ALBERT R. MANN LIBRARY AT CORNELL UNIVERSITY THE GIFT OF Isabel Zucker '26 HJH^eLIL UWlVlt,H«./7.T LKBRARV 924 nil 059 208 383 The original of tliis book is in tine Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924059208383 TEEES AN'D SHEUBS AN ABRIDGMENT OF d^£ %thav&inm ti Jfntliatem §ntannktrm: CONTAINING THE HARDY TREES AI^D SHRUBS OF BRITAIN, NATIVE AND FOREION, SCIENTIFICALLY AND POPULARLY DESCRIBED; WITH THEIR PROPAGATION, CULTURE, AND USES ; AND ENGRAVINGS OF NEARLY ALL THE SPECIES. BY J. C. LOtJDOisr, F.L.a, H.S., &c,, AUTHOR OF "COTTAGE, FARM, AND VILLA ARCHITECTURB." FREDERICK WARNE & CO. BEDFORD STREET, STRAND. NEW YORK : SCRIBNER, WELFORD, & ARMSTRONG. 1875. PEEFACE. This Abridgement of the Arhoretum et Fruticetum BrUannicum contains. 1. Characters and short Popular Descriptions of all the species and varieties of hardy trees and shrubs now in British gardens, with directions for their culture; including the soil most suitable for them, their pro- pagation, and their uses in the arts, &c. 2. Engravings of all the species which are described, with the exception of half a dozen. The whole arranged according to the Natural System ; all the engravings being to the scale of two inches to a foot, or one sixth of the natural size. 3. The Scientific Names and Scientific Synonymes of all the species ; and their Popular Names in the languages of the different countries where they are indigenous or cultivated. 4. An Alphabetical Index to all the species and varieties, with their synonymes. 5. A Tabular Analysis of the Leaves, by which the name of any species of tree or shrub described in the work may, in general, be discovered, from a small portion of a shoot with the leaves on. 6. Specific Characters, Descriptions, and Figures of some species, more particularly of pines, firs, and oaks, which were not in the country in 1838, when the large work was completed. In a word, though this Abridgement does not include all the interesting and useful information on the natural history of trees which will be found in the larger work, or any of the portraits of entire trees which constitute so distinguished a feature in it, yet it contains all that is necessary to enable the reader to discover the names of the different species, and to ascertain their culture, propagation, and uses in Britain ; in short, all that is essential for the nurseryman, gardener, and forester. The most remarkable circumstance connected with this Abridgement is, that the Author has been able to obtain figures of nearly all the species. For the drawings or specimens from which these additional figures were taken, he is indebted to the kind assistance of various Public Institutions, and of several of the most eminent botanists and possessors of herbariums and livinfj collections in Europe and North America. The Institutions to which he is under obligations are, the Linnean and Horticultural Societies of London, the British Museum, the Museum of Natural History of Paris, and that of Berlin : and the Botanists who have kindly lent him drawings or specimens include the late A. B. Lambert, Esq. ; Sir W. J. Hooker; Dr. Lindley; the late Professor Don ; George Don, Esq., who prepared the characters of the Orders and of the Genera ; Messrs. Loddiges ; the late Professor DeCandolle ; M. Alphonsb De Candollb ; W. BoRRER, Esq. ; P. B. Webb, Esq. ; Baron Db Lessert ; M. MiCHAUx; Signor G. Manetti ; M. Otto; M. Charles Rauch; M. Francis Rauch, who made most of the drawings; and Drs. Torrey and Gray : to all of whom ; to the Curators of most of our Botanic and Horticultural Gardens, and those of many foreign ones ; and to all Nursery- men and Gardeners, both at home and abroad, who may have rendered him assistance, he begs to return his most sincere thanks. To the Council of the Horticultural Society of London he is under especial obligations, for their permission to make drawings from the cones and other specimens sent home by their collectors, Douglas and Hartweg, and for authorising him to procure information from their intelligent and experienced superintendent of the arboricultural department of the Garden, Mr. George Gordon, A.L.S. ; and to Mr. Gordon he is indebted for the ready and obliging manner in which, at all times, he rendered his assistance. Bat/iwater, Api-U, 184i2. J. C.L. A 2 CONTENTS. Enumeration of the Genera and Species, with their varieties and synonymes, In the order in which they are described in the work _ . - _ _ Page t An Analysis of the commoner Trees and Shrubs of Britain, with reference to their Uses in useful and ornamental Plantations ----- . ]jx An Analysis of the Genera of the Trees and Shrubs described in this Abridgement, according to their Leaves _ . Ixvii Explanation of Abbreviations, Accentuation, Indications, &c. Ixxii The Species described in detail - 1 Contents. Text. EXO'GENa;. Sambilcese xxix. Iviii. 513 1116 3lCHLAMY'DE^. LonicSreiS i^ubi^cese xxix. Iviii. xxxi. 525 1116 .644 Thalamiflbm. Compdsitffl xxxi. 545 Contenta. Text. £ricace£e xxxi. Iviii. 552 1116 JZanuncul&cese Page V. Ivii. I nil Styr^cea XXXV, 617 Clematldese - T. Ivii. 2 nil Hales;^cc<7 XXXV. 619 Winterdceis vi. Ivii. 20 nil Sapotace{B XXXV. 622 Pseoniiicrts vi. 17 £benaceae XXXV. 624 'MagnoUdceiB - Ti. Ivii. 21 nil Oleacese XXXV. Iviii. 627 1116 ^iion^cece vi. 38 Jasmin&ceae XXX vii. 664 Menispermaces vi. 39 ^pocyn^ceffi - xxxvii. 656 BerberdcecB - vi. Ivii. 41 nil Asc\e^iadhcete xxxvii. Iviii. 658 1117 Aurantiaces - Ivii. 1112 Bignl)n^■rtce(^ - xxxvii. 660 Cruciaceffi vii. 53 jSolanaceae - xxxvii. Iviii. 663 1117 Cist^ces vii. 54 Scro|)huIari^cese xxxviii. 670 i^alv^ce^e vii. 62 Labiacefe xxxviii. 672 TIliaceiB vii. 63 ^erben^ceae - xxxviii. 676 Ternstromi'^ce^ viii. 71 Us peric^ceEe - viii. Ivii. 74 1112 Monochlamy'de^. ^Jcwrdceffi viii. Ivii. 78 1112 Cappariddces Iviii. 113 Chenopodikcese - xxxviii. 674 j^'scul^ceffl - ix. Iviii. 123 1113 PoIygonScejE - xxxviii, Iviii. 677 1117 S»-X}\ad^Qegz ix. 134 ZaurSce£e xxxix. 681 Altaceae ix. Iviu. 135 1113 7'hymeiaceffl - xxxix. Iviii. 686 1117 XanthoxyUceaa ix. 141 SarUaliicea - xl. 6S3 Coriaces X. 145 .Elaeagniceae - xl. Iviii. 6iJ5 1117 ^ristolochikces xl. 701 Calycifiiric. Eufhosbiacets xl. 702 Stapbyle&ceae X. 147 Artuc&rpese - xl. 705 Celastraceae - X. 148 f/lmaceee xii. Iviii. 714 1117 .•jquifoliaces X. Iviii. 165 1113 Jugland&ceaa xlil. 731 ifhamnaces - xi. ivui. 166 1113 Salicaceffl xliii. 744 HomalinSces xii. 182 £etulaceae xlvi. Iviii. 831 1117 AnacardiSceas xii. Iviii. 184 1113 Corylaceffl xlvii. Iviii. 845 1117 Leguminacese xii. Iviii. 194 IU4 Garry^cete li. 926 iias^cea> xvi. Iviii. 269 II14 Platan&ceae - li. IviU. 927 1118 CalycanLii^cesB XXV. 452 A'alsamacese li. 931 Granaiacese - XXV. 456 jyyricSceffl li. 934 Tamaricdceffi XXV. 467 Giieidceis li. 937 Philadelphkcese xxvi. 469 TaxaceK li. 933 Nitrari^cese - xxvi. 4C7 Conlferae li. Ivui. 946 1118 Grossulaceffi - xxvi. Ivlil. 468 1115 ^bietins li. 947 Escallonj^ce*^ xxvii. 489 C'upressinas Iv. 1067 Hydrangea - xxviii. 492 £mpetr^ce£e - Ivi. 1090 Umbellaceae - xxviii. 494 Hamameliddceae xxviii. 498 Araliaceffl - xxviii. IviU. 49'i 1116 ENDO'GENJE. CorndceBB xxviii. Mil. 601 1116 liOranthSiceBe xxix. 508 SmiWcea - Ivi.' 1093 1099 Capril61i4cea xxxi. 512 Liliaces Ivii. Supplementary Figures . - 1105 - nil - 1119 - 1124 Supplementary Species . . List of Authorities for Generic and Sne ific Names List of Boolu referred to - - Glossarial Index 1136 General Index . U42 •»• By turning to the pages of the Contents, the whole of the species and varieties with thrir synonymes, of any genus or order may be seen at a glance ; and, by turning to the General Index at the end, any particular species, whether known by its general name or its synonyme mav bo found tt once, both in the Contents and in the body of the work. """/juc, may oe louna ENUMERATION or THE GENERA, SPECIES, AND VARIETIES, WITH THEIR SYNONYIES, SCIENTIFIC AND POPULAR, IN THE ORDER IN WHICH THET ARE DESCRIBED. In the follo^ng Table the Synonymes are printed in Italics. English specific names are omitted vhen they are merely translations of the scientific names. French, German, and Italian generic names are, with few exceptions, not given when they are the same, or nearly the same, as the scien- tific ones ; and the specific names are only given in these languages when they are synonymes, and not mere translations. Class I. EXO'aET^^. Subdiv. I. DICHLAMY'DE^; Subcl. I. THALAMIFLO'R^. Secti X. Carpella, that is, the component Farts of compound Capsules or Fruits, numerous i or the Stamerts placed opposite the Fetals. ^anunculdce(je. Tribe I. Clemati'de^. I. Clb'matis L. - 2 VirgiTi's Bower, Ladies' Bower : Climatite, Ft. ; Wald^ rebe^ Ger. ; Clematide, Ital. § i. Flammvla Dec. 1, Flammula L, - 3 C. firen* Gerard, C. maritima All. Fed., C. suaveulens Sal. Frod., C. panicul&ta Tlmn. : Sweet' scented Virgin's Bower : Climatite odorante,Ft.i Schar/e Waldrebe^ Ger. 2 rotundifolia Dec. 3 C. frdgrans Ten. 3 maritima Dec, - 3 4 rubella Dec. - 3 5 csespitosa Dec. 4 C. ccBspithsa Scop. C. Fldmmula Bert. 6 paniculata - 4 C. paniculata Thun. 2. orientalis L, - 4 C. fi&va Moench, C. gla^ca Willd., C. ochroleitca Hort. : yellow-flowered V. B. 3, chinensis Retz. - 3 0. sinensis Lour. coch. 4. Vitalbai. - - 5 Traveller'B Joy. — C. altera Matth., C. t^rtia Com., Viorna Ger. & Lob., Wtis n\gra Fuch. : Old Man's Beard, Bindwith, Common V.B., Wild Climber, Great Wild Climber : Climatite brtUante, Fr.; Gemeine Wald- rebe^ Ger. j Viie bianca, ItaL o. virginiana L. - 6 C. canadensis Mill. Diet, C. cordifbUa Moench supp., C. tri- tei-nata Hoit. : Broad-lvd Ca- nada V. B. 2 bracteata Dec. - 6 C. bractectta Moench. 6. grata Wall, - 7 0. odordta Hort., C. triier- ndta Hort, C. nepcUinsis Hort. 7. Viorna i. - - 7 C. purpfa-ea repens Ray : Leathery flowered y.B., Ameri- can Traveller's Joy, Virginian Cliinber, Fwple Climber: Cle- 7natzie Viome^ Fr.; GlockenblU- thige Waldrebcy Ger. ' 2 cordata - - 7 C. cord&ta Sims B. M. C. Simsii Swt. H. B. 8. cylindrica Sims - 8 0. crispa Lam., C. Vidrna Hot. Rep., C. divaricata Jacq.: Long-flowered V, B.: Climatite a tongues Fteurs, Fr. 9. reticulata Walt - 9 C. rdsea Abbott, C. Simsii Hook. 10. Hendersons Chan. 9 § ii. micella Dec. 11. fldrida Thm. - 10 Atrdgene indica Desf., Atrd- gene Jwrida Pers. : Climatite d grandes Fleurs, Fr. ; GrossblU- thige WaUrebe^ Ger. 2 flore pleno Hort - 10 3 fl. pi. violaceo 10 C./. Siebdldu D. Don, C. Siebdldti Paxt. C. bicolor Hort 12. caerulea Xznrf/. - 11 C. axiirea grandifldra Sieb., C. grandiflbra Hort. 13. Viticellai:. - U Vitic4lla delloidea Mcench : Red-flowered Ladies' Bower, Gerard : Italienische Waldrebe, Ger. 1 c£erulea - 12 2 purpurea - 12 3 multiplex G. Don 12 C.pulchella Pers. 4 tenuiiolia Dec- 12 O. ten. lusitdnica Tourn. A 3 5 baceata Dec, -12 C. campaniflbra Hort. 14. campanifl6ra5roM2 C. viQrnd)des Schrader, G. parviflbra Dec. 2 parviflora i^is. G?o^ 12 15. cdspa i. - - 13 C. fibre crispo DilL Elth. § iii. Cheiropsis Dec. 16. cirrhosa L. - - 13 Atrdgene cirrhbsa Vers.'. Tra- veller's Joy of Candia, and Spa- nish Traveller's Joy, Gerard ; Spanish Wild Clmber, Parkins. ; Evergreen Clematis : Climatite d VriUcs, Fr. ; Einfachblattrige Waldrebe, Ger. 2 pedicellata Dec. - 14 C. pedicelldta Swt. H. B. Coaledrica Pers. C. cirrhbsa Sims B. M. 3 angustifolia - - 14 C. balea7-ica Rich. B. M. C. calycina Ait. C.polym^rphn Hort. CUmatite de Mahon, Fr. § iv. Anemonifidra. 17. montkna Ham, - 15 C, miemonifihra D. Don. Other Species. — C. holoserfcea Pursh, /igusticifblia Nuttall, DrummflndH Tor. & Gray, parvifidra Nuttall, lasiantha Nutt.f lineariloba Dec, Pitch- er;' Tor. & Gray, pubescens, ifitif&lia, BuchanioTza - 15 IT. ^tra'gene L, - 16 Clematis Lara. & Dec. : Atra- gene, Fr. and Ger. 1. alpina L, - - 16 Clematis cisritlea Bauh., Cle- matis a'pina Mill. Diet. & Dec, A. atistriaca Scop. & B. M., A. clematides Crantz : Atragene des Alpes, Fr. ; Mpen Atragene, Ger. 2 White flws. Dec. 16 3 sibirjca ? - 16 A. sibirica L. VI CONTENTS. 2. sibirica L. - - 17 A, alplna Gmel. & Pall., Cle- matis sibirica Mill. Diet. & Dec, 2 Blue flws. B.M. Z7 A. ochot^nsis Pallas ? A. alpina L. ? 3. americana Sims - 17 CUmatis verticilldris Dec. 2 obliqua Dou. MS. 17 Other Species and Varieties. — A. ochotensis Pafl.(A. sibirica var. ?), A. columbia,na Nutt. (yClhnatis columbiaTia Tor. & Grayi. p. 11.) - - 17 Tribe II. Pjeq-hia'^ceas, I. Pmo'^ia L, - 18 The Paeony — Peoni/, Piony : Gichtterrose, Ger. j Rosa del Monte, Span. ; Peoniay Ital. 1. Moutan Sims - 18 Tree Paeony.— P. arbhrea Dn. P. suiffruficdsa B. Rep. : Pivoine Moutan^ Fr. ; BaumartigeGicht- ierrose, Ger. ; Hoa-Ouang, and Pe-Leang-Kin, Chinese. 1 ^apaveracea B, R. 18 2 Bdnksii B. R. 19 XL Xanthorhi^zaZ^. 19 The Yellow-Root. 1. apiifolia X'J7mV. - 20 ' Xanthorise A FeuiUes de Persilf Fr. ; Sellerie-blattrigeGelbwurZt Ger. Winteracex. I. Illi'cium i. - 20 Aniseed Tree : Badiane, Anis itoili, Fr. ; Sternanis, Ger. ; Badiano, ItaL 1. floridanum ^//is 20 Florida Illicium, Bed-flowered Anise-seed Tree Mor. Hist.: Ba- diane de la Floride^ Fr. ; XJn- achter Sternanis, Ger. Ma^noliacese. I. Magno'l/^ L, - 21 The Magnolia Magnolie^ Fr., Ger., & Ital.; Bieberbaunij Hart. § i. MagnoViBSixxxra. \. grandiflora L. - 22 Laurel Bay, Big Laurel, Large Magnolia, Laurier tiUipier, "Ft. ; Grossblumiger Magnolie, or Bieberbaum-j Ger. ; Magnolia Tulipano, Ital. 2 obovata ^zV. - 22 3 exoni^nsis Morf. - 23 M. g. lanceoldta Ait. M. g. stHcta Hort. JV?. g.ferruginea Hort. 4 angustifolia ^mf. 23 5 prae'cox Andry. 23 0/Aer ^rtrs M. g. v&ra, M. g. latifblia, M. g. exoni- ensis var., M. g. rubigindsa, M. g. rotundif&lia Swt., M.g. elllptica j^;?., M. g. longifblia undulSta, M. g. exoniensis a fleur demi-double, M. g. cana- licule, M. g. floribunda, M. g. R>liis-variegkti8, M, g. mogor- densis . - - 23 2. glaucaiy. - - 25 M. frdgrans Salisb. : Swamp Sassafras, Beaver-wood, White Bay, Small Magnolia, Swamp Magnolia : Magnolie glauque, Fr. ; Altera de Castora, Ital. 2 sempervirens Hort. 25 3 Thomsonfana Thp. 25 M.gLvar. mdjor B.M. Other Vars. — M. gl. Gordo- nidna, M. gl. BurchelhaVifl, M. gl. longifblia Pvxrsh, M. gl. CardbniV (M. Cdrdon J. Knight.) - - 26 3. tripetala i. - 27 M. umbrella Lam., M. fron- ddsa Salisb. : UynbreUa Tree, Umbrella Magnolia, Elhwood: Magnolie Parasol Fr. 4. macrophylla Mx. 28 M. MichaHxn Hort. : Large- leaved Utnbrella Tree, Amer. 5. acuminata L. - 29 M. rUstica, M.pennsylvanica, Blue Magnolia, Cucumber Tree, U. S. 2 CandoUz 'Savi - 29 3 maxima XocZJ. - 29 Other Vars. — M. striata, M. latifblia - - 29 6. cordata Mx, - 30 7. auriculata Lam. - 31 M. Frdseri Walt., M. aurtcu- Idris Salisb. : Indian Phi/sic, N. Amer. 2 pyramidata - 31 M. pyramiddta Bartr. M. Frdseri pyramiddta Nt. § ii. Gwillimia. Rott, 8. conspicua Salisb. 33 Yulan Magnolia — M. pricia Correa. M. Yalan Desf.: Yu Lan, Chinese : Lily-fiwd M. : Magnolier Yulans, Fr. ; Yulans Biiberbaum, Ger. ; M. dai Fi- oridiGiglio, Ital. 2 Soulangeawa S3 M. Soulangekna. An H. P. M.Soidange&naSwt.B.F.G. Other Varieties, or Hybrids. — M. c. S. speci&sa, M. c. S. Alexandrlna - - 33 9. purpurea Sims - 35 M. obovdta Thun., M. disco- lor Vent., M. denuddta Lam. : Obovate-lvd M.: Magnolier dis- colors, Bon Jard., Magnolie bi- colori Dun., Fr. ; Bothe Bieber- baum, Ger. 2 gracilis - - 35 M. Kbbus Dec. M. tomentbsa Thun. Other Varieties. — M. p. de- nuddta Lam., M. p. discolor Vent., M. p. iilifl6ra Lam., a dwarf var. {M. obovdta ph- mila of Cassoretti) - 35 II. Liriode'ndron L. 36 The Tulip Tree. 1. Tulipiferai. - 36 The Poplar, White Wood and Canoe Wood, Amer.; Virginian Poplar, Tulip-hearing LilyTree, and Saddle Tree, Eng.: Tulipier de Virginie, Fr. ; Virgimscher Tulipeerbaum, Ger. ; Tulipiere, Ital. 2 obtuslloba Mx.- 36 L. integrifdlia Hort. Yellow Wood. Yellow Poplar. Other Vars. — L. T. acuti- fblia Mx., L. T. flava Hort. 36 AiionaccEe. 1. Asi'MiNA Adanson 38 Ann6na L., Orchidocdrpum. Mx., PorcUise sp. Pers., tlvd- ria Tor. & Gray : Custard Apple: Asiminier, Fr. ; Flas- chenbaum., Ger. 1. triloba Z)wn. - .38 Anntona triloba L., Porcllx^ triloba Pers., Orchidocdrpum arietinum Mx., Uvaria triloba Tor. & Gray: Papau, Amer. ; Asiminier de Virginie Fr.; An- nona, Ital. Other Species. — A. parviflbra, A. grandiflbra - - 39 Menispermacece, I. Menispe'rmum L. 39 The Moonseed. — Minispenne, Fr. ; Mondsaame, Ger. 1. canadense i. - 40 M. canadinse var. oe. Lamark, M. anguldtum. Moench. 2 iobatum Dec. 40 M. virginicum L. 3 smilacinum - 40 M. &miliicinum Dec. 2. daiiricum Dec. - 40 Trilophus Ampelisdgria Fis. il/. canadense ^ Lam. II. Co'ccuLus Sauk. 40 The Cocculus. — Menispir- mum L., Wendlandia. Willd., AizdrSphilax Wendl. 1. carolinus Dc, - 41 Menisp. carolinum L., Wend- Idndia populifblia Willd., Ati~ drdphilax scandens Wendl., BaumgdrtiaL scandens Mcench : Coccola, Ital, Berberaceae. I, Be'rberis L. - 42 The Berberry. — Pipperidge Bu^h: E'pine vinette, Fr.; Ber- beritze, Ger.; Berbero, Ital. 1. sibirica Pall. - 42 B. altdica Pal. 2. vulgaris L. - 42 B. atn&nsis Presl, B. macro- ciirpa of some : Pipperidge Tree, Dr. Turner : E'pine vinette Fr.; Gemeine Serberitze, Ger. 2 lutea - 43 3 alba 43 4 violacea 43 5 purpiirea - 43 B. innomindta Kalm. CONTENTS. VH 6 nigra - - 43 7 dtjlcis - - 43 8 asp^rma - - 43 9 longifolia - - 43 10 glauca - - 43 B.glaUca Booth. 11 mitis - - 43 12 provincialis - 43 3. emarginata Willd. 44 4. cretica L. - 44 B. c. huxffblia Toum. 5. cratae'gina i)ec. - 45 6. iberica Stev, - 45 B.vulg^v.ibirica Dec, B- sinensis Wal. 7. canadensis JWz//. 45 B. vulgdris Mx., B. v. cana- dSTisis Mart. Mill. 8. sinensis Desf. - 46 B. vu^dHs Thunb. 9. dxi^zls D.Bon - 47 10. Juxifolia Lam. - 47 11. actinacantha J[fartA7 12. heterophylla «/w5. 48 B. ilicifdlia FoTst, B. iricus- pid&ta Sm. 13. ^mpetrifolia Lam. 48 14. dealbata Lindl. - 48 'R.gla^a Hort. 15. asiatica Roxh. - 49 The Lycium of Dioscorides: B. tinctdria Lech. : the Raisin Serherry. 16. aristata Dec, - 49 B. Chitria Buck., B. angusti- fblia Roxb., B. sinensis Desf. Other Species of Berberis — B, Coriiria Rovle, chineDsis GiU., ruscifblia "Lavi.t corymb6sa Hook, et Am., glomerita ' Hook, et Am., GrevUlecfwo Gill. IT. Maho'nI4 Nutt, 50 The Mahonia, or Ashberry.^ Berberis qf Authors, Odostemon Baf. 1. fascicularis Dec. 50 Berberis pinndta Lag., "Qer- Xterisfasciculdris Pen. Cyc. 2. ^quifdliura N^utt. 51 Berberis KquifhUum Ph. 3 nutkana Dec. 3. nervosa Nutt, - 52 Berberis 7zeryo*a Ph.. M.elU' mdcea Dec, Berberis gltemacea Pen. Cyc. 4. repens G. Don • 52 Berberis Agmfilium Lindl., Berberis ripens Pen. Cyc, B. Aquif. ripens Tor. & Grey. 2 r. fascicularis - 53 O^Aer Species ofMahhnm. — M. tenuiRilia, M. nepalensis, M. ocanthifblia, M. iragacantho- Ides, M. caragan£BfX>\\3k - 53 Sect. II. Carpella solitary, or connate s Placenta parietal (that Part of the Capsule which the Seeds are attached to adhering to the Sides or Walls o the Ovary or Germen), attached to the Walls or Cells of the Ovary. Crucidcece, I. Fe'lla - - 53 The Vella 1. Pseudo-Cytisus Z.. 54 Cress- Rocket. — V. integri- folia Sal. : Fatix-Cytise, tr. ; Strauchartige Velle, Ger. Cistdce(B. I. Ci'sTus i. - - 54 The Cistus, or Back Rose.— Holly Rose,GeT3.Yd\ Gum Cistus: Ciste,FT.-y Ctsten Rose, Ger.; Cisto, Ital. 1. purnureus Lam. 55 C. creticus Hort. Kew. 2. incanus i. - - 55 G. dlbidus Hort., C. cymdsus Dec. 3. corbariensis Pour. 55 C. Balvi^dlitts fi Dec, C. po- pubybliui minor of some nurse- ries, C. h-Sbridus Pourr. 4. joopulifolius L. - 5Q 5. /aurifolius L. - 56 6. ladanlferus L. - 57 Ladano, Ital. 1 albiflorus Dec. - 57 C. hedon Clus. Hist. 2 maculatus Dec. - 57 3 plenifoUus Ait. 57 7. cyprius Lam, - 57 C. ladaniferus Bot Mag., C. stenophpUus Lk., C. salicifb- lius of some. OtJier Species qf Cistus.^ C. he- teropnJUus, C. creticus, C. crispus, C. Cupam&nus, C. hirsiitus, C.laxus, C.villbsus, C. oblongifblius, C. undula- latus, C. ^alviaefblius, C. longi- fdiius, C. psilosepalus - 7b II. Helia'nthemum 58 The Helianthemum, or Sun Rose.—Cistisp.'L.'.Heliantheme, Fr.; Sonnen Gurtel, Ger.; Eli- antemo, Ital. 1. vulgare G«. 60 1 crocatum Swt. - 61 2 ciipreum 5'iiJ#. - 61 3 multiplex Swt. - 61 10. scabrosum Pers. 61 Cff^iff scabrbsus Ait. Sect. III. Of^zrmm solitary ; Placenta central. ( TAe Column in the Fruit to which the Seeds are attached central, and not ad- hering to theSide as in Sect. II. ) M.alvdcece, I. ^iBi'scus L. - 62 The Hibiscus.— ^tf^me, Fr., Eibisch, Ger. ; Ibisco, Ital, 1. syriacus L. - 62 Altheea Prutex: Ketmie des Jardins, Fr.; Syrischer Eibisch, Ger. 2 foliis variegatis - 62 3 flore variegato - 62 4 flore purpureo - 62 5 fl. purp. pleno - 62 6 flore rubro - - 62 7 flora albo - - 62 8 flore dlbo pleno 62 TilidcecB. I. TiLiA L. - 63 The Lime Tree Lime Tree, Gerard : Lind, Anglo-Sax. ; Tilleul, Fr. ; Baslholtz, Ger. ; Linde, Ger. and Dutch ; Tiglia, Ital.i Tilo, Span. ; Lipa, Russ. 1, europae'a L. - 63 T. intermedia Dec, T. vul- garis Hayne, T. e. bore&lis Wahl. 1 parvifolia - - 64 T. microphSlla'Vexit., &c. T. c. var. y L. T. ulmif&lia Scop. T. sylvestris Desf. T. parvifolia, Ehrh. T. corddia Mill. 2 grandifolia - 64 T. platyphpUa Scop. T. cordifblia Bess. T. europce a Desf. T. gra-ndifdlia Sm. 3 intermedia - ~ 65 T. intermidia Hayne. T. platyphplla minor H. 4 laciniata - -65 T.platyph. lacinidta Hor. T. asplenifblia nbva Hort. 5 riibra - - 66 T. corinthiaca Bosc. T. coriUlina Hort. Kew. T..e. /3 ritfira Sibthorp. T. e. y Sm. FI. Brit. T. grandifblia^ Sm.E. FI. 6 parvifolia atirea 66 7 grandifolia atirea 66 Other Varieties With va- riegated leaves, T. vitlfblia, co- VUl CONTENTS, ryliftllla, granditblla Sm., co- TalUna (syn. etiropis^a Hook. Lond.). mutabilis, Ute brac- teSta, pr£E*cox,pyrain)dalis,in- termMia, tenuifblia, obliqua, europse^a, Sm., parvifftlla Sm., argentea (syn. Mba W. & K.) 2.(eur.)alba W.^K. 67 T. americdna Du Roi, T. ar- eintea Desf., T. rotundifdlia Vent., T. tomentbsa Moench. 3. americana L. - 68 T. Mhra Vent., T. caroli- mdwaWangenh., 1. canadensis Mx., T. glabra Dec. : Smooth- Ivd, or black, Li?ne Tree, and Bass Wood, Amer. 2 heterophylla - 69 T. heleroph^l. Vent., &c. S alba - - 69 T. dUia Mx., &c. T. laxiflira Pursh. 4 pubescens - 69 T. pubiscens Ait., &c. Other American Lime — T. p. leptophjlla Vent. - - 71 Temstromikcese. I. Malachode'ndkon Cav. 71 The Malachodendron.— Stu- dvtia. V Hirit.t Stewdrtia L. 1. ovatum Cav. 71 Studrda. pentaepnia L'Herit.. Stewdrti^Malachodend. Miller : Stewartia & cinq Styles, Fr. II. Stuart/^ Cav. 72 The Stuartia. I, virginica Cav. - 72 Stewdrtia.Malachodendron L., Stvdrti^ marilandica'Bot.'Rep.: Stevmrtia d un Style, Fr.; Ein- griffl/icke Stuartiet Ger. III. Gordo'n/^ Ellis 73 The Gordonia. 1. Lasianthus L. - 73 Loblolly Bay. — Hypericum Lasianikus L. : Gordonia d Feuilles glabres, Yr.\Langstic~ It'ge Gordonie, Ger. 2. pubescens L'Her, 73 Lacatkiaflorida Sa.\.,Frank- liniA mnericAita Marsh. : the Franklinia, Amer. ; Behaarte Gordonie, Ger. Ui/pi ericacecEp I. HVpe'ricum L. 74f The St. John's Wort. — Fuga Damonum : Mille Per~ tuis,'FT.\ Johanniskraut., Ger.; Jperico, Ital. § i. AscT/reia Chois. A. Sti/les commonly 3. 1. elatum Ait, - 75 2. hircinum L. *• 75 Trdgium Clus., Androsa"- mum f(/tidum Bauh. : JV/i7/e Pertuis d Odeur de Boucy Fr. 2 obtusifoliurn Dec, 75 3 minus Vec, 75 B. 5/y/^s commonly 6. 3. KalmzflBMm L. - 75 H. Sartrdmmm Mill.: Vir- ginia St. John's Wort. 4. Urdkim Ham. - 76 5. calycinum L. - 76 Androsce"^ mum Constantino- politdnum fi. mdx,, Wheeler's Journey; the large.Jiwd St. John's Wort, the large-flwg Tutsan, the Terrestrial Sun, Aaron's Beard: Mille Pertuis d grandes Fleurs, Fr. ; Gross- blvmiger Johanriishraut, Gei.; Asciro, Ital. § ii, Perforaria Chois. A. Sepals entire, 6. prollficura L, - 77 m./olidsum Jacq., H. Kalmu Snum Du Roi. B. Sepals toothed, usually with the Teeth glandular. 7. empetrifolium W, 77 Other Species of Wypericum — H- nepalense Roylc, Ii. ad- prgssum Bartr.^il. rosmari- nif61iuin Lam.., H. g:ali()ldes Lam.f H. fasciculat Lam. 77 II, ^NDROS^*MUM C-^.77 TheAndrosEetnum ,orTufsan. — - Hypericum- L.; Androshne, Fr.; Johanniskraut, Ger.; An- droseme, Ital. 1. officinale Allioni 78 Common Tutsan. — Clpmenon Italbrum. L'Obel, Hyp^riciiTn Androst:s^m?tmJj.:ParkLeav€s: Androseme officinale,'£T. ; Breit- bldttriges Jokanniskraut, Ger.; Cicfliana, Ital. Acerdceoi. 1. ^'cER L, - - 79 The Maple, and The Syca- more. — Krable, Fr. ', Ahoi-rp, Ger.; Acero, Ital. ; Arce, Span. A. Leaves simple, or only slightly or occasionally lobed. 1. oblongum Wall, 79 A. \aurifdlium D. Don ; A. Buzimpala Hamilt. 2. tataricum L, - 80 Zarza-modon, orLociLst-tree^ Russ. B. Leaves Z-lohed, or tr(fids rarely b-lobed. 3. spicatum Lam, 80 A.montdnuin Ait.,k. penn- sylvdnicuTn Du Roi, A. par- vifibrum ^\ir\i.: Mountain Ma- ple: E'rable de Montague, Fr. ; Berg Ahoj-n, Ger. ; Acero di Montagna, Ital. 4. striatum L. - 81 A. pennsplvdnicum'Lm. Sp., A. canadense Marsh. : Snake- barked Maple, Moose Wood, Dog Wood: E'rable jaspl^, Fr. C. Leaves 6-lobed. 5. macrophyllum Ph. 82 6. jolatanoides L, - 83 NorwayMaple: E'rableplane, or E'rable de Norvege, Fr.; Spitz Ahorn, or Spitzbldttriger Ahorn, Ger.; Acero riccio, Ital. 2 Lobeiii - 83 A. Loheln Tenore. A. platanoid. Don's Mill. 3 variegatum Hort, 83 albo-variegdtum Hayne. 4 aureo-var. .ffor^ 83 5 laciniatum i)ec. 83 A. p crispum Lauth. Eagle's Claw Maple. Hawk's Foot Maple. 7. saccharinum L, 85 Sugar Maple, Hard Maple, Bir€s-eye Maple Amer. ; Acero del Canadd, Ital. 2 nigrum - - 8.5 A. s. /3 nigrum Tor. & G. A. nigrum, Mx. .ff/flcA- A'T/g-ar IVee, or Hock Maple, Mx. 8. Pseudo-PlatanusX.86 The Sycamore, or Great Ma- ple, Plane Tree, Scotch ; E'7-a~ ble Sycamore, Fr. ; Elirenbaum, Ger. 4 Acero Fico, Ital. 2 opiilifolJa - - 86 A. opuliSblium Hort. A. n-ilobdtum Hort. A. barbdlum Hort. 3 longifolia - - 86 A. longifdlium Booth. 4 flavo- variegata - 86 A P. lutiscfns Hort. Corstorphine Plane. 5 41 bo,- variegata 86 6 purpurea Hort. 86 Other Varieties — Hodgkins's Seedling, Hort. Soc. ; Leslie's Seedling, Hort. Soc. : A. P. sten6ptera Hayne Dend. ; A. P. macrdptera Hayne Dend. ; )i. Pseud. iijicr6ptera liayne Dend. - - 86 9. obtusatum Kit, - 88 A. neapoliidnum Tenore ; A. h'Qbridum Hort. Soc. Gard. ; the Neapolitan Maple. 2 coriaceura - 88 A. coridceum, Bosc. 3 ibericum - - 88 A. ibiricuTn Bieb. 4 lobatum - 80 A. lobdtum Fisch. D. Leaves 5- rarely 7-lobed. 1 0. O'palus Ait. - 89 The Italian Maple. —A. ro- tundifblium Lam.; A. italum Lauth. ; A. villbsum Presl ; r E'rable Ovale, Fr. ; Loppo. Ital. 11. circinatum Pwn?A 89 12. palmatum Thunb. 90 13. eriocarpum Mx, 90 TheWhite Maple.— A. drny- cdrpum Willd. ; A. tomentosum Hort. Par.; A.gZaficwTM Marsh.; A. virginidnum Duh. ; A. ri- bi'um Wangenh. ; Silver-ivd, or soft. Maple, U. S. ; Sir Charles Wager^s Maples E'rable d Fruits cotonneux, Fr. ; Rauher CONTENTS. IX Ahom^ Ger. ; Acero cotonoso, Ital. Varieties. — A. coccfneum, A. macroc&rpum, A. 116ridum, A. T^via^ &c., qf the Nur- series - - - 90 14. riibrum L. - 91 A. virginianum Herm. ; A. COCC'net'm Ait. ; A. glaUca Marsh. ; A. carolinidnum Wall.; A. saTigt.lneuni Spach : Sujt Maple, Swamp Maple. a intermedium Lodd. 92 15. monspessulanumL.92 A. tr.lobum Moeach ; A. tri- , fbliitm Duh. ; A. trilobdtum Lam ; Franzosfjicher A/iorn, Ger. ; Acero minore, Ital. 16. campestre JO. - 93 Kleiner Ahorn^ Ger. ; Gal- Ivxzi, w Pioppo, Ital. 2 foliis variegatis - 93 3 hebecarpum Dec, 93 A. campBstre Wallr. A. m6lle Opiz. 4 collinum WaUr. 93 A. qffine, and A.7nacrocdrpum Opiz. 5 austriacuin Trait, 93 Other Varieties. — A. c. las- vigSturo Lodd., A. c n^num Lurid., A. taiiricum, and A. hyrcanum - - 93 17. creticum L, - 94 A. heterophyllum Willd. ; A. semperviiens L. Mant. ; A. obtitsijblium Sibthorp. Other Species of A'cfr. ~~ A. barbatum Mx., A. opuliRtlium, A. granatense Bois., A. par- ■vif&lium Tausch, A. glabrum Torr., A. tripartUum Nuit. MSS., A. grandidentatura Nult. MSS. - 94 11. N'EGUNDOMcen. 122 The Negundo, cn-Box Elder — A>cer L. ; NegCindium Ea^n. l^axiniEolium NuttA22 A'cer Negdndo L. N. aceroides Moencji. Neg. aTnericdnum Rafin. Ash-lvd Maple. Black Ash. E'rabled GiguiireslWmois Acero americana, Ital. 2 crispum G. Don J 22 3 wiolaceura Booth 122 Other Species. — N. calKomicum Tor. 8s Gray. JEiSCulacecs, 1. ^'scDLus L. - 124 The Horsechestnut — Uippo- cdslanum Tourn. : Mfirronier dUnde^ Fr. ; Eosskasiffme, Ger. 1. Hippocastaniinii!/. 124 Hippocastanutn vulgdre Tm. : Marronier d^lnde, Fr. ; Ge- meine Rosskasianie, Ger. ; Mar- , rone a^lndia, or Ippoccastina, Ital. 2 flore pUno - 124 3 aureo-vaiiegatum 1 24 4 argenteo-varieg. 124 S incisum Booth, 124 Ml. asplenifdlia Hort. Other Vars.—JE. H. crfs- pum, nigrum, prse'cox, stria- tum, tortufisum, &c. ' 124 2.(H.)ohioensisMc.l25 JE. ohiainsis Llndl., ? M. pal- lida Willd., M. echindta Muhl., JE. gldbro Tor. & Gray, Pdvisi ohioe7isis Mx., Pdv\i\ gldbra Spach : Ohio Buckeye^ Fetid Buckeye, Amer. 3. (H.) rubicundaLs.126 2E. cdmea Hort., IE. rbsea Hort., iE. coccinea Hort., JE. H. var. rubicHnduni Schubert, SI. WatsonikixSi Spach : Whit- ley's Fine Scarlet. 2 rosea - - 127 iE. rdsea Hort. Other Varieties — Whitley's New Scarlet, jE, H. ameri- cana - - - - 127 4. glabra Willd. - 127 5. (g.) pallida ^z//^/. 127 11. PAVz^Boerh. - 128 The Va.via.— Buckeye, Smooth- fruited Horsechestnut Tree, 1. rubra Lam. - 128 JE'iCultfS Pdvia. Z,., iE. Pdvia. et r^bra Hayne, Pdvia. parvi- Jlbra Hort. : Small Buckeye, Amer,: Marronier Pavie, Fr. :, Marrone di Pau, ItaL 2 argilta G. Don - 129 3 sublaciniata Wdts. 129 JE. P serrdta Hort. 4 humilis - - 129 P. httmil/'s G, Don. JE. hiimilis Lodd. 2. flava-Dec. - 130 JE'sculus Jlava Ait., M. liitea Wangh., Pdvia. liitea Poir. ■ the Sweet Buckeye, the Big Buck- eye, Amer. ; the Yellow Horse- chestnut. 3. fr.)neglectaG^.7)7z.l31 JE'sculus neglecta Llndl. 4. ma'crocarpa Hort. 132 JE'sc. P. macrocdrpa Lodd. 5. discolor Swt. - 133 M'sculu^ discolor Ph., JE. P. /3 discolor Tor. & Gray. 6. niacrostachyaXow.133 R'sculus parviflbo-a Walt., JE. macrostdchya Mx., P. alba Poir., P. kdulis Poit, Macro- th^rsus discolor Spach. Other Kinds of Pdvia..— V. cali- f6rnica 7V)r. Sf Gray {JE'scu- lus califdrnica Nutt.), t,ybnii Hort See. Card. - - 134 Sapindace^, T, Kolreute'bw Lx. 1 34 The Kolreuteria — Samndus sp. L. fil. J Ciolreuteria, Ital. 1. paniculata Laxm. 133 Sapindus chin&nsis L. fil., K. pawZimioides L'HBrit. YitdcecE, I. FiVis L, - - 136 The Grape Vine Giud, Cel- tic ; Vid, Span." ; Vigne, Fr. ; Vite, Ital. ; Wein, Ger. 1. vinifera L. - 136 Vigne, Fr. ; Gemeiner Wein- stock, Ger. ; Vile da Vino, Ital. 2 foliis incanis -137 Miller'' s Grape, or Miller's Black Clitster Grape. 3 fol. rubescentibus 137 The Claret Grave. ' 4cpiifdl. laciiiiosai.137 Ciotat, Fr. Vite d'Eghitto, Ital. 2. iabrusca L, - 137 The Fox Grape. — V. taui^ma Walt. : Filxiger Wein, Ger. ; Abrostine, Ital. Varieties. — The Isabella, Schuylkill or Alexander's, Catawba, and Bland's - 137 3. sestivalis Mx, - 137 The Grape Vine. — V. vinifera americana Marsh,, V. inter- media Muhl., V.pahndta Vahl, 4. cordifolia Mx, - 138 The Chicken Grape.— V. inclsa Jacq., V .vulp\na h. spec: the Winter Grape, the Frost Grape. 5. riparia Mx. - 138 The sweet-scented Vine. —V. odoratissima Donn : Vigne de Battures, Amer. 6. vul()ina L. ~ - 138 The Bullet Grape. —V. rntun- difblia Mx. : Muscadine Grape. ir. Ampelo'psis Mx. 139 Wtis sp., Cissus sp.: Ampe- losside, Ital. 1. hcderkcea Mx. - 139 Five-leaved Ivy, — Uideraquin- guefdlia Lin. spec, Vilis quin- guejdlia Lam., Ctsstts hederdcea Ph., C. quinquejblia Hort. Par., MUis heder. Willd., Ampelop- sis quinquefblia Hook.: Vigne lierge, Fr. ; Jungfern Reben, Ger. ; Vite del Canada, Ital. 2 hirsuta T. §• Gr. 140 A hirsitta Donn Cissus heder. j9 hirsuta Ph. 2. bipinnata Mx. - 140 Vitis arbbrea Willd., V. bi- pinnata Tor, & Gr., Cissus stans Pers. ; Vtie del Carolina, Ital. Other Species of Ampel6psis A.inclsa(ViWsmrfi'a Nutt.); cordata Mx. ( Cissus Ampel6p- sis Pers., and Wttis indivisa Willd.) ; capreolkta G, Don (_Yifis capreoldta D. Don), A. b6trya Dec. - - 140 III. Ci'ssus L. . 141 The Cissus. — Ampeldpsis and yUis in part. 1. oi'ientalis icm. - 141 The Ivy Vine. XanthoxylacetJB, . I. Xantho^xylumL.142 Toothache Tree. — Kamp- CONTENTS. Clavah'er, Fr. ; l Zahnwekkolz, Ger. ; Santossilo, Ital. 1. /raxineum Willd. 142 Common Toothache Tree. — Zanthdxylum ramijidrum Mx. ; Z. mite Willd. Enum. ; Z. cari- bce^um Gsert., not of Lam. ; Z. americdnurn Mill. Diet. ; Z. clhva H&rculh var. Lin. sp.; Z. trtcdrpum Hook., not of Mx. : Clavalier d. FeuiUes de JF^-ene, Fr. ; Eschen-blatlriges Zahnwekholz, Ger. ; Frassino spinoso, ItdiX. ; Pric/cli/Ash^A.iner. 2 virginicum - 143 X. virginicum Lodd. Cat. ?X. (f.) tricdrpum. 2. (/)tricarpum Mx.l4:B Z. carolini^num Lam., Tor. & Gray: Ya.skrdi.fraxinifblia'LBia.. 111. Other Species of Xanth6xylum. — X. mite Willd.^ Raxineum i Tor. S; Gray. - - - 143 IL Pte^lea L. - 143 Shrubby Trefoil. — BellOcia Adams : Ormede Samarie, Fr. ; Lederblume, Ger. 1. trifoliata L. - 144 Shrubby Trejoil : Orme de Samarie d trots FeuiUes, Fr. ; drei/biiittn'ge Lederblume, Ger. 2 pentaphylla Mun. 144 3 pubescens Pursh 144 Other Species of Vtilea. — P. Baldwins Tor. & Gray - 144 III. AiLA^NTUsJyesf. 145 The Ailanto. — Rhiis Ehrh. : Verne du Japan, Fr. ; Goiter- baum,, Ger.; Ailanto, Ital. 1. glandulosa Desf, 145 A. procera Sal., "Rk^s hypse- lodSndron Moench, R. cacodin- dron Ehrh., R. sinBnse Ellis : Aylanthe glanduieux, Fr. ; drU- siger Gotterbaum, Ger. ; Albero di Paradiso, ItaL sect. XV. Fruii gynobasic ; that is, in- serted in a fleshy Receptacle^ with which the Style is con- tinuous. Coridcece* 1. CoRiA^RiA Niss, 146 Redout, Fr. ; GerberstraucK Ger. 1. myrtifolia L. - 146 Fustet des Corroyeurs, or Redout d Feuilles de Myrte, Fr. ; Myrtenbliittriger Gerber- strauch, Ger. Other Species of Cori&ria. — C. nepalensis JVall. PI. As. Rar.y C. sarmentbsa Forst. - 146 Subcl. II. CALYCIFLO^R^. Staphyledcece, I. StaphyleV L. 147 Bladder-Nut Tree Staphy- lod&ndron Toum. : Staphilier, faux Pistackier, Fr. ; Pimper- nuss, Ger. ; Stafilier, Ital. 1. trifdlia L. - - 147 Bladder-Nut Tree : Staphilier 5 FeuiUes ternSes, Fr. ; Vir- ginische Pimpernuss, Ger. 2. pinnata L. - 148 Staphyludendron pinndtum Ray : Staphilier i Feuilles ailSes Fr. ; gemeine Pimpernuss, Ger. ; Lacrime di Giobbe, or Pistacchio falsa, Ital. : Job's Tears. Celastracece, L ^uo^NYMus Tm. 149 Spindle Tree — Fusain, Bon- net de Pretre, or Bois d Lardaire, Fr. ; Spindelbawnf Ger. ; Evo- nimo, Ital. 1. europae^us L, - 149 E . vulgdris Mill. Diet. ; Prick- timber, Gerard; Louse Berry, Dogwood J Gatteridge Tree : Fusain d'Eur<^e, Fr. ; Bonnet de Pretre coTnmun, Fr. ; ge- ?neine Spindelbaum, Ger. ; Be~ rette di Prete, Ital. 2 latifolius Lod. Cat. 150 3 fol.variegatisi. C. 150 4 fructu albo L. C. 150 5 nanus Lodd. Cat, 150 2. verrucosus Scop. 1 50 E. europ^us leprh&us Lin.: Fusain galeux, ou verruqueux, Fr. ; Warziger Spindelbaum, Ger. ; Fusaria verucosa, Ital. 3. latifolius C. BauJi, 150 E. europtc'vs var. 2. Lin. : Fusain d larges Feuilles, Fr. ; breitbVdttriger Spindelbaum., Ger. ; Fusaria maggiore, Ital. 4. nanus Sieb. - 151 E. caucasicum Lodd. 5. atropurpureus Jq, 151 B,. caraliniinsis Marsh., ? E. latifblius Marsh. : BurningBush, Amer. 6. americanus jC. - 152 E. sempervh-ens Marsh., E. alternifblius Moench : the Burn- ing Bush, Strawberry Tree, Amer. 2 angustifdlius 152 var. Tor. & Gray. ?E. angustifdlius Pursh. 3 sarmentosus Nutt. 152 var. y Tor. & Gray. 4, obovatus iVw^i. - 152 var. 5 Tor. & Gray. E. obovdtus Dec. Prod. 7. HamiltomaTZMA'WLlSS E. atropurpzlreus Wall. Fl. Ind. Other Species of "Eudnymus. — E. jap6nicus Thunb., japdni- cus fbliis varieg5tis,^a?-c!raiEe- fblius Raxb., grSssus Wall., micrSnthus D. Don, lilcidus D. Don, echin^tus Wall., tin- gens Wall., glJlber Roxb., fimbridtus Wall., Indicus Heyne, vegans Wall., subtri- flbrus Blume, Thunbergi'^WMi Blume, peodulus Wall., frigi- dus Wall. - - - 153 II. Cela^strus X. 154 staff Tree. — Euonymoides Moench : CBlastre, Fr. ; Celas- ter, Ger. 1. scandens L. - 154 Bourreau des Arbres, Fr. j Baummb'rder, Ger. ; Bitter- sweet, Waxwork, Amer. Other Species of Celastrus. — C. bullatus Pluk., nepalensis Lodd. J jayracanthifblius Lodd., 1S4 III. Nemopa''nthes 154 Ilicidides Dum. Cours. 1. canadensis Dec. 155 Vlex canad^Ttsis Mx., N.fas- cicul&ris Rafin., Vlex delicatula Bart. Fl. Vir., ? "Prrnos litcidies Ait. Hort. Kew. ; Houx du Canade, Fr. Other Species of Celastrdcets. — Mdytenus ehilensis Dec. 156 Aquifoliacece, I. Mygi^nd^ Jacq. 156 Vlex Pursh, Oredphila Nutt. I. myrtifolia Nutt. 156 Tlex Myrsinites Pursh, Ore- 6phila myrtifUia Nutt. II. /'lex X. 156 The Holly.— A^wiyoiiM?^ Tru., Gsert. : Houx, Fr. ; Stechpalmet or Heilse, Ger. ; Ilice, Ital, A. Leaves spiny-toothed. 1. ^quifolium .L. - 157 Gammon Holly, Hulver, Hut- fere, Holme, Eng. ; Le Houx, Fr. ; Stechpalme, Stechlaub, Hulse, Christdorn, Mausdoiti, Kleezebusch, Ger. ; Schubbig hardktlk, Dutch ; Stikpalme, Danish ; Jernek, Christtom, Swedish ; Waefoseheld, Ostro- kof, Padub, Russ. ; AgrifoliOy Ital. ; Acebo, Span. ; Azevinho, Port. a. Varieties designated from the Form, Magnitude, Thickness, Surface, or Margin of the Le^f. 2 heterophyllum Bt. 158 3 angustifdlium Ht. 158 4 latifolium Hort. 158 Water HoUy. 5 altaclerense Hort. 158 6 marginatum Hrt. 158 CONTENTS. XI 7 ZaurifoUum HorL 158 8 ciliatum Hort. - 158 9 ciliatum minus J?if. 158 10 reciirvum Hort. 158 11 serratifolium j¥ri. 158 12 crispum HorL 158 13 ferox HorL - 158 Hedgehog HoUy. Houx-Zifrisson, Fr. 14 crassifolium. Hort. 159 15 senescens Swt. 159 b. Varieties designated from the Colours of the Leqf. 16 albo-marginatura 159 17 aureo-marginatuml59 18 aibo-pictum Hort. 159 19 aureo-pictum Ht. 159 20 ferox arg^nteum 159 21 ferox aureum Ht. 159 c. Varieties designated from the Colour of the Fi'uit. 22 friictu luteo HrL 1 59 23 fructu albo HorL 159 24 fructu nigro HortA59 2. (J.) balearicai). 160 The Minorca Holly.— I. Aqut- folium var. 5 I.am. Diet., I. Ttiader&nsis Willd. Eaum. 3. opaca Ait, - 160 American HoWy. —kgrifblium vulgdre Clayt. Fl. Virgin., I. A.(juifolium Gronov. : dunkel- hlattrige Stechpalme, Ger. ; Jgr?folio a Foglie di Quercia^ Ital. 2 laxiflora - 161 I. laxiflbra Lam. I. opdca var. Nutt. 3 magellanica - 161 B. Leaves toothed, serrated, or crejmte, but not spiny. 4. Perddo Ait. - 161 I. maderinsis Lam. 5. Cassme Ait. - 161 Broad-leaved Dahoon Holly.— kquifoLium Curolin&nse Catesb., 1. carolinidna Mill. Diet, I. cassinoidf* Lk. En. : the Cas- sina of the American Indians, Rafin. 6. angustifolia Willd, 162 I. myrtifdlia Walt. &c., I. Tosmarinffolia Lam. Ill- 7. vomitoria Ait - 162 South Sea Tree. — L Casslne vera "Walt., lAigHstrina Jacq., Cassine Peragua MiU. Icon.. I. Cassina Mx., I. religibsa Bart,, I. fiyridHna Lam. HI. : Boux avnlachine, Fr. ; True Cassine, C^tssina, Florida ; the Yapon, Virginia ; the evergreen Cas- sia, or Cashioberry Bush, Eng. C- Leaves quite entire, or nearly so. 8. i3flAooa Wall. - 162 I. Cassine WiUd. Other Species ofVlex - 163 III. Pri>*os i. - 163 Winter Berry. — Ageria Adan- son; Apalanche, Fr. ; Winter- beere, Ger. § i. Primides Dec. 1. decIduLis Dec. - 164 Vlex ^rinbides Ait. Hort. Kew., Vlex decidua Walt. Fl. Car. 2. ambiguus Ma\ - 164? Cassine carolinidna Walt. FL Car. § ii. Ageria Dec. 3. verticillatus L. - 164- p. ^adifblius Willd. Enum., p. Grontvii Mx., P. cov^rtus Mcench, P. yrunifblius Lodd. Cat. 4. laevigatas Pursh 165 3. lanceolatus P«rs/i 165 p. canadinsis Lyon, P. liici- dus HorL § iii. Winiirlia Mcench. 6. glaber L. - 166 Ink Berry, Amer. 7. coriaceus Pursh 166 p. gldber Wats. Varieties. — Leaves broader than those of the species, obovate-lanceolate and acuminate ; and leaves narrower, lanceolate, and acute - - - 166 Other Species of Vrinos. — P. dilbius G. Dpn, P. atom^rius Nutt. - - - - 166 ^hamndcece, I. .Zi'zYPHUS Toum. 167 The Jujube, — Jujubier^'FT. ; Judendorn, Ger.;, Giitggiolo, Ital. I. vulgaris Lam. - 167 "Rhammcs Zizyphus Lin. Spec, i Z. saliva Desf., not of Gsert. ; Z. JDjuba Mill. Diet., not of Lam. : Jvjubier cultiv€, Fr. ; Brustbeeren, Ger. ; Giug- giolOj Ital. Other Species of Zizyphus.—Z. sinensis Z-aTTz., Z. spina Chris- ti, Z. flexudsa, Z. incfirva 168 II. Paliu'rus L. 168 Christ's Thorn. — Paliare^ Port-chapeau, Fr. ; Judendorn, Ger. ; Paliuro, Ital. 1. aculeatus iflw. 168 p. pHasus Dum. Cours,, P. austrdlis Gaert., P. vulgaris D. Don, Hhammts Valivrus Lin. Spec, Zixyphus ?ali^rus Willd. Spec: Christ's Thorn, or Bam of Libya, Gerard : E'pine de Christ, Arpalon,Forte-chapeau, Fr. ; geJiUgelter Judendorn^ Gor. ■ Giuggiolo salvatico, Ital. \ X/i'«Vio the herb-shops of Con- stantinople. 2. (a.) virgatus Don 169 III. Berche'm/^N, 169 (En6pUa Hedw. F. Gen. and SchuLc. Syst. 1. volubilis Dec. - 170 "^idmnus volitbilis Lin. fil. Suppl., Jacq. Ic. Rar. ; Zizyphiis volubilis Willd. Spec. ; (Enoplia voliibilis Schnlt. Syst.: Supple Jackf Virginian. IV. i^HA^NUS Lam. 170 The Buckthorn. — Nerprun, Fr.; Wegdorn, Ger. ; Bamno, Ital.; the Ram^ or Hart's, Thorn, Gerard ; Box Thorn. § i. Marcorella Neck. A- Alat^rnusToiim.— Flowers rcuiemose, 5-cleft. Evergreen Shrubs. 1. Jlaternus L. 171 Alatirnus Vhillyrea Mill. Diet. : Alaterna, Ital. 2 balearicaif. Par. 171 R. rotundifdliits Dum, 3 hispanica jy. Par. 171 4 angustifolia - 171 R. Ctitsii mUd. 5 foliis maculatis 171 6 foliis aureis - 171 7 foliis argenteis 1T2 2. hybridus L'Herit. 172 R. burgundlacus Hort. Par., R. sempervirens Hortulan. B. 'Rhdmnus Dec. — Flowers 4.- cleft, in Fascicles a. Branchlets terminating in a Thorn. 3. catharticus L. 172 The White Thorn of the mo- dern Greeks. 4. tinctorius Waldst. 173 R, cardiosp&rmus Willd. Herb. . 5. infectorius L. - 173 Avignon Berry. — R, Jjpcium Scop. Cam. ; Dwarf, or yellow- berried. Buckthorn : Nerprun des TeinturierSf Graine d Avig- non, Nerprun teignant, Fr. ; fdrbender Wegdorn, Ger. ; Cervinopin, Ital. 6. saxatilis L. - 173 R. longifblius Mill. Diet. : Stein Wegdorn, Ger. ; Lycio Italiano, Ital. 7. ^uxifolius Poir. - 173 ? R. huxiftlius Brot. Fl. Lus., Jj^cium huxifbiium Bauh. 8. /ycioides L. - 174 9. Erythroxylon P. 174 2 angustissimum Dec. R. \ycioides Pall. Fl. Koss. b. Branchlets not terminated by Spines. 10. dahuricus Pall. 174 11. aXmibXmsL'Her.nb 2 franguldides Dec. 175 'R.fran^-uloides Mx. 12. alpinus L. 175 2 grandifolius 176 CONTENTS. 13. pumilus L. - 176 R. rupestris Scop. Carn.; J{anno spaccasassi, Ital, § ii. Frangula Tourn. 14. carolinianusfra//.176 15. Frangula i. - 177 Berry-beaHng Alder : Ner- prun Bourgine, Aune noir, Fr. ; glatter ^yegdorn, Ger. ; Alno nero, Ital. 2 angustifolia iJorf. 177 16. \^t\i6\\\xsVHer. 177 Other Species of 'Khamnus. — R. persicifblius Bei-t. , R. amygd&linus Df^, R. joru- niftUus A'm., R. Sibthorp- idnus Schult. (syn. R. pubis- ecus Sibth. Fl. Graec), R- Purshz'dnwA- Dec. (syn. R. alnijvlius Pursh, not of L* Heritier), R. oleifblius Hook., R. umbellStus Cav. Icon., R. ^aurifblius Nutt.^ R. crbceus ^utt.j R. lanceol^tus Pursh, R. parvifblius Tor. 8[ Gray^ R. ferruglneus Nutt, R. cali- f6rnicus Esch., R. texensis Tor. 4" Grayy R. pubescens Fl. Grec. 185 3. ientiscus i. - 186 TheMastic Tree: Corno capra^ Ital. 2 angustifolia Dec. 186 P. massiliejisis Mill. Diet. P. anf;. massilicn. Tourn. 3 cbla. N. Du Ham. 186 P. ch\a Desf. Cat. H. Par. Other Species of Fistdcia P. atlantica Be^. - - 186 II. i^Hu's L. - 186 The Sumach. — Sumac, Fr. ; Sumachy Ger. ; Rit, Ital. § i, Cotin-us Tourn. 1. Cotinus L, - 187 Venetian Sumach. — Cdtinus Cogs^grm Scop. Cam., Mcench Metn., CotiJiTis coridcea Duh. Arb : Venus Sumack, Venice Sumach, Wild Olive ; Su7nach Fustet, or Arbre aux PBrugues, Fr. ; Periicken Sumach, Ger. ; Scotano, Ital. § ii. Sumach Dec. 2. typhina L. - 187 Stag's Horn Sumach. — R. vir- ginidna Bauh. Pin. : Virginian Sumach : Somacco pelose, Ital. 1 arborescens - 188 2 frutescens 188 3 viridiflora - 188 R. viridiflbra Poir. 3. glabra L. - 188 Scarlet Sumach. 1 hermaphrodita 188 R. gldbra Willd. Spec. 2 dioica - - 188 ? 3 cocclnea - - 188 R, carolinidnum Mill D. R. Hcgans Ait., Lodd. Cat. 4). venenata Dec, - 189 Poison Wood, or Swamp, Su- mach. — R. vBmix Lin. Sp., Big. Med. Bot. ; Toxicodindron pin- ndtum Mill- Diet. : Poison Su- machf Poison Elder. 5. Coriaria i. - 189 The Elm-leavcd Sumach: Su- mac des Corroyeurs,Fr.i Gerber Sumach, Ger. ; Somacco RhU, Ital. 6. copallina L. - 190 Mastich-tree-leaved Sumach. 2 leucantha t/izcg. 190 7. Toxicodendron L. 190 R. Toxicodindj-on, and R. ra- (Rcans L.,Dec., Don's Mill-.&c. 1 i^uercifolium T. §• G. 1 90 R. T. /3 qtiercifZlium Mx. 2 radicans T. §• G. 191 R. T. oe. vvlgdre Mx. R. T. /3 radicans Tor. 3 microcarpon T. ^ G. 1 9 1 R. T. y mici-ocarpon Mx. § iii. Lohcidium. Dec. 8. aromaticum Alt. 191 R. suaveolens Ait., R. irifoli- dta Lodd. Gat, R. canadensis Marsh., Lobddium aromaticum Raf., Turpinia. Raf., Schmdlzia. Desv., Myrica irifolidta Hort. Toxicodendron crendtum. Mill. Diet. Other Species of BhUs. — R. pi5- milajtfj;., i2. diversSloba Tor. Sf Gray (R. lobdta Hook.), R. trilob^ta Nutt, R. iaurina ISfutt. ■ 192 III. DuvAU'^ Kth. 192 Sch\nus sp. Andr., A.myris sp. Cav, 1. dependens Dec. 192 ATn^ris polygama Cav. Ic. ^chl7tus depindens Ort. Decad., DuvaHaL depBndsns a. Hook. Bot. Misc. 2. ovata LindL - 193 3. latifolia Gi/l. - 193 D. dependens y Hook. Bot. Misc. : Huirtghan, Chili. Other Species of DuvaHa.. — D. dentSta Dec. (Schinus dentdia Bot. Rep.), D. sinuata Lindl. Legumindcece. Sect. I. SOFHdREjE. L SopHO'RA R.Br. J 95 Sophbfffi spec. Lin. Gea : So- phore, Fr. and Ger. 1. japonica L. - 196 S. sinica Rosier Joum. Phys. 2 variegata Hort. 196 3 pendula Hort. 196 2. heptaphjlla L. - 197 II. Virgi'l/.^ L. - 197 1. lutea Mx, - 198 Yellow Wood. III. PlPTA'NTHUS S. 198 1. nepalensis Swt, - 199 Thermdpsis laburnifhlia D. Don, Anagjfris indica Wall MS.fBaptisia nepalSnsis Hook Exot. Fl. Sect. II. Lor^M, IV. U\exL. - 199 The Furze — Ajonc^ Fr. ; Heck- saame, Ger. j Ulice, Ital. CONTENTS. XUl 1. europse'a //. - 200 Genista sptndsa L*Obel, U. grandifidraroMT., U. vemdiis Thore : IVhin, Gorse, Prickly/ BTowne: Jjonc commun, ' Jonc marin^ Jamarin^ Genet €pi. neux, Fr. 2. (e.) nana Forst - 201 V.7ninor Roth Cat., U. eti- ropahis j3 Lin. Spec. 3. (e.) provincialise. 201 XJ. austrdlis Clement. 4. (e.) atrictaMackay 201 Irish Furze. — U. MHrnica Don's Mill., U. fastigidta Hort. Other Species qf Vlex U. ge- nistnldes BroL ( U. mitt's Hort., Stauracdnthus aphyl- lus Lk.J - - - 202 V. iS'pA'RTiuM Dec. 202 Spanish Broom. — Spartidnthus Lk. Enum., Genista sp. Lam. andMoench: Sparzio, ItaL 1. ^'unceum L, - - 202 Genista iCncea Lam. and Du Ham.,^ G. odordta IMcench, SpartidntAns jUnceKS Mcench : Genet d'Espugne, Fr. ; Binsen- artige PJrievten^ Ger.; Ginesira di SpagnOf Ital. 2 odoratissiinum 202 S. odoratissim. D. Bon. S. acutifblium Lindl. 3 flore pleno 202 VI. Geni'stx Lam. 203 Genista el ^Artium spec. Lin.: Genit^ Fr, j Ginster^ Ger. j Gmestra, Ital. § i. Unarmed. Leaves all, or for the most part, tri- Jbliolate, 1. parviflora Dec. - 203 SpartiuTn parvifibrum Vent. 2. candicans L. - 204 Cytisus candicans JAn.Sp.y C. pubiscens Mcench. 3. patens Dec, - 204 Sydrtium pdtens Car. Ic. 4. trlcfuetra ^z/. - 204 G. Lrtquetra Lam. ? 5. umbellata Poir. 204 ^pm-tiu7n umbelldtum Desf., L'Herit ; Bolina in Andalusia. 2 capitata - - £05 Spdrtium capitd,tum Cav. § ii. Spinose. Leaves all, or some oftkem,trybliolate, 6. lusitanica L. - 205 7. (1.) radiata Scop. 205 Spartiujn radidium Lin. sp., Mill. Ic, Sims Bot. Mag,, G. iV- vBnsis Dalech. 2 umbellata -205 G. umbelldta Foir. Sporf. umbelldtum Desf. 8. ephedroides Dec. 205 9. triacanthos BroU 206 G, rostrdta Poir, Suppl. 2 interrtipta Dec. 206 Spdr/ium in^err1. Am. Sept., ATtSnymos frut6scens Walt. Fl. Car., Wisihr\a spe- ci5«a Nutt. Gen. Amer., Thyr- sdnthus frutescens Elliot Joum. Acad. Sci. Philad., Phaseo- /oidesHort.Angl.: TheKidney- bean Tree. 2. chinensis Dec. - 249 Gl(fcine chiTt^nsis Bot. Mag., G. sinensis Bot Rep., W. Con~ sequdna. Loudon in H. B. Sect. V. Cassie'.^:. XX. Gledi'tschZ/^ 249 A.cdcia sp. Pluk. : FSvier. Fr. ; Gleditschie, Ger. ; Gledit- sia, Ital. 1. triacanthos L. - 250 The Honey Locust. — G. tria- canthos var. ct polysp&rma Mart. Mill. : G. mellloba Walt.; G. spinbsa Du Ham. ; Acdcia triacanthos Hort. Acdcia ante' ricdna Pluk. . FSvier d'Ami- rique, Fr. ; Fava ainericana Ital. ; Thorny Acacia^ Sweet Locust,iJmted States ; Carouge d Miel, Canada. 2 inermis Dec. - 250 G. l^E^vis Hort. 3 brachycarpa - 250 G. brachycarpa Pursh. G. triacanthos var. j3 Mx- 2. (t.) monosp^rma 25 1 The Water Locust. — G.caro- linensis Lam. Diet., G. aqua- tica Marsh, G. triacdntha Gser^. Fruct. 3. sinensis Lam. - 252 G. A($m'rfaWilId.Sp.: Fevier de la Chincy Fr. 2 inermis N. Du H. 252 G.japSnica Lodd. Cat G.javdnica Lam. 3 major Himrtnd/er,Fr. ; Mandelbaum, Ger. : Mandorlo. lUl. 1. n^na X, - - 262 Vrilnus inermis Gmel., A. nhna var., A. vulehris Dec. : Amandier nain^ Fr. ; Zwer- chemandel, Ger. ; Beschino deUa China, Ital. 2 georgica Dec. - 262 A. gedrgica Desf. Arb. 3 campestris Ser. 262 A. campestris Besser E- num., Hort. Fl. Aust., Lodd, Cat. A. Besser'ika^a. Scholt. in Cat, Hort, Vindob., 1818, and Lodd. Cat. 4 sibirica Lod. Cat. 262 2. incana Pall. - 263 A n&na var. incAna Gulden- Btad and Arb. Brit,, A. tomen- tSsula Lodd. Cat, 3. communisi/, - 263 1 am^ra Z?ec. - 263 The bitter Almond. Amandier amer, Fr GemeineMandclbaumGeT^ 9 dulcis Dec. - 264 The sweet Almond. Amandier d petits Fruits, Amande douce, Fr. Susse Mandel, Ger. 3 fl. pleno Baum. C. 264 4 fol. varieg. B, C, 264 5 fragilis Ser. 264 A.fr&gilis Hell. Amandier des Dames, K. Du Ham., Nois. J. F. Coque moUe, Amandier d Cogue iendre, Fr. Abellan, Provence. 6 macrocarpa Ser. ^64 Amandier & gros Fruits, N. Du Ham., Noisette Jard. Fruit. Amandier Sultane, Arnan- dier des Dames, Amaji- dier Pistache, Fr. 7 jjersicoides Ser. 265 Amandier-Becher, N. Du Ham., Noisette Jard Other Varieties ~ 265 4 orientalis Ait. - 265 A. argSntea Lam. Diet,, N. Du Ham, 11. Pe'rsica Tottrn. 265 The Peach Tree.— Ampsdalus sp. of L. & Juss., Trichocdr- ptts Neck. Elem.: PecAer, Fr.; Pfirschenbaum, Ger. ; Pesca, Ital. 1. vulgaris MUl. 266 Ampgdalus Virsica L. Sp. : Beche duveteuse, Fr. ; BRrsche, Ger. 1 The free-stone common Peach 266 Beche, Fr. 2 The cling-stone com- mon Peach 266 Bavie, Fr. 3 flore pleno Hort. 266 4 alba Lindl. 266 5 foliis variegatis.ff. 266 6 compr^ssa Hort, 266 TAe flat Beach of Chirm, 2. (y.) lai'vis Dec, 267 The Nectarine Tree Ampg' dalus Terstca Lam. Diet., A. Firsica Nectarina Ait. Hort. Kew. : Beche lisse, Brugnon, Fr. ; Besco noce, Ital, 1 The free-stone Nec- tarine - 267 Biche lisse, Fr. 2 The cling-stone Nec- tarine - 267 Brugnon, Fr. in. ^rmeni'aca r. 267 The Apricot — Britntts sp. of Lin.and others: Abricotier, Fr,; Aprikosenbaum^ Ger. ; Albi- coccOf ItaL 1, vulgaris Lam, 267 Pr&wtts Armenmca Lm. Sp.: Albicocco americanOf Ital. ] ovalifolia (Ser. 268 ^dr/co* ^Ti^oumoi'f, A. prScoce, A. blanc, Fr. 2 eordifolia 5*6^ - 268 3 foliis variegatis ^.268 4 flore pleno Hort. 268 2. dasycarpa Pers. 268 A. airopurpiirea Lcis. in N. Du Ham., Pr^ntts dasytidrpa Ehrh. Beitr., P. Armeniaca nigra Desf. Cat. : the black Apricot. 2^ersicif61ia Lois, 269 A. ■persici/iflin Don'sMilL Abricot noir d Feuilles de Becker, Fr. 3. (v.) sibirica Pers, 269 Prhnus sibirica Lin. Sp. 4. (v.) brigantiaca P. 270 Vrilnus brigantiaca Vill. Dauph., Dec. Fl. Fr., Lois, in N. Du Ham. Other Species of Armeniaca. — A. pedunculiita Led. - 270 IV. PruVus Tourn. 270 The Plum. — PrunSphora Neck. Elem., PrUnus sp. of L. and others : Brunier, Fr. ; Pftaumcy Ger. ; Bruno, Ital. J. spinosa L. - 271 Common Sloe Thorn P. syl- vistris Fuch. Hist., Kay Syn. : Blackthorn : Brunier €pineux, BruneUier, E'pine noire, or Mere-du-Bois, Fr. ; Sc/ilea- dorn, or Schlen Bflawm, Ger. ; Bnigno or Brunello, Ital. 1 vulgaris Ser, - 271 P. spindsa Lois. 2 foliis varieg. Ser. 271 3 microcarpa Wallr. 271 4 macrocarpa Wallr, 271 5 ovata ^^er. - 271 6 flore pleno 271 2. insititia i. - 272 TheBullace Plum. _ P. syl- vhtris prm'cox altior Tourn., P. sylvisiris mdjor Ray : Bru' nier sauvage, Fr. ; A/fatozis in Dauphiny j Kirschen Bjiaume^ Ger. 1 fruclu nigro Hrt. 272 2 f. liiteo-albo Hrt. 272 3 fructu rubro Hrt. 273 4 flore pl^no Desc. 273 3. domestica L, - 273 P. satlva Fuchs & Ray : Pru~ nier domestique, Fr. ; gemeine PJlaume^ Ger. ; Sawno domes- tico, Ital. 2 flore pleno Hort, 273 3 foliis variegatis ^.273 4 armenibides 5"er. 273 4. Cd.)myroba]anaX.274. P. Mprobdlan Du Ham., P. myrobalana Lois., P. ceras'^era Ehrh. Beitr. : VirginianCherry, Early Scarlet Plum : Prum'er Myrobalan, or Cerisette, Fr.; Kirschpiaume^ Ger. 2 foliis var. J\r. Z)w^. 274 5. candicans Balb. 275 CONTENTS. xvu 6. Cocomilla Tenore 275 7. maritinia Wangen. 275 ? p. acuminata Mx. Fl. Bor. Amer. 8. pubescens Poii\ 276 9. divaricata Led, 276 Oi^er Species qf "Priinus - 276 V. Ce'rasus Jiiss. 276 The Cherry — LaztracSrasus Tourn., Frunics sp. L. : Ce- risier, Fr. ; Kirsche^ Ger. ; Ci- HegiOt Ital. § i. CerasSphora Dec. The Cherry-bearing Kinds. A. Spedes ctdtivated for their Fruit. 1. sylYestns Sauk. 277 Synonymes and Garden Names. — C. dviuTn Mtench, N. Du Ham., Bon's Mill. ; C. nigra Mill. Diet., not of Ait. ; 'Priinus dvium Lin. Sp. ; P. dviumvar. a4'/3 Willd. Baum. ; P. dvium var. ^ §■ y Eng. Flor. ; P. nigricans and P. vdria Eiirh. Beitr. : Gean^ Bigarreau, Co- rone, Cfyroon^ Small Blacky Black Her^ordshire, Black Heart, Black Mazzard, the Merry Ti'ee of the Cheshire peasants ; the Merries in Suf- folk : Merisier, MeHse grosse noire, Guignier, Bigarreautier, Heaumier, Fr. ; SUsse Kirsche, Ger. ; Ciregiolo, Ital. 1 Merisiers or Merries 277 2 Guigniers or Geans {C.Jidiana.Dec.y 277 3 Heaumiers, the hel- met-shaped Cherries ( C. Juliana var. heaumiana jDc.) 278 " Var. for Ornament. C. s. duracina 2 flore pleno Hort. - 278 Mh-isier d Fleurs doubles, or Merisier Renuncu- lier, Fr. 4 Bigarreautiers, the Bigarreaus, or hard- fieshed Cherries (C. duracina Dec.) 278 2. vulgaris Mill. - 278 Synonymes and Garden Names. — C€r. dvium Moench ; Vrknus Cirasus Lin. Sp. ; C. Aort^nsis Per B. Syn. ; C.capro- ni^na Dec. Prod., Don^s Mill. ; P. austera and P. acida Ehr. Beitr. ; P. C^rastLS var. a. Eng. Flor. : Cherry, Kentish or Flem- ish Cherry, Morello, May Duke: Cerise de Montmorency, Cerise de Paris, Cerise d Fruits ronds^ Cerisier du Nord, Ceriaier, and Grioitier in some provinces, Fr. ; Saure Kirsche, Germ. ; Marasca, or Ciliegio, Ital. Ornamental Varieties. 2 flora semiplenoJ?. 279 3 flore pUno Hort 279 4 persiciflora Hort. 279 5 foliis variegatislf.279 Fruit-bearing Varieties, Selection exemplifying the dijS^rent foi'ms which ike varieties qf the cultivated cherries assume,as standard trees.— The Bigarreau,But- ner's Yellow, the Kentish Cherry, the May Duke, the Morello, D'Ostheim - 279 6 Marascha - - 280 Pi-ilnus Marascha Jacq. ' B. Species or Varieties culti- vated as ornamental or cu- rious. 3. (v.) sempel'fl6rens 281 Pr^nus seinperfldrerts Ehrh. Beitr., P. serotina 'RotYi. Catal.: the Weeping Cherry, the All- saints Cheri-y : Cerise de la Toitssaijtt, Cerise de St. Martin, Cm-ise tardive, Fr. 4. serrulata 6^. Z)on 281 Pr^nus serruldta, Lindl. Hort. Trans. : ike double Chi- nese Cher7'y:Yung.To, Chinese. 6. Pseudo-Cerasus 282 Pi-ilnus Pse&do-Cirastts Lindl. Hort. Trans.; P.pani- culhta Ker Bot. Reg., but not of Thunb. ; Yung- To, Chinese, 6. CliamEEcerasus L. 282 Siberian Cherry — C. inter- media Poir. Diet. ; P.fruUcbsa Pall., aceording to Besser ; Cc- rasus p&mila C.Bauh., aecord- ing to Pall. Fl. Ross. ; Chamai- cirasus fruticbsa Pers. Syn. 7. prostrata Ser. - 282 Prunus p7-ostrdta'^OTt. Kew. and Lab. PI- Syr. Dec., P. in- c&na Stephen in Mem. Soc. Mosq. 8. ^ersicifolia Lois. 283 Priinus per sicifdlia Desf.Arb. 9. borealis Michx. - 283 Priinus boredh's Poir. Diet. : the Northern Choke Cherry, Amer, 10. pumila Michx. - 263 Primus p&mild Lin. Mant., Pursh Fl. Amer. Sept.; C^- rasus glaiica Mcench Meth. : Bagouminier, Nega, Mmel du Canada, Fr. 11. (p.)depr^ssaPA. 284 C. piimila Mich. Fl. Bor. Amer., not Priinus piimila L. P. Susquehdn^ Willd Enum. ed. 2. : Sand Cherry, Amer. 12. pygmae^a Lois. 284 Priinus pygTnt^ a Willd. Sp., Pursh Fl. Amer. Sept. 13. nigra Lois. - 284 Pritnusmgra Ait. Hort.Kew., Pursh Fl. Amer. Sept., P. americ&na Darlington in Amer. Lye. N.H. of New York. 14. hy emails Mickx. 283 P-i-^nus %e9B(i/i"* MIchx. Fl. Bor. Amer., Pursh Fl. Amer. Sept., Elliot Carol. : the black Choke Cherry, Amer. 15. chicasa Mickv. - 283 Pi-^nus chicasa Pursh Fl. Amer. Sept., P. insitUia Walt. Carol. : Chickasaw Plum in Carolina. 16. pubescens Ser. - 283 Prhnus pubescens Ph. Ft. Amer, Sept. and Lodd. Cat. ; P. sphmrocdrpa'M.ichni.. Fl.Bor. Amer., not of Swavtz. 17. pennsylvanica i. 286 Prhnus pennsylvdnica L. fil. Suppl., Pursh R. Amer. Sept., Willd. Baum. ; P. lanceoldta Willd. Abb. 18. japonica ZyO?5. - 286 Pritnus JapSnica Thunb. Fl. Jap. and Lmdl. in Bot. Reg., P sinensis Pers. Ench. 2 miiltiplex Ser. - 286 Ampgdalus pitmila Lin. Mant. 19. sinensis G.Don 287 20. ^alicina G. Don 287 Priinus Bnltcina Lindl, in Hort. Trans. : Ching-Cho-Lee, or Tung- Choh- Lee, Chinese. Species belonging to the preced- ing Subdivison (B,), not yet int7'oduced. — C. Phoshia Ha- milt., Priinus cerasoldes D. Don, Ch-asus Piiddum Roxb., C. glandulbsa, C. Sspera, C. inclsa, Lois., Chiunilis Mar. § ii. PatZz v^ri Ser. The true Bird-Cherry Kinds of C&rasus. A. Species of Bird~ Cherry Trees already in Cultivation in Britain. 21. MahdlehUiW, - 288 Pr&w«sMahMebi. Sp.: Bars de Sainte Lucie, or Prunier odo~ rani, Fr. ; Mahalebs-ldrsche, Ger.; Ciliegio canino, Ital. 2 fruetii flavo H(yrt. 288 3 latifolium Hart. 288 22. Padus Dec, - 289 Prhnus Pddus Lin. Sp., Hook. Brit. Flora, Smith's Engl. Flora : Bird-Cherry, Fowl Cherry, Hag-berry Swt. : Cerpsier ^ Grappes, Merisier d, Grappes, Laurier-Putier or Putiet^ faux Bois de Ste. Lucie, Fr. ; Hag-bier, Swedish ; Trau- beden Kirsche, Ger. ; Ciliegio rainosa, Ital, 1 vulgaris Ser. - 289 C. Pddus^ Dee., N. Du Hm . 2 parviflora Ser. - 289 3 riibra Ser. 290 C. Pddus fr'&ctu 9-ilbro Dee. & Lois. Priinus riibra W,, accord- ing to Ait. H. K. 2d ed. 4 bracteosa Ser. - 290 Pddus raccmhsa Hort. xviu CONTENTS. 23. virginiana Mx. 291 Priinvs rubra Ait. Hrt. Kew. Ist ed., VVilld. Abb. ; P. ar^ta Bigelow in Litt. : Cerisier de Vir^inie, Fr. ; Vtrgimsche Kirsche, Ger. ; Wild Cherry Tree, Amer. 24. (v.) sev6tinB.Ls.29l American Bird-Cherry Tree. — V r&nus sei'6tina Willd. Ab,, v. virginiana Mill. Diet. 2 retusa Ser. - 292 25. mollis Doug, - 292 26. Capollin Dec. - 292 TrilmiS virginiana Flor. Mexic. Ic. and MSS., P. cana- densis Moc. et Sesse PI. Mex. Ic. ined.. Hern. Mex. 27. nepalensis Ser. 293 Trhnus glaucijblia "Wall. MSS. B. Species of Bird' Cherry Trees which have not yet been in- troduced-, or of which we have not seen Plants — C. acumi- nata Wall., C. emargin&.ta Doug., C. capriclda G. Don (P. capriclda Wall., P. MW- dulata Hamilt. in D. Don's Prod. Nepal., C. unduldta Dec), C- canadensis Lois., C. elllptica Lois., C. panicu- Uta Lois. '- - - 293-4 § iii. Laurocerasi. The Laurel-Cherry Trees. 28. lusitanica Lois. 294 Common Portugal Laurel.— 'Primus lusitanica Lin. Sp. : ike Cherry Bay : Cerisier Lau- ricr du Po^riugal,' Fi. ; Azarei- ro, Portuguese. 2 Bixa Ser. _ 294 Vrunus Hixa Broussonet. P. muitiglandulbsa Cav. C. Bixa. W.etB. Hist. C. 29. Laurocerasusi. 295 Common Laurel. — VrUnus Laurocerasus Lin. Sp. : Cherry Bay, Cherry Laurel : Laurier auLait, Laurier Cerisier, Lau- rier A?nandier, Fr. ; Kirsche Lorbeer, Ger. ; Lauro di Tre- bisonda, Ital. 2 variegata Hart. 295 3 angustifolia Hort. 295 30. caroliniana Mir. 296 Vriinzis carolinidna Ait. Hrt. Kew., P. sempervlrens Willd, Knura., Vd,dus ca^'olinidna Mill. Diet. : Wild Orange, Araer. Sect. II. Sfikme^m. VI. Pu'rsh/^ Dec. 297 Tigarea Ph. Fl. Amcr. Sept., not of Aublet. 1. ti'identata Dec. - 297 Tigiirea tridentdta Ph. Fl. Amer. Sept., not of Aublet. VII. Ke'r^;/^ Dec. 298 Viubus L., C6rchorus Thunb., i^pirce^a Camb. 1. japonica jDec. - 298 liiibus Japdnicus Lin. Mant., CSrchorus Japdnicus Thunb. Fl. Jap., &pircB'a japdnica Camb. Ann. Sei. Nat. : Spir&e du Japon, Fr. 2 flore pleno 298 Vin. iS'piR^^A L. - 299 Spiris'^a sp. Cambessedes Mon. Spir. in Ann. Sei. Nat. : Spirde, Fr.; Spierstaude, Ger. § i. Physocarpos Camb. 1. opulifolia L. 299 Virginian Guelder Rose, Nine Bark, Amer. ; Kvonimo del CanadAy Ital. 2 toment^lla Ser. 300 3 monogyna 300 S. monogyna Torrey. 2. capitata Ph. - 300 S. opulifblia var. Hook. § ii. Chamce dryon Ser. 3. chamaedrifolia L. 300 S. cantoniensis Lour. 1 vulgaris Cam. ilf on. 300 2 media Ph. Fl. Am. Sept., Camb. Mon. 300 3 oblongifolia CM. 30] S. oblongifblia Waldst. et Kit. PI. Hung. 4 subracemosa Ser. 301 5 incisa Hort. - 301 S. Qhamoidri. latifblia Ht. S. cham^drifblia Jacq. Hort. Vindob. 2 phyllantha Ser. 301 5. (c.) flexuosa Fis, 301 S. alplna Hort. Par. accord- ing to Camb. & Fisch. in Litt., 5. sibirica Hort. Varieties m' Synonymes. — 5. ilexubsa latitdlia Hort., S. datiriea Hurt., S. ulmifblia, S. carpinifolia, S. ftetulasfblia, in Messrs. Loddiges's Collec- tion - - 302 6. (c.)crat£egif61iaL.302 7. (o.)6etul£Ef61iaP.302 ? S. coj-ymbdsa Raf. in Desv. Journ., r S. crattegifdlia Lk. Fnum. 8. cana Waldst. et IC. 302 9. trilobata L. 303 S. triloba Don's Mill. 10. alpina Pall. - 303 ] 1. /^ypericifoliaZJc. 303 Hyphicuyn friitex Hort. : Italian May. 1 uraUnsis Ser, - 303 S. crenAia Lin., Fisch. in Litt., and Don's Mill. S. hypericijdlia Camb. M. 2 Plukenetiana Sr. 304 S. hyprricifolia Lin. Sp., Ph., Don's Mill. S. h. wfTr. ^Dec. Fl. Fr. 3 acuta Ser. - - 304 S. acutiJbUa Willd. Enm., Camb. Mon., and D. M. S. sibirica Hort. Par., ac- cording to Camb. Mon. S. amblgua Pall. 4 crenata .Ser. ■ 304 S. obovhla Waldst. et Kit., ? in Willd. En., Camb. Monog., Barr. Ic. Rar. S. hypericifdliay Dec. F\. S. crendta Lin. Sp., Cam. Mon., Don's Mil., Lo. C. 5 savranica Ser. - 304 S. savranica Besser in Litt., Don's Mill. S. crendta Pall. Fl. Ross. S. hypeiicijdlia var. ^ lon~ gifdlia Led. Fl. R. A. 111. 6 Bessenawa Ser. 304 S. crendta in Litt. S. savranica ^ Besserikaa Don's Mill. Other Varieties or Synonymes. — 5- inflexa {Hort. Soc. Gard.), S. obovSta Wendland (Hort. Soc. Gard.), 5. ar- gentea (Lodd. Collection), S. cune^ta (do.), 5. n^na (do.), S. alplna (do.), S. acutiftlia (do.), S. deeumbens (do.) 304 12. (h.) ihalictrdides 305 S. aquilegifdlia Pall. Itin., S. hypericifblia var.Jid.va, and S. alpina latifblia. 13. cuneifolia Wall. .305 S. caniscens Don. Prod., Dec. Prod., Don's Mill. ; S. arg^nlea Hort. 14. pikowiensis JBes. 305 15. ceanothifolia //re. 305 16. corymbdsa Raf. 306 2 sororia - - 306 S. sordriaTea, in Ht. Br. 17. •uacciniifoliai>.2).306 S. adiantifblia Hort. 18. laxiflora Lindl. 306 19. bella Sims. - 306 § iii. Spiraria Ser. 20. salicifolia L. - 307 SpiriS^afHitex Hort. ; Bride~ wort, QTteen's Needlework. 1 carnea Ait. Si. K. 307 2 alpestris Pal. Fl. 307 S. alpestris Don's Mill. 3 paniculata WiUd. Sp., Ait. H. K. - 307 S. aUia Ehrh. Beitr. 4 latifolia Willd. Sp. 307 S. ohovAta Eaf. in Litt., not of Walldst. et Kit. according to Willd. En. S. carvinifhliaV^ iWi. En., Dor.'s Mill. 5 grandiflora - 308 S. grandifibra Led. Bt. C. 6 taiirica - - 308 S. iaUrica Hort. Other Varieties or Synonymes. — S. canadensis, 5. wrticse- fblia, 5. lacini^ta, S. chamae- CONTENTS. XIX drifblia, S. lanceolkta, S. carptDifblia, 5, reflexa, 5. in- carn&ta. 21. MenziesM Hook. 308 22. tomentosa L. - 308 S. nouglAsii Hook. Fl. Bor. Ainei: 23. leevigata L. - 30.9 S. altaic6nsis Lax. Nov. Act. Petrop., S. alt^ica Pall. Fl. R05S. 24. ariaefolia Smith 309 § iv. Sorharia Ser, 25. sorbifolia L. - 309 S. pinndta Mcench Meth. 2 alpina Pal FL M. 309 S. gi-aTutiflbrn Swt. H. Br. S. PaUdsli Dim's MiU, 26. Lmdleya«aWal.3lO A Selection qf Species - 310 Sect. Ill, Potenti'llejE. IX. i2u'Bus i. - 311 The B ramble.— iZonce, Bram- boisier, Fr. ; Himbeere, Brom- beerstrauchy Ger. j ./iovo, Ital. § i. Leaves pinnate, of 3 — 7 1. suberectus Ander, 311 R. Tiesseiisis Hall., R. plichtus W. & N., not of SuppL to Kng. Bot., which is a smaller form of R afifinis W. ^N.i, R. coryli- fblius Wahlenberg. The whole according to Lindl. Syn. of the Brit. Fl. 2. afFinis W^^- JV. -312 K coUinus Dec. ; R. nltidus Smith in Eng. Fl., Lindl. in Syn. Br. Fl. ed. 1. ; K. plicitm Borrer in Eng. Bot. Suppl. 2 bracteosus Ser. - 312 R. a. y & S W. & N. Eubi Germ. 3. micranthus D. Dn. 3 1 2 R. paucijibrus Lind. in Bot. Reg., Hort. Brit. 4. occidentalis L. - 313 R. virgini&nus Hort., R. ida?'us fnictu nigra Dill. : the American Bramble. 5. idae'us L. - - 313 The common Raspberry — R. frambcesi&nus Lam. Fl. Fr. : FramhoisieTy Fr ; eemeine Brambeeret Germ. ; Frambo, Ital. ; RaspiSy Framboise^ Hinde-herry, Johns, Ger. 2 microphyllus ^aZ. 313 Garden Vara. — Red-fruited, Yellow-fruited, White-fruit- ed, and one which bears twice in the year. $ ii, leaves digitate, of 3 — 5 leaflets. 6. laciniatus W. - 314 7. csB^sius L. - 314 The Dewberry. 2 arv^nsis Wal. Sch. 315 R. pseiidj'Ctv'siui Weihe. 3 grandiflorus Ser. 315 4 parvifolius Wal. 315 5 fol. varieg. Sort. 315 8. corjlifolius Smith 315 R. vulgaris W. & N., R. neWMM-dstw Heyne. 2 canus ^aZ. 315 3 glandulosus W. 315 R gtand-uidsus Spreng. According tu Dr. Lindley, the following British kinds of Viitbus may be associated with R. corylifdlius Smith, either as related species^ or as va- rieties ; — B. macroph^Uus W. 4 N.. R. carpinir61ius W. ScH., Ji. fiSsco-Siter W. ^ N., R. Ko^hleri W. & N.(R.po(- Itdus W. & N.), R. glandu- 16SUS Smith, R. ridis W.^ N. (K. echindtus Lindl. Syn. ed. 1., Hort. Brit.), ii. diversi- fdlius Lindl. Spn. ed. 1., (R. diversifdlius Weihe, Hort. Brit.) - . - 316 9. spectabilis Ph. 316 R. nbifdlius Willd. Herb. 10. fruticosus L. - 316 The common Blackberry K. discolor Sr R abrHptus in Lindl. Syn. of Brit Fl. ed. 1.: Ronce commune, Fr.; Rankende Him- beere, Ger.; Rovo Montana, Ital. 2 pomponius Ser. 316 R.fmlicdsus SW.St N.- 3 tadricus Sort. 317 4 flore roseo-pleno Baum. Cat. - 317 5 foliis variegatis 317 6 leucocarpus Ser. 317 11. hispidusi. - 317 R. trividlis Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer., R.proc&mbens Miihl., n.fiagelldris "V/im. § iii. Leaves lobed, not pin- nate or digitate. 12. odoratiis i. 317 R. accidentilis Hort., but not of Lin. : the Virginian Rasp- berry, the.HotferiTtg Raspberry: Ronce odorante, Fr. ; Rovo del CanadA, Ital. 13. nutkanus Moc. 318 R. odordtus Hort., not Lin. Species and Varieties of Ril- bus best deserving of Cultiva- tion in British Gardens, as orna- mental Shrubs - 183 Other Sorts of Shrubby Rubuses. B. macropetalus Dimg.mS. in Hook. Fl. Bor. Amer., R. delicibsus Torrey in Ann. Lye, R. /iliSceus Sinith m Rees's Cycl. (R. cordifbliua D.Don) - - 319 X. Potenti'lla i. 319 The Shrubby Cinquefoil.— a 2 Potentille, Fr ; Fingerkraut, Ger. 1. fruticosa L. - 319 2 dahurica Ser. - 320 P. dahilrica Nest Ppt. P.fruticbsa /3 Lehm.Pot. 3 tenuiloba Ser. - 320 P.fruticbsa /3 Nestl.Pot., Lehm. Pot. 32. var. y, P. fUrrihinila Pursh Fl. Amer. Sept, Watson Dend. Brit., P. tenuifblia Schlectend. Berl. Mag. 2. glabra Lodd. - 320 P. fruticdsa alba Busch. 3. Salesovii Steph. 320 Co'marum palustre L. 320 PotentiUa Cdmarum Scop. XL CowA^N/-4 D. Don. 1. plicata D.Don 321 Sect. IV. Ro'sE.M Dec. XII. i?o\sA Tourn. 321 The Rose Tree. ~Bhod6- pAornNeck. Elem.; Rosier, Fr.; Rosenstock, Ger. ; Roozeboom, Dutch J RosajOt Ital. ; Rosal, Span. ; Rosiexa, Portuguese. § i. Ferdces Lind. Monog. 1. ferox Lawr. - 322 R. kamtschdtica Red. Ros., R. kamtschdtica /3 ferox Ser. in Dec. Prod., R. echindta Du- pont. 2 nitens Lindl. in Bot. Reg., Ser. in Dec. Prod. - - 32£ 2. (f.) kamtschatica 322 § ii, Bracteatas, 3. bracteata Wendl. 323 Lord Macm-tney's Rose. 2 scabricaulis Lind.323 3 flore pleno Hort. 323 4 MariaLeonidaZT. 323 4. microphylla i2o^i. 323 Hoi-iong^hong, Chinese. 5. involucrata Roxh, 324 • R Lindlcykaa. Trait. Ros., R palOsiris Buchan. (Ham.) MS. § iii. CinnamdTnecB Lindl. A. Species Natives of North America. 6. lucida Ehrh. - 324 R. r^bra litcida Rossig. Ros., R. liicida Jacq. Fragm. : Rose Turneps : Rosier d Feuilks de Frene, Fr, 7. nitida W. - 325 R. Redutea. rufSscens Thory in Red. Ros. : the dtoarf La- brador Rose. XX CONTENTS. S. 72apa Bosc - 325 R. tHrgi'da Pers. Ench,, R. 'raxinifblia Dumont in Cours. 'ot. Cult. ; parviflora Ehrh. 325 The Pennsylvanian Rose. — R. hhmilis Marsh Arb., R. caroli- ni(lna Mich. Fl. Bor. Amer., R. carolma-y et 5 Ait. Hort. Kew. 2 florepleno Red. R. 326 lO./raxinifoliaPbV/c. 326 R. virgini&na Mill. Diet., R, bldnda a Sol. MS., Jacq. Frag., R.coj'yTnfidsflBosc.Dict.d'Agr., R. alplna fi Ait. Hort. Kew., R. aipma Its^vis Red. Ros., Lawr. Ros. Other North American Species. — .fl. Wo6ds«Lindl., R. Ca- rolina Lin., R. LindlSyt Spreng. B. Species Natives of Nepal. 11. macrophyUa L. 326 C. Species Natives of Continental Europe. 12,cinnam6ineaJ^6-5/. 326 R. foecundissima Munch. Hausv., R. majdlis Herm.Diss. Other European Species not Natives of Britain. — R, fru- tBthmra Bess., li.ile yellow Rose. 18. sanguisorbif61.-D. 329 R. spinonissima var. sangui. sorbifoliaLmdX. Ros., R. spinas. var. macrophi/lla Ser. in Dec. Prod. B. Species Natives of Siberia. 19. grandifldra Lindl. 329 R. pimpinellifblia Bieb. Fl. Taur. C. Species Natives of North America and Siberia. 20. luteycens Pursh 329 R. hispida Curt. Bot. Mag. 21. myriacantha^^c. 330 R. parvifdlia Pall. Ross. ?, 'R.provincidlisBxeh. FLTaur. ?, R. spinosissima var. ^ tnyria- cdntha Ser. in Dec. Prod. 22. reversa W, ^ K. 330 D. Species Natives of Britain. 23. spinosfssimai. 330 The Scotch Rose. Varieties . - - 330 24. rubella Smith - 331 25. hibernica Smith 331 26. WflsomBorr. - 331 27. involuta Smith - 331 R, nivdlis Donn Hort. Cant. 28. Sabini Woods - 332 Var. — R. S. gr&cilis H. S. 29. Donidna Woods 332 R. Sabmi /3 Lindl. Ros. § V. Centifdlim Lindl. 30. damascena Mill. 332 The Daniask Rose. — R. bel- gica Mill. Diet. ; R. calend^rum Munch. Hausv. exBork. Holz., Rossig. Ros. ; R. bifera Poir. Suppl., Red. Ros. : Rose d quatre Saisans. Varieties - - - 333 31. centifolia JS. - 333 The Provence, or Cabbage, Rose. — R. provincidlis Mill. Diet., R. polydnthos Rossig. Ros., R. caryophyllea Poir. Suppl., R. unguiculd,ta Desf. Cat., R. vdrians Pohl. Bohem. 1 provincialis Mill. 333 The Provence, or Cabbage, Roses ; among which are, the royal and cabbage blush, the carmine, the cluster, the Duchesse d'Angouleme, the Provence (of which there are upwards of 20 subvars.), the prolific, the striped nose- gay, and the Versailles. 2 Twuscosa Mill. 334 The Moss Roses j among which are, the common single, the common double, the blush, the dark, the striped, the white, the crested moss, and many others. 3 pompdnia Dec. 334 The Pompone Roses N. Du Uam., R. pomipbnia. Red. Ros. ; among which are, the Rose de Meaux, the mosey de Meaux, the dwarf, and small Provence, the Rose de Rheims, and the com- mon and proliferous pom- pone. 32. gallica L. - 334 R. centifdlia Mill. Diet., R. sylvaiica Gater. Mont., R. ru- bra Lam. Fl. Fr., R. holose- ricea Rossig. Ros., R. bHgica Brot. Fl. Lus., R. bldndaBtot. : Rose de Provins, Fr. ; Essig Rose, Ger. Varieties - 334 § vi. VilldscB. A. Natives of Middle Europe, not of Britain. 33. turbinata Ait, - 335 The Frankfcrt Rose. — R. cam- punuf^ta Ehrh. Beitr., ll.fran- cojortidna Munch. Hausv., R. francfurtSnsis Rossig. Ros. 1 francofurtdna Ser. 335 2 orbessana Ser. - 335 34. alba L. - - 336 R. usitatissima Gat. Montaub. B. Natives of Europe and Britain. 35. villosa L. - 336 R. mdllis Sm. in Eng. Bot., R. to?nentdsa iB Lindl. Ros., R, keterophylla Woods, R. pomi- fera Herra. Diss. Varieties - 336 36. tomentdsa Sm. - 336 R. vilWsa Ehrh. Arb., Du Roi Harbk., Fl. Dan. ; R. mol- lissima Bdrk. Holz, ; R. d^bia Wibel Wirth. ; R. villdsa B Huds. § vii. Ruhiglndsa Lindl. A. Species Natives of Britain. 37. rubiginosa L. - 337 The Sweetbriar, or Eglan- tine. — R. suavifUia Lightf. Scot., Fl. Dan. ; R. Eglantferia Mill. Diet., Lin. Sp. ed. 1. ; R. agrhtis Savi Fl. Pis. ; R. rubiginbsa parvlfldra Rau. Enum. Varieties - _ 337 38. micrantha Sm. - 337 R. rubiginbsa fi inicrdntha Lindl. Ros., with erroneous synonymes. 39. sepium Thuil. - 337 R. helvetica and R. myrtifblia Hall., R, canma Dec. Fl. Fr. ed. 3., R. agrestis Savi Fl. Pis.' R. biserrdta Mer. FL Par. ex Desv. 40. inodora - - 333 R. dnmeibrum Eng. Bot. ; R. Bdrreri Sm. Eng. FL, Don's Mill. ; R rubiginbsa var. ino- dbra Lindl. Ros. B. Species Natives of Middle Europe. 41. luteaD. Don - 338 R. Eglanteria Lin. Sp., Red. Ros. ; R. fa'iida Herm. Diss. • R. chUtronh(jlla Ehrh. Beitr. : R. cerea Rossig. Ros. 2 subrubra Red. R. 338 3 punicea Lind. R. 3.S8 R. punicea Mill. Diet., Rossig. Ros. CONTENTS. XXI R. cinnamdyiiea R. Fl.Ger. R. litiea bicolor Jacq. Vin- dob., Lawr. Ros., Bt M. R. Egl. punicea Red, Ros, R. Egl. bicolor TiQ. Fl. Fr. 4 flore pleno 338 Williams's dottle yellow Sweet Briar, 5 Hoggzi D. Don 339 Hogg'syellow Amer. Hose. Other Species belonging to this Section. — R. ibferica Sm., R . glutinbsa Sm., R. Kltikit Bess., R. suav^olens PursA, a. Monteztimff Humb. § viii. CaniTUE Lindl. A. Species Natives qf Britain. 4-2. canina L, - 339 R. dumdlis Bechst. Forstb. \ R. andegavensis Bat. Fl. Main, et Loir., Red. Ros. ; K. glaUca Lois. ; R. arvhisis Schranfc Fl. IVL ; R. glaucescens Mer. Par. ; R, nitens Mer. ; R. teneriffhtsis Donn Hort. Cant. ed. 8. ; R. senlicdsa Achar. Acad. HandL 2 aciphylla Lindl. 339 R. aciphylla Rau., Red. Other Varieties. - - 339 43. Forsteri Sm. - 339 R. collina ^ &■ y Woods in Lin. Trans. 44. dumet6ruraTAm7.340 R. leucdntha /3 acutjfblia Bast, in Dec. Fl. Fr., R. septum Borkh. ex Rau. Enum., R. solstiii&lis Bess. Prim. Fl.Gall., R. corymbifera Gmel. Fl. Bad. Als. 45. sarmentacea Sw. 340 R. glaucophylla ^Vinch Geog. Dis., R. canina Roth FL Ger. 4H. cae^sia Sm. - 340 R. canina pub^scens Afz. Ros. Suec. Tent., R. canina £ ccE^sia Lindl. Ros. B. Species Natives of Middle Europe. 47. rubrifolia VUl. - 340 R. mKft7)!drflReyn.Act.Laus., R. rubicHnda Hall. fil. in Roem. Arch., R. lUrida Andr. Ros., 'R.cinnamomeayrubriJblia'R.eA.. C. Species Natives qf Asia. 48. caucasica Pa//. - 341 R. leucdntha Bieb. Fl. Taur. 49. indicai. ■ - 341 R. sinica Lin. Syst., R. sem- perjldrens carnea Rossig. Ros. R. indica chin&nsis semiplena Ser. Mel., R, reclind.ta filire submultiplici Red. Ros. : the monthly Rose, the blush China Rose, the Tea-scented Rose : Hosier Inflien, Rose 'J'M, Fr. ; Jndische Rose, Ger. 2 NoisettiaBa Ser. 342 purpurea Red. 342 nivea 342 Aimi Vibert. i Smithw - - 342 Smith's Yellow Noisette Eose. 3 odoratissimaZftn^. 342 R. odoratissima Swt. Hort. Sub. Lond. R. indica frdgrans Red. Ros. The stpeetest, or tea- scented, China Rose. Rose a Odeur de Thi, Fr. 4 longifolia Lindl. 342 R. longifblia NVilld. Enum. 'R,semperfihrens t/ar.7.,N. Du Ham. R. ialicifdlia Hort. 5 pumilaiindZ. R, 342 6 caryophyllea Red. 342 7 pannosa Red. - 342 8 cru&aXsiRed. and Don's Mill. - 342 9 Frasenana Hort. 342 \0 TUgdi Lindl. B. R. 343 1 1 ochroleuca B. R. 343 12 flavescens - 343 The true tea-scented China Rose. 1 3 Blairii D. Don - 343 50. semperflorens C. 343 ^. diver sifblia Vent. Cels., R. bengalensis Pers. Ench., R. indica Red. Ros. 51. Lawrenceana S. 343 R. seinperfibrens minima Sims Bot. MiLg., R. acuminata var. oc acumindta Red. Ros., R. indica iawrenceSna Red. Ros. 52. sericea Liiidl. - 344 § ix. Systylm Lindl. A. Species Natives of Britain and other Parts of Europe. 53. systyla Bat. - 344 R. collina Sm. iu Eng. Bot , R. stylbsa Desv. Journ. Bot., R. brevistyla Dec Fl. Fr. Sup., R. bractedta Dec, R. systyla a. ovhta Lindl. Ros. 54. arvensis Huds. - 344 R. sylvistris Hem. Diss. ; R. scdndens Moench Weiss. ; R. herpSrhodon Ehrh. Beitr. ; R. Halleri Krok. Sites. ; R. fdsca Mcench Meth. ; R. sh-pens Ehrh. Arbor. ; R. sempervirens Rossig. Ros. ; R. repens Gmel. Fl.Bad. Als., Jacq. Fragm.; R. rdmpans Reyn. Mem. Laus. 2 ayreshirea Ser. - 345 R. capreol^ta Neill in Edin. Phil. Journ. 3 hybrida Lindl. R. 345 B. Species Natives of Middle Europe. 55. (a.)sempervirens345 R, scdndens Mill. Diet. R. ba- ledrica Desf. Cat., Pers. Ench.; R, atrovirens Viv. Fl. Ital. ; R, sempervb'rns globdsa Red. Bos.; R. sempervirens var. « sedndens Dec. Fl. Fr. 3 RusselUflKa - 346 3 Ciarei - - 346 The Rose Clare. a 3 C. species Natives qfJsta, and one of than ofAJrica. 56. TX\n\t\fi6r a. Tkunb. 3^6 R. fldoa Donn, R. Jldrida Poir. Suppl., R. diffusa Roxb. 2 Grevillez Hort. - 346 R. RoxbHrghn Hort. 'R.platyphylla Red. Ros. The Seven Sisters Rose. Boursaulti Hort. 347 57. Bmnonzi Lindl. 347 R. BrdwnW Spreng. Syst. 58. inoschata Mill. 347 R. opsQst^mma Ehrh. Beitr., R. glandulifera Roxb. 2 flore pleno G.Don 347 3 nivea Lindl. B.R. 348 R. nivea Dupont, not of Dec. R. m. ? var. rbsea Ser. 4 nepalensis Lindl. 348 Other Fars. — The fringed, Princesse de Nassau, and Tea-scented - - 348 D. Species Natives qf North America. 59. mbifolia R. Br. 348 § X. Banksikae^ Lindl. 60. sinica Ait. - 349 The trifoliate-leaved China Rose.— R. trifoUAta Bosc Diet, ex Poir., R. tei-nhta Poir. Sup., R. cherokeensis Donn ^ Hort, Cant., R. nivea Dec. Hort. Monsp., Red. Ros., R. h^strix Lindl. Monog., R. hsvigdta Mx. 61. Banks?VER. Br. 349 R. Banksiana. Abel Chin., R. inermis Roxb. 2 lutea Lindl. 349 62. microcarpaimrf/. 350 R. cymbsa Tratt. Ros. 63. hystrix Lindl. - 350 Other Species and Varieties of Vibsa - _ - - 350 Soil and Situation 350 XIILLo'wE^ Lindl. 352 Rdiflr sp. Pall & Lindl. in Ros. Monog. 1. berberif dWa Lindl. 352 R. simplicifdlia Sal. Hort. AUert. ; R. berberi/d//a Pall. Lindl, Ros. Monog. French edition, Dec. Prod., Spreng. Syst., Wallroth Monog. Varieties - - - 352 Sect. V. Po^ME.*; Lindl. XIV. Crat/e^gus Lindl. The Thorn. —CraUs'gus and Mispilus sp. L. and others : NS- flier, Alisier, AubSpine, Fr, ; Doom, Uzbeer, Mispel, Ger. ; Doom, Dutch ; Cratiego, Ital. ; Espinoj Span. § i. CoceinecB. 1. coccinea L. - -353 C. astivMis'^ooth^'Uhpilus astivHUs Walt. Fl. Car.; M. xxu CONTENTS. coccinea Mill., N. Du Ham. : Thornless American Azaro/e : N^i'er ccarlate, Fr. ; Schar- lachrothe Mispel, Ger. ; Lazxe- ruolo rosso, Ital. 2 corallina • ■ 354 C. cordllma Lodd. Cat. C. piriformis, and C. pectin^tat of some col. 3 indentata - - 354 C. indentctta Lodd. Cat. C. geSrgica Doug. 4 maxima Lod. Cat. 354 C. c. spinhsa Godefroy. C. acerifdlia Hort. C.fjlabelldta Hort. 5neapolitana Hort. 354: Mhpzlus constantinopoU- thna Godefroy. 2. glandulosa W. - 354 ? C. sanguinea Pall. FL Ros., "* iAespilus rotundifdlia Ehrh, B., "Pyrus glandulbsa Mcench C. rotundifblia Booth. 2 succuUnta Fisch. 354 M&spilus succulinta B. 3 subvUlosa - 355 C. subvilldsa Tisch. § ii. PunctdtcB. 3. punctata Ait. - 355 C. Crus-gdlli Du Roi, M^«- pilus curteifblia Ehrh. Beitr., M. punctata Lk. Enum. M. cornifdlia Lam. Encyc. 2 rubra Pursk 356 C. eduZis Ronalds. 3 rubra stricta Jffort.356 C.p. stricta Ronalds, 4 aurea Pursh - 356 Cp.Jt&va Hort. C.daicis Ronalds. Cedidisl^odd. Cat. C. pentagynafldva Godef. 5 brevispina Doug, 356 4. joyrifolia ^;7. - 356 Cleucopklce^us (white-barked) Mcench Weiss., C. radi&ta Lod. Cat. 1836, C. tomentbsa Du Roi Harbk., C. iat.fblia Pers., Mispilus latifUiu Lam. Enc, M. calpod&ndron Ehrh. Beitr., M. pprifdlici Link Enum., M. cormfblia Poir., C. latiJUlia Ro- nalds, C. cornifUm Booth: Lazzarollo perino, Ital. § iii. iliacracanMtB. 5. macracantha Lod. 357 C. glandulbsa /3 macrdntka Lindl., C. spina longissima Hammersmith Nursery, C.py- nfolia Torrey. 2 minor - 358 § iv. Crus-gdlli. 6. Criis-galli I,. 35S C. l&cida Wang. Am., Mill. Diet.; C. cuncifdlia Lodd. Cat.j MSspilus Ikcida Ehrh. Beitr., M. Cr&s-ealli Poir.; M. hye. pidlis Walt. ; M. cuneifblia Mcench : i<^efiier Pied de Cog, Fr. ; Gl'dnzende Mispel, Ger. ; Lazzarollo spin oso, Ital. 2 splendens Dec. - 359 C • iirbutifblia a.ndC sp n- dens Lodd. Cat. 3 ;jyracanthif. Z>ec. - 359 C. Tpyracanthifblia Lodd. Cat. yiespilus lUcida Dum. Cours. Bot. Cult. 4 salicifolia Dec. - 360 C. salicifdlia. 5 linearis Dec. 360 Mespilus iinedris Desf. Arh. C. Iinedris Lodd. Cat. 6 nana i?ec. Prod. 360 Mispilus ndna Dum. Sup. 7.(c.)ovaliiolia//orn.360 C. elliptica Lodd. Cat, C. CrUs-gdlli ovalifdlia Bot. Reg. 8. (c)prunifdlia^05c 361 Mhpilus -prunifblia Poir. Diet., C. caj-ohnidjia Lodd. Cat. : Lazxeruolino, Ital. § V. Nigr(B. 9. nigra Jf. ^ K. - 362 M^.spr7M.« nigra Willd. Enum., C.carpdtica Lodd. Cat. ? C. fusca /acy. - 362 10. purpurea Bosc 363 C. sanguinea Hort. 2 altaica - - 363 C. altdica Lodd. Cat. § vi. Dougldsii. 11. Douglasfi Lindl. 364 § vii. Fldvcs. 12. Mva Ail. - 364 C. glandulbsa Mx. Fl. Bor. Amer., not of Walt. ; M^s- pilus MichaHxii Pers. Syn. ; C. carolinidna Poir. Diet. ; C. Jiavissima Hort.; C. ?turbi- ndta Pursh. 13. (f.) \ohata Bosc 365 Mespilus lobdla Poir. Suppl., C. Iktea Poir. 14. (f.) trilobata L. 366 C. spinostssima Lee. § viii. Apiifblice. 15. ffpiifolia M.v. - 366 C. Oxyacdntha Walt. Cp- rol., C. •Apiifblia mdjor Load. Cat. 2 minor - - 366 C. Bpiifblia Lodd. Cat. § ix. MicrocdrpcB. 16. cordata Mill. - 367 MSspilus Phmn6pyrmn L., M. corddta Mill., C. pnpuli- fblia Walt. Car. and Pursh Sept., M. acerifblia Poir. Diet. 17. spathulata £://io^ 367 C. microcdrpa Lindl. Bot. Reg., C. ^r?da Godefroy. 2 georgica - - 368 C. geSrgica Lod. § X. Azaroli. 18. Azarolus L. - 368 Fdrus Azarblus Scnp. Cam,, J. Bauh. Hist. ; MSspilus Aza- rblus Alt. Fed., N. Du Ham.: N^ier Azarole, N^ier dt Naples, E'pine d'Espaene, Pommettes d deux Closes, Fr. , Azarol Mispel, Ger.; Axze- ruolo, Ital. _ ^, Vars In thc.N'. Du Ham. are enumerated : — 1. JV/es- pilus .,4r5nia, with the leaves hairy beneath ; 2. Azarole, with large deep-red fruit ; 3. Azarole, with yellowish white fruit ; 4. Azarole, with long fruit of a whitish yellow ; 5. Azarole, with double flowers ; 6. The White Azarole of Italy. - - - 369 19. (.<4.) maroccana 369 ? C. ma'&ra Lin. fil. Sup. ac- cording to Dec. : Sarrour, Arabic. 20. Aroma. Bosc - 370 MispilusArbniaWiWd.Euuw. Suppl. and N. Du Ham., C. Azarblus /3 Willd. sp., C.Jissa Lodd. Cat. 21. orientalis Bosc 371 Mespilus orientdUs Tourn and Poir. Suppl., C. odoratis^ si7na Bot. Rep. and Lod. Cat., C. tanacetifdlia var. (3 tadrica Dec. Prod. 2 sanguinea • 371 C. sanguinea Schrad. Ind. Sem.H. Ac. Got. 1834. C. orientdUs Lindl. Bot. Reg. 22. tanacetifoliaP. 372 Mespilus tanncetifblia Poir. Diet, and N. Da Ham., M. pinndia Dum. Cours., ? Mes- pilus Cels\kndL Dum. Cours. Suppl. according to Dec. : Lazzeruolo turco, Ital. 2 glabra Lodd. 372 3 Leedna 372 C. incisa Lee. Lee's Seedling, Hort. § xi. Heterophylla. 23. heterpphjUa F. 374 § xii. OxyacdnthtB. 24. Oxyacantha L. 375 The common Hawthorn, — Py- racdntka of the Greeks; Mes- pilus Oxyacdntha GEertn, and N. DuHam.: E'pine blanche, noble E'pine, Bois de Mai, Scuelleir Aubipine, NeJlierAub- epine, Fr. ; Hagedorn gemei- nerWeissdorn,Ger. ; Hagetonn, Dan. ; Hagetorn, Swed. ; A~ canta da Siepe, Azznrolo salva- tico, and Bianco Spino, Ital. ; Espino bianco, Span. : White Thorn, Maybush, Quick, Quick- set, May. A. Varieties differing from the Species in the general Form and Mode of Growth, 2 stricta Lod. Cat. 375 C. O. rigida Ronalds. 3 p^ndula Lod. Cat. 376 4 reginae Flort. 376 Qzccen Mary's Thorn. 3 CaXsidna Hort. 37^" CONTENTS. XXlll 6 capltata Sm. Ayr 377 7 flexuosa Sm. Ayr 377 B. Varieties d{ffin-ing in the Colour of the Flowers. 8 rosea Hort. - 377 E*pinier Marrortf Fr. 9 punicea Lod. Cat. 377 C. O. rbseasupSrba Hort. C. Varieties dij^ring in the Developement or Structure qf the Flowers. 10 multiplex Hort. 377 C. O. fibre plena Hort. 11 punicea fl. pleno 377 ISmouogyna - 377 G. mondgyna Jacq. 13 apetala Lod. Cat.3'7'7 D. Varieties d^ff^mg in the Time of Flowering. 14 prffi-cox Jffor^ - 377 The Glastonbury Thorn. 15 sibirica - - 377 C. sibirica Lodd. Cat. C. monogyna L. 16 transylvanica^. 377 E. Varieties diffeVing in the Colour of the Fruit. 17 melanocarpa 378 C. fissa Lee. C O. platypkylla Lod. C plalypk^Ua Lindl. 18 Oliverikna. - - 378 C. OliverikTiB. Bosc. C. OliverSa. Lodd. Cat. C. orientdlis Lodd. Cat. 19 aurea Hort. - 379 C. fldva Hort. 20 aurantiaca Booth 379 21 leucocarpa 379 F. Varieties differing in having the Fruit woolly. 22 eiiocarpa. Litidl. 379 C. eriocarpa Lodd. Cat. G. Varieties differing in the Form of the Leaves. 23 obtusata Dec. P. 379 Mespilus Oxyac'antha in^ fegrjyS/wWallr.Sched. C. oxyacanihozdes Thuil. Fl. Bot. Reg. Dec. Fl. C. Oxyacdntha Fl. Dan. The French Hawthorn. 24 giiercifolia B, 380 25 laciniata - - 380 C. lacinihta Lodd. Cat. 26 /Jteridifolia - 381 C. ^terifblia Lod. Cat- 27 oxyphylla Mbnc. 381 H. Varieties during in the Colour qf the Leaves. 28 foliisaureis L. C.381 C. luthcens Booth. 29 foliis argenteis 381 30 lucida - 381 § xiii. Parmfilias- 25. parvifolia Ait, - 383 'iJifspilus axilldris Pers.Syn. ; M. tomentbsa Poir. Diet. ; M. xanthocdrpos Lin. fil. Suppl. ; M. parvifblia Wats. Dend. Britj G^-ata^''gus tomenthsalAXi. Sp., Trew Ehr. ; C, unifldra D\x Roi ; C. turbindta Pursh ; C. viridiSy axtllaris, hetulifilia, fi6rtday linedris Lodd. Cat. : « Gooseberry-leaved Thorn, Lord Jley^s Tborn. 2 florida - - 383 CJISrida l.odd. Cat. 3 grossulari^folia 383 0. linearis Lodd. Cat 26. virglnica Lodd 384? C. vireinidna Hort. ; C. spa- thuldta Michx., Lindl. ; C. vi- ridis Hort. § xiv, Mexicana, 27. mexicana liloc. SS^ C. siipiildcea Lodd. Cat, C. Lambertikxia. Hort. § XV, ^yracdntha. 28. PyracknthaPers.SSo Mispilus Vyracdniha L.: Evergreen Thorn : Buisson ar- dent, Fr. ; immersrune Mispel, Ger. , Agazzino, Ital. 2 crenulata Hort. - 385 C. crenuldta Hort. XV. Stranv^'s/^ L.403 Crata'gus in part. 1. glMucescens LindlAOS Cralalvif6Iiai).?.427 Mdlus bacchta Desf. Arb. 16. (M.) dioica W. 427 p. apetala Miinch. Hauvs., Mdlus dioica Audib. Cat. 17. (M-) astraoanica 427 Mdlus astracanica Dum. Cours. : Transparent de Mos- covie, Glace de Zilande : the transparent Crab of English Nurseries. Selection of Vars. — The Red Astrachan ; the White Astrachan j the Black Crab ; the Court pendu plat ; the Lincolnshire Holland Pippin; the Tulip Apple ; the Violet Apple ; the Cherry Crab, or Cherry Apple ; the Supreme Crab ; Bigg's Everlasting Crab - - - 428 18. coronaria X. - 429 M.dlus corondria Mill. : Crab Apple, the sweet-scented Crab, Amer. 19. (c.) angustifolia 430 p. corondria Wang. Amer., yidlus sempervirens Desf. Arb., P. pUmila Hort. 20. spectabilis Ait. 431 The Chinese Crab Tree. — Mdlus spectabilis Desf. Arb., N. Du Ham. ; Mdlois sinensis Dum. Cours. Species of which there are only very young Plants in British Gardens. P. SieverszV Led. Fl. Alt. - 432 P. nov. sp. Sievers in Pall. Nord. Beitr. P. Sch6tt!Y Ledeb. - 432 P. stipul^cea Hort. - 432 , § iii. AVia Dec. 21. Ay\Q,Ehrh. - 432 Gratis' gus A^ria var . tie, Lin. Sp., Mespilus' A^ria Scop. ■ SSrbus AVifl Crantz Austr. ; AVi«! Theophrdsti L'Obel : white wild Pear, white Leaf Tree, red Chess-Apple, Sea Outer, Cumberland Hawthorn, Gerard : Alisier Allonchier, Alisier blanc, Fr. ; Mehlbeer- baum, or Mehlbaum, Ger. ; Aria, or Sorba montana, Ital. ; Mostaco, Span, j ^a'e/6eer,Dan.; Oxilbeer, Swed. 1 obtusifdlia Dec. 433 P. A. ovdlis Hort. 2 acutifoUa Dec. 433 Cratce'eus longifdlia N. Du Ham. ? 'Pyrus alpina Willd. En. 3 undulata Lindl. 433 4 angus'df61iai2wrfZ.433 P. A. longif^lia Hort. 5 rugosa Lindl. - 433 6 cretica Lindl, - 433 P. A Totundifblia Hort. ; P. gres^ca Hort. P. A. edUis Hort. CrateB^gus gne^ca Hort. 7 buUata Lindl. - 433 P. A. acumindta Hort. 22. {A.) intermedia 434 Cratee'-gus A^ria ^ Lin. Sp., C. scdndica Wahlenb., C. suicica Ait, : Alisier de Fon- iainebleau, Fr. ; Schwedischer Mehlbaum, Ger. 1 latifolia - - 434 CratcE'gtis latifblia Poir. Diet., Du Ham. SSrbus latifblia Pers. CratcB'gus dentdta Thuil. 2 angustifolia - 435 P. editlis Willd. Enum. 23. vestita Wall. - 435 V^rus nepalensis Hort. ; vestita Lodd. Cat CONTENTS. XXV 1836 ; P. crenhta D. Don Prod. Fl. Nep. § iv. Torminaria Dec. 24. torminalis Ekrh. 436 QraUe^gus toritiindUs Lin. Sp., Smith Eng. Bot. ; SSrdus toi-mindlis Crantz Austr. : the Maple - leaved Service Tree : Misier de Bois, Ft. j- Elzbeer^ bautn, Ger. ; Ciavardeilo, or Maiigiarello^ Ital. 23. rivularis Dougl, 437 Pow-itch, the name of the fruit in the language of the Chenook tribe of Indians. § V. EriSlobus Dec. 26. trilobata Bee. - 437 CratiB'^gus trilobatii Labill., Poir. Suppl. § vi. Morbus Dec. ■27. auriculata iPec. 438 Sorbus auriculdta Pers. Syn. 28. pinnatifida Ehrh. 438 ^Srbus kybHda Lin., Dec. ; Vyrus hybrida Smith Fl. Brit., not of W illd. : the Bastard Ser- vice Tree. 2 lanuginosa - 438 3 pendula - - 439 S. hybrida pendula Lod. 4 arbuscula Dec. - 439 29. aucuparia GtErtn. 439 The Mountain Ash . — SSrims aucupii-ia Lin. Sp. ; Mespilus aucupHria All. : Quicken Tree, Quick Beam, wild Ash, wild Service, iVichen Tree, Rowan Tree, Rowne Tree, Roan Tree, Roddan, Rontry, Mountain Ser- vice, Witchen, wild Sorb, Whichen, Whitten, Wiggen Tree : Sorbier des Oiseteurs, or Sorbierdes Oiselaux,^!.-^ Vogel Beerbaum, Ger. ; Sorbo salva- tico, Ital. 2 fructu luteo - 439 3 foliis variegatis - 439 4 fastigiata - 439 30. americana Dec. 440 Sorbus aviericdna Ph. Fl. Bor. Ampr., Willd. Enura. ; S. americdnavar. /3 Michx. Fl. Amer. ; P. canadensis Hort. 31. microcarpa Dec. 441 S6rbus aucupdria^ a, Mx. Fl. Bor. Amer., S. micrdntha Dum. Cours., S. microcarpa Ph. Fl. Araer. Sept. 32. ^Sorbus Gcerin, - 442 The True Service. — S(iri«« domestica Lin. Sp. ; "Syrus do- meslica Smith in Eng. Bot., Wallr. Ann. Bot., Don's Mill. : the Whitty Fear Tree -.^ Cor- mier, or Sorbier cultivS, Fr. ; Speyerlingsbaum, or Sperber- baum, Ger. ; Sorbo doTnestico, Ital. 2 maliformis Lodd. 442 La Corme-Pomme, Fr. 3 pyriformis LodJd. 442 La Corme-Poire, Fr. 33. lanuginosa Dec. 443 P. hybrida lanuginbsa Hort., Sdrbus lanuginosa Kit. in Litt., and Lodd. Cat. 34. spuria jDec, - - 444 P. hybrida Moench Weiss. S6rbus spiiria'Pers, SjTi,,Me5- pilus sorbifdlia Bosc^ & Wats., Dend. Brit., not of Smith ; P. sn7nbucifdlia Cham, and Don's Mill. 2 pendula Hort. - 445 S. hybrida p6ndula Lod. P. spUria sambuc^fdlia Hort. Brit. 35. foliolosa Wall. - 445 Other Species^P. hircina Wall. Cat. - . 445 § vii. Adenorachis Dec. 36. arbutifoliaX.^/. 446 CratiS^gus Ytyrifblia Lam. Diet., Ardnia pt/rijdlia Pers. Sjrn., ?C7-at<:e^gzis serrdlaVon. Suppl., Mespilus arbutifblia Schmidt Arb., Mill. Diet. 2 intermedia Lindl. 446 3 serotina Lindl. - 446 4 pumila - 446 Slespilus piimila Lodd. 37. (a.) melanocarpa 447 p. &rhutifUia /3 Willd. Sp., Arbnia Arbuiifblia Pers. Syn., Mispilus capitdta Lodd., M. fiorib&nfta Lodd., M. phbens Lodd, Cat. 2 subpubescens L. 447 38.(a.)floribundai.447 39. (a.) depressai. 448 40. (a.) pubensi. -448 41. (a) grandifdlia L. 448 § viii. Chamcsmespilus Dec. 42. Chamsemespikis 449 Crals^gus C/iamcemespilus Jacff. Austr., Mespilus Charrus- mespilus Lin. Sp., Sor6z« C/fa- mamispilus Crantz Ausit.: the Bastard Quince : niedriger Mis- pelbaum, Ger. j Camemespolo, Ital. Other Species of Tyrus. — P. almfblia. Lindl., P. tomeutbsa Dec. Prod., Mhltcs tomentdsa Dum. Cours., P. rubicfinda HciffmaTis. XXI.Cydo^niaT. -450 The Quince Tree. — Pyrw* sp. Lin., Coignassier, Fr. ; Quittenbamn, Ger. ; Cotogno, Ital. 1. vulgaris Pers. 450 Tyrus Cydbnia Lin. Sp., Jacq. Amtr.,; C. europcB^a Sav. 1 pyriformis Hort. 450 2 maliformis Hort. 450 3 lusitanica Du H 451 2. sinensis Thouin - 451 Y^rua sinensis Poir. Suppl. 3. japonica Pers. - 452 7P^rus Japdnica Thunb. Fl. Jap. and Bot. Mag., Chceno. miles Japonica Lindl. Lin. Tr. 2 flore dlbo - 452 3 ■fl. semi-pleno - 452 Calycaiithdceo!. I. Calyca'nthus L. 452 American Allspice Caly- cdnthi sp. Lin., Lam., Willd.; BlittJiina. DuHam.^not of Lin.; Beurreria. Ehret Pict. ; Bas~ ieria Adans. Fam.; Pompa- doHra. Buchox : Calycdnthe, Fr. ; Gewurzstrauch (spice shrub). Ketch Blume, Ger. ; Calicanto, Ital. 1. floridus L. - - 453 The Carolina Allspice. — C. st^rilisVfa.\t. Car.: sweet-scented shrub, in Carolina ; common American Allspice : Calycanthe dela CaroliTie, Fr. ; Carolinische Kelch Blume, G*r. : Pompadur Ital. ^ 1 oblongus Dec, - - 453 2 ovatus Dec. - - 453 3 asplenifoliusi. C. 453 4 ferox Lodd. Cat. 453 ' 5 glaucusZ,orf. Cat. 453 6 iriodorusLo/:?. Cat. 453 7 longifoliusLod. C. 453 8 variegatusiorf. C. 453 2. (f.) glaucus Wil/d. 454 C./^r^i/js Walt. Car., Lindl. Bot. Reg., Giiimp. Abb. Holz., Don's Mill.: thejertile-jiowered American Allspice. 2 oblongif61ius2V«#. 454 C. oblong if dlius Hort. 3. (f.) Isevigatus W. 454 C. ferax Michaux Fl. Bor. Amer., C.pennsylvdnicus Lod Cat. II. Chimona'nthusX. The Winter Flower. — Me- rdtia Nees Act. Soc. Nat. Bonn, Calycdnthi sp. Linn. 1. fragrans Lindl, - 455 Calycdnthus prcs'cox Lin. Sp., Ait. Hort. Kew., Curt. Bot. Mag., Lam. 111. ; Mer&tia. frd- frans Nees Act. Soc. Nat. lonn. J G^bai, or Rbbai Ksempf, Amer.: the Winter Flower j Calycante de Japon, Fr. ; Ja- panische Kelch Blume, Ger. * 2 grandifiorus LindA55 3 luteus Hort. - 455 4 parviflorus Hort. 455 Granatdcece. I. Pu'nica Tourn. 456 The Pomegranate Tree. -^ The Carthaginian Apple : Gre- nadier, Fr. ; Granate, Qer. ; Melograno, Ital. j Granados, Span. 1, Granatum L. - 456 1 riibrumZ)fic.Pro(?.456 2 rub.fl.pl. Trew - 457 3 albescens Dec, JV. 457 CONTENTS. 4 albescens fl.pleno 457 5 flavum Hart. - 457 2. (G.)nanai. -437 P. americd-na ntina Tourn., P. Grandtum ndnum Pers. TamartcacecB. I. Ta'marix Desv. 458 The Ta.ma.nx— The species of Tdmarix of authors that have 4-5 stamens : Tamaris, Fr. ; Tamarisken, Ger. ; Tamarice, Ttal. l.gallicai. - 458 T. narbon&nsis Lob. Ic, Tamariscus gallicus All., Tfl- mariscus pentandrus Lam. Fl. Fr., not of Pall. : Mirice, Ital. Varieties - 458 II. Myrica'riaZ)^5. 459 The species of Tdmarix of authors that have monadeiphous stamens. 1. germanica Desv. 459 Tdmarix germanica Lin. Sp., Tamariscus decdndrus Lam. Fl. Fr., Tamnrix decdn~ dra Moench, Tamariscus ger- mdnicus Lob. Ic. : Tamaris d A.llemagne, Fr. ; Deutschen Tamarisken, Ger. ; Tamarigia piccola, Ital. 2 dahurica Dec. - 459 Tdmarix dahurica Willd. Act. Berol. VhiladelphdcecB, 1. Philade'lphus2^.460 The MockOrange. — Syringa Tourn. Inst.., not of Lin. : Phi- ladelpkits, Fr ; Pfeifenstrauch {pipe shrub), Ger. ; Filadelpho, Ital. ; Pipe Privet, Gerard ; the Syringa of the gardens. § i. Stems stiff and straight. Flowers in Racemes. 1. coronarius L. - 460 Syringa suaviolens Moench Meth . : wohlriechender Pfeif- ensirauch, Ger.; Fior angiolo, Itai. 1 vulgaris Sch.nan.A6\ 2 nanus Mill. Diet. 461 3 flore pleno L. Caf.461 4 variegatus L. Cat. 461 2. (c.) inodorus L. 46] Syringa inoddra Moench ; P. Idxus in various English gardens : Stlindia senz' adore, Ital. 3. (c.) Zeyhen Sch.461 4. verrucosus SchradAQ2 P. grandifldrus Lindl. Bot. Reg., Lodd. Cat. 1836, 5. (v.) latifolius 5cA.462 p. pub^scens Cels. Hort., Lois. Herb. Amat. 6. (v.)floribundus S. 463 7. speciosus Schrad. 463 p. grandifidi-us of German gardeners, P. grandiflbrus ldx~ us of other gardeners. 8. Gordomaw2is Lin. 463 § ii. Stems more slend&r, ramhling, twiggy, and loose. Flowers solitary, or 2 or S together. 9. laxus Schrad. - 464 P. hiimiiis Hort., P. pubis- cens Lodd. Cat. 1836. 10. (\,) grandiflorLis 464 P. inodbrus Hort., P. laxus Lodd. Cat. 1836 11. hirsutus Nutt. - 464 p. viUbsus Lodd. Cat., P. gracilis Lodd. Cat. 12. tomentosus WaU.^Qb p. nepalensis Lodd. Cat. 1836, 'ifV.triJibrusB.oyle. Other Species ofPhiladilphus. — P. mexicSnus Sch. ~ 465 II. DEUTZ/^Thun. 465 Philadelphus, in part ; Lep- tospermum, in part. 1. scabra - - 466 2. (s.) corymbosa 466 Z>. canSscens Sieboldt, PAj- ladelphus corymhbsus Wall. Other Species of Deitizia. — D. staminea. B . Br .{Philadelphus stamineus W.), D. Brmibnia Wall. {Leptospermum scA- brum W.) - - - 466 III. Decuma'riaZ. 466 Fors^thia. Walt, not of Vahl. 1. barbara L. - 467 D. radicans Moench Meth., D. Foi-sgthiA Michx. Fl. Bar. Amer., D. prostr&ta Lodd. Cat. 2 sarmentosa Dec. ^67 I), sarmentbsa Bosc. Fors^thia scdndens Walt. Nitrariacece. I. Nitra'ria L. - 468 J. SchoberiL. - 468 1 sibirica • 468 N. sibiricaPaW. Fl. Ross. 2 caspica - - 468 ' N. cdspica Pall. Fl. Ross. Other Species of Nitrdria — N. tridentata Desf. - - 468. Grossulacet^, I. RfBES L. - - 468 Grossul^ria Tourn. ; Chry- sobSii-ya, Calobotrya, Coredsma, and Rdbes Spach : Groseiller; Fr. ; Johannisheere, Ger. ; Kruisbes, Dutch ; Uva Spina, Ital. ; Grossella, Span. § i, GrossuldritB Ach. Gooseberries. Groseillei- mon^olica Pall. Fl. Ros., CSrnus daitricaLaixm* 1 1. (?L.) cotinifdlium 521 V. Mull^ha Hani, in D. Don Prod. Fl. Nep. 12. dentatum Z. - 521 V, dentdtum lUcidum Ait. Hort. Kew., V. denthtum gla- beilum Mx. Fl. Bor. Amer.: Arrow-wood : Viorne dentBe, Fr. Varieties.— V. d. pubescens, V. d. fbliis variegtitis, V. acuminatum, r. longifbliura and /'. moutanum are in Messrs. Loddiges's collec- tion - - 522 13. (d.) pubescens- 522 V.dentdtum pubescens Ait. Hort. Kew., V . denidtu7nse?nt' tomenlbsum Mich. Fl. Bor. Amer., V. tomentdsum Rafin. Med. Rep., V. viUbsum Rafin. in Desf. Journ., \ . Hafinesgui- Snum Schultes Syst. 14. nitidum Ait. 522 § iii. O'pultis Tourn. 15. O'pulus X. - - 522 The Guelder Rose y.io- bdtum Lam. Fl. Fr., O'pulus glanduldsus Mcench Meth., ^pulus Raii Syn., ^ambilcus aguatica Bauh. Pin. : Marsh Elder, Rose Elder, Water Elder: Viorne-ObierjVObier d' Europe, Fr. ; Sckwalkenbeerstrauch, Whsserholder,Schneeballe, Ger, ; Maggi, Ital. 2 sterilis Dec. Prod. 523 V. O. rdseum Roem. et S. The Snow-ball Tree, or Guelder Rose. Rose de Gueldres, Velotte deNeige^ Boule deNeige, Poire Tdullf, Fr. Schneeballe, Ger 3 foliis variegatis - 523 4 nana Hort. 523 16. (0.) flfcerifolium 523 17. (O.)orientaleP. 524 o'pulus orientalis fblio am- plissimo tridentdto Tourn. Cor. 18. (0.) Oxycoccos 524 V. opulbides Mlihl. Cat., V. trilobum Marsh. Arb., V. O'pu- lus americdna Ait. Hort. Kew. 2 subintegrifolius^. 524 3 mollis - 524 V. m6lle Mx. Fl.Bor.Am. 19. (0.) edule P. - 524 V. O'pulus ediilis Michx. Fi. Bor. Amer. Sect. II. LoNicERs^. III. Diervi'll^Tou. 525 Lonicera sp. L. ; Weigelia. Thunb. Fl. Jap., Weigelia. Pers. Ench. 1. canadensis W. - 525 Lontce^'a. Diei'vUls. Lin. Mat. Med., D. TourneJdrtM Michx. Fl. Bar. Amer., D. h^milis Pers. Ench., D. Ihtea Pursh Sept., D. trijida Moench Meth., D. acadiSnsis Du Ham. Arb. XXX CONTENTS. IV. LoNi'cER^Desf. 5*26 The Honeysuckle.— ion^cera sp. liin. and many authors ; Caprifdlium and Xyl6steum Juss. Gen,, XylSsteum Capri- fd/mm, CkanuscSrasus, Veri- cl^menum Tourn. Inst. ; Cn- prifblmm and Lomcera^ Rcem. et Schult. Svst., Lomcera. and Xyl6steum Torrey Fl. U. S.: Chevrefeuilley Fr. ; Geissbldit, Honeigblumet and Lonicere^ Ger. § i. Caprifdlium Dec. Caprifblium Juss. Gen., Lo- nicera. Torr. FL (Jn. St., but not of Schult. A. Flowers ringent. — Capri- fblium Tourn. Inst, I. Pericl/menumi. 527 The Woodbine.— Perz'c/^Tne- num Ger. Em., Vericl-gmenum germdmcum Riv. Mon. Irr., P. hortinse Gesn. Ic. Pict., Capri- Jblium 'Periclymenum. Rrom. et Schult., Capj-rfblium sylvdti- cum Lam. Fl. Fr., Caprijb- lium Rail, Syn. : Woodbind: Chevrefeuille des Bois, Fr. ; wildes gemeines Geissbl'dtt, Ger. ; gewoone Kamperfoelie, Dutch J Madre Selva, Ital. and Span. 2 serotinum Ait. 521 Vericltj. gerrfidnicutn Mill. 3 b^lgicum - 527 Vericly. germanicum. Mill. 4 juercifolium Ait. 528 2. Caprifolium L. - 328 Vericl^menum perfolidtum Ger. Emac. : Chevrefeuille des Jardins, Fr. ; Durchwachsene, Ger. ; Capri/olio Ital, 3. (C. etrusca) San. 528 L. etriisca Hort. Fl. Austr., Caprifblium etrdscum. Kaem. et Schult. Syst., Yericlymenum GouanHort., Caprifblium ita- licum perfolidtum prce^ox Tourn. Inst. : the Italian Ho- neysuckle : Mansorino, Ital. 4. implexa Ait, - 529 The Minorca Honeysuckle.— Caprifblium impl^xum Rcem. et Schult. Syst.: Vincibosco sem- prcverde, Ita). 2 bale^rica Fiv. - 529 Caprifdlium baledriJDam. X. balearica Dec. L. Caprijdlium Desf. 5. flava Sims - 529 Caprifblium fiavum £11. Sketch., Caprifblium Frhseri Fursh Sept. 6. (f.) pub^scens S. 529 Caprifblium. pub^sceTis Goldie in Phil. Journ., L.hirsiita Ea- ton Man. Bot., L. Gdldn Spreng. Syst. 7. parviflora Lam, 530 Caprifblium. parviflbrum Pursh Sept., Lontcera. dioica Lin. Syst. Veg., i. mkdia Murr. Nov. Comm. Gott., Ca- prifblium bractebsum Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer., C. dioicum Rcem. et Schult. Syfit., CglaH- cu7n Mcench : glaucous Honey- suckle : Chevi-efeuille dioique, Fr. ; MeergrUnes Geissbldtt, Ger. ; Middelboore Kamper- foelie, Dutch. '8. (p.) Douglass D. 530 Caprifblium Dougldsii Lindl. Hort. I'rans. 9. h\s\)i{\u\8. Doug. 531 Caprifblium fiispidulum Lin. Bot. Reg. 10. grata ^iV. - - 531 Caprifblium grdtum Pursh Sept., L. virgini&na Marsh Arb., ? Tericlymenum ameri- cdnum Mill. Diet., Caprifolio sempreverde, Ital. B. Limb of Corolla nearly equal. — Vericlymenum Tourn. 11. sempervirens .^4/^.531 Caprifblium. sempervirens Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer., Veri- clQmenuin sempervirens Mill. Diet., Alatirnus sempervirens Koehl. ex Steud. ; Vericlpme- num virginiacum Riv. Mon. : Madre Selva de Virginia, Ital. 2 niajor Ait., Curt. 532 3 minor Ait., Sims 532 i. conndta Meerb. 4 Brownw Gordon 532 12. ciliosa Poir, - 532 Caprifblium cilibsum Pursh Fl. Amer. Sept., L. cilidta Dietr. Lex. Suppl. 13. occidentalis H. 532 Caprifbl. occidentdle Lindl. Bot, Reg., Caprifblium cilib- sum Dougl. MSS. Other Species. — L. pilusa W., Dec. Frod. ( Caprifblium vil- Ibsum H. B. et Kimth Nov. Gen. Amer.) - - 533 § ii. Xylosteum Dec. Xyl6steon Juss. Gen., Loni- cera Rcem. et Schult. Syst., XylSsteon and Chamcecerasus Tourn. Inst., Xyl6steum and Isika Adans. Fam., Cobce^a. Neck. Elem. : the Fly Honey- suckle .' Hackenkirsche, Ger. ; Hondsbezien or Hondskarsen, Dutch. A. Ovaries and Berries alto- gether distinct. Stems twin- ing. Flowers irregular. Nmtoba Dec. Prod. 14. confusa Dec. - 533 Nintoda conf&sa Swt. Hort. Brit., Lonicera. jap6nica Andr. Bot. Rep ; Nintoo, Sintoo, K, 537 23. hispida PalL - 537 24. flexiiosa Thunb, 537 L. nigra Thunb. Fl. Jap., but not of Lin. ; L. brachOpoda Dec. Prod. C. Berries either distinct or joined together. Corolla very gibbous at the Base. Erect bushy Aurubs Cuphdnt/us Dec. 25. involucrata Ban. 538 Xyl6steum involucrhtum Richards in Frank. FirstJourn. 26. Ledebourw Esch. 538 D. Berries two on each Pe- duncle, joined together- in one. CONTENTS. XXXI which is bi-umbilicate at the Apex. Erect, bushy, ctecidu- oii^ Shrubs. — Islkae Adans. 27. alpigena H, - 539 Capr^Uum alp'mum Lam. Fl. Fr., Caprifbiiufn alpigenuni Gsrta. FrucC, Islka alpigena Borck., Islka Ihdda MoencU, Xt/I6steum alpigenum Lodd. Cat. : Cham^ch-asus alpigena Delarb. ; Cherry Woodbine : Heckenkirschet Get. ; Chamce- ceraso, Ital. 2 sibirica Dec.Prod,539 L. sibirica Vest in Roem. et Schult. Syst. 28. (a.) microphylla 539 i. rt//)igcna Sievers, L.mon- thna and L.mexicana Hort. 29. oblongif61iaJTooA:539 Xyl6sieum oblongifdlium Goldie in Edin. Fhil. Joum. 30. caerulea L. - 540 L. viUbsa MUhl. Cat., Xy- losteon villbsum Mich. FL Bor. Amer., X. So/bnis Eaton Man. Hot., L. velutma Dec. Prod., i. aildica Pall. Fl. Ross., Xy- iosteum asriileuTn canadpnse Lam. Diet., X. canadense Du Ham. Arb., Caprijolium cce- riUeum Lam. FI. Fr., ChanuE~ cerasus oBriilea'Delaxh. Fl.Au., L. pyrendica Pall. Fl. Ross., L. Palldm Led. FL Boss. Alt. lU. : Ciliegia alpina, ItaL 31. orientalis Lam, 540 X.' caucdsica Pall. Fl. Ross., L. ctei-aiea Gold. Itin., Cha- mtEcerasus orientdUs laur^fdlia Toum. Cor. 32. iberica Biek - 540 Xyld&teon ibericwm Bieb. Cent. PI. Rar. ex Suppl.,Lodd. Cat. 1836. V. Symphorica'rpos Dill. - - 541 The St. Peter's Wort — Sym- phoricdrpa Neck. Elem., Sym- phbrin Pers. Euch., Anisdn- M«i- ■VVilld. Rel., Lomcer&sp. 1. vulgaris Michx, - 541 Lonicera.Symphoricdrpos'Lin.. Sp., 5. parvrflbra Desf. Cat., Symvhbria conglomer&ta Pers. Ench., Symphbria glomerdta Pursh Sept. 2 foliis variegatjs 542 5. glomerdta fbliis varie- gdiis Lodd. Cat. 2. montanus Humh. 542 Symphbria montuna Spreng. SvBt., S. glauc&scens Don's MiU. 3. racemosLis Michjc.5'^^2 The Snowberry Symphbria racemdsa Pursh Sept., ?S. elon- gdta and S. heterophplla Presl in Herb. Haenke, S. leucocarpa Hort. 4. occidentalis Rich. 542 Wolf-berry, Amer. VI. Leyceste^r/^ 543 1. foniiosa WalL - 544 Hamelia. conn&ta Puerari MSS. KubiacecE, I. Cephala'nthus 544 The Button-wood. — Cepha- iante^ Fr. ; Knopjlaumj Ger. ; C^aianto, Ital. 1. occidentalis L. - 544 C.oppositifblitis Mcench Meth.: Swamp Globe Flower, Amer. 2 brachypodus Dec. 545 CompositcB. I. St^eheli^n^ L. 546 SttBheliney French and Ger. 1. dubiai. - - 546 S. Tosmarinifblia Cass., ac- cording to Less. Syn. Gen. Comp. II. ^a'ccharis Br, 546 Ploughman^ sSpikenard: Bac- chante, Fr. \ Baccharis, Ger. I./ialimifolia L. - 547 Groundsel Tree. — Senecio arborescens Hort. Kew. 2. (/^.) angustifolia - 547 in. rvA L. - - 548 1. frutescens 7j. - 548 Agerato qff'inis peruvidna fruiescens Pluk. Aim. : Bastard Jesuits^ Bark l^ee. IV. SantolOna T. 548 The Lavender Cotton. — San- toline, Fr. ; HeiHgenpfianxe, Ger. ; Santoiina, Ital. 1. 6'hamaecyparfssus 549 Common Lavender Cotton. — Petit Cypres, Fr. ; Abrotano femmina, Ital.; Cypressenkraut, Ger. Other Species.— ^. squarrbsaW., S. viridis W., and S. rosma- rinifblia L. - - 549 V. ^RTEMi's/^ Cas. 549 1. ^brotanum L. - 550 Southernwood. — Abrdlanum mas Dod. Pempt : Old Man : Armoise Aurone, Azirone des Jardins, la Citronelle, la Garde- robe, Fr.; Eberrauie, fVermu/h, Siabwurtz, Ger.; Abrotano ItdX., Span., and Port. 2 bumile Hort. B30 3 tobolskianum H. 550 A. tobolskidna Lodd, Cat. Other Species of Artemisia.. — j4. arborescens L.,W.procera W.tA. Santdnica i. - 550 VI. ^ene'cio Les. - 550 (Hnerhria Less. SyA- Gen. Comp. : Senegon, Fr. ; KreuK' kreut, Ger. 1. Cineraria X)tfc. - 551 Sea Ragwort.— Cinerdriamn- rttima Linn. Spec, Jqcobee'a^ mariiima Bonp. : Sicilian Rag- wort : Ciniraire, Fr. ; Meer- strands Aschcnpjlanxe, Ger.; Cenertna, Ital. VII. MuTi's/^ Cav. 55 1 1. latifolia D. i)o« 552 Other Species M. ilicifblia, M. iuflexa, M. linearifblia. M. runcinata, and M. subspindsa Hook. Bat. Misc. ; M. arach- ndldea Mart. - - 552 YAvicdcecB, Sect. I. JEiii'cEiE. ^ i. ^ricetB normdles. I. Eki^k B. Don - 555 The Heath. — Erica sp. Lin. and others : Bruyere, Fr. ; Heide, Ger. ; Erica, Ital. 1. Tetralixi^. - - 555 E. botulifdrmis Sal. in Lin. See. Trans., E. barb&rica Raii Syn., E. pftmrtaPark. Theatr. ; E. Titralix riibra Hort. Eric. Woburn. : the cross-leaved Heath : Sumpf Heide, Ger. ; Scopa di Fior rosso, Ital. 1 rubra Hort. Eric. Wo- burn, - 556 2 carnea Loud. H. B. 556 3 alba Hort Eric Wo- burn. - 556 4 Mackaiana - 556 E. Mackai&na Bci. Fi. Hib. 2. cinerea L, - - 556 E. mutdbilis Salisb. in Lin. Trans., E. hUmilis Necft. Gall., E. tenuifblia, Ger., a. cinerea riibra Hort. Eric. Woburn.: Scopa, Ital. 2 atropurpirea Lodd. Bot. CaU - - 556 3 alba Lodd. Cat. - 556 4 pallida Lodd. Bot. Cab. - 556 5 carnescens L. Cat. 556 6 prolifera Z,o£?. Cat. 556 7 stricta Lodd. Cat. 556 3. australis L. - - 556 E. pistilldris Sal. in Lin. Trans. - 537 4. ciliaris L, II. Gypsoca'llis S. 557 The Moor Heath, — Ericea! sp. of other authors. I. vagans Sal. - - 557 Cornish Moor Heath.— E. vii- gans Lin. Mant., E. vdga Sal. in Lin. Trans., E. multijlbra Huds. Fl. Angl., E. didvma Stokea in Withering's Bot. XXXll CONTENTS. Arrang., B.purpur&scemljam. Diet. 2 pallida - .557 3 rubescens £ree - 557 4 purpurascens B. - 558 5 alba . . 558 6 tenella - 558 2. multifl6raZ).Dora 558 Br'tca multifibra Lin. Sp., E. iuniperifblia, ^c, Garidel Aix ; E. muUiJibra longipedicetldta Wendl. Eric, 1^. peduncul&ris Presl : Scopa grande rosso, Ital. 3. carnea D. Don - 558 E. carnea Lin. Sp., E. her- bAcea Lin. Dis., E.saxdlili's Sal. in Lin Trans. 4. mediterraneai>.2). 558 E. Tnediterrdnea Lin. Mant., E. lUgubris Sal. in Lin. Trans. III. Callu^na Sal. 559 EHcfl sp, Lin and others. 1. vulgaris iSa/. - - 559 Ling, orHeathcr — Erica vul~ gdris Lin. Sp. ; laBrvy^re, Fr.; Heide, Ger. ; Lt/ng, Dan. ; Liung, Swed. ; BrentolU Cec- chitty or 5copfl, Ital. ; Brexo, Span. ; t^rKtf, Port. ; Weres/e, Russ. 1 purpurea 559 2 spuria - 559 3 deoilmbens 559 4 tomentosa 559 5 alba 559 6 ilore pleno - 559 7 foliis variegatis - 559 8 aurea - 559 9 coccinea - - 559 10 spicata - , S59 11 [atro-rubens] 559 12 [serotina] 559 § ii. AndromedeEe, IV. Andro'mbd,4L. 560 Tulifblia Buxbaum Cent., Andrdmeda. sp. L, 1. polirdlia L. - 560 Moorwort. — 'Rhododendrbn polifdlium Scop. Carn. : taild Rosemary, Pohj' Mountain, Marsh Cisius, Marsh Holy Rose : Jndromede, Fr. and Ger. 1 angustifolia Sot. 560 2 ericbides » - . 560 3 grandiflora Lod. 560 4 latifolia Lod. - 561 5 minima - - 561 6 revolita Lod. - 561 7 seotifca - 561 8 stricta - 561 2. rosmarinifolia P. 561 A- ipolifdlta Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer. Other Species of Andromeda. — Andromeda Drumm6ndH Hook. - . 661 V. Cassi^op.b Don 561 Andr6meds. sp. Lin., Pall. 1. Aypnoides X). D. 561 ATtdromeda hypndides Lin. Sp. 2. tetragona Z). Don 562 Andrdmeda ietragbna Lin. Sp. 3. lycopodioides D. 562 Andrdrneda lycopodioides Pall. Fl. Ross. 4. ericoides D. Don 562 AndromedA ericoldes Pall. Ross. > Other Species of Cassiope. — C. fastigi^taD.IJoM, C.Reduwsk? G. Don. . - - 562 VI. Cassa'ndr^D, 562 AndrdmedA sp. Lin. and others. 1. calyculata D. Z). 563 Andrdmeda. calyculdta Lin. Sp. 1 ventricosa Sims 563 2 latifolia Lod. - 563 3 nana Sims 563 2. (c.) angustifdlia 563 Andromeda calyculd.ta j3 an- gzistifdlia Ait. Hort. Kew., A. angustifblia Pursh Fl. Amer. Sept., A. crispa Desf. et Link, VII. Zeno'bi.^ Don 563 AndrSmeda. sp. Michaux. 1. speciosa Z). 7)on 56^ Andrdmeda. specidsa Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer. 2 nitida - - 564 A. s. nitida Pursh. A. c-dssinefdlia Vent. 3 pulverul^nta - 564 A, s. pulverulcnta Pursh. A. pulverufe/tta Bartram. A. cassinefolia /3 Verit. A. specidsa y g-^aiifaWats. A. dealbdla LindL A. ovdta Soland. VIII. Lyo'n/^ N. 5C4 Andr6meda. sp. Lin. and va- rious authors. A. Leaves evergreen. I. ferruginea Nutt. 565 Andrdmeda ^errugtnea Walt. Fl., A. ferrut-jnea /3 fruticdsa Wichx. Fl. Bor. Amer. 2. rigida Nutf, - 565 Andromeda ferruginea Willd. Sp., A. ferrvgmea arboriscens Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer., A. ri- gida Pursh Fl. Amer. Sept, 3. marginata Don 565 AndrSmeda. margincLta Du Ham.; A. cor /^cmWil Id. Spec, Ait. Hort. Kew. ; A. Ikcida Lam. Encyc; A. maiidna Jacg. Icon. Rar. 2 rubra Lod. 566 B. Leaves deciduous. 4, mariana D. Don 566 AndrdmedA maridna Lin. Sp. 2 oblonga Swt. - 566 5. racemosa D. D. 566 Andrdmeda, racemdsa Lin. Sp., L'Herit. Stirp. ; A. pant' culhta Walt. Car., Gronov. Virg. 6. arborea D. Don. 566 Andrdmeda. arborea Lin. Sp. 7. paniculata Nutt, 561 Andrdmeda. pcvniculdta Lin. Sp. 8. ialicifolia Wats. 567 9. (p.) fronddsa N. 567 Andrdmeda. frondbsa Pursil Fl. Amer. Sept. 10. (p.) multiflora 567 11. (p.) capresefolia 568 IX. Leucotho^D. 568 Andrdmeda sp. of previous authors. 1. axillaris D. Don 568 Andrdmeda axillaris Solander in Hort. Kew., A, Catesba^i Walt. Car. 2 longifolia - 569 Andrdmeda longijblia Pur. A. Walteii Willd. 2.- spimilosa G.jDora 569 Andrdmeda spinulbsa Pursh Sept. i '> A. Catesba'i Walt. Fl. Car. 3. acuminata G. D. 569 Andrdtneda acuminata Ait. Hort. Kew., A. liicida Jacq. Icon. Rar., A. populifblia Lam. Encyl., A. reticuldta Walt. Fl. Car., A. Jormasissima Bartr., A. \a{irina Michx. Fl." Amer. ; Pipe-stem~wood, Amer. 4. floribunda D. D. 569 Andrdmeda floribUnda Lyon Herb. Sept. 5. spicata G. Don 569 Andrdmeda spicitia Wats. Dend. Brit. X. PiERis D.Don 570 - Andrdmeda sp. Wallich. 1. ovalifoliaD.JDoB 570 Andrdmeda ovalifblia Asiat. Res.,^. capricida Hamilt. MSS. XI. Phyllo'docs 570 Andrdmeda sfi. L., Men- ziVsia sp. Swartz, Smith. 1. iaxifolia Snl. - 571 Menziesia ceerillea Swz. in Lin. Trans., Andrdmeda ccb~ rklea Lin. Sp., A. taiifblia Pall. Fl. Ross., B.rica cesridea Willd. Sp. 2. fnyeiriformis 2). 571 Menxiisia ^mpetrifdrmis Smith in Lin. Trans. XII. Brya'nthus 571 Andrdmeda sp. Lin,, Men- ziesia Swartx, Pursh; Srwa sp. Thunb. CONTENTS. XXXlll 1. Gmelim D. Don 571 Menziesia bryatitha Swartz in Lin. Trana, Andrdmeda brydntha Lin. Mant, Erica bryantha^ Thunb. Diss., Bry- anthtts repens uyrpyllifblia fibre Tdseo Gmel. Sib. 2. Stellei-t D. Don 572 Andr6meda. Stelierima Pall. Fl. Ross, i MeivziesiA &npetri- J6rmis Pursh Fl. Amer. Sept., but not of others. XIII. Dab(e'c/^ D. 572 Erica sp. Lia, AndrdmedA sp. Lin., Menziisia.sp. Juss. 1. poMolia I). Don 372 Andrdmeda, Dabcic\\ Lin. Syst., Erica Dabcecia. Lin. Sp., Menziisia. DabceciSL Dec. Fl. Gall., Krica hibirnica, Sgc. Rail Hist. 3 Suppl., MeTtziisia. po/(^^a Juss. Ana. Mus., "^ac- dnium cantabricum H^ds. Fl, Ang. : Irish Whorts, Cantabrian Healh, St.Dabeoc's Heath. 2 flore albo Swt. Brit, Fl Card, - 572 XIV. Arbutus C. 573 The Strawberry Tree. — An- drdchne Clus., Arbutits sp. Lin. Gen.: Arbousier, Fr.; Sand- beere, Gei.; Abbatro, Itai. 1. CTnedo L. 573 L^'Arbousier commun,Arbou- sier des Pyrinees, or Fraisier en Arbre, Fr.; .Erdbeereartige Sandbeere, Ger. ; KoTnad, Mod. Greek. 1 albus Ait H. K. 57S 2 ruber Ait. H. K. 573 3 planus Ait. H. K. 573 4 schizop^talus 574 5 integrifoUus Sims 574 6 crispus 574 7 salicifolius - 574 2. h^-brida Ker - 374 A. amdrachnoides Link Enum. 2 Millerz Mayes - 575 3. Jndrachne L. 573 A. iniegrifblta Lam., A«- dr&chne Theophrdstl Clus. Hist., Andrdchne Park. Theatr., An^ drackne Theophrastus : Adra- chla. Modern Greek. 2 serratifolia 575 A. serratifdlia Nois. 4. procera Dougl. 576 5. tomentosa Pursh 576 Arctostdphylos tomentbsa L. Bot. Reg. 2 nudiSk Hook. etArn. 576 6.densifl6ra^.-B.e^ir.576 Other Species of A'fbutus. — A. speci6sa Dickson, Gard. Mag. 1840; ./^.nepalensis^Ao^/f. XV. ^rctosta'phylos Adans. - 577 The Bearberry.— tTi/o-urst Dod., Tourn. ; A^rbutus sp. Lin. 1. I?va-ursi Spreng. 377 A'rbuttis XTva-^rsi Lin. Sp., A'rbutus huxifdlia Stokes Bot. ; ITva-ursi huxifdlia Sal.inGrays Arran.: Bearberries, and Bear- whortleberries, Eng. : Barent- raube, or Barenbeere, Ger. ; Beerenduifif, Dutch ; la Basse- role, Fr.; IJva d'Omo, \tai.\lJva de Oso, Span. ; Vva de Orso, Port. ; and Uva Ursi, in the works of most old botanists. 2 austriaca Lodd, 577 2. alpina Spreng. - 578 A'rbutus alpina Lin. Sp. Other Species of Arctostdphy- los.— A. plingens H. B. etK. 578 XVI. Perne'tty^ 578 1. mucronata Gaud. 578 A'rbutus nmcrondta Lin. fil Suppl, 2 Cummingie - 579 .'P. Cumtningii Lodd. 2. pilosa G. Don 579 Krbvtus piRisa Graham. 'Other Species of Pemettya — P. microphjlla Gaud. iA'rbtitus microph^lla Forst., A. ser- pyilifbUa Lam.), P. ptimila Gavdich. (A rbutus pitmila Forst.) - - 679 XVII. Gaulthe'r/^ L. 1, procumbens L. - 579 Partridge Berry, Mountain Tea, Spring Winter-Green of Smith's Hist, of Nova Scotia. 2. SkdUon Pursh - 580 XV1II.Epig^>X. 580 Mevtecylum Mich. Gen.: Jtfay Flower, Nova Scotia. 1. repens L, - 580 2 rubicunda Swt, 581 XfX. Phaleroca'rfus G, Don - 581 'Vaccinium Lin., Gaulthirla Pwrsh, Oxycdccus Nutt.iA'r- butics Lam. 1.5erpyllif6l.G. Z>on381 yaccinium hispidulum Lin. Sp., Gaulth&ria serpyUifolia Pursh Sept., Arbutus fili- fdrmts Lam. Diet., Oxyc6ccus hisptdulus Pers. XX. CtE^HRA L. 591 Cuell^ria Rui% et Pav. Syst: 1. fllnifoliaX. - 582 C. alnifdlia var. a denudata Ait. Hort. Kew. 2. (a.) tomentosa//. 582 C. alnifblia /3 pubSscem Ait. Hort. Kew., C inc&na Pers. Ench. 3. (a.) paniculata^i^ 582 b 4. (fl.) acuminatail/. 582 C. montdna Bartr. Cat. 5. (a.) schbra Pets. 583 Sect. II. iJaoDo^RE.*:. XXL i?HODODE'NDRON Rose Bay. — Azalea sp. of authors, ikhodbra Lin., Cha- meerhodod^ndros Tourn. Inst, : Rhododendron, Fr., Ital., and Span. ; Alpbalsam, Ger. § i. PSnticum D. Don. 1. ponticum L. - 584 2 obtusum Wats. 584 3 myrtifolium Lodd.5S4 4 Stnithu Swt.Brit.584 5 Lfiwit Gard.Mag.584 6 azaleoides - - 584 R. azaleoides Desf. R.JO. ^ subdeciduunii^ndr. 7 fVagrans ChaitdlerBSS Nui'sery Varieties - - 585 2. maximum L. - 583 American Rose Bay. 2 album i7or^ - 585 3 hybridum Ifook. SHS R- frdgrans Hort. 'B-.k^bridum Lodd. Cat. 3. (m.) purpureum 586 R. maximum y purpkreum Pursh Fl. Am. Sept., R. ptSn* ticum macroph^Uum Lod. Cat. 4. PurshMG.Bon 586 R. maximum /3 album Pursh Fl. Amer. Sepl. 5. catawbiense Mx. 586 2 Russelh'an«m 587 3 tigrinum Hort. - 587 6. ehrysaiithum i. 587 R. oSidn&U Salisb. 7. caucasicum Pall. 587 2 stvam'ineum Hooh.S^l 3 pulch^rrimum i. 587 4 Nobleonam Hort. 588 8. punctatum Andr. 588 "Si. Jerrugineum var. minus Pers. Ench., R. minus Wx. Fl. Bor. Amer., R. punctdtum var. minus Wata. Dend. Brit. 2 majus Ker - 588 9. ferrugineum L. - 588 2 album Lodd. Cat. 588 10. (?f.)hirsutumL. 588 2 variegatum - 589 ] 1. setosura D. Don 589 Other Species — B. macroph^l- lum D. Don - 589 § ii. Eooratn. 12. canipanulatum 589 Other Species. — R. arbSireum Smitli, S. a. ventistum D. Don • - - . 590 xxxiv CONTENTS. § iii. Pogondnthum. 13. anthopogon Don 590 R. aromdticum Wall. Cat. § iv. Lepipherum D. Don. H. lapponicum Wakl.590 Azdlea lappdnica Lin. Fl. Suec, A.fent^inea Hort. 15. dauricum L, - 591 2 atrovlrens Ker 591 R. lepiddtum Wall. § V. Chamacistus D. Don, 16.camtschaticumP. 5;91 17. Chamaecistus L. 592 § vi. Pentanih^ra D. Don. Azdlea L. 1 8. flavum G. Don 592 Azalea pdntica Lin. Sp., /4a;(iZf« arbdrea Lin. Sp. Varieties and Hybrids - 592 1 9. nudiflorum T'o/r. 592 Az&lea ntidifidra Lin. Sp., Azdlea pericli/mendtdes Mx, Ft. Bor. Amer. : the American Ho- neysuckle, May FlowerSy and wild, or uprighty Honeysuckle, Amer. 1. coccineum D. D. 593 Azdlea n. coccinea Sims 2 riitilans D. Don - 593 >4. n. rMilans Ait. H. K. A.-periclymenbides riitilans. 3 carneum i3. D. - 593 j4. n.carnea Ait. ji. p. cdrnea Pursh. 4 ilbum i). i)o7i - 593 A. n. alba Ait, ^. p. dtba Fursh. 5 papilionaceum - 593 A. p. papiliondcea Fursh, 6 partitum i). i). 593 A. p. partita Fursh. 7 polyandrum 2>. - 593 A.-p.polydndra Fursh. 8 Goveuidnum D. - 593 9 rubrum iod.^. C. 594 10 eximium Z). D. 594 1 1 thyrsiflorum £. R. 594 12 scintiUans B. M, 594 13 Seymouri B. R. 594 Varieties and Hybrids as- signed to A. niidifldra in Lodd. Cat., 1836 - 594 20. (n.)bicolorZ).-594; Azalea hicolor Fursh Sept., Azdlea nudiflbra var, bicolor Ait. Hort. Kew. 21. (n.) calendulaceum Torr - - 595 Azdlea calenduldcea Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer., A. nudiflbra Vftr. coccinea Ait. Hort. Kew. 2 Mortern Swt. - 595 3 fijlgidum Hook. - 595 A. c./aigida Hort. 4 Upidum Bot. R. • 59S 22. canescens G.Don 595 Azalea canescens Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer., Ph. Sept. 23. viscosum Torr. - 595- Az&lea viscbsa Lin. Sp. 2 ornatum Swt. - 596 Varieties and Hybrids o? A. visc6sa in Lod C. 1836 596 24. (v.) glaucum D, 596 Azdlea glauca Fursh Sept., A. viscbsa var.JtoribUnda Ait. Hort. Kew. 25. (v.)hispidum 7". 597 Azdlea Mspiiia Fursh Sept., Azdlea viscdsa var. glauca Ait. Hort. Kew. 26. (v.) nftidum T, 397 Azdlea nitida Fursh Fl.Amer. Sept. 27. speciosum Don 397 Azalea specit'S^aWilld.Enum., A. coccinea Lodd. Bot Cab. 28. arbor^scens T, 598 Azdlea arboi'escens Fursh Fl. Amer. Sept., A. arbbrea Bart. Cat, § vii. Khoddra D. Don. 29. i^hodora G.Don 598 'Khodbra canadensis Lin. Sp. XXII. Ka'lm/^ L. 398 American Laurel, 1. latifolia L. - 599 Mountain Laurel, Calico Bush, Calico r^ower^ Amer.' 2. angustifdlia L. - 399 Sheep Laurel, Amer, 2 ovata Pursh - 599 3. glauca AH. - - 599 jK. -polifblia Wangh. Act. Soc. BeroL. 2 rosmarinifoliaP. 600 4. cuneata Michaux 600 5. hirsuta Waft. - 600 K. ciliAta Bartr. Itin. XXIII. Menzie's/^ 600 1. femiginea Smith 601 M.urceoldris Sal. Par.Lond. 2. globularis 5a&J. 601 Jtr SmUhi\Mx. Fl.Bor.Amer., Ax&lea pildsa Lam. 111. M,pi. Ibsa Pers. Ench. XXIV. Aza'leaZ). 601 AxAlea procumbens Lin. and many authors, ioM^feilnai3e .j. , ChamtsUdon Link Enum. I. procumbens L. - 601 ChamiBl^don procHmbensJAij/i Enum., Loiseleiiriz prociimbens Vest. XXV.Leiophy'llum P. Ammgrsine Pursh Sept., Fischera Swartz, Ledum ba«- fdlium Berg. Alt. 1, fhymifolium Pers. 602 hidum buiifilium Bergius, Ledum thymijblium Lam.Dlct., \Jdum serpt/llifdlium L'Herit. Stirp., Ammjrsine huxiJMia Pursh Sep. : Sand Myrtle, New Jersey. Other Species of LeiophjUum — L. prostrStum (,Ammi/rstne prostrkta Swt., Loud. Hort. ■Brit; ^. L^om Swt. H.B.) 602 XXVI. iB^DUM L. 602 1. palustre L. - 603 L. sileslacum Clus. Pan.,Ko5- 7WaHn«m sylv^stre Cam. Epit. 2 decurabens .<4i/. 603 2. latifoliiim ^ii. - 603 Jj. greenldndicum Retz.Obs., Jj.paliistre Mx. Fl. Bor. Amer.: Labrador Tea, Amer. 3. canadense Lodd, 603 Sect. III. Faccinie^^e. XXVII. rACCl'NIUM L. The Whortleberry. — VHis idiB^aTourn. Inst.: Airelle,Tr.i Heidelbeere, Ger. A> Leaves deciduous. a. Pedicels 1 -flowered, usually solitary, rarely twin, or fascicu- late. 1. ikfyrtillus i. 604, TAe common Bilberry, or 2 baccis albis Sooth 604 2. uligin6sum L. - 605 Myrlitlus grdndis Bauh. Hist. : the great Bilberry. 3. angustifolium Ait. 605 V. myrtilloides Mx. ,F1. Bor. Amer. 4. casspitdsum Mx. 605 b. Flowers in sessile Tufts. 5. gaUzans Michx. 606 V. ^a^ifbrmis Sm. iw Rees's Cycl. 6. tenellum Ait. - 606 \ .pennsylvdniciimLsm.'D\ct. Variety - 606 7. figustrinumilfacAx. 606 c. Flawers disposedin Racemes. 8. pallidum Ait. - 606 9. arboreum Marsh 607 V. diffusum Ait. Hort. Kew. 10. stamineum - 607 v. album Pursh Sept., V. elevitum Banks Herb. : Deer Berry, Amer. S^bum H.S.ctK.601 CONTENTS. XXXV 11. dumosum Ait, - 607 V. froTiddsum Mx. Fl. Bor. Amer., V. hirteUum Ait. Hort. Kew. 2 h^mile JTats.D.JB. 60S 12. corymbosum L. 608 y.amic^num Ait. Hort. Kew., V. disomorphum Mx. Fl. Bor. Amer., V. elevdtum Hort, V. album Lam. Diet. 2 virgatuni^i*. H. K. 608 3 fuscatum^iY. H. K. 608 'V.formdsum And. Bot. R. V. viTgdtum Wats. Dend. Brit., but not of Ait. 4 angustifolium 609 V. virgdtum. var. angusti- Jbtium Wats. Dend. Br. 13. aJbifiorum Hook. 609 V. album Lam. ? 14. marianum Wats, 609 \'. maryldndicuTn Lodd. Cat. ed. 1836. 15. grandiflorum W. 609 16. (g.)elongatumrF.609 17. (g.) minutifl6rum 610 18. glabrum Wats, - 610 19. frondosuni iy. - 610 V. giaHcum Mx. Fl. Bor. Amer. : Bltte Tangles^ Amer. 2 venustum Ait, 611 V. fronddsum var. lan- ceoldtum Purah Fl. Am. 20. resinosum Ait. - 611 Andromeda baccdta Wangh. Amer. 2 rubescens Pursh 61 1 3 lutescens Pursh 611 V, parviflbrum And, B. R. 21. ^rctostaphylos L,6 1 1 22.(.^^.)^aditolium611 V. Arctostdphtflos Andr. Bot. Rep.,V. maderense Lk. Enum., V. caucasicum Hort., V. -padi- 'dlium caucasicum Hort. Soc. Cat. of Fruit, ed. J 826. B. Leaves evergreen. a. Flowers raceynose. 23. caracasanum 612 24. ritisidaeai. - 612 Vitis id^^ariibra Cam. Epit. : the Red Whortleberry, or Cow- berry. 23. rr.)5uxif61ium 613 V. hrachycerum Mx. Fl. Bor. 26. (Pr.)OTyrtif6lium613 27. nitidura Andr. - 614 28. crassifolium An. 614 29. ovatum Pursh - ^\^ 30. canadense Rich, 614 b. Flowers disposed in scaly Tufts, nearly iessile. 31. iWyrsinhes Mx. 615 2 lanceolatus Pursh 615 3 obtusu.s Pursh 615 32. hamifusuin(rraA.615 XXVIIL Oxvco'ccus The Cranberry. — Vaccini- um. sp. of Lin. and others. 1. palustris Pers, - 616 0. vulgaris Pursh Sept., O. europ^E^us Nutt. Gen. Amer., 'Vaccinium Oxycdccus Lin. Sp, Vaccinium Oxycdccus var, « ovalijblius Mx. Fl. Bor. Amer., 'V accinia palHsiTisG^T . Emac. ; Oxyc6ccum Cord. Hist. : Moss- berries, Moorberrtes, Fenber- ries, Marshworts or Whortle- berries, Comberries : Airelle canneberge, Fr. ; gemeinc Moosebeere, Ger. 2. macrocarpus P?w. 616 VacciTHUJK macrocdrpum. Ait. Hort. Kew., Yacchtium hispidum Wangh. Amer., Vac- cinium Oxycdccus ^ oblong\f'b- lius Mx. FL Bor. Amer. 2 foliis variegatis 617 VactnniuTn ■macroca.jpum Sol. var. Lodd. Cat. 3 er^ctus Pursh - 617 Yaccinium en/tkrocdr- pumMx. FL Bor. Am. Styrdcece, I. Sty^rax L. - - 6 18 The Storax.— ^ft'Aocjjfer.Fr.; Storax, Ger. 1. officinale L, - 618 LagomHia, Modern Greek ; Sturax kalamites. Ancient Greek. 2. (o.) grandifolium 618 S. officinale Walt. Fl. Carol., S. grandffldrum Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer. 3. (o.) laevigatum^. 619 S. octdndrum L'Herit. Stirp. Nov., S. gl&brum Cav. Diss., S. la^ve Walt. Fl. Carol., S. americdnum Lam. Diet. 4. (o .) pulverulentum6 1 9 S. UevigfUurrt Bot. Mag. Halesikcese, I. Hale's/^ Ellis 620 The Snowdrop Tree. — Ha- Usie, Fr. and Ger 1. tetrdptera X. - 620 The Snowdrop Tree. — Silver Bell Tree, Amer. 2. (t.) parvifl6rail^.621 3. dipteral. - - 621 Sapotacese. I. Arga'NIA Roem. 622 Sideroxylon spinbsum L. ; FArgan, t'r. ; Eisenholx, Ger. 1. Sideroxylon J{cem.Q22 Siderdxylon 'spinbsum Lin. Sp., Elaod^ndron A'rgan Retx. b 2 Obs., B.hdmnus pentaphyllus Jacq. et Boccone, Rhdmnua siculus Lin. Syst. II. .Bume'lia Swart,623 A^chras sp. Lin,, Poir. ; Si- deiSxylon sp. Lam. and others ; Chrysophullum sp. Aubl. and others : Hochstamm, Ger. 1. /ycioides Gcertn. 623 Siderdxylon lycioides Du Ham. Arb,, S. la've Walt. Fl. Carol., Lycioides sp. Lin. Hort, Cliff. ^ 2. reclinata Vent. - 623 Siderdxylon reclindtumMich, Fl. Bor. Amer. 3. tenax Willd. - 624 B. chrysophyUoides Pursh Fl. Amer. Sept., Siderdxylon te- nax Lin. Mant., 5. sericeum Walt. Fl. Carol., 5. chryso- phyUoides Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer., Chrysophullum caroli- nense Jacq. Obs., C. gldbrum Juss. 4. lanuginosa Pursh 624 Sideroxylon lanuginbsum Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer., S. tenax VfaXi. Fl. Car. 5. oblongifolia ISfutt. 624 Yibenhcea;, I, -DiospY^Ros L. - 623 The Date VXum.—K'benus Comm., GuaiacSna 7'ourn. : Plagueminier, Fr. ; Datiei- pJiauTne, Ger. 1. Lotus L, - - 625 Pseudoldtzts Matth., Guaia- cana patavina Tourn. : Italian Lignum Vi/es, Wood of Life, PockwQod, Bastard Menyn- wood, Gerard; Date of Tre- bisonde : Flaqueminiery faux Lotier, Fr. ; Italiantsche Dat- telpjlaume, Ger. 2. virginiana L. - 626 The Persimon. — Guaiacana Catesb. Car. 3. (v.) pubescens P. 627 D. vtrginidna var. Michx. Arb. For. Other KtTids p^ros hardy Xiios. - 627 Oleacece, Sect, I. OLE^IN.ffl. I. XiGu'sTRUM Tou. 628 The Privet.— Troene, Fr. ; Rainweide, Ger. 1. vulgare Trag. - 628 L. germdnicum Bauh. Hist. ; Prim, or Prim-print : Troeney Puine blanc, Fr. ; sememe Rainweide, Ger. ; Ligustro Olivella, Ital. 2 leucocarpum - 629 3 xanthocarpum 629 4 chlorocdrpum - 629 CONTENTS. 5 sempervirens 629 L. itdlicum Mill. Italian,orevergreen,PriveL 6 variegatum - 629 7 angustifolium 629 2. spicatum HamilU 630 L. nepalense "Wall, in Roxb. Fl. Ind., L. lanceolatum Herb. 2 glabrum Hook. 630 3. lucidum Aii. - 630 The Wax Tree. 2 floribundum Donald's Cat 6 SO Other Species of Ug^strivin. — L'. salicifblium, L. japoiiicum Thunh. (L. iatijbliuin Vitm.), X. nepalense - - - %'h\ II. Philly'rea T. 631 Filaria, Fr. ; Steinlinde, Ger. 1. media i. - - 632 p. latifNia var. e media La- peyr. Fl. Pyr., P. h'gttstrJfdlia Mill. Diet., P. Ice^vis Tenore Syll. ; P. latifblia var. a \igus- trifilia Poll. PI. Ver. 2 virgata Ait. H. K. 632 3 Juxifolia^. H. K. 632 2. (in.) angustif61ia2y.632 p. oWijMd Ten. Syll., P. media Tenore Fl. Neap. 2 lanceolata Jl. B. K. 632 3 rosmarinifolia Ait. 632 4 brachiata/ii^. ff. ^.632 3. (m.) /igustrifolia ^.632 p. »i'rg(Jte Willd. Enum., P. tnerff'fl var. A Willd. Sp., P/h7- lyrea iii. Clus. Hist. 4-. (m.) pendula Ait. 632 P. miiia Y Willd. Sp. 5. (m.) oiesefolia Ait. 633 V. media 8 Ait. Hort. Kew., P. racemhsa Link Jahrb. 6. (m.) latifolia i. - 6.33 p. latifilia serrita Poll. Fl. Ver., P. latifilia (3 Ten. Fl. Neap., P. spilibsa Ten. Syll., P. latifilia /3 spinisa Seg. Ver. 7. (m.) IseVis Ait. - 633 P. latifilia var, A Willd. Sp., P. latifilia Mill. Diet. 8. (m.) obliqua Ait. 633 p. latifilia y Willd. Sp., P. foliacea Link Jahrb., Vhill^rea ii. Cluh. Hist. 9. Cm.) spinosa ikTiffi. 6.33 p. ilicifilia Willd. Enum., P. latifilia ^ spinisa Willd. Sp., P. latifilia tongtfilia Link Jahrb., Yliill^rea i. Clus. Hist. III. Chiona'nthus 634 The Snow. Flower, or the Fringe Tree. — Chionantlie, Fr. ; Schneeblitme, Ger. 1. virglnica L. - 631 Snowdrop Tree, Araer. ; Arbre de Neige, Fr. ; Schneehlume, Ger. 2 latifolia Cat. Car. 634 C. V. monfina Pursh Sept. 3 angustifolia Ait. 634 C. o-i^rfa Moench. 4 maritima Pursh - 634 C. maxima Lodd. C. 1836. O'lea ainericana L. 635 ITAe Devil-wood, Amer. Sect. II. Syri'ngeje. IV. SYni'NGA L. - 635 The Lilac. — Lilac, Tourn. Inst. : Lilas, Fr. ; Flieder, Ger. ; Liiaco, Ital. 1. vulgaris L. - - 636 Lilac vulgdris Geert. : Pi>je Privet, or Pipe y'ri'^ : Li7as commun, Fr. ; gemeiner Flie- der, Ger. ; Z,i7to, or Lilac turco, Ital. 1 cseriilea Clus. Hist. 636 2 !