operation and maintenance of the power plants and the canal system, comprising some 39 miles of laterals and ditches. The maintenance cost of the ditches is comparatively high, owing to the great amount of silt suspended in the Colorado Iliver which, being deposited 'In the ditches, neces- sitates frequent cleaning. Mr. Hatdsn. I am glad to see that the Indian Office has at last found it possible to make a recommendation in the estimates looking to the development of the resources of this reservation. For the past live years I have b3€n trying to induce the Indian Bureau to devise some feasible plan whereby the lands of the Colorado Iliver Indian Reservation might be brought under cultivation. There is a no more fertile area in the whole United States, but practically no use is be- ing made of it. Lands which will produce Egyptian cotton and other crops of like value are now so important that they ought not to be allowed to remain uncultivated. I am glad indeed to see that the department has at last realized the necessity for taking some active step in that direction. Mr. Meritt, how much of this $120,000 is to be expended for the installation of additional pumping machinery and how much for investigations, surveys, the preparation of plans, etc., for the completed project? How do you propose to divide the money ? Mr. Meeitt. That has not been definitely divided yet, but we think that probably $15,000 or $20,000 will be expended for pumping ma- chinery and the other for the investigations. Mr. Hatden. Well, if there are 150,000 acres in the project and you use $75,000 for investigations, that would be at the rate of about 50 cents per acre. You will probably need that much money. Do you think you will need more than that amount? Mr. Meeitt. I think we can get along with the amount that is requested. Mr. Sktdee. You can get along with it and push it as fast as you think it is expedient to do it? Mr. Meeitt. Yes, sir. We are going to begin active development work on this reservation and try to get as much of the land under cultivation as possible. Mr. Hatden. I am glad the Commissioner of Indian Affairs went out and looked at this project himself, because no man can go there without seeing the valuable resources that are now going to waste. He saw a body of rich land on the bank of a great river and has now recommended that an appropriation be made to ascertain the most practicable plan that will bring this area under cultivation. I want to ask another question. You state in this tabulation that INDIAN APPBOPBIATION BILL. 115 there are 1,300 Indians on the reservation. Are you positive that there are that number of Indians living there now? Mr. Mekitt. They may not ba living on the reservation, but they are entitled to live there.. There may be some not on the reserva- tion now who are living elsewhere temporarily, but we expect to allot at least that number on the reservation. Mr. Hayden. How many acres do you allot to each Indian? Mr. Meeitt. I think we are allotting 10 acres. Mr. Hayden. That would men that you propose to allot the In- dians 13,000 acres of land on the reservation? Mr. Mebitt. Thirteen thousand acres of land. Wc propos3 to allot each Indian who is entitled to allotment 10 acres on that reservation. Mr. Hayden. And you estimate that there will be 1,300 Indians entitled to allotments? Mr. Meeitt. Yes, sir. Mr. Hayden. I notice that heretofore provision has been made for the 500 Indians who are actually living there. Where are the addi- tional Indians to come from ? Mr. Meeitt. There are a number of Indians in the Colorado Val- ley Mho are entitled to allotments on this reservation. Mr. Hayden. Are you allotting them without their consent? Mr. Meeitt. No, sir. Mr. Hayden. I know, as a matter of fact, that a number of the Indians who reside on the Colorado Eiver and its tributaries would not live in the lower part of the. valley. The Wallapais were once sent there as prisoners of war, but they all escaped as quick as they could. It would be a vain and useless thing to give them allotments that they will not use. It is as hopeless to expect a pine tree, trans- planted from a high altitude, to grow at the agency near Parker as it is to kecD an Indian from the mountains on the r8s?rvatioii. Mr. Meeitt. There have been only about 500 Indians on that reservation. Mr. Hayden. I was told at Yuma that certain Cocopah Indians, residents and citizens of old Mexico, who came into the United States to work on farms in the Yuma Valley, were approached by the In- dian superintendent and told that he would see that they were allotted lands on the Colorado Eiver Reservation, which is about 75 miles from where they were then working. I was told that some of thes3 Mexican Cocopahs were induced to accept allotments. Mr. Meritt. I have no information en that subject. Mr. Hayden. It seems to me that we have plenty to do to take care of the Indians now in the United States without going into old Mexico to find other wards for the Government. I shall be very much obliged if you would look into the facts and let us know the (ruth about this matter. Mr. Meeitt. I shall be glad to do so. The CiTAiEiNEAN. The next item is as follows: For improvement and sinking of wells, installation of jmraping machinery, construction of tanks for domestic and stock water, and for tlie necessary structures for tiie development and distribution of a supply of water, and for maintenance and operation of constructed works, for Papago Indian village.«i lu soutlieru Arizona, $20,000. 116 IN^DIAN APPROPRIATION BILL. Mr. Meritt. I offer for the record the following justification : Water supph/, Pa.pago Indian villages, Arts. Fiscal yenr ending June 30, 1918 : Amount appropriated $20,000.00 Fiscal yejir ended June 30, 1917: Amount appropriated 20, 000. 00 Amount expended 19, 040. 93 Unexpended balance 959. 07 Analysis of expenditures : Regular employees 3, 556. 47 Irregular employees ^ 2. 716. 39 Construction of buildings 3,686.29 Repairs and rent of buildings 65. 75 Traveling expenses 239. 34 Transportation of supplies 1, 381. 25 Heat, light, and power, including fuel 501.42 Equipment 6, 888. 32 Jliscellaneous 5. 70 Total 19. 040. 93 Indian tribes. Papago. Number of Indians on reservation, 5.000. Area of reservation, 2.926,080 acres. Estimated number of cattle owned by Indians, 20,000. Number of villages already benefited. 14. Number of additional villages requiring a water supply, 9. Cost of construction to .Tune 30, 1917, $65,788.17. Cost of maintenance and operation to .Tune 30. 1917, $7,355.86. The principal requirement of the Papago Indians, whose occupation is stock farming, is an adequate supply of water for domestic and stock purposes, to supplant the undependable and unheal thful pools, upon which they have been obliged to depend. The annual drying up of these pools has caused extensive losses of cattle. This requirement is being met by the sinking of wells and the distribution of water therefrom. You will note from the justification that we have been supplying 14 villages already with water and expect to supply 9 additional vilages. Mr. Hayden. How many wells have been sunk altogether? Mr. Meritt. Fifteen. Mr. Ha-sden. I notice that there is practically no unexpended balance. Mr. Meritt. No, sir; we have utilized practically this entire ap- propriation. Mr. Hayden. I judge from the analysis of expenditures that you have purchased a well-drilling outfit, and that the outfit travels from place to place sinking wells ? Mr. Meritt. Yes, sir. Mr. Hayden. Do you keep the well drillers busy all the time? Mr. Meritt. Yes, sir; we are very active in that work. The Chairman. The next item is as follows : To enable the Seci-etary of the Interior to carry into efCect the provisions of the sixth article of the treaty of June first, eighteen hundred and sixty-eight,' iK'twcen the United States and the Nava.lo Nation or Tribe of Indians, pro- claimed August twelfth, eighteen hundred and sixty-eight, whereby the United States agrees to provide school facilities for the children of' the Navaio Tribe of Indinns. $100,000; Provided, That the said Secretary may expend said funds, m his discretion, in establishing or enlarging dav or industrial schools IIs'DIAN APPKOPBIATION BILL. 117 Mr. Meritt. I offer for the record the following justification: Fulfilling treaties with Navajoes, Schools, Ariz. Fiscal year eucUng June 30 1918 : Amount appropriated $100, 000. 00 Fiscal year eudetl June 3, 1917: Amount appropriated '. lOO, 000. 00 Amount expended 47^ 777 gl Unexpended balance ' 52, 222. 19 Analysis of expenditures : Regular employees 325. OO Irregular employees 2. 50 Construction of buildings 38, .509. 66 Repairs and rent of buildings 3,906.9.5 Traveling expenses 383. 30 .Telegraphing and telephoning .28 Dry goods 56. 86 Equipment 4, 539. 31 Miscellaneous 53. 95 Total 47, 777. 81 The .$100,000 appropriated for the fiscal year 1917 was used largely in coni- pletin.g increases in capacity begun during the previous year. Work on the dormitory at Leupp was completed; also the dairy barn at Nava.jo. Equip- ment made necessary by the enlargement of the Pueblo Bonito iind Western Navajo schools was supplied. A day school having a capacity of 30 pupils has been erected and equipped under the jurisdiction of the Pueblo Bonito school, and a new schoolhouse with a capacity of 300 pupils has been constructed at Tohatchi undei* the Navajo jurisdiction. A corresponding increase in the capacity of the other departments of this school from 1918 funds is con- templated. Plans for providing additional educational facilities for Navajo children •luring 1917 included an increase in the capacity of .the Pueblo Bonito boarding school from 180 to 300 pupils; however, contract for this work was not exe- cuted prior to the close of the fiscal year, and almost the entire amount In- volved. .$.53,780. lapsed, it being too late to expend the funds elsewhere. It is planned to do this work from 1918 funds. The following table .shows the number of children oh the various Navajo Reservations who are eligible for attendance at school, the capacity of all schools, including Government, mission, and public schools, and the number of eligible children not in school. The table does not include the Navajo children under the jurisdiction of the aioqui school. School. Leupp Navajo Western Navajo . Pueblo Bonito... San Juan Total Eligible EUgible Capacitv children children. of schools. not in school. 674 183 425 4.064 1.076 2,871 820 373 569 1903 210 705 2,383 230 2.072 8,744 2,072 6.642 ' Estimated. With over 6,000 children out of school on the Navajo Reservation, the need for additional school facilities is apparent. On account of the character of I This amount represents a contract for buildings at the Pueblo Bonito School which was not executed prior to the close of the fiscal year. There may be outstanding obliga- tions yet to be charged against this balance. 118 INDIA^r APPKOPBIAXION" BILL. the country, and the fact that the mnin industry is sheep raising, it will be necessary in most cases to provide boarding schools. Tlie families follow their flocks in search of pasture and water, and the cliildren must either go with tlieni or be left in a boavding school. A complete and accurate census has not been taken, and the figures as to population are largely estimated. This is the same amount and the same language that has been carried in the bill fcj- several years. Mr. Hatden. That xS a treaty item? Mr. Meeitt. Yes, sir; I might say that we have 8,744 eligible Indian children, and we have school capacity for only 2,072, leaving 6,642 children not provided with school facilities. Mr. H.AYDEN. To my personal knowledge, there are no Indians in the United States who are in greater need of school facilities than the Navajcs, and I am glad to see money expended in that direction. Mr. Snydek. There is no increase here? Mr. Hatden. No; it is a treaty item, and they make the amount the same. There. has been some delay in starting this work; but thev are catching up now, and the sooner they do it, the better it will be for the Indians. The Chairman. The next item is as follows : For continuing the development of a water supply for the Nava.1o Indians, $30,000, to be immediately available, reimbursable out of any funds of said Indians now or hereafter available. Mr. Meeitt. I offer the following justification for the record : Water supply, Navajo Indians, Arisona (reimbursahle) . Fiscal year ending June 30, 1918 : Amount appropriated $2.5, 000. 00 Fiscal year ended June 30, 1917: Unexpended balance from previous years C, 74.5. S3 Amount appropriated 25, 000. 00 Total 31. 74.-). S3 Amount exjiended 31, 201. 8G Unexpended balance 543. 97 Analysis of expenditures: Kegular employees 0, 01C. 00 Irregular employees 14, 191. 93 Itent of buildings 24.00 Traveling expenses '. 357. 03 Transportation of supplies 1,600.17 Heat, light, and power, including fuel 93. 03 Equipment 8, 911. 74 Miscellaueous , . 70 31, 201. 80 Indian tribe.s, Navajo and Hopi. Number of Indians on reservation, 27,711. Area of reservation, 11. 970,083 acres. Estimated number of sheep, goats, horses, and cattle, 2,000,000. Number of wells drilled, 189. Cost of operations to June 30, 1917, $171,347.39. Tli.e Navii.ios are essentially sheep raisers, but the precarious supply of water has hindered them in the development of this industry and there are yet large area of tl'eir innnense reservation which are almost useless for grazing purposes becauFe of the lack of water. It is the purpose to overcome this condition by drilling wells throughout the reservation. So far 189 wells have beeu drilled; INDIAN APPEOPKIATION BILL. 119 the TnllHnJ'if.v^^^^^^''''^'^''^ "? ^"'"^""ty ^I'l finality of water. Novortheless, nm,f^ <« lii , -If "."' "i-e taking such an interest in tl.i.s woric, becauso -tream bank of the supply ditch was breached in two places, and all the riprapping in the ditch adjacent to the head gate structure destroyed for all practical purposes. The crest of the flood completely covered the heajcl-gate structure and deposited thereon a log about 2 feet in diameter and nearly 30 feet long. At times the water in the channel of the wash was slopping over the crib dam threatening its destruction. A considerable amount of water flowed around the east end of the crib dam. The auxiliary crib immediately below the main crib was undermined and all the rock tilling carried away. This was caused by the water pouring over the fnd of the concrete wing wall flanking the crib dam, and from the backwash from the main channel. The flood, after breaching the banks, deposited from 1 to 3 feet of silt and debris in the supply ditch connecting the headworks and the reservoir. This ditch was bank full and running over, and in three hours, the duration of the flood, raised the reservoir level 1 foot. The camp buildings had from 1 to 2 feet ■of water in them and some of the cement stored in the shop was spoiled. On the ditch line from the reservoir to the farms damage was confined to two iilaces. At about station 15, where the ditch closely followed the bank of the wash, the protective riprap was partially carried away and the bank of the wash eroded, part of the latter developing a slip or slide. The ditch itself was not breached, but a protective cribbing and riprap are necessary here. At flinne No. 3 the flood lowered the channel of the wash about 3 feet. The prctective crib around the piers supporting the lower or south end to the truss w!is cjiir'od away. It seems that the battering of the great number of logs and trees carried by the flood