>io]aceaCMr<.2?.JW.636 The Scotch Lilac. 3 aiba - ■ - 636 4 alba major Lod. C. 636 5 alba plena - - 636 S. plena Lodd. Cat. 6 rilbra Lodd. Cat. 636 7 rijbra majtir L. C. 636 IJlas de Marly of the French gardeners. Other Varieties 6.36 2. Josikce'o Jacq. 637 3. persica L. - - 637 Lilac minor Mflench, Lilac persica Lam.: Lilas de Ferse, Fr. ; Lilac di Persia, Ital. 2 alba Lodd. Cat. - 637 3 laciniata Lodd. C. 637 5. capitdta Gmel. Itin. Lilas d Feuilles de Persil, Fr. 4 salvifolia Lodd. C. 637 4. rothomagensis - 637 S. diibia Pers. Ench. ; Lila- ceum ro/Aomae^7ije Renault Fl. de I'Orne, S. media Uura. Cours., Lilas Varin N. Du Ham., S. chinensis Willd. Sp., 5. sibirica Hort. : the Siberian Lilac, Hort. 2 Lilas Royal SonJ.638 3 sanguinea Hort. 638 Lilas sauge, Fr. Other Species of Syrfnga. — S. EmidiV/aM Cat.,Don's Mill., Itoyle Illust. - 638 V. Fontanb~s7.,4 Lab. 638 1. ;;hillyreoides Lab. 639 Sect. III. i^RAXimE'.«. VI. Fra'xinds Tou. 639 The Ash — Frene, Fr. ; -Esche, Ger. ; Frassino, Itiil. A. Leaflets broad, smooth, or shining on the upper surface. Natives qf Europe. 1. excelsior L. - 639 F. apUala Lam. 111., F. ros- Irila Guss. Fl. Rar.. F. O'rnus Scop. Carn., F. erisa Pers , F. crispa Bosc : le FrBne, Fr. ; Aesche, or Esche, Ger. and Dutch ; Ask, Dan. and Swed. ; Frassino, Ital. ; Fresno, Span. ; Freixo, Port. ; Ja*. Jasen, or Jassen, Russ. ; .«Ss£?, Sax. 2 p6ndula^2*. iJ". .ff. 640 Frene Parasol, Fr. 3 aurea )Fj«d. £«. 640 F. aUrea Pers. Ench., Lodd. Cat. 1836. 4 aiirea pendula 641 5 crispa - - 641 F. crispa Bosc. F. atrovirens Desf. Arb. 6 jaspidea fTiVW. 64 1 7 purpurascens Z). 641 F. purpilrea Hort. 8 argentea ifes/. 641 9 lutea - 641 10 erosa Pers.Ench. 641 11 horizontalisZ)es/641 12 verrucosa Desf. 641 13 verruc. pendula 641 14 nana - - 641 15 fungosa Lodd. C. 641 16 verticillata X. C. 641 17 villosa nova Des. 641 Ottier Varieties - 641 2. (e.) heterophylla 642 F. simplicifilia Wiild. Sp^, F. munuphylla Desf. Arb., F. simplicifilia Hort., F. excelsior var. E Lam. Diet., F. excelsior fi heterophylla Dec, F. integri- fblia and dwersifilia Hort. 2 variegata - 643 3. (e.) angustifolia^. 643 F. salicifilia Hort. B. Leaflets small, smooth, or sinning above. Natives of the South of Europe, the North of Africa, or tlie West of Asia. 4. parvifolia Willd. - 643 5. (p.) argentea ioiV. 643 6. (p.) oxycarpa W. 644 F. ocyphgila Bieb. Fl. Taur., F. O'rnus Pall. Ittn. Taur. 7. pallida Bosc - 645 8. /entiscifolia Besf. 645 F. ta7namc2/6/iaVahlEnum., Don's Mill. ; V.parvifilia'L^m. Diet., F. aleppensis Pluk. Phys. ^ 2 pendula - - 645 C. Leaves and Leaflets large, glaucous, and downy beneath. Natives exclusively of North Arnericai and in Britain chiefly to be considered as or- namental Trees. 9. americana Willd. 646 F. acumin&ia Lam., Don's Mill., Pursh Sept. ; F. discolor CONTENTS. XXX vu Muhl. : White Ash, Green Ash, Amer. 2 latifolia - 646 10. (a.)pubescensJr.646 F. nigra Du Koi Harbk., F. tmnenibsa Michx. N. Am. Syl. : Red Ash, Black Ash, Amer. 2 longifolia Willd. 647 F. pennsylvanica Marsh. 3 latifolia WiUd. 647 4 subpub^scens Pers. 647 ? F. subvilldsa Bosc. 1 1. (a.) jtambucifolia 647 F. »^a Moench, F. cj'/spa Hort. ; the Black Ash: Water Ash, Amer. 2 crispa Lodd. Cat. 647 12. (a.) quadrangulata Mj.-, - - - 648 F. letragdna Cels ex Dum. de Cours., F. quadrangul&ris Lodd. Cat. : Blue Ash, Amer. 2 nervosa Lodd. Cat. 648 1.3. (a.)j?uglandif61ia648 F. vtridis Mx. N. Amer. Syl., F. concolor Muhl. : the Green Ash, Michx. ; Western Black Ash, Pursh. 2 subinteg6rrima 649 F. iuglnndifhlia ^ subser- r^a Willd. F. caro/i'nz'dTui'Wang. Am, F. Nbv<£- A*ngli6e and F. caroliniana MilL Diet. 14. (a.) caroliniana 649 F. excilsior Walt. Fl. Car., F. serratifbUa Michx. fil. Arb., F. lanceamta Borkh. : Shining Ashj Amer. 15. (a.)epiptera Vaki650 F. canadensis Gaertn. Fruct, F. Idncea Bosc. 16. (a.)platycarpar.650 F. carolini&na Catesb. Car. : the Carolina Ash, AiDcr. Other alleged American Species. — F. (a.) expansa fTiT/tt, R (a.) mixtSi Bosc, F. (a.) pul- verulenta Bosc^ F. (a.) ru- biciinda Bosc, F. (a.) longi- fblia Base, F. (a.) viridis Base, F. (a.) cinfirea Bosc, F. (a.) 41ba Bosc, F. (a.) Richa.rdi Bosc, F. (a.) ovata Bosc, F. (a.) nigra Bosc, F. (a.) elllptica Bosc, F. (a.) ftisca Bosc, P. (a.) riifaBoic, F. (a.) pannbsa Vent: et BosCy F. Bosch G. Don, F. (a.) po- lemoniifblia Pair., P. (a.) trfptera Nutt., P. chinensis Rox.y P. Schiedeanfl Sch. 651 VII. (7RNUS Pers, 651 The Flowering Ash.— Frfli-i- nvs sp. of ihe old authors : le Frene d Pleitrs, Fr. ; die bill- hende Esche, Ger. i, Orno, Ital. ; Oren, Hebrew ; Oreine meliaf Greek. 1. europaea Pers, 651 The Manna Ash. — Frdxintts O'rma Lin. Sp., F. 0*rnus and F. panicul&ta Mill. Diet., F. ^rifera Scop. CarH., F, botry- oides Mor. Prselud., F. vulgh- tior Segu. Ver. 2, (e.) rotundifolia Q52 Fraxinus rotundifblia Ait. Hort. Kew., F.mannifera Hort. Pluk. Aim. 3, (e.) americana P. 653 F. americdna Linn. Sp., F. O'mtM americana Lodd. Cat 1836. 4, floribunda G.B. 653 FrajmMs fioribimda D. Don Prod. Fl. Nep. OMer Species g/' O'j-ntw. — O. striata {Fraarinus striata Bosc, Don's Mill.) - 653 Sasmindcece, I. JASHin^^v^iForsk. 654 The Jasmine. — Mongbrium Lam. : Jessamine : Jasmin, Fr, and Ger. ; Schasmin, Ger. ; Gelsomine, Ital.; Jazmin, Span. 1. fruticans L. - 654 Jns. heterophyllum Mcench, Lob. Adv. 2. humile i. - 655 Italian yellow Jasmine. 3. heterophjUum R. Q55 J. arbbreum Hamilt. MSS. : Goojee and Javana in Nepal. 4. revolutum Ker - 655 J . chrysanthemum Roxb. Fl. Ind. ; the Nepal yellow Jas- 5. (r.) pubigerum J). 656 J. Wallichmunra Lindl. Bot. Reg. : Cli7nali-swa, Nepalese. 6. officinale L. - 656 2 foliis argenteis L 656 3 foliis aiireis L. C, 656 4 floribus plenis H, 656 Kpocyndce(E, I. ri'NCA L. ' 657 The Periwinkle. — Vervinca Tourn. : la Pervenche, Fr. ; Sunngriln, Ger. ; Finca, or Pior da Morto, Ital. 1. major L, - 657 Vinca media Delile, Per- v'lnca major Scop. Carn. 2 variegata Hort -657 2. minor L. 657 Vervinca minor Scop. Carn., "Pervinca vulgaris 'PaT)&.. Thea., Clematis daphTwides Dodon. Pempt. 2 foliis argenteis L. 658 3 foliis aiireis Lod. 658 4 flore dlbo Lod. C, 658 5 flora pleno Lod. 658 6 flore puniceo L. 658 7 acutiflora Bert 658 h 3 i Asclepiadacese, I. Peri'ploca L. - 65S Periploca, Fr. ; Schlinge, Ger. ; Periploca, Ital. 1. grffiVaZ. - - 659 P.-maculdta Moench, Schmidt Baum.: Silk Tree: Apocino serpeggiante, Ital. 2. angustifolia Lab. 659 P. ng^ida Viv., P. l^vtedta Vahl. ^ albens - 659 Physta^nthus Mart. - - Bignon\kce?B. 1. Bigno'n/-4Tou. - 660 The Trumpet Flower.— JJ^g- none, Fr. ; Trompetenhlume, Ger. ; Bignonia, ItaL I. capreolata !>. 660 II. Te'coma Juss. 661 ^t^fzdrna sp. Lin. and others. 1, radicans Juss. - 661 Big^nbnia, radicans Lin. Sp., B/gnonia. radicans major Hort., Gels&mium C/^matis Barrel. Icon., Bignbnia. fraximfblia Catesb. Car. : Jasmin de Vir- ginie, Fr. ; Wurzeln Bignonia, Ger. ; Esschenbladige Bignonia, Dutch ; Gelsom.ino americana, Ital 2 major Hort - 66 1 2. grandiflora 5«'^. - 661 Bignbm2. grandijibra Thunb. Fl. Jap., B. ckijiijisis Lam. Diet., Rjotsjo Kjempf. Amoen., Incarvillea. grandifldra Spreng. Syst. : Tung'von-fa, Chinese. III. Cata'lpa Juss. 662 Bigndnm sp. of Lin. and others : Bignone Catalpa, Fr. ; gemeine Trompetenblume, Ger. 1. syri-ngcB^oWzi Sims 662 Bignbnia. Cat^lpa Lin. Sp., Catfflpa fii^onidldes Walt. Fl. Car., C. curdijblia Nutt. Gen. Amer. : Bois Skavanon, Catalpa de VAm&rique, Fr. ; Trompe- tenbaum, Ger. ; Caialpa-boom^ Dutch. SolanacecE, I, ^ola'num Tourn. 663 The Nightshade. — Melon- gena Tourn. Inst., Pseiido- Cdpsicum Mcench Meth., Nyc- terium Vent. Jard. Malm., AquartiaiJacg.Amer.: MoreUe, Fr. ; Nachtschatten, Ger. ; So- lano ^ Ital. 1, Dulcamara X. - 664 S.scandens Neck. Gall. Bel., J)vlcama/ra fiexubsa Mcench Meth., S. scandens seu Dul- camara Tourn. Inst., Am&ra dUlcis Gerard Emac, DUlcis amdra Trag., Glyc^picros seu Dulcamdra Bauh. Hist- : la XXXVlll CONTENTS. MoreUe grzmpantet Regnault Eot. Icon. 1 violacea H. Eyst, 664 2 alba Lin. FL Suec. 664 S carnea Cels. Ups. 664 4 plena Tourn. Inst. 664 5 variegata Munt. 664 6 hirsiita Don's MiU.664: S. liitorMe Hort. 7 rupestris Schmidt 664 2. crlspum i2. ^ S, 66-i 11. Xy'cium L. r 665 The Box Thorn. — Jasmi- nbides Niss. in Act. Gall. : Ma~ trhnont/ ViTie, Amer. ; Lycien, Fr. ; Rocksdom, Ger. ; Licio^ Ital. 1. europEe^um L. - 663 L. salicifdli'um Mill. Diet., Jasminotdes aculedtum Mich. : Hpino santo, Spina di Crista, Ital. Varieties. — Fruit yellow, Fruit roundish - - 666 2. (e.) barbarum L. G^Q L. halimifdlmm Mill. Diet., L. barbarum « vulad.re Ait. Hort. Kew. : iAe Duke of Ar- gyWs Tea Tree. 3. (e.) chinense M. 666 L. barbarum jS chinense Ait. Hort. Kew., L. barbarum Lour. Coch. ?, L. ovdtum N. Du Ham. 4. (e.) Trewidnum 667 L. barbarum Lam. Diet., L. c/tiJiinse N. Du Ham. 5. (e.) ruthenicum 667 L. tataricum Tail. Fl. Ross. : Lycien de la liussie, Fr. '2 caspicum Fall. 667 6. (e.) lanceolatLim 668 L. europ^s^um /3 Dec, FI. Fr. 7. (?e.) tui-binatum 668 L. halimifdlium Mill. Diet.?, L. barbarum /3 Dec. Fl. Fr. 8. afrum L. - 668 2 rigidum - 668 L. rigidum Booth. Other Species of hycium. — L. ovittum, L. spatulcLtum, and L. obovatum - - ggg III. Crabo''wsk/^ Schl. 'Lyciumsp.lAi].., Ehretia, sp. L'Herit. 1. boerhaavicefdlia S. 669 Ijpcium boerliaavisef^bimm Lin. SuppL, Ekret'm halimt- fblia L'Herit. Stirp., hycium heterophOUum Murr. Comm. Gott.. Jasjninoides spinbsum Du Ham. Arb. : Lycium pa- nicuU, Fr. * ScrophularidcecB, I. Bu'ddle^ L. - 670 I. globosa L. - - 670 BMdlea. globifibra N. Du Ham. ; B. capitdta Jacq. Col., Icon. Rar.; Pdlquin, Feuillee It. : Buddleia glvbuleux, Fr. ; Kopftragende Bvdleje, Ger. II. PauloVni^ Sieb. Bigndniat Thunb. Fl. Jap., mud. Sp. PL, Pers. Syn. ; /» carvillea. Sprertg. Syst. : Kirri^ Japanese ; Too, Hak-too, Chin, 1. imperialis Sieb. - 671 Signonia tomentdsa Thunh. Fl. Jap., Willd. Sp. PL. Pers. Syn. ; Incarvilles. toment'usa Spreng. Syst. Veg. : Kirn, Japauese, Kiempf. Araoen. Lahiacem. Phlo'mis fruticosa 672 Jerusalem Sage. i^osMARi'N US officinalis i. - - 672 i^AVA^NDULA iS'pica 672 The common Lavender. •Sa'lvia officinaliy Ft. 673 Yerbenacece, I. Fi^TEx L. - - 673 The Chaste Tree. — Gatilier, Fr. ; Kenschbaum, Ger. ; Vitice, Ital. 1. .^'gnus castus L. 673 'Eledgnwm Theopkrdsti Lob. Icon., A'gnus castus Blaekw., Tiper agrSstis Gerard : Arbre au Poivre sauvage, Fr. j Pepe di Monaci, Ital. 2 latifolia Mill. 674 2, (A.) incisa La7n. 674? V. Negdudo Bot. Mag. 3. arborea Rox. 674 Subdiv. 11. MONOCHLAMY'DE^; Ckenopodidcece, I. CHENOPO^DIUMiy.673 The Goosefoot.— Salshla sp. Lin. : Anserine, Fr. ; Gause Fuss, Ger. ; Ckenopodio, Ital. 1. fruticosum Schrad,Q15 Stoneerop Tree. — Satsbla fruticdsa Lin. Sp. PI. : The shi-ubby Glasswort : Soude en Arbre, Fr. ; strauchartiges Salzkraut, Ger. ; Sopravvivolo legnoso, Ital. 2. parvifolium iJ.4-5.675 C. fruticbhum Bieb. in Fl. Taur-Cauc, C. microphOllum Bieb in Suppl. to Fl. Taur.- Cauc., Salsbla fruticbsa Bieb. Casp., Suaeda microphyUa Pall. Illust. II. ^'TRIPLEX L. 676 The Orache. — Arroche, Er. ; Melde, Ger. ; Atriplice, Ital. 1. ffiUnms L. ^670 The Tree Purslane.— Hai;- mus lati^blius sive fruticdsus Bauh. Pin. ; Hdlimus i. Clus. Hist. : the broad-leaved Sea Purslane Tree : Arroche, Fr. ; sirauchartige Melde, Ger. 2. ^ortulacoides L. 676 The Sea Purslane. — 'Bdlimus secHndus Ckis. Hist., H. vuZ- gdris Ger. Emae., Hdlimus seu Portuldca marlnn Bauh. Pin. A'triplex marUiTna, Ha- limus et Vortuldco marina dicta angustifblia Raii Syn. : the narrow-leaved Sea Purslane Tree. III. Dio Tis Schreh. 677 Ceratbides Tourn., A'xyris Lin., Ceratosp&rmum Pers. I. Ceratoides W. - 677 A'xyris Ceratbides Lin. Sp. PI., Ceratosptirmum. pappbsum, Pers., A'xyris fruticbsa Ji6ri~ bus fmmineu landtis Grael. Sib., Achyrdnthes pappbsa Forsk. Descr., Krascheninni- kbvis. Guldenst. in Act.Petrop., Vrtzca fbliis lanceoldtis fosmi- nznis hirsiitis Roy. Lugdb. \ Ceratbides orientdlis fruticdsa Eltedgni fblio Tourn. Cor. : Orientalisches Doppelohr, Ger. Volygondcece, 1. Tragopy^um Bleb, The Goat-Wheat Polygo- num Lin. Hort. Ups, 1. lanceolatum^i>6. 678 TolJ/gonum frui&scens Willd. Sp. Pi., strauchartiger Kno- ierigj Ger. 2. Suxifolium Bieb. 678 ^Polygonum crispulum var. a. Sim^ Bot. Mag. j P. caucdsicum Hoflrm. 3. poljgamum Spr, 679 Tol^gonum polygamumVent. Oels., P. parvifblium Nutt. Gen. Other Species of Tragopyrum — r. raaritima . . ^79 CONTENTS. XXXIX IL ^TRAPHA'xiai. 679 A'triplex Tourn. : Strattch- vielde^ Ger. 1. spinosa L. - 680 A'tripiex orientalis, fr^tex aciUedtuSi fibre pii/c/jro.Touru. Cor. 2. undulata L. - 680 III. Calu'gonumX.680 Paiidsiai L., Pierocdccus Pall. 1, Pallasii L'Herit. 680 Pierocdccus aphyllus Pall. A^oj., Caliigomtm poljfgonoides Fall. Itin., PaUiisi& cdsptca Lin fil. Suppl., Palldsia. Fte- rocScciiS Pail. fil. Ross. : Cas- pischer HackenknopJ\ Ger. luauracecE, 1. Xal'rus L, - 681 The Laurel, or Bay Tree. — Sassafras and BenzSin C. G. Von Esenbeck : DnpAn^, Greekj LaurieTi Fr. ; Lorbeer, Ger. A. Leaves evei-green. 1. nobilis L, - - 681 The Sweet Bay. — 'LaHrtts Camer.,Tour.,Dodon.,Ray ; L. vtUgdris Bauh. Pin. : Laurier coTninun, Laurier franc,- Lau- rier ^ApoUon, Laurier a Sauce, Fr. ; getneine Lorbeer, Ger. ; 4Uoro, Ital. 2 undulata Mill. 682 3 salicifolia Swt. - 682 L. n, angustijblia Led. 4 variegata Swt. - 682 Jj. n.fdl. var. Lodd. Cat. 5 latifolia MiU. - 682 6 crispa Lodd. Cat. 682 7 flore pleno 682 2. carolinensis Cates. 683 The Red Bay. — L. Borbhnia. Lin. Sp., L. axiUdris Lam., Borbdnia sp. Plum. Geo., PSr- sta Sorbdnia. Spreng. : the broad -leaved Carolina Bay : Laurier rouge, Laurier Bour- bon, Laurier de Caroline, Fr. ; Caroliniscker Lorbeer^ rather Lorbeer, Ger, 2 glabra Pursh - 683 3 pubescens Pursh 683 4 obtusa Pursh 683 3. CatesbiaVa Mx. 683 L. tESiiv&lis Lin. Spec, L. enirvis Mill. Diet., L. .Ezf^«- mzM astivdlis Nutt. Gen. : Pond Bush, Amer, ; Sommer Lorbeer^ Ger. B. Leaves deciduous. 4. Sassafras L. - 683 Co^'wtt* TTifl* odordta, folia trifldo, margine pleno. Sassa- fras dicta, Pluk. Aim.; Sas- safras arbor, ex Florida, ficul- neo folio, Bauh. Pin.; SSsaafras sp. C. G. Nees Von Esenbeck, P^rjfflS&ssafrasSprejw. : Lau- riei' Sassafras, Fr. ; Sassqfras Lorbeer, Ger. ; SassqfrassOj Ital. 5. Benzoin L. - - 685 The BenjaminTree.— ^4V6or virginidna citreee vel Umonii foUo, benzoinum fundens, Comm. Hort. ; "La^rv^ asti- vdlis Wangh. Amer., Ijaiirus Pse&do-H&azhm Miehaux PL Bor. Amer., Euosmus Benzbin Nutt. Gen., Benzbin sp. C. G. Nees Von Esenbeck : Spice Bu&h, Spice Hood, or wild Allspice, Amer. ; Laurier faux Benzoin, Fr. ; Benzoin Lorbeer, Ger. * 6. (5.) Z)iospjrusP. 683 L. Eudsmus "Diospyj-us Nutt. Gen., L. diospyroides Mx. Fl. Bor. Amer., r L. melissi^lia Walt. Car. 7. geniculata Ma; 685 L. Eudsmus geniculdta Nutt. Gen., L. cestivdlis Willd. Sp. PI. ^hymeldcem, I. Da'phne i. - 686 ThymeUs^a Tourn. Inst., Gxrtn. : Daphne, Fr. ; Seidel- bast, Ger. ; Dafne, Ital. A. Leaves deciduous. 1. Mezereum L. - 687 The common Mezereon. — Spurge Olive, Spurge Flax, Flowering Spurge, Parkinson ; Dwarf Bay, Gerard: Lauriole femelle, Bois gentil, Mezireon, Boisjoli, Fr. ; gemeiner Seidell bast, or Kellerbalx, Ger. ; Pe- perachtige Daphne, Dutch ; Laureola femina, Biondella, Camelia, Ital. ; Laureola hem- bra. Span. 2 flore albo - ■ 687 3 autumnale 687 2. altaica Pall. - 687 Daphne altaique^ Lauriole de Tartaric, Fr. ; Sibiriscker Seidclbast, Ger. 3. alpina L. - - 688 The Alpine Chamelea Marsh. Plant. : Daphne des Alpes, Fr. ; Alpen Seidelbast, Ger. ; Olivella, Ital. B. Erect. Leaves persistent. Flowers lateral. 4. Laureola L. - 688 The Spurge Laurel.— DapAw Twldes verum vel Laureola Gesn. ; Laureola Rail Syn,, Ger. Em. ; Thymelafa Lau- reola Scop. Cam.: the ever' green Daphne : LourSole male, jLaureole des Anglais, Fr. ; im- mergriiner Seidelbast, Ger. ; Cavolo di Lupo, Ital. 5. pontica L. - 688 Thymelee^a p6ntica, citrei foliis, Tourn. Itin, : LaurSole b 4 du Levant, Fr. ; Pontischer Set- delbast, Ger. 2 riibra Hort. - 689 3 foliis variegatis L. 689 6. ThymelEe'a VahL 689 ThymeUe'a foliis polygalce glabris Bauh. Pin.; T. alp'ma gldbra, fiosculis subluteis ad foliorum ortumsessilibus, Pluk. Aim. ; Sanam-Unda viridis vel gldbra Bauh. Prod. ; Sana. rnHnda gldbra Bauh. Hist, j Passertna ThymeUe^a Dec. : the Wild Olive : la Thymelie, Fr. J astloser Seidelbast, Ger. 7. Tdrton-raira L - 689 Thymel^'a foliis candicanti- bus et serici instar 7nollibus Bauh. Pin. ; Tarton-Raire Gallo-provinciee Monspclien- sium Lob. Ic, SanamUnda ar- gentdta laiifblia Barr. Ic, Passerina T&rton-raira Schrd.: the oval-leaved Daphne : Lau. riole blanche, Fr. ; Silberblat- triger Seidelbast, Ger. 8. (? T.) pubescens 689 Thymelai^a italica, Tarton- raire Gallo-provincicB similis, sed per oinnia major, Micheli : Behaarter Seidelbast, Ger. 9. (? T.) tonienidsa 690 Passerina viUbsa Lin. : Lau- rSole cotonneuse Lam. Encyc. C. Erect. Leaves persistent. Flowers terminal. 10. collina Smith 690 The Neapolitan Mezereon. — D. collina «. Bot. Reg.: ? D. buxifdlia Vahl Symb. ; Da- phni des Collmes, Laureole d Feuilles de Sant6, Fr. ; iiStumpf- blattriger Seidelbast, Ger. 2 neapolitana L. - 690 jy . neapolitdna Led. Bot. 11. (c.)oleoides - 690 Cha?na:daphnoides erotica Alpin. Exot., Thymelee'^a ci-i. tica oleee folio utriusgue glabra Tourn. Cor. ; Daphne salici- >fdlia Lam. Encycl.: Laureole d Feuilles d'Olivier, Fr.; Oel- baumbldttriger Seidelbast, Ger. 12. (c.)sericeaFffA/691 ThymeUe^a crSlica oleee folio subius villosa Tourn. . Cor., Daphne oleafblia Lam. Encyc. : Seidenartiger Seidelbast, Ger. 13. striata Trat. - 691 D. Erect. Leaves persistent. Flowers in Racemes. 14. G^nidiumX. - 691 ThymeleB^a foliis lint Bauh. Pin. : Spurge Flax, Mountain Widow Wayle : Daphni Gni- dium, Lauriole d Panicule, Fr. ; liispenblattriger Seidel- bast, Ger.j Camelea,\taX. E. Prostrate. Leaves persist- ent. Flowers terminal, ag- gregate. 15. CneoruQi L. - 691 Cncbrum Matth. Hist, Clus. xl CONTENTS. Hist.: ThymUie des Alpes,YT.\ Wohlriechender Seidelbast, Ger. 2 foliis variegatis 692 3 flore albo 692 II. Di'RCA L, - 692 Leather-wood. — 'VhymelcB^a Gron. Virg. I. palustris L. - 692 Moor-wood : Bois de Cuir, Bois de Plomb, Fr. ; Sump/ Le~ derholZt Ger. Santalaceee. . I. Ny'ss^ L. -'693 The Tupelo Tree.. 1. biflora Michx, - 693 N. aqu&tica Lin. Sp. PI. ; N. carolinidna \j., N. integri- fblia Ait. Hort. Kew., N. pe- dUnculis uniflbris Gron. Virg. : Mountain Tupelo Mart. Mill. : Gum. Tree, Sour Gum Tree, Peperhige, Amer. 2. (b.) villosa ilf^-. 694 N, sylvaticaiTAichif.. N. Amer. SyL, N. multifibra Wangenh. Amer., N. montdna Hort., N. ped&nciilis uniflbris Gron. Virg,: Sour Gum Tree, Black Gum, Yellow Gum, Amer. ; Haariger Tulpelobaum, Ger. 3. (b.) candicans M.694^ The Ogechee Lime Tree. — N. capildta Walt., Ait., Michx. ; N. coccinea Bartram : Sour Tupelo Tree, Wild Lime : weiss- licher Tulpelobaum, Ger. 4. (b.)grandidentata694- The Large Tupelo Tree. — N. tomentbsa and N. angull~ %ans Mich. Fl. Bor. Amer., N. denticuldta Ait. Hort. Kew., N. angulbsa Poir., N. unijibra "Wangenh. Amer. : Wild Olive, Amer. ; Virginian Water Tu- pelo, Mart. Will. XL Osy'ris L. - 695 The Poet's Cassia Ccisia Camer.,"Lob., Alpin., Gesn. l.albaX. - 693 O. fbliis lineAribus acittis Lcefl. It., O. fruthcens bac- cifera Bauh. Pin., Cdsia po- etica Monspeliensium Cam. Bpit, C^sia Latinbrum Alp. ^xot., Cdsia Monspelii dicta' Gesn, Epit. : weisse Osyris, Ger. ^Iceagnacece, I. ^LiEA'GNus Tour. 696 The Oleaster, or Wild Olive Tree. — Chalef, Fr. ; Wilde Oel- baum, Ger. ; Eleagno, Ital. \. hortensis Bieb. - 696 E. angustifblia L., Willd. Sp. PL; E. songarica Fisch., B. inermis Mill, Diet., E, arg6n- /f z« Moench Meth., E orient^lis Delisle, ? E. argintea Wats. Dend. Brit. : Jerusalem Wil- low : Olivier de Boheme, Chalef i Feuilles Hroites, Fr. ; schmaL blattri^er Oleaster, Ger. ; AU hero dt Paradise, Ital. 1 angustifolia Bieb. 697 E. angustifblia L. 2 dactyUformis - 697 3 orientalis - - 697 E. oricnt&lis L. 4 spinosa - - 697 E- spinbsa L. 2. argentea Ph. - 697 Missouri Silver Tree, U. S. of North America. Other Species of Eliedgnus. — E, saliciftMia ?Z>. Don, E. conftrta Hurt. - - 697 II. jyippo'PHAE L. 698 The Sea Buckthorn, or Sal- lowthorn. — Rhamnoides Tour. : Argoussier, Fr, ; Haffdorn, or Sanddorn, Ger. ; Ippofae, Ital. ; Espino amai'illOf Span. 1. Rhamnoides X. - 698 Rhamnoides fturifera sdlicis fblio Tourn. Cor., Rhamnoides fructifera Raii Syn. : ArgOJis- sier faux Nerprun, Fr. ; Wei- denblattriger Sanddorn, Ger. ; Arve, or Saule ipineux, in the Alps of Switzerland. 2 angustifolia Lod. 698 3 sibirLca - - 699 H. sibirica Lodd. Cat. 2. ^alicjfolia JD. Don 699 H. confirtaWaW. in MSS. of the Cata). of the Linn. Soc. Indian Herb., Royle's lUust. III. Shephe'rd/./4 Mitt HippSphae L. 1. argentea JSTutt. - 700 Hippdphae argentea Pursh Sept. : Missouri Silver Leaf, and Buffalo Berry Tree, Amer. ; Rabbit Berry, and Beef Suet Tree, Amer. Indians ; Graise deBvffle, or Buffalo Fat, French traders. 2. canadensis Nutt. 700 HippSphae canadensis Lin. Sp. PI, Willd. Sp. PI., Pursh Sept. Aristolochiacece. I. //RISTOLO^CHIAi.701 The Birthwort — Aristoloche, Fr. ; Osterluzey, Ger. 1. sipho V Herit. - 701 A.macroph^llaljam.'Encyc.: Aristoloche Syphon, Fr. ; gross~ blaitrige Osterluzey, Ger. ; Pipe Vine, ov Birthwort, Amer. ; Sifo and Pipa, Ital. 2 (s.) tomentosa S. 702 I. STiLLi'NGr.4Gard.702 I. /igustrina Willd. - 702 II. ^u'xus L. - 703 The Box Tree. — Buis, Fr. : ' Buxbaum, Buchsbaum^ Ger- ; Bossolo, Ital. 1. sempervirens L. 703 BUxus Raii Syn. : Buis com- mun, Bois bini, Fr, ; Buchs- baum, Ger. ; Bossolo, Ital. 1 arbor^scens Mill. 703 Buis ai-borescent, Fr. Hochst'dmmige Buchs- baum, Ger. Subvars argentea Hort., adrea Hort., marglnMa Hort. - - - 703 2 angustifolia Mill. 703 Suhvar varieg^ta H. 703 3 suffruticosa Mill. 704 B. hitmilts Dod. Pempt. B. s. ndna N. Du Ham. Buis nain, Buis a Bor- dures, Buis d^ArtoiSy Buis d'Hollande, petit Buis, Fr. Zwerck Buchsbaum, Ger. 4 Twyrtifolia Lam. 704 2. balearica fVilld. - 704 B. s. var. gigantea N. Du Ham. : Minorca Box : Buis de Minorque, Buis de Mahon, Fr. ; Balearischer Buchsbaum,, Ger. ; Bossolo gentile, Ital. Artocdrpece, I. ikfo^RUS Tourn. - 703 The Mulberry Tree. — Mft- rier, Fr. ; Maulbeere, Ger. ; Mora, Ital. 1. nigra Poir. - - 706 The common Mulberry — M5r«s Dod. Pempt., M.fr'&ctu nigro Bauh. Pin, 2 laeiniata Mill. D. 706 2. alba L, - - 707 M . Candida Dod. Pempt. , M. frUctualbo Bauh. Pin. ;.M. albafructu m.inori albo insulso Du Ham. Arb. 2 multicaulis Per. 707 M. tatdrica Desf. M. bulldia Balbis. Chinese Black Mulberry. Perrottet Mulberry. Many-stalked Mulberry. M&rier Perrottet, Mu- rier 5 Tiges nom- breuses, M&rier des Philippines, Fr. Morodelle Filippine, Mb\. 3 Morettiana Hor. 707 Dandolo's Mulherry. 4 macrophylla L. 707 M. ee. latijblia Hort. M. hispanica Hort. M&rier d'Espagne, Feuille d'Espagne, Fr. 5 romana Lod. C, 707 M. OS. ovalifblia. M&rier romain, Fr, 6 nervosa Lod. C. 707 1^1. nervdsa Bon Jard. M. subdlba nervdsa Hor. 7 italica Hort. - 708 M. italica Lod. Cat. 1836. 8 rosea Hort. - - 708 S7fiall whiie Mulberry. M&rier rose, Feuille ros& Fr CONTENTS. xli 9 columbAssa L. - 708 Colujnba, Fr. 10 membranaceai. 708 M&riej'cl Feuille de Par- cheim'n, Fr. H sinensis Ilort 708 M. sinensis Hort. M. chinSnsis Lod. Cat. The Chinese Mulberry . 13 pumila Nois. ? - 708 M. (X. ndnaHort. Brit. Other Varieties - 708 3. (a.) tatarica Pali, 709 "i. rubra L. - - 709 M. virginica Fluk. Aim., M. pennsylvdnica Nois. Arb. Fruit, 2 scabra - - 710 M. scdbra Willd, Nutt. M. canadSnsis Poir. II. BROussoNE'T/^Vent. Mdn« 5e6a Kesmjif., Lin. ; Vap^rus Encyc. Bot., Lam. 111. Gen. 1. papyrifera Vent. - 710 The Paper Mulberry. — Md- rus papyrifera Lin. Sp. PI. 2 cucullata - 710 B, cuculldta Bon Jard. B. spatuldta Hort. Brit. J7. naviculdris Lodd. Cat. 3 fructu^lbo 711 III. MACLU'R-4Nutt. 711 Toxylon Rafinesque in 1837. 1. aurantiaca Nutt. 711 The Osage Orange. — Boio- woodf Yellow-woodt N. Amer. IV. i^i'cus Tourn,- 712 The Fig Tree. —Pieuier, Fr.; Peigenbau^n, Gar. ; Pico^ Ital. 1. CaricaL. - - 712 F. cojnmjinis Bauh. Pin., F. kitmilisanAF. sylvestris Tourn. Inst. : Figuier commun, Fr. ; gememe Feigejibaum, Ger. Varieties - - 712 V. Bo'ry^ W. - 713 AdiUa Michx. FL Bor. Am., Bigeldvi^ Smith in Bees'e Cycl. Addenda. 1. %ustrina W. - 713 Adilia Ugistrina Michx. Fl. Bor. Am., Bigelhvia Mglistrina Smitti in Rees's Cyclop. Add. 2. (?/.) acuminata - 714 Adelia acumin&ta Mx. Fl. Bor. Amer. jBigeldvia acumindta Smith in Rees's Cyclop. Add. 3. (I.) porulosa W. - 714 Adelia pomldsa Mx. Fl. Bor. Amer., Bigelbvia poruidaa Smith in Rees's Cyclop. Add. = B. ovctta Lodd. Cat. 1836. JJlmdcecB I. C/'LMUS L. - 715 TheElm. — Orww, Fr.j Ulm, or Blister, Ger.; Olmo, Ital. 1. campestris L. - 715 yi'lmus AHm'a Pliny Nat. Hist.; U. minor, folio angusto scabro, Ger. Emac. : Olmo py- ramidale, Fr. Varieties. A. Timber Trees. 1 vulgaris - - 716 U. campSstris Hort.Dur. alatifoha Hort. - 716 3 41ba Masters 716 4 acutifolia Masters 716 5 strict^ Hort. Dur. 716 TTie red English Elm. 6 virens Hort. Dur. 716 The Kidbrook Elm. 7 cornubiensis JSn-t. 716 U. strlcta, Lindl., Lod. The Cornish Elm. 8 sarniensis - 716 U. sami&tisis Lodd. Cat. The Jersey Elm. 9 tortuosa - - 716 U. tortubsa Lod. Cat. f Orme tortillard, Fr. u'isted Elm. B . Ornamental or curious. 10 foliis variegatis - 716 11 ietulffifolia - 717 U. betultejdlia Lod. Cat. 12 viminalis H. D. - 717 U. vimindlis Lodd. Cat. 13 parvifolia - 717 U. parvifdlia Jac. Scboen. U. microphi/lla Pers. U. piimila vnr.fi (transbai- calSnsis) Fall. Ross. U. piimila Willd. Sp. PI. U. pixmila fdliis pdrvis, &c. U. hiimiUs Enum. Stirp. Ruth. 14 planifolia 717 U. planijtlia Hort. 15 chin^nsis - 717 U. chinimis Pers. Thi de I'Abbd Gallois ; Orme nain, Fr. 16 cucullata Hort. 717 1 7 conoavsefolia /T. 717 18 foliis aiireis Hort. 717 19 nana Hort. Ill Other Varieties - 717 2. (c.) suberdsa M. 718 U. campestris Woodv. Med. Bot. ; U- campistris and Theo- phrdsti Du Ham. Arb., U. vul- eatissima, folio lato scabra Ger. £mac. ; V.mont&na Cam.Epit.: common Elm Tree, Hunter's Evel.Syl.: I'Orme Liige, I'Orme ftaigeux, Fr. ^ 1 vulgaris - - 718 U. suberdsa Hort. Dur. The Dutch cork-barked Elm. 2 foliis variegatis 718 U. suberdsa varieg&ta Ht. Dur. 3 alba - - 719 U. suberbsa alba Masters. 4 erfcta Lodd. Cat. 712 5 The broad-lvd Hert- fords.Elni, Woodl\9 6 Tiie narrow -Ivd Hert- fords.Elm, Wood 719 3. (c.) major AniVA 719 U. holldndica Mill. Diet. ; U. mdjor holldndica, &c., Pluk. Aim.; U. mdjor, ampliore folio, &c., Du Ham. Arb.; Ttlia rr.ds Matth. Valgr., Vlmus latifUia Michx. N. Amer. Syl. 4. efFiisa Willd. -719 U. ciliita Ehrh. Arb., V.pe- dunculdta Lam. Diet., U. oc- tdndra Schk. Bot. Handb.; U. folio latissimo, Sfc, Busb. Hal.; U. Wvis Pal. Ross. : I'Orme pSdoncul^, Fr. 5. montana Saak. - 720 The Scotch or WychElm U. glabra Huds., U. lafftsa Sibth., U. scabra Mill. Diet., U niida Ehrh., U. campestris Willd. Sp. Pi., U. campSstris latifbliallon. Par.: WychHaxel of old authors. Varietjcs. A. Timber Trees. 1 vulgaris - - 720 2 rugosa Masters 720 U. rugdsa Lodd. Cat. 3 major Masters 720 4 minor Masters - 720 5 cebenn^nsis Hort. 720 The Cevennes Elm. 6 nigra - - 720 U. nigra Lodd. Cat. The black Irish Elm. 7 australis Hort. 720 B. Ornamental or curious. 8 pendula - - 721 V. pendula Lodd. Cat. V.eldbra dedtmbensHort. Dur. U. horizontdlis Hort. U. riibra Hort. Soc. Gard. 9 fastigiata Hort. 721 U. gldbra replicdta Hort. Dur. V.FOrdilHort. U. exoni^nsis Hort. Exeter Elm, Ford'sElm. 10 crispa - - 721 ? U. crispa Willd. The curled-leaved Elm. Other Varieties - 721 6. (m.) glabra Mill. 722 U. montina Fl. Br.,.y. fblio eldbro Ger. Emac, VC campestris var. 3. With. : the feathered Elm. Varieties. A. Timber Trees. 1 vulgaris - 723 The common smooth-leaved Elm. 2 v^geta - 723 U. montana v4geta Hort. Soc. Gard. U. americdna Masters. The Huntingdon Elm, the ChichesterElm, the Ame- rican Elm, and perhaps the Scampston Elm. 3 var. - - 723 The Scampston Elm. xlii CONTENTS. 4 major - . - 723 U. glabra m&jor Hort. Due. Tlie Canterbury Seedling. 5 glandulosa Lindl. 723 6 latifolia Lindl. 723 7 miorophylla Hort. 723 U. ^. parvijolia. B. Ornamental or curious. 8 pendula - 723 U. canipestrispin. Hort. TAe Downton Elm, 9 variegata iJbrt. 723 10 ramulosa Booth 723 7. alba Kit. - - 12'6 8. americana L. - 723 TAe white Elm, Amer. : the Canadian Elm, the American white Elm. 1 rubra Ait. H. K. 724 2 alba Ait. Hort. K. 724 ? U. moUi/blia R. & S. 3 pendula Pursh S. 724 4 incisa Hort. - 724 5 foliis variegatis H. 724 9. (a.) fulva Mic/ix. 724 The slippery Elm — U. ritbra Mx. Arb. : Orme gras, Fr. : red Elm, red-wooded Elm, Moose Elm. 10 alata Mx. - - 725 U. phmita Walt. FI. Carol. : the Wakoo of the North Ame- rican Indians. II. Pla'ner^ Gmel. 723 R/idvmus Pall.i Giildenst. ; Vhnufi various authors, as to the Planera. Richardi. 1. Richardz Mx. - 726 The Zelkoua Tree. —P. cre- ndta Mx. Mem. sur le Zelkoua, P. carpinifblia Wats. Dend. Brit., P. crendta Desf., B./idm- nitscarpmifdliusF3.l\.i''l.'Ross., R. ulmdides Giildens. Tt., VI- mus crenhta Hort. Par., U. parvifblia Willd. Baum., U. campestris Walt. FL Car., U. pol^gama Richard Act. Paris, U. nemordlis Ait. Hort. Kew. ; U. fbliis cren&tis bdsi tsquati- bziS, fructu ovoideo twti com- presso, Poiret Encyc. Meth. : le Zelkoua, or Orme de Siberie, Fr. ; Richard's Palnere^ Ger. 2. Gmelim Mx. - 726 P. \xbnifblia Mx. Arb. Amer., P. aquatica Willd. Sp. PL, An6nymus aqudticus arbor, &c. Walt. Carol. III. Ce'ltis Tourn. 727 The Nettle Tree. — Ld/«j of Lobel and other authors : Mi- cocoulier, Fr. ; ZUngeWaum, Get. ; Celto, Ital. 1. australis L. • - 727 Ijdius arbor Lob. Ic, Ijbtus give cutis Cam. Epit. : Lote Tree: Micocoulier austral, Mi- cocoulier de Provence, Pahre- coulier, Fabrecoulier dee Pro- vengaitx (N. Dq Ham.), Fr,; Arcidiavolo, Ital. Variety - - - 728 2. Ca.) caucasica W. 728 3. Tournefortii Lam. 728 C. oiienthlis minor, foliis mi- noribizs et crassiorib us, fructu Jlavo, Tourn. Cor. ; C. orien- tdlis Mill. Diet., but, according to N. Du Ham., not of Lin. : Micocoulier du Levant, Mico- coulier d' Orient, Fr. ; Morgen- ^andischer ZUngelbaum, Ger. 4. (T,) sinensis Pers. 7 29 5. WiMenovidna S. 729 C. sin^sis Willd. Enu. Sup., Willd. Baum. 6. occidentalis L. - 729 The North American Nettle Tree. — C. frdctu obscUro pur- purascSnte Tourn. Inst., C. obliqua Mcench ; Nettle Tree, Sugar Berry, Amer. ; Bois in- connu, Illinois ; Micocoulier de Virginie, Fr. 2 cordata Willd. ■ 729 3 scabriuBCula. Willd. 7 29 C. austrdlis Willd. Arb. C. .?o./3 tennifblia Pers. C. dspei-a Lodd. Cat. C. orientals Hort. 7. crassifolia Lam. - 730 The Hackberry. — C. cordi- fdlia L'Herit. Hort. Par., C. cordata Desfont. : Haeberry, or Hoop Ask, Amer. ; Micocoulier d Feuiltes en Cosur, Fr, 8. laevigata Willd. - 730 9. pumila Pk - 731 Other Species of Cdlfis. — C. ori- entalis L. - - 731 Juglandacece, I. JU^GLANS L. - 732 The Walnut Tree. ~~Noyer, Fr. ; Walnuts, Ger. ; Noce, Ital. 1. regia L. - - 732 "N&x Siiglans Dod. Pempt. ; l^Hx 3iiglans, seu regia vulgd- ris, Baiih. Pin. : Noye?- com- mun, Fr, ; Noseguier, Provence; gemeine Walnuss, Ger. 2 maxima - - 733 Niii Jhglans frUctu mdx- imo Bauh. Pin. Noix de Jauge, Bon Jard. Clawnut in Kent ; Ban- nut in Warwickshire. 3 tenera - 733 ^■&x JiiglansfrHctu tenera et fragile putdmine Bauh. Pin. "Nayer h Coque tcndre, Noyer MSsange Bon Jard. 1. c. ; Noyer de Mars in Dauphine. The thin-shelled, or Tit- mouse, Walnut. 4 serotina Desf. - 733 N'fia; JiiglaTis frUctu ser6- tino Bauh. Pin. Noyer tardif, Noyer de la Saint Jean, Bon Jard. 1836, Noyer de Mai in Dauphin^. 5 laciniata - - 733 max SUglans foiiis laci. ni^tis Reneaulm. Solans heterophulla Ht. J. iilicifdlia Lodd. Cat. The Fern-leaved Walnut Tree. Other Varieties - 733 2. nigra L, - 734 The black Walnut, the black Hickory Nut, N. Amer. ; Noyer noir, Fr. ,• Noce nera, Ital. Varieties - - 73ft 3. cinerea L. - - 735 The Butter-nut J. cathdr. tica N. Amer. Syl., J obl6nga Mill. Diet. : Oil-nut, White WaU nut, Amer. ; Noyei' cendre, Fr. ; graue Walnuss, Ger. II. Ca^rya Xiift - 735 The Hickory Tree. — J^ans sp. Lin., Willd., Michx. ; Hic6- rius Itqfinesque : Hickory Amer. 1. olivajformis 2^utt. 736 The Pacane-nut Hickory. — Jilglans rUbra Gaertn. Sem. ; J. cylmdrica Lam. Encycl., N. Du Ham. ; J. P^can Muhlenb. ; 3 . angustifblia Mt. Hort. Kew.; J. olivcefdrmis Mx. "Fl. Bor. Amer. ; Pecan-nut, Illinois- nut, Amer. ; Pecanier,Pacanus, Noyer PBcaniert Fr. 2. amara Niitt. - 737 iiiglans amSra Mx. Arb.: Bitter-Tvut, White Hickory y Swamp Hickory, Amer. 3. aquatica Nutt, - 737 The Water Bitter-nut Hick- ory. — iuglans aqu tica Mx. 4. tomentosa Niitt, 738 The Mocker-nut Hickory. — Sitglans dlba Lin. Sp. PI., J. fl /6a Mill. Diet., J. tomentbsa Mx. Fl. Bor. Amer.: Whtte- heart Hickory, connnonHickory, Amer. ; Noyer dur, Illinois. 2 maxima Nutt. - 739 5. ^Iba Nutt. - 739 The Shell-bark Hickory.— Jiiglans dlba Mx . Fl . Bor. Amer., J. dlba ovdta Marsh. Arb., J. squambsa Mx. Arb., J. comprBssa Gffirtn. Sera. : Shag-bark Hickory, Scaly-bark Hickoi-y, Kisky Thmnas Nuty Amer. j Noyer tendre, Illinois. 6. sulcata Nutt. - 739 Jhglans lacinidsa Mx. Arb., J. mucrondta Mx. Fl. Bor. Amer., J. sulcdtn Willd, Arb. : thick Shell-bark . Hickory, Springfield Nut, Gloucester Nut, Amer. 7. porcina Nutt. - 740 Juglans porchia « obcorddta Mx. Arb. ; J. porcina var. with fruit round, and soynewhat rough, Mx. N. Amer. Sylv. ; J. obcorddta Muhlenb. : Pignut, Hog-nut, Brooin Hickory. 2 glabra - - 741 Juglans porcina f. fdrmis Mx. Arb. 3. glabra Miihi. Uci' CONTENTS. xliii 8. niyristica3f6rmisiV. 741 The Nutmeg Hickory — Jh- glans myristic^drmis Michx. Arb. 9. microcarpa N'utt. 742 Other Species of Cdrt/a. — C. ambigua {Jiigtans ambigua Mx.), C. pubescens Link^ C. rlgida (J. rtgida Lodd. Cat.), C. integrifbUus Spreng,, Hi- cbrlus inlegj-ifblius Ralia. 427 III.Pteroca^rya Z^wn^A ihglans sp. Lin. 1. caucasica Kunth 743 Jitglans Pterocdrya Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer.j Mey. Verz. Pflauz. Cauc. ; "RhUs obscilrum Bieb. Fl. Taur. Caua j J. irax- inifdlia Lamond MS., N. Du Ham. ; Trdxinttslavigdta Hort. Par. SalicdcecB, I. 5a'lix i. - - 744 The Willow. — florafi, He- brew ; Itea, Gr. ; Salix, Latin ; Saule^ Fr. ; JVeide and Fetber, Ger. ; SaiiciOf Ital. ; Sauze, Spaa. ; IVt'de, Swed. ; IViige, Flem. ; Withig, Anglo-Sax. ; Willow, Wtthy, Sallow, Osier, English ; Saugh, Scotch. Group i. Purpurea Koch. OsierWillows, with one Stamen in a Flower. 1. purpurea i, - 746 S. purpurea Koch. Comm. Varieties - - - 747 2. helix L. - - 747 The Rose Willow.— S. pur- purea var. Koch Comm., ? S. oppositifblia Host Sal. Austr. 3. LambertiaKa Sm. 747 The Boyton Willow. — S. purp&rea /3 Koch Comm. 4. Wool^aridna Bor, 747 S. TTumandra Sal. Wob. No. 4., S. monandra var. Hoffm. Hist. SaL 3. ForbyaKfl Smith 748 The fine Basket Osier. — 5. fzssa Lin. Soc. Trans., not of Hoffi (Smith.') ; S. rUbra /S Koch Comm. 6. rubra Huds, - 748 S. liTiedris Walker's Essays. Group ii. AcutifdlicB Bor. {Syn. Pruinbsae KochJ) Willows with dark Bark, co- vered with a fine Bloom. 7. acutifolia Willd. - 748 S. violdcea Andr. Bot. Rep., but not of Willd., nor the S. caspica Hort {WiUd.) 8. rfaphndides Villars 749 S.pr^e^cox Hoppe in Sturm D. ri., S. bigSmmis Hoffm. Germ., S. cinerea Host Sal. Austr. 9. pomeranica Willd. 749 S. dap/moides Villars, var. with narrower leaves, and more slender catkins, Koch Comm. Group, iii. Triandm Bor. (_Syn. ^mygdolinse Koch.) 10. undulata Koch 749 S. lanceoluta Smith. 2 undulata Forbes 751 3 lanceolata Sm. 751 4 var. having catkins androgynous 75 1 11. Aippophaef61ia7\731 12. triandra L. - 731 S. nmygdalinoy part qf, Koch Comm. 2 gallica - 752 3 Hoppeawa - 752 S. andrdgyna Hoppe. 4 S. triandra undulata Mertensj ined. — Ap- proaches to S. amyg- ddlina. 13. Hoffmanmo/za S.752 S. triandra Hoff*., and ? of German botanists in general. 14. amygdalina L. 752 S. ajnygddlina, in part, Koch Conma. 13. Villarsicna Flug.732 S. triandra Villars Delph., S. a.mygddli7ia var. Koch Com. Group iv. Pentandras Bor. Trees having Flowers with 3-~5 Stamens. 16. pentandra L. - 734 S. pentandra, part qf, Koch Comm. : the Sweet Willow, the Bay-leaved Willow, 2 hermaphroditica 754 17. Meyerkna Willd. 754 S. cusptduta Schultz, 3. tinc- tdria Smith, S. pentdjidra /3 Linn., S. hexdndra Ehrh., S. EhrhartikuB. Smith, S. tetrdadra Willd. 18. lucida Muhlerih, 734 S. Forbesii Swt. Hort. Brit. ed. 1830. Group. V. Fragiles Borrer. Trees with their Twigs brittle at the Joints. 19. babylonica - - 737 The "V^eepiDg Willow. — S. propMdens Bering. Sal. Hel., S- ortentdlis, &c., Tourn. ; S. ardbica, Sfc., C. Bauh. : Saule pleurew. Parasol du grand Seigneur^ Fr. ; Trauer Weide, Thrdnen fVeide^ Ger. 1 vulgaris foem. JT. 758 2 Napoleona Hort. 758 3 crispa Hort. - 758 S . annularis Forb. in S.W. Tlte rin^-Uaved Willow. 20. decfpiens Hoffm. 738 The white Welsh, or var- nished, Willow. — S. amerma Walk. Essays on Nat. Hist., &. fragiles, part of, Koch Com. 21. montana Forbes 739 22. fragilis L. ~ - 759 The Crack Willow. —S./ra- gilis, in part, Koch Comm. 23. monspeliensis F. 760 24. Russelliawfl Sm. 760 The Duke of Bedford's Wil- low. — ? S. fragilis Woodv. : the Bishley, or Leicestershire, Willow J in some counties, the Huntingdon Willow: S. p^n~ dula Ser., S. viridis Fries, S. rilbens Schrank. 23. ^nrshidna Bor. 761 Group vi. A'lbts Borrer. Trees of the largest. Size, with the Foliage whitish. 26. albaX. - - 761 S. dlba, part qf, Koch Com.: the Huntingdon, or Swallow- tailed, Willow. 2 caeriilea - - 761 S. dlba var. Smith, Fl. B. S. cceiUlea Smith Eng.B. The upland, or red-tinged. Willow, Pontey The Leicester Willow, Davy's Agric. Chem. Blue Willow, Smith. 3 crispa ^or^. 761 4 rosea Lodd. Cat. 76 i 27. viteilina L. - 763 The Golden Osier— S. dlba Koch Comm. Group vii. Nigns. Extra-EuropeanKinds allied to the Kinds of one or all ol' the the three preceding Groups. 28. nigra M'uhl. - 768 The dark-branched American Willow. — S.carolim'dnaMx. Fl. Bor. Amer., S. pentdndra Walt, Fl. Car., S. vulgdris Clayt. Fl. Virg. 29. Ilnmboldti&na - 764 30. Bonplandifl/^a 764 Group viii. Prinuides B. Shrubs, mostly Natives of K. Amejica, and used in Basket- making. 31. rigida Miihl. - 764 32. ^rinbides Pursh 764 33. discolor Muhl. 764 34. angustataPwr^/i 764 33. condor mis Forbes 764 Group ix. GrisecB Borrer. Chiefly Shrubs, Natives of N. America. 36. virescens Forbes 765 S. hippophaefdlia Lodd. xliv CONTENTS. 37. reflexa Forbes IQo 38. virgata Forbes 765 39. Ljoni'i ? Schl. 763 40. HoustonioKiz P. 765 S. Iristis Lodd. Cat. 1836. -ILfalcataPuM - 765 4,2. grlsea Willd. - 765 43. petiplaris Smith 765 S. erisea Willd. vm\ ]3 sub- glabrata Koch Comm. 44. pennsylvanica i''.766 43. Miihlenbergmno 766 46. tristis Ait. - 766 47. coi-iMta. Muhlenb.lGQ Gr. X. 'KosmarinifdlicD Bor. Low Shrubs, with narrow- Leaves. 48. TOsmarinifolia i.766 Sal. tosmarinifbliaj part of, Koch Comm. 49. angustifolia Borr.lQQ S. arbHscuta Sm. Fl. Br., S. rosmarinifdtia a. Koch Comm, 50. decumbensi^oriCT766 5\. (ascata Pursh - 766 Group xi. FusccB Borrer. Mostly procumbent Shrubs. 52. fusca L. - 767 S. rcpens Hook. Fl. Scot. 5 S. repens Koch, part of, Koch Comm. 1 vulgaris - - 767 S. /. var.a. Hook. Br. Fl. S. fUsca Sm. Eng. Hot., Forbes iu Sal. Wob. S. repens Koch, /3 Koch Comm. 2 repens - - 767 S./. uar.^Hook. Br.Fl. S. repens Lin. Spec. PI., Forbes in Sal. Wob. 3 prostrata - 767 S./. var. y Hook. Br. Fl. S. prostrdta Sm. Eng. Bot.. Forbes in S.Wob 4 foe'tida - - 767 S./. var. 5 Hook. Br. Fl. S.fm'tida Sm. Eng. Fl 5 incubacea - 767 S. /. 5 Hook. Br. Fl S. incubUcea Lin. Sp. PI. Forbes in Sal. Wob. 6 argentea - - 767 S. /. 6 Hook. Br. Fl. S. argSntea Sm. Eng.Bot. Forbes in Sal. Wob. 53. Donidna Smith 768 The rusty-branched Willow. Group xii. Amhigua Bor. Shrubs. 54. ambigua Ehrh, 768 S. ambigua Koch, part of, Koch Com. 1 vulgaris 768 S. a. » Borrer in Eng. Bot. Suppl. 2 inajor - 768 S. a. 13 mdjor Borrer in Eng. Bot. Suppl. ? S. ambigua ^ nook. S . versifblia Spring. Saules de la Suisse. 3 spathulata - 768 S. a. y spathvildta Borrer in Eng. Bot. Suppl. S. ambigua y Hook. Br. Fl. S.spa/Aw/^toWind.Sp.PI. 4 undulata - 769 S. a. S undulata Borr. in Eng. Bot. S. spatkuldta Willd. var. undulata Mortens. 55, finmarchica W. 769 5Q, versicolor F. - 769 57. alaternoides F, 769 58. protets/o/ZflSch. 769" Erroneously referred to S. ambigua in Hook. Brit. Flor. ed. 2. (Borrer MSS.) Gr. xiii. RetieulatcB Bor. Leaves reticulated and coria- ceous. 59. reticulata L. - 769 Group xiv. GlauccE Bor. Small, upright, with soft silky Leaves. 60. el^eagnoidesiScA. 770 61. glauca/v. - 770 S. appendiculdta Fl. Dan., Willd. Sp. PI. 62. serfcea Villars 770 S. glaUca Koch Coram. 63. Lapponum L, 770 S. arenaria Fl. Dan. 64. obtusifoliaJTi/W. 77] 65. arenaria i. - 771 66. obovata Pursh 771 67. canescens Willd. 771 68. Stuartiama Sm. 771 69. pyrenaica Gou. 771 70. WaIdsteinraaW.771 Gr. XV. Vimindks Bor. Willows and Osiers. — Mostly Trees or large Shrubs, with long pliant Branches, used for Basl^et-making. 71. stibalpina jP. - 771 72. Candida Willd. 771 73. incana Schr. - 771 S. ripiria Willd. Sp. PI., S. \avanduksfilia Lapeyr. Ab., S. anffustijhlia Poir. in Du Ham. Art)., S. xosmarinifblia Gouan Hort., S. vimin&lis Viil. Delph. 74. linearis Forbes 772 ? S. iTic&na var. Imedris Bor- rer in a Letter. 75. viminalis L. - 772 The common Osier S. lon- gifiilia Lam. Fl. Fr. 76. stipularis 5»!2M 772 The auricled- leaved Osier. 77. SmithiffVoWilld. 772 78. mollissima ^/!r. 772 79. holosericea Hk. 772 80. MichehnnaForb. 772 81. ferruglnea v4«d. 773 82. acuminata Sm. T/S The large-leaved Sallow. — S. lanceolAta Seringe. Group xvi. Cinirece Bor. Sallows. — Trees and Shrubs, with roundish shaggy Leaves, and thick Catkins. ' 83. pallida Forbes 773 44. Willdenovfano 773 85. Pontederamo W. 773 S. piimila alpina nigricans, folio oleagino serrato Ponted. Comp. ; S. Pontederx Beltardi App. ad Fl. Fed. 86. macrostipulacea 77.S 87. incanescens ¥Sc. 773 88. pannosa Forbes 773 89. mutabilis Forbes 776 90. cinerea L. - 776 The grey Sallow. — S. cinerea var. Koch Comm. 91. aquaUca Smith 776 92. oleifolia Smith - 776 93. geminataForb. - 776 94. crlspa Forbes - 776 95. aurita L. - 776 96. latifolia Forbes 776 97. capreai. - 776 The great round-leaved SaU low, common Black Sallow, Saugh in Yorkshire, Grey Withy. 98. sphacelata Sm. Ill Gr. xvii. Nigrieantes B. Shrubs with long Branches, or small Trees. Mostly Sallows. 99. australis Forbes 778 100. vaudensis For. 778 101. grisophylla F. 778 102. lacustris Forb. 778 103. crassifolia Frb. 778 104. cotinifolia Sm. 778 The Quince-leaved Sallow. — S. spad'icea Villars Dauph., S . •ghylicifblia far. Koch Comm . *; 105. hlrta Smith - 778 f S.picla Schleicher is the fem. of S. Airta (Forbes in SaLWob.) 106. rivularis Forb. 778 107. atropurpurea 778 108. coriacea Forb^. 778 109. nigricans StoVI^ 778 S. fhylicifdlia fi Lin. Sp, PI. 110. Andersonzona 779 The Green Mountain Sallow. CONTENTS. xlv — S. itki/lic^ia var. Koch Comm. 111. damascena K 779 S. damasceaifdlia Anderson's MSS., S. fliylicijblia Lin. 112. Ansoniana F. 779 1 13. helvetica Forb. 779 114. firma i^ori« 779 115. carpinifoliaScA. 779 116. rotundata Frb. 779 ? S. roiuniijblia Host. 117. dura Forhes 779 1 1 8. Forsterionrt Sm.779 S. "pbylicifbtia var. Koch Comm. 119. riipestrisjDonn 781 120. tenuifoliai. 781 S. arbHscula Wahlenb., vai\ Koch Comm., S. ienuijblia of £ng. Bot. is S. bicolor Hook. Brit. Fl. 121. propfnquaSor. 781 The Jtai-leaved upright Mountain Willow. 122. ^etTS:3uAnder. 781 123. Aminann;an(7 782 124. atrovirensjFfJ. 782 125. strepida Fori. 782 126. sordida Forbes 782 127. Schleicheriana 782 128. grisonensis F. 782 Gr. xviii. Bicoldres Bor. Bushy Shrubs, with Leaves green above and glaucous beneath. 129. tenuior Borrer 782 130. laxifl6ra5o;TCT-782 131. /aurina Smith 783 The shining darlt-green Wil- low.— S. bicolor Sm. Eng. Bot., S. arbHscula Wahlenb., var. Koch Comm. 132. patens Forbes 783 133. radicans Smith 783 S. ^hylicifilia Lin. Fl. Lapp. 134. Borreriana Sm. 783 The dark upright JVillow. 135. Davalliona Sm. 783 136. t^trapla Smith 783 137. ramifuscai^'orA. 783 138. Vorhesiana - 783 139. Weigehana Bor. 783 S. Wul/eniiua. Smith Eng. Fl. 140. nitens Anders. 784 141. Crowett«a Smith784 S. arbHscula Wahlenb., var. Koch Comm.; S.hiimilis Schl, is cited in Sal.Wob. as the fern, of S. Crowekna. Smith ; ? S.he- teroph^lla Host. 142. bicolor Fhrh. 784 S. tenuifolia Smith Eng. Bot. as to the figure S. fiorib&nda Forb. 143.jDhillyreif61ia5.784 144. Dickson«2naSni.785 Gr. xix. \acciniifdli<\ \) Q. pandurataZ/wmft.^ JSow. 899 Q. repanda Humb. Sf Bon. 900 Q. ^aiirina Humb. & Bonpl. 9(iO Q. sider6xylaiyK7n&.^5DK. 900 ^. mexicJina/faw/fi.^ j&OM. 901 Q. crassipes Huinb. ^ Bon. 901 a. crassipes angustifolia //. 901 U. lanceoiata Humb. ^Bon. 901 Q. reticulata Humb. ^ Bon. 902 Q.. chrysoph^lla Hum. & B. 902 Q. pulcheUa Humb. &Bun. 902 a. spicata Humb. & Bon. 902 U. stipuliris Humb. S; Bon. 902 Q. crassif61ia Humb.i^ Bon. 903 Q., depressa Humb. ^ Boji. '903 a. arnbSgua Humb. ^ Bon. 903 Q. con!ertiib\iAHum.i^Bun. 904 f Q. tridens Humb. <§: Bon. 904 f2. acutifblia Willd.,H-S(B. 004 Q. elliptica Willd., Q. mucro- nStta Willd., Q. tomentbsa Willd., Q. circin^ta Willd., Q. splSndens Willd., Q. ru- gbsa Willd., Q. macrophjrlla Willd., a. diversifulia Willd., Q. candicans Willd., Q. mi- crophjlla Willd., Q. lobata Willd., Q. magaoMc^dlia Willd., a. liltea Willd., and Q. £aliciit>lia Willd., are de- scribed in our 1st ed. - 904 Q. lancifblja Chdm.etSchlec.UOi Q. peliolkris Benth. - -904 a. dysophjlla Benth. Plant. Hartweg., Q,. A'lamo Ibid., Q.. barbinfervis Ibid.. Q. gla- brescens Ibid., Q. Hartwfegj Ibid., and some others, have been discovered by Hartweg, who has sent home specimens of all, and acorns of some, to the Hort. Soc. - - 904 ir. i^A^GUs L, - - 905 The Beech Fagus of the CONTENTS. Romans according to Bauhin ; Oxua of the Greeks ; Castdnea Tourn. : HStre, Fr. ; Buche, Ger. ; Beuhe, Dutcli.; Bog, Dan. ; Boh, Swed. ; Buk, Russ. and Pol. : Faggio, Ital. ; Hai/a, Span. ; Faj/a, Port. A. Cupule muricnte, capsuU- form. Ovaries included. Young leaves plicate. ii. Species in Cultivation in Bri- tish Gardens. 1. sylvatica L. - 905 Cast&nea Fagus Scop. Cam., Fdgus Bauh. Pin., F. sylvdstris Mich. N. Amer., Oxya, Greek, Fagus, Lat. : Hctre commun, Fr. ; gemeine Buche, Ger. ; Roodbeuke, Datch. 2 jDurpurea Ait. - 905 F. s. 2. dti-o-rUbens Du R, Httrc noir, Fr. 3 ciprea Lodd. Cat. 905 4 foliis variegiitis 905 5 heterophylla • - 906 F.J. laciniMa Lodd. Cat. F. s. aspleni/dlia L. Cat. F: s. incisa Hort. F. s. saHcrfdlia Hort. Uetre a FeuUles de Saule, Fr. 6 cristata Lodd. Cat.006 F. s. crispa Hort. Helre.Crcte de Coq, Fr. Tpendulaiorf. Cat. 906 Hetre Parasol, Fr. 8 americana 907 F. sylvSstris Michx. White Beech, Amer. 2. ferruginea Ail. - 909 F. americdna latifhlia Du Koi Harbk. : red Beech, Amer. 2 caroliniana - - 909 F. carolini&na Lod. Cat. 3 latifolia - - 9Q9 F. latifdlia of Lee's Nurs. b. Species not yet introduced. 3. obliqua Mirh, - 910 B. Cupule involucriform i Seg- ments narrow, laciniate. Ova- ries laterally inserted. a. Species introduced into Britain. 4. fietuloides Mirb, 910 The evergreen Beech. — Be- iula antdrctica Forst. iu Co0i. Goett., "VVilld. Sp. PI. 5. antdrctica Forst. 910 b. Species not yet introduced into British Gardens. 6. DorabeyzMirb. - 911 The Myrtle-leaved Beech. 7. dubia Mirh. - 911 III. Casta'nea T. -911 The Chestnut. —Ffijffws Lin. and others : Chataignier, Fr. ; Kastanie, Ger. ; Castdgna,\tA.\ Castano, Span. ; Castanheiro, Port. ; Castanietree, Swed. and Dan. ; Keschton, Russ. 1, vesca GcBrtn. - 912 TheSweet, orSpanish, Chest- nut, — Y5,gus Castunea Lin. Hort. Cliff., Castunea satzva Mill. Diet., C. vulgaris Lam. Encyc. Eng. Bot. Vai'ieties A. Botanical Varieties. 2 asplenifolia Lodd. 912 Cheteroph^lla Hort. C. laciniflia Hort. C. %aticifblia Hort. 3 cochleataXorf. Cat. 912 4 glabra Lodd. Cat. 912 C. v.fhliis Ikcidis Hort. 5 glauca //or^. - 912 C. glauca Hort. 6 variegata Hort. - 91 2 C. v.Jbliis aUreis Lodd. 7 americana - 912 C. vesca Michx. B. Fruit-bea7'ing Vars. 912 2. pumila ^FiZ/rf. - 914 The Chincapin. — Ytlgus pii- mila Lin. Sp. PI., Castdnea pitmila virginitina, S;c., Pink. Aim. : Chataigner Chincapin, Fr. ; zwerch Kastanie, or Cas- tanje, Ger. Species of CastHnea not yet in- troduced into European Gar- dens. C. indica Rox. Hort. Beng. 914 C. RoxbiSrghzVLindK - 915 Quercus castanicarpa Rox . Hort. Beng., Sprang. Syst. Veg. C. sphaerocSrpa Z/wrf^. - 91.^ Quh-cics armdta Rox. MSS. C. (ribuldides i^'nrf/. - -915 Quercus iribiil'dldes Smith in Rees's Cycl., D. Don in Prod. Nep., Wall, in Litt. \ Q.Catdngea Ham. MSS. ■ Q.ferox Rox. Hort. Beng. j(?. martabanica Wall. PL As. 915 C. Tung'G.rrutBlmcie'Bl&s:. 915 Tungurrut, or Tungerreh^ of ■ the Natives. C. s^rgeutGa. Blume Fl.Jav. 915 C. jav^nica Blume Fl. Jav. 915 2 montana - - . 915 C. montdna Blume Bjdr. 3 fucescens -i - - 916 C. ingrmis Lindl. in Wall. - 91G C. chinensis Spreng. - 916 IV. Ca'rptnus Z. - 916 The Hornbeam. — Carne, Charme, Fr. ; Haynbiiche, or Hainbuche, Ger. : Carpino. Ital. 1. ^etulus i. - - 917 Cdrpinus Matth. Valgr., O'strya Bauh. Pin., O'mus Trag.Hist., F&gus Bauh. Hist., Beiw/wsLob.Ic: Came,Charmet Yr.; gemeine Haynbuche, Ger. ; Carpino bianco, Ital. : Horn- beam, Yoke Elm, and in isome places Wych Hazel. 2 incisa Lodd. Cat. 9 1 7 C. B. C(uerci/6lia Desf. C. B. heterophylla Hort. 3 variegataioc?. Ca^917 2. {BJ) americana - 918 C. virgimd,naWLC\i^.'i. Arb. 3. {B.) orientalis i. 918 species or Varieties of Cdr. pinus not yet introduced into European Gardens. C. B. Carpinizza Hort. - 919 C. viminea Lindl., Wall. - 919 C. faginea Lindl., Wall. - 919 V. O'strya Willd. 919 1. vulgaris Willd. - 920 Cdi-pinus O'stjy/a Hort. Cliff., 0's/r2/«cffrpmii/'6/i!aScop.Carn., O'strya Bauh. Pin,, O. itdlica, &c., Michx. Gen. : Carpino nero, Ital. 2. (?v.)virglnica tV. 920 Carpinus virginid/na Abb. Ins., Cdrpinus O'strya virgi- nidna Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer., C. Q'sirya Mich. N.Amer, Syl., not the fig., which is 0. vul- garis : Iron Wood, Lever Wood, Amer. ; Bois dur, Illinois. VI. CO'RYLUS Z/. 921 The Hazel. — Coudrier, Fr. ; Haselnuss, Ger.; iNToccio^o, Ital. 1. ^vellanai. - 921 Coudrier Noiseiier, Fr. ; Ha- selsrauchy Nussbaujn, Ger. ; Avellano, Noccioto, Ital. ; Avcl- lano. Span. Varieties. A. Botanical Varieties. 1 sylvestris Ait. - 922 C. Avelldna Svensk., C. sylvestris Bauh. Pin. 2 piimila - - 922 C. piimfla Lodd. Cat. 3 heterophylla - 922 C. heterophylla Lodd. Cat. C. laciniafa Hort. C. urticifdlia Hoit. 4 purpurea - - 922 C. purpitreaJjOdd. Cat. C. atro- purpurea Hort. B. Va7'ieties cultivated for their Fruit. 5 tubulosa - - 922 C. tubuUsa Willd. Abbild. C maxima Mill. Diet, C. saiiva Rauh. C. s, rUbra Ait. Bed fi/;»er^Hort.Soc. Cat. Langbartnuss, or Lain- bertsnuss^ Ger. Noisetier franc d Fru-'t rouge, Poit. et Turp. 6 tubulosa dlba 922 C. saiiva alba Ait. C. A. a/6(iLodd. Cat. WhiteF/lbert, Hort. S. Cat. Weissc L angbartnuss , Ger . 7 crispa Ene. of PI 923 Fo-izxled Filbert, P. M. 8 tenuis Lodd. Cat. 923 Thin-shelled, or Cosford, Nut, Tom. Ma'^., U.S. 9 barcelon^nsis - - 923 C. sat\va grdndis Bauh. C A. grandis Lodd. Cat. The Cob Nut, the Barce- lona Nvt, the Hownion large Nut, Hort. S.C. 2. Colurna L. - - 9-^3 C. byzantlnaUerm. J,ugdl)., Avell&na perc/rlna ktunili.* CONTENTS. Eauh.Fm.,A. pumtla hyxan- tma Clus. Hist., C. arbbrca Hort. : le Xoisetter de Bizancc, Fr. ; ByzantimschcHaselmiss, Ger. 2 intermedia - - 923 C interntidia Lodd. Cat. 3 athoTiscensFisch. 924 3. rostrata Ait. - 925 The Cuckold Hazel.— C.sjr^- vestris.^^c, Gron.Virg.;C.cor- niita Hort. 4. americana 2ricli.r. 925 C- ajnericajia h^milis Wang. Amer.: Dwarf Cuckold Nut, wild Filbert^ Amer. Other Species. — C. f&rox Wall. Fl. As. Rar. - - 925 Garri/acess. I. Ga'rrv^ Dougl. 926 1. eWipUca Dottgl. - 926 2. /aurifolia Harhv. 926 Other Species of Gmtyn. — G. Lindleyi, G. macrophylla, G.obl6nga. and G. ovJlta, arc described in Bentham's Ir'lan- t£e Hartwegianae - - 927 VlatandcecB. I. Pla'tanus L. - 927 The Plane Tree-^Platane, Fr. •, Platantts, Ger.; Platano, Ital. 1. orientalis L. 928 Vldtamts orjentalis vera Park.Theatr., Du Ham. Arb. : Plalane de COrient, Fr.; Jl/oj-- geiUandisdter Platanus, Ger.; Doolb, .Arabic ; Chinar, Persian. 2 ocerifolia Ait. - 928 p. o. Afcerisfilio TourC. P. zcerijdlia, Willd. Sp. PI. P. tnter^£dia Hort. Maple-leaved Flline Trfe. 3 hispdniea - - 927 P. hispdniea Lodd. Cat. P. macrophyUa Cree. 4 cuneata • - 929 P. o. undTJltita Ait. K. K. P. cuneata 'VVilld. Sp. PI. 2. occidentali.s £. 9.S1 p. occidenlilis seu virifiniin- sis Park. Theatr., Du Ham. Ar\3.:Button-wood,lVaU'rBecdt, Sycamore, Cotton Tree, Amer.; Flatanc de firginie, Fr.- Bahamdcea;. I. Liquida'mbar L 932 Alt'mgiA Jsoronh.: Liquidam- bttr, Fr.; Amharbaum, Ger.. 1. Stvracifluai. - 932 Lirfuidimbar arbor Pluk-. Aim., Slyrax Xcerisjdlio Ran Hist.: Liquidambar resineuz, CovaCmc de rAmerime, I.iqm- ilambar Copal, Fr.; yiicssender Aiiibarbaum, Ger.; Storace b- quida, Itat 2 imberbe Willd. 933 L. orienmis Mill. Die., ? PW- fanzM oricntdUs Pocock Itiner., L. inibh'bis Smith in Rees's Cye. Other Species. — L. Altingia Blume Bjdr. (Altingia. excel- sa Noroniia in Batav. Ver- hand., Pars. Syn., Spreng. Sys. Lambert's Genus i^inus ; Lignum papudnum Rumph. Herbal-. Amboyn.) - 933 My. IjncacecB. L il/vra'c4 X. - 934 The Candleberry Myrtle.— Gaie, Fr.; Wachsstrauch,GQv.\ Mirtca, Ital. 1. Gale L. - - 934 Sweet Gale, Sweet Willow, or Dutch Willow.— Gale ilrtiY%«., ^Icedi^nus Card. Hist., 'iG.yrlus brabdniica Ger. Emac., RJi^s xayrtifi.'liit belgica Bauh. Pin., R. syliesiris altera Dalech. Hist., R.i-^/t'e5;ris Park. Theat, 'Myrica pal&stris Lam. : GaU, I'imento royal, Fr., gemeine Wacksstrauch, Ger. 2. cerifera L. - 935 The American Candleberry MjTtle. — M. ccr'ijsra aneustifb- Ua Ait. Hort. Kew.; Myrtus brabantica^ &c., Pluk. Aim. : Cerier de la Louisiane.,YT.\ AL hero della cera, Ital. i' latifolia Ait. - 935 M. c. inedia Michx. M. carulin&nsis Willd., M. pcnnsylvdnica Lam. M. c. seinperv'irejts Hort. Myrlus brabdniica Cates. Car. Cci'irr dePennsylvaiiie,Tr. Carolinischcr Wacks- strauch, Ger. Olher Specks. — M. spathul&ta Mirb. Mem. Mus. - - 936 II. Compto'n/^ Sol.936 Liquidilmbar Lin. Sp., Myr\- en Lin. Hort.Cliff., Gh.\G,Fetiv. Mvs.: Comptone,Yi.\Co7nptoniei Ger. 1. wsplcnifolia 5o/«7z. 936 Liquiddrnbar nspleni/dlium Lin Sp., L. peregrmum Lin. Syst., Myrica Linn. Hort. Cliff., Gale maridna Petiv, Mu£.,M^r- ius brabAniicoi affinis Fluk. I'hyt. : ihc sweet Fern Bush, Anier. Gnetacece, I, ^'PIIEDRA L. 937 1. distachyai. 937 The Great shrubby Horsetail, or Sea Grape. —'E'p/iedra vul- gdris Rich. Mem. Conif., 'Poly- gonujn viarmum Tabern., P. Xamiifdliumy ^c, Bauh. Pin.; Wp/tcdra maritima major Trn. Inst. : Raisin de Mer, Ephedre multijlore, Fr. ; Zweyahrigcr Ross Sc/iwanz, Ger, 2. monostachya L. 93S The Small Shrubby Horse- c i2 tail. — E. polygonoides Pall. Ross. : Ephedre mincure, Ephe- dre de Sibcrie, Fr. TaxdcecBn 939 1. Ta'susX. - The Yew 1. baccata L. - - 939 Taxus No. 1663., Hall. Hist.: If Fr. ; Ifenbaum, Jhenbauitiy or Eihenbaum, Ger. ; Taxo. Ital.; Texo, Span. 2 fastigiaia - c)39 T. fastigidta Lindl. T. kibernica Hook., Lodd. The Florence Yew. The Irish Yew. 3 procumbens - 940 T. procHmbens Lodd. Cat. 4 erecta - 940 5 sparsifolia Hnrt. 940 6 foliis varieg. Lad. 940* 7 fructu ICiteo 940 2. (b.) canadensis ^r. 942 The North American Yew. — T. b. yninor Michx. Bor. Amer. 3. Harringtons Kn. 942 ? Tdxus macrophylla Thunb., fPoducdrpus macrophyllus Sw., Lamb. 2d ed., Arb. Bnt. 1st ed. Other Species of Tdxus. — T. MackSiya Pin. Wob., T. Inu- • kdja Knight's Cat., T. glo- b5sa Schlecht. - 943 II. Torre'y^ Arn. 943 Tdxiis sp. iVutt. 1. iaxifolia -4™. - 944 Tdxus montdna Nutt., not of Willd. : Slinking Cedar, Florida. III. SalisbuW^ S. 944 Ginkgo of Keempfer, Lin- naeus, and others. l:adis.uti(6\m Smith 945 The Ginkgo Tree. — Ginkgo, Gin-anj or Itsjo, KEempf. Am. ; Ginkgo blloba Lin. Mant. : Noyer du Japan, Arhre nux quaranle E'cus, Fr. ; Albcro adianlo, Ital. ConifcrcE^ or Yiha- cece. Tribe I. .^BiE'TiN.a!:. L PfNUS L.- - 950 The Pine. — Le Pin, Fr. ; Fichle, PynbauTn, or Kiefer, Ger. ; Pi/jifioo/re, Dutch; Pino, Ital. and Span.; Pinu, Anglo- Sax. ; Piiinua-, Welsh ; Pcigne, Erse. § I. Bina:. Leaves gene- raUy 2 in a sheath. A. Natives of Europe. I. sylvestris L. - 951 The Scotch Pine, or Scotch Fir. _ P. rhbra Mill. Diet., P. sjjlvHtris communis Ait. Hort Kew., ? P. Escarena. liisso ; CONTENTS. Pin snuvasrr. Pin d'Ecosse, Fr. ; gemeine Fuhre, gemcine Fidile, Kirfer, Tanne, and 55 other names, which are given in Jiayne Abhild., Ger, ; Pi/nboom, Dutch; Pino sylvaiico, Ital. ; Pino sijlvesfre, S[)aii. ; Fyrre, Dan. and Swed. ; Sosiin, Vol., Boh., and Russ. Varieties. a. Timber Trees. 1 vulgaris - - 952 2 horizontalis - 952 P. /ioj-izont'',i'S Don of For. y.si/l.vnr. inovtdna Sang. Tfie Speysjdc Pine, Grig. The red-wooded Scotch Pine, Sang. ?P.rzii;-fl Mill. Diet. S uncintita - - 952 MarForest Wild Pine U.S. 4 haguenensis - 953 , Pin de Haguenau, Fr. 5 rigensis - 953 Pin de Riga, Desf. Hist. Pin de Russie, Pin de Ma- ture, Fr. Other Timber Tree Vars. 953 ^ Varieties curious or orna- mental. 6 genev^nsis - - 953 Pin de Tartare, Fr. 7 monophylla ffodg.953 8 scariosa - - 953 P. scaridsa Lodd. Cat. ?P. squaindsa Bosc Nouv. 9 intermedia 953 10 altaJca Ledehour 953 11 tortuosa i?on 0/^.954 2. (s.) pumilio Hcen. 955 The Mountain Pine. — P. st/lvestrts monldna y Alt. Hort. liew. ; P. s. htimilis y Neal ; P kiimilis, !§■£., Tourn Inst., Linic Abhand. : Pin nain, French ; Krumhol'x, Ger. 2 rubrasfolia - 955 3 Fischerz Booth - 955 4 Milghvs ■ - 955 P. s. Mingho Matt. Cam. P. moniann Baum. Cat. P. MCigho Jacq., Pair. 5 M. nana - - 956 The Knee Pine of the Sty- rian Alps. Other Varieties - 956 .3 Lai'icio Pair. - 956 The Corsican I^ine. — P. syl- vBstris I ■mar'iiima Ait. Hort. ICew., P. maritima ed. 2. : Pi- nastro, Pino chiappino, Ital. 1 corsicana - ■ 957 Laricio de Vile de Corse, Del am ar re. 2 subviridisA''. Du H. 957 3 caramanica 957 P. caramdnica Bosc. P.C(ira7niT/!/ens25BonJard. Laricio de Caramanie, ou de VAsia Mineure, Dela- marre. ? P. romana Lond. H. S. Card. 4 caldbrica - - 957 Laricio de Mont Sila en Calabre, Deiamarre. 5 austriaca - 958 P. austriaca Hoss. Laricio d'Autriche, ou de la Hongrie, Deiamarre. Other Varieties - - 958 4. (L.) austriacaHo55 958 The black Pine. — P. nigri- cans Hort., P. nigrescensllort. : Schwartz Fbhre, Ger. 5. (L ) Pallasfa?za L.959 The Tartarian Pino. — P. taHrica Hort. ; P. iatdrica in the Hammersmith Nursery in 1797, P. maritinm Pall. Ind. Taur. : Tzaam in the Tartar language. Varieties. Cones straight and short - 960 Cones long and crooked 960 0. (L.) pyrenaicaiy. 961 p. hispdnicn Cook's Sketches in Spain, Tinaster kispanica Koxas di San Clemcnte ; P. pcnicellus Lap. Hist, des PI. des Pyrenees ; P. halephisis viajor Ann. d'Hort, de Paris : Pin Nazaron, Pin pinceaUf Fr. 7. Pinastev Ait - 961 The Cluster Pine. — T . syl- vSstris y Lin. Syst. Reich., P. maritima altera Du Ham. Arb., P. maritima N. Du Ham. ; P. surtica Thore Prom, sur les C6tes do Gascogne, P. Mas- somima. Lamb. ed. 2.: Pin de Bordeaux, Pin desLandes, Fr. ; Pinastro, Ital. 2 Aberd6n2<^ G.M. 963 P. P. EscarcnusArb.Brit. 3 hemonidnus - 963 P. Lemonikna Benth. 9G3 4 minor - - 963 P. maritima mm. N.D.H. Pin Pinsot, Pin de Mans, Pin d. Trochet, Fr. 5 foliisvariegatis - 963 6 maritimus 963 Other Varieties - 963 8. Pinea L. - - 965 The Stone "Pine. — P. saiiva, P. sattva Bauh. Pin. ; P. do- mdstica Matth. Comm. : Pin Pignon, Pin ban. Pin cul/iv6, Pin Pinter; Fr. ; Gcneissbere Fichte, Ger. ; Pino daPinocchi, Ital. 2>fragUis N. Du H, 965 3 cretica Hort. - 965 9. halepensis Ait, - 967 P. hierosolymitdna Du Ham. Arb. ; P. maritima prima Mat- th iol us ; Pin de Jerusaleme, Fr. ; Pino d' Aleppo, Ital. 2 minor - - 967 3 maritima - - 968 P. maritima Lamb. Pin. 4 genu^nsis - 968 P. genu&Tisis Cook. 10. bruttia Ten. - 968 The Calabrian I'ine. — V.con- glomerd.ta GracfTer PI. Exfiicc; Kalabritcke Kicfer, Ger. B. Natives of N. America. 11. 'Banksidna L. 960 The Labrador Pine.— P. st/l- vestris divaricd,ta Ait. Hort, Kew., P. i-up&stris Mx. N. Amer. Syl., P. huds6mca Lam. Encyc. : Scj'nb Pine, Hudsan*s Bay Pine : Ypres, Canada. 12. inops AiL - 970 The Jersey Pine. — P. virgi- niana Du Roi Harbk. ed Pott. : Pin chC'tif, Fr. 53. pungens Miclix. 971 The Table Mountain Pine. 14. resinosa Ait. - 972 The red Pine — P. ritbra Michx. N. Amer. SyL: Nor- way Pine, Canada ; Yellow Pine, Nova Scotia ; le Pin rouge dc Canada, Fr. 15. mitis Michx. - 974 The yellow Pine. — P. vari- abilis Pursh Fl. Amer. Sept. : ? P. eckimita Mill. Diet. : New York Pine, Spruce Pine, Short-leaved Pine, Yellow Pine, Amer. 16. contorta Doug. 975 17. tui'binata Pose 975 § ii. Te)'7idt(E.- — Leaves 3 in a Sheath. A. Natives of N. America. 18. rte'da L. - 976 The LobloUv Pine. — V.fuliis iSrnis Gron. Virg., P. virai- niiina tenuifblia triplicls Pluk. Aim. : White Pine, at Peters- burg and Richmond, in Vir- ginia. 2 a!opecuroidea^i'^.976 19. rfgida >/■/■//, - 977 The Pitch Pine.— P. Tce'da « Poir. Diet. : ? Three-leaved Virginian Pine, Sap PinCy Black Pine : Pin MrissS, Pin rude, Fr. 20. (r.) Fraseri L. 979 21. (v.) ser6tina7i^j:.979 The Pond Pine ? P. Ta?Vrt idopecuroidca Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 2. P. variabilis Lajnb. Pin. • 980 22. ponder6sai)o2i^. 981 23. SabinzOTflDoug. 982 The great prickly-coned Pine. 2+. (S.) Co<eriD. 985 The great hooked Pine.—? P. S«ft/Kiina var. Hort. ; ? P. via- crocarpn Lindl. MSS. 2 vera 985 25. austi-alis Mx. 987 P. piMslris Willd. Sp. PI., PurEh Sept., Lamb. Pin. ed. 1.; P. americdna pal&striSt &c., Hort. Angl. Du Ham. Arb., P. serdlina Hort. : in America, Lone-leaved Pine, Yellow Pine, Pitch Pine, and Broom Pine, in the southern states ; South- ern Pine and Bed Pine, in tha CONTENTS. liii northern states; Yellow Pine aud Pitch Pine, in the middle states ; Georgia Pitch Pine of the English and West Indian merchants. 2 excelsa - 988 P. pat&stris excilsa Booth. 26. insJgnis Doug, 988 27. californiana L. 989 p. nimiterey^Tisis Godefroy, P. ad&nra Bosc : Pin de Mon- terey, Bon Jard. ed. 1837- 28. muricata i),Do?2 987 Obispo^ Span. 29. tuberculata Dora 990 30. radiata B, Don 990 B. Natives of Mexico. 31. Teocote S.&D. 991 Teocote ajid Oco(e of the Mexi- cans. 32. phtuisi S, ^ D. 992 2 foliis strictis^nfA. 993 33. LUveana Sch. 993 p. cembrnides Zucc. Flora : t/ie Mexican Cembra, Penny Cjc. C. Natives of the Canaries, In- dia, Persia, China, and Aus~ tralia, 34. canariensis Sm. 994 ? F. ad&nca Bosc. 35. longifolia Roxb, 996 36. G&YiiTdidna W. 998 The short-leaved Nepal Pine. — P. Ne5sa Govan : eatable- seeded Pine of the East Indies ; ? Chilghdza Elphinstone ; the Neosa Pine, Penny Cyc. 37. sinensis Lamb. 999 p. ? Kesdya Royle, P. ne- palSnsis Pin, Wob., P. Ca- vendishiima, Hort. 38. timoriensis - 1000 § iii. QutncB. • — Leaves 5, rarely 4, iii. a Sheath. A. Cones with the Scales thick- ened at the Apex. a. Natives of Mexico. 39. Hartwegii Ldl. 1000 40. Devoma72aLdl. 1001 Pino bianco, or P. real, of the Mexicans. 41. RussellzaWL. 1003 42. Monteziimt^L. 1004 The rough -branched Mexi- can Pine. — y'tnus occidentalis Kunth in Humb- et Boni>l. Nov. Gen. et Sp. PL, Deppe in Schlecht. IJnnaea. 2 Lindleyi - 1004 43. macrophyllal/. 1006 44 Pseudo-iS'trobus 1008 The False Weyinoulh Pine. 45. filifolia izW/. lOOS 46. leiophylla .^cAf/. 1011 Ocote chino in Mexico. 47. oocarpa Schd. 1012 ?odcarp6ideSjBe«^A.1013 48. apulcensis Ldl. 1014 p. acapzilc^nsis G. Don in Sweet Hort. Brit. ed. 3. b. Natives qf the West Indies. 49. occidentalis S. 1015 P. fdliis qumis, &c,. Plum. Cat., lidrix americdna Tourn. Inst. : Ocote, Mexican. B. Cones with the Scales not thickened at the Apex. a. Natives qf Europe and Si- beria. 50. Cembra L. - 1016 p. fdliis quinis, &c., Gmel. Sib.; P. saiiva Amm. Ruth.; P. sylvistris, &c., Bauh. Pin. ; P. sylvest7-i$ Cembro Cam. Epit. ; ImHx sempervh-ens, &c., Breyn. in Act. Nat. Cur. Cent. ; Pinaster Aleilo^ &c.. Bell. Conifer. ; T^'rfa arboo-, Cembro Italdrum, Dale Hist. : Aphemousli Pine, five-leaved Pine, the Siberian Stone Pine, the Swiss Stone Pine : Aroles in Savoy ; Alvies in Switzer- land ; C6mbra in Dauphine ; Ceinbrot, Eouve, Tinier, Fr. ; Zurbelkiefer, Ger. ; Pino Zim- bro, Ital. ; Kedr, Russ. 1 .sibirica - - 1016 P. Cembra ioda. Cat. Kedr, Pall. Cedar of some authors. Siberian Stone Pine, or Siberian Cedar. 2pygm£B^a - - 1016 P. C. pUmila Pall. Ross. Slanez, Russ- 3 helvetica Lodd. 1016 b. Natives of North America. 51. ^trobus L. - 1018 The Weymouth Pine. — P. fuliis quinis, ^c, Gron. Virg. ; P. canadensis quinqvisfdlia Du Ham. Arb., P. virginidna Pink. Aim., "Ldrix cantuihnsis Tourn. Inst. : New England Pine, white Fine, Pumpkin Pine, Ap- ple Pine, Saplin Pine, Amer. ; Pin du Lord, Pin du Lord Weymouth, Fr. 2 alba Hort. - 1018 3 brcvifolia Hort. 1018 4 eom])i6ssa. Booth 1018 P. S. ndzJiz Lodd. Cat. Floetbeck Weymouth Fine. 52. ( *S'tr.) Lambertzona Doug. - - 1019 The gigantic Fine. 53. (S.) monticola 1021 The short-leaved Weymouth Pine. c. Natives ofNepal and Mexico. 54. m excelsa M^. 1022 The Bhotan Pine. — P. Dick- sdnii Hort.: Chilla, or Chylla^ c 3 Himalayas ; Kuel, Sirmone and Gurhwal ; Lemshing, Bhote^; Raesvla, or King of the Firs, Hindostan. 55. AyacahuUe Ehr. 1023 Fi'iiones. It is so called be- cause it was believed that the Ayacahuite, the aboriginal name of this species, had originated in P. Piiiones (P. Llavedna). II. ^^BiEs D.Don 1025 The Spruce Fir Vinus of Lin. and others, in part; Vicea Link in Abhand. Konig. Akad. Wissens. Berlin, 1827 ; A'bies of Tourn., Mill., and others, in part J Ticea of the ancients : Sapin ipicea, Fr. ; Fichten- baum, Ger, ; Abete, Ital. ; Abieto, Span. § i. Leaves tetragonal, awl- shaped, scattered in in- sertion. A. Natives of Europe and the Caucasus. 1. exc^Isa Dec. - 1026 The Norway Spruce Fir A. communis Hort., A. Vicea Mill. Diet., Vinits A^bies Lin. Sp. PI, Vlnus Vicea Du Roi Harbk. ed. Pott., P. excelsa Lam. Fl. Fr. ed. I.. Vtcea vul- garis Link in Abhand , : com- mon Spruce, Prussian Fir : faux Sapin, E'picea, Sapin- Pesse, Serente, Saptn gentil. Finesse, Fr. ; Lufie, in the Vosges ; gemeine rothe Tanne, gemeine Fichte, Ger. ; Fezzo, Abete di Geo-mania, or di Nor- vegia, Ital. • 1 communis 1026 White Fir of Norway, 2 nigra - 1026 Red Fir of Norway. 3 carp^tica- - 1027 A. carpdtica Hort. 4 p^ndula - - 1027 A. communis pSndula B. 5 foliis variegatis 1027 6 Clanbrasihana 1027 7 Clanbr. stricta 1027 8 pygmaj^a- 1027 A. ndna Hort. Soc. Gard. A. ^legans Smith of Ayr. 9 tcnuifolia - 1027 A. tenuifblia Sm. of Ayr. 10 gigant^a - - 1027 A. gigantea Smith of Ayr. 11 monstrosa - 1027 A. mansirdsa Hort. 12 mucronata Hort. 1027 Other Varieties - 1027 2. orieiitalis Tourn. 1029 Vinus orientd,lis Lin. Sp. PI., Lamb. Pin. ed. 2.; Vicea ori- enthlis Link & Steven in Bull. Soc. Nat- Mos. 3. obovata D. Don 1029 Vicea obovdta Led. Icon. PI. FI. Ross. B. Natives of North Ainerica. 4. Mba Michx. - 1030 V'mus alba Ait. Hort. Kew., liv CONTENTS. P. litxa Ehrh. Reitr., P. cana- densis Du Koi Hai-bk., A. cur- vtfdlia Hort. : single Spruce, Amcr. ; Epinette blanche^ Ca- nada ; Sapinclic btaric/ie, Fr. 2 nana Dickson - 1030 Other Varielies - ~ 1030 5. nigra Poh\ - 1031 Vmus nigra Ait. H. K., P. maridna Ehr. Beyt., A^bies ?;m;/(.-rert Wangh. Beyt. : double Sfjruce J jwire Epinetfe, Epi- nette a la Bitre, Canada. Varielies - 1031 6. (n.) rubra Pair. 1032 Tlie Newfoundland Red Pine. — P. amcricHna ritbra Wangh. Beyt., Pmtw rubraljavab. Pin., pQrsh Sept. ; A'^bies pectindta Lam. 2 cJErulea - 1032 A. cariilea Booth. C. Natives of Nepal. 7. Khutrow - - 1032 A. SmjWiana Arb. Brit. 1st ed., '?lmts Khtitro Royle 111., ?Vinus Smit/ilhnd. Wall, PL As. Bar., Amines S7?iith\iLr\a. Lindl. Pen. Cj/cI; A. Morinda Hort. : Rapa^ or Raggoe, in tlie Parbu- tee language. Varieties - 1033 § ii. Leaves Jlat, generally glaucous beneath, imper- fectly S-rowed. D. Natives of North A?nerica. 8. DouglasM Lindl. 1033 The trident-bracted Spruce Fir P. taxifblia Lamb. Pin*., Pursh Fl. Amer. Sept. ; A. cnlifdrnia Hort. ; Pmzw Dou- glds'n Sabine MSS., Lamb.Pin. : the NoQtka Fir, Smith in Rees's Cycl. 2 ^axifolia 1033 9. Menziesii Doug. 1034) The warted- branched Spruce Fir. — Vinus Menziesii Lamb. Fin. 10. canadensis Ma^. 1035 The Hemlock Spiuce Fir. — P. canadensis Lin. Sp. PI., P. nmericdna Du Roi Harbk., Smith in Rees's Cycl. ; A^bies mnericdna Marsh. Arb. Amer. : Perusse by the French in Ca- nada ; Sapin du Canada, Fr. ; Schierlings Fickle, Ger, E. Native of Nepal. 11. dumosa 1036 Vlnus dumosa. Lamb. Pin., Abies Brunomknw Lindl. in Pen. Cycl., P. decidua Wall. MSS,. P. BruTwmkxiZ. Wall.Pl. As. Rar, Other Species of Abies. — A. Merteusidna Bong., A sitch- Snsis Bong., A. trigbna, A. heteroph^Ua, A. arom^tica, A. microph^Ua, A. obliquata, and A. falc^ta, A. hirtella Humboldt ct Kunth, A. K£cmpfer;V Thuiib., ^.Thun- bcrg:z Thunb., d.Mdrni Sieb., A. Torino Sieo., A, Araragi Sieb. - - - -1036 llLPi'cBAD.Boii 1036 The Silver Fir. — V'mm Lin. in pari; Pinus sect. VeTice D. Don in Lamb. Pin.; Abies Lk., Nees von Esenbeck, and Lede- l)our ; Abies Du Roi, in pari : Sapin, Fr. ; Tannen, Ger. A. Natives of Europe, Siberia, and the North-west of Asia. 1. pectinata - - 1037 Abies of 'Pliny, Vinus Vicea Lin. Sp. PI., P. A'bies Du Roi Harbk., A' bies alba MiM. Bid., A. Tdxifblio Tourn. Inst., A. vulgaris Poir. Diet., A. pecti- ndta Dec. Fl. Fr., A. taxifdlia Hort. Par., A. Vtcea Lind. in Penn. Cyc, A. exc&lsa Link Abhand. &c. : Spanish Fir : Sa- pin commun,- Sapin d Feuilles d" If, Sapin blanCi SapinargenlS, Sapin en Peigne, Sapin de Nor- jnandie, Fr. ; Weiss Tanne Edel- tanne, Ger. ; Abete argcntino, Ital. 2 tortuosa Booth 1037 3 foliis variegatis 1037 4 cinerea 1037 Pinus Vicea cini-rca B. C. 2. fp.) cephalonica 1039 A bies cephalSnica Arb. Brit. 1 ed., A. taxifdlia Hort., A. I^us- conibeknA Hort, : Koukounaria and Elatos in Cephalonia ; Mount Enos Fir. 3. (p.) Pinsapo - 1041 A'bies TinskpoBoissier in Bibl. Univ. de Geneve : Mount Alias Cedar, T>ec. MSS. 4.(p.)NordmannzVirtffll042 Vinus No7-dmanmS.aa. Stev. 104.3 Vlnus Pichta'LodkA. Cat. 1836 ; P. sibirica Hort.; A bies sibiri- ca Ledebour Icon. PI. Fl Ross., Lind. in Penny Cyc; A. Pichta Fischer : Pichta, Russ. B. Natives ofN. America. 6. balsamea - 1044 The Balm of Gilead, or Ame- rican, Silver Fir Plmis bal- samealjm. Sp. PI., P. /Cbies balsdmea Marsh. Arb. Amer., J>^bies Tkxi fdlio, 8(c., Hort. Angl., A. baha?n?nea N. Du Ham., A. balsamifera Michx. N. Amer.Syl. : Balsam Fir : Ic Baume de Gilead, le Sapin Bau- mier de Gilead, Fr.; Balsam Fichte, Balsam, Tanne, Ger. ; Pino balsamifero, Ital. 2 longfolia Booth 1044 7. (b.) Fraseri - 1044 The doubleBalsamSilverFir Vinus Frdsa-i Pursh Fl. A?ner. Sept., Lamb. Pin.; A^bies Frd.- seri Lind. in Penn. Cyc. C. Natives of California. 8. grandis - -1045 Vinus grandis Dougl. MSS Lamb. Pin.; Abies grandis Lindl. inPennyCycl.: the great Californian Fir, 5. (p.) Pichta 9. amabilis - - 1046 Vmu$ amabilis Doug. MSS. 10. nobilis - - 1047 Thelarge-bracted SilverFir — Vmus nobilis Doug. M.S., Lamb. Pin., A. Twbilis Lindl. in Penny Cycl. 11. bracteata - 1048 Vmus bj'acledla.Ty.DoninJjin. Trans., Lamb. Vin.; V. venHsta Doug, iu Comp. to Bot. Mag. D. Nativesof Mexico. 12. religiosa - 1049 Vlnns religihsa Humb. et Kunth Nov. Gen. et Sp. PL, Schiede et Deppe in Schlecht. Linnaia^ Abies religidsa l.indi. in Penny Cycl. 13. hirtella - - 1050 A bies hii-tilla Lindl. in Penny Cycl., Vinus hirtella Humb. et Kunth. E. Natives qf Nepal. 14. Wobhldna - 1051 Vmus WebbianaWall. inLitt., Lamb. Pin. ed. 2.; V . spectdbilis Lam. Monog.; Kbies Webbikad^ Lindl. in Penny Cyc, Royle lllust.; Chilroia, And the Ponum, or Purple-coned Fir^ in the Hi- malayas. 15. Pindrow - 1052 TheTooth-leavedSilverFir.— P/izMi- Pindrow lioi/le Ill.,Lamb. Piit. ; Taxus Lambert\a.x\B.Wall. Cat. / Pindrow, and sometimes Morinda, in the Himalayas. IG. naphtha Eort. 1053 IV.i.v^Rix Tourn A^bZ The Larch.— PiMMS Lin. and others; A hies Rich.; Mcleze, Fr. ; Lerchcnbaum, Ger.; La- rice, Ital. 1. europs'a Dec. 1053 V'mv^ Jjiirix Lin. Sp. PI. ; Abies Lin. Hort. Cliff. ; LUrix decklua Mill. Diet.; Tudrix fdlio deciduo, S^c, Bauh. Hist. ; liirix Bauh. Pin. ; Abies LarixXja.va. lllust. ; Meleze commune, Fr. ; Ldrche, Lorcher-Fich/e, gcmei- ncr Lerchcnbaum, Tei-oentin- baum,Europ'di&cheCeder, weiss- er Lerchenbaum, Ger. 1 CO mmun is iaw-'s. 1054 2 laxa Laws. 1054 3 comt^ACta. Laws, 1054 4 ^(tndiXiU Laios. 1054 GodsalbVG.M. - lOM ripens Laws. - 1054 5 flore rubroJiT. 7:i054 6 flore albo 1054 7 sibirica - - 1054 L. sibirica Fisch. ? L. archajigelica Laws. L. r6ssica Lab. in Hort. Soc. Gard. Vmus Xjdrix sibirien Led. The Russia7i Larch. 8 dahurica - 1055 L.. dahiirica Laws. Man, CONTENTS. 9 intermedia 1055 L. tmermMia Laws. Man. Ytnus iniei-jnedia hod. Ct. Ot/ter Varieties - - 1055 2. americana Mx, 1056 Vtnits \aricma Du Roi Harbk. ed. Pot., P. niicrocdi'pa Willd. Saum. ; t^hiesinid-QcdrpaVoix.: Hack77iatack, Amer.;3'«/«a?vict. by the Dutdi in New Jersey ; K'pinette rouge in Ciinada. J rubra - 1056 L. tnicrocarpa Laws. Vtmts mtcrocdj'pa Pursh E^pinette rouge, Canada. £? pundula - - 1056 L. paTidula Laws. Man. Villus phiduia Ait. Hort. P. interviedia Du Roi Hk.. P. luArix nigra ularsh. iVbies p&ndula Foir. Diet. Tamarack, Amer. 3 proUfera - 1056 L. proUfera Malcolm. V. Cedrus Barr. 1057 The Cedar Vhms Lin. in part; ICbies Poir, in part, Ui- rix Tourn. in part : Cedre, Fr. ; Ceder, Ger. ; Cedro, Ital. 1. Libani BajT. - 1057 Viniis Cedrus Lin. Sp. Fl. ; P. fbliis fasciculatis, &c., Du Roi Harbk. ed. Pott. ; lArix Cedrus Mill. Diet. ; liiirix ori- entaiis Tourn. 'Inst. ; Cedrus mapna Dod. Pempt. ; C. co- ntjera Bauh. Pin. ; C. phcenzcca Renealm Sp. ; Cedrus Bell. It. ; A'bies Cidrus Poir Diet. Encyc. 2 foliis argenteis 1058 3 nana - - 1059 2. Beoddra Roxb. 1059 The Indian Cedar. — Vmus DeodSra Lamb. Pin., A^bies X>eodar ^ Lindi. in Penny Cyc, : Devadara, or Deodara, Hin- dostanee ; the sacred Indian Fir. J'arieties - 1C59 VL Arauca'riaJ". 1061 Eufassa Sal., ColyTnbea Sal., Jimnheyz. Lamb., Cuprissus Forst. : the Southei'n Pine. 1. imbricata Pav. 1062 The Chili Pine— A. X>ombey\ Rich. yi^m. sur les Conif., Vl- Ttus Araucdria Mol. Sag. sulla Stor. Nat. del Chili, Colymbea guadrijuria Salisb. in Lin, Trans ., Dombeya. cfiilinsis Lam. Kncyc. : Pino de Chili, Span. ; Pe'ghtten in the Andes ; Sir Joseph Banks's Pine. Other Species of Araucdria. — A. brasiliina Rich., A. ex- celsa Ait., and A. Cunning- hkmii Ait., are half-hardy species which are figured and described in first edition. VII. CuNNIiVGHA^/^. Tinus Lamb., Silis Salisb. 1. sinensis 2tich. - 1065 The iroad-leaved Chinese Fir. — Belts iaciUifdlia Salisb.. in Lin. Trans., Vmus lanceo- Idta Lamb. Monog., Cunning- hamiSi, lanceoldta K. Br., Arau- cdria lanccoldta Hort, Da'mmara Lamb, orien talis - 1066 Tribe II, Cupre'ssin.^. yill. T'hujaX. 1068 ' The Arbor Vitae Thuya, or Arbre de TiV, Fr. ; Lebens- baum, Ger. J Tvja, Ital, § i. Thujce verm. 1. occiclentalis L, 1068 The American Arbor Vitse. — Thiija Theophrdsti Bauh. Pin., A'rbor Vztee CIus. Hist. : white Cedar, Amer., Cedi-e amSricain, Cedrc blanc, Arbre de Vie, Fr. ; gemeiner Lebens- bauin, Ger. ; Alba'o de Vita, Ital. 2 variegata Marsh. 1069 T. 0. fbliis variegatis Lod. 2. Co.) plicata Donn 1069 Nee's Ai'bor Vita:. 3. chilensis ifl??i6. 1070 Cupressus XJiyotdcs Pavon MSS. § ii- Bidta. 4. orientalis L. - 1070 The Chinese Arbor Vitee. 2 stricta Hort. - 1070 T. pyrainiddlis Baum. 3 tatarica ■ - 1070 T. tatarica Lod. Cat. T. Warckn^ Booth Cat. § iii. Cyparissa. Tender Species. — T. cupres- soidesi., T. peusilis L. 1071 5. penduhi Lamb. 1071 ? T. fHiformis Lodd., ? Ju- niperus flagelliformis Hort. Other Species. — T. tiltformis Lodd. (? T. pendula Lamb.), T. dolabrita L. - - 1071 IX. Ca'llitris V. 1072 Thiijd, part of, Lin. ; Fresni- lii. Mirbel MSm. Miis. 1. quadrivalvisF(?n- 1072 Thiija articuldta Desf. AIL Arb. et ArbrJss., Cupressus ar- ticuldta Fin. Web, Other Species of Cdllitris. — C. Fothergiih" (.-' Cupressus Fo- thergilU), C. triquetra (Cw- py^sstis triquetra Lodd. Cat. 1836), C. cupressif6rmisr^M/., C. macrost^chya Hort. 1072 X. Cupre'ssus L, 1073 The Cypress. — Cy^sr^i, Fr. ; Cypresse, Ger. ; Cipresso, Ital. ; Ciproste, Port.; Cypros, Hun- garian. 1. sempervirens i. 1073 The common Cypress — C. pyramidhlis Hort., ? C. fas- tigihta Hort. & Pin. Wob. : Cypres pyramidal. Cypres or- dinaire, Fr. ; gemeine rifi^nrps. c 4 senhaum^ Ger. : the Italian Cy- press. 1 ^ivicta. Mill. Diet. 1073 Cyres vialu, Fr. 2 horizontalis Mi7/. 1073 C. horixontdlis N. Du H. C. expansa Hort. Pal-. Cipresso fernino, Ital. 2. %6ides L. 1074- The White Cedar. — T/;/yrt sphau-diddlis Rich. Mem. bur Oonif. : Cypres faux Thuja, Fr. 2 foliis variegatis i075 3 nana Hort. 1075 3. lusitanica TournAOlb The Cedar of Goa. — C.glaUca Brot. Fl. Lus., C. pSndula L'Herit. Stirp. Nov.: Cedar qf Bus&aco ; C p6ndula Thunb-, Lamb. Pin., is supposed to be a ditferent plant. 4. torulosa Lamb. 1076 The Bhoian Cypress. 5.p^ndula Thunb. 1076 Fi-moro, Kffimpf. Amoen. Other Kinds qf Cupressus, sotne of which have been introduced, but of which little is known C. horizontalis Avdibert, C. thiu-ilera H. B. et K., C. Tourneliirtzi Audibert, C- bacciformis IVilLd., C. aus- tralis Pers., C. sabindldes H' B. et A",, C. Coulters Pin. Wob. C?C. thurifcra H. B. etK.), C lastigiata i/t)r(.Pm, Wob.,Gard. Mag. {Juniperus fastigidta Hort.j - - 1077 XT. Taxo^dium i?*. 1077 The deciduous Cypress. — Cupressus L., Schubiriia.Mirb., Condylocdrpus Salisb. 1. distichum Eich, 1078 Cupressus disticha Lin. Sp. PL, Pursh Flor. Amer. Sept , C. americana Cat. Carol., C. virginidna Comm. Hurt., SchubSriia. disticha Mirb. : bald Cypress, Cypress, Amer. ; Cy- pres chauve, Fr. ; Zweyzeilige Cypresse, Ger. j Cipresso gag- gia, Ital. 1 patens Ait Hort. 1078 2 nutans ^lY. - 1078 T. d ptndula Loud. H. B, 3 excelsum Booth 1078 4 sinense - - 1078 T. sinense Noisette. 5 pendulum - 1078 T. sinense pSndulumHoH. Other Species of TaxMium. — T. sempervlrens iamfi. 1080 XII. /uni'perusX. 1080 The Juniper, — SabhiaB&uh.; Cedrus Tourn. : Gen&vrier, Fr. ; Wackholder, Ger. ; Gine- pro, Ital. § i. - Oxycedri. — Leave* spreading in the adult Plants. D. Don. A, Natives of Europe. 1, communis X. - i081 J. vulgdi-is. Sec, Raii Syn.; Ivi CONTENTS. J. rnmor Fuchs Hist. : Genev- ri'rr communt Fr. ; ^eineiner IVachholder, Ger. ; Giriepro nero, Ital. 1 vulgaris Par/i. T. 1081 J. v.fruticosn Bauh.Pin. J, c. erSctis Pursh Flor. Amer. Sept. 2 su^cica Ait. Hort. 1081 ? J. c. fastigid,ta Des Mou- lin's Cat. des Plantes de la Dordogne. J. stricta Hort. J. suecica Mill. Diet. J. vulgd,ris arbor Bauh. The Tree Juni-per. ;! nana Willd. Sp. 1081 J. communis /3 Fl. Br. J. c. saxatilis Pall. Ross. J. alp'ma Rail Syn. J. atpinn minor Ger. r. o/iinor montd-na, S^c.^ Bauh. Pin. J. nd,na Smith Engl. Flor. J. sibirica Hort. J. d'dilrica Hort. & Booth. J. c. inontd-na Ait. Hort. Kew. 4 oblonga - 1082 J. oblonga Hort. 5pendiila - 1082 6 canadensis - 1082 J. canadensis Lodd. Cat. 7 depressa Pursh 1082 Other Varieties - 1082 2. Oxjcedriis Z/. - 1083 The brown-berried Juniper. — J. mdjor Cam. Epit. ; J. m. inoiispeliinsium Lob. Ic. ; J. phcenicca, §c., J. Bauh. Hist. ; J. vid.jor, SiC, C. Bauh. ; Ce- fii"us pkoenicea, Matth. Valgr.; Oxycedrus Clus. Hist. ; O. phcenicea Dod. Pempt. : the Prichly Cedar : le Cade, Fr. ; Spanische PP'achholdcr, Ger. ; CedJ'o Fenicio, Ital. 2 taurica ifort. 1083 3. macrocarpa S, 1083 ? J. Ox^^cedrus var. ; J. mdjor, baccd aeruled, Tourn. Inst. B. Native of Asia. 4. drupacea Lab. 1084 The large-fruited Juniper.— J. major Bellon Obs. C. Native of X. America. 5. virginiana L. - 1084 The Red Cedar. — J. 7ni^or aviericana Rail Ilist. ; J. maxima, S[C., Sloan ; Gtnepro di Virginia. 2humilis Lodd.CiOHA 3 caroliniana - 1084 J. carolinidna Du Roi Mill. Diet. Other Varieties - 1084 Other Species of Junipei-us.— J. bermudi^na L. and J. ne- palensis Hort. (Cupresstis ne- palSnsis Hort.) are described in our first edition. § ii. Sahinm. — Leaves of the adult Plant imbri- cated. J). Don. A. Natives of Europe. 6. &ibina - - 1085 The common Savin. — Sabine, Fr. ; stinkender Wachholder, Ger. ; Planta daunata and Cipresso des Maghi, Ital. 1 cupressifolia Ait. H. K. J. lusitdnica Mill. Diet. ^abina Dod. Pempt. La Sabine male, >r. 2 (amarisclfolia Aii, J. Sabina Mill. Diet. La Sabine femeUe. 3 foliis variegatis Mart. 4 prostrata - 1086 J. prostrdta Mx.; J. repens Nutt. J.hicdsdnica'Lodid. Cat. 5 alpina - - 1086 J. alpina Lodd. Cat. 7. phcEnicea ly. - 1087 Cedrus phxnicea media Lob. Icon., Oxocedrus lycia Dod. Pempt.: Gen^vi'ier de Phenicie, Fr. ; dichtnadliger Wachholder, Ger. ; Cedro lido, Ital. 8. (p.) Ijcia L. - 1087 J. p. /3 li/cia N. Du Ham.: Cipressen yVachholder, Ger. 9. thurifera L. - 1088 Spanish Juniper. — J. hispa- nica Mill. Diet. ; Cedrus fn'spd" nica^ ^c, Tourn. Inst. B. Natives of Mia. 10. excelsa Wi/ld. 1088 J. Sabina var. PalL Ross. ; Himalaya Cedar-wood. 11. squamata i)o7?. 1088 The creeping Cedar. — J. squa?ndsa ^Vall. 12. recurva Hajn. 1089 13. chinensisi/. - 1089 ? J. c. S7nith'ii Arb. Brit. ed. 1 . 14. uviferaD. Doii 1089 Other Species of Juniperus, of recent Introduction, but of which little is known. —'J. tetragbna H. B. et K., J. flaccida Schiede, J. dealbSta Hort. , J.flagellifArmisflort , J", gossainthanea Hort., J. 3ed- fordidwrtHort., J. Hudsonidwa P/n.Wob., J. barbadensis L., J. hemisphie'rica Pi'esl . 1 089 ^mpetrdcea^, I. ^'mpetkumX. - 1091 The Crowberry. 1. nigrum L. - 1091 The Crakeberry. — "Ericacoc- cifera procfonbens Ger. Emac , E. Cd7-is fdlio lindeciina Clus. Hist. 2 scoticnm JJbok. - 1091 2. rubrumX. - 1091 Cranben-i/ of Staten Island. 3. ConradH Torrey 1092 II.Core^ma2>.Dom 1092 'E'mpeti-um, in part, L 1. alba i>. Don - 1092 'E'mpetrum album Lin. Sp.; E.lusitdnicuTn,^c..,ToviT. Inst.; 'Erica erectis, S^c, Bauh. Pin.; the white-berried Heath, Por- tugal Crakeben-y. III. Cerati'ola - 1092 1. mcoides - - 1093 Class II. EJSTDO'GEIf^. SmUd,ceee. I. Smi'lax L. - 1093 Smilax Fr. and Ger.: Smilace, Ital. § i. Steins priclihj and an- gular. 1. aspera L. - - 1094 Rough Bindweed. — Rogo acerbone, Ital. 2 auriculata Ait. - 1094 3 maiiritanica .. 1094 S. Tnauritanica Poir. 2. excelsa L. - - 1094; S. orientdliSt ^c, Tourn. Cor., Bux. Cent. ; S. aspera Alp. iEgypt. ed. 9. 3. rubens Wats. - 1094 4. Sarsaparltla L. - 1 095 &. peruviana SarsaparSUaGfj)-. Umac.y S. glafica Mx.Walt., Fl. Car. : the glaucous-leaved Smi- lax: Salsa pariglia, Ital. 5. hastata Willd. - 1095 S. Bdna-nax Mx. Fl. Amer. 5. aspera var. Lam. Encyc. 6. Watsoni Swt. - 1095 S. longifdlia Wats. Den. Brit, S. h. 2 lanceol&ta Arb. Erit. ed. 1. 7. Walterii Pursh 1095 S. China Walt. Ft Car, 8. maculata Roxh. 1096 § li. Stems prichly, round. 9. China £. - - 1096 Chtna^ r&dj'x Bauh. Pin. ; Sinilax aspera ininor'P\\ira. Ic; Sankira vulgo Quaquara, &c., Kffirapf. Amren. Ex. : Cena gentila, Ital. 10. rotundifolia L. 1096 CONTENTS. Ivii u. /aurifolia L. - 1096 s altera, Ac, Plum. Ic. ; S. Isvis.Ssc Catesb. Car. 12. tamnoides L. - 1096 s 'Qiijoniie nigrtEt 4 c. Cat. Car 13. caduca L. 1097 14. alauca Sims 1097 § iii, Siems unarmed, 4- angled. 15. ^ona-nox L. 1097 The ciliated-leaved Stnilax. — S. dspera I'ndiee occidenidtis Bauh. Fin., S. variegdta ^Yalt. 16. latifolia/^. Br, 1097 17. quadrangularis 1097 § iv. Stems unarmedj round. 18. lanceolalai. - 1098 S,non~spindsa, §-c., Cat. Car. 19. virginiana MiiL 1098 20. pubera U^ilid. - 1098 S.pumila'Walt. Car. Kinds of Stnilax wh ic/i are either not introduced, or of which we have not seen the Plants,— S. ovata Pursh Fl. Amer. Sept., S. alba Pursh, S. pandurata Pursh, S. nigra W., S. catal6- nlca Pair., S. h6rrida Besf, S. Villands/a Ham. (S. ma- cropkulla Roxb.), S. alplna n\ - ~ . . 1098 'Liiliacece. I. iJu'scus i. 1099 The Butcher's Broom.— i^Va- gon, Fr. ; Mausedorn, Ger. ; RtiscOt Ital. 1. aculeatus L, 1099 R. myrtijhlius aculedtus Tour. Inst. : Box Holly, Knee Holly, teild Myrtle, prickly Pettigi-ec : Hotix Frelon, petit Houx, Buis piquant^ Fragon epincux, Fi'a- 5 on piquant, Fr.; Stechenda- lausedom, Ger. ; Riisco, Ital. 2 rotundifolius - 1099 R. vtU. fbl, ampliure Dill. 3 Idxus Smith - 1099 R. Idxv^ Lodd. Cat. 2. hypophyllum L. 1 100 The broad-leaved Butcher's Broom. — R. latifblius, ^c, Tourn. Inst. ; 'La&jtts alexan- drina Lob. Adv.: Fragon sans Foliule, Fr. ; breitbl'dttrigcr Mausedorn, Ger. ; Bonnfaccio, Ital. 2 trifo] latum - 1100 R. trifoliatus Mill. Diet. 3. (h.) jy^ypoglossum 1 100 The double-leaved Butcher's Broom. — R. angustifdlius, ^-c, Tourn. Inst. ; HypogldssuTn Lob. Adv., Uvuliria Bruiif. : Fragon d Foliole, Fr. ; Zungen Mausedorn, Ger. ; Lingua pa- gana, Ital, 4. i-acemosus L. - 1101 The Alexandria Laurel — R. angustifdlius, frUcttt sUmTnis rdmuUs, %c., Tourn. Inst. : Fragon d Urappes, Fr. ; Trau- ben Mausedorn^ Ger. ; Lauro ideo, Ital. 11. Yi/ccaL, - 1101 The Adam's Needle. 1. gloriosa L. - 1101 Y. canadtna Aid. Hort. Par. ; Y. indica-, ^c, Barr. Rar. ; Y. peruana Ger. Emac. ; Y. ndva gloriosa, 8[C., Lob. Adv. : the superb Yucca : Yucca naitt. Yucca a Feuilles entiires, Fr. ; pr'dchiigei- Yucca, Ger. 2 foliis varieg. Lod. 1 102 2. (g.) superba - 1102 Y. gloridsa Andr. Bot. Rep. 3. aloifolia i. - 1102 Y. arborescens, ^c. Dill. Elth.; Y. caul^scens Mx. Fl. Bor. Amer. 2 pendula Cu^ ^rM102 4. draconis X. - 1103 The drooping-leaved Adam's Needle. — iiraconi drbori, Sfc , Bauh. Pin. 5. stricta Sinis - 1103 Lyon's narrow-leaved Adam'' s Needle. 6. recurvifolia Salts. 11 03 Y. recHrva Hort. 7. filamentosa - 1103 The thready Adam's Needle. — Y. fdliis fUamentiisis Moris, Hist. ; Y. virginidna, SfC, Pluk, Aim. 8. (f.) angustifblia 1104 9. flaccida i/flM/. - 1104 , 10. glaucescens H. 1104 SUPPLEMENTARY SPECIES AND VARIETIES, AND SYNONYMES. 'Kanuncidacets. Clemati'de.«. Cle'matis. californicaG.ikf. nil j4tra'gene. macropetala Led. 1111 Wintersiceie. Illi'cium. religiosum Sieh. ? 1 1 1 1 Ski'mi, Japan. Magnoliaceae. Magno'l/^. grandifldra var. Har- wicus Hort. - 1111 purpurea var. h^brida Hort. . - 1111 Bei'beraceae. BifRBERIS. vulgaris fol. purpureis Hort. - nil Mahonw. p&Uida - - 1111 Berberis pallida Hartw. gracilis - - 1111 B. gracilis Hartw. trifoliata - - 1111 B. trifolicUa Hartw. lanceolatum - 1112 B. lanceol&tum Benth. angustifolia - 1112 B. angusiiJMa Hartw. HartwegM - 1112 B. Hmlwcgii Benlh. AurantiacecB. LlMO'NIA. Laureola JK«a 1112 'Hypericacece. Hype'ricum. rosmarinifolium 1112 hceracecB. J^CER. Isevigatum Wall. 1112 colchicum Hrtwis. 1112 colchicutn var. rubrura Booth - - 1112 carapestre riibris 1112 c. heterocarpum 1112 glabrumTor.4-G.ll]2 tripartitum Kutt. 1112 grandidentatiim 1112 Iviii CONTENTS. IE,s.cidace(:e. M'&cvixs. (H.) rubicunda 1113 Capparidacecs. Iso'mbris. arborea A'iiii. 1113 YitacecE. parvifolia Royle 1113 heterophylla 5'.? 1113 Aqicif'olidcece. /'LEX. ^quif. pendulum 1 1 13 latifolia iJorf. 1113 ? I. laurifblia Hurt. 'R.hamnacea:. Ceano^thms. a. 2 interniedius 1113 ijHA'jlNUS. Wicklius /flcy. 1113 ^runifolius Booth 1113 AnacardiacecE. T)vva.v'a. longifolia J/orf. 1113 LeguminbscE. SOFBO'RA. [■pjaponica] grandiflora Hort. - - 1114 jap. pubescens jB. 1 1 14 Geni'sta. thyrsiflora Sooth 1114 Indigo'feea. nepalensis Hort. 1 1 14 Caraga'na. Gerardiajza Royl. 1 1 14 Tartaric Fur:^e. ^stra'galus. fruticosus Dec. ] 1 14 vimlneus Dec. - 1114 Ylosdcece. Jmy'gdalds. PallasK Ledeb. 1114 A. pedunculUta Pallas. Pku'nus. Miime Sieb. 1114 Ce'rasus. L. var. colchica 1114 L.off)-.^jHCTeffi(?)l]14 iSpilliE'A. f issa Liivll. 1114 lanceolata Po!>. 1114 S. JReevesxiins. Hort, rotundifoliaimrf. 11 14 Nutta'llM. cerasiforrais Tor. 1115 lasiocarpus Royl. 1115 trilobus Dec. - 1115 C'ratjE^gus. Oxyac. oxyphy^llal 1 15 O. fructucoccineoUlo Pyrac. fr. alb. iT. 1115 rivularis r. rf G. 1115 coccinea fi.viridis 1 1 15 c. j'«r. joopidifolia 1 1 15 c. var. oligandra 1115 c. var. mollis 1115 arborescens Tor. 1115 aestivalis T. e^ G. 1 1 15 C. opdca Hook. berberiiolia Ton: 1115 Cotonea'ster. bacillaris Wall. 1115 Amela'nchier. (v.) ovalis 2 subcor- data - 1115 Petromeles ovalis subcorddta Jacquin. Py^rus. heterophylla B. 1115 Vhiladclphacea. Philade'lphus. inexicanus.BCTZi!/i. 1115 Grossulaceo!. Sl^BES. tauriciim Jacquin, 1116 Aralidcecr. Sli'DBRA. flelix var. taurica 1116 CorndcecB. Co'rnds. grandis Benth. - 1116 macrophyllafraS.l 116 SambucecB. Fibu'enum. Awaf ula Sieh.? 1116 ? V. jap6nicu?n Hort. sinense Zetjh. 1116 Midlaha Ham. 1116 V. stcUuldium Wall. pygmEB^a Boyle 1116 Loniceraad. LoNl'CEEvi. ciliosa Pou-. IIIG Eiricacea:. j^rctosta'phylos. pungens H.et B. 1116 nltida Benth. - 1116 PERNE'TTYyi. angustifoliaLm&l 1 16 p. '^hillyrexjhlia Hort. Oledcece. I/IGU'STRUM. nepalense 1116 L. vesi'ttum Wall. Syri'nga. Emodi - 1117 S. indica Wall. Volijgonacece. Poly'gonum. volcanicum .S«i. 1117 A^c/f/izadacea;. MoRRE'NJ.i. odovaXa. Lindl. 1117 SolandcecE. Fabia'n/!. imbricata .S. rf P. 1 1 1 7 Thymelaceae. i)A'PHXE. Aucklandzi Lindl.l 1 17 ^IceagnacecE. .£^L.i;.v'GNUS. parvifolia Royle 1117 Spo'xzj. canescensiJ.f/.S.1117 Celtis caiiCscsns H. et B. Seiuldcece. yl'LNUS. denticulata F/scA.l 1 17 5e'tdla. mollis Lindl. 1117 CorylacecE. Que'rcus. riexBalldta 1117 lanata - 111" Q. nepalensis. Skinneri Benth. 1117 ? Q. acutifdlia Nees. pyrenaica- - 1118 pannonica Booth 1118 riibra - 1118 r. ifaraxacifolia .S. 1 1 18 2''a^gus. sylvatica - - ]118 s. 9 cochleata.B. HIS VlatandcecE. Pla'tanus. [occidentalis] hetero- phylla .Hbrf. 1118 Coniferce. Pi\\us. oocarpoides 1118 Taxo^dium. distich, nuciferum 1118 'laxus nuci/era Hort. .UK xIN ANALYSIS OF THE COMMONER TREES AND SHRUBS OF BRITAIN, AVITII REFEREXCE TO THEIR USES IX PLANTATIONS. I *i^ "Where the Generic Names only are given, Lhe reader is left to select the Species and Varieties for himself. ThU he will readily be able to do by turning to the pages referred to after every Generic Name, and consulting the Popular Descriptions. The insertion of the names of all the Species and Varieties in this Analysis would have swelled it to ten times its present bulk. Trees groavn chiefly for useful PunrosEs. Selected with reference to their Si:ic. Large-sized timber trees. Decid. — vE'sculus Hippoc&stanum, 124. Carpinus i?t;::Lilus, 916. C^lrya alba, T35. Castknea vesca, 911. i^agus sylvatica, 905. i'raxinas excelsior, G39. .Mglans r&gia, 'J'':1. Planera Richardi', 725. /"latanus orientSIis, P. occcidentalis, 927. P6pulus ^Iba, F. can^scens, jP. nigra, P. canadensis, P. monolifera, P. I'jsti:_'ij.ta, and P. an- gulJita, 819. Quercus pedunculata, Q. sessilifldra, Q,. Ci-rris, Q. rtibra, Q. coccfnea, and Q. palUstris, 846. Taxbdium dfstichura, 1077. jTilia europee*a, C3. C7'lmus cam- pestris, U. montana vggeta, and other varieties or species of i/'lmiis, 715. £y.— .4'bies excelsa, 1025. CMrus Libani, 1057. PIceapectinata, 1030. Plnus sylv6stris, P. Larlcio, P, Pallasiana, and P. Pinaster, 950. ■Uiddle-sized timber trees. ^ ^ ^^ ^« y„ , . ^ Decid. .4'cer/jlatandldes, A. enoc&rpum, and .^. nlbrum,79. .^'Inus glutniDsa, A. in- cana, and A. cordifblia, 832. J9etulapapyrScea,837. Cerasus sylvdstris, and C. vulgaris, 276. ' O'strya vulgJiris, 919. P6pulus balsamiTera, 819. Pyrus communis, and P. tor- minMis, 417. Quercus ^'sculus, 846. Robin?rt Pseud-.^icacia, 233, Zw. — vJ'bies §.lba, 1025. /""lex ^quifftlium, 156. Juniperus virginiana, 1080. Picea balsimea, 1036. auercus /'lex, 846. Small-sized timber trees. , - -. ^ i. -. ^ n. i ^ Decid _ ^'cer tat§.ricum, A. spicatum, A. striatum, A. O'p^lus, ./4. monspessulanum, and A. campestre, 79. Cratse'gus, most of the species, 352. Cyd6nia vulgaris, 450. Cytisusiabiirnum, and C. alplnus, 213. i;u6nymus europje'us, lU). Cruus europa'a, 651 PjTus vi'ria, and P. aucuparia, 417. 5alix c^prea, 744. ^y. _^'bies nigra, 1025. Juniperus virgini-.iia, 1080. T^xus baccata, 939. '^Plpcied as suitable to be arown in Masses.— Social Trees. ^^^^^ Decid -A'cer 79. Cytisus, 213. iarix.1053. Gu^rcus, 846. jPu,—A''hies, all the species, 1025. Codrus, 1057. Picea, 1036. Plnus, 950. Z/'lmus, and, in short, most trees, 715. T-rff as suitable for beine grown singly, or in scattered Oi-ovps. --Sohtary Trees. ^'^'^'"^ "^ %cid.:^M'scu]ui m. Cirpinus, 916. Pagus, tJ05. 5alix, 744. £i;._Cupressus sempervirens, 1073. 9-h^ctcd for the sake oS their produce in Timber. ' Prnrinrpfl in a short time, with a straight trunk. _ Dccid.^L^ri% comm-iinis, 1053. 7;6pulus monilifera, P. fastigiata, and P. aiba, 819. ♦laKx alba and 5. Russeil/'iina, 7'14. Ev—A-Ues excels.!, 1025. Plcea pcctiiiala, 103C. Plnus sjlvcstris, and P. Larjcio, 950. Produced^ a short «™^ -^];,|^^;t';f7^."Xulus Hippoc&stanu™, 124. K>gus sylvi.ica, 905. iStSms excelsior. 639. O'strya vulgaris, 919. Platanus occidcntills, 927. P6pulu5 rtSi P canadensis, P. gr^-ca, and P. anguiata, 819. fiu^rcus Krris, 846. Mlix fUVilis 744 E/'lmus monttaa vegeta (the Huntingdon elm), and U. camp^stris,715. E^nnlptoiLt^,P. sylvestris, P. Larfcio, and P. Pallas0«i('bies commtinis, 1025. For peaty soils. Decid. — BetMU bVaa., 837. P6pulus tremula, and P. balsamlfera, 81 9. 5a.lix c^prca, 744. Ev ./4^bies commilnis, 1025. For good deep soil, Dead.— jS'scuIus Hippoc&stanum, 124. CSrya fi.lba, 735. Castanea vesca. 911. JQglans rSgia, 732. P6pulus, most of the species, 819. Quercus, most species, 846. S^lix, 744. t/'lmus, 715. Selected as adapted for particular Situations. On elevated surfaces. Decid. — PiJtula alba, 837. PJ^rns j4^ria, and P. aucupJiria, 417. 5ambticus nigra, 513. Ev. — Pinus sylvestris, andP. Cem&ro, 950. Sheltered by houses. D^(.7d._//'cer Pseiido-Pl&timus,-79. Pl&tanus, 927. P6pulus fasEigi&ta, 819. 7'-.lia curopse'a, 63. Z7'lmus campestris, 715. Exposed to the sea breeze. Decid — A\ex: Psetido-Pl&tanus, 79. 77ipp6phae Rhamnoides, 698. PApulus felba, 819- Pyrus ..J'ria, 417. 5arabixcus nigra, 513. Selected for being grown for special Pu7-poses. For producing an immediate screen, so dense as to interrupt the view. Decid.— A^cer Pseildo-Pl&tanus, 79. .^E'sculus HippocSstanum, 124. C&rpinus JBt!tu- lus, 916. Pagus sylvatica, 905. 21Ua europEc'a, 63. 17'lmus campestris and V. montana, 715. Ev. — ./4^bies excelsa, 1025. Plnus sylvestris, P. Laricio, and P. PinSstcr, 950. Partially to interrupt the view, Decid. — Petula alba, 837. Cerasus sylvestris, 276. Pr^xinus excelsior, 039. Gleditschm triacanthos, 249. Populus tremula and P. grie'ca, 819. Roblnz'a Pseud-.4ca.cia, 233. For producing timber in hedgerows. Decid. — .^^cer Pseildo-PlStanus, 79. Ailantus glandul6sa, 145. Ctirya &lba, 735. Cas- tinea vesca, 911. PJ^rus commiinis, 417. f^uercus peduncul&ta. Q.. sessiliflbra, Q. Cerris, Q. riibra, Q. coccinea, and Q,. palustris, 84G, t/'lmus campestris, 715. For forming avpnues. Decid— A'cer PseCido-Platanus, 79. jE'scuIus Hippocastanum, 124. Carpinus Petulus 916. C^rya alba, 735. CastJlnea vesca, 911. Cerasus sylviJstris. and C. vulgaris, 27G. P^gus sylvatica, 905. Jilglans rdgia, 732. /.arix europjE^a, 1053. Piatanus orient^lis, and P. occidontalis, 927, Populus, most of the species, 819. Pyrus commiinis, and P. Jlfiilus, 417. tiuercus, many of llie species, 84G Pobini'a PscUd-^c^cia, ^33. t^'lmus, most of the suecies, 715. WITH REFERENCE TO THEIR USES IN PLANTATIONS. Ixi Ev — vffbies exc^lsa, 1025. «drus LibSni, 1057. Plcen peclinilta, 1036. Plnus sjl- vestris, P. Larlcio, P. Pallaszana, P. PinSster, &c., 950. Jaxus bacc^ta, 931). yor forming lofty hedges. i)fcia. — ^Yer campestre, 79. .Betula Wba, 837. Carpinus .BetuUis,916. Fiigus syl- vStica, 905. i^rix europai^a, 1063. O'strya vulgaris, 919. Populus fastigiita, 819. niia europip'a, 63. t/'lmus campestris, 715. Ev. — --J'bies excelsa, 1025. Plex .^quifdlium, 156. Juniperus virginiSina, 1050. PIcea pecUnkta, 1036. auercus /lox, 846. lYlxus baccita, 939. For being periodically cut down as coppice-wood, but not in the shade of other trees. Decid .Betula alba, 837. Cast^nea vesca, 911. .i^ixinus excelsior, G39. flu6rcus peduncultta and sessilifl&ra, 846. For being periodically cut down as coppice-wood, in the shade of other trees. Ev — Cerasus Laurocerasus, 276. .^xus sempervlrens, 703. i'lex ..Iquifblium, 156, Juniperus, 1080. Quercus J'lex, 840. Tfexus baccata, 939 Hdcclcd in part for their produce in Fruits or Seeds. Used in various arts and manufactures. Decid .S'sculus, 124. P^gus, 905. Guercus, 846. Used in household economy. Decid. — Ciirya, 735. CastJinea, 911. Cerasus sylvestris, and C. vulgaris, 27G. .^Eiglans, 732. Mespilus, 416. MiJrus, 706. Prilnus, 270. Pyrus, 417. As food for sinking-birds, game, or wild animals. Decid. — Crats^gus, 352. Pyrus aucup^ria, 417. Plex v4quif61iuni, loG. Selected in part for their produce in Bark. For the tanner. Decid — .5ctula ^Iba, 8.37. CastSnea vesca, 911. Lirix europffi\i, iri'iS. PJrus ancu- p^ria, 417. Quercus pedunculkta, and Q. sessiliflOra, 84S. 6'aUx, -vaiious species, 744. For other arts. Ev. — / lex .^jquifblium, 156. TIlia europffi* a, 63. Selected in part for the use of their Leaves. As substitutes for spent tan in gardens. Decid.— Quercus, 846, Cast&nea, 911. As producing, by decomposition, leaf-mould. All trees, especially the broad-leaved kinds. As winter food for cattle. Decid .Betula, 837. Moras, 715. Pfipulus, 819. PJrus, 417. Roblnia, 233. Silix, 744. rsUa, 63. Z/'lmuB, 716. TXXES GROWN CHIEFLY FOR OrNAMENTAI- PURPOSES. Selected with reference to their Bulk. Large-sized ornamental trees. ^ ^ _„-,-,, tt- Derirf —J'cerplatanoldes. A. eriocarpum, andi4. ruhrum, 79 /E'sculus Hippocas- tanum, 124. !ii7on(t« glandulbsa, 145. ^'Inus glutinbsa lacini^ta. ^. incana, and A co^difblia, 832. Petula popuUMia, and B. nigra, 837. . Ccltis austrilis, 727. Pagus sylr4tica purpttrea, 905. PrAxinus americhna, 639. , Linodendron 1 uhpifera, 36 O'strya vulgaris, 919. Platanus oricntalis, 927. Quercus Cerris fulhamensis, and a. C. LucombeiBO, 846. Robiniffi Psedd-zlcacia, 233. Taxbdram distichum, Ev _>bies, 1025. CSdrus, 1057. PScea, 1036. Plnus, 950. Middle^sjzrf ornamental tre« Gledltsch,'.. 249. Liquidamtar 932 MagnblJ. acuminata, 21 M6rus alba, 705. Negii„do, m. O'rnus 651. O'strya, 919. PivTs, 128. Pdpulus, 819. PJras, 417. Kobinm, 233. Salisburw, 014. iaiix, /44. JB!,™!i-Wes, 102.5. Cupressus, 1073. Junfperus, 1080. PIcea, 1036. Plnus, 950. Quercus, 846. Taxus, 939, &c. Sma-.l-sized ornamental trees^ ^nneniaca, 267. BroussonSt-i, 710. &(a/p«, eso CSrSis 276 Critse-gus. 352. fydftnia, 450. Wtisus, 213. fllosp?ros, 625. PltsmSfoOe. £uonymusfl49. Gledltschm, 249. Hal^sw. 620. flippophae, 69K KfflreSto 134 Liqmdimbar, 932. Magnbha, 21. Jtfesp.lus 414. Morns, 706. Pav™28 Plrsica,265. Prilnus, 270. p|rus, 417. Quercus, 846. Tfhamnus.LO. KoMnVa 233 ,^. l'^^ /unipmts 10«). iaurus, 681. Pfcea, 1030. Plnus, 960. Quercus, 846. Taxus, 939. Phtija, ICOb. S/lccted with reference to their Form. With upright oMo^g - eJ°|°-,'';o^*=>,eulus Hippocastanum, 124. . ^'Inus, S32. Cerasus, 2^6 lagS1!^905 P6pulus, 819. Pyru5^-ria,andP.aucupana,4!7. Quercus terns, 846. E/'lmiis, 715. ^^''*S;S^^^Jf^niaca,267. Crat^'gus Crfis-gilli, 352. i)iosp?ros, 025. .Ve.pilus, 414. Persica, 265. With conical heads. ,_ ff''-Jb"s"''ior-cK,''i'S7.'''2ipr.ssus sempervlrens, 1073. J.nlperus, IC80. Pfcea, 1036. Ptous, 9.50. JMja, 1068. "^''* B!'f?Cratae'gus Oxyacantha strfcta, 362. P6pulus fastigiata, 819. Q'-ucus pedun- culata fastigiata, 846. £tJ.— rSxus baccata fastigiita, 939. iclected with reference to their Mode of Growth. With pendent %°" ='£ft,SS, 837. Cerasus sempcrflbrens, 276. Crata^'gus Oxyac4ntha ■!^^fti^%\STLih^rLm pendulum, 2l». PSgus .ylvStica peudula, 905. Ixii ANALYSIS OF THE COMMONER TREKS AND SHRUBS, i^axinus excelsior ptndula, and F. /entiscif&lia pendula, 639. Lkrix europas^a pendula, 1053. Fkvia riihra. pendula, 128. P6pulus tremula pendula, 819. Quercus pedun- culSta, S46. ^'alix babyltlnica, 744. Taxbdium distichum ptJndulum, 1077. t/'lmus montSna pendula, 715, Ty. — Clipressus pendula, 1073. /'lex ^quifblium, T. pendulum (both rare), 156. Ja- niperus reciirva, 1 080. With vertical shoots and branches. Decirf. — C^rpinusi?§tulus, 916. T^gus sylvatica, OO.'j. Gymnocladus canadensis, 255. PJrus A^ria, and P. aucupJiria, 417- £/'lmus mont&na fastigi&ta, 715 ; and the other fastigiate or spiry-headed trees enumerated above. With horizontal shoots and branches. Deci'd.—A'lnus glutin6sa laciniata, 832. Crataegus Crus-g&lli, 352. Diospj^ros Zbtus, 625. 'Rohlnia i'setid-^cacia, R. umbracuKfera, 233. Taxbdium distichum, 1077. U'\- mus montana pendula, 715. Ty.— ^'bies, 1025. Cddrus, 1057. PIcea, 1036. Plnus, 950. Selected zuith reference to their Foliage. Duration. Deciduous ornamental trees. Developed early in spring. Dec/rf. — J'cer Pseiido-Pl&tanus, and A. tat^ricum, 1% Crataegus nigra, and C. Oxyac^ntha prse^cox, 352. Populusbalsamifera, 819. 6'ambilcus nigra, 513. Tilia europ^'a, 63. C/'lmus campestris, 715. Developed late. Decid.—Ailuntus glandulhsa, 145. Carya, 735. Catdlpa, 6G2. Prdxinus, 639. Gleditschm, 249. Gymndcladus, 255. JTlglans, 732. Pyrus /f'ria, and P. vestita, 417. Quercus 'Ta^zin, 846. Virgilifl Ititea, 197- Dropping early, Dccid .4'cer Pseiido-P16.taTius, 79. ^''sculus Hippoc&stanum, 124. Pr^xinus excelsior, 639. Fkvia, 128. P6pulus, 819. KobIn?a, 2o3. niia, 63. Dropping late. Decid. — yl'cer carapestre, and A. creticum, 79. CS.rpinus .B^tulus, 916. Cratffi'cus Crus-galli, 352. Fagus sylv^tlca, 905. Liquid&mbar imb^rbe, 932. Pldnera Richard;, 725. Guercus, 846. i'rrsistent, often remaining on in a withered state till spring. Decid. — Carpinus .Betulus, 916. P^gus sylvitica, S05. Liquiddmbar im- berbe, 932. Guercus Cerris, and Q, TaHzin^ 846. Hvergreen ornamental trees. yi'bies, 1025. Ctdrus, 1057. C"^rasus lusitanica, 276. Cupressus, 1C73. J"leK v4qui(blium, 156. Juniperus, 1080. ZaiSrus ndbilis,681. Magnbh'« grandifl&ra, 21. Picea, 1036. Plnus, 950. auercus Plex, 846. Taxus, 939. 7'hilia, 1068. Subevergreen ornamental trees. Cratce'gns Crus-galli, and C. mexic^na, 352. Magnbl;« Thompsonirtnd, 21. Pyrus coron:\ria, 417- Guercus Cerris fulhamensis, Q. Cerris Lucom- heiiiia, Q, hjbrida nana and Q. Ttirner!', 846. Form nnd character. simple leaves. Large. Decicl — ,^'cer macrophjllum, 79. Castanea vesca, 911 . Catdlpa syringeB- fblia, GG2. Magnbb'a macrophyl'a, M. tripetala, and M. acuminata, 21. Piatanus, 927. Popuhis heterophS'lla, 819. i'yrus vestita, 417. Quercus^ sessiliflbra, and Q. nigra, 846. Z/'lmus montana, 715. Ev — Magn61za granditl6ra, 21. Small. Decid. — -^'cer creticum, 79. Crat^'gus f?xyac&ntha, 352. ,Eu6nymus eu- ropffi'us, 149. Priinus spinbsa, 270. L"imus chinensis, 715. Linear, or needle-like. Decid. — Lknx, 1053. Taxbdium, 1077. Pi'. — //'bies, 1025. C^drus. 1057. Cupressus, 1073. Junlperus, lOSO- Picea, 1036, Pinus, 950. Paxus, 939. ThOja, 1068. Compound leaves. Large. Becid.—Ailantus, 1145. CSrya. 735. Gledltschjo;, 240- Gvinn6cladus, 255. jaglans,732. Kolreuterifl, 134. Praxinus, 639. Virgilia, 197. Small. Df«d. — ^sculus,121 Cytisus, 213. O'rnus, 651. Nesiindo, 122. PCivia. 128. Pt^ea, 143. Colour. in deciduous trees in early summer. Light, or yellowish, green. Decid. — .^''cer PseO,do-Platanus lutescens, and ^. ^jlatanoldes, 79. C<7- tdlpa syrinsis{h\\^,%G2. Kolreutt3n«, 134. Macltira, 711. NegHndo 122 Pdpulus balsamlfera, 819. Ev. — Quercus pedunculata, and Q. sessilifldra, 846. 5£ilix, 744. Tllia 63. Virgtiirt, 197. Dark green. Decid. -^ AnT\us, 832. Castanea, 911. CeUis,727. -Eudnymus, 149. Li* quidambar, 932. 'PS.via, 128. Priinus, 270. Purple. Z>ec/rf. — ^'cer Pscudo-PlitanuR purpurascens, 79. P^gus sylvStica pur- ptivea, 005. Quercus pedunculata purpurascens, 846. "V anegated. Dccid. —A'cer plataneildes variegatum, and A. Pseiido.Pl-Itarms varieg^ta^ 86. Castanea vesca variegata, 912. Praxinus heterophylla variegata. 639. Quercus pedunculata variegata and Q. Cerris variegita, 846. £7'irau3 campiJstris variegdta, 715. WITH REFERENCE TO THEIR USES IN PLANTATIONS. Ixiii In deciduous trees in autumn before falling off. Red or purple. £■?««._ .I'cer rtibrum.'D. LiquidSmbar, 932. Magnftlio auricuftta, 21. Quercus riibra, Q. nigra, Q. tinctbria, and Q. palfistrls, 846. lellow. Dead — A\er platanoides, and A. sacchfirinuni, 79. B^tulaSlba, 837. Jraxinus excelsior, 639. Kolreutdrm, 134. X4rix, 1053. Liriodendron, 36. Maclira. 711. NegHndo, Hi. Mpulus nigra, and i>. canadensis, 819. Ptflleatnfoliata, 143. PJrus vestUa, 417. Sallsbilpia,844. VirgUia, 197. Green, or without ciianging colour. Dead. — ^'inus, 832. Celtis, 727. Crataj'gus Crus-galli, and C. mexicana, 352. Biospjros, 625. PJrus coroniria, 417. Brown, or without bright colour. Dead. — A\er Psefido-Plitanus, 79. AilUntus, 145. CSrya, 735. Jdglans, 1080. P6pulus grffl^ca, F. treraula, and P.balsamifera, 819 In evergreens. Light green. CMrus Deod&ra, 1057. Capressus ihydldes, and C. lusitanica, 1073. Junl- perus, 1080. Magnblm grandiflira, 21. Thija, 1068. Dark green. J~bies exc41sa nigra, 1025. Cerasus lusitanica, 276. Cupressus, 1073. i*iex, 156. Juuiperus, 1080. iaiinis ndbilis, 681. Picea, 1036. Plnus, 950. auercus riex, 646. Taxus, 939. Variegated. .f^'bies excelsa varieg^ta, 1025. Cupressus ^hydldes varieg^ta, 1073. Tlex ^quif61ium varieg^tum, 156. Plnus Pinaster varieg^ta, 961. Quercus Plex vanegSta, 846. Taxus baccJita variegilta, 939. Fragra:it leaves. Uxid — .Setula. S37. Jilglans, 732. Liquidambar, 932. Saiix pentindra, 744. Ec — J'bies, 1025. Juuiperus, 1080. iaurus, 681. Plcea, 1036. P;nus, 9.i0. Thiija, 1068. Sckcted ::•/-// rrft-i-cnce to their Flowers. Produced in spring. Picd or purple. Decid — .J'cer rClbrura, 79. j4m^gdalus, 261. Cratte' gus Oxyacantha )-&sea, and C. O. punlcca, 352. PikTM riibra, 128. Persica, 265. Yellow. Decid. — j4^cer platanoides, and ji.monspessulanum, 79. CJ-tisus iabiirnum, and C. alplnus, 213. Salix, 744. Xanth6xylum, 142. Vniitc. Decid ^rmeniaca, 267. Cerasus, 276. Cratffi'gus, 352. Maen&h'a conspicua, 21 Prfinus, 270. PJ'rus, 417. Staphyl6a, 147. Variegated. i>eCTrf. — ^'sculus, 124. P^vi'ff, 128. PJrus il/^lus, P. coronaria, and P. specta- bilis, 417. KobiU!ecid ^m^gdalus njLna, 261. ^ndroSK^mum, 77. j^rtemfsiff, .549. ^traph^xis, 679. iJetula nina, 837. C4rctost^phylo3 U\a flrsi, 577. Azalea proctimbens, 601. Calliina, 669. Cor&ma, 1092. Dabce'ci'o, 672. Epigee'a, 580. .Erica, 565. GaulthSrm. 579. Gj-psocWlis, 567. X^dum, 602. Leiophj^Uum, 602. Oxycoccus, 616. Pernettya, 578. rhvll6- doc^, 570. iifiscus, 1099. Santolina, 648. Selected taiih reference to their Form as Bushes. Witli compact roundish heads. Decid — ^rtemfsjfl, 649. Berberis sinensis, 42. .Betula nana, 837. Calycanthus, 452. Cephalanthus, 544. Coronllla, 247. Cytisus, 213. Diphne Mezereum, 686. Genista, 203. .ffyp&icum, 74. Zigiistrura, 628. Potentllla, 319. ijhododeudron, 683. Ribes, 468. Spirie'a, 299. Syjnphoricftrpos, .541. %)-(nja, 636. Ev. — Aticitba, 611. i?upleilrum, 495. .Blixus, 703. D&phne, 686. i/ypericum Kal- mianum, 74. Mahbnja, 50. Philljrea, 631. ilhododendron, 683. f/'lex, 199. Fibfirnum Tlnus, 004. With open, rather irregular, heads. Decj'ti. — Am6rpha, 2.30. i?accharis, 546. Bliddlea, 670. Coliltea, 244. Cotoneaster, 400. Philadelphus, 460. Piptfenthus, 198. iihds, 186. With conical or pointed hc^ids. Ev. — CuprSssus, 1073. Tlex, 156. Juniperus, 1080. CTlex strfcta, 199. Selected with reference to their Mode of Growth. Bushes with upright shoots and branches. Decid — Carag&na,^7. Curnus (fl.) stricta, 501. JJibiscus. 62. Jasminum fruticans. 6.54. Kerrta, 298. Leycestferia, 643. Philadelphus, 460. Spartiura, 202. iyirz~a, 299. TSmarix, 458. Myricaria, 4.W. £».— ,7unSperusc. suecica, 1081. t/"lex e. stricta, 199. Taxus b. stricta, 939. ITiuja o. stricta, 1008. Bushes with pendent shoots and branches. Climbers. By tendrils, or grasping fibrils. Z)fc«. — Ampelopsis, 139. ^tr&gene, 16. Clematis, 2. Tihfis radlcans, 186. Ticoma, 661. ntis, 136. Ev. — Bign6il!a, 660. //federa, 497. Smilax, 1093. By twining stems. Decid. — AristoKdlin, 701. Berchimza, 169. Celistrus, 154. Lonlcem, 526. itfenispermum, 39. Perlploca, 658. Wistaria, 248. Ev. — Lonlcera, 526. By elongated slender stems. Decid. — Jasmlnura officinMe, 654. ijcium europffi'um, 665. iibsa, numerous sorts, 321. iJtibus, 311. Solinum Dulcamara, 663. Ev. — iJbsa, several sorts, 321. Trailers ; the branches prostrate, but not generally rooting. Decid. — .^rctostSphylos alplna, 577. JDecumkria barbara. 466. Ribei nrn- strJitum, 468. iiiibus, 311. ^ £ii. — jirctostaphylos UVa firsi, 577. Azalea proctimbens, 001. Cotoneaster microphjlla, 405. GaulthSria, 619. JunfperusSabinaprostrata, 1080 Tinea 667 Creepers ; the branches prostrate and rooting. Decid. — Sth6s, ]86. ijilbus, 311. £». — EpigiE'a rSpens, 580. Mahbnis rBpens, 60. Oxyc6ccus, 015. Sctec'rd with reference to their Foliage. iJu ration. Deciduous. Developed early in spring. Dead — CratiE-gus, 352. £u6nynins, 149. J/ypcricum, 74. iigfistrum, 62S. D .«|'f. WS. /Jbsa, 321. SambClcus, 613. i'pirce'a, 299. Syringa, GO. Z)eci-(i. — ArMia, 496. Calycanthus, 452. Cephalanthus, 644. Hibiscus, 62. Pahilrus, 168. Tccoma,(X\. i""i.u»,oi. WITH REFERENCE TO THEIR USES IN PLANTATIONS, Ix" Persisting; remaining on in a withered state. Decid. — Genista, 203. i^ypericum, 74. Junlpei-us recurva, 1080. On&nis, 229. PotentlUa, 319. Evergreen leaves. Andromeda, .'i60. v4'rbutus, 673. .rfrctostSphylos, 577. ACcuba, 511. Aza- lea, 601. Birberis, 42. .Suxus, 703. CallClna, 559. Cassandro, 662. Ct- rasus, 276. Cor6ma, 1092. Cotoneaster, 405. Daboe^cia, .572. DSphne, GKIJ. £'mpetrum, 1091. £'phedra, 937. EpigjeX 580. £rlca, .566. Garrya, 9UC. GaulthSrm, 57Sl. GypsotSllis, 657. i/ypericum, 74. /Nex, 156. Junlperus, lOSO. KalraiVi, 598. /.t!dum, 602. Leiophjlluni. 602. Leucothoe, .568. Ly- (mia, 664. Mahbn;a, 50. Pernettyn, 578. Philljrea, 631. Phyllodoci!, 570. PrUios, 163. /ihamnus, 170. rhododendron, 583. iibsa, 321. iiosmarlnus, 672. fluscus, 1099. SantoUna, 518. Taxus, 939. miya, 1068. iTlex, 199. J'acclnium, 604. ribfirnum, 516. Yficca, 1101. Zenbbia, 563. Evergreen, from the colour of the shoots. Decid. — CoUetfrt, 178. Cy tisus scop^rius, 213. ii'phedra, 937. Genista, 203. Jasmlnum officinale, 6.54. 5partiuni, 202. tTlex, 19. Subevergreen. Aristotdha, 182. B6rberis asiatica, 42. Cfstus, .54. C^tisus hirsiltus, and C. capi- tdtus, 213. Leycest^nn, .543. iigustrum vulgire sempervlrens, 628. Photiuia serrulata, 403. iibsa, 321. r.511a, 53. Form and character. Simple. Large. Decid. — Calyc&nthus, 452. Chimon£nthus, 454. C6rnus, .501. Cotone&ster, 405. £u6nynius latifblius, 149. i/amamdlis, 499. hibiscus, 62. Hy- drangea, 492. Leycest^rirt, 543. Philadelphus, 460. Photiuia, 403. Rhododendron, 583. Ahus, 186. Rihes, 468. 5pira;'a, 299. Syringa, 635. Ciburnum, 610. Ev ■Aiicuba,m. Cerasus Laurocerasus, and C. lusit^nica, 276. Garryff, 926. GaulthSria SAa/tom, 579. Kalmia latif61ia, 598. iJhododiSndron, 583. 7'lex, 156. r(ia;«.gloribsa, IIM. Small or narrow. Decid -Imygdalus, 261. ^rctostSphylos, 577. .4traphaxis. 679. Ber- fieWs, 42. .^etula nana, 837. Bbrya, 713. Cistus, 54. Comptbnm, 936. Coriaria, 146. C^diinia, 450. flaphne, 686. FontanSsM, 638. Heli- ftnthemum, 58. Hippbphae, 698. /'tea, 489. iigustrum, 628. Nitraria. 467. Shepherds, 700. JTzf. — ^'rbutus, 573. Berberis d^]cis, 42. .Pfixus, 703. Cotoneaster, 405. Zlaphne, 686. Hypericum Kalra/^nMwi 74. i.fedum latifblium, 602. Leu - cothoe, 568. Lybnzfl, 564. -Phillyrea, 631. Prlnos, 163. i£hododendroi., 583. .ffuscus, 1099. A'accinium, 604. Filccflfilamentbsa angustifblia, UOI. Linear, heath-like, or needle-like. Decid. — Hypericum serpyllifillium, 74. Myricaria germSnica, 459. Phalp- rocarpus serpyllifblia, 581. Phyllbdoce empetriformis, 570. rftniarix g&Uica, 458. £». — Andromeda, .560. Azalea, 601. CalliXna. 559. CorSma, 1092 Da bce'cia, 572. .E'mpetrum, 1091. £rlca, 565. Gypsocallis, 567. ^unlperus 1080. LeiophJUum, 002. iiosmarlnus, 672. Compound. Large. Berii. — Amorpha, 230. Aralia, 496. Coliltea, 244. Paebma, ]8. I!hRu'NOS 267 270 Ke'RRIA 298 Amela'nchier . 411 , ilfE'SPItOS - 414 ' { f/'LMUS Ce'ltis - 715 727 Sa'lix - 744 LlQOlDA'MBAR 932 . Salisbu'r/^ 944 Cydo^nia 480 PO'PULUS 819 Be'tula. 837 Fa'gus 905 6'asta'nea - 911 f Ca'rpinus 916 I O'styra 919 CO'RYLUS 921 HIBI'SCUS 62 Zl'ZYPHUS 167 rilATJL'GUS . 352 Bi^DES - 468 FOTHERGI'LL^ 500 -frcus - 712 Pla'tanus 927 Cow A^ ft J A STRANViE? SIA Photi'nia Magno^lz^ Chenopodium Ce'rasus QUE'RCOS AfYRl^CA -fliIA'MNUS Ceano'thus ■A si' NINA Menispe'rmum Co'CCtTLUS Nemopa'nthes 5pa'rtium AliTEf-n'SIA Menzie'sj^ />iospy ros Syri'nga LY'CIUM CRABO'WSK/jI - Di6tis Calli'gonum Dl'RCA Ny'ss^ - ^L^A'GNUa 7/lppo'phae /^RISTOLtf CHIA Maclu'rjI Xa^rix Taxo*dium Malachode'ndron Stua'rt/^ BerCHE^M/4 - Lo\ve^ Cle'thra Jtfo'BUS Broiissone*t/^ ^a'ccharis -fTY'RAX Haee'si/i 321 403 621 675 276 846 934 170 180 40 154 202 549 609 625 635 665 669 677 680 692 693 696 ■ 698 701 711 1053 1077 71 72 169 352 581 704 . 710 . 546 ■ 61S 620 ACCOKDING TO THEIR LEAVES. lxi> cormceous.l^^,„„„ Dent&te, notched, or otherwise cut at the edges. Lanceolate, acute Oval, mucronate - _ - , Pinnatifidly dentate, downy, with resinous particles Evergreen. Entire. Lohed or peltate, coriaceous, shiny Linear, chafiFy, small, whorled - Acerose, whorled, glabrous Acerose, trigonal, imbricate in 4 rows Linear-lanceolate, mucronulate Acerose, very small, imbricate Acerose, on short petioles Oval, coriaceous Linear, spreading, heath-like Acerose, elliptic, flat, downy benejith Cordate- ovate Verticillately temate, buds naked Oval, convex, glabrous, small - Linear or ovate, margins revolute, tomentose beneath Narrow or linear, crowded Linear, sheathed, needle-like - Linear, scattered, needle-like Linear, 2-rowed, needle-like Linear, in alternate fascicles Acerose, imbricate Linear, tongue-shaped, obtuse Ijnear, needle-shaped, spreading - j Alike green on both surfaces, usually floriferous Ensiform, pointed, alike on both surfaces Serrated. Linear, small, crowded, spreading Roundish -oval, small - Entire or serrated. Terminating in a tendril, cordate, oblong Oblong' lanceolate, coriaceous, shining Linear, solitary, more or less 2-ranked Dentate, notched, or otherwise cut at the edges. Ovate-oval, coriaceous, often prickly Oblong or ovate, small, odour of turpentine Linear, hoary or silky beneath - Linear, small, rowed, tomentose Pinnatifid, tomentose, white and mealy beneath - Spinidose, coriaceous - Ovate, small, approximate, stifl", shining - Ovate, subcoroate, ciliate, coriaceous, glabrous, or ) shining j Deciduous evergreen. Entire. Linear, stem-clasping, small Linear, broader at the base, sessile, small Oblong, coriaceous, sessile, glaucous Obovate or oval, coriaceous, crowded, glabrous Terminated by a sphacelate (withered) apex, or 7 yellow gland 3 Ovate or elliptic, smooth, small, with revolute? margins S Lanceolate, bluntish - - Broad, lanceolate, glabrous Lanceolate, smooth on both sides Ovate-cordate or hastate Spathulate, with a frosty hue - Oblong-pointed, sometimes lobed Linear-lanceolate, small - - - Serrated Oblong, coriaceous, smooth, downy beneath Entire or serrated. Oval or lanceolate Obovate or oblong, full of resinous glands, smooth Obovate, coriaceous, shining . - - Membranous, often beset with resinous dots Reticulated, alike on both sides Evergreen or subever green. Dentate, notched, or otherwise cut at the edges. Coriaceous, in tufts at the axils Obovate, glaucous - - - Stipulate or exstipulate. Deciduous. Dentate. At the apex obcuneate _ - - Ovate, unequal at the base, rough, dark green Deciduous, evergreen, or subevergreen. Entire. Generally woolly beneath /'tea - Zeno'^bu compto' nm He'dera .Eri'ca - Gypsoca'llis - Callu'na Andro'med^ Cass^opb Cassa'ndr^ PfERIS Phyllo'doc£ Dabce'ci^ EPIGiE*A Ka'lm/^ Leiophy'llum /•blo^mis iZoSMARl'NUS Lava'ndula Sa'lvia i^l'NOS - /rBIES - Pl'CEA - Ce'drus Arauca'ria £'mpetrum Cekati'ola Core' MA iJu'scus YV'CCA Brva'nthos - Phaleroca'rpus MUTI'S/^ ^'rbutus Cunningha'm/^ J'lex - DUVAD'^ STiEHELl'N/l Santoli'na 5ene'cio Leuco'thoe Perne'ttYjI Gaulthe'hi^ - Ta'marix Myrica'ria .^upleu'rum - Lyo'n/^ iiHODODE'NDRON OXYCO'CCOS ARGA^'NIA ^ume'lia Fontane's/^ - 5ola'num Tragopy'bum Xau'rus - Osy'ris GORDO'Ni-4 Pri'nos EsCALLO'N/yl - jiRCTOSTA'PHYLOS f'ACCl'NlUM 5mi''lax Be'rbebjs Te'lla Pu'rshw Pla'neb^ Cotonea'steb 449 663 936 497 555 ■ 557 5.'i9 560 ■ 561 . 562 ■ 570 570 572 .^80 598 602 602 672 672 672 673 950 . 1025 - 1036 . 1057 . 1062 ■ 1091 . 1092 ■ 1092 - 1099 . UOl 571 581 551 573 • I06d . 156 - 192 ■ 546 ■ 548 550 . 568 578 458 459 495 564 583 ' 622 623 638 ' 663 . 678 681 695 73 . 163 . 490 . 577 . 604 . 1003 42 53 297 T25 Ixx ANALYSIS OF THE GENERA Opposite, stipulate. Deciduous. Entire. Minute, caducous, bark evergreen Oval-elliptic Whorled, oval Digitate, 7-5-lobed Serrate. Ovate-acuminate Deciduous, evergreen, or subevergreen. Entire, connate - - - - Serrate or dentate, petiolate, and shining Serrate or entire, petiolate, shining Opposite, exstipulate. Deciduous. Entire. Ovate-laiiceolate, 3 ribbed Lanceolate, glabrous, large Ovate or lanceolate, shining (Cordate, large Lanceolate, reticulately veined Cordate, undivided or 3-lobed, large Lanceolate or ovate, beset with silvery scales Lanceolate, with very short petioles Serrate. Ovate or cordate, sometimes lobed Lanceolate, rough, with dots Serrated or entire Oval- acuminate, scabrous Dentate, notched, or otherwise cut at the edges. Variously lobed (one variety deeply lacinaite) Dentate or entire. Glabrous, entire, or toothed at the apex - Entire. Ovate-lanceolate, evergreen, pale green with yellov? spots _ _ _ . _ Elliptic, glabrous, small Lanceolate, shining Ovate, ciliate, shining - - . Roundish, coriaceous, smooth, shining Serrate Oblong, with revolute edges, small Serrate or entire. Wavy, leathery, dark green, shining Deciduous evergreen, or subevergreen. Entire. Undivided, sessile, or sub-sessile, dotted - Lanceolate, downy - - _ Ovate-lanceolate, membranous, glaucous Lanceolate, glabrous - - - - Linear and scale-like, caducous, bark evergreen - Serrate. Ovate-lanceolate, sometimes linear, mostly deci- duous Dentate or entire. Petioles embracing the stems Opposite or alternate, stipulate. Evergreen. Entire. Rhomb-shaped, bearing a mealy powder Opposite or alternate, exstipulate. Deciduous. Entire. Lanceolate, sometimes whorled - Oblong, small-fascicled Deciduous, evergreen, or subevergreen. Entire. Smooth, oval-lanceolate - Rigid, pale green on both sides - Glabrous, shining, sometimes small Linear, more or less 2-rowed - - _ Scale-like, closely imbricated, compressed Scales situated under the joints of the branches Linear, adpressedly imbricate - Scale-shaped, minute, sometimes linear Opposite or alternate, stipulate or exstipulate. Subevergreen. Entire. 3-nerved or feather-nerved, hoary or pilose LEAVES COMPOUND. Alternate, stipulate. Deciduous. Entire. Biternate or bipinnate, strong-smelled Pinnate, 3— 5-foliolate - - - - Trifoliolate, pilose, or pubescent - Symphoeica'bpos . Cepuala'nthus - rrTEx . 178 - Ml - 644 673 - Diervi'll^ - 525 - LONI'CER^ AmsTO-v^LiA - - ^IBU'RNUM - 626 182 - 516 - coria^ria - Chiona'nthus - Peri'ploca Cata'lpa - Bu'ddle Paulo'wn/4 Shephe'kd/^ Bo"rv4 - 146 - 634 - 652 670 - 660 671 700 713 Hydra'ngea I'VA 492 - 848 CPhilade'lphus - 460 465 ^'OER - 79 _ f Decuma'ria - 466 { AV'CUBA 511 - Aza^lea - Philly'rea - ri'NCA . ^u'xos 601 631 - 657 . 703 - Mygi'nd^ . 156 - Ga'rry^ - . 926 fi^YPE'RICUM - ■ t ^ndrosjl'mum Bentha'm/^ - . Leyceste'r/^ . ilGU'STRUM - ■ £'PHEDRA 74 - 77 607 - 543 62S - 937 "1 £uo'nymus 149 . Cl'STUS - - 54 • >4'TRIPLEX - 676 PU^NICA - Nitra'ria - 456 - 467 Co'rnos - Tl'SOUM Da'phne - r J'A'XOS - 'iToRRE'Y^ ■ Thu'ja - . Ca'llitris c'upiie'ssus ■ Juni'perus 501 - 608 686 - 939 943 - 1068 - 1072 - 1073 - 1080 ■ Helia'nthemum . 58 Pieo^siA ■ IS Pte'lea - 143 Adenoga'rpds . 2» ACCORDING TO THEIR LEAVES. .XX. Impari-plnnate - ~ Irapari-pinnate, beset with glands Abruptly pinnate, Jeaflets mucroaate Abruptly pinnate, leaflets 2 pairs Imparl .pinnate, teaflets orbicular Impari-pinnate, stipules small - Pinnate, petioles permanent Abruptly pinnate, and bipinnate, or simple Bipiniiate, 4 — 7 pinnae - - Serrate. Pinnate, 3— IS-foliolate _ _ _ Impari-pinnate, doubly and trebly serrate, very large Dentate, notched, or otherwise cut at the edges. Impaii-pinnate, with ovate leaflets Dentate or serrate. Trifoiiolate, stipules connate Deciduous, evergreen, or subevergreen. Entire. Trifoiiolate, leaflets elliptical-oblong Trifoiiolate, often pubescent Impari-pinnate, glabrous Serrate. Impari-pinnate, stipules attached to the petiole Dentate or serrate. Digitate, pinnate or lobed, rough Aiiemate, exstipulate. Deciduous. Entire. Impari-pinnate, with 11—13 leaflets Impari-pinnate, with 9—11 leaflets Impari-pinuate, leaflets petiolate Impari-pinnate, leaflets oval, pointed Serrate. Trifoiiolate or bipinnate, leaflets ovate Impari-pinnate, 5 — 19 leaflets Impari-pinnate, 5 — 15 leaflets Impari-pinnate, 17 leaflets, sessile Dentate, notched, or otherwise cut at the edges. Palmate, pinnate, or bipinnate Impari-pinnate, teeth glandulous on the under side Evergreen. Dentate or serrate. Pinnate, coriaceous, dark green Deciduous, evergreen, or subevergreen. Entire. Impari-pinnate, reddish green - Conjugate, trifoliate, tendriled Opposite, stipulate. Deciduous Serrate. Pinnate, with compound and partial stipules Dentate, notched, or otherwise cut at the edges. Pinnate, the pinnEe often bi-glandular at the base Dentate or serrate. Pinnately divided, leaflets irregular Opposite, exstipulate. Deciduous. Serrate. Biternate, leaflets oblong lanceolate Impari-pinnate, leaflets nearly sessile, buds black? (One variety has simple leaves, p. 642.) J Impari-pinnate, buds ash-coloured Impari-pinnate, leaflets 7—9, petioles marginate Dentate, notched, or otherwise cut at the edges. Impari-pinnate, 3 — 5 leaflets Palmate, leaflets rough Palmate, leaflets smooth Deciduous, evergreen, or subevergreen. Entire. pinnate, in decussating pairs AUemate or opposite^ stipulate. Subevergreen. Entire. Pinnately cut, hairy LEAVES SIMPLE OR COMPOUND. Alternate, stipulate. Deciduous. Serrate or entire. ' Simple, or unequally pinnate Simple, but sometimes pinnately divided Dentate or serrate. Usually simple, but sometimes pinnately cut Deciduous, evergreen, or subevergreen. Entire. I.anceolate, linear, or trifoiiolate Trifoiiolate or pinnate Amo'rpha Eysenha'rdt/^ CARAGji-UA - Hahmode'ndron Calo'phaca - COLir'TEA -4strk'galus Gleui'tsch/^1 - Gymno'cladus - 23« 232 2a- - 2- 24,, 24(; 246 - 249 255 Xantho'xylum - 142 J AllA'tlA 496 KOLRBUTB^RJX - 134 Ono'nis - 221 Pipta'nthus - Cy'tisus - CORONl'LLA 198 - 213 247 Ro'BK ■ 321 RV^BVS - - 311 SoTBORA VlRGl'L/^ ROBI'N/^ Wist A' R/^ - 195 19- 233 248 Ci'ssus Ju'glans Ca'rya Ptehoca'rya Ml - 732 735 743 AaiPELo'psis AxLA'NTVb 139 145 Maiio^nj^ 50 PtSTAV'IA Bigno'n/.4 - 184 60U Staphyik'a 147 Sambu'cus tilij XANTHORHrZA 19 y/TRA'GENB 16 Fra'xinus - 639 O'HNITS Te-coma Bol 661 Nebvuho jE'sCULL'S Pa'vi^ 122 124 - 128 ^E'MATIB 2 POTENTl'LtA 319 iZHU's Py'rds . 186 417 SvlViM^A. - 299 GWI'STA ./*8MrNUM - - 203 ■ 654 EXPLANATION OF SIGNS, &c. Under the titles of the orders are given signs, intended to show at a glance the general habit at the trees or shrubs described in each order. These signs represent large, small, and middle-sized plants, and are as follows ; the first sign in each row indicating a deciduous tree or shrub, the next an evergreen, and so on alternately : — ]. Round-headed trees; such as the oak, ash, elm, beech, chestnut, &c. De- ciduous and evergreen. i/]y0H05 2. & 3. Spiry-topped or conical trees ; such as the spruce fir, silver fir, larch, pine, deciduous cypress, &c. Deciduous and evergreen. 4. Fastigiate trees ; such as the Lombardy poplar, evergreen cypress, pyramidal oak. Sec. Deciduous and evergreen. 5 Drooping trees ; such as the ireeping willow, weeping elm, &c. 6. Shrubs of the largest size, and also middle-sized shrubs. Deciduous and evergreen, but exclusive of tw. flerSf climbers, trailers, &c. 7- Under-shrubs, or shrubs of the smallest size. Deciduous and evergrptn, but ex- clusive of twiners, trailers, &c. 8. Twining shrubs ; such as the honey- suckle, aristolochia, &c. Deciduous and evergreen. 9. Climbing shrubs ; such as the clematis, ampelopsis, vine, &c. Deciduous and evergreen. 10. Trailing shrubs, the branches of which lie prostrate on the ground, but do not root into it ; such as many species of willow, Cytisus, &c. 11. Creeping shrubs, or such as send up shoots from their creeping roots ; as many species of 5pirae'a, &c. The signs put before each individual species and variety are the same as those used in the Gardener's Magazine, and in the Hortiis Britannicus, viz. 5f Deciduous tree. ^ Evergreen tree. -:lfc Deciduous shrub. * Evprgreen shrub. -±t Deciduous under-shrub. tt. Evergreen under-shrub. ^ Deciduous twiner. %_ Evergreen twiner. _^ Deciduous climber. fi_ Evergreen climber. Accentuations and Indications. -* Deciduous trailer. %^ Evergreen trailer. ^ Deciduous creeper. Srr Evergreen creeper. All the botanic names throughout the Work are accented, and have their origin indicated, as in the Horttis Bn'tnnmms and the Gardener's Magazine. The vowels which are sounded short are marked with an acute accent, thus ('), as A'ceras ; and those which are sounded long are marked with a grave accent, thus C), as A^brus. The origin of each name is indicated thus : if the name has been applied to a plant by the ancients, the first letter is m Italic, as Pinus ; if it is comme- morative ^ some individual, the letters additional to the name are in Italic, as Binksia, Lam- beTtiana, Douglas?/; and if an aboriginal name has been adopted, or if the name is of uncertain derivation the whole word is in Italic, as, Ailanius, Caragdna, &c. Where the name would otherwise be in Italic, as in the case of synonymes, headings to paragraphs, &c., these distinctions are, oi course, reversed, as Vmus, Banks\3., Ailantus. All the other scientific names, generic or specific, are composed from the Greek or Latin, except a very few which are taken from places : as AraucSria, from the country of the Araucanians ; Quercus gramtintia, from the estate of Grammont, &c. * The engraved Figures Are all to the same scale of 2 in. to 1 ft., or one sixth of the natural size ; with the exception of aetails, which,^when given, are generally of the natural size, and indicated by a cross, thus, +. ABRIDGED ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. Trees and shrubs, in common with all other flowering plants, are arranged by botanists in two grand divisions ; viz. the Exogenous, or Dicotyledonous, Plants, the stems of which increase from without, and the leaves of which have reticulated veins ; and the Endogenous, or Monocotyledonous, Plants, the stems of which increase from within, and the leaves of which have parallel veins. The first class includes all the hardy trees and shrubs in Britain, with the exception of shrubs of the genera Yucca, Smilax, iiuscus, and one or two others, which belong to the second class. We shall arrange the genera and species under the same subdivisions, subclasses, sections, orders, and tribes, as we have adopted from DeCandoUe in our Hortus Britannicus. Class I. EXO'GEN^. Stems ina-eaimgjTom without ; L,eaves with reticulated Veins, Subdivision I. DICHLAMY'DEiE. Calyx and Corolla distinct, hy which they are distingvished from Subdivision II., in which the flowers have only a calyx. It is in consequence of this high developement of the floral envelopes, that the greater part of handsome-flowering trees and shrubs are found in Dichla- mydeas, it rarely happening that those with a single floral envelope have any brilliant colouring. Subclass I. THALAMIFLO^RJE. Flowers wi/h Petals and Stamens inserted in the Receptacle This subclass contains all the Polyandrous plants of Linnaaus ; as the sub- class Calyciflorae, in which the stamens are seated on the calyx, contains all the plants of the Linnaean class Icosandria. Section I. Carpella, that is, the component Parts of compound Capsules or Fruits, numerous; or the Stamens placed opposite the Petals. Order I. T^ANUNCULATE^. The Diagnostic, or Distinctive, Character, or, as we shall term it, the Ordinal Character, of this order, is thus given by Dr. lAnAley:—" Polypetalovs, 5 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. with hypogynous staviens [that is, stamens under the pistil] ; anthers bursting by longitudinal slits ; several distinct simple carpella [fruits] ; exstipulate haves, sheathing at their base ; solid albumen ; and seeds without arillus." (iVai. Syst., p. 6.) — Climbing shrubs scarcely woody, and low suffruticose bushes. Natives of Europe, Asia, and North America. Leaves generally alternate, but sometimes opposite, generally exstipuiate; deciduous, or evergreen ; much divided, especially in Clematis, in which the leaves are not articulate with the stem. The petioles often serve as tendrils ; and are dilated at the base, forjuing a sheath half-clasping the stem. Hairs if any, simple. Inflorescence small in Xanthorhiza, and some species of Clematis, and large in Pxonia. Seeds small and pointed, except in PsEOnia. — The species in British gardens are included in two tribes, Clematldeae and PsdonidcecE, which contain the genera Clematis, ..