has shifted one of the piers very slightly. The footing of the piers should be carried down farther and another protective crib built. Temporary repairs were made immediately sufficient to allow water to run in the ditch, aud work was resumed on the storage dam, which was to be finished to the 19-foot elevation and the entire inner slope riprapped. Earthwork was continne:l UJ^til the e-id of November, when the ground froze too hard to do any further work, but a force was continued quarrying rock and placing the riprap. * * * During the night of February 27 the outlet tower and gate of the reservoir were wrecked by ice. Tl-e ('.amage was not done by broken ice, but the entire ice sheet of the lake which was over 12 inches in thickness became detached from the shore line its entii-e circumference by melting, and during the night this entire mass was nlo^ea by a high wind against the dam and the tower, entirely wrecking the latter. (Jrenl blocks of ice were crowded up the banks to a height of over 3 feet above the water elevation. The escaping water did some damage, but nothing niateri:il. Some movement of the ice around the lower was anticipated, and to prevent any d mage the ice was kept cut awa> from the vicinity of the tower for a number of feet, but after the ice mass became detached from the shore the tower was standing in open water. INDIAN APPKOPEIAXION BILL. 123 Mr. SxTDEB. I notice you say part of the injury was caused by ice. Do they have muoh ice out in that countiy? Mr. Hatden. This project is located iii a high altitude. Mr. Meritt. Yes, sir ; it is up in the mountains, and it is iirobably 6,000 feet there. Mr. Hayden. Yes; practically that; and it gets very cold in winter. Mr. Meritt. I was in Arizona last May, and was very much sur- prised to find snow on the ground along the Santa Fe road. Mr. Snyder. This is an increase of $20,000. Mr. Meritt. Yes, sir; that increase is made necessary by reason of the injury the project has received by those floods. Mr. Hayden. You could have completed the project within the amount of the original estimate but for the flood damage? Mr. Meritt. Yep sir. Mr. Hayden. And without this additional expenditure, will what we have done be worth anything? Mr. Meritt. It will be practically worthless without the increased appropriation. The Chairman. The next item is as follows : For completing the construction by the Indian Service of a dam with a bridge superstructure and the necessary controlling works for diverting water from the Gila River for the irrigation of Indian land and Indian allotments on the Gila River Indian Reservation, Arizona, as recommended by the Board of En- gineers of the United States Army In paragraph two hundred and seventeen of its report to the Secretary of War of February fourteenth, nineteen hundred and fourteen (House Document Numbered Seven hundred and ninety-one), ^50,000, to be immediately available and to remain available until expended, reimburs- able as provided in section two of the act of August twenty-fourth, nineteen hundred and twelve (Thirty-seventh Statutes at Large, page five hundred and twenty-two) : Provided, That the limit of cost of the said dam and bridge fixed by the act of May eighteenth, nineteen hundred and sixteen (Thirty-ninth Stat- utes at Large, page one hundred and thirty), is hereby changed from §200,000 to $250,000. Mr. Meritt. Mr. Chairman, the following justification is offered in support of this item : Diversion dam, Gila River Reservation, Arix. (reimhursaUe) . Fiscal year ending June 30, 1918: Amount appropriated ^^j-o, uu u. uu Fiscal year ended June 30, 1917 : ^^ Amount appropriated- '-J- ^^l''- ";? Amount expended •'•'"^- '*'' Unexpended balance —Zllfl^i-^ Analysis of expenditures: ^ Regular employees '^'^■^: -^ Traveling expenses ^- ^V Stationery, printing, and schoolroom supplies - '"■ Total 554.49 iqie (39 Stat 123-130). Since the original plans .^n^ There is no question about the feasibility of the proj- ect and about the low cost per acre. The only complaint I have heard is that the Indian Office has been very slow about doing anything. Somebody from the Indian Office would stray into that country and talk in a general way to the settlers about something that ought to be done, and then go away. They would hear n0ihmg_ about it for several months, and then somebody else would come again, but with- out a definite plan. Evidently there has not been sufficient energy used in pushing the work to a conclusion. The Chairman. I notice that the estimate is decreased $100,000 from the appropriation last year. Mr. Hafdex. The explanation of that is simple— $100,000 was ap- propriated for the completion of the diversion dam. That will be done and then this $75,000 Avill be used to carry on the construction of the canal. The Chairman. I do not think it will take very much argument to convince the committee that that ought to be done. Mr. Snyder. Is it now the policy of your office to go right ahead with this work ? Mr. Meritt. Yes, sir. Mr. Snyder. And your agreements are such that you now can take up the work immediately ? . , , . Mr. Meritt. I think we can begin the construction work this winter. Mr. Snyder. You say you think you can? _ Mr. Meritt. I am quite sure we will begin construction work at a very early date. . . . ^. ■ . j.. The Chairman. Mr. Meritt, this is ah irrigation project; are these funds reimbursable? Mr. Meritt. Yes, sir; and there IS ample property. , . ,, The Chairman. Then the word " reimbursable ought to be m the appropriation, although T presume the act makes it reimbursable. 128 INDIAN APPROPKIATION" BILL. Mr. Hayden. The language is " as provided in the Indian appro- priation act approved May 18, 1916." The Chairman. I think perhaps we should insert the word " re- imbursable " after the figures " 75,000." Mr. Hayden. Or else have it read " reimbursable as provided in the. Indian appropriation act approved May 18, 1916." The Chairman. Yes. (The committee thereupon took a recess until Friday, December 7, 1917, at 10 o'clock a. m.) House op Representatives, SuBCOMMITrEE OF THE COMJMITTEE ON InDIAN AjTAIRS, Monday^ December 10, 1917. The subcommittee this day met, Hon. Charles D. Carter (chair- man) presiding. STATEMENT OF MR. EDGAR B. MERITT. ASSISTANT COMMISSIONER OF INDIAN AFFAIRS— Resumed. Mr. Hayden . The next item is : For enlarging the irrigation system for tlie Irrigation of Indian lands, for protective works to prevent damage to irrigable lands by floods, and for devel- opment of domestic water supply on the Papago Indian Reservation, In Arizona, ii) accordance with the plans and specifications submitted by tlie chief engi- neer of the Indian Service and approved by the Commissioner of Indian Affairs and the Secretary of the Interior, and substantially as described in Senate Document Numbered Nine hundred and seventy-three, Sixty-second Congress, third session, $40,000, to remain available until expended : Provided, That the cost of said project shall be reimbursed to the United States in accordance with such rules and regulations as the Secretary of the Interior may prescribe : Provided furtlier, That the total cost of said project shall not exceed $150,000, Mr. Meritt. I offer for the record the following justification : IKRIGATION, PAPAGO EBSKEVATION, AEIZ., $40,000. Indian tribes, Papago. * Number of Indians on reservation, 700. Area of reservation, 69,200 acres. Area of irrigable land under constructed works, 1,250 acres. Area actually irrigated, 1.2.'iO acres. Area of irrigable land under project, 3,000 acres. Area of irrigable land cultivated by Indians, 1.250 acres. Area of irrigable land cultivated by lessees, 00. Estimated additional cost to complete. $150,000. Estimated cost of construction per acre when completed, $60. Average value of irrigated lands per acre, $150. Average annual precipitation, 12 inches. Source of water supply. Wells and Santa Cruz River. Jlarket for products, local, excellent. Distance from railroad, 1 to 4 miles. The need of an irrigation system for this reservation is very urgent. The floods of 1914-15 so widened and deepened the channel of the Santa Cruz that it is no longer possible to divert water by means of a dam. A levee for the control of floods has been built, thus rendering the lands safe from flood damages. It will be necessary to develop water for this reservation by means of wells to niiKment the limited gravity supply, and about 3,500 acres will be required to provide a 5-acre allotment for each Indian. These Indians at present depend almost entirely on wood cutting for a living. The wood is cut in the Santa Cruz bottom lands on the reservation and sold in INDIAN APPBOPEIATION BILL. 129 Tucson. The returns for the labor expended are very small, and if present conditions continue to exist it fan not be expected that these people will make any advancement whatever. That they are inclined to be good farmers when they have the opportunity is shown by the fact that in a corn-growing contest in 1914, in which contestants from the entire State of Arizona participated, a Papago boy from this reservation won first prize, while another boy from the same reservation won second prize. Were they given an ample supply of water that would be available when required there is every reason to believe that they would equal the Pimas as an agricultural people. A very complete investigation and report has been made upon the proposed works for this reservation, and the project is described completely in Senate Document 973, Sixty-second Congress, third session, Mr. Hatdex. I should like to inquire whether there has been any understanding reached between the Indian Service and the other appropriators of water on this stream with respect to the work proposed to be done under this item ? Mr. Meritt. I do not think there has been any understanding, but it is our belief that the development that ^Ye will make there will not deprive other users of water. Mr. Hatdex. The Indian Service has recommended this legisla- tion for the last three or four years, but I understood that it was the claim of other appropriators of the water from the Santa Cruz River that the construction of this work would depri\'e them of water which they are now using on their lands. Whether that is true or not, I do not know. I should like to ascertain the facts in that regard. If there is an ample water supply for all concerned, of course, this work should be undertaken. If, on the other hand, the construction of this work would dry up lands already cultivated, the Government would be doing wrong. It seems to me that the best way to ascertain the facts is to get the interested parties together and have some under- standing. I am tcild that no effort along that line has ever been made. There has been a new superintendent appointed on this reser- vation and it would seem to me that the first thing for him to do would be to meet with the people who are now diverting water from this stream and talk the matter over with them. If an understand,- ing is reached we could then act properly on ah appropriation of this kind. Mr. Meritt. Our irrigation engineers tell us that this project will not deprive the white owners of that community of any water. Mr. Haxden. That may be their report, but why not submit the proposition to the white owners and see what they have to say. There are always two sides to every case. It would not be much trouble to get them together. To just go in and take the water and use it for the benefit of the Indians, without consulting the people who have ex- pended many thousands of dollars and who have productive lands in cultivation, would not be right. If they believed that their lands wers going to be dried up they would have a right to object. If on the other hand, they were assured that there would be ample water for everybody, it might be entirely satisfactory to them to have this project undertaken. Mr. Meritt. We shall be glad to do that. Mr. Snyder. This is a new project? Mr. Meritt. Yes, sit. Mr. Sntdeb. How much of a river is the Santa Cruz River? .30916—17 9 130 INDIAN APPEOPBIATION BILL. Mr. Meritt. It is quite a river during some seasons of the year and there is very little to it at other seasons. Mr. Snyder. Do ycu know how far above or below this proposed project they noAv take water from the river, about how nJany miles? Mr. Hayuen. The diversion made by the white people is right at the edge of the reservation line. They divert Avater from the stream when at flood by a dam and when the stream runs down they have a large j^umping plant to take the water from the underground flow. They claim if the installation of this proposed plant is authorized tliat the water would be diverted above their land and their land would dry up. Whether that is true, I do not know. The engineers of the Indian Service in their report indicate that there is an ample supply of water for everybody. ]\Ir. jMeritt. "We have sunk a number of wells on this reservation, supplementing the water supply from the flood waters of the river. I was on the reservation two years ago, when the Indians appealed very strongly for additional Avater. They said if they could have an additional water supply, a certain Avater supply, that they would soon become self-suppoiting. I saw the crops of the Indians suffer- ing because of a lack of Avater. Mr. Snyder. This proposition is different from a water-power proposition. The Avater taken out of the river never gets back again? Mr. Meritt. Sometimes a part of it does. Mr. Snyder. Of course, you haA-e to exercise more care when you take Avater from the river than you use in the case of a Avater-powcr proposition? Mr. Meritt. This proposed irrigation project is a project to de- A-elop an underground Avater supply by means of Avells and pumping them by electric poAver. Mr. Havden. I do not think there is any doubt but Avhat the In- dians could make excellent use of any Avater supply developed there. They are industrious Indians, progressive, and Avilling to work. It is better to assist them, to become self-supporting and a credit to the community than it is to leave them in a poverty-stricken condition. Mr. Snyder. Mr. Meritt says that the large part of this develop- ment Avould be from Avells and would not affect the riA'er so much. Mr. Hayden. But if the underground Avater supply is limited and a battery of Avells is placed upon the reservation aboA^e the existing series of Avells it will reduce the supply of Avatet that is noAV being developed- by the Avhite people. That is Avhat the controversy is about. Mr. Snyder. It is not so much with regard to water taken out of the river as out of the soil. The next item is : To enable the Secretary of tlie Interior to make an investigation as to ttie necessity, suitability, and feasibility of coiistructin<; for the use of the Indians of the Gila Bend Indian Reservation in Arizona a bridge across the Gila River on said reservation, $1,000, and the Secretary of the Interior is hereby authorized and directed to cause plans, surveys, and reports to be made, together with an estimated limit of cost of said bridge, and to submit his report thereon to Con- gress on the lirst Monday in December, nineteen hundred and eighteen. , Mr. Meritt. The following justification is offered for the record: INDIAN APPBOPBIATION BILL, 131 INVESTIGATION BKIDGE ACKOSS GILA UIVEB ON GILA UEND INDIAN RESEItVATION, AMZ. The building of a briilse over tlie Gila River on the Gila Bend Indian Reser- vation is said to be essential for the development of the agricultural lands of the Indians on the reservation. There are approximately 450 I'apaso Indians having rights on the Gila Bend Reservation. Practically all of their agricul- tural lands are on the north side of the Gila River. These lands are as yet undeveloped. A small part of the reservation lies upon the south side of the river, and it is upon this portion that tliese Indians have their homes. The Indians, on account of flood conditions, have been unable to maintain their ditch headings in the Gila River for some years, and consequently they have been compelled to seoire employment in the surrounding country for their livelihood, so that although there are about 450 Indians belonging to this reser- vation there are probably not to exceed two or three hundred residing there at any one time. The building of a bridge over the Gila River on the reser- vation vt'ould be of material advantage to these Indians as soon as their agri- cultural lands on the north side of the river are developed by means of irriga- tion, and such development is essential for the future support of these Indians. It is understood that the taxpayers of tlie county in which this proposed bridge would be located are willing to bear their proper share of the expense. No information is at hand showing Viiiat this expense would be or how it should be divided among the Indians and whites, nor is any information available at this time as to what kind of a bridge is advisable or where it should be located. The appropriation asked herein, if made, will provide funds for the sccnring of full information on the subject and the making of proper survey, plans, and estimates of cost. The Chairman. The next item is : To enable the Secretary of the Interior to make an investigation as to the necessity, suitability, and feasibility of constructing, for tlie use of the Indians of the Salt River Indian Reservation in Arizona, a bridge across the Salt River on said reservation, $1,000, and the Secretary of the Interior is hereby author- ized and directed to cause plans, surveys, and reports to be made, together with an estimated limit of cost of said bridge, and to submit his report thereon to Congress on the first Monday in December, nineteen hundred and eighteen. Mr. Meeitt. The following justification is offered for ths record. INVKSTKiATrON HKIDGE ACROSS SALT HIVEB, ON SALT KIVEl! IM>IAN BESliRVA- TTDX. Ar.iZ. Representations have been made from various sources during the past year tending to show that the construction of a bridge across the Salt River on the Salt River Indian Reservation in Arizona was essential not only for the benefit of the Indians on the Salt River Reservation, Camp McDowell, and Lehi Res- ervations, but also for the benefit of the white settlers in surrounding country. It has been stated that the construction of such a bridge would be one of the greaest benefits that could possibly be conferred upon these Indians. It is understood that the taxpayers of Maricopa County, Ariz., are willing to bear a proper share of the expense. No information is at hand showing what this expense would be or how it should be divided among the Indians and whites nor is any information available at this time as to what kind of a bridge is ad- visable or where it should be located. The appropriation of $1,000 asked herein, if made, whill provide funds for the making of proper surveys, plans, and estimates of cost and the securing of full information on the sub.1ect. Mr. Hatden. How many Indians are there who would be benefited by the construction of this bridge ? Mr. Meeitt. There are about 1,200 Indians on the Salt River Keservation. ,r t^ Mr. Hayden. How many Indians are there at Fort McDowell « Mr. Meritt. About 250. Mr. Hatden. And how many on the south side of the river? Mr. Meritt. About 500. 132 INDIAN APPEOPRIATION BILL. Mr. Hatden. This bridge would bg entirely within the reser^'a- tion ? Mr. Meritt. Thcat is ray understanding. It is simply a request for an appropriation to make an investigation and submit a report at the next session of Congress for action. Mr. Sntder. The same as the previous section? Mr. Meeitt. Yes, sir. Mr. Hatden. The next item is: For the construction of a bridge acr(j>;s the Little Colorado River at or near the town of Wlnslow, xlrizona, $2,000, in addition to the .$1.5.000 appropriated for this purpose by the act of Jlay eighteenth, nineteen hundred and sixteen (Thirty-ninth Statutes at Large, pEige one hundred arnl thirt.^-one) ; such addi- tional amount to be expended in thf same manner and under tlie same condi- tions as provided in the act aforesaid. Mr. Mekitt. I offer for the record the following justification: BRIDGE ACROSS THE LITTLE COLOEAUO EIVEIt, NEAll WINSLOW, AKIZ. The Indian appropriation act, for the fiscal year 1916, provided funds in the amount of $15,000 as the Government's share of the cost of a bridge across the Little Colorado River, near Wlnslow, Ariz. Navajo County to pay the balance of the total cost of the bridge, estimated to be $30,000. Certain sup.er- visory expenses, aggregating $2,000, will have been incurred by the Govern- ment in connection with the construction of this bridge, which will reduce the amount actually available to pay the Government's share to approximately $13,000. The appropriation asked for herein will supply the additional funds necessary to cover such supervisory expenses. Failure to provide same will work great hardship upon the county taxpayers, who are putting about $30,000 into this pro.iect. Upon undertaking the work it was found necessary to add an additional 120-foot steel span on account of the widening of the river channel. The county is paying the greater part of this additional expense, and will be unable to bear the burden unless the Government's share of the cost can be increased to $17,000, including the $2,000, required for supei'vision, requested herein. Mr. Hatden. With respect to the construction of this bridge, how far has the work proceeded ? Mr. Meeitt. My understanding is that the bridge has been very largely constructed. Mr. Hatden. I understood that the material was on the ground, but I did not know whether the bridge was completed or not. Navajo County is paying half the cost. Mr. Snydee. As I understand, this is largely for an additional span ; evidently something that has come up since the first appropri- ation was made. Mr. Hatden. There was a terrific flood in the Little Colorado Kiver which widened the channel. Mr. Meeitt. Without this appropriation two-thirds of the bridge will not be any good. The next item is: For the repainting and reflooring of the Government suspension bridge over the Little Colorado River near Tanners Crossing, Arizona, $4,000, to be imme- diately available. Mr. Meritt. I offer for the record the following justification : REPAIRS TO GOVERN MKNT BRIDGE OVER THE LITTLE COLOKADO RO'ER, NEAR TANNERS CROSSING, ARIZ. The Indian appropriation act for the fiscal year 1912 made an appropriation of $90,000 for the construction of a bridge across the Little Colorado River, INDIAN APPROPRIATION BILL. 133 l^^o''* '^'T'T'' ^^''''-^^i'l^' -'^riy.. The bridge w:,s c.nstnicted imiuecliiitely after the funds became available, at a cost of $84,000. trP^ September 27, 1915, a supervisor for the Indian Service wlio inspected the bridge, reported as follows : " The large suspension bridge across the Little Colorado River will be in need of repainting at an early date, and the matter should bv all means be attended to on account of the large investment of Government funds in this bridge If the property Is allowed to deteriorate it will result in great loss, and this bridge should be liept In a proper state of preservation." It subsequently developed that the bridge Is in need of new flooring. No funds are available for this worli. There is no question but that it will be economy to keep this bridge in proper condition by reflooring and repainting It as soon as possible. For this reason the funds should be made immediately available. The estimated cost of this work is $4,000. Mr. Hatden. Is this the bridge that is used to cross the Little Colorado River to get to the agency at Tuba City? Mr. Meritt. I think so. Mr. Hatden. It is wholly within tihe Indian reservation and is wholly used by the Indians? Mr. ]\Ieritt. Yes, sir. That bridge was originally constructed out of ia Government appropriation. Mr. Snyder. Is it an amount that is reimbursable ? • Mr. Meritt. Xo, sir. Mr. Hayden. There is no reason why it should not be made reim- bursable in the ordinary way, as these Indians have coal, timber, and other valuable resources? Mr. Meritt. It could be made reimbursable, but the Indians have no funds available at this time to do this work. Mr. Hatden. Nevertheless, they have one of the largest reserva- tions in the United States, rich in coal and timber ? Mr. Meritt. Yes, sir ; that is true. I see no objection to making it reimbursable. Mr. Hatden.' The next item is : For the construction of a fence along the international boundary line be- tween Mexico and the Papago Indian Reservation, in Arizona, created by Executive order of .January fourteenth, nineteen hundred and sixteen, under such rules and regulations as the Secretary of the Interior may prescribe, $10,000, to be immediately available and to remain available until expended. Mr. Meritt. I offer for the record the following justification: The Papago Reservation loiisists of 2,700,000 acres of land lying along the Mexican border, in southern Arizona, between the Babiiquivari Jlountains on the east and llif A.1o Jfountains on the \^-est. Though in genei-al it is the most desert I'eglon in the United States, there are parts of it where there is considerable jirazing and browsing, and the Indians' stock range over the entire area. There are 5.600 of these Indians living within this area and they own ap- proximately 40.000 head -of stock. This stock frequently wanders from its range, e.specialy in time of drouth or scarcity of feed. Not only is this true but stock belonging to :M(-xican cattlemen from across the line and also stock belonging to wliite cattlemen whose ranges ad,ioin the reservation on this side frequently wan to again get them together. Tlie lay of the country is so fortunate, being between two mountain ranges, that only a small amount of fence will be required, considering the area to be benefited. Only a few passes in the mountaios will need to be fenced, but the boundary line on the south should be fenced entirely across the range. There are 56 miles of this fence required on the south and the remainder is to be used on the east and northeast. Ifequest is made only for funds believed to be sufficient with which to buy tlie wire, as the Indians agree to cut and liaul the posts and build the fence without compensation if only provision can be made for the wire. The need for such a fence has long been keenly felt both by the Indians and whites, and its early construction is very much desired in order to guard against confusion and annual loss of stock now being experienced by stockmen in that locality. The Chaikman. What Indians are these? Mr. Meritt. The Papago Indians in Arizona. The Chairman. Have they tribal herds? Mr. Meritt. They have individual cattle. The Chairman. Have they any tribal herds? Mr. Meritt. No, sir. Mr. Sntder. Would that item be reimbursable? Mr. Meritt.. No, sir. The Papago Indians have no tribal funds in the Treasury and are quite poor people. While they have a large area of land, the land is in a desert country and is not very valuable. Mr. Hay DEN. The necessity for this fence is very evident, particu- larly on account of the sad state of affairs in Mexico. If there was any orderly government on the other side of the line, it might be easy to recover cattle that wander across, but at present there is no way of avoiding considerable losses except by the construction of this fence. The Avhite cattlemen of Pima County, wholly out of their own funds, have built a fence to divide themselves frcm the Indians. But where the reservation itself joins onto Mexico, tjiere is no possibility of securing help from the white psople, because there is nobody interested, except the Indians themselves. When the Indian cattle get over the line they are likely to lose a good many of them, because meat is rather scarce in Mexico just now. The white stock- men, on the other parts of the border, in order to protect their herds, have had to build fences along the international line in the same way as is here "proposed. The Chairman. This is for the purpose of buying the wire and posts ? Mv. Snyder. Just the wire. The Chairman. How many miles of fence? Mr. Meritt. J''ifty-six miles. Mr. Snyder. About 56 miles, and they want $10,000 for the wire. The Chairman. How many wires? Mr. Meritt. About three or four wires. The Chairman. The next item is : That so much of article two of the agreement with the Indians of the San Carlos Indian Reservation, concluded on February twenty -fifth, eighteen hun- dred and ninety-six, accepted, ratified, and confirmed in the act approved June tenth, eighteen hundred and ninety-six, reading " and that said money shall be paid to them in cash from time to time as the same shall become available, pro rata, share and share alike, to each man, woman, and child of the tribes now living upcm and entitled to the privileges of the said reservation," be, and the same is licreby, amended to read, " and that said money, as the same be- INDIAN APPBOPEIATION BILL. 135 comes avnilnble, may, in the discretion of tlie Secret,iry of tlie Interior, be paid to or expended for tlie benefit of the Indians entitled thereto iu sucli uiauner and for such purposes as lie may prescribe." Mr. Meritt. The following justification is offered for the record: _ The oliject of tlie propof^ed lesislation is to make the money deposited iu the Trepsury to the credit of the Indians of the Sau Carlos Reservation in payment for their hiuds available for the purchase of live stock, agricultural equipment, seeds, and other supplies beneficial to the Indians. Up to the present time the sum of ,$12,433.63 has been deposited iu the Treas- ury to the credit of the Indians. The mouey has been in the Treasury since September 3D, 1914, and draws no interest. Under the provisions of existing law it is necessary to pay the money to the Indians in cash from time to thrie as it becomes availalile, pro rata, share and share alike, to each Apache, Moiave, and Yuma man, woman, and child living upon and entitled to the privileges of the Sau Carlos Reservation. It is estimated tliat there are approximately 2,700 ludinus entitled, aud were the amount available divided pro rata among that mnnher each would receive about $4.50, an amount clearly inadequate to enable the Indians to accomplish permanent improvements or obtain equipment for their industrial fidvaiieement. Exiierience in the past has shown that per capita payments of small amounts have a pauperizing Influence upon Indians, as it encourages them to diminish or to cease entirely any industrial activity in which they might be engaged and causes the incurrence of debts and living iu expectation of the payments. It is believed that the best results will be obtained by using the money in question for the purchase of agricultural equipment, wagons, harness, and cattle for the Indians so as to enable them to utilize their lands to the fullest possible extent. The reserviitiou is unallotted aud consists of about 1.834,240 acres of land. While the largest portion of this laud is fit only for grazing purposes, there is approximately 2,000 or more acres adapted for gardening and farming. Under date of .July 26, 1916, the business committee of the Indians of the Sau Carlos Reservrtiou submitted a petition to the Indian Office, expressing a desire that the money in question be made available for expenditure in connection with the industrial advancement of the Indians, primarily in the purchase of cattle to be held as a tribal herd for the common benefit of all the ludiuns entitled. The business c.munittee consists of nine members, three being elected in each of the three districts into which the reservation has been divided. This com- mittee is authorized to act for all the Iiidiaus on the Sau Carlos Reservation in all matters pertaining to Indian and reservation business. Seven members of the comiuittee, reiireseutiug a ma.iority thereof, signed tlie petition. The Indians themselve.s have requested that this item be enacted. Mr. H.atd?:n. Did they have a council? Mr. Meriit. Yes, sir. The Chairman. The next item is: CAI.n-'OENIA. Sec. 3. For support aud civilization of Indians in California, including pay of emiiloyees, $50,000. Mr. Meeitt. The following justification is offered for the record: Support of Indians in California. Fiscal year ending June 30, 1918: Amount appropriated .'g 42, OOO. Fiscal year ended .Tune 30, 1917 : Amount appropriated ,-, 42, 000. 