^tragene, Pxonia, and Xanthorhiza. Tribe I. Clemati'de^e. Tribal Character. Climbers, characterised by having the Eestivation of the calyx valvate or induplicate ; with no petals, or with the petals flat ; the anther opening outwards ; the carpels, or seed-vessels, not opening, one- seeded, terminated by a tail, which is the indurated style. Seed pendulous. Leaves opposite. Deciduous and evergreen climbers. — The genera are two. Clematis and ^tragene, which are thus contradistinguished : — Clb'matis L. Petals none. .^tra'gbne L. Petals several. Genus 1. \\ [/J E l/l "^ CLE'MATIS L. The Clematis, or Virgin's Bon'Eit. Lin. Syst. Poly. fendria Polygynia, Identification. The word Klematis was, as well as Atrastene, used bv Theoohrastus to desienatp Synoni/mes. Ladies' Bower Gerard; Clematite, Fr. ; Waldrebe, Ger. ■ Clematide Itat Derivation. The word Clematis, or Klematis, is derived from the Greek word klemk a tmall branch of a vine i and it is applied to this genus, because most of the plants composing it climb like a vine. The English name of Ladies' Bower was probably adopted from its suitablenVsB for covering bowers , and, as the first kind of clematis broueht to England {C V tclua) was intro- duced in 1569, during the reign of Elizabeth, the name of Virgin's Bowetmighi be ntemed to convey a compliment to that sovereign, who, as it is well known, liked to be called the Virgin Queen. Waldrebe is compounded of wald, a wood, and rebe, the branch of a vine. Generic Charcfcter. Involucre none, or situated under the flower, in the form of a calyx. Ca/yx of from four to eight coloured sepals. Petals none Car- pels numerous, aggregate, terminated by a long, and mostly feathery tail — Climbing shrubs, with variously cut opposite leaves. The" recent herb of all the species IS acrid, and when applied to the skin, it occasions blisters. {Don s Mill.) The seed is pendulous, and the carpels are one seeded ■ each IS terminated by a persistent style, and does not open until ruptured by the germination of the seed. Leaves compound, opposite in decussating pairs, without stipules, deci- duous or evergreen ; the petiole possessed of a clasping power for attachino the plant to contiguous bushes, or similar objects; in all the species, raor? or less persistent after they are decayed. Flowers in axillary ramose panicles- small and white in some, and in others larger and highly coloui-ed Seed I. ieANUNCULA^CE^ : CLE'mATIS. 3 small, seldom seen divested of its envelope, as that never bursts till after it is committed to the soil. — The species are included in four sections ; viz. Flaramula, ViticcUa, Cheiropsis, and jlnemoniflora. Root strong ; the fibres rather straight, and not very much branched ; ex- tended in the soil rather horizontally than perpendicularly. Stem hgneous, not rigid enough to stand erect. Branches the same, and slender. Well adapted for covering bowers, or for ornamenting verandas or trelliswork. The greater number of the species ripen their seeds in England, and are easily propagated by them, or by layers. The seeds retain their vitality for several years ; they are of slow vegetation, and ought to be sown as soon as gathered, in which case they will generally come up the following spring; though, some- times, not till the second spring. All the species require support by piops of some kind ; and all, with one or two exceptions, grow freely in any soil that is tolerably dry, but more especially in one that is calcareous. From the acridity of these plants, they are not very liable to be attacked by insects ; nevertheless, snails and slugs are occasionally found eating their young herbage. § i. Flammula Dec. / Sectional Character. Involucre wanting. Tail of the carpels long, bearded and featherv. Cotyledons distinct (that is, slightly separated) in the seed. (Don's Mifl., i. p. 3.) Deciduous. -I 1. Cle'matis Fla msiula Z/. The in&ammaxovy-juiced Clematis, or sweet-scented Virgin's Bower* Identification. Lin. Sp., 766. ; Dec. Prod., I. p. 2. Don's Mill., 1. p. 4. Synonymes. C. Orens Gerard ; C-*maritinia All. Fed. ; C. suavdolens Salisb. Prod. ; C. paniculata Tkun. ; Clematite odorante, Fr. ; scharfe Waldrebe, Ger. Derivation. Frotajlammare. to inflame; on account of the blistering qualities of ti'e species. Engravings. Park. Theat., p. 381. f. 3. ; and oixr Jig. 1. Specific Character and abridged Description. Leaves pinnate, smooth : with orbicular, oval, oblong, or linear, entire or three- lobed, acutish leaflets. (Don's Mill.) A deciduous climber. South of Europe ; in hedges and waste bushy places, not far from the sea, and in soils more or less calcareous. Height 10 ft. to 15 ft. Introduced in 1596. Flowers white, sweet-scented ; July to October. Fruit white ; ripe in October. Leaves deep green, often remaining on the plants till mid-winter, and dying off black. Varieties and their Synonymes. The most distinct is C. F. marltima ; the rest are of httle importance. 1. C. F.2 rotundifoliaDec. C.fragrans Tenore. — Leaflets almost orbicu- lar. I C. F. 3 maritima Dec. — Leaflets linear. S C. F. 4: rubella Dec. — Leaflets oval, usually emarginate. Sepals four, reddish on the outside. B 2 Clematis Pl&minula* ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. S C. F. 5 ccEspitosa Dec. C. caespitosa Scop., C. Fldmmula Bertol. — Leaflets minute, entire or cut. 1 C. F.& paniculdta. C. paniculata Thun. — Plowers with the peduncles simple. A vigorous-growing plant, the stems of which rapidly attain the length of from 15 ft. to 30 ft. in a state of culture. The leaves are subject to much variation, from soil, situation, and climate. The peduncles of the flowers are sometimes simple, and sometimes branched. The colour of the sepals is white, slightly pubescent on their exterior margins. The whole plant has a dark green hue; and in autumn it is abundantly covered with flowers, the odour of which is of a honied sweetness, exceedingly disagreeable to some persons when near, though at a distance it is not unlike the fragrance of the common hawthorn. From the rapidity of its growth, it will in four or five years cover a very large space of wall, roof, or bower. Its herbage is con- sidered less acrid than that of any other of the European species, notwith- standing its name of Flimmula. i. 2. C. OBiENTA^Lis L. The Oriental Clematis. Identiflcalion. Lin. Sp., 765. ; Dec. Prod., 1. p. 3. ; Don's Mill., 1. p. 4. SyTwnymes. Flammula scandens apil folio g\siUco, Dill. EWi. 144.; C. fl&va Mcench. Metk. ^S6. ; the Eastern, or yellow-iiowered, Virgin's Bower ; C. gladca Willd. ; C. ochroleQca Hort. ; Clfematite orientaVe, Fr, ; Morgenlandische Waldrebe, Ger, Engravings. Dill. Elth., t. 119. f. 145. ; and a\iTfig.2. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves pinnate ; leaflets smooth, wedge-shaped, with three toothed pointed lobes. (Don's Mill.) A decidu- ous climber. Levant and Cau- casus. Height 10 ft. to 15 ft. Introduced in 1731. Flowers greenish yellow slightly tint- ed with russet,sweet-scented; July, August. Fruit white ; ripe in October. Leaves somewhat glaucous, dying oflT black or dark-brown. Varieties. C. glauca Willd. and C. ochroleuca Hort. are, by some, alleged to be varieties of C. orientalis ; but we do not consider them sufficiently distinct for varieties, and have, therefore, included these names in our synonymes. The general magnitude of this species resembles that of C. Flammula, from which it differs in its ulterior branches being more persistently ligneous, though the main stem in old plants is seldom seen so thick as that of C, Flammula. It is also distinguished from the latter species by throwing up suckers freely, which the other does not. Its leaflets are glaucous, flat, large as compared with those of C. Flammula ; and it '■ °'">"' "'imtwu. does not produce flowers so profusely as that species. The flowers are yeJ- I. BANUNCULA^CEiE : CLE'mATIS. lowish, and not so strongly scented ; and the carpels are dissimilar, though still cottony in appearance when the seed is ripe. -t 3. C. chine'nsis Retz. The Chinese Clematis. Identification. Hetz. Obs., 2. p. 18. ; Dec. Syst., 1. p. 137.; Don't Mill., 1. p. 4. Synont/me. C. sinensis Lour. coch. 1. p. 422. Engraving. Out Jig. 3. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves pinnate ; leaflets ovate-lanceolate, quite entire. Pedun- cles few-flowered, longer than the leaves. Ovaries usually four, with almost naked tails. (Don's MiU.) A deciduous climber. China, in the island called Danes. Height 10ft. to 15 fl:. Introduced in ] 820. Flowers?. Leavespur- plish green, retained till rendered black by frost. A plant in the Hor- ticultural Society's Garden, grows vigor- ously against a wall, producing shoots as long and strong as those of C. Flammu- la; and retaining its leaves till they are blackened by frost. It has never flowered; but, in its leaves and its general appear- ance, it seems to re- semble C. orientalis, except that the leaves are of a dark pur- plish green, instead of being glaucous. -t 4. C. Vita'lba L. The White- Vine Clematis, or Travellei-'s Joy. Identification. Lin. Sp., 766. ; Dec. Prod., 1. p. 3. ; Smith's Eng. Fl., 3. p.39. ; Don's Mill, I. p. 4. Simonymes. Athragene Tlieoph. ; Utis sylvtatris Dim. ; C. latiRllia sen Atrigeae Ray ; C. Altera Matth. ; C. tertia Com. ; Vioma Ger. and Lob. ; Htis nigra Fuch. ; Vitftlba Dod. ; tlie Old Man's Beard, Bindwitli, the common Virgin's Bower, the wild Climber, the gre.it wild Climber ; Clematite brulante, Clematite des Haies, I'Herbe aux Gueux, la Viome des Pauvres, Fr. ; ge meine Waldrebe, Ger. Derivation. Because of its " decking and adorning the ways and hedges where people travel," says Gerard, " I have named it the traveller's joy." The name of Old Man's Beard is very appropriate to the white and hairry appearance of the tails of the carpels ; andBindwith, from the shoots being used instead of those of willows for tying up plants. White Vine is supposed to sQlude to the white ap- : pearance of the tails of the carpels < in autumn. The French name of Cl^atite brulante has reference to the acrid properties of the plant ; and Clgmatite des Haies to its growing generally in hedges. The name of I'Herbe aux Gueux refers to the em- ployment of it by the beggars in France, who use it to makes ulcers in their arms and legs, tor thepurpose of exciting compassion, curing them- selves afterwards by the application of the leaves of the beet. La Viome des Pauvres alludes to-the same practice, Viome being evidently derived from Vi6ma. Engraving'. Jacq. Austr., 4. t. 308. ; Eng. Bot., 612. ; and our,/%».4. & S. Spec Char., Sfc. Leaves pinnate; leaflets ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, cordate ^ ' B 3 3. Clematis chin £nsis. 4. Clematis Vitalba. ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. at the base, partly cut. Peduncles forked, shorter than the leaves. {Dony Mill.) A deciduous climber of vigorous growth. Europe and Britain, in hedges and copses, always indicating a calcareous soil. Height 15 ft. to 30 ft.; in rich soil, and in a sheltered situation, 30 ft. to 100 ft. Flowers white; August, September. Fruit white; ripe from October to February. Leaves long retained, and dying off black or dark brown. The stems are woody, more so than those of any other species, an- gular, climbing to the height of 20 or 30 feet, or upwards, and hanging down from rocky cliffs, ruins, or the branches of trees; or being supported by, and forming tufts on, the upper surface of other shrubs or low trees, which they often so completely cover as to have the appearance of bushes at a distance. The footstalks of the leaves are twined about what- ever object they approach, and after- wards become hard and persistent, like the tendrils of a vine. The leaflets are either quite entire, or unequally cut ; sometimes very coarsely so. The panicles are axillary and terminal, many- flowered and downy. The flowers are of a greenish white colour, with little show ; but they have a sweet almond-like scent. The seeds {Jig. 5.) have long, wavy, feathery, and silky tails, forming beautiful tufts, most conspicuous in wet weather. The French gardeners use the twigs instead of withs, for tying up their plants ; and make very neat baskets of them when peeled, and also bee- hives. The twigs are in the best state for making these articles in winter; and their flexibility is increased by holding them to the fire before using them. In gardens and plantations the plant is valuable for the rapidity with which it may be made to cover naked walls, unsightly roofs of sheds, or low buildings and arbours ; and for a variety of similar purposes. 3. Fruit of C. Vitalba. 1 5. C. viRGiNiA^NA L. The Virginian Clematis. Identification. Linn. Amcen., p. 275. ; Dec. Prod., 1. p. 4. ; Don's Mill., 1. p. 5. ; Tor. and Gray, 1. p. 8. Synonym^s. C. canadensis trifuTia ripens Tourn. ; C. canadensis Milt. Diet. No. 5., Salisb. Prod. 371. i C coTdifblia Mm figs. 24. and 25. Fig. 25. is from the plant in the Hort. Soc. Garden, and fig. 24. from a specimen of that at Montreal, Kent. Spec. Char., ^c. Peduncles 1-flowered, not bracteated, several together. Leaves ternately parted, the segments ovate-oblong, acuminate, toothed, the teeth in the mode of incisions. Sepals elUptic-oblong, mueronulate, spread- ing. (D. Don.) A deciduous climber. Himalayan Mountains at SOOO ft. to 7000 ft. elevation. Height 10 ft. to 15 ft., or in sheltered situations 30 ft. to 30 ft. Introduced in 1831. Flowers vphite ; April in Nepal, May in England. Fruit white ; ripe in August. Decaying foliage brown, and dropping more freely than in most of the other kinds. A highly ornamental species. The plant is large and branching ; the bark thick, ash-coloured, and de- ciduous. Leaves numerous, pale green. Flowers numerous, about the size and form of those of Anc- mone sylv&tris L., borne several together, each upon a separate, upright, slender peduncle, about 3 in. long. Sepals % 1 in. long, pure white, faintly stained with , pink outside at the base. Styles clothed with long white silky hairs ; from which it may be inferred that this species will have its fi-uits terminated with feathery tails, in a state of maturity. In the climate of England it proves to be quite hardy, and seems to flourish as well as on its native mountains. It grows with great vigour m a loamy soil, flowers profusely early in the season, and is readily increased by layers. A very desirable species. Other Species of Clematis. — There are several other species of Clematis described in books, some of them as introduced, and others as not yet in cultivation in Britain ; but we have refrained from describing any species of which we have not seen living plants. In Torrey and Gray's Flora pf North Amenca, C. hulosericea Pursh, C. Mgusticifolia Nutt., C. Drumrnondn Tor. ^ Gray, C. parmflora Nutt., C. las^mniha Nutt., C. lineanloba Dec., and C. Pitcheri Tor. 4- Gray, are described as woody species, none of which, even by name, are yet in British gardens. Q.pubescens, yitifdha, Buchamana, and some others, mentioned by Drs. Wallich and Royle, are yet to introduce from the Himalayas; and there are several names m DeCandolles Prodromua of which living plants are not in our gardens. 24. Clhm.tis momtma. 25. Clematis inont.n 16 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRrTANNICUM. Genus II. i^TRA'GENE L. The Atragene. Lin. Syst. Polyandria Polyg/nia. 2(leni0cation. Lin Gen., p. 615. ; Don's Mill., 1. p. 10. Syrumymes. Clematis Lam, and Dec. ; Atragene, Fr. and Ger. Derivation. The name of..4tr^gene appears to be taken from two Greek words ; athros, pressed, and ^eraos, birth ; alluding, as it is supposed, to the manner in which the branches press against or clasp the trees that support them. It was first used by Theophrastus, and was by him applied to (Clematis Vit&lba L. Gen. Char. Involucre none. Sepals 4, somewhat induplicate in the bud. Petah numerous, shorter than the sepals. Cariopsides (carpels) terminated by a bearded tail. Cotyledons approximate in the seed. (Don's Mill.) Leaves compound, opposite, generally exstipulate, deciduous ; leaflets variously cut. Flowers axillary, pedunculate ; purple, blue, or white. Climbing shrubs, natives of Europe and North America. The atragenes differ from the clematises in producing leaves and one flower from the same bud contemporaneously; whereas in most clematises the flowers are produced upon wood developed previously to their appearance, and during the same season. Hence the winter buds of Atragene are larger than those of Clematis, from their including the flower as well as the leaves of the succeeding year. In atragenes the leaves are less divided than in many of the species of Clematis, and they are always divided ternately. All the species of Atragene described in this work have petioles, which not only clasp objects, like those of Clematis, but maintain the hold for more than the season, like the vine. All extremely interesting from the beauty of their blossoms. The culture is the same as in Clematis, and the propagation generally by layers. 1 1. .4tra'gene alpi^na L. The Alpine Atragene. Identification. Lin. Sp., 764. ; Don's Mill., 1. p. 10. Synonytn^s. Clematis cserDlea Bauk. ; .,4tragene austrlaca Scop, and Bot. Mag. j j^ftrSgene clema- tldes Crantx \ Clematis alplna Mill. Diet. No. 9. ; C. alplna Dec. Prod. 1. p. 10. ; Atragi;ne des Alpes, Fr.'t Alpen Atragene, Ger. Engravings. Bot. Rep., 1. 180. j Bot. Mag., t. 530. ; and ourj^ 26. Spec. Char., ^c. Peduncles ] -flowered, longer than the leaves. Leaves biternate ; leaflets ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, serrate. Petals somewhat spathulate, blunt. (Don's Mill.) A deciduous climber. South of Europe, on mountains, in calcareous soils. Height 8 ft. Introduced in 1792. Flowers blue ; May to July. Fruit white ; ripe in August. Decaying leaves brownish, and in general parting more freely from the stems than in Clematis. Varieties. DeCandolle mentions its vai'ying with white flowers; and j4. siblrica Lin., described below as a species with yellowish white flowers, appears to us nothing more than a variety of A. alpina. The stems are numerous, branching, weak, forming knots at the joints where the leaves and flowers are protruded. One flower, on a longish scape, springs from between the leaves. The sepals are twice the length of the petals, and are blue on both sides. The petals are small, of a dirty white, and in general 12 in number. Very orna- mental. Layers. 26. Atragene alpin I. flANUNcULA'ci!..«: : ^tka'gene. 17 1 2. A. (a.) sibi'rica L. l lie Siberian Atragene. Identification. Sims, Bot. Mag., t 1951 . ; Don's Mill., 1 p. 10 ^^7SS.N^1.fandZ.^.;:™i.?r/{.tlo'- ''■''''■• ^'"'•^''"•■^-■^- P-».i Clematis siblnca Engravings. Sims, Bot. Mag., t. 1951. ; and our.A^. 27. Spec. Char., i^c. Peduncles l-flowered, almost equal in length with the leaves. Leaves biternate ; leaflets oblong-lanceolate, acuminated, serrated Petals emarginate at the apex. (Don's Mill.) A deciduous climber feibena, on mountains. Height 6 ft. to 12 ft. Introduced in 1753. Flowers white ; June and July. Fruit white ; ripe in August. Decaying leaves brownish. Variety. A blue-flowered variety of this species is men- tioned in Sot. Mag., t. 1591., which is probably the A. ochot^nsis of P^las, or possibly nothing more than A. alpina L. There is a considerable similarity in this to the last, in foliage and habit of growth; but it is less robust and less branchy ; its branches are more ligneous-looking, and the segments of the leaves longer. The calyxes of the flower are white, longer, and with the tips rather con- nivent than spreading. The bark and foliage are of a lighter colour, and the flowers longer than those of A. alpina ; and the latter are perhaps less numerous. Avcigene ( a .) siWrica. -6. 3. A. AMERICA^NA Slms, The American Atnigene. Identification. Sims, in Bot. Mag., t 887. ; Don's Mill., 1. p. 10. Synonyme. Clematis verticill^ris Bee. Prod. 1. p. 10., Tor. ^ Gray, I. p 10. Engravings. Bot. Mag., 887. ; and oar fig. 28. Spec. Char., S^c. Peduncles l-flowered ; leaves whorled, in fours, ternate ; leaflets stalked, cordate lanceolate, acuminated, entire or somewhat lobed or serrated. Petals acute. (Don's Mill.) A deciduous climber. Ver- mont to Carohna, on mountains and rocky places. Height 10 it. to 15 ft. Introduced in 1797. Flowers purplish blue ; May to July. Fruit white ; ripe ?. Decaying leaves dark brown. Variett/. -i A. a. 2 obliqua Dou. MS. — Leaflets bluntly serrated. This species is distinguishable from all the other Clema- tide£E described in this work, by the peculiarity of its leaves being disposed, not oppositely in alternately decussating pau^, but in whorls of four. This is an anomalous cha- racteristic, which DeCandoUe has expressed by his specific epithet verticillaris. The flowers are very large, and cam- panulate. Sepals oblong-lanceolate, bright purplish blue. jg. Aaigme ^m!iii.i. (Tor. and Gray.) Layers. Other Species and Vaiieties of Atragene. — A. ochotensis Pall, we consider as a variety of A. sibirica L. A. columbiana Nutt., C, columbiana Tor. 4' Gray, i. p. 11., has ternate leaves, and pale blue flowers smaller than those o{ A, ameri- cana. It is a native of the Rocky Mountain.s, but has not yet been introduced. Tribe II. Pmosia^ce^ Dec. Trib. Char. At once distinguishable from Clemattdeae, by the character of the anthers opening to admit the escape of the pollen on the side next the ovaries. In Clematldeae, the anthers open on the side outward to the ovaries. The aestivation is also imbricate, and the carpels from one-seeded c 18 ARBORETUM ET FRUTZCETUM BRITANNICUM. to many-seeded. Suffruticose deciduous shrubs, of low growth, natives o( temperate climates. Leaves compound, alternate or opposite, stipulate, deciduous, but with- out possessing a clasping power. Floiuers very large in Pseonia, very small in Xanthorhiza ; and tlie following are the distinctive characteristics of these genera : — Pmo^kia L. Sepals persistent. Petals orbicular, sessile. Xanthobhi'za L. Sepals deciduous. Petals 2-lobed, unguiculate. Genus I. PMO^'i^IA L. The P^eony. Lin. Syst. Polyandria Di-Pentagy'nia. Identification. The term Pa?onia was applied by the Greeks to these plants, which have continued to bear that name ever since. Synonymes. Peony, Piony ; Pivoine, Fr.\ Gichtterrose, and Paonie, Ger.\ Rosa del Monte, Span.; Peonia, Jtat. Derivation. The term Pseonia is generally said to have been given by Hippocrates and Diosco- rides, in commemoration of Pffion, tlie physician who first used it in medicine ; but Professor Dfjn thinks it more probable that it is derived from PiEOnia, a mountainous country of Macedonia, wiiere some of the species grow wild. Gichtterrose, Ger., signifies the gouty rose, from the knobby or gouty appearance of the roots of the herbaceous species. Gen. Char. Calyx of 5 leafy, unequal, permanent sepals. Petals from 5 to 10, somewhat orbicular. Stamens numerous. Disk fleshy, girding the ovaries. Carpels follicular, from 2 to 6, large, many-seeded, terminated with thick bilamellate stigmas. Seeds rather globose, shining. Leaves compound, alternate, biternate or bipinnate. Flowers large, rosy, or rosy and white, usually v/ith a strong disagreeable smell. A suffruticose shrub. Height from 3 ft. to 10 ft. Native of China and Japan. There is but one ligneous species, P. Moutan ; but there are several varieties ; all undei'shrubs, which never attain a great height, and the wood of which always retains a herbaceous character, with a large pith. The roots are ramose rather than tuberous. The whole plant is narcotic and poisonous. The varieties are all beautiful, and hardy in most parts of Great Britain ; though, from vegetating early, they commonly suffer from spring frosts. at 1. P. Mou'tan Sims. The Moutan, or Tree, P^ony. Identification. Sims, Bot. Mag., t. 1154. ; Dec. Prod., 1. p. 65. ; Don's Mill., 1. p. 65. Bynonymes. Psebnz'd arbbrea Bonn Hort. Can. ; P. suflruticbsa Bot. Bep. ; Pivoine Moutan, and Pivoine en Arbre, Fr. ; baumartige Gichtterrose, Ger. ; Hoa Ouang, and Pe-Leang-Kin, Chinese. Derivation. The word Moutan has been applied to this species of pfflony, in China, for above 1400 years. P. arburea and P. suffrutic&sa signify the tree and the sub-shrubbv pseony. The German name signifies the tree-like gouty rose. The Chinese name Hoa-Ouang signifies the king of flow- ers, alluding to the beauty of the plant : and Pe-Leang-Kin, a hundred ounces of gold, in allusion to the high price which some of the varieties bear in China. Spec. Char., Sfc. Segments of leaves oval-oblong, glaucous underneath. Car- pels 5, villose. {Bon's Mill.) A deciduous suffrutesceut bush. China. Height 3 ft. to 6 ft. Introduced in 1787. Flowers pink; May. Fruit brownish green ; ripe in September. Decaying leaves brown or black. Varieties. * P. M. 1 papnveracea Andrews, Bot. Rep., t. 463. ; Lod. Bot. Cab., 54,7.; Bot. Mag., 3173. ; and our^g. 29. — Petals from 8 to 13, white, with a purple spot at the base of each. Capsules altogether enclosed in the urceolus, or disk. In- troduced in 1805. Professor Don remarks (Sw. Br. FL- ..„ „„.,„,„ k,,,,, , I. AANUNCULaVejE : XANTHORHI'ZA. 19 Gar., 2d ser., 238.) that P. M. papaverlicea. appears to be really the normal form of the species, as the late Mr. Cxeorge Anderson si'Sgested in his paper on tne subject in the Linnafan Transactions, vol. xii. Si P. M. 2 BanksM Andrews. Bot. Rep., t. 448. ; Bot. Reg., 379. ; Bot. Mag., t. II o-t. ; and oyiTJlg. 30. — Flowers double. Petals slightly tinged with blush, becoming nearly white at the edges, marked at the base with pur- plish red. In the centre of the flower are some elongated petals, which sometimes appear to rise from amongst the germens. Cultivated in 1787. Other Varieties. Upwards of twelve are described in the first edition of this work, and the number is continually increasing, in consequence of cross fe- '"■ '''=■'"" "'»''''"» Bii"k>ii. cundation with one another, and with the herbaceous species. They are all very beautiful, and well deserving of cultivation. The Paedni'a Moutan, in a sheltered situation, will attain the height of from G ft. to 10 ft. in ten years: and no plant can be a more gorgeous ornament of the garden than such a bush, abounding as it does in leaves striking from their branched character and numerous segments, and in very magnificent flowers of extraordinary size ; both leaves and flowers being produced early in the spring. On its first importation, this plant was grown in sandy peat ; but it has since been found to thrive best in deep rich loamy soil. An open situation is preferable, both on account of maturing the wood and leaves, and for displaying the flowers to advantage ; but the plant must be sheltered from the cold spring winds, unless it is intended to cover it, when it is in flower, with a movable glass or canvass case. The protection given to this plant is necessary, not so much to prevent it from being injured during winter (for it will bear the winters of Paris without any protection, if the wood has been properly ripened), as to protect the tender leaves and flowers when they first appear, in April and May, from being blackened by the frost. Seeds are frequently produced from which new varieties are raised, and any variety may be increased by division of the root; by grafting on the tubers of herba- ceous paeonies, any time from the middle of September to the middle of , March ; by budding, a mode said to be practised by the Chinese ; by layers, which is the most general mode ; by ringing a branch beneath each bud, and then pegging down the branch, and covering it with soil ; and by cuttings. The details of these modes of propagation will be found in the first edition of this work. Gknus II. Lss. XANTHORHrZA L. The Yellow-Root. Lin. Syst. Polyandria Mono-Tri-gynia. Gen. Char. Calyx of S deciduous sepals. Petals 5, of two roundish lobes raised on a pedicel. Stamens 5-10. Ovaries 5-10. Carpe/s 2— 3-seeded, but usually solitary from abortion. (Don's Mill., i. p. 65.) — There is only one species known. Leaves compound, opposite, stipulate, deciduous; pinnately divided, toothed, and serrated. Flowers in racemes, axillary, compound, appearmg with the leaves. c 2 20 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. J* 1. X. /(piifo'lia VHent. The Parsley-Iesived Yellow- Root, IdmtljUation. L'Hov. Stirp. nov., p.79. t. 38. ; Dec. Proil., i. p. 65. ; Don's Mill., 1. p. 65. ; Tor. and Gray, 1. p. 40. Synonymes. Xauthorhlza uplifdlia ; Zanthorise k Feuilles de Persjl, Fr. ; Sellerie-blattrige Gelb- wurz, Ger. Derivation. From the Greek words xanthos, yellow, and rhiza^ a root; applied from_ the deep yellow colour of the roots. The French name needs no explanation ; and the German is a literal translation of the English one. Engravings. Lanr. 111., t. 854. ; Bot. Mag., 1736. ; and onr fig. 31. Spec. Char., ^c. Flowers minute, dark purjjle, often by aboi-tion polygamous. A low, siiffnitesceiit, deciduous shrub. Flowers dark purple; May. Height 2 ft. to 3 ft. Pennsylvania. Introduced in ] 776. Decaying leaves yellowish or brown, dropping in September. A small shrub with yellow creeping roots, which attain a large size, and throw up numerous suckers; with irregularly pinnate leaves, branched racemes, and small purplish flowers (which are usually unisexual ^ from abortion) rising from the scaly buds. The flowers appear early in May, and continue a month or upwards before they drop off. We have never heard of its ripening seeds in Europe ; nevertheless, this may have occurred, and been overlooked, from the inconspi- cuousness of the shrub, and the smallness oi its fruit. Suckers, or division of the root. ■"■ x-.h.rhiza <.piif6iia. Order II. WmTERA'CEjE. Ordinal Character. Calyx of 2 — 6 deciduous sepals, and 2 to many petals ; the sepals and petals, when more than two, disposed ternately. Carpels whorled, very rarely solitary from abortion. — Evergreen shrubs, or low trees, chiefly natives of warm climates. Leaves simple, alternate, stipulate, evergreen ; full of pellucid dots, and coriaceous. Properties aromatic and stimulant. IlUcium is the only genus of this order which contains species that will stand out in the open air in Britain. Genus I. ILLI'CIUM L. The Illicium. or Aniseed Tree. Lin. Si/st. Polyandria Polygjnia. Identification. Lin. Gen., 611. ; Tor. and Gray, 1. p. 42. j Dec. Prod., 1. p. 77. ; Don's Mill., 1. p. 78. Synonymes. Badiane, or Anis-etoile, Fr. ; Sternanis, G§r. Derivation. The generic name Illicium is formed from the Latin word iliicio, to allure, on account of the agreeable aromatic smell of all the species. It is called the Aniseed Tree, from its smell bearing a strong resemblance to that of aniseed. Badiane appears to be an aboriginal French word ; Anis-etoile, and Sternanis, signify literally the starry anise, and may allude to the starry disposition of the parts of the flower and of the capsules. Gen. Char. Calyx of 3-6 petal-like sepals. Carpels stellately disposed, cap- sular, opening on the upper side, 1-seeded. (^Don's Mill., i. p. 79.) • 1. Illi'cium floeida~num Ellis. The Florida IlUcium. Identification. Lin. Mant., 395. ; Dec. Prod., 1. p. 77. ; Don's Mill., 1. p. 79. SynonyTues. The Florida Aniseed Tree, red-flowered Anise-seed Tree, Mor. Hist. : Badiane de la Floride, Fr. \ unachter (spurious) Sternanis, Ger. Engravings. Bot. Mag., 439. ; Lod. Bot. Cab., t. 209. ; and our^. 32. Spec. Char., ^c. Petals 27 — 30, dark purple, outer ones oblong, inner ones lanceolate. {Don's Mill.} An evergreen glabrous shrub. West II. WINTEIM'Cfi^: ILLI'CIUM. 21 Florida to Louisiana, in swamps. Height 4 ft. to 6 ft. Introduced in 1766. Flowers dark reddish purple, with the odour of anise ; April to June. Fruit none in England. Decaying leaves reddish brown, dropping in June. A compact, many-stemmed, bushy, ever- green, slow-growing shrub, attaining, in the neighbourhood of London, the height of 6 or 8 feet or upwards, and flowering every year. The leaves are oblong-lanceolate, quite entire, pointed at both extremities, smooth, shining, and, in common with the whole plant, have a rich reddish hue. The flowers are numerous, solitary, and terminal ; and bear some general resemblance to those of Calycanthus floridus. The manner in which the plant is propagated in the London nurseries is, generally, by form- ing stocis of.it in a cold-pit, and laying down the shoots, which require two years to root sufficiently to admit of their being separated from the parent plant ; but it is sometimes propagated by cuttings both of the young and of the old wood. This verj' handsome ever- green shrub is sufficiently hardy to have re- sisted the winter of 1837-8, in several situations in the cUmate of London. IIHcium floricUinuni. Order III. MAGNOLZ^CEvS. Ord. Char. Calyx of 3 deciduous sepaLs. Corolla of 3 — 12 petals, dis- posed in threes. Anthers adnate, elongated. Carpets numerous, disposed along a spiked axis. Leaves destitute of pellucid dots, stipulate when young. Stipules convolute, and enclosing the unexpanded leaves. — Evergreen and deciduous trees and shrubs, chiefly natives of warm climates. Leaves simple, alternate, stipulate, evergreen or deciduous ; oblong, not dotted, more or less coriaceous, articulated distinctly with the stem, and, when expanding, rolled together like those of i^icus. Flowers large, mostly white or yellowish. Seeds roundish, large, red or brown. — The species hardy in British gardens are included under the genera Magnol/a and Liriodendron, the differential characters of which are as follows : — Magno^l/>j L. Carpel dehiscent ; that is, opening to admit the escape of the seed. Liriode'ndron L. Carpel indehiscent ; that is, not opening to admit the escape of the seed. Genus I. MAGNO^L/.^ L. The Magnolia. Liji. Syst. Polyandria Polygynia. Identification. Lin. Gen., 690. ; Dec. Prod., 1. p.79. ; Don's Mill., I. p. 82. Synonymes. Magnolie, Fr. and Jtal. ; Bieberbaum Hart., and Magnolie JVilld.^ Ger. t>erivation. Tile name Magnblza was given to this genus by Linnsus, in honour of Pierre Magnol. professor of medicine, and prefect of the botanic garden at IMontpelier. The German name Bieberbaum, beaver wood, is applied generically by Hartweg in the Hortus CarUruhcnsis ; but, in America, Beaver-wood appears to be applied only to M. glauca. c 3 22 AUBORETUM ET FUUTICETDM BIUTANNICUM. Gen. Char. Calyx of 3 deciduous sepals, tliat resemble petals. Corolla ol from 6 — 9 petals. Stamens numerous. Pisfik numerous. Carpels disposed compactly m spikes, opening by the external angle, 1 — 2-seeded, permanent. Seeds baccate, somewhat cordate, pendulous, hanging out beyond the car- pels by a vei-y long umbilical white thread. Leaves simple, alternate, stipulate, deciduous or evergreen; entire, large, oblong or oval, stipulate. Flowers terminal, solitary, large, odoriferous. Seed large, roundish, produced in conical strobiles. Trees and shrubs, natives of North America and Asia. One of the species is a lofty evergreen tree ; but the others are decidu- ous, and partly trees and partly shrubs. The seeds are mostly of a scarlet colour. The roots are branched, and yet but sparingly suppHed with fibres. Magnolias may be cultivated in most parts of Britain, and of the middle and southern states of Europe ; but, north of London and Paris, some of the species require protection during winter, or to be kept in the green- house. A deep sandy soil, and a situation sheltered from the north and east, will suit most of the species ; though sotne, as M. glauca, for example, thrive best in a moist peaty soil. Few of the species ripen seeds in England, but most of them do so in France. From these seeds, or from such as are im- ported, all the American species, except M. grandiHora, are most frequently raised ; but the species from Asia are increased by layers, as are occasionally some of the more rare of the American species. In no case whatever vvoidd we recommend purchasing any species of magnolia not grown in a pot ; because plants so grown may be sent to any distance without injury to the roots, which are few and succulent, and easily damaged by exposure to the air and light. The hardy species of this genus are included in two sections, MagnoMdstrum and Gwiliimi'a. § i. MaffnoUastTnm. Derivation, MagndVin \ and astrum, from ad instar, an affixed particle, signifying lilfcness. Sent. Char. American species, with one spathe-like bractea enclosing the flower-bud ; ovaries approximate ; anthers bursting outwards. (Don's Mill., i. p. 83.) i I. Magno'l/^ gbandiflo^ra L. The large-flowered Magnolia. Identification. Lin. Sp., 755. , Dec. Prod., I. p. 80. ; Don's Mill., 1. p. 82. ; Tor. and Gray, l.p.42. Synonymes. Laurel-leaved Magnolia, the large-flowered evergreen Magnolia, the Laurel Bay, big Laurel, the large Magnolia; Laurier tulipier, Fr. in Louisiana; Magnolie k grandes Fleurs, Fr. ; grossblumiger Magnolie, or Bieberbaum (Beaver-wood Tree), Ger. Engravings. Mill. Ic, 2. t. 172. ; the plate in vol. v. of Arb. Brit. 1st edit. ; and our^g-. 34. Spec. Char., Sfc. Evergreen. Leaves oval-oblonn, coriaceous, upper surface shining, under surface rusty. Flowers erect, 9 — 12 petals, expanding. {Don's Mill.) A large evergreen tree. North Carolina. Height in North America 60 ft. to 70 ft. ; in England 20 ft. to 30 ft. Introduced in 1737. Flowers white, fragrant ; June to September. Strobile bi'own, with scarlet •seeds ; ripe in October. Decaying leaves yellow and orange, dropping in June. Young wood green. Vaiieties. i M. g. 2 obovata Ait — Leaves obovate-oblong. Flowers expanded. {Hort. Kew., iii. p. 329.) This seems to be the only variety found in a wild state. In British gardens it is a magnificent plant, the broad ends of its leaves forming a conspicuous feature, and distin- guishing it readily from the original species, the leaves of Which are vointed ; but it does not flower freely. 111. UAG-HOI.IA'CEjE : MAQNOY/,^. 23 M. g. 3 exoniensis Hort. M. g, lanceolata Ait. ; M. g. stricta Hort. ; M. g. ferruginea Hort. The E.vmouth Magnolia. (Bot. Mag., t. 1952.; Bot. Cab., t. 1814.; the plate in Arb. Brit., 1st edition, vol. v. ; and our_/%. 33.) — The leaves are oblong-elliptical, generally rusty 33. iSagnblia grondiflora ezonUnaii. underneath. Flowers somewhat contracted. This is the most distinct of all the varieties of the species, and, on account of its flowering early and freely, the one best deserving of general culture. It forms a tall, fastigiate, elegant bush, or tree, and has attained the height of 30 ft., as a standard, at various places in the South o^ England. i M. g. 4 angustifoHa Hort. — Leaves lanceolate, pointed at both extre- mities, wavy. A very distinct variety, introduced from Paris about 1825, which has not yet flowered in England, t M. g. 5 prcB^cox Andry. — Leaves oval-oblong. Flowers fully expanded. This is an early variety, introduced from Paris about 1830. The flowers are as large as those of any of the varieties, and they are produced from the end of May till the approach of winter. Other Varieties. In consequence of the great demand for this species in the nurseries, many slight variations have been noticed by cultivators, and named a.s distinct. In the garden of the London Horticultural Society, in 1834, there were plants with the following names : — M. g. vera, M. g. latifolia, M. g. exoniensis var., and M. g. ru6igindsa. In the London nurse- ries are — M. g. rotundifolia Swt., M. g. eUiptica Ait., and various others. In the nursery of M. Roy, at Angers, are 18 varieties, among which are included M. g. longifdlia undulata, M. g. exoniensis a fleur demi-donhle, M. g. canalicule, M. g. Jtaribunda, M. g. filiis variegdiis, &c. At Desio, near Monza, there is a variety called M. g. magordensis. Selection of Varieties. M. g. obovata deserves the preference for the mag- nificence of its foliage; and M. g. exoniensis, because it flowers early and freely ; and because, from the fastigiate form of the tree, it is less liable to be injured by a heavy fait of snow ; it seems also to grow faster than any of the other varieties. Where the tree is to be trained against a wall, M. g. prcE'cox deserves the preference, on account of the largeness of its flowers, and because they appear early, and continue during the whole summer. M.g. angustifnlia deserves culture on account of its foliiige, which c 4 24 ARBOUETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. is quite distinct from that of all the other varieties. The species sold in the nurseries as the common broad-leaved Magnolia grandiflora is fre- quently raised from American, French, or Italian seeds ; and, hence, the plants, though they grow freely, do not flower for 20 or 30 years after being planted out. For this reason, when it is desired to have plants of the Magnolia grandiflora which will flower early, those plants which have been raised by layers from flowering trees ought to have the preference ; or the Exmouth, or some other variety, should be made choice of, because the varieties are always raised from layers. In its native country, M. grandiflora is a tree varying from 60 ft. to 100 ft., or upwards, in height ; but in Europe, except in some situations in Spain and Italy, and a few in the South of England, it is chiefly to be considered as a wall tree. 34. Magn</i grandlfldra. A deep sandy loam, dry at bottom, and enriched with vegetable mould or heath soil, seems to suit all the varieties of this species. When these are to be trained against a wall, any aspect may be chosen, except, perhaps, the north-east. To display the flowers to the greatest advantage, to a spectator walking in a direction nearly parallel to the wall, the ground plan of the latter should be curvilinear, by which means a direct or front view of a considerable portion would be brought before him. In the London nur- series, propagation is generally effected by forming stools either in warm situations in the open air, to be protected during winter, or in cold-pits. The shoots are laid down in autumn, and require two years to become sufficiently rooted for separation ; they are then potted, and kept in pits or under glass during winter, and set in the open air, in a shady place, during summer, till wanted for final planting. M. grandiflora is also occa- sionally raised from American seeds. In planting, the ball should be care- fully broken by the hand, and the roots spread out in every direction and covered with heath mould, or a mixture of leaf mould and sandy loam. The HI. MAGNOLIA^ CEyE: MAGNO'l./^. 25 soil ought to be made firm to the fibrous roots, not by treading, but l)y abundant watering, and, if the plant be large, by fixing with water ; that is, while the earth is being carefi.illy put about the roots by one man, another should pour water from a pot held 6 ft. or 8 ft. above it, so that the weight of the water may wash the soil into every crevice formed by the roots, and consolidate it there. Shading will be advisable for some weeks after planting. If the Exmouth variety be chosen, layers will produce flowers in a year or two after being separated from the parent plant, if kept in pots ; but, when they are planted out, and grow freely, so as to make shoots of 2 or 3 feet every season, they will probably not flower for three or four years. Whether the tree be against a wall or trellis, or treated as a standard, all the pruning it will require, after it has begun to grow freely, will be, to cut out the stumps from which the flowers or the strobiles have dropped off, and any dead or decaying wood, and any branches which cross and rub on each other. Magnolias against a wall require very little protection, even when young ; and this can easily be given by mulching the ground at the roots, and covering their branches with a mat, or with the fronds of the spruce fir. t 2. M. GLAU'CA L. The ghucoas-leaved Magnolia. 1. p. 80.; Don's Mill., Identification, Lin. Sp., 2. p. 755. ; Tor. and Gray, 1. p. 42. ; Dec. Prod., 1. p. 82. Synonymes. M. fragrans Salisb. ; Swamp Sassafras, Beaver -wood, white Bay, small Magnolia, Swamp Magnolia ; Maguolie glauque, Arbre de Castor, Ff-. ; grauer Bieberbaum, Ger. Derivation, It is named Swamp Sassafras on account of its growing in boggy places, and resembling in qualities the iatiros Sassafras; and Beaver-wood, because the root is eaten as a great dainty by the beavers, and these animals are caught by means of it. It also grows in the swamps, which they inhabit ; and Michaux tells us that it is felled by them for constructing their dens and houses, in preference to any other tree, on account of the softness of the wood. Ejtgravings. Lodd. Bot. Cab., t. 215. ; Sims Bot. Mag., 2164. ; the plate of this species in Arb. Brit., 1st edit. vol. v. ; and ouTjig. 35. Spec. Char., 4-e. Almost deciduous. Leaves elliptical, obtuse, under surface glaucous. Flower 9 — 12-petaled, contracted. Petals ovate, concave. (Don's Mill.) A shrub, or low tree, sometimes sub-evergreen. Massachusetts to Missouri in swamps. Height in America 3 ft. to 10 ft. ; 6 ft. to 20 ft. in England. Introduced in 1688. Flowers white, 2 in. to 3 in. broad, very fragrant ; June and September. Strobile brownish. Seeds deep scarlet ; ripe in October. Decaying leaves yellow, brown, or black. Naked young wood green. 35. Magn6Iia glaflca. "'"''^^M. glauca2 sempervirciis Hort. — Sub-evergreen, and with smaller leaves than those of the next variety. v. „ t,^ t M. alauca 3 Tliompsoma.na Thovip. M. glauca var. a major Bot. Mag., new edition, p. 36. The plate of this in the Arb. Brit., first edition, vol. v.; and our fig. 36.— It was noticed about 1820, in a pot of seed- lintr's, by Mr. Thompson, in his nursery at Mile-end; and by him kept distinct, and propagated under tlie above name, 26 .ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM URITANNICUM. 3fi. Magnblia glalica Thompsonidtui. Other Vmieties. M. glauca Gordoniana and M. glmica BurchelRana. are names found in nurserymen's catalogues, of varieties said to Jiave double or semi-double flowers. M. g. longifolia Pursh js supposed to be an abori- ginal variety, and sub-evergreen ; but we think it probably the same variety as M. g. Thompsomana, which may have come up wild in America, as well as in Mr. Thompson's nursery. M. g. Cardonn, M. Cardon J. Knight, is a variety imported from Belgium, wjiere it was found by Mr. Knight of the Exotic Nursery, in the nursery of M. Cai'don, after whom he has named it. A low tree, nearly evergreen in moist soils, with a slender stem, covered with a smooth whitish bark. The wood is white and spongy; the young shoots of a fine green. The leaves are smooth, of a bluish green on their upper surface, and whitish or glaucous and a little hairy underneath. The flowers are produced in May or June, at the extremity of the last year's shoots. They have six concave white petals, and have an agreeable odour. The spike or strobile of fruits is an inch or more in length, conical, an inch in diameter in the widest part, and of a reddish brown colour when ripe. When the plant is in a soil supplied ■with moisture during the summer, it continues to produce flowers till the autumn, and retains part of its leaves all the winter : in dry situations the leaves drop off. Seeds are frequently ripened in Eng- land ; they are of a bright scarlet, and they hang down by slender white threads, as in all the other American species. ITie young shoots are from 1 ft. to 18 in. in length, and the plant, in ordinary circumstances, will attain the height of 12 ft. in ten years. Plants are generally raised from seeds imported from America, which should be sown in pots of bog earth about the begin- ning of March, and placed in gentle heat under glass. In a year they will be fit to transplant into small pots ; and every year they should be shifted into others of a larger size, till wanted for final planting out. M. glauca Thomp- soTiidna, and the other varieties, are propagated by layers, which require two years to root properly. in. MAGNOL/.^ CEJE X MAGNO L/^. 2 i ^ 3. MAGN0Y/.4 tripr'tala L. The three-petaled Magnolia. Identification. Lin. Sfi , 2. p. 756. ; Michx., 3. p. 90. Synonyines. M. umbrella Lam.^ Nouv. Dtih., Dec. Prod., Don's Mill., Tor. S[ Gray ; M. frondbsa Salisb. ; the Umbrella Tree ; Umbrella Mi^gnoUa ; Elkwood ; Magnolie Parasol, and Arbre Parasol J'V. 5 dreyblattriger Bieberbaum, dreiblattrige Magnolie, Ger. Derivation, This species is called the Umbrella Tree, according to Micbaux, because its leaves, which are thin, oval, entire, and acuminate at both extremities, 18 in. or 20 in. long, and 7 in. or 8 io. broad, are often disposed in rays at the extremity of vigorous shoots; and these display a surface of 2|ft. in diameter, in the form of an umbrella. The tree is called Elkwood in the moun- tains of Virginia, probably from the resemblance which the points of the shoots bear to the horns of the elk. The French names merely signify umbrella tree, and the German ones the three- petaled beaver tree, or magnolia. Engravings. Michx. Arb., 3. t. 5. ; Lodd. Bot. Cab., t. 418. ; the plate of this species in Arb. Brit. 1st edit, vol. V. ; and ourj^. 37. Spec. Char.,S,'c, Deciduous. Leaves lanceolate, spreading, adult ones smooth, younger ones pubescent underneath. Petals 9 — 12, exterior ones pendent. (Don's Mill., i, p. 83.) A deciduous tree of the middle size, Pennsyl- vania to Georgia, in moist soil. Height 30 ft. to 40 ft. in America ; 15 ft. to 30 ft. in England. Introduced in 1752. Flowers white, 7 in. to 8 in. in diameter, with an unpleasant odour ; May to July. Strobiles rose- coloured, 4 in. tp 5 in. long ; ripe in October. Decaying leaves dark brown or black. Naked young wood of a fine mahogany brown. Magndlin trip^tala. This tree, both in America and Europe, is remarkable for the largeness of its leaves and its flowers. The wood is spongy, brittle, with a large pith, soft, porous, and of very little use. The bark upon the trunk is grey, smooth, and polished ; and, if cut while green, it exhales a disagreeable odour. In Britain the tree sends up various shoots from the root, to replace the stems, which are seldom of long duration ; so that a plant that has stood thirty or forty years in one spot has had its stems several times renewed during that period. The leaves are 18 or 20 inches long, and 7 or 8 inches broad. The flowers are 7or 8 inches in diameter, with large white flaccid petals; they are borne on the extremities of the last year's shoots, have a languid luxurious appearance, and a sweet but heavy odour. The fruit, which is conical, is ooi 23 AUBOllETUM ET FRUTICEI UM BRITANNICUM. G inches long, and about 2 in. in diameter ; it is of a beautiful rose colour, and contains usually from 50 to 60 seeds. This sjiecies is very hardy, and can withstand the most rigorous winters, when the summer has been sufficiently hot to ripen the wood thoroughly. As it is a short-lived tree, and conse- quently flowers early, there is not the same objection to raisir.tj plants of it from seed, as there is to raising plants in that manner of M. grandiflora, which is along-lived species. The soil should be a deep, rich, sandy loam, and the situation sheltered and shaded. Exposure to the sun is injurious ; and, trained against a south wall, the plant suffers extremely. A sheltered glade in a shrubbery or wood, where the tree is sufficiently distant from others not to be injured by their roots, is the most desirable site. In the nurseries it is almost always propagated by seeds, which should be sown immediately after they are gathered, as when they are left exposed they become rancid and lose their vital qualities ; though, if enveloped in moist moss or earth, they may be preserved for several months; The plants should be kept in pots until required for final transplanting. 2 4. M. macrophv'lla Mx. The long-leaved Magnolia. Idaitificatim. Mich. Bor. Amer., 1. p. 327. ; Dec. Prod., 1. p. 80. ; Don's Mill., 1. p. 83. ; Tor. and Gray, I. p. 43. Synonymes. Large-ieaved Umbrella Tree, Amer. ; MagnbUa Michatjx?V Hort. ; Magnolier ^ grandes Feuilles, Magnolier bannanier, Fr.; grosseblattrige Bieberbaum, Ger. Engravings. Bot. Mag., 2189. ; the plate in Arb. Brit., 1st edit. vol. v. ; and our^^. 38. Spec.Char.,Sfc. Deciduous. Leaves very large, oblong-obovate, somewhat pandu- riform, cordate at the base, under surface whitish, glaucous. Petals 6 — 9, ovate. {Don's Mill.) A deciduous tree of the middle size. North Caro- lina and Georgia. Height 30 it. to 40 ft. in America ; 15 ft. to 30 ft. in England. Introduced in 1800. Flowers white, with a purple spot near the base of each petal; Sin. to 10 in. in diameter, fragrant; June and July. Strobile rose-coloured ; ripe in October. Decaying leaves yellow, brown, or black. Naked young wood of a whitish brown. 38. Mapiiilffl'macrophyUa. ni. MAOtfOLIA^CEJE : MAGNO^L/^. 29 The general appearance of this tree greatly resembles that of Magnolia tripetala. The terminal arrangement of the leaves is the same, and it is remarkable that m America the two trees are almost always found together. In point of size, it exceeds the M. tripetala, both in its leaves and general height ; but it is seldom found higher than 35 ft., which exceeds the height of the other by a sixth part only. The body of the tree is, covered with a smooth and very white bark, by which, in the winter, when stripped ot its leaves, it is readily distinguished from M. tripetala. At this season, also, it may be distinguished by its buds, which are compressed, and covered with a soft and silvery down ; whereas in M. tripetala they are prominent and rounded at the end. The leaves, in its native country, are 35 in. long, and 9 or 1 inches broad ; and in vigorous plants, in England, they sometimes even exceed these dimensions. They are borne on petioles short in comparison with the size of the leaves, and are of an oblong oval shape, pointed at the extremity, and cordiform at the base ; their colour is light green above, and glaucous beneath. The fruit is about-4 in. long, nearly cylindrical, and of a vivid rose- colour when arrived at maturity. Young plants of this species grow very slowly till they are thoroughly established, which will require, in general, two years. The year's shoots may then be from 1 ft. to 2 ft. ; so that in ten years a plant may attain the height of 12 or 13 feet. It may be considered a short-lived tree, and, like all such, it comes into flower when young. It has rarely, if ever, been propagated in this country by inarching or layers, and very seldom from seeds ; and, hence, the plant is very sparingly distributed. SoU, propagation, &c., as in M. tripetala. Seeds are ripened in France, and young plants imported from that country, or from North America. It 5. M. acumina'ta L. The pointed-leaved Magnolia. Identificaticm. Lin. Sp., 756.; Dec. Prod., 1. p. 80.; Don's Mill., 1. p. 83. ; Tor. and Gray, 1. p. 43. Syiwnt/jnes. M. rustica, and M. pennsylvfinica, of some ; the blue Magnolia, En^. ; the Cucumber Tree, U. 5.; Magnolier acumine, Magnolier k Feuilles pointees, Fr. ; zugegpitzer Bieberbaum, Ger. Derivation. This species is called the Cucumber Tree, in America, from its fruit resembling a small cucumber. The other names are translations of the botanic one. Engravings. Mich. Arb., 3. p. 82. t. 3. ; Jiot. Mag., 2427. ; and the plate in Arb. Brit., 1st edit. vol. V. ; and our.^. 39. Spec. Char., ^c. Deciduous. Leaves oval, acuminate, under surface pubescent. Flowers 6 — 9-petaled. {Don's Mill.} A deciduous tree of large size. New York to Georgia. Height in America 60 ft. to 80 ft., with the trunk 4 ft. to 5 ft. in diameter at the base ; in England 30 ft. to 50 ft. Intro- duced in 1736. Flowers yellowish within, glaucous without, slightly fra- grant; May to July. Strobile cylindrical, brownish red. Sin. long; ripe in October. Decaying leaves dark brown or black. Wood of a mahogany brown. M.a.'i CandoU'i Savi. — Leaves ovate oblong, acute. Flowers greenish. Figured in Savi's Bibl. Ital., p. 224. t M. a. S maxima Lodd. — Leaves much larger than those of the original species. Introduced by Messrs. Loddiges, and cultivated in different nurseries. Other Varieties. The Magnolia acuminata being frequently raised from seed, and the seedlings varying much in the size of their leaves, and in the presence or absence of pubescence, both on the leaves and wood, it would be easy to select several varieties apparently as distinct as those above mentioned, such as M. striata, latifolia, &c. In the Goldworth Nursery, Woking, Surrey, are some which appear remarkably distinct. Trunk straight, branches numerous, shoots regularly distributed. The leaves are from 6 in. to 7 in. long, and ftom 3 in. to 4 in. broad, upoi. old trees, but double that size upon young vigorous-growing plants. Michaux describes them as oval, entire, and very acuminate; but, in the seedlings raised in British nurseriefe, they are found sometimes ovate, nearly orbiculate. 3. 8 asperma. The seedless Berberry. — Fruit destitute of seeds. Miller, and also Du Hamel, both say that suckers taken from this variety commonly produce fruit with seeds ; that, as the tree grows older, the seeds become fewer, and that it is the age of the plant that at last causes the fruit to be seedless ; in that case this plant must be considered more a variation than a variety. B. v. asperma is said by Du Hamel to produce the best fruit for preserving; and it is from it that the delicious Confitures d'E'pine vinette, for which Rouen is so celebrated, are made. {Nouv. Duh., iv. p. 13.) 4 B. V. 9 longifolia Booth. — Leaves longer than those of the species. St B. J). 1 glaiica. B. glauca Booth. — Leaves glaucous. Mr. Gordon considers this plant as related to B. sibirica ; but, as it has not yet flowered in the Horticultural Society's Garden this point cannot be determined. (See Gard. Mag., vol. xvi. p. 2.) & h. V. 11 mitis. — Shoots without spines. Leaves glaucous, rather broader. Si B. 0. 12 provincidlis Schrad. — Young shoots brown. Leaves and fruit as in the common berberry. All these varieties are in the London Horticultural Society's Garden. Other Varieties. In the Horticultural Society's Garden a number of alleged species of berberries have been raised from seed, which have all proved varieties of B. vulgaris, and most of them so slight, as to be scarcely worth keeping distinct. (See Gard. Mag., vol. xvi. p. 2.) The common berberry will live for two or three centuries, without increasmg . much in size. The wood is hard and brittle, of a yellow colour, and but little used except for dyeing. The rate of growth, when the plant is young, is rapid ; and, in consequence, in five or six years it will attain the height of 44 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. 7 or 8 feet ; but it grows slowly afterwards, unless the suckers are removed from it as they are produced. It is seldom seen above 10 ft. high ; but there are examples of trees of it 30 ft. high, probably of 30 years' growth. The inner bark, both of the stems and roots, affords a yellow dye. The leaves are agreeably acid, and, according to Gerard, were used in his time " to season meat with, and instead of a salad, Kke sorrel." The berries are so acid, that birds seldom touch them. They are not eaten raw. but are excellent when preserved with sugar in syrup, or candied. They are also made into jelly and rob, both of which are not only delicious to the taste, but extremely whole- some ; and they are pickled in vinegar, when green, as a substitute for capers. The plant is cultivated in gardens as a fruit tree or fruit shrub ; and the variety, or rather variation, in which the seeds are said to be wanting, and that in which the fruit is sweet, are recommended in preference. The plant makes an excellent hedge ; but there exists a prejudice against it among agri- culturists, from its supposed influence in producing blight, or mildew, on the corn adjoining it. This opinion is of unknown antiquity ; but it is now ge- nerally considered to be an erroneous prejudice. St 3. S. (v.) emaeginaVa Wiltd. The emarginate.;;j(?faM Berberry. Idaiti/icalim. Willd. Enum., 1. p. 395. ; Dec. Prod., 1. p. 106. ; Don's Mill, 1. p. 115. SyTwnyme. Ausgerandete (serrated) Berberitze, Ger. Engravings. Hayne Abbild., t. 62. ; and our Jigs. 55, and 56. Spec. Char., Sro. Spines 3-parted. Leaves lanceolate-obovate, ciliately serrated. Racemes scarcely pendulous, shorter than the leaves ; petals emarginate. (Don's Mill.) A ^ deciduous shrub. , Siberia. Height Foft. to 7 ft. Intro- ^ duced in 1820. Flowers yellow ; , May and June. Berries red ; ripe l in September. De- caying leaves yel- low. Naked young wood whitish yel- low. Closely resembling B. vulgaris, of which it is, doubtless, only a variety ; but it is one half smaller in all its parts, and has the petals emarginate, and the leaves decidedly glaucous. j» 4. B. (v.) cre'tica L. The Cretan Berberry. Identification. Lin. Sp., 47?-; Dec. Prod. 1. p.l06.; Don's Mill.,1. p.116. Symmymes. B. cr§tica 6uxi- fblia Tawrn. ; Vinettier de Cr*te, Fr. ; Cretische Ber- beritze, Ger. ; Candian Berberry. Engravings. Fl.Graec.,t.242.; and our .^^5. 57. and 58. Spec. Char., Sfc. Spines 3 — 5-parted. Leaves oval-oblong, entire, or somewhat serrat- ed. Racemes 3 — 8- flowrd., rather short- er than the leaves, B/rberii emarpnita. B&bf.rit emargin^ta. 67. Bi.-btru cr^tiua. Herberts crtitica, nat.^^tzo. VI. BERBERA'CEJE : BE'RBERIS. 45 (Don's MUl.) A deciduous shrub, crowded with shoots. Crete, Candia, and, perhaps, Japan. Height 3 ft. to 4 ft. Introduced in 1759. Flowers yellow ; May and June. Berries ovate, black ; ripe in September. De- caying leaves whitish yellow. Naked young wood also whitish. The leaves are produced without any obvious order ; they are small, and in their shape they resemble those of the narrow-leaved variety of the common box. The berries are ovate, black, 2-seeded, more astringent than acid ; stigma on a very short style. a 5. B. (v.) CRATi;'GiNA Dec. The Crataegus-like Berberry. Jdentification. Dec. Syst., 2. p. 9.; Don's Mill., 1. p. 116. Engravme. Our Jig. 59. from a specimen in the Hort. Soc. Garden. Spec. Char., S^c. Spines simple. Leaves oblong, reticulated, hardly serrated. Racemes many-flowered, crowded, spreading, scarcely longer than the leaves. (Deri's Mill.) A deciduous glaucous-leaved shrub. Asia Minor. Height 4 ft. to 6 ft. Introduced in 1823. Flowers yellow ; May and June. Berries red ; ripe in September. Distinguished from all the other species, by the leaves being long, flaccid, entirely glaucous, orwhitish. Young shoots brown. «• s/rtof. -at, Vn., -a.^ ,i». A plant bearing this name in the Horticultural Society's Garden is 5 tt. high with the leaves much longer than those of B. vulgaris ; serrated, as m that species, and decidedly glaucous. . In other respects we can see no difference, a 6. B. ibe'rica Stev. The Iberian Berberry. Identification. Don's Mill., 1. p. 115. ; and Lindl., Pen. Cyc., 4. p. 61. S^i^T B. TulgSris ? V. iberica Dec Syst. 2. p. 6. ; B smens.s fVal. Engravings. Dend. Brit., t. 26., as B. smensis ; and our Jig. 60. Spec Char., ^c. Spines simple, and 3-parted ; leaves obovate- ob'long, quite entire. Racemes many-flowered ; petals entire. (Don's Mill.) A deciduous shrub. Iberia. Height 3 ft. to 5ft Introduced in 1790. Flowers yellow; May and June. Berries dark purple ; ripe in September. Decaying leaves yel- lowish red. Naked young wood reddish yellow. Readily distinguished from the common berberry by its smaller \ and smoother leaves, its red shoots, and its almost upright racemes ; ^, and from B. sinensis by the leaves being comparatively entire. Si 7. B. canade'nsis MUl. The Canadian Berberry. Identijication. Pnrsh's Fl. Amer. Sept.. 1. p. 219. , Dec. Prod.. 1. p. 106. ; Don's Mill., 1. p. 115. Syl^jSriM.l^risM.. Fl. Bar. Amer.. I. p. 206.; B. vulgMs var. canadensis Jfa,..v»'- E^"ai^s.\s.yne Abbild., t. 63. ; and our^g. 61. after that author. Spec Char.,&c. Branches verrucose, dotted, with short triple spines ; leaves snktulate oblong, remotely serrate, with somewhat bnstly teeth ; racemes sEb™bose, few-flowered; petals emarginate ; berries subglobose, or o^aYtot. and Gray.) A deciduous shrub. Canada to Georgia. Height 2ft to 3ft in England £ft. Introduced in 1759. Flowers yellow; GO. B. iberica. 46 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. May and Jane. Berries red ; ripe in September. De- cajing leaves yellowish green and reddish. Naked young wood whitish yellow. Leaves much smaller and narrower than in B. vulgaris, attenuate at the base, bnt nearly sessile ; the margins serru- late, with 6-8 distant, often inconspicuous, mncronate teeth. Raceme 5-8-flowered, nodding ; flowers smaller than in B. vulgaris ; fruit smaller and much shorter. Stem and roots yellow ; the former rarely exceeding 3 ft. in height. Found in the Alleghany Mountains, Virginia and Carolina, Tenessee, and Georgia. {Tor. and Gray.) Introduced into England in 1759, but probably lost, as we have seen no plant answering this description in British gardens. aife 8. B. sine'nsis Besf. The Chinese Berberry. Identification. Desf. Catal. Hort. P., 160.; Dec. Prod., l.p.ioe.; Don's Mill., 1. p. IIB. Synonyme. B. vulgaris Thunb. Jap.\. p. 14f3. Engravings. Our j^s. 62, and 63. from a spe- cimen in the Hort. Soc. Garden. Spec. Char., Src Spines 3-parted. Leaves oblong, obtuse, entire, or the lower ones a little toothed. Racemes many-flowered, nodding. (Don's Mill.) A deciduous shrub with slender shoots. China. Height 3 ft. to 5 ft. Introduced in 1800. Flowers yellow ; May and June. Berries oval, dark red ; ripe in September. Leaves smooth, sharply serrated. Decay- ing leaves of a fine yellowish red. Naked young wood reddish yel- low. The plant at the Horticultural Society's Garden, and at Messrs. lioddiges's, has smooth leaves, red shoots, and closely resembles Berberis iberica. 61. B. (v.)ca adci 63. Birberit dln&nRis, not. llze. VI. berbeea'ceje : bi/rberis. 47 C. Leaves leathery, evergreen, or sub-evergreen. Flowers solitary, or in Clusters. * 9. B. du'lcis D. Don. The sweet-fruited Berberry. Identification. Swt. Brit. Fl.-Gard. ; Lindl. Pen. Cyc, 4. p. 261. Engravings. Swt. Brit. Fl. Gard., 2d ser., t. 100. ; and owTfig. 64. Spec. Char., Sfc. Spines long, slender, simple, or 3- parted. Leaves obovate obtuse, with or without a bristly point, quite entire, glaucous on the under side. Flowers solitary, on slender stalks, twice as long as the leaves. {Lindl., Pen. Cyc.,) An evergreen shrub, with shining leaves. Straits of Magellan to Valdivia. Height 2 ft. to d ft. Introduced in 1830. Flowers yellow ; March to June. Berries round, black, about the size of a black currant ; ripe in August. Decay- ing leaves bright yellow ; dropping in May and June. An elegant evergreen bush, which, in some places, has attained the height of 5 ft. The flowers are large, of a fine bright yellow, more expanded than they are in many species, and, from their long slender stalks, they o<. BMeri,MSci.,. hang down in a very graceful manner. In its native country, the fruit is used, both green and ripe, as we use gooseberries, for making pies and tarts and preserves, for which it is most excellent. It is quite hardy and evergreeii. 10. B. BuxiFo^LiA Lam. The Box-leaved Berberry, p. 117. Jdenlification. Lam. 111., t. 253. fig. 3.; Don's Mill., I Engravings. Lam. 111. t. 253. fig. 3.; and our J^. 65. Spec. Char., 4c. Spines 3-parted. Leaves ovate, or ovate- lanceolate, smooth, quite entire. Pedicels longer than the leaves, either solitary, 1-flowered, or in threes, rising from a short peduncle. (Son's MM.) A small twisted sub-evergreen shrub. Native of the Straits of Magellan. Height 2 ft. to 3 ft. Introduced ?. Flowers yellow. December to March. Berries blu- ish purple, 4-seeded. Said to be nearly allied to B. dulcis. A very valuable «s- B«m. tuiifoiia. addition to our hardy evergreens ; though, at present, rare in British gardens. J* 11. B. actinaca'ntha Mart. The ray-spined Berberry. Identijication. Roemerand Schultes, 7. p. 12.; Hooli. Pot. Mis., 3. p. 135. Engraving. Olir fig. 66. Spec. Char., Sfc. Spines palmate, 3—5 divisions. Leaves ovate elliptic, rigid, coriaceous, toothed, mucronate. Pe- duncles 4 — 5, sub-umbellate, shorter than the leaves. An evergreen shrub, with numerous spreading blanches, and long white spines, generally in threes, but sometimes more numerous. Straits of Magellan. Height 3 ft. to 4 ft. In- troduced ? 1830. Flowers deep yellow, a little larger than those of B. vul- garis ; May and June. Fruit 'i. A very desirable species, nearly allied to B. heterophylla. Our engraving is of a specimen taken from a very handsome plant in the rich collection of evergreens at Elvaston Castle. Dr. Hooker mentions a variety with smaller leaves timK t.he species, but it does not appear to be introduced. Quite hardy. Birhtris actinacdntha. 48 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM liRITANNICUM. -B 12. B. heterophy'lla Jus. The various-leaved Berberry. Identification. Juss. in Poir. Diet., 8. p. 622.-, Dec. Prod., 1. p. 108. ; Don's Mill., 1. p. 117.; Lindl., Pen. Cyc, 4. p. 261. Synonymes. B. ilicif&lia Forst. \ B. triscupidMa Smith. Engravings. Hook. £xot. Fl,, 1. 1. 14. ; and our Jig. 67. Spec. Char., Ifc. Spines 3-parted. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, glabrous, some of them entire, others furnished with 3 pungent teeth. Pedicels solitary, 1-flowered, hardly longer than the leaves. Filaments toothed. {Don's Mill.) An evergreen shrub. Straits of Magellan. Height 3 ft. to 4 ft. Introduced in 1823. Flowers orange yellow ; May and June. Berries red ; ripe in September. Decaying leaves greenish yellow ; June and July. Much branched, and the older branches covered with dark -"^ wrinkled bark. The leaves clustered, and of two kinds ; the old ones terminated with a sharp spinose point, and having ,^^^ ^ a lateral spinule on each side above the middle, and the jj. b. heierophjiia. younger ones being pale green, unarmed, and having their margins entire and softish. The old leaves are also quite rigid, dark green, and shining. Jt 13. B. £MPETBIFO*LIA Lam. Identification. The Empetrum-leaved Berberry. Lam. 111., t. 2.53. Lam. 111., t.253. fls Dec. Prod., 1. p. 107.; Don's Mill., 1. p. 117. ; Pen. Cyc, 4. p. 261. 4.; Sw.Brit.Fl.-Gar., 2. s. t.350.; and our ^.68. Engravings. Spec. Char., S^c. Spines 3-parted. Leaves linear, quite entire, vrith revolute margins. Pedicels 1 — 2, I-flowered. (Dun's Mill.) An elegant, decumbent, evergreen bush. Cordilleras of Chili in subalpine woods. Height 1 ft. to 2 ft. Intro- duced in 1830. Flowers yellow ; December to March. Ber- ries ? yellow ; ripe in July. Wood reddish brown. Branches slender, twiggy, angular, covered with a chestnut- coloured bark. Leaves fasciculate, linear, mucronate, revolute, ' and entire at the margins, glaucous ; about half an inch long, and nearly a line in breadth. Flowers large, spreading. A very curious and pretty plant, in general aspect much more like a heath than a berberry. It is perfectly hardy, and deserves ^'- "■ '"'P'f'^"'- a place in every collection. It is readily increased by layers, in heath soil. D. Leaves leather!/, evergreen or sub-evergreen. Flowers in Racemes, sk 14. S. dealbaVa Lindl. The whitened-leavea Berberry. Identification. Bot. Reg., t. 1750. ; Pen. Cyc, 4. p. 261. tnoni/me. B. gladca Hort. igravings. Bot. Reg., t. 1750.; and onr^. 69. Spec. Char., S^c. Spines scarcely any. Leaves roundish, coarsely toothed, rather glaucous, white beneath. Ra- cemes very short and compact, pendulous. (Pen. Cyc.) An upright evergreen bush, with white or glaucous leaves. 'Mexico. Height 3 ft. to 3 ft. Introduced in 1830. Flowers yellow, sweet-scented ; December to March. Berries yellowish purple ; ripe in August. A tall, slender, evergreen bush, with deep brown branches, and scarcely any spines. The leaves are some- times wedge-shaped and 3-toothed, but more frequenti}' nearly round, with two or three spiny teeth on every side. A curious and beautiful species, well deserving of cul- tivation. It is quite hardy, and readily increased by layers, which root the same season that they are made. B/i-£»ri*« clt!Hl'..ata. Vr. BERBERA^CEJE : BE'RBERIS. 49 70i Dirberis asi&tica. at 15. B. asia'tica Roxb. The Asiatic Berbeiry. Identification. Koxb. in Dec. Syst., 2. p. 13. ; Dec. Prod., 1. p. 107. : Don's Mill.. 1. p. 116 ; Pen. Cyc, 4. p. 261. Sunanmnes. The Lycium of Dioscovides, Royle in Linn. Trans., xvii. p. 83. j B. tinctbrU Lech. ■. the Raisin Berberry, Pi-n. Cyc. Eng^-aviTtgs. Dcless. Icon, sei., 2. t. l.j and uiir Jig. 70. Spec. Char., S^c. Spines trifid, or simple. Leaves oval, cuncated or ellip- tical, mucronate, smooth, under surface glaucous, entire or spinulo.sely toothed. Racemes short, many-flowered, corymbose, shorter than the leaves. Pedicels elongated, one- flovfered. Berries oval. (Dou's A£dl.) A vigorous- ly growing sub-evergreen shrub, crowded with nume- rous luxuriant auckers. Ne- pal, on mountains. Height 6 ft. to 8 ft. Introduced in 1820. Flowers yellow ; May and June. Berries purplish, with a fine bloom ; ripe in July. Decaying leaves yellow and red. Leaves somewhat resem- bling those of .B. heterophylla, but not glaucous. The plant is easily distinguished from that species by the .very short racemes of its flowers, by their being produced much earlier, and by the smoothness of its shoots. On July 20. 1637, a fine plant of B. asiatica, in the grounds at Syon, was covered with fruit, while one of B. aristata, standing close beside it, was covered with its beautiful rich yellow blossoms, many of which were not fully expanded. The fruit is oblong, pinkish or purplish, wrinkled, and covered with a fine thick bloom like that of the best raisins. The plants in 5 or 6 years attain the height of 6 or 8 feet. a 16. B. arista'ta Dec. The hnstXei-tooth-leaved Berberry. Ideniificttlion. Dec. Prod., 1. p. 1C6.; Don's Mill., 1. p. 115. Synanymes. S. Chitrta Buch. ; S. angustifiilia Rorb. ; S. sinensis De^. Engravings. Hook. Exot. Flor., t. 98. ; Hot. Reg., t. 729. ; and om fig. 71 Spec. Char., Sj-c. Lower spines 3-parted, simple; leaves obovate-acute, tapering much to the base, ending in a mucro (prickly point) at the apex, membranous, smooth on both sides, ser- rated, with 4 or 5 bristly teeth. Racemes nodding, many-flowered, longer than the leaves. Berries oblong. (^Don's Mill.) A vigorous-growing sub-evergreen shrub, crowd- ed with suckers which sometimes grow 8 ft. to 9 ft. long in a season. Nepal, on mountains 5000ft. to 8000 fl. of elevation. Height 6ft. to 10 ft. Introduced in 1820. Flowers yel- low ; June and July. Berries purplish, with a fine bloom ; ripe in September. Decaying leaves yellow and scarlet. Naked young wood yellowish brown. Very distinct from any of the preceding species or varieties, growing with extraordinary vigour, and capable of being formed into a very handsome small BdrhBris arigtkta. 50 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM UUITANNICUM. tree. The root and wood are of a dark yellow colour, and form the yellow wood of Persian authors ; they are used as a dye, and, being bitter and a little astringent, they, as well as the bark, are employed in medicine. (Royle's J-llust., p. 63.) In "Nepal, the fruit of this species is dried, like grapes for forming raisins, in the sun. A most desirable plant, calculated to produce a splendid effect, both when in flower and when in fruit, upon an open lawn. As a. rapid grower, it ought not to be planted near slow-growing shrubs oi trees. Other Species of Berberis. — B. Coj-idria Royle, a species having the same general appearance as J?, aristata, has been raised in the Horticultural Society's Garden, and there are plants 3 ft. high, but they have not yet flow- ered. Plaflts have been raised in the Horticultural Society's. Garden, and in some nurseries, from seeds received from Mexico and Nepal ; but, though these have new names, it is not certain that they will all prove new species, and therefore we consider it better not to record them till they have flow- ered. In Hoo?c. Bot. Mis. vol. iii., B. chilensis Gill., B. ruscifulia Lam., B. corymbosa Hook, et Am., B. glomerdta Hook, et Arn., and B. Grevillekna. Gill., are described, or mentioned, as having been, found in South America, and Dr. Hooker has specimens of them in his herbarium. Numerous varieties of Berberis vulgaris are raised in the London gardens, under continental names, as if they were species, but very few of them are worth keeping distinct. See in Gard. Mag. for 1840, p. 1., Mr. Gordon's Report on those raised in the Horticultural Society's Garden in 1839. Genus II. AJ ijU Lasa- L^»- MAHO^N/.'l Nutt. lYis.M\aom.\.,or Ash Berberry. Lin.Syst. Hexandria Monogynia. Iderdification. Nutt. Gen. Amer., 1. p. 307. ; Dec. Prod., 1. p. 108. ; Don's Mill., p. 117. Synonymes. Berberis of authors ; Odosttmon Rqf. ; Ash Berberry Pen. Cycl. Derivation, Named by Nuttall in honour of Bernard M^Makon, a seedsman at Philadelphia, the SiUthor oi the American Gardener's Calendar, and an ardent lover of botanical science. Gen. Char. Sepals 6, guarded on the outside by three scales. Petals 6, with- out glands on the inside. Stamens furnished with a tooth on each side at top of the filament. Berries 3 — 9-seeded. (Don's Mill.) Leaves compound, pinnate, alternate, exstipulate, evergreen ; the leaflets coriaceous, with the margins toothed or serrated. Flowers yellow. Fruit mostly black. — Natives of the north-west coast of America, and also of Nepal, and perhaps Japan. Though some botanists think that the characters ascribed to this genus, and those ascribed to Berbeiis, as exhibited in p. 41., are not sufficient to keep them separate as genera ; yet the habits of the species of one, as to the mode of growth, foliage, and inflorescence, are so distinct from those of the other, as to induce us to adopt the genus Mah6ni«. The species in British gardens are all of comparatively slow growth, and admit but of slow multiplication by layers, which require to remain on two years, and scarcely at all by cuttings. ISome of them, however, seed freely, and are readily propagated in this way. The seeds of all the species of Mahonia, and also of those of Berberis, if sown immediately after they are ripe, and protected through the winter from frost, will come up the following spring. « ]. M. FASCicuLA^Els Dec. The crowded-racemed Mahonia, or Ash Berberry. MerUificalion. Dec. Prod., 1. p. 108. : Don's Mill., 1. p 118. Synonyines. Berberis ^mxikta. Lag.. Bot. Reg., Bot. Mag., a.Tii Tor. ^ Gray; .B. fascicularis Pen. Cyc. In the same work it is stated that Mahbni'a diversifftlia is the same as this species ; though U Is figured and described by Sweet, as a species from Monte Video : see Swt. Br. Fl.-Gar., 2d bertes, t. 56. El.gravmss. Bot. Reg., t. 702. ; Bot. Mag., t. 2396. ; and our;^. 72. VI. berbf.ra^cejE : mauo'nu. 51 li. Mahbnta fasclcul&ila. Spec. Char., Src. Leaves of 3 — 6 pairs with an odd one, the lowest pair near the base of liie petiole. Leaflets ovate-lanceolate, ra- ther distant, one- nerved, spiny-toothed, with i or 5 teeth on each side. Racemes nearly erect, much crowded. Filaments bidentate . {Don's Mil. ) An upright evergreen shrub. California and Mexico, on mountains. Height 5 ft. to 8 ft. Introduced in 1819. Flowers yellow ; Mar. to May. Berries pur- ple ; ripe in September. Decaying leaves rich yellow ; drop in June. Very handsome. " Per- haps the most showy of all the family." (Hook.) It is readily distinguished, even at a distance, from the other mahonias, by the glaucous green anil subdued tone of colour of its leaves ; those of all the others being of a darker green, and more or less shining. The plant is rather too tender to be treated as a detached bush, unless some slight protection be given to it during very severe frosts ; but it will grow freely against a wall with scarcely any protection. Layers and seeds. • 2. M. .4quifoYium Nuit. The Holly-leaved Mahonia, or Ash lierberi-y. Identiftcation. Nutt. Gen. Amer., 1. p. 212. \ Dec. Prod., 1. p. 108. ; Don's Mill., 1. p. 118. Synonyme. B^rberis .^quifiiliuin Ph., Pen. Cyc, and Tor. 8; Gray. Engravings. Pursh. Fl. Amer. Sept. 1. 1. 4. ; Bot. Reg., t. 1425. ; and ourj^. 73. Spec. Char., ^c. Leaves of 4 pairs of leaflets with an odd one, the lower pair distant from the base of the petiole; leaflets ovate, ap- proximate, cordate at the base, one-nerved, spiny-toothed, with 9 or 6 teeth on each side. Ra- cemes erect, and much crowded. Filaments bidentate. (D.'sMill.) A shining evergreen shrub. New Albion to Nootka Sound. Height 5 ft. to 7 ft. in its native country, probably 10 ft. in England. In- troduced in 1823. Flowers yel- low ; April and May. Berries . purple ; ripe in September. Vaiieties. One variety, M. A. nut- ianum Dec, is mentioned by De CandoUe ; and another, found at the junction of the Portage river with the Columbia, by G. Don. Torrey and Gray consider Mahonia repens and M. pinnata Menzies as only varieties of tliis species ; an inad- vertence excusable in those who have not seen the plants in a living state. E 2 Mahonia .^quifbliu 52 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. One of the handsomest of evergreen shrubs, attaining the height of 6 ft. in 6 years, quite hardy, producing a profusion of bunches of yellow flowers during April and May. In its native country it grows in rich vegetable soil, among rocks, or in woods, where it forms a thick and rich undergrowth. According to Dr. Lindley, it is " perhaps the handsomest hardy evergreen we yet possess. Its foliage is of a rich, deep, shining green, becoming purple in the winter ; it bears fruit in some abundance, which consists of clusters of roundish hlack berries, having their surface covered with a rich violet bloom. It most resembles M. fascicularis, from which its large shining leaves at once distinguish it." {Penny Cyc, iv. p. 262.) Layers and seeds. «. 3. M. NERVO^SA Nutt. The ■aerse.A-leaved Mahonia, or Ash Berberry, Identification. Nutt. Gen. Amer., 1, p. 212.; Don's Mill., 1. p.US. Synonymes. Birheris nervosa PA., and Tor. S; Gray ; Mahbma glum^- cea Dec.\ Bilrberis glum^cea Pen. Cyc. Engravings. Pursh Fl. Amer., 1. t. 5. ; Bot. Reg., t. H26. j and our Jig.'ri. Spec, Char., Sfc. Leaves of 5 — 6 pairs, with an odd one, the lower pair distant from the petiole; leaflets ovate, acuminated, and re- motely spiny-toothed,some- what 3 — 3-nerved, with 12 or 14 teeth on each side. Racemes elongated. Fila- ments bidentate. {Don's Mill.') An evergreen un- dershrub. North-west of N. America, on the river Columbia, in shady pine woods. Height 2 ft. to 3 ft. Introd. in 1822. Flowers yellow ; October to JVIarch. Berries roundish, glaucous purple, or deep blue ; ripe in July. According to Torrey and Gray, the stem is so low, that it often scarcely rises fi-om the ground, and, indeed, is much shorter than the leaves, which are 1 ft. to 2 ft. in length. Racemes spi- cate, often 6in. to Sin. long. Flowers larger than in M. j^quifolium. The pe- tioles of the leaves. Dr. Lindley says, " are jointed at every pair of leaflets, in the manner of a bamboo stem." The plant is hardy, and will thrive in a shady border of peat soil. One of the handsomest of undershrubs. «. 4. M. re'pens G. Don. The creeping-rooferf Mahonia, or Ash Berberry. lientificatian. G. Don, in Loud. Hort. Brit., No. 28182. J and in Don's Mill., 1. p. 118. Synonymes. Birberis ^quifbliura Lindl. Bot. Iteg., t. 1176. ; Berberis ripens Pen. Cyc. iv. p. 262. ; B. j^quifdliura var. rfepens Tor. & Grny.,l.p. .'iO. Engravings. Bot. Reg., t. 117G. ; and our J^. 76. 75. Mahbnia rfepens. Spec. Char., p of the sdicle. SUwle ovate, com- pressed, its valves concave. Partition elliptic. Cotyledons folded, the embryo root disposed in the sinus of the fold. (i)ec.5yii.) Leaves simple, alternate, exstipulate, sub-evergreen ; toothed or serrated, glaucous. Fliwers in axillary spikes, yellow, seldom succeeded by seed pods in the climate of London.-Shriib low, suffruticose, native of Spain. 54 ARBOllETUai ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. e- 1. Te'lla Pseu^do-Cy'tisus L. Fa\se-Cytisus, or s/irubbt/, Cress-B,ocket, Identification. Lin. Sp. 805. ; Dec. Prod., 1. p. 223. ; Don's Mill., 1. p. 2.54. Sijnonymes. VkWh integrifblia Sal. ; Faux-cytise, Fr, ; strauchartige (shrubby) Velio, Gcr. Ungravijigs. Cav. Ic, 1. 42. ; and our^^, 76. Sjiec. Char., Sj-c. Petals jellow, with long daik purple claws. Larger stamens perfectly con- nate by pairs. (^Doit's Milt.) A low sub- evergreen shrub. Spain, on calcareous hills. Height 2 ft. to 4 ft. Introd. in 1 739. Flowers yellow ; April and May. Silique greenish yellow ; ripe in July. Decaying leaves yellow. Branches arched, spreading, somewhat decum- bent. Leaves glaucous green. Somewhat ten- der, but requires no protection in the climate of London, when planted on dry soil. It is a short-lived plant, like all the .suiFruticose Cru- ciferee, but it may readily be renewed by cuttings or seeds. 7G. r£lln Fseudo-C^tisus. Order VIII. CISTA^GE^. Obd. Char. Sepals 5, two of them being exterior. Petals 5, very fugitive. Stamens numerous. Fruit capsular, 3 — 3-valved, 5 — 10-celled, with pari- etal placentK. Embryo inverted. Properties balsamic. (Lindl.) Leaves simple, opposite or alternate (the lowest leaves always oppo- site), stipulate or exstipulate, deciduous or sub-evergreen; generally pubes- cent, pubescence simple or stellate. Flowers large, showy, white, red, or purple. — Shrubs low, suffrutescent, maiiy subherbaceous ; natives of Europe and Africa. The Cistaceae have no medical properties ; but the resinous balsamic sub- stance called ladanum or labdanum is produced from C. creticus, C. lada- niferus, C. /aurifolius, and one or two other species. Their use in gardens is for ornamenting rockwork, or for keeping in pits during the winter, and planting out in flower-borders in spring ; as, from the tenderness of the finer species, they are unfit for a permanent place in a shrubbery or arboretum. Most of even the larger-growing kinds require some protection during winter : but they will all grow freely in any soil that is dry ; and they are readily propagated by seeds, which, in fine seasons, they produce in abundance, or by cuttings ; the plants, in both cases, flowering the second year. Though easily propagated, the Cistacese do not readily bear transplanting, having very few fibres, and these rambling to a great distance from the main root. Plants for sale ought, therefore, to be always kept in pots; and, in the winter season, they should be protected by some slight covering during severe weather. The hardy ligneous species are included in two genera ; which are thus contradistinguished by DeCandoUe and G. Don : — Ci'sTUs L. Capsule 10 — 3-celled. Helia'nthemum Toiim. Capsule 1 -celled, 3-valved. Genus I. au..,. m-.^ -m A m CI'STUS L. The Cistus, or Rock Rose. Lm. Syst. Polyandria Monogynia. Derivitiun. From the Greek word kiste^ a box or capsule, or the Anglo-Saxon cist a hollow VIII. CIST/VCEiF. : Cl'STUS. 30 vessel i on account of the shape of its capsules. In Martyn's Mii/i-r, the name is said to be derived from tliat of the youth Cistus, whose story is to be found in Cassianus TBassus. Others derive it from kis, a worm or weevil. Idi^fitijication. Tourn.» Lin., Dec, G. Don. Ssjumipnes. Holly Rose, Gerard ; Gum Cistus j Ciste, Fr. ; Clsten Rose, Ger. ; Cisto Ital. Gen. Char. Cali/x of 5 sepals, 5i?pn/s disposecLin « double serips; 9. outer ones unequal, sometimes wanting. Petals 3, equal, somewhat cuneated, cailucous. Stamens numerous, usually exserted from the glandular disk. Style filiform. Stigma capitate. Capsule covered by the calyx, 3- or 10-valved, with a seminiferous partition in the middle of each valve, therefore 3- or 10-celled. Seeds ovate, angular. Embryo filiform, spiral. Leaves simple, opposite, exstipulate, sub-evergreen, entire or toothed ; the petioles embracing the stem. Floiaers axillary, or many flowered peduncles ; large, beautiful, resembling a rose, red or white. — Shrubs or subshrubs, natives of the South of Europe and North of Africa. Only two or three species ,or subspecies, and their varieties, are hardy in the climate of Loncion. cistus purp ■ reus. «- 1. Ci'sTCs purpu'reus Lam. The purple-cowered Cistus, or Rock Rose. Identification. Lam. Diet., 2. p. 14. ; Dec. Prod., 1. p. 264. j Don's Mill., 1. p. 298. Stfitanymes. C. criticus Hort. Kew. ; the purple Gum Cistus. the purple shrubby Cistus; Ciste pourpre, Fr. ; purpurrothe Cisten Rose, Ger. Engravings. Bot. Reg., t. 408. ; Swt. Cist., t. 17. i and oar fig. 77. Spec. Char., ^c. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, obtuse or acute, and more or less rugose ; reticulately veined, , with undulated margins. Petioles short, hairy, con- nected at the base, and sheathing the stem. Flowers terminal, from 1 to 6, on short peduncles. Bracteas sessile, leaf-like, pubescent, broad and concave at the \ base, where they are connected, and terminating in acute points. Pedicels short, and with the calyx hairy. Calyx of 5 sepals. Petals 3 or 6, obovate or wedge- shaped ; very much imbricate, more or less crum- pled. Stamens numerous, filaments smooth. Style very short ; and stigma large, capitate, 3-lobed, papil- lose. {Suit. Cist.) A sub-evergreen low bush. Levant. Height 3 ft. to 4 ft. Introduced in 1639. Flowers lai'ge, bright reddish purple, with a yellow spot at the base. June and July. Capsule brown ; ripe in Sept. Decaying leaves brown. Branches numerous, erect, and clothed with a brownish pubescence. The flowers are very large and handsome, of a bright reddish purple, with a yellow spot at the base, above which is a large dark purple velvet murk, surrounded with red, and slightly branched. The petals are imbricate, and much crumpled. It flowers abundantly in June and July ; grows very fast, is easily propagated by cuttings, and is very ornamental. n. 2. C. iNCA^NUs L. The hoary Cistus, or Rock Rose. Identification. Lio. Sp., 737.! Smith's Fl. Grajc, 494.; Don'r Mill., 1. p. 298. Synora/mes. C. ilbidus Bort. ; C. cymftsus Dec. ; Ciste cotonneux, Fr. ; bestaubte Cisten Rose, Ger. Engravings. Bot. Mag., t. 43. ; Swt. Cist., t. 44. ; and onrfig. 78. Spec. Char., ^c. Leaves spathulate, tomentose, wrinkled, somewhat 3-nerved, sessile, somewhat connate at the base, upper ones narrower. Peduncles 1 — 3-flowered. (Son's Mill.) A hoary evergreen shrub. Spain and France. Height 2 fl. to 3 ft. Introduced in 1397. Flowers reddish purple, with the petioles emarginate. June and July. Capsule brown ; ripe in September. Decaying leaves brown. Quite hardy in dry soil. E 4 Cistlis inc&nua. 56 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. C. corbariMisis. n- 3. C. corbarie'nsis Pourr. The Corbieres Cistus, or Ttock Ruse. Uenliflctttim. Dec. Prod., 1. p. 205. ; Don's Mill., 1. p. 299. Sjjiwmimes. C. salvlaeftlius /3 Dec. Prod. Fl. Fr., 4. p. 813. ; C. popillifWius minor, in some nurseries ; C. hjbridus Pourr., not of Vahl, Engravings. Swt. Cist,, t. 8. ; and our,;?^. 79. Spec. Cliar. Sfc. Leaves stalked, somewhat cordate, ovate, acuminated, with fringed margins, wrinkled on both surfaces, and very glutinous. Peduncles long, 1 — 3-flowered. (Don's Mill') A sub-evergreen shrub. South of France, on the mountains of Corbieres ; and also in Spain. Height 2 ft. to 3 ft. Introduced in 1656. Flowers white; May and June. Capsule brown ; ripe in August. A handsome plant, and, according to Sweet, one of the hardiest species of the genus, thriving well in common g;u'den soil, and in any situation where it is not too moist. It conti- nues in bloom for about two months ; and every day during that period the plant is covered with a profusion of hand- some white flowers, the margins of which are tinged with rose colour. The rose-coloured buds are also very pretty before the flowers expand. • 4. C. POPULiFOLius Z. The Poplar-leaved Cistus, or Rock Rose. Identification. Lin. Sp 736. ; Don's Mill., 1. p. 300. Synoiiymes. Cistus populifblius Cav. Izan. ; Ciste S FeuiUes de Feuplier, Fr. ; Pappel-blattrige Cisten Rose, Ger. Engravings. Swt. Cist. 23. ; and our fig. 80. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves stalked, cordate, acuminate, wrinkled, smooth. Flowers cymose. Peduncles bracteate. Bracteas oblong. Sepals acuminate, clammy. (Don's Mil/.) A sub-evergreen shrub of vigorous growth. France and Spain. Height 5 ft. to 7 ft. Introduced in 1656. Flowers white, with distinct petals ; May to July. Capsule brown ; ripe in September. Leaves dark green, cordate, clammy, with undulate margins. One of the most robust species of the genus, and also one of the hardiest. A plant 7 ft. high, in the grounds at Syon, stood through the winter of 1837-8 uninjured, without the slightest protection. so. osw, popuutMiu.. « 5. 'C. iAURiFo^nus L. The Lourel-leavcd Cistus, or Rock Rose. Identification. Lin. Sp. 736. ; Clus. Hist. 1. p. 78. f. I. ; Don's Mill., 1. p. 300. Synonymes. Ciste ^ Feuilles de Laurier, Fr. ; Lorbeer-bliittrige Cisten Rose, Ger. Engravings. Clus. Hist., I. p. 78. f. 1. ; Swt. Cist., t. 52. ; and our^?^. 81. Spec. Char., Src Leaves stalked, ovate- lanceolate; 3-nerved, upper surface gla- brous,: under surface tomentose. Foot- stalks dilated, and connate at the base. Capsules 5-celled. (Don's Mill.) A ' sub-evergreen bush. South of France, and Spain. Height 4- ft. to 5 ft. In- troduced in 177 1. Flowers large, white, with light red bracteas ; July and Aug. Capsule brown ; ripe in October. A very robust species, with large green laurel-like leaves. It produces an abundance of flowers, which, with their light red bracteas, are very ornamental before they expand, resembling, at a distance, the bursting buds of roses. It requires no protection j and may be raised from seeds, which it ripens in abundance; and also by cuttings, which, however, do not strike so freely as in some of the other species. 81. Cfstus /aurifbli VIII. CISTACE^: Cj'STUS. 57 • 6. C. ladam'fekus L. The Ladanum-bearing Gum Cistus, or Rock Bote. Idmtification. Lin. Sp. 737. ; Don's Mill., 1. p. 300. Synoiiymes. Ciiteladanirere, Fj-.; Ladanum Cisten Rose, Ger. ; Ladano, Hal. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves almost sessile, connate at the ; base, linear-lanceolate, 3-nerved, upper surface gla- brous, under surface tonientose. Capsule 10-celled. Petals imbricate. (Don's Mill.) A sub-evergreen shrub. Spain and Portugal, on hills. Height 4 (it. to 5 ft. Introduced in 1629. Flowers large, white, 1 in. to 2 in. broad ; June and July. Capsule brown ; ripe in September. Varieties. C. I. 1 dlbifldrus Dec. Prod. i. p. 266., Swt. Cist. t. 9-t. ; iedon, i., Clus. Hist. i. p. 78. ic. ; and C. I. 2 maadatus Dec. Prod. 1. c. (Swt. Cist.; and our Jig. 82.) ; C 1. 3 plenifolius Ait. Hort. Kew. iii. p. 305. ; are varieties of this species. The leaves are lanceolate, and nearly sessile, of a deep green ; the flowers terminating the branches, solitary, white, and large. The variety C. ladanfferus macuiatus, which our fig. 82. represents, is a plant of very great beauty, and no collection should be without it. 82. C. ladanif. macul&tus. e 7. C. (v.) cy'prius Lam. The Gwm Cistus, or Cyprus Rock Rose. Umtification. Lam. Diet., 2. p. 16. ; Don's Mill., 1. p. 300. Synonymes. C. ladanirerus Eot. Mag. 1. 112; ; Cistus stenophyllus Link Enum. 2. p. 74.? ; C. «allcl- R>lius of some. Engravings. Swt. Cist., t. 39. ; and our.^. 83. Spec. Char., Ifc. Leaves stalked, oblong-lanceolate, upper surface glabrous, under surface clothed with hoary tomentum. Peduncles generally many- flowered. Petals spotted. Capsules 3-celled. (Don's Mill.) A splendid sub-evergreen shrub. Island of Cyprus. Height 5 ft. to 6 ft- Introduced in 1800. Flowers white, 2 in. to 3 in. across, imbricated, each petal having a dark rich brownish crimson spot at the base; June and July. Capsule brown ; ripe in September. One of the handsomest species of the genus, and so closely resembling C. ladaniferus, as, in our opinion, to be nothing more than a variety of that species. Young cuttings. Sweet observes, planted under hand-glasses in autumn, will strike root; but the best way is to raise them from layers or from seed. There was, in 1834, a plant of this species at Minard, in Ar- gyllshire, 7 ft. 9 in. high, with a head 12 ft. in diameter, which is clothed with flowers every year. Other Species of Cistus axe described in Sweet's Cislinem, as nearly equally hardy with the above ; but the experience of the winter of 1837-8 has induced us to omit them. Those who intend to treat them as garden plants, and can afford them a little protection during winter, will find 36 species, besides varieties, described in the first edition of this work, and several of them figured. Those who intend only to have a collection of showy species, with- out much regard to their names, will have recourse to the mode recommended in the concluding paragraph on the Helianthemum. (p. 61.) The following species or subspecies were found tolerably hardy in the Canterbury Nursery : C. heterophyllus, C. creticus, C. crispus, C. Cupanianus, C. hirsutus, C. laxus, C. villfisus, C. oblongifolius, C. undulatus, C. ialvisefohus, C. longifolius, C. psilos^palus. 83. Cistus cyprius. 5ft ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. Genus II. HELIA'NTHEMUM, a^ _a=^ *^ The Hblianthemdm, or Suit Rose. Lin. Syst. Polydndria Monogynia. Jdentificatim. Tourn. Inst., 248. 1. 128. ; Deo. Prod., 1. p. 266. -, Don's Mill., 1. p. 301. Synanymes. CIsti species of Lin. ; Heliantheme Sonnen Gurtel, Ger. ; Eliantemo, Ital. Derivation, From fielios, the sun, and ant/temon, a flower ; because the flowers open with the rising of the sun in the morning, and the petals fall off with the setting of the sun in the evening. The flowers of Helianthemum, as well as of CIstus, only last for a few hours when the sun shines ; and if the weather is dull, and the sun does not make its appearance, the flowers do not open, but remain unexpanded. Should this continue for several days together, they will decay in the bud. Gen. Char. Calyx of 3 — 5 sepals;. the two outer usually smaller than the inner ones, rarely larger. Petals 5, usually regularly denticulated at the top. Stigma capitate. Style sometimes almost wanting, sometimes straight, sometimes oblique, and sometimes bent at the base. Ovary triquetrous. Capsule S-valved. Seeds angular, smooth. Leaves simple, opposite or alternate, stipulate or exstipulate, sub-ever- green ; 3-nerved or feather-nerved. Flowers axillary or terminal. Pedicels usually furnished vpith bracteas at the base. — Shrubs or subshrubs, low, prostrate, resembling herbaceous plants ; natives of Europe ; and of the easiest culture in any common soil. *~ 1. H. vuLGA^RE Gcert. The common Helianthemum, or San Rose. Identificatiim. Gffirt Fruct., 1. p. 371. t. 76. ; Don's Mill., 1. p. 311. Sffnonyme. Cistus Heli&nthemum Lin. Sp. 1. p. 744., Sm. Engl. Bot. 1321., Curt. Fl. Land. 5. t. 36. Engravings Eng. Bot., 1. 1321. ; andour^g. 84. ' Spec. Char., S^c. Stem suffruticose, procumbent, branched, branches elongated. Leaves scarcely revolute at the margins ; under surface cinereously hoary ; upper surface green, pilose, somewhat ciliated. Lower leaves somewhat orbicular, middle ones ovate-elliptical, upper ones oblong. Stipules oblong-linear, ciliated, longer than the foot- stalks of the leaves. Racemes loose. Pedicels and calyxes pilose. (Don's Mill.) A procumbent Fub-evergreen under- shrub. Europe and Britain, in dry and hilly pastures. Height 6 in. to I ft. Flowers yellow ; May to September. Varieties. There is a very handsome double-iiowered variety, with pale yellow flowers ; and another, called Lee's new double yellow, with dark yellow flowers ; both of which are in general cultivation in the nurseries. De Candolle also notices two forms of the species : one with tomentose pubescent branches, *"'■ "• ■"'ig^«- and stipules scarcely longer than the footstalks of the leaves; and another with branches glabrous at the base, but pubescent upwards, and the stipules twice or thrice the length of the petioles of the leaves. The stamens, if touched during sunshine, spread slowly, and lie down upon the petals. {Smith.) " A very variable species," even in a wild state ; and, in gardens, many beautiful varieties, single and double, have been originated from it by cross fecundation with Continental helianthemums, and perhaps with cistuses. IL. 2. H. (v.) suRREJA^NUM Milt. The Sur- rey Helianthemum, or Sun Rose. MfMification. Mill. Diet., No. 16. ; Swt. Cist., t. 28. ; Don's Mill., 1. p. 311. Synonyme. Cfstus surrejknus Lin. Sp. 743., Smithes Eng. Bot. Engravings Dill. Elth., 177. t. 145. f. 174. ; Swt. Cist., t. 28. ; Eng. Bot., t. 2207. ; and our fig. 86. Spec. Char., S^c. Stem suffruticose, procum- bent. Leaves ovate oblong, rather pilose. Racemes many-flowered, terminal. Pe- 35. Heliinthtmum surrejanum. VIII. cistacejE: helia nthemum. 59 tals narrow, lanceolate, jagged. (Don's Mill.) A procumbent, sub-ever- . green, suffruticose, undershrub. Britain, in Surrey, near Croydon. Height 6 in. to 1 ft. Flowers yellow, with the petals distinct, and the calyxes pilose ; July to October. »~ 3. H. (v.) SERPYLLiFo^LiuM Mill. The Wild-Thyme-leaved Helianthe- mum, or Sun Rose. Jdent(ftcalion. Mill. Diet, No. 8. ; Don's Mill., 1. p. 311 . Synonyme. CIstus serpyllif61iu8 Lin. Sp. 743. Engravings. Swt. Cist., t. 60. ; and out Jig. 86. Spec. Char., 8;c. Stem suflTruticose. Branches ascend- ent, glabrous at the base, and pilose at the apex. Leaves oblong-elliptical, with revolute margins ; under surface hoary-tomentose ; upper surface intensely green, shining, at first rather pilose, afterwards almost smooth. Stipules and bracteas green, ciliated. Ca- lyxes canescent, with inconspicuous down, and with the nerves sparingly pilose. (DorCs Mill?) A trailing, 86. h .rerpjuifouuni. sub-evergreen, suffruticose undershrub. Alps of Styria and Austria, and in Britain, in Somersetshire. Height 6 in. to 1ft. Introduced in 1731; dis- covered in England in 1826. Flowers large, yellow, with the petals distinct; May to September. t- 4. H. (v.) GRANDIFLO^RUM Hec. The large-flowered Helianthemum, m Sun Rose. Identification. Dec. Fl. Fr., 4. p. 821. ; Don's Mill., 1. p. 311. Syrumyme. Cfstus gruDdiflbrus Scop. Cam. ed. 2. No. 648. t. 25. Engravings. Swt. Cist., t. 69. ; Scop. Cam., ed. 2. t. 25. ; and cur fig. 87. Spec. Char., ^c. Stem suffruticose, ascending. Branches hairy. Upper leaves flattish, oblong, rather pilose; upper surface green, under surface sometimes pale cinereous. Stipules ciliated, rather longer than the footstalks of the leaves. Flowers large. Calyxes rather hairy. (Don's Mill.) A neat, little, bushy, sub-evergreen, sui&uticose undershrub, bearing a close resemblance to H. vulgare, but larger in all its parts. Pyrenees. Height 6 in. to 1 ft. Introduced in 1800. Flowers large, pale yellow ; June to August. *-. 5. H. (v.) tau'bicum Fisch. The Taurian Helianthemum, or Sun Rose. Identification. Fisch. MSS. ; Don's Mill., 1. p. 312. Engravings. Swt. Cist., 105.; and our.^^. 88. Spec. Char., S[C. Stem suffiuticose, much branched, pro- cumbent. Branches procumbent, beset with long hairs. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, with rather revolute margins, pilose on both surfaces, green above, and paler beneath. Stipules lanceolate-linear, ciliated, longer than the petiole. Flowers large. Calyx shining, rather hairy. Petals imbri- cate. (Don's Mill.) A procumbent, sub-evergreen, suffruti- cose undershrub. Tauria. Height 6 in. to 1 ft. Introduced in 1820. Flowers large, pale yellow ; May to October. 88. H. tadrimm. ResemWes H. grandiflorum ; but differs from it in the branches spreading flat on the ground, and extending to a great distance. i~ 6. H. (v ) apenni'num Dec. The Apennine Helianthe- mum, or Sun Rose. Identification. Dec. Fl. Fr., 4. p. 824 ; Don's Mill., 1. p. 313. Synonymes. Cistus apenninus Lin. Sp. 744.?, Dill. EUh. 170. ; Cistus his- piduE /3 Lam. Diet. 2. p. 26. ; Erha bottoncina, Ital. Engravings. Swt. Cist., t. 62.; and oar fig. 89. 87. H. gnudiabrui 89. H. apcr.nt:;um. 60 -IRBOIiETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. Spec. Char., Sfc. Stem suffruticose, branched. Branches spreading, hoary tomentose. Leaves stalked, oblong linear, with the margins scarcely reyo- hite; under surface tomentose, upper surface glaucescent, but at length becoming smooth. Stipules awl-shaped, longer than the footstalks of the leaves. Calyxes covered with very short hairs, sti'iated, cinereously glaucous, bluntibh. (Doris Mill.) A procumbent, sub-evergreen, suflfruticose, under- shruh. Germany and Italy, on dry hills and places exposed to the sun. Height 6 in. to 1 ft. Introduced in 1731. Flowers white, with the petals distinct, and marked with yellow at their base ; May to August. f~ 7. H. (v.) macra'nthum Swt. The large-flowered Helianthemum, or Sun Rose. Jdenirficitiion. Don's Mill., ]. p. 313. Engravings. Swt. Cist., 1. 103.; and our^^. 90. >a^ H. macrfinthum. Spec. Char., Sic Stem suffruticose. Branches procum- bent, rather tomentose. Leaves flat, ovate oblong, acutish ; smooth above, and densely tomentose beneath ; pale cinereous. Stipules rather pilose; about equal to, or longer than, the petioles. Calyx stri- ated, pilose. Petals distinct. (^Doris Mill.) A procumbent, sub-evergreen, suffruticose undershrub. Originated in gardens. Height 6 in. to 1 ft. Cultivated in 1828. Flowers larger than in any other species ; cream-coloured white, with the petals distinct, spreading, and very slender at the base, where they are marked with yel- low ; May to August. Varieti/. s, H. rn. 2 multiplex (Swt. Cist.,t. 104.; and our _^g. 9 1 .) '^]. h. m. in(iiiii.i<:i. is a beautiful plant, not only on account of its fine double flowers, but of its habit of growth. It ought to be in every cistacetum. »~ 8. H. (v.) cane'scens Swt. The canescent-/eaj;ed Helianthemum, or Sun Rose. Untijiraijon. Swt. Cist., t. BI. ; Don's Mill., 1. p. 313. Engravings. Swt. Cist., t. 51. ; and our fig. 92. Spec. Char., 8;c. Stem suffruticose, branched, diffuse. Branches ascending, rather tomentose, canescent. Leaves flat, or hardly revolute at the margins ; under surface tomentosely hoary, upper surface greenish glaucous. Lower leaves ovate oblong, obtuse ; upper ones lanceolate, acute. Stipules linear, ciliated, somewhat longer than the footstalks. Calyxes smoothish, but with the nerves pubescent. Petals imbricated. {Doris Mill.) A procumbent, sub-evergreen, suffruticose undershrub. Originated in gardens. Height 6 in. to 1 foot. Cultivated in 1826. Flowers reddish crimson ; May to August. A splendid plant, with reddish crimson flowers; the petals imbricated, and having a small orange spot at the base of each. Sweet considers it as having the darkest-coloured, if not the handsomest, flowers of ' the genus. The flowers are also, he says, very large for the size of the plant. It is nearly related to H. rhodanthum, but is readily distinguished from it by its canescent leaves, and stronger habit of growth. t- 9. H. (v. ) HYSSOPIFOLIUM Tenore. The Hyssop-leaved Helianthemum, nr Sun Rose, Identification Tenor. Syn. Fl. Neap., p. 48.; Don's Mill., 1. p. 314. VIII. CISTA CEiE : HELIa'ntHEMUM. 61 Sj^ec. Char .J-c. Stem suffruticose, ascending. Branches hairy-tomentose. Lower leaves oval ; upper ones oblong-lanceolate, green on both surfaces, flat, hairy. Calyxes hairy. Petals imbricate. (Don's Mill.) A sub- evergreen suffruticose undershrub, with the branches ascending. Ori>'i- nated m gardens. Height 1 ft. to li ft. Cultivated in 1827. Flowers variable from salFron to red ; May to' August. Capsule brown ; ripe in September. Varying considerably by culture. Varieties, f~ H. h. I crocdtum (Swt. Cist., t. 92.) has flowers saffron-coloured, with more or less of a ferrugineous tint, and may represent the species. i- H. h. 2 cupreum (Swt. Cist., t. 58._) has^ flowers of a reddish copper-colour. *~ H. h. 3 »ii(fc/ifej:(Swt. Cist., t. 72.; and our ^. 93.) has double flowers, of a reddish copper-colour. All the three forms of this variety are splendid plants ; they are hardy, of luxuriant growth, flower- ing freelj', and of the easiest culture, either in pots or on banks of light sandy soil, covered with flints or stones. The flowers of the copper-coloured va- ^'- "■ <'•' isssopiauum. riety, and also the leaves, are larger than those of the two other kinds. The double-flowered variety appears to be of a more upright habit of growth, and not quite so robust as the others. -« 10. H. sCABRO'suM Pers. The rough Helianthemum, or Sun Rose. Identification. Pers. Ench., 2. p. 76. ; Brot. FI. Lus., 2. p. 265. ; Don's MiU., i. p. 302. St/7umi/me. Cistus scabrosus Ait. Hort. Kew. 2. p. 236. Ejigravings. Swt. Cist., t. 81. ; and OMrJig. 94. Spec. Char., ^c. Erectish. Branches pilosely to- mentose, scabrous, canescent. Leaves sessile, tapering to the base, oblong-ovate, acutisli, roughish, 3-nerved, with waved revolute margins ; upper surface green, under surface clothed with grey tomentum. Peduncles terminal, 1 — 2-flow- ered, shorter than the leaves. Calyx 3-sepaled, hairy. Petals distinct. {Don's Mill.) A sub-ever- green erect undershrub. Portugal. Height 2 ft. to 3 ft. Introduced in 1775. Flowers rich yellow ; June to August. Capsule brown ; ripe in Sept. Differs from most other species of Helianthemum, in growing erect. It forms a very handsome little bush, but it requires a sheltered situation, and a dry soil. Many other Kinds of Helianthemums described in Sweet's CistinetB are, perhaps, as hardy as those we have selected ; but it would be of little use giving them here, the greater part having been lost during the winter of 1837-8. In the first edition of this Arboretum 99 species are described, besides varieties. Sup- posing a cultivator about to form a collection of Cistacese, we should attach much less importance to his being able to procure all the sorts of Cfstus and Helianthemum described in Sweet's Cistineee, than to his obtaining all the sorts easily procurable, whatever names they might pass under, and cross-fecunda- ting them so as to produce new forms. There can be no doubt whatever that the sorts of both the genera Cfstus and Helianthemum might, by cross-fe- cundation, be increased ad infinitum; and, considering their very great beauty as border and rookwork shrubs, we think they merit the attention of culti- vators at least as much as many florist's flowers. 94. H. scabrosum. 6-2 ARBORETUM ET FKUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. Section III. Ovarium solitary ; Placenta central. ( The Column in the Fruit to which the Seeds are attached central, and not adhering to the Side as in Section II.} Order IX. JfALVA^CE^E, Ord. Char. Caly.^ with a valvate aestivation, mostly with an involucre. Sta- mens with the filaments monadelphous, and the anthers 1-ceIIed. Pubes- cence starry. (Lindl.) — Trees or shrubs, deciduous, natives of warm climates. Leaves simple, alternate, stipulate, deciduous ; more or less divided. Hairs stellate, axillary. Flowers on peduncles, large, showy. — The only genus containing hardy species is jf?ibfscus. The genus Lavatera contains some species which have an arborescent appearance, but which are in fact only suffrutescent biennials or triennials. Genus I. -fflBI'SCUS L. The Hibiscus. Lin. St/st. Monadelphia Polyandria. Identiflctttion. Lin. Gen., 846. ; Dec. Prod , 1. p. 446. ; Don's Mill., 1. p. 476. Synonymes. Ketmie, Fr. ; Eibiscll, Ger. \ Ibisco, Hal. Derivation. The v/ord hibis/cos is one of the names given by tlie Greelts to the mallow. TheinMscus of Pliny appears to be .in umbelliferous plant ; while that of Virgil is a plant with pliant branches, which was made into baskets. The word Hibiscus is supposed by some to be derived from ibis, a stork, which is said to feed on some of the species. Ketmie (Fr.) is derived from KHmia. the name given to the genus by Tournefort. Eibisch is the German aboriginal word for the mallow. Gen. Char. Calyx encompassed by a many-leaved, rarely by a few-leaved, in- volucel, or one with its leaves connate. Petals not auricled. Stigmas 5. barpek joined into a 5-celled 5-valved capsule, with a dissepiment in the middle of each valve on the inside. Cells many-seeded, rarely 1-seeded. Leaves simple, alternate, stipulate, deciduous ; variously lobed and toothed, generally ovate-wedge-shaped. Flowers pedunculate, large, showy. — The only hardy ligneous species is H. syriacus. S4 1. H. svRi^Acus L. The Syrian Hibiscus, or Althcea Frutex. Identification. Lin. Sp., 978. ; Dec, Prod., 1 . p. 448. ; Don's Mill., 1. 478. Synomjmes. Ketmie des Jardins, Fr. ; Syrischer Eibisch, Ger. Derivation. It is called Althaa from the resemblance of its flowers to those of the ^Itha'a rbsea. Engravings. Cav. Diss., 3. t. 69. f. 1. ; Bot. Mag., t. 83. ; and our Jig. 96. Spec. Char., &c. Stem unarmed, arboreous. Leaves ovate, wedge-shaped, 3-'obed, toothed. Pedicels hardly longer than the leaves. Involucel 6 — 7-leaved. (Don's Mill.) A deciduous shrub. Syria and Carniola. Height 6 ft. Introduced in 1596. Flowers large, single or double, wliite, red, purple, or variegated ; August and September. Capsule greenish brown ; ripe in October. Decaying leaves yellowish green. Naked wood white One of our most ornamental hardy shrubs, of which there are the following varieties : — ^ H. «. 2 foliis variegdtis. — Leaves variegated. 3 Jlore variegato. — Flowers variegated. i Jlore purpureo. — Flowers purple. 5 Jlore purpurea plena. — Flowers double, purple, ^ Jlore rubra. — Flowers red. 7 Jlore alba. — Flowers white. 8 Jlore alba plena. — Flowers double, whitei Hibiscus syriacufi- * H. aH. aH. afc H. St H. IX. jl/ALVA^CE^. X. tiliaVe.t!. 63 Branches numerous, upright, white-barked; their general character being rather ftistigiate than spreading. Leaves variously lobed ; flowers axillary, arge, and bell-shaped. Conspicuously ornamental ; and the more valuable, because ,t produces its flowers at a time of the year when few shrubs are lu bloom. It forms beautiful garden hedges ; more especially when the different sorts ai-e planted in a harmonious order of succession, according to their colours ; and when the plants are not clipped, but carefully pruned with the knife. In the colder parts of Britain, and in the north of Germany, few ornamental shrubs better deserve being planted against a wall. It will grow m almost any soil not too wet ; but, like all the iWalvacese, seems to prefer one which is sandy, deep, and rich, rather than poor. An open airy situation, where it will rijien its wood, is essential. The single-flowered varieties are propagated by seed, which come up true to their respective colours ; and the double-flowered varieties are propagated by layers, by grafting on the common sorts, and sometimes by cuttings of the ripened wood, planted in sand in autumn, and covered with a hand-glass during the winter. Order X. TILIA^CEiE. Orb. Char. Sepals 4 or 5, with a valvate aestivation, mostly without an invo- lucre. Petals i or 5, or rarely not any. Stamens hypogynous, generally numerous, with filaments separate, and anthers 2-celled. Mostly glands between the petals and ovarium. Ovaiy and fruit single, of 4 — 10 carpels grown together ; cells in the fruit, at least in some, not so many as the carpels. {Lindley.) — Trees and shrubs chiefly from warm climates. Leaves simple, alternate, stipulate, deciduous ; cordate. Flowers panicled, yellowish, fragrant, with an oblong bractea united to the common stalk. Capsule downy. — The only genus which is perfectly hardy is Tilia ; native of Europe and North America. Genus I. n'LIA L. The Lime Tree. Lin. Syst. Polyandria Monog/nia. Identificaliim. Lin. Gen., 660. ; Dec. Prod., 1. p. 612. ; Don's Mill., 1. p. 552. Synonymes. Line Tree, Gerard ; Lind, An^lo-Sax. ; Tilleul, Fr. ; Bast-holtz, Ger, ; Linde, Ger. and Dutch ; Tiglia, Ital. ; Tilo, Span. ; Lipa, Euss. Derivation. In London and "Wise's Retired Gardener the name of nlia is derived from the Greek word pliton, a feather, from the feathery appearance of the bracteas ; but others derive it from tlie Greek word tilai, light bodies floating in the air like wool or feathers. Tilleul is from ^azV/er,, either because the tree bears pruning well, or the wood may be easily carved. Bast-holtz is literally bark wood, in allusion to the use of the bark, in forming mats. Gen, Char, Calyx 5-parted. Petals 5, Stamens numerous, free, or some- what polyadelphous. Ovary globose, villous, 1-styled, 5-celled ; cells 2- ovuled. Nut coriaceous, 1-celled, 1 — 2-seeded, from abortion. (Don's Mill., i. p. SiO.) — Timber trees, with a tough fibrous bark, large deciduous leaves, mellifluous flowers, and a remarkable bractea attached to the pe- duncle of each of the cymes of flowers. Natives of Europe and North America. Leaves simple, alternate, stipulate, deciduous ; cordate. — The species are three, according to some ; and more than twice that number, according to others. Our opinion is, that they may be all included under two, T, europae^a and T. americana. It 1, 7". EUROPiE^A X. The European, or cowzOTOM, Lime Tree. Identification. Lin. Sp. 733. ; Don's Mill., 1 . p. ■''62. ; Smith's Eng. Fl., 3. p. 16. Synonymes. T. intermddia Dec. Prod. I. 513. ; or T. vulgaris Hayne Dend. ; T. euro?je''a boreal* IVahl. 04 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. 96. T^Ua europs^a. Spec. Char., Sfc. Petals without scales. Leaves cordate, acuminated, ser- rated, smooth, except a tuft of hair at the origin of the veins beneath, twice the length of the petioles. Cymes many-flowered. Fruit coriaceous, downy. {Don's Mill.) A large deciduous tree. Europe, and Britain in some aboriginal woods. Height 60 ft. to 90ft. Flowers yellowish white; August and September. Fruit yellow ; ripe in October. Decaying leaves yellow, or yellowish brown. Naked voung wood reddish, or yellowish brown. » Varieties. The extensive distribution and long cultivation of this tree in Europe have given rise to the following varieties, or races, described by most botanists as species : — A. Varieties differing in respect to Foliage. S T. e. 1 parvifblia. T. microphylla Vent., Willd., Dec, and G. Don ; T. e. var. y L.; T. alraifolia Scop. ; T. sylvestris Desf. ; T. parvifolia Elirh., Hayne Dend. ; T. cordata Mill. ; Tilleul a petites Feuilles Fr. ; kleinblattrige Linde, or Winterlinde, Ger. (Willd. Holzart, t. 106.; Engl. Bot., t. 1705.; and our /g. 97.) — Leaves cordate, roundish, acuminated, sharply- serrated ; smooth above, glaucous and bearded beneath on the axils of the veins, as well as in hairy blotches. Fruit rather globose, hardly ribbed, very thin and brittle. Native of Europe, in sub-mountainous woods ; in England, frequent in Essex and Sussex, This variety is distinguish- / able, at first sight, from all the others, by the smallness of its leaves, which are only about 2 in. broad, and sometimes scarcely longer than their slender footstalks. The flowers are also much ^'- t. micropwua. smaller than in any of the other varieties ; they expand later ; and they are very fragrant, having a scent like those of the honeysuckle There was, in 1834, a subvariety of this in the garden of the Hort Soc, under the name of T. parvifolia glauca. t T. e. 2 grandifolia. T. platyphylla Scop. ; T. cordifolia Bess. ; T curopEB^a Desf. ; T. grandifolia Ehrh. and Smith ; broad-leaved downy Lime Tree ; Tilleul a grandes Feuilles, or Tilleul de IIol- X. riLIA CE^ : n'LIA. 6& rilia europee^a platyph^lla. lande, Fr. (Vent. Diss., p. 6. t. 1. f. 2. ; the plate in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. V. ; and our Jig. 98.) — Leaves cordate, roundish, acuminated, sharply serrated, downy beneath ; origin of their veins woolly. Branches hairj'. Cymes 3-flowered. Fruit woody, downy, turbinate, with 5 prominent angles. This tree is readily distinguished from T. e. parvifolia by its much larger and rougher leaves, and, also, by its rougher bark and hispid branches. T. e. 3 intermedia. T. intennedia Hayne ; T. platyph;^lla minor Hort. (The plate of this variety in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. v. ; and our fig. 99. ) — Leaves intermediate between T. e. grandifdlia 99. mia europas^a intennfedja. and T. e. parvifolia. This variety is the most common in Britain ; T. e. grandifolia in the South of Europe ; and T. e. parvifolia in the North of Europe, and especially in Sweden. T. e. 4 ladraata. T. platyph/Ua laciniata Hort. ; T. asplenifolia nova Hort. (The plate in Arb. Brit., 1st edition, vol. v. ; and our fig. 100.) — Leaves deeply and irregularly cut and twisted, scarcely two on the tree being alike. Apparently a subvariety of T. e. par- vifolia. Height 20 or 30 feet. 6« ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. 100. Tflia eutopce^a lacinl&ta. B. Varieties differing in the Colour of the young Shoots. Each of the varieties included in Division A may have subvarieties dif- fering in the colour of the young wood; but vre shall only notice those in general cultivation. ¥ T. '0M ; Hypericum /(ndrosic'mum Lin., Willd., Smith, and Hooker; Park Leaves (because it is fre- quently found wild in parks) ; Andros^me officinale, Fr. ; breit- bliittriges (broad-leaved) Johanniskraut, Ger.\ Ciciliaaa /ia^. Engravings. Blackw., t. 94. ; Eng. Bot., 1. 1225. i andourjSg. 119. in flower, and fig. 120. showing the fruit. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves ovate, and somewhat heart- shaped, sessile, widely sprending. A sub-evergreen, suffruticose shrub, forming a dense bush, with many stems. Europe; and in England in moist shady woods. Height 2 ft. to 3 ft. Flowers yellow, 1 in. across ; July to September. Capsule brownish purple, and lastly, almost black ; ripe in October. The fruit is an ovate capsule, assuming the appearance of a berry : it 'S at first yellowish green, then red or brownish purple ; and, lastly, almost black when ripe. The juice of the capsules, and also that of the leaves, is claret-coloured. The latter, when bruised, have an aromatic scent, and were formerly applied to fresh wounds ; and hence the French name of la toute same. In gardening, the plant is valuable as growing under the drip of trees, and thriving and flowering freely in almost any soil or situation. It is readily propagated by division of the 120. AndjOitt^muTa ofHcinJiIe. Order XIII. JCERA^CE^E. Ord. Char. Flowers either unisexual or bisexual. Calt/x and corolla equal in the number of their parts, with an imbricated Eestivation ; the corolla sometimes absent. Petals without appendages. Stamens inserted upon a disk, which arises from below the pistillum, not agreeing in number with the divisions of the calyx and corolla. Pistillum 2-lobed, each lobe having a wing at its back. Stt/le 1. Stigmas 2. Fruit formed of two samaras, or keys, each containing 1 cell and 1 erect seed. Embryo curved, with leafy shriveled cotyledons, and no albumen. (Lindl.) — Deciduous trees or shrubs, natives of the temperate climates of Europe, North America, and Asia. Leaves simple, opposite, exstipulate, deciduous, rarely evergreen ; variously lobed, rarely pinnate. — The species in British gardens are included in the genera A^cer and Negundo, which are thus contradistinguished: — j4Ver L. Flowers polygamous. Leaves lobed. Negi/ndo Moench. Flowers dioecious. Leaves pinnate. XIII. ^CERA^CEiE : ^VeR. Genus I. 79 ^'CER L. The Maple. Lin. St/st. Polygamia MonoeVia. Identification. Lin. Gen., No. IIIS. ; Moench Meth., 334 ; Deo. Prod., 1. p. 593. ; Don's MUL. 1. p. 648. Synonymes. E'rable, Tr. ; Ahorn, Ger. ; Acero, Ital. ; and Arce, Spanish. Derivation. From acer, hard or sharp, derived from ac, Celtic, a point. The name is supposed to be applied to this genus biecause the wood of some species is extremely hard, and was formerly much sought after for the purpose of making pikes and lances. Gen. Char. Sexes hermaphrodite, or monoeciously polygamous. Flowers with a calyx and corolla. Calyx divided into 5 parts, or some number be- tween 4 and 9. Petals the same in number. Stamens 8, or some number between 5 and 12. Anthers 2-lobed. Carpels 2, very rarely 3, each a samara ; that is, a fruit which is called in Britain, vernacularly, a key. — Deciduous trees, natives of Europe, North America, and Asia. Leaves simple, opposite, exstipulate, deciduous, rarely evergreen ; va- riously lobed, toothed. Vlowers axillary, corymbose. Fruit a samara. Decaying leaves ridi yellow in some, and red or brown in others. Several of the species produce useful timber; and sugar is one of the con- stituent parts of the sap of all of them. They all prefer a situation shel- tered rather than exposed ; a free, deep, loamy soil, rich rather than sterile, and neither very wet, nor very dry. They are propagated by seeds and layers, or by grafting. The maturity of the seed may be proved by opening the kej', and observing if the cotyledons are green, succulent, and fresh ; if the green colour of the cotyledons is wanting, the seeds are good for nothing. The seeds of all the species may either be sown in autumn, after they are gathered, or in spring : and the latter method is preferable where moles abound, as they are very fond of the seeds. Sown in spring, they come up in five or six weeks afterwards ; with the exception of those of the A. campestre, which never come up till the second or third year. The seeds should not be covered with more than a quarter to half an inch of soil. The surface of the ground in which they are sown may be advantageously shaded with leaves, fronds of ferns, heath, or straw. A. Leaves simple, or only slightly or occasionally lobed. It ^ \. A. oblo'ngum Wall. The oblong-fea«ed Maple. IdeTitiflcation. Wall, in Litt.; Dec. Prod., 1. p. 693. ; Don's Mill., 1. p. C48. Syrumymes. A. /aurifdlium J}. Don, Prod. Ft. Nep. p. 249. ; A. Buzimpdla Hamilt. Engravings, OuT,figs. 121, 122., reduced to our usual scale { and the figures of the leaves, of the natUT^ size, as given in the plate, p. 95. Spec. Char., S^c. Leaves oblong- lanceolate, acuminated, quite en- tire, coriaceous, smooth, rounded at the base. Racemes compound ; wings of fruit parallel, smooth, se- parated. (Don's Mill.) A low, deciduous tree; in Britain, a rather tender shrub. Nepal. Height 20 ft. Introduced in 1824-. Flowers greenish yellow ; February. Keys?; ripe?. This species is rather tender, and somewhat difficult to keep in the open ground, unless when planted against a wall. Though the leaves are generally entire, yet they are sometimes lobed, or show a tendency to become so. 121. A. obltfngnia. 