00 Amount expended 40, oiO. oO Unexpended balance 1,4 29.50 136 INDIAN APPROPRIATION BILL. Analysis of expenditures: Regular employees $17,436. 78 Irregular employees 746. 25 Traveling expenses 2, 459. 25 Transportation of supplies 673. 90 Stationery, printing, and schoolroom supplies 29.50 Telegraphing and telephoning 426. 02 Heat, light, and power, including fuel 8, 375. 96 Dry goods, subsistence, forage, medical supplies 9, 713. 06 Bquipmeht 4, 906. 61 Miscellaneous 803. 17 Total 40, 570. 50 SUPPORT OF INDIANS IN CAUFOKNIA, $r)0,000. This Is the regular appropriation for the suijport and civilization of the In- dians in the State of California, and involves an increase of $8,000 over the amount appropriated last year. This appropriation is very heavily drawn upon lor the necessary expenses connected with the administration of their affairs ; in fact, it Will be noted from the statement given above that the unexpended balance for the fiscal year, 1917, was only $1,429.50 (which, no doubt, will be lu'actlcally all taken up when outstanding claims have been settled) ; while, at present, the reserve for the fiscal year 1918 has been reduced to $351.76 to cover all emergency needs chargeable to this appropriation for the remainder of the current fiscal year. In the southern part of the State are located the Mission Indians, and while they are under the jurisdiction of but six superintendents, they are located on over 30 small reservations, which require regular attention and supervision. These small reservations are distant from each other and much travel is there- fore necess^ary on the part of superintendents and other employees. Many are located oif the railroads, and it often becomes necessary to travel entirely by vehicle, which consumes several days' time : furthermore, because of the largie number of small reservations and the limited funds available, some of the In- dians and reservations are practically without supervision. The live-stock interests of these Indians are considerable, and matters of grazing, leasing, etc., call for constant action and supervision on the part of the Government. The California Indians are perhaps the poorest in per capita wealth of any Indians in the United States ; they have no tribal moneys in the Treasury and very little individual funds; and many cases of need must necessarily remain unprovided for unless the appropriation is increased. Specifically, there should be mentioned in this connection the fact that several gasoline pumping plants have been installed at difCereut places on the Mission reservations, iis crops can not be produced without water, and gi-avity systems are impracticable, which makes it necessary that the water be pumped over the land. It has thus far been possible to allot only $500 for this purpose dur- ing the present fiscal year, which will soon be exhausted, and it is very un- likely that additional funds can be found therefor, although every effort will be made to that end. It will thus be seen that there Is grave danger of the plants having to be shut down, \\hich will result in crop failures and the con- sequent loss of foodstuffs to the country so badly needed in the present war emergency. Funds will also be required during the next fiscal year for the extermination of ground squirrels and prairie dogs which infest the Indian land and cause the loss of thousands of dollars every year, as a State law has recently been enacted requiring all landowners to bear the expense of this work on their property. However, the work of extermination will not be effective unless the Indian land can also be covered, for which no funds are now available The following statement shows in a condensed form the industrial status of the Indians on the different California reservations : INDIAN APPEOPBIATION BILL. 137 Population. Area (acres). Agency. ' Self- porting. Receiv- ing ra- tions. Total. Agricultural. Graz- ing. other. Total. Total in- Culti- vated. Other. Total. come. I Bishop 1,581 213 282 701 808 1,188 595 998 1,671 878 414 19 20 17 55 25 111 34 25 29 43 26 1,600 233 299 756 833 1,299 629 1,023 1,700 921 440 1,200 237 63 1,200 1,318 2,760 1,821 2,664 1,672 1,220 260 12,800 598 93 4,950 6,862 ■ii,"56s' 2,511 3,716 2,043 14,000 835 158 6,150 8,180 2,760 13,386 5,175 5,388 3,263 260 67,520 18,374 368 32,000 2,000 4,600 24,749 10,132 36,718 18,745 34,000 ■i9;876' 4 13,550 31,611 120,782 7,168 23,171 '47,"6i5' 14,291 81, 520 29,079 530 51,700 41,791 128,142 45,303 38, 478 42,106 69,623 48,551 . _ Campo 121,812 lUgger 23,469 ForlBidwell Fort Yuma 19,000 20,901 Hoopa Valley MalM.... 118,739 63,589 PiUa 64,408 Bound Valley Soboba.... . 110, 872 69 438 Tule Elrer 73,032 Total... 9,329 404 ' o ■749 14,417 45, 138 59,555 239,206 278,062 576,823 1 Avera »e per ca pita, $68.90. ~ The Chairman-. Why do you ask for an increa.se of $8,000? Mr. Meritt. Because we have found it exceedingly difficult to get along with the appropriation heretofore made by Congress. We have about 10.000 Indians on the Indian reservations in Califor- nia and more than 15.000 Indians within that State, and we find it very difficult to meet the calls of those Indians witli the appropria- tion provided by Congress. The Chairm.vx. How manv regular employees have you there? Mr. Snyder. $17,000 worth. Mr. Meritt. "We pay out of this appropriation $17,436 for reg- ular employees and $746.25 for irregular employees. Regular employees paid from the appropriation "Support of Indiana in Cali- fornia, 1911." Agency and position. Bishop; Financial clerk Physician Fort Bidwell: Financial clerk Physician Do FortTfuma: Clerk. Ebopa Valley: Financial clerk Physician Sawyer Carpenter Laborer Apprentice Ferryman UalU: Financial clerk. Physician Do Do Laborer Engineer Do Paid from "Support Salary. of Indians in Cali- fornia, 1917.'' $800 $300 720 360 1,000 500 600 300 480 480 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,200 600 840 840 480 480 480 480 240 240 120 120 1,000 1,000 480 4S0 300 300 30q 300 600 600 150 150 160 150 138 IIvDIAN APPEOPRIATION BILL. Regular employees paid from the appropriation " Support of Indians in Cali- fornia, 1917 " — Contiuued. Agency and position. Salary. Paid trom "Support nt Indians in Cali- fornia, 1917." Pala: Pinancia] clork S720 1,200 600 900 1,000 1,00 4S0 1,000 000 000 600 1,200 1,200 600 $300 600 GOO 900 Bound \alloy; Clerk 1,000 Pliypician 500 4S0 fioboha: Financial clork 500 300 Engineer ^-- - 000 '.\\J^.'.\..'\\\.''\.\.'\.'\.\.\.'.\'' ono Physician coo "Do GOO Laborer , GOO The Chairmak. You ask for $50,000. Last year we gave you $42,000? Mr. Meeitt. Yes, sir. The Chairman. How have you gotten along with the $42,000 ? Mr. Snyder. There is a balance of $1,429.50. Mr. Meritt. There have been a great many calls for assistance for these Indians that we were not able to meet. The Chairman. I notice that you say at the bottom of the table on the last page of the justification, "Average per capita, $68.90." Does that mean that you have spent that much for every Indian on the reservation ? Mr. Meritt. That means the average per capita income of the Cali- fornia Indians for last year. The Chairman. The next item is : For the purchase of lands for the homeless Indians In CalU'oruia, Including Improvements thereon, for the use and occupancy of said Indians, ,$20,000, said funds to be expended under such regulations and conditions as the Secretary of the Interior may prescribe. Mr. Meritt. I offer for the record the following justification: ' Purchase of lands for landless Indians in California. JTiscal year ending June 30, 1918 : Amount appropriated 320,000,00 Fiscal year ended June 30, 1917 : Amount appropriated 10, 000. 00 Amount expended 1, 905. 75 Unexpended balance 8, 094.25 Analysis of expenditures : Traveling expenses 13. 50 Equipment 70. 00 Purchase of land-- 1, 7.")G. 10 Miscellaneous 00. 15 Total 1, 905. 75 INDIAN APPEOPBIATION BILL. ,139 It is conservatively estimated that there are at least 2,700 homeless Indians In California for whom uo laud has been provided. Through various appropria- tions by Congress homes have thus far been provided for about 4,771 of these Indians, covering an area of 8,422 acres, for which aid the Indians are deeply appreciative. As there are many of these Indians still without homes and who should receive assistance from the Government, the sum asked for, viz,' $20,000, will enable additional options on land to be titken with a view to ultimately "^losing further purchases and otherwise extending them needed relief. These . Indians are scattered throughout many counties of the State of California, and the work of providing. homes is slow, inasmuch as much travel is required by the agent detailed for the purpose of finding suitable sites and entering into negotia- tions with intending sellers. Mr. Sears. Why was not the appropriation made last year ex- pended ? Mr. Meritt. Wc are in the process of expending that appropria- tion now. We have a special agent doing that work. It requires considerable time, however, to expend this money. Wo have to get an option on the land and then submit the title to the Depart- ment of Justice under the existing law for examination. It requires considerable time before we can pay out the money for the land after option is procured. Mr. Sears. I know, but if the appropriation is urgent, does it take 18 months to go through that red tape and expend it? Mr. Meeitt. It takes considerable time. The Chairman. Is that unexpended balance still available for expenditure ? Mr. Meeitt., Yes, sir. The Chairman. And it remains available for three years after the appropriation expires? Mr. Meritt. Under the ruling of the comptroller we have three years in which to expend the money after contract is made. The Chairman. Do you have three years after the date of tho expiration of the appropriation or three years from the beginning? Mr. Meritt. This money is available for one year from the be- ginning of the fiscal year for which appropriated. However, pay- ments from the appropriation for obligations contracted for during the fiscal year can bo made three years after tho beginning of the fiscal year for which appropriated. Mr. Sears. You asked for $20,000 over 18 months ago and have only spent $1,750 of the $20,000. Then you come back and ask Congress for an additional $20,000, when it has taken over 18 months before you can begin to spend the first $20,000 appropriated. Do you not think that it would bo better to spend the appropriations as Congress gives them to you, would there not be less objection to these bills if that were done? Mr. Meritt. Undoubtedly, there would be less objection. We have a special agent in California doing this Avork, but it has not been done as rapidly as we should like to see it done. Mr. Snyder. From what appropriation docs this special agent ■that you speak of draw his salary? Mr. Meritt, Mr. Terrell, who was designated to look after this work as special agent to investigate land matters, was paid from this appropriation, and as special agent to negotiate with Indians of California; he was paid from "General expenses, Indian Service, $120,000." 140 INDIAN APPKOPBIATION BILL. Mr. Hayden. The last field agent that you had working on this that I heard about spent a large part of the appropriation for his traveling expenses, without buying any land. Mr. Meeitt. The services of that agent were dispensed with and a new man has been employed. Mr. Snyder. He does not seem to be doing much better than the other fellow. ' Mr. Meeitt. I will have the matter called to the attention of the "' special agent and urge him to expedite his work in that connection. The Chaieman. The next item is: B''or support and education of seven hundred Indian piipils at tlie Sherman In- stitute, Riverside, California, Including pay of superintendent, $132,100 ; for gen- eral repairs and improvements, $15,000 ; in all, $147,100. Mr. Meeitt. The following justification is offered for the record : Indian school, Riverside, Cal. Fiscal year ending June 30, 1918 : Amount appropriated L $119, 500. 00 ifiscal yeai- ended June 30, 1917 : Amount appropriated 119, 500. 00 Amount expended 118, 398. 14 Unexpended balance 1, 101. 86 Analysis of expenditures : Regular employees 43, 510. 17 Irregular employees 12. 00 Traveling expenses 535. 86 Transportation of supplies 21. 21 Stationery, printing, and schoolroom supplies 1,996.36 Telegraphing and telephoning ^ 422. 95 Heat, light, and power. Including fuel 10, 432. 33 Dry goods, subsistence, forage, medical supplies 44, 985. 72 Medical service 508. 53 Lease of land 192. 50 Water 617.40 Equipment 13, 356. 09 Live stock 365. 75 Seed - 358.49 IMlscellaneous 1, 082. 78 Total 118, 398. 14 REPAIRS ANU IMPEOVEMENTS. Fiscal year ending June 30, 1918 : Amount appropriated $15, 000. 00 Fiscal year ended June 30, 1917 : Amount appropriated 10, 000.00 Amount expended 9,996.62 Unexpended balance- ; 3.38 Analysis of expenditures : Construction of buildings 4,003.04 * Repairs to buildings 5,993.58 9, 996. 62 The amount requested for support, $132,100. has been baspil on a rate of $185 per pupil for 700, with the superintendent's salary added thereto. The INDIAN APPROPRIATION BILL. 141 rate is uniform with that adopted for several of tlie larger nonreservatioa schools in the estimates for 1919. This estimate for support is the miuimuni which will permit of creditable operation of the school under conditions now prevailing. No estimate is presented for new construction' or unusual improvements ; $15,000 requested for general repairs and improvements is the same as appro- priated for the fiscal year 191S. As cost of materials and labor is increasing, the amount is consevative for a school of its size and value. Expenditures are required for the central heating system and some extensions thereof which will be made from the repair and Improvement fund. Statinticdl statement for iiear cndiug .lime SO, 1917. Value of school plant, real propert.v $326,881 Number of buildings .■_t_ 57 Number of employees __i_ 63 Total salaries $46, 220 Average attendance of pupils ?)77 Average enrollment : 680 Capacity 650 Cost per capita based on average enrollment '$183 Cost per capita based on average attendance .$216 Area of school land (acres) i L 1.50 Area of school land (acres cultivated) 110 Value of products of school, including both material and labor of em- ployees and pupils $6, 798 Value of agriculture products, including products from fjirm, garden, floriculture, dairy, and stock , $16,387 Expended from " Miscellaneous receipts class 4 " and " Indian moneys, \ proceeds of labor, Sherman Institute $666 Superintendent's estimate of absolute needs for 1919 : Support $142, 600 Repairs and improvements 20,000 New buildings 30, 000 Total 192, 600 Requested in proposed bill : Support and education of 700 Indian pupils at the Sherman Institute, Riverside, Cal, and superintendent's salary $132, 100 Repairs and improvements 15,000 Total 147,100 Salaries, 1918: Superintendent $2, 600 Clerk_-_- 1. 200 Do 1, 200 Assistant clerk 800 Do 800 Physician '^20 Disciplinarian 900 Assistant disciplinarian 600 Principal teacher 1, 400 Teacher '''20 Do- Do- Do- Do- Do_ Do_ Do- Do- Do- 900 720 690 660 660 660 600 600 600 Music teacher $720 Domestic science teacher __ Industrial teacher Superintendent of industries- _ Outing matron Matron Assistant matron Do Do Do Do Dining room matron Nurse Seamstress Assistant seamstress Laundress Baker Cook Cook (School Farm) 600 720 1,000 800 900 660 600 600 600 520 600 780 660 600 660 500 800 660 Ipproved Sept. 7, 1916 (39 Stat. L., 74f). 142 INDIAN APPBOPEIATION BILL. Cook $300 Fanner 950 Ctirpeiiter 800 Do T20 Tfiilor SOa Slioe and harness maker CGO Illacksuiith 800 IMason 800 Gardener 1, 000 KiiKineer 1, 000 Assistant engineer GOO I'rinter 060 liuml and musical Instructor 800 Assistant Do 300 Do - - 300 Do Do __ 300 300 060 Do 000 Do GOO Do Do _ — 600 600 Outiug agent 800 Total 45, 020 Mr. Hayden. What is the total investment of the Government in this school? Mr. Meritt. The estimated value of the school plant and real prop- erty is $326,831. There are 57 buildings and 03 employees. Mr. Hatden. Did the superintendent ask for this increase? Mr. Mekitt. The superintendent asked for $200 per capita, amount- ing to $142,600; repairs and improvements, $20,000'; and new build- ings, $30,000, making a total of $192,000, whereas we estimated for only $147,100 altogether. Mr. Hatden. This is in a southern climate where they do not have any difficulty about heating the buildings, do not have the fuel cost as they do in the northern countries, nor is there as much heavy cloth- ing required for the children? Mr. Mekitt. They require heat there about four or five months dur- ing the year. Mr. Sears.' Last year there was appropriated $134,500, and you only spent $128,394.74, leaving approximately $0,000 unexpended, and yet you are asking for an increase this year? Mr. JVIebitt. Last year the cost of materials and everything per- taining to maintaining a school materially advanced. It is necessary that we ask for a small increase. We consider $185 per capita per pupil very low in view of present prices. Mr. Sears. With your balance for next year you would have $153^000? Mr. Meeitt. That balance, however, is not available for next year. It is only available during the fiscal year for which appropriated. Mr. Sears. Each year, in going through the reports, I see items of equipment. Last year you expended $13,446.21 for equipment, and this year $12,000, approximately the same amount. Does not that equipment, some of it, last more than a year? . What is the equip- ment ? Mr. Meritt. We are constantly being required to replace equip- ment at these various schools. Of course, the equipment lasts more than a year. We must replace some equipment each year. Mr. Sears. With 700 pupils is not that a very large expense for replacing equipment? Mr. Meritt. They have 57 buildings at that school, and naturally the equipment is quite a large item. Mr. Sears. For instance, the desks should last for 10 or 15 years, if the superintendent would properly look after them. They do not have to be replaced. If they are plows they should last four or five . INDIAN APPKOPKIATION BILL. 143 years without being replaced, unless they are careless and break them. I can not understand it. Mr. Snyder. This equipment has nothing to do with repairs? Mr. Meritt. No, sir. Mr. Snyder. Is that the item on the next page, Indian School, Riverside, Cal. — that has nothing to do with the item on the previous page? Mr. Meritt. On the first page is the support item and the next item is for repairs and improvements. Mr. Snyder. In last year's appropriation the $15,000 was a part of the $134,500? Mr. Meritt. The equipment comes out of what is known as the sup- port item. Mr. Snyder. Wliat about the other item, $15,000? Mr. Meritt. That has nothing to do Avith the equipment. Mr. Snyder. Last year for this same item you had appropriated $134,500. This year you are asking for $147,100, but last year your table shows that you spent $118,398.14. Mr. Meritt. That was for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1917. The appropriation for the current year does not expire until the 30th of June of next year. Therefore, we are unable to show the balance at this time. Mr. Snyder. That is not shown here? Mr. Meritt. No, sir; because the money has not yet been expended. Mr. Sears. I notice that they spent $500 for telegrams and tele- phones. Is not that quite a sum to pay for telegrams, when you can use the mails? Mr. Meritt. Of course, a good part of that is for telephone service as well as telegrams. Mr. Sears. What are the arrangements; they have only one tele- phone, and possibly two? Mr. Meritt. I think you will find that they have more than one or two telephones. They have to connect the different departments with telephones. This is quite an extensive school pUint. Mr. Snyder. How many buildings did you say there were in this plant? Mr. Meritt. Fifty-seven buildings. Mr. Sears. It might be well to suggest that they adopt a system that is used in some modern cities like the one I live in of 5,000, and that they have just the telephone system in the building and that the teachers step down to the, main office and use the telephone when they want to talk. We have that system in our schools. Mr. Sntder. Not with 57 buildings. I would suggest, however, that it might be advisable to have in a school of that magnitude, a system such as they have in the large factories and business organi- zations, have one operator to take care of the telephoning— it reduces the cost tremendously — rather than to have a separate telephone in every building, as I take it you have there. Mr. Meritt. They have a telephone system for the school and the superintendent can telephone to any building on the campus. I judge, however, that they have only a limited number of phones for the outside service. 144 INDIAN APPROPRIATION BILL. Mr. Snyder. Of course, we do not' know how much of this cost was for telephones and how much for telegrams, and so that is no way to determine that. _ < The Chairman. This is one of the most thoroughly organizted schools in the service and I think they have a telephone service run- ning to every branch. Mr. Mekiti'. They have a complete telephone system at the school. Mr. Sntder. It is about $34, and I should consider that a very con- servative amount. Mr. Meritt. I think this school is run along reasonably economical lines and that there is very little waste there. The Chairman. It is about the most highly organized school in the service? Mr. Meritt. It is one of the best organized in the service. The Chairman. And is one of the best equipped schools in the service ? Mr. Meritt. Yes, sir. The surroundings are beautiful. Mr. Snyder. As I understand, the only item in which you are ask- ing for an increase is the difference between the per capita of $167 and $185? Mr. Meritt. Yes, sir. The Chairman. The next item is: For reclamation and miiintenance charge on Yuma fiUotments. .1)15,000, to remain available until expended and to be reimbursed from the sale of surplus lands or from other funds that may be available, in accordance with the pro- visions of the act Of March third, nineteen hundred and eleven. Mr. Meritt. The following justification is offered for the record. Irrif/aling ajlotiiicnts, Yuma Reservation, Cal. (reiinbursable) . Fiscal year ending .June 30, 1918 : Amount appropriated $15,000 Fiscal year ended June 30, 1917 : Amount appropriated 10, 000 Amount expended 10, 000 Analysis of expenditures : United States Reclamation Service, for constrtiction, operation, and maintenance charges 10,000 Indian tribe, Yuma. Number of Indians on reservation, 761. Area of reservation, 54,000 acres. Area of irrigable land under constructed works, 4,075 acres. Area actually irrigated, 3,000 acres. Area of irrigable land under project, 7,500 acres. Area of irrigable land cultivated by Indians, 1,500 acres. Area of irrigable land cultivated by lessees, 1,500 acres. Average value of irrigated lands per acre, $200. Average annual precipitation, 6 inches. Source of water supply, Colorado River. Market for products, general, good. Railroad through project. This appropriation is requested as a further installment of the amount due the Reclamation Service for building and maintenance charges, that service having constructed this system. The Indians' of this reservation have within the past four years quadrupled the area farmed by them and give every indication of making "good use of their system and becoming good farmers. Mr. Hayden. This money is paid directly over to the Reclamation Service to recoup the reclamation fund for money heretofore spent? INDIAN APPEOPEIATION BILL. 145 Mr. Meritt. It is. Mr. H.VTDKN. It is the amount annually due on the construction ? Mr. Meritt. We are paying about this amount each year, paying it m 20-yei\r installments. This appropriation includes both con- struction and maintenance. About 40 per cent has already been paid for the construction work. The Chairman. The next item is: For support and education of one Imudred Indian pupils at the Fort Bldwell Indian School, Callfornin, including pay of superintendent, $21.-500; Cor general repairs and improvements, .fS.SOO; in all, $25,000. Mr. Meritt. I offer for the record the following justification : IiKlinii school. Fort Bidirell, Cal. Fi.sciil ,ve;ir ending .luue 30. 1918: Amount appropriated $18, 200. tM» Fiscnl .vear ended .Iinie :^0, 1917 : Amount appropriated 18,200.00 Amount expended 18, U)~i. l.'j rnoxiieiided halau<-(> __ ^_ .\n;il.vsis of expenditures: Regular employees Irregular employees Traveling expenses Transpoi'tation of supplies Stiitioner.v, printing, and schoolroom supplies Tele8Ta])hiiig and telepliouing Heat, light, !ind jiower, including fuel Dry goods, subsistence, foi-age, mediciil sui)plies_ Equipment Miscellaneous : :^4. 8.5 9 , ■'iSC, 82 1. , 139. (X) 98. 90 374. 09 :'',09. 44 7. 79 2.S4. '.Ml 4, , 98."). 02 1, 1 84. ,"ii) 194. 69 Total - - 18, ](i5, i:; liEPAIKS AND IMPROVEA[K.\TS. I'iscal year ending ,7une ;!0. 1918: Amount appropriated $3, 500. 00 Fiscal year ended .lune 30. 1917: Amount appropriated 8, (iOO. 00 Amount expended -' — , 3,-596.03 T'uexpended l)nlance,_^ _ --- -- 3. 97 .-\nMlysis of expenditures: Construction of buildlngs^__ .: — - — '2.S'S4.;A1 Uepair of Imildiniis » 1,261.53 Totiil 3,596.0? The anjount i-equested for support, $21, .500. is based on a i-ate of $2(»0 per pupil for 100 pupils, but with the superintendent's sjdary added thereto. The rate is uniform with that adopted in the estini.ites for all of the similar boiird- ing schools, and Is fully justified l)y pre.sent market and general conditions. No estimate is pi'e.sented for the new construction for the ensuing year. Th" amount aslsed for repairs and improvements, $3,500, is the snme as was ap- propriated for the fiscal year 1918. The school did not heretofore ha\e a suitable school building and one is now being constructed. The sum appro- priated for repairs and improvements will have to suffice for any remodehng to be done in the old buildings; repairs to the water or sewer system, if any: 30916—17 10 146 INDIAN ArrEOPEIATION Bll.l.. paintinp, and ctlier miscellaneous repairs. Tiie prer.ent dairy barn is dplnpi- dated and insanitary. Possibly It can be repaired to some extent for tlip present. Statistical statement for year ending Juno 30, 1017. Yalne of scliool plant, real property $50, 122 Knniber of biiildiiis'-^ ■ 2t Number of employees 15 Total salaries 99, 020 Averase attendance of pupils 87 Average enrollme'it 92 Cap-^city 98 Ccst per capita, based on avernge enrollment ^$190 Cost per capita, based on average attendance .$193 Area of school land (acres) 3 087 Area of school land (acres cultivated) "203 Value of products of scliool, including both material and labor of em- plr:yees and pupils ^ SG75 Value of agricultural products, including products from farm, garden, floricu'ture, dairy, and stock .$7,509 Expended from miscellaneovis receipts, class 4, and Indian moneys, pro- ceeds of labor. Fort Bidwell School $1, 21S Superintendent's estimate of absolute needs for 1019 : Support !f20, .54o Repairs and improvements .S 53!) New buildings 15, 500 Total 39, 543 Requested in proposed bill : Support and education of 100 pupils at the Fort Bidwell Indian School and superintendent's salary .$21, 503 Repairs and improvements 3, 530 Total 25, 003 Salaries, 1918: y Laundress ?300 Cook , 500 Carpcjntei- 720 l'''.n.t;ii!0(-r__. 720 Laborer GOO Do GOO Total 0, 720 Superintendent $1, 500 I'liys:cian COO Teiuher CGO Do GO.) Lal:orer COO Jlatron COO Ass '.stunt matron 500 Seamstress 500 Oork . 720 Mr. Snyder. In reading that paragraph ycu used the term $3,500; you mean $3,500? Mr. Meritt. Yes, sir; $3,500 is correct. The Chairman. What was the per capita cost at tliis school for the year ending June 30, 1916? Mr. Meritt. The per capita cost on averags attendance was $270. The Chairman. And for the last fiscal year it was $193? Mr. Meritt. Yes, sir. The Chairman. So you reduced that cost about $S0? Mr. Meritt. We did. The Chairman. In the last year? ' The per capl a cost Is now computed upon the nverage enrollment for the entire Hscal year in compliance with the net of Apr. 30, 190S (35 Stat. L., 70, 72), and the act approved Sept. 7, 1910 (39 Stat. L., 741). - Besides 2,848 acres used tor pasture. INDIAN APPEOPKIATION BILL. 147 Mr. Meeitt. Yes, sir. ^The Chairman. How did you manage to do that? Mr. Meriti'. We changed superintendents— put a new man in. Ihe Chairman. I think that was a very important thing to do. Mr. Mekitt. It was. The CiiAiRMAM. The next item is: For support and ediuation of one hundred Indian punils nt tlie Greenville Influin Scliool, Cnliforuia, includins pay of sunerii'tendent, $21,500; for gen- oral repairs and improvements, .f 3,500 ; in all, $25,000. Mr. Meeitt. I offer for the record the following justification: Indian school, Oreenvillc, Gal. Fiscal year ending June 30, 191S : Amount ai)propriatcd ,«;18. 200. 00 Fiscal year ended .Tune 30, 1917: '~ Amount appropriated ]8, 400. 00 Amount expended IS, r,08 31 Unexpended balance 5 GO Analysis of expenditures : Kegular employees ^ 0, 14G. ,^S Irregidiir employees 6S1. no Traveling expenses ll'O. "0 Transportation of supplies 241.. '53 Stationery, printing, and schoolroom supplies 105. 00 Telegraphing and telephoning 52. J9 Heat, light, and power, including fuel 4G2. 57 Drygoods. subsistence, forage, medical supplies 5. .S'"!S. ''.'5 Equipme:it 1, 500. 50 Live stock 07^ 00 Miscellaneous 147. 10 Total 18, 398. 31 EEPAIHS AND IMPEOVEMENTS. FJccal year ending June 30, 1918: Amount appropriated $0, 500. 00 Fiscal year ended June 30, 1917 : Amount appropriated 8 000. 00 Amount expended S. 00 3. 00 Analysis of expenditures: Construction of buildings ^^^2_- 41 Repair of buildings ^' ^^o''^o Telegraphing aud telephoning - ^JS Laud C' 030. 