1S2. A. obldngum. 80 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. t 2. A. tata'rioum L. The Tartarian Maple. lamtificalim. Lin. Sp., 1496. ; Dec. Prod., I. p. 593. ; Hayne Dend.,p.209. j Don's Mill., l.p.648. Syrwnymes, E'rable de Tartarie, Pr. ; Tartarische Aiiorn. Ger. : Zarza-modon, or Locust Tree, Rusk, Enp-avings. Pall. Fl. Ros., t.3. ; Tratt. Arch., 1. No. 1. ; Wats. Dend. Brit., t, IGO. ;,thc plate of this species in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol.v. ; our .^.123.; and tiie figure of the leaves, of the natu- ral size, in the plate forming p. 96. Spec. Char., S)-c. Leaves cordate, undivided, serrated, with obsolete lobes. Racemes compound, crowded, erect ; wings of fruit parallel, young ones puberulous. (Don's Mill.) A low deciduous tree, native of Tartary. Height 20 ft. to 30 ft. Introduced in 1759. Flowers pale greenish yellow, sometimes slightly tinged with red ; May and June. Keys brown ; ripe in August. Decaying leaves reddish yellow, or brown. Naked young wood brown. When raised from seed, the plant will come into flower in 5 or 6 years ; and, in good soil, it will attain the height of 15 ft. in 10 years. According to 12S. A\XT tataricum. some, it will thrive in a moister soil than most others. In ornamental planta- tions, it is valuable on account of the early expansion of its leaves, which appear before those of almost every other kind of ^Ver. B. Leaves 3-lobed, or trifid ; rarely 5-lobed. 5f 3. A. spicaVum Lam. The spiked^^owered Maple. Identification. Lam. Diet., 2. p. 381.; Dec. Prod., 1. p.693. ; Don's Mill., l.p.643. : Tor. and Gray, I.p246. SyjiOTiymes. A.TtiQv.tin\imAit. ffori. .Kcw.,3. p.435. ; ^. pennsylvanicum Z)m i2oi HflrM. t.2.iA. parviflorum Ehrh. ; Mountain Maple, E'rable de Montagne, Fr. ; Berg Ahorn, Ger.-, Acero di Mon- tagna, Ifal. Ensravings. Trat. Arch., No. 13. ; the plate of this species in Arb. Brit., 1st. edit., vol. v. ; our Jig. 124. ; and the figure of the leaves, of the natural size, in the plate forming p. 97. Spec. Char., S^c. Leaves cordate, 3- or slightly S-lobed, acuminated,' pubescent beneath, unequally and coarsely serrated. Racemes compound, erect. Petals Unear. Fruit smooth, with the wings rather diverging. (Don's Mill.) A deciduous shrub, or small tree. Canada to Georgia. Height 6ft. to 10ft. in America; 18ft. to 20ft. in England. Introduced in 1750. Flowers small, greenish, raceme many-flowered ; May and June. Keys often reddish ; ripe in August. Decaying leaves yellowish red. Naked young wood brown. xin. Wcera^cEvE: ^J^cer. 81 1?1 ^'cer spicituin Very ornamental in autumn, from its small keys, which are fixed upon slender pendulous spikes, and have their membranous wings beautifully tinged with red when ripe. Michaux states that this species, grafted upon the syca- more, is, like the A^cer striatum, augmented to twice its natural dimensions ; a fact which we have never had an opportunity of seeing verified. f i. A. stria'tum L. The striped-bnr/ced Maple. 125. A'cer sU'ilitiini. Identificalicm. Lam. Diet., 2. p. 381. ; Dec. Prod. J. p. 593. ; Don's Mill., I. p. MS. Symms/mes. A. pennsylvinlcum J.in. Sp.-I49G., and far. 4 Gray, 1. p. 246. ; A. canadensc Marth. 82 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRJTANNICUM. and Duh. Arb. 1. 1. 12. ; Snake-barked Maple, Moose Wood, striped Maple, Dog Wood ; E'rablc jaspc, Fr. ; gestreifter Ahorn, Ger, ; Acero screziato, Ital. Engravings. Mill., t. 7. ; Tratt. Arch., No. 11. j Mich. Fel. Arb., 2. 1. 17. ; theplale of this species in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. v. ; our,^g-. 126. ; and fig. 146. of the leaves, of the natural size, forming p. 9a, 99. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves cordate, 3-lobed, acuminated, finely and acutely serrated. Racemes pendulous, simple. Petals oval. Fruit smooth, with the wings rather diverging. {Don's Mill.) A deciduous tree, with green bark, striped with white. Canada to Georgia. Height 8 ft. to 10 ft. in America; 10ft. to 20ft. in England. Introduced in 1755. Flowers yellowish green, on long peduncles ; May. Keys brown, and remarkable for a cavity on one side of the capsules ; ripe in August. Decaying leaves yellowish green. Naked young wood green, striped with white and black. The buds and leaves, when beginning to unfold, are rose-coloured ; and the leaves, when fully expanded, are of a thick texture, and finely serrated. From the great beauty of its bark, this tree deserves a place in every collection. It is propagated by seeds, which are received from America; or by grafting on A. Pseudo-Platanus. C. Leaves 5-lobed. t 5. A. macrophy'i.lum Pnrsh. The long, or large, leaved Maple. Identification. Pursh, Fl. Amer. Sept., 1. p. 267. ; Dec. Prod., 1. p. 694. ; Don's Mill., 1. p. 649. ; Tor. and Gray, 1. p. 246. Engravings. Hook. Fl. Bor. Amer,. 1. 1.38. ; the plate of this species in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. V. ; oiir.^. 126. ; ^nAJigs. 147. and 148. of the leaves, of the natural size, forming p. 100, 101. and 102, 103. ' A'^cei macroiJbyllum. Spec. Char. ^c. Leaves digitately 5-lobed, with roundish recesses I ohP« somewhat S-lobed, repandly toothed, pubescent beneath. Race„,es com S^' Tf- •/'''"'"' '' T^'' •'^•^y «'™^"'=- Ovaries very hairy. KJ Mdl^ A deciduous tree of arge size. North-west coast of North America ?82fi pf"^'^' bafsof rivers. Height 40 ft. to 90 ft. Int odu^ed Tn 1826. Flowers yellow, fragrant ; April and May. Keys brown rbe n tegten. °^^^^-"S leaves yellowish brown. Naked /ounTwood br^n" XIII. ^CERACEiE: ^CER. 83 Leaves nearly 1 ft. broad. Carpels sometimes 3. Sap as abundant as in any species, except in A. saccharinum ; the wood soft, whitish, but beautifully veined. (Tor. and Gray.) This species is quite hardy in the climate of Lon- don, and promises to ibrm a most valuable addition to our ornamental, and, possibly, to our timber, trees. The tree in the Hort. Soc. Garden is between 40 ft. &nd 50 ft. high, after having been thirteen years planted ; and it has flowered, and ripened some seeds. X 6. A. PLATANoi^DES L. The Platanus-like, or Norway, Maple. Identification. Lin. Sp., 1496. ; Dec. Prod., 1. p. 649. ; Don's Mill., 1. p. 649. Synonymes. E'rable pltrne, or E'rable de NorvSge, Fr. ; spitz Ahorn, or spitzblattriger Aiiorn, Ger. ; Acero riccio, licU, Engravings. Dull. Arb., 1. 1 10. f. 1. ; tlie plate of this species in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. v. ; our Jig. 129. ; axiijig. 149. of the leaves, of the natural size, forming p. 104, 105. Spec. Char., S^c. Leaves cordate, smooth, 5-lobed. Lobes acuminated, with a few coarse acute teeth. Corymbs stalked, erectish, and, as well as the fruit, smooth. Fruit with divaricated wings (^Don's Mill.) A deciduous tree, above the middle size. Norway to Switzerland, but not in Britain. Height 30ft. to 60ft. Introduced in 1683. Flowers rich yellow; April and May. Keys brown ; ripe in September and October. Opening foliage and flowers, in spring, of a bright yellow ; when decaying, also, of a fine yellow. Naked young wood smooth, brown. Varieties. "S A. p. 2 XoJe/ii. A. Lo- belij Tenore ; A. plata- noides Den's Mill. i. p. 649. (Our fig. 127. ; and Jig. 130. of the leaves, of the natural size, in the plate forming p. 106.) — The leaves are very slightly heart-shaped, irregularly toothed, 5- lobed, with the lobes more or less abruptly pointed. The bark of the young wood striped, somewhat in the manner of that of A. striatum ; by which circumstance the plant, in a young state, is readily distin- guished from A. p\ata-f noides. A large tree,' native of the kingdom of Naples, and found on mountains. One of the most beautiful acers in cultivation ; but very little known, though it was introduced about 1683. There is a tree of it at Croome, above 20 ft. high, which has ripened seeds. S A. p. 3 variegatum Hort. A. p. albo variegatum Hayne. — Leaves va- riegated with white. 1^ A. p. 4 aureo variegatum Hort. — Leaves variegated with yellow. S A. p. 5 laciniatum Dec. A. p. c Ispura Lauth ; Eagle's Claw, or Hawk's Foot Maple. (The plate of this variety in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. V. ; our^^g. 128. ; and Jig. 15] . of the leaves, of the natural size, in the plate forming p. 107.) — Leaves deeply and variously cut. G 2 127. A*ca platanaVdet Jjobklii. 8i ARBORETUM ET FKUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. ,---lV =£» il^r|)latan(}\des laciniitum. It is frequently produced from seed, being found by nurserymen among seedlings of the species. The tree, in general appearance, at a distance, is like the common sycamore ; but, on a nearer approach, the leaves are found of a smoother and finer texture. The roots extend considerably, both downwards and laterally. The bark is green on the }'oung shoots, but it afterwards becomes of a reddish brown, dotted with white points : that of the trunk is brown, and rather cracked. The buds are large and red in autumn, becoming of a still darker red in the course of the winter : those on the points of the shoots are always the largest. The leaves A'cer platanSides. are thin, green on both sides, and shining. When the petiole is broken, an acrid miiky sap issues from it, which coagulates with the air. The leaves are about 5 in. long, and nearly the same in width. The petioles are longer than the XIII. y^CERA^CE^ :' jl'cEU. 85 leaves. About the end of October, the leaves become either of a clear, or a yel- lowish, red, and then drop off. The flowers appear just before the leaves, near the end of April : they form a short raceme, somewhat corymbose. The fruits, or keys, have their wings yellow. It is not till the tree has attained the age of nearly 40 years that it produces fertile seeds, though it will flower many years before that period. The rate of growth of this species, when once es- tabhshed, is from 18 in. to 3 ft. long every year, till it attains the height of 20 or 30 feet ; which, in favourable situations, it does in ten years. The wood weighs, when dry, 43 lb. 4 oz. per cubic foot ; is easily worked, takes a fine polish, and absorbs and retains all kinds of colours. It may be used for all the various purposes of the wood of the common sycamore. Sugar is made from the sap in Norway, Sweden, and Lithuania. Seeds are ripened in England in abundance. S 7. A. saccha'einum L. The Sugar Maple. Identification. Lin. Sp., 1496. ; Dec. Prod., 1. p. 595. ; Don's Mill., 1. p. 650. ; Tor. and Gray, 1. p. 248. Synont/mes. Rock Majple, Hard Maple, Bird's-eye Maple, Amer. ; Acero del Canada, Ital. Engravings. Miciix. FL Arb , 2. 1. 15. ; the plate of tliis species in Arb. Brit., let edit., vol. v. \ our Jig. 130. ; and^. 152. of tlie leaves, of ttie natural size, in the plate forming p. 108, 109. i'_ ec. Char., S;c. Leaves cordate, smooth, glaucous beneath, palmately 5-lobed ; lobes acuminated, serrately toothed. Corymbs drooping, on short peduncles. Pedicels pilose. Fruit smooth, with the wings diverging. (Don's Mill.) A deciduous tree. Canada to Georgia. Height in America SO ft. to 80 ft.; in England 30 ft. to 40 ft. Introduced in 17S3. Flowers small, yellowish, and suspended on long, slender, drooping peduncles ; April and May. Keys brown ; ripe in September. Decaying leaves rich yellow. Naked young wood smooth, whitisli brown. 130. .4'cer tacchliriniim. Vatneti/. i A. «. 2. mgmvi. A. s. /3 nigrum Tor. S,- Gray ; A. nigrum Michjc ; the black Sugar Tree, or Rock Maple, Michx: Arb. 2. t. 16 — • Leaves pale green beneath, the veins of the lower surface and petioles minutely villous, pubescent ; wings of the fruit a little more diverg- ing. (Tor. and Gray, i. p. 248.) Miehaux, who considered this variety a species, says the leaves resemble those of the species in every respect, except that they are of a darker green, and of a thicker texture, and somewhat more bluntly lobed. The tree is indiscri- minately mixed with the common sugar maple, through extensive ranges of country in New Hampshire, Vermont, and Connecticut ; but is readily distinguished from it by the smaller size which it at- tains, and the darker colour of its leaves. The soil in which it flourishes best is a rich, strong, sandy loam ; and there it usually grows to the height of 40 or 50 feet, ('losely resembling A. platanoides in foliage, except in being somewhat G 3 8G ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. elaiicous beneath, and in the fruit being much more divergent. Bark of the tr.ml^ white. Leaves 3 in. to o in. in length, generally wider than long.- Ihe buds have a fine ruddy tint, especially in spring before they expand, llie ti ee in England is rather tender, and never attains a large size ; but in America tne timber is valuable, and the sap produces sugar. American seeds. t 8. A. Pseu^do-Pla'tanus L. The Mock Plane Tree, «Ae Si/camorcor Great Maple. iSt edit.! vol. V. ; our fig- 132. i and fig- 153. of the leaves, of the natural sue, in the plate form. ingp.llO, 111. Spec Char., ^c. Leaves cordate, smooth, with 5 acuminated, unequally toothed lobes. Racemes pendulous, rather compound ; with the rachis, as well as the filaments of stamens, hairy. Fruit smooth, with the wings rather diverging. {Don's Mill.) A deciduous tree of the first rank. Europe and Britain, in wooded mountainous situations. Height ^0 It. to 80 ft. Flowers greenish yellow, mostly hermaphrodite ; May and June. Keys reddish brown ; ripe in October. Decaying leaves brown, with dark blotches. Naked young wood reddish brown. Buds large, green, or tinged with red. Varieties. S A. P. 2 opidifolia. A. opulifolium Hort. ; A. trilobatum Hort. ; A. barbatum Hort. (Our fig. 132.) — Leaves and fruit smaller than in the species, as shown in fig. 153. of the leaves, in the plate forming p. 1 1*. We have no doubt of this being the A. opulifolium of Thuilher and Villars, L'E'rable duret, and L'E'rable ayart, Fr., which is said by these authors to resemble A. Pseudo-Platanus, but to be much smaller. It is a native of the Alps and Pyrenees. Introduced in 1812. Height 13 ft. to 20 ft. t A. P. 3 longifolia. J. longifolium .BooiA.— Leaves more deeply cut, and the petioles much F. opulifblium. longer than in the species. Altogether a. tree of very remarkable aspect. 2 A. P. 4 fidvo variegdta. — A. P. lutescens Hort. ; the Corstorphine Plane. — Leaves variegated with yellow. The original tree stands near an old pigeon-house in the grounds of Sir Thomas Dick Lauder, Bart., in the parish of Corstorphine, near Edinburgh. Seeds of this variety, sown, have produced plants with the character of the parent to a certain extent. S A. P. 5 dlbo variegdta Hayne. — Of all the variegated varieties of A^cer, it must be acknowledged that this is the most ornamental ; especially in spring, when the leaves first expand. f A. P. 6 purpurea Hort. — Leaves of a fine purple underneath. This variety was found in a bed of seedlings, in Saunders's Nursery, Jersey, about 1828, and is now to be met with in all the principal nurseries. The tree has a very singular effect when the leaves are slightly ruffled by the wind, alternately appearing clothed in purple and in pale green. In spring, when the leaves first expand, tht purple bloom is less obvious than when they become matured, at which time it is very distinct. Other Varieties. In the garden of the Hort. Soc. there is a variety called Hodgkins's Seedling, with yellow-blotched leaves ; and another, called Leslie's XIU. JCERX^C^M : ^^CER. 87 Seedhng. In Hayne's Dendrologische Flora there are, also, the following va- rieties : A. P. stenoptera, A. P. maci-optera, and A. P. microptera, which differ in the proportions of the wings of the keys, and do not appear worth farther notice. In all seed beds and young plantations some of the plants will be found with the petioles and the buds red, and others with the petioles and the buds greenish yellow : such trees, when of considerable size, are very distinct in their general asi)ect, when in bud, and when they have newly come into leaf; but after midsummer, when the leaves are fully matured, and begin to get rusty, the trees are scarcely distinguishable. Different plants also differ much in the time of their coming into leaf, and of drop- ping their leaves ; and some of the more remarkable of these it might be worth while to propagate by extension. '^S^ 152. ^*cer FseAdo-Pldtanus. The growth of the common sycamore is very rapid compared with that of most other species of ^'cer, particularly when it is in a deep, free, rich soil, and in a mild climate. It arrives at its full growth in 50 or 60 years ; but it requires to be 80 or 100 years old before its wood arrives at perfection. In marshy soil, or in dry sand, and even on chalk, the tree never attains any size. It produces fertile seeds at the age of 20 years, but flowers several years sooner ; sometimes even perfecting its seeds sooner also. The longevity of the tree is from 140 to 200 years, though it has been known of a much greater age. The wood weighs per cubic foot, newly cut, 64 lb. ; half-dry, 56 lb. ; dry, 48 lb. It loses, in drying, about a twelfth part of its bulk. When the tree is young, it is white ; but, as the tree gets older, the wood becomes a little yellow, and often brown, especially towards the heart. It is compact and firm, without being very hard ; of a fine grain, sometimes veined, susceptible of a high polish, and easily worked, either on the bench, or in the turning- lathe. It does not warp, and is not likely to be attacked by worms. It is used in joinery and turnery, and cabinet-making ; by musical instrument makers ; for cider-presses ; and, sometimes, for gun-stocks. Formerly, when wooden dishes and spoons were more used than they are at present, it was much in demand, especially in Scotland, by the manufacturers of these articles. As underwood, the sycamore shoots freely from the stool, to the age of 80 or 100 years. As a timber tree, it is most advantageously cut down at the age of 80 years, or from that age to 100. As an ornamental tree, it produces the best effect, either singly, or in groups of two or three, placed sufficiently near to form a whole, but uot so as to touch each other ; and in rows or avenues. The varieties with variegated leaves are very ornamental in the beginning ol ' G 4 88 ARBOUETUM ET FKUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. summer ; but their leaves are almost always more or less imperfect, especially on the edges, and fall off much sooner in the autumn than those of the species. The leaves of the purple variety are not liable to the same objection as those of the variegated sorts. Seeds ; and the varieties by grafting on the species. ^ 9. A. OBTUSA^TUM Kit. The obtuse-lobed- leaved Maple. Identification. Kit. in Willd. Spec, 4. p. 948. i Dec, Prod., 1. p.' mi. ; Don's Mill., 1. p. 649. Synonymes. A. neapoiitanum Tenore ; A. hS'bridum in the Lond. Hort. Soc. Gard. in 1834 ; the Neapolitan ^aple. Engravings. Tratt. Ai'ch., 1. No. 14.; the plate of this species in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. v. ; o\nJig. 133. ; a.nifig. 164. of the leaves, of the natural size, forming p. 112, 113. Spec. Char,, Sfc. Leaves cordate, roundish, 5-lobed ; lobes bluntish (or pointed), repandly toothed, velvety beneath. Corymbs pendulous. Pe- dicels hair3'. Fruit rather hairy, with the wings somewhat diverging. (Don's Mill.) A deciduous tree of the first rank, of as rapid growth as A. Pseiido- Platanus. Hungary, Croatia, and many parts of Italy, on hills and mountains. Height 40 ft. to 60 ft. Introduced in 1825. Flowers greenish yellow, few in a panicle ; May and June. Keys brown ; ripe in September. Decaying leaves dark brown. Naked young wood smooth and brown. Buds prominent, fireen. 133. A^r obtusitmn. Faneties.— la the Neapolitan territory, this tree is probably somewhat dif- ferent in its habit and aspect from what it is in Hungary ; and hence, the A. neapolitdnum of Tenore may be considered a variety. The foHowing also' appear to belong to this species : * A. 0. 2 coridceum. A. coriaceum Bosc. (Don's Mill., 1. p. 64,9.; and owfig. 134.)— Leaves co- riaceous, the same length as breadth, 3-5-lobed, denticulated, smooth. Corymbs loose. Wings of fruit erectly divergent. Native of ?. {Don's Miller.) There are small plants of this ^'cer in the collection of Messrs. Loddiges, which ap- pear to us to belong to this species, though it is with considerable doubt that we have placed it here. Possibly it may belong to A. /(latanoides, as we once thought, or to A. O'palus. ■¥ A. 0. 3 ibericum. A. ibericum Bieb. Fl. Taur. p. 247. — Leaves shining, glaucous beneath, bluntly three-lobed; lobes furnished with one or two teeth ; lateral ones marked with the middle nerve to the insertion of the petiole. Petioles a little shorter than the leaves. Tree 20 ft. in height. A native of Georgia. {Don's Mill., i. p. 649.) As we have only seen plants a few inches high, we may be mistaken in considering A. ibericum as a variety of A. obtusatum. XIII. ^CERA'cEiE : ^YeR 8!) A. u. 4. lobatum, A. lobatun) Fisch., has the leaves 7-lobed, accord- ing to Don's Miller, but the young plants bearing this name in the Hort. Soc. Garden, which was raised from seeds received from Dr. Fischei- of Petersburg, appears obviously to belong to A. obtusatum. D. Leaves 5-, rarely 7-lobed. O'PALUS Aif. The Opal, or Italian, Maple. 1. p. 649. i Webb Her ? 10. A Ait.Hort. Kew.,3.p.436.j Dec. Prod., 1. p. 594.; Don's MiU Identification, Hispan., 60. Synonymes. A. rotundifblium Zam. Diet. 3. p. 382. ; A. Stalum Lauth Ac. No. 8. ; A. villbsum Presl ; I'E'rable Opale, E'rable it Feuilles rondes, or E'rable d' Italie, F7-. ; Loppo, Ital. Derivation. The specific appellation of O'palns h.^s been given to tiiis species, probably from the thiclt opjil-like aspect of the leaves. Engravings. Baudril. Traite, &c., vol. 5. p. 13. ; the plate of this species in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., voL V. ; our Jig. 135. ; and Jig. 156., of the leaves, of the natural size, in the plate forming p. 115. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves more or less heart-shaped, roundish, 5-lobed, smooth beneath ; the lobes generally obtuse, and coarsely serrated. Flowers in drooping corymbs. Keys smooth. {Pen. Cyc.) A low deciduous tree. Corsica. Height 8 ft. to 12 ft. Introd. 1752. Flowers whitish ; May to June. Keys small, brown ; ripe Sept. Decaying leaves yellowish brown. A branchy tufted tree, covered with smooth leaves, somewhat coriaceous, roundish, indented, with five blunt lobes, deep green on the upper surface, and 13.0. .d^cer O'palus. somewhat glaucous underneath, with long red petiole.s. Its flowers are whitish, in short racemes ; and the small fruits, or keys, which succeed them, are almost round. It is found in forests and on mountains in Corsica; in Spain, on the Sierra Nevada ; and in Italy, where, from the dens^ness of its shade, it is sometimes planted by road sides, and in gardens near houses. The red colour of the petioles of the leaves, of the fruits, and even the red tinge of the leaves themselves, more especially in autumn, give it rather a morbid appearance. It pushes later in the spring than most of the other species. 5? \\. A.cva.cisA.'-'mm Pursh. The round-Zeawrf Maple. Idenlijication. Pursh Fl. Amer. Sept., l.p.267.; Dec. Prod., 1. p.595.; Don's Mill., 1. p. 661. Tor. and Gray, 1. p. 247. Engravings. Hook. Amer., t. 39. ; our Jig. 136. ; and Jig. 157. of the leaves, of the natural size, in the plate forming p. 116. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves orbicular, rather cordate at the base, 7-lobed, smooth on both surfaces ; lobes acutely toothed ; nerves and veins hairy at their origin. (Dun's Mill.) A deciduous tree of the middle size. N. W. coast of North America, between lat. 43° and 49°. Height 20 ft. to 40 ft. In- trod. 1826. Flowers with the sepals purple, and the petals white ; April and May. Keys purplish brown, with thin straight wings, which are so diva- ricate as to form riyht angles with the peduncle ; the lower margin scarcely 90 ARBOaETUM ET FRUTICETUM BUITANNICUM. ^'cer circlniltum. thickened. {Tor. and, Gray). Decaying leaves of a fine reddish yellow. Naked young wood reddish brown. Branches slender, pendulous, and crooked ; often taking root, in the manner of those of many species of JP'icus. Bark smooth ; green when young, white when fully grown. Leaf the length of the fingpT, upon rather a short footstalk, membranaceous, heart-shaped, with 7 — 9 lobes, and 7 — 9 nerves ; smooth above, except hairs in the axils of the nerves ; downy beneath, and in the axils of the nerves woolly: lobes ovate, acute, and acutely serrated ; the sinuses acute : the nerves radiate from the tip of the petiole, and one extends to the tip of i each lobe. Flowers of a middling size, in i^j\ nodding corymbs, that are on long peduncles. (Hook. Fl. Bor. Amer.) This is a very marked and beautiful species; distinguishable, at sight, by the regular form of its leaves, and their pale reddish green colour. Though this fine tree has been in the country since 1826, it seems to have been comparatively neglected, for there is no good specimen that we know of in the neighbourhood of London. At High Clere, a thriving tree has ripened seeds for some years past ; so that there can be no doubt of its hardiness. ,S 12. A. PALMA^TUM Thunb. The \>sXia3.te-leaved Maple. Idaitification. Thunb. Fl. Jap., p, 161. ; Dec. Prod., 1. p. 595. ; Don's Mill., 1 . p. 650. Engravings. Tratt. Arch., 1. No. 17. ; and Jig. 158. of the leaves, of the natural size, in the plate forming p. 117. Spec. Char., %c. Leaves smooth, palmately divided into 5 — 7 lobes down beyond the middle ; lobes acuminated, oblong, serrated. Umbels 5 — 7- flowered. (Don's Mill.') A low deciduous tree; in England a rather deli- cate shrub. Japan. Height in Japan, 20 ft. Introd. in 1820. Flowers greenish yellow and purple ; May. Keys ?. Decaying leaves reddish yellow. This species requires the protection of a wall ; having been, like A. oblongum, killed to the ground in the open air, in the Hort. Soc. Garden, in the winter of 1837-8. 2 13- A. erioca'rpum Michx. The hairy-fruited, or white. Maple. Identification. Michx. Fl. Amer. Bor., 2. p. 213. ; Don's Mill., 1. p. 650. Synonymes. A. dasycSrpum Willi. Spec. i. p. 985., Tor. if Gray, 1. p. 248. ; A. tomentbsum Hort. Tar. ; A. gladcum Marsh. \ A. virgini^num Huh. ; A. rilbrum Wangenh. ; white, silver- leaved, or soft. Maple, United States ; Sir Charles Wager's Maple ; E'rable 5 Fruits cotonneux, or E'rable blanc, Fr. \ rauher Ahorn, Ger. ; Acero cotonoso, or Acero bianco, Ital. Engravings. Desf. Ann. Mus., 7. t. 25. ; the plate of this species in Arb. Brit., 1st edit, vol. v. ; o\x^fig. 137. ; and fig. 159. of the leaves, of the natural size, in the plate forming p. 1 18. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves truncate at the base, smooth and glaucous beneath, palmately 5-lobed, with blunt recesses, and unequally and deeply toothed lobes. Flowers conglomerate, on short pedicels, apetalous, peiitandrous. Ovaries downy. (Bon's Mill.) A middle-sized tree. North America, from lat. 43° to Georgia. Height in America 10 ft. to 40 ft. ; in England 30 ft. to 50 ft. Introduced in 1725. Flowers small, pale yellowish purple; March and April. Keys brown ; ripe in July. Varieties. There are several names in nurserymen's catalogues, such as A. coccineum, A. macrocarpum, A. floridum, A. PavJa which are only very slight varieties of A. erioc4rpum. The last-named variety, introduced by Messrs. Booth, has received the absurd name of Pavia, from the upper surface of the leaves being slightly wrinkled, somewhat in the manner of those of the horsechestnut. As the species seeds freely, endless varieties mav be obtained from seed beds. Xin. y^CKIIACEjE: ^CEK. 91 Distinguished from A. riibrum by the leaves being more decidedly 5- lobed, the lobes deeply cut, and the whole leaf more tomentose. A very desir- able species, from the ra- pidity of its growth, the graceful divergent direction of its branches, the beauty of its leaves, and the pro- fusion of its early flowers. In mild seasons, these flow- ers begin to burst from their buds in the first week in January ; and they are often fully expanded by the end of February or beginning of March. It requires a deep free soil, and more moisture than most of the other species. It ripens its seeds, both in America and Britain, by midsummer, or earlier ; and, if these are immediately sown, they come up, and produce plants which are 8 or 10 inches high by the succeeding autumn. 5 14. A. Eu^BKUM L. The red-lowering, or scarlet. Maple. Idenlification. Lin. Spec, 1496. ; Dec. Prod., 1. p. 595. ; Don's Mill., 1. p. 650. ; Tor. and Gray, I. p. '249. Synonymes, A. virginianum Herm. ; A. coccineum Ait. Sf Mich. ; A. glatica Marsh. Arbust. ; A. ca- rolinianum Walt. ; J. sanguineum Spach; Goft Maple, Swamp Maple, red Maple ; E'rable rouge, Fr. ; rother Ahorn, Ger. Engravings. Mich. Arb., 2. t.H.; Schmidt Arb., 1. t. 6. ; the plate of the tree in Arb. Brit., 1st edit, vol. v.; our fe.l38. ; and ^. 160. of the leaves, of the natural size, in the plate forming p.119. A^cer eiii)c4rpura. 138. ^an rtibrum. Spec. Char., ^c. Leaves cordate at the base, glaucous beneath, deeply and unequally toothed, palmately 5-lobed, with acute recesses. Flowers con- glomerate, 5-petaled, pentandrous. Ovaries smooth. {Don's Mill.) A 9-2 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETDM BRITANNICUM. large tree with numerous divergent slender branches. Canada to Florida. Height ia America 30 ft. to 80 ft. ; in England 30 ft. to 60 ft. Introduced in 1636. Flowers small, dark red, appearing a fortnight before the leaves; March and April. Keys brown ; ripe in September. Variet)/. i; A. r. 2 intermedium Lodd. seems intermediate between this species and A. eriocarpum. In England distinguished at sight from A. eriocarpum by the leaves being much less cut, and less white beneath, and by the tree being generally less vi- gorous. The red-flowered maple, whether we regard the beauty of its flowers and opening leaves in early spring, its red fruits in the beginning of summer, or its red foliage in autumn, deserves to be considered one of the most orna- mental of hardy trees. Contrary to the general character of the maples, this species is said to thrive best in moist soil, which must, however, at the same time, be rich ; and, for the tree to attain a large size, the situation ought to be sheltered. In Britain it is chiefly propagated by layers ; but, on the Continent, almost always by seeds, which ripen before midsummer, even sooner than those of A. eriocarpum, and, if sown immediately, come up the same season. The seeds, even when mixed with soil, do not keep well ; and, in general, but a small proportion of those sent home from America vegetate in Europe S 15. A. monspessula'num L. The Montpelier Maple. Identification. Lin. Spec, 1497. ; Deo. Prod., 1. p. 595. ; Don's Mill., 1. p. 649. Synonytnes. A, trllobum Mcench ; A. trifblium Huh. ; A. trilobatura Lam. ; E'rable de Montpelier, Fr ; Franzosischer Ahom, Gcr. ; Acero minore, /ifai. Engravings. Schmidt Arb., 1. 1. 14. ; and Krause, 1. 101. ; the plate of this species in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. V. ; our Jig. 139. ; and Jig. 161. of the leares, of the natural size, in the plate forming p. 120. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves cordate, 3-lobed ; lobes almost entire; and equal. Corymbs few-flowered, pendulous. Fruit smooth, with the wings hardly diverging. A low tree. South of Europe. Height 15 ft- to 40 ft. Intro- duced in 1739 Flowers pale yellow ; May. Keys brown ; August. \yi. .J^oiT moni.))Oi.t:ulaiiuiii In general aspect the tree resembles A. creticum, which has much shorter footstalks, and coriacious leaves. It also resembles A. campestre, which Xni. ^iCERA'CEiE: ./ CER. 93 however, has the leaves 5-lobed, while in A, monspessulanum they are only 3-iobed. See the figures of leaves in p. 120. and 121. The leaves, in mild seasons, remain on through the greater part of the winter. Seeds ; which it lipens in great abundance. It 16. A. campe'stre L. The common, or Field, Maple. Identiftcation. Lin. Spec, 1497. ; Hayne Dend., p.211. j Dec. Prod., l.p. 595. ; Don's Mill., l.p.649. Syjionymes, E'rable champetre, Fr.-y kleiner Ahorn, Feld Ahorn, Ger.\ Galluzzi, or Pioppo, Itat. Engravings. Engl. Bot., t.304.; Willd. Abbild., t. 213. j amJig.Ul.; &ad. Jig. 162. of the leaves, of the natural size, in the plate (brming p. 120. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves cordate, with 5 toothed lobes. Racemes erect. Wings of fruit much divaricated. {Don's Mill. ) A low tree or shrub- Britain. Height 15 ft. to 30 ft., sometimes 40 ft. and upwards. Flowers yellowish green ; May and June. Keys brown ; ripe in September. Decay- ing leaves yellow. Naked young wood pale brown. 140. A^cer camp^stre. Varieties. S A. c. 2fdlm variegatis. — Next to the variegated-leaved variety of ^. Pseudo-Platanus, this seems the handsomest of all the variegated- leaved maples ; the leaves preserving, with their variegation, the appearance of health, and the blotches and stripes of white, or whitish yellow, being distinctly marked. t A. c. 3 hebec&rpum Dec. .Prod. i. p. 598. A. campestre Wallr. in LM. Trat. Arch. i. No. 7; A. molle Opiz. — Fruit clothed with vel- vety pubescence. t A. c. 4 collinum "Wallr. in Litt. Dec. Prod. i. p. 594. A. afFine and A. macrocarpum Opiz. — Fruit smooth. Lobes of leaves obtuse. Flower smaller. Native of France, t A. c. 5 austriacum Tratt. Arch. i. No. 6. (The plate of this tree in Arb.Brit.,lst.edit., vol. v.) — Fruit smooth. Lobes of leaves somewhat acuminated. Flowers larger than those of the species. Native of Austria, Podolia, and Tauria. {Don's Mill.) This variety is larger in all its parts than the original species, and is of much freer growth ; the main stem rises erect and straight, and sends out its branches regularly on every side, so as to form a sort of cone, almost like a fir. A subvariety of this sort, with variegated leaves, is propagated in the BoU- wyller Nursery. Other Varieties. A. c. Immgatum, leaves very smooth and shining; A. c. nanum, habit dwarf; and, perhaps, some others, are in the collection of Messrs. Loddiges. A. tauricum, leaves larger and less divided than in the species ; and A. hyrcdnum {fig.Ul.) with the leaves vari- ously cut, are also in some collections. Differing from A. monspessulanum in having the flowers produced upon . c h^frcftniim. 94 AllBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. the young shoots ; as well as in the racemes of flowers being erect. The wood weighs 61 lb. 9oz. a cubic foot in a green state, and 51 lb. ]5oz. when per- fectly dry. It makes excellent fuel, and the very best charcoal. It is compact, of a fine grain, sometimes beautifully veined, and takes a high poUsh. It was celebrated among the ancient Romans for tables. The wood of the roots is frequently knotted ; and, when that is the case, it is used for the manufacture of snuffboxes, pipes, and other fanciful productions. A dry soil suits this species best, and an open situation. Seeds ; which often remain eighteen months in the ground before they vegetate, though a few come up the first spring. The varieties are propagated by layers. t 17. A. cre'ticum L. The Cretan Maple. Identification. Lin. Spec, 1497. ; Dec. Prod., 1. p. 594. ; Don's Mill., I. p. 649. Synoiiymes. A. heterophJUum Willd. En. ; A. sempervirens L. Mant. ; A. obtusiRJlium Sibthorp ; E'rable de Cr&te, Fr. \ Cretischer Ahorn, Ger. Engravings. Flor. GrsBC, t.361. ; Schmidt Arb., t.l5.; the plate of this species in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. V. ; our fig. 142., from the Flora Gr^eca ; and fig. 163. of the leaves, of the natural size, in the plate forming p. 121. Spec. Char,, Sfc. Leaves permanent, cuneated at the base, acutely 3-lobed at the top. Lobes entire, or toothleted ; lateral ones shortest. Corymbs few- flowered, erect. Fruit smooth, with the wings hardly diverging. {Don's Mill.) A diminutive, slow-growing, sub-evergreen tree. Candia, and other islands in the Grecian Archipelago. Height 10 ft. to 30 ft. Introd. 1752. Flowers greenish yellow ; May and June. Keys brown ; ripe in September. There is a general resemblance be- tween A. creticum, A. monspessulanum, and A. camp&tre ; but the first is readily known from both, by its being evergreen, or sub-evergreen, and by its leaves having shorter footstalks, and being less deeply lobed. In a young state, the leaves are often entire or nearly so. It is oftener seen as a shrub than as a tree ; and it seems to thrive better in the shade than any other Acev. Seeds, layers, or grafting on A. campestre. Other Species ofk^cer. — A. barbatum Michx., given in our first edition, has been omitted, because the plant in the Hort. Soc. Garden has always appeared to us nothing more than .4. ^lata- 14, ^.„r«Mcum. ndides, and because Torrey and Gray consider it a doubtful species, and probably described by Michaux from " speci- mens of A. saccharinum ; the only species, so far as we know, which has the sepals bearded inside." (Tor. and Gray, i. p. 249.) A. opulifdlium given in our first edition as a species, we have now satisfied ourselves, from having been able to examine larger plants, is nothing more than a variety of A. Pseiido-Platanus diminished in all its parts. There are several names of species oi A'cex in the works of European botanists, the plants of which would require to be pro- cured and studied in a living state : such as A. granatense Bois., a native of Spain ; A. parvi/olium Tausch ; also some natives of the Himalayas ; and the following in North America as given by Torrey and Gray ; A. glabrum Torr., a shrub of the Rocky Mountains; A. tripartitum Nutt. MSS., a shrub of the Kocky Mountains allied to A. glabrum; A. grandidentatum Nutt. MSS., a shrub or low tree from the Rocky Mountains, supposed to be the same as A. barbatum Douglas, mentioned in Hooker's Flor. Bor. Amer., i. p. 1 12. The names of several other species, not yet introduced, will be found in the first edition of this work XIII. ^-iCERAV'E.T, : .■/'(EK. 95 .\ cer obloni/itm. The obl(>iig-/e«/'fc/ Maple. Li Tvts of the n ituril ^iz -"""^ ' ^ \ 11 ! / ' 1^1 /f^" 'fill' 96 AltDOKETUM ET FRUTICETUM JJRITANNICIT.-M. AVer tuldricvni. The Tartarian^ or entire-leavrd, Maple Leaves 1111(1 fruit of the natural size. XIU. .iCERA^CE^E: vi'cER. 97 AVer spicdtiim. The splke-fowered, or moimtain, Maple. « Leaves and fruit of natural size. 98 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. A^cer striatum. The striped- Leaves of xiii. .-^cera'ce^: j^CKn. harh, or Pennsylvaman, Maple, the natural size. 99 100 AnBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. AVer macrophylhim. The Part of . leaf, and Xtll. .-/CliRA^CE^: ^ 'CER. large-leaved Maple. Plate 1. fruit, of the natural size. 101 a 3 10-2 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETU M BRITANNICUM. A^cer macrophyllum. The Smaller leaves, also of the natural size. XIII. .^cera'ce.e : ^'CER. 103 large-leaved Maple. Plate II. to show how much they vary on the same tree. 104 AltBORETUAr ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. AVer platanoides. The Platanus- Leaves and fruit of I i»ifi! i ill i ilijiiM fiii !||^ il'Mr XIII. jceracem: .^ cer. 105 like, or Norway, Maple, the natural size. 106 ARBOKETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. AVer (plata/wides) Lobeln. L'Obel's Maple. Leaves of Mti\ the natural XIII. ^CERA'cEiE: ^"CER. 107 AVer plataiioides laciuiatiim. The cut-leaved Platanus-like, or Eagle's claw. Maple. 108 ARBOllETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. A^cer sacchdrinum. The leaves and fruit XIII. ^CERA^CEiE A^CER. 109 The Sugar Maple of the natural size 110 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. A^cer Pseudo-Vldtanus. Tlie Leaves and fniit XIII. ^CERA CE« : ^ CER. HI False Plane, or Sycamore, Maple. of ttie natural size. n'> ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETl M BRITANNICUM. A cer obtusdhim. The obtuse- Leaves of the XIII. ^CE IIA'CE.'E : .:/'CEK- lobed-kaved, or Neapolitan, MapJc. natural size. (IS 114 ATIBORETUM F.T FUUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. A^cer Pseudo-Pldtanus opulifolia. The Opulus-leaved False Plane, or Sycamore. Leaves and fruit .(UlUft, of the natural size. * ii^iiii pill'' Xni. .4CERA CE.'E : ^^CER. A'cer O'paln, The Opil, .r Italian, Miple leaves of thL Ji^ natural si^e lis. 116 AUUOUETUM ET FRUTICKTUM BRITANN ICUM. A\-.r cir.:>„„/nm. The romu\-kavc>d Maple. Leaves of A the natural size. XUl. ./CERA CEJ: : ,/ CEU. 117 A'cer pahiiatuDi. The palmate-Ztot'crf Maple. Leaves JX of the natural size. 118 ARBOEETUM ET FRUTICETUM BHITANNICUM. A^cer eriocdrpurn. The woolly-fruited Maple. Leaves and fruit of the natural size. f t 1 \ It I \ \ \ ■^ V t / L / \ ^■> ~^: ■V \ ^ N, ^ ^-^ 1 u .1> <-' /\/ 'tpi*' '^it^ WliS^' A'cer rubru„>. The red-Jlowered Maple Leaves and fruit of ^ the natural size 19 1'20 AKBOKKTUM EX FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. A^cer monspessuldnum, and A. canrpestre. The Montpelier Maple, and the coiJimoJi, or field, Maple. Leaves and fruit of the natural size.^ 161 XIII. ,/CERA'cEiE: ^'cEIt AVe;- creticum The Cr. 121 etin or rarious-leaved. Maple. Ln\ei. in 1 tiu]t of the natuial bize. 122 arboretum et fruticetum britannicum. Genus IL NEGU'Nnom A rapid-growing tree ; very ornamental, from its compound leaves, and the fine pea-green of its young shoots ; arriving at maturity in 15 — 20 years. American seeds, which ought to be sown as soon as possible, or layers, in any common soil. Other Species of Negundo. — N californicum Tor. 4" Gray, found by Douglas, is supposed to be a new species ; but neither fruit, nor full-grown leaves, are described. Order XIV. ^SCULA^CEiE. St/nont/mes. CastanhcetE Link; HippocasUnese Dec, Ord. Char. Calyx campanulate, 5-lobed. Ovary roundish, trigonal. Seeds large and globose ; albumen wanting. Embryo curved, inverted ; with fleshy, thick, gibbous cotyledons, not produced above ground in germination. Plumule large, 2-leaved. — Deciduous trees, natives of North America and Asia. Leaves compound, opposite, exstipulate, deciduous; leaflets 5 — 7, ser- rated. Floweri terminal, in racemes, somewhat panicled. — All the known plants of this order cross-fecundate freely, and by most botanists they are included in one genus ; but so numerous are the garden varieties, that we have thought it more convenient to follow those authors who separate the species into two genera. These are JS'sculus and Pavio, which are thus contradistinguished : — -(E'scuLUs L. Capsule echinated. V/l'via Boerh. Capsule smooth. 124 arboretum et fruticetum britannicum. Genus 1. n ^'SCULUSi. The HoRSECHESTNUT. Lin. Si/st. UeptindriaMonog^nm. Identilteation. Lin. Gen., No. 462. ; Dec. Prod., 1. p. 697. ; Don's Mill., 1. p. .562. Synom/mes. Hippoc&stanum Tourn. ; Marronier d'Inde, Fr. ; Rosskastanie, Ger. Derivation. The word ^'sculus, derived from esca, nourishment, is applied by Plmy to a species of oak, which tad an eatable acorn. The word HippocSstanuni, from hippos, a horse, and cas- tanea, a chestnut, is said by some to have been given to this tree ironically, the nuts, though they have the appearance of sweet chestnuts, being only fit for horses ; and by others, because it is said the nuts are used in Turkey, for curing horses of pulmonary diseases. Gen. Char. Calyx campanulate. Petals 4 — 5, expanded, with an ovate border. Stamens with the filaments recurved inwardly. Capsules echinated. Leaflets sessile, or almost sessile. (Don's Mill.) — Deciduous trees, natives of Asia and North America. Leaves palmately divided, with stalked leaflets, generally rough. Capsule rough. Buds generally covered with resin. — Two species and several varieties are in British gardens. The common horsechestnut is invariably propagated by the nuts, which are sown when newly gathered, or in the following spring ; and in either case they will come up the succeeding summer. All the other sorts, as being varieties of the species, are propagated by budding or grafting. Soil deep sandy loam. Only the first three sorts described below can be considered as true horse- chestnuts ; the remainder, to which some other names might be added, we consider as hybrids between yE'sculus and some kind of Pavia, most pro- bably P. flava. i 1. y®. Hippoca'stanum L. The common Horsechestnut. Identification. Lin. Sp., 488. ; Dec. Prod., 1. p. 697. ; and Don's Mill., 1. p. 662. Symmymes. Hi^pocSstanum vulg&re Tourn. ; Marronier d'Inde, Fr. ; gemeine Rosskastanie, Ger.\ Marrone d'India, Ital. Engravings. Woodv. Med. Bot., 1. 128. ; the plate of this species in the Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. v. ; and 0\ixjig. 166. Spec. Char., Sfc.^ Leaflets 7, obovately cuneated, acute, and toothed. A large deciduous tree. Asia and North America. Height 50 ft. to 60 ft. In- troduced in 1629. Flowers white, tinged with red ; May. Fruit brown ; ripe in October. Decaying leaves dark brown. Naked young wood brown. Buds long, large, greenish brown, covered with resin. Varieties. ¥ M. H. 2 flore plena. — Recorded in nurserymen's catalogues, but not common. t IE. H.3 aureo-variegdtum. — The leaves are blotched with yellow, but they have a ragged and unhealthy appearance, and are by no means ornamental. t M. H. 4 argenteo-variegatum, — Leaves blotched with white. ¥ M. H. 5 incisum Booth. JE. asplenifolia Hort. — Leaflets cut into shreds. Other Varieties. In Booth's Catalogue are the names j®. H. crispum, nigrum, prae'cox, striatum, tortuosum, &c., but none of these, nor any other variety which we have seen, is worth culture. A tree of the largest size, with an erect trunk, and a pyramidal head. The leaves are large, of a deep green colour, and singularly interesting and beau- tiful when they are first developed. When enfolded in the bud, they are covered with pubescence, which falls off as the leaves expand. The growth, both of the tree and of the leaves, is very rapid ; both shoots and leaves being sometimes perfected in three weeks from the time of foliation. The wood weighs, when newly cut, 60 lb. 4 oz. per cubic foot ; and, when dry, 35 lb. 7 oz. ; losing, by drying, a sixteenth part of its bulk. It is soft, and XIV. iESCULA CE^ : ^'SCULUS, 125 i. .^/scutus Hippoc&stanum. unfit for use where great strength, and durability in the open air, are required ; nevertheless, there are many purposes for which it is applicable when sawn up into boards ; such us for flooring, linings to carts, packing-cases, &c. The nuts may be used when burned as a kind of ley, or substitute for soap. The nuts, if wanted for seed, should be gathered up as soon as they drop, and either sown or mixed with earth ; because, if they are left exposed to the air, they will lose their germinating properties in a month. Some nurserymen cause the nuts to germinate before sowing them, in order to have an opportu- nity of pinching off the extremity of the radicle ; by which means the plants are prevented from forming a taproot ; or, at least, if a taproot be formed, it is of a much weaker description than it otherwise would be, and the number of lateral fibres is increased ; all which is favourable for transplanting. When the tree is intended to attain the largest size, in the shortest time, the nut ought to be sown where the tree is finally to remain ; because the use of the taproot is mainly to descend deep into the soil, to procure a supply of \yater, which, in dry soils and seasons, can never be obtained in suiEcient quantities by the lateral roots, which extend themselves near the surface in search of nourishment and air. ¥ 2. ^. (H.) ohioe'nsis Michx. The Ohio ^sculus, or Horsechestnut. Identification. Mich. Arb., 3. p. 242. ; Dec. Prod., I . p. 697. ; Don's Mill., 1 . p. 652. Synonymes. M. ohioensis Lindl. ; '> }B. pallida WiM. ; JE. echinkta Mukl.; X. glibra Tor. * Gray, Vkn'a ohioensis Miclix. ; PSyia glibra Spach; Ohio Buckeye, fetid Buclieye, Amer. All these synonymes appear to us very doubtful, when we compare them with the tree bearing this name in the Hort. Soc. Gardens, and with Dr. Lindley's description of it in Dot. Reg. for 1838, t. 51. Engravings. Michx. Arb., 2. t. 92.-; Bot. Reg., 1838, 1 51. ; and ourjfe. 167. from Michaux. Spec. Char., S[c, Stamens nearly twice the length of the (yellowish white) corolla; petals 4, spreading, a little unequal, the claw scarcely the length of the campanulate calyx ; thyrsus racemose, loosely flow- ered ; leaflets 5, oval or oblong, acuminate, fine and unequally serrate, glabrous. (^Tor. aniGray,\. p. 251.) A deciduous tree of the middle size. Pennsylvania and Virginia. Height in America 10 ft. to 30 ft. j in the climate of London apparently the same as the com- mon horsechestnut. Introduced in ? 1820. Flowers , white, yellow, and red ; May and June. Fruit brown ; ripe in October. Bark rough, fetid. Branches of the thyrsus of flowers short, 4 — 6-flowered; the flowers mostly unilateral, small (not half the size of those of the common horsechestnut). Fruit prickly, resembling that of the cultivated horsechestnut. but scarcely half the size. {Tar. and Gray, i. p. 251.) 167. M. (H.) Dhioin&U 126 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. According to Michaux, the American horserhestnut is commonly a bush or low tree, from 10 ft. to 12 ft. in height ; but it is sometunes 30 or 35 feet high, trunk 12 or 15 inches in diameter. He found it only on the banks of the Ohio ; but Torrey and Gray give as its habitats the western parts of Pennsjlvania, Virginia, Ohio, Kentucky. The tree in the Hort. Soc. Garden is of equally vigorous growth with the common horsechestnut ; the leaves are larger, and ofa bright green : on the supposition that this is the ^. ohioensis oiMichx. and Tor. ^ Gray, we have no doubt in our own mind that it is only a variety of the common horsechestnut, Dr. Lindley, however, is of a different opinion, con- sidering it as a distinct species. (See Bot. Reg., 1838, t. 51.) t 3. JE. (H.) rubicu'nda Lms. The TeMsh-flowered jEscuIus, or Horse chestnut. Identification, Loiseleur Herb. Amat. ; Dec. Prod., 1. p. 697. ; Don's MilL, 1. p. 652. Synonymes. M cSmea Bort., and ZimB. Bot. Reg. ; M rilsea Hort. ; M. coccSnea Hort. ; JB. HippocSstanum var. rubicfindum Schubert ; JS. Watsbnidnu Spach ; Marronier rubicund, Fr. ; scharlachrotbe Rosskastanie, Ger. ; Whitley's fine scarlet. Engravings. Herb. Amat., t. 367- i Hayne Abbild., t 22. ; Bot. Keg., 1. 1056., as ^. cSmea ; Wats. Dendr., t.l21., as JB. c&rnea ; the plate of this species in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. t. ; and our fig. 168. Spec. Char., S^c. Petals 4, with the claws shorter than the calyx. The flowers are scarlet, and very ornamental ; the leaves of a deeper green than those of any other sort, and they have a red spot at the base of the petioles of the leaflets on the under side. The flowers come out of a dark red, and die off still darker. Fruit prickly. A deciduous tree, below the middle size. ? Hybrid from North America, Height 20 ft. to 30 ft. Cultivated in 1820. Flowers red ; May and June. Fruit brown ; ripe in October. It is doubtful whether this tree is a native of North America, or originated in British gardens. It passes under different names in different nurseries. 16S. ^bcaixiCi (Hippoc&stanum) mbictinda. as will be seen by our list of synonymes, and may be considered as differing little, if at all, from .M. carnea lAndl. It is distinguished from Pavia rubra by its larger and rougher leaves ; and from j3S. Hippocastanum by the leaves XIV. ^SCULACEiE: ^SCULUS. 127 being fuller and more uneven on the surface, and of a deeper greeti. The tree is also smaller, and of much less vigorous growth than the common horsechestnut. It is, without doubt, the most ornamental sort of the genus. Variety. I M. {H.) 2 r. rosea, jffi'sculus rosea Hort. — This variety differs from JE. (H.) rubicunda, in having the leaflets without a red spot at the base of the petioles. The flowers come out of a pale red, and die off about the same shade as the flowers of ^. (H.) rubicunda are when they first appear. Other Varieties. There are several names in gardens, and in nursery- men's catalogues, which appear to belong to ^. (H.) rubic(inda, but how fer they are worth keeping distinct, we are very doubtful. Whitley's new scarlet, of which there is an imported tree in the Fulham Nursery, is said to have flowers of a darker scarlet than any of the above-named varieties ; and, if so, it may be recorded as M. (H.) r. 3 Whitleii. M. (H.) ameri- cana of the same nursery belongs also to M. rubicunda. S 4. M. GLA^BRA WWl. The sxDooih-leaved .ffisculus, or Horsechestnut. Identification. WUld. Enum., p. 405. ; Dec. Prod., 1. p. 597. ; Don's Mill., 1. p.6.'i2. ETtgravings. Hayne Abbild., t. 24. ; and our Jigs. 169, 170. Spec. Char., Sj-c. Claws of the petals of about the length of the calyx. Leaf- lets of a pale green, very smooth. Flowers of a greenish yellow. A de- ciduous low tree. North America. Height 20 ft. to 30 ft. Introduced in 1812. Flowers yellow ; June. Fruit brown ; ripe in October. This sort is very distinct ; but it is evidently not the .^'s- culus glabra of Torrey and Gray, but probably a variety of the Je'scuIus flava of these. ;'sculuB glkbta. 169. .S'sculns glkbra. authors, with rough fruit. The whole plant is comparatively glabrous, and even the fruit partakes of that quality. The tree is of less vigorous growth than JE. rubicunda ; and the shoots take a more upright di- rection. It appears to lose its leaves sooner than most of the other sorts. t 5. M. (g.) v^Ji'i.hiJi/LWiUd. The pa\e-flowered Maculas, or Horsechestnut. Jdeat^atiim. Willd. Enum., p. 406. ; Hayne Dend., p. 44. ; Dec. Prod., 1. p. S97. ; Don'l Mill., 1. p. 6.^2. fptonyme. Gelbliche Ros&kastanie, Ger, jigravingt. Hayne Abbild., t. 25. j and our Jig. 171. Spec. Char., ^c. Petals with the claws shorter than the_calyx._ Stamens twice as long as the corolla. A deciduous low tree. Originatfed in gardens. Height 20 ft. to 30 ft. Cultivated in 1812. Flowers pale yellow ; May and June. Fruit brown; ripe in October. This sort so closely resembles .Si. glabra, as to leave no doubt in our mind of its being a variety of that species. It is of somewhat more robust growth, and the leaves are, perhaps, not quite so smooth. 128 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. sculus elkbra pallida. Other Kinds ofM'sculus are enumerated in some nurserymen's catalogues; but we know of none worth notice, except those ah-eady recorded. Genus II. PA'V//I Boerh. The Patia, Buckeye, or Smooth.fruited Horsechest. NUT Tree. Lin. Si/st. Heptandria Monogynia. Identification. Boerh. Lugd., t. 260. ; Dec. Prod., 1. p.699. ; Don's Mill., 1. p. 652. Derivation. In honour of Peter Paw, a Dutch botanist, once professor of botany at Leyden. Buckeye has reference to the conspicuousness of the hilum of the seed, when taken out of the husk. Gen. Char. Calyx tubular. Petals 4, erect, narrow. Stamens straight. Cap- sules unarmed. {Don's MUl.) — Middle-sized deciduous trees or shrubs, natives of North America ; distinguishable from the horsechestnuts by the smoothness of their fruit, and the comparative smallness of their flowers, which have their petals erect and narrower. Leaves palmate, with 5 — 7 leaflets, smooth. Flowers small, with erect and narrow petals. Bttds blunt, not covered with resin. — There are three species, and several varieties or hybrids, in British gardens. Distinguished from the common horsechestnuts, by being smaller and smoother in all their parts. There are probably only three aboriginal species ; but there are several beautiful garden varieties, or hybrids. Culture the same as for the common horsechestnut. 5^ I. P. RU^BRA Lam. The red-lowered Pavia. Identification. Lam. lUust. ; Dec. "Prod., 1. p. 598., -, Don's Mill., 1 . p. 653. Synonymes. ^'scuius Pkvi'fl Lin. and Tor. & Gray ; M. Vavia var, i» rilbra Uayne Bend. p. 44. ; Pivia parvifldra Hort. ; small Buckeye, Amir. \ Marronier Pavie, or Pavie t Fleurs rouges, Fr. \ rothe Rosskastanie, Ger.\ Marrone di Paw, Ital. Engravings. Lam. lUust., t. '.!73. , Hayne Abbild., t. 21. ; Wats. Dend., 1. 120. ; Krause, t. 6S. ; the plate of the tree in A,rb. Brit.,.lst edit.* vol. v. ; and our.^^. 173. Spec. Char., S^c. Corolla of 4 petals, that are longer than the stamens. Leaflets 5, elliptic-oblong, tapered to both ends, and smooth, as is the petiole ; axils of the nerves hairy on the under surface of the leaf. (Dec. Prod.) A slender-growing tree. Virginia and Carolina, on mountains. Height 10 ft. to 20 ft. Introduced in 1711. Flowers brownish scarlet ; May and June. Fruit brown ; ripe in October. Decaying leaves brown. Naked young wood reddish brown. XIV. ^scula'ce^ : va\ij. 129 Vaneties. t P.r.2 argiita G. Don. (B. Reg., t. 993.; our ^.172.) — A hand- some small tree, with dark brownish red flowers,differinglittle from those of P. ' rubra. Introduced in ? 1820. 't P.r.SsitbhcinidtaWaXs. Dend. Brit. t. 120. ^. P. serrata ffort. — Leaflets acutely serrated : in other re- spects it differs little from the species, s P. r. 4 kumilis. P. hu- milis G. Don ; and ^'sculus humilis Lodd. (Bot. Reg., t. 1018; and our _fig. 173.) -^ A diminutive, weak, straggling form of the species, probably obtained from some sport, and which, on its own root, is only a re- 17S. Tkviu r{ibra argbta. 175. FhTid r&bra hfunills. cumbent bush, from 2 ft. to 3 ft. in height ; but which, when grafted 130 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. on the common horsechestnut, forms the very beautiful pendulous low tree of which there is a plate in the Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. v. In addition to these varieties, there are the three forms which are enu- merated below. In its native country this species varies in magnitude from a low rambling shrub to a tree of 20 ft. or more in height. In England P. rubra is in culti- vation in various forms : as a tree, in which character it has, at Syon (see our plate in the Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. v.), attained the height of 26 ft. ; as a pendulous tree of 12 or 14 feet in height (see our plate in the Arb. Brit., 174. PkTio nMii-a. 1st edit., vol. v., under the name of P. r. fendula) ; and as a trailing shrub, under the name of P. humilis, in the London Hort. Soc. Garden, and in the arboretum of Messrs. Loddiges. t 2. P. flaVa Dec. The y^Aow-Jlowered Pavia. IdenUfication. Dec. Prod., 1. p. .598. ; Don's Mill., 1. p. 653. Synonywes. ^'sculiis flJiva Ait, Hayne, and Tor. S[ Gray ; JE. IQcea Wangh, ; Vkvia liltea Poir. \ fb". sweet Buckeye, big Buckeye, Amer. ; the yellow Pavia ; the yellow HorsecheEtnut Engravings. Wats. Dend. Brit., 1. 163. ; the plate in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. v. ; and our Jig. 175. Spec. Char., Sgc. Petioles pubescent, flattish towards the tip. Leaflets 5 — 7« pubescent beneath, and above upon the nerves. (Dec. Prod.') A deciduous tree of the middle size. Virginia and Georgia, in fertile valleys. Height 30 ft. to 80 ft. in America ; 30 ft. to 40 ft. in England. Introduced in 1764. Flowers yellow ; April and May. Fruit brown ; ripe in October. Decay- ing leaves yellow, tinged with brown. Naked young wood yellowish brown. A more vigorous and rigid-growing tree than P. rubra, with the branches XIV. .escula'ce^ : paV/^. 131 175. PAvia fliva. upright ; whereas in P. rubra they are spreading, slender, and pendulous. Leaves paler than in P. rubra. To thrive, it, like all the' other ^sculiiceEe, requires a deep rich soil. Propagated by budding, because the colour of the flowers is found to vary much in plants raised from seed. S 3. P. (f.) negle'cta G. Don. The neglected Pavia. Identification. Loud. Hort. Brit, p. 143. ; Don's Mill., 1. p. 653. ; Swt. Hort. Brit., p. 83. Synonyme. vS'sculus neglecta LindL. in Bot. Reg. Engravings. Bot. Reg., t. 1000. ; and our Jig. 176. 17r. Pfcvifl (flilM) neglecta. K 2 132 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BaiTANNICUM. Spec. Char., ^c. Leaflets 5, lanceolate, serrulated, tapering to the base, flat, rather plicate, smooth beneath, but pilose in the axis of the veins. Calyx campanulate, obtusely 5-toothed, about the length of the pedicel. Stamens rather longer than the corolla. Superior petal veined. {Don's Mill.) A deciduous tree. North America. Height 20 ft. to 30 ft. Introduced in 1823. Flowers yellow and red; May and June, a week earlier than P. flava. Fruit brown; ripe in October. Leaves with rufous down on the veins on the upper side. Flowers pale yellow, veined with red, disposed in thyrsoid racemes. Capsules unarmed, but the ovary tomentose. A tree resembling Pavia flava but smaller. The plant in the H&rt. Soc. Garden was purchased from M. Catros of Bordeaux, under the name of ^. ohioensis. In the Sot Reg. it is said to be most nearly related to ^. (Pavia) flava, but to diflfer from it in the flowers appearing a week or 10 days earlier, and in the leaflets being more glabrous, with rufous down on the veins on the. upper side, and with hairs in the axils of the veins on the under surface. 2 4. P. macroca'rpa Hort. The long-fruited Pavia. Synonyme. ^'sculuB Tkvia macroc4rpa Loiid. Cat., 1830. " The plate in Arb. Brit., voL v. ; and our.^. 177. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves glabrous on both sides. Leaflets ovate-lanceolate. A deciduous tree under the middle size. A garden hybrid between 177. F&via niaeroc4rpa. ^'sculus and Pavia ? riibra. Height 20 ft. to 30 ft. Cultivated in 1820. Flowers pale red and yellow, nearly as large as the common horsechestnut ; May and June. Fruit brown ; ripe in October. XIV. ^SCULA^CEiE: VK\IA. 133 The leaves are large, glabrous on the upper surface, and shining. The branches are spreading and loose ; and the whole tree has an open graceful appear- ance, quite different from that compactness of form and rigidity of branches which belong to most of the tree species and varieties both of ^ffi'sculus and Pavia. a 5. P. Di'scoLOR Swt. The two-coloured;/?oKier'e(i Pavia. Identification. Swt Hort. Brit, p. 83. ; Don's Mill., p. 653. SvTiont/mes. jE'sculus discolor Ph. and Bot. Reg, j ^'sculus PSvea j3 discolor Tor. 8f Gray. Engravings Bot Reg., t. 310. \ and our^. 178. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaflets 5, acuminate at both ends, tomentose beneath, un- equally serrulated. Raceme thyrsoid, many-flowered. Corolla of four con- niving petals, with their claws the length of the calyx. Stamens 7, shorter than the corolla. (Don's MUl.) A deciduous tree-like shrub. Virginia and Georgia, in fertile valleys and on mountains. Height 3 ft. to 10 ft. In- troduced in 1812. Flowers variegated with white, yellow, and purple; May and June. Fruit brown ; ripe in October. Decaying leaves yellowish brown. Naked young wood of a brownish stone-colour. The whole plant, including the young wood, is covered with pubescence. The flowers are large, showy, continu- ing a long time expanding, and nume- rous though they are but sparingly succeeded by fruit. When the plant is raised from seed, it is remarkable for its thick, fleshy, carrot-like roots, which, in free soU, penetrate perpendi- cularly to the depth of 8 or 10 feet I before they branch. Unless when grafted on jSJ. Hippocastanum, it is seldom seen above 4; or 5 feet in height ; but it is a very free flowerer, and, considered as a shrub, is in May, when it is in flower, one of the most ornamental that the British arboretum affords. * 6. P. MACRosTA^CHTA Zois. The long-racemed Pavia. Jdeniijication. Lois. Herb. Amat ; Dec. Prod., 1. p. 698. ; Don's Mill., 1. p. 652. Synonymes. jE'sculus parviflbra IValt.^ and Torr. Sf Gray ; M macrostachya Mx. and Hayne ; Pavi'ff Elba Poir. ; Pavea edtilis Poit Arb. Fr. t. 88. ; Macrothf rsus discolor Spach ; Pavier k longs E'pis, Pavier nain, Fr. ; langahrige Rosskastanie, Ger. Engravings. Lois. Herb. Amat, t 212. ; Hayne Abbild., t. 26. ; and our fig. 179. Spec. Char., Sfc. Stamens much longer than the corolla. Racemes very long. Root stoloniferous. Flowers white. (Dec. Prod.) A deciduous shrub, with numerous radicled shoots. South Carolina and Georgia. Height in Ame- rica 2 ft. to 4 ft. ; in the climate of London 10 ft. to 15 ft. Introduced in 1820. Flowers white, with long pro- jecting stamens, which give the spike a fine fringed appearance ; July and August. Fruit brown ; ripe in October. The shoots are slender, spreading, and rooting at the joints where they happen to rest on the soil, with ascendent extre- mities. The tree comes into flower about a onth or six weeks later than the other ^sculiceae, and continues flowering, K 3 178< P&Tia discolor. 179. F^Tu ipacrost&clija 134 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. in the case of large plants on moist soil, for three months or longer, forming one of the greatest floral ornaments of the shrubbery, at a season when very few trees or shrubs are m flower. The fruit, which is small, seldom ripens in England : but in America it is said to be eaten, boiled or roasted ; and M. Poiteau, accordingly, has included this species of Pavin in his list of fruit trees. Layers ; or seeds, when they can be procured, and which ought to be sown as soon as possible after they are ripe. Other Kinds of Pdma. — Pamn californka (JE. californica iVatt.) has been described by Torrey and Gray, but is not yet introduced. P. LponW is in the Hort. Soc. Garden, but has not yet flowered there. We have omitted in this edition P. hybrida, described by DeCandoUe as a truly intermediate plant be- tween P. rubra and P. fiava, with yellow, white, and purple flowers ; because the only plant which we have seen bearing this name, that in the Hort. Soc. Garden, has the flowers yellow, and appears merely a very slight variety of P. flava. In nurserymen's catalogues there are several names which we have not noticed ; for the truth is, that the diflferent kinds of ^'sculus and Vkvia cross-fecundate so freely, and seedlings vary so much, that there is no limit to Ihe number of varieties that might be produced. The great error (because it creates so much confusion in the nomenclature) consists in giving these varieties to the world as species. It is almost unnecessary to observe, that all the most valuable varieties, of both ^'sculus and Pavia, are best perpetuated by budding or grafting, and that collectors ought always to see that the plants they purchase have been worked. Pavia rubra as a tree, P. discolor either as a shrub or grafted standard high, and P. macrostachya as a shrub, ought to be in every collection, whether small or large. Pavia hiimilis, when grafted standard high on the common horsechestnut, forms an ornament at once singular and beautiful. As the horsechestnut is to be found in most plantations, those who' are curious in the species and varieties might graft them on the upper branches of old trees ; or young trees might be headed down, and one kind grafted on each. Order XV. SAPINDA^CEiE. Obd. Char. Flowers polygamous. — Males with the calyx more or less deeply 4- — 5-parted. Petals 4 — 3, or occasionally absent, alternate with the sepals. jDisA fleshy. iSiamejw 8— 10, inserted into the disk. — Hermaphro- dite Jloivers with the calyx, petals, disk, and stamens as in the males. Ovary .S-celled. Cotyledons incumbent. Plumule 2-leaved. (Lindl.) — A tree, a native of China. Leaves compound, alternate, stipulate, deciduous. Flowers terminal, in racemose panicles, small, white or yellow. — There is only one hardy species belonging to this order in British gardens, namely, Kolreuteria paniculata Laxm. Genus I. k6LREUTE^R/4 Laxm. The Kolreutbria. Lin. Sysf. Octandria Monogynia. Identification. Laxm. Acad. Petr.;16. p. 661.; L'HiSrit. Sert., 18. 1. 19 ; WiUd Snec PI 330 • Dec. Prod., 1. p. 616. s Don's Mill., I. p. 672. i- ■ ■> , Synonymes. Saplndus sp. Lin.JU. -, Cdlreuteria, Hal. Derivation. In honour of John Tkeophitus Kolreuier, once professor of natural history at Carls- pihe, and celebrated for his researches on the pollen of plants. XV. ^SCULA^CEiE. XVI. TITA^CEvE. \3t Gen. Char., S^c. Calyx of 5 sepals. Petals 4, each with 2 scales at the base. Capsule 3-celled, inflated. Seeds ovate-globose, the seed-coat penetrating into the seed, and occupying in the place of an axis the centre of the em- bryo, which is spirally convoluted. (Dec. Prod.) Leaves impari-pinnate, of many pairs of leaflets, that are ovate and coarsely toothed. Flowers yellow, in panicles. — A deciduous tree. ' 1! 1. K. panicula'ta Laxm. The panicled;/?02t>enKg Kolreuteria. Identification. Laxm. Acad. Petr., 16. p. 661. ; Dec. Prod., 1. p. 616. •, Don's Mill., 1. p. 672. Synonymes. Saplndus chioensis Lm. j£;. 5up7i. p. 221 . ; K. paullin/dif2(;f L'Herit. Sert. ; Savonnier paoiculi, Fr. ; rispentragende Kdlreuterie, Ger. Engravings. N. Du Ham., 1. t. 36. ; Bot. Reg., t. 320. ; and the plate of the tree in Arb. Brit., 1st edit, vol. T. ; and ous Jig. 180. Spec. Char., ^c. Leaves impari-pinnate, with ovate leaflets, coarsely toothed. Flowers polygamous. A deciduous tree of the middle size. North of China Height 20 ft. to 40 ft. in the climate of London. Introduced in 1763. Flowers yellow, in terminal, racemose, spreading panicles ; July and August. Fruit a bladdery capsule, whitish brown ; ripe in October. Decaying leaves deep yellow. Naked young wood brown. It is very hardy ; the hermaphrodite plants not unfrequently ripening seeds in the neighbourhood of London. It has not only a very fine appearance 180. KiJIreutilia panlcoUta. when in flower, but alsd in autumn, when the tree is covered with its large bladdery capsules, and the leaves change to a deep yellow, which they do before they fall off. It is of the easiest culture in any common soil, and is readily propagated either by seeds or cuttings of the root or branches. In the London niu-series it is generally propagated by seed. Order XVI. VITA'C'EM. Obd. Chab. Calyx small. Petals 4 or 5. Stamens equal in number to the petals ; filaments distinct, or slightly cohering at the base. Anthers versa- tile. Ovarium 2-celled. Fruit a pulpy berry. Seeds 4 or 5, fewer by K 4 136 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. abortion ; embryo erect ; albumen hard. — Climbing shrubs, with tumid separable joints. Leaves simple or compound, opposite or alternate, stipulate, deciduous ; the lower ones opposite, the upper alternate. Flowers axillary, racemose, sometimes by abortion changing to tendrils, which are generally opposite to the leaves ; small, green. — Shrubs, trailing and climbing, deciduous, and including the grape vine, which may be considered as the type of the order. The genera which contain hardy species are three, which are thus contradistinguished : — FiVis. Style wanting. Petals 5. Ampelo'psis. Style 1. Petals 5. Ci'ssHS. Style 1. Petals 4. Genus I. rrXIS L. The Grape Vine. Lin. Syst. Pentandria Monogynia. Identification. Lin. Gen., 284. ; Dec, Prod., 1. p. 61 Si/noni/mes, Giud, Celtic j Vid, Span. ; Vigne, Fr. 3.; Don's Mill., 1. p. 696. Vite, Ital. ; Wein, Ger. Gen. Char. Flowers hermaphrodite, dioecious or trioecious. Calyx commonly 3-toothed. Petals 5, cohering at the top, separating at the base, and de- ciduous. Stamens 5. (Dec. Frod.) — Climbing tendriled shrubs, deciduous ; natives of Asia and North America. Leaves simple, alternate, stipulate, lobed or serrated. Flowers in thyr- soid racemes, small, and. of a greenish yellow. — There are several species in British gardens, the principal of which is the grape vine. -i 1. r. vin['fera L. The wine-bearing Vine. Identification. Lin. Spec, 293. ; Dec. Prod., 1. p. 633. ; Don's Mill., 1. p. 695. Spnont/mes. Vigne, Fr. ; gemeiner Weinstock, Ger. ; Vite da Vino, Ital. Engravings. Duh. Arb. Fr., 2. t. 16. ; Jacq. Ic, I. p. 53. ; and ourj^. 181 Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves lobed, toothed, si- nuated, or serrated, naked or dowhv. {Dec. Prod.) A de- ciduous tendriled climber. Syria. Stem 20 ft. to 50 ft. Cul- tivated in 1648, or probably from the time of the Romans. Flowers greenish yellow, scented ; June and July. Fruit green, red, or black ; ripe in October. Decaying leaves yel- i^'- Wus vinifera. low or red. Naked young wood yellowish brown. Varieties. The grape vine has been in cultivation from the remotest period of history, in the warmest parts of the temperate zones of the Old World Ihe varieties have been described at length by Du Hamel in France, Don Koxas de Clementi in Spain, and Sickler in Germany. The varieties of the vine as a fruit shrub, and all that relates to their propagation and culture, will be found treated of in our Encyclopcedia of Gardening ; and we shall XVI. faxA CE^ : n Tis. 137 182. niis vinfftfra apiifiMid. here only notice those which we think deserving of cultivation, as orna- mental and fragrant-flowered climbers. -t "V. «. 2 folus incdnis. Miller's Grape, or Miller's black Cluster Grape. — Leaves almost entire, small, woolly, and whitish. Fruit round, small, in compact bunches, black. This variety is selected on account of the whiteness of its leaves, -i v. ■!>. 3 foliis rubescentibm. The Claret/ Grape ; Tenturier, Fr. {iV. Du Ham., var. 75., not Clairette Du Ham., var. 12.) — The leaves are larger than those of the preceding variety, and more lobed and notched : in the autumn, before they die off, they change to a deep claret colour, in which state they are highly ornamental. -A V. «. 4 apiifolia ladmosa L, The Parsley- leaved Grape Vine ; Ciotat, Fr. ; Vite d'Egitto, /to/, {fig. 182.) — The leaves are beautifully laciniated, middle-sized, and the fruit black. A very handsome cUmbing shrub wfhich has been in cultivation for its fruit since 1648. -I 2. V. £abru'sca L. The wild Vine, or Fox Grape. Idenlificatim. Lin. Spec, 293. ; Dec. Prod., 1. p. 634. : Don's Mill., I. p. 711. : Tor. and Gray, 1. p. 244. r • , y , i, SyjumyiTus. . V. taurlna Walt. ; filziger Wein, Ger. ; Abrostine, Ifal. Engravings. Plum. Icon., t. 259. fig. 1. ; Jacq. Schoen., t 426. 5 and our fig. 183. Spec. Char., ^c. Sexes dioecious or polygamous. Leaves heart-shaped, rather .3-lobed, acutely toothed beneath, and the peduncles tomentose and rather rusty. (Dec. Prod.) Canada to Georgia. Climbing stem 10 ft. to .SO ft. Introduced in 1656. Flowers greenish yellow ; June and July. Fruit red or black ; ripe in October. Decaying leaves brown or black. Varieties. Several varieties, with red, white, or black . fruit, are known in the gardens of North America,r from which wine is made ; such as the Isabella, Schuyl- kill or Alexander's, the Catawba, and Bland's Grape, which have doubtless been produced from seeds of this species. (^Tor. and Gray.) Leaves 4 in. to 6 in. or more in diameter, often distinctly 3-lobed, short, mucronate, and densely tomentose beneath. Berries 6 — 7 lines in diameter, globose, usually very dark purple when ripe, but sometimes amber-coloured or greenish white, of a strong musky flavour, and filled with a tough pulp. {Ibid.) JL 3. V. .sstiva'lis Michx. The Summer Vine, or Grape Vine. Identification. Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer., 2. p. 230.; Dec. Prod., 1. p. 634.; Don's Mill., 1. p. 711.; Tor, and Gray, 1. p. 244. Synonymes. V. vinifera americSna Marsh. ; V. interm&dia Mzchi. ; and V. palmita VahU Engravings. Jac. Hort. Schccn., t. 42o. ; and our fig. 184. Spec. Char., S^c. Sexes dioecious or polygamous. Leaves broadly heart-shaped, with from 3 to 5 lobes; the under surface of the young ones invested with a cottony down ; of the adult ones, smooth. Racemes fertile, oblong. Berries small. {Dec. Prod.) A tendriled climber. Con- necticut to Florida. Stem 20 ft. to 30 ft. In- troduced in 1656. Flowers greenish yellow ; June, in October. Leaves 4 in. to 7 in. wide, often deeply lobed, with the sinuses rounded ; 183. ntls iabrfisca. ntis eestiT&liji. Fruit dark blue ; ripe 138 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. 185. ntis coriliAUa. the lower surface, particularly in the young state, clothed with a reddish cobweb-like pubescence ; when old, somewhat glabrous. Berries S---* lines in diameter, deep blue, of a pleasant flavour; ripe in October. {Tar. and Gray.) Perhaps only a variety of the preceding species. V. /abruscdides Muhl. is also probably a synonyme or a variety of that species. -i 4. V. cordifo'lia Michx. The \\ta.n-shape-\ca\ed Vine, or Chichen Grape. Identification. Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer., 2. p. 231. ; Dec. ?rod., 1. p. 654. ; Don's Mill., 1. p. 711. ; Tor. and Gray, 1 . p. 244. Sijnmymes. V. inclsa Jacq. Schan. t. 427. ; V. vulpina Lin. Spec. p. 293., Walt. Flor. Car. 243. ; Winter Grape ; Frost Grape. Engravings. Jacq. Schcen., t. 247. ; and our.^^. 185. Spec. Char., 3,0. Sexes dicecious or poly- J^ gamous. Leaves heart-shaped, acuminate, toothed in the mode of incisions, smooth on both surfaces. Racemes loosely many- flowered. Berries small, greenish, ripened late. (Dec. Prod.) A tendriled climber. Canada to Florida, in thickets along rivers. Stem 10 ft. to 20 ft. Introduced in 1806. Flowers greenish yellow ; June. Fruit greenish ; ripe in November. Leaves thin, 3 in. to 6 in. in diameter, often slightly 3-lobed, and rarely sinuated. Berries nearly black when mature, about a quarter of an inch in di- ameter, ripening late in autumn ; acid, but tolerably well flavoured after having been touched by frost. (Tor. and Gray.) i 5. V. KIPA^RIA Michx. The river-side, or sweet-scented. Vine. Identifkation. Michx. Flor. Bor. Amer., 2. p. 821.; Dec Prod,, 1. p. 635. ; Don's Mill., 1. p. 711. Synxmymes. V. odoratissima Bonn Hort. Cant., and Lodd. Cat. \ Vigne de Battures, Amer. Engravings. Bot. Mag., t. 2429. ; Deud. Brit., 1. p. 13. ; and our fig. 186. Spec. Char., S/C. Leaves heart-shaped, shallowly 3- cleft, toothed in the mode of incisions and un- equally. Footstalk, and the margin of the nerves, pubescent. Racemes loose. Fruit small. (Dec. Prod.) A tendriled climber. Canada to Virginia. Stem 20 ft. to 30 ft. Introduced in 1806. Flowers greenish yellow, with the fragrance of mignonette; June and July. Fruit dark purple, or amber; ripe in October. Leaves 4 in. to 6 in. in diameter, thin ; teeth very coarse, acuminate. Berry 3 — 4 lines in diameter, dark purple, or amber colour, when ripe. (Tor. and Gray.) 186. ntia ripiria. i 6. V. VULPI^NA L. The Fox Grape, or Bullet Grape. l.p. 245. Srit. 1st edit ; Muscadine Identification. Willd. Sp., 1. 1181. ; Walt. Car., p. 243. ; Tor. and Gray Synonymes. V. rotundifdlia Michx., Pwrsh, Dec, Bon^s Mill, and Ark Grape. Engraving. Oar fig. 187. Spec. Char., Ijc. Branches minutely verrucose. Leaves cordate, shining on both surfaces, somewhat 3-lobed, coarsely toothed, the teeth not acuminate. Racemes composed of numerous capitate umbels. Berries large. (Tor. and Gray.) A tendriled climber. Virginia to Florida. Stem 20 ft. to 30 ft. Introduced in 1806. Flowers greenish yellow ; June and July. Fruit deep blue ; ripe in October. The stem of this species has a smooth bark, and climbs to the summit of some of the highest trees. Leaves 2 — S in. in diameter ; the lower surface more shining than the upper ; sinus deep, but rather acute. Fruit 7 — 8 lines XVI. riTA^CEiE : AMPELO'PSIS. 139 in diameter, covered with a coria- ceous integument, the flower not un- pleasant. This, according to Torrey and Graj , appears to be the original v. vulpina of Linnaeus. Oflier Species of Yitii. — The American species have been consi- derably reduced in number by JNIessrs. Torrey and Gray ; but it appears to us, that the reduction might have been carried still farther. Some species are described as na- tives of the Himalayas, and 130 varieties are noticed by Rafinesque in his Monograph of American Vines (see Gard. Mag., vol. viii. p. 248.) ; but they are not yet known in this country. Indeed, from the appear- ance of the above-described species in the Hort. Soc. Garden, we are much inclined to thinli they are only varieties of the same species. They certainly do not differ more from each other than the known varieties of the common cultivated 187. nUs Tulpina. Genus II. E AMPELO'PSIS Michx. The Ampelopsis. Monogynia lAn. St/st. Pentandria IdentiJUaUon. Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer., 1. p. 159. ; Dec. Prod., 1. p. 632. ; Don's Mill., 1. p. 694. Synonyvtes. Htis sp. and Cissus sp. ; Ampelosside, Ital. Derivation. Ampeios, a vine, and op3is, resemblance ; similarity in the habits of the species. Gen. Char. Calyx almost entire. Petals 5, falling off separately. Stigma capitate. Ovary not immersed in a di-k, including 2—4 ovules. (Dec. Prod.) Leaves compound, alternate, exstipulate, deciduous ; palmate, pinnate, or bipinnate. Flowers small. — Tendriled climbers, natives of North Ame- rica. The species in British gardens are two, of the easiest culture in any common soil ; and one of them, A. ^ederacea, is among the most ornamental of hardy climbers. 1 1. A. HEDERA^CEA Michx. The Iv3'-like Ampelopsis, or Five-leaved Ivy. Identification. Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer., 1. p. 160. ; Dec. Prod., 1. p. 63S. ; Don's Mill., 1. p. 694. St/nonpmes. fledera quinquefblia Xinn. Sjoec. 292. ; ntis quinquefblia Lam. //^ No. 2815. ; Cfssus ^ederJcea PA. Fl. Amer. Sept. 1. p. 170. ; Cissus qulnquefWia Hort. Par. ; Utis AederJcea Willd. Spec. p. 1182.; AmpelBpsis quiuqueRilia Hoolc. Fl. Bor. Amer. \. 114., and Tor. S; Gray; Vigne Vierge, Fr. ; Jungfem Reben, or wilder Wein, GeT.\ Vite del Canada, iial. EngraviTigs. Coraut. Ganad., t. 100. ; and our^. 188. Spec. Char., ^c. Leaves digitate, of from 3 to 5 leaflets, that are stalked oblong, toothed with mucronated teeth. Kacemes dichotomously corym- bose. (Dec. Prod.) A tendriled climber. Canada to Georgia. Stem 30 ft. to 50 ft., or more. Introduced in 1629 Flowers yellowish green ; June 140 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. 18s. AmpeWpsls Aederkcea. and July. Berry black or dark blue ; ripe in October. Decaying leaves deep purple ■ or red, or yellowish red. Variety. X A. h. i hirsuta Tor. & Gray. A. hirsiita Donn ; Cfssus Aederacea ;6 hirsuta Pursh. — Leaves pubescent on both sides, leaflets ovate. The plants of this variety in British gar- dens do not die off of so intense a crimson as the species. Stem attaching itself to trees and walls by expansions of the extremities of the tendrils. Panicle many-flowered. Petals at first some- what cohering, at length spreading. Berry about as large as a small pea, the peduncles and pedicels bright crimson ; and the foliage in autumn, before it dies off, of a deep crimson. ' The most vigorous-growing and generally ornamental climber in Europe. It thrives in almost every soil and situation from Warsaw to Naples, and in town, as well as in the country. 1 2. A. bipinna'ta Michx. The bipinnate-fefflwrf Ampelopsis. Identification. Michx. FI. Bor. Amer., I. p. 160. ; Dec. Prod., 1. p. 633. ; Don's Mill., 1. p. 694. SyTWnymes. Htis arbbrea WiM. Spec. 1. p. 1183. ; Fitis bipinn^ta Tor. Sf Gray i Cissus staos Pers. Syn. 1. p. 183., Ph. Ft. Amer. Sept. 1. p. 170. ; Vite del Carolina, Hal. Engravings. Pluk. Mant., p. 412. fig. 2. ; and onr fig. 189. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves bipinnate, smooth ; leaflets cut in a lobed manner. Racemes pedunculate, almost doubly bifid. Berries globose and cream- coloured. {Dec. Prod.') A. tendriled climber. Virginia to Georgia. Stem 10 ft. to 20 ft. Introduced in 1700. Flowers greenish white ; June to August. Berry black ; «^,^ ripe in October. Decay- '>a ing leaves purplish red, sometimes yellowish red. Stem upright, or some- what twining, glabrous. Panicle short, spreading, and without tendrils. Berry globose, depressed, as large as a small pea, blackish when ripe, slightly hairy. (Tor. and Gray.) A very handsome climber, of easy culture, and much admired for the beauty of its foliage. Compared with A. Aede- racea, it is of slow growth, ISS. AmpeliSpsis bipinnala. the shoots in the climate of London being seldom more than 18 in. or 2 ft. in a season. Other Species of Ampelopsis. — A. incisa, .Kitis incisa Nutt., is described in Torrey and Gra/s Flora ; but we are not aware of its having been introduced, j^. cordata Michx. (the Cissus Ampelopsis of Persoon, and Titis indivisa of Willdenow) is described in the first edition of this work ; but, as we consider it a very doubtful species, we have omitted it in this abridgement. A. capreola'a G. Don, Fitis capreolata D. Don, and A. b6trya Dec, are also omitted, as not having been yet introduced. XVI. riTACEjE, XVII. XANTHOXYLA'CEjE. 141 Genus III. f / CI'SSUS L. The Cissus. Lin. Syst. TetrSndria Monogynia. Identification. Lin. Gen., No. 147. ; Dec. Prod., \. p. 627. ; Don's Mill., 1. p. 689. Synonymes. Ampelopsis, and Fltis in part. Derivation. Kisses is the Greek name of the ivy, which these plants in some manner resemble. Gen. Char. Calyx almost entire. Petals 4, falling off separately. Ovarp 4-celled. Serry I — l-seeded. (Dec. Prod.) Leaves compound, alternate, exsti- pulate, deciduous ; trifoliate. Flowers axillary, small, greenish. Fruit a berry. — Climbing shrubs, only one of which is hardy in British gardens. X 1. C. ORiENTA'Lis. The oriental Cissus, or Ivy Vine. JderUification. Lam. 111. p. 332. Don's Mill., 1. p. 694. Engravings. Lam. III., t. 84. fig. 2. ; and our %. 190. Spec.Cbar.,4rc. Leaves bipinnate, smooth ; leaflets ovate, serrated. (Don's Mill.) A deciduous climber. Levant. Stem 5 ft. to 10 ft. Introd. in 1818. Flow- ers yellowish green ; June and July. Berry, ?. We have only seen the plant bearing this name in the collection of Messrs. Loddiges, from which our figure is taken, and which, as it does not agree very well with the specific character, is perhaps not the true plant. At all events, the plant figured is handsome, and as vigo- rous and hardy as Ampelopsis bipinnata. ,30. a5,„<,ri,„ti,i,. Order XVIL XANTHOXYLA^CEiE. Ord. Char. Flowers unisexual, regular. Calyx in 3 — 5 divisions. Pelals the same number, longer than the calyx ; aestivation generally twisted. Stamens equal in number to the petals ; in the female flowers wanting or imperfect. Ovary with as many carpels as there are petals. Fruit either berried or membranous. — Trees or shrubs, chiefly natives of warm climates. (Lindl.) Leaves compound, alternate or opposite, without stipules ; abruptly or unequally pinnate ; with pellucid dots. Flowers axillary or terminal ; grey, green, or pink. — The species in British gardens are comprised in three genera, which are thus contradistinguished : — Xantho'xtlum L. Flowers bisexual. Carpels 1 — 5, 2-valved. Leaves abruptly and impari-pinnate. Pte'lea L. Flowers bisexual. Fruit compressed, 2 — 3-celled ; cells winged. Leaves of 3 leaflets, rarely of 5 leaflets. Aila'vtvs Desf. Flowers polygamous. Carpels 3 — 5, membranous. Leave* abruptly or impari-pinnate. 142 AIIBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BUITANNICUM. Genus I. XANTHO'XYLUM i., and H. B. et Kth. The Xanthoxvlum, or Toothache Tree. Lin. Syst. Dioe'cia Tri-Pentandria. Identification. Lin. Gen., No. 160. and 1109. ; Deo. Prod., 1. p. 72.5. ; Don's Mill., 1. p. 801. Syrwnymes, Zanthoxylum (it is thus spelled in many botanical works) ; Kampm^nma Bafin. ; Clavalier, Fr. ; Zahnwehholx, G^r.; Santossilo, //a/. Derivation. From tanthos. yellow, and xulon, wood ; from the yellowness of the wood, more espe- cially of the roots. The French name means club tree, and the German name, the toothache tree. Gen. Char. Calyx short, 3 — i-parted. Petals equal in number to the lobes of the calyx, but longer, very rarely wanting. — Malefiowers. Stamens equal in number with the petals. — Female Jtowers. Stamens sometimes wanting, or very short. Ovaries 5 — 1, sometimes equal in number to the petals. Capsules 1 — 5, 1 — 2-seeded. Seeds globose, dark, shining. (Don's Mill.) Leaves compound, alternate, stipulate, deciduous; pinnately 3 — 13-folio- late. Flowers axillary, small, greenish or whitish. Inflorescence various. — Deciduous low trees or shrubs, natives of North America, with prickles on the branches, petioles, and midrib of the leaflets. The species in British gardens are of easy culture in any common soil, and are easily propagated by seeds, layers, or cuttings of the roots. ^ * 1. X. Fraxi'neum WiM. The Ash-fe(Zt)i?(i^Xanthoxylum, or common Toothache Tree. 191. Xanthgxylum JVaxineum XVII. xanthoxylaYejE : pteYea. U3 Identification. Willd. Sp., 4. p. 767. ; Dec. Prod., 1. p. 726. ; Don's Mill., 1. p. 80S. Synonymes. Zanth6xylum ramiflbrum Mich. Fl. B. A.2. p. 235. ; Z. Cldva Hgrculij var. Lin. Sp. 1455., Lam. Did. 2. p. 38. ; Z. americSnum Milt. Diet. No. 2., and Tor. ^ Gray^ I. p. 214, ; Z. mXteWiUd. Enum ; Z. caribBe'um Giert. Fruct., but not of Lam. ; Z. tricarpum Hook, not of Michx. ; Clavalier i Feuilles do Frfene, Fr. ; Eschen-blattriges Zahnwehhotz, Ger. ; Prickly Ash, Amer. ; Frassino spinoso, Itat. F-tt^avmgs. Du Ham. Arb., 1. t. 97. ; the plate of this species in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. t. ; and ourj^. 191. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves pinnate, of 4 to 5 pairs of leaflets, and an odd one ; the leaflets ovate, obscurely sawed, equal at the base ; the petiole round, and de- void of prickles; prickles in the situation of stipules. Flowers in axillary umbels, without petals. (JDec. Prod., i. p. 726, 727.) A low deciduous tree or shrub. Canada to Virginia. Height 10 ft. to 15 ft. Introd. 1740. Flowers yellowish, with red anthers ; April and May. Seeds large, black ; ripe in September. Decaying leaves yellowish green. Naked young wood ash- coloured and greenish. Variety. 4 a X. f. 2 mrginicum, the X. virglnicum of Lodd. Cat., of which there is a plantin the garden of the London Horticultural Society, and several in the arboretum of Messrs. Loddiges, appears to us only a variety of X.yfaxineum; probably the same as X. (/.) tricarpum. i s 2. X. (f.) trica'rpum Michx. The three-fruited Xanthoxjlum, or Tooth- ache Tree. Identification. Synonymes. t. 334. Engravings. Lam. Dl., 1. 1. 334. ; and ourjig. 192. Spec. Cliar., ^c. Leaves pinnate ; the leaflets 3 to 5 pairs, and an odd one, all on short stalks, oblong oval, acuminate, finely sawed, oblique at the base. Petioles and branches prickly. Pa- nicles terminal. Petals 5. (X)ec. Prod.) A low tree or shrub. North Carolina to Florida. Height 1.0 ft. to 15 ft. Introd. 1806. Flowers greenish ; June. Seeds large, black ; ripe Oct. Leaves and bark very aromatic and pungent. Prickles very sharp. The bark of this and the preceding species is imported from New York, and sold in Covent Garden Market as a cure for the rheumatism. Probably a variety of the pre- ceding species. Other Species of Xanthoxylum. — X. mite Willd., treated as a species by some authors, is made a synonyme of X./raxineum by Torrey and Gray, and it probably bears the same relation to that species that Gleditschza inermis does to G. triacanthos. Our opinion is,' that there is only one species of the genus in British gardens. Genus II. Michx. Fl. Bor. Aiaer., 2. p. 335. ; Dec. Prod., I. p. 726. ; Don's Mill., 1. p. 803. Z. carolini&num Lam., Tor. Sg Gray, 1. p. 214.; Fagira /raxinifblia Lam. III. 1. 192. Xanthdxjlum tricftrpum. ;'Ll PTE'LEA L. The Ptelea, or Shrubby Trefoil. Lin. Syst. Monoe'cia Tetra-Pentandria. Identification. Lin. Gen., No. 152. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 82. ; Don's Mill., 1. p. 806. Synonymes. Bellicia Adans. ; Orme de Samarie, Fr. ; Lederblume, Ger. Derivation. From ptelea, the Greek name of the elm, adopted by LinnaBUS. Gen. Char. Calyx short, 4 — 5 parted. Petals 4—5, longer than the caiyx. Male flowers. Stamens 4 — 5, longer than the petals. — Female flowers. 144 ARBORETUM ET FKUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. Stamevs A~—o, very short. Style short. Fruit compressed, indehiscent, samara-like, turgid, 2 — S-celled. Seeds oblong. (Don's Mill.) Leaves compound, alternate, stipulate, deciduous ; pinnate, 3- rarely 5- foliolate, with pellucid dots, the lateral leaflets inequilateral. Flowers whitish, cymose : cymes corymbed or panicled. — Deciduous shrubs or low trees, natives of North America and Asia. There is only one species in British gardens, which is of the easiest culture, and is propagated by seeds and cuttings, put in in autumn, and covered with a hand glass. t sit I. P. trifolia'ta L. The three-leajleted Ptelea, or Shrvbhy Trefoil. Identification. Lin. Sd., 173. ; Willd. Sp. PI., 1. 670. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 82. ; Don's Mill., 1. p. 806. ; Tor. and Gray, 1. p. 21.5. Synonymes. Orme de Samarie S trois Feullles, IPr. \ dreyblattrige Lederblume, Ger. £ngravings. Dill. Elth., t. 122. ; Schmidt Arb., 2. t. 76. ; the plate in Arb. Brit., 1st. edit., vol. v. , and oar Jig. 193. Spec. Char., S^c. Leaf of three leaflets that ai'e ovate acute, the middle one much tapered towards its base. Flowers in corymbs, usually tetrandrous. (Dec. Prod.) A low tree or shrub. Lake Erie to Florida and Texas. Height 6ft. to 10ft. Introd. 1704. Flowers whitish; June and July; Capsules greenish ; ripe in October. Decaying leaves of a remarkably clear rich yellow. Naked young wood dark purplish brown. Varieties. t SkP.t.2 pentaph^lla Munchh. has 5 leaflets, H. S. S a P. f. 3 pubescens Pursh has the leaflets pubescent. When this plant is pruned up with a single stem, it forms a handsome low tree with a hemispherical head ; but in British gardens it is more frequently 193. Ptilea triibUbta. found as a large shrub, with numerous stems proceeding from the rootstock. The shoots and leaves pubescent when young. Ovary of the staminate flowers abortive. Odour of the flowers disagreeable. Capsules with flattened wings, somewhat resembling those of the elm. Other Species of Ptelea. — P. Baldwinii is described by Torrey and Gray as a shrub not more than a foot high, but it has not yet been introduced. XVII. XANTHOXYLA^CEiE. XVIU. COUIA^ClijE. 145 Genus III. AILA'NTUS Desf. The Ailanto. Ltn. St/st. Polygamia MoncK^cia. Hentificalion. Desf. Act. Acad. Par., 1786, p. 263 ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 88. ; Don's Will., 1. p. 807. Si/jwnt/Tnes. Mh-ixs Ehrh., Ellis, and Moench ; Verne du Japon, Fi\ ; Gotterbaum, Gfr. Derivation. Ailanto is the name of Aildntus glanduldsa Dc.s/. in the Moluccas. It was long con- sidered as a species of ilhils, whence the French name ; and the meaning of the aboriginal word being, it is said, tree of heaven, hence the German name, Gotterbaum, tree of the gods. Gen. Char. Maleflowers. Calyx 5 cleft. Petals 5, longer than the calyx. Stamens 10, the 5 opposite the petals shortest. Disk central. — Hermaphro- dite, or female, finwers. Calyx, petals, and disk as in the male, but with fewer stamens. Ovaries 3 — 3, distinct. Saviarce 3 — 5, oblong ; 1-celled, 1 -seeded. {Don's Mill.) Leaves compound, alternate, exstipulate, deciduous ; impari-pinnate. Flowers terminal, small, gi-eenish. — One species, a deciduous tree from China. 3? 1. A. GLANDULo'sA Desf. The glandulous-/ea««'rf Ailanto. Identiflcation. Desf. Act. Acad. Par. 1786, p. 263. ; Dec Prod., 1 p. 89. ; Don's Mill., 1. p. 807. Synottymes. J. proc&rSL Sal, Prod. p. 271. ; iJhds hypselodendron Jl/tErarA ; li, cacod^ndron Ehrk. ; R. sin&nse Ellis i Aylanthe glanduleux, Fr.; driisiger Gtltterbaum, Ger.; Albero di Paradiso, /^n/. Engravings, Wats. Dend. Brit, t. 108. ; the plate of the tree in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. v. ; and OUT fig. 194. Spec. Char.,Sfc. Leaves impari-pinnate ; the leaflets coarsely toothed at the base ; the teeth glandulous on tne under side. {Dec. Prod.) A large tree. North of China. Height 50 ft. to 60 ft. Introd. 1751. Flowers whitish green, exhaling a disagreeahle odour ; August. Capsules like the keys of the ash, but smaller ; ripe in Octoher. Decaying leaves brownish, but drop- ping with the first frost, without any great chance of colour. The leaflets often- separating from the petiole of the leaf, and leaving it for some weeks attached to the tree. Naked young wood rusty brown, without buds. The leaves on vigorous young trees are sometimes 6 ft. in length. The fruit, which has been ripened at White Knights, resembles the keys of the ash, but is smalkr. The tree grows with great rapidity for the first 10 or 12 years, producing shoots from 3 ft. to 6 ft. in length at first, and attaining the heiglit of I 15 or 20 feet in 5 or 6 years, in favourable* situations. Afterwards its growth is much slower. It grows in any soil, though one that ( is light and somewhat humid, and a sheltered ' situation, suit it best. In France, it is said to thrive on chalky soils, and attain a large size where scarcely any other tree will grow. It is readily propagated by cuttings of the roots. 'm- .fiMniiu gianduuta. SECTiON TV. Fruit gynobasic ; that is, inserted into a fleshy Receptacle, with which the Style is continuous. Order XVIII. CORIA^CE^E. Ord. Chab. Flowers either hermaphrodite, monoecious, or dioecious, CaXyx campanulate, 5-pai'ted. petals 5. Stamens 10. Carpels 5. — Low shrubs, natives of temperate ard warm climates. 146 ARBORETUM ET FUUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. Leaves simple, opposite or alternate, exstipulate, deciduous ; entire. B^ids scaly. Flowers in terminal ani.1 axillary racemes. Fruit in some poisonous, in others edible. — There is only one hardy genus, Coriaria ; the species of which are low shrubs, natives of Eurofie aild Asia. Gr-^'ur, I. CORTA^RIA JVra. The CoRiARiA. Lin. iSyii. Dioe'cia Dccandria. Identification. Niss. in Act. Par. I71I, t. 12, ; Dec. Prod., 1, p. 739. ; Don's Mill., 1. p. 818. Synnnymes. Redoul, IFr. \ Gerberstrauch, Ger. Derivation. From corium, a hide ; C. ?nyrtifi>lia being used both in tanning leather and in dyeing it black. Gen. Char. Flowers either hermaphrodite, monoecious, or dioecious. Calyx S-parted. Petals 5, sepaloid, smaller than the lobes of the calyx. Stamens 10, hypogynous, 5 between the lobes of the calyx and the angles of the ovarium, 5 between the petals and the ftirrows of the ovarium. Anthers bursting by longitudinal shts. Style none. Stigmas 5, long, awl-shaped. Carpels 5, surrounding a fleshy axis ; when ripe, close together, but separate, not opening, 1-seeded, surrounded with glandular lobes. (Lindl.) Leaves simple, opposite, exstipulate, deciduous ; 3-ribbed. Branches square, opposite. — Low sufTruticose shrubs, of easy culture in common soil, and propagated by division of the root. jt I. C. il/YRTiFO^LiA L. The Myrtle-leaved Coriaria. Identification. Lin. Sp., 1467. ; Dec. Prod., 1. p. 739. ; Don's Mill., 1. p. 818. Synonyrjies. Fustet des Corroyeurs, or Redoul k Feuilles de Myrte, Fr. ; Myrtenblattriger Ger- berstrauch, Ger. Engravings. Lara. 111., t. 822. ; Wats. Dend. Brit., 1. 103. ; and our.;^. 195. Spec. Char., S[C. three-nerved, Leaves ovate-lanceolate, acute, n short footstalks, glabrous. Flowers in rather upright racemes. {Dec. Prod.) A low, deciduous, suffruticose shrub, consisting of nume- rous suckers. South of Europe, and the North of Africa. Height 2 ft. to 3 ft. Introduced 1629. Flowers greenish ; May to August. Carpels in the form of a berry, black ; ripe in October, brownish green. Cori&na m^tifblia. Leaves drop oiF of a Found in hedges and waste places, throwing up nume- rous suckers. An ornamental undershrub, chiefly re- niarkable for its myrtle-like leaves, and the handsome frond-like form of its branches. Suckers in any com- mon soil. Other Species of Coriaria. — C. nepalensis Wall, PI. As. Rar. t. 289., and ouv fig. 196., from a specimen gathered in the Hort. Soc. Gardens, a native of Nepal, at heights of from 5000 ft. to 7000 ft., appears to be quite hardy, and of robust growth. C. sarmentosa Forst., from New Zealand, is probably hardy also, but has not yet been introduced. XIX. STAPHYLEAVEiE : STAPHYLe'a. 147 Subclass II. CALYCIFLO'R^. Petals separate, inserted in the Calyx. Order XIX. STAPHYLEATE^. Ord. Char. Sepals 5, connected at the base, coloured, with an imbricated Eestivation. Petals 5, alternate. Stamens 5. Disk large. Ouari/ 2 — 3-ceUed. Fndt membranous or fleshy. — Shrubs, natives chiefly of warm climates. (Lindl.) Leaves compound, opposite, stipulate, deciduous. Flowers terminal. Fruit a bladdery capsule. — The only hardy ligneous plants belonging to this order are contained in the genus Staphylea. Genus I. ^ STAPHYLE^A L. The Staphylea, or Bladder-nut Tree. Lin.Syst- Pentandia Di-Trigynia. Identification. J in. Gen., No. 374. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 2. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 2. Synonymes. Staphylodendron Tourn. ; Staphilier, faux Pistachier, Fr. ; Pimpernuss, Ger. : Sta- filea,Aai. Derivation. Abridged from Staphylodendron, its name before the days of Liiinxus, derived from staphule, a bunch or cluster, and dendron, a tree ; the flowers and fruits being disposed in clusters, and the plant being ligneous. Gen. Char. Calyx of 5 coloured sepals, connected at the base, in asstiva^ tion imbricate. Petals 5, in aestivation imbricate. Stamens 5, perigynous, alternate with the petals, and opposite the sepals. A large urceolate disk, or nectary, within the corolla. Ovarium 2- or 3-celled, superior. Fruit membraneous. Seeds with a bony testa, and a large truncate hilum. (Lindl.) Leaves compound, opposite, stipulate, deciduous ; pinnate, with both com- mon and partial stipules. Flowers in terminal stalked racemes. — - Two hardy species, low trees or shrubs ; natives of Europe and North America, of easy culture in any common soil, and propagated by seeds, which ought to be sown as soon as they are ripe, or by cuttings. s 2 1. S. TRIFO^LIA L. The three-leaved Staphylea, or Bladder-nut Tree. Identification. Lin. Sp., 386. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 2. ; Don's Mill., a p. 2. j Tor. and Gray, 1. p. 266. Synonymes, Staphilier & Feuilles temees, Fr. ; Virginische Pimpernuss, Ger. Engravings. Schmidt Baum., t. 81. ; oar fig. 197. in flower, and.^g. 198. in fruit. Spec. Char., Sfc. The leaf of 3 leaflets, which are ovate, acuminate, regularly sawed, and, when young, pubescent ; the style smooth ; the capsule bladdery. (^Dec. Prod.) A deciduous shrub or low tree. Canada to South Carolina, and west to Arkansas, in moist places. Height 6 ft. to 12 ft. Introduced in IGiO. Flowers whitish; May and June. Nuts globose, in a bladdery capsule, white; ripe in October. Decaying leaves greenish yellow. Branches slender, smooth, and dotted. Petioles pubescent above. Partial stipules mostly none. Petals obovate-spatulate, ciliate at thebase. Stamens rather exserted ; 197. s.trifii». filaments hairy below ; anthers "ids. s.ttrr,ii.. cordate; the lobes somewhat united at the tip. Capsule 2 in. long; the carpels (sometimes 4) distinct at the summit, tipped with the persistent styles, and opening by the inner suture; seeds smooth and poHshed, all but one often abortive. (Torrey and Gray.) When not trained to a single stem, this shrub throws out abundance of shoots resembling suckers from the collar ; but, if L 2 148 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICCJM. these be removed as they are produced, it will form a very handsome low tree. Seeds, suckers, lajers, or cuttings, in any common soil, kept moist. The largest plants of this species, in the neighbourhood of London, are at Syon. St It 2. S. pinnaVa L. The p'mnated-leaved Staphylea, or Bladder-nut Tree. Identification. Lin. Sp., 386. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 3. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 3. Syrumymes. Staphylodfodron pinnatum iiajf ; Staphilier i Feuilles ailees, Fr. ; gemeine Pimper- nuss, Ger. \ Lacrime di Giobbe, or Pistacchio falso, Ital. ; Job's Tears. Engravings. Eng. Bot., t. 1660. ; Hayne Abbild., t. 36. ; and our.;%. 199. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves pinnate, of 5 — 7 oblong, perfectly glabrous, serrate leaflets ; the flower.s in racemes ; the capsules membranous and bladdery. (i)ec. Prod.) Shrub or low tree. South of Europe, and ? England in hedges. Height 6ft. to 12ft. Flowers whitish; May and June. Nuts globose white, in a bladdery capsule ; ripe in October. Decaying leaves yellowish green. Naked young wood greenish, with green buds. A smooth branching shrub, throwing up many side suckers, in gardens often from 6 ft. to 12 ft. High, and exhibiting a much more luxuriant growth than the preceding species. The nuts, in some parts of Europe, are strung for beads by the Roman Catholics. The kernels taste like those of the pistacia, and are eaten in Germany by children. The flowers contain a great deal of honey, and are very attractive to bees. In the London nurseries, the plant is generally cultivated by side suckers, by cuttings put in during the month of September, or by seeds, which are ripened in abundance. The seeds ought to be sown as soon as they are ripe ; be- cause, as they contain an oil, they very soon become rancid. They will come up the following June, with two large, lance- shaped, seminal leaves j though sometimes they do not come up for two years. Staphylfea pinniita. Order XX. .CELASTRA^CE^. Obd. Char. Sepals 4 — 6 : aestivation imbricate. Petals 4—6. Stameiis 4—6, alternate with the petals, opposite the sepals, indistinctly perigynous! Ovary superior, free, girded with a fleshy disk, with 2 —4 cells. Ovules erect, rarely pendulous. Fruit capsular, baccate, drupaceous, or samarideous. Seeds, in most, attended with an aril. (Lindl.) Leaves simple, alternate or opposite, generally stipulate, deciduous, or evergreen. Flowers whitish or greenish, in axillary cymes. Shrubs or low trees, generally deciduous ; natives of both hemispheres. The species are chiefly remark&ble for the form and colours of their fruits ; their flowers being neither large nor showy, nor tlieir properties valuable in medicine, or general economy. All the species are readily increased by layers, by cuttings struck in sand, or by seeds in any common soil. The genera containing hardy species are .Buonymus, Celastrus, and Nemopanthes, which are thus contradistinguished : — Evo'uVMVs ' Tourn. Sexes mostly hermaphrodite. Fruit a dehiscent capsule, of 3 — 5 cells. Seed with an aril. Leaves mostly opposite. Cbla'strus L. Sexes mostly hermaphrodite. Fruit a dehiscent capsule of 2 — 3-cells. Seed with an aril. Leaves alternate. Nemopa'nthes Rafln. Sexes polygamous or dioecious." Fruit an indehiscent bei'ry XX. CELASTRA^CE^ : £U0'NYMUS. 149 Genus I. %\ EUO'NYMUS Toum. The Euonymus, or Spindle Tree. Lin. Syst, Tetra-Hex-andria Monogynia. Identification. Toum. Inst, t. 388. ; Lin. Gen., 271. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 3. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 3. Sffnonymes. Fusaia, Bonnet de Fretre, or Bois ^ Lardoire, Fr. ; Spindelbaum, Ger. ; Evonimo, Ital. Derivation. The word £uunymus is formed from the Greek, and signifies of good repute. The French word Fusain means a spindle, alluding to the use of the wood for making spindles. /Bonnet de Pretre alludes to the form of the capsules, which, when opened, bear some resemblance to a priest's cap ; and it is called Bois k Lardoire from the use made of the wood for skewers or larding pins. The German name is literally spindle tree. Gen. Char. Calyx 4 — 5-lobed, flat, covered by the peltate disk at the base. Petals ^r—%, spreading, inserted in the disk. Stamens 4 — 6, inserted above the disk in rather prominent glands. Capsule 3 — 3-celled, 3 — 5-angled. Seeds 1 — i in each cell, and wrapped in pulp or aril. {Don's Mill.) Leaves simple, opposite, serrate. Stipules mostly none. Peduncles axil- lary, 1 — many-flowered. Inflorescence cymose. — Deciduous shrubs or low trees ; sometimes trailing, or climbing by rootlets. 2 a I. E. EUBOPiE^us L. The European Euonymus, or Spindle Tree. Identification. Lin. Sp., 286. ; Dec Prod., 2. p. 4. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 3. Synonymes. E. vulgaris Mili. Diet. ; Prick-timber Gerard ; Louse Berry, Dogwood, Gatteridgo 'free ; Fusain d'Europe, Fr.-j Bonnet de Pretre commun, Fr. ; gemeine Spindelbaum, Ger. \ Be- rette di Prete, Ital. Derivation. The English name Prick-timber, or Prick-wood, alludes to the employment of the wood in making toothpicks and skewers, which were formerly called pricks ; and it is called Dogwood, because the wood of C<)rnus sangnlnea and that of the £u6uymus europs'us are used indiscrimi- nately for the same purposes, both being called Gatteridge Tree ; the meaning of which we do not know. It is called Louse-wood, because the powdered leaves were formerly put on the heads of children to chase away lice. Engravings. Smith's Eng. Bot., t. 362. ; the plate of the tree ia Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. v ; and our,^. 200. 200. EuinjroTis eaFop£e%B. Spec. Char.,Sfc. Branches smooth. Leaves lanceolate-ovate, very finely sawed. Flowers about 3 upon one peduncle ; the petals oblong, rather acute. Lobes of the capsule obtuse. {Dec. Prod.') A deciduous shrub, or low tree. Europe and Britain, in hedges and copse woods. Height 6 ft. to J 2 ft. Flowers greenish white ; May. Fruit scarlet, produced in great abundance, L 3 150 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. and very showy ; ripe in September. Decaying leaves reddish. Naked young wood green or reddish green. Varieties. ^ * E. e. 2 latifilius Lodd. Cat. has rather broader leaves than the species, i ^ E. e. 3 foliis vai-iegdiis Lodd. Cat. has variegated leaves, but never looks healthy. S JUL E. e. ifructu dlbo Lodd. Cat. has white capsules, jt E. e. 5 nanus Lodd. Cat. is a dwarf-growing plant. Nos. 2. and 4. of these varieties are, in our opinion, alone worth culti- vating. Roots numerous and whitish, forming a dense mass of network, and not extending to a great distance from the stem. The branches are numerous and opposite ; and the wood hard and fine-grained. The leaves and bark are acrid, poisonous, and fetid when bruised. The capsules are of a fine rose colour, except in the white-capsuled varietj-, and the seeds are each invested with an aril of a fine orange colour. In a state of cultivation the tree attains the height of 30 ft. or upwards, and, though almost entirely neg- lected in pleasure-grounds, it forms a singularly handsome object in autumn, when covered v/ith its ripe fi'uit. Seeds ; in any common soil not over moist. t St 2. ]S. VERRUCo^sus Scop. The v/axted-bar/ced Euonymus, or Spindle Tree. Identification. Scop. Carn., ed. 2. No. 268. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 4, Synonymes. E. europffi'us leprbsus Lin. ; Fusain galeux, ou verruqueux, Fr. ; warziger Spindelbaum, Ger. Engravings. Nouv. Du Ham., 3. t. 8. ; Schmidt Arb., t. 72. ; andour^. 201. Spec. Char., Sfc. Branches warted with prominent lenticular glands. Leaves ovate, slightly ser- rate. Flowers three on a peduncle. Petals ovate. Capsule bluntly 4-cornered. {Dec. Prod.) A deciduous shrub or low tree. Austria, Hungary, and Carniola. Height 6 ft. to 12 ft. Introduced in 1763. Flowers purplish brown ; May and June. Fruit> reddish purple ; ripe in September. Decaying leaves reddish green. Naked young wood green, with brown and white spots. A shrub of somewhat fastigiate habit of growth, with rough warty branches. This species is culti- vated in collections chiefly for the singularity of its appearance, being among spindle trees what the warted ash is among ash trees. It ripens seeds, and is readily increased by cuttings. Don'sMill., 2. p. 4. 201. Eudnymus Terrucosiis. t Sk 3. E. LATiFO^Lius C. Bauh. The broad-leaved Euonymus, or Spindle Tree. Identification. C. Bauh. Pin., 428. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 4. : Don's Mill., 2. p. 4. Synonymes. E. europ£E^U8 var. 2. Lin. ; Pusain £i larges Feuilles, Fr. ; breitblattriger Spindelbaum, 'Ger. Engravings. Jacq. Fl. Austr., t. 289. ; Bot. Mag., 2384. ; the plate of the species in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. v.; and our J?g. 202. Spec. Char., ^c. Branches smooth.. Leaves broad-ovate, toothleted. Pe- duncles trichotomous, many-flowered. Petals oval, obtuse. Lobes of capsule acutely aiigled, wing-formed. (Don's Mill.) A deciduous shrub or low tree. South of France to Tauria, in groves. Height 10 ft. to 20 ft. Introduced in 1730. Flowers white, becoming purplish; June and July. Fruit deep red, and very showy ; ripe in September. Decaying leaves purplish red. Naked young wood reddish green, with long pointed green buds, tinged with red. In British gardens, this forms much the handsomest species of the genus. XX. CELASTRA^CE^ : £Uo'nYMUS. 151 £04. Eudnymos latlf&UuB. from its broad shining leaves, and its large red pendulous fruits, with orange- coloured seeds, which, when the capsules open, are suspended from the c6lls somewhat in the manner that the seeds of the magnolias hang from their strobiles. Even the wood of this species, during winter, is much handsomer than that of any other, the branches being regularly divaricate, with a clean bark, of a reddish green, and with long pointed dark brown buds ; by which alone this species .may be distinguished from all the others. Unfortunately for this species, it is generally treated as a shrub, and crowded among other shrubs or trees ; so that it is never allowed a chance of attaining either its full size or its proper shape. -a 4; E. naVus Bieb. The dwarf Euonymus, or Spindle Tree. IderUificeUion. C. Bieb. Fl. Taur. Suppl., p. 160 ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 4. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 4. SijTuynyme. JE. caucasicmn Lddd. E-ngraviTig. Oar Jig. 203, from Messrs. Loddiges's plant. Spec. Char., S^c. Branches smooth, somewhat herbaceous. Leaves lanceolate, entire, nearly opposite. Flowers 4-cleft, from 1 to 3 on a peduncle, {liec. Prod.) A trailing undershrub, with the aspect of the widow wail (Cneorum tricoccum). Northern Cau- casus. Height I ft. Intro- duced in 1830. Flowers greenish white ; July and Au- ^ gust. Fruit ? ; ripe ?. Shoots *" slender, recumbent, and with the leaves of a deep green. '""■ ■^■'■■'■»»»»»"-- A very neat little plant, apparently quite hardy, and well adapted for rock- work. ¥ a 5. JS. atropurpu'reus Jacg. The dark-purple^oji>«'ed Euonymus, or Spindle Tree. Identification. Jacq. Hort. Vind., 2. j Dec. Prod., 2. p. 4. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 5. ; Tor. and Gray, 1. p. 257. Syncmymes. E. caroliniensis Marsh. Arb. Amer. No. 1. ; and, probably, E. l^tifblius Marsh. Arb. Amer. No. 2. ; Burning Bush, Amer. ETtgravings, Jacq. Hort. Vind., 2. t. 120. i Schmidt Arb., t. 7.3. ; and ouijig. 204. Spec. Char., ^c. Branches smooth. Leaves stalked, lanceolate, seriated. L 4 152 ARBORETUM ET ERUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. Flowers many upon a peduncle ; the peduncle compressed. Petals orbiculate. Capsules angiilately furrowed, smooth.- {Dec. Prod.) A shrub or low tree. Canada to Florida. Height 4 ft. to 12 ft. Introduced in 17.56. Flowers dark purple ; June and July. Capsule crimson. Seeds white, with a red aril ; ripe in October. Decaying leaves purplish red. Naked young wood purplish green Branches slightly 4-sided. Leaves 2 in. to 5 in. long. Parts of the flower usually in fours ; petals roundish obovate. Capsules smooth, deeply lobed. This and the other American species of iTuonymus are rarely found in a thriving state in Britain : as it appears to us, from not being planted in moist shady situations, and in peat or sandy soil. * « &. E. AMERICA^NUS L. The American Euonymus, or Spindle Tree. Identification. Lin. Sp., 286. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 4. ; Don's Mill., 2. p.5. ; Tor. and Gray, 1. p. 258 Synonymes. E. sempervlrens Marsh. ; E. altemifolius Mixnch ; the Burning Bush, Strawberry Xrtse AfitST. Engravings. Nouv. Du Ham., 3. t.9.; Schmidt Arb. t. 75. ; our^^. 205., representing the plantin flower; mi jig. 206., representing it in seed, with the warty capsule. Siiec. Char., ^■c. Branches smooth. Leaves almost sessile, elliptic-lanceolate, sawed. Flowers 1 to 3 on a peduncle. Petals sub-orbiculate. Capsule echinately warty. (Dec. Prod.} A sub-evergreen recumbent shrub. Canada to Florida, among rocks, and in moist woodlands. Height 2 ft. to 6 ft. In- troduced in 1686. Flowers greenish yellow, tinged with purple; May and June. Capsule deep crimson. Seeds white, with a scarlet aHl ; ripe in October. Decaying leaves and naked shoots green. 204 . Ihidnymus atropurptireus. 205. £u(5nj-mus americ&nuB 20'^ £u6iiymus americ&nus. l''arieties. Sfc « E. a. 2 angustifolius. Var. /3 Tor. Sf Gray. (Our Jig. 207.) -^ Leaves narrowly elliptical or oblong, slightly falcate, the margin minutely serrated. Pos- sibly the E. angustifolius of Pursh, which Torrey and Gray had only seen in a herbarium. Si j» B- E. a. 3 sarmenlosus Nutt. Var. y Tor. S; Gray. — Shoots trailing and often rooting ; leaves ovate-lan- ceolate. fit J* B- E. o. 4 obovaius Nutt. Var. S Tor, & Gray; E. obcvatus Dec. Prod. 2. p. 4., Don's Mill. 2. p. 5. ( Our^g. 208.) — Trailing and rooting; leaves obovate, or oval-obovate, obtuse or slightly acuminate, acute at the XX. CELASTRA^CE^ : £UO'nyMUS. 153 Erect. Leaves oval or elliptical lanceolate, the uppermost often slightly fal- cate, mostly acuminate, acute or obtuse (rarely subcordate) at the base. ( Tor. and Gray, var. o.) Branches slender, .green. Leaves 1 in. to 2 in. long, cori- aceous, nearly evergreen in the southern states. Seeds smaller than in E. atropurpiireus. The scarlet fruits, according to Pursh, resemble, at a dis- tance, those of .4'rbutiis t/^nedo. They form a great ornament, he says, to this almost evergreen shrub, and have given rise, in America, to its common name, the burning bush. Of easy culture in moist soil, and a shady situation. Cuttings or seeds. 1 ^ 1. E. Hamilton/^i^ITOS Wall. Hamilton's Euonyrtus, or Spindle Tree. Identification. Wall Fl. Ind., a p. 403. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 4. Synonyme. E. atropurpOreus Wall. Fl. Ind. 2. p. 402. Engraving. Oxxrjig. 209., from a vigorous plant in the Ilort. Soc. Garden. Spec. Char., S^c. Branches smooth, terete. Leaves lanceolate, finely serrated. Peduncles dichotomous, 6-flowered. Flowers tetrandrous. Petals 4, lanceolate cordate. Ovary 4-lobed, 4-celled, each cell con- taining 2 ovules. (Don's Mill.) A low tree or shrub. Nepal. Height 10 ft. to 20 ft. Introduced in 1825. Flowers yellowish green; June and J uly. Fruit ? purple ; ripe in ? October. Decaying leaves and naked young wood green. A free-growing^ species, with an erect stem ; the young shoots green ; the leaves large ; bark of the older shoots white. Left to itself, as a standard, it forms a dense fastigiate bush, with numerous suckers; but, trained to a single stem, it would doubtless form a handsome small tree. A plant agamst the wall, in the Horticultural Society's Garden, flowers freely every year ; but has not yet ripened, fruit. The plant in sog. suonjmus Hamatonuma. the open garden was killed to the ground by the winter of 1837-8, but sprang up again with vigour. In the Liverpool Botanic Garden it was not injured. Other Species of 'Euont/vms. — 'E.japonicus Thunh. four jffg. 210.), and 'E. japdnicus /oliis variegdtis, E. gTzmniaefdlius Roxb., and some other species, are in London gardens ; but they can only be considered as half-hardy. In the Canter- bury Nursery, E. j. foliis variegatis has been found hardier than the species. In the Horticultural Society's Garden, E. japonicus, trained against a wall, was but httle injured by the winter of 1837-8. The following species, shortly de- scribed in our first edition, Mr. Don considers as likely to prove " truly hardy ;" some of them are introduced, and are in green-houses : E. grossus Wall., E. micranthus D. Don, E. liicidus D. Don, E. echinatus Wall., E. tingens Wall., E. glaber Roxb., E. fimbriatus Wall., E. indicus Heyne, E. vagans Wall., E. subtrifldrus Blume, E. ThunbergidniW' Blume, E. pendulus Wall., and E. frigidus Wall, 210. ^.japdnicufi. 154 AUBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. Genus II. CTELA'STRUS L. The Celastrus, or Staff Tree. Lin. Syst. Pentandria Monogynia. Identification. Lin. Gen., 270. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 5. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 6. Synonymes. Euonymoldes Moench ; C^lastre, Fr. ; Celaster, Ger. Derivation. From kelas, the latter season : the fruit remaining on the tree all the winter. The kelastros of the Greeks is supposed to be the £u6nymu3. Gen. Char. Calyx small, 5-iobed. Petah 5, unguiculate. Ovary small, im- mersed in a 10-striped disk. Stigmas 2 — 3. Capsule 2 — 3 valved. Seed 1, in a large fleshy aril. (Don's Mill.) Leaves simple, alternate, stipulate, deciduous ; stipules minute. — One hardy species ; a climbing shrub, a native of North America. ± 1. C. sca'ndens L. The cliiahmg-stemmed Celastrus, or Staff Tree. Identification. Lin. Sp., 286. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 6. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 6. ; Tor. and Gray, 1. p. 2.57. Synonymes. Bourreau des Arbres, Fr. ; Baummdrder, Ger. ; Bittersweet, Waxwork, Amer. Engravings, Nouv. Du Ham., 1. t. g.'j. ; and OMTjig. 211. Spec. Char., Spc. Thornless, climbing, smooth. Leaves oval, acuminate serrate. Flowers dioecious. (Dec. Prod.) A deciduous twining shrub. Canada to Virginia. Height 5, ft. to 20 ft. Introduced in 1736. Flowers small, pale yellowish green ; June. Capsules orange ; ripe in September. Seed reddish brown, coated with a bright orange aril, changing at last to scarlet. The stems are woody and flexible, and twist themselves round trees and shrubs, or round each other, to the height of 12 or 15 feet, or upwards, girding trees so closely as, in a few years, to de- stroy them ; whence the French and German names, which signify " tree strangler." The leaves are about Sin. long, and nearly 2 in. broad, serrated, of a lively green above, but paler on the under side. The plant prefers a strong loamy soil, rather moist than dry; and is readily propagated by seeds, layers, or cuttings. 2,1. m^.o™, sc^ndens^ Other Species of Celastrus. — C bulldtus, described from a figure of Plukenet, is, according to Torrey and Gray, a doubtful plant. C. nepalensis and C. pyra- canthijolius are in Messrs. Loddiges's collection, but rather tender. Genus III. LJtJ NEMOPA'NTHES Rafin. The Nemopanthes. Lm. Syst. Polygamia Dice'cia. Zdmtification. Rafin. Journ. Phys., 1819, p. 96. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 17. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 13. Synonyme. llicioldes Dum. Cours. 1. vol. 4. p. 27. Derivation. From nemos, a grove, and anthos, a flower ; it being generally found in groves. Gen. Char. Calyx small, scarcely conspicuous. Petals 5, distinct, oblong, linear, deciduous. Stamens 5, alternating with the petals. Ovary hemi- spherical, covered with clammy juice. Style wanting. Stigmas 3—4, ses- sile ; in the male flowers hardly manifest. Berry globose, 3 — 1-celled. (Don's Mill.) Leaves simple, alternate, ovate, exstipulate, deciduous ; quite entire. — One hardy species. XX. CELASTRA^CEjE. XXI. ylQUIFOLIA^CEjE. 155 m 1. N. canaue'nsis Dec. The Canadian Nemopanthes. Identijication. Dec. Mem. Soc. Gen., 1, p. 44.; PI. Rar. Hort. Gen. t. 3. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 13. Synonyines. /'lex canadensis Micbx. Flor. Bar. Amer. 2, p. 299. ; N. fascicuUris Ritfin. ; /'lex delicatula Bart. FL Vir. p. 67. ; ? Prlnos ICl- cidus Ait. Hort. Ketp. 2. p. 478. ; Houx du Canade, Fr. Engravings. Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer. 2. t. 49., as /'lex canadensis ; and oi;l.,%. 3l2. Spec. Char., ^c. Leaves ovate, quite entire, or serrated at the apex, smooth Pedicels usually solitary, 1 -flowered, very long. Flowers white. Berries large, beautiful crimson, very ornamental. (Don's Mill.) A deciduous shrub. Canada to Carolina, on mountains. Height 3 ft. to 5 ft. Introduced in 1802. Flowers small, white ; April and May. Berry large, beautiful crimson ; ripe in October. Very ornamental. Plants of this species in the Hort. Soc. Garden, and at Messrs. Loddiges's, under the name of Prinos lijcidus, form neat fastigiate shrubs, rather of slow growth. A few years ago there were some very handsome plants of this species at White Knights. Suckers or layers in loamy soil ; or cuttings of the young wood in sand under a glass. Other Species of Celastrdcew. — Maytenus chilensis Dec. (our fig. 213.), a handsome evergreen branchy shrub, ■with twiggy branchlets. The flowers are in axillary clus- ters, with the corolla of a yellowish green colour, not showy. It is a native of Chile, and stood eight or ten winters against a south wall in the Hort. Soc. Garden, and was thought to be tolerably hardy, but was kilted to the ground in the winter of 1837-8, and did not spring up again. It also stood several winters in the open garden, as a standard, and promised to be a valuable addition to our hardy evergreen shrubs, which it may possibly yet prove. N. canadensis. 213. M&yteniu cbil^nsu. Order XXI. JQUIFOLIA'CE^. i^'i^'f-CeSlnS, wKq'uifollSce.. in part. Dec. Proi. 2. p. II. ; /Uclne^e, in part, Unit. Inlrod. to N. S. p. 178., Don's MiU. 2. p. H. Obd Cbab Calyx and corolUt with an imbricate aestivation. Sepals 4 — 6. Corolla hTOOgynous, with 4f— 6 lobes, and as many stamens inserted into it alternately to its lobes. Ovary 2— 6-celled ; a pendulous ovule m each cell Fruit fleshy, indehiscent, with 2—6 stones, each containmg a pendu- lous seed, which has large fleshy albumen. (Lindl.)—hov/ trees or shrubs, chiefly evergreen. Natives of Europe and North America. Leaves simple, alternate or opposite, exstipulate, evergreen or deciduous; coriaceous. Flowers small, axillary, solitary or fascicled. —The genera containing hardy species are three, and are thus contradistmgmshed : — Mygi'nd^ Jacq. Sexes hermaphrodite. Stamens 4. Fruit 1-celled, 1-seeded. Shrubs with square branchlets ; leaves opposite, subcoriaceous, and flowers upon trifidly or trichotomously branched peduncles. Plex L. Sexes hermaphrodite, dicECious, or polygamous. Stamens 4—5. Fruit including 4 or 5 nuts. Evergreen shrubs with, mostly, coriaceous leaves. Flowers many on a peduncle. „ c ■. ■ Pri'nos L. Sexes mostly dicecious or polygamous. Stamens 6. truit in- cluding 6 nuts. Shrubs with leaves deciduous or persistent, and flowers 1 upon a peduncle. 156 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. Genus I. □ MYGI'ND^ Jacq. The Myginda. Identification. Jacq. Amer., p. 24. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 12. , Syjutnymes, I lex Pursh ; Oreipbila Nutt. in Tor. and Gray. Derivation. ~ ...... Lin. Syst. Tetrandria Monog/uiB. Don's Mill., 2. p. 15. .'ray. So named by Jacquin in honour of Francis von Mygind, s. German botanist. Gen. Char. Calyx small, 4-cleft. Corolla deeply ^-cleft, subiotate. Stamens 4, alternating with the segments of the corolla, and shorter than them, and inserted in its throat. Ovary roundish. Stigmas 4. Drupe ovate, 1-celled. {Don's Mill.) Leaoes simple, mostly opposite, exstipulate, evergreen ; entire or remotely serrulated. Flowers axillary, subsolitary, minute. — One species is hardy. JK 1. M. MYRTiFoYiA Xutt. The Myrtle-leaved Myginda. Identfficalion. Nutt. Gen., 1. p. 109. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. l-'i. j Dec. Prod., 2. p. 13. S*jnonymes. r\eyi MjT&mltes Pursh -^ Ore6philamyrtiiblU JWa« Jingravings. Hook Fl, Bor. Amer., t. 41. ; and omv fig. 21- Sj>ec. Char., Sfc. Leaves oblong, blunt, serrated, smooth, with revolute edges. Peduncles very shqrt asually soli- tary, 1 -flowered. Style short, club-shaped 4-lobed at the apex. {Don's Mill.) A low evergreen shrub. N. W. coast of North America, and the Rocky Mountains. Height 2 ft. to 4 ft. Introduced in 1818. Flowers small, white; May to August. Drupe dark purple ; ripe in Oct. Plants of this species are in the arboretum of Messrs. Loddiges ; where it is increased by cuttings, and grows in common soil. 214. M. m>rtif;.lia. Genus IL ■n PLEX L. The Holly. lAn, Si/st Tetrandria Tetragynia. IdentiflcatioH. Lio. Gen., No. 172. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 13. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 16. Synonymes. viqulfblium Tourn. Inst. t. 371., Gesj-t. Fruct. 2. t. 92. ; Houx, Fr. : Stechpalme, or He^lse, Ger. : Ilice, Ital. Derivation, l heophrastus, and other Greek authors, named the holly Agria; that is wild or of the fields ; and the Romans formed from this the word Agrifolium ; and called it, 'also *Aqui- folium, from acutzmi, sharp, and folium, a leaf. C. Bauhin and Loureiro first named it /'lex on acQOur\t of the resemblance of its leaves to those of the Qu§rcus J^lex, the true Ilex of Virgil. Linnaeus adopted the name of I'lex for the genus, and preserved the name of j4quif51ium foi the most anciently known species. The name of Holly is, probably, a corruption of the word holy as Turner in his Herbal calls it Holy, and Holy Tree ; probably from its being used, to comme- morate^he holy time of Christmas, not only in houses, but in churches. The German name Christdom, the Danish name Christom, and the Swedish name Christtorn, seem to justify this ttonjecture. Gecomes impenetrable even to birds, who cannot build their nests in it. The wood is almost as white as ivory, except in the centre of very old trupks, where it is somewhat brown. It is very hard, with a fine grain, suscefiible of a high degree of polish, and is readily stained with black, green, blue, or red. It weighs, when dry, at the rate of 47 lb. 7 oz. per cubic foot. The veins of .the wood, and its annual layers, are so small as scarcely to be perceptible. It is applied to a great many purposes, in joinery, cabinet-making, and turnery; in engineering, in mathematical-instrument-making; and it is even used for wood-engraving. The bark alFords birdlime, which is prepared by boiling and evaporation. Thebolly attains the largest size in a: rich sandy loam ; but it will grow, and even thrive, on almost any soil, provided it is not overcharged with moisture. As its seeds, like those of the hawthorn, do not come up the first year, to save ground and the expense of weeding, the ber- ries are commonly buried in the soil, or kept mixed up in a heap of earth for one year ; after which, if sown in autumn, they will come up the following June. The varieties are propagated by budding and grafting. These ope- rations are performed at the usual times, and in the usual manner ; but it has been observed by Tschoudi, that cleft-grafting does not succeed nearly so well with the holly as whip-grafting or budding. In England, the stocks budded or grafted on are generally of four or five years' growth ; and the grafting is effected in March, and the budding in July. The variegated kinds are also propagated by cuttings, which are made in autumn, of the ripened summer shoots. They are planted in sandy soil, in a shady border, and covered with hand-glasses ; and they generally put forth roots the following spring. Holly hedges should never be clipped, because, when the leaves are cut through the middle, they are rendered unsightly ; and the shoots should therefore be cut with a knife close to a leaf. The proper season for cutting would appear to be just after the leaves have attained maturity ; because at that season, in the holly, as in the box, the wound is comparatively soon obliterated by the healing over produced by the still abundant sap. t 2. I. (A.) balea'rica Uesf. The Minorca Holly. Idenlificalion. Desf. Arh., 2. p. 262. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 17. Synonymes. I. ./jquifblium yar. h Lam. Did, 3. p. 145. ; /. made- rensis Willd. Enum. Suppl. 8. according to Link. Engraving. Our fig. 223. Spec. Char., 8;c. Leaves ovate, acute, flat, shining, entire or spiny-toothed. Umbels axillary, few- flowered, short. (Dmi's Mill.) An evergreen low tree. Minorca and Madeira. Height 10 ft. to 20 ft. in England ; in Madeira 60 ft. to 80 ft. Introduced in 1744. Flowers white; May and June. Drupe scarlet ; ripe in December. Decaying leaves yellow, dropping in June and July. A very distinct variety of the common hoUj', readily distinguished at sight, by its yellowish green leaves, which are sharply acuminated, but very slightly waved at the edges, and with few prickles. It is propagated by ms- '• (^o baiei.;ca. budding or grafting on the common holly. 5 3. /. OPA^CA Ait. The opaque-Z^awrf, or American, Holly. Identification. Ait. Hort. Kew, 1. p. 177. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 14. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 17. Synonymes. .^grifblium vulgare Clayt. Flor. Virgin. ; J'lex ^quifWium prono'v. and Walt. Fl. Car. 241. ; dunkelblattrige Steciil)alme, Ger. j Agrifolio a Foglie t^j Querela, Ital. Engravings. The plate of the species in Arb. Brit., Ist edit,, vol. v. ; and our fig. 224 Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves ovate, flat, coriaceous, acute, toothed in a scalloped manner, spiny, and glabrous, but npt glossy. Flowers scattered, at the base of only those branches that are a year old. Teeth of the calyx acute. Sexes diiEcious. {Dec. Prod.) A beautiful evergreen low tree. Canada XXI. ^QUIFOLIA^CEiE : Z^LEX. 161 to Carolina. Height in England 10 ft. to 20 ft. ; in Carolina 60 ft. to 80 ft In^oducedin 1744. Flowers white ; May and June. Drupe scarlet • ripe in Decemoer, remaining on the trees all the winter. ' i I. u. 2Uixifldra, I. laxiflora Lam., I. op&ca var. JVwft., has the flowers on loosely branched peduncles, and the drupe yellow. Introduced m 1 8 1 1 . heveral other varieties are mentioned by Rafinesque In America, this species b applied to all the uses which the common holly is in Europe. It forms hedges ; is an ornamental tree or shrub in gardens; is employed for making birdlime; and the wood is used in turnery and cabinetmaking. Propagation as in the common holly. Tlex magelldnica {fig. 225.), of which there is a small plant in the Hort. Soc. Garden, promises to be a very handsome species, and tolerably hardy, as it stood the winter of 1837-8 against a wall. B. 2'^^. /. niagell&iiicfi. Leaves toothed, serrated, or crenatc, but not spiny. a i. I. Perado Ait. The Perado Holly. Identification. Ait. Hort. Kew., 1. p. 169. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 17. Syjionyme. I. maderensis I.am. Diet. 3. p. 146. Engravings. N. Du Ham., v. t. 35. ; Bot Cab., t. 649., ; and our fig. 226. Spec. Char., ^c. Leaves ovate, with an entire acumen, or having very few teeth, shining. Umbels short, ax- illary, few-flowered. {Don's Mill.) An evergreen shrub. Madeira. Height in England 5 ft. to 10 ft. Introduced in 1760. Flowers white or reddish ; May and June. Drupe large, red ; ripe in October. Commonly treated as a green-house plant, but quite hardy in the Hort. Soc. Garden ; where, and also in se- veral other places, it stood the winter of 1837-8, without any protection, uninjured. CASsttiE Ait. The Cassine-Zi/ce, or broad-leaved Dahoon, Holly. Kew., 1. p. 170. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 14. ; Pursh Fl. Am. Sep. 1. p. 117. ; /. Identification. Ait. Hort. Synonymes. '^quifBlium carolin^nse Catesb. Car. 1. 1. 31. ; /. caroliniana MtU. Diet. No. 3 cassiiioiiei Link Enmn. 1. p. 148. ; the Cassena of the American Indians, K^fin. Engravings. Catesb. Car., 1. 1. 31. ; and our fig. 227. M 162 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, sharply serrated, flat ; the midribs, petioles, and branch- lets glabrous. The flowers upon lateral corym- bosely branched peduncles. (Dec. Prod.) An evergreen shrub. Lower Carolina to Florida, in shady swamps. Height 6 ft. to 10ft. Intro- ' duced in 1700. Flowers white ; August. Drupe red ; ripe in December. The fruit is rather smaller than that of the com- mon holly ; it continues on the trees the most part of the winter, untouched by birds ; and, being of a bright red, and lai'ge in proportion to the leaves, which are about the size of those of the common arbutus, the plant makes a fine appearance, both in its native country and in England. Commonly pro- pagated by seeds ; but it will also strike by cuttings, or it may be grafted on the common holly. r*tex Caisiru. 6. /. angustifo'lia Willd. The narrow-leaved Holly, p. 172. ; Dec. Prod., z. p. 14. ; and LoJd. 1. 228. /. angustiBlJa. Idcniificaiion. Willd. Enum Don's Mill., 2. p. 17. Synonymes. I.inyct\ib\\a.WaU. CaroLUX., N. Duh Cat, ; /. rosmarinifblia Lam. III. 1. p. 356. Engravings. N. Du Ham., 1. t. 4. ; and oar fig. 228. Spec. Char., ^c. Leaves linear-lanceolate, sawed at the tip, rather revolute in the margin ; the mid- rib, petiole, and branchlets glabrous. Flowers in stalked lateral cymes. (Dec. Prod.) An evergreen shrub. Height 6 ft. to 10 ft. Virginia to Geor- gia, in swamps. Introduced in 1806. Flowers white ; June. Drupe globular and red j ripe in December. A very handsome species, but not very common. There are plants of it at Messrs. Loddiges, and in the H. S. Garden, under the name of /. niyrtif61ia. i 7. /. VOMITO^RIA Ait. The emetic Holly, or South Sea 7'ea. Identification. Ait. Hort. Kew., 1. p. 278. i Dec. Prod., 2. p. 14. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 17. Synmiymes. I. Cassine vdra Walt. Carol. 241. ; 7. iigdstrina Jacq. Coll. 4. p. 105., Icon. Bar. t.31(l., Wcndl. Hort. t. 31. \ Cass\ne Perigua Mill. Icon. t. 83. f 2. i /. Cassina Michx. Fl. 1. p. 229. ; /. religibsa Bart. Fl. Virg. 69. ; /. florid^na Lam. III. No. 1731. ; Houx apalachine, Fr. ; true Cassene, Cassena, Florida ; the Yapon, Virginia ; the evergreen Cassena, or Cassioberry Bush, Eng. Engravings. Jacq. Icon. Rar., t. 310. ; Wendl. Hort., t. 31. j Mill. Icon., t. 83. f. 2. ; andour^. 229. Spec. Char,, S[C, Leaves oblong or elliptic, obtuse at both ends, crenately serrated, and, with the branchlets, glabrous. Flowers in subsessile lateral umbels. {Dec. Prod.) An evergreen low tree. Carolina to Florida, along the sea coast. Height 10 ft. to 12 ft. Intro- duced in 1700. Flower white ; June and July. Drupe red, like that of the common holly ; ripe in December. Not very common in British collections ; but there are plants of it in Loddiges's arboretum, and in the garden of the Hort. Soc. /Hex vomitdril. C. Leaves quite entire, or nearly so. 1*8./. Dahoo'n Wall. The Dahoon Holly. Identification. Wait, f 1. Carol., 241. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 14. ; Don's Mill., S. o i». Synonyme. I. Cassinc WlUd. Hort. Berol. 1 . t. 31 XXI. ^QUIFOLIA^CEJE : PUI'nOS. 163 Engravings. "Willd. Hort. Berol., t. 51., under the name of /. Cassine j our^. 230. from a plant in Loddiges's arboretum, and j^. 231. from the Hort, Berolin. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves lanceolately elliptical, nearly entire, almost revolute in the margin ; the midrib, petiole, and branchlets villous. Flowers dis- posed in corymbose panicles, that are upon lateral and terminal peduncles. {Dec. Prod.) A beautiful evergreen shrub or low tree. Carolina to Flo- rida, in swamps. Height 8 ft. to 10 ft. Introduced in 1726. Flowers white; May and June. Drupe red ; ripe in December. The leaves of this species are very numerous, and resemble those of Xaurus Borbonja. The plant is rare in British gardens, and seldom ripens 230. riex Dahadn. 231. riPx Dakodiu fruit. It is most commonly kept in green-houses or pits : but there was a plant in 1836 in the open air, in the Mile End Nursery, which was 20 ft. high, with a head 30 ft. in diameter ; and which had stood there many years, with- out the slightest protection. Other Species oflHex are described by authors as natives of North America and Nepal, some of which are introduced, and may probably be found hardy, but we can state nothing with certainty respecting them. In this genus, as in most others containing numerous species which are not in general cultiva- tion, there is a great deal of uncertainty. /. Cassine, I. voniitoria and /. Dahoon are probably the same species. Genus III. PRrNOS L. The Prinos, or WINTER Berry. Lin, Syst. Hexandria Monogynia, or Polygamia DioeVia. . Jicnlification. Lin. Gen., No. 461. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 16. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 20. Synonymes. Agferia Adans. Fam. 2, p. 166.; Apalanche, Fr. -, Wimerbeere, Ger. Derivation. From prinos, the Greek name for the holly, which the present genus much resembles ; or, according to others, from prion, a saw, on account of the serrated leaves of the species. Gen. Char. Flowers 6-cleft, hexandrous ; usually dioecious, or polygamous from abortion. Frvit with 6 nuts. In other re.spects the character is the same as that of Tlex. (Don's Mill.) Leaves simple, axillary, exstipulate, deciduous or evergreen ; oval or lanceolate, entire or serrated ; dying off of a greenish yellow. Flowers on axillary pedicels, usually single, small, mostly white. — Shrubs, ever- green and deciduous ; natives of North America. In habit of growth the species are all more or less fastigiate, and send up numerous suckers from the collar ; but, if these were removed, the plants u 2 164 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. would form neat miniature trees. Propagated by suckers, or by cuttings of the young wood in sand under a glass, or by seeds. Common soil, kept moist. There is a close general resemblance among all the deciduous species, which leads us to doubt whether they are any thing more than varieties. § i. Vrinotdes Dec. Sect. Char. Flowers usually 4 — 5- sometimes 6-c!eft. (Dec. Prod., ii. p. 16.) Leaves deciduous. * ] . P. deoi'dubs Sec. The deciduous Winter Berry. Identification. Dec. Prod., 2. p. 16. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 20. Synonymes. JUex jDrindides Ait. Hart. Kew. 2. p. 278. ; Vies, decidua Walt. Ft. Carol. 241. Engraving. Our Jig. 232. from a plant in the Hort. Soc. Garden. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves deciduous, elliptic-lanceolate, tapered to the petiole, shallowly serrated ; the midrib villous beneath. Peduncles axillary; those of the male flowers several together ; of the female ones, singly. Berries red. (^Dec. Prod.) A deciduous shrub. Vir- ginia to Georgia, on rocky shady banks of rivers. Height 3 ft. to 5 ft. Introduced in 1736. Flowers white ; June and July. Berries large, crimson ; ripe in December. Plants of this species are in Loddiges's nursery, under the name of /Mex /irinoides. ,3j. ^i„^ j,„„„„, * 2. P. ambi'guds Michx. The ambiguous Winter Berry. Identification. Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer., 2. p. 236. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 17. ; Don's Mill., 2, p. 20. Synonyme. Casslne caroliniana Watt. FL Carol, p. 242. Engravings. Wats. Dend. Brit., t. 29. ; and our^. 233. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves deciduous, oval, acuminate at both ends ; both adult ones and young ones glabrous in every part. Peduncles of the male flowers crowded together in the lower parts of the branchlets ; of the female ones singly. (Dec. Prod.) A deciduous shrub. New Jersey to Carolina, in wet sandy woods. Height 4 ft. to 5 ft. Introduced in 1812. Flowers white ; June to August. Berries red ; ripe in November. The leaves are subimbricate, serrated, acute at the apex, and the berries small, round, smooth, and red. There is a hand- some plant of this species in the arboretum of Messrs. Lod- diges, which, in 1835, was 5 ft. high. It is of easy culture in any free soil j and is propagated by seeds, cuttings, or layers. § ii. Ageria Dec. bitjuiis. Leaves deciduous. {Dec. Prod., Sect. Char. Flowers usually 6-cIeft. ii. p. 17.) * 3. P. VEETiciLLA^TUs L, The whorled Winter Berry. Idmtificatim. Lin. Spec, 471. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 17. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 20 Synunymes. P. padif Wins WiV/d. Enajn. p. 394. j P. Gronbvi! Mich/ Fl' Bor Atmip 2 n Mfi ■ P. cooftrtus Mmich ; P. pruniftlius LM. Cat. ^' ' XXI. -rfQUIFOLIA^CE^ : PRI^NOS. 165 Engravines. Wats. Dend. Brit., t. 30.; Duh. Art., 1 . t. 23. ; our j!g. S in flower, and fig. 23.5. from the Hort. Soc. Garden. Spec. Char-i ^^c. Leaves deciduous, oval, nate, serrated, pubescent beneath. Male flowers in axillary umbel-shaped fascicles; the female ones aggregate, the flowers of both sexes 6-parted. (I)ec. Prod.) A de- ciduous shrub. Canada to Virginia, in wet woods. Height 6 ft. to 8 ft. Introduced in 1736. Flowers white ; June to August. Berries red or crimson, turning purple ; ripe in November. There are two handsome plants of this species in Loddiges's arboretum, 7 ft. high, one 154. /"rtaoscerdciiiktus. (jf which Is Under the name of P. /irunifolius. at 4. P. LiiviGA^TUS Pursh. The smooth-leaved Winter Berry. Identification. Pursh Fl Sept. Amer., 1. p. 220. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 17. : Don's Mill., 2. p. 20. Engravings. Wats. Dend. Brit., t. 28. ; and our Jig. 236. Spec. Char., ^c. Leaves deciduous, lanceolate, serrated, the teeth directed forwards, acuminate ; glabrous on both surfaces, except on the nerves beneath, where they are slightly pubescent ; upper surface glossy. Flowers 6-cleft ; the male ones scattered ; the female ones axillary, solitary, almost sessile. (Dec. Prod.) A deciduous shrub. New York to Virginia, on the Alle- ghany Mountains. Height 6 ft. to 8 ft. Introduced in 1812. Flowers white ; July. Berries large, dark red ; ripe in November. The plant of this species in Lod- diges's arboretum was 4 ft. high in 1835. Readily distinguished by its somewhat more succulent leaves and shoots, the latter, when young, tinged with dark purple. acumi- 33G. Frlno& lixvigiitus. 237. Pnnos lanccdAtua. * 5. P. LANCEOLA^TUs Pursh. The lanceoIate-fca!)6'rf Winter Berry. Identification. Pursh Fl. Sept. Amer., 2. p. 27. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 17. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 20. Synonymes. P. canadensis Lyon ; P. lilcidus Hort. Engraving. Out fig. 235. from a plant in the Hort. Soc. Garden. Spec. Char., Sf-c. Leaves deciduous, lanceolate, remotely and very slightly serrulate, smooth on both surfaces. Male flowers aggregate, triandrous ; female ones mostly in pairs, peduncled, and 6-cleft. (Dec. Prod.) A deci- duous shrub. Carolina to Georgia, in low grounds. Height 6 ft. to 8 ft. Introduced in 1811. Flowers white ; June and July. Berries small, scarlet ; ripe in November. The plant in Loddiges's arboretum is 8 ft. high. § iii. Winterlia Moench. Sect. Char. Prod., ii. Flowers, for the most part, 6-cleft. p. 17.) H 3 Leaves permanent. (7?ec. 166 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. 238. Prlnos c'^ber. m 6. P. GLAUBER L. The glabrous Winter Berry. Identification. Lio. Spec, 471. ; Bee. Prod., 2. p. 17. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 20. Synonyme. Ink berry, Amer. t., j * n.» . ^ Engraving. Our fig. 238. from nature. The figure under this name in Wats. Dend., t. 27., la that of P. coridceus Punh. Spec. Char., ^c. Evergreen. Leaves lanceolate, with wedge-shaped bases, coriaceous, glabrous, glossy, somewhat toothed at the tip. Flowers mostly three on an axillary peduncle that is usu- ally solitary. Fruit black. {Dec. Prod.) An evergreen shrub. Canada to Florida, in shady woods. Height 3 ft. to 5 ft. Introduced in 1739. Flowers white ; July and August. Berries black ; ripe in November. A low but very handsome evergreen shrub, which, in its native country, makes a fine show, when covered with its black berries. In Loddiges's arbo- retum it has attained the height of 4 ft., with a regu- lar ovate shape, densely clothed with shining foliage. • 7. P. CORIA^CEUS Pursh. The coriaceous-/«a«e(/ Winter Berry. Identification. Pursh Fl. SepL Amer., 1. p. 221. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 17. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 21. Si/noni^me. P. glaber Wats. Engravings. Wats. Dend. Brit., t. 27., and Bot.^ Cab., 450., under the name of P. glaber ; and o\afig. 239. Spec. Char., Src Evergreen. Leaf lanceolate, with a wedge- shaped base, coriaceous, glabrous, glossy, entire. Flowers in short, sessile, axillary corymbs, many in a corymb. (Dec. Prod.) A handsome, tall, evergreen shrub. Georgia, ' in sandy woods near the banks of rivers. Height 8 ft. to 10ft. Introduced in 1820. Flowers white; June and July. Berry black ; ripe in November. Varieties. This species varies, with leaves broader, obovate- lanceolate, and acuminate; and narrower, lanceolate, and acute. (Dec. Prod.) The broad-leaved variety appears to be that figured in Lod. Bot. Cab., t. 450. The general aspect of. this plant is that of Plex Dahoon. It is a handsome shrub, well deserving a place in collections. Other Species of Pnnos. — P. dihius G. Don. and P. atomdrius Nutt. have been introduced, and, probably, some others; but we have only noticed those of which we have seen living plants, and which we consider to be tolerably distinct, though there are probably only three species of Prinos ; two of which are deciduous, and the other evergreen. Prinos corikceiu. Order XXII. iiHAMNA^CE^. Obd. Char. Calyx 4 — 3-cleft ; aestivation valvate. Corolla of 4 — 5 petals ; in some absent. Petals cucullate, or convolute, inserted into the orifice of the calyx. Stamens 4 — 5, opposite the petals, perigynous. Ovary supe- rior, or half-superior, 2-, 3-, or 4-celled, surrounded by a fleshy disk. Ovules one in a cell, erect, as are the seeds. Fruit fleshy and indehiscent, or dry and separating into 3 divisions. — Trees or shrubs, often spiny, and generally deciduous. (Lindl.) Leaves simple, alternate, very seldom opposite, with minute stipules, XXII. iJHAMNA'cE^: Zl'zvt'HUS. 167 deciduous or evergreen. Flowers axillary or terminal. — Chiefly natives of Europe or North America. They are ornamental in British gardens and shrubberies, chiefly from the va- riety of their foliage, and from their berries ; but some of them, as Ceanothus, from their flowers. They are all of easy culture ; and they are propagated by seeds, cuttings, or layers. The hardy genera in British gardens are six ; -which are characterised as follows : — ^I'ZYPHUS Toum. Petals 5. Styles 2 — 3. Fruit an ovoid mucilaginous drupe. Nuts I — 3-celled. Seed compressed. A deciduous low tree or shrub. Paliu^rus Tfeaj-B. Petals 5. Styles 3. Fruit dry, indehiscent, girded with a broad membranaceous wing, 3-celled. Seed ovate. Spiny shrubs. Berche^m//4 Necker. "-'etals 5. Style I. Stigmas 2. Fruit an oblong dry drupe ; the nut 2-celled. A twining deciduous shrub from Carolina. Aha'mnus Lam. Petals in some absent. Style 2 — 4-cleft. Fruit nearly dry, or berried, 2 — 4-celled. Seed oblong. Shrubs or small trees, deciduous or evergreen ; chiefly natives of Europe, but some of N. America and Asia. Con.E^TZ4 Comm. Corolla none. Style ending in 3 teeth. Fruit a 3-celled capsule. Spiny shrubs ; natives of Peru or Chile. Ceano^thus L. Petals 6. Styles 2 — 3, united. Fruit a dry berry, 3-celled, rarely 2 — 4-celled. Seed ovate. Shrubs, evergreen or deciduous, from North America. Genus I. .ZrZYPHUS Tourn. The, Jujube. Lin. St/sl. Pentandria Di-Trig/nia. Identificaticm. Toum. Inst., t. 403. j Gaert. Fruct., 1. p. 43 ; Lam. 111., t. 185. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 198. ; BrongD. M^m. Rbam., p. 47. SyTwnymes. Jyiubier, Fr. ; Jodendom, Ger.i Giuggiolo, Itcd. Verivatiim. From xtxoiif, the Arabic name of the lotus. Gen. Char. Calyx spreading, 5-cleft. Petals 5, obovate, unguiculate, convolute. Stamens 5, exserted. Anthers ovate, 2-celled. Dish flat, pentagonal, ex- panded, adherbg to the tube of the calyx. Ovary 2 — 3-celled, immersed in the disk. Styles 2 — 3. Fruit fleshy, containing a 1 — 2-celled nut. (Don's Mill., 2. p. 23.) Leaves simple, alternate, stipulate, deciduous ; 3-nerved. Flowers axil- lary. — Only one hardy species. A low tree or shrub from Syria. i^ 1. Z. vvLGA^Ris Lain. The common, or CKffijJaicrf, Jujube. Identification. Lam. 111., 18S. f. 1. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 19. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 23. Smumymet. iJhimnus Zfeyphus Lin. Spec. 282., Pall. Fl. Ross. 2. t. 69. ; Z. satlva Desf. Arb. 2. p. 373., N. Du Ham. t. 16., but not of Gjert. ; Z. JUjuha Mill. Diet. No. 1., but not of Lam. ; Jnjubier cultiv^, Fr. ; Brustbeeren, Ger. ; Giuggiolo, Xtal. Engravings. Lam. 111., 185. f. 1. ; N. Du Ham., 3. t. 16. ; and om fig. 240. Spec. Char., ^c. Branchlets glabrous. Leaves ovate, retuse, denticulate, glabrous ; or, beneath, pubescent along the nerves. Prickles not any, or twin, one of them recurved. Drupe ovate-oblong. {Dec. Prod.) A deci- duous tree. The South of Europe and Syria. Height in the South of Europe 20 ft. to 30ft. ; and in England 5 ft. to 10 ft. Introduced in 1640. Flowers greenish yellow; August and September. Fruit blood-red oi saffron ; rarely seen in England. Stem thick, cylindrical, somewhat twisted. The bark is brown, and rather chapped. The "branches are numerous, pliant, armed with prickles, zigzag in their direction; the prickles at the joints being two of unequal size, of which one is almost straight, and the other shorter and quite straight. The leaves are alternate and oval-oblong, somewhat hard and coriaceous. The flowers are small, axillary, of a pale yellow colour, with short peduncles. The fruit 168 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. is oval-oblong, resembling that of the olive ; at first green, afterwards yellow, and entirely red when ripe. The juice of the fruit is used for making the jujube lozenges. The plant is tolerably hardy ; having stood the winter of 1837-8 in the Hort. Soc. Garden. It is easily increased by cuttings of the roots, whether of young or old trees ; or by suckers, which it throws up in the greatest abundance. Seeds of it may also be procured from Italy. Other Species of Tiizyphus. — Z. sinensis Lam. has been cultivated in the Hort. Soc. Garden but it is only half-hardy ; and the same may be said of Z. spina ChrisA, Z. Jlexuosa, and Z. JmcilTva, which are marked in some cata- logues as hardy. Genus II. 240. Zizyjihus vulgti PALIU'RUS L. The Paliurus, or Christ's Thorn. Lin. Syst. Pentandria Trig;fnia. IdcnUfication. Tourn. Inst., t. 386. ; D. Don Prod. Fl. Nep., p. 1B9. ; Dec. Prod., 1. p. 22. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 23. ; Brongn. Mem. Rham., p. 46. Synonymes. Paliilre, Porte-chapeau, i^r.; Judendorn, Ger.\ Paliuro, Ital. Derivation. From pailo, to move, and ouron, urine ; in allusion to its diuretic qualities ; or from Paliurus, the name pf a town in Africa, now called Nabil. Gen. Char. Calyx spreading, 5-cleft. Petals 5, obovate, convolute. Stamens 5, protruding. Anthers ovate, 2-celled. Disfc flat, pentagonal. Ovary 3-celled. Styles 3. Fruit dry, indehiscent, expanding into a membrane round the disk, containing a 3-celled nut. (^Don's Mill.') Leaves simple, alternate, stipulate, deciduous ; nerved with spines in the axils. Flowers axillary, greenish yellow. Two species are hardy, and very ornamental from their shining leaves, and abundance of rich greenish yellow flowers, which are succeeded by fruit of rather a singular form. Propagated by seeds, which they produce in England, in abundance. y as 1. P. ACULEA^TUS Lam. The prickly Paliurus, or Christ's Thorn. Idcntijkation. Lam. 111., t. 210. ; Fl. Fr., ed. 3., No. 4081. ; N. Du Ham., 3. 1. 17. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 23. Synonymes. P. petasus Dum. Cours. 6. p. 266. j P. austrMis Geert. Fruct. 1. 1. 43. f. 5. ; P. vulgaris Z). Don Prod. Fl. Nep.1S9.; iJh&mnus Paliflrus Lin. Spec.'iS\.; Zfzyphus Paliarus Willd. Spec. 1. p. 1183., Sims Sot. Mag. t. 1893. ; Christ's Thorn, or Ram of Libya, Gerard \ E'pine de Christ, Argalon, Porte-chapeau, Fr.; geflijgelter Judendorn, Ger. ; Giuggolo salvatico, Ital. ; Xlin, in the herb-shops of Constantinople, where the seeds are sold as a medicine, and as a yellow dye. Engravings. Lara. 111., t. 210. ; N. Du Ham., 3. t. 17. ; Bot. Mag., t. 1893. ; the plates of this species, both in a young and an old state, in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. v. ; and our Jig. 241. Spec, Char., Sfc. Branchlets pubescent. Leaves ovate, serrulated, quite smooth, 3-nerved, with two spines at the base, one straight, the other re- curved. Flowers in axillary crowded umbellules ; few in an umbellule. Wing of capsule crenated. (Don's Mill.) A branching deciduous shrub, or low tree. South of Europe, and North and West of Asia. Height 15 ft. to 30 ft. Introduced in 1596. Flowers greenish yellow ; June and July. Fruit yellow ; ripe in September. The fruit is buckler-shaped, flat and thin, but coriaceous. From the sin- gular appearance of this fruit, which has the footstalk attached to the middle, which is raised ike the crown of a hat ; and the flattened disk, which re- XXU. JJHAMNA^CE^ : BERCHfVm/^. 169 241. Palidrjs acul^tiis. sembles its brim ; the French have given this tree the name oi parte-chapeau. On both shores of the Mediterranean, it grows to about the same height as the common hawthorn, on rocky sterile places. In many parts of Italy the hedges are formed of this plant, as they are of the hawthorn in Britain ; it is also the common hedge plant in Asia. Any common soil ; seeds, or cuttings of the root. at 2. P. (a.) virga^tus D. Don. The twiggy Christ's Thorn. Don's MUl., 2. p. 23. Idtntification. D. Don in Bot. Mag.; and FI. Nep., 189. EngraviTtgs, Bot. Mag., t. 2535. ; and our fig. 242. Spec. Char., Sfc. Branches smooth. Leaves obliquely cor- date, or elliptical, 3-herved, shining ; wing of fruit entire. (79. ; P. v§ra Mill. Diet. No. 4. ; Pistachier Tferebinthe, Fr. ; Terpentin Fistacie, Ger. ; Tereblnto, Ital, Engravings. Woodv Med. Bot, 415. t. 153. ; and our J?^. 279. Spec. Char., Sfc, Leaves deciduous, impari-pinnate, of about 7 leaflets, that are ovate-lanceolate, rounded at the base, and at the tip acute and mucro- nate. (Dec. Prod.) A deciduous tree. South of Europe and North of Africa. Height 30 ft. In- troduced in 1656. Flowers dull yellow and crimson ; June and July. Fruit dark blue, hardly bigger than a large pea. Variety. i P. T. 2 sphcerocdrpa Dec. — Fruit larger and rounder than that of the species. The general appearance of the tree is that of P. vera, but the leaves are larger, and the fruit only a third of the size ; the leaflets are, also, lanceolate, instead of being subovate. The red hue of the branches, espe- cially when young, is very beautiful ; and the leaves are 186 AEBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. also more or less tinged with red. The fruit is round, not succulent, and somewhat furrowed ; at first green, and afterwards reddish ; but black, or of a very dark blue, when ripe. The leaves and flowers emit a very resinous odour, which spreads to a considerable distance, more especially at sunset, when the dew is falling, after a very warm day. The substance called Venice or Chian turpentine is the resin which exudes from this tree. In British gardens, the tree is not very common, though it is generally considered as the hardiest of the genus; and, with P. vfera, may be planted in warm -sheltered situations in the open border. i. 3. p. iENTi'scus L. The Mastich Tree. Identification. Lin. Spec, 1455. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 6.?. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 66. Synonyme. Corno capra, Ital. Engravings. Woodv. Med. Bot., t. 152. ; and our fig 280. Spec. Char., Sfc. Evergreen. Leaves abruptly pinnate ; leaflets 8, lanceolate; petiole winged. (Dec. Prod.) An evergreen tree. Southern Europe, Northern Africa, and the Levant. Height 20 ft. Introduced in 1664. Flowers green ; April and May. Fruit brownish ; ripe in October. Varieties, * P. L. 2 angustifblm Dec, P. massiliensis Mill. Diet., P. angtistifolia massiliensis Tourn., has leaflets almost linear, and the tree seldom exceeds 10 ft. in height, t P. L. 3 chia N. Du Ham. iv. p. 72. ; P. chia Desf. Cat. Hort. Par. — A native of Scio, where it produces the mastich. The species bears a general resemblance to the two preceding ones, in summer, when they are clothed with foliage ; but it differs from them in being evergreen, and in having the leaves much smaller. The leaves have sometimes 5 leaflets on each side ; and the petioles are so much winged as to appear like pinnse. The tree in the South of Europe, and the North of Africa, is cultivated in gardens, as well as found in a wild state ; but in British gardens it is not so hardy as P. Te- rebinthus, and north of London should always be planted against a wall. jso. pisticia /.entiscus. Other Species of Pistdda. — P. atlantica Desf, a deciduous tree from Mount Atlas, is said to have been introduced in 1.790, but it requires the protection of a frame or green-house. Genus LI. M. If & / iJHU'S L. The Rhus, or Sumach. Lin. Syst. Pent&ndria Trigynia and Dice Via Pentandria. Identification. Lin. Gen., 369. ; Lam. 111., t. 207. ; Kunth Gen. Tereb., p. 5. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 66. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 61. and p. 69. Synonymes. Sumach, Fr. and Ger. ; Ru, Ital. Derivation. From rkoos, or rhous, Greek, or from rhudd, or rud, Celtic, red ; in allusion to the colour of the fruit and leaves of some of the species in autumn. Others derive iJhds from the Greek verb rhed, I run, from the habit of the roots runnmg and spreading under ground to a considerable distance from the tree. Sumach is derived from Simaq. the Arabic name of the plant. Gen. Char. Sexes hermaphrodite, dioecious, or polygamous. Calt/x small, 6-parted, persistent. Petals ovate, and inserted into a calycine disk, or into the calyx. Stamens 5, inserted into a calycine disk. Ovary single, XXIV. ANACARDIA'CEiE: YJHU's. 187 subglobular, of 1 cell. Styles 3, short, or wanting. Stigmas 3. Fruit an almost dry drupe of 1 cell, with a bony nut, which includes a single seed ; and, in some instances, 2 — 3 seeds. {Dec. Prod.) — Deciduous shrubs. Na- tives of Europe, Asia, and North and South America. Leaves simple or unequally pinnate, alternate, stipulate, deciduous. Flowers in terminal racemes, or panicles. — The leaves vary much, both in form and magnitude ; and they generally die off, in autumn, of a dark red, or a bright scarlet, or yellow, when they ai'e very ornamental. Most of the species are poisonous, some highly so ; and they all may be used in tanning, and dyeing yellow or black. They are all easily propagated by cuttings of the root, and some of them by cuttings of the branches. Some of the hardy species are rambling climbers, and others tree-like bushes. § i. Cotinus Tourn. Sect. Char. Leaves undivided. Flowers hermaphrodite. St 1. R. Co'tinus L. The Cotinus Rhus, or Venetian Sumach. Identification. Lin. Spec., 383. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 67. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 69. Synonymes. C6tinus Coggjgria Scop. Cam. ed. 2. No. 368.. MccTtck hletk. 73. ; Cotinus coriacea Duh. Arb, l.t. 78.; Venus Sumacli, Venice Sumach, wild Olive; Sumach Fustet, or Arbre aux Peruques, Fr. ; Periicken Sumach, Ger. ; Scotano, Ital. Derivation. The term Ctitinus is derived from cotinos, a name under which Pliny speaks of a tree with red wood, which is supposed to grow in the Apennines. Engravings. Jacq. Aust., L 210. ; and our Jig. 281. Spec. Char., Sj-c. Leaves obovate. {Dec. Prod.) A de- ciduous rambling shrub. Spain to Caucasus ; and, accord- ing to Torrey and Gray, probably of North America. Height 4 ft. to 6 ft. wild ; 6 ft. to 8 ft. in a state of cul- ture. Introduced in 1656. Flowers pale purplish, or flesh colour ; June and July. Fruit white ; ripe in Sep- tember. Decaying leaves of a fine reddish yellow. Naked young wood smooth brown. The flowers are disposed in loose panicles, and are her- maphrodite. The drupe is half-heart-shaped, smooth, and veiny ; and its nut is triangular. Many of the flowers are abortive ; and their pedicels, after flowering, lengthen, and become hairy. A highly ornamental shrub, more especially when covered with its large loose panicles of elongated hairy pedicels. It is easily known from all the other species by its simple, obovate, smooth, stiff; lucid green leaves, rounded at the points, and supported by long footstalks, which remain on till they are killed by frost, so that the plant is almost a sub-evergreen. A dry loam suits it best; and it is propa- gated by pegging down the branches flat to the ground, and strewing earth over them, through which young shoots rise up, which root at the base, and may be removed in autumn. J ii. Sumach Dec. Sect. Char. Leaves impari-pinnate ; leaflets more than 3 in the leaves of each of the first 6 species of this section. Flowers in panicles, polygamous, dioecious, or hermaphrodite. Sb 2 2. iJ. TYPHi'NA L. The Fever Rhus, or Stag's Horn Sumach. Identification. Lin. Spec, 380. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 67. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 70. ; Tor. and Gray, Sj/nmymes. iJ. virginiana^flM*. Pm. p. 517. ; Virginian Sumach Engravings. N. Du H., 2. t. 47. ; Wats. Dend. Brit., t. 17. and t. 18. ; and our fig. 282., the male. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaf of 8 — 10 pairs of leaflets, and the odd one, that are lanceolate, acuminate, serrated, hairy beneath. Petiole and branches hairy. 188 ARBORETUM ET FIIUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. (Dec. Prod.) A shrub, with the habit of a low deciduous tree. Canada to Carolina, in rocky dry situations. Height 20 ft. Introduced in 1629. Flowers, female dark purple, male greenish yellow and purple ; July and August. Fruit hairy, purple ; ripe in October. Decaying leaves dark purple or red, sometimes mixed with yellow. Naked young wood dark brown, hairy. DeCandolle has characterised two forms of this species as follows : — It'R.t.l arhorescens. — A tree between 10 ft. and 23 ft. high ; leaf slightly downy beneath. Si R. t. i frutescens. — Shrubby, between 2ft. and 10ft. high; and its leaf downy and whitish beneath. i R. i. 3 viridiflbra. R. viridiflora Pair. — Flowers green. Possibly nothing more than the male plant. Rhds typhina, in British gardens, is either a large shrub, or a low tree with a woody stem and a head composed of many irregular branches, generally crooked and deformed. The young shoots are covered with a soft velvet-like down, resembling that of a young stag's horn, both in colour and texture ; whence, and probably also from the crookedness of the branches, the common name. The cellular tissue of the wood is of an orange colour, with a strong aromatic odour, and a copious resinous juice. The leaves are 2 ft. to 3 ft. long, and they are very conspicuous in autumn, before they drop off, when they change to a purplish or yellowish red. The flowers are produced in close spikes at the ends of the branches ; they are often polygamous or di- cecious by abortion, and the female ones are followed by seeds enclosed in woolly, simple, succulent covers. As the plant is of open irregular growth, and not of long duration, it should never be placed where it is intended to act as a screen. Like all objects the chief beauty of which consists in their singularity, it produces the most striking eifeet when standing alone on a lawn. * 3f 3. iJ. (? T.) gla'bra Lin. 282. flhds typhina. Identification. Lin. Spec., 380.; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 67. Wats. Dend. Brit. ' " The glabrous Rhus, or Scarlet Sumach. 's Mill., 2. p. 70.; Tor. aad Gray, 1. p. 217. Engravings. Wats. Dend. Brit., t. 1.^ ; and omjig. 283., the female. Spec. Char., S^c. Leaf glabrous, of 8 — 10 pairs of leaflets, and an odd one; leaflets lanceolate-oblong, serrate, whitish beneath. Branches glabrous. (Dec. Prod.) A deciduous shrub or low tree. Canada to Georgia. Height 3 ft. to 18 ft. Introduced in 1726. Flowers, male greenish yellow, female greenish red. Fruit red ; ripe in October. DeCandolle has distinguished three forms of this species ; namely : — * R. g. 1 hermaphrodita. R. glabra Willd. Spec. i. p. 14V8., Dill. Elth. t. 243. — Flowers her- maphrodite, greenish. as R. g. 2 dioica Lara. 111. t. 207. f. 1. — Flowers dioecious, greenish. S6 R. g. ? 3 cocdnea. R. carolinianum Mill. Diet. ; R. elegans Ait., Lodd. Cat., Dend. Brit. t. ] 6. — Flowers dioecious, red. This variety is dis- XXIV. ANACAHDIA^CE^ : BHU's. 189 tinguished by a more upright habit of growth, and smoother branches and leaves, than ii. glabra. The leaves are glaucous underneath; and the fruit is of a rich velvety crimson. The general appearance of the species is similar to that of R. typhina ; but the leaves and the entire plant are smaller, the branches more spreading and smooth, and the leaflets wider, less serrated, and of a deeper green. Si 4. -H. VENENATA Dec. The poisonous Rhus, Poison Wood, or Swamp Sumach. Identification. Dec. Prod., 2. p. 68. ; Don's Mill., 2, p. 71. ; Tor. and Gray, 1. p. 218. Syiumymes. R. -vermx. Lin. Spec. 380., Big. Med. Bot. l.p. 96. t. 10.; Toxicodindron pinn^tum MUi. Diet. No. 5. ; Poison Sumach, Poison Elder. Engravings. Wats. Dend. Brit., t. 19. i and our^. 284 5|pec. Char., ^c. Leaf rather glabrous than pubescent, of 5 — 6 pairs of leaflets, and the odd one, which are ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, entire, and beneath reticulately veined. (Dec. Prod.) A deciduous shrub. Canada to Georgia, and west to Louisiana, in swamps. Height 15 ft. to 20 ft. Introd. 1713. Flowers green ; July. Berry smooth, greenish white ; ripe in ? October. Decaying leaves intense red, or purple. Naked young wood purplish green. The leaves are divided like those of R. typhina and R. glabra ; but they are quite different from those of both kinds, in being ' smooth, shining, and having the leaflets very entire, narrow, and pointed, and the veins of a purplish red colour. The whole shrub is in a high degree poisonous ; and the poison is communicated by touching or smelling any part of it. In British gardens it is not very common ; but it well deserves culture, on account of the beauty of its smooth shining fohage at all seasons, and of its almost un- paralleled splendour in the autumn, from the time that the leaves begin to change colour, till they ultimately drop off, of an intense purple or scarlet, with the first frost, a 2 5. iJ. Coria'ria Lin. The hide-tanning Rhus, or the Elm-leaved Sumach. Idenlrficalion. Lin. Spec., 379. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 67. i Don's Mill.. 2. p. 70. • . ~ , Derivation. CoriSria alludes to the use made of this plant by the Romans, and also by the 1 urki, in tanning leather. „ , „„„ N. Du Ham., 2. t. 46. ; Wats. Dend. Brit., 1. 136. ; and our^s. 285. and 286. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaf villose, of 5 — 7 pairs of leaflets, and the odd one ; leaflets elliptical, and toothed with large and blunt teeth. The petiole smooth at the tip, a little margined. (Dec. Prod.) A deciduous shrub or low tree. Portugal to Tauria, on rocks in exposed situations. Height 15 ft. to 20 ft. Introduced in 1629 Flowers whitish green, in large loose panicles ; July and August. Fruit red; ripe in October, rare ' in England. De- caying leaves pur- phsh red. The general habit o! this plant resembles that of R. typhina ; but it is 284. Abas venenata. SS£. ilhtisCbrl^B. ;. R. Carjiiria. 190 ARBOllETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. much smaller in all its parts. The leaflets are about 2 in. long, and ^ in. wide, of a pale green, serrated, and in general appearance resembling the leaves of the common elm. Culture as in R, typhina. * 6. R. COPALLI^NA Lin. The Gum Copal Rhus, oi Mastkh-tree-leaved Sumach. Identification. Lin. Spec, 380. ; Dec. Prod., 6. p. 68.; Don's Mill., 2.p. 72.; Tor.and Gray, 1. p. 217. Jacq. Hort. Schon., t. 3«. ; Pluk. Aim., p. 6f). f. 1. ; and our^g. 287. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaf glabrous above, a Httle pilose beneath, of 3 — 7 pairs of leaflets, and the odd one ; leaflets lanceolate and entire. Petiole winged and jointed. Root stoloniferous. Flowers yellow green. Sexes dioecious. (Dec. Prod.) A deciduous shrub. Canada to Florida. Height 3 ft. to 8 ft. Introduced in 1688. Flowers yellowish green ; July and August Berries red ; ripe in September. Decaying leaves purplish red. Varieties. Three forms are given by Torrey and Gray : — a. Leaflets entire, usually acuminate, which may be considered as the species : /3, leaflets coarsely and unequally serrate: and 7, leaflets (about 21) small, oblong, acute at the base; obtuse and slightly mucronate at the apex; petiole nar rowly winged. Jacquin has ai j?. c. 2 leucantha Jac. Hort. Schon., t. 342.— Root not stoloniferous. Panicles more contracted than in the species. The leaves and general habit of the plant are those of R. typhina, but it seldom grows to the height of more than 4 or 5 feet in British gardens. The branches are smooth, and the leaflets entire with acute points; they are light green on both sides, and in autumn change to a fine purple. The petiole, as in R. Cori- aria, is somewhat winged towards its tip, which, with other circumstances, induces us to think that they may both be varieties of the same species. The leaves are used as tobacco by the Indians of the Missouri and the Mississippi. w« 1 I.R. Toxicode'ndron L. The Poison-Tree Rhus, or Sumach. Identification. Tor. and Gray, I. p. 218. tnonymes. R. Toxicodendron, and R. radlcans i., Bee, Don^s Mill., ^c. igraving. Our fig. 000. in p. GOO. Spec. Char., Sj-c. Stem erect, decumbent, or climbing by radicles. Leaves 3- foliolate, somewhat pubescent ; leaflets (membranaceous) broadly oval or rhomboid, acuminate, entire or toothed, the lateral ones inequilateral. Pa- nicles racemed, axillary, subsessile. Drupe subglobose, smooth. {Tmrey and Grat/.) A low rambling or climbing shrub. Canada to Georgia, in shady damp places. Stems 10 ft. to 20 ft. as a climber ; or 3 ft. to 5 ft. high as a bush. Introduced in 1640. Flowers greenish, mostly dioecious; June and July. Berry pale chestnut; ripe in September. Decaying leaves purplish red. Varieties. The following forms are given by Torrey and Gray : — -* R. T. 1 quercifolium Tor. & Gray. R. T. S juercifolium Michx. — Not climbing ; leaves entire, or variously and irregularly sinuatedly toothed, or lobed. The R. Toxicodendron of the London gardens, readily distinguished from the two following varieties, by its deeply sinuated, or almost pinnatifld, leaflets. It grows to the height of 287. AhfiE copallina. XXIV. ANACATlDIA^CEiE : BHU's. 191 3 ft. to 4 ft. with several upright stems, forming a small bush, from the base of which proceed man_y prostrate runners. ^±R.T.2 radicans Tor. & Gray. R. T. a vulgare Michx. ; iJ. T. /3 ra- dicans Tot: (Bot. Mag. t. 1806. and N. Du Ham. 2. t.48., and our Jigs. 288. and 289.) — Climbing ; leaves more commonly entire, or nearly so. The iJhus radicans of the London gardens, readily known from the preceding variety by its trailing or climbing stem, and by its entire leaflets. 288. AhdB Toxicodendron radicans. 289. RhesJ. Atl. 2. p. 133., UHirit. Stirp. 183. ; Bolina, in Aridalusia. Engraving. Our fig. . in p. Spec. Char., itc. Leaf trifoliolate, its petiole short, its leaflets linear-lanceolate. 309. G. triquetra. XXV. legumina'ceje : Geni'sta. 205 and rather silky. Flowers in terminal heads. Calyx hairy, in a silky man- ner. Corolla and legume silky. Branches glabrous. {Dec. Prod.) Alow shrub. Barbary, on arid hills ; and Spain, in Andalusia, on hills. Height 1 ft. to 2 ft. Introduced in 1779. Flowers yellow ; April to June. Variety. jj G. K. 2 capitata Dec. 5partium capitatum Cav. Anna/. 1801, p. 63. — Branches and leaves covered with silky villi. Native of Mogador. }2. Spinose. Leaves all, or some of them, trifoliolate. -n 6. G. lcsita'nica L. The Portugal Genista. Identification. Lin. Sp., 999., exclusive of the synonymes of Clus. and J. Bauh. ; Lam. Diet., 2. p. 662., exclusive of the synonymes ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 146. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 450. Engravings. Aodr. Bot. Rep., t. 419. ; and our fig. 310. Spec. Char., Sfc. Branches spiny, round, becoming striate. Leaves trifoUolate, opposite, upon short petioles ; the leaflets linear, folded, somewhat silky. Flowers few, terminal. Calyx very hairy. {Dec. Prod.) A very spiny shrub, ever- green from the colour of its young shoots. Portugal. Height 4 ft. Introduced in 1771. Flowers yellow ; March to May. Legume ?. Remarkable for having opposite leaves and branches ; a cha- racter not common among Leguminaceae. j» 7. G. (l.) radia^ta Scop. The rayed-branched Genista. Identification. Scop. Cam., No. 871. ; Dec. Prod.,2. p. 146.; Don's Mill., 2. p. 149. Synonymes. ^p&rtium radi^tum Lin. Sp. 996., Mill. Icon., Sims Sot. Mag. ; G. Uveusis L Engravings. Mill. Icon., t. 249. f. 1. ; Bot. Mag., t. 2260. ; and our ^. 311. Spec. Char., ^c. Branches angled, grouped, glabrous. Leaf trifoliolate, almost sessile, opposite, the leaflets somewhat silky. Flowers in terminal heads, 2 — 4 in a head. Corolla and legume silky. The old branches show a tendency to become spiny. The legumes are oval, short, compressed, pointed with the style, and include two seeds. (Dec. Prod.} A low shrub, of short duration, evergreen from the colour of its young shoots. Italy, Carniola, and the Vallais. Height 2 ft. to 4 ft. Introduced in 1758. Flowers yellow ; June and July. Legume ?. Variety. J« G. (t.) r. 2 umbelldta, G. umbellata Pair., 5partium umbellatum Desf., appears, from a plant that was in the Hort. Soc. Garden in 1837, to belong to this species. Differing from G. lusitanica principally in being without spines, and having its leaves somewhat longer. Both G. radiata and G. lusitanica have a very singular appearance when without their leaves ; and, in that point of view, they may be considered as almost as interesting in winter as they are in summer. J* 8. G. BPHEDRoi^DES Dec- The Ephedra-like Genista. Identification. Dec. lAgam. Mtoi., 6. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 147. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 150. Engravings. Dec. Ligum Mem., 6. t. 36. ; Maund's Botanic Garden, t. 498. ; and ourJ%-. 312. Spec. Char., ^c. Leaves some trifoliolate, some simple, few ses- sile ; leaflets linear, almost glabrous. Branches rigid, round, becoming striated and spiny. Flowers in spikes, alternate, 5ij.G.q>hedi»ide.. yellow. Calyx somewhat pubescent. (Dec. Prod.) A shrub. all. o. (1.) ndl&ts. 206 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. evergreen from the colour of its young slender shoots. Sardinia. Height 2 ft. ; in British gardens 4 ft. Introduced in 1832. Flowers small, yellow ; June to September. Legume?. S13. G. triadinthos. The whole plant is glabrous, and resembles in appear- ance jB'phedra distachya. Cuttings strike readily. Ji 9. G. triaca'nthos Srot. The three-spined Genista. Identification. Brot. Phyt., 130. t. 64. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 147. ! Don's Mill., 2. p. 150. Si/nont/me. G, rostrata Voir. Suppl. 2. p. 719. Engravings. Brot. Phyt., t. 54. ; and onr Jig. 313. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves sessile, trifoUolate and simple, gla- brous. Leaflets linear-lanceolate. Branchlets spiny, branch- ed. Flowers in terminal racemes, few in a raceme. Calyx, corolla, and legume glabrous ; legume 1-seeded. The spines are simple, trifid, or branched. {Dec. Prod.) A deciduous undershrub. Portugal, on mountains and in woods. Height 2 ft. to 3 ft. Introduced in 1821. Flowers yellow ; May to July. Legume ?. Variety. M (y. t. 2 interrupta Dec, S^artium interruptum Cav. Annal., 1801, vol. iv. p. 58., has linear leaflets, and branches usually Simple, and shorter than those of the species, is found wild about Tangier. -a 10. G. ho'rrida Dec. The horrid Genista. Identification. Dec. Fl. Fr., 4. p. 600. ; Dec. Frod., 2. p. 146. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 149. ; Wehb. Jter Hispan., 61. Synonymes. 5partium liorridnm Vahl Symb.1. p. 51., exclusive of the synonyme ; G. erinacea Gililf. Bat. Prat. 2. p. 239. Engravings. Gilib. Bot. Prat., 2. p. 239. icon. ; and oMtfig. 314. Spec. Char., Sfc. Branches grouped, angled, spiny, opposite. Leaves trifoholate, opposite ; the leaflets linear, folded, somewhat silky. Flowers few, almost terminal. Calyx pubescent. {Dec. Prod.) A native of the Pyrenees. Height 4 ft. Intro- duced in 1821. Flowers yellow ; May and June- Legume ?. S 3. Spinose. Leaves all simple, j» 11. G. sylve'stris Scop. The wood Genista. Identification. Scop. Cam., No. 876. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 148. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 151 . Synonyme. G. hispanica Jacq. Icon. Ear. t. 557. Engravings. Jacq. Icon. Rar., t. 557. ; and oar Jig. 315, Spec. Char., S;c. Leaves simple, linear-awl- shaped, glabrous above, villose in a closely pressed manner beneath. Spines axillary, branched, slender. Flowers glabrous, disposed in a terminal spiked raceme. Teeth of the calyx almost spiny. The keel longer than the standard and wings. {Dec. Prod.) A deciduous undershrub. Carniola and Croatia, on hills. Height 1ft. to 2ft. Introduced in 1818. Flowers yellow ; June and July. Legume ?. ,„. ^,,^ ,,„^^, M 12. G. Sco'rpius Dec. The Scorpion Genista. Ident^cMon^ Dec. Fl. Fr., 4. p. 498. ; Dec Prod., 2. p. 148. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 161. ; Webb Itei ^^Gerfrd *' ''P^''''"™ Scfrrpias Lin. Sp. 996. ; G. spiniflftra Lam. Diet. 2. p. 621. ; Scorpion Furze Engravings. Dend Brit., t. 78. ; and our fig. 316. 314 Genista htfrrida. XXV. leguminaYe^: genista. 207 316. G. 5c anet'j. j» G. 2. inemiis Dec. is almost without spines. § 4. Unarmed. Leaves all simple. Genista plirKaiu. afe 16. G. pu'bgans L. The purging Genista. aentification. Lin. Sp., 999.: Bull. Herb., 115.; Dec, Prod., 2. p. 149.; Don'sMiU.,2. p. 161. Synontjme. SpSrtium purgans Lin. Syst. 474. Engravings. J3ot. Cab., 1117.; and our j^, 320. Spec. Char., ^c. Upright, much branched. Branches round, striate. Leaves simple, very few, lanceolate, almost sessile, somewhat silky. Flowers axillary, solitary, scarcely pe- diceled. Petals equal, glabrous. The young legume adpressedly pubescent. (JDec. Prod.) An upright shrub, evergreen from the colour of its shoots. France, on hills. Introd. 1768. Height 3 ft. to 6 ft. Flowers yellow ; June and July. Legume brown ; ripe in September. 320. .J: 17. G^. SERi'cEA Wulf. The silky Genista. Identification. Wulf. in Jacq. Coll., 2, p. 167.; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 149. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 161. Erigravings. Jacq. Icon. Rar., 3. t. 556. ; and our^g. 321. Spec. Char., S^c. Decumbent, with upright round branches. Leaves simple, linear- lanceolate, silky beneath. Flowers ter- minal, 3 or 4 together, in a sort of ra- ceme. Petals silky, nearly equal. Lobes of the calyx oblong-acuminate ; the floral leaves equalling the calyx in length. (Dec. Prod.) A decumbent shrub. Height 6 in. Austria and Croatia, in subalpine places near the shore. Introduced in 1812. Flowers yellow; May and June. Legume brown; ripe August. J* 18. G. aphy'lla Dec. The leafless Genista. Identification. Dec. Prod., 2. p. 149. ; Don's Mill ., 2. p. 152. Synonymes. 5partium aph^Uum Lin. Fit. SuppL 320. ; G. Tirg&ta Lam. Did. 2. p. 616. Engravings. Pall. Itin. ed. Gall. Append., No. 357. t. 99. f. 2. ; and our fig. 322. Spec. Char., Sfc. Branched, upright. Leaves simple, very few, linear, very short. Flowers disposed dis- tantly, in lengthened terminal racemes. Legumes compressed, including 2 seeds ; when young, tomen- tose ; when adult, glabrous. (Dec. Prod.) Height 3 ft. to 4 ft. in British gardens. Found in Siberia, in de- serts, about the Volga. In- trod. 1800. Flowers violace- ous ; June and July. Legume brown ; ripe in September. 321, Genista sericea. 3'22. GentstaaphfUa. M 19. G. monospe'rma iom. The one-seeded Genista. Identification, Lam. Diet., 2. p. 616. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 150. ; 323. Genista monosp^rma. _ _ _ Don's MiU., 2. p. 152. ; VTebb Iter llispan., 51. Synonymes. Sp^rtiuni monospgrmum Lin. Sp. 995., Cui-t. Bot. Mag. t. 683. ; G. RcB-tam Forsk. Engravings. Bot. Mag., t. 683. ; and our J^. 323. Spec. Char., ^c. Branched, upright. Leaves simple, very few, linear-oblong, adpressedly pubescent. Flowers in lateral racemes, few in a raceme. Petals silky, almost equal. Legumes ovate, inflated, membranaceous, glabrous, including 1 — 2 seeds. (Dec. Prod) An erect shrub, with numerous slender, twiggy, flexile XXV. leguminaYejE : geni'sta. 209 branches. On the Mediterranean shores, where, in many places, it serves to retain and cousohdate the drifting sand. Height 2 ft. to 4 ft. Introduced in 1670. Flowers white ; June and July. Legume brown ; ripe in September. The leaves and young branches are, in these countries, eaten by sheep and goats ; and the twigs are used for tying vines to stakes, or tying up faggots ; and they are also twisted into ropes. ^ 20. G. spHi:R0CA'RPA Lam. The round-fruited Genista. Lam. Diet.. 2. p. 616. ; Bee. Prod., ... ^^^^ 2. p. 160. ; Identification, Don's Mill., 2. p. I,'i2. ; Webb Iter Hispan., 60. Synonyme. 5p&rtium spbsroc^rpon Lin. Mant. 571. EngravtTtgs. Clus. Hist, 1. p. 102. f. 2.j and our fig. 324. iSjoec. Char., 8;c. Twiggy, branched. Leaves simple, few, linear, almost glabrous. Flowers in lateral racemes, many in a raceme. Petals glabrous, equal. Legumes ovate, in some measure fleshy, contain- ing 1 — 2 seeds. Flowers small, and pale yellow. {Dec. Prod.) A twiggy shrub. Native of the South of Europe and North of Africa. Height 3 ft. to 4 ft. Introd. 1731. Flowers yellow ; June and July. Legume brown ; ripe in September. 324. G«nlsta sphsroc&iVB J» 21. G. ^thne'nsis Dec. The Mount Etna Genista. . p. 17., Sina Sot. Mag. Identification. ' Dec. Prod., 2. p. 160. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 162. Stfnonipnes. SpartiLim aethnense Siv. St. Sic. Mant 2., Bafin. Speech. 2674. ; 5p5rtium trisperraum Smith in Rees's Cycl. vol. 32. No. 5. Engravings. Bot. Mag., t. 2674. j and our fig. 325. Spec. Char., Sfc. Upright, very much branched. Leaves simple, few, linear, silky. Flowers in terminal racemes. Petals almost glabrous, nearly equal in length. Legumes obliquely ovate, compressed, containing 2- — 3 seeds ; when young, pubescent. (Dec. Prod.) An erect twiggy shrub. Native of the wooded region of Mount Etna, 3000 ft. I — 6000 ft. elevation ; growing with ^^cermonspessulanum. (Presl, in Comp. Bot. Mag., vol. i. p. 91.) Height 2 ft. to 4ft. Introduced in 1816. Flowers yellow ; June and July. Legume brown ; ripe in September. Resembles the preceding species, except that the flowers are twice the size. -* 22. G. anxa'ntica Ten. The Anxantic Genista. Identification. Ten. Tl. Nap. Prod., p. 41. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 150. ; Don's Hill., 2. p. 152. Synonyme. G. ams^ntlca Tenore. Engravings. Fl. Nap., 2. p. 127. t. 66. ; Swt. Fl.-Gar., 2d ser. t. 266. ; and oiir figs. 326. and 327 325. GenfsU ftthntn&u 3S6. Cen(sta anz^ntica. 327. Genista anxintica. Spec. Char., SfC. The whole plant is perfectly gla- brous. Stems spreading. Branches angled. Leaves simple, ovate-elliptical, rather coriaceous, veiny. Flo-"-'' in racemes. Corolla thrice as p Zl^ GenUIaa fc. 210 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BBITANNICUM. long as the calyx ; and about 8 lines long. Legume containing 8 — 10 seeds. {Dec. Prod.) A diiFuse shrub. Naples. Height 3 ft. to 4 ft. Introduced in 1818. Flowers yellow ; June and July. Legume brown ; ripe in September. Vatiet^. Jk G. a. 2 scaridsa. G. scariosa Vin. (Frag. Fl. Ital. 1. t. 8.; and our Jig. 328.) — An upright shrub, closely resembling the species. Intro- duced in 1821, and flowering in the Hort. Soc. Garden in June and July. It deserves a place in collections. 23. G. tincto'ria L. The Pyer's Broom, or Green Weed. Identification. Lin. Sp., 998. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 151. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 152. Svnonymes. G. it&lica Lod. Cat. ; Base Broom, Green Wood, Dyer's Weed, and Wood-waxen ; Genet des Teinturiers, Genet de SiberiCj Fr. ; farbender Ginster, Ger. ; Bacellina Ital. Engravings. Eng. Bot., t. 44. ; and our^. 329. Spec. Char., ^c Root creeping. Stems almost upright. Branches round, striated, upright. Leaves simple, lanceolate, rather glabrous. Flowers gla- brous, in spiked racemes. Legume glabrous. (Dec. Prod. ) A creeping^ rooted low shrub. Common in Europe, in grassy fields, and in woods and copses, particularly in dry gravelly or sandy soils. Height 1 ft. to 3 ft. Flowers yellow ; July. Legume brown ; ripe in September. Vmieties. ju G. i. 2 flore plena. — There are plants, in the Epsom Nursery and the Hort. Soc. Garden. M Q. t. 3 latifolia Dec. — Leaves broad- lanceolate. A native of Auvergne, on the Mont d'Or. G. t. 4 hirsuta Dec. — Leaves somewhat viUose. Branches upright. A native of ' sunny meadows. ■" G. t. 5 pratensis Poll. — Leaves oblong- lanceolate, rather hairy. Branches as- cending. Inhabits the mountainous parts of Upper Italy. It is very common in pastures, in many places, both in England and Scotland; but, when cows feed on it, it is said by Ray to give a bitter taste to their milk. All parts of this plant, and espe- cially the branches and leaves, have long been used by dyers for producing yellow, especially for dyeing wool that is afterwards to be dyed green with woad (/satis tinctoria L.). The plant is not now in cultivation for this purpose ; but, in Norfolk 'and Suifolk, it is still collected in quantities from sandy wastes and commons, and sold to the dyers. a 24. G. (t.) sibi'bica L. The Siberian Genista. Identification. Lin. Mant., 571.; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 151. j Don's Mill., 2. p. 162. Synonymes. Genistoldes elita Moench Meth. 132. ; Ge- nista tinctbria var. N. Bu Ham. Engravings. Jac. Hort. Vind., t. 190. ; and our fig. 330. Spec. Char., Src Stems erect ; and the whole plant more slender and taller than G. tinctoria, of which it is evidently only a variety. An erect shrub. Siberia. Height 6 ft. Introduced in 1785. Flowers yellow ; June to August. Legume brown ; ripe in September. ,,„_ Ga«.u,t.,^Mri<» Genista tinctdria. XXV. LEGUMINA^CE^ : GENl'sTA. 211 331 . Genista ( t. ) ov&la. jk 25. G. (t.) ova~ta Waldst. The ovate-leaved Genista. Zienlifictttum. Waldst. et Kit, PL Hung., I. t. 84.; Balb. ; Bert. : Tae. ; Ten.' De"'. Prod. 2. p. 151. J Don's Mill., 2. p. 163. Synonyme. G. nervata Kit. in Litt. Engravings. "Waldst. et Kit. Hung., 1. t. 84.; Dend. Brit., t. 77. ; and our^. 331. Spec. Char., Sfc. Stems numerous, hairy, erectish, somewhat herbaceous, striated, terete. Leaves ovate, or ovate-oblong, and are, as well as the legunies, hairy. Racemes short. Corolla smooth. (Don's Mill^ A shrub. Sclavonia and Hun- gary ; and on the hills of Italy, from Piedmont to Naples. Height 2 ft. to 4 ft. Introduced in 1819. Flowers yellow; June to August. Legume brown ; ripe in September. j» 26. G. triangula'ris Willi. The trimgahxstemmed Genista. Identification. Willd. Sp., 3. p. 939. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 151. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 163. Synonyme. G. triquetra Waldst. et Kit. Hung. 2. p. 1 65. 1. 153., but not of Alton. Engravings^ "Waldst. et Kit. Hung., 2. t. 153. ; and our Jig. 332. Spec. Char., S;c. Branches smooth, 3- angled, and, as well as the stems, ascend- ing. Leaves lanceolate, and mucronate. Flowers axillary Legume compressed, and mucronate. (Dec. Prod.) A shrub. Hungary, on calcareous rocks. Height 1ft. Introd. in 1815. Flowers yellow ; May and June. Legume brown; ripe in August. Closely resembling G. triquetra, of which, notwithstanding its simple leaves, it may possibly be only a variety ; the change not being greater than what takes place in i'Vaxinus excelsior simplicifolia. a 27. G. SAGiTTA^Lis L. The avro-vi-jomted Genista. Identification. Lin. Sp., 998. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 151. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 153. Synonymes. 6. herb^cea Xa7n. i^. i^'r. ; GenistellaracembsaAfirncA itfe^A. ; Saltzweddlmgagltt&lis Fl. IVett. 2. p. 498. Engravings. Jacq. Fl. Aust., t. 209. ; Hayne Abbild., t. 117. ; and our fig. 333. Spec. Char., Sfc. Stems prostrate. Branches herbaceous, ascending, 2-edged, membranous, somewhat articulated. Leaves ovate-lanceolate. Flowers disposed in an ovate, terminal, leafless spike. Corolla smooth ; but the keel is furnished with a villous line on the back. (Don's Mill.) A prostrate shrub. Con- tinental Europe, in mountain pastures. Height 6 in. Introduced in 1750. Flowers yellow ; May and June. Legume brown ; ripe in August. Variety. w» G. S.2 mvnxyr Dec. — A small shrub, having the branches clothed with adpressed pubescence at the apex, as well as the leaves. For practical purposes, this may be con- sidered as a herbaceous plant. It is a very distinct, ornamental, and hardy sort ; growing and flowering freely. p 2 Genista triangularis. 33S. (feniata lagitthlis. 212 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. ■^ 28. G. DIFFU'SA Willd. The diffuse Genista. Jdenliflcalim. Willd. Sp., 3. p. 942. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 132. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 153. Synomjmes. O. humimsa Wulf. in Jacq. Coll. 2. p. 169. ; Spartium proo6mbens Jacq. Icon. Bar. 3. t. 555., but not of Alton. Engravings. Jacq. Icon. Rar., t. 555.; and ourj!g.334. Spec. Char., Sfc. Branches pro- cumbent from the neck, trique- trous. Leaves lanceolate, and smooth, a little ciliated. Pe- duncles axillary, erect, and dis- posed in interrupted fascicles. Corollas and legumes glabrous. {Dec. Prod.) A procumbent shrub. Italy and Styria, in ex- posed places. Height 6 in. In- troduced in 1815. Flowers yellow ; May and June. Le- gume brown ; ripe in August. J: 29. G. prostra'ta Lam. The prostrate Genista. Identification. Lam. Diet., 2. p. 618. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 152. J .Don's Mill., 2. p. 153. , Synonymes. G. pedunculata UHtrit. Slirp. 184. ; G. decfimbens Dur. Bourg. 1 . p. 299. ; O. Hallen Iteyn. Mem. 1. p. 211. icon. Engravings. Lodd. Bot. Cab., 718. ; a1)d our.^s. 335,336. Spec. Char., Sfc. Stems diffuse, prostrate. Branches angular, striated, rather Genista declimbens. 336. Genista prostriiia. S35. Genista prostrhta hairy. Leaves ovate-oblong, somewhat hairy beneath, Flowers axdlary, on long erect pedicels. Corolla glabrous. Legumes hairy, 3 — 4-seeded. {Dec. Prod.) A prostrate shrub. Burgundy and the Alps of Jura. Height 1 ft. Introduced in 1775. Flowers yellow; May and June. Legume brown ; ripe in August. sk 30. G. procu'mbens WaUst. et Kit. Identification. Waldst. et Kit. in Willd. Sp., 3. p. 940. p. 153. Engravings. Bot. Reg., t. 1150.; and our fig. 337 Spec. Char., Sfc. Branches procumbent, round, striated, rather downy. Leaves lanceolate, acute, and, as well as the calyxes, downy beneath. Flowers pe- dicellate, axillary, in threes. Corolla glabrous. {Dec. Prod.) A procumbent shrub. Hungary and Moravia. Height 1 ft. Introduced in 1816. Flowers yellow ; June to August. Legume brown The procumbent Genista. , Dec. Prod., 2. p. 152.; Don's Mill., 2. 337. G. proc7. Engravings. Wats. Dend. Brit., t 81. ; and our fig. 364. Spec. Char., Si c. Stems cylindrical. Leaves trifo- liolate, obovate, clothed with strigose pubescence beneath, and smooth above. Raceme terminal, secund, usually 4-flowered. Calyx deeply 3- parted ; hairs on the stems and peduncles ad- pressed. {Don's Mill.) A procumbent shrub. Native of the Levant. Height 1 ft. Introd. in 1816. Flowers yellow; June and July. Le- gume black ; ripe in October. This is a beautifiil little shrub for rockwork ; and if planted in dry sandy soil, covered with broad flat stones to retain the moisture during the hot weather of July, it will continue flowering during the whole of that month, and produce abundance of seeds j which may be sent to any distance in the pods. Q 363. C. calycinua. 364. Cytisus niinus. 226 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICl'M. 365. C. orientklis. § vi. Chron&ntlius Dec. Derivation. From chrmos, a year, and anthos, a flower ; applied to this section because the petals remain attached to the calyxes all the year. Sect. Char. Calyx with the upper lip bifid, and the lower one trifid ; lobes acute, of the same length as the tube. Petals permanent. Legume oval, much compressed, 2-seeded. (^Dec. Prod., ii. p. 157.) j» 27. C. oRiENTA^Lis Lois. The Oriental Cytisus. Identification. Lois, in N. Du Ham., 5. p. 156.; JDon's.Mill., 2. p. 157. Synonyme. C. orient&lis, &c., Gerard and Vail. Herb. Engravings. Pluk. Phyt., t. 31. f. 3. ■, and our fig. 365. Spec. Char., ^c. Stems erect, hairy. Leaves almost sessile, trifoliolate, hairy ; leaflets linear, acute. Flowers large and yellow, subterminal, on short pedicels, and few. The flowers and pods are both glabrous. Calyx hairy, more 5-cleft than bilabiate. {Dec. Prod., ii. p. 157.} An erect hairy shrub. Native of the Levant. Height 2 ft. to 3 ft. Introduced in 1818. Flowers yellow, large and persistent; June and July. Legume black ; ripe in October. Other Species ofCytisus. — This genus, in .British gardens, is in such a stateof confusion, that nothing can be done in it satisfactorily till all the kinds are collected together, and cultivated for two or three years till they show their flowers and fruit. Perhaps two thirds of the alleged species in the London gardens are only varieties. In the mean time, all that a cultivator can do is to procure as many kinds as he can ; and in the collection of Messrs. Loddiges he will find the greater number of those above described, though some of them have been killed by the winter of 1837-8. Among the species probably hard}-, by far the handsomest in point of foliage is the C. ceolicus Guss. (Bot. Reg. t. ] 902., and ouvfig. 366.) It is a tall, very hoary shrub. A native of Strom- boli. Height S ft. to 8 ft. Introd. in 1835. Flowers pubescent, yellow, cam- panulate, and the young legumes glabrous. It has the appearance. Dr. Lind- ley observes, of being an intermediate species be- tween C. iaburnum and C. triflorus. (See Arb. Br., 1st ed., p. 2551.) C. m- • cemosits Marnock (Flor. 366. cytis«s.aicu,. jyf3g_^ ^qJ Jj ( jg . ^^^ ^^^ ^^_ gg,^ ■) j^ ^ jj^^j_ some shrub, of moderately robust habit ; a native of the Peak of Teneriffe. Height 3 ft. to 4 ft. Introduced in 1835. The flowers are terminal, in a spike about 6 in. in length, and of a bright yellow. There were plants in the Epsora Nursery in 1838. Many other species of Cytisus are described by authors, for which we refer to Don's Miller, Webb's Itei- Hispaniense, Bois- sier's Elenchus Plantarum, Duby and DeCandolle's Botanicon Gallicum, and the first edition of this Arboretum. Many genera of ligneous plants require to be cultivated together, in the same garden, in order to settle their nomen- clature : but while some of these, as Quercus, Pinus, &c., would consume the greater part of a lifetime in procuring them from the different quarters of the world, and waiting till they came into flower, the genera Genista, Cytisus, and Adenocarpiis are almost exclusively European, and might be collected in the course of one year ; while, in three years after the seeds were sown, the plants would in most cases come into flower. It is surprising, therefore, that some amateiu: of leisure does not undertake their arrangement. 3(i7. Cytisus racemosus. XXV. LEGUMINA CE^ : ADENOCA RPUS. 227 Genus VIII. ADENOCA'RPUS Dec. The Adenocarpus. Decandria. Lin. Syst. Monadelphia Identification. Dec. Fl. Fr. Supp., 549. ; L^g. Miiu., 6. ; Prod., 2. p. 1.58. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 157. Derivation. From aden, a gland, and karpoSt fruit ; in reference to the legumei; being beset with pedicellate glands. Gen. Char. Calyx obconical, usually beset with glands, bilabiate ; upper lip bi- partite, lower one longer and trifid. Carina obtuse, enclosing the. stamens and pistils. Stamens monadelphous. Legume oblong, compressed. (Don's Mill.) Leaves compound, trifoliolate, alternate, stipulate, deciduous. Flowers yellow in all the species. — Shrubs, straggling, of short duration, somewhat evergreen from the colour of their young shoots ; natives chiefly of Europe. Branches divergent; leaves trifoliolate, with petiolar stipules, and folded leaflets, and usually grouped ; flowers upon bracteolate pedicels, and disposed in terminal racemes. Culture as in Cytisus, from which genus most of the species have been separated. 1. A. hispa'nicus Dec. Identification. Dec. Fl. Fr. Suppl., .M9. p. 15a ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 168. SyTwnymes. C^tisus hispanicus Lam. Diet, 2. L'Herit. Stirp. 184.. N. Du Ham. 5. p. 149. The Spanish Adenocarpus. Leg. Mem., 6. ; Prod., 2. p. 248. ; C. anagjrius Our^. 368. Spec. Char., S^c. Calyx glandulose and villose ; lower hp with three equal segments, that are barely longer than the upper lip. Branchlets hairy. Flowers grouped. Standard rather glabrous. (Dec. Prod.) A hairy shrub. Spain and Portugal, in shady and moist places. Height 2 ft. to 4 ft. Introduced in 1816. Flowers yellow ; June and July. Legume dark brown, or black ; ripe in October. :^6S. A. hlBp&nicns. St 2. A. Boissiere/ Webb. Boissier's Adenicarpus. Identification. Webb's Iter Hisp., p. 52. ; Otia Hispan., p. 4. Synonymes. A. decdrticans 5ows. Not. sur F Abies PiTisapo, p. 9. ; Raca vieja, Span. Engravings. Otia Hispanica, t. 4. ; and our Jig. 369. Spec. Char., ^c. Arborescent. Bark scaly. Branches purplish, ash- clothed with soft hairy pubescence, and with numerous leaves, elongate, terete. Leaves with ad- pressed pubescence. Leaflets linear, with revolute margins, somewhat ob- tuse. Calyx villous, the lower lip somewhat longer than the upper. Vexillum pubescent at the apex and middle. Legumes elongate, obtuse, whitish, with purple glands. Seed greenish black. ( Webb, Otia Hispan.) A large deciduous shrub. Spain, in warm valleys of the mountains of Granada, 4500 ft. to 5000 ft. above the sea. Height 15 ft. to 20 ft. In- troduced ?. Flowers reddish yellow, fragrant; June and July. Legume whitish, covered with numerous pur- • pie glands ; ripe in August. a 2 coloured, Petioles ^f^S. Adeiiac&ifus BolsGlAn. 228 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. A most beautiful species when in flower ; but, when out of flower, of a gloomy ashy hue. The trunk is disfigured by the old ragged bark, whence the vernacular name. It is truly astonishing, Mr. Webb observes, that this splendid European plant, of almost arboreous stature, with spikes of flowers sometimes a foot in length, should so long have escaped detection. It closely resembles A. hispinicus, but, according to Mr. Webb, it is " very entirely distinct." Plants are, or soon will be, in the Milford Nursery. s 3. A. iNTERME^Dius Dec. The intermediate Adenocai'pus. Identification. Dec. Prod., 2. p. I5S. j Don's Mill., 2. p. 158. Synonyme. (?f tisus complicitus Brot. Ft. Lus. 2. p 92. Engravings. Clus. Hist, 1. p. 94. f. 1. ; and our fig. 370. Spec. Char., Sfc. Calyx pubescent ; pubescence glandu- lated ; the middle of the three segments of the lower lip of the calyx longer than the side ones, and than the upper lip. Branchlets rather villose. Flowers rather distant. Standard rather glabrous. {Dec. Prod.) A pubescent shrub. Native of sunny gravelly places in Portugal and Old Castile, and Mount Scuder, in Sicily, and of Mongiana, in the kingdom of Naples. Height 4 ft. Year of introduction unknown. Flowers yellow ; May to July. Legume black ; ripe in September. A very handsome species, and one that is much admired for its fine terminal spikes of flowers, which, in favour- able seasons, and in a dry soil, ripen abundance of seeds. a 4. A. parvifo'lihs Dec. The small-leaved Adenocarpus. Identification. Dec. Leg. Mem. 6., and Prod. 2. p. 158. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 158. Synonymes. C?tisus parvifijlius N. Du Ham. 5. p. 147., Lam. Did. 2. p. 248., exclusive of the synonymes ; C^tisus divaricatus L'Herit, Siirp. 184. ; Cytisus complic^tus Dec. Fl. Fr. No. 3821.; 5pirtium complicitum Lois. Ft. Gall. 441 Engravings. N. Du Ham., 5. t. 47. f. 1. ; and our fig. 371. Spec. Char., S^c. Calyx somewhat pubescent, with glandulous pubescence ; the central segment of the lower lip longer than the side segments, and much exceeding the upper lip in length. Branches glabrous. Flowers distant. Standard pubescent. (Dec. Prod.) An erect shrub, whitish from the down on its branches. Native of sunny heaths in the West of France. Height 2 ft. to 10 ft. Introduced in 1800. Flow- ers yellow ; May to July. Legume black ; ripe in October. J. 5. A. tblonb'nsis Dec. The Toulon Adenocarpus. Identification. Dec. Fl, Fr. Suppl. .54., Leg. Mem. 6., Prod. 2. p. 158. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 158. Synonymes. CJtisus telonensis Lois. Ft. Gall. 446., and in J^. Du Ham. 5. p. 155. ; SpSrtium com- plicatum Gouan Hort. Monsp. 356., exclusive of the synonyme. Engravings. N. Du Ham., 5, t 47. f. 2. ; and our fig. 372. Spec. Char., Sfc. Calyx not glandulose, pubescent ; the segments on the lower lip nearly equal, ex- ceeding a little the upper lip in length. Branches almost glabrous. Flowers distant. Standard pubescent. {Dec. Prod.) An erect shrub. Na- tive of sterile places and heaths in the Pyrenees, in Cevennes, in Provence, and in Rome. Height 2 ft. to 4 ft. Introduced in 1800. Flowers yel- low ; June and July. Legume dark brown, or black ; ripe in October. It well deserves a place in British gardens; where, when judiciously treated, it will, owing to the moisture of our climate, attain double the height that it does in the South of France. A.parrlf&liu 972. A. telon&uia. XXV. legumina^cejE : Ono^nis. Genus IX. •229 .mJ UNO^NIS L. The Restharrow. Lin. Si/st. Monadelphia Decandria. Identification. Lin. Gen., No. 863. ; Lam. lU., t 616. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 158. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 168. Synonymes. ^ndnis and Matrix Moench Meth. 157. and 158. ; Arrete-bceuf, or sometimes Bugrane, Fr. ; Hauhechel, Ger. Derivation. Said to be from oiwSf an ass ; because only asses would feed upon so prickly a plant. Restharrow is a corruption of arrest, that is, stop, harrow ; from the long and deeply seated roots opposing a serious impediment to the plough or harrow. Gen. Char. Calyx campanulate, 5-cleft, with linear segments. Vexillum large, striated. Stamens monadelphous, the tenth one sometimes almost free. Legume usually turgid, sessile, few-seeded. (Don's Mill.) Leaves trifoliolate, stipiJate, alternate, deciduous. Flowers yellow, pur- plish and red, or rarely white. — Shrubs, very low, suffruticose ; natives of Europe. Two species are hardy. The peduncle is, in many instances, furnished with an awn, which is the petiole of an abortive floral leaf. The two specimens here described are well adapted for rockwork or flower-borders, on account of their lively flowers, which are red, or reddish purple; colours not frequently met with in the lig- neous Leguminaceae, by far the greater part of which have yellow flowers. They are readily propagated by seeds or by division, and will grow in any soil that is tolerably dry. j» 1. O. FRUTico^sA L. The shrubby Restharrow. Identification. Lin. Sp., 1010. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 167. ; Don's Mill., 2 p. 160. Engravings. N. Du Ham., 1. 1. 58.; MilL Icon., t. 36. ; Bot. Mag.,t. 317 ; andouryig. 373. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves trifoliolate. Leaflets sessile, lanceolate, serrated. Stipules connate into one, sheath- ing, and 4-awned ; and, in the uppermost parts of the plant, occupying the places of leaves which are absent. Pedicels .S-flowered, disposed in a raceme. (Dec. Prod.) A low shrub. Alps of Dauphine, &c. Height 1 ft. to 4 ft. Introduced in 1680. Flowers purplish red ; May and June. Legume brown ; ripe in September. • Variety. j» O. f. 2 microphylla Dec, O. fruticosa Asso. — Leaflets small, obovate, and serrated. Native of the mountains of Aragon. j« 2. 0. rotundifo'lia L. The round-leaved Restharrow. Identification. Lin. Sp. ed. 1. p. 719., but not ed. 2. ; Dec. Prod.^ 2. p. 161. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 160 Synonymes. O. latifdlia Asso Syn. 97., Lin. Mant. t. 11. f. 1. ; Matrix rotimdii^lia Moench. Engravings. Jacq. Fl. Austr, Append., t. 49. j Bot. Mag., t. 395. ; and our fig. 374. Spec. Char., S^c. Leaves trifoliolate ; leaflets ovate, and toothed. Peduncles 3-flowered, and with- out bracteas. (Dec Prod.) A low shrub. Native of the Pyrenees, and the Alps. Height 1 ft. to 2h. Introduced in 1570. Flowers purplish red ; May to Sept. Legume brown ; ripe in October. Other Kinds of Ononis. — O. tribractedta Dec, a suffruticose plant with pink flowers, supposed to be a native of Carinthia, differs little from 0. ro- tundifdlia. Several other species are hardy, but not sufficiently ligneous for our purpose. a 3 37S. O. fhitic&M. S74. O. rotundif61ia. 230 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. Genus X. AMO'RPHA L. The Amorpha, or Bastard Indigo. Lin. Syst. Mona- delphia Decandiia. Identification. Lin. Oen., 369. i Lam. III., t. 621. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 256. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 234. Synonymes. Bonafidia Neck. Elem. No. 1364, ; Faux Indigo, Fr. ; Unform, Ger. ; Amorfa, Ital. Derivation. From a, privative, and mmyhe, form ; in reference to the deformity of the corolla, from the want of the wings and keel. Gen. Char. Calyx 5-toothed, obconically campanulate. Vexillum ovate, eon- cave. Wings and Keel wanting. Style filiform, straight, glabrous. Staviens exserted, monadelphous at the very base. Legume compressed, 1-celled, l_2.seeded. {Don's Mill.) Leaves compound, impari-pinnate, alternate, stipulate, deciduous ; stipules decidiioiiB. Flowers of a blue violet colour, in spicate racemes. Shrubs, large, deciduous ; natives of North America. Leaves having many pairs of leaflets that have transparent dots in their disks, and usually minute stipules at their base. The flowers are disposed in racemes, usually grouped at the tips of the branches. The species are highly ornamental on account of their leaves, and more especially of their long spikes of flowers ; which, though, when taken separately, they are small, and imperfect in regard to form, are yet rich from their number, and their colours of purple or violet, spangled with a golden yellow. The plants are not of long duration ; and are liable to be broken by wind; for which reason they ought always to be planted in a sheltered situation. They produce abundance of suckers, from which, and from cuttings of the root, they are very readily propagated. s^ 1. A. FfiUTico^sA Lin. The shrubby Amorpha, or Bastard Indigo. Identification. Lin. Sp., 1003. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 256. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 2,34. Synonymes. "Wild Indigo, Amer, j faux Indigo, Fr.^ Strauchartiger Unform, Ger. ; Indaco bastardo, Barba di Giove, Ital. Engravings. Schlcuhr Handb., t. 197, ; Bot. Reg., 427, ; and our^^, 37,5, Spec. Char., Sfc. Rather arborescent, somewhat villose or glabrous. Leaflets elliptic-oblong, the lowest distant from the base of the petiole. Calyx somewhat villose ; 4 of its teeth obtuse, 1 acuminate. The standard glandless. Legume few-seeded. {Dec. Prod.) An erect glabrous shrub. Carolina and Florida, on the banks of rivers. Height 9 ft. to ] 2 ft. Flowers very dark bluish purple ; June and July. Legume brown ; ripe Oct. Naked young wood greyish brown. Vai-ieties. sn A. f. 2 angustlfblia Pursh has the leaf lets linear-elliptic. as A.f. 3 emarginata Pursh has the leaflets notched, and the calyx hoary. St A. f. "t Lewisn Lodd. Cat., 1830, appears to have rather larger flowers and leaves than the species. * A. f. 5 casrulea Lodd. Cat., 1830, has the flowers of somewhat a paler blue. Perhaps only a variation of A. croceo-lanata. a 2. A. (f.) gla'bea Desf. The glabrous Amorpha, or Bastard Indigo. Identification. Desf, Cat, Hort. Par., 192. ; Dec, Prod,, 2, p, 266, ; Don's Mill,, 2, p. 234. Engraving. Our fig. 376. from a specimen in Dr. Lindley's herbarium. Spec. Char., S[c. Rather arborescent, glabrous. Leaflets elliptic-oblong, the Aini}T|]ha fruticosa. XXV. LEGUMINA CEJE : AMo'rPHA. 231 lowest distant from the base of the petiole. Calyx glabrous, four of its teeth obtuse, one acuminate. Standard glanded on the outside. Legume containing few seeds. {Dec. Prod.) A glabrous shrub. North America. Height 3 ft. to 6 ft. Introduced in 1810. Flowers bluish purple; July and August. Legume brown ; ripe in October. 376. A. (£) glabra. 377. A. (!;) nliiia. 378. A. (f.) frigrans. j« 3. A. (f.) na'na N'utt. The dwarf Amorpha, or Bastard Indigo. Identiflcttlion Nutt. in Fras. Cat., 1813. : Nov. Gen. Amer., 2. p. 91. ; Dec. Prod., 2, p. 266. ; Don's MiU., 2. p. 234. Synonyme. A. microph^Ua Pursh FI. Amer. Sept. 2. p. 466. Engravings. BoL Mag.. 2112. ; and our Jig. 377. Spec. Char., Sfc. Slirubby, dwarf, rather glabrous. Leaflets elliptical, mucro- nulate. Calyx glabrous, all its teeth setaceously acuminate. Legume 1- seeded. {Dec. Prod.) A low glabrous shrub. Native of herbage-covered hills near the Missouri. Height 1 ft. to 2 ft. Introduced 1811. Flowers purple, fragrant ; July and August. Legume brown ; ripe in October. a 4. A. (f.) fraVeans Sweet. The fragrant Amorpha, or Bastard Indigo. Identification. Swt. FI.-Gard., t. 241. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 234. Synonyme. A. nSna SiTm in Bot. Mag. t. 2112., but not of others. Engravings. Swt. FI.-Gard., t. 241.; Bot. Mag., t. 2112. ; and our fig. 378. Spec. Char., S^c. Shrubby, pubescent. Leaves with 6 — 8 pairs of elliptic- oblong mucronate leaflets, obtuse at both ends, young ones pubescent. Calyx pubescent, pedicellate; superior teeth obtuse, lower one acute. Style hairy. {Don's Mill.) A pubescent shrub. North America. Height 7ft. to 8 ft. Introduced in 1800. Flowers dark purple; June and July. Legume brown; ripe in September. S6 5. A. (f.) cro^ceo-lana'ta Wats. The Saffron-coloured-woolly Amorpha, or tawny Bastard Indigo, Identification. Wats. Dcnd. Brit. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 234. Engravings. "Wats. Dend. Brit, t. 139. ; and our fig. 379. Spec. Char., S/'C Plant clothed with tawny pu- bescence. Racemes branched. Leaves with 6 — 8 pairs of oblong-elliptic, mucronulate, downy leaflets ; the 3 upper teeth of calyx ; ovate, acute, the 2 lower ones very short, and rounded. {Don's Mill.) A pubescent shrub. North America. Height 3 ft. to 5 ft. Introd. 1820. Flowers purple or purplish 379. a. (f.) er6i;Bo.u«»ta. blue ; July and August. Legume dark brown, or brown ; ripe in October. 232 ARBOaETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. I 6. A. (f.) cane'soens Nutt. The canescent Amorpha, or Bastard Indigo. Identification. Nutt. in Fras. Cat., 1813, and Gon. Amer., 2. p. 92.; Pursh Fl. Amer. Sept., 2. p. 467. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 256. j Don's Mill., 2. p. 234. Synnnyme. ? A. pubescens Fursh 2. p. 467. Engraving. Our fig. 380. from Pursh's specimen in the Lambertian herbarium. Spec. Char., Sfc. Suffruticose, dwarf, all over whitely tomentose. Leaflets ovate-elliptic, mucronate, the lowest near the base of the petiole. Calyx tomen- to.se; its teeth ovate, acute, equal. Ovary 2- ovuled. Legume 1-seeded. {Dec. Prod.) A low tomentose shrub ; Louisiana, on the banks of the Missouri and the Mississippi. Height 3 ft. Introd. 1812. Flowers dark blue ; July and August. Le- gume brown ; ripe in October. 380. A. (f.) canesccns. Genus XL EYSENHA'RDT/^ H.etB. The Eysbnhakdtia. Decandria. Lin. Syst. Diadelphia Identification. H. B. et Kunth Nov. Gen.,Yi. p. 489.; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 257. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 234. Synonyme. Dalbergj'a Spreng. Syst. App. 263. Derivation. Named in honour of Charles WiUiam Eysenhardt, M.D., a professor in the University of Konigsberg, in Prussia. Gen. Char. Calyx obconically campanulate, 3-toothed ; upper teeth rather remote, lower one longest. Petals 5, disposed in a papilionaceous manner. Vexillum oblong, and the two keel petals distinct. Stamens diadelphous. {Bon's Mill.) Leaves compound, impari-pinnate, alternate, stipulate, deciduous ; beset with glands, i^/ower* in terminal racemes, white. — An unarmed shrub or low tree ; native of Mexico. a 1. E. AMORPHoi^DES H.et B. The Amorpha-like Eysenhardtia. Identification. H. B. et Kunth ; Dec. Prod., and Don's Mill. ; Hot. Reg. Chron., 1839, No. 55. Hynonyine. Dalbergia amorpholdes Spreng. Engravings. H. B. et Kunth, 6. t. 592. ; and our fig. 381 . Spec. Char., Sfc. An unarmed low tree or shrub, with impari-pinnate leaves, composed of many pairs of stipulate leaflets, and these are, as well as the calyxes, beset with glands. Racemes terminal, cylindrical, flowers white. {Don's Mill., ii. p. 234'.) A deciduous shrub or low tree. Mexico, on mountains. Height 6 ft. to 10 ft; in British gar- _ dens 4 ft. to 6 ft. Introduced in 1837. Flowers ^ white. Legume ?. This plant was raised in the Hort. Soc. Garden, and has proved quite hardy. The leaves are dis- tinctly marked with glandular dotting ; a very un- usual case among leguminous plants. The twigs are short, and so closely set upon the branches as to form a dense mass of foliage. Each is termi- nated by an erect compact spike, from 2 in. to 3 ill. long, of white or pale yellow flowers, '''■ 's»»'*-'"» '■"■"i">''«"»- which, although not larger than those of a spiraea, nevertheless, from their abundance, must produce a beautiful appearance. {Bot. Beg. XXV. LEGUMINA^CE^ : ROBi'nIA. 233 Genus XII. ROBI'N/^ Lin. The Robinia, or Locust Thee. Lin. St/si. Diadelphia Dec&ndria. Identification. Dec. M6ni. Leg., 6. ; Prod., 2. p. 261. j Don's Mill., 2. p. 237. Synonymes. Pseudac&cia Toum. Inst. t. 417., M. R. Hi'sPiDA Lin. The hispid Robinia, or Rose Acacia. Identification. Lin. Mant., 101. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 262. -, Don's Mill., 2. p. 238. Syvonymes. R. rbsea N. Du Ham. 1. t. 18. ; R. montSna Bartr. Voy. 2. p. 128.; ^schynomene hfspida Roxb. Engravings. Mill. Ic, t. 244. ; Bot. Mag., 311. ; and our.%. 384. Spec. Char., S;c. Spines wanting. Leaflets obovate. Branches and legumes hispid. Racemes loose ; the 3 lower teeth of the calyx acuminated. {Dec. Frod.) A shrub, or low tree. Carolina, in pine woods. Height 6 ft. to 20 ft. Introduced in 1738. Flowers large, dark rose-coloured ; June to October. Legume brown ; ripe in October and November. Naked young wood purpUsh brown, thickly beset with prickles. 384. Robfiit'a hispida. XXV. LEGUMINA^CE^ : cahaga'na. 237 Varieties. Jt R.h. ^ nana Dec. is a plant hardly a foot high, found in pine woods in Carolina. Si R. h. 3 rosea Pursh has the leaflets for the most part alternate, and the branches sinoothish. In its native habitats, on the high mountains of Virginia and Carolina, it grows, according to Pursh, to a con- siderable shrub , whereas the species is a low straggling plant. * -ff. A. 4 macrophylla Dec, R. grandiflora Hort., figured in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. v., has the leaflets large, and ovate-roundish; and the branches and peduncles glabrous, and without prickles. The species, and the different varieties, are shrubs or low trees, with tor- tuous and very brittle branches, and leaves and flowers nearly twice the size of those of RoMnJa Pseiid-j4cacia. They form singularly ornamental shrubs for gardens ; but, as standards or bushes, they can be only planted with safety in the most sheltered situations. When grafted standard high, and trained to a wire parasol-like frame, supported on a rod or post 6 or 8 feet high, few plants are equal to R. h. macrophylla in point of brilliant display. Genus XIII. n CARAGA^NA Lam. The Caragana, or Siberian Pea Tree. Lin. St/st. Diadelphia Decandria. Idmtificatim. Lam. Diet, 1. p.611. ; Dec.Prod., 2. p.268. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 243. Synonyme. RobSnia sp. h. '' Herivation. Caragan 16 the name of C. arborescens among the Mongol Tartars. Gen. Char. Calyx short, tubulous, 5-toothed. Corolla obtuse, straight ; the wings and vexillum about equal in length. Stamens diadelphous. Style glabrous. Stigma terminal, truncate. Legume sessile, young ones com- pressed, at length somewhat cylindrical and many-seeded, raucronate by the style. Seeds somewhat globose. {Don's Mill.) Leaves compound, abruptly pinnate, alternate, stipulate, deciduous ; stipules usually spinescent. Flowers mostly yellow. Trees or shrubs, natives of Siberia and of the East. Leaves with the leaflets mucronate, and the petioles either with a bristly or a spiny point ; their flowers axillary, each on a distinct pedicel, usually several together, pale yellow, except in C. jubata, in which they are white tinged with red ; their stipules usually become spines. They are all ornamental or curious, and of the easiest culture in any common soil ; propagated by cuttings of the roots or by seeds. The dwarf and pendulous-growing species, when grafted standard high on C. arborescens, form very singular trees. S \. C. arbore'scbns Lam. The arborescent Caragana, or Siberian Pea Tree. Identification. Lam. Diet., 1. p. 616. ; Dec. Prod., 2. o. 268. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 243. Synonymes. RobSniVi Carag&na Lin. Sp. 1044., N. Dn Ham. 2. 1. 19., Pall. Fl. Eoss. 1. 1. 42. ; Caragana sibfrica Ray ; fausse Acacie de SibSrie, Robinie de Siberie, Arbre aux Pois des Russes, Fr. J Sibirische Erbsenbaum, Get. ; Gorochoik, Russ. Engravings. N. Du Ham., 2. t 19. ; Pall. Fl. Ross., 1. 1 42., middle figure ; the plate £f this species in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., voL v. ; and out fig. 385. Spec. Char., SfC. Leaves with 4 — 6 pairs of oval-oblong villous leaflets. Petiole unarmed. Stipules spinescent. Pedicels in fascicles. {Don's Mill.) A low tree. Siberia, in woods, and upon the banks of rivers. Height 15ft. to 20ft. Introduced in 1752. Flowers yellow; April and May. Legume brown ; ripe in August. 238 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICE BRITANNICUJI. 38J C arboi^sceiu. Variety. 3f C. a. 2 inermis Hort. has the branches without spines. Plants in the Horti- cultural Society's Garden. Pallas informs us that upon the banks of rivers it grows to the height of 18 ft. or more ; but in arid places it is only a small shrub ; in the latter state forming, as we think, the varieties C. (a.) Altagdna, and C. (a.) microphjlla. C. arborescens forms an erect stiff tree, with numerous upright- growing branches. The flowers are axillary, one on a pedicel J the pods are oblong-taper, and each contains 3 or 4 seeds. The wood is hard, com- pact, and very tough ; yellow on the outside : and within, waved and striped with red, and with reddish brown. Ji 2. C. (a.) AltaGA^NA Poir. The Altagana Caragana, or Siberian Pea Tree. Identification. Poir, Sup., 2. p. 89. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 268. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 243. Synxmymes. Robfma Al~ tagina Pall. Fl. Ross. t. 42., L'Herit. Stirp. t. 76. ; Cara- gana raicrophyila Lam. Diet. 1. p. 615. Derivation. Altagana is the name of the shrub in Siberia. Engravings. Pall. Fl. Ross., t. 42., under the name of Ro- mua Altagdna; L'Herit. Stirp., t. 76. ; and.our.;%. 386. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves having 6 or 8 pairs oi glabrous, obovate-roundish, retuse leaflets. Pe- tiole unarmed. Stipules spinescent. Pedicels solitary. Legumes rather compressed. (Don's Mill.) A low shrub. Siberia, in arid plains. Height 3 ft. to 4 ft. Introd. 1789. Flowers yellow ; April to July. Legume brown ; ripe in September. Usually propagated by grafting on C. arborescens. 3. C. (a.) microphy'lla Dec. The small-leaved Caragana, or Siberian Pea Tree. Identification. Dec. Prod., 2. p. 268. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 243. Synonymes. Robinza microphylla Pall. Fl. Ross. t. 42., f. 1, 2.; Caragfina Altagdna var. Poir. Suppl. 2. p. 89. Engravings. Pall. Fl. Ross., t. 32. f. 1, 2., under the name of Robinia microphjlla ; and our.^. 387. Spec Char., Sfc. Leaves with 6 — 7 pairs of hoary retuse leaflets. Petioles and stipules rather spinescent at the apex. Root creep- ing. (Don's Mill.) A low shrub. Siberia, in the Desert of Baraba, and in other arid places. Height 2 ft. to 3 ft. Introduced in 1819. Flowers yellow ; April to June. Le- gume brown ; ripe in August. j« 4. C. (a.) Redo'wskj Dec. Redowski's Caragana, or Siberian Pea Tree. Identification. Dec. L^gum., t. 11. ; Don's Mill, 2. p. 243. Engraving. Dec. Legum., 1. 11. f. 45., in the seedling state. 'ipec. Char., Sfc. Leaves with two pairs of ovate, acute, smooth leaflets. Stipules spinose. Flowers yellow. (Don's Mill.) A low shrub. Siberia. Height 4 ft. to 5 ft. Introduced in 1820. Flowers yellow ; April and May! Legume brown ; ripe in August. 3S6. C. (a.f Aliag&na. 387. C. [a. I microphylla. XXV. LEGUMINA^CEiE: CARAGA^NA. 239 38S C. (a.) areuiria. It ripens seeds in Eng- Varkty. j» C. (A.) R. 2 pr^E'cox Fisch. only differs from C. Redowski in coming into flower earlier. The specimen in the Hort. Soc. Garden was in full leaf, and in flower, on April 30. 1836, when C. frutescens and C. arborescens had not a single leaf expanded. In general appearance and habit of growth, it resembles C. AUagatm, ol which it is probably only a variety. H. S. j« 5. C. (a.) arena^ria Donn and Sims. The Sand Caragana. Identification. Donn Hort. Cant.; Sims Bot. Mag.,t. 1886. Engravings. Sims Bot, Mag., t. 1886. ; and our jig. 388. Spec, Char., Sfc. Leaves with, usually, 4 or more pairs of obcordate leaflets. Pedicels usually twin, and shorter than the flowers. Stipules subulate. Flowers yellow. (Dan's Mill.) A low shrub. Siberia. Height 1 ft. to 2ft. Introd. 1802. Flowers yellow; April and May. Legume dark brown ; ripe in August. Probably only another variety of C. arborescens. land, bat is generally propagated by grafting. aife 6. C. frute'scens Dec. The shrubby Caragana. Identification. Dec. Prod., 2. p. 268. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 843. Synonymes. Roblnta frutescens Lin. Spec. 1044., Pall. Fl. Ross. t. 43. : C. digitSita Lam. Diet. 1. p. 616. . Engravings. Swt. Fl.-Gard., t. 227. ; PalL Fl. Ross., t. 43., as Eobinm frutescens ; and omfig. 389. Spec. Char., S[c. Leaves having 2 pairs of leaflets, which approximate near the top of the petiole : they are obo- vate-cuneated. Stipules membranous. Petiole furnished with a short spine at the apex. Pedicels solitary, twice the length of the calyx. Flowers yellow, resupinate. Leaves with a yellow hue. (Don's MUl.) A low shrub. Native of Russia, on the banks of the Wolga and other rivers. Height in open situations 5 ft. ; in woods and gardens 9 ft. to 10 ft. Introduced in 1752. Flowers yellow ; May. Legume brown ; ripe in August. Varieties. DeCandolle mentions two forms : — C. _/! 1 latifolia, which has gla- brous broadly obovate leaflets, and is frequent in gardens ; there being a subvariety, with 2-flowered peduncles ; and Si C. f. 2 anguslifblia, which has glabrous oblong cuneated leaflets, and is found near Odessa. A handsome shrub, sometimes grafted standard high on C. arborescens. M 7. C. (f.) mo'llis Sess. The soft Caragana. Identiftcatton. Bess. Ennm. PI. Volh., p. 29.; Don's Mill., 2. p. 243. Synonymes. Robinia m6llis Bieb. Fl. Taur. Svppl. 477. ; RoWnid tomen- tbsa Fisch. Hort. Gorenk. 1818 ; Caragana Irut^scens var. ni611is Bee. Prod. % p. 268. Engraving. Our Jig. 390. from a specimen in Dr. Lindley's herbarium. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves with 2 pairs of oblong, cuneated, approximate leaflets, near the tip of the petiole, clothed with soft hair. Petiole ending in a short spine. Pe- dicels solitary. Flowers yellow. (Dec. Prod.) A low Native of Tauria and Podolia. Height 2 ft. to 3 ft. Introduced in Flowers yellow ; April and May. Legume brown ; ripe in August. 390. C. (f.) ni Nuttall first characterised and named this genus, from the American species, which he denominated W. speci6sa ; but which DeCandolle has changed to W. frutescens. In DeCandoUe's Proitromus, and some other works, Wist^rm is erroneously spelled Wistferj'rt. Gen. Char. Calyx campanulate, somewhat bilabiate, upper lip with two short teeth, lower one with 3 subulate teeth. Corolla papilionaceous. Vexillum bicallose. Wings conforming to the keel, which is 2-edged. Stamens diadel- phous. Nectariferous tube girding the stipe of the ovary. Legume standing on a short stipe, coriaceous, 2-valved, l-celled, rather torulose at the seeds. (Don's Mill.) Leaves compound, opposite, exstipulate, deciduous ; impari-pinnate. Flowers bluish purple, in terminal and axillary racemes. — Shrubs, deciduous, twining; natives of North America and China; of vigorous growth, forming, when in flower, some of the most splendid ornaments of British gardens. The species are quite hardy, will grow in any soil, and are generally pro- pagated by layers of the young shoots, which will root at evei-y joint if laid down during summer as they grow. They may also be propagated by cuttings of the roots ; or by seeds. XXV. LEGUMINA^CE^ : GLEDi'tSCH/^. 249 410. WistArid fhit^cens* ^ 1. W. frute'scens Dec. The shrubby Wistaria. Identification. Dec. Prod., 2. p. 390.; Don's Mill., ^.p.S-IS. Synonymes. Glycine frutescens Lin. Sp. 1067. ; ^'pios fruti^scens PA. Fi. Am. Sept. 2. p. 474. ; An6nyinos frutescens Wait. Fl. Car. 186. ; WistJirm s^ecidsa Nutt. Gen. Amer. 2. p. 115. ; Thyrs&iithus fi-utescens Elliot Joum. Acad. Sci. Pbilad. ; Fhaseololdes Hort. Angt. 55. ; the Kidneybean Tree. Engravings. Bot. Mag., t 2103. ; aBd our^. 410. Spec. Char., ^c. Wings of the corolla each with two auricles. Ovary glabrous. Flow- ers odorous. (^Dec. Prod.) An elegant deciduous climber. Virginia, Carolina, and the Illinois, in boggy places. Stem 20 ft. to 30 ft. Introd. 1724. Flowers bluish purple, sweet-scented, the standard having a greenish yellow spot at the base; July to September. Legume brown ; ripe in October. It is readily propagated by cuttings of the root and by layers, and forms a very ornamental climber, especially when trained against a wall. J 2. W. chinb'nsis Dec. The Chinese Wistaria. Identification. Dec. Prod., 2. p. 390. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 348. Synom/mes. Glycine chineasis Bot. Mag. t. 2083. ; G. sinensis Bot. Reg. t 650. ; WistSria Con- sequ^a Loudon Card. Mag. vol. ii. p. 422., and Hort. Brit. Engravings. Swt. Brit. Fl.-Gard., t211. ; Bot. Mag., t. 2083. ; Bot. Reg., t. 660.; Bot. Cab., t 773. ; and out Jig. 41.1. Spec. Char., ^c. Wings of the corolla each with one auricle. Ovary villose. Flowers large. {Dec. Prod.) A vigorous-growing deciduous twiner. China. Stem 30 ft. to 120 ft. In- troduced in 1816. Flowers pale bluish purple; May and June, and sometimes producing a se- cond crop of flowers in August. Legume ?. The flowers are larger than those of W. fru- tescens : they are disposed in longer and looser racemes, and are somewhat paler in colour. On established plants they are produced in great abundance ; but they have not yet been succeeded by legumes in England. This plant may truly be considered the most magnificent of all our hardy deciduous climbers. It will grow wherever the common laburnum will flourish; but, as its flowers are somewhat more tender than those of that tree, they are more liable to be injured by frosts in very late springs. A plant in the Hort. Soc. Garden, against a wall, extends its branches above 100 ft. on each side of the main stem ; one at Coughton Hall covers 903 superficial feet of walling. 411. Wist^na diln&isis Sect. V. Cassie^^. Genus XX. GLEDI'TSCH/^ L. The Gleditschia. Lin. Syst. Polygamia DioeVia. Identificatton, Lin. Gen., 1169. ; Lam. 111., p. 867.; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 479. ; Don's Mill, 2, p. 428. Synmymet. At&aa. sp. Phik. ; Flvler, Fr. ; Gleditschie, Ger. ; Gleditsia, Ital. 250 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. Derivation. In honour of GoUlieb Glediisch, of Leipsic, once a professor at Berlin, and defender of Linnffius against Siegesbeck ; autlior of Methodus Fungorum (1763), Stjstema Flantarum a Stami- numsitu (1764), and many other smaller works. Gen. Char. Flowers unisexual from abortion, or hermaphrodite. Calyx of 3 — 4—5 equal sepals, which are connected together at the base into a cu- pule. Petals equal in number to the sepals, rising from the tube of the calyx. Stamens equal in number to the sepals. Style short. Stigma pu- • bescent above. Legume continuous, furnished with more or less pulp. Seeds compressed. (DorCs Mill.) Leaves compound, abruptly pinnate, and bipinnate, on the same tree ; or, rarely, by the coalition of the leaflets, almost simple, alternate, stipulate, aeciduous. Flowers greenish, in spikes. — Trees, deciduous, of the 1st, 2d, and 3d ranks ; natives of North America or China. Branchlets supra- axillary, and often converted into branched spines. Decaying leaves yellow. Naked young wood purplish or brownish green. The species are of easy culture in good free soil ; and, in Britain, generally propagated by imported seeds, or grafting. The species appear to be in a state of great confusion in British gardens; and, judging from the trees in the Hort. Soc. Garden, and in the arboretum of Messrs. Loddiges, we should conjecture that there are, probably, not more than two species, the American and the Chinese. The Chinese species is distinguished by its trunk being more spiny than its branches. t 1. G. tbiaca'nthos Lin. The three-thorned Gleditschia, or Honey Locust. Identification. Lin. Sp., 1609. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 479. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 428. Synonymes. G. triac^nthos var. a, polysperma Mart. Mill. ; G. meliloba Walt. ; G. spinhsa Du Ham. ; ^ckcia triac&nthos Hort. ; j^cacia americana Pluk. ; Fevier d'Amerique, Fr. ; Fava ame- ricana, Ilal. ; Thorny Acacia, Sweet Locust, United States ; Carouge S JMiel, Canada. Engravings. Michx. fll. Arb., 2. p. 164. 1. 10. ; Wats. Dend. Brit., t 138. ; the plates of this species in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. v. ; and our j^. 412. Spec. Char., S^c. Spines simple or trifid ; stout, at the very base compressed, in the up[)er part cylindrical, but tapered. Leaflets linear-oblong. Legumes flattish, rather crooked, many-seeded, and more than ten times as long as broad. {Dec. Prod.) A large tree. Carolina and Virginia. Height 30 ft. to 80 ft. Introduced in 1700. Flowers greenish ; June and July. Legume brown ; ripe in October. Decaying leaves yellow. Naked young wood purpUsh brown. t G.t.% inermis Dec, G. las Vis Hort. (Dec. Leg. Mem., 2. t. 22. fig. 109. ; Catesb. Carol., I. t, 43.; Pluk. Aim., t. 123. fig. 3. ; and the plates of this variety in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. v.), has the stem and branches not spiny, or but very sparingly so. t G. t. ^ brachycarpa, G. brachycarpa Pursh, G. triacanthos var. /3 Michx. — Leaflets oblong obtuse. Spines thick, short, not rarely 3 together. Legumes oblong, short. The trunk and branches, when the tree is young, are covered with large prickles, which, though they are not ligneous, become hard, and remain on for several years, and offer a formidable defence. These prickles are not only produced by the young wood, but occasionally protrude themselves from the trunk, even when the tree is of considerable bulk and age. In general, the trunk presents a twisted appearance, and the branches proceed from it rather horizontally than in an upright direction. The pinnated foliage is particularly elegant, and of an agreeable light shining green : it appears late in spring, the trees in the neighbourhood of London sometimes not being fully clothed till the middle or end of June; and it begins to turn yellow, and drop off, early in autumn. The flowers are inconspicuous ', the male flowers being in the form of catkin-like racemes of nearly the same colour as the leaves. Some trees in the grounds at Syon have ripened seeds, the pods containing which, being 1 ft. to 2 ft. in length, and remaining on the trees after the leaves are off, have a singular appearance. These crooked pendulous pods are of a reddish XXV. lequmina'cEjE : gledi'tsch/^. 251 412. Gleditschifj tiiac4iIthos. brown colour ; they contain hard, smooth, brown seeds, enveloped in a pulpy substance, which, for about a month after the maturity of the seeds, is very sweet, but after a few weeks becomes extremely sour. The rate of growth of this tree, for the first 15 or 20 years, is generally about the average of a foot a year ; but in favourable situations it will grow at double that rate. In the garden of the Hort. Soc, and in the arboretum of the Messrs. Lod- diges, plants 10 years planted were, in 1835, from 20 ft. to 25 ft. in height. The wood of this tree, when dry, weighs at the rate of 52 lb. the cubic foot : it is very hard, and splits with great facility, resembling in this and other re- spects the wood of the robinia ; but its grain is coarser, and its pores more open. In Britain, this, and all the kinds of the genus, can only be considered as ornamental trees ; but in that character they hold the first rank ; their de- licate acacia-like foliage, and the singularly varied, graceful, and picturesque forms assumed by the tree, more especially when young or middle-aged, to- gether with the singular feature afforded by its spines, will always recommend it in ornamental plantations. It requires a deep, rich, free soil, ^nd a situation not exposed to high winds ; and it requires the South of England or France to ripen the seeds. The species is always propagated by seeds imported from America, or from France or Italy. The plants are best transplanted to where they are finally to remain when quite young ; as they make but few fibrous roots, and these take, for the most part, a descending direction. The variety G. t. inermis can only be insured by grafting on the species. In general, how- ever, abundance of plants without spines may be selected from beds of seed- lings of G. triacanthos. t 2. G. (t.) monospe'rma Walt. The one-seeded Gleditschia, or Water Locust. Identijication. Walt. Car., 254. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 479. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 428. Synonymes. G. carolineDsU Lam. Diet. 2. p. 464. ; G. aqu&tica Marsh. ; G. triaciintha G(Ert. Fruct. 2. p. 149. Engravings. Mill. Icon., 5. ; and o\xr Jig. 413. ; in which the male flower, the pod, and the seed, are of the natural size. Spec. Char., Sfc. Spines slender, not rarely trifid, few. Leaflets ovate-oblong, acute. Legumes flattish, roundish, 1-seeded. (Dec. Prod.) A tree of the largest size. Native of Carolina, Florida, and the Illinois, in moist woods. Height 60ft. to 80ft. Introduced in 1723. Flowers greenish; June and July. Legume not seen in England. Closely resembles the honey locust, from which, in England, where neither of them ripens seeds, it is almost impossible to distinguish it. The bark. 252 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. 413. Gleditgchia (t.) monosp&mZ' though smooth when the tree is young, yet cracks and scales off when the tree grows old, as in G. triacan- thos. The leaves, Michaux says, differ from those of G. triacanthos, in being a little smaller in all their pro- portions. The branches are armed with thorns, which are also less nu- merous, and somewhat smaller than those of G. triacanthos. The tree is treated in all respects like G. tria- canthos ; of which it has, till lately, been considered only a variety. It is raised in the nurseries from im- ported seed ; but whether the plants really turn out perfectly distinct, with respect to the form of their fniit, is uncertain ; from their not having yet, as far as we know, fruited in England . ft 3. G. sine'nsis Lain. The Chinese Gleditschia. Idenlification. Lam. Diet., 2. p. 466. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 479. i Don's Mill., 2. p. 428. Synonymes. G. Ii6rrida WilU. Sp. 4, p. 1098. ; Fe- vier de la Chine, Fr. Engravings. Dec. Legum. Mem., 1. 1. 1. ; the plate of this species in Arb. Brit., 1st edit,, vol. v. Spec. Char., Sfc. Spines stout, conical ; those on the branches simple or branched ; those on the stem grouped and branched. The leaflets ovate- elliptical, obtuse. Legumes compressed, long. The spines in this species are axillary, not distant from the axil. (Dec. Prod.) A middle-sized tree. China. , Height 30 ft. to 50 ft. Introduced in _;J 1774. Flowers greenish ; June and "^ July. Legume not seen in England. Varieties. V G. s. 2 inermis N. Du Ham., G. japonica Lodd. Cat., G. javanica Lam. (see the plate of this tree in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. v.; and our fig. 414.), differs from G. sinensis in being without spines, of much less vigorous growth, and in having the foliage of a much deeper green. It seems a very desirable variety for small gardens. ¥ G. i. 3 major Hort., G. horrida major Lodd. Cat., seems scarcely to differ from the species. t G. s. i! nana Hort., G. h. nana in Hort. Soc. Gard. (see the plate of this tree in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. v. ; and our fig 413.), is a tree of somewhat lower growth than the species, but scarcely, as it appears to us, worth keeping distinct. ¥ G. s. 5 purpurea Hort., G. h. purpiirea Lodd. Cat. (see the plate in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. v. ; and our fig. 416.), is a small tree of compact upright growth, very suitable for gardens of limited extent. Other Varieties of G. sinensis. — In Loddiges's arboretum there is a plant 414. Gleditscliia s. in^rmic. XXV. legumina'cejE : gledi'tsch/^. 253 415. Oleditschia s. n&na marked G. chinensis (Potts), which was im- ported from China by the Hort. Soc. It is, at present, a low bush, and may, perhaps, prove something distinct. There were also, in 1835, in the Hort. Soc. Garden, some plants without names, appa- rently belonging to this speciesj but, as we have already observed, the ^ genus is in great con- fusion, and nothing perfectly satisfactory can be stated respect- ing it. The spines, which are very strong and branchy, are more abundant on the trunk than on the branches, and • are fre- quently found in bundles. 416. Gleditachfd s. purpiitea. 254 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. The leaves are blpinnate, and thfl leaflets are elliptic obtuse, notched on the edges, smooth, shining, and much larger than those of any other species. {Desf. Arb., ii. p. 248.) The pods are rarely above 6 in. long. The tree stands the cold better than the honey locust, and has ripened its fruit in Paris, in the Jardin des Plantes, and in the nursery of M. Cels. (JOict. des Eaiuc et des Forets, vol. ii. p. 150.) t 4. G. (s.) macraca'ntha Desf. The long-spined Gleditschia. Jdentijication. Desf. Arb., 2. p. 246. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 428. Synonymes. G. fdrox Baudr. ; Fevier ^ grosses E'pines, Fr. Engraving. The plate of this species in Arb. Brit, 1st edit., io\, y. Spec. Char., !fc. Prickles strong, branchy, numerous. Leaflets lanceolate, somewhat rigid, notched, dentated. Pods elongated. {Desf. Arb.) A middle-sized tree, vifith a prickly trunk. China ?. Height 40 ft. to 30 ft. Flowers greenish ; June and July The prickles are axillary and large. The leaves are twice winged; the leaflets large, coriaceous, dark green, and shining on the upper surface. The young shoots are covered with extremely short hairs, and are of a purplish brown colour. On the whole, it bears a close resemblance to G. sinensis, of which it is, probably, only a variety. It is very hardy ; and Desfontaines says that it fruits freely in France. The fruit ripens in the autumn ; and the pods are long, pendulous, swelled, and rather cylindrical. They are filled with a sharp acrid pulp, somewhat resembling that of tamarinds, but the emanations from which, when inhaled, occasion sneezing. i 5. G. (s.) FE^ROX Desf. The tevooious-prickled Gleditschia. Identification. Desf. Arb., 2. p. 247. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 423. Synonymes. G. orientalis Base: Fevier b(5risse, Fr. Engraving. OurJ^. . in p. Spec. Char., S(c. Prickles large, robust, much compressed, trifid. Leaflets lanceolate, notched. {Desf- Arb.) A middle-sized branching deciduous tree, the trunk of which is thickly beset with strong branchy prickles, and which is supposed to grow from 30 ft. to 50 ft. in height ; but of which the native country, and year of introduction into Britain, are unknown. Judging from the plants in the Hort. Soc. Garden, and those in the arboretum of iMessrs. Loddiges, we should say it was only a variety of G. sinensis; though Desfontaines states the foliage and habit of growth to be somewhat different. It has not yet flowered in Europe. S 6. G. ca'spiga Desf. The Caspian Gleditschia. Identification. Desf. Arb., 2. p. 247. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 428.- SjlTtonyme. G. caspi^iia.ffojC. Engraving OMr Jig. 417. Spec. Char., Sfc. Prickles slender, trifid, compressed. Leaflets elliptic-lanceolate, obtuse. (Desf. Arb.) A middle-sized tree Persia, and found also near the Cas- pian Sea. HeightSOft. to 40 ft. Introduced in 1822. Nothing is known of its flowers and fruit ; but it strongly resembles G. sinensis (of which it is, probably, only a variety) in its leaves, general appearance, and habit. Vaiiett/. ■•"■ o-'>4«p>ca- t G.c. 2 subvirSseem Hort., Fevier verdatre, Fr., is mentioned in the Hon Jardinier for 1836, as a variety of this species. Other SorU of Gleditschia. — Every modification of the species of this genus IS so interesting, both in point of the elegance of its fohage.and the singularity of Its prickles, that new varieties have been eagerly sought after by cultivators ; and the genus seems particularly favourable to this desire, from the tendency of seedling plants to sport. Hence there are several names in collections, of XXV. LEGUMINACEA GYMNO'cLADUS. 255 which it is tliiEcult to say any thing satisfactory in the present young and im- mature state of the plants. In the Hort. Soc. Garden, there were in 1837 G. miciacantha, G. Eoqui, and G. pm^ox ; and in Messrs. Loddiges's arbo- retum were plants marked G. agudtica, which are evidently the same as G. raonosperma, G. orientdlis, evidently G. ferox, G. chinensis (already mentioned) ; and some j oung plants without names. Genus XXL GYMNO'CLADUS Lam. Thk Gymnocladus. im. Si/st. Dioe'cia Decandria. Identification. Lam. Diet., 1. p. 733. j 111., t. 823. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 479. Derivation. Vrom gvmnos, naked, and Warfos, a branch ; from the naked appearance of the branches during winter, when they seem, unless perhaps at the points of the shoots, totally devoid of buds. Gen. Char. Flowers dioecious from abortion. Calyx tubular, 5-cleft. Fetals o, equal, oblong, exserted from the tube. Stamens JO, enclosed. Legume oblong, thick, filled with pulp inside. (Don's Mill.) Leaves compound, alternate, stipulate, deciduous ; bipinnate. Flowers in terminal racemes, white. — A tree, deciduous, with upright Dranches and inconspicuous buds ; native of North America. ¥ 1. G. canadb'nsis Lam. The Canada Gymnocladus, or Kentucky Coffee Tree. Idenuyication. Lam. Diet., 1. p. 733., and 111., c. 823.; Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer., 2. p. 241.; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 480. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 429. Synonymes. Guilandina dioica Lin. Sp. 546. ; Hyperanth&ra dioica Vafil Symb. 1. p. 31., Dith. Arb. 1. t. 103. ; Nicker Tree, Stump Tree, United States ; Bonduc, Chiquier, Fr. ; Chicot, Ca- nadian ; Canadischer Schusserbaum, Ger. Engravings. Reich. Mag., t. 40. ; Dub.' Arb., 1. 103. ; our plates of this tree in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. V. ; and our Jig. 418. Spec. Char., S(c. Branches blunt at the tip, bipinnate leaves, flowers in ra- cemes, and whitish petals. The leaf has 4—7 pinnae ; the lower of which consist each of but a single leaflet, the rest each of 6 — 8 pairs of leaflets. (Dec Prod.) A singular tree. Canada. Height 30 ft. to 60 ft. Introduced in 1748. Flowers white; May to July. Decaying leaves yellow. Naked young wood of a mealy white, without any appearance of buds. The branches have almost always an upright direction ; and the appearance of the head, in the winter season, is remarkable, from being fastigiate, and from the points of the branches being few, and thick and blunt, as compared with those of almost every other tree. They are also wholly without the ap- pearance of buds ; and this latter circumstance, connected with the former, gives the tree, during winter, the appearance of being dead ; and hence the Canadian name of chicot, or stump tree. The leaves, on young thriving trees, are 3 ft. long, and 20 in. wide ; but, on trees nearly full grown, they are not half that size. The leaflets are of a dull bluish green, and the branches of the petioles are somewhat of a violet colour. It is very hardy, and flowers freely in the neighbourhood of London, but does not produce pods. The wood is hard, compact, strong, tough, and of a fine rose colour. In America, it is used both in cabinet-making and carpentry, and, like the wood of the robinia, it has the remarkable property of rapidly converting its sap-wood into heart-wood; so that a trunk 6 in. in diameter has not more than six lines of sap-wood, and may, consequently, be almost entirely employed for useful pur- poses. The seeds were, at one time, roasted and ground as a substitute for cofiee in Kentucky and Tennessee; but their use in this way has been long since discontinued. The pods, preserved like those of the tamarind (to which £256 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. 41S> Gynmbcladus canadensis. this genus is nearly allied), are said to be wholesome, and slightly aperient. In Britain, the only use of the tree is for ornamental purposes ; and, con- sidered as an object of curiosity and beauty, no collection ought to be without it. A rich, deep, free soil is essential to the thriving of this tree; and such a soil is never met with naturally in exposed situations. The tree is generally propagated by imported seeds; but it will grow freely from cuttings of the roots, care being taken in planting to keep that end upwards which is na- turally so. Genus XXII. CE'RCIS L. The Judas Tree. Lin. St/st. Decandria Monogynia. Identification. Lin. Gen., No. 610. ; Dec. Prod,, 2. p. 518. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 463. Synonymes, SiliquSstrum Taurn. Inst. t. 414., Mcench Meth. ; Gainier, Fr. ; Judasbaura, Ger. ; Albero de Giuda, Ital. Derivation. From kerkis, a shuttlecock, the name given by Theophrastus to this tree. Gen. Char. Calyx urceolate at the base and gibbous, bluntly 5-toothed at the apex. Petals 5, unguiculate, all distinct, disposed in a papilionaceous manner ; the wings or side petals the largest. Stamens 10, free, unequal. Ovary on a short stipe. Legume oblong, slender, compressed, 1-celled, many-seeded, somewhat winged on the seminiferous suture. Seeds obovate. (Don's Mill.) XXV, LEGUMINA^CE^ : CE'rCIS. 257 Leaves simple, alternate, stipulate, deciduous ; heart-shaped at the base, many-nerved, rising after the flowers have decayed. Flowers in 1-flowered pedicels, rising from the trunk and branches in fascicles. — Trees, deciduous, of the third rank ; natives of Europe, or North America. Decaying leaves yellowish purple. Propagated by seeds or grafting. f 1. C. jSiuqua'strum L. The comvion Judas Tree Idmtificattm. Lin. Sp., 634. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 618. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 463. Synonymes, 5iliqu&strum orbiculStum Mocnch Meth. j Love Tree ; Gainier comniun, Arore de Judee, Fr. ; Arbol d'Amor, Span. ; Judasbaura, Ger, Ertgravings. N. Du Ham., t. 7. ; Bot. Mag., t. U38. ; the plates of this species in Arb. Brit., Ist edit, vol. V. ; and our Jig. 419. Spec. Char., %c. Leaves very obtuse, and wholly glabrous. {Dec. Prod.) A low tree. South of Europe, in Greece, in Asiatic Turkey, and more es- pecially in Judea. Height 20 ft. to 30 ft. Introduced in 1596. Flowers purplish pink ; May. Legume brown ; ripe in September. Naked young wood purplish, with small white spots. Variettes. St C. S. 2 parmflbrum Dec. — A shi-ub ; its branches spotted with white, its flowers smaller by half than those of the species. A native of Bokhara. t C. S. Sflore dlbido. — Flowers whitish. H. S. 1* C. S. 4 rosea. — A seedling, raised from foreign seeds, which has flowered in the Botanic Garden at Kew ; has numerous flowers, which are brighter, and a shade darker, than those of the species ; and they also appear about a fortnight later; but it is, perhaps, hardly worth noticing as a variety. 