0^ Total 8, 000. 00 The sum of $21,500 for the support of the Greenville school will provide for UTiQ pupils, including the superintendent's salary, salaries of employees, sub- sistence and clothing of the pupils. The item for repairs and improvements of $3,500 is the same as that for last year as this school. This sum is reasonable, inasmuch as the baildings rre constantly needing repairs and improvements to keep them in proper condition aud to withstand the climate of thi.s locality. 148 IN^DIAN^ APPBOPKIATIO N BILL. t^ 1(1 ti spiral, Ktiitviiieiit fur year eiiiliiig J inic SO, J917. Value of school plant, real property $-"')0, 56S Xumber of buildings , 25 Number of eniploj-ees i 14 Total salaries ifS, 620 Averii.ue attendance of pupils ^ 88 Average enrollment 101 (Capacity 90 ()ost per capita, ba.'^ed on average enrollment ^$179 Cost per capita, based on avei'auv atteu The per capita cost l.s now computed upon^the average enroUment (or the entire fiscal year, in compliance with the aet of Apr, 30, 190S (Sn Stat. L., 70, 72). and the act approved Sept. 7, 1016 (.39 Slijt. L., 741). INDIAX Al'PROPBIATION BILL. 149 where the item was $482, the ratio is higher at the Greemille School only $53"°'"'* '''™ '''^' *^''" '* '^' ^''''''^^' School'TltJlgh i?t' The Chaiejian. The ratio per pupil? Mr. Snyder. Yes, sir. sclMol ^^^■^^'™''''- ^ ^'^i"^ t^^^t ^^""W be natural in the smaller ilr. SxTDER. I think it would. Mr. :\lERiTT. The Greenville School has certain agency duties to liertorm besides those of conducting the school. ' The Chairman. The next item is: For begimiiug the enbu-gement and improvement of the irrigation nroiect nmel loT^"n!.rp'"' "? Reservation, California, for the irrigation of approxl- i,hrf™Tv fi "f .In'li'^n.laiHl m accordance with the plans and estimates .submitted bj the chief en.n-uieer in the Indian Service, and approved bv the Commissioner of Indian Alfairs and the Secretary of the Interior .*-'.1(.000 to remam available until expended and to be reimbursed to the United' States m accordance with such rules and regulations as the Secretarv of the Interior eSlllSOTOO '"'''''^''' ^'"" "'^ '"*''' ™^'* °* '-''"' irrigation project shall not Mr. Meritt. I offer for the record the following justification : IKIUOATION SYSTEM. TOKKKs RESEIiVATIOX (KKl .MHUHs Ain.lC ) , .far,, 000. Indian tribe, Oahuilla. Number of Indians, L'Ul!. Area of reservation, 35.870 acres. Area irrigable from constructed works, liOO acres. Area actually Irrigated, 200 acres. Ai-ea fanned by Indians, 200 acres. Area of whole pro.iect, 2.750 sicres. Cost of irrigation construction, .$23,203.09. Cost of maintenance, operation, and miscellaneous. .fl,(;."i2.8."i. Kstimated additional cost to complete, $125,000. Kstimateil total cost of irrigation. $55 per acre. Average value of irrigated lands, $200 per acre. .\verage annual jJi-eciiiitation, 2* inches. Sour(.-e of water sufiply, wells. JIarket for produce, local and general (excellent). Distance fi-(an raili-Dad. 5 to S miles. The irrigation work here proposed is to supi)l.\- e\entually aliduf 2.7.">0 acres of ver.\ fertile desert land m the so-called Coachilla Val.ley in southern Cali- tnrnia. The Indian reser\alion at this jioint consists of alternate sections of land cau.sed by the fact that the reservation was set aside iiftcv the railroad land grant had been made. This has pei'initted white settlers to occupy the lailway land and has caused (^xteiisixe watei' develoianent n|ion the wliite lands, reducing the flow of the small artesian wells drilled some years age for the Indians to such a point that they are no longei- of use fur irri.gatirk. The total cost for the ^^■hole system is estimated to be $li")i),000, but the, .'?25 000 here requested will enable one or more units to be constructed, as the' project is intended to be divided up corres-ponding to the rather isolated loca- tion of the Indian sections. Mr. I-Iayden. Will the uss of this underground water supply in- terfere in any way with previous development? In other words, will anybody now using the underground water be deprived of it by reason of the construction of these wells? Mr. Meritt. No, sir. It will not deprive anybody of water. Un- less we begin the construction work, if the white people keep on de- rcloping, tliey will gradually draw the water from under the Indian land. Mr. Hayden. Is there an unlimited water supply, or is it so lim- ited, that it is absolutely necessary to begin this work, otherwiss the underground water will all be appropriated by white people? Mr. Mekitt. It is necessary to begin this work soon. Mr. Hayden. I understand that there is a decision by some Cali- fornia court in regard to underground water, to the effect that if a man pUis down a well and develops a water supply and a second well is drilled which interferes with the supply, the owner of the first well c:in enjoin the taking of water from the second well. I would like to knov7 if you s're going to run into any legal complica'^ions here. Mr. Meeitt. If we can get this appropriation and do this work within a reasonable time, we will bo able to save the Indians' water rights without at the same time interfering with the water already developed by the vrhite ovv^ners adjoining the Indian land.. % The Chairman. ,What decision was that, Mr. Hayden? Mr. Hayden'. I can not cite the case, but there has been a good deal, cf litjgation in southern California with respect to underground water. Where it can be demonstrated by eaglnears that the con- struction of a second well interferes with the flow of another well, the pumping of water from the second well can be prevented. The Chairman. The courts do not apply the same principle to irrigation that they do to oil and gas. Mr. Hayden. Much difficulty is experienced in making the neces- sary engireering proof, but Avhcre it can be demonstrated clearly, the man who has spent his money and made the first development can not be deprived of the water by somebody else who comes in later. The Chairman. Under all the oil and gas decisions that I recall !) man can drill a well right along the line of another man's well or property without any feai of being stopped by the courts. The next item is : For the improvement and construction of roads and bridges on the Yuma Indian Reservation in California, $10,000, to be immediately available, reim- bursable to the United States by the Indians having tribal rights on said reservation. Mr. Meritt. The following justification is offered for the record: Roads ami hridacs, Yuma Reservation, Gal. (reimbursable). Fiscal year ending .Tune 30, 1918; ' Amount appropriated i^lO. 000. 00 IKDIAN APPKOPBIATION BILL. 151 Fiscal year enclerl .Tune 30, 1917 • Anioiuit appi-opfiiitetl _ _ ' .„,. » Auiouut exuenued ^^"' "™- f'*^ y.'jui. 87 Unexpended balance :""~ Analysis of expenditures: ===i^ IteKuhtr employees „„. ,,- Irres-ular employees „ fVj.- f.^ Traveling expense ''' ".-;,',• ^'V. Transportation of supplies '1 I_IIIII '^i^' oo Telegraphing and telephoning, "■ "i' Equipment IIIIIIIIIIII "^7' •^■- Total 0.901.S7 Tins IS an appropriation for continuing the work of constructin"- roads and ^ioOl« fn U^^T"" ^^'^^^■^•"t'^". Cal.. commenced under nn"'pp™pHaSon"^ ?,10,(X)0 in the Indian appropriation act for the fiscal year 1917. The act for the fiscal year 191S made an appropriation of ;;aO,000 to continue the work o snpenr.tendent stated that the work accomplished witli the 191, funds would permit the completion of the grading work outlined within the estimates made by the engineering department v,-hich was embodieil in the report of the superintendent of irrigiition dated December 14, 191G and ap- proved by trlie chief en;,:neer on December 21, 191G. Travel upon re.^ervation roads was light previous to tlie construction of the wagon bridge across the Colorado Ilivcr at Yuma, wliich was completoil in the spring ot 1015, and only occasional heavy loads were hauled to d.-iiuige the fairly good roads. Since the construction of the bridge rapid agricultural development has been accomplished and the greater part of the irrigable lands are in cultivaticm. producing abundant crops of alfalfa, niilo maize, cotton, etc., which causes continual heavy traffic. Previous to the agricultural development the roads followea winding trails through the brush ;nd timber where the be^t road materials were found. Through necessity these roads were abandoned as the fields were put in cuUiv^i- tion and the roads placed upon section linos. The rainfall in this section is ju-aitically none and about nine months of the year ths liglit silt was reduced to dust from G inches to 1 foot in depth. The other tliroe months ti-e ro-ds were prrctically imp:iss-Tble owing to seepnge water from the Colorado River rising in the sloughs ."iid rendering them boggy. Vt'ith the funds appropriated for tiie tiscal year 191S the leveling and grading of the main trunk lines will be completed so thnt they can bo watered. Tl-.e rofidwoy is divided into two driveways by a border extending !cngthw,-iys in Uio middle and one side may be used for travel while the other is being watered and prepared for use. By this method the soil becomes solidly packed and remains firm under heavy traffic. Yuma County, Ariz., lying on the opposite side of the river hns .expended $500,000 upon tlie main ro^ds le-~ding to t'-e bridge ; 30 miles being of bitniniiious concrete construction whish cost about ifll.OOO per mile. In November, 191G, a bond is'uie of .fl^.OOO.OOO was voted in Californ.ia to con- tinue the construction of concrete higliwtiys which will connect the county seats within the State and extend this construction to the reservation line on tlie west. The Chairman. I notice that you paid for irregular employees $9,627 of the $10,000. I presume that was for the actual road wcrk ? Mr. Meeitt. Yes, sir. The Chairman. This is one instance Avhere practically all Iho money went for the purposp for which appropriated and very little was taken up in overhead charges? Mr. Meritt. Yes, s'r. Mr. Hayden. Are the Indians employed to do this work ? 152 INDIAN APPBOPBIATION BILL. Mr. Meritt. Quite largely. Wherever we could get the Indian labor that was done. It is the policy of the office to employ Indians wherever Indian labor is available. Mr. Hayden. I know that these Indians are in great need of proper road facilities in order to reach the railroad and the agency. They have had excellent crops this year and are making good progress generally. Mr. Meritt. I went over this reserx'ation two years ago. It is my firm belief that if the present superintendent stays on that reservation and is as progressive as he has been during the last two yeai-s, within the next five years the Indians on that reservation will be absolutely self-supporting.' The Chairman. Gentlemen, Mr. Kettner, of California, is present this morning and desires to be heard on some California items. STATEMENT OF HON. WILLIAM KETTNER, A REPRESENTATIVE IN CONGRESS FROM THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA. Mr. Kettner. Mr. Chairman, during the year 1915 California was visited by floods, and the bridge leading over to the Soboba Indian Reservation was washed out. A year ago when the committee in- tended to visit California I made arriingements to show them the conditions as they exist there at present. I felt certain that when the committee saw how the Indians were situated and how hard it was to get to their reserxation they would assist them. However, the committee was prevented from \isiting the reservation, but I hope I will be able to convince them of the necessity for the bridge. I have a few letters which I think will explain conditions better than I can. Here is a letter from Mi-. Wadsworth, the Indian superintendent at Soboba : 1 IKI'ARTJIK.XT (IF THE InTKUTOK, Cmtkii St.xi'hs I Mil ax Skkvice, Siiii ■fiiriiito. i'ul., Jvnc .?.?, 1917. Hoii. AA'. E. Kettnek, Ronie of Rrpre-sciitalirc.'i. W'UKliiiii/loii. ]). (' My Dear Mr. Kettnek; The matter of rebuildiiif;- tlie bridfiv aeniss the San Jacinto River between this i-eservatiou anil tlie town of San .Tacinto, our only raihwiiy point and post office, ha.s been under consideration between Mr. .Tohii Shaver, of San Jacinto, representing tlie board of supervisors of Riverside County, and myself for a number of months. Jlr. Shaver, for the board, offered to cooperate in this construction if the Interior Oepartment (throusb the Indian OfBce) were able to supply its proportion of the funds necessary. I am now in receipt of a letter from the Commissioner of Indian Affairs to the effect that he will have no funds available for this project during the coming fiscal year but •stales that lie will be glad to coopei-ate in procuring a Federal appropriation to handle the same. For your information I will say that Jlr. Shaver and I have verv carefuUv gone over the whole matter on the site of the bridge, and the proposition sub- mitted to the Inilian Office contenjplated an exiension of the present structure across the river bed' to high ground not generally ;iffe<-ted by high w.ater, a dis- tance of 400 feet. This extension was planned to be 10 feet' in width instead of the present width of the bridge of 16 feet, in order to bring the total expenditure somewhere within reach of the funds available by the county— The center of the bridge is still there, but both ends have washed out. An estimate of $4,000 was made as the c-ost of such an extension, this sum to \'('. provided by the Indian Ofhce and the county of Riverside, half and half. This propasition was merely lo provide a ci'ossing that would relieve the present INOIAN APPROPRIATION BILL. 153 Gove!™u' wouW°«nnrn^""f' ^^T'''^^"^ '" ''"^"^ "^"^ ''' "° '"^''"^t 'l^te the nent stmctuir In v^^^^^ sufficient funds to build a suitable and pemui- evideut S nn haiJ "^ f *^® commissioner's letter, quoted above, it s now appropriS^l It nferSn^^l ^''^''''*^" ^'^"^ ""^ department by funds already ouraDDiwiation w th "'•'''°""'' necessary to ask Congress for an out-and- of RhCTsiZTthPv^ "^ •'' '"'^''""5 structure without reference to the county n evei V wt of tho ^^,^« """'"\«e demands upon> their resources for road work J ,.,? f Piit of the county, made necessary by the unprecedented flood condi- tions of something over a year ago ^u"ui When most of the bridges of the country were washed out. Every road and every bridge in southern California was washed out. I think Mr. Hayden knows that. A short time a,i;<> I had some photographs uikeu of the bridge site, which ac- companied my report to the Indian Office. These paoers will be of some assist- ance to you m presenting the matter to the House .;onimittee, if you will visit the Indian Office for that purpose. I was very sorry the committee did not find it possible to make us a visit this spring, as I understood was their intention, but believe we will be able to pre- sent the matter in such a light as to show them the great necessity for action at an early date, to the end that the work may be done between now and the coming of the next rain) season. Permit me to thank you in anticipation for your assistance, and believe me Very truly, yours, H. E. Wadsworth, SuprriiUendent. . I have not had the time to obtain the photographs, but I would like to ha\e the committee ask Mr. Meritt to produce those photo- graphs, because they will make it very plain to the committee why this is necessary. Here is a letter from Mr. Cato Sells, the Indian Conmiissioner, addressed to me : 1>ki>a1!t.\1k.