419. C6rcis ifiliquiistrura ■ The common Judas tree, in the South of Europe, forms a handsome low tree, with a flat spreading head, in the form of a parasol ; and it is a singularly 258 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. beautiful object in spring, especially when it is covered with its numerous bright purplish pink flowers, which appear before the leaves, and are produced not only from the young wood, but from wood of 6 or 8 years growth, and even from the trunk. The leaves are not liable to be attacked by insects. The flowers are succeeded by flat, thin, brown pods, nearly 6 in. in length, which remain on the tree all the year, and give it a very singular appearance in the winter season. The rate of growth is about 18 in. a year, for the first 10 years. The wood is very hard, and agreeably veined, or rather blotched or waved, with black, green, and yellow spots, on a grey ground. It takes a beautiful polish, and weighs nearly 48 lb. to the cubic foot. The flowers, which have an agreeable acid taste, are mixed with salads, or fried with batter, as fritters ; and the flower-buds are pickled in vinegar. In British gardens, the tree grows about the same height, and flowers about the same time, as the laburnum, the Guelder rose, and the hawthorn, and enters into beautiful combination with these and other trees. The foliage is hardly less beautiful and remarkable than the flowers ; the leaves being of a pale bluish green on the upper surface ; and of a sea-green underneath, and of a cordate reniform shape, apparently con- sisting of two leaflets joined together ; which circumstance, combined with others, brings the genus in close alliance with that of Bauhiniw. Like most of the Leguminacese, this tree prefers a deep, free, sandy soil, rich rather than poor; and it will only thrive, and become a handsome tree, in sheltered situa- tions. In the northern parts of the island, it requires to be planted against a wall; and few ornamental trees better deserve such a situation. The species is propagated by seeds, and the varieties by grafting. The seeds are sown on heat early in spring, and come up the same season ; and the plants will produce flowers in three or four years. S 2. C. canade'nsis L. The Canada Judas Tree. Identificalion. Lin. Sp., 534. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. .518. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 463. Synonymes. Siliquistrum cord^tum Moench Meth. ; red Bird Tree, Amsr. ; Gainier de Canada, Bouton rouge, Fr. Engravings. Mill. Icon., t. 2. ; the plate of this species in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. v. ; and our fig. 420. 410. CircM canad^nsii XXVI. bosa^cejE. 259 Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves acuminate, villose beneath at the axils of the veins, As compared with C. 5iliquastrum, its flowers are of a paler rose colour, the legume is on a longer pedicel, and tipped with a longer style. A low tree. Canada to Virginia. (i)ec. Prorf.) Height 10 ft. to 20 ft. I'ntrod. 17.30. Flowers red ; May and June. ; Legume brown ; ripe in August. Vaiiety. ¥ C. c. pubescens Ph. — Leaves pubescent on the under sui'face. (Dec.') This tree bears a. general resemblance to the preceding species ; but it is more slender and smaller in all its parts ; and it seldom rises higher than 20 feet. It is at once distinguished from C. Siliquastrum by its leaves being heart-shaped and pointed ; they are also much thinner, more veined, and of a lighter green ; and the flowers are generally produced in smaller numbers than in the other species. The flowers are used by the French Canadians in salads and pickles, and the young branches to dye wool of a nankeen colour. The wood resembles that of the other species. Propagated by imported seeds, and considered more tender than C. 5iliquastrnm. Order XXVI. iZOSA'CE^. The term iJosaceae has been applied to this order, because all the species belonging to it agree more or less with the genus i?6sa, in essential charac- ters. It includes many genera belonging to the Linnsean class Icosdndria. Ord. Char. Flowers regular. Calyx, in most cases, with 5 lobes, the odd one posterior to the axis of inflorescence. Petals and stamens arising from the calyx. Stamens, for the most part, numerous. Ovaries many, several, or solitary ; each of one cell that includes, in most cases, 1 ovule ; in some, 1 to many ovules. Style lateral or terminal. Leaves simple, or pinnately divided, alternate, in nearly all stipulate. Flowers showy, with numerous stamens. Fruit, in many of the genera, edible. — Trees and shrubs, mostly deciduous; natives of Europe, Asia, anil America. The ligneous species which constitute this order include the finest flower- ing shrub in the world, the rose; and the trees which produce the most useful and agreeable fruits of temperate climates, viz. the apple, the pear, the plum, the cherry, the apricot, the peach, and the nectarine. The plants are, for the most part, deciduous low trees or shrubs, all producing flowers more or less showy ; and the greater number fruits which are edible. They are chiefly natives of Europe and Asia ; but several of them are also found in North America, and some in South America, and the North of Africa. The fruit-bearing species, and the rose, have followed man from the earliest period of civilisation, and are, perhaps, better known to mankind in general than any other ligneous plants. The medical properties of several of the species are remarkable, from the circumstance of their yielding the prussic acid ; while others produce a gum nearly allied to the gum Arabic, which indicates a degree of affinity between this order and Leguminacea;. The bai'k of some species, as of Cerasus virginiana, is used, in North America, as a febrifuge ; and that of others, as the capollin cherry (Cerasus Capollin), for tannmg, in Mexico. The leaves of Cratas'gus Oxyacantha, Prunus spinosa, Cerasus sylveslris, and Rosa, rubiginosa, have been used as a substitute for tea, or for adulterating tea. The leaves and bark of the spirseas are said to be at once astringent and emetic. There are two characteristics of this order, with reference to its cultivation, which are of great importance to the gardener : the first is, the liability of almost all the species to sport, and produce varieties differing, in many cases, more from one another, than they differ from other species ; and the second is, that they are remarkably subject to s 2 260 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. the attacks of insects and diseases. Tliey almost ail require a free loamy soil, not overcharged with moisture, and rich rather than poor ; and, while all the species are increased by seeds, which, for the most part, are produced freely in Britain, or by cuttings of the roots, almost all the varieties are best increased by grafting or budding ; and not, as in some other orders, with equal ease by cuttings of the shoots, or by layers. With reference to landscape-gardening, all the rosaceous trees have three properties which deserve to be kept constantly in view by the improver of grounds: 1st, they never attain a large size; 2d, they attain their natural size and shape in a very few years, in good soil not requiring more than from 10 to 20 years ; and 3d, they sooner take the character of old trees than the trees of any other natural order of ligneous plants. A few exceptions may be taken from different orders, such as the common field maple, the common laburnum, &c. ; but we know of no natural order, in which, like the TJosacese, all the trees are low or middle-sized, and all take the character of age while comparatively young. Hence their value in laying out small places, where the object is to make a new place appear old, or a small place appear large, and at the same time to combine character of form with beautiful blossoms in spring, -and showy (Cratas'gus, Cotoneaster, and Amelanchier) or useful (Pjrus and Priinus) fruit in autumn. The genera are included by DeCandolIe and G. Don in five tribes ; and the following are their names and distinctions : — Sect. I. AiYGDA^LEa: Jms. Sect. Char. Fruit a drupe ; the nut 2-ovuled, 1 — 2-seeded. Style terminal. Calyx deciduous. Leaves feather-nerved, undivided, serrate, with the lower serratures or the petioles glanded. Stipules not attached to the petiole. Kernel containing more or less of hydrocyanic acid : chiefly fruit trees. .^my'gdalus Toum. Covering of nut not fleshy ; nut even, or perforated Young leaves folded flatwise. Flowers almost sessile, solitary or twin, protruded before the leaves. Fe'rsioa Toum. Covering of nut very fleshy ; nut wrinkled. The charac- ters of the other parts described under Jmygdalus are the same in Persica. j4rmeni'aoa Town. Covering of nut fleshy ; nut furrowed at both edges, in the other parts even. Young leaves with their edges rolled inwards. Flowers almost sessile, solitary or a few together, protruded before the leaves. Pru^nus Toum. Covering of nut fleshy ; nut indistinctly furrowed at the edges, in the other parts even. Young leaves with the edges rolled inwards. Flowers upon pedicels, in groups resembling umbels, and produced before or after the leaves. Ce'rasus Juss. Nut subglobose, even, its covei'ing fleshy. Young leaves folded flatwise. Flowers upon pedicels, either in groups resembling umbels, and produced before the leaves, or in racemes terminal to the shoots, pro- truded along with them. Sect. II. iSpir^e^^ Dec. Sect, Char. Fruit of 5, or fewer, capsular carpels, which are distinct from the calyx (which is persistent in iSpirse^a, and, perhaps, in the other genera), and, in most cases, from each other : each contains 1 — 6 seeds. Style terminal. Low deciduous shrubs. Pu'rsh/4 Dec. Stamens about 20. Carpels 1 — 2, ovate-oblong. Ke'RiiW Dec. Stamens about 20. Carpels 5 — 8, distinct. (SpiR^V L. Stamens 10 — 50. Carpels 1 to several, distinct ; stipitate ; each includes 2 — 6 seeds, affixed to the inner suture. Sect. III. Potenti'lle^ Jiiss. (Synon. Dryadeae Vent.) Sect. Char. Fruit an aggregation of carpels; their integuments dry or XXVI. bosaVe^ : ^my'gdalus. 261 succulent ; the carpels distinct from one another, and from the calyx, which is persistent, and surrounds them, and, in many, is subtended by as many bracteas as it has lobes ; the bracteas alternate with the lobes. Style proceeding from a little below the tip of the carpel. Leaves, in most cases, pinnately divided. Stipules attached to the petiole. Shrubs bearing fruit, or ornamental. Rv^BXJS L. Integuments of carpels juicy. Potbnti'lla Nestl, Integuments of carpels dry. Sect. IV. iZo'sEa; Dec. Sect. Char. Fruit a hip ; that is, with the tube of the calyx fleshy, of a pitcher shape, contracted at the mouth ; and including an aggregation of carpels attached to its inner face. Style proceeding from the inner side of the carpel. Shrubs eminently ornamental. Eo^SA TouT-n. Leaf impari-pinnate. Stipules attached to the petiole. Prickles simple. LoVe^ Lindl. Leaf simple. Stipules none. Prickles usually compound. Sect. V. Po'me^ Lindt. Sect. Char. Fruit a pome ; that is, with the tube of the calyx become very fleshy, and including, and connate with, the carpels. Carpels normally 5, with gristly or bony walls, including 1 — 2 seeds ; in Cydonia, several. Habit spiny or not ; leaves, in most cases, undivided, in some pinnate. Stipules not connate with the petiole. Ornamental low trees, or large shrubs, with showy flowers, in some genera spiny, and in others bearing some of our best hardy kitchen and dessert fruits. CRATiE^GUS Lindl. Carpels 1 — 5 prismatic nuts with bony shells, each in- cluding 1 seed. Leaves angled or toothed ; in most cases deciduous. Flowers in terminal corymbs. Spiny shrubs or low trees. Photi'nia Lindl. Carpels 2. Petals reflexed. Evergreen. Flowers in ter- minal panicles. Leaves simple, leathery, serrated or entire. In P. integri- foUa the ovaries are 3, and each includes 2 ovules. Cotonea'ster Medik. Carpels 2 — 3 ; ovules 2 in each cell. Leaves simple, entire, woolly beneath. Flowers in lateral spreading corymbs. Amela'nchies Medik. Ovaries 5, each divided by a partition ; ovules 1 in each cell. Ripe pome including 3 — 5 carpels. Petals lanceolate. Small trees. Leaves simple, serrate, deciduous. Flowers in racemes. iliE'spiLUS Lindl. Carpels 2 — 5 compressed nuts with bony shells, each in- cluding 1 seed. Leaves lanceolate, serrulate, deciduous. Flowers large, subsessile, subsolitary. Py^rus Lindl. Carpels 5, or 2 — 5. Seeds 2 in each carpel. Leaves simple or pinnate, deciduous. Flowers in spreading terminal cymes or corymbs. Cydo^nia Tourn. Carpels 5, each including many seeds. Sect. I. ^MYGDA*LEiE JusS. Genus I. ^MY'GDALUS Tourn. The Almond Tree Lin. Si/st. Icosandria Monogj^nia. Idenliftcatiou. Tourn. Inst., t. 402. ; Dec. Prod,, S. p. 330. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 482. ■262 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. Synonymes. Amygdal6phora Nech. ; Amandier, Fr. ; Mandelbaum, Ger. ; Mandorlo, Ital. Derivation, From amuiso, to lacerate, in reference to the fissured shell of the nut. Martinius sus- pects that it comes from a Hebrew word which signifies vigilant ; because its early Bowers announce the return of spring. Gen. Char. Dnipe clothed with velvety pubescence, having a dry rind, which separates irregularly, containing a pitted or smooth putamen or nut. (Don's Mi/;.) Leaves simple, conduplicate when young, alternate, stipulate, deciduous. Flowers nearly sessile, usually pink or rose coloured, rising either singly or by pairs from the scaly buds, earlier than the leaves. — Shrubs or trees of the middle size, deciduous. Natives of the North of Africa, and the mountains of Asia ; also of Russia, and the Levant. The fruit-bearing species are cultivated in the Middle and South of Europe and the Levant, and are propagated chiefly by grafting ; and the others by grafting, layers, suckers, or cuttings of the root. The almond was included by Linnasus in the same genus with the peach and nectarine, of both of which it is, doubtless, the parent, as trees have been found with almonds in a state of transition to peaches, and with both peaches and nectarines on the same branch. j» 1. A. NA^NA L. The dwarf, or shrubby, Almond. Idmliflcalian. Lin. 'Mant., 396. j Dec. Prod., 2. p. 530. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 482. Synonymes, PrQnus inermis Gmel. ; A. ndna var. a, vulgclris Dec. ; Amandier nain, Fr. ; Zwerche- mandel, Ger. ; Peschino delia China, Ital. Engravings. Bot. Mag., t. 161. ; N. Du Ham., 4. t. 30. ; and om figs. 422, 423. Spec. Char., ^c. Leaves oblong-linear, tapered at the base, serrated, glabrous ; Flowers solitary, rose-coloured. Calyx cylindrically bell-shaped. Fruit of the same shape as that of A. communis, but much smaller. {Dec. Prod.) A deciduous low shrub. Calmuc Tartary, very frequent on the banks of the Volga, and about Odessa. Height 2 ft. to 3 ft. Introduced in 1683. Flowers rose coloured ; March and April. Varieties. M A. n. 2 georgica Dec. A. georgica Desf. Arb. 2. p. 221., and Locld. Cat. — It differs from the species in having the lobes of the calyx lanceolate, and as long as its tube ; and the styles only tomentose at the base, being scarcely so there, and not protruded. A native of Geoi'gia, which has been cultivated in the Geneva Botanic Garden. ja A. K. 3 campestm Ser. A. campestris Besser Enum. p. 46. No. 14--25., Hort. PL Aust. 2. p. 2., and Lodd. Cat. ; A. 'Besseridna Schott in Cat. Hort. Vindob. 1818, and Lodd. Cat. — Leaves broader. Lobes of the calyx as long as the tube. Petals narrower, longer, and white. Styles to- mentose at the base. The form of the nut, ac- cording to Besser, is various. Supposed to be a native of the South of Podolia. {Dec. Prod.) This variety is in the Hort. Soc. Garden, where it was raised from seeds received from Dr. Fischer of Petersburg. S4 A. n. 4- sibirica Lodd. Cat., and Lodd. Bot. Cab. 1599., and onr Jig. 421., is extant in some British botanical collections, where it is an upright shrub, about 6 ft. high, with wand-like shoots, clothed with fine, long, willow-like, glossy, serrate leaves ; on account of which, and its upright habit of growth, the latter being diflferent from that of all the other species and varieties of almond, it is va- luable in every collection where variety of cha- racter is desired. H. S. 421. A. n. siblnca. All the different forms of the dwarf almond are low shrubs, seldom exceedins 2 or 3 feet in height. The leaves bear a general resemblance to those of some XXVI. aoS/CcE^: ^MTi'GDALUS. 263 422. A, nkna. 423. A. n&na. of the species of willow, but are of a darker and more shining green, at least in the original species. The stems are not of long duration ; but the plant throws up abundance of travelling suck- ers, by which it is continued naturally, and also propagated. It is common through all the plains of Russia, from 55° N. lat. to the south of the empire. In British gardens it is valuable on account of its early flowering, the grace- fulness of the slender twigs, on which its flowers are produced before the leaves appear, and of its easy culture in any dry soil. Its fruit resembles that of /i. commiinis, but is much smaller, and rarely seen in England. The plant, which is usually called the dwarf double- blossomed almond in British gardens, is C^rasus japonica fldre pleno, or, as it is iiequently named in the nurseries, j4mygdalus piimila. j» 2. A. inca'na Pall. The hoary dwarf Almond. Identification. Pall. Ross., 1. p. 13. ; Smith Fl. Grsec, t. 497. ; Don's Miller, 2. p. 482. ; Lindl. in Bot. Reg., 1839, t. .18. Synonymes. A. nana var. incana GuldcTistad, and Arb. Brit. 1st edit. vol. li. p. OT4. ; A. toment6sula Lodd. Cat. Engravings. Pall. Ross., 1. 1. 7. ; Flor. GrKC, t. 477. ; Bot. Reg., 1839, t. 98. ; and our fig. 424. Spec. Char., S[c. Leaves obovate serrated, clothed with white tomentum beneath. Flowers solitary. Drupe compressed, pubescent. (^Don^s Mill.) A low decidu- ous shrub. Caucasus and the Levant, between Smyrna and Bursa. Height 2 ft. to 3 ft. Introduced in 1815. Flowers red; March and April. Readily known from A. nana by its leaves being covered with hoariness beneath. Increased by budding on the common plum. ¥ 3. A. coMMU^Nis L. The common Almond Tree. Identification. Lin. Sp., 677. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 630. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 482. Engravings. N. Du Ham., 4. t. 29. ; and the plate of this tree in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. v. ; and our fig. 425. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, serrulate. Flowers solitary. Calyx of a bell-shape. Fruit compressed, and rather egg shaped. {Dec. Prod.) A middle-sized deciduous tree. Mauritania, and in the mountain- ous parts of Asia. Height 20 ft. to 30 ft. Introduced in 1538. Flowers white or rose-coloured ; March and April. Drupe brownish ; ripe in Oc- tober. In fine seasons the fruit ripens on standards as far nprth as Derby, and on walls at Edinburgh. Varieties. 3" A. e. 1 amdra Dec. The hitter Almond. Amandier amer, Fr. ; gemeine Mandelbaum, Ger, — Flowers large. Petals pale pink, with a tinge of rose colour at the base. Styles nearly as long as the stamens, and tomentose in the lower part. Seeds bitter. There are two forms of the bitter almond ; one with a hard shell, and the other with a brittle one. The tree is cultivated in the South of France, in Austria, in Italy, in (ireece, &c.. for its fruit, which is preferred for some purposes in medicine and in domestic economy to that of the sweet almond, particularly for giving a flavour ; and for stocks for grafting the other varieties on, and the peach, apricot, and even the plum. Bitter almonds are generally mixed with sweet ones, in very small proportions, for making blancmange, &c. s 4 424. A. Inchna. 264 ARBOKETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNIOUM. 425. ^mygdalus comm{tnif> ¥ A. c. 2 dulcis Dec, Lam. 111. t. 430. The sweet Alvwnd. Ainandier a petits Fruits, Amande douce, Fr. ; susse Mandel, Gei: — Leaves grey-green. Flowers protruded earlier than the leaves. Styles much longer than the stamens. Fruit ovate-compressed, acuminate. Shell hard. Kernel sweet-flavoured. Cultivated in the same places as the preceding sort, and generally propagated by grafting standard high on the bitter almond, or any strong-growing seedling almonds, in order to make sure of the fruit being sweet. t A. c. S _fidre plena Baum. Cat. has double flowers. It A. c. 4 fuliis variegdtis Baum. Cat. has variegated leaves. f A. c. 5frdgilis Ser., Dec. Prod. 2. p. 531. A. fragilis Hell. 1. p. 500. ; Amandier des Dames, iV. Du Ham. 4. p. 113., Noisette Jard. Fruit. p. 7. ; Coque molle, Amandier a Coque tendre. Ft. ; Abellan, Pro- vence. — Flowers protruded at the same time as the leaves, and of a pale rose colour. Petals broader, and deeply emarginate. Leaves shorter ; the petioles thick. Fruit acuminate ; shell soft ; kernel sweet-flavoured. Cultivated for its fruit. t k. c. 6 macrocarpa Ser., Dec. Prod. 2. p. 531. Amandier a gros Fruits, N. Du Ham. 4. p. 1 12., Noisette Jard. Fruit, p. 7. ; Amandier Sultane, Amandier des Dames, Amandier Pistache, Fr. — Leaves broader, acuminate, scarcely grey. Peduncles short, turgid. Flowers of a very pale rose colour, large, protruded before the leaves. Petals broadly obcordate, waved. Fruit large, umbilicate at the base, acu- minate at the tip ; shell hard. There are two subvarieties, one with the fruit rather smaller, called, commonly, in France, Amandier Sul- tane; and another, with the fruit still smaller, called there Amandier Pistache ; the kernels of both of which are considered remarkably delicate, and are preferred for the table. The flowers of this variety are always produced earlier than those of any other ; and the kernels of the fruit are always sweet. In British gardens, the A. c. macro- carpa has much the largest flowers of any of the varieties. It is a XXVI. BosA^cEiE : pe'rsica. 265 vigorous large tree, of rapid growth, somewhat more fastigiate than the species. t A. c. 7 persicoides Ser., Dec. Prod. 2. p. 531 Amandier-Pecher, iV. I)u Ham. 4. p. 1 14., Noisette Jard. Fruit, p 7. — Leaves similar to those of the peach tree. Fruit ovate, obtuse ; its husk slightly suc- culent ; the shell of a yellowish dark colour, and the kernel sweet- flavoured. Du Hamel has stated that its fruits vary upon the same branch, from ovate, obtuse, with the husk rather fleshy, to ovate, compressed, acuminate, and the husk dry. Cultivated in France and Italy for its fruit, but rarely found in British gardens. Other Varieties. The almond, considered as a fruit tree, has given rise to some other varieties, which will be found treated of at length in French works on gardening, in the Nouveau Du Hamel, and the Nouveau Cours d^ Agriculture „ There are several varieties of the almond in cultivation on the Continent for their fruit ; and two or three in this country, partly for the same purpose, but chiefly for their flowers. The common almond, in a wild state, is found sometimes with the kernels bitter, and at other times with them sweet ; in the same manner as the Quercus hispanica, which, in Spain, though it gene- rally bears sweet and edible acorns, yet sometimes produces only such as are bitter. For this reason, in the case of the almond, instead of giving one form as the species, we have followed DeCandoUe, and described both the bitter and the sweet almond separately, either of which may be considered as the species, and classed them with the varieties. ^ 4. A. ORIENTA^LIS Ait. The Eastern Almond Tree. Dec. Prod., 2. p. 530. Identification. Ait. Hort. Kew., ed. 1. 1. p. 162., ed. 2. 3. p. 196. ; Mill., 2. p. 482. Smionyme. A. argentea Lam. Hict. 1. p. 103., 'N. D« Ham. 3. p. 115. Engravings. Lodd. Bot. Cat, 1. 1137. ; and our fig. 426. Spec. Char., ^c. Imperfectly evergreen. Branches and leaves clothed with a silvery tomentuin ; petiole of the leaf short, the disk lanceolate and entire. Flowers rose-coloured, and rather longer than those of A. nana. Calyx cylin drically bell-shaped. Fruit tipped with a point. (Dec. Prod.) A tall shrub or low tree. Le- vant. Height 8 ft. to 10 ft. ; and, according to Bosc, 15 ft. to 20 ft. Introduced in 1756. Flowers rose-coloured ; March and April. Very striking, from the hoary, or rather silvery, appearance of its leaves ; and it makes a hand- some plant when budded standard high on the common almond or the plum. It flowers much less freely than the common almond ; notwithstanding which, it well deserves a place in collections, on account of its fine silvery foliage. Genus II. PE'RSTCA Toum. Identification. Tourn. lost., t. 400. , ,- . . . . Synonymes. ^mjgdalus sp. of Lin. and Juss. ; TrichockrpuB Neck. EUm. No. 718. ; Pfecher, Fr. Pfirschenbaum, Ger. ; Pesco, Ital. - . . „ , „ . Derivation. So named from the peach coming originally from rersia. Gen. Char. Drwpe fleshy, with a glabrous or velvety apicarp, and having the putamen wrinkled from irregular furrows. (Don's Mill.) Leaves simple, alternate, stipulate, deciduous ; conduplicate when young. The Peach Tkee. Lin. Syst. Icosandria Monogynia Mill. Diet. ; Dec. Fl. Fr., 487. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. < 266 ARBORKTUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. Flowers almost sessile, solitary, or twin, rising from the scaly buds earlier than the leaves. — Tree, deciduous, beneath the middle size, and not of long duration. Persia. The peach and the nectarine are by some botanists made distinct species; but there can be no doubt of their being only varieties of one kind, which kind is itself nothing more than an improved or fleshy almond ; the almond being to the peach and nectarine what the crab is to the apple, and the sloe to the plum. I 1. P. vuLGA^Ris Mill. The common Peach Tree. Identification. Mill. Diet., No. 1. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 631. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 4S3. Synonytnes. ./imjgdalus Persica Lin, Sp. 677. : Peche duveteuse, Fr. ; Pfirsche, Ger. Engravings, N. Du Ham., 1. 2 — 8. ; Nois. Jard. Fruit. Icon. ; the plate of this tree in Arb. Brit, 1st edit., vol. vi. ; and our fig. 427. 427. PSrsica vulg^is. Spec. Char., S;c. Fruit clothed with velvety tomentum. A deciduous tree Persia. Height 20 ft. to 30 ft. Cultivated in 1562, or probably long before. Flowers rose-coloured ; March and April. Fruit red and yellow ; ripe in September. Varieties. ¥ P. V. 1, the freestone common Peach, Peche, Fr., has the flesh of the fruit parting from the shell of the nut (the stone). ¥ P. u. 2, the clingstone common Peach, Pavie, Fr., has the flesh of the fruit adliering to the shell of the nut. t P. V. BJlore plino Hort. — Flowers double. « P. t). 4 alba Lindl. — Flowers white. A hardy ornamental shrub, with the habit of an almond. Its fruit has little merit. ¥ P. u. 5 foliis variegdtis Hort. — Leaves variegated. *• P. ).'. 6 compressa Hort., the flat Peach of China (Hort. Trans, iv. t. 19. ; and ourT?/?. 428.), is chiefly remarkable for the form of its fruit, and for being nearly evergreen in its leaves. In the Hort. Soc. Garden, against a wall, it keeps growing throughout the winter, when the weather is not too severe. „,. „, „ ,„„„,fe,^ ^rmeni'aca. 267 t 2. P. (v.) l^eVis Dec. The Bmoothskiti-ned Peach, or Nectarine Tree. Identification. Dec. Fl. Fr., 4. p. 487. ; Don's Miller, 2. p. 493. Si/noni/mes. i^mjgdalus Persica Lam. Did. ; A. Persica Nectariaa Ail. Sort. Kew. ; Peche lissii, Brugnon, Fr. ; Pesco noce, Itat. Engravings. Nois. Jard. Fruit., t. 20. f. 2, 3. t. 21. f. 3, 4. Spec. Char., Sfc. Fruit smooth. A deciduous tree. Persia. Height 15 ft. to 20 ft. Cultivated in 1362, or probably long before. Flowers rose- coloured J March and April. Fruit red and yellow ; ripe in September. Varieties. S P. (v) I. 1, the freestone Nectarine (with the fruit parting from the nut). Peche lisse, Fr. — The Elruge is the best variety. 2 P. («.) /. 2, the clingstone Nectarine (with the flesh adhering to the nut). Brugnon, Fr. — The Orange is the best variety. The different varieties of peach and nectarine, when treated as standard trees in the open garden, assume the general form and character of the almond ; but, as they are more deUcate, in consequence of being farther re- moved from their aboriginal state, they are of slower growth, form trees of less size, and are of shorter duration. The nectarine, as a standard in the open garden, forms a smaller and more delicate tree than the peach ; and the double- flowered peach is of less vigorous growth than most of the single-flowered varieties, but very ornamental. Genus III. j^RMENI^ACA Tourn. The Apricot. lAn. Syst. Icosandria Monogynia. Identification. Toum. Inst., t. 399. ; Juss. Gen., 341. ; Dec. Fl. Fr., 4. p. 485., Prod. 2. p. 531. ; Don'sMUl., 2. p. 495. Synonymes. Pr^nus sp. of Lin. and others ; Abricotier, Fr. ; Aprikosenbaum, Ger. ; Albicocco, Ital. Derivation. The genus is named .^rmenlaca, from the apricot being originally from Armenia. The popular English' name was originally prEecocia, from tne Arabic, berkoche ; whence the Tuscan bacoche, or albicocco ; and the English, abricot, or apricock, eventually corrupted into apricot. Some persons derive the name from prcecox, from this fruit ripening sooner than most others. Gen. Char. Drupe ovate globose, fleshy, covered with a velvety skin, con- taining a nut or stone, which is acute at one end, and blunt at the other; with a furrow on both sides ; the rest smooth, not wrinkled. (Don's Mill.) Leaves simple, alternate, stipulate, deciduous ; when young, convolute. Floviers almost sessile, solitary, or few together, rising before the leaves from scaly buds. — Trees, low, deciduous, or shrubs; natives of Europe and Asia. The common apricot is a fruit tree in general cultivation throughout the temperate regions of the globe, distinguished at first sight from the almond, peach, and nectarine, by its heart-shaped, smooth, shining leaves, and white flow^ers. There are several wild varieties, bearing flowers of different shades of pink, chiefly cultivated as ornamental. The great beauty of both the wild and the cultivated sorts of apricot is, that they come into bloom in Britain before almost every other tree; the Siberian apricot flowering a fortnight, or more, before the common sloe or almond. S 1. A. vuLGA^Ris Lam. The common Apricot Tree. Identification. Lam. Diet., 1. p. 2. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 632. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 495. Synontftne. Priinus vjrmentaca Lin. Sp. 679. ; Albicocco americano, Ital. Engravings. N. Du Ham., 1. t. 49. ; the plate in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. v. ; and ourj^. 431. Spec. Char., Src Flowers sessile. Leaves heart-shaped or ovate. (Dec. Prod.) A middle-sized tree. Armenia, Caucasus, the Himalayas, China, &c. Height 20 ft. to 30 ft. Cultivated in 1548. Flowers pinkish white ; February and .March. Drupe orange and red ; ripe in August and Sept. Decaying leaves reddish vellow. Naked young wood smooth, purplish. 268 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. Va/ieties. t A. «, 1 ovalijdlia Ser. Abricot Angoumois, A. precoce, A. blanc. Ft (N.DuHam.,5.t.S0.f. 6.; and our_;?g. 429.) — Leaves oval ; fruit small. S A. «. 2 cordifblia Ser. (N. Du , Ham., o. p. 167. t. 49.; | and oxafig. 430.) — Leaves heart-shaped, broad. Fruit larger. 3f A. «. 3 folm variegdtis Hort. — Leaves variegated. Flow- ers double. The Breda va- riety is generally that which ""■ ^- ' ""i"*™" has variegated leaves in British gardens. ■•«...... u...ittmia. jjj A. V, ii: Jlore plena Hort. — Grossier says that the Chinese have a great many varieties of double-blossomed apricots, which they plant on little mounts. Very few trees attain the appearance of maturity so soon as the apricot; a standard 10 or 12 years planted, in good loamy rich soil, will grow to the height of 20 ft., with a head 25 ft. in diameter, presenting all the a[)pearance 431. jlrmeniaca vulgarly of a tree of 20 or 30 years' grovvth, or of a tree arrived at maturity. The best variety for producing fruit, as a standard, is the Breda apricot. It is also a very handsome-growing plant, and its blossom buds, before they are expanded, are of a most beautiful and brilliant scarlet. t 2. A. dasyca'rpa Pcrs. The rough-fruited Apricot Tree. Idenlification. Pers. Syn., 2. p. 36. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 532. ; Don's Mill, 2. p. 497. Syiwnymes. A. atropurpOrea Lais, in N, Du Ham. 5. p. 172. ; PrOnus dasycirpa Ehrh. Beitr. 6. p. 90. ; P. .^rmenlaca nigra Be^. Cat. ed. 2. p. 206. ; the blaek Apricot. Engravings. N. Du Ham., a. t. 61. f. 1. ; Lodd. Bet. Cab., t. 1260. ; and our figs. 432, 433. Spec. Char., ^c. Leaves ovate, acuminate, doubly serrate. Petioles glanded. Flowers upon thread-shaped pedicels. In the flowers of a plant in the Geneva Botanic Garden, the calyx was purple, and 6-lobed; the petals were 6 ; and the stamens 24. {Dec. Prod.) A tree with a twisted trunk, resembling the common apricot, but smaller. Levant?. Height JO ft. to 15 ft. Introduced in 1800. Flowers white ; April. Drupe purple or black ; ripe in August and September. XXVI iJOSA^CEiE : ^RMENI^ACA. 269 452. A. dasycarpa. 433> jt dasjcarpn. 434 A.d. penlcif6:i>i i A. d.2 persicifo/ia Lois. A. ^ersicifolia Don's Mill., ii. p. 498. Abricot noir a Feuilles de Pecher, Fr. (N. Du Ham., 5. p. 172. t. 52. f. 1. ; and our_/?g. 434.) — Leaves ovate and short, or lanceolate, with small lobes. Flesh of the fruit red, variegated with pale yellow. In the Nouveau Du Hamel, it is stated to be a very slight variety, which can only be continued by budding. The rough-fruited apricot merits cultivation for its flowers, which are gene- rally white, but which, in this country, from the earliness of their appearance, are not often succeeded by fruit, unless the tree is planted against a wall, where it can be protected by netting from the spring frosts. 435. AjmeiAac^ (▼■) obfrica. t 3. A. (V.) sibi'hica Pers. The Siberian Apricot Tree. 2. p. Ii32. ) Don's Mill., 2. p. 498. Identification. Fers. Syn., 2. SyntmyTne. Prilnus sibirica ' .p. 36. i Dec. Prod Lin. Sp. 179. Etigravingt. Aromann Stirp. Ruth., 272. t. 29.; Pall. Fl. Rom., 1. t. 8.: and our plate in Arb Urit.. Iflt edit, vol. v. : and our He. 435. 270 AKBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM Spec. Char., ^c. Leaves ovate acuminate, of the form of those of the beech. The petioles long and glandless. Fruit small. A native of mountainous districts in the most remote parts of Siberia. Persoon has stated that it varies with leaves linear-lanceolate. {Dec. Prod.) A low tree, having the general appearance of the common apricot, but smaller in all its parts. Dahuria, on mountains, growing upon the face of perpendicular rocks ex- posed to the sun. Height 6 ft. to 8 ft. ; in England 8 ft. to 20 ft. Intro- duced in 1788. Flowers rose-coloured ; May. Drupe?. This tree, on the mountains of Dahuria, does not attain a greater height than that of a man ; but it has a trunk the thickness of the wrist, a rough and black bark, and hard wood. It flowers about the same time as the Jihodo- dendron dauricum ; growing on the south sides of the mountains, while the latter grows on the north sides. When both these plants are in flower, Pallas observes, the north sides of the moimtains appear of a purple colour, and the south of a rose colour. {Fl. Ross., i. p. 13.) In British gardens, the Siberian apricot forms a tree of nearly the same height as the common apricot, of which it appears to us to be the wild form. 'i 4. A. (v.) BRiGANTi^ACA Pers. The Brian9on Apricot Tree. Identiflcation. Pers. Syn., a. p. 36. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 632. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 498. Synonyme. Prdnus brigantlaca Vill. Dauph. 3. p. 535., Dec. Fl. Fr. No. 3789., Lois, in ]V. Dti Ham. 5. ji. W5. Engravings. N. Du Ham., 5. t. .59. ; and our^^. 436. Spec. Char.,S;c. Leaves nearly heart-shaped, toothed with numerous sharp subimbricate teeth. Flowers in groups, almost sessile, scarcely protruded before the leaves. {Dec. Prod.} A low tree. Dau- phine, in only one locaUty, and in another in Piedmont, where an oil, called huile de marmotte, has for a long time been expressed from the seeds. Height in British gardens 14 ft. to 15 ft. in 10 or 12 years ; in its native habitats, 6 ft. to 8 ft. Introduced in 1819. Flowers white or pink ; March and April. Drupe ?. Seringe suggested that this kind may be the same as A. sibirica, and we think it not unlikely to be only another variety of the common apricot in its wild state, with toothed leaves. 436. vi. (v.i brigantiaoa. Other Species of Armeniaca. — A. pedunculata Led. has been raised in the Hort. Soc. Garden, from seeds received under this name from Dr. Ledebour. Genus IV. [m ==^ PRU^NUS Toum. The Plum. Lin. Syst. Icosandria Monogynia. . p. 632. ; Don's Mill., 2. 498. ; Prunus sp. "' ■ * ' Identification. Toum. Inst., t. 358. ; Dec. Prod., Synonymes. Pranophora Neck. Elem. No. 7i9. ; Prtlnus sp. of Lin. and others ; Pruno, Ital. JJerivation. Said to be a word of Asiatic origin ; the wild plant, according to Galen, laeing called proumnos in Asia. The Greek name for the plum is proune: it occurs in Theophrastus. Gen. Char. Drupe ovate or oblong, fleshy, quite glabrous, covered with a glaucous bloom ; containing a compressed nut or putamen, which is acute at both ends, and a little furrowed on the margin, the rest smooth. (Don's Mill.) Leaves simple, alternate, stipulate, deciduous ; convolute when young. Flowers usually disposed in umbellate fascicles, solitary on the pedicels, rising generally before the leaves. — Trees or shrubs ; natives of Europe; Asia, and North America. XXVI. Rosa^ceje: ^rmeni'aca. 271 Many of the species are spiny in a wild state ; most of tliem bear edible, fruits; and all of them have showy blossoms. In British gardens, they are chiefly propaijated by grafting, but some of them by layers ; and they will grow in any soil that is tolerably free, and not overcharged with moisture, but a cal- careous soil is found best. The epidermis of the bark of the plum, as well as that of the cherry, and perhaps that of some of the other genera of ^^mygdalese, is readily divisible transversely, and may frequently be seen divided in this manner into rings on the tree. t ]. P. spiNO^SA L. The spiny Plum Tree, or common Sloe Thorn. Identification. Lin. Sj)., 3. 681. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 632. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 498. , Sffnonymes. P. sylvestris Ftich. Hist. p. 404., Ray Syn. p. 462. ; Blackthorn ; Prunier epineux, Prunellier, E'pine noire, or M6re-du-Bois, Fr. ; Schleadorn, or Schlen Pflaum, Ger. ; Prugno, or Prnnello, Ital. Engravings. Vahl Fl. Dan., t. 926. ; the plate in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. v. ; and our fig. 437. Derivation The name of Mdre-du-Bois is applied to the sloe thorn in France, in the neighbourliood of Montargis, because it has been remarked there, th.tt, when it was established on the margins of woods, its underground shoots, and the suckers which sprang up from them, had a constant ten- dency to extend the wood over the adjoining fields. Spec. Char., i^c. Branches spiny. Leaves obovate, elliptical, or ovate ; downy beneath, doubly and sharply toothed. Flowers produced before the leaves or with them, white, and solitary. Calyx campanulate; with lobes blunt, and longer than the tube. Fruit globose; the flesh austere. {Dec. Prod.) A low tree or shrub. Europe from Upsal to Naples, and the West of Asia and North of Africa. Height 10 ft. to 15 ft. Flowers white ; March and April. Dfupe black ; ripe in October. Varieties. 2 P. s. 1 vitlgdris Ser. P. spinosaioM. (N. Du Ham., 5. p. 185. t. 54. f. 1.) — Leaves obovate-elliptical. Fruit dark purple. This may be considered as the normal form of the species. 2 P. i. 2 foBs variegatis Ser. — Found wild ; but a plant of no beauty. t V. s. Z microcdrpa "Wallr. (Exs. Cent. 1. No. 45.) — • Leaves elliptic, narrow, bluntish. Fruit smaller than that of the species. ¥ P. s. 4 macrocarpa Wallr. (Exs. Cent. 1. No. 45.) — Leaves obovate, bluntish. Fruit large, dark purple. This has been found wild in Germany ; but Seringe doubts whether it be not identical with /-". domestica Juliana, or with P. insitltia. t P. 6. 5 ovata Ser. (Blackw. Herb., t. 494.) — Leaves ovate, roundish. ¥ P. s. aflwe pleno. — This is a very beautiful variety, said to be in cul- tivation, and highly prized, in China and Japan ; and also found wild some years ago at Tarascon. The flowers are white, and are pro- duced in such abundance as to entirely cover the branches. The sloe, or blackthorn, is much more frequently seen as a large spiny shrub, than as a tree; hut, when the suckers are removed from it, and all the strength of the plant is allowed to go into one stem, it forms a small scrubby tree of the most characteristic kind. The stems of the sloe differ from those of the haw- thorn, in growing to the height of 3 or 4 feet before they branch off. The bark is black, whence the name of blackthorn ; and the leaves are dark green. The roots are creeping, and, in every soil and situation, throw up numerous suckers ; so much so, that a single plant, in a favourable soil, would cover an acre of ground in a very few years. In hedges, in Britain, it is seldom seen above 20 ft. in height ; but in woods and in parks, as single trees, we have seen it above 30 ft. high : for example, in Eastwell Park, in Kent. The wood is hard, and in colour resembles that of the peach, though without its beauty : it takes a fine polish ; but it is so apt to crack, that little use can be made of it, except for handles for tools, teeth for hay-rakes, swingles, for flails, and walking-sticks. The wood weighs, when dry, nearly 521b. per cubic foot. The branches, from being less spreading than those of the common hawthorn, make better dead hedges than those of that species ; and. for the same reason, thev are particularly well adapted for forming guards to the stems of trees 457. Priinus spin6ga. planted in grass fields or in parks, to protect them from cattle. They are in general use for this purpose in France. They are also used as a substitute for stones and tiles in draining ; and, formed into faggots, they are sold for heating bakers' ovens, and for burning lime or chalk in kilns, &c. The living plant cannot be recommended for hedges, on account of the rambling habit of its roots, and the numerous suckers they throw up ; and because it is apt to get naked below, from the tendency of the shoots to grow upright and without branches. These upright shoots make excellent walking-sticks, which, ac- cordingly, throughout Europe, are more frequently taken from this tree than from any other. Leaves of the sloe, dried, are considered to form the best substitute for Chinese tea which has yet been tried in Europe ; and they have been extensively used for the adulteration of that article^ The juice of the ripe fruit is said to enter largely into the manufacture of the cheaper kinds of port wine ; and, when properly fermented, it makes a wine strongly resembling new port. In planting groups and masses in parks, by the addition of a few plants of the sloe, a degree of intricacy may be given sooner and more ef- fectively, than by the use of the common thorn ; but, at the same time, the sloe produces a degree of wildness from its numerous suckers, and the want of control which they indicate, which is not displayed by any of the species of Crataegus, which do not throw up suckers. For producing wildness and in- tricacy, therefore, in park scenery, the sloe is of great value, and its effect is much heightened by the addition of the common furze or the broom. The sloe prefers a strong calcareous loam. It may be propagated freely by suckers, or by seeds : the latter should be gathered in October, when the fruit is dead ripe, mixed with sand, and turned over two or three times in the course of the winter ; and, being sown in February, they will come up in the month of May. 'f 2. P. insiti'tia L. The engrafted Plum Tree, or JBuUace Plum. Idenli/kation. Lin. Sp., 680. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 532. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 498. Syrwnymes. P. sylvestris prje'cox Sltior Tourn. ; P. sylv^stris mjjor Bay ; Prunier sauvage, Fr. ; Alfatous, in Baupkiny ; Kirschen Pflaume, Ger. Engravings. Eng. Bot., t.841. ; Hayne Abbild., 1.6.5.; the plate in Arb. Brit., 1st edit, vol. v. ; and our Jig. 438. Spec. Char., Sfc. Branches becoming spiny. Flowers in pairs. Leaves ovate or lanceolate ; villose beneath, not flat. Fruit roundish. (Dec. Prod.) A low tree. England, Germany, and the South of France, and also Barbary. Height 10ft. to 20ft. Flowers white; March and April. Drupe black; ripe in October. Faiieties. It P. i. I frucfu nigro Hon. The black-fruited, or common, BuUace. 2 P. !. 2JructH luteo-dlbo Hort. — Fruit yellowish-white. XXVI. ROSA^CE^ : pnu^Nus. 273 t P. i. Sfruciu rubra Hort. — Fruit red. S P. i. iflore plena Descemet in Mem. de la Russie Meridionale, 1. p. 63. — Flowers double. The fruit, which is globular, and usually black, is sometimes yellowish or '*axy, with a red tint, and sometimes red ; it is also so much less austere than the sloe, as to make excellent pies and puddings, and a very good preserve. 438. Primus iiuidtia. The fruit of this plum in Provence is called prune sibarelle, because it is im- possible to whistle after having eaten it, from its sourness. The wood, the branches, the fruit, and the entire plant are used, throughout France, for the same purposes as that of the sloe. t 3. P. dome'stica L. The domestic cultivated Plum Tree. Tdenlification. Lin. Sp., 680. i Dec. Prod., 2. p. 533. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 499. Synanymes. P. satlva Fuchs and Ray ; Prunier domestique, Fr. ; ge- meine Pflaume, Ger. ; Susino domestico, Hal. Engravings. Wood. Med. Bot., t. 85. ; E. Bot., 1. 1783. ; and our fig. 439. &pec. Char., S^c. Branches spineless. Flowers mostly solitary. Leaves lanceolate-ovate, concave on the sur- face, not flat. (Dec. Prod.) A low tree. South of Europe, on hills ; in England, found sometimes in hedges, but never truly wild. Height 15 ft. to 20 ft. Flowers white ; April and May. Drupe various ; ripe August to October. Varieties. t P. d. '2 fibre plena Hort. — Flowers large, double. S v. d, S foliis variegdtis Hort. — Leaves variegated. t P. d. 4i amienioides Ser. — Leaves and fruit like those of ^rmeniaca brigantiaca. The cultivated plum resembles the common sloe, but is larger in all its parts, and without thorns. There are numerous varieties and subvarieties ; but, as they belong ■"s. Ptinniaom&UM. more to pomology than to arboriculture, we have here only noticed those that have some pretensions to distinctness in an ornamental point of view T 274 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. The apricot-like plum seems intermediate between tlie wild plum and the wild apricot. The varieties cultivated for their fruit have, in general, much larger leaves, an4 stronger young shoots, than the other sorts; they flower later, their blossoms are larger, and their fruit, particularly such sorts as the magnum bonum and the diamond plum, several times as large; the latter being upwards of 2| in. long. These fruit-bearing varieties are in universal culti- vation in temperate climates ; and for every thing of interest relating to them, as such, we refer to our Encyclopcedia of Gardening, edit. 1835, p. 920. The use of the fruit in domestic economy, in Britain, for the dessert, and for making tarts and puddings, is well known. In France, plums are used prin- cipally dried, as an article of commerce, and they are known under the name of brignoles, prunes, and French plums. The different modes of preserving plums in France will be found detailed at length in the 1st edit, of this work, and in our Suburban Horticulturist, It 4. P. (d.) myroba'lana L. The Myrobalan, or Cherry, Plum. Jdentificatton. Lin. Sp., 680. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 533. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 500. Symmymes. P. MyrobJlIan Du Ham. ; P. myrobalana Lois. ; P. cerasifera Ehrk. Beitr. 4. p. 17. ; Virginian Cherry ; Early Scarlet Plum ; Prunier myrobalan, or Cerisette. Fr. ; Kirschpflaume, Oer. Engravings. Du Ham. Arb. Fr. 2. p. 111. t. 2. fig. 15. ; the plate of this tree in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. V. ; and outJi^. 440. 440. Primus (d.) m>rob^lann. Spec. Char,, Sfc, Sepals narrow. Fruit globose, depressed at the base ; um- bilicus depressed ; nut with a small point. (Jiec. Prod.) A low tree. Europe, or, according to some. North America. Height 15 ft. to 30 ft. Cul- tivated in gardens for an unknown period. Flowers white ; March and April . Fruit cordate, red, rarely produced in England. Variety, S P. (d.) m, 2 /o& variegdtis N, Du Ham. has variegated leaves. Though we consider this nothing more than a variety of the common plum, yet it is so distinct, both m the habit of the tree and the colour of the fruit, that we think it more convenient to keep it apart. Its flowers are produced as early as those of the sloe ; and, the plant being more tender than that species, it seldom produces fruit in England, except when the blossoms are protected. It forms a good stock for varieties intended to be kept dwarf. In India the fruit is sold to dye black. XXVI. BOSA CE^ : PRU NUS. 275 j9 5. p. ca'ndicans Balb. The white Plum Tree. p. 32, ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. .■)33. 442. P, candicans. Identification. Balb. Cat.Taur., 1813. p. 62. ; ? Willd. Enum. Suppl Don's Mill., 2. p. 498. Engravings, Bot. Reg. 1. 1135. ; and our^s. 441, 442. Spec. Char., S^c. Branches pubescent. Flowers 2 or 3 together, upon short pubescent peduncles. Calyx bell- shaped. Leaves broadly ovate, whitish beneath. Stipules of the length of the petiole, very narrow, and cut in a toothed manner. (Dec. Prod.) A low shrub. ? Tauria. Height 6 ft. to 8 ft. Introd. in 1825. Flowers white ; April. It is not known of what country it is a native. It is quite hardy, easily cultivated, and so laden with white blossoms in 441. p.ctodicans. spring as to appear a mass of snow, whence the name. j» 6. P. Cocomi'lla Tenore. The Cocomilla Plum Tree. Identiflcatim. Tenore Prod. Suppl., 2. p. 67. ; Cat., 1819, p. 46. : Dec. Prod., 2. p. 533. ; Doo'b MUl., 2. p. 498. Engraving. Ovlfg. 443. from a living specimen. Spec. Char., S^c. Flowers upon short peduncles, in pairs. Leaves obovate, crenulate, glabrous on both surfaces • the crenatures glanded. Fruit ovate-oblong, with a small point, 3'ellow, ? bitter or ? acid. {Dec. Prod^ A low shrub. Calabria, in hedges. Height 2 ft. to 3 ft. Introduced in 1824. Flowers white ; April. Drupe yellow ; ripe in August. The bark is febrifugal, and, in Calabria, is considered to be a specific for the cure of the pestilential fevers common in that country. ae 7. P. mari'tima Wangenheim. 443. P. CoeoviiUa. The sea's\de-inhabiiing Plum Tree. Identiftcation. Wangenh. Amer., 103., according to WiUd. Enum., p. 619. ; Pursh Fl. Amer. Sept., 1. p. 332. J Dec. Prod., 2. p. 633. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 499. Synonyms. ?P. acuminata Micfix. Fl. Bor. Amer. p. 284. Engravings. Our Jig. 444., from a living speci- men ; and fe. 445. from Pursh's specimen in the Lambertian herbarium. 444. Prtlniu maritima. 445. Prinufl majitims Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves lanceolate- ovate, serrate. Flowers in pairs. Fruit small, round, sweet, dark blue. 276 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. (Dee. Prod.) A middle-sized shrub. North America, in sandy soils, on the sea coast, from New Jersey to Carolina. Height 6 ft. to 8 ft. Introduced in 1818. Flowers white; April and May. Fruit, of the size of a pigeon's egg, dark purple, and, according to Pursh, very good to eat ; ripe ?. There are plants in British gardens, but they have never yet set fruit. j« 8. P. pdbe'scens Poii: The pubescent-leaved Plum Tree. Jdeniification, Poir. Suppl., 4. p. .'j84., not of Pursh ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 533. ; Don's Mill., 2, p. 499, Our^g.2084, in p. 1106. Spec. Char., Src Leaves with short pubescent petioles, and disks that are slightlypubescent, ovate, thickish, rounded, or shortly acuminate and un- equally toothed. Flowers mostly solitary and nearly sessile. Fruit oval. (jbec. Prod.) A shrub. Native country unknown. Cultivated in 1818. Height 2 ft. to 3 ft. Flowers white ; May. -« 9. P. DivARiOA^TA Led. The divaricated-Jrec.) with white, flesh-coloured, and black fruit, generally heart-shaped. 447. C^rafiuE gyW^strls. The colour of the fruit of the wild species is a very deep dark red, or black ; the flesh is of the same colour, small in quantity, austere and bitter before it comes to maturity, and insipid when the fruit is perfectly ripe. The nut is oval or ovate, like the fruit, firmly adhering to the flesh, and very large in proportion to the size of the fruit. The juice is mostly coloured ; and the skin does not separate from the flesh. S 2. C. vuLGA^Ris Mill. The common Cherry Tree. Identification. Mill. Diet., No. I. ; N. Du Ham., 6. p. 18. Synonymes and Garden Names. C^rasus ^vium Moench ; Priinus Cerasus Lin, Sp. 679. ; C. hor- tensis Pers. St/n. 2. p. 34. ; C. capronidna Dec. Prod. 2. p. 536., Don's Mill. 2. p. 507. ; F. austdra EiidP.dcidiiE/tr.Beitr.7. p. 129. and 130.; P. Cerasus var. a Eng. Flor. 2. p. 354.; Cherry, Kentish or Flemish Cherry, Morello, May Duke ; Cerise de Montmorency, Cerise de Paris, Cerise ^ Fruits ronds, Cerisier du Nord, Cerisier, and Griottier in some provinces, Br. ; Saure Kirsche, Ger. ; Marasca, or Ciliegio, Ital. Derivation. Capronidna is said to be derived from Cdpron, the hautbois strawberry, probably from this cherry possessing so much more flavour than C. sylvestris. Morello is either from more/- iMorch^Ua esculenta), the flesh being of the same consistency as the flesh of that fungus ; or, perhaps, from the French word morelle, a female negro. May Duke is a corruption of M^doc, the province of France where tiie variety is supposed to have been originated. Griottier is said to be derived from aigreur, sourness, or sharpness, and applied to this cherry from the acidity of its fruit. Engravings. Eng. Bot, t. 706.; Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. vi., as Cerasus Sviura ; and om- Jig. 448. Spec. Char., tSfc. Tree small, branches spreading. Flowers in bubsessile um- bels, not numerous. Leaves oval-lanceolate, toothed, glabrous. A decidu- ous tree, Europe and Britain, in gardens and plantations. Height 30 ft. to 40 ft. Flowers white ; May. Drupe red ; ripe in July. Decaying leaves red and yellow. Varieties. — There are numerous cultivated varieties, which are classed by Loiseleur in the Nouveau Du Hamel in three groups, including in the first XXVI. iJosA'cEiE : ce'rasus. 279 448. C^rasus TUlgftlis. of these the four following varieties, which we particularise on account of their being purely ornamental : — S C. B. 2 Jlore semipleno Hort. — Flowers semidouble. "* C. ». 3 _fidre plena Hort. — All the stamens of this variety are changed into petals ; and the pistillum into small green leaves, which occupy the centre of the flower. The flower is smaller and less beautiful than that of the double m^risier ; but, as the tree does not grow so high, and as it can be grown as a shrub, it is suitable for planting in situations where the other cannot be introduced. It is commonly grafted on the Prunus Mahaleb. f C. o. 4 persici/ldra Hort. — The flowers are double, and rose-coloured. This variety was known to Bauhin and to Tournefort, but is at pre- sent rare in gardens. i C. i;. 5 Joins variegdtis Hort. has variegated leaves. The fruit-bearing varieties are arranged in the Nouveau Du Hamel, under the following heads : — 1. Flesh whitish, and more or less acid; including the Montmorency cherry. 2. Flesh whitish, and only very slightly acid ; including the English duke cherries. 3. Flesh red, including the griottiers, or morellos. The following selection has been made by Mr. Thompson, with a view of exemplifying the different forms which the varieties of the cultivated cherries assimie, as standard trees : — The Sigarreau is a tree of vigorous growth, with large pale green leaves, and stout divergent branches. Suttner's Yellow is a vigorous-growing tree, like the preceding, but with golden-coloured fruit. The Kentish Cherry is a round-headed tree, with slender shoots, some- what pendulous. The May Duke is a middle-sized or low tree with an erect fastigiate head. TheMorello is a low tree, with a spreading head, somewhat pendulous ; most prolific in flowers and fruit ; the latter ripening very late, and, T 4 280 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. from not being so greedily eaten by the birds as most other sorts, hanging on the trees a long time. D'Ost/ieim is a dwarf weeping tree, a great bearer. t C. «. 6 Marascha, Prunus Mamscha Jacq., is the variety from the fruit of which the liqueur called Maraschino is made. Plants of it have been raised in the Hort. Soc. Garden in 1837. The flowers are smaller than those of C. sylvestris. The fruit is round, melting, full of a watery sap, more or less flavoured, and almost always sen- sibly acid. The skin of the fruit is commonly red, but, in the numerous va- rieties in cultivation, passing into all the shades between that colour and dark purple or black. The skin oi all the varieties of C. vulgaris separates easily from the flesh, and the flesh parts readily from the stone; while, in all the varieties of C. sylvestris, the skin is more or less adhering to the flesh, and the flesh to the stone. {N. JJuHam., v. p. 18.) This species forms a tree of less magnitude than that of C. sylvestris : it is never found in a truly wild state in Europe, and the aboriginal form is unknown. Remarks refening to both Species. — The cherry trees in cultivation, whether in woods or gardens, may, in point of general appearance, be included in three forms : large trees with stout branches, and shoots proceeding from the main stem horizontally, or slightly inclining upwards, and when young and without their leaves, bearing a distant resemblance to gigantic candelabra, such as the geans, and many of the heart cherries ; fastigiate trees of a smaller size, such as the dukes ; and small trees with weak wood, and branches divergent and drooping, such as the Kentish or Flemish cherries, and the morellos. The leaves vary so much in the cultivated varieties, that it is impossible to charac- terise the sorts by them ; but, in general, those of the large trees are largest, and the lightest in colour, and those of the slender-branched trees the smallest, and the darkest in colour ; the flowers are also largest on the large trees. The distinction of two species, or races, is of very little use, with reference to cherries as fruit-bearing plants ; but, as the wild sort, C. sylvestris, is very distinct, when found in its native habitats, from the cherry cultivated in gar- dens, it seems worth while to keep them apart, with a view to arboriculture and ornamental planting. For this reason, also, we have kept Cerasus sem- perflorens, C. Pseudo-Cerasus, C. serrulata, and C. Chamsecerasus apart, though we are convinced that they are nothing more than varieties. In consequence of its rapid growth, the red-fruited variety ought to be pre- ferred where the object is timber, or where stocks are to be grown for fruit trees of large size. As a coppice-wood tree, the stools push freely and i-apidly ; and, as a timber tree, it will attain its full size, in ordinary situations, in 50 years. Its rate of growth, in the first 10 years, will average, in ordinary circumstances, 18 in. a year. There are various trees in the neighbourhood of London upwards of 60 ft. high ; one on the Cotswold Hills, on the estate of the Earl of Harrowby, is 85 ft. high. The wood of the wild cherry (C sylvestris) is firm, strong, close-grained, and of a reddish colour. It weighs, when green, 611b. 13 oz. per cubic foot ; and when dry, 541b. 15oz.; audit loses in the process of drying about a 16th part of its bulk. The wood is soft and easily worked, and it takes a fine polish. It is much sought after by cabinetmakers, turners, and musical instrument makers, more particularly in France, where mahogany is much less common than in Britain. The fruit of the cherry is a favourite with almost every body, and es|)ecially with children. The distillers of liqueurs make great use of ripe cherries : the spirit known as kirschewasser is distilled from them after fermentation ; and both a wine and a vinegar are made by bruising the fruit and the kernels, and allowing the mass to undergo the vinous fermentation. The ratafia of Grenoble is a celebrated Hqueur, which is made from a large black gean ; from which, also, the best kirschewasser is made ; and the maraschino from a variety of the tree found in Dalmatia. The preparation of these will be found in our first edition. XXVI. RosA^CEJE: ce'rasus. B. Speaes or Varieties cultivated as ornamental or curious. 281 S 3. C. (v.) SEMPERFLo^RENs Dec. The ever-flowering Cherry Tree. Identification.: Dec. Fl. Fr., 4. p.481., and Prod., 2. 0.637.; Don's Mill., 2 n 13 Synont/mes PriOias semnerflftrens £/irA. Beitr. 7. p. 132. ; P. serStina BolA Catal. 1. p. 68. : the weeping Cherry, the Allsaints Cherry; Cerise de la Toussaint, Cerise de St. Martin, Cerise tardive, tr. Engravings. N. Du Ham., p. 30. No. 18. t. 5. f. A ; the plate in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. v. ; and our yl^. 449. 449. doBSW (T.) Bemperfldrena. Spec. Char., ^c. Branches drooping. Leaves ovate, serrated. Flovrers pro- truded late in the season, axillary, solitary. Calyx serrated. Fniits globes, and red. Its native country not known. {Dec. Prod.) A low pendulous tree. Height 10 ft. to 20 it. A garden produc- tion. Cultivated in ? 1700. Flowers white ; May. Drupe red : July and August. An ornamental tree, usually grafted standard high on the common wild cherry, or gean ; growing rapidly for 8 or 10 years, and forming a round head, 8 or 10 feet high, and 10 or 12 feet in diameter, with the extremities of the branches drooping to the ground ; and flowering and fruiting almost the whole summer. It forms a truly desirable small single tree for a lawn. t 4. C. serrulaVa G. Don. The serrulated-feawrf Cherry Tree. Identification. Hort. Brit., p. 480. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. S14. Spnonymes. Prflnus serrulllta Liiidl. Hort. Trans. 7. p. 238. ; double Chinese Cherry; Yung- To, Chinese. Engraving. Our A- 450. from a living specimen. „„ c«ra.m »n-.,au. 282 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves obovate, acuminated, setaoeously serrulated, quite glabrous. Petioles glandular. Flowers in fascicles. {Don's Mill.) A low erect tree, or rather tree-like shrub. China. Height in China 4 ft. to 6 ft. ; in British gardens 6 ft. to I Oft. Introduced in 1822. Flowers double white, tinged with red, though not so much so as the double French cherry. This tree resembles the common cherry tree, but is not of such vigorous growth ; and only the double-flowered variety of it has been yet introduced. A very ornamental plant. ¥ 5. C. Pseu^do-Ce'rasus Lmdl. The False-Cherry Tree. Identfflcatien. Hort. Brit., No. 12663.; Don's Mill., 2. p.5U. Synmymes. Prilnus Pseildo-Cerasus Linal. Hort. Trans. 6. p. 90. ; P. paniculSlta Ker Bot. Beg. , 800., but not of Thunb. ; Yung- To, Chinese. EngruviTigs. Bot. Reg., t. 100. ; and our.;^. 451. Spec. Char., S[c. Leaves obovate, acuminate, flat, serrated. Flowers racemose. Branches and peduncles pubescent. Fruit small, pale red, of a pleasant subacid flavour, with a small smooth stone. {Don's Mill.) A low tree. China. Height 8 ft. to 10 ft. Introduced in 1819. Flowers white ; March and April. Fruit pale red ; ripe in June. This tree is readily known from the other cherry trees, even when without its leaves, by its rough gibbous joints, at which it readily strikes root; and is, consequently, very easily propagated. It has been tried by Mr. Knight, as a fruit tree ; and he finds that it forces in pots better than any other variety. Desirable for small gardens, on account of its very early flowering. 4S1. c. PEeiido-Cgrasus. « 6. C. CHAMa:cE'RASus Lois. The Ground-Cherry Tree, or Siberian Cherry. Identification. Lois, in N. Bu Ham., 5. p. 29. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 537. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 513. Synonymes. C. intermedia Lois, in N. Du Ham. 5. p. 30. ; i'rilnus intermedia Pair. Diet. 5. p. 674. ; P. fruticftsa Pall., according to Besser ; Cerasus piimila C. Bauh., according to Pall. Fl. Ross. ; Chamaecerasus fruticbsa Pers. Syn. 2. p. 34. Engravings. N. Du Ham., 5. p. 29. t. 5. f. A ; Hayne Abbild., t. 61. ; and our fig. 452. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves ovate-oblong, glabrous, glossy, crenate, bluntish, rather coriaceous, scarcely glanded. Flowers in umbels, which are usually on peduncles, but short ones. Pedicels of the fruit longer than the leaves. Fruit round, reddish purple, very acid. {Dec. Prod.) A neat Uttle shrub. Siberia and Germany. Height 3 ft. to 4 ft. Introd. in 1587. Flowers white ; May. Drupe reddish purple ; ripe in August. It forms a neat little narrow-leaved bush, which, when grafted standard high, becomes a small round- headed tree with drooping branches, at once curious and ornamental. It does not grow above a fourth part of the size of C. semperflorens ; and, like it, it flowers and fruits during great part of the summer. „,. p. a,™«rfrasm. ^ 7. C. pkostra'ta Ser. The prostrate Cherry Tree. Identification. Seringe in Dec. Prod., 2. p. 538. ; Don's Mill., 2. p 514 Synonymes. Prilnus prostrita Hort. Kew. ed. 2. 3. 199., and Lab. PI. Svr Dec. 1. p. 16.: Prftnus incana Stephen m MSm. Soc. Mosq. 3. p. 263. *' ? Engravings. Pall. Fl. Ross., 1. 1. 7.; Bot. Reg., 1. 106. ; and our ;%. 463. Spec. Char., S^c. Decumbent. Leaves ovate, serrately cut, glandless, tomen- tose, and hoary beneath. Flowers mostly solitary, nearly sessile. Calyx tubular. Petals ovate, retuse, rose-coloured. Fruit ovate, red ; flesh thin. XXVI. eosacejk: ce'rasus. 283 455. Cerasus prostrata. The Peach-tree-leaved Cherry Tree. Don's Mill., 2. p. 613. (Dec. Prod,') A prostrate shrub. Native of the moun- tains of Candia, of Mount Lebanon, and of Siberia. Height ^ ft. to 1 ft. Intro- duced in 1802. Flowers rose-coloured ; April and May. Drupe red ; ripe July. A very desirable species for grafting standard high on the common cherry. The red co- lour of the flowers is very un- common in this genus. ¥ 8. C. PERSICIFO^LIA Lois. Identijiccaion. Lois, in N. Du Ham., 5. p. 9. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 537. Synonyme. Prilnus j7ersicifblia JDesf. Arb. 2. p. 205. ETlgraving. Our Jig. 000. ia.^. GOO. Spec. Char., ^c. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, unequally serrate, gla- brous, with two glands upon the petiole. Flowers numerous, upon slender peduncles, and disposed umbellately. (Dec. Prod.) A deciduous tree. ? America. Height 30 ft. to SO ft. Introduced in 1818. Flowers white; May. Drupe small, black ; ripe in July. A rapidly grofwing tree, attaining the height of the common wild cherry, and bearing so close a resemblance to it in almost every respect, that it is probably only a vai'iety of it. There are trees of this kind of cherry in the Jardin des Plantes at Paris, of a pyramidal form, with a reddish brown smooth bark, flowers about the size of those of C. Mahaleb, and fruit about the size of peas. The wood is said to be harder and redder than that of the common wild cherry. It was raised from seeds sent from America by Michaux. If 9. C. boreaYis Michx. The Jiov^h-American Cherry Tree. Identification. Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer., 1. p. 286. ; Lois, in N. Du Ham., 5. p. 32. No. 22. j Dec. Prod., % p. 538. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 613. Synxmymes. PrQnus boreMis Fair. Bid. 5. p. 674. ; the Northern Choke Cherry, Avier. Engravings. Michx. Arb. Amer., 3- 1. 8. ; and our .^g. 454. Spec. Char., Sjc. Leaves oval-oblong, acuminate, membranaceous, glabrous, denticulate and almost in an eroded manner : they resemble those of the common almond tree, but have the serratures inflexed, protuberant, and tipped with minute glandulous macros. Flowers on longish pe- dicels, and disposed nearly in a. corymbose manner. Fruit nearly ovate, small; its flesh red. (Dec. Prod.) A small tree. Northern parts of North America. Height 20 ft. to 30 ft., with a trunk 6 in. to 8 in. in diameter. Introduced in 1822. Flowers white; May. Drupe red; ripe in July. Of all the cherries of North America, Mi- chaux observes, the C. borealis is the one that has the greatest analogy with the cultivated cherry of Europe. Pursh describes it as a I very handsome small tree, the wood exquisitely hard and fine-grained ; but the cherries, though agreeable to the taste, astringent in the mouth, and hence called choke cherries. 4S4. c^rasus borehiit. ^ 10. C. ph'mila Michx. The dwarf Cherry Tree. Identification. Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer., 2. p. 286. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 637. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 513 Synonymes. Prftnus piniila Lin. Mant.13., Fursh PI. Amer. Sept. I. p. 331.: Cerasus glauca Meench Meth. 672. ; Ragouminier, Nega, Menel du Canada, Fr. 284 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. Engravings. Mill. Icon., t. 80. f. 2. ; and our fig. 455. Spec. Char., Src Branches twiggy. Leaves obo- vate-oblong, upright, glabrous, indistinctly ser- rulated, glaucous beneath. Flowers upon peduncles, disposed rather umbellately. Calyx bell-shaped, short. Fruit ovate, black. (Dec. Prod.) A low somewhat procumbent shrub. North America, in Pennsylvania and Virginia, in low grounds and swamps. Height .3 ft. to 4 ft. Introduced in 1756. Flowers white; May. Drupe black ; ripe in July. A curious and rather handsome tree, when grafted standard high ; and a fit companion for the other dwarf sorts, when so grafted. Sir W. J. Hooker suspects this to be the same as C. *"• "mu. pimiia. depressa. It has been compared, Sir W. J. Hooker observes, in its general habit, to j4mygdalus nana; and such a comparison is equally applicable to C. depressa. (Fl. Bor. Amer., i. p. 167.) ^ 11. C. (p.) depre'ssa Ph. The depressed, or prostrate. Cherry Tree. Identification. Pursh Fl. Amer. Sept., 1. p. 332. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 538. ; Hook. Fl. Bor. Amer., ]. p. 168. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 614. Synonymes. C. pilmila michx. Fl. Bor. Amer. 1. p. 286., not PrQnus piimila Z. ; P. Suequeh^nee Wiljd. Enum. 619., Bawmx. ed. 2. p. 286. ; Sand Cherry, Amer. Out Jig. 456. from living plant in Loddlges's arboretum. Spec. Char., Sfc. Branches angled, depressed, prostrate. Leaves cuneate- lanceolate, sparingly serrate, glabrous, glaucous beneath. Flowers in grouped sessile umbels, few in an umbel. Fruit ovate. (Dec. Prod.) A prostrate shrub. North America, from Canada to Virginia, on the sandy shores of rivers and lakes. Height 1 ft. Introduced in 1805. Flowers white ; May. Drupe black, small, and agreeably tasted ; ripe in July. In America it is called the sand cherry, and said to be distin- guished at sight from all the other species, not less by its prostrate habit, than by its glaucous leaves, which bear some resemblance in shape to those of j4mygdalus nana; and, according to Sir W. J. Hooker, to those of C. pumila. * 12. C. PYGM/E^A Lois. The pygmy Cherry Tree. Identification. Lois, in N. Du Ham., 6. p. 32. and 21. ; Dec. Prod., 2 p. 538. ; Don'i Mill., 2. p. 513. Symmyme. Prilnus pygmje'a Willd. Sp. 2. p. 993., Pursh Fl. Amer. Sept. 1 . p. 331. Engraving. Out Jig. 457. from a specimen in the Lambertian herbarium. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves ovate-elliptical, but tapered to the base, and rather acute at the tip, sharply serrated, glabrous on both surfaces, and with 2 glands at the base. Flowers of the size of those of P. spinosa, disposed in sessile umbels, a few in an umbel. (Dec. Prod.) A low shrub. Western parts of Pen- sylvania and Virginia. Height 4 ft. to 5 ft. Introduced in 1823. Flowers white; May. Drupe black, of the size of a large pea, a little succulent, and very indifferent to the taste; ripe in July. 467, * It 13. C. Ni^GRA Lois. The black Cherry Tree. Identification. N. Du Ham,, 5. p. 32. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 538. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 613. Synonymes. Prilnus nigra Ait. Hort. Kew. 2d ed. 3. p. 193., Pursii Fl. Amer. Sept. 1. p. 331 americSna Darlington in Amer. Lye. N. H. of New York. Engravings. Bot. Mag., 1. 11 17. ; and our Jigs. 458, 459. Spec. Char., ^c. Leaf with 2 glands upon the petiole, and the disk ovate- acuminate. Flowers in sessile umbels, few in an umbel. Calyx purple ; its lobes obtuse, and their margins glanded. (Dec. Prod.) A tall shrub or C.pygmBe'a. P. XXVI. BOSA^CE^: ce'rasus. 285 459. C. nigra. low tree. Canada and the Alle- ghany Mountains. Height 6 ft. to 10 ft. Introduced in . 1773. Flowers white, with purple an- thers. Drupe red ; April, May. The fruit, which, as far as we know, has not been produced in England, is described by Sir W. J. Hooker as being as large as a mo- -._.._ derate-sized cherry, and, apparently, red. In British gardens this forms a very handsome small tree, distinguished even in winter by the smoothness and dark colour of its young wood, and in this respect resembling more a plum than a cherry. J. 14. C. hyema'lis Michx. The winter Cherry Tree. Jdentificalion. N. Va Ham., 5. p. 194. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 538. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 514. Synonymes, F. hyemSUs Michx. FL Bar. Amer. I. p. 284., Fursh Ft. Amer. Sept. 1. p. 331., EUtot Carol. I. p. 542. ; the black Ctioke Gnerry, Amer. Engraving. Our Jig. 460. from a specimen in the museum of the Jardin des Flantes. Spec. Char., %c. Leaves oblong-oval, or oval, abruptly acuminate; Flowers gla- brous, disposed umbellately. Lobes of the calyx lanceolate. Fruit nearly ovate, and blackish. (jDec. Prod.) A shrub. Western mountains of Virginia and Ca- rolina. Height 3 ft. to 4 ft. Introduced in 1805. Flowers white ; May. Drupe small, black, and extremely astringent, but eatable in winter ; ripe in October. ^_ ^ ^^^^^^^ St 15. C. CHi'cASA Michx. The Chicasaw Cherry Tree. Identijicaticm. Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer., 1. p. 284, ; Lois, in N. Du Ham., 5. p. 183. j Dec. Prod., 2. p. 538. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 614. Synonymes. Prflnus chicasa Fursh Fl. Amer. Sept. 1. p. 332. ; F. insititia Walt. Carol. ; Chickasaw Plum, in Carolina. Engraving. Our Jig. 461. from a living specimen in Loddiges's arboretum. Spec. Char., Sfc. Branches glabrous, becoming rather spiny. Leaves oblong-oval, acute, or acuminate. Flowers upon very short peduncles, and mostly in pairs. Calyx glabrous, its lobes very short. Fruit nearly globose, small, yellow. (Dec. Prod.) A shrub. CaroUna and Virginia. Height 6 ft. Introd.1806. Flowers white; April and May. Drupe small, yellow, and agree- ably tasted ; ripe in July. Sir W. J. Hooker observes that a plant which he received under this name appeared to him identical with C. borealis ; the plants in the Lon- don gardens are very different, resembling much more closely the common sloe, as will appear by our figure. j» 16. C. pube'scens Ser. The pubescent Cherry Tree. Identijicatton. Seringe in Dec. Prod., 2. p. 538. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 514. Synonymes. Prilnus pub^scens PA. J7. Amer, Sept. 1. p. 331., and Lodd. Cat. ; P. sphierocSrpa Michx. Fl. Bar. Amer. I. p. 284., not oi Swartz. Engravings. Our Jig. 462. from a living specimen in Loddiges's arbo- , return ; aadjig. 463. from a specimen in the Lambertian herbarium. a iit*<;era. 463. Spec, Char.,Sfc. Young branches pubescent. Leaves with 461. C. chicasa. 286 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. 464. C. pennEjlT&nica. the disk shortly oval, serrulated, and usually with 2 glands at its base. Flowers in sessile umbels, few in an umbel ; pedicels and calyxes pubescent. Fruit upon a short pedicel, globose, brownish purple, austere. {Dec. Prod.) A low shrub. Western parts of Pennsylvania, on the borders of lakes. Height 1 ft. to 3 ft. Introduced in 1820. Flowers white ; April and May. Drupe brownish purple, very astringent ; ripe in July. as 17. C. pennsylva'nica Lois. The Pennsylvanian Cherry Tree. Identification. Lois, in N. Du Ham., 5. p. 9. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 539. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 614. Synmiymes. Prilnus pennsvlvanica L.Jil. Suppl. p. 252., Pursli Ft, Amer. Sept. 1. p. 331. ; F. penn- sylvanica Willd. Baum. edit. 1811, p. 310. ; P. lanceolata Willd. Abb. p. 240. Engravings. Abb. Georg. Ins., vol. i. p. 89. t. 45. ; and oar fig. 464. Spec. Char., 8(c. Leaves with two glands at the base of the disk, which is oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, and glabrous. Flowers disposed in grouped sessile umbels, which have something of the character of panicles. (JDec. Prod.) A shrub. North America, from New England to Virginia, in woods and plantations. Height 6 ft. to 8 ft. Introduced in ] 773. Flowers white ; May. Drupe black, small, but agreeable to eat ; ripe in July. Sir W. J. Hooker considers this sort as synonymous with C. borealis Miclix., in which he may probably be correct. We have, however, kept them distinct ; not only because the whole genus appears in a state of con- fusion, but because, though C. pennsylvanica is said to have been introduced in 1773, we have never seen the plant in a healthy state, and, consequently, feel unable to give any decided opinion respecting it. M 18. C. japo'nica Lms. The Japan Cherry Tree. Identification. Lois, in N. Du Ham., T,.v. 83. ; Don's Mill., 2i p. 514. Synonymes. Primus japdnica Thurib. Ft. J ""' . ^ . - . - Pers. Ench. 2. p. 36. Engravings. Bot. Reg., 1. 1801., from a plant grown in a green.house ; and our figs. 465, 466. from a plant grown in the open air. Spec. Char., 8;c. Leaves ovate, acu- minated, glabrous, shining. Pe- duncles solitary. Lobes of calyx shorter than the tube. (Don's Mill.) A slender shrub, some- what tender. China. Height 2 ft. to 4 ft. Introd. 1810. Flowers pale blush-coloured, produced in profusion on numerous slender purplish or brownish red twigs ; March to May. Drupe ?. Naked young wood brownish red. Variett/. ■" C. j. 2 multiplex Ser. .^mygdalus pumila Lin. Mant. 74., Bot. Mag. t. 2176., and of the Hammersmith and other nurseries. (Our figs. 467, and 468.) — Flowers semidouble, pink like those of the species. There are two shrubs in British nurseries often confounded under the name of A. pumila. The one is that now described, which may be known at any season by the purplish or brownish red colour of the bark of its young shoots ; and, in summer, by its glabrous finely serrated leaves, which have a 468. c. •,. miitipio,. . Jap. p. 201 ., and Lindt. in Bol. Reg. 1. 1801. ; P. sinensis 465. C. iap<5nica. 466. C. JapcJnica. 467. C.j.multiplex. XXVI. flosA^CEJE: ce'rasus. 287 reddish tinge on their margins, and on the midribs. The other, C. si- nensis described below, the Prunus japonica of Ker, and of the Ham- mersmith and other nurseries, may be known in the winter season by the light green or greyish colour of the bark of its young shoots ; by its larger, paler-coloured, and comparatively rugose leaves, doubly or coarsely serrated ; and by its more compact habit of growth. The flowers of this sort are also on longer peduncles, resembling those of a cherry ; while the flowers of C. jap. multiplex, the j4mygdalus piimila or double dwarf almond of the nurseries, have much shorter peduncles, and are sometimes nearly sessile, giving the plant more the appear- ance of a Prunus than that of a Cerasus. The C. japonica multiplex has been in cultivation in British gardens, under the name of ^niyg- dalus pumila, since the days of Bishop Compton ; and, though it is stated in books to have been introduced from Africa, there can be little doubt of its being of Asiatic origin.. The great confusion , which exists respecting these two plants, in botanical works, has induced us to examine, with particular attention, the plants of them that are in the Horticultural Society's Garden, and in the Hammer smith Nursery. In the former garden, there v/as (June 10. 1837) a Cerasus jap6nica in its single state, but not in its double state ; the plant bearing the name of C. japonica flore pleno being unquestionably the C sinensis described below, the Priinus japonica of the nurseries. In the Hammersmith Nursery, there were then some dozens of plants of C. japonica multiplex, there called j4mygdalus pumila, or the double dwarf almond, growing in parallel nursery lines, with some dozens of plants of C. sinensis, there called Priinus japonica, or the double Chinese almond. We have considered it necessary to be thus particular, to justify us for having deviated from the Bot. Mag. and Bot. Seg. J, 19. C. SINENSIS G. Don. The Chinese Cherry. Identification. Don's Mill., 2. p. 514. SyTwnyme. Priinus japdnica Ker in Bot. Reg. t. 27. Engravings. Bot. Reg., t. 27. ; and our^. 469. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, doubly serrated, wrinkled from veins beneath. Peduncles sub-aggregate. (Don's Mill.') A highly ornamental low shrub. China. Height 2 ft. to 3 ft. Introduced in 1810. Flowers semi- double, red above, and white underneath, produced in great profusion on the preceding year's branches ; April and May. There is no single state of this species in Britain, but there was in 1836 a plant of the double variety against a wall in the Hort. Soc. Garden, named C. japonica flore pleno ; and, as noticed under the preceding species, there were many plants in the Hammersmith Nur- sery, under the name of P. japonica, or the double Chinese almond. The plant is some- what more tender than C. j. piultiplex, which is well known in gardens as a hardy border shrub ; and, except in favourable situations, it requires to be planted against a wall. \ Though C. sinensis and C. japonica are quite distinct, there is nothing in that distinctness, as it appears to us, to determine that they are not varieties of the same species. 469 «r»sus sinensis. a 20. C. SALi'ciNA G. Don. The '^"\\\ow-teaved Cherry Tree. Identijwation. Don's Mill., 2. p. 514. Synonymes. Priinus jalicina Lindl. in FJort. Trans. ; Ching-Cho-Lee, or Tung-Chofa-Lee, Chinese. Engraving. Fi£. 470. from a specimen in the herbarium of Dr. Linuley. Spec. Char., Sfc. Flowers usually solitary, shorter than the leaves. Leaves 288 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. obovate, acuminated, glandularly serrated, glabrous Stipules subulate, glandular, length of the petiole. Petiole glandless. (Don's mU.) A shrub. China. Height 4 ft. to 6 ft. Introd. in ]822. The flowers small, and white. Drupe about the size of that of the myro- balan plum. Species belonging to the preceding Subdivision (B.), not yet introduced. — C. Phoshia Hamilt., Prunus cerasoides D. Don., Cerasus Puddum Roxb. (Wall. PI. Rar., ii. t. 143. ; and out Jig, 471.), is a native of Nepal, producing fruit like that of the common cherry, and wood which is considered valuable as timber. The flowers are of a pale rose colour, and the tree grows to the height of 20 or 30 feet. C. glandulesa, C. dspera, and C. inclsa Lois., are Japan shrubs, with rose-coloured flowers, described by Thunberg; and C. kumilis Moris., a native of Sardinia. 470. C£rasus «aUclna. 471. C6iaa\ii PUddum. § ii. Fadi veri Ser. The true Bird-Cherry Kinds of Cerasus. Sect. Char. Flowers produced upon the shoots of the same year's growth as the flowers ; the latter disposed racemosely. Leaves deciduous. A. Species of Bird-Cherry Trees already in Cultivation m Britain. t 2L C. Maha^LEB Mill. The Mahaleb, or perfumed, Cherry Tree. Identification. Mill. Diet., No. 4. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 639. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. .514. Synonijmes. Prilnus Mahaleb L. Sp. 678. ; Bois de Sainte Lucie, or Prunier odorant, Fr. ; Mahalebs-kirsche, Ger.-, Ciliegio canino, /to/. Engravings. N. Du Ham., 5. t. 2. ; Jacq. Fl. Austr., t. 227. ; the plate of this species in Arb. Brit. 1st edit., vol. T.; and our ./^. 472. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves cordately ovate, denticulate, glanded, curved. Flowers in leafy subcorymbose racemes. Fruit black, between ovate and round. (Dec. Prod.) A small tree. Middle and South of Europe ; com^ mon in JFrance, especially in the mountainous districts ; very common near St. Lucie, whence the French name. Height 10 ft. to 20 ft. ; in British gardens 20ft. to 30ft. Introduced in 1714. Flowers white; April and May. Drupe black ; ripe in July. Varieties. Besides one with variegated leaves, there are : — 3f C. M. 2 fiiicta jldvo Hort. — Fruit yellow. There is a plant of this variety in the garden of the Horticultural Society. S C. M. 3 latifblium. 'Hort. — Leaves broader than in the species. A handsome small tree, with a white bark, and numerous branches. The leaves somewhat resembling those of the common apricot, but of a paler green. The wood, the leaves, the flowers, and the fruit, are powerfully scented ; the flowers so much so as not to be supportable in a room. The wood is hard, brown, veined, and susceptible of a high polish. Its smell is less powerful, and more agreeable, when it is dry, than when the sap is in it. In a dry state it weighs 59 lb. 4 oz. per cubic foot. In France, it is much sought after by cabinetmakers, on account of its fragrance, hardness, and the fine polish which it receives. In Austria it is used for forming the twisted tubes of tobacco pipes. In France the mahaleb is used as a stock on which to graft the diflferent kinds of fruit-bearing cherries : for which it has the advan- tages of growing on a very poor soil ; of coming into sap 15 days later than XXVI. Ros\CEM : ce'rasus. '.'.89 ■172. Cimsus Miilidhb. the common wild cherry, by which means the grafting season is prolonged; and, lastly, of dwarfing the plants grafted on it. In British gardens, it is partly used for this purpose, but principally as an ornamental shrub or low tree. As in the case of other dwarf species of a genus which will unite to a tall robust- growing species, the mahaleb, when grafted on the common wild cherry (C. sylvestris), grows to a larger tree than when on its own roots. The mahaleb will grow in any poor soil that is dry, even in the most arid sands and naked chalks j and, as it forms a low bushy tree which is capable of resisting the wind, it may be planted in an exposed situation. When young plants are to be raised from seed, the fruit is sown as soon as ripe, or preserved among sand till the following spring, in the same manner as that of the cherry. Seedling plants generally grow 1 ft. in length the first year, and 1 ft. to 18 in. the second. The tree may also be propagated by layers ; by slips from the stool, taken off with a few roots attached ; and by suckers, or by cuttings from the roots. y 22. C. Pa'dus Dec. The Bird-Cherry Tree. Identification. Dec. Fl. Fr., 4. p. 580. ; Prod., 2. p. 539. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 515. Synonymes. Prftnus Pkdus Lin. Sp. 677., Hook. Brit. Flora, p. 220., Smitk Ens. Flora, 2 p. 354. ; Bird Cherry, Fowl Cherry ; Hag-berry, Scot. ; Cerasier k Grappes, Merisier a Grappeg. Laurier- Putier, or Putiet, faux Bois de Ste. Lucie, Fr. ; Hag-bier, Swedish ; Traubeden Kiriche, Ger. ; Ciliegio ramoso, Itat. Engravings. Eng. Bot., t, 1383. ; the plate of this species in Arb. Brit., Ist edit., Tol, v. ; and our fig.ili. Spec. Char,, SfC. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, some- what acuminate, thin, serrulate, with the teeth rather spreading. Racemes long, leafy. Fruit round, bitter. 03ec. Prod.) A low tree. Indi- genous in most parts of Central Europe, and as far north as Lapland. Height 12 ft. to 40 ft. Flowers white ; April and May. Drupe black ; ripe in July. Decaying leaves greenish yellow, or reddish. Naked young wood purplish, with white spots. Varieties. 3f C. P. 1 vulgaris Ser. C. Padus Dec, N'. Du Ham. v. t. 1. — This kind has large flowers loosely disposed upon long pe- dicels, and black fruit. 3f C. P. 2 parmflbra Ser. (CEd. Fl. Dan., t. 205.) — This has smaller flowers, upon shorter pedicels, which are disposed more densely; and black fruit. 47?. C^rasuB ;*iLdiiB rutiiH< 290 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BBITANNICUM. C. P. 3 rubra Ser. (Our fg. 473.) — This has red fruit. It is the C. Padus fructu rubro of Dec. and of Loiseleur; and, according to Alt Hort. Kem., 2d ed. p. S99., it is the Prunus rubra of Willd. Arb., 237. t. 4. f. 2. % C. P. 4 bracteosa Ser. Padus racemosus Hort. — A very beautiful variety, distinguished by its long racemes of flowers, with their pe- dicels furnished with long bracteas at the points of the shoots, by which the latter are bent down, both when in blossom and when the fruit is ripe, so as to give the whole tree a pendulous appearance. A very handsome small tree or large bush. The leaves are finely serrated, smooth, and somewhat glaucous ; and their scent, when bruised, resembles that of rue. The flowers are of a pure white, in copious, long, terminal racemes, making an elegant appearance in spring, but scarcely lasting a fort- 474. C^asus Pkdus. night. The fruit is small, black, austere, and bitter, with a large corrugated nut. " Birds of several kinds soon devour this fruit, which is nauseous, and probably dangerous to mankind; though, perhaps, like that of the cherry laurel, not of so deadly a quality as the essential oil or distilled water of the leaves." (Eng. Flora, ii. p. 354.) The tree grows rapidly when young, at- taining the height of 10 or 12 feet in 5 or 6 years ; and, as it has a loose head, and bears pruning, it allows the grass to grow under it. The wood is hard and yellowish, and, in a green state, it has a disagreeable bitter odour and taste ; whence the French name putiet, from puer. It is much sought after in France by the cabinetmakers and turners, who increase the beauty of its veining by sawing out the boards diagonally, that is, obliquely across the trunk, instead of parallel with its length. The fruit, though nauseous to the taste when eaten fresh from the tree, gives an agreeable flavour to brandy; and is sometimes added to home-made wines. In Sweden and Lapland, and also in some parts of Russia, the bruised fruit is fermented, and a powerful spirit distilled from it. In Britain, the principal use of the Cerasus Padus is as an orna- mental tree ; and few make a finer appearance than it does, either when in flower, in April and May ; or in August, when covered with its pendent racemes of black fruit. It comes into flower a little before the ornamental crab trees, and about the same time as the Sdrbus aucuparia and the A'cer jolatanoides. The bird cherry prefers a dry soil ; but it will not thrive on such poor ground as the perfumed cherry. It will grow in almost any situation ; but, to attain a timber-like size, it requires the shelter either of a favourable locality, or of adjoining trees. The species is propagated by seeds, which should be treated XXVI. BOSACEiE: CE EASUS. 291 in all respects like those of C Mahaleb. The red-fruited variety will ge- nerally come true from seed ; as, doubtless, will the early-flowering and late-flowering varieties, which may be observed in copse woods where this tree abounds. C. P. bracteosa Ser., which is a very remarkable variety, and one which deserves a place in every collection, both on account of its large • racemes of flowers and its fruit, will be continued with most certainty by grafting or budding. The leaves are more infested and injured by the larvae of moths and buttei-flies, than those of any other European tree or shrub. t sis. C. VIRGINIA Va Miclix. The Virginian Bird-Cherry Tree. Uentificatmt. Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer., 1. p. 285. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 639. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 515. Synonyma. Prilnus rdbra Ait. Hurt. Kew. 1st ed. 2. p. 162., WKlil. Abb. 238. t.S. f. 1. ; P. argilta Bigetow in Litt. ; Cerisier de Virginie, Ft. ; Virginische Kirsche, Ger. ; Wild Cherry Tree, Amer. Engravings. Willd. Abb., 238. t. 6. f. 1. ; Michx. Fl. Arb. Amer., 2. t 88. ; and our^. 476. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves oblong, acuminate, doubly toothed, smooth ; the pe- tiole bearing about 4 glands. Racemes straight, petals round. Fruit red. Different from the Prunus virginiana of Miller, which is C. (v.) serdtina. (Dec. Prod.) A tree attaining a large size. Virginia, Carolina, and Canada. Height, in England, 30 ft. to 40 ft. ; in some parts of North America, 80 ft. to 100 ft. Introd. 1724. Flowers white ; May. Drupe red ; ripe in July. Leaves remaining on late in the season, and dropping, green. Naked young wood slender, purplish, but not spotted with white like C. Padus. Readily distinguished from Cerasus Padus by the slender drooping character of its branches. The fruit is frequently ripened in the neighbour- hood of London, and plants in copse woods, which have risen from selfsown seeds, are to be met with in different parts of Surrey. The wood of the Virginia bird cherry is of a light red tint, which deepens with age. It is compact, fine-grained, and takes a brilliant polish ; it is also not liable to warp when perfectly seasoned. In America, it is extensively used by cabinef>- makers for every species of furniture. In Eu- rope, C. virginiana is planted solely as an orna- mental tree; and, as such, it well deserves a place in every collection. It should be planted in every shrubbery or wood where it is desirable to attract frugivorous singing birds. For soil, si- tuation, propagation, culture, &c., see C. Padus. 2 24. C. (v.) sero'tina Lois. The late-cowering, or American, Bird- Cherry Tree. Maitificatum. Lois, in Du Ham., 6. p. 3. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 540. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 616. Symmymes. Prttnus serotina Wind. Abb. 239. ; P. virginiana Mill. Diet. No. 2. Engravingt. Willd. Abb., 239. t. 5. f.'2. ; Wats. Dend. Brit., 1 48. ; and our.^». 476, 477. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, rather coriaceous, glossy, serrated ; the teeth imbri- cate, very numerous, and the lowest ones indis- tinctly glanded. Midrib downy at its base. Flo- ral leaves narrowed at the base. Racemes loose. Fruit black. (J)ec. Prod.) A middle-sized tree. A native of North America, in Canada and New- foundland. Height 10ft. to 20ft. Introd. 1629. Flowers white ; May and June. Drupe black ; ripe in August. Leaves retained late, and dropping green. Naked young wood slender, purplish, V 2 475. C&TZsaa vir^n\kntu 476. Cerasus (,».) sevdtins. 292 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. Varietij. t C.S.2 return Ser. — Leaves obovate, round, very obtuse, almost retuse, slightly villose beneath ; midrib hairy above and below. A native of South America. C. (v.) serotina so closely resembles C, virginiana, that we have no doubt whatever of their being one and the same species. 1 25. C. Mo'LLis. Doug. The soft Bird-Cherry Tree. Identification. Dougl. MSS. ; Hook. Fl. Bor. Amer., 1. 169. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 515. Erieraving. Our fig. 478., from a specimen in tlie British Museum. Spec. Char., S^c. Racemes short, pubescently tomentose, as well as the calyxes ; calycine segments reflexed ; leaves obovate oblong, crenated, pubescent beneath ; fruit ovate. {Don's Mill.) A tree. America, near the mouth of the Columbia, and on subalpine 47s. c. mdiiis. hills, near the source of the river. Height 12 ft. to 24 ft. Introd. 1838. Flowers white. Naked young wood dark brown and downy, and the general habit said to be that of C, pubescens. Young plants have been raised in the Hort. Soc. Garden, from seeds sent home by Douglas. t 1 26. C. Cafo'llw Dec. The Capollin Bird-Cherry Tree. Identification. Dec. Prod., 2. p. 539. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 515. Synonymes. /*rilnus virginiana Flor. Mexic. Ic and MSS. ; P. canadensis Moc. et Sesse PI, 479' Cirasm Capdllu. Mex. Ic. ined., Hem. Alex. 95. XXVI. bosa^ceve: ce'rasus. 293 En;;rauin^s. Fl. Mex. Icon. Ined. ; PI. Mex. Icon. ined. ; Hern. Mex. Icon., 95. ; and ourjig^ 479. Sjifc. Char., S^c. Leaves lanceolate, serrated, and glabrous, resembling in form, and nearly in size, those of Salix fragilis. Racemes lateral and. terminal. Fruit globose, resembling, in form and colour, that of C. sylvestis. (Dec. Prod.) A handsome sub-evergreen low tree or shrub. Mexico, in temperate and cold places. Height 6 ft. to 12 ft. Introduced in 1820. Flowers white; May. Drupe red ; ripe in August. The plant bearing this name in the Hort. See. Garden has leaves broader than those of 5alix fragilis ; and, taken altogether, it is of more luxuriant growth than C. virginiana. It is, however, less hardy as a plant in the open garden, and was killed to the ground in the winter of 1837-8. In favourable situations, however, it is a very desirable species, being a remarkably free flowerer, and ripening abundance of fruit, which have stones as large as those of the wild cherry. s 27. C. nepale'nsis Ser. The Nepal Bird- Cherry Tree. Identijication. Seringe in Dec. Prod., 2. p. 540. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 515. Synonyme. Prilnus glaucifblius WalL MSS. Engraving. Oar Jig. 480., from a specimen in Dr. Lindley's her- barium. apec. Char., S^c. Leaves resembling in form those of 5alix fragilis ; long, lanceolate, acuminate, serrate, with blunt teeth, glabrous, whitish be- neath ; the veins much reticulated ; and the axils of the larger of them hairy. Peduncle short, and, as well as the rachis, slightly villose. Calyx glabrous. (Dec. Prod.) A deciduous shrub or low tree. Nepal. Height 6 ft. to 12ft. Introd. 1820. Flowers white; May. Drupe ?. 4Sn. COasUB nepal^mit. B. Species of Bird-Cherry Trees which have not yet been introduced, or of which we have not seen Plants. t C. acuminata Wall. (PI. Rar. Asiat., ii. p. 78. t. 181.; and omt fg. 481.) is a Nepal tree, growing to the height of 20 or 30 feet, , with the flowers in axillary racemes, and nodding, a little shorter than the leaves. s C. emargindta Dougl. (Hook. Fl. JBor. Amer., p. 169.) is a shrub, growing to the heiijht of 6 or 8 feet, with its flowers in co- rymbose racemes ; having oval, serrulated, glabrous leaves ; and globose fruit, astringent to the taste. The leaves are 2 in. long ; the flowers are white ; and the wood red, with white spots. It is found wild about the upper part of the Columbia Kiver, especially about the Kettle Falls. S C.capricida G.Don. The Goat-killing Bird Cherry. PrijnuscapricidaWa//.; P. undulata Hamilt. in D. Don's Prod. Nepal, p. 239. ; C. undulata Dec. Prod. ii. p. 340. — Leaves elliptic, acuminated, coriaceous, glabrous, quite entire, with undulately curled margins. Petioles glandulous. Racemes either solitary or aggregate by threes, many-flowered, glabrous, shorter than the leaves. (Don's Mill., ii. p. 315.) A handsome showy tree, probably evergreen, a native of Nepal, at Narainhetty ; where the leaves are found to contain so large a quantity of prussic acid as to kill the goats which browse upon them, ^ovle seems to consider C. undulata and C. capricida as distinct species ; and u 3 481. C^raauG acuminata. 294 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. he observes that these, and " C. cornuta, remarkable for its pod-like mon- strosity, are handsome showy trees, growing on lofty mountains, and worthy of introduction into England." {Royle's Jllust., p. 205.) C. canadensis hms., C. elliptica Lois,, C. paniculata Lois., and some other hardy species, are mentioned in our first edition. J iii. Laurocerasi. The Laurel-Cherry Trees. Sect. Cliar. Evergreen. Flowers in racemes. * i 28. C. lusita'nica Lois. The Portugal Laurel-Cherry, or common Portugal Laurel. « JdRntiJication. Lois, in N. Du Ham., 5. p. .5. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 640. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 616. Syiumymes. i'ranus lusitSnica Lin. Sp. 678. ; the Cherry Bay ; Cerisier Laurier du Por- tugal, Fr.\ Azareiro, Portuguese. Engravings. Mill. Ic, 131. t. 196. f. 1. ; Dill. Elth., 193. t. 159. f. 193. J the plate of the species in Arb. Brit., 1st edit, vol v. ;' and oar Jigs. 483, 484. Spec, Char., Sfc, Evergreen. Leaves coriaceous, ovate-lanceolate, ser- rate, glandless. Racemes upright, axillary, longer than the leaves. (Dec. Prod.) An evergreen low tree. Portugal, and the Azores. Height 10 ft. to 20 ft. ; in British ' gardens sometimes 30 ft. Intro- duced in 1648. Flowers white; June. Drupe dark purple ; ripe in September. Young wood pur- plish black. Vanett/. » I C. /. 2 Hka Ser, Pru- nus Hixa Broussonet ; P. multiglandulosa Cav. ; C. Hixa Webb et Bert. Hist. Can. t. 38. (Our^g. 482.) — Leaves larger, with their lowest teeth glanded. Ra- cemes elongate. Flowers more loosely disposed. Spontaneous in the islands of Teneriffe, Grand Canary, and Palma. Mr. P. B. Webb informs us that this tree, m its native localities, attains the height of 60 or 70 feet. The Portugal laurel is generally seen as an immense bush, but when trained up to a single stem it forms a very handsome tree with a conical head. It is not of rapid growth, seldom making shoots more than 9 or 10 inches in length; but, when planted in good free soil, and trained to a single stem, plants, in the neighbourhood of Lon- don, will reach the height of from 12 ft. to 15 ft. in 10 years. It is generally planted solely as an ornamental evergreen ; but sometimes hedges are formed of it in nur- sery-grounds and flower-gardens. The berries are greedily eaten by birds, and form a favourite food for pheasants. What renders the tree particularly valuable, Miller ,„ ^. ... 48i. Cfirasus 1. Htxa. XXVI. BosA^cE^ : ce'rasus. 295 481. C^rasus lusltiinica. observes, is. its being " so very hardy as to defy the severest cold of this country ; for, in the hard frost of 1740, when almost every other evergreen tree and shrub was severely pinched, the Portugal laurels retained their verdure, and seemed to have felt no injury." In the winter of 1837-8, it was severely hurt in all low moist situations in the climate of London ; but in dry gravelly soil, there, and in most parts of England, it escaped uninjured. In British nurseries, it is propagated by seeds, which, before and after sowing, are treated like those of the common wild cherry (C. sylvestris), or those of the bird cherry (C. Padus). «- • 29. C. Lauroce'basus Lois. The Laurel- Cherry, or common Laurel, Identification. Lois, in Da Ham., 5. p. 6. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 640. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. SIS. Symmymea. i'riinus Laurocerasus hin. Sp. 678. ; Cherry Bay, Cherry Laurel ; Laurier au Lait, Laurler Cerisier, Laurier Amandier, Fr. ; Kirscfae Lorbeer, Ger. ; Laiiro di Trebisonda, ItaL Engravings. Blackw. Herb., t. 512. ; Du Ham. Arb., l.p.S4$. 1. 133. ; and our ^. 485. Spec. Char., ^c. Evergreen. Leaves coriaceous, ovate-lanceolate, remotely seiTate, bearing upon the under surface of the dfek 2 — 4 glands. Racemes shorter than the leaves. Fruit ovate-acute. (Dec. Prod,) A large, ram- bling, evergreen, sub-prostrate shrub. Trebisond in Asia Minor ; and found in Caucasus, Persia, and the Crimea. Height 6 ft. to 20 ft. Introduced in ) 629. Flowers white ; April and May. Drupe dark purple ; ripe in Oc- tober. Young shoots of a light green. Varieties. • C. L. 2 variegdta Hort. — Leaves vari^ated with either white or yeilow. .«t C. L. 3 angtistifolia Hort., with leaves about a third part of the width of u 4 296 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. those of the species, and a more dwarf-growing plant. A very dis- tinct variety, which seldom, if ever, flowers. In some nurseries, it is called Hartdgio capensis, though this latter is a totally diiferent plant. The common laurel, though it will grow as high as the Portugal laurel, is, in its habit, decidedly a shrub, though it is occasionally seen trained to a single stem as a low tree, and in France it is grafted standard high on the common cherry for this purpose, though such plants, from the stock being deciduous, only last a year &r two. ' The growth of the common laurel is rapid for an evergreen, being at the rate of from 1 ft. to 3 ft. a year ; but, as the shoots extend in length, they do not increase proportionately in thick- ness, and hence they recline; so that plants with branches 30 or 40 feet in length, though gigantic in size, still retain the character of prostrate shrubs. Notwithstanding the rapid and vigor- ous growth of this plant in ordinary seasons, it suiFers a great deal more from very severe frosts than the Portugal laurel, and is sometimes killed down to the ground, which the latter rarely is in England. In Britain, the common laurel is considered one of the most or- namental of our evergreen shrubs ; and it is also used for covering walls, and for hedges, to afford shelter ; for which last purpose it is extensively used in the market-gardens about Isleworth. It is also extensively used as undergrowth in sandy soil. Laurel leaves have a bitter taste, and the peculiar flavour of prussic acid, which is common to bitter almonds, and to the kernels generally of the ^mygdalese. The flowers have a similar flavour; and the powdered leaves excite sneezing. The leaves, in consequence of their flavour, are used in a green state in custards, puddings, blancmange, and other culinary and confectionary articles, but always in very small quantities. Any soil tolerably dry will suit the common laurel ; but, to thrive, it requires a sheltered situation, and a deep free soil. It thrives better as an undergrowth than, perhaps, any other ligneous plant, wdth the excep- tion of the box and the holly. • t 30. C. caroliniaVa Michx. The Carolina Bird-Cherry Tree. Identification. Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer., 1 . p. 285 : Lois in N du Ham., fl. D. 5. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 516. Synonymes. Prinus caroliniJina Ait. Hart. Kew 2 p 163 ■ P. sempervirens Willd. Enmn. ; Pkdus carolinitoa MiU. Diet. No. 6. J Wild Orange, Atner, Engravings. Michx. Arb. d'Amer., 3. t. 7. ; and om fig. 486. Spec. Char., Src Evergreen. Leaves, with the petiole short; and the disk lanceolate-oblong, mucronate, even, rather coriaceous, mostly entire. Flowers densely disposed in axillary racemes, that are shorter than the leaves. Fruit nearly globose, mucronate. (Dec. Prod.) An evergreen shrub or low tree; in England a tender shrub. North America, from Carolina to Florida, and the Bahama Islands. Heiglit 435. C. LauTOc^rasus. XXVI. jjosA^cE^ : pu'rsh/^. 297 20 ft. to 30 ft. Introduced in 1759. Flowers white ; May. Drupe dark purple ; ripe ?. This tree Michaux considers as one of the most beautiful vegetable pro- ductions of the southern parts of the United States ; and it is generally se- lected by the inhabitants to plant near their houses, not only on this account, but because it grows with rapidity, and affords an impenetrable shade. Pursh describes it as a handsome evergreen shrub, resembhng C. lusitanica ; but he says nothing of the flowers, which, from the figure in Michaux, from which ours was copied, appear to be almost without petals. Seeds are frequently imported from America, and abundance of young plants reared ; but, as they are rather tender, and, north of London, would require the protection of a wall, they are very seldom seen in British gardens. The largest plant which we know of is in Hampshire, at Swallgwfield, where, in 1833, it formed a bush 10 ft. high, with a head about 12 ft. in diameter, flowering and fruiting occasionally. Culture as in C. virginiana, but north of London it requires the protection of a wall. Sect. II. SviKM^m. Genus VI. PU'RSH/^ Dec. The Purshia. Lin. Syst. Icosandria Monog;^nia. Identification. Dec. in Trans, of Linn. Soc, 12. p. 157. ; Prod., 2. p. 541. ; Lindl. in Bot. Reg, t. 1446. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 517. SynonyTne. Tigarea Ph. Fl. Amer. Sept., 1. p. 333., not of Aublet. Derivation. Frederick Fursh first characterised the only known species in his Flora America^ SeptentrionaliSi and named it Tig&rea tridentita. The generic name, however, having beep preoccupied by Aublet, De Candolle has named the present genus after Pursh himself. Gen. Char. Calyx 5-cleft ; lobes ovate, obtuse. Petals 5, obovate. Stamens about 25, rising with the petals from the calyx. Carpels 1 — 2, ovate oblong, pubescent, tapering into the style at the apex, at length opening by a lon- gitudinal chink. Seed 1, inserted in the base of the carpel. (Bon's Mill.) Leaves simple, grouped together, cuneate, 2 — 3-toothed at the apex, stipulate or exstipulate, deciduous. Flowers yellow. — Shrub, of which there is only one species known. j» 1. P. tridenta'ta Dec. The S-toothed-leaved Purshia. Identifkation. Dec, in Lin. Trans., 12. p. 157. ; Prod., 2. p. 641. Symmyme. TigArea tridentata Ph. Ft. Amer. Sept., 1 . p. 333. 1. 15., not of Aublet. Engravings. Vb. Fl. Amer. Sept., 1. 16. ; Bot. Reg., t. 1446. ; and our ^s. 487, 488. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves obcuneate, 3- dentate, crowded on the points of the shoots, hairy above, and tomentose beneath. Flowers terminal on short peduncles. (Ph. Fl. Amer.) A spreading shrub. North America, on pastures by the river Columbia. Height 2 ft. to 3 ft. Introduced in 1826. Flowers ' yellow ; July. Carpels ?. Almost the only shrub to be seen through an immense tract of barren sandy soil, from the head source of the Missouri, to the Falls of the Columbia. The nlants in the London gardens were all killed in the winter of 1837-8. 487. P. ttldent4ta. 488. F. tridentitu 298 ARBOPETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. Genus VII. KE'RRIA Dec. The Kerria. Lin. Syst. Icosandria Polygjnia. Identlficalimt. Dec. in Trans, of Lin. Soc, 12. p. 166. ; Prod., 2. p. 641. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. .^17. Synnnymes. iSiXbus X., OSrchorus Thuvh.^ Spirs^a Camb. Derivation. Named in honour of W. Ker, a collector of plants for the Kew Gardens. Gen. Char. Calyx S-cleft; lobes ovate, 3 of which are obtuse, and the other two callously mucronate at the apex ; imbricate in aestivation. Petals 5, orbicular. Stamens about 20, arising from the calyx with the petals, ex- serted. Carpels 5 — 8, globose, free, glabrous, each ending in a filiform style. Seed solitary. {Don's Mill.) Leaves simple, ovate, lanceolate, alternate, stipulate, deciduous ; coarsely and unequally serrated, feather-nerved, conduplicate. Flowers yellow. St 1. K. japo'nica Dec. The Japan Kerria. Identification. Dec. in Trans, of Lin. Soc, 12. p. 166. ; Prod., 2, p. 641. Synonymes. Bhbm jap6nlcus Lin. Manl. 246. ; CArchorus japcinicus T/iuni. Ft. Jap. 227. ; SpirtB''a japAnica Camb. Ann. Sci. Nat. 1. p. 389. ; Spiree du Japon, Fr. Engravings. Swt. Brit. Fl. Gard., 2d ser. t. 337. ; and ourj^. 489. Spec. Char., ^c. Leaves ovate, lanceolate, coarsely and unequally serrated, feather-nerved ; stipules linear, subulate. A deciduous shrub. Japan. Height 3 ft. to 5 ft. Introduced in 1835. Flowers yellow ; March to June, and often all the summer. Carpels ?. Variety. s/t K. j. 'iflorepUno (Bot. Reg., t. 587.; Bot. Mag., t. 1296.; and our fig. 490.) — Flowers double. Introduced in 1700, and in very general culture in British gardens. 489. K&riajap(Jnica. 490. Kiirio J. fl6re pltao. It has soft, and not very persistent, wood, clothed with a smooth greenish bark ; twig-like branches ; leaves that are ovate-lanceolate, and serrated with large and unequal teeth, feather-veined, and concave on the upper surface ; stipules that are linear-subulate. The single-flowered variety was, until 1835, only known through a solitary specimen received from Thunberg by Lin- neeus, and preserved in the herbarium of that great botanist, now in the pos- session of the Linnaean Society. It was after examining this specimen that De Candolle removed it from the genus Corchorus, and formed that of KerWa. The double variety is generally planted against a wall, more especially north of London. It is easily and rapidly propagated by its suckers, and grows freely in any common soil. XXVI. iJOSA CE^ : SPIR^ A. Genus VIII. 299 SPIR^^A L. The Spir^a. Lin. Syst. Icosandria Di-Pentagynia. ). ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 541. ; Don's Identification. Lin. Gen.. No. 630. ; Gartn. Fruct., 1 . p. 337. t. Mill, 2. p. 617. Synanymes. 5pirffi'a sp. Cambessedes Mon. Spir. in Ann. Set. Nat. 1. p. 227. ; Spiree, Fr. ; Spier- staude, Ger. Derivation. From speira, a cord, in reference to the supposed flexibility of the branches of some of the species ; or, according to some, from speirad^ to wreath ; in allusion to the fitness of the flowers to "be twisted into garlands. Spiraion\5 Pliny's name for a plant the blossoms of which were used, in his time, for making garlands ; but that plant is thought by some to have been the nbtlmum Lant^na. Gen. Char. Calyx 5-cleft, permanent. Stamens 10 — 50, inserted in the torus, lining tlie calyx along with the petals. Carpels solitary, or several together, rarely connected at the base, ending in short points, sessile, rarely stipitate. Seeds 2—6. (^Don's Mill.) Leaves usually simple, but sometimes pinnately cut, having pinnate, or palmately temate, nei-ves ; alternate, stipulate, deciduous. Flowers white or reddish, never yellow. — Shrubs, low, deciduous. Europe, Asia, America. Generally of erect growth, with conspicuous flowers of considerable elegance and beauty. The naked young wood, in almost all the species, is of a cin- namon brown ; and, in those kinds in which the shoots are numerous so as to produce a mass, the effect is conspicuous in the winter season. They are all readily propagated by suckers, which, in general, they produce in abundance, and they will grow in any common soil. § i. Physocarpos Camb. Derivation. From phusa, a bladder, and karpos, a fruit ; in reference to the bladdery carpels. Sect. Char. Ovaries connected at the base. Torus lining the calycine tube. Carpels bladdery, rather membranous. Ovula 2 — 3, fixed to the semini-, ferous margin of the carpel, ovoid, at first horizontal, but at length sus- pended. Flowers hermaphrodite, disposed in umbels. Pedicels 1-flowered. Leaves toothed, or somewhat lobed, usually stipulate. (Don's.Mill., p. 517.) 1. S. OPULIFO^LIA L. The Guelder-Rose-leaved Spiraea, or Virginian Guelder Rose. Identification. Lin. Sp., 702. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. S42. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 617. SyTionymes. Nine Bark, Amer. ; Evonimo del Canada, Ital. Engravings. N. Du Ham., 6. t. 14. ; and oxirfigs. 491, 492. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves lobed, or 3-lobed, and par- taking of an ovate figure, doubly serrated, petioled, and many of them stipuled. Flowers white, nume- rous, disposed in stalked hemi- spherical corymbs ; the pedicel of each flower slender and glabrous. Sepals spreading. Torus wholly connate with the tube of the calyx. Ovaries connate with each other at the base. Ovules in each 2 — 3, affixed to the margin, egg-shaped, at first horizontal, at length the one pendulous, the rest ascending. Carpels bladdery, rather membran- aceous, large and diverging. Seeds obovate glossy, and yellow. (Dec, Prod.) A large shrub. North America, from Canada to Carolina. Height 8 ft. to I Oft. Introd. in 1690. Flowers S. opulifblia. 4'J'i. S. upnUfiUA. 300 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. white ; June and July. Capsule inflated red ; ripe in September. Decaying leaves purplish red, mixed with yellow. Naked young wood light brown. Hardy, and very ornamental, from its abundance of white flowers, which are produced in corymbs, and resemble those of the Guelder rose ; and from the numerous inflated reddish capsules which succeed the flowers. Propagated by division of the root; but sometimes by layers, or by cuttings of the young wood put, in autumn, in a shady border, in a sandy soil. Varieties. as S. o. 2 tomerdella Ser. has the peduncles and calyx tomentose. (J)ec. Prod.) It is found at the Grand Rapids of the Columbia River. jt S. o. 3 mortdgyna. S. monogyna Torrey, Don's Mill. 2. p. 5 18. — A native of the Rocky Moun- tains, where it grows to the height of 3 or 4 feet. It is considered by Sir W. J. Hooker as a va- riety of S. opulifoHa. S 2. S. CAPITA^A Ph. The capitate-corj/mierf Spirasa. IdentiJicatioTi. Ph. Fl. Amer. Sept., 1. p. 342. ; Camb. Monog. ; Dec, Prod., 2 p. .542. 5 Don's Mill., 2. p. 518. Synonyme. S. opulifdlia var. Hook. Engraving. Our j^. 349. from a specimen in the Lambertian herbarium. Spec. Char., S^c. Leaves ovate, doubly toothed, almost lobed ; beneath reticulate and tomentose. Flowers disposed in terminal subcapitate corymbs placed on very long peduncles. Calyx tomentose. (Dec. Prod.) A deciduous shrub. N. America, on its eastern coast by the River Columbia. Height 4 ft. to 6 ft. Intro- duced in 1827. Flowers white; June and July. -i93. 5. capit&ta. J ii. ChamcE'dryon Ser. Derivation. leaves. From Chamts^drT/s, the name of the germander ; from a similarity in the form of the Sect. Char. Ovaries distinct. Torus with its base connate with the tube of the calyx, but with its tip separate. Carpels not inflated. Flowers each upon a distinct pedicel, and disposed in umbels or corymbs. Leaves entire, or toothed, without stipules. (Dec. Prod., ii. p. SiS.) a 3. S. CHAM.ffi;DRiFoYiA L. The Germander-leaved Spiraea. Identification. Lin. Sp., 701. ; Camb. Monog. ; Dec Prod., 2. p. 542. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 518. Synxmyme. S. cantoniensis Lour. Engravings. Pall. Fl. Ross., t. 15. ; and our fig. 495. Spec. Char., ^c. Leaves ovate, cut at the tip in a serrated manner, glabrous. Flowers upon long slender pedicels, in hemispherical corymbs. Sepals veiny, reflexed. (Dec. Prod.) An erect shrub. Siberia, Kamtschatka, Da- huria, the N. W. coast of N. America, China, and Japan. Height 2 (t. to 8 ft. Introduced in 1789. Flowers white; June and July. Capsule reddish ; ripe Sept. Kaked young wood light brown. Varieties. Seringe enumerates the first four of the fol- lowing forms of this species ; to which, we think, might be added S. wlmifolia, S. flexuosa, S. crattegifolia, S. be- tulEefolia, and, perhaps, some others. 3i S. c. 1 vulgaris Camb. Monog. — Leaves with the disks broad and glabrous ; the petioles ci- liated. at S. c. 2 media Ph. Fl. Amer. Sept. i. p. 342., Camb. Monog., and owxjig. 494.— Leaves smaller, slight- ly villose upon both surfaces. Flowers smaller. Wild in Canada, and upon the rocks of Dahuria. 404. s , „,.,„. XXVI. BOSA^CEiE : SFIVLJEA. 301 a S. c. 3 oblongifolia Camb. Monog. S. oblongi- folia Waldsi. et Kit. PI. Hung. iii. p. 261. t. 233. — Leaves narrower, and less serrated. as S. L'. 4 subracemosa Ser. — Flowers distantly dis- posed along a lengthened rachis. * S. c. 5 inasa Hort. (iS. chamaedrifolia latjfolia Hart.) has been raised from seeds received from Germany through Mr. Hunneuian ; and it appears to be only a variety of this species. In Kamtschatka the leaves are used as a substitute for tea ; and the shoots, when straight, are bored for to- bacco-pipes. In its wild state, it varies exceedingly in the magnitude of the entire plant, in the largeness or j smallness of its leaves, and in their being more or less ' cut or serrated, and more or less smooth or pubescent. A very ornamental hardy shrub, producing its corymbs of x white flowers, which are tolerably large, in June and July. It is said to make beautiful garden hedges.. Though the seeds ripen in England, plants can seldom be raised from them ; and, as this species does not produce suckers freely, it is generally raised by layers or cuttings. ai 4. S. (36 • Don Prod., 2. p. 657. ; Don's Mill., 2. p, 530, ' SymmijTne. R. pauciBdrus Ltndley in Bol. Reg., Hort. Brit, n, 13.500. Engravings. Bot. Rig., t. 864., as R. pauciflbrus Until. ; and om fig. 529. representing a sprig to the usual scale, and jigs. .630. and .53]. representine the flowers and fruit of the natural size. Spec, Char., S^c. Upright. Stem round, branched, and bearing awl-shaped in- flexed pricklps, or straight prickles, and the branches recurved ones. Youno- branchlets rather glaucous at the ex- tremity. Leaf pinnate, of S— 7 leaflets, that are ovate or oblong, mucronate, doubly serrated, plaited; green and glossy above; whitishly tomentose, or else glau- cous, beneath. Petiole and rachis bear- '"''• 'S''""* mi"»"">"«- ing prickles here and there. Petiole pilose. Stipules lanceolate, acuminate, membranaceous. Flowers small, reddish purple, disposed in a corymbose panicle. Petals clawed, shorter than the sepals. (Dec. Prod,) A gigantic bramble. Nepal. Stems 8 ft. to 20 ft. Introd. 1822. Flowers bright reddish purple ; May to August. Fruit black; ripe in August. Naked nabus nucriinthui. youug wood of 3 dark mahogany colour. XXVI. iiOSA CE^ : iJu'BUS. 313 It IS easily distinguished from all the other brambles in British gardens, by its nearly erect, strong, smooth, dark mahogany-coloured shoots, and by its very long pinnate leaves. The flowers are small, and the petals are of a bright reddish purple, and shorter than the sepals. The fruit is of a blackish pur- ple, of the ididdle size ; depressedly spherical, and covered with a fine bloom. The grains are fleshy, with a sweet subacid taste. This species throws up suckers sparingly; but its magnificent shoots arch over after they get to 6 or 8 feet in height, and grow branching and flowering on every side, till they reach the ground, when their extreme points strike root, and form new plants. Horticultural Society's Gai-den. s 4. R. occidenta'lis L. The Western, or American, Bramble. Identification. Lin. Sp.,706. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 568. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 831. Synunymes, R. virginiinus Hort. ; R. id8e\is frtictu nigro BiU. Engravings. Sloane Jam., t. 213. f. 1. ; Dill. Hort. Elt., t. 247. f. 319. ; and omfig. 6S2. Spec. Char., S^c. The whole plant is pretty glabrous. Stems round and whitish. Prickles recurved. Leaves of the barren branches pinnate ; of the fertile branches trifoliolate. Leaflets ovate, incisely serrated, whitely tomentose beneath. Stipules very narrow, and bristle- like. Flowers in umbels. Peduncle prickled. Sepals lanceolate-linear, tomentose, longer than the petals, which are obovately wedge-shaped, two-lobed, and spreading. Fmit black, acid, of the form of that of B. idsMs. Carpels numerous, rather glabrous ; be- coming, by drying, rugged with little hollows. {Dec. Prod.) A sub-erect shrub. Canada and the West Indies. Height 4 ft.- to 6 ft. Introduced in 1696. Flowers white ; May and June. Fruit black ; ripe in m2. H.Kcidcmiiiis. August. Horticultural Society's Garden. at 5. if. iD^'us L. The Mount Ida Bramble, or common Easpbeiry. Jilenlificatim. Lin. Sp., 706. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 658. Sifnoni/mes. R. frambasidnus Lam. Fl. Ft., 3. p. 135. ; Framboisier, Fr. ; gemeine Brombeere, Ger. " The Raspts is called in Greekc Batos Idaia ; in Latin, Rubus Idtea, of the mountaine Ida, oo which it groweth ; in Englidh, llaspis. Framboise, and Hinde-berry." (Johns. Ger., p. 1274.1 Engravings. Eng. Bot., t. 2442. ; and our Jig. b3S. Spec. Char., Sfc. Villose. Stem round, bearing slender recurved prickles. Leaves pinnate ; those of the fertile stems of 3 leaflets, those of tlie sterile stems of 5, rather pahnately disposed. Leaflets ovate, incisely serrated, whitely tomentose beneath. Stipules very narrow and bristle-like. Flowers in a corymbose panicle. Sepals ovate-lanceolate, whitely tomentose, ending in a point. Petals obovate-wedge-shaped, entire, conniving, shorter than the calyx. Carpels numerous, tomentose. {Dec. Prod.) An upright shrub, with a creeping root and biennial stems. Europe, and, probably, Asia, Africa, and America. Found in every part of Great Britain, and in Ireland, in the agricultural and subalpine regions, in woods, and in moist wastes. Height 4 ft. to 8 ft. Flowers white ; May, June, and July. Fruit red ; ripe in July, August, and September. Vaiieties. St K. i. 2 microphallus Wallr. Sched. p. 256. — Leaves all of 3 leaflets. Stem suflhiticose ; dwarfer and more bushy than the species. (Dec. Prod.) Garden Varieties. There are varieties with red fruit, yellow fruit, and white fruit ; and one which bears twice in the year. The fruit of the species, in a wild state, is crimson, amd consists of nume- rous juicy grains, beset with the permanent styles, and highly fragrant ; with a very deliciously sweet, and yet slightly acid flavour, when eaten. Lnproved varieties of it have long been in cultivation in gardens, for the fruit, which is delightfully fragrant, and grateful to the palate in itself, and is used in nu- 314 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM iSRITANNICUM. merous culinary and confectionery articles, as well as in liqueurs. The raspberry requires a vegetable soil, rather moist, soft, and not very deep ; because most of the roots, Kke those of all other plants that throw up numerous suckers, keep near the surface ; and the situation should be shaded, rather than fully exposed to the meridian sun. In a ■wild state, it is almost always found more or less shaded by trees, but not under their drip ; and in woods, the situation of which is rather low and moist, than hilly and rocky or dry. The root belongs to that description which is called travelling ; that is, the suckers extend themselves all round the central plant, so as every year to come up in fresh soil. Hence, as Miller observes, a raspberry plantation requires to be renewed every five or six years. § ii. Leaves digitate, of 3 — 5 Leaflets. _* 6. E. lacisia'tos W. The cnt-leaved Bramble. Identification. Wmd. Hort. Berol., p. 82. and t. 82. ; Dec. Prod., 2, p. S58, ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 532. Engravings. Willd. Hort. Berol., t. 82. ; Wats. Dend. Brit., t. 69. ; and omfig. 634. Spec. Char., Sfc. Stem rather round, bearing stout recurved prickles, compressed at the base. Leaflets 3 — 5, pinnately cut, sharply serrate, a little downy beneath. Flowers in loose panicles, white or rose-coloured. Sepals lanceolate, leafy at the tip, tomentose, prickled, reflexed. Petals wedge-shaped, 3-lobed at the tip. Carpels roundish, dark-coloured. (ZJec. Prod.) A laige and handsome bramble. Stems 4 ft. to 10 ft. Flowers white, or rose-coloured ; June to Sep- tember. Fruit black ; ripe in August. Naked young wood of a fine purple colour. The appearance of this plant is that of the common bramble, except in the leaflets, which, from their being deeply cut, are strilcingly different. Where it was fii-st found is unknown ; but it is, in all probability, only a variety of the common bramble, analogous to the cut- leaved variety of the elder (^ambucus nigra laciniata.) H. S. sk 7. JR. CiE^sius L. The grey Bramble, or Dewberry. Identification. Lin. Sp., 706. ; Deo. Prod., 2. p. 558. j Don's Mill., 2. p. 633. Engravings. N. Du Ham., 5. t. 22. ; Hayne Abbild, t. 100. ; Eng. Bot., t. 826. ; and our J%. 