\t ol' the i.ntekiok, Office of Indian Affairs,' ^Vanlnll(l1l>ll. ■liniiiarii Jo. lull. My I )ear ilK. Kettneu: I'eniiit uie to invite your attention to a sub.fect with wliich I uiideistaiid you are familiar, namely the condition of the bridge across the hiaii .lacinro Uiver lietween the town of San .lacinto. (_'al., and the Soboba Indian Keservation. 1 luring the heavy rains of last year the aiiproaches to this bridge were washed away and the bridge, wliidi is a wooden structure lidll feet long, now stands near the center of the stream, iis floor being 8 feet above the bed of the river. Across the entire riv^r l)ed the sand is several feet deep and very fine in quality and passage acrcjss tills wasli, in the summer time when there is no water in the river, is alnidst iinpassilile for teams and autoinohiles. Last winter after tlie bridge was washed oul, tlie Soboba Indian Agency was sliut o1f from the world for over twi> wei^ks, a crossing of the river being impossible during that time for any kind of vehichj or pven persons on horseliack. This condition is likely to be ivjieated at any inoiiient as the river is rising. The bridge is used liy but few whites in addition to the Indians of tlie 'reser- vation and undoubtedly the Indians would be most benefited by putting the bridge in proper ccaidition. The county authorities state that on aci'ount of the immense damage done to roads in this county last year by rains and floods the deniands ujiou tlieir approiiriations for rcpad work are greatly in exivss of the amounts available and that it will be impossible for the county to do anything to relieve this bridge situation for several years. They take the position that they shoidd expend their funds in localities where the taxjiayers will be most ben'efitetl and that this bridge pro.1eet being so largely for the benefit of the Indians should be cared for by the Federal Government. I can do nothing in this matter on account of lack of juri.sdiction. the bridge being off the Indian reservation. Xo funds under the control of this department are applicable for the work. 154 INDIAN APPEOPEIATION BILL. Possibly yonr familiarity with the situation will enable you to suggest a way out of the (liHiculty. ' Sincerely, yours, Cato Sells, Commissioner. Hon. "William Ketti^ek, House of Representatives. Mr. Hatden. Dees the commissioner say whether this bridge is oflf the reservatioji ? Mr. Kettkek. Yes; it is off the reservation; but it is the only way the Indians can get to and from the reservation. Here is a letter from the cashier of the bank at San Jacinto : The Fiest National Bank, San Jacinto, Cal., January S, lOn. Hon. William Kettnek, M. C, Washington, D. C. Deae BIe. Kettnee : AVe write you with reference to the overflow of the San .Tacinto Kiver, with an earnest request that you use your influence to secure for us an appropriation to iiusnient the amount \A-liich we have contemplated raising here to confine the river into its regular channel. In its present condition it is liable to do hundreds of thousands' worth of damage to the property in and around San .Tiicinto and to the Indian lands belonging to the Soboba Indian Reservation. At the present time the bridge which has heretofore spnnned the river is standing 400 feet from the soutlnvest bank and 200 feet from the northeast blink, so that with very little high water it would be absolutely impassable. Quite a number of families living on the northeast side of the river and the Indians living in the Indian village will find it impossible to .set across for provsions, etc., diu'ing the high water. We believe some help from the Gov- ernment in controlling this river would be a perfectly legitimate expenditure and would certainly be greatly appreciated by your constituents. Respectfully, C. L. Emeeson, Casliior. Mr. St^yder. At what do you estimate the amount that will be required? Mr. Kettnee. I think it is $12,000. I believe you have the figures, Mr. Meritt? Mr. Meeitt. I will have to look it up in the records of the office. Mr. Kett>'ej7. I also have here a letter from Mr. H. B. Jones, which I would like to submit: I-lE5iiTf, Cal., August 11. 1017. Hon. Vv'iLLT.AM Kettnet;, IIcuso of IZcprcsenialives, M''asliington, D. C. Deae Sib : As one of your constituents, residing at Little Lake, in Hainet Valley, I ("lesire to urge upon you the very great need of an appropriation by Congress to -assist Riverside County in building a bridge across the San Jacinto River at a point between the Soboba Indian Rsservutiou and the city of San Jacinto. There are four "fords" or cros'^ings across this river between Snn Jacinto and "S'llle Vista which are availnble in dry weather, though hardly passable for automobiles on account of wide stretches of loose sand. Tliere is not a single bridge. There are numbers of white residei]ts living on that side of the river, as well as the entire population .of the Indian reservation, who have no other possible outlet or trading point than San Jacinto and Heraet and must look to these poirts for schooling for their children, for railroad and shipping facili- ties, local trading, mail, and, in fact, everything necessary in their living. We, ourselves, have a fruit ranch of over 100 ceres, employing a number of people, and there is the Nat. Goodwin ranch, the Soboba Springs resort, be- sides many other ranchers, all the marketing for which must go across this ford, which in wintertime is often impassable for considerable periods. Mr. AViidswortb, the agent on the reservation, had hoped to be able to get financial assistance through the department, but now informs us that they have no funds available for the purpose. INDIAN APPEOPKIATION BILL. 155 I urgently request that you make every effort to secure an appropriation from Congress of not less than .lilO.OOO to assist Riverside County to provide this bridge, they being unable to provide the funds necessary. I shall be glad to furnish any additional information relative to this matter that you may deem necessary. May we not hope for your earnest undcavors in this matter? Very respectfully, yours, H. B. Jones, Vista Donita Groves, Liitlo Lake, Ilemct, Gal. In conclusion, gentlemen, I Avant to say that it is necessary that this bridge should bs rebuilt. It is impossible for the Indians to go back and forth in winter and during high water, and in summer time the only way they can cross is on burros. They can not haul a loud. They can not pull a wagon across on account of the soft white sand in the river bed. Mr. Haydek. Why not connect up w-ith the old bridge v.-hich is standing in the middle of the channel instead of building a new one? Mr. Kettjjee. That could be done. You could put in new abut- ments. Mr. Hayde?;. That would be very much less expensive? Mr. Kett>-er. That would cost about $8,000. The old one was a very good bridge. Mr. Skydee. How wide is this river? Mr. Kettker. Now, it is scmething like 1,800 feet. You under- stand all of the abutm3nts on both sides were washed out, ^Yhich left the center of the bridge. The Chairman. Is this a real river or an arroyo? Mr. Kettner. It is dry during the summer but in winter it is very high and dangerous. Mr. Churci-i. In case the Government thought it best to repair the bridge by putting in new abutments, would your people con- tribute the $J:,000 of the $8,000? Mr. Kettner. I think so. Mr, Hatdex. What was the original cost of the bridge? Mr. Kettner. I am sure I do not know. Mr. Snyder. What kind of a bridge was it? Mr. Kettkei!. It Avas a wooden structure. Mr. Snyder. Was it a covered bridge? Mr. Kettner. No; we do not have covered bridges in California. Mr. Hayden. We might ask Mr. Meritt to bring up whatever data he has at the department. The Chairman. Mr. Kettner, when .was this original bridga built? Mr. Kettner. It was built in the nineties. The Chairman. Do you know on what authorization; the date it Avas built ? Mr. Kettner. No. It was built, I think, by the influence brought to bear by people operating the Hot Springs. The Chairman. It was not a Government bridge, was it? Mr. Kettner. No; the people operating the Hot Springs at one time thought they could do something with the Springs, and they had the bridge built. The Chairman. Mr. Kettner, of course I have explained to you in the past the policy of the committee and of the House about building brido-es on Indian reservations. It has always been the policy of the 156 INDIAN APPROPRIATION BILL. committee, since I have been here, not to build any bridges except out of Indian funds. Have any of these Indians any funds? Mr. Kettner. I can not say, Mr. Chairman. The Chairman. Have they any lands? Mr. Keti'ner. I do not believe so. The Indians of California are very poor. Mr. Meritt. They have no funds at present in the Treasury. The Chair.^ian. This would be a gratuity, would it, Mr. Meritt? Mr. Meritt. Yes. sir. The Chair jian. We have jiever authorized a bridge of that kind. Mr. Kettner. But, Mr. Chairman, that is the reason I was so anxious to have you visit California. It is impossible for these In- dians to get back and forth from their homes, and unless you build the bridge you should provide some other lands for them. It is just like building a house and locking the doors and nailing up the win- dows, to have them over there and not have this bridge. Mr. Church. And the Springs people have practically abandoned that enter'prise? Mr. Kett'ner. Yes, sir ; so there is practically nothing on that side of the river except the Indians. Mr. Church. Are there any private inducements for the building of that bridge at all ? jNIr. Kettner. I believe there are perhaps seven white families over on that side. These letters will give you that information. Mr. Church. And the bridge would not be built without Govern- ment assistance? Mr. Kettner. Xo; the county has absolutely refvised to do any- rhing. The Chairman. Mr. Kettner, we will take this matter up later Mud give it full consideration. Mr. Kettner. I thank you very much, Mr. Chairman. Mr. Hayden. Judge Eaker is here and wants to be heard on cer- tain matters. STATEMENT OF HON. JOHN E. EAKER, A MEMBER OF CONGRESS FROM THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA. Ml'. Raker. Mr. C'iuiirniaii and gentlemen of the committee, I hax'e gone over the estimate's, and I notice that there are no esti- mates jirovided in any school for new buildings and improvements. Mr. Haydion. Yes, sir; that is the policy which has been pursued by the department in presenting the estimates at this session of Congress. Mr. Eaker. I understand that the Indian Bureau has taken the view that under the war conditions, although necessary and al- though conditions are such that neAV buildings should be provided, as repoited last year, because of the depletion of the fund and the war condition, they have taken the viewpoint that there should be no buildings constructed at these Indian schools at the present time. Mr. Hayden. Yes, sir. Mr. Eaker. I suppose that will be the attitude of the. committee. Mr. Hayden. I am quite sure that such will be the case. Mr. Eaker. That being the attitude of the Indian Bureau and of this committee, it would be almost wasting my time and the com- INDIAN APPROPBIATION BILL. 157 inittee's time to present two important matters, one at Greenville and °"a/ :[ii^'*^'^ll' 11^ regard to new school buildings. Mr. Hayden. I think the committee would not make an exception ot that kmd ; it would be almost impossible to do so. 11 *■ .1^^^: } ^^''^'^ """^ exceptionally good case, but seeing that all ot the rest have been left out and while the department has re- ported tavorably on both of these schools before, I will say frankly to the committee that possibly I ought nol to take the time of the committee m asking it. Mr. Hayden. That is undoubtedly true, in view of the fact that at tlie last session of (.\)ngr(>ss a neNv building was authorized at 1- oi:t Bidwell to cost $12,000 and a new laundry and equipment was allowed at Greenvdle, at $3,500. Mr. Raker Irrespective of the kind and character of the case which 1 could present, it would not bo the policy of the committee to add any new buildings this year ? Mr. Hayden. No, sir; it will not be. Tt is our purpose not to provide any new construction at any school. Mr. EAKEit. I thank the committee for giving me an opportunity to appear. The Chairhax. The next item is: FLOEIDA. Skc. 4. For relief of dislress anion.;;- the Seminole Indians in l-'lorida ,ui(l for piu-poses of their oivilization anil eihicsitiou. .$10,000. Ml'. iMEiuTT. I otfer for the record the following justification : Support of l^eminoles in Florida. Fiscal year ending June 30, 1918 : Amount appropriated .ifg, 000. 00 Fiscal year ended June 30, 1917: Amount appropriated 8, OOp. 00 Amount expended 1,' 725. 26 Unexpended balance 6, 274. 74 Analysis of expenditures: Itesular employees 889. 33 Travelinf; expen.ses 455. 25 Stationery, printing, and .schoolroom supplies 6.45 Pry goods, subsistence, foi-age, medical supplies 227.58 Equipment . 3. 00 I\Iiscellaneous 143. 65 Total ■ 1, 725. 26 The work among the Seminole Indians in Florida has progressed slowly for the reason that the oflicial employed among them has been with the Army during the greater portion of the last fiscal year. However, some progress has been made, antl in oi-der not to destroy the good that has been accomplished and in older to make further advancement among them, it is necessary to have funds for carrying on this work. The State of Floiida has established a reservation of approximately 100,000 acres for these people, and in order that the Indians may utilize same, to- gether with the reservations made in their behalf by the Federal Government, it wUl be necessary to have these funds to employ farmers, teachers, and to purchase implements, seed, and the like. Progress has been made in getting the children in school as indicated in our .iustifieation of last year, and it is hoped to do even better. It is expected to 158 INDIAN APPROPRIATION BILL. actively take np this worlc in order tliat these Indians may be plficed upon a self-supporting basis along industrial and agricultural lines that their children may be given the benefits of education and that we may assist them iu such other ways as may be necessary. Mr. Seaks. On page 435 of the estimates I sea that there was ex- pended for 700 Indian pupils at the Sherman Institute, for dry goods, etc., $55,000. I understand that that is paid out of the Treasury. There are about 600 Seminoles in Florida. Lastyear seven of the members of the Committee on Indian Affairs visited Florida Avith myself to investigate those conditions. I am not speaking for them, because I have no right to speak for them, but I make the direct statement, withcut fear of successful contradiction, that there are no Indians in the United States more destitute than the Seminoles. The committee has been quite liberal and yet stingy. We have secured $8,000, I believe, each year since I have bsen in Congress to assist these Indians. For several years before I came to Congress no appropriation was made, although there was an appro- priation of $8,000 made some years before. Out of the first $8,000 appropriation I think there was expended $795, and out of the ap- propriation last year of $8,000 there was expended $1,725 for dry goods, etc., and that was the total expenditure, except $153.10 for miscellaneous. I have been in Congress about three years. We have appropriated $16,000,_ and less than $3,000 of the $16,000 has been expended, and approximately $2,000 of that amount in salaries. There is no use to secure an appropriation unless the money can be expended. The people of Fort Lauderdale have kindly permitted the Indian's to gd to their white schools without