536. Spec. Char., Sfc. Stem trailing, round, in many instances suflPused with a grey bloom, bearing slender and a little recurved prickles. Leaflets 3 in a leaf, ovate, doubly serrated or crenated, glabrous, or obscurely ciliated. Panicle almost simple. Sepals ovate-acuminate. Petals white. Fruit sweet. Carpels large, few, greyish. {^Dec. Prod.) A low straggling bramble. Eu- rope and the North-East of Asia, in 634. R. laciju^tus. 535. R. c. paxrif^liuB. XXVI. BOSACE^. : iJU BUS. 315 woods and hedges. Stem 4 ft. to 8 ft. Flowers white ; June and July. Fruit black ; ripe in August. Varieties. J. R. c. 2 arvensis Wallr. Sched. p. 288. R. pseudo-cae^sius Weihe, according to Ern. Meyer in Litt. — Leaflets tonientose beneath. Branches pu- berulous. -* R. c. 3 grandifiorus Ser. — Pubescent. Petals and sepals long. j[ R. c. 4 parvifdlim Wallr. Sched., p. 228. (Our _fig. 535.) — Stem ascending, purplish, ultimately naked. Leaves small, incisely lobed. Peduncle 1 — 3- flowered. A native of herbage- covered hills. J. R. c. 5 foliis variegdtis Hort. has varie- gated leaves. A low, weakly, straggling, prostrate plant, having the flowers with blush-coloured petals, and the fruit small, with few grains ; but these large, juicy, black, with a fine glaucous bloom, and very agreeably acid. This species varies exceedingly in the size of its flowers and leaves in different situations, whence have arisen many varieties. -* 8. jK. coRYLiFO^Lius Smith. The Hazel-leaved Bramble. Identification. Smith Fl. Brit., p. 542. ; Smitb in Eng. Bot., t. 827. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 633. Synonymes. R. vulgSrifi Weihe S; Nees, according to Lindley, Synopsis qf Brit. Floray ed. 2. p. 94. , R. nemordsus Beync, according to Sprengel and Goldbach. Engravings. Eng. Bot., t. 827. ; and our^. 538. Spec. Char., Sfc. Stem angled, bearing straightish prickles. Leaflets 3 — 5, cordate-ovate, firm, doubly serrated, pilose beneath. Panicle nearly sim- ple. Flowers white. Sepals ovate-acuminate, ultimately reflexed. Carpels purplish-blue, and large. (Dec. Prod.) A large bramble. Native of Europe, especially in the southern part ; and frequent in Britain, in hedges and thickets. Stems 6 ft. to 12ft. Flowers white; June and July. Fruit purplish blue or black, large j ripe in August. Varieties. J, R. IT. 2 cdnus Wallr. Sched. p. 231. — Leaflets all similar in form, roundish heart-shaped, whitishly tomentose iipon both surfaces. 537. A. c. glandul6sug. J; R. c. 3 glandulosusWaWr. Sched. p. 231. -A R. glandulosus Spreng., according to Wallr. (Our fig. 537.) — Stems, DCtioles, and peduncles glandulous. ^38 It. rUT7lif7>liufc. 3.1.6 AKBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. The stems are long and trailing, sometimes arching, glaucous and purplish in the sun, and green in the shade : they are brittle and full of pith. The flowers are large, and appear earlier than those of most o fthe British species. The berry is large, agreeably acid, of larger and fewer grains than in JR. fruti- cosus, and of a browner black : they are ripened before those of R. fruticosus and its allies. According to Dr. Lindley, the following British kinds of iJubus may be associated with R. corylifolius Smith, either as related species, or as varieties : — R. macrophyllus Weihe & Nees (Eng. Bot. Suppl., t. 2625.) ; R. carpinifoHus Weihe & Nees ; R. fusco-dter Weihe & Nees ; R. Ko^hlen Weihe <$• Nees (Eng. Bot. Suppl., t. 2605.), R. pallidus Weihe Sf Nees ; R. glandulosus Smith'; R. riidis Weihe & Nees, R. echinatus of ed. 1. of Lindl. Synops., and our H. B. No. 283.35. ; R. diversifd/im Lindl. Synops. ed. 1., R. diversifolius Wei/ie, Hort. Brit. No. 28330. St 9. R. specta'bilis Pk. The showy-cowered Bramble. Identification. Ph. Fl. Amer. Sept., I. p. 348. t. 16. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 669. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 533. Symmyme. R, ?7"6/f61ius WiUd. Herb., according to Steven. Engravings. Ph. Fl. Amer. Sept., t. 16. ; Bot. Reg., H24. ; Bot. Cab., t. 1602. ; and oar fig. 539. Spec. Char., Sfc. Stem not bearing prickles, glabrous. Leaf of three leaflets, that are ovate, acute, doubly and unequally serrated, downy beneath. Flowers of an agreeable purplish colour, produced singly on terminal peduncles. Sepals oblong, rather abruptly acuminate, shorter than the petals. (Dec. Prod.) An elegant shrubby bramble. Native of North America, on the banks of the Columbia River, and the north- west coast. Height 4 ft. to 5 ft. In- troduced in 1827. Flowers rosy purple, odoriferous ; April and May. Fruit large, dark yellow; ripe in July. Branches subflexuose, round, smooth ; with large odoriferous flowers, succeeded by large dark-yellow fruit, of an acid and somewhat astringent taste, which make excellent tarts. It merits a place in every collection, both as a flowering shrub, and for its fruit. jk 10. R. FRUTico''sus L. The shrubby Bramble, or common Blackberry. Identification. Lin. So., 707. ; Weihe and Nees Rubi Germanicl, p. 25. : Dec. Prod., 2. p. 561. : Don's Mill., 2. p. 534. Synonymes. R. discolor and R. abrtiptus, in Lindl. Synops. of Brit. Flora, ed. 1. Etigravings. Eng. Bot., t. 715. ; and cur^. 641. Spec. Char., ^c. Stem erect, and afterwards de- curved, 5-angled, Tather tomentose, bearing recurved prickles. Leaflets 3 — 5, ovate-oblong, acute, glabrous, beneath greyly tomentose, each on a secondary petiole. Panicle decompound, narrow, straight. Sepals reflexed, almost with- out prickles. {Dec. Prod.) A large bramble. Native of Europe, in hedges, thickets, and woods ; in Britain abounding in the agricultural zone, and tolerably frequent in the upland zone; with, according to Mr. Winch, a limit similar to that of C7'lex europae'a. Stem 6 ft. to 12 ft. Flowers white, or rose-coloured ; June to August. Fruit purplish black ; ripe August to September or October. Varieties. R. / 2 pomponius Ser. R. fruticAsus S Weihe ^ Nees. {fig. SiO.) — Flowers mo. r. f. rompinim. £39. R. spectabilis. XXVI. iJOSA CE^ : BU BUS. 317 semidouble or double. Leaves pale gi'een ; leaflets obovate. Cul- tivated in gardens. This variety may be considered as highly orna- mental, from the large size and numerous petals of its flowers, and from its very vigorous growth. Though it will thrive at the roots of trees, and in places where other ornamental plants will hardly grow, yet it produces most effect when it is trained against a wall. jc R. _/. 3 tauricus Hort. is a vigorous-growing plant, which produces by far the best fruit of any variety of bramble. H. S. j[ R. /. ^flore Toseo plena Baum. Cat. — Flowers double pink. H. S. jc R. /. 6 JoHis variegatis. — Leaves variegated, and not liable to the ob- jections made to most variegated plants. -* R. /. 6 leucocarpus Ser. — Fruit white. {Dec. Prod.) This species is considered as being more common than any of the other brambles, and also as attaining a greater size. It is always found to prosper best on a soil somewhat dry and gravelly ; and, accordingly, Switzer, when speaking of choosing a soil and situation for a vineyard, recommends looking out for one where the bramble is abundant and vigorous. The fruits have been eaten by children, in every country where they grow wild, since the time of Pliny. They have also been used, both in France and England, to produce a subacid drink ; an inferior description of wine ; by fer- mentation and distillation, a strong spirit ; and, boiled with sugar, a very good jam. 541. R. fnitjc6su*> * 11. R. LiD. Sp.j Hi'spiDus L. The h\sp\A-stemmed Bramble, 706. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 564. ; Don's Mill., 2. 542. j£. h!&viii>*i"™s- The general aspect and appearance of E. odoratus, except being of a paler green. The flowers are succeeded by large yellow or reddish berries, which are found to make excellent tarts ; and the plant will probably soon be ranked as a fruit shrub. Horticultural Society's Garden. Species and Varieties of Ruius best deserving of Cultivation in British Gardens, as ornamental Shrubs. A. Erect Raspberry-like Sorts. R. occidcntdlis, the Western, or black. Raspberry, No. 4. ; and fig. 532. in p. 313. R. nutkdnus, the Nootka Sound Raspberry, No. 13.; and fig. 544. in p. 318. R. odoratus, the sweet-scented, or Virginian Raspberry, No. 12. ; and fig. 543. in p. 317. R. spcctabilis, the «Aot«s/-flowered Raspberry, No. 9. ; and fig. 539. in p. 316. R. icke^us, the Mount Ida, or common, Raspberry, No. 5. ; and fig. 533. in p. 314. — The varieties of this species which are recommended as being most suitable for planting in an arboretum are, the red Antwerp, the white Antwerp, and the smooth cane. B. Shrubby Brambles. R. suberectus, the sub-erect Bramble, No. 1.; and fig. 527. in p. 311. R. micrdnthus, the small-Jloivcred, or Nepal, Bramble, No. 3. ; and figs. 530, 531. in p. 312. 'R. f-uticbsus, the shrubby Bramble, or common Blackberry, No. 10.; and fig. 540. in p. 316. — The varieties recommended are, the double-flowered, the double pink -flowered (if it can be got), the variegated-leaved, and R. f. tauricus, on account of its large and excellent fruit. R. lacinidtus, the CTrf-leaved Bramble, No. 6. ; and fig. 531. in p. 314. R. corylifolius, the Hazel-leaved Bramble, No. 8. ; afld fig. 537. in p. 315. C. Prostrate Brambles R. els' sius, the grey Bramble, or Dewberry, No. 7. ; and fig. 535. in p. 314. — The variety recommended, in addition to the species, is that with variegated leaves. Remarh. The plants in the last two groups are propagated by division of the roots, or by encouraging the points of the shoots to root, like the runners of a strawberry ; and the plants in the first graup by division of the root, Oi by suckers. XXVI. ROSA CEJE : POTENTI LLA. 319 Other Sorts of shrubby Rubuses. — R. macro- pctalus Doug. MS. in Hook. Fl. Bor. Amer. p. 178. t. 59., and our fig. 545., is a native of low woods in the valley of the Columbia, with white flowers, and the general habit of R. spectabilis. R. deliriosus Torrej- in Ann. Lye. ii. p. 196. is a native of North America, among the Rocky Mountains ; with purple flowers, succeeded by a very delicious fruit. It is a shrubby bramble, 5 or 6 feet high. R. tilidceus Smith in Rees's Cycl. vol. xxx. is a native of Upper Nepal, with white flowers, and leaves like those of T^lia alba. R. cordi- folius D. Pan appears to be the same species, or perhaps a variety. Hort. Soc. in 1834. 545. R. Riaciop^talus. Genus X. iL POTENTI'LLA L. The Potentilla, or Shrubby Cinquefoil. Lin. Syst. Icosandria Polygynia. Idenlificalion. L,in. Gen., No. 865. ; Nestl. Pot. Diss., 4to j Lehm. Pot. Diss., 4to j Dec. Prod., 2. p. 571. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 549. Derivation. From potens, powerful ; in allusion to the supposed medicinal qualities of some species. Gen. Char. Calyx lO-parted, the 5 outer segments accessory. Petals 5. Stamens numerous. Carpels numerous with lateral styles, seated on a dry permanent, elevated receptacle. (Don's Mill.) Leaves compound, alternate or opposite, stipulate, siib-evergreen; pin - nately cut. Flowers white or yellow. Shrubs low, natives of Europe and America, and of easy culture in a dry soil. They are propagated by seeds or cuttings ; and, except the common species, P. fruticosa, are not much in cultivation. ]. P. FRUTICO^SA L. The shrubby Potentilla, or Cinquefoil. Don's Mill., 2. p. 560. ; Nestl. Pot. ; Leliny. Ideniijication. Lin. Sp., 709. ; Dec Prod., 2. p. 579. Pot. ; Smith's Eng. Flora, 2. p. 416. Ertgravingt. Eng. Bot., t. 88. ; Nestl. Pot, 30. 1. 1. ; and our^g. 546. Spec. Char., ^c. Stem shrubby. Leaves pinnatelycut, hairy ; the lobes oblong, lanceolate, entire, approximate, of nearlythe same colour on both surfaces. Sti- pules lanceolate, membraneous, acute. Inflorescence rather co- rymbose. Flowers yellow. Se- pals pilose, lanceolate, acute, broad at the base. Bracteas linear-lanceolate, indistinctly pe- tioled. Corolla longer than the calyx. Receptacle very hairy. (Dec. Prod.) A roundish bush. Bngland, Germany, the Pyrenees, and other places ; in England, in Middle- ton, Teesdale ; and in Rock Forest, Clare, in Ireland. Height 2 ft. to 4 ft. Flowers yellow ; July and August. Fruit brown ; ripe in October. M6. FotentilU frudc^sa. 3-20 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. 1. ; P. fruticosa Varieties, according to Seringe, in Dec. Prod. jt P.f. 2 dahurica Ser. P. dahurica Nestl. Pot. 31. t. /3 Lehm. Pot. 32. — Glabrous. Lobes of the leaves 3—5, pinnately cut. Sepals shorter and broader than the bracteoles. Dahuria. In- troduced in ] 824. ; and producing its yellow flowers in July. Plants in the Hort. Soc. Garden, and in the Epsom Nui-sery. ■" P. /. 3 tenuUoba Ser. ; P. fruticosa Nestl. Pot. 30., Lehm. Pot. 32. var. y ; P.floribunda Ph. Fl. Amer. Sept. 1. p. 355., Watson's Bend. Brit. t. 70. ; P. tenuifdlia Schlectend. Serl. Mag., according to Lehm. Pot. 32. {Onrfig. 547.) — Sepals and lobes of the leaves nar- row, and with a slight hoary silkiness. North America ; where it is a low-growing shrub, not above 18 in. high. It was also found by Pallas in Siberia. The handsomest variety of the 51;. p. f. tenmiob.. species. M 2. P. GLA^BRA Lodd. The glabrous Potentilla. Jdentilication. Lodd. Bot. Cab., t. 914. ; Dec. Prod., 2- P- «8^- ! ?™'' ™'-' ^- P" ^^'• Synmymes. P. fruticbsa alba Busch, according to Lodd. JSot. Lao., i. vit. Engravings. Lodd. Bot. Cab., t. 914. ; and our .fe. 648. Spec. Char., ^c. Frutescent. Branches pendulous, purple. Leaves pinnately cut into 5 entire lobes. Flowers ter- minal, white, of the size of those of the wood strawberry (Fragaria vesca). (Dec. Prod.) A beautiful little shrub. | Siberia. Height 2 ft. to 4 ft. Intro- duced in 1818. Flowers white ; June to August. Fruit brown ; ripe in Sep- tember. 5,g p. gabra. It differs from P. fruticosa in being per- fectly smooth in all its parts, and in having pendulous branches and undulated leaves. It thrives best in a mixture of loam and peat, is of slow growth, and difGcult to increase, except by seed. J* 3. P. SalbsoVi/ Steph. Salesovius's Potentilla. Identifkation. Steph., according to Willd. Enum., p. 652. ; Nestl. Pot., 31. Lehm. Pot., S6. 1 1. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 683. Lehm. Pot., 35. t 1. i and om fig. H9. Spec. Char., S^c. Habit resembling that of Comarum palustre. Stem suffruticose. Leaves pinnately cut, coriaceous. Lobes oblong, acutely serrate, pubescent above upon the veins, whitely tomentose beneath. Stipules lanceolate, very acute, entire, rather filmy at the edge. Flowers large, white, upon short peduncles, and grouped. Sepals lanceolate, very acute, broad, almost as long as the petals, which are obovate. Bracteoles very narrow, smaller than the sepals. Receptacle lanuginose. {Dec. Prod.) A low shrub. Siberia. Height 1 ft. to 2 ft. Introduced in 1823. Flowers white ; June and July. Fruit brown ; ripe in September. 549. p. Salesivii". Comarum palustre L. (Eng. Bot., t. 172.), Potentilla Comaruni Scop., a well known British plant, found in boggy soils, with somewhat ligneous shoots, and showy flowers of a deep dingy purple, may be added to this order, and may prove useful in particular situations, on the margins of p./nds. XXVI. ROSA^CF.JE : COWA^N/^. Genus XI. a'21 COWA^N/yi D. Don. The Cowania. Lin. St/st. Icos&ndria Polygynia. Identification. D. Don, in Sw. Fl Gard., 2d series. Derivation. In honour of Jamfs Cowany a London merchant, who several times visited Mexico and Peru, whence he introduced a great many plants. Gen. Char. Calt/jc 5-clQft. Petals 5. Ovaries 5 — li. Ovule erect. Stt/le.t terminal, continuous. Achenia adorned with the plumose persistent style. (Z). Son.) Leaves simple, alternate, stipulate, evergreen ; wedge-shaped, oblong, pinnatifid, plaited. Flowers terminal, solitary, almost sessile, red. — Shrub ; native of Mexico ; very ornamental, but somewhat tender in British gardens. n. 1. C. PLlCA^TA D. Don. The plaited-Zeauerf Cowania. Identification. Swt. Brit. Flor. Gard.,t. 400.; Gard. Mag., 13. p. 462. Engravings. Swt. Brit. Fl. Gard., t. 400. ; and our Jig. 550. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves wedge-shaped, oblong, pinnatifid, plaited. {D. Don.) A rigid, evergreen, decumbent, much- branched shrub. Mexico. Height 1 ft. to 2 ft. Introduced in 1835. Flowers dark red; June and July. Naked young wood dark brown. Branches copiously clothed with stalked glands. Petioles of the leaves very short, slightly channeled above, sheathing at the base. Stipules adherent. Flowers, when protruding fi-om the bud exactly like those of ifosa. This pro- mising evergreen shrub, being extremely difiicult to propagate, has been lost, for the present, to British gardens. .550. Caw&nia plicSita. Sect. IV. Ro^szm. Dec. Genus XII. n\ / fel L AJ LlJ Ld a=J LA ifO^SA Toum. The Rose Tree. Lin. Syst. Icosandria Polygynia. Identification. Toum. Inst., ]. p. 636. t. 408. ; Lin. Gen., 631. ; Lara. III., t. 440. -, Lindl. Ros. Mon., 8vo, 1820 ; Prooville's Nomen. Rais., 181S, Monog. Ros., 1824 ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 664. Synonymei. Rhod6phora l^eck. Elem. ; Rosier, Fr. •, Rosenstock, Ger. j Roozeboom, Dutch ; RosAJo, Ital. ; Rosal, Span. ; and Roseira, Portuguese. Derivation. From rhos, red, Celtic ; in reference to the colour of the flowers of most of the species! Gen. Char. Calyx with the tube contracted at the mouth, and with the seg- . raents usually pinnately divided. Petals 5. Stamens numerous. Carpels numerous, bony, inserted on the inside of the tube of the calyx, which at length becomes baccate and encloses them. They are dry and indehiscent, bearing each a style on the inner side. {Don's Mill.) Leaves compound, alternate, stipulate, deciduous or evergreen ; impari- pinnate. Stipules attached to the petiole. Prickles simple. Flowers large, showy ; red, .white, or yellow ; fragrant. Shrubs, for the most part deciduous ; natives of Europe, and of the tem- Y S22 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. perate regions of Africa, Asia, and America, but not of Australia; and they have been in cultivation in the Old World, for the beauty and fragrance of their flowers, from time immemorial. As the culture of roses belongs more to floriculture than to arboriculture, it will be found given at length in our EncycloptEdia of Gardening, and in the first edition ot this woi'k. All the species may be propagated by cuttings of the roots, cuttings of the young wood in a growing state, by layers, or by budding or grafting ; and they will all thrive in loamy soil, dry and rich, rather than poor. The genus i?6sa is in a state of confusion still greater than that which subsists among the different kinds of TJubus ; nor can it well be otherwise, when we consider that the greater number of kinds in cultivation are garden productions, and that the wild kinds differ exceedingly according to soil and situation, and have been chiefly described by botanists from dried specimens. We have adopted the arrangement in Don's Miller, with the exception of omitting the first section, SimplicifoUas, now made a separate genus by Dr. Lindley. Where the species arranged under a section are natives of different countries, it may fairly be presumed, that there is at least one in each country entitled to be considered a species ; or, at least, it may be convenient to do so, in the present state of our knowledge. Nature, it is observed in the Nouveau Du Hamel, " appears scarcely to have placed any limit between the different species of the rose ; and, if it is already very difficult to define the wild species, which have not yet been modified by culture, it is almost impossible to refer to their original type the numerous varieties which culture has made in the flowers of species already so nearly resembhng each other." § i. Ferbccs Lindl. Mon. pi 3. Derivation. From ff;ro.r, fierce ; in reference to the branches being thickly beset with prickles. Sect. Char. Branches clothed with permanent tomentum. Fruit naked. The plants contained in this" section are a truly natural group ; they are low shrubs, losing their leaves early in autumn, and are then remarkable for their hoary branches, bristles, ancf numerous prickles. Their fruit is per- fectly smooth, which separates them from the next section, in which the fruit is downy. Sepals usually toothed. (Don's Mil/.) — Deciduous low bushes, natives of Caucasus and Karatschatka. ji 1. -ffi. FE^ROx Lawr. The fiercely-prickled Hose. Tdentification. Lawr. Ros.,t. 42. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. -^6.'i. Hynonymes. R. kamtschatica Red. Ros. 1. p. 47.; R. kamtsch5tica /3 fdrox Scr. in TJcc. Prod. 2. p. 607. ; R. echin^ta Diipont. Engravings. Lawr. Ros., t. 42. ; Rod. Ros., 1. p. 47. t. 12. ; and our Jig. 551. Spec. Char., Sfc. Prickles all alike in shape, and much crowded. Flowers large, red. Fruit glo- bose, scarlet. (Don's Mill.) A very prickly shrub. Caucasus. Height 3 ft. to 4 ft. Intro- duced in 1796. Flowers large, red; July and August. Fruit scarlet ; ripe in September. , ji R. /. 2 nkem Lindl. in JBot. Reg. t. 824., Ser. in Dec. Prod. ii. p. 607., has shining, pale green glabrous leaves, and pale crim- son flowers. Deserving a place in collec- tions on account of its singularitv. o .' 551. flosa fcrox. j» 2. i?. (f.) kamtsoha'tica Vent. The Kamtschatka Rose. Identification. Vent. Cels.,t. 67. ; Don's Mill. 2. p 565 ".ngravings. Vent. Cels., t. 67. ; N. Du Ham., vol. 7. t. 10. f. 2. ; and our Jig. 652. Spec. Char., ^c. Prickles infra-stipular, falcate, large. Leaves opaque. Flowers solitary, deep red. Fruit spherical, scarlet, less than that of R. ferox. (Don'.t XXVI. iJosA'cE/i: : iio^SA. 323 Mill.) Kamtschatka, in dry rocky places. Height 3 ft, to 4ft. Introduced in 17PI. Flowers deep red; June and July. Fruit scarlet ; ripe in September. From the appearance of the plants bearing tliis name in the extensive collection in Messrs. Loddiges's arboretum, we should consider it to be only a variety of B. ferox. It is, however, very distinct, and, from the rich colour of its flowers and fruit, well deserving a place in collections. § 11. BraCteatCE. SSS. «. (f.) kamtschkica. Sect. Char. Branches and fruit clothed with permanent tomentum. This section is readily distinguished from the last by the wooUiness of the fruit. Leaves dense, usually shining, and prickles placed under the stipules in pairs. Sepals simple, or nearly so. (Don's Mill.) — Evergreen, or sub- evergreen bushes. Natives of China and Nepal. « 3. R. BRACTEA^TA We-ndl. The farge-bracted Rose. Identification. Wendl. Obs., 50. ; Red. Eos., 1. p. 36., ic. ; LIndl. Eos. Mod., p. 10. j Dec. Prod., 2. p. 6 2. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 56.i. Synonyme. Lord jMacartney's Rose. Engravings. Wendl. Hort. Herrenhaus., fasc. 4. t. 22. : N. Du Ham., 7. t 13. ; and our fig. 653. Spec. Char., Sfc. Evergreen. Branches upright, to- mentose. Prickles stout, recurved, in many instances in pairs. Leaflets 5 — 9, obovate, sub- serrate, coriaceous, glossy, glabrous. Stipules scarcely attached to the petiole, bristle-shaped, but fringed. Flowers solitary, terminal, white, large. Peduncles and calyxes tomentose. Fruit globose, large, orange red. {Dec. Prod.) Ever- green. China. Height 5 ft. to 6 ft. Introduced in 1795. Flowers large, showy, white, solitary, nearly sessile; June to October. ' Fruit orange red ; ripe in October. Itflowersabundantly.butis rather tender, on which account it succeeds best when trained against a wall. Varieties. » K. b. 563. R. bractehu. 2 scabricaulis Lindl. Rosar. Monog. p. 10. (Sims Bot. Mag., t. 1377.) — Branches bristly. Prickles smaller than in the species, and rather straight. China, province of Tchetchiang. {Dec. Prod.) «» R.6. Z fibre plino Hort. — Flowers double, but never expanding freely. j» R. 6. 4 Maria Leonida Hort. — Flowers double, white, yellowish pink in the centre, expanding freely. One of the finest of autumnal roses. The species and the varieties, being somewhat tender, succeed best when trained against a wall. They are very ornamental from their shining evergreen foliage, as well as from their flowers. n. 4. R. miceophy'lla Roxb. The small-leafleted Rose. Identification. Roxb. Fl. Ind. ined., according to Lindl. Eosar. Monog., p. 9. 146, 146. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 602. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 566. ftnonyme. Hoi-tong-hong, Chinese, ngravings. Bot. Reg., t. 919. ; and our Jig. 5M. Spec. Char., 4rc. Stem almost without prickles. Leaflets glossy, sharply serrated, veiny beneath, with densely netted anastomosing veins. Stipules very narrow, unequal. Flowers double, of a delicate rose colour, s'l. r. microphjua. Calyx densely invested with prickles. Sepals short, broadly ovate, echinate, ending in a point. Prickles having at the base two longitudinal furrows. Y 2 324 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. {Dec. Prod.) Sub-evergreen. China Height 2 ft. to 3 ft. Introduced in 1828. Flowers very larije, double, and of a delicate blush colour; August to October. Fruit orange red ; ripe in October. An interesting little shrub, but somewhat tender, like R. bracteata. There is a variety in the Hort. Soc. Garden called R. m. alba. «. 5. R. involuoraVa Roxh. The involucred-corymiei Rose. Identification. Roxb. Fl. Ind. ined., according to Lindl. Rosar. Monog., p. 8. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 602, ; Don's Mill., 2. p. .%5. Synonymes. R. Lindloydma Tratt. Ros. 2. p. 109. ; R. palfistris Buchan. (.Ram.) MSS. Engravings. Bot. Reg., t. 739. ; and om fig. 656. Spec. Char., SfC. Shoots long, tender. Branches pale brown, tomentose, scarcely prickly. Leaflets 3 — 9, elliptical-lanceolate, tomentose beneath. Stipules hardly attached to the petiole, bristle- like-fringed. Flowers terminal, mostly solitary, white. Peduncles and calyxes tomentose. (Dec. Prod.) Deciduous, branchy. Nepal and China. Height 3 ft. to 4 ft. Introd. 1818. Flowers white ; June and July. Fruit orange red ; ripe in October. Seringe seems to consider this as a variety of R. bracteata. The flowers ai-e in corymbs, sur- rounded by three or four approximate leaves. The plants are rather tender, and succeed best against a wall, where they flower magnificently. Not com- 555, „. i,„„,„„iK. mon in collections. Lodd. § iii. Cinnamomece Lindl. Ros. p. 13. Sect. Char, Plants setigerou.s or unarmed, bracteate. Leaflets lanceolate glandless. Disk thin, never thickened. This section is distinguished by its long lanceolate leaflets without glands, its upright shoots, and compact habit. Flowers red, never solitary, except by abortion, and always supported by bracteas. Fruit round, small, red (soon losing its long narrow sepals), and with small, smooth, shining carpels. The shoots are usually setigerous next the ground ; but rarely so towards the apex, except in one or two instances. R. alpina and R. aciculiiris, of the following division, sometimes have brac- teas; but their sepals never fall off till the fruit is decayed. Sepals simple, entire, or nearly so, unless when mentioned otherwise. (Don's Milt.) — Plants of most of the species are in cultivation in British gardens. De- ciduous rambling bushes ; natives of Continental Europe and North America, and some of them of Britain. A. Species Natives of North America. j6 6. R. LU^ciDA Ehrh. The s\anvag-leaved Rose. Identiflcnlion. Ehrh. Beitr., 4. p. 22. ; Lindl. Rosar. Monog., p. 17. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 602. ; Don's Mill, 2. p. S65. Synonymcs. R. rilbra lilcida Rossig. Ros., t. 7. and t. 25. f. J . ; R. IQcida Jacq. Fragm. 71. ; Rose Turneps ; Rosier k Feuilles de Frene, Fr. Engravings. Red. and Thor. Ros., 1 . p. 45. ic. ; N. Du Ham., vol. 7. t. 7. ; and our.^. 556. Spec. Char., ^c. Prickles recurved, or none. Leaflets 3 — 9, lanceolate-elliptical, coriaceous, bluntly ser- rated, glossy. Stipules dilated, large, finely ser- rated, and extended as far as to the leaflets. Peduncles somewhat hispid. Flowers red, and opening late in the season. Sepals almost entire, jjs. ^.i^eids. XXVI. ieosA^cE^: ro'sa. 323 appendicled, spreading. Fruit oblately globose, a little hispid or glabrous, scarlet. (Dec. ProdT) An erect shining-leaved shrub. North America, from New York to Carolina; near Boston, in bogs, and on the edges of marshes; and in Newfoundland. Height 4 ft. to 6 ft. Introduced in 1724'. Flowers red, overtopped by the leaves and young branches ; June to August. Fruit bright red ; ripe in October. A handsome species, on account of its shining foliage, and one which is very hardy ; but the flowers have a very disagreeable smell. jt 7. R. ni'tida II'. The gIossy-/Vls Red. Ros. l.v. 67., Later. Ros. t. 75. Engravings. Bot. Reg., t. 458. ; Lawr. Ros., t. 75. ; andourj?^. 660 Spec. Char., ^c. Tall, unarmed. Branches straight, glaucescent. Leaflets opaque, undulated, and gla- brous. (Don's Mill.) Branches dark purple, with a pale blue bloom. Flowers small, red,- in few- flowered cymes. Fruit naked, small, round or ovate, of a dull pale red. A glabrous shrub. Native of Newfoundland, and on the north-west coast of America. Height 4 ft. to 6 ft. Introduced ?. Flow- ers red ; May and June. Fruit dull pale red ; ripe in September. Other North-American Species. — R. Woodsii Lindl., S. Carolina Lin., R. Lindleyz Spreng., are described in our first edition ; and the first two are in Messrs. Loddiges's collection. B. Species Natives of Nepal. a 11. iJ. mackophy'lla Lindl. The long-leaved Rose. Identification. Lindl. Ros. Monog., p. 35. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 666. Engravings. Lindl. Ros. Monog., t. 6. ; and our.^ff. 66J. Spec. Char.,' (^c. Unarmed. Leaves very long ; leaf- lets 3 — 1 1, lanceolate. Petioles with a few glands, which, as well as the leaflets, are woolly beneath. Sepals narrow, longer than the petals, which are apiculated. (Don's Mill.) A smooth shrub. Gos- sainthan. Height 5 ft. to 6 ft. Introduced in 1830. Flowers red, on villous peduncles, and furnished with a few unequal setffi, as well as the fruit. Dr. Lindley observes of this rose, that its leaves are the largest he has ever seen ; that it cannot be confounded with any thing else ; and that it may be considered the link between Cinnam6mefE and Pimpi- nellifoliiE. Horticultural Society's Garden. sei. r. macrovhsiia. C. Species Natives of Continental Ewope. a 12. R. ciNNAMo^MBA Besl. The Cmnavnon-scented Rose. Identification. Besl. Hort. Eyst. Vern. Ord., 6. p. 5. ; Lin. Sp., 703. Synonymes. R. foecundissima Munch. Hausv. 5. p. 279., Ft. Dai Diss. 8. Engravings. Lindl. Ros., t, 5. 560. H../Vaihlif61i!i, ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 666. i. t. 1214. : R. majMis Herm. 1 Fl. Dan., t. 1214. ; and our Jig. 562. Spec. Char., Sfc. Tall, cinereous. Branches straight. Prickles stipular, straightish. Stipules dilated, undulated. Leaflets oblong, obtuse, wrinkled, tomentose beneath. (Don's Mill.) Flowers solitary, or 2 — 3 together, XXVI. rosaceje: mysA. 327 562. R. cinnamdmea. pale or bright red. Fruit round, naked, and crimson. Tlie double-flowered vai-iety is most common in gar- dens. An upright shrub. Native of most parts of Europe, and a doubtful native of EnijUind. Height 5 ft. to 6 ft. Flowers pale or bright red ; May and June. Fruit crimson ; ripe in September. A very desirable sort, on account of its fragrance, which resembles that of cinnamon. There is a semi- double variety ; and the single state is supposed to be identical with R. majalis below. Other European Species not Natives of Britain. — R. frutetorum Bess., R. taurica Bieb., and R. dahinica Pall., are described in our first edition, and the first two are in Messrs. Lod- diges's collection. D. Species Natives of Britain. -= 13. 7?. (c.) MAJA LIS Relz. The May R6se. Identification. Retz. Obs. Bot., 3. p. 33. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 566. St/nonymes. R. mfitica Ft. Dan. 688. ; B. spinosissima Gorier. Jngr. 78. ; B. colllncola E/ir. Beitr. 2. p. 70. ; B. cinnainbmea Eng. Bot. 2388. Engravings. Fl. Dan., t. 688. ; Eng. Bot., t. 2388. ; and omfig. 563. Spec. Cliar., Sfc. Dwarf grey. Branch'fes straight, coloured. Prickles scattered, nearly equal. Stipules linear. Leaf- lets oblon", flat, glaucous, and tomentose beneath. (^Doit's j\[>ll.) A nearly smooth shrub. Flowers usually solitary, pale reJ. Fruit orange red, spherical, and naked. Native of Sweden and Lapland ; and of Britain, near Pontefract, in Yorkshire. Height 3 ft. to 4 ft. Flowers 5153. R. m.jaii,. pale rsd ; May and June. This is supposed by some to be the single state of R. cinnamomea. * 14. R. Dickson/.^' 2IM Lindl. Dickson's Rose. Identification. Lindl. Hort. Trans., 7. p. 224. ; Eng. Bot., vol. iv. p. 61. J Don's Mill., 2. p. 566. Engravings. Eng. Bot., t. 2707. % and our Jig. 564. Spec. Char., Sfc. Branches flexuous, setigerous, armed with a i'ew slender scattered prickles. Leaflets folded together, unequal, with coarse double ser- ratures. Stipules, petioles, and sepals compound. Styles stretched out, glabrous. {Don's Mill.) A large prickly shrub. Ireland. Height 5 ft. to 6 ft. Flowers white or pale pink ; June and July. 564. ft. Dicksoni.i § iv. Pimpinellifblia: Lindl. Sect. Char., S^c. Plants bearing crowded, nearly equal, prickles, or unarmed. Bractless, rarely bracteate. Leaflets ovate or oblong. Sepals connivent, permanent. Disk almost wanting. This section is essentially different from the last in habit, but in artificial characters they approach very nearly. It, however, may be distinguished by the greater number of leaflets ; which vary from 7 to 13, and even to 15, instead of from 5 to 7. The flowers are also universally without bracteas ; except in the R. alpina, R. Sabinz, R. Jionimia, and, perhaps, R. marginata. These, having connivent perma- nent sepals, cannot be confounded with the preceding division ; nor, on account of their disk, with the following. There is no instance of stipular Ijrickles in the present tribe. The sepals are entire, or nearly so, unless Y 4 328 AKBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BllITANNICUM. when mentioned otherwise. (Don's Mill.) — Deciduous : forming bushes partly low and dense, and partly large and rambling. Natives of Britain, Continental Europe, Asia, and North America. Sk 15. A. Species Natives of Europe. R. ALPi^NA Lin. The Alpine Kose. Identijication. Lin. Sp., 703. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. XT. Synonymes. R. rupestris Crantx Attstr, 85. ; R. monspellaca Gouan Monsp. 255. ; R. inermis Mill Diet. No. 6. ; B. hjbrida ViU. Bauvh. 3. p. 654. : R. lagenSria Vill. 1. c. p. 563. ; R. biflfira Krok. Fl. Sfl. 2. p. 157. Engravings. Jacq. Fl. Austr., t. 279. ; Lindl. Bot. Keg., t. 474. ; and our .fig. 565. Spec. Char., S(c. Unarmed. Fruit elongated, pendulous. Peduncles hispid. {Don's Mill.) Flowers erect, blush-coloured, solitary. Fruit orange red, oblong or obovate, with long sepals, generally pendulous. An unarmed shrub. Alps of Austria, hills in the South of France, Silesia, Bohemia Dauphine, Switzerland, &c. Height 5 ft. to 8 ft. Introduced in 1683 Flowers blush-coloured ; June and July. Fruit orange red ; ripe in Sep- tember. 566. R. a. IibMs d05. R. alplna. Varieties. at R. o. 2 IcB'vli Ser., but not of Desv. or Red. ; R. Sanguisorba majoris, &c.. Dill. Elth. ; R. alprna glabra Desv. ; R. a. vulgaris Red. Ros. 2. p. 111., and our jifg. 566.; has the stem, peduncles, and calyx quite glabrous, and the fruit oblong. a R. a. 3 speciosa Hort. Drummond's Thornless Rose. — A very beau- tiful climbing variety, raised by Mr. Drummond in the Cork Botanic Garden, about 1820. Other Varieties. Fourteen are described in the first edition of this work, but they are chiefly of botanical interest. M 16. R. suaVis Willd. The sweet Rose. IdenHficatian. Willd. Enum. Suppl., p. 37. ; Link Enum,, 2. p. 57. i Don's Mill., 2. p. 667. Engravings. Hayne Abbild., t. 40. ; and our Jig. 567. ' Spec. Char., ^c. Stem hispid. Leaves glabrous, glau- cescent beneath. Peduncles and petioles clothed with glandular bristles. (Don's Mill.) Petals deep purple, deeply 2-lobed. Fruit oblong, glabrous. A hispid shrub. Native country unknown, most probably Eu- rope. Height 3 ft. to 4 it. Introduced in 1818 Flowers deep purple; June and July. Fruit scarlet , ripe in September. This very distinct variety, or perhaps species, of rose is probably at present wanting in British collections ; for it must not be confounded with Rosa, suaveolens or with Rosa suavif61ia, both described in Le Botaniste Cul- iivateur as varieties of R. rubiginosa, or synonymes to that species, XXVI. rosa'^cem : ro^sa. 329 a 17. R. SULPHU~REA Ait. The salphur-co/omed-Jowered Rose. Identificatimi. AU. Hort. Kew , 2. p. 201. , Lindl. Ros., t. 77. ; Don's Mill. 2 p 608 Stfjionymes. It. hemisphcrica Henn. Diss. 18. j H. glaucophjlla E/irli. Beilr. 2. p. 69. : Bbsn. lOtea fl!)ie plSno Rat. Hist. 147.5. No. 31. ; R. lutea Brot. Fl. Lus. 1. p. 337. ; the double yellow Rose Engravings. Lindl. Kos. t. 77. ; J3ot. Heg., t. 46. ; and oar Jig. .508. Spec. Char., S^c. Stipules linear, divaricate, dilated at the apex. Leaflets glaucous, flattish. Tube hemispherical. (Don's Mill.) Stem prickles unequal, scattered. A deciduous shrub. Levant. Height -t ft. to 10 ft. In- troduced before 1629. Flowers fine trans- parent yellow, double ; July. This sort does not flower freely, except in open airy situations; and, if trained against a ' wall, exposed to the north or east rather than to the south. Its flower buds are apt to burst on one side before they expand, and conse- quently to become deformed ; to prevent this, the blossom buds should be thinned, and care taken that they have abundance of light and air. Watering it freely in the flowering season is found advantageous ; and the shoots, in general, ought not to be shortened. This beautiful species is said to flower freely, if grafted on the musk cluster at 8 or 10 feet from the ground ; or it will do well on the China rose. a 18. R. SAN'GuisoRBiFO^LtA Donn. The Burnet-leaved Rose. Identijication. Donn Hort. Cant., ed. 8. p. 109. ; Don's Mill., 2. p, .'iG9. Si/nonymes. R. spinosissima var. * sanguisorbifblia LiiidL Ros. p. 51. : R. spinos. var. macroph^lla Ser. in Dec. Prod. 2. p. 609. Engraving. Oar fig. \, in p. Spec. Char., S^c. Tall. Prickles nearly equal. Leaflets 9 — 11, oblong, gla- brous, simply serrated. Fruit globose, depressed, dark. (Don's Mill.) An erect shrub. Habitat unknown, most probably Europe Height 3 ft. to 5 ft. Flowers white; May and June. Fruit black ; ripe in September. Easily distinguished by the number of its leaflets, the shortness of its pe- duncles, and by its globose depressed fruit. 568. R. sulphdrea. B. Species Natives of Siberia. Si 19. R. GRANDIFLO^RA Lindl. The large-flowered Rose. Identijication. Lindl. Ros., p. 53. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 509. Synonyme. R. pimpinellifblia .ff?V6. Fl. Taur. 2, p. 304. Engravings. Bot. Reg., t. 888. ; and our^^. 509. Spec. Char., S[c. Branches without bristles. Prickles nearly equal, distant. Leaflets flat, glabrous, simply serrated. (Don's Mill.) A prickly shrub. Siberia. Height 4 ft. to 6 ft. Introduced in 1818. Flowers white ; May and Jime. Fruit dark ; ripe in Sept. DiflTers from R. spinosissima, though scarcely so much as to render it a distinct species. 809 a. giandifiora. R. acieularis lAndL, and R. oxyacantha Bicb., are described in our first edition. C. Species Natives of North America and Sibcrm. Si 20. R. ldte'scens Pursh. The yellow American Rose. Jdentification. Pursh Fl. Amer. Sept., vol. 2. p. 735. ; Lindl. Ros., p. 47. ; Don's Mill,, 2. p 608 Sj/nonyme. R. bispida Curl. Bot. Mag. t. 1570. Engravings. Lindl. Eos., t. 9. ; Bot. Mag., 1. 1570. ; and ouryfe. 670. 830 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BlUTANNICUM. J2. lut^scona. R. spino- Spcc. Char., c^c. Prickles of the branches crowded, unequal, slender, reflexed ; of the branchlets, small and nearly equal. Leaflets flat, glabrous, simply serrated. {Don's Mill.) An erect shrub. North America and Siberia. Height 4 ft. to 6 ft. Introduced in 1780. Flowers pale yellow; May and June. Fruit large, ovate, black. A very distinct variety, or probably species, well deserving a place in botanical collections. ji 21. R. mykiaca'ntha Dec. The myriad-prickled Rose. Identification. Dec. Fl Fr.. 4. p. 439. i Don's Mill., 2. p. 562. S!/non,,mes. R. parvif Mia Pn«. Ros. 62. ? j R. provincial.a Bieb. Fl. Tarn . I. p. 396. ? ; sSssima var. « myriacintha iVr.in Dec. Prod. 2. p. BOB. Engravings. Lindl. Ros., 1. 10. ; and omfig. 671. Spec Char , ^c. Prickles unequal, larger one.s dagger-formed. Leaflets glan- dular, glabrous, orbicular. (Don's Mill.) A diminutive spiny shrub. Siben- Tauri'a'^and also Dauphine,and nearMontpeliei-. Height 1 ft. to 2 ft. Flowers white ; May and June. Fruit dark; ripe in September. Shoots simple and erect, resembling, in many respects, R. spi- nosissima in a stunted state. 571. tt. mTriacf'mtha. ^ 22. R. reve'rsa Waldst. ei Kit. The revarseA-prickled Rose. Identification. Waldst. et Kit. Hung., 3. p. 293. ; Don's Mill., 2. n. 569. Engravings. Waldst. et Kit. Hung., 3. t. 264. ; our ^. 572. Spec. Char., Sfc. Prickles setaceous, nearly equal, reflexed. Leaves doubly ser- rated, pubescent. Fruit hispid. {Don's Milt.) A large rambling shrub. Hungary, on the mountains of Matra, in stony places. Height 2 ft. to 3 ft. Introduced in 1810. Flowers solitary, white, tinged with pink; June and July. Fruit ovate, dark purple; ripe in September. D. Species Natives of Britain. most spiny, or , 2. p. .S68. and our J, 23. R. spiNOSi'ssiMA L. The Scotch, Rose. Identification. Lin. Fl. Suec, 442. ; Sp., 491.; Don's Mill, Engravings. Eng. Bot., 1. 187. ; Havne Abbild., t. 37. fig- 573. Spec. Char., ^c. Prickles unfequal. Leaflets flat, glabrous, simply serrated. {Don's Mill.) A dwarf compact bush, with creeping suckers. Flowers small, solitary, white or blush-coloured. Fruit ovate, or nearly round, black or dark purple. A very spiny shrub. Europe ; plentiful in Britain. Height 1 ft. to 2 ft. Flowers white or blush ; May and June. Fruit purple or black ; ripe in Sept. Varieties. A great many varieties, cross-breds, and hybrids have been raised of this rose, with flowers XXVI. JJOSA~CE^ : RO^SA. 331 double, semidoiible, white, purple, red, and even yellow. The first double variety was found in a wild state, in the neighbourhood of Perth, by Mr. Brown of the Perth Nursery, who raised a number of others from seed. Mr. Austin of the Glasgow Nursery also raised upwards of 50 select vari- eties J and, subsequently, the number of these varieties for sale in the nur- series has become so great, and they are changing their names so often, that it would be useless to attempt to give a list of them in this work. In Mr. Rivers's Abridged List of Roses, in the Rose Amateur's Guide, the following sorts are recommended : Erebus, Guy Mannering, La Neige, Lady Baillie, Queen of May, True yellow, William the Fourth, and Venus. -« 24. R. rube'lla Smith. The reddish Rose. Identification. Smith Eng. Bot., 2521. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. isj. Engravings, Eng. Bot., 2521. ; and our -Jig. 574. Spec. Char., ^c. Prickles slender, straight, crowded. Fruit globose. Leaflets glabrous. Peduncles bristly. (Don's Mill.) A low shrub, with divaricating branches. Eng- land, in Northumberland, on the sandy sea coast. Height 2 ft. to 3 ft. Flowers either blush-coloured, or white blotched with pink, delicately fragrant ; July. Fruit bright scarlet ; ripe in September. A rare species, nearly allied to R- spinosissima a 2.5. R. hibb'enica Smith. The Irish Rose. Identification. Smith in Eng. Bot, 2196. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 669. Engravings. Eng. Bot., t. 2196. ; and our Jig. 575. Spec. Char.,^c. Prickles unequal, slightly hooked, smaller ones bristle-formed. Leaflets ovate, acute, simply serrated, with the ribs hairy beneath. Sepals pinnate. Fruit nearly glo- bular, smooth, as well as the peduncles. {Don's Milt.) A prickly shrub. Ireland, in the counties of Derry and Down, in thickets. Height 4 ft. to 6 ft. Flowers small, light bluish ; June to November. Fruit orange-coloured ; ripe Sept. js 26. R. Wi'lson/ Borr. Wilson's Rose. Identification. Hook. Brit. Flor., p. 228. ; Eng. Bot. Supph, 2723. ; Don's Min.,.2. p. .170. Engravings. Eng. Bot., t. 2723. ; and our fig. S76. Spec. Char., ^-c. Prickles crowded, unequal, straight, inter- mixed with setae. Leaflets simply serrated, hairy, their disks glandless. Sepals simple. Fruit nearly globular. (Don's MUl.) England, near Bangor Ferry. Height 2 ft. to 4 ft. Flowers beautiful dark pink ; June and July. 574. H. ruWlla. 575. R. hib6mica. 7P. P WlLoni. ji, 27. R. involuVa Smith. The involute-p<'/aM Rose. Identification. Smith in Eng. Bot., 2068. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 569. Synonyme. R. nivalis Bonn Hort. Cant. ed. 1. p. 170. Engravings. Eng. Bot., t. 2008.; and cur fig. 577. Spec. Char., S^c. Prickles very une- qual, and very much crowded. Leaf- lets doubly serrated, pubescent. Petals convolute. Fruit prickly. (Don's Mill.) Petals pale red, con. cave. Hebrides, in the Isle of Arran, and in Glen Lyon. A low shruh. Height 2 ft. to 3 ft. Flowers pale red; June. Fruit black; ripe in September. 33'2 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. m 28. R. Sabi'n/ Woods. Sabine's Rose. Identification. Woods in Lin. Trans., 12. p. 188. En^ravinss. Borr. in Eng. Bot. Suppl., t. 2595. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 669. and our fig. 578. Spec. Char., ^c. Peduncles, calyx, fruit, and branches bristly. Prickles scattered, straightish. Leaflets doubly serrated, nearly smooth, with hairy ribs. Se- pals pinnate. (Don's Mill.) Flower stalks rather aggregate. Petals finu red. Fruit ovate, bright scarlet. An upright branchy shrub. Native of Scotland, near Dunkeld ; of England, in Cumberland, Northumber- land, and Yorkshire. Height 5 ft. to 8 ft. Flowers red ; July. Fruit bright scarlet ; ripe in September. 478. n. Sabinf. y^ariety. A plant in the Horticultural Society's Garden is named R. S. gracilis, a 29. R. I>otilA^NA Woods. Don's Rose. Identification. Woods in Lin. Trans., 12. p. 185. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 579. Synonyme. H. Sabln? /3 Lindl, Ros. p. 59. Engravings. Eng. Bot. Sup., t. 2601. ; and our fig. .579. Spec. Char., S^c. Peduncles bractless, bristly, as well as the globular fruit and calyx. Stem bristly and prickly, like the downy petioles. Leaflets elliptical, doubly and sharply serrated, hairy on both sides. Petals spreading. {Bon's Mill.) Segments of the calyx simple. A lai-ge shrub. Highlands of Scot- land, particularly on the mountains of Clova, Angus- shirc. Height 4 ft. to 5 ft. Flowers pink ; June and July. Fruit red ; ripe in September. Variety. There is a variety in the Hort. Soc. Garden. 379 R DonUno. Called R. D. horrfda ; and Dr. Lindley remarks that R. Wilsom Borr. (Eng. Bot. Supp. t. 2723.), R. Sabiniona, and R. involiita are all some of the endless varieties of R. mollis, ouriJ. villosa. No. 35. (Comp. Bot. Mag., i. p. 189.) This rose was named in honour of Mr. Don of Forfar. § V. CentifblicE Lindl. Derivation. From centum, a hundred, and folium, a leaf; because the species contained in this section agree in character with the hundred-leaved rose, which is so double as to seem to have a hundred petals. Sect. Char., Sfc. Shrubs all bearing bristles and prickles. Peduncles brac- teate. Leaflets oblong or ovate, wrinkled. Disk thickened, closing the throat. Sepals compound. — This division comprises the portion of the genus Bosa which has most particularly interested the lover of flowers. It is probable that the earliest roses of which there are any records of being cultivated belonged to this section ; but, to which particular species those of Cyrene or Mount Pangseus are to be referred, it is now too late to enquire. The attar of roses, which is an important article of commerce, is either obtained from roses belonging to this division indiscriminately, as in the manufactory at Florence, conducted by a convent of friars ; or from some particular kind, as in India. (Don's Mill., ii. p. 571. adapted.) Decidu- ous bushes, generally erectish ; natives of Syria, Caucasus, and Middle of Europe. ss 30. B. DAMASCE^NA Mill. The Damascus, or Damask, Rose. Identification. Mill. Diet, No. 15. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 571. Synonymes. R. belgica Mill. Diet. No. 17. ; R. calendSrum Munch. Hausv. ex Bork. Holz. 330., Ros'sig Ros. t. 8. and t. 33. ; R. Wfera Potr. Suppl. 6. p. 276., Bed. Ros. 1. p. 107. and p. 121. ; Hose d quatre Saisons. Engravings. Redout. Ros., 1 . t. 68. ; our fig. 580. of R. d. coccinea ; and ourj?^. 581 . of R. d. sub- alba. Spec. Char., Sfc. Prickles unequal, larger ones falcate. Sepals reflexed XXVI. bosa'ce^ : ifo sa. 333 Fruit elongated. (Bon's Mill.) A bushy shrub. Syria. Height 2 ft. to 8 ft. Introduced in 1573. Flowers large, white or red, single or double ; June and July. Fruit red ; ripe in September. Varieties. There are nearly 100 varieties which are classed under this species ; but it is very doubtful, whether many of them are not hybrids between this and other sorts. Among the names of the varieties classed under this head are, the monthly blush ; the blush damask ; the red and white da- mask J the red and white monthly ; the incomparable ; the crimson per- petual ; and, perhaps, the handsomest variety of the species, the quatre saisons, of which there are six or eight subvarieties ; the royal ; and the York and Lancaster. R, d. oGoclnea. 581. R. daraasc&na sub&lbn. The present species may be distinguished from if. centifolia by the greater size of the prickles, the greenness of the bark, the elongated fruit, and the long reflexed sepals. The petals of this species, and all the varieties of li. centifdlia, as well as those of other species, are employed indiscriminately for the purpose of making roee-water. R. damascena is extremely beautiful, from the size and brilliant colour of its flowers. * 31. if. cbntifo'lia Lin. The hundred-petaled, Provence, or Cab6age,'Rose. Identification. Lin. Sp., 704. ; Don's Mil!., 2. p. 671. S7/nonymes. R. provincialis Mill. Diet. No. 18. ; JR. poly&nthoB Bossig. Bos. t. 35. ; R. caryophjllea Pair. Suppl. 6. p. 276. ; B. unguiculJta Desf. Cat. 175. : B. varians Pohl Bohcm. 2. p. 171. E.tgravings. Bossig. Eos., 1. 1.; Red. Koe., I. p. 25. t. 1. ; and o».r fig. 582. of the double-flowered variety. Spec. Char., Sjc. Prickles unequal, larger ones falcate. Leaflets ciHated with glands. Flowers drooping. Calyxes clammy. Fruit oblong. {BoiCs Mill.) A bushy shrub. Eastern Cauca- sus, in groves. Height 3 ft. to 6 ft. Introduced in 1596. Flowers white or red; single, but most commonly double ; June and July. Fruit red ; ripe in September. Varieties. Above 100 varieties are assigned to this species, which are classed in three divi- sions : — a R. f. 1 provincialis Mill. ; the Provence, or Cabbage, Hoses; among which are the royal and cabbage blush ; the car- 588. K, ceiidfolla. 334 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BIIITANNICUM. mine ; the cluster ; the Duchesse d'Angou- l^me, a very handsome white rose ; the Provence, of which there are upwards of twenty subvarieties ; the prolific ; the striped nosegay ; and the Versailles. 34 R. c. 2 muscosa Mill., the Moss Roses ; among which are the common single (Jig- 583.), the common double, the blush, the dark, the striped, the white, and the crested moss (a. c. m. cristata), and many others. at R. c. 4) pomponia Dec, the Pompone Eases N. DuHam.; R. pomponia Hedoute Kos. p. 63.; among which are the well-known rose de Meaux, an old inhabitant of the gardens; =«^' "•■^■°*^i>»- the mossy de Meaux, the dwarf, and small Provence; the rose de Rheims ; and the common and proliferous pompone. These roses should be cut down every year, when they have done flowering, that they may send up new shoots every spring to produce flowers. If this be not done, the principal branches will dry up, and become bare like those of the bramble. This species is distinguished from R. damascena by the sepals not being reflexed, and the flowers having their petals curved inwards, so as, in the double state, to give the flower the appearance of the heart of a cabbage, whence the name of the cabbage rose. Its fruit is either oblong or roundish, !)ut never elongated. From R. gallica it is distinguished by the flowers being tlrooping, and by the larger size of the prickles, with a more robust habit. -" 32. R. ga'llica Lilt. The French Rose. Identification. Liu. Sp., 704. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 603. Sijnont/mcs. R. cenilX hWa. Mill. Diet. No. 41.; iJ. sylvdtica Galir. Mont. p. 94. ; B. rubra Lam. Fl. Fr. 3. p. 130. j R. hoJo&ericea Rossig. Ros. t. 18. ; R. bclgica Rrot. Fl. Lus. 1. p. 338. ; R. blanda Brot. 1. c. j Rose de Provins, Fr. ; Essig JElose, Gey. Engravings. Mill. Ic, t. 221. f. 2. j Red. Ros., 1. t, 25.; our Jig 584. of tile species ; and.;?^. 855., which is of tlie variety called the Bishop Rose. Spec. Char., Sfc. Prickles unequal. Stipules narrow, divaricate at the tip. Leaflets 5 — 7, coriaceous, rigid, ovate or lanceolate, de- flexed. Flower bud ovate-globose. Sepals spreading during the time of the flowering. Fruit subglobose, very coriaceous. Calyx and peduncle more or less hispid withglanded hairs, somewhat viscose. A species allied to R. centifoHa L., but with round fruit, and very coriaceous leaflets, with more numerous nerves, that are a little prominent, and are anastomosing. {Dec. Prod.) A bushy shrub. Middle of Europe and Caucasus, in hedges. Height 2 ft. to 3 ft. Introduced ?. Flowers red, crimson, or white, single or double ; June and July. Fruit red ; ripe in August. Varieties. The varieties of this species are very numerous ; some of the prmcipal are, the crarao.sie royal crimson, black damask, Fanny Bias, Flanders giant gloria mundi, grand monarque, the Dutch, the blush, the bishop (fig. 583.), and Singleton's, all old favourites in our gardens ; Malta, marbled, severa subvarieties ; mignonne, six or eight sorts; Morocco, negro, mottled black Ninon del'Enclos, Normandy ; officinal, or the rose of the shops, several varieties; purple, 14 sorts ; poppy ; velvet, several itl, R. gjLUica. XXVI. ROS.\^ai.M : RO^SA. 38;J 5S5. R. gilllca. kinds ; ranunculus, rosa mundi, sultana ; Tuscany ; the 7?6sa g. parvifolia, our Jig. o86- The village maid, a striped rose, introduced by Mr. Kogers of Southampton, probably belongs to this species. Besides these, thei'e are numerous distinct va- rieties, which will be found . described in our first edition. The petals of some of the va- rieties of this rose are used in medicine, particularly of that called officinal; which, thoughnot so fragrant as those of the Dutch hundred- leaved rose, another variety, are preferred for their beautiful colour and their pleasant astringency. ^ vi. VillbscE. 586. fi. R. parvifl6r.i Derivation. From villosuSt villous ; in allusion to the hairiness of the species. Sect. Char. Surculi erect. Prickles straightish. Leaflets ovate or oblong, with diverging serratures. Sepals connivent, permanent. Disk thickened, closing the throat. — This division borders equally close upon those of CaninsE and Rubiginosae. From both it is distinguished by its root-suckers being erect and stout. The most absolute marks of difference, however, between this and Canina;, exist in the prickles of the present section being straight, and the serratures of the leaves diverging. If, as is sometimes the case, the prickles of this tribe are falcate, the serratures become more di- verging. The permanent sepals are another character by which this tribe may be known from Caninse. Rubiginosae cannot be confounded with the present section, on account of the unequal hooked prickles, and glandular leaves, of the species. Roughness of fruit and pertnanence of sejials are common to both. (Don's Mill., ii. p. 376.) Deciduous shrubs, mostly with erectish branches. Natives of Middle Europe, or Britain. A. Natives of Middle Europe, not of Sritain. a 33. R. turbixa'ta Ait. The turbinate-ra/yjjcrf, or Frankfort, Rose. IdeTilification. Ait. Hort. Kcw., ed. 1. vol. 2. p. 206. ; Deo. Prod., 2. p. G03. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 576. Sijnnniimcs, R. campanulata Ehrh. Beitr. 6. p. 97. ; R. fran- cotbrLiaiia Munch. Hausv. 5. p. 24.: R. francfurtensisi?0557^. Ros. t. 11. EnpraviTifiS. Jacq. Schonbr., 4. t. 41.5. ; Lawr. Ros., t. 69. ; and our J^. 587. Spec. Char., Sfc. Stem nearly without prickles. Branches smooth. Leaflets 5 — 7, ovate-cor- date, large, wrinkled in a buUate manner, serrate, approximate, a little villous beneath. Stipules large, clasping the stem or branch. Flowers disposed subcorymbosely, large, vio- laceous red. Peduncles wrinkled and hispid. Calyx turbinate, smoothish. Sepals undi- vided, subspathulate. (Z)ec. Prorf.) An erect- .',b7. a. mibinto. ish shrub. Germany. Height 4 ft. to 6 ft. Introduced in 1629. Flowers large, red, and loose ; June and July. Varieties. R. t. 1 francofurtdna Ser., and R. t. 2 orbessuna Ser., are the com- monest forms of this species. 336 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. a 34. R. a'lba Lin. The common white Rose. Identification. Lin. Sp., 706. ; Lawr. Eos., t, 23. 25. 32. 37.; CEd. Fl. Dan., t. 1215.; Red. Ros., 1. p. 97. and p. 17. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 577. Si/nonyme, R. usitatissima Gat. Montaub. t. 94. Engravings. Lawr. Ros., t. 23. 25. 32. 37. ; CEd. Fl. Dan., t. 1218. : Red. Ros., 1. p. 17. and p. 97. ; Gat. Montaub., t. 94. ; our fig. 588. of the species ; and J^. 589. of the double variety comraon in gardens. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaf- lets oblong, glau- cous, rather naked above, simply ser- rated. Prickles straightish or fal- cate, slender or strong, without bristles. Sepals pin- nate, reflexed. Fruit unarmed. (Don^s Mill.) A large 688. R.Mi«. shrub. Piedmont, Denmark, France, and Saxony. Height i ft. to 10 ft. Introduced in 1597. Flowers lari^e, either white, or of the most delicate blush colour, with a grateful fragrance ; June and July. Fruit oblong, scarlet, or blood-coloured ; ripe in September. Varieties. The garden varieties are very numerous ; and some of the most beautiful are the double, semidouble, and single blush ; the celestial, a well- known favourite ; the great, small, and cluster maiden's blush ; the double thornless ; and the double, semidouble, and single white. The rose blanche a cceur vert, the bouquet blanc, and the blanche de la Belgique. are well- known and beautiful varieties of this species. B. Natives of Europe and Britain. a 35. if. viLLO^SA Lin. The villous-/ea»ed Rose. Identification. Lin. Sp., 704. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 676. Synonymes. R. m611is Smith in Eng. Bat. t. 2459. ; R. tomentbsa j3 Lindt. Ros. p. 77. ; R. heteroph^lla Woods in Lin. Trans. 12. p. 195. ; R. pulch§l[a Woods L e. p. 196. ; R. pomifera Herm. Diss. 16. Engravings. Eng. Bot, t. 2459. ; and our ^g. 690. Spec. Char., S;c. Leaflets rounded, bluntish, downy all over. Fruit globose, rather depressed, partly bristly. Sepals slightly compound. Branches without bristles. (Don's Mill.) A rambling shrub. Europe, in hedges ; in Britain, in bushy rather mountainous situations in Wales, Scot- land, and the North of England. Height 5 ft. to 6 ft. Flowers red or pink ; July. Fruit purple ; ripe Sept. Varieties. R. gracilis Woods, R. Sherardi Davies, R. syl- vestris Lindl., are described in our first edition. Avery variable plant. (See No. 29. p. 332.) 590. A. vlU&sa. 36 3§. R. TOMEiSTO^SA Smith. The tomentoso, or woolly-leaved, Rose. Identification. Smith Fl. Brit., 539.; Eng, Bot, 990.; Don's Mill., 2. p. .WS. Synonymes. R. viU6sa.EA7-A. Arb.'p.Ab.^Du Roi Harhk.% p. 341., m. Dan., t. 1468., B. moUissima BSrk. Holi.. p. 307. i R. dflbia Wibcl Wirth. p. 263. ; R. villbsa /3 Iluds. 219. Engravings. Red. Ros., 2. p. 39. and p. 88. ; Eng. Bot., t. 990. ; and OMtfig. 591. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaflets ovate, acute, more or less downy. Fruit .elliptical, hispid. Sepals pinnate. XXVI. ilOSA CE^ : BO SA. 337 Prickles slightly curved. Petals white at the base. A rambling shrub. {Don's Mil!.) Europe, in hedges and thickets ; plentiful in Britain. Height 6 ft. Flowers pink ; June and July. Fruit scarlet ; ripe in September. § vii. RuMf/indsec Lindl. Derivation. From rubiginosuSt rusty ; the leaves of the species being usually furnished with rust- coloured glauds beneath. Sect. Char., Sf-c. Prickles unequal, sometimes bristle-formed, rarely wanting. Leaflets ovate or oblong, glandular, with diverging serratures. Sepals per- manent. Disk thickened. Root-shoots arched. The numerous glands on the lower surface of the leaves will be sufficient to prevent anything else being referred to this section ; and although R. tomentosa has sometimes glandular leaves, the inequality of the prickles of the species of Rubigi- nosae, and their red fruit, will cleairly distinguish them. (Don's Mill., ii. p. 577.) — This division includes all the eglantine, or sweet-briar roses, which are for the most part erect or erectish bushes with deciduous leaves. Na- tives of Britain, Middle Europe, and Caucasus. A. Species Natives of Britain, s, 37. R. RUBIGINO^SA Lin. The msty-leaved Rose, Sweet Briar, or Eglantine. Identification. Lin. Mant., 2. p. 594. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 604. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 577- Synonipnes. R. suavifOlia Lighlf. Scot. I. p. 261., Ft. Dan. t. 870.; it. Egtantin'n Mill. Diet. No. 4., Lin. Sp. edit. 1. p. 491. ; B. agrestis Savi Ft. Pis. p. 475. ; Jt. rubiginosa parvitldra Sau. Enum. 135. Engravings. Eng. Bot., t. 991. ; Lawr. Ros., t. 41 . 61. 6.5. 72. and 74. ; and our ^. 592. Spec. Char., Sfc. Prickles hooked, compressed, with smaller straighter ones interspersed. Leaflets elliptical, doubly serrated, hairy, clothed beneath with rust-coloured glands. Sepals pinnate, and bristly, as well as the peduncles. Fruit obovate, bristly towards the base. (Don's Mill.) A ram- bling shrub. Europe, and Caucasus ; in Britain, in bushy places, on a dry gravelly or chalky soil. Height 4 ft. to 6 ft. Flowers pink ; June and July. Fruit scarlet, obovate or elliptic ; ripe in September. Leaves sweet-scented when bruised. Varieties. Eleven are described in our first edition. Some of the best for a rosarium are, the blush, cluster, double, dwarf, semidouble, mossy, scarlet, tree double, and white semidouble. • a^ 38. R. micra'ntha Sm. The small-flowered Rose, or Sweet Briar. Identification. Smith in Eng. Bot., t. 2490. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 578. Synonyme. S. rubiginbsa ^ micr&ntha Lindl. Bos. p. 87., witli erroneous synonyraes. Engravings. Eng. Bot., t 2490. ; and oxirfigs. 693, ,594. Spec. Char., ^c. Prickles hooked, scattered, nearly uni- form. Leaflets ovate, doubly serrated, hairy, glandular beneath. Sepals pinnate. Fruit elliptic, rather bristly, contracted at the summit. Stems straggling. (Don's Mill.) A bush with arched shoots, and strag- gling branches. Britain, in hedges and thickets, chiefly in the South of England. Height 5 ft. to 6 ft. Flowers '"_'■ "' """""""■ small, pale red ; June and July. Fruit coral red, ovate ; ripe in September. ^ 39. K. SE^piUM Tlmil. The Hedge Rose, or Briar. Identificatioi. Thuil. Fl. Par., 2ra.: Borr. in Eng. Bot. Suppl., t. 2653.; Don's Mill., 2. p. 578. Synonyvtes. R. helvetica and R. myrtifWia Hall ; B. canlna /3 Dec. Fl. Fr. ed. 3. No. 3617. ; B. agrestis Savi Fl. Pis. 1. p. 474. ; B. biserrJita, B. macrocirpa, and B. stipulkris Mer. Fl. Par. 190. ex Vesv. f. 75. Engravings. Eng. Bot. Suppl., t. 2653. ; and our fig. 595. Z 5^2. R. rubiglndsa. 838 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BKITANNICUM. 595. R. bepium. Spec. Char.. Sfc. Prickles slender. Branches flexuous. Leaf- lets shining, acute at both ends. Flowers usually solitary. Fruit polished. Sepals pinnate, with very narrow segment!-. (JJoris Mill.) Adensely branched bush. Europe, in hedges; in England, near Bridport, Warwickshire. Height 4 ft. to 6 ft. Flowers small, pale yellowish pink ; June and July. F'ruit small, oblong-ovate, scarlet; ripe in September. a 4-0. R. iNODO^RA. The scentless Rose. Identification. Eng. Bot. Suppl., 2610. ; Hood ed. 2. 232. Synonymes. R. dumetbrum Eng. Hot. 2579. ; R. B6rrer; Smith Eng. Fl. 2398., Don's Mill. 2. p. 580. ; R. rubiginbsa var. inodbra Lijidl. Ros. Monog. 101. Engravings. Eng. Bot. 2579. ; and our.;^. 596. Spec. Char., Sfc. Prickles hooked. Leaflets ovate ; doubly serrated, without glands. Sepals pinnate, often doubly pinnate, deciduous. Flower stalks aggregate, hairy. Fruit elliptical, smooth. (Don's Mill.) A stout bush. Britain. Not very un- frequent in hedges and thickets. Height 6 ft. to 7 ft. Flowers pink ; June and July. Fruit elliptic, or nearly globose, scarlet. The foliage has, notwithstanding the specific name, a scent more or less faint, according to the number of glands '■'''• "• '•^■'^"~ developed in different individuals ; but it resembles rather the turpentine odour of the plants of the preceding section than the fragrance of the sweet briar. B. Species Natives of Middle Europe. M 41. R. lu'tea Dodon. The yellow Eglantine Rose. Identffkalion. Dodon. Pempt., 187. ; Mill. Diet., No. 11. : Don's IHill., 2. p. 577. Synonymes. R. Eglanteria Lin. Sp. 703., Red. Ros. I. p. 69. ; R. fce'tida Herm. Diss. 18. ; R. chlorophylla Bhrh. JBeitr. 2. p. 69. ; R. cfirea Rossig. Ros. t. 2. Engravings. Lawr. Ros., t. 12. ; Bot. Mag., t. 363. ; Red. Ros., 1. p. 69.; Rossig. Ros., t. 2. ; and our^^. 597. Spec. Char., S^c. Prickles straight. Leaflets deep green. Sepals nearly entire, setigerous. Petals flat, concave. Flowers deep yellow, large, cup-shaped, solitary. Fruit unknown. A branchy shrub. Germany and the South of France. Height 3 ft. to 4 ft. Introduced in 1596. Flowers deep yellow ; June. Vaiietics. J, R. /. 2 subrubra Red. Ros. iii. p. 73., with a fig. - hispid and glandular. Leaves and petioles glabrous. Stem prickly at the base. Prickles unequal, scattered. Petals of a lurid red above, and yellowish, beneath. Stigmas yellow. {Don's Mill.) M R. /. 3 punicea Lindl. Ros. p. 84. ; R. pu- nicea Mill. Diet. No. 12., Rossig. Ros. t. 5. ; R. cinnamomea Roth Fl. Germ. i. p. 217.; R. lutea bicolor Jacq, Vind. i. t. 1., Lawr. Ros. t. 6., Bot. Mag. 1. 1077. ; R. Eglanteria punfcea Red. Ros. i. p. 71. t. 24. ; R. Eglanteria bicolor Dec. Fl. Fr. iv. p. 437. ; and our Jig. 598. ; has the petals scarlet above, and yellow beneath. J" R. I. i: flore plena. Williams's double yellow Sweet Briar.— A. very beautiful variety, and a free flowerer, raised from seeds by Mr. Wil- liams of Pitmaston. Horticultural Society's Garden. ji R. /. 5. Hoaan D. Don in Swt. Brit. Fl. Gard. t. 410. Hogg's yellow -Peduncles rather 59S. R. 1. punicea. ii*. XXVI. iJOSA'CE^: iiO^SA. 339 American Rose. — Pretty, and a free flowerer. Raised by Mr. Hogg, nurseryman, in New York, from seeds of the single yellow rose. Horticultural Society's Garden. Other Species belonging to this Section. — E. iberica Smith, native of Eastern Iberia; iJ. glutinosa Smith, native of Greece; R. Kliikij Bess., native of Tauria ; R. suaveolens Pursh, native of North America ; and R. iVlonteziimec. Char., S^c. Branches dark green, armed with scattered, compressed, hooked prickles, and a very few glands. An erectish sub-evergreen shrub. Leaflets 3 — 5, ovate-lanceolate, crenate- serrated, shining above, but glaucous and slightly setigerous beneath. Sepals compound, narrow. Fruit spherical. (^Don's Mill.) China. Height 8 ft. to 10 ft. Introduced in 1789. Flowers solitary, single, or semidouble, deep crimson ; April to November. Fruit red ; ripe September. There are some very splendid varieties of this species, with semidouble crimson flowers. They are all free growers, and abundant flowerers ; and few plants are more ornamental against the walls of a cottage. a. 51. R. LawrencE/I^j?/! Swt. Miss Lawrence's China Rose, Identification. Sweet Hort. Suburb. ; Lindl. Kos., p. 110. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 582. Synonymes. R. semperflbrens minima Sims Bot. Mag. t. 1762. ; R. Indica var. a acuminata Red. Ros. 1. p. 53. ; H. indica Lawrenceana Red. Rob. 2. p. 38. Engravings. Red. Ros., 1. p. -53. ; and om fig. 616. Spec. Char., Sfc. Dwarf. Prickles large, stout, nearly straight. Leaflets ovate acute, finely serrated. Petals acuminated. (Dun's Mill.) A low shrub. China. Height z 4 R. semperflorens. 615. R. Lawroncedna. 344 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. 1 ft. Introduced in 1810. Flowers small, single or semidouble, pale blush ; April to November. The beautiful little plants called Fairy Roses, or Miniature Roses, in Rivers's Ahridged List, ate nearly all varieties of R. Lawrenceana ; and they are well worthy of culture, from their extreme dwarfness (often flowering when not more than 6 in. high), and the beautiful colour of their miniature rosebuds, the petals of which appear of a much darker hue than tho^e of the expanded flower. Rivers enumerates five select varieties, of which he says the Gloire des Lawrencianas is one of the prettiest. Th ilky Rose. 106. i Don's Mill., J 52. R. sERi'cEA Lindl. Xdentijication. Lindl. Ros. Monog., p. 581. Engravings. Lindl. Ros. Monog., t. 12. ; and our fig. 616. Spec. Char., Sfc. Prickles stipular, compressed. Leaflets? — II, oblong, obtuse, serrated at the apex, silky beneath. Flowers solitary, bractless. Sepals entire, ending in long points. {DotHs Mill. ) A shrub. Gossainthan. Height 4 ft. to 6 ft. Flowers ? pale red. Fruit in peduncles, naked. 616. R. scricca. § ix. SystylcB Lindl. Derivation. From sun, together, and stulos, a stile ; in reference to the styles being connected. Sect. Char. Styles cohering together into an elongated column. Stipules adnate. The habit of this section is nearly the same as that of the last division. The leaves are frequently permanent. (Don's Mill.) Deciduous, evergreen, or sub-evergreen, and mostly climbing. Natives of Britain, Middle Europe, Asia, Africa, and North America. A. Species Natives of Britain, and other Parts of Europe. 1 J: 53. R. sy'styla Bat. The connate-styled Rose. Mentificcition. Bat Fl. Main, et Loir. Suppl., 31. ; Don's Mill , 2. p. .582. Synonymes. R. collina Smith in Eng. Bot. t. 1895. ; R. stylbsa Ttesv. Journ. Hot. 2. p. 317. , R. brevistyla Dec. Fl. Fr. Suppl. p. 537. ; R. bibracteSta Dec. 1. c. ; R. s^sty\& X ovktu Lindl Bos. p. 111. Engravings. Eng. Bot., t. 1895. ; and our^. 617. Spec. Char., Sjc. Shoots assurgent. Prickles strong, hooked. Peduncles glandular. Sepals pinnate, deciduous. Styles smooth. Floral receptacle conical. {Doris Mill.) A rambling shrub. France and England, in hedges and thickets ; common in Sussex ; in the South of Scotland, on hills. Height 6 ft. to 12 ft. Flowers fragrant, pink or almost white ; May to July. Fruit scarlet, ovate oblong. There are several varieties, but they do not diflfer materially in appearance from the species. Ijt 54'. R. abve'nsis Huds. The Field Rose. Identification. Huds. Fl. Angl., ed. 1. p. 192. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 696. Synonymes. .^. sylvestris fl^rn. Dim. p. 10. ; R. scknA&m Mcench Weiss. PI p 118.: 22. herpe- rhodon Ehrh.^ Beitr. 2. p. 69. ; R. HSllere Krok, Siles. 2, p. 160. ; R. ffisca Mcench Meth. p. 688. ; R. serpens Ehrh. Arbor, p. 31). ; R. sempervlrens Rossig. Ros. ; R. rSpens Omel. Fl. Bad. Als. 2. p. 418., Jacq. Fragm. p. 69. t. 104. ; R. r&mpans Reyn. Mim. Lam. 1. p. 69. t 6. Engravings. Eng. Bot., t. 188. ; Bot. Mag., t. 2054. ; and om Jig. 618. Spec. Char., Src. Shoots cord-like. Prickles unequal and falcate. Leaves de- ciduous, and composed of 5—7 glabrous, or indistinctly ciliated, leaflets, glau- cescent beneath. Stipules diverging at the tip. Flowers solitary or globose. XXVI. ieosA^cE^: bo^sa. 345 618. R. aiv^nsls. Leaflets ovate, Sepals almost entire, short. Styles cohering into an elongated glabrous column. Fruit ovate, or ovate-globose, coriaceous, crimson, glabrous, or a little hispid, as well as the peduncles. (Dec. Prod.) Trailing, or climbing, decidu- ous ; in some situations sub-evergreen. Europe, in many places ,- in England, in hedges and thickets and the borders of fields, chiefly in the midland counties. Stems 20 ft. to 40 ft. Flowers white ; July. Fruit dark blood- coloured ; ripe in September. Varieties. Several varieties are enumerated in catalogues ; the following appear distinct, and of general interest : — _i J: S_ !U R. a. 2 ai/reshirea Ser. R. capreolata KeiU in Edin. Phil. Journ, No. 3. p. 102. — Sub-evergreen. Prickles slender, very acute, sharply serrated, thin, nearly of the same colour on both surfaces. Peduncles hispid with glanded hairs, or wrinkled. A vigorous- growing climber, producing shoots sometimes 20 ft. in length in one season, and flowering profusely from the middle of May to the middle of September. One of the hardiest of climbing roses, and particularly useful for covering naked walls, or unsightly roofs. Cul- tivated in British gardens under the name of the Ayrshire Rose. 1 Jt R. o. 3 hyhrida Lindl. Ros. 1 13. has semidouble flowers, of a most delicate flesh colour, and is called, in the nurseries, the double hip rose ; the terra hip rose being applied by gardeners to the com- monest wild roses. In open situations, a trailing plant, sometimes rooting at the joints ; but, in hedges and among bushes, a climber by elongation ; reaching to their tops, and covering them with tufts of foliage and flowers ; the leaves remaining on late in the season ; and the fruit often remaining on all the winter. The shoots are, in general, feeble, much divided, and entangled ; and they gene- rally produce, here and there, rugged excrescences, which readily take root, B. Species Natives of Middle Europe. fi- *~ 55. R. (a.) sempervi'rens Lin. The evergreen (Field) Rose. Identification. Lin. Sp., 704. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 597. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 683. Synonyines. K. ficandens MUl. Diet. No. 8. ; R. baledrica Desf. Cat. Pers. Erich. 2. p. 49. ; B. atrovlrens Viv. Ft. Ital. 4. t. 6. ; B. sempervlrens globfisa Red. Ros. 2., with a fig. ; R. semper- vlrens var. u. sc&ndens Tiec. Ft. Fr. 5. p. 533. Engravings. Lawr. Ros., t. 45. ; BoL Reg., t. 459. ; and our Jig. 619. Spec. Char., S;c. Evergreen. Shoots climbing. Prickles pretty equal, falcate. Leaves of 5 — 7 leaflets, that are green on both sides, coriaceous. Flowers almost solitary, or in corymbs. Sepals nearly entire, longish. Styles cohering into an elongate pilose column. Fruit ovate or ovate globose, orange-coloured. Peduncles mostly hispid with glanded hairs. Closely allied to R. arvensis, but differing in its being evergreen, in its leaves being coriaceous; and in its stipules being subfalcate, and more acute at the tip. (Dec. Prod.) A vigorous evergreen climber. France, Portugal, Italy, at Paestum and other places, Greece, and the Balearic Islands. Stem 20 ft. to 40 ft. Introduced in 1629. Flowers white or pale rose-coloured ; June to August. Fruit orange-coloured ; ripe in September. Varieties. Several varieties are enumerated in catalogues ; those which we consider best worth mentioning are, — 619. H. bcmiie.v 346 AaBOIlETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. -I ^ R. (a.) s. 2 Ttusselhkna, raised from seed by Mr. Sinclair of the New Cross Nursery. A very strong-growing variety, quite deciduous, with blush flowers. 1 -i R. (a.) s. 3 Clareu The Rose Clare. (Bot. Reg., t. ] 4.38.) —An ele- gant variety, with deep red flowers. Both these varieties are as much entitled to be considered species, as many so designated in this enumeration. Used for the same purposes as the Ayrshire rose ; from which it diifers in re- taining its leaves the greater part of the winter, and in its less vigorous shoots. C. Species Natives of Asia, and One of them of Africa. 1 56. R. MULTiFLO^RA Thwib. The many-flowered Rose. Identification. Thunb. Fl. Jap., 214. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 698. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 583. Synonymes. R. Mva Dmn Hart. Cant. ed. 4. p. 1-21. ; R. Sorida Pair. Suppl. ; R. dlffQsa Roxb. Engravings. Bot. Mag., t. 1059. ; Bot. Reg., t. 42.5. ; and our fig. 620. Spec. Char., S^c. Branches, peduncles, and calyxes tomentose. Shoots very long. Prickles slender, scattered. Leaflets 5 — 7, ovate-lanceolate, soft, finely wrinkled. Stipules pectinate. Flowers' in corymbs, and, in many instances, very numerous. Buds ovate globose. Sepals short. Styles protruded, incompletely grown together into a long hairy column. (Z>«c. Prod.) A deciduous climbing shrub. Japan and China. Stems 10ft. to 30 ft. Introduced in 1822. Produces a profusion of clustered heads of single, semi- double, or double, white, pale red, or red, flowers in June and July. Fruit bright red ; ripe in ' September. Varieties. -I R. m.'2 Grevillei Hort, R. Roxburgh^; Hort. ; R. platyphylla Red. Ros. p. 69. ; 5,„. „. „„„i„,,„. The Seven Sisters Rose. (Our/g. 621.) — A beautiful variety, with much larger and more double flowers, 621. R. multifl6ra Gievillei. of a purplish colour. No climbing rose better deserves cultivation XXVI. bosa'ce^ : leo'sA. 347 against a wall. It is easily known from R. multiflora by the fringed edge of the stipules ; while those of the common R. multiflora (Jig. 621. a) have much less fringe, and the leaves are smaller, with the leaflets much less rugose. The form of the blossoms and corymbs is pretty nearly the same in both. A rapid-growing variety, producing shoots 18 ft. to 20 ft. long in a season, flowering profusely for two or three months, but only of three or four years duration. \ R. m. 3 BoursauU'i Hort., BoursauWs Rose, is placed, in Don's Millar, under this species ; though it differs more from the preceding variety than many species do from each other. It is comparatively a hard- wooded durable rose, and valuable for flowering early and freely This is a very remarkable rose, from its petals having a reticulated appearance. The species is very distinct, and produces numerous blossoms, which con- tinue expanding for two months. The first variety, when well grown against a wall, forms one of the most beautifiil of wall roses. This variety and the species may be considered as rather tender, but they will not thrive under 1 -* 57. R. BrunoV// Lindl. Brown's Rose. Idemmaaion. Lindl. Kos. Monog. p. 120. t. 14. j Dec. Prod., 2. p. 598. Stinonyme. R. Br6wnii Spreng. Syst, 2. p. 556. Erigravings. LindL Rosar. Monog., 1 14. ; and our^. 622. Spec. Char., S^c. Shoots trailing. Prickles of the stem stout and arched. Leaflets 5 — 7, lanceolate, pilose on both surfaces ; the under one glandulous, and of a different colour from the upper one. Stipules narrow, acute. Inflorescence corymbose. Pedun- cles and calyxes pilose, and a little hispid. Sepals entire, narrow, and longish. Styles cohering into a very long pilose column. Fruit ovate. Leaves simply serrated. Flowers in terminal bunches. (Dec. Prod.) A rambling shrub. Nepal. Stems 10 ft. to 1 2 ft. Introduced in 1822. Flowers white or pale red ; June and July. 1 J: 58. R. moschaVa Mill. The Musk Rose. 622. K. Brun&nti. Identification. Mill. Diet., No. 13. ; Red. et Thor. Hos., 1. p. 33. io. Monog. p. 121. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 598. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 683. Swionymes. R. opsoBtimma Eftrh. Beitr. 2. p. 72. ; R. glanduUfera Roxb. Engravings. Red. et Thor. Ros., 1. p. 33. ic, and p. 99. ic. ; and oor^. 623. Spec. Char., S^c. Shoots ascending. Prickles upon the stem slender, recurved. Leaflets 5 — 7, lanceolate, acuminate, nearly glabrous, the two surfaces of different colours. Stipules very narrow, acute. Flowers, in many in- stances, very numerous ; white, with the claws of the petals yellow ; very fragrant. Lateral peduncles jointed, and, as well as the calyx, pilose, and almost hispid. Sepals almostpin- nately cut, long. Fruit red, ? ovate. (Dec.) A rambling shrub. North of Africa, extend- ing across the continent from Egypt to Mo- gador ; and in Madeira. Stems 10 ft. to 12 ft. Introduced in 1596. Flowers white ; July to October. and p. 99. ic. ; Lindl. Rosar. 623, R. TiiD»?hLl«. Varieties J .* R. m. 2fldreplcno G. Don. — Flowers double. 348 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETI.1M BRITANNICUM. R m.TiWea. ^ R. m. 3 nivea Lindl. (Bot. Reg., t. 861.; and our /g. 624.) ft. nivea Dupont, not of Dec. ; R. m. ? var. rosea Ser. in Dec, Prod. — Leaflets 3 — 5, ovate-cordate, subacuminate, large. Flowers disposed in an im- perfectly corymbose manner. Pe- duncle and • calyx a little hispid. Petals white, or pale rose-coloured, large, obcordate. This is a very beautiful variety ■- tlie petals are white, with a most delicate, yet rich, tinge of blush. 1 jc R. VI. 4 nepalensis Lindl. (Bot. Reg., t. 829. ; and our Jig. 625.) differs from the species in having longer and acuminated sepals. Raised at Claremont, from Nepal seed, in 1824 OtJier Vaiieties. In Rivers's Abridged List of Roses, published in 1840, the kinds recommended are, the Fringed, Princesse de Nassau, and Tea- scented ; the latter a hybrid, with large flowers of a pure white, with a peculiar habit and perfume. The branches of the musk rose are generally too weak to support, without props, its large bunches of flowers, which are produced in an umbcl-lifce manner at their extremities; and hence the plants require very little pruning. Being rather tender, it does best against a wall. The musky odour is very perceptible, even at some distance from the plant, particularly in the eve- ning ; and this musk gives the peculiar odour to the 6M. B.,..nep.i4„.i,. Persian attar of roscs. ■ D. Species Natives of North America. M 59. R. iJUBiFo'nA ft. Br. The Bramble-leaved Rose. Idrntijication. R. Brown in Ait Hort. Kew., ed. 2. vol. 3. p. 200. ; Lindl. Rosar. Monog., p. 123. ic. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. .MS. Engravings. LindL Rosar. Monog., t. 15. ; and our^. 626. Spec. Char., Sfc. Stems ascending. Branches glabrous. Prickles scattered, falcate. Leaves pubescent beneath. Leaflets 3, ovate-lanceo- late, serrate. Stipules narrow, entire. Flowers very small, of a rosy colour, mostly solitary. Buds ovate. Sepals ovate, short, simple. Pe- duncles and calyxes a little hispid. Styles cohering into a tomentose club-shaped column, as long as the stamens. Fruit pea-shaped. 'Dec^ A shrub. North America. Height 3 ft. to 4 ft. Introduced in 1830. Flowers pale red ; August and September. Fruit scarlet ; ripe in October. { X. 5(mA«ianae Lindl. Jdcntifimtion. Lindl, Ros.. p. 125. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 584- Derivation. So called in consequence of all the species contained In this section agreeing in cha- racter with R. BanksrV?, a rose named in honour of Lady Banks. Sect. Char., ^c. Stipules nearly free, subulate, or very narrow, usually deci- duous. Leaflets usually ternate, shining. Stems climbing. The species of XXVI. flOSA^CE^: BO^SA. 349 this section are remarkable for their long, graceful, and often climbing shoots, drooping flowers, and trifoliolate shining leaves. They are particularly dis- tinguished by their deciduous, subulate, or very narrow stipules. Their fruit is very variable. {Don's Mill.) — Kambling shrubs, deciduous, or sub evergreen ; somewhat tender in British gardens, where they only succeed when planted against a wall. Natives of China. i. 60. S. si'nica Ait. The trifoliate-leaved China Rose. Identijication. Ait. Hort. Kew., e4 2. VOL 3. p. 261. ; Lindl. Eos., p. 126. t. 16. i Don's Mill., 2. p. 684. Synonymes, &. trifoliMa Base Diet, ex Pair. ; R. tern^ta Pair. Suppi. 6. p. 284. ; B. che- rokeensis Donn Hort. Cant. ed. 8. p. 170. ; R. nlvea Dec. Hort. Monsp. 137., Bed. Bos. 2. p. 81. with afig. ; B. hys. trix LindL Monog. ; B. \sEvi- g^ta Michx. Engravings. Lindt Ros., t. ]6. ; Hook. Bot. Mag., 2847. j BoL Reg., 1922. ; our.^. 627. after Redoute ; and Jig. 628. after Bot. Reg. 6S8. «. sinica Spec. Char., Sfc. Stipules setaceous, deciduous. Cauline.prickles equal, falcate. Petioles and ribs of leaves prickly. Peduncles and fruit beset with straight bristles. Sepals entire, permanent. Flowers white, solitary. Fruit elliptic, orange-red. Disk conical. {Don's Mill.) A rambling sub-evergreen shrub. China. Height 6 ft. to 8 ft. Introduced in 1739. Flowers white; May and June. Fruit orange red ; ripe in September. ^ 61. E, Ba'nksJ^ B. Br. Ladt/ Banks's Rose. Identification. R. Br. in Ait Hort. Kew., ed. 2. vol. 3. p. 256. ; Lindl. Rosar. Monog., p. 131. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 601. Syn&nt/Tnes. JR. Banksi^na Abel Chin. 160., ; R. inermis Boxi. ? Engravings. Bot. Mag., 1 1954. ; Red. et Thor. Ros., 2. p. 43. ic. ; and our^^. 629. Spec. Char., S^c. Without prickles, glabrous, smooth. Leaflets 3- — 5, lanceolate, sparingly serrated, ap- proximate. Stipules bristle- like, scarcely attached to the petiole, rather glo.ssy,deciduous. Flowers in umbel-like corymbs, numerous, very double, sweet- scented, nodding. Tube of the calyx a little dilated at the tip. Fruit globose, black. (Dec. Prod.) A climbing deciduous shrub. China. Stems 10 it. to 30 ft. Introduced in 1807. Flowers white ; June and July. Fruit black. 629. R. Bi.T±suE. 630. R. £&nksi(e Itltea. Variety. 1 R. .B. 2 lutea Lindl. (Bot. Reg., t. 1 lOS., and our fig. 630.) has the flowers of a pale buff colour, and is a very beautiful variety. This is an exceedingly beautiful and very re- markable kind of rose ; the flowers being small, round, and very double, on long peduncles, and resembling in form the flowers of the double French cherry, or that of a small ranunculus, more than those of the generality of roses. The flowers of R. Banksi(E alba are remarkably fragrant ; the scent strongly resembling that of violets. Plants of neither variety thrive in the atmosphere of the metropolis. 330 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. Some which had attained a large size at Kew, and other places in the neigh bourhood of London, were killed by the winter of 1837-8. j_ 62. R. microoa'rpa Lindl. The small-fruited Rose. Jdenliflcntion. LIndl. Kos. Mon., 130. t. 18. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 601. Synxmyme. R. cymt)sa Tratt. Ros. 1. p. 87. JEngravings. Lindl. Rosar. Monog., t. 18. ; and our^. GSI. Spec. Ghar., Sfc. Prickles scattered, recurved. Leaf- lets 3 — 5, lanceolate, shining, the two surfaces different in colour. Petioles pilose. Stipules bristle-shaped or awl-shaped, scarcely attached to the petiole, deciduous. Flowers disposed in di- chotomous corymbs. Peduncles and calyxes gla- brous. Styles scarcely protruded higher than the plane of the spreading ofthe flower. Fruit globose, pea-shaped, scarlet, shining. AUied to R. BanksziE. (Dec. Prod.) A rambling sub-evergreen shrub. China, in the province of Canton. Height 8 ft. to 10 ft. Introd. 1822. Flowers white, numerous, small; May to September. R. mlcroc&rpa. ^ 63. R. hy'stbix Lindl. The Porcupine Rose, Identiflcalim. Lindl. Ros. Monog., p. 129. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 694. Engravings. Lindl. Ros. Monog., 1. 17. ; and ourjig, 632. Spec. Char., 8;c. Prickles on branches unequal, crowded, larger ones falcate, small ones straight. Stipules very narrow, united half way, the free part deciduous. Leaflets three, smooth, ovate, shining, simply serrated, with a few prickles on the middle nerve. Sepals nearly entire ; permanent. Fruit bristly. {Don's Mill.} A rambling shrub, with flagelliform branches. China and Japan. Flowers large, solitary. Fruit oblong purple. Other Species and Varieties of Rosa. — In the cata- logue of Messrs. Loddiges, 1 47 species are registered, s"' k-MsWi. of all of which, with one or two exceptions, there are living plants. The garden varieties in the same collection amount to about 1300. There is indeed no end to the garden varieties, new ones being every year raised from seed, and old varieties every year disappearing. New species are also occasionally introduced, and several have been lately raised in the Hort. Soc. Garden from Himalavan seeds. For species we recommend the cul- tivator to have recourse to the collection of Messrs. Loddiges, and for garden varieties to the most fashionable nurserymen of the time. In Rivers's Abridged List of Roses, 184)0, he recommends, as a selection for small gardens : — Pro- vence roses, 7 ; moss roses, 8 ; hybrid Provence roses, 7 ; hybrid China i-oses, 20; French roses, 16; JJosa alba, 9 ; damask roses, 6; Scotch roses, 8; sweet briars, .5 ; Austrian briars, 2 ; Ayrshire roses, 6 ; Rosa multiflfira, 3 ; evergreen roses, 7 ; Boursault roses, 4 ; Banksian roses, 2 ; hybrid climbin" roses, 4; perpetual roses, 12; Bourbon roses, 7; China roses, 15 ; tea-scented roses, 1 1 ; miniature roses, 5 ; Noisette roses, 12 ; musk roses, 3 ; Macartney roses, 3 ; Rosa, microphylla, 3. In all, 185 sorts ; which would form a very efficient rosarium. Soil and Situation adapted for Roses. The common wild roses will grow in very poor soil, provided it be dry ; bat all the cultivated sort.s require a soil naturally light and free, and more or less enriched. The situation sliould be open and airy, exposed to the east, or, in warm situations, to the north, rather than to the south; because the intensity of the sun's rays accelerates too rapidly the expansion of the flowers, and also diminishejs the colour and fragrance of the petals. A rose-garden. XXVI. iJOSACE^: TJO'SA. 351 fully exposed to the smi during the whole' day, may have a useful degree of shade given to it by the distribution of a few standard roses of not less than 8 or 10 feet in height ; or by the introduction of frames of wood or wire, in the forms of obelisks, gnomons, crosses, columns surmounted by globes, or cones, on which climbing roses may be trained. These would produce no bad effect by their drip, and yet by their shadow, which would vary with the position of the sun, they would afford a salutary protection to the dwarf roses by which they were surrounded; and thus produce, in some degree, the same object as a cool situation and exposure. The rose is one of those plants that will not thrive in the neighbourhood of towns where the prevailing fuel is pit-coal ; hence the roses grown within a circle of ten miles of the metro- polis are much inferior in beauty to those grown at double that distance. In country residences, roses are generally distributed in the margins of shrubberies along with other flowering shrubs: but, considering the culture they require, it is impossible they can thrive in such a situation ; and, even if they did thrive, the kind of beauty which they would produce would be of a character so different from that of a general shrubbery, as to require their exclusion from it. The only roses fit to be planted in a shrubbery aie the single kinds, in their wild state. Roses, and all other kinds of shrubs or trees, that are far removed from a state of nature, and valued for something produced by art, either in their flowers, fruit, habit, or leaves, should be grown in situations where the art which produced the artificial effect can be em- ployed. Hence all fruit-bearing trees and shrubs should be grown in orchards, in kitchen-gardens, or in some place by themselves, so as to admit of pro- perly cultivating the soil, and managing the plants. Roses, aild all double- flowering shrubs, ought, in like manner, to be grown by themselves ; and the same principle will apply to shrubs having any peculiarity in their foliage, and even in their mode ol' growth. The continuation of the peculiarity may not always require a rich soil ; on the contrary, it will generally be found to have been produced by a soil and situation of a pecuHar nature : but that peculi- arity of soil it is as much the object of art to imitate, as it is to form the rich soil, and favourable situation, which produce large or double flowers, or large and succulent fruit, or variegated leaves. Hence, to cultivate roses properly, they must be grown either in groups by themselves on a lawn, or in a flower- garden J or be connected into a system of groups or beds, in a rosarium, or rose-garden. On this subject, and on the pruning, and general treatment of roses, we must refer to the first edition of this work, where it will be found given at great length, illustrated with numerous diagrams, having reference to propagation, training, pruning, the formation of rosariums, for which several plans are given, and the destruction of insects. Rosarium, or Rosetum. — Where it is intended to plant a collection of roses, the best effect will be produced by devoting a group to each section ; such as one to moss roses, another to Noisettes, a third to Scotch roses, &c. These groups ought generally to be planted with dwarfs rather than standards ; be- cause the former are more conveniently looked upon by the spectator : but a handsome standard may, frequently, occupy the centre of each gronp, if it is a circle or a square ; and two or three in-line, or radiating from a point, if it is of a long or an irregular form. Sometimes a group may be surrounded by a row of standards, which, in that case, should have clear stems, not less than 7 ft. high, through which the dwarf roses may be seen by persons walking round the group. Standard -roses, in general, have the best effect when forn)ed into an avenue along the margin of awalkj and for this purpose they are very suitable for common flower-gardens, where the groups, instead of being planted with dwarf roses, are filled with herbaceous plants. The sizes of the different groups in a rosarium ought to be proportioned to the number of va- rieties belonging to the section to be planted in each, the bulk which they attain, and their habit of growth. For these purposes, the Abridged List of jvIp? srs. Rivers may be taken as a basis ; and, as it contains 27 groups, these may oe represented by 27 beds of different dimensions. 353 ARBORKTUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. Genus XIII. LO'WE^ Lindl. The Lowea. Lin. Syst. Icosandria Polygynia. Identification. Lindl. Bot. Reg., 1. 1261. Synonyme. Bbss. sp. PaU. and LindL iu Ras. Monog. „ . , ,.,, tt^s „.;t., „f r»m Serivation. In compliment to the Rev. Mr. Lowe, TraveUing Bachelor of the University of Cam- bridge. iLiruUcy in Bot. Reg. t. 1261.) Gen. Char., ^c. Calyx with the tube contracted at the mouth. Petals 5. Stamens aiid Carpeh numerous as in iiosa. Leaf simple, exstipulate. Prickles often compound. (Lindl.) Leaves simple, alternate, exstipulate, deciduous ; serrated. Flowers yel- low, marked with purple. — An undershrub. Native of Persia. j» 1. L. berserifo'lix Lindl. The Berberry-leaved Lowea. if:^if^T■^^.^'Z'^^Siii^!■fa•L'H!rl:AUert. 369., R. ierberim. Pall LrnM. Rosarun, *jS™P-1- French edition, p. 23.. Dee. Prod. 2. v B02., Spreng. Syst.2.f.5i6., WaUroth Monog. Engravings. Bot Reg., t. 1261. ; Redoute Ros., 1. t. 2. ; and onrfig. 633. Spec. Char., ^c. Leaves undivided, without stipules, oboyate-cuneated, serrated at the tip. Prickles decurrent, and of the colour of ivory. Sepals entire, subspathulate. Petals yellow, marked with purple at the base. (Bee. Prod.) An undershrub. Persia, near Amadan, where it abounds in saltish soil ; and also in fields at ^' the bottom of Mount Eiwend, and in the Desert of Soongaria. Height 2 ft. Introd. in 1790. Flowers yellow and purple ; June and July. Somewhat difficult of cul- ture, and not a free flowerer; but it is readily propagated by budding on the dog rose, or by seeds, which it pro- duces on the Continent in abundance in common soil. Varieties. Several are described in Bee. Prod., and some hybrids have recently been raised between this species and some kinds of i?6sa. . L. herbmib\ia. Sect. V. Po^ME^ Lindl. Genus XIV. CRATjE^GUS Lindl,. The Thorn. Lin. Syst. Icosandria Di-Pentagynia. Identification. Lindl. in Lin. Trans., 13. p. 106. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 626. ; Don's Mill., 2. p, 598. Synanymes. CratEe^gus and Mespilus sp. of Lin. and others ; Neflier, Alisier, and Aubepine, Fr ; Doonn, Uzbeer, and Mispel, Ger. ; Doom, Dutch ; Crataego, Itat. ; and Espino, Span. Derivation. From kratos, strength ; in reference to the hardness and strength of the wood. Gen. Char. Calyx with an urceolate tube, and a 3-cleft limb. Petals orbicu- lar, spreading. Ovarium 2 — 5-celled. Styles 2 — 5, glabrous. Pome fleshy, ovate, closed ; the calycine teeth, or the thickened disk, containing a bony putamen. (Bon's Mill.) Leaves simple, alternate, stipulate, chiefly deciduous, but in part evergreen : angular or toothed. Flowers in corymbs, usually white. Sracteas subulate, deciduous. Fruit red, yellow, or black. Decaying leaves yellow, or reddish yellow. XXVI. ilOSA CEjE : CRAT^ QUS. 353 Trees or shrubs, small, deciduous, sometimes evergreen ; mostly natives of Europe and North America, and some of them of Asia and the North of Africa. One of them, the common hawthorn, is well known throughout the Middle and North of Europe, as a hedge plant. The species all flower and fruit freely ; and the wood of all of them is hard and durable, and the plants of considerable longevity. Almost all the flowers are white, and the fruit is generally red ; though in some sorts it is yellow, purple, black, or green. All the species ripen fruit in the neighbourhood of London, most of them abundantly; by which, or by grafting or budding on the common hawthorn, they are generally propagated. When the species which have naturally a dwarf habit of growth are intended to assume the character of low trees, they are grafted standard high upon C. Oxyacantha, C. coccinea, or on some other of the strong-growing kinds ; in consequence of which prac- tice, this genus furnishes a greater number of handsome small trees for orna- mental grounds than any other ligneous family whatever. All the species will grow on any soil that is tolerably dry ; but they will not grow vigorously in a soil that is not deep and free, and rich rather than poor. Whether as small trees or as shrubs, they are all admirably adapted for planting grounds of limited extent ; and especially for small gardens in the neighbourhood of large towms. § i. CoccinecE. Sect. Char., Sfc. Leaves cordate, lobed, acutely serrated. Flowers and fruit large. The plants also large, and of free and vigorous growth. t 1. C. cocci'nea i. The s.c'axX^t-frmted Thorn. Pursh Amer. Sept., 1. p. 337. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 627. ; Don's Mill., Identification. Lin. Sp., 682. ; 2. p. 599. Synanymes. C. scstivillis .BdoM ; Mespilus SEStivalis Walt. Fl. Car.; JW. coccinea Mill. Nouv.Du Ham. ; thornless American Azarole ; Nfeflier ecarlate, Fr. ; scharlachrotjie Mispel, Ger, ; Laz- zeruolo rosso, Ital. Engravings. Pluk., t 46. t 4. ; Dend. Brit., t. 62. ; Bot. Mag., t. 3432. ; unrfig. 677. in p. 386. ; -the plate in Arb. BriL, 1st edit., toL tI.; and ourji^. 634. 634. Cratx^gos coccinea. Spec. Char., S^c. Disks of leaves cordate-ovate, angled with lobes, acutelv serrated, glabrous. Petioles and calyxes pubescent, glanded. metals or.. 354 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. bicLilate. Styles 5. Fruit scarlet, eatable. {Dec. Prod.) A low tree. North America, from Canada to Carolina, in hedges and woods. Height 15 ft. to 20ft. Introduced in 1683. Flowers white; May and June. Fruit large, round, or somewhat pear-shaped, scarlet ; ripe in September. De- caying leaves yellow, inclining to scarlet. Naked young wood dark-coloured ; old wood with a whitish bark. Varieties. It would be easy to procure as manj' varieties of this' species as there are of the common hawthorn, by raising some thousands of plants every year from seed, and selecting from the seed-beds plants indicating any peculiarity of leaf or of habit ; but, as in the nurseries the most rapid way of producing saleable plants df this, and all the other species and va- rieties of Cratse^gus, is found to be by grafting on the common hawthorn, very few seedlings are raised, and the varieties in cultivation are only the three or four following : — t C. c. 2 cordltina. C. coralluia Lodd. Cat. ; the C. pyriformis and C. pec- tinata of some collections. (Jig. 618. in p. 387.) — The leaves and the entire plant are, perhaps, rather smaller than in the species ; the habit of the tree is decidedly more upright and fastigiate ; and the fruit is smaller, long, a!nd of a fine coral red ; whence the name is probably derived, though, in the first edition of the Hort. Soc. Catalogue, it is called the red-branched hawthorn. The plants at Messrs. Loddiges's, however, exhibit only a slight degree of redness in the branches of the young wood. f C.c. 3 indentdta. C. indentata Lodd. Cat, ; C. georgica Doug. (Jig. 678. in p. 387.) — The leaves are smaller, and less lobed, than those of the species ; the plant is also weaker, of upright ha|jit, and with u smooth clear bark. It is very prolific in flowers and fruit. ¥ C. c. 4 maxima Lodd. Cat. C. c. spinosa Godefroy ; C. acerifolia Hort. ; C. ? flabellata Hort. — The leaves are larger than those of any other variety ; and the fruit is also large. As we have not seen living plants of C. flabellata, but only dried specimens sent from Terenure and the Humbeque Nursery, we are not absolutely certain that C. flabellata and C. c. maxima are the same ; but we feel quite certain that they both belong to C. coccinea. We are informed that the C. flabellata of some nurseries is C. tanacetifolia ; which certainly has its leaves more flabellate, or fan-like, than any variety of C. coccinea. t 5^ C. c. 5 neapolitmia Hort. ikTespilus constantinopolitana Godefroy. — Plants were in Messrs. Loddiges's collection in 1837. * 2. C. GLANDULO'SA W. The glandular Thorn. Identification. "WDld. Sp., 2. p. 1002., not of Michx. ; Pursh Amer. Sept., ]. p 337. ■ Dec Prod 2 p. 627. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 699. Synonymes. ? C. sangulnea Pall. Fl. Bos. 1. til,; ? Mespilus rotundifblia Ehrh. Beitr. S. p. 20. : PJrus glandulQsa Mcench ; C. rotundifblia Booth. Engravings. ? Pall. Fl. Ross., 1 . t. 11 . ; Lod. Bot. Cab., t. 1012 ; Dend. Brit., t. 58. j oar Jig. 680. in p. 388. J the plate of this species in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. vi. ; and our Jig. 636. Spec. Char., c^c. Leaves with the disk obovate-wedge-shaped, angled, gla- brous, glossy. Petioles, stipules, and sepals glanded. Fruit oval, scarlet; nuts 4 — 5 ; flesh hard and dry. (Dec. Prod.) A low tree. ' North Ame- rica, in Canada and on the Alleghany Mountains, and also found on the Eocky Mountains. Height 12ft. to 15 ft. Introduced in 17.50. Flowers white; May and June. Fruit scarlet ; ripe in September. Varieties. S C. g. 2 succulenta Fisch., ilfespilus succulenta Booth, has the fruit larger than that of the species, and succulent, juicy, and eatable. We have seen only one plant of this variety; but we were assured by the late M. Fischer of Gottingen, that there are several in the botanic garden there, and in various other collections in Germany. XXVI. BOSA CEjE : CRATJE'GUS. 355 9 C. g. 3 subvillosa, C. subvillosa Fisch., (our /g.636., and ^.681. in p. 388.) is apparently another variety of the pre- ceding sort, or, perhaps, of C. cocclnea. It is very distinct in appearance, from its villous twisted leaves, and stunted tortuous shoots ; but, from its having been only three or four years in the country, very little is known of its habit of growth, which seems to be rather more loose than that of C. glandulosa. There are plants in the Horticultural Society's Garden, and in Messrs. Lod- diges's arboretum. Differs from the preceding sort in the stipules and calyxes being glandular, and in the head of the tree forming a dense mass of small twigs. Being a small compact tree, of somewhat conical or fastigiate habit, and of comparatively low growth, fcid yet very prolific in ilowers and fruit, it is well adapted for small gardens ; and, being at the same time full of branches and very spiny, it is better calculated than many other kinds of American Cratae^gus for forming field hedges. t55' C. g. subvillosa. 636. C. glandul6sa. Sect. Char. coloured, § ii. PunctdtcE. Leaves not lobed, large, with many nerves. Bark white, or ash- Fruit large, or small. 5 3. C. puncta'ta Ait. The dLOttei-fruited Thorn. Ait. Hort. Kew„ 2._p. 169. ; Jacq. Hort.VinA, 1. and 28. ; Pursh Fl. Amer. Sept., 1. M. punctata Link Identification. p. 338. i Dec. Prod., 2. i Synanymes. C. Crfis-galli . Enum. ; M. coruifdlia Lam. Encyc. 4. p. 444. Engravings. Jac. Hort., 1. t. 28. ; oai Jigs. 682. and 683. in p. 389, ; the plate in Arb. Brit., iBt edit., vol, T). ; and our ftg. 637. :. p. 627. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 598. illi Du Boi; il/espilus cuneiftllia Ekrh. Beilr. 3. p. 21. ; 356 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. 637. C. punctata. Spec. Char., S(c. Leaves obovate-wedge-shaped, glabrous, serrated. Calyx alittle villosej its sepals awl-shaped, entire. Fruit usually dotted. {Dec. Prod.) A small tree. North America, in the woods and swamps of Vir- ginia and Carolina ; where, according to Pursh, it grows to a handsome size, particularly the variety having yellow fruit. Height 15 ft. to 30 ft. Introduced in 1746. Flowers white ; May and June. Fruit scarlet ; ripe in September. Leaves dropping yellow. Naked young wood grey. Varieties. There are four forms of this species in British gardens. t C.p. 2 rhbra Pursh, C. ediilis Ronalds {fig. 682. in p. 389.) is the most common, and is a spreading tree, growing to the height of from 15 ft. to 30 ft., with red fruit, and, when old, with few thorns. S' C. ^. 3 rubra stricta Hort., C. p. stricta Ronalds, has the fruit red, like the pre- ceding sort ; but the genei-al habit of the plant is fastigiate, like that of the following sort, t C. ^. 4 aurea Pursh, C. p. flava Sort., C. dulcis Ronalds, C. ediilis Lodd. Cat., C. pentagyna flava Godefroy {fig. 682. in p. 389.), is a tree like C. p. ribra, with yellow fruit, and also, when old, with few thorns. S C. ^. 3 brevispma Doug., and our fig. 638. — A very handsome fastigiate tree, with large, very dark purplish red fruit. Hort. Soc. Garden. ess. c. p. brevispina. The wood is so hard that the Indians of the west coast of America make wedges of it for splitting trees. 2 4. C. pyrifo'lia Ait. The Pear-tree4eaved Thorn. Identification. Ait. Hort. Kew., 2. p. 168. ; Pursh Fl. Amer. Sept., 1. p. 337. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 627 Don's Mill., 2. p. 699. r , r i r Synonymes. C. leucophlce'os (white-barked) Mcmch Weiss, p. 31. t. 2. j C. radiSta Lodd. Cat. edit. 1836 ; C. tomentbsa Dm Roi Harhk. 1. p. 183. ; C. latiftlia Pers. ; Mespilus latiftlia Lam. hnci/c.i p. 444. ; M. CalpodSndron Bhrh. Eeilr. ; M. pyriRlHa Link Ermm. ; M. cornifSlia Fair.; C. latuoUa Ronalds ; C. cornifblia Booth ; Lazzarollo perlno, Ital. XXVI. ROSA^CIEM : CRAT^^GUS. 357 ETmrmings. Mcench Weiss p 31. t. 2. ; Wats. Dend. Brit., t. 61, ; Bot. Reg., t. 1877. ; our Jig. 684. in p. 389. ; tHe plate of the species in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. vi. ; and our jg. 639. Spec. Char., Src In some instances spiny, in some without spines. Leaves ovate-elliptical, incisely sei'rated, obscurely plaited, a little hairy. Flowers 3-styled. Calyx slightly villose ; its sepals linear-lanceolate, serrated. (Dec. Prod.) A low tree, generally spineless. North America, from Penn- sylvania to CaroUna, in woods and rocky places. Height 20 ft. to 25 ft. Introduced in 1765. Flowers white ; June and July, rather later than C. punctata. Fruit small, yellowish red ; ripe early in September, and more eagerly sought after by birds than those of any other species. 639. CpyriRUa. The leaves of young trees are lai'ger, and the fruit smaller, than those of most other species; the leaves are also more strongly plaited, having the appearance of being furrowed from the midrib to the margin. When the fruit is not eaten by birds, it shrivels, turns black, and remains on the tree through- out the winter. The leaves drop early, of a rich yellow. § iii. Macraeanthce. Sect. Char. Leaves large, ovate-oblong, slightly lobed and serrated, with nu- merous nerves, and subplicate. Fruit small. Spines very long. Tree vigorous and spreading. t 5. C. macraca'ntha Lodd. Cat. The long-spined Thorn. Symmymes. C. glandulbsa /3 macrantlia Lindl,, Bot. Reg., t. 1912. ; C. spina longfssima in tlie Hammersmith Nursery ; C. pyrifibra Torrey ; see Bot. Reg. t. 1957. Engravings. Bot Reg., t. 1912. ; our^. G85. in p. 390. ; the plate of this species in our Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. vi. ; and oijafig. 640. Spec. Char , Sfc. Spines longer than the leaves, and numerous. Leaves ovate-oblong, somewhat acuminate, slightly lobed and bluntly serrated, nerved, and subplicate. Fruit small, or middle-sized, of a shining red, and very succulent when ripe. Tree open, spreading, and of very vigorous A A 3 358 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. 640. C. macracdntha growth. The shoots straight, and tending upwards at an angle of 45". North America, and the most common species in the northern states. Height 10ft. to 30ft. Introduced in 1819. Flowers white; May and June. Fruit scarlet, rather smaller than that of C, coccinea ; ripe in Sep- tember. Variety. S C. m. 2 minor {Jig. 686. in p. 390.) only differs from the species in having smaller fruit. There are plants at Somerford Hall, Staf- fordshire. Raised from American seed, in 1819, in the nursery of Messrs. Falla, at Gateshead, near Newcastle ; whence it was sent to the Edinburgh Botanic Garden, under the name of the large American azarole. § iv. Crus-galli. Sect. Char, Leaves without lobes, obovate-oblong or obovate-lanceolate, more or less serrated, and of a dark shining green, with petioles margined by the decurrence of the leaf. Fruit small, or middle-sized, round, dark green till nearly ripe, and, when ripe, scarlet. Spines very long, and bent like the spur of a cock. t 6. C. Cru's-ga'lli L. The Cock's-spur Thorn. Identiftcaticm. Lin. Sp., p. 632. i Dec. Prod., 2. p. 626. ; Pursh Fl. Amer. Sept., i. p. 338, ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 698. Svnonymes. CratiE^gus lilcida Wang. Am. 1. 17. f. 42., and Mill. Diet. ; C. cuneifcllia Lodd. Cat. ; Jl/espilu6 lacida Ehrh. Bcitr. ; M. Crtis-g&Ui Poir. ; M. hyem^lis Walt. ; M. cuneifdlia Mtench ; Neflier Pied de Coo, Fr. ; gljinzende Mispel, Ger. \ Lazzarollo spinoso, Ital. Engravings. Wang. Am., t. 17. f. 42. ; Dend. Brit., t. 66. ; omfig. 687. in p. 391. ; the plate of the species in Arb. Brit., iGt edit., vol. vi. ; and our.^. 641. Spec. Char., S^c. Spines long. Leaves obovate-wedge-shaped, nearly ses- .sile, glossy, glabrous, falling oif late. Stipules linear. Lobes of the calyx lanceolate, and somewhat serrated. Styles 2. Fruit scarlet. (Dec. Prod.) A low tree. North America; common in woods and hedges, and on the banks of rivers, from Canada to Carolina. Height 15 ft. to 20 ft. Intro- XXVI. flOSA^CE^: CRAT^^GUS. 359 641. C. Cr6s-g4m. rfuced in 1691. Flowers white; May and June. Fruit small, green, and at length scarlet ; ripe in September and October. Leaves retained longer than in most of the species ; so that in the South of England it ap- pears a sub-evergreen, retaining also its showy fruit through the winter. arieties. 1 C. C. 2 splemlem Dec. Prod., Ait. Hort. Kew. ii. p. 170., Pluk. t. 46. f. 1. C. arbutifolia and C. splendens Lodd. Cat. {fig. 688. in p. 391.) — Leaves obovate-wedge-shaped, and shining ; and, being produced in abundance, the plant has a splendid appearance. ¥ C. C 3 jtyracanthifAlia Dec. Prod., Ait. Hort. Kew. ii. p. 170. C.pyra- canthitelia Lodd. Cat. ; ikfespilus lucida Dum. Cows. Boi. Cult. ed. 2. V. p. 448. {fig. 693. in p. 391. ; the plate in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. vi.; and oxafig, 642.) — Leaves oblong, with the upper part lan- 6-12. C. C'R. jiyracant lifiilia. ceolate ; the lower part tending to wedge-shaped. This, even when only 3_or 4 years grafted, forms a singular little old-looking tree, spreading like a miniature cedar of Lebanon. A A 4 360 ARBORETUPJ ET FRUTICETUM BEITANNICUM. C. C. 4 salicifdlia Dec. Prod., Ait. Hort. Kew. ii. p. 170. C. ialicifolia. (Jig. 691. ifi p. 391. ; and the plate in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. vi. ; and our fg. 643.) — Leaves oblong, with the upper part lanceolate ; ;. C. C.-g. Ua. the lower part tending to vredge-shaped. This forms a low fltit- headed tree, like the preceding variety. A plant in Messrs. Lod- diges's arboretum, in 1835, after being five years grafted at a foot from the ground, was not quite 5 ft. high. The miniature trees of this variety are admirably adapted for children's gardens. S C. C. 3 linearis Dec. Prod, il^espilus linearis Desf. Arb. ii. p. 156., Pair. Suppl. iv. p. 70. ; C. linearis Lodd. Cat. (Jig. 690. in p. 391.) — Leaves linear-lanceolate. Spines, or thorns, few and shortish. Styles 1 — 2. Fruit of a yellowish red. « C. C. 6 nana Dec. Prod. Afespilus nana Dum. Cours. Suppl. p. 386. — Branchlets tomentose in some degree, Leaves oval-lanceolate ; the under surface paler than the upper. A shrub, or, when trained to a single stem, a miniature tree. This species, being one of the first introduced into England, has been more cultivated than any other American thorn ; and on the whole it is one of the most splendid in appearance, from its smooth, shining, dark green foUage, and the great abundance of its fine white flowers, and dark red fruit which remains long on the tree. In the South of England, and in the climate of London, in warm sheltered situations, where the soil is rich and moist, it retains its leaves and fruit through great part of the winter, so as to appear quite evergreen. ¥ 7. C. (C.) ovalifo'lia Horn. The oval-leaved Thorn. Mentificatim. Hornem. Hort. Hafn. Suppl., 62. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 627. i Don's Mill., 2. p. 698. Stinonyme. C, elliptica Lodd. Cat. j C. Crfis-gSlli ovalifblia Bot. Beg. 1. 1860. Engravings. Bot. Reg., 1. 1860. ; our Jig. 692. in p. 391. ; the plate of this species in Arb. Brit. Ist edit., vol. vi. ; and our.^^, 644. Spec. Char., ^c. Leaves oval, serrated, a little pilose on both surfaces, and shining on the upper one. Stipules half-heart-shaped, incisely serrated, with glanded serratures. (Dec. Prod.) A low tree. North America. Height 15 ft. to 20 ft. Introd. in 1810. Flowers white. A very distinct variety of C. Crus-g&Ui, with a loose spreading habit of growth, and broad leaves. XXVI. ROSA CEM : CRATjE gus. 361 644. C. C. ovalifblin. t 8. C. (C.) prunifo'lia Sosc. The Plum-leaved Thorn, Identification. Bosc ined. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 627. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 698. SynonyTnes. ilfespilus orunif&lia Poir. Diet. 4. p. 443. ; C. carolini^na Lodd. Cat. ; Lazzeruolino, Ital. 645. C. C.pninifaiia. EjtgrnviTtgs. Bot Keg., t. 1868. ; our fig. 689. in p. 391. ; the plate of this tree in Arb. Brit., Isc edit.^ vol. vi. ; and our fig. 645. 362 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. Spec. Char., S^c. Leases with the disk broadly ovate, unequally serrated, and glabrous ; the petioles bearing a few glands. Sepals with glanded serratures. Peduncle and calyx a little villose. Seeds 2 in a pome. (Dec. Prod.) A low tree. North America. Height 15 ft. to 20 ft. Introduced in 1818, or before. Flowers white ; May and June. Fruit scarlet. Differs from the preceding variety in having broader and shorter leaves, a more compact and fastigiate habit of growth, and rather more thorns on the branches. The leaves of this and the preceding kinds die off of a much deeper red than the narrow-leaved varieties, which often drop quite green, yellow, or of a yellowish red. § V. l^igrce. Sect. Char. Leaves middle-sized, deeply lobed. Lobes pointed. Fruit round, black or purple. Tree rather fastigiate, with few. or no spines. Bark smooth. t 9. C. nOgra Waldst. et Kit. The hXack-fruUed Thorn. Idenlificatim. Waldst. et Kit. Fl. Rar. Hung., t. 61. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 628. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. -599. Synonymcs, Mespilus nigra Willd. Enum. b'iA. ; C. carpfitica Lodd. Cat. Engravings. Waldst. et Kit. PI. Rar. Hung., t. 61. ; Jig. 694. in p. 392. ; the plate of this species in Arh. Brit., 1st edit., vol. vi. ; and our ^^.646. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves sinuately lobed, and serrated, somewhat wedge- shaped, though truncately so, at the base ; whitely villose beneath. Stipules oblong, serrately cut. Calyxes villose ; the lobes slightly toothed. Styles 5. Fruit black. (I)ec. Prod.) A low tree. Hungary. Height 15 ft. to 20 ft., throwing up numerous suckers from its widely spreading roots, which soon cover the ground with a forest of bushes. In England, where it is generally propagated by grafting on the common thorn, it forms a very handsome, upright, somewhat fastigiate tree, from 20 ft. to 30 ft. high, put- ting forth its leaves, in mild seasons, in February or March. Introduced in 1819. Flowers white; April and May. Fruit black; ripe in July and August. Variety. C. fusca Jacq., judging from a seedling plant in the Hort. Soc. Garden, appears to belong to this species. Nightingales are said to be attracted by this tree, probably because it is par- ticularly hable to be attacked by insects, and because numerous caterpillars XXVI. rosavem: crat^gus. 363 are to be found on it about the time when the nightingale is in full song. The same property of attracting nightingales is ascribed to the common hawthorn, in La Theorie du Jardinage, Spc, published in 1709. ¥ 10. C. purpu'rea Bosc. The purple-JraneAeo! Thorn. Mentificatim. Bosc ined. ; Doc. Prod., 2. p. 628. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 599. Synonyme. C. sanguinea Hort. Engravings. Wats. Dend. Brit., t. 60. j our j!^. 695. in p. 392. ; the plate of this species in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. vi. ; and our fig. 647. 647. C. parpurea. Spec. Char., S^c. Branches dark purple. Leaves ovate, cuneate at the base, lobed with broad lobes, serrated, glabrous, or pubescent beneath. Stipules somewhat circular, serrated with glanded serratures. (^Hec. Prod.) A shrub or low tree. Altaic Mountains. Height 6 ft. to 10 ft. Introduced in 1822. Flowers white; early in April ; being the very first species of Cra- taegus that comes into flower in the neighbourhood of London, excepting always the Glastonbury thorn. Fruit dark red or purple, sometimes yellow, very succulent ; ripe in July. Variety. t C.p.2 altdica ; C. altaica Led., Lod. Cat. {Jig. 696. in p. 39.3.) ; has the leaves somewhat larger than the species, and they appear a little earlier. It forms an upright, rigid, rather slow-growing tree, without thorns. It has a few small branches, and is not densely clothed with leaves. It has a starved and somewhat stunted appearance, . and is readily known by the purple colour of its young shoots. The bark of the old wood is of a dark purple or brown colour, and rough and scaly. The fruit is small, round, and most commonly of a dark purple ; but it varies to pale yellow, or a milk white, and red, on the same plant. It ripens about the end of July, and is very soft and juicy, but soon drops off. The tree is interesting from its early flowering, and the dark colour of the anthers of its flowers, which contrasts strongly with the white- ness of the petals. The leaves ai-e also large, and of a peculiar shape. § vi. Dougldsii. Sect. Char. Leaves small, and not lobed as in the preceding section ; furnished with numerous parallel nerves, somewhat like those of C. punctata. Spines 364 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. rather numerous and rigid. Fruit small, and dark purple ; pulp soft and watery. 1! 11. C. DouglaV/ Lindl Douglas's Thorn. Identification'. Bot. Reg.,t. 1810.; Lod. Cat., edit 1832. Engravings. Bot. Reg., 1. 1810. ; our Jig. 697. in p. 393. ; the plate of the species in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. vi. ; and our^^. 648. Spec, Char., Sfc. Branches ascending. Spines rigid, straightish, now short, now very long. Leaves some obovate, some oval, gashedly serrated, acute ; at the base wedge-shaped, glabrous ; in the autumn, remarkably leathery, and they then acquire a purplish cast, and are shining. (Lindl.) A shrub or low tree. North-West America. Height 10 ft. to 15 ft. Introduced in 1827. Flowers white ; May. Fruit small, dark purple ; ripe in August. Decaying leaves purplish, leathery, shining, falling oif early, like those of C. punctata and C. ^yrifoha. Naked young wood purplish. This is a very distinct sort, more particularly as it respects the colour of the fruit, and the colour and texture of the leaves. The general habit of the plant is fastigiate ; and it is one of the latest kinds in leafing in the spring. The flowers and fruit are produced in great abundance, and both are very ornamental. § vii. Fldvce. Sect. Char. Leaves small, obovate, slightly lobed, and serrated. Flowers fre- quently solitary. Spines numerous, straight, and more slender than in any other division. Fruit top, or pear, shaped ; yellow, or greenish yellow. H \i. C. fla'va Ait. The yellow-/rai!ed Thorn. Identification. Ait. Hort. Kew., 2. p. 169. ; Pursh Fl. Amer. Sept., 1. p. 338. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 628. ; Don's MUl., 2. p. 600. Synonymes. C. glanduldsa Mithx. Ft. Bor. Amer. 1 . p. 288., not of Walt. ; Jl/espilus Michatixzt Pers. Syn. 2. p. 38. ; C. caroliniJma Poir. Diet. 4. p. 442. ; C. flavlssima Hort. ; C. ? turbin^ta Fursh. Engravings. Bot. Reg., 1. 1939. ; Jig. 698. in p. 394. ; the plate of the species in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. vi . ; and our.^. 649. Spec. Char., Sfc. Disks of leaves obovate-wedge-shaped, slightly lobed, cre- nately serrate, upon short petioles. Stipules glanded. Flowers mostly solitary. Sepals glanded. Fruit top-shaped, yellow, or yellowish green. Nuts 4 in a fruit. (^Dec. Prod.) A low spreading tree. North America. XXVI. BOSA^CEiE : CRATiE^GUS. 365 C49. C. fl&TB. from Virginia to Carolina. Height 15 ft. to 20 ft. Introduced in .72*. Flowers white ; May. Haws yellow ; ripe in October. Decaying leaves rich yellow. The flowers and the fruit are neither produced in abundance, nor make any great show ; but the tree has a marked character from its general form, and the horizontal tendency of its branches. 1 13. C. (f.) loba^ta Sosc. The lohed-Zeaved Thorn. Identification. Bosc ined. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 628. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 599. Synonymes. jl/espilus lobiita Pair. Suppl. 4. p. 71. ; C. lOtea Pair. Engravings. Fig. 699. in p. 394. ; and our Jig. 660. Spec. Char., Sfc. Branches a little villose. Disks of leaves ovate, une- qually serrated, or lobed, slightly downy beneath, upon very short petioles. Sti- pules cut. Flowers in loose corymbs. {Dec. Prod.) A tree closely resembling C. flava in general appearance. JVative country sup- posed to be America. Height 10 ft. to 15 ft. Introduced in 1819. Flowers white ; May. Fruit green ; ripe in October. Differing from C flava in having some of the leaves with larga: lobes, and some of the spines larger. The flowers are sparingly produced, amongst dense tufts of leaves ; and the fruit, which is green when ripe, is still less abundant. It is pear-shaped, and very different from that of every other kind of Cratae'gus, except C. flava and C. f. trilobata. G^O. C. f. lobata. 366 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. * 14. C. (f.) triloba^ta Lodd. Cat. The three-lobed-leaved Thorn, Identification. LoJd. Cat., edit. 1832. Si/nmii/tne. C. spinosissima Lee. Engraving. Fig, 700. in p. 395. pec. Char., S;c. Leaves ovate-cuneate, notched and serrated. Petioles slender. Surface flat, shining, somewhat veined. Branches small, thickly beset with slender thorns. Habit spreading. A hybrid, raised from seed in the Hammersmith Nursery, about 1820, or before. It forms a tree in general appearance resembUng C. flava, but with the branches much less vigorous, and more thorny. The fruit is yellow, slightly tinged with red ; and what distinguishes it from the two allied sorts is, that its leaves die off, in autumn, of an intensely deep scarlet. § viii. Apiifdlia:. Sect. Char. Leaves deltoid, or somewhat resembling those of the common thorn. The fruit is also of the same colour ; but the tree has a totally dif- ferent habit, having the shoots loose and spreading, weak, and almost without thorns. It 15. C. /(PiiFo^LiA Mic/ix. The Parsley-leaved Thorn. Identification. Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer., I. p. 287., not of Med. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 627. ! Don's Mill. 2. p. 599. St/nonymes. C. Oxyac&ntlia Walt. Carol. 147. ; C. apiifblia major Lodd. Cat. Engravings. Fig. 702. in p. 395. j the plate in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. vi. ; and our,^^. 651. 651. C. apiifulia. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves deltoid, cut into lobes that are acute and incisely toothed. Pedicels in the corymb villose, mostly simple. Tube of caly.K villose. Sepals obscurely serrated. Fruit scarlet, [tiec. Prod.) A low spreading tree with flexible branches. Virginia and Carolina, in moist woods. Height 10ft. to 20 ft. Introduced in 1812. Flowers white: May and June. Haws scarlet ; ripe in October. Decaying leaves rich yellow. Variety. S C. a. 2 minor, C. apiifolia Lodd. Cat. (Jig. 701. in p. 395.), has the leaves smaller than those of the species, and more fringed at ti'.e XXVI. JSOSA^CE^ : CRATjE^GUS. 367 edges, like thoss of the common parsley ; but this fringed appearance is bj' no means constant, either in the variety or in the species. This variety forms a most ornamental low bush ; or, when grafted standard high, a beautifiil pendent tree. § ix. MicrocarpcE. Sect. Char. Fruit small, round, red. Flowers small, produced in corymbs, later in the season than in any of the other species. Spines few, but some- times very large. t 16. C. coRDA^TA Mill. The heart-shaped-Zeauei Thorn. Identification. Mill. Ic.t 179. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 62S. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 699. Synonymei. M. Phaenfipyrum Linn. ; M. cordata Mill. ; C. populifolia Walt Car. 147., and Pursh Sept. 1. 