charge. They pay no taxes. The white people have paid the taxes to keep these Indians in school. The people of Fort Lauderdale have practically clothed these In- dian children. This year Mrs. Stranahan, who with others has been greatly interested in the work, has been continuing to assist the In- dians, but she thought that the time had about come when those people should quit buying materials with this appropriation made by the Governm.ent, and I do not blame her. This year on account of clothing the three girls who testified before our subcommittee were compelled to stop going to school because they could not get the proper clothing. Tony Tommy Avrote me a letter and said that he could not get books. I sent him a small check and received a nice letter from him giving me an itemized statement of $2.50 of the $5 which I sent him, how he had spent the money. It did not go very far, as the price of books is high. Mr. Snyder. It is my recollection that during the argument over this matter at some meeting of the committee it was stated that the Seminoles had lost any right that they might have to call upon the United States Government for support. Was there not something of that sort ? Mr. Sears. I have favored the appropriation without binding the Government in any manner, shape, or form, and my contention is that any advance mads to the Seminoles should be charged to any claim they might have on the Government. I contend that the Gov- ornnient of the United States is justly indebted to the Seminoles of Florida, 600 in number,; approximately in the sum of $250,000, with interest at not less than 3 per cent — in the case of a great many we INDIAN APPEOPEIATION BILL. 159 have allowed 5 per cent— since the treaty of 1842 or 1847—1 am not positive which. In other words, that treaty provided that that iimount should be reserved to the Seminoles of Florida to be paid to them in cash at such time as they should move west. I am not going into that, because I am not fighting their claim. If they should move west, the Government would be immediately indebted to them in such sum as might be coming to them— about $1,400 per Indian, Mr. Snyder. As I recall, many years ago this tribe was moved to some other part of the country. The Indians there now or their fathers and mothers, etc., decided to stay where they were, and by staying there they lost their right to any appropriation from the Government. Is not that in effect what was stated at the meeting- when this matter was discussed originally? Mr. Se.'Vrs. I was not here if that is the case. The facts in the case are simply these, and I believe that any lawyer will bear me out, certainly, the law of to-day: The treaty between the Seminoles of Florida and the white men of the United States was signed by the I'cpresentatives of this Government and signed by tlie Indians with- out witnesses, by their marks. Any paper signed by a person who can neither read nor write, simply by a mark, is not binding, and the Government was powerless to make it binding. It is said, whether it is true or not, I do not know, that the Indians were gotten drmik by the representatives of the Government. ' It is a fact that these 600 repudiated tlieir, contract and staved on the land which they owned in Florida. They were first at Tallahassee. They were moved about 36 years ago. The Seminoles have never given the white people any trouble. Mr. SxYDER. The reason I asked the question, it is my understand- ing that it is the policy, at least of this committee, to close out as many Indians as possible. My 'understanding has been for years that these Seminole Indians, those still in Florida, have no connec- !TDEK. For that reason the Government forgot the Indians for so many years who chose to stay in Florida ? Mr. Meritt. Very largely because the Indians of Florida did not cause the Government any serious trouble. During the last 60 years the Government has been rather liberal to those Indians who have caused the Government the greatest trouble. If the Seminole In- dians of Florida had gone on the warpath they probably would have gotten quite a good deal more attention than if they remained quiet and peaceable. Mr. Snyder. You do not think that what kept them from making trouble was the fact that they did not have any right to make trouble? Mr. Meritt. Because they were satisfied with their environments They wanted to live in Florida. They did not want to live any- where else, the same as the Indians in Mississippi — the Choctaw Indians. They refused to go to Oklahoma. The Florida Indians were content with their environments and they would not be happy anywhere else. For that reason they gave up their tribal property and their tribal connection in Oklahoma rather than to move from Florida. Mr. Snyder. Just one step further. With all of this environment that was so pleasing to them they have gradually permitted them- selves to go backward until they now find themselves in a destitute position and come back to the Government for support ? Mr. Haydeiv-. The reason for that is very plain. As long as Florida was unsettled they could hunt and fish, so they did not need assistance from anybody. The country settled up and the huntmg ground which they formerly used has become more and more re- stricted until now they are practically in a starving condition. The game is gone and their old method of living can not be pursued any further. The practical thing for the Federal Government to do is to send some experienced farmer down there to teach them agriculture so that they may become self-supporting on their own land. When that is done the Seminole Indian problem in Florida is solved. We can maintain a school where their children can be educated. Mr. Snyder. I think that is true. I would not have any objec- tion to this particular appropriation except for the fact that it is going to continue and grow larger every year, taking on an addi- tional burden that the Government had gotten rid of and when the Indians were under a system that was reasonably satisfactory to them. 30916—17 11 162 INDIAN APPROPRIATION BILL. Mr. Hayden. There are only two ways out of the situation. Either leave them there in a destitute condition on the charity of the community ' Mr. Snyder. What about "the State of Florida? Mr. Hayden. The State of Florida has given them 100,000 acres of land on which to live and so has discharged its duty. Mr. Snyder. It is possible that they may consider it their share. My point is that they were discharged by the Government and that they were discharged into the State of Florida. Mr. Sears. If you will read the treaty, you will see that this sum of $260,000 was to be paid to' them at the time when they moved West. If they should move temporarily and stay there 30 days, more than likely you would have to pay them that amount of money with accrued interest. Then they could move back and buy their land. It is a question of whether you will educate them up to their rights or take advantage of their ignorance. I do not believe that treaty will ever die. I think this should be done as an advance. I have said it frankly to the committee ever since I have been here. Mr. Snyder. T am disposed to be against bringing back wards once discharged by the Government. The Chairman. The statement referred to by Mr. Sears as having been made by the chairman of the Committee on Indian Affairs was published in one of the Jacksonville daily papers and is as follows : CAETBE DOUBTS THAT CONGEliTSS WILL VOTE A RESERVATION FOR FLORIDA'S SEMINOLE TRIBESMEN — CHAIRMAN OF HOUSE INDIAN AFFAIRS COMMITTEE BELIEVES CON- GRESS WILL CONSIDER MATTER STATE QUESTION — DEPLORES THE PRESENT CONDI- TION OF THE RACE COMMITTEE ARRIVED HERE YESTERDAY AFTERNOON — MEMBERS WERE PLEASANTLY ENTERTAINED. Representative C- D. Carter, of Oklahoma, chairman of the House Committee- on Indian Affairs, doubts seriously that Congress will vote an appropriation for the purchase of a reservation for the Florida Seminoles. He is also inclined toward the belief that the body will consider the problem is more State than Federal. In a short statement, on the eve of his departure with other members of the committee last night for Mississippi, after a visit to the Seminole country and a series of hearings at Fort Lauderdale, Miami, St. Augustine, and here, he gave his own views of the congressional attitude, which he emphasized as not being personal nor those of the entire committee. He brought out the fact that the Florida tribesmen once owned the entire Peninsula, and that the public lands have been given to them by the Government. In conclusion, he declared the Seminoles to be " a people of inherent strength of character, who, under proper opportunity, should make as valuable citizens as their fellow tribesmen among the Seminoles of Oklahoma." NATURE OF MISSION. " I don't want the people of Florida to misunderstand the purpose of the visit of our committee to this State," he said. " We came here under a general provi- sion carried in the Indian appropriation bill authoriziug investigation of Indian affairs in any community or State. We were not directed by Congress to come to your State, but cnme only at the earnest and importunate solicitation of Con- gressman W. .1. Sears, who is a member of the committee. " He bad Introduced a bill for relief of the Florida Seminoles and urged its passage to such an extent that we felt the need of at least looking into conditions of the tribesmen. " I iim not sure that the Congress will take any further interest in the matter and I doubt seriously if in these days of pressure for econoiiiv in .fi'ipiinistrntinn of the Nation's affairs the Government can be induced to look seriously upon the proposition to purchase a reservation for the Seminoles. INDIAN APPROPKIATION BILL. Ig3 STATE PKOTILKM. Govermiient. question ot [stale problem than ns one foi- the l^ederal le^^\he'enth-e Coi^rel*/ '? ^P^'^'v*"'- ^t^er members of the committee, much n the Latter but simnlv fl^ZT ■''"'' •''"^^"Pt'ng to express n>y own feelings Urom whnt I have seen of the Seminoles of Florida thev >\vo a ,nennlP of vaS: c Es\f .^!;;rs't.?t' ""V^'^^i' r°P^^- «-^tT sh^umra'kl as OklXiua If Lwevlr t,f ^ "J*"'- ^''"°''' tribesmen in the Seminoles of »»Kianoma. it, lio\->ever, they are not given some opportnnitv thev will oracin- of ' 5'sirer?f"?,o:i''"' M'"^"^'™ '°'- "^^ "tizenship of your State to tal^ecae extinction'" ^ ^ometlung may be done to save them from pauperism and Mypurpose in giving this statement to the papers was to correct a false impression that seemed to be prevalent in the State of Florida to the ettect that the visit of our investigating committee was for the purpose of having the Federal Government purchase Everglade lands on which to locate the Florida Seminoles. Mr. Hayden. The next item is : IDAHO. Sec. 5. For support and civilization of Indians on the Fort Hall Reservation m Idaho, including pay of employees, $30,000. Mr. MEEnr. I offer for the record the following justification: Support of Indians, Fort Hall Re.icri-ation, Idaho. Fiscal year ending June 30, 1918 : Amount appropriated .$30. 000. 00 Fiscal year ended June 30, 1917 : / Amount appropriated 30, 000. 00 Amount expended 29,992. 33 Unexpended balance 7. Q^ Analysis of expenditures : Regular employees 8, 693. 33 Irregular employees 5, 800. 84 Traveling expenses 127. 65 Stationery, printing, and schoolroom supplies 36. 76 Heat, light, and power, including fuel 944. 92 Dry goods, subsistence, forage, medical supplies 13, 421. 70 Equipment . 2, 800. 11 Miscellaneous 167. 02 Total : '_ 29, 992. 33 There are approximately 1,800 Indians under the Fort Hall jurisdiction, and while there are 38,000 acres of irrigable land allotted to them, yet these Indians are not in a position to sustain themselves, and, as indicated by the analysis of expenditures, it has been found necessary to use a considerable portion of the appropriation for the purchase of subsistence, implements, equipment, etc. The appropriation is also used to meet the expenses incident to the administration of their affairs and in, the employment of clerks, etc., necessary to handle the office work. Mr. JIatden. You are asking for the same amount appropriated last year? 164 INDIAN APPEOPEIATION BILL. Mr. Meeitt. Yes, sir ; the same amount for the same purposes. Mr. Hatden. There is an unexpended balance of $7.67 ? Mr. Meeitt. Yes, sir. Mr. Hatden. The next item is as follows : For improvement and maintenance and operation of the Fort Hall irrigation system, $50,000, to be immediately available : Provided, That expenditures here- under for improvements shall be reimbursable to the United States in accord- ance with the provisions -of the act of March first, nineteen hundred and seven. Mr. Meeitt. I oflfer for the record the following justification : Maintenmice and operation, Fort Hall irrigation system, Idaho (reimbursalile) . Fiscal year ending June 30, 1918 : Amount appropriated 25, 000. 00 Fiscal year ended June 30, 1917: Amount appropriated 25, 000. 00 Amount expended 24, 997. 29 Unexpended balance 2. 71 Analysis of expenditures : Regular employees . 10,425.09 Irregular employees 5,391.75 Construction of buildings 185. 18 Repairs and rent of buildings 335. 85 Traveling expenses 553. 35 Transportation of supplies 116. 27 Stationery, printing, and schoolroom supplies 144.59 Telegraphing and telephoning 50. 07 Heat, light, and power, including fuel 537. 41 Dry goods, subsistence, forage, medical supplies 2, 126. 05 Equipment _^ 2. 726. 14 Stream Gauging .^ 1, 993. 73 Miscellaneous 411.81 Total 24, 997. 29 MAINTENANCE AND OPERATION, FORT HALL IRRIGATION PROJECT, $60,000. Indian tribes. Bannocks and Shoshones. IS'uitiber of Indians on reservation, 1,794. Area of reservation, 447,490 acres. Area of irrigable land under construction works, 35,000. Area actually irrigated, 20,000 acres. Area of irrigable land under project, 50,000 acres. Area of irrigable land cultivated by Indians, 7,788 acres. Area of irrigable land cultivated by lessees, 2.712 acres. Area of irrigable land cultivated by white owners, 9,500 acres. Cost of construction to June 30, 1917, $850,185.85. ' Cost of operution, nmintenance and miscellaneous, to June 30, 1917, $196,692.41. E.stimated additioual cost to complete, $534,480. Estimated cost of construction per acre when completed, $27.50. Average value of irrigated lands per acre, $75. Average annual precipitation, 13.5 acres. Source of water supply. Snake and Blackfoot Rivers. Market for product, local, good. Railroad through project. This item has been increased $25,000 over the amount allowed last year. While the. general scheme, of the Fort Hall system has been completed, the lateral distributing system has been constructed only as the demand for water seemed to warrant. Recent demands for Increased acreage require the en- largement of the distributing system, with the attendant increased cost of main- tenance. Without additional funds it will be impossible to provide for the de- INDIAN APPROPRIATION BILL. 165 Inlh^T®"* °* ^^'\ country as rapidly as the 4, 543. 81 Stationery, printing, and schoolroom supplies 721.85 Telegraphing and telephoning 827. 44 Heat, light, and power, including fuel 19, 010. 27 Dry gonds, subsistence, forage, medical supplies 57, 569. IS Equipment ^ 7, 977. 89 Live stock 270. 00 Seed 420.06 Care and maintenance of pupils in mission schools 11, 025. 39 Road work 3, 000. 00 Miscellaneous 2, 368. 68 Total 176, 154. 86 TRIBAL FT'NDS, CHIPPEWA INDIANS OF . MINNESOTA. This is the regular annual authorization for the expenditure of $185,000 of their tribal funds for the supp