337. i Jtfespilus acerifblia Pair. Did. 4. p. 442. Er^ravtngs. Mill. Ic, t. 179. ; Wats. Dend. Brit. t. 63. ; Bot Reg., t. 1151. ; fig. 703. in p. 396. the plate of this species in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. vi. ; and our fig. 662. Spec. Char., 4fc. Disks of leaves cordate- ovate, angled by lobes, glabrous. Petioles and calyxes without glands. Styles 5 in a flower. (Dec: Prod.) A compact, close-headed, small tree, with leaves of a deep shining green. Canada to Virginia, in hedges and rocky places. Height 20 ft. to 30 ft. Introduced in 1738. Flowers white, in numerous terminal corymbs ; May and .Tune. Fruit small, scarlet ; ripe in October. A very distinct and handsome species. t 17. C. sPATHULA^TA Elliott. The spa.th\i\a^haped-leaved Thorn. Identification. Elliott Fl. S. Car., I. p. 652. ; Lodd. Bot Cat., t. 1261. Stmonvmes. C. microcarpa Lindl. Bot. Reg. t. 1846. ; C. fl4nda Godefroy. EmrSs. Bot. Cab., t. 1261.; Bot. Keg., 1. 1846. ■,fig. 704. in p. 396. ; the plate of the species in Arb. Brit., Ist edit., vol. vi. ; and om fig. 653. Spec. Char., 8;c. Subspinose. Leaves in fascicles, oblong- cuneated, 3-cleft, lobed and crenated, smooth, shining. Corymbs many-flowered. Calyx smooth; segments ovate, quite entire. Fruit ovate, subrotund, smooth 368 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. 653. C. spathulata. 5-celled ; shell thin. (Lindl.) A low tree ; in England a shrub, unless when grafted standard high. Georgia and Carolina. Height 12ft. to 15 ft. ; in England 6 ft. to 8 ft. Introduced in ISOC. Flowers white ; May and Jane. Fruit bright red ; ripe in October. Variett/. t C. s. 2 georgica . C georgica Lod. — Leaves 5-lobed, on longer foot- stalks, and rather smaller than the species. This variety and the species were killed to the ground in the winter of 1837-8. (See Gard, Mag., vol. xvi. p. 3.) A slow-growing, very neat, little bush or tree, with slender, smooth, droop- ing branches, and something of the habit of C. Oxyacantha. Its leaves have a very handsome appearance, and are remarkably shining, and deep green : they usually grow in clusters ; have a long stalk, tapering upwards into a blade, which is sometimes nearly entire, with only a tooth or two at the end; some- times they are 3-lobed, with crenated segments ; and occasionally they are deeply 3-pavted ; their form is always more or less spathulate. The stipules of the more vigorous branches are large and leafy. The flowers are white, and appear at the same time as those of C. cordata. The fruit is rather abundant, but small. § X. Azaroh. Sect. Char. Fruit large, round or pear-shaped ; good to eat ; yellow or red ; the yellow fruit generally produced on fastigiate species or varieties ; and the red on trees with a spreading and rather a drooping head. Leaves wedge-shaped, 3-cleft or more, shining, pubescent or hairy. Spines few or none. 5 18. C. Azaro'lus L. The Azarole Thorn. tdeniification. Lin. Sp., 683. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 629.; Don's Mill., 2. p. 600. Synonymes. PJrus Azmblus Scop. Cam. No. 697., J. Bauh. Hist. 1. p. 67.j Jtf^spilus A^arUus All. Fed., N. Du Ham. 4. p. 1S8. ; Neflier Azarole, NeBier de Naples, E'pine d'Espagne, Pom- mettes h. deux Closes, Fr. ; AzaTol Mispel, Ger. ; Azzeruolo, Ital Eng-avings. N. Du Ham., 4. t. 42. ; Bot. Kep., t. 579. ;.^. 706. in p. 397. ; the plate in Arb. Brit., Isl edit., vol. vi. ; and OMtfig. 654. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves pubescent, wedge-shaped at the base, trifid ; lobes blunt, and with a few large teeth. Branchlets,coryrabs, and calyxes pubescent. XXVI. jeosA CE^ : trat^ gus. 369 WW - 654. C. ^£ari>J Sepals obtuse. Styles 1 — 3 Fruit globose, scarlet. Seeds usually two ; and hence the name, common at Montpelier, pommetfes a deux closes. (Dec. Prod.) A low tree, never found wild as a bush. South of France and Italy, in small woods and in rough places. Height 20 ft. to 30 ft ; in Eng- land 10 ft. to 20 ft. Introduced in 1656. Flowers white; May and June. Fruit red j ripe in September. Leaves drop with the first frost, without much change of colour. Varieties. In the Nouveau Da Hamel, six varieties are enumerated, viz. : — I. A/espilus-4r6nia, with the leaves hairy beneath ; 2. Azarole, with large deep red fniit ; 3. Azarole, with yellowish white fruit ; 4'. Azarole, with long fruit of a whitish yellow ; 5. Azarole, with double flowers ; and, 6. the White Azarole of Italy. With the exception of the first-mentioned, none of these varieties, as far as we know, are in British gardens. The fruit, when ripe, is mealy, and somewhat acid ; and, in Italy and the Levant, it is occasionally sent to table. t 19. C. (A.) marooca'na Pers. The Morocco Thorn. Identification. Pers. Syn., 2. p. 37. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 628. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 600. Synonymes. DeCandolle expresses a doubt whether C. raatira Lin. fit. Sup, 253. be not a synonyme of this species ; Sarrour, Arabian. Engravijygs. Bot Reg., 1855. ; fig, 707. in p. 397. ; the plate in Arb. Brit., 1st edit», vol. vi. i and our fig. ij-'jo. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves wedge-shaped, 3-lobed, and pinnatifid, glabrous, glandless. Stipules cut, rather palmately. Flowers upon long peduncles, in terminal glabrous corymbs. Sepals obtuse. Styles 2. (Dec. Prod.) A handsome pyramidal low tree, with dark-coloured branches. Palestine, on Mount Sinai and St. Catherine; and ? Morocco. Height 15 ft. to 35 ft. Flowers pure white, very fragrant ; May and June. Fruit scarlet ; ripe in October. Closely resembling C. Azarolus, but smaller in all its parts. It produces its leaves very early in the season, m mild winters even in January ; and it retains them verv late. It is a small, but decided tree, and may be considered one of the handsomest species of the genus. Horticultural Society's Garden B B 370 ARBORETUM ET FKUTICETUM BRITANNICt'M. 655. C. [A.) iTiEirocc&na . ¥ 20. C. ^RO'NIA Mosc. The Aronia Thorn. Identification. Bosc incd. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 620. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 601. Synonymes. JV/espilus ^rdnia Willd. Enum. Suppt. and i^. Du Ham. 4. p. 158.; C. Azarhius /3 WiUd. Sp. ; C. Hssa Lodd. Cat. Engravings. Pococke's Travels, t. 85.; Bot. Keg., 1897. ; ^.706. in p. 397. ; the plate m Arti. Brit., 1st edit., vol. yi. ; and our jSg. 650. 6^6. c. .4r6nia. Spec. Char., Sfc. Branchlets pubescent. Leaves pubescent on the under sur- face, wedge-shaped at the base, 3-cleft ; lobes obtuse, entire, each ending XXVI. BOSA CEiE : CRAT^E^GUS. 371 in 3 obtuse mucronate teeth. Fruit yellow. (Dec. Prod.) An erect-branched low tree. Greece and the Levant. Height 15 ft. to 20 ft. Introduced in 1810. Flowers white ; May and June. Haws yellow, smooth, large, suc- culent, agreeable to eat ; ripe in August and September, and hanging on the tree till the leaves drop in November or December. Naked young wood dark-coloured. Remarkable for the abundance of its large yellow fruit, which are good to eat, and have been made into excellent tarts with Siberian crabs. S 21. C. orienta'hs Bosc. The Eastern Thorn. Identification. Bosc ined. ; Bot. Rep., t. 5D0. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 600. Synonymes. JVfespilus orientalis Toum. and Poir. Svppl. 4. p. 72. ; C. odoratlssinia Bot. Rep. and Lod. Cat. ; C. tanacetif&lia var. /3 taurica Dec. Prod. 2. p. 629. Engravings. Bot. Reg., 1885. ; fig. 708. in p. 398. ; the plate in Arb. Brit, 1st edit., vol. ri. ; i«nd our Jig. 657. 657. C. uriei^tAILi. Spec. Char., S^c. Branches whitely tomentose. Leaves 3-lobed, downy be- neath ; the two side lobes ovate, and having tooth-like incisions at the tip ; the middle lobe trifid. Stipules broad and cut. (Dec. Prod.) A low spread- ing tree. Levant. Height 15 ft. to 20 ft. Introduced in 1 8 10. Flowers white ; May and June. Haws numerous, large, yellowish red or coral colour, very agreeable to the taste ; ripe in August and September, and re- maining on sometimes after the leaves. Variety. t. C. o. 2 sangmnea, C. sanguinea Schrader Index Sem. Hort. Acad. Gott. 1834, C. orientalis Undl. Bot. Reg. t. 1852., and Jig. 709. in p. 398., has the fruit of a very dark purplish red, or port wine, colour. Dr. Lindley considers this " the genuine Afespilus orientalis of Tournefort, with villous celery-like leaves, and a large, purple, 5- cornered, smooth fruit," which description, we think, indicates rather SB 2 372 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. the following species. Tt is a native of the Crimea, and the parts bordering on the Black Sea ; and was introduced in I8l0._ On ac- count of the colour of its fruit, and the abundance m which it is produced, it deserves a place in every collection. Readily distinguished from most other species by its very hoary branches, which are loose, rambling, crossing each other, and somewhat pendulous. It is late in producing its leaves, and also its flowers : the latter generally appear with those of C. tanacetifolia, about the end of IWay (in 1836, on the 17th ot June). X 22. C. TANACETIFO^LIA Pers. The Tansy-leaved Thorn. Idmtijlcation. Pers. Syn., 2. p. 38. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 829. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 601. Syrwmjmes. Mespilus tannacetifMia Pair. Diet. 4. p. 440., and N. Du Ham.i M. pinnWa Dmw. Corns., Sm. Exot. t. 86. ; DeCandoUe doubts whether jVespilus Ce\siina Dum. Cours. huppl. p. 286. be different from this species ; Lazzeruolo turco, /toi. .,„ .„ ,oa . ,h» Engnmms. Bot. Rep., t.691.; Sm. Exot. Bot., t. 8.5. ; Bot. Reg., 1884. j^Sg. 710. in p. 398. ; th« plate in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. vi. ; and omfig. 6li8. has thp ^Z'\^-^- °'''"!?'^-' -dthef^uf roundiThr-andVf atolden fn collections " ^ ''^'"^ *'"" '"'""^'' ^"'^ ""^'"^ "^''^'" '° ''^ °"'"''' "f C. O. 20 auranimca Booth is said to have orange-coloured fruit ; but there are only small plants of it in the London gardens. Mr. Wil- * r^°n oT; '" ^y^^'"'"^' a variety with greenish orange fruit. (Hook.) T K..y. 21 leiuycarpa, a variety with white haws, is said to have been discovered m a hedge near Bampton, in Oxfordshire; but we have never seen it. F. Varieties differing in having the Fruit woolly, t C. O. 22 eriocdrpa Lindl, C. erioc&rpa Lodd. Cat. (Jig. 720. in p 400 ■ the plate in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. vi.; and onr Jig. 66S.), is a robust C. 0. enoc&rpa. rapidly growing variety, with large leaves, and strong thick shoots ; a clear white bark, and few thorns. It is very prolific in flowers, and the fruit which succeeds them is woolly in its young state, but not large. If ever the hawthorn should be cultivated for its timber, to supply the wood-engravers as a substitute for box, this variety and C. O. melanocarpa will deserve the preference. Hort. Soc. G. Varieties differing in the Form of the Leaves. C. O. 23 obtusdta Dec. Prod.; iWespilus Oxyacdntha integrifolia Wallr. Scked. 219. ; C. oxyacanthdides T/mill. Fl. Par. 245., Sot. Reg. t. 1128., Sec. Fl. Fr. iv. p. 433.; C. Oxyacdntha Fl. Han. t. 335.; the French hawthorn. (_fig. 714. in p. 399.; the plate in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. vi. ; and our/g. 669.) — Leaves rather rhomb- shaped at the base, obovate, undivided, or with three obtuse lobes. •380 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. 669. C. 0. obtus^ta. crenate, of the same colour on both surfaces. Styles 1 — 3. Fruit containing more than 1 seed. Distinguished from the species by its smaller, obovate, less cut, flat, and shining leaves. C. lucida Smith of Ayr, C. oxyacanthoides lucida Sweet, is scarcely or not at all dif- ferent from this variety. '¥ C. O. 24' quercifolia Booth (Jig. 721. in p. 401.) appears very distinct in regard to foliage. 610. C. 0. lacinikta. t C. O, 25 laciniaia, C. \sLcmiata Lodd. Cat {fig, 716. in p. 400.; the XXVI. TJOSA^CE^: cratjE^gus. 361 plate in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. vi. ; and our fig. 670.), has finely cut leaves ; the shoots are comparatively slender, the plant less robust, and the fruit smaller, than in the species. It is a very distinct and elegant variety. t C. O. 26 pterid'fiiUa, C. joterifolia Lodd. Cat. (fig. 717. in p. 400.), resembles the preceding, but the leaves are longer in proportion to their breadth, and more elegantly cut. 5 C. O. 27 oxyphjUa Monckton. — Leaves much larger than those of the species. Raised by General Monckton, at Soraerford, in ? 1837. Horticultural Society's Garden. H. Varietnes differing in the Colour of the Leaves, t C. O. 28 fbliis aureis Lodd. Cat., C. lutescens Booth, has leaves varie- gated with yellow ; but tb.ey have genei'ally a ragged and diseased appearance, when fully expanded ; though, like those of most other variegated deciduous plants, when first opening in spring, they are strikingly showy and distinct. t C. O. 29 folik argenteis Hort. has leaves variegated with white ; but, like the preceding variety, it cannot be recommended as handsome at any other period than when the leaves are first expanding. t C. O. 30 lucida. — We apply this name to a very distinct and very beautiful-leaved variety, which forms a standard in the southern boundary hedge of the Hort. Soc. Garden, and which, we trust, will soon be propagated in the nurseries. The leaves are large, regularly cut, somewhat coriaceous in texture, and of a fine shining green. The plant is of vigorous growth. The common hawthorn, in its wild state, is a shrub or small tree, with a smooth bark and very hard wood. The rate of growth, when the plant is young, and in a good soil and climate, is from 1 foot to 2 or 3 feet a year, for the first three or four years ; afterwards its growth is slower, till the shrub or tree has attained the height of 12 or 15 teet, when its shoots are produced chiefly in a lateral direction, tending to increase the width of the head of the tree rather than its height. In a wild state, it is commonly found as a large dense bush : but, pruned by accident or design to a single stem, it forms one of the most beautiful and durable trees of the third rank that can be planted: interesting and valuable for its sweet-scented flowers in May, and for its fruit in autumn, which supplies food fbr some of the smaller birds during part of the winter. In hedges, the hawthorn does not flower and fruit very abundantly when closely and frequently clipped ; but, when the hedges are only cut in at the sides, so as to be kept within bounds, and the summits of the plants are left free and untouched, they flower and fruit as freely as when trained as separate trees. The plant lives for a cen- tury or two, and there are examples of it between 40 ft. and 50 ft. in height, with trunks upwards of 3 ft. in diameter at 1 ft. from the ground. The wood of the hawthorn is very hard, and difficult to work : its colour is white, but with a yellowish tinge ; its grain is fine, and it takes a beautiful poHsh ; but it is not much used in the arts, because it is seldom found of suf- ficient size, and is, besides, apt to warp. It weighs, when green, 68 lb. 12 oz. per cubic foot ; and, when dry, 57 lb. 5 oz. It contracts, by drying, one eighth of its bulk. It is employed for the handles of hammers, the teeth of mill-wheels, for flails and mallets, and, when heated at the fire, for canes and walking-sticks. The branches are used, in the country, for heating ovens ; a purpose for which they are very proper, as they give out much heat, and possess the property of burning as readily when green, as in their drv state. They are not less useful in the formation of dead hedges, for the protection of seeds, or of newly planted live hedges or single trees ; and they will last a considerable time without decaying ; especially when they have been cut in autumn. The leaves are eaten bv cattle, which, tif vertheless, pay 332 ASBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. some regard to the spines by which they are defended. The fruit is astringent. By far the most important use of the hawthorn is as a hedge plant. For this purpose, it is planted in single or in double lines, most commonly along the margin of a ditch; though, however convenient this may be with respect to fencing the plants when young, and draining the soil, it is a great draw- back to their progress afterwards, by preventing their roots from extending themselves, except on one side ; and, by the drainage of the ditch, it also deprives them of their natural share of moisture. Wherever thorn hedges are planted, and intended to thrive, the ground ought to be trenched at least 2 ft. in depth, manured if poor, and the plants inserted on a flat sur- face, so as to receive and retain the whole of the moisture that falls from the heavens. The hawthorn will do no good unless planted in a soil naturally dry and fertile, or that has been rendered so by art. The plant is never found natu- rally on a wet soil ; and, if planted on such a soil, it soon becomes stunted, and covered with lichens and raoss. The situation should be airy ; but it will grow either in exposed places, or in such as are sheltered, and even some- what shaded, by other trees. In cases of this kind, however, it neither forms a handsome tree, nor a close thick hedge. The species is almost always propagated by seeds, but sometimes by cut- tings of the roots ; which, when about half an inch in thickness, and 1 ft. or 1 8 in. in length, and planted with the root end undermost, speedily make large plants. Where old thorn plants are taken up, the roots may always be used for forming new hedges ; but it must be acknowledged that, as they do not all send up shoots equally, some remaining a year in the ground before they do' so, the preferable mode is to plant them in a nursery for the first year ; or, if this is not done, they ought to be planted thick, so as to make allowance for some not pushing till the second year, and some not pushing at all. When the hawthorn is to be raised from seed, the haws should not be gathered till they are dead ripe ; which will be in October or November. As many haws contain more than one seed, they ought not to be put in the ground entire, but, if they are to be sown immediately, they must be mace- rated in water till the pulp is separated from the nuts ; and the latter should then be mixed with dry sand, to keep them separate, and to enable the sower to scatter them equally over the surface. But, as the seeds do not come up till the second year, a saving of ground is made by keeping them the first year in a heap, technically called a rot-heap, mixed with a sufficient quantity of soil, to prevent them from heating, and to facilitate the decomposition of the pulp. These heaps are kept in the open air, and exposed to the full influence of the weather ; care being taken to turn them over frequently, at least once a month, so as to equalise this influence. When the seeds are not to be prepared in a heap, they should be sown in November or Decem- ber, as soon as separated from the pulp ; but, when they are to be separated by decomposition in a heap, they need not be sown till the February, or even the March, of the second year ; by which means fifteen or sixteen months' use of the soil is saved. They may be sown thinly in beds, the seeds being scat- tered so as to lie about 1 in. apart every way, and covered about a quarter of an inch. The nursery culture required is mere routine. Hawthorns ought always to be two years transplanted before they are employed for hedges ; younger and untransplanted plants, though cheaper to purchase, are always the most expensive to the planter, as they require temporary protection for a longer period. As stocks, hawthorn plants may be treated like stocks for fruit trees ; and the different species and varieties may be budded and grafted on them, either for dwarfs or standard high, in a similar manner. Not only the different species of Cratae^gus, but those of ilfespilus, iSorbus, Pynis, and even Mk\us, C'ydonia, Amelanchier, Eriobotrya, and others, may be grafted on the common hawthorn ; and in this way field hedges might be rendered ornamental, and even productive of useful fruits. XXVI, BOSA^CEiE: CRAT^^GUS, 383 . parvifblia Wats. Dead. Brit, ; Cratffi'gus tomentbsa Lin. Sp § xiii. Parvifblice. Sect. Char. Leaves small, ovate, serrated or notched, but scarcely lobed. Fruit green, or greenish yellow ; rather large, hai-d. Si 25. C. PARViFO^LiA Ait. The small-leaved Thorn. Identification. Ait. Hort. Kew., 2. p. 169. ; Dec. Pvod., S. p. 627. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 598. St/nonymes. Jtfespilus axillaris Pers. Syn. 2. p. 37. ; M. toment5sa Poir. Bid. 4. p. 443. ; M. xan- thocarpos Ztn.^. £u7}p2. 254. ; Jt-* -•«.»-■- ii^-.- »%— -. t._._., ^.. . .. -. - 682., Treui Ehr. t. 17. i C. uni- fl5ra Bu Roi\ C. turbinSta Pursh i C, Tiridis, axillaris, 6e- tulirdlia, fl6rida, linearis, Lodd, Cat. \ Gooseberry-leaved Thorn; Lord Uey's Thorn. Ertsravings. Trew Ehr., t. 17. ; Dend. Brit., t. 65. ; ouryfe.671. ; and fig. 727. in p. 402. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves oval-lanceolate, incisely serrated, and pubescent. Flowers mostly solitary. Branchlets and calyxes villose. Stipules bristle- like. Sepals serrated. Fruit almost top-shaped, yellow, or yellowish green. Nuts 5. (Dec. Prod.) A low shrub. 671 C. parvif&Ita. North America, New Jersey to Carolina, in sandy shady woods. Heigh 4ft. to 6ft. Introduced previously to 1713. Flowers white; May and June, rather later than in most other spe- cies. Haws large, greenish yellow ; ripe in November, often hanging on the tree all the winter. 672. C. p. fliSrida. Varieties. * C. p. 2 florida, C. florida Loiid. Cat. (J%. 726. in p. 402., and our fig. 672.), has the leaves and fruit some- what smaller and rounder than those of the species. 3t C. p. 3 grossidaricefolia, C. linearis Lodd. Cat. (fig. 728. in p. 402., and our fig. 673.), has the leaves lobed, and somewhat like those of the gooseberry. These varieties run so much into one another,' that, unless they are seen together in a living state, as in Messrs. Loddiges's arboretum, it is difficult to distinguish them from the species, or from each other ; for, however different the leaves may appear in our figures (see p. 402.), all the forms of these may occasionally be found on the same plant: and some plants of each variety are wholly without spines, while in others the spines are very numerous. As all of them are small plants, with flowers large in proportion to the size of the 673- p. grossi.toi=fi,ii» leaves, they are well adapted for exemplifying the genus Cratse gus m a mmia- ture arboretum. 384 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. a 26. C. virgi'nica Lodd. Thcj Virginian Thorn. Idcntijicalion. Lodd, Cat., ed. 1830, and ed. I83G. Symmjmes. C. virginiana Hart., C. spathulata Miclix. and Lindl. Bot. Reg. t. 1890. ; C. viridis Ilort. Engravings. Bot. Reg., t. 1890. ;^. 720. in p. 402.; andour^.G74. Spec. Char., d^c. Leaves obovate, cuneate, glabrous, siiining, notched, but not lobed ; small. Fruit i-ound, rather larger than a common haw, green. A low shrub. "Virginia. Height 4 ft. to 5 ft. Introduced in 1812. Flowers white ; June. Fruit green ; October, often remaining on the branches during the winter. 674. C. virginica. The plant bears a general resemblance to C. spathulata (No. 17.) in its foliage and habit of growth ; but the foliage of the latter is lobed, while that of the former is entire. The fruit of C. virginica is, also, six times larger than that of C. spathulata; and is of a dark green, while the other is of a bright red. The blossoms and fruit of C. virginica are, also, produced in corymbs of twos and threes ; while those of C. spathulata consist of a considerable number of flowers. The species differ, also, in the foliage ; which in C. spathulata has long winged footstalks, while in C. virginica the footstalks are short and slen- der. (See the leaves of C. virginica _;%. 729. in p. 402., and of C. spathulata fg. 704. in p. 396.) § xiv. Mexicdna. Seel. Char. Leaves large, oval-lanceolate, notched and serrated. Fruit large, green or greenish yellow. t 1 27. C. mexica'na Moc. et Sesse. The Mexican Thorn. Jdeniification. Moc. et Sesse Fl. Mex. icon, inedit. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 629. ; Swt Brit. Fl.-Gard., 2d ser. t. 800. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 601. Synonymes. C. stipulacea Lodd. Cat., see Gard. Mag. ix. p. 630. ; C. I.ambertz'iJn/z Hort. i:ngravings. Swt. Brit. Fi.-Gard., 2d ser. t. 300. ; Bot. Reg., 1. 1910. ; onr fig. 730. in p. 402. ■ the plate of this species in Arb. Brit., 1 st edit., vol. vi. ; and our fig. 675. Spec. Char,, Sf-c. Leaves oval-lanceolate, notched and serrated ; acuminate, somewhat ciliated at the base. Petioles short, channeled, and with a winged margin. Stipules stalked. Corymbs terminal. Petals scarcely longer than the calycine teeth. Stamens varying from 10 to 15. Styles 2, or rarely 4. Fruit large, pale green, or yellowish, when ripe; and, with the leaves, remaining on the tree all the winter in sheltered situa- tioi!,s. Handsome, and resembling a small apple, but not good to eat. A low tree ; evergreen against a wall, and sub-evergreen as a standard in the cHmate of London, and southwards. Mexico, on table lands. Height 20 ft. to 30 ft.; in British gardens 10 ft. to 15ft. Introduced in 1824. Flowers large, white ; June. Fruit large, pale green, ripening against a wall in October. XXVI. SOSA CEjE : CRATjE gus. 385 615. C, mexlctoa. A remarkable and very handsome species, resembling, in general appearance, Mespilus grandiffora. § XV. Tyracantha. Sect. Char, Leaves oval-lanceolate, glabrous, entire, small, evergreen. Fruit numerous, of a bright coral colour. • 28. C. Pvraca'ntha Pers. The fiery Thorn, or Pyracantha. Identification. Pers. Syn., 2. p. 37. ; Pall. Fl. Ross., 1. p. 29. j Dec. Prod., 2. p. 626. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 598. Synonymes. Jfespilus Pyracfinthai. ; evergreen Thorn ; Buisson ardent, Fr.\ immergrune Mis- pel, Ger. ; Agazzino, Ital. ETtgravings. Lob. Icon., 2. p. 182. f. 1.; Pall. Fl. Ross., t. 13. f. 2. ; N. Du Ham., 2. t. 20. No. 2. j and our fig. 676. Spec. Char., S^c. Evergreen. Leaves glabrous, ovate-lance- olate, crenate. Lobes of the calyx obtuse. Styles 5. Fruit globose, scarlet, ornamental ; continuing a good while upon the plant ; which, on account of the colour of its fruit, and of its being a shrub, is called in France Buisson ardent. {Dec. Prod.) An evergreen shrub. South of Europe, in rugged places and hedges. Height 4 ft. to 6 ft. Introduced in 1629. Flowers white; May. Fruit red; ripe in September. Variett/. a C.P.2crenulata. C. crenulata .fforf. — A plant bearing "^^ <-• '^'"^■"'■i.- this name in the Hort. Soc. Gard. differs very little from the species. The flowers and fruit are produced in large corymbs, which are very orna- mental ; and the fruit remains on all the winter, especially when the shrub is trained against a wall. The berries are bitter, and are not so greedily eaten by birds as those of some other kinds, unless in very severe winters. The plant is very hardy, and, in the open garden, forms a handsome evergreen bush ; and, if grafted standard high on the common hawthorn, it would form a most desirable evergreen low tree. 386 ARBOHETUM ET FUUTICETUM BKITANNICUM. CratiV^gus cocchiea. The scarlet-Ji-uited Thorn. Lecives and fruit of the natural size. XXVI. BOhA CE^ : CKAT/TLGCS. ;?87 Cratm'gus coccinea cordllina, and C. c. indentata. The coral-fruilrd Thorn, and the indented-Ze'ni'R^^ Thorn. Leaves ^ and fruit of /v the iiLitural size. .itfilWjillliib^ ./ililiffliiilHNtiliiiii.'JIIIWillliilwi'" " 388 AI'.BoriE'rUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITAN N ICUM. Crat/c'gns glaudulosa, and C. g. siibrillosn. The glandular Thorn, and the subvillose-/«'?'erf glandular Thorn. Leaves ami fruit of tlic natural size. , ,1. fjlil^^^lJllllMlilliiiMiitA ^ ",1 .M 1: ',1 , ; ,; ' ' ■ "!■■ ', i; p „i; 'i[i> XXVI. BOSA CE.Ti : CRAT,E(JUS. 389 Crataegus punctata, and C. pi/rij'iilia. The dottei\-fruited Thorn, and the Peir-le-ived Thorn. Lea\ e an 1 tiuit ot iht 390 ARBOEliTUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. CratcE'gus macracdntha. The long-spined Thorn. Leaves and fruit of the natural size. XXVI. BosA^CEiE : crat.eVuis. 391 Cratce^gui Criis-gdlli, et i-ar. The Cock's-spuv Thorn, and its varieties. Lcut^ mil fruit of t'lL ii itiii il i/i .111"' Lru-'-g-iUi. Uneilri*s.| c. C.f IP^-^aiicifulia, 092 AEliORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BKJTANNICUM. CratcB'gus nigra, and C. purpurea. Tlie black-fruited Thorn, and tlie ^\ix^\e-branched Tiiorn. Leaves _jiTmim«jtim^rm^ . aiul fruit of the natural size. XXVI. JJOSA CEiE : CIIAT.E GUS. 393 Cratcegus purpurea aitoica, and C. Doui/lasW. The Altaic purple- braiwJted Thorn, and Douglas's Thorn. Leaves and I'ruit of the natural size. 394 ARBOIIETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. Crniceg^is flava, and C lohata. The yeWow -fruited Thorn, and the \oheA-leaved Thorn. LeavLs d id fruit of tl e ii itunl size XXVI. 7J0SA CE^ : CRAT.E GUS. 39:. Crataegus trilobata, and C. apiifolia. The tUree-lohed-leaved Thorn, and the Parsley-leaved Thon. Leavcb and fruit ^ ^a^ y^rf^ ot the natural size ,(T| ,„ jir < , -=-,v *^ M ' \ If I < C. opiifulia, 396 ARBOllETUM E'l' FRUTICETUJM BIUTANNICUM. Crala^gus cordd/a, and C. spatlmldta. The heart-s/inped-leai'ed Tliorn, and the spaihu]a-s//aped-leaved Thorn. Leaves ami fruit of tlie natural size. . 'i 'I xxvi. jjosace.'e: crat.t;our. 89: Crat(E'ff!is Azarolus, 0. Aroiiia, and C. maroceand. The Azaiolc Thorn, the Aronia Thorn, and the Morocco Thorn. Leaves ami fruit of the natural size. 398 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRlTANNICUiM. Cralie'gus orientals, et var., and C. tanacetifdlia, et var. The Eastern Thorn, and the Tansy-leaved Thorn, with Varieties. Leaves anil fruit of the natural size. XXVI. iiosA^CE.^ : crat.eVjus. 8!M) CraiiE'gus tanact'tifolia iceana, C. heteropliylla, and C. Oxi/ardiif/i but, when trained against a wall, ~ forming a very handsome ever- green. Propagated by grafting on „2 s. 5-.auci.«»™. Cratse'gus. Genus XVI. 731 . Stranvie^sui glauc^scens. PHOTI'NIA Lindl. The Photinia. Lin. Syst. Icosandria Di-Pentagynia. Identification. Lindl. in Lin. Soc. Trana., 13. p. 103.; Dec. Prod., 2. p. C31. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 602. Synanyme. Cratae''gus sp. Z.. ..,,., r f^t. , derivation. From pholeinos, shining ; in al'^sion to the lucid surface of the leaves. Gen. Char. Calyx 5-toothed. Petals reflexed. Ovarium semiadherent, vil- lous 2-ceUed. Styles 2, glabrous. Pericarp 2-celled, enclosed in the fleshy calyx. Testa cartilaginous. (Son's Mill.) Leaves simple, alternate, stipulate, evergreen ; quite entire, or serrated. 3 404 ARBORETUM ET I'RLiTICETUM BRITANNICUM. Flowers white, disposed in terminal corymbose panicles. Fruit small, smooth. — Evergreen trees ; natives of Asia and America, requiring the same garden treatment as CratEE^gus (on which all the species may be grafted), except that the species are somewhat more tender, and are best grown against a wall even in the climate of London. • 1. P. serrula'ta Lindl. The serrulated-Zcawrf Photinia. Identification. Lindl. in Lin. Soo. Trans., 13. p. 103. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 631. ; and Don's Mill., 2. p. 602. Si/nonyme. Crata;'"gus gl&bra Thunb. Fl. Jap. 205., Bot. Mag., Lodd. Bot. Cab., Colla Hort. Ripul. Engravmss. Bot. Mag., t. 210.5. ; Bot. Cab., t. 248. ; Colla Hort. Ripul., t. 36. ; the plate of this species in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. vi. ; and our Jig. 733. 733. Photfnia » Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves oblong, acute, serrulated. Pedicels longer than the calyx. Buds large, red. (i)^c. Prod.) An evergreen shrub or low tree. Ja- pan and China. Height 12 ft. to 15 ft. Introduced in 1804. Flowers white ; April and May. Fruit ? ; rarely produced in England. The young shoots and leaves are remarkable for their deep red, or ma- hogany colour ; and the decaying leaves exhibit this colour much more in- tensely, mixed with a fine yellow or scarlet. Altogether it forms a very splendid plant, when trained against a wall ; or, in warm sheltered situations, as a standard. It is commonly grafted or budded on thorn stocks ; and it also does well upon quince stocks. In the neighbourhood of London it flowers between the middle of April and the middle of May ; but it has not yet pro- duced fruit in England. The largest and oldest plants are at White Knights, where it was planted in 1804 ; and, in 1835, formed a large bush or tree, nearly 15 ft. high. a 2. P. /IRButifo'lia Lindl. The kvbutas-leaved Photinia. Identification. Lindl. in Lin. Soc. Trans., 13. p. 103. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 631. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. COa Synonyme. Cratffi^gus firbutifblia Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 2. vol. 3 p. 232. ETlgrainngs. Bot. Reg., t. 491 . ; and our^. 7M. XXVI. JJOSA CE^ : COTONEA STER. 405 Spec. Char., Spc. Leaves with the disk oblong- lanceolate, acute, distantly serrated, six times longer than the petiole, which is red. The pani- cle, in this species, is not corymbose. (Dec. Prod.) An evergreen shrub or low tree. Cali- fornia. Height 10 ft. to 20 ft. Introduced in 1796. Flowers white ; July and August. Fruit ?. A very desirable evergreen for walls, hitherto comparatively neglected in British gardens. Horti- cultural Soci- ety's Garden. 734, F. orbutifaiis. 3. P. INTEGRIFO^LIA Lindl. entire-leaved Photinia. The Identification. Lindl. in Lin. Trans., 13. p. 103. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 602. Syncnyme. PJrus iDtegerrima Wall, ex D. Don Prod. Fl. Nep. p. 237. Engraving. Our Jig. 735. from a specimen in the Linnsan herbarium. Spec. Char., S^c. Leaves elliptic, acu- minated, quite entire. Panicle dif- fuse. Pedicels bractless. Ovary 3-celled ; cells biovulate, (Don's Mil/.) An evergreen tree. Nepal. Height 20 ft. Introduced in 1820. Flowers white ?. Requires the protection of a wall, which it well deserves, on account of the beauty of its foliage. } 4. P. DU^BiA Lindl. 735. P. integrlftlia. The doubtful Photinia. Identification. Lindl. in Lin. Trans., 13. p. 104. ; Don's Mill,, 2. p. 602. Spnonffjnes. Jlfespilus bengalensis Roxb. ; M. tinctdrla D. Don Prod. Fl. Nep. Shicbla Ham. MSS. ETtgravings. Lin. Trans., 13. t. 10. ; and OMrJlg. 736. ^ec. Char., S^c. Leaves lanceolate, distantly ser- rated. Panicle corymbose, pilose. Fruit 2-celled. Seed 1, large, and clothed with a loose testa. Fruit sometimes 1-celled from abortion, and 2- seeded. (Don's JMjJl.) An evergreen tree. Nepal. Height 20 ft. Introduced in 1821. Flowers white ?. It appears nearly allied to Raphiolepis. Hamil- ton states that the bark is used, in Nepal, to dye cotton red. Culture and management as in the preceding species. Genus XVII. 238. ; Cratie'gus 736. p. djlbia. ^^AjlI'^ COTONEA'STER Med. The Cotoneaster. Di-Pentagjnia. Lin. St/st. Icosandria Identification. Med. Gesch. Bot, 1793. ; Lmdl. in Lin. Soc. Trans., 13. p. 101.; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 632., Don's Mill., 2. p. 603. Sx/nonpmeg. Jl/espilus sp. Lin. ; Neflier cotonneux, Fr. ; Quitten-Mispel, Ger. ; Cotognastro, Ifal. Derivation. Cotoneaster, a sort of barbarous word signifying quince-like. The quince was called Coionea by Pliny : and aater, sl corruption of ad instar, is used occasionally to express similitude. D D 3 406 ARB0RE1*UM KT FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. The genus, and C. frtgida in particular, is not unlike the quince in its leaves. {Lindley in Bot, Reg.t. 1187. and 1229.) Gen. Char. Flowers polygamous from abortion. Calyx turbinate, bluntly 3-toothed. Petals short, erect. Stamens length of the teeth of the calyx. Styles glabrous, shorter than the stamens. Carpels 2 — 3, parietal, biovu- late, enclosed in the calyx. (Don's Mill.) Leaves simple, alternate, stipulate or exstipulate, deciduous or evergreen ; generally woolly beneath. Flowers in corymbs, lateral, spreading, furnished with deciduous subulate bracteas. Petals small, permanent. — Shrubs or low trees. Natives of Europe, America, and Asia. The species are very desirable garden shrubs or low trees, from the beauty of their foliage, their flowers, and their fruit ; the fruit of C. frfgida and C. affinis, in particular, being produced in great abundance, and being of an intense scarlet colour, have a very splendid appearance, and remain on the trees the greater part of the winter. The cotoneasters are all readily propagated by seeds, cuttings, layers, or grafting on C. vulgaris, on the com- mon quince, or on the hawthorn. Though the greater part of the species are natives of Asia, yet in Britain they are found to be as hardy as if they were indigenous to the North of Europe, more especially those of them that are true evergreens. Not one of them was killed by the winter of 1837-8 in the Hort. Soc. Garden. § i. Leaves deciduous. Sliruls. as 1. C. vULGA^Ris Lindl. The common Cotoneaster. Identification. Lindl. in Lin. Soc. Trans., 13. p. 101. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 632. : Don's Mill., 2. p. 603. Synonymes. Mespijus CotoneSster Lin. Sp. 686., CEd. Fl. Van. t. 112. ; Ni5flier cotonneux, Fr. ; Quitten-Mispel, Ger, ; Salciagnolo, Itat. Engravings. CEd. Fl. Dan., 1. 112. ; Eng. Bot. Suppl., t. 2713. ; and our fig- 737. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves ovate, rounded at the base. Wk 9l Peduncles and calyxes glabrous. (Dec. Prod.) A de- MjIM ciduous shrub. Europe and Siberia, on the sunny parts of subalpine hills. Height 2 ft. to 3ft. in a wild state; ,' in cultivation 4 ft. to 5 ft. Cultivated in 1656. Flowers white, slightly tinged with pink ; April and May. Fruit red or black ; ripe in July and August. „, „ ,^ . ^ -J » 737. C. Tulc&ns. Vaneties._ The following three forms of this species are to be met with, both in a wild state, and in gardens : — a C. y. 1 erythrocarpa Led. Fl. Alt. ii. p. 219. has the fruit red when ripe, s C. V. 2 melanocdrpa Led., A/espilus Cotoneaster Pall. Fl. Ross. p. 30. t. 14., M. melanocarpa Fisch., C. melanocarpa Lad. Cat., has the fruit black when ripe. Sfc C. V. 3 depressa Fries Nov. Suec. p. 9., Dec. Prod. ii. p. 632., is rather spiny, with lanceolate acutish leaves, and fruit including 4 carpels. It is a native of the rocks of Sweden near Warberg. m 2. C. (v.) TOMENTO'SA Lindl. The tomentose, or woolly, Cotoneaster. ^'s':f ?,'rs mt'k i"6oi°- '"" ''"°"' "• "• •"'■ ■' °'^- p'""- ^- p Synonymes. Jlfespilus tonientbsa Willd. Sp.% p. 1012., not Lam • M erio. carpa Dec. Fl. Fr. Synops. and Suppl. No. 3691. ■ > . u Engraving. Omjig. 738. from a specimen in the British Museum Sp^. Char., Sfc. Leaves elliptical, obtuse at both ends. Peduncles and calyxes woolly. (Dec. Prod.) A decidu- ous shrub, hke the preceding species, of which it appears to us to be only a variety, found wild on the rocks "^« C. (t.( toraentosa. XXVI. rosa'ceje: cotonea'ster. 407 of Jura, and in other parts of the Alps of Switzerland ; in British gardens since 1759. and in cultivation 3t 3. C. (v.) LAXIFLO~RA. Jacg. The loose-flowered Cotoneaster 2. p. 604. Identification. Jacq. ex Lindl. Bot. Reg.. 1. 1305 ; Don's Mill, Engravings. Bot. Keg., t. 1305. ; and our Jigs. 739. and 740. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves oblong, obtuse at both ends, smooth above, and woolly beneath. Cymes panicled, pilose. Calyxes quite smooth. Flowers pink. {Don's Mill.) Branches brownish purple, with an ash- coloured cuticle, which peels oiF. A de- ciduous shrub, flowering in April, and having the same general appearance and habit as C. vulgaris, but differing from it in having large loose racemes,and ip the colour of its flowers, and their greater number. It was raised in the Garden of the Horticultural Society, from seeds sent by Professor Jacquin of Vienna, in 1826. Its native country is unknown. 739. C. {v.Vlaiciflora. Variety. Si C. (v.) I. 2 vrjf.i Garden. ra Fischer. — Flowers solitary. Horticultural Society'.s a « 4. C. DENTicuLA^T.i. The toothed-leaved Cotoneaster. Ident'Jicati&n. H. et B., vol. vi. p. 214. Engravings. H. et B., vol. vi. t. 556. ; and our Jig. 741 . Spec. Char. , Sfc. Leaves elliptic, or obovate-elliptic, rounded on both sides, mucronate-cuspidate, den- ticulate at the apex, coriaceous, smooth above, tomentose, pubescent and hoary- beneath. Co- rymbs simple. Flowers sub-dodecandrous; with 1 — 2 stigmas. Calyx woolly tomentose. {H. et B.) A shrub, apparently sub-evergreen, and very like C. vulgaris. Mexico, on elevated plains near Actopa, at the height of 6000 ft. Height ? 5 ft. to 6 ft. Introduced in 1839. Flower.s white ; September. Fruit ?. Raised in the Hor- ticultural Society's Garden from seeds sent home by M. Hartweg. 741. C. (lenticul&ta. § ii. Sub-evergreen or deciduous. Tall Shrubs or low Trees. • 5. C. fri'gida Wall. The frigid Cotoneaster Identification. Wall, ex Lindl. Bot Reg., t. 1229. ; »nii Don's Mill., 2. p. 604. Stjnanyine. PJrus Nussia Ham. in Prod. Fl. Nep. p. 237., Dec. Prod. 2. p. 634. Engravings. Bot. Reg., 1. 1229. ; the plate of this species in Arb. Brit., vol. vi. ; and ourjig. 742. Spec. Char., Sfc. Branchlets woolly. Leaves elliptical, mucronale, coriaceous, crenulated, glabrous, woolly beneath when young. Corymbs paniculate, terminal, white, and woolly. Pomes spherical. (Dec. Prod.) A sub-ever- green shrub or low tree. Nepal, on the higher mountains of the northern region. Height 10 ft. to 20 ft. Introduced in 1824. Flowers of a snowy white, produced in great abundance ; April and May. Fruit crimson, or bright red ; ripe in September, and generally remaining on the trees great part of the winter. A remarkably robust-growing, sub-evergreen, low tree, producing shoots 3 or 4 feet long every season, when young ; and, in 3 or 4 years from the seed, becoming very prohlic in flowers and fruit. As the fruit, with the greater part D D 4 408 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BSUTANNICUM. 742. C. frigjda. of the leaves, remains on all the winter, the tree makes a splendid appearance at that season ; and, in sheltered situations, in the neighbourhood of London, it may be considered as an evergreen. It is very hardy ; the specific name of frigida being given to it on account of the coldness of the locality in which it was found. It is propagated by grafting on the comn^pn hawthorn. ft 6. C. (f.) affi^nis Lindl. The related (to C. frigida) Cotoneaster. XXVI. bosa'cejE : cotonea'ster. 409 Idenlificatian. Liadl. in Lin. Soc. Trans., 13. p. 101. : Dec. Prod-, 2, p. 632. j and Don's Mil!., 2. p. 603. Synottymes. ilfespilus integerrima Hamilt. MSS. ; M. affinis B. Don Prod. Fl. Nep. 238. ; ? C ku- m^na in Lodd. collection. Engravings. The plate in Arb. Brit., 1st edit.» vol. vi. ; and our Ji^. 743. Spec. Char., ^■c. Leaves ovate, with a small mucro at the tip, and tapered at the base. Peduncles and calyxes vroolly. (Dec. Prod.) A sub-evergreen shrub or low tree. Nepal, at Chittong, in the lower country. Height 10 ft. to 20 ft. Introduced in 1828. Flowers white ; April and May. Fruit bright red, or deep crimson ; ripe in September, and remaining on the trees great part of the winter. A robust shrub or low tree, in general habit and appearance so like the preceding sort, as to induce us to think that they are only different forms of the same species. They are, however, different in foliage, and on that account worth keeping distinct. 3^ * 7. C. ACUMiNA^TA Lindl. The acuminated-Zeotied Cotoneaster. Identification. Lindl. in Lin. Soc. Trans., 13. p. 101. \ Dec. Prod., 2. p. 632. ; Don's Mill., 2. p.G03 Swnont/me. Jlfespilus acuminata Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 919. Engravings. Lodd. Bot. Cab., t. 919. ; Lin. Soc. Trans., 13. L 9. ; the plate of this species in Arb. Brit., 1st edit, vol. vi. i and our fig. 744. 744. C. acuminata. Spec. Char., ^c. Leaves ovate, acuminated, rather pilose on both surfaces. Peduncles glabrous, 1 — 2, rather reflexed, shorter than those of C. vulgaris, C. tomentdsa, or C. affinis. Calyxes glabrous. {Dec. Prod.) A sub- evergreen shrub or low tree. Nepal. Height 10 ft. to 15 ft. Introduced in 1820. Flowers white ; April and May. Fruit scarlet ; ripe in September, and remaining on the plants all the winter. A vigorous-growing, fastigiate, leathery-leaved shrub, or very handsome sub-evergreen low tree ; very distinct, and a most desirable species. S 8. C. nummula'ria Lindl. The money-like-feawrf Cotoneaster. Idenlificatian. Lindl. in Hort. Trans., 6. p. 396. „, ., „ ., „ . „„,... Synonymes. C. elliptica Uort. ; Eriob6trya eUlptica Lvndl. ; JBespilus Cnile Hort. ; ? C. te'vis ii Lodd. collection. ^ .... . ^ ^ . Derivation Probably from the roundness of the leaf, resembling the general form of coins. Engravings. The plate in Arb. Brit., Ist edit, vol. vi. ; and our jSg- 7<5- 410 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. 745. G. nummulinia. Spec. Char., Sfc. Disk of leaf flat, orbicular, or elliptical, ending in a mucro, in some instances emarginate. Petiole of about the length of the stipules, which are linear-lanceolate, membranous, and soon fall off. Bark, buds, flower buds, stipules, petiole, the under surface of the disk of the leaf, and part of the upper surface of the midrib, tomentosely hairy, while in a young state J the bark, petioles, midrib on its upper snrface, and calyx, become glabrous when old. Flowers in axillary cymes, few in a cyme. Style and carpel, which has a bony shell, mostly solitary. Erect, branched in a spread- ing manner; branchlets straight, slender. An elegant low sub-evergreen tree. Nepal, in the mountainous region. Height 10 ft. to 15 ft. Intro- duced in 1824. Flowers white ; April and May. Berries numerous, black ; ripe in September. A very handsome species, distinguished at first sight from the others by its spreading habit of growth and smaller leaves. 5 iii. Leaves evergreen, leathery. Low Shrubs, with prostrate Branches ; Trailers, but not properly Creepers, n. 9. C. ROTDNDiFO^LiA Wall. The round-leaved Cotoneaster. Identifi cation. Wall. Cat. ; Lindl. Bot. Reg., 1229. Synunymes. C. microphjUa jS UVa-firsi Lindl. Sot. Beg. t. 1187. ; C. U"va-tirsi Hori. ; the Bearberry-leaved Nepal Cotoneaster. Engravings. Bot. Reg., t. 1187. ; and omt Jigs. 746. and 747. Spec. Char,, ^c. Leaves roundish, pi- lose beneath, evergreen. Peduncles 1-flowered. Producing its white flow- ers in April and May. (Don's Mill.) An evergreen shrub. Nepal, on mountains. Height 3 ft. to 4 ft. In- troduced in 1825. Flowers white, with the backs of the petals often 74e. C. romndifolia. 717. C. rotumIiF6Ua. XXVI. BOSA CEM : amela'nchier. 411 Fruit bright scarlet ; ripe in August, and remain- C. (r.) microphylla. ' pinkish ; April and May. ing on all the winter. A most desirable shrub for a small garden, for clothing a naked wall, cover- ing rockwork, or grafting standard high, so as to form a pendent evergreen tree. B. 10. C. (r.) miorophy'lla Wall. The small-leaved Cotoneaster. Idmtificatiim. Wall, ex Lindl. Bot. Reg., 1. 1114. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 604. Engravings, Bot. Reg., t. 1114. ; and our.^. 748. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves oblong, obtuse, pubescent beneath, evergreen. Peduncles usually 1 -flowered. (^Don's Mill.) A prostrate evergreen shrub, closely resembling the preceding species, and in our opinion only a variety of it. Nepal. Height 2 ft. to 3 ft. Introduced in 1824'. Flowers white ; May and .Tune. Berries bright scarlet ; ripe in August, and remaining on all the winter. It is exceedingly hardy, and forms a fine plant on rockwork, or on a lawn, where it has room to extend itself. A plant of C. microphylla, at High Clere, of about 10 years' growth, was, in 1835, 6 ft. high, and formed a dense bush, covering a space 21 ft. in diameter. Another, at Redleaf, was, in 1837, nearly as large. Grafted standard high on the thorn, or any of its congeners, this shrub forms a singular and beautiful evergreen drooping tree : or it will cover a naked wall nearly as rapidly as ivy; and it possesses a decided advantage over that plant, and particularly over the variety called the giant ivy, in its shoots, which may be prevented from extending many inches from the face of the wall, and, consequently, being not likely to injure the plants growing near it. Were the practice of training trees and shrubs in architectural or sculp- tural shapes again to come into fashion, there are few plants better adapted for the purpose than this and the preceding sort of Cotoneaster. ■a_ 11. C. (r.) Juxifo'lia Wall. The JJox-leaved Cotoneaster. Identification.. Wall, ex Lindl. Bot. Reg., t. 1229. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 604. Engraving. Our fig. 749. from a living specimen. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves ovate, woolly beneath, evergreen. Peduncles 2 — 3-flowered, woolly. Flowers white. {Don's Mill.) A native of Neelgherry; introduced in 1824; and ap- parently a variety of C. rotundifolia, from which it differs in having the peduncles 2- and 3-flowered, but scarcely in any thing < else. Vai-iety, C. (b.) 2 margindta, C. marginata Lindl., has rather larger leaves, which are covered thickly on the under side and margin with a dense white tomentum. Raised in the Horticultural Society's Garden in 1 838, from seeds received from Dr. Falconer of Saharunpore. Genus XVIII. AMELA'NCHIEK Med. The Amelanchier. Di-Pentagynia. Lin. Si/st. Icosandria Jdentiflcation. Med. Gesch., 1793. ; Lindl. in Lin. Soc. Trans ,13. p. 100. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 632. ; Don's Mill,, 2. p. 604. 412 ARBORETUM ET FKUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. _^ -- ^ --- M&spilas L. ; P^Tua JV. i Arbai^ Pers. Derivation. According to Clusius, Amelancier is tlie old Savoy name for A. vulgaris. (JE. of PL) Amelancier is the Savoy name for the medlar. Gen. Char. Calyx 5-cleft. Petals lanceolate. Stamens rather shorter than the calyx. Ovarium of 10-cells, or of 5 bipartite ones. Ovula 10, solitary in the partitions of the cells. Styles 5, joined together a little at the base. Pome, when mature, 3 — 5 celled. Seeds 3 — 3 ; endocarp cartilaginous. (Don's Mm.) Leaves simple, alternate, stipulate, deciduous ; serrated. Flowers white, in racemes. Bracteas linear lanceolate, deciduous. — Small trees, natives of Europe, America, or Asia. In British gardens, they are cultivated for their flowers, which are white, abundant, showy, and produced early in the season ; for their fruit, which ripens in June ; and for the deep red, or rich yellow hue, which their foliage assumes in autumn. They are propagated by grafting on the hawthorn or the quince ; or the weaker on the stronger-growing species of the genus. t 1. A. VULGARIS Mcench. The common Amelanchier. Identification. Mcench Meth^ 682. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 632. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 604. Synonymes. Kespilus Amelanchier Lin. Sp. 685., Jacq. Fl. Austr. t. 300. ; P^rus AmelaTwhier Wind. Sp. 2. p. 1015. J Artmm rotundif51ia Pers. Syn. 2. p. 39. ; Cratjc'eas rotundifSlia Lam. ; 5drbu8 Ameldnckier Crantz ; Alisier Amelanchier, Amelanchier des Bois, Neflier k Feuilles rond^, Tr. ; Felsenbirne, Ger. ; Pero cervino, Jtal. Engravings. Jacq. Fl. Austr., t. 300. ; Bot. Mag., t. 2430. ; and our fig. 760. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves roundish-oval, bluntish, downy beneath, afterwards glabrous. Fruit dark blue. (Dec. Prod.) A dfeciduous low tree. Continent of Europe, the Alps, Pyrenees, and atTon- tainbleau in France. Height 15 ft. to 20 ft. Introduced in 1596. Flowers white ; March and April. Fruit black, soft and eatable; ripe in July. Decaying leaves bright yellow. A most desirable low tree, on account of its early and numerous flowers, which cover the tree like a white sheet, about the middle of April, and, in very mild seasons, even in March. 7S0. AmtUtnchier Tul^^ris. * S 2. A. (v.) Botrya'pium Dec. The Grape-Pear, or Snowy-blossomed Amelanchier. Identification. Dec. Prod., 2. p. 632. ; Hook. Fl. Bor. Amer., 1. p. 202. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 604. Synonymes. Jlf§spilus canadensis Lin, Sp. 185. ; M. arbbrea Michx. Arb, 2. t. 66. i CratEE'gus race- mbsa Lam. Diet. 1 . p. 84. ; PJrus Botry^pium Lin. fit- Suppl. p. 255. ; ^r&nia Botryapium Pers Syn. 2. p. 39. ; the Canadian Medlar, Snowy Mespilus, June Berry, wild Pear Tree ; Alisier de Choisy, Amelajochier de Choisy, Alisier & Grappes, Ft. •, Traubenbirne, Ger. Engravings. Schm. Arb., t. 84. ; Willd. Abbild., t. 79. ; Krause, t. 56.; the plates of this species, in a young and an old state, in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. vi. ; ourj?g. 751., from a specimen taken from the tree in the Horticultural Society's Garden, with the leaves and flowers fully expanded ; and figs. 752. and 753., copied from Michaux's North American Sylva ; ■fig. 751. showing the plant in spring before the flowers are fully opened ; and fi^. 752. showing the plant in fruit. Both difPer in some respects bom fig. 753. See Sir W. J. Hooker's remarks under A. ov&lis. No. 4. Spec. Char., ^c. Leaves ob- long-elliptical, cuspidate, somewhat villous when young, afterwards glabrous. (Dec. Prod.) A deciduous shrub or low tree, closely 751. A. (t.) Botryipium. ▼■f BotryVium. XXVI. BOSA^CE^ : jmela'nchier. 413 resembling the preceding species ; and by some bo- tanists considered as only a variety of it. America. Height in America 30 ft. to 40 ft., with a trunk 10 in. to 12 in. in diameter ; in England 20 ft. to 30ft. Introduced in 1746. Flowers white; April. Fruit purple, agreeable to eat; ripe in the beginning of June. Decaying leaves rich yellow. A very ornamental tree, from its profusion of blossoms early in April, and from its rich autumnal foliage; and even the fruit is not altogether to be despised, either eaten by itself, or in tarts, pies, and puddings. The wood is white, and it exhibits no dif- ference between the heart and the sap : it is longitu- dinally traversed by small bright red vessels, which intersect each other, and run together ; a physiolo- gical pecuUarity which, Michaux observes, occurs also in the red birch. s ? 3. A. (v.) sangui'nea Dec. The blood-coloured Amelanchier. Identification. Dec. Prod., 2. p. 633. ; Llndl. in Bot. Reg., t. 1171. ; Hook. Fl. Bor. Amer., 1. p. 203. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 60<. Synont/mes. Ffrus sangulnea PursA Fl. Amer. Sept. I. p. 340. ; ATiinia sangulnea Nutt. ; Afespilus canadensis y rotundif 61ia Michaux Fl. Bor. Amer.l. p. 391 . Engravings. Bot. Reg., 1. 1171. ; and out Jigs. 754. and 7.'i5. ^. (v.) sangafnea. 755. ^. (v.) sangutnea. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves oval, obtuse at both ends, mucronate, finely serrated, somewhat heart-shaped at the base. Flowers few in a raceme. Calyx gla- brous. Petals linear, obtuse. Fruit eatable. (Dec. Prod.} A deciduous tree or large shrub. Hudson's Bay. Height 10 ft. to 20 ft. Introduced in 1824. Flowers white ; April. Fruit dark purple, full of blood-coloured juice ; ripe in July. Decaying leaves rich yellow. This plant differs from A. (v.) Botryapium in the fewer flowers, much shorter raceme, and shorter, broader, and more ovate petals ; in the young leaves being perfectly destitute of pubes- cence, and the head somewhat fastigiate. a 1" 4. ^. (v.) ova'lis Z)ec. The oval-M Amelanchier. Identification. Dec. Prod., 2. p. 632. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 604. Synonymes. Cratae'gus spic&ta Lam. Diet. 1. p. 84. ? ; itfespilus Ameldnchier Walt. Car. p. 184. ; A. parviflftra Bong. MS. ; 3/. canadensis var. » ovMis Mictix. Am. 1. p. 291. ; PJrus oviilis wmd. Sp. 2. p. 1014. ; ArbmaovalisPers. Syn. 2. p. 240. ; Amelan- chier du Canada, Alisier k E'pi, Fr. ; rundblattrige Birne, Ger. Engraving. Fig. 756. from a living specimen. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves roundish-elliptical, acute ; when young, rather velvety beneath ; when adult, glabrous. Raceme coarctate. Petals obovate. Calyx pubescent. {Dec. Prod.} A large deciduous shrub or low tree. North America, from Lake Huron to 414 ARBORETUM ET FKUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. the Rocky Mountains. Height 10 ft. to 20 ft. Introduced in 1800. Flowerb white ; April. Fruit purple j ripe in July. Decaying leaves rich yellow. Vmieties. S4 3f A. (v.) 0. 2 subcordata Dec. ; Jronia subcordata Raf. ; Ma\\is micro- carpa Raf. — A native of mountains near New York. {Dec. Prod.) ^ 1 A. (v.) 0. 3 semi-integrifolia Hook. Fl. Bor. Anier. p. 201. — Leaves for the most part separated at the apex. A native about the Grand Rapids, and at Fort Vancouver, on the Columbia. Sir Wra. J. Hooker is disposed to agree with Dr.-Torrey, who su'spects this to be only a variety of A. Botryapium ; and he adds that Michaux seems to have included A. Botryapium and A. vulgaris under his A. canadensis. The wood of A. ovalis, according to Dr. Richardson, is prized by the Cree Indians for making arrows and pipe stems; and it is thence termed by the Canadian voyagers Bois de fleche. Its berries, which are about the size of a pea, are the finest fruit in the country ; and are used by the Cree Indians both in a fresh and in a dried state. They " make excellent puddings, very little inferior to plum-pudding." (Hook. Fl. Bor. Amer., i. p. 203.) at S 5. A. (v.) flo'rida Lindl. The ilowery Amelanchier. Identification. Lindl. Bot. Reg., 1. 1589.; Card. Mag., vol. ix. p. 484. Engravings. Bot. Reg.,, t. 1.^89. ; and our Jigs. 758. to a scale of 2 in. to 1 ft., and Jig. 1b7. of the natural size. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves oblong, obtuse at both ends, coarsely serrate in the terminal portion, glabrous in every state. Bracteas and stipules feathery at the tip, soon falling off. Flowers in upright racemes, many in a raceme. Calyx gla- brous externally ; its segments longer than, or at least as long as, the stamens. (Lindl.) A handsome hardy deciduous shrub or low tree, in habit and general appearance like A, (v.) Botryapium, but at once recognised as distinct by its fastigiate habit of growth, and by the short- ness of its stamens. North America, on the north-west coast. Height 10 ft. to 20 ft. Introduced in 1826. Flowers white ; May. Fruit purple; ripe in August. Decaying leaves rich yellow. Variety. j» A. («.) /. 2 parvifolia, the A. parvifolia of the Horticultural Society's Garden, is of a dwarf habit, not growing above 3 or 4 feet high, and has smaller leaves. The leaves somewhat resemble those of the hornbeam ; the petals vary in length, some having measured more than f of an inch. In general habit, it is somewhat more fastigiate than the other sorts, unless we except A. sanguiiiea, to which, Dr. Lindley observes, it is very near akin. Possibly a distinct spe- cies, but we doubt it. Genus XIX. ME'SPILUS Lindl. The Medlar. Lbi. Syst. Icosandria Di-Pentagynia. Jdentificatian. Lindl. in Lin. Trans., 13. p. 99. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 633. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 604. Synonymes. Mespitus sp. of Lin. .ind others ; Mespil6phora sp. of Neck. ; Neflier, Fr. \ Mispe! Ger. ; NeGpolo, ItaL Derivation, From mcsos. a half, and pilos, a bullet ; fruit resembling half a bullet. XXVI. flOSA'cE^: amela'nchier. 415 Gen. Char. Calyx 5-cleft, the segments foliaceous. Petals nearly orbicular. Diik large, full of honey. Styles 2 — 5, glabrous. Pome turbinate, open ; 5-celled. Endocarp bony. (Don's Mill.) Leaves simple, alternate, stipulate, deciduous ; lanceolate, serrulated. Flowers large, nearly sessile, usually solitary, white. Bracleas permanent. — Trees ; in a wild state furnished with spines. Natives of Europe. The first species is .cultivated for its fruit, which is eatable, and the seeds of which are accounted anti-lithic. The second species is an ornamental shrub or low tree, of the general character of a Cratae^gus. Both are propagated by grafting on the quince, the wild pear, or the common hawthorn ; and both grow freely in any common soil, rather moist than dry. t 1. M. germa'nica L. The German, or common. Medlar. Identification. Ijn. Sp.. 684. ; Pall. Fl. Ross., t. 13. f. 1. ; Dec. Prod, 2. p. 633. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 606. Engravings. Pall. FL Ross., 1. 13. f. 1. ; the plate of this species in Arh. Brit, 1st edit., vol. vi, ; and oar fig. 759. 759. W^pilus germfcnica. Spec. Char., ^c. Leaves lanceolate, tomentose beneath, undivided. Flowers solitary. {Dec. Prod.) A deciduous tree of the second rank. Europe and the West of Asia, in bushy places and woods ; and said to be found, also, in Kent, Sussex, Surrey, and about Chester, in England ; apparently in a truly wild state in Sussex. Cultivated in 1596. Flowers white ; May and June. Fruit brown ; ripe in October and November. Decaying leaves dark brown, or yellow. VariHies. DeCandoUe gives the following forms of this species, which may be considered as natural varieties : — 41« ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. M. g. 1 sylvestris Mill. Diet. No. ). - its spines in a state of cultivation. M. g. 2 strkta Dec, Ait. Hort. Kew. ii. p, Spineless. Leaves doubly serrated. M. g. 3 diffilsa Dec., Ait. Hort. Kew. ii. p. t. 3. — Thornless. Leaves nearly entire. abortive of seeds. Spiny. Fruit small. It loses 172., Dod. Pempt. 801.— 172., Du Ham. Arb. Fr. i. Fruit, in many instances. In the HcrrHcidtwal Society's Fruit Catalogue, the following four culti- vated sorts are given, which may be considered as artificial varieties : — 1. Blake's large-fruited Medlar. 2. Dutch Medlar. — Fruit the largest of any. 3. Nottingham, or common, Medlar. — Fruit obovate, middle size, and of the best quality : the only sort worth cultivating for its fruit in England. 4. The stoneless Medlar. — Fruit small, and of little merit. The fruit of the medlar is not eaten till in a state of incipient decay, when it is very agreeable to some palates ; though it is, as Du Hamel observes, more un fruit de fantame, than one of utility. A number of trees of the dif- ferent varieties may be seen in the orchard of the Horticultural Society's Garden, where they have taken very picturesque shapes. 5? 2. M. Smi'thk Dec. Smith's; Medlar. Identification. Dec. Prod., 2. p. 633. j Don's Mill., 2. p. 605. Synonymes. M. graiidiflora Smitk Exot. Bot. 1. p. 33. ; M. lobiita Pair. Hook, in Bot. Mag. t. 3342. Engravings, Smith Exot. Bot, 1 . 1. 18. ; Bot. Mag., t. 3442. ; the plate of this species in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. vi.; and our JS^. 760. ' 760. Jtf^spilus Smithtt. Spec. Char., S[c. Leaves oblong, elliptic, serrated, pubescent on the nerves beneath. Flowers usually sohtary. {Don's Mill.) A deciduous tree with rambling irregular branches. Native country unknown. Cultivated in 1800. Height 15ft. to 20ft. Flowers white; May and June. Fruit reddish brown ; ripe in October. As hardy as the common medlar, and well deserving a place in ornamental plantations for the beauty of its flowers, which are produced in great pro- fusion. The general aspect and habit of the tree are those of a Cratse^gus and, indeed, it is by many persons considered as more properly belonging ., q that genus than to ilifespilus. XXVI. flOSA'cEiE: 2^'rus. 417 Genus XX. If.*^ PY'RUS Lhidl. The Pear Tree. Lin. Syst. Icosandria Di-Pentagynia. Identification. Lindl. Lin. Soc. Tr., 13. p. 97. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. G33. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 605. SynofUfims. /^rus MUus, and Sdrbus, Tourn, ; i'Jrus and ^rbus Lin. ; PjriJphoruin and Apy rAphorum i^eck. Gen. Char. Calyx with an urceolate tube, and a 5-lobed limb. Petals roundish. Styles usually 5, rarely 2 or 3. Pome closed, 5-celled. Pida- men cai'tilaginous. Seeds 2 in each cell. Testa cartilaginous. (Don's Mill.) •Leaves simple, alternate, stipulate, deciduous, or sometimes sub-ever- green ; entire, serrated, or pinnately divided. Flowers numerous, in cymes. Bracteas subulate, deciduous. Low trees, and some shrubs ; almost all deciduous ; natives of Europe, Asia, and North America. Some of them are in great estimation throughout the world for their fruit ; and others are cultivated chiefly for their flowers. Under the genus Pyrus, botanists have lately united the Linnsean genera Pyrus and iSorhus, together with several species formerly included under il/espilus, CratEB^gus, and other genera. Some of the species of Pyrus are, and have been for ages, the most univer- sally cultivated of all ligneous plants ; the apple and the pear being highly esteemed fruits, both in the temperate and transition zones of both hemi- spheres. These, and all the species of the genus, are propagated by grafting on the wild varieties of each division. § 1. Pyruphorum Dec. Sect. Char. Petals spreading, flat. Styles 5, distinct. Pome more or less top-shaped, or subglobose, without a concavity at the base. Pedicels simple, umbeled. Leaves simple, not glanded. (Dec. Prod., ii. p. 633. ) This sec- tion comprehends all the pears, properly so called. It 1. P. coMMU^Nis L. The common Pear Tree. Identificalion. l^mn. Sp., 686. j Dec. Prod., 2. p. 633. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 605. Synony-mes. F. j4'chras Gtsrtn. Fruct. 2. p. 44. t. 87. ; P. sylvestris Dud- Pempt. 800.; PyiSster Ray Syn. 452. ; Poirier, Fr. ; gemeine Bime, or Blrnebaum, Ger. ; Pero domescico, Ital. ; Pera, Span. ; and Gruschl^a, Russian. Engravings. Blackw. Herb., t. 4.53. ; Eng. Bot., t. 1784. ; the plate of this species in Arb. Brit., Ist edit, vol. vi. ; and our jig. 761. S^ec. Char., ^c. Branches and buds glabrous. Leaves ovate, serrated, gla- brous upon both surfaces. Flowers corymbose. (Dec. Prod.) A deciduous tree of the middle size. Europe, in \yoods and waste places, from the east of Russia to the west of England. Height 30 ft. to 50 ft. rarely 70 ft. In cul- tivation from time immemorial. Flowers white, never tinged with pink like those of the apple ; April and May. Fruit in a wild state green, turning vellowi.<;h in November. Decaying leaves rich yellow or reddish yellow. Varieties. DeCandoUe mentions two forms of the wild species, compara- tively permanent ; to which we have added several others, the result of cul- tivation, and which are more or less accidental or temporary. To these we might have subjoined a class of wild pears with hoary leaves, such as P. nivalis, P. «alicif61ia, &c., which we consider as varieties, or races, though commonly treated as species ; but we have preferred giving them afterwards as distinct sorts. t P. c. 1 A>chras Wallr. Sched. p. 213. — Spiny. Leaves woolly when young, but afterwards glabrous; the disk ovate, acuminate, entire ; the petiole long. Tube of the calyx woolly when young, afterwards becoming glabrous. Pome with its basal part long. 4-1 S ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. 761. P^TUE commJiniB. f P.O. 2 Pi/raster Wallr. Sched. p. 214., Gsrtn. Fr.t.87. f. 2. — Spiny. Leaves roundish, acute, sharply serrated, glabrous even when young. Tube of the calyx, while young, glabrous. Pome rounded at the base. S P. u. Zfoliis variegatis has variegated leaves. t P. e. 'ifructu variegdto has the skin of the fniit variegated with yellow and white. t P. u. 5. sanguinolenta, the sanguinole Pear, has the flesh of the fruit red or reddish ; and, though small and gritty, is not bad to eat when ripe. If P. c. 6 flore plena, Poire de I'Armenie Bon. Jard. p. 43., has double flowers. t P. c. 7.jdspida; Bon Chretien a Bois jaspe Bon. Jard. edit. 1836, p. 424. ; has the bark of the wood striped with yellow. t P.C.8 sativaDec. — Without spines. This is the cultivated variety, of which there are very numerous subvarieties in gardens. For these DeCandoUe refers us to Miller's Dictionary, and to I)u Hamel's Des Arbres Fruitiers ; but, at the present time, by far the most complete collection in the world, of cultivated pears, is in the garden of the London Horticultural Society ; and they are described in the Fruit Catalogue (edit. 1831) of that body. From this cata- logue Mr. Thompson has made for us the following selection of sorts which are at once deserving of culture as ornamental trees, and as producing fruit of first-rate excellence. Subvarieties. Beurr'e Diel. — Leaves large, and flowers very large. A hardy tree, somewhat fastigiate in its shape ; a great bearer, and deserving of extensive cultivation on account of its fruit, independently altoge- ther of its handsome shape and large flowers. Beurr'e de Bans (not Beurree ranee, as commonly written, which means rank, or rancid). — Branches spreading, or pendulous. The best very late pear yet known. It bears very well as a standard. Bezi de la Motte. — Leaves remarkably narrow. Glout Morceau. {Jig. 762.) — Branches spreading. Head pyramidal. A hardy tree, and a great bearer. The fruit of most excellent flavour, XXVI. iJosA'cE^ : pv'rus. 410 769. p. c. var. Qlout Morceau. and hanging late on the tree. There is a plate of this variety in the Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. vi. Kapoleon. — Leaves broad and shining. Blossoms large. The tree vigorous, and a good bearer. The fruit excellent. Swan's Egg. — A handsome pyramidal tree, and an excellent bearer. The fruit roundish, or obovate. This is one of the commonest pear trees in the market-gardens about London ; and we have introduced the name here, from having ourselves observed the handsome shapes taken by the trees. The fruit, however, as compared with that of the above sorts, is not worth cultivating. The following Scotch pears are recommended by Mr. Gorrie, as forms adapted for landscape scenery ; but little can be said in favour of their fruit, as compared with that of the new Flemish varieties. The Benvie, the Golden Knap, and the Elcho take fastigiate forms ; the latter more especially, Mr. Gorrie says, may be called the Lombardy poplar of the pear tribe. These trees generally attain the height of from 45 ft. to 50ft. in as many years, in the Carse of Gowrie, in Perthshire. The busked Lady and the Poiv Meg take spreading orbiculate forms, such as wiH assort with the ^"cer Pseiido-Platanus, and may be called the oaks and elms of the pear family. (See Gard. Mag., vol. iv. p. 11.) The pear tree, in a wild state, has a pyramidal-shaped head, with thorny branches, at first erect, and afterwards curved downwards and pendulous. The roots are few, and descend perpendicularly, with few lateral ramifications, except in shallow and rich soil. The leaves vary exceedingly in different soils, and in different parts of Europe and Asia : in Britain they are generally green, and slightly tomentose, and do not differ greatly in magnitude ; but in the woods of Poland, and in the vast steppes of Russia, the leaves of the wild pear trees are commonly white with down, and vary so exceedingly in their dimensions, as to include what are called the willow-leaved, the sage- leaved, the elaeagnus-leaved, and other narrow-leaved varieties, which by E B 2 420 AEBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. many are considered to be species. The fruit of the pear, in a wild state, is seldom more than a fourth part of the size of even the most ordinary culti- vated varieties ; and it is also austere, and unfit to eat. The plant is always found on a dry soil, and more frequently on plains than on hills or moun- tains ; and solitary, or in small groups, rather than in woods and forests. The rate of growth is 2 or 3 feet a year for the first 6 or 7 years ; in 10 years it will attain the height of 20 ft. in gardens ; and in 30 years the height of 50 ft., with a trunk from 1 ft. to 18 in. in diameter ; which may be considered its average dimensions in Britain. The tree is of great longevity. M. Bosc says that he has seen trees that were considered to be more than -iOO years old ; and Mr. Knight believes that there are trees of the Teynton squash (a famous perry pear) which existed as early as the beginning of the fifteenth century. All writers on trees, from Theophrastus to the present day, agree that, as the tree grows old, it increases in fruilfulncss ; which is, indeed, the case with most other trees. The wood of the wild pear is heavy, strong, compact, of a fine grain, and slightly tinged with red. It weighs, green, 79 lb. 5 oz. per cubic foot ; and, when dry, from 49 lb. to 53 lb. This wood, in common with that of all the iJosacesB, is liable to have its natural colour changed by steeping it in water ; which ought, therefore, to be avoided when it is intended for particular pur- poses. It is readily stained black, and then so closely resembles ebony as to be scarcely distinguishable from it. When it can be obtained, it is much used by turners and pattern-makers ; also for joiners' tools, and to make various articles which are dyed black in imitation of ebony. As fuel, the wood of the pear is excellent, producing a vivid and durable flame, accompanied by intense heat. It also makes excellent charcoal. The leaves, according to Withering, afford a yellow dye, and may be used to give a green to blue cloths. The great use of the pear tree, however, is as a fruit tree. The fruit is used in the dessert, and for stewing and preserving. It is also occasionally used in tarts, though very inferior for this purpose to apples. In France and Belgium, th'e fruit is very generally dried in ovens, in which state it forms an article of commerce both domestic and foreign, and will keep a year. It is also dried in this manner in Russia; and, when stewed, is excellent, either as a substitute for pies and puddings, or as forming part of the dessert. It is essential that the soil should be dry ; and, where the tree is intended to grow large and be productive, it ought to be deep and good. There are few trees better adapted for being grown in hedgerows than the fastigiate-growing varieties of pear, because their roots descend perpendicularly, and can, therefore, never inter- fere with the plough ; and the heads, whether fastigiate or spreading, it is known from experience, do very little injury to pasture. If, therefore, fasti- giate-growing trees, producing excellent sorts of fruit, were planted in all hedges, a very great benefit would result to the proprietors and to the public. The wild pear is continued by seed ; and the varieties cultivated for their fruit are budded or grafted on stocks of different kinds. For the poorer soils, and exposed situations, stocks of the wild pear of the given locality must, doubtless, be the best, because they must be the hardiest : but it is found from experience, and it is consistent with physiological principles, that, on good sous, or where the pear is to be cultivated entirely as a fruit tree, both the tree and the fruit will grow larger when the stock is a seedling pear of some vigorous-growing variety. When dwarf trees are required, the pear is grafted on the quince, the medlar, or the thorn ; or on the mountain ash, or some other species of jSorbus. It grows remarkably well on the common haw- thorn ; though, unless the graft be made under ground, it does not form a very safe and durable tree ; because, as the scion increases faster in diameter than the stock, it is liable to be blown off. When the graft, however, is made close to the surface of the ground, or immediately under the surface, the root swells in nearly the same proportion as the scion, and there is no danger of the tree being blown down, or of its not being sufficiently long- lived. XXVI. bosa^cejE : py'rus.' 421 763. F. {c.) *alTif61ia. "f 2. P. (c.) SALVIFO^LIA Dec. The Sage-leaved, Aurelian, or Orleans, Pear Tree. IdnUification. Dec. Fl. Fr., 631., in a note ; Prod., 2. p. 634. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 622. Synonyme, Poirler Sauger D'Ourch in BibL Phus. Econ. Mai 1817 p. 299. Engravings. Bot. Reg., 1482. ; and our Jig. 763. Spec. Char., ^c. Branches thick. Buds tomentose. Leaves lanceolate, entire, tomentose all over when young ; when adult, glabrous on the upper surface. Fruit thick, long, fit for making perry. Wild and cultivated about Orleans, in France. (Dec. Prod.) Introduced by the Loudon Horti- cultural Society, in 1826; and, in our opinion, only a variety of the common wild pear. * 3. P. (c.) NIVALIS Lin.fil. The snowy-leaved Pear Tree. Identificalion. Lin. fil. Suppl., 253. ; Jac. Fl. Austr., t 107. i De& Prod., 2. p. 634. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 623. Engravings. Jacq. Fl. Austr., 1. 107. ; and ourJ?g. 764. Spec. Char., ^c. Leaves oval, entire, obtuse, white and silky beneath. Corymbs ter- minal. Fruit globose, very acid, except when ripe and beginning to decay, when it becomes very sweet. {Dec. Prod.) A native of the Alps of Austria, where it grows to the height of 10 or 12 feet. It was introduced into the Horticultural Society's Garden in 1826, or before ; and is already 1 5 ft. high, forming a very hand- some white-foliaged tree; though, as we think, decidedly only a variety, or race, of the common wild pear. 'i 4. P. (c.) sina'ica Thouin. 764. P. (c.) niTilis. The Mount Sinai Pear Tree. 76S. P. (c.) liniica, I den l!fi€aliim. Thouin Mem. Mus.. I. KO.t. 9. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p.6S4. ; Don's Mill., 2. p 622. EE 3 422 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BKITANNICUM. Synonymes. P. SinM Self. A'rb. 2. p. 144., N. Du Ham. 6. t. 67. ; P. p6rsica Pers. Syn. 2. p. 40. ; the Mount Sinai Medlur. _ „ . , ,„ ,. , ^ • a _u Engravings. Mem. Mus., I. t. 9. i N. Du Ham., 6. t. 57. i Dend. Brit, t. 49. ; the plate m Arb. Bi'it., 1st edit., vol. vi . ; and our.^. 765. Sjiec. Char., ^c. Very much branched, and spreading. Buds whitishly pu- bescent. Leaves ovate-oblong, subacute, very minutely crenated ; whitishly pubescent beneath, above glabrous and almost shining ; falling ofF late. {Dec. Prod.) A native of Mount Sinai, whence it was brought to the Pans Garden early in the present century, and introduced into England in 1820. It so closely resembles the preceding sort, as hardly to be distinguishable from it ; and we have no doubt that seeds of either, if sown to a consider- able extent, would produce plants of these and several other kinds. S 5. P. (o.) mlicifo'lia L. The Willow-leaved Pear Tree. Identification. Lin. Suppl., 25.5. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 636. ; Don's Mill., 2. P. G22. , ^ „ ■< Synovymcs. P. disagnirblia PaU. ; P. orientUis Horn. Suppt. 52. ; P. (C.) elieagnifolia Ari. B, tl. 1st edit. p. 889. , „ , ^ »c« Engravings. PaU. Itin., 3. p. 374. t. N. f.3, j Fl. Ros., 1. 1. 9.! and our J!g. 766. Spec. Char., S^c. Buds whitely tomentose. Leaves linear-lanceolate, acute, entire, hoary, particularly upon the under sur- face. The disk three times as long as the petiole. Flowers upon short pedicels, disposed in corymbs, a few in a corymb. {Dec. Prod.) A native of Siberia, com- mon in the deserts between the rivers Cuma and Terec ; and found, also, on Caucasus, and in Persia, generally ac- companied by C. Oxyacantha and Prunus spinosa. It was introduced into England in 1780; and forms a very distinct va- riety ; attaining the height of 20 or 25 feet. There are fine trees of this sort, 20 ft. high, at White Knights. 766. p. (c.),a;iciti,iia. t 6. P. (c.) ^mvgdalifo'rmis Vil. The Almond-shaped Pear Tree. Identification. Vill. Cat. Strasb., 322. ; Dec. Suppl., 631. ; Dec. Prod.. 2. p 634. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 622. Synonymes. P. syWestris Magnol. Bot. 215. ; P. jaliclRilia Lois. Not. 79. Engraving. 0\xr fig. 767. Spec. Char., Sfc. Spiny. Buds tomentose. Leaves oblong, acute, entire ; tomentose all over when young ; when adult, glabrous on the upper siu'face. The disk six times longer than the petiole. Flowers in co- rymbs. {Dec. Prod.) Wild in rough places in France, ii) Provence, Dauphiny, and Languedoc; and very closely resembling the preceding sorts. It was intro- duced in 1810 ; and the finest plant that we know of it, in the neighbourhood of London, is at Kenwood ; where it is 22 ft. high, with a very irregular picturesque head, and many of the side branches sweeping the ground. In May, it is completely covered with white blossoms, and in autumn with small green fruit, which drop off with the first severe frost. ¥ 7. P. sine'nsis Lindl. The Chinese Pear Tree. Identification. Lindl. Hort. Trans., 6. p. 396. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 622. Synonymes. Pfrus commilnis Lois. Cochin, p. 321. ; P. sinica Itoyle lllustr. p. 207. ; Ri vulgo Nas, Japanese, Koiinpf. Amcen. fasc. 804. ; the Sandy Pear, Snow Pear, Sand Pear ; Sha Lee, Chinese. Engravings. Bot. Reg., t. 1148. ; the plate in Aru. Brit., 1st edit., vol. vi. ; and our fig. 768. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves cordate, apiculated, shining, serrated, and when young, pubescent beneath. Peduncles corymbose. Calyx glabrous inside. Fruit warted and bony. {Don's Mill.) A deciduous tree of the middle size. 767. P. (c.) anijgdaliiynius XXVI. flosA^cE^ffi;: py^rus. 42a China and Cochin China. Height IS ft. to 20 ft. Introduced in 1820. Flowers white, slightly tinted with pink. Fruit large, edible, yellowish green when ripe ; rarely seen in England. Differs from the common pear in having longer and greener branches, and larger, more lucid, and almost evergreen leaves ; insipid, roundish, warted, very gritty fruit ; and a calyx, the inside of which is destitute of the down that is found on all the varieties of the European pear. The fruit is perfectly hardy, and it is ornamental ; but it is worthless as a fruit tree, It vegetates very early in spring ; when it is easily recognised by the deep rich brown of its young leaves and shoots. S 8. P. BOLLWYLLERIA^A Dec. The BoUwyller Pear Tree. p. boUwylleri&iu. B E 4 424 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM liRITANNICUM. Identification. Dec. Fl. Fr. Suppl., p. 630. ; Prod., 2. p. 634. ; N. Du Ham., 6. p. 191.; Don's Mill., Synonymes. P. boUwylleriana J. Bauh. Hist. 1. p. 69. ic. ; P. Pollvtrja Lin. Mant. 234. j P. au- ricuiaris Kmop Pomol. 2. p. 38. t. 4., according to Reichenbacli. „ . t ^ v -kt n . Engravings. J. Bauh. Kist., ic. j Knoop Pomol., 2. p. 38. t. 4., according to Reiclienbach ; ]N. i)u Ham., 6. t. 68. ; the plate of this species in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. vi. ; and our lig. 7b». Spec. Char., Sfc. Buds downy. Leaves ovate, coarsely serrated, tomentose beneath. Flowers many in'a corymb. Fruit top-shaped, small, yellowish within. {Dec. Prod.) A deciduous tree of the middle size, with but few ascending thick coarse branches. France, at BoUwyller on the Rhine, in hedges, but rare ; possibly a hybrid between the pear and apple. Height 10 ft. to 20 ft. Introduced In 1786. Flowers white ; April and May. Fruit greenish brown ; ripe in September. A very distinct variety, with large rough leaves, having somewhat the ap- pearance of those of the apple. The fruit is turbinate, siaall, orange yellow, and unfit to eat. The tree produces fewer branches than any other species or variety of pear; and these branches are upright, thick, and rigid. t 9. P. VARIOLO^SA Wall. The ywiahXe-leaved Pear Tree. UentiJUation. Wall. Cat. 680. ; Don's IVIill., 2. p. 622. Synonyms. P. Pdshia Ham. ex Herb. Lin. Soc. Engravings. The plate in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. yi. : and our fig. 770. 770. P. Tarlol6sa. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves ovate, acuminated, crenated, glabrous in the adult state, on long petioles ; when young, clothed with yellowish tomentura beneath. Umbels terminal. Pedicels and calyxes woolly. {Doris Mill.) A deciduous tree. Nepal and Kamaon. Height, in its native country, 40 ft. to 50 ft. ; in England 10 ft. to 13 ft. Introduced in 1823. Flowers white, slightly tinged with pink ; April and May. Fruit pear-shaped ; ripe in Oc- tober, and remaining on the tree in the climate of London all the winter ; eatable, like that of the medlar, in a state of incipient decay. In the open air, in mild winters, this species is sub-evergreen ; and, against a wall, in the Horticultural Society's Garden, it is completely so. It forms a very handsome tree, but is rather tender, having been killed to within a few feet of the ground, in several places in the neighbourhood of London, by the winter XXVI. flOSA^CEJ. : PY^RUS. 425 of 1837-8. It has ripened fruit in the Fulham Nursery, which is brown when ripe, and which, according to Dr. Royle, is not eatable until it is somewhat decayed. The veins of the leaves, and the entire plant, are tinged with reddish brown. The young seedlings of this species, and also the root shoots from plants cut down, have the leaves cut like a Cratse^gus or iSorbus. t 10. P. MiCHAu'xzj Bosc. Michaux's Pear Tree. Identification. Bosc in Poir Suppl., 4. p. 432. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 6'23. Engraving, Qnxfig, 771. from a specimen in Dr. Hoolter's herbarium. Spec. Char., S^c. Leaves oval, quite entire, acutish, glabrous on both surfaces, and shining above. Peduncles usually twin, when bearing the fruit thick and woody. Fruit globose. (Don's Mitt.) A deciduous tree. North America. Height 15 ft. to 20 ft. Introduced in 1837. Flowers ?. There are plants of this species in the Hort. Soc. Garden, and in some of the London nur- series ; but they are too small to enable us to form any judgement as to the kind of tree which they will ultimately form. t U. P. i'ndica Co&Jr. The Indian Pear Tree. Jdentificatian. Colebr. Wall. PI. Rar. Asiat., 2. 1. 172. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 622. Engravings. Wall. PI. Rar. Asiat., 2 1 172. ; and our^. 772. I^ec. Char., Sfc. Leaves ovate, or ovate-cordate, acute, serrulated, glabrous, white beneath, as well as the petioles and calyxes ; in the young plants lobed. Claws of the petals shorter than the calyx. Umbels sessile, few-flowered. Styles villous at the base. {Don's Mill.) A d jciduous tree. Bengal, on the mountains of Sylhet. Height 15 ft. to 20 ft. Introd. ?. Flowers white ; May. Fruit about the size of a wild pear; ripe in October. § ii. M.dlus, Sect. Char. Petals spreading, flat. Styles 5, more or less strictly connate at the base. Pome mostly globose, depressed, and invariably having a conca- vity at its base. Flowers in corymbs. Leaves simple, not glanded. (Dec. Prod.) — This section includes' all the apples and crabs. S 12. P. Ma'i.vs L. The common, or wild, Apple Tree. Identification. Lin. Sp., 686. ; Smith's Eng. Flora, 2. p. 362. ; Lindl. Synop., 2d edit., p. 105. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 63.5. i Don's Mill., 2. p. 623. Synonymes, F. M^lus mltis Wallr. Sched. p. 21.'>. ; MS\{i& commClnis Bee. Ft. Fr. ; Pommier com- mun, Fr. ; gemeine Apfelbaum, Ger. ; Pero Melo, and Melo Porno, Ital. Engravings. £ng. Bot., 1. 179. ; the plate in Arb. Brit., Ist edit., vol. vi. ; and our^. 773. Spec. Char., ^c. Leaves ovate, acute, crenated, woolly on the under surface. Flowers in corymbs. Tube of calyx woolly. . Styles glabrous. (Dec. Prod.) A .deciduous tree, Europe in woods and wastes ; frequent in hedges. Height 20 ft. to 30 ft., sometimes 50 ft. In cultivation as a fruit tree from time immemorial. Flowers white, tinged with pink ; May. Fruit red and yellow ; ripe in October. Decaying leaves brownish. Cultivated in gardens, it is wholly, or conjointly with other species or races, the parent of innumerable varieties, termed. 773. P. flftlM. 426 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. generally, in England, cultivated apple trees; and in France, pommiers doux, or pommiers a couteau. We adopt the specific name JMklas, to indicate what may be called the normal form, for the sake of convenience; though many of the cultivated varieties are derived not only from the wild apple, or crab, of Europe, but from the crabs of Siberia. We shall designate these crabs as varieties of P. Mains, and afterwards make a selection from the cultivated sorts, of such as we think suitable for being planted for their timber, or as ornamental trees. ¥ 13. P. (71/.) ace'rba Dec. The sour-fruited Apple Tree, or common Crab. Jdeniification. Dec. Prod., 2. p. 636. ; Don'i Mill., 2. p. 623. 774. P. (If.) ac6rto. Synonuma. Pyrus MkXas aust&ra WaUr. Sched. 215.; AfMus acerta Mersl Fl. P<"'-\f ■• „^''t Suppl. 630. ; U. coramilnis sylvestris Desf. ; P. Millus syWestris Fl. Dan t. 1101. ; P. JMalus Smitlt Eng. Bot. t. 179. ; Pommier sauvageon, Fr. ; Holzapfelbaum, Ger.; Melo salvatico, Itai. Engravings. FL Dan., t. UOl. ; the plate in Arb. Brit., Ist edit., voL ?i. ; and ourj!^. 774. Spec. Char., S^c. Leaves ovate, acute, crenated, glabrous even when young. Flowers in corymbs. Tube of the calyx glabrous. (Dec. Prod.) A native of woods and way sides in Europe. This form, ac- coi'ding to DeCandoUe, yields many sub- varieties with sour fruit, called, in Britain, cider apples ; and in France, generally, pom- miers a cidre. 3? 14. P.(M.) PBUNiFo^LiA W. The Plum- tree-leaved Apple Tree, or Siberian Crab. Jdentiflcation. Willd. Sp., 2. p. 1018. ; Dec. Prod., 5. p. 635.; Don's Mill., 2. p. 646. Synomjmes. P. Milas ^ Ail. Hort. Kew. 2. p. 175.; ?Milus bjbrida Desf. Arb. 2. p. 141. Engravings. Mill. Ic, t. 269. ; and our fig. 776. Spec. Char., ^c. Leaves ovate, acuminated, serrated, glabrous. Peduncles pubescent. Tube of calyx glabrous. Styles woolly at 77s. i>.(«.)p.uniM. XXVI. bosa'ceje : FY RUS. 427 the base ; and, as appears from Mill. Ic, t. 269., with the styles twice as long as the stamens, and the fruit subglobose, yellowish, and austere. (JDec, Prod.) A native of Siberia; introduced in 1738. According to Mr. Knight, some of the finest varieties raised by him are from cultivated apples fecundated with the blossoms of this tree. The progeny, he found, formed more hardy trees than any other kinds, and produced earlier and more highly flavoured fruit. t 15. P. {M.) BACCATA L. The heny-ljke-fndted Apple Tree, or Siberian Crab. Jdentificalion. Lin. Mant., 75. ; Ainm. Ruth., t. 31. ; Pall. FL Ross., 1. 10. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 635. Don's Mill., 2. p. 646. Synonyms. Af^ius baccilta Be^. Arb. 2. p. 141. jLTtffrrtvings. Amm. Ruth., t. 31. ; Fall. Fl. Ross., t. 10. ; the plate in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. vi. ; and our^. 776. 776. (P. M.jbacckta. Spec. Char., Sfc. Disks of leaves ovate, acute, equally serrated, glabrous, the length of the petiole. Flowers grouped. Sepals deciduous. {Dec. Prod.) A native of Siberia and Dahuria, and only differing from the preceding sort, of which it is, doubtless, a subvariety, in not having a persistent calyx. 2 16. P. (M.) Dioi'cA W. The dioEcious-*-(?ired Apple Tree. Identificalim. Willd. Arb., 263. ; Spec. 6., p. 1018. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 63.5. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 646. Synonymes, P. ap6tala Munch. Hausv, 5. p. 247., on the authority of Willdenow ; J)/ilus dioica Audtb. Cat. Engraving. OuTjlg. 2088. in p. 1106. Spec. Char., SfC. Leaves oval, serrated, tomentose beneath. Flowers, in many instances, solitary. Sexes dioecious, by defect. Calyx tomentose. Petals linear, the length of the sepals. Styles glabrous. (Dec. Prod.) Not differ- ing in external appearance from a crab or apple tree. Horticultural Society's Garden. t 17. P. (M.) astraca'nica Dec. The Astrachan Apple Tree. Identification. Dec. Prod., 2. p. 636. j Don's Mill. 2., p. 646. Synonymes, Mklas astracanica Bum. Cows, ed. 2. 6. p. 426. ; Transparent de Moscovie ; Glace do Zelande ; the transparent Crab of Knglish nurseries. Engrailing. OarJ^. 2089 in p. 1106. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves oval-oblong, acute, partially doubly serrated ; pale 428 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. beneath, and the nerves there villose ; above glabrous, except being sh'ghtly downy on the midrib. A native of the country around Astrachan, on the testimony of gardeners. {Dec. Prod.} A very ornamental tree, from the beauty of its fruit, which it produces freely, and which is also good to eat. Varieties of p. Malus cultivated for their Fruit. From the above forms, we think it may safely be presumed, that all the apples cultivated for the dessert or the kitchen have been obtained, either by selection from seedlings, or by cross-fecundation ; and that no other wild sort has been used, unless, perhaps, we except Pyrus coronaria ; which, however, we have never heard of as being employed In cross-fecundation. These garden, or cultivated, varieties, as will hereafter appear, are very numerous ; but the following .selection of sorts, which are handsome-growing trees, or have fruit of a particular character, has been made for us by Mr. Thompson, of the Horticultural Society's Garden, from the collection under his care : — T/ie Red Astrachan. The tree is middle-sized, with a branchy head ; the fruit is of a bright red, with a fine bloom like that of a plum. This is one form of the sort which DeCandoUe has designated as P. astracanica : our No. 1 9. TVje White Astrachan, or transparent Crab of Moscow. The tree resembles the preceding sort, but has the branches tending upwards when young, and afterwards becoming pendulous. The fruit is of a wax colour, with a fine bloom on it, and is almost transparent. This is another form of P. (iW.) astracanica. It is known in Enghsh nurseries under the name of the trans- parent crab. The Black Crab is a tree of the middle size, with very dark small fruit of no value as such. The Court pendu plat is a remarkably dwarf-growing tree, and so late in flower- ing, that the leaves are expanded before, or at the same time as, the flowers ; and, consequently, the latter are seldom, if ever, injured by frost : for which reason, it is commonly called by gardeners the wise apple. Grafted on the French paradise stock, the tree may be kept of a size not larger than that of a gooseberry bush ; in which state it will bear fruit in abundance and of good flavour. The Lincolnshire Holland Pippin is remarkable for the large size of its blossoms. Its fruit keeps till February. The Tulip Apple is a great bearer of fruit which is of a very bright red. The Violet Apple has fruit of a violet colour, covered with a bloom like that of the plum. The Cherry Crab, or Cheery Apple, is a subvariety of P. (M.) baccata. The tree is spreading, with drooping branches ; and the fruit is numerous, and about the size and colour of a large cherry. The Supreme Crab has fruit rather larger than the preceding sort. The tree is of robust growth, and the branches are somewhat erect. JBigg's Everlasting Crab was raised in the Cambridge Botanic Garden, by Mr. Biggs, the curator, from seeds received from Siberia in 1814. It is a vi- gorous-growing tree, with pendulous branches and abundance of fruit which, in form and character, are intermediate between P. (M.) ^jrunifoUa and P. (M.) baccata, and which remain on the trees long after Christmas. In sheltered situations, and mild winters, this tree appears almost a sub- evergreen. The apple tree, whether in a wild state or cultivated, is by no means so handsome in form as the pear tree, though its blossoms are much more orna- mental, and are, besides, fragrant. It seldom grows above half the height of the pear tree ; the oldest apple trees known in Europe not being above 30 or 35 feet in height. The trunk is generally crooked, and the branches rambling horizontally when young, and when old becoming pendulous. The diameter of the head is also often greater than the height of the tree. The apple tree is much more liable to the canker, and other diseases, than the pear tree. The wood of the apple tree, in a wild state, is fine-grained, hard, and of a brownish XXVI. BOSA^CE^: PY^RUS. 429 colour ; and that of the cultivated apple tree is said to be of a still finer and closer grain, which is a result of cultivation contrary to what is usual. The weight of the wood of the apple tree varies much according to the locality in which it is grown. In a green state, it weighs from 48 lb. to 66 lb. per cubic foot ; and it loses from an eighth to a twelfth of its bulk in drying, and about a tenth of its weight. The wood of the cultivated tree weighs heavier than that of the wild tree, in the proportion of about 66 to 43. The tree, as an object in landscipe scenery, cannot be recommended as harmonising well with other forms ; but, as it has a character of its own, and as the fruit is of the greatest use te the poor, as well as to the rich, it deserves introduction into every hedgerow and every orchard. For hedgerows, it is more especially desirable, as, though not so fastiaiate as the pear, it does very little injury to the crops by its shade ; and it may be added, that, in nurseries and niarlcet-gardens, the former more especially, young trees of almost every kind thrive under the shade both of the ap|)le and the pear. The crab is used as a stock for the cul- tivated apple, and for all the other species and varieties of this division of the genus ; but, as we have before observed, it will not serve as a stock for the pear, or any of the plants included in that or the other divisions of Pyrus. In France, and also in some parts of Germany, the thorny wild apple, or crab, is formed into live hedges, the branches of which, according to Agricola, are inarched into each other, in order to give them more strength to resist cattle. The fruit of the crab, in the forests of France, is a great resource for the wild boar; and it is also given in that country to swine and cows. A drink of it, called boisson, is made in some parts of France, as well as in England ; and veijuice is a well-known description of vinegar produced from the most austere of the fruit. The bark affords a yellow dye ; and the leaves are eaten by horses, cows, sheep, and goats. Pomatum, according to Gerard, was so called from its being anciently made of the pulp of apples beaten up with " swine's grease" (lard) and rose-water. The uses of the apple as an eatable fruit are very numerous, and well known. The apple, as a fruit tree, will do no good, except in a fertile soil and a sheltered situation. All the best apple orchards of England, and more especially those of the cider districts, it has been observed by geologists, follow the tract of red sandstone, v/hich stretches across the island from Dorsetshire to Yorkshire. It has been observed in Ireland (see Dublin Soc. Trans.), that the best orchards there are on lime- stone gravel ; and, in Scotland, that the few orchards which are to be found in that country are on soils more or less calcareous. On the Continent, the two districts most famous for apple trees are Normandy and the Vale of Stuttgard ; and the subsoil, in both countries, is well known to be limestone. In short, every kind of fruit, to be brought to perfection, requires a soil more or less calcareous. The propagation and culture of the apple are the same as those of the pear tree. Wild crabs, like wild pears, are gathered when they are fully ripe, and either laid in a heap to rot, or passed between fluted rollers, and the crushed fruit pressed for the juice, which is made into an inferior kind of cider or perry, and the seeds are afterwards separated from the pomace by macer- ation in water and sifting. The apple, like the pear, may be grafted on the common thorn ; but it does not form nearly so desirable a tree on that stock as the pear does, and therefore crab stocks are always to be preferred. As a fruit tree, where it is intended to be grown as a dwarf, the paradise stock effects for it what the quince does for the pear, and the Cerasus Mahdleb for the cherry. (See Encyc. of Gard., edit. 1833.) 2 i. 18. P. CORONA ^RiA L. The ^vXaaA-flowering Apple Tree. Identification. Lin. Sp., 687.; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 635. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 647. Syjionymes. MS\\m coroniria Mill. ; Crab Apple, the sweet-scented Crab, Amer. EnaravingB. N. Du Ham., 6. pi. 44. f. I. ; Bot. Mag., t. 2009. ; Michx. Arb., 2. t. 65. ; the plate in Arb. Bnt., 1st edit., vol. vi. ; and o\}.vfig. 777. Spec. Char., S^c. Leaves broadly ovate, rounded at the base, subangulate, serrated, smooth. Peduncles in corymbs, glabrous. Flowers odorous, 430 ARBORETUM ET FKUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. 777. P. ooKairia. white, becoming purple before they drop off. The fruit is flatly orbiculate, of a deep green when it falls from the tree, and becoming yellow after lying some time on the ground. {Dec, Prod.) A deciduous or sub-evergreen tre:-. North America, from Pennsylvania to Carolina, and more especially abundant in the back parts of Pennsylvania and Virginia. Height 13 ft. to 18 ft., with a trunk 5 or 6 inches in diameter ; sometimes 23 ft. high. Introduced in 1724. Flowers white, tinged with pink, violet-scented ; May. Fruit green, in no state fit to eat ; ripe in October. Decaying leaves green, violet- scented, dropping off by the first severe frost ; but in mild winters remain- ing on till spring. In British gardens, the leaves and the fruit are retained much longer on the tree than is the case with the European crab ; so much so, that in very mild seasons, and sheltered situations, it might be almost considered sub-evergreen. The deep green and flat round form of the fruit, and the lobed and veined character of the leaves, render this sort of iWalus easily distinguished from every other ; and this distinctiveness of character, and the fragrance of the blossoms, together with the lateness of their appearance (which is in the end of May), render it a most desirable tree in every shrubbery, however small. t t 19. P. (c.) ANGUSTiFoYiA Jif. The narrow-leaved Apple Tree. Identificalion. Ait. Hort. Kew., 2. p. 276. ; Fursh Fl. Amer. Sept., 1. 24. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 636. j Don's Mill., 2. p. 647. St/nonymes. P. coronaria Wang. Amer. 61. t. 21. f. 47., upon the authority of Willdenow, and Wats. in Dend. Brit. ; J/Alus sempervirens Desf. Arb. 2. p. 141. ; P. pilmila Hort. Engravings. Wang. Amer., 61. t. 21. f. 47. ; N. Du Ham., 6. t. 43. t. 1. ; Wats. Dend., 1. 132. ; Bot. Keg., t. 1207. ; the plate in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., tol. vi. ; and our^g. 778. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves glossy, lanceolate-oblong, dentately serrated, tapered and entire at the base. Flowers in corymbs. {Dec. Prod.) A deciduous tree, sometimes sub-evergreen. Cai'olina, in woods. Height 13 ft. to 20 ft. Introduced in 1730. Flowers pale blush ; May or June. Fruit green ; ripe in October. Differs from the preceding sort in having the leaves narrower and the fruit much smaller, in being more decidedly sub-evergreen, and in having XXVI. BOSACEjE: py'rus. 431 778. P. (c.) aoguEtii&Ua. lead-coloured speckled branches. Notwithstanding all these points of dif- ference, however, it bears such a general resemblance to P. coronaria, that we cannot doubt its being only a variety of it. The fruit is intensely acid, like that of P. coronaria ; but it is much narrower and smaller. '* 20. P. specta'bilis Ait. The sho-wy-flowering wild Apple Tree, Chinese Crab Tree, Identffication, Mill., 2. p. 646. Ait. Hort. Kew., 2. p. 175. j Curt. Bot. Mag., t. 267. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 635. ; Don's . 2 p. 646. Syrumtfmes. Afilus spectabilis Desf. Arb. 2. p. 141., N. Du Ham. 6. p. 141. ; Jf^lus sinensis Ditm. Cmrs. ed. 2. ,1. p. 429. Engravings, Bot. Mag., t. 267. ; N. Du Ham., 6. t. 42. f. 2. ; the plate of the species in Arb. Brit, 1st edit., vol. vi. ; and OMrJig. 779. Spec. Char., 8;c. Leaves oval-oblong, serrated, smooth. Flowers in sessile umbels, many in an umbel ; large, and very elegant ; at first of an intense rose-colour, but afterwards of a pale one. Tube of calyx smooth. Petals ovate, clawed. Styles woolly at the base. (Dec. Prod.) A deciduous tree, thickly crowded with upright branches, which at length become spread- ing. China. Height 20 ft. to 30 ft. Introduced in 1780. Flowers pink, large, showy ; Apnl and May. Fruit greenish yellow, and unfit to eat till it is in a state of incipient decay. This is by far the most showy of all the different speaes of Pjras, both of this and of the other sections. The flowers are semidouble, and of a pale rose-colour ; but before they are expanded, the flower buds, which are large, appear of a deep red. In this state the tree is extremely beautiful. The stamens and pistUs are much more numerous than in the other species ; the former sometimes exceeding 40, and the latter 20. The fruit is small, irregu- larly round, angulai', and about the size of a cherry : it is of a yellow colour when ripe, but is without flavour, and is only fit to eat when in a state of incipient decay ; at which period it takes the colour and taste of the medlar. No garden, whether large or small, ought to be without this tree. 4}2 AKBOllETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. 779. P. spectabllis. Species of which there are only very young Plants in British Gardens. P. Siever^i Led. Fl. Alt. 2. p. 222., Don's Mill. 2. p. 647. ; P. nov. sp. Sievers in Pall. Nord. Beitr. 7. p. 292. ; is a bush, with many stems rising fi-oin the same root ; with ovate leaves, rather tomentose ; and umbellate flowers, suc- ceeded by very acid fruit. A native of Siberia. P. ? Schottji Ledeb. — Plants in the Hort. Soc. Garden. P. stipuldcea Hort. — Plants in the Hort. Soc. Garden, raised from seede received from the Himalayas. § iii. A^ria Dec. Sect. Char., S^c. Petals spreading, flat. Styles mostly 2 — 3. Pome globose. Flowers in racemose corymbs ; the peduncles branched. Leaves simple, not glanded, whitely tomentose beneath. {Dec. Prod., ii. p. 635.) — Decidu- ous trees, natives of different parts of Europe, and of Asia ; chiefly found on dry, calcareous, or clayey soils, and varying much under cultivation. The species and varieties are in a state of great confusion. t 21. P. A'ria Ekrh. The White Beam Tree. Identification. Ehrh. Beitr., 4. p. 20. j Dec. Prod., 2. p. 636. j Don's Mill,, 2. p. 647. Synonymes. Cratffi'gus ^'ria var. » Lin. Sp. 681.; itf&spilus A^na.Siop.-^ S'6rbus A^ria Crantz Austr. 1. t. 2. f. 2., Bauh. Hist. 1. p. 65. ; jf ria TlieophrSsti L'Obel ; white wild Pear, white Leaf Tree, red Chess-Apple, Sea Ouler, Cumberland Hawthorn, Gerard\ Alisier Allouchier, Alisier blanc, Fr. ; Mehlbeerbaum, or Mehlbaura, Ger. ; Aria, or Sorba montana, Ital. ; Mostaco, Span. ; Axelbeer, Dan. ; Oxjlbeer, Swed. Derivation. j4 Via, the n-ime given to this tree by Theophrastus, is probably from the name of that country in Asia The White Beam Tree is a pleonasm, beam being tlie Saxon word for tree. The word Allouchier is from allouchion, the cog of a wheel, the wood of the tree being much used for that purpose in France. Mehlbaura is literally the meal tree, from the mealy appearance of the under side of the leaves. Engravinss. Cranti Austr., 1. 1. 2. f. 2. ; Eng. Bot., t. 1868. ; Fl. Dan., t: 302. Spec. Char., Src Leaves ovate, doubly serrated, tomentose beneath, with ap- pressed white tomentura. Corymbs flat. (Dec. Prod.') A deciduous tree XXVI. iJOSA^CE^ : PY^RUS. 433 Varieties. If P. A. 1 obtndfoUa Dec. Prod. ii. p. 636., and Fl. Dan. t. 302. ; P. A ovalis Hort. — Leaves broadly ovate, and obtuse. If P. A. 2 acutifolia Dec. Prod. 1. c. Cratae'gus longifolia jV. Du Ham. 4. t. 3-1. ; ? Pyrus alpina WUld. Enum. 527. — The leaves are ovate- oblong and acute. t P. A. 3 undulata Lindl. Hort. Trans, vii. p. 234., and the plate in Arb. Brit. 1st edit. vol. vi., and our^g. 780., has the leaves flat, ovaU 780. P. A^iii imtlulkta. lanceolate, broad, undulated, unequally and deeply serrated, acumi- nated, and cobwebbed above. t P. A. i angustifolia Lindl. 1. c, P. A. longifolia Hort., has the leaves oval, obtuse, concave, somewhat simply serrated, woolly above. ¥ P. A. 5 rugosa Lindl. 1. c. — Leaves large, ovate-elliptic, doubly ser- rated, shining above and wrinkled, white beneath. 1 P. A. 6 cretica Lindl. 1. c. P. A. rotundifolia Hort. ; P. graeVa Hort. ; P. A. edulis Hort.; C'ratse^gus grae^ca Hort. — Leaves flat, orbicu- larly elliptic, crenately serrated, retuse, cuneated at the base ; smooth above, and hoary beneath. Branches cobwebbed. S P. A. 7 bulldta Lindl. Hort. Trans, vii. p. 234., P. A. acuminata Hort., has the leaves concave, elliptic, acuminated. Mistered ; closely serrated at the apex, but entire at the base. The rate of growth, when the tree is young and in a good soil, is from 18 in. to 2 ft. a year : after it has attained the height of 15 or 20 feet it grows much slower ; and, at the age of twenty or thirty years, it grows very slowly ; but is a tree of great duration. The roots descend very deep, and spread very wide ; and the head of the tree is less affected by prevailing winds than almost any other. In the most exposed situations, on the Highland mountains, this tree is seldom seen above 10 or 15 feet high; but it is always stiff" and erect. F F 434 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM ERITANNICUM. In Britain it is later in coming into leaf than any other indigenous tree, except the ash. It bears lopping, and permits the grass to grow under it. The wood is very hard, of a fine close grain, yellowish white, and susceptible of a high polish. In a green state, it has a strong smell, which it retains, in a slight degree, even after it is dried. It weighs, in that state, 55 lb. 6 oz. per cubic foot. It may be stained of any colour, and is much used in' the smaller manufactures, such as making handles to knives and forks, wooden spoons, &c. ; and for musical instruments, and various turnery articles. It was uni- versally employed as cogs for wheels till cast iron became generally substituted for it. The leaves are eaten both by goats and sheep. The fruit is acid and astringent ; but it is not disagreeable to eat, when it is in a state of incipient decay. Dried, and reduced to powder, it has been formed into a sort of bread, which has been eaten, both in France and Sweden, in years of great scarcity. Fermented, the fruit affords a beer ; or, by distillation, a powerful spirit. It is greedily eaten by small birds ; on which account the trees are ordered to be preserved in the French forests, that the number of birds may be increased, in order to keep down the insects. The fruit is also the food of squirrels; and, when it drops, of the wild boar, the deer, the hedgehog, &c. As an ornamental tree, the white beam has some valuable properties. It is of a moderate size, and of a definite shape ; and in summer, when clothed with leaves, it forms a compact green mass, till it is ruffled by the wind, when it suddenly assumes a mealy whiteness. In the winter season, the tree is at- tractive from its smooth branches, and its large green buds. When the tree is covered with its fruit, it is exceedingly ornamental. Among the different va- rieties enumerated, P. A. cretica is by far the most distinct: but all of them are well deserving of cultivation. A calcareous and dry soil is essential ; and the tree will not attain a timber size unless it is placed in an airy situation. The situation may be exposed to the highest and coldest winds that prevail in this country, and yet the tree will never fail to grow erect, and produce a regular head ; and, for this reason, no tree is better adapted for sheltering houses and gardens in very exposed situations. The species may be raised from seed, and the varieties be grafted on stocks of the species of the pear, of the Cratse^gus, and even of the quince and med- lar ; which trees, it is almost unnecessary to add, may be reciprocally grafted on the white beam tree. When plants are to be raised from seed, the seeds should be sown as soon as the fruit is ripe ; otherwise, if kept till spring, and then sown, they will not come up till the spring following. When it is incon- venient to sow them immediately after they are gathered, they may be mixed with soil, and treated like haws (see Pyrus aucuparia) ; and, if sown in the March following, they will come up the same season. ' The varieties may be propagated by cuttings, or by layering ; but they root by both modes, with great difficulty. Layers require to be made of the young wood, and to remain attached to the stool for two years. t 22. P. {A.) intbrme'dia EhrJi. The intermediate White Beam Tree. Identification. Ehrh. Beitr., 4. p. 20. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 636. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 647. Symnymes. Cratse'gus Xria (3 Lin. Sp. 681. ; C. scSndica Wahlenb. Ft. Ups. 165. ; C. suecica Ail. Hort. Kew. 167. ; Alisier de Fontainebleau, Fr. ; Schwedischer Mehlbaura, Ger. Spec. Char., ^c. Leaves ovate, incisely lobed, tomentose beneath, with white appressed tomentum. Corymbs flat. Fruit eatable. {Dec. Prod.) A de- ciduous tree. Europe, in France, Germany, and Sweden, and also in Wales and Scotland. Height 15 ft. to 20 ft. Flowers and fruit as in the preceding kind. Varieties. DeCandoUe has described the two following forms of this species : — t P. (A.) i. 1 latifdlia. Cratse^gus latifolia Pair. Diet. i. p. 44!4., Du Ham. Arb. 1. t. 80., N. Du Ham. 4. t. 35.; 56rbus latifolia Pers. ; Cratas^gus dentata Thuil. Fl. Par. — Leaves broadly ovate. A native of the woods of Fontainebleau. XXVI. bosa'cejE: py^rus. 435 t P. (A.) i. 3 angustifdUa. P. ediilis WUU. En. p. 527. (Wats. Dend. Brit., t. 52. ; and om Jig. 781.) — Leaves oblong, wedge-shaped at the base. These trees bear so close a resemblance to P. A'via, as to leave no doubt in our mind that they are only varieties and subvarieties of that species. They are found in a wild state in France, Germany, and Sweden ; and perhaps also in the Highlands of Scotland, where, according to Sir W. J. Hooker, P. A'na. varies in having the leaves more or less cut at the margin. They are all well deserving of cul- 781. P. {A.\ Intermedia anguBtifblia. t 23. P. vesti'ta WaU. The clothed White Beam Tree. Identification. Wall. Cat., 679. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 647. Syrwnymes. PJruB nepaltnsis Hon.; S6rbus vestlta Lodd. Cat. edit. 1836; JP. crenita D.Don Prod. Fl. Nep. p. 237., Bol. Reg. t. 1655. Engravings. Bot. Heg. 1. 1655. ; Arb. Brit., Ist edit., vol. vi. ; and our^s. 782, 783, and 784. 782. P. vestita. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves, cymes, and young branches, clothed with white tomentum. Leaves elliptic, or obovate-eUiptic, acuminated, serrated to- wards the apex. Corymbs branched and terminal. Flowers white. Fruit greenish brown. (Don's Mill.) A deciduous tree of the middle size. Nepal and Kamaon, at elevations of from 9,000 to 12.000 ft. Height 20 ft. to 30 ft. Introduced in 1820. Flowers white ; May and June. Fruit brown; ripe in October. Decaying leaves of a beautiful straw- coloured yellow or brown. F F 2 784. P. Teatlta, ;si. p.T»ata. 436 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. This tree is remarkable for the rapidity of its growth, its long broad leaves, and their woolly whiteness; and also for being one of the very latest trees, whether foreign or indigenous, in coming into leaf; being later than either the mulberry or ash. The leavfes are conspicuous, on their first expansion, for their whiteness, particularly underneath ; and in autumn, before they drop off, for their fine yellow colour. § iv. Torminaria Dec. Sect. Char., ^c. Petals spreading, flat, having short claws. Styles 2 — 5, connected, glabrous. Pome scarcely at all juicy, top-shaped at the base, truncate at the tip ; the sepals deciduous. Leaves angled with lobes ; in the adult state glabrous. Flowers in corymbs. The peduncles branched. {Dec. Prod., ii. p. 636.) — Trees of the same general character, in regard to habit and constitution, as P. A'ria.. ¥ 24. P. torminaYis Ehrh. The gTvprng-fruiied Service Tree. Identification. Ehrh. Beitr., 6. p. 92. j Dec. Prod., 2. p. 636. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 647. Synonyines. Cratffi'gus torminMJs Lin. Sp. 681., Smith Eng. Bot. t. 298., Ft. Dan.t.l^B., Jacq. Fl. Ausir. t. 443. ; .S6rbus torminalis Crantz Austr. p. 85. ; the Maple-leaved Service Tree ; All- sior de Bois, Fr. ; Elzbeerbaum, Ger. ; Ciavardello, or Mangiarello, Itat. Engravings. Jacq. Fl. Austr., t. 443. ; the plate in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. 7i. ; and onr fig. 785. .85. P. toirminfalis. Spec. Char., Src. Leaves cordate-ovate, feather-nerved, pinnatifidly lobed ; when young, slightly downy beneath ; when adult, glabrous ; the lobes acu- minate and serrated, the lowest divaricate. Seeds cartilaginous. (Dec. Prod.) A deciduous tree._ Britain in woods, and throughout the Middle and North of Europe, and Western Asia. Height 40 ft. to 50 ft. Flowers white ; May and June. Fruit red ; ripe in November. Decaying leaves yellowish brown. Naked young wood piu-plish, marked with white spots. The leaves, which are on long footstalks, are cut into many acute angles, like those of some species of maple. They are nearly 4 in. long, and 3 in! broad in the middle, bright green above, and slightly woolly underneath.' The flowers are produced in large bunches at the end of the branches; and they are succeeded by roundish compressed fruit, not unlike common haws but larger, and of a brown colour when ripe. The tree is of slow growth' and in this respect, and most others, it resembles P. A'ria ; but it is less hardy. The wood resembles that of P. A'ria, but is without its peculiarly strong smell. It weighs, when newly cut, 65 lb. to the cubic foot, and when XXVI. bosa^cEjE: Py'rus. 437 dried, 48 lb. 8 oz. It is employed for all the different purposes to which that of P. ^^ria is appUcable, and is considered rather preferable as fuel, and for charcoal. The fruit is brought to market both in England and France ; and, when in a state of incipient decay, it eats somewhat like that of a medlar. As an ornamental tree, its large green buds strongly recommend it in the winter time, as its fine large-lobed leaves do in the summer, and its large and numerous clusters of rich brown fruit do in autumn. It will grow in a soil not poorer, but more tenacious and moist, than what is suitable for P. A'Aa ; and it requires a sheltered situation. It seems more liable to the attacks of insects than that species, and does not thrive so well in the neighbourhood of London. It is propagated exactly in the same manner as P. A^na.. There being no varieties, it does not requii-e to be continued by grafting. t 25. P. EivuLA^Rls Dougl. The River-side Wild Service Tree. Identijkatitm. Douel. MS. Hook. Fl. Bor. Amer., 1. p. 203. ; Don's Mill, 2. p. 647. Synonyme. Pow-itcn, the name of the fruit in the language of the Chenook tribe of Indiana. Engravings. Hook. Fl. Bor. Amer., t 68. ; and our figs. 786. and 787. Spec. Char., S(C. Leaves ovate, entire, and angu- lar, somewhat 3-lobed, ra- ther acuminated, acutely serrated, pubescent be- neath. Corymbs terminal, simple. Calyces hairy, and densely tomentose inside. Styles 3 — 4, connected at the base. (Don's Mill.) A low deciduous tree. North-west coast of North America, at Nootka Sound, and other places. Height 15 ft. to 20 ft. Introduced in 1836. Flowers white ; April and May. Fruit small, subglobose, red or yellow ; ripe ?. The fruit is used as an article of food, and the wood is em.ployed for makmg wedges, and is so hard as to be susceptible of a fine polish. Horticultural Society's Garden. § V. Eriolohus Dec. Sect, Char. Petals spreading, flat, with short claws, and with about 3 teeth at the tip. Styles 5, long ; at the base very hairy, and somewhat connected. Pome globose, glabrous, crowned with the lobes of the calyx, which are tomentose upon both surfaces. Leaves palraately lobed, glabrous. Flowers upon un- branched pedicels, disposed in corymbs. {Dec. Prod., ii. p. 636.) * 26. P. triloba'ta Dec. The three- \ohei-lcaved Pear Tree. Identification. Dec. Prod., 2. p. 636.; Don's Mill., 2 p 648 Synxmt/me. Cratse'guB trilobata Labill. Dec. 4. p. 15. t.lO., Poir. Swpfl. 1. p. 291. .» -„„ Engravings. Labill. Dec., 4. t. 10. ; and a\a fig. 789. Spec. Char., ^c. Leaves glabrous, palmately ¥ ¥ S 736. P. rivulkris. 788. P. triiLJbau. 438 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. lobed ; the middle lobe 3-lobed ; the side lobes, in many instances, 2- lobed ; the secondary lobes serrated. (^Dec. Prod.) A deciduous tree. A native of Mount Lebanon ; growing to the height of 20 ft. ; said to have been introduced in 1810 ; but of which we have not seen a plant. § vi. Sorbus Dec. Sect. Char., S^c. Petals spreading, flat. Styles 2 — 5. Pome globose, or top- shaped. Leaves impari-pinnate, or pinnately cut. Flowers in branched corymbs. (i)ec. Prod.) — Trees growing to the height of from 20 ft. to 40 ft. or upwards. Natives of Europe, North America, and the Himalayas. For the most part very hardy, and of easy culture in common soil. ¥ 27. P. AUKrcuLA^TA Dec. The auricled Service Tree. Identification. Dec. Prod., 2. p. 636. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 618. Skiiwnymc, S6rbu3 auriculJita Fers. St/n. 2. p. 39. Engraving. Out fig. . in p. . Spec. Char., S^c. Leaves of 3 pairs of leaflets, and an odd one, hirsute be- neath ; 2 — 4 of the lowest leaflets distinct, the rest connate with the odd one into an ovate one, which is crenate. Corymb compact. {Dec. Prod.) A deciduous tree. Egypt. Height 20 ft. to 30 ft. Introduced in 1800. Flowers white ; May. Fruit ?. We have not seen this plant, which is, perhaps, only a variety of P. pin- natifida. S 28. P. pinnati'fida Ehrh. The pinnatifid-fenj)e(Z Service Tree. Identification. Ehrh. Beitr., 6. p. 93. ; Smith in Eng. Bot, t. 2331. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 636. Synonymes. 56rbus hjbrida Lin. Bee. 6. ; ;PJrus hjbrida Smith Ft. Brit., not of Willd. ; the Bastard Service Tree. Engravings. Eng. Bot., t. 2331. ; the plate in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. vi. ; and onr fig. 789. 789. p. pinnatjfida. Spec. Char., Src. Leaves pinnately cloven, or cut, or almost pinnate at the base. The petiole on the under side, and the peduncles, hoarily to'mentose. Pome globose, scarlet. {Dec. Prod.) A deciduous tree. Gothland, Thu- ringia, and Britain, on mountainous woody places. Height 20 ft. to 30 ft. Flowers white ; May and June. Fruit red ; ripe in September. Varieties. 1" P.p. ^lanuginosa hastheleaves more. woolly than those of the species. XXVI. BOSA^CEiE: PY^RUS. 439 ^ P.p, Spendtila, iSdrbus hybrida pendula Lodd, Cat.^ has the head looscj and the branches somewhat pendulous ; the fruit red. H. S. ^ P.ji?. 4 arh{i^cula Dec, Poir. Suppl, v. p. 144. — Dwai'f. Leaflets glabrous in a measure, obtuse ; the outermost usually connate. A native of Germany. Perhaps a vai'iety of P. aucuparia. {Dec. Prod.) P. pinnatlfida, according to DeCandolle, is a hybrid between P. inter- media and P. aucuparia. Culture as in P. AWa. It 29. P. AUCUPA^RiA Gcertn, The Fowler's Service Tree, or i(/oMK^«m^s/;. Identification. Gsrtn. Fruct., 2. p. 45. t. 87- ; Dec Prod., 2. p. 637. ; Don's Will., 2. p. 648. Spnonymes. 56rbus aucupSria Lin. Sp. 683. ; J/espilus aucuparia All. ; Quicken Tree, Quick Beam* wild Ash, wild Service, Wichen Tree, Rowan Tree, Rowne Tree, Roan Tree, Roddan, Routry Mountain Service, "Witchen, wild Sort), Whichen, Whitten, "Wiggen tree ; Sorbier des Oiseleurs, or Sorbier des Oiseaux, Fr. ; Vogel Beerbaum, Ger. ; Sorbo salvatico, Ital. Derivation. The Latin name, P. aucup&ria (the Fowler's Pjtus) ; the French names, Sorbier des Oiseleurs (the Bird-catcher's Service), and Sorbier des Oiseaux (the Bird Service) ; and the Ger- man name, Vogel Beerbaum (the Bird's Berry Tree) ; are all derived from the use made of the berries by bird-catchers, in all countries where the tree grows wild, and from time immemorial, to bait springes with. It is called the Mountain Ash, from its growing on mountains, and the pinnas of its leaves bearing some resemblance to those of the common ash. Witchen, and all its deriv- atives, bear relation to supposed powers of the tree, as a protection against witches and evil spirits. Er^avijigs. GEcrtn. Fruct., 2. t. 87. ; Eng. Bot, t. 337. ; the plate of this species in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. vi. ; and ourjffg. 790. 790. P. aucupkria. Spec. Char., SfC. Buds softly tomentose. Leaflets serrated, slightly glabrous. Pomes globose. (Jiec. Prod.) A low tree. A native of almost every part of Europe. Height 20 ft. to 30 ft. Flowers white ; May. Fruit red ; ripe in September. Vo/nsties t p. a. ifHictu luteo has yellow berries, and is continued by grafting. t P. «. 3/o& variegatk has variegated leaves. It P. a. 4:fastigidia has the branches upright and rigid. Horticultural Society's Garden. The mountain ash forms an erect-stemmed tree, with an orbicular head- When fully grown, like every other description of Pyrus, it assumes a some- what formal character ; but in a young state, its branches are disposed in a more loose and graceful manner. The tree grows rapidly for the first three or four years; attaining, in five years, the height of 8 or 9 feet; after which it F F 4 440 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. begins to form a head, and in ten years will attain the height of 20 ft. This head will continue increasing slowly, though the tree seldom grows much higher, for the greater part of a century ; after which, as it appears by the oldest trees that we have observed or heard of in Scotland, the extremities of the bi'anches begin to decay. The tree will not bear lopping, but grass and other plants grow well under its shade. The wood, when dry, weighs 511b. 12 oz. per cubic foot. It is homogeneous, fine-grained, hard, capable of being stained any colour, and of taking a high polish ; and it is applied to all the various uses of P. JVia and P. torminalis, when it can be obtained of adequate dimensions. In Britain, the tree forms excellent coppice wood, the shoots being well adapted for poles, and for making excellent hoops ; and the bark being in demand by tanners. As it will grow in the most exposed situations, and rapidly, when young, it forms an admirable nurse tree to the oak, and other slow-growing species ; and, being a tree of absolute habits ; that is, incapable of being drawn up above a certain height by culture, it has this great advantage, that, after having done its duty as a nurse, instead of growing up with the other trees, and choking them, it quietly submits to be over-topped, and destroyed by the shade and drip of those which it was planted to shelter and protect. It may be mentioned, as somewhat singular, that the alpine laburnum, though naturally a much lower tree than the moun- tain ash, will, when drawn up in woods, attain twice the height of the latter tree. The fruit of the mountain ash is greedily devoured by birds : and, in various parts of the North of Europe, these berries are dried and ground into flour, and used as a substitute for the flour made of wheat, in times of great scarcity. In Livonia, Sweden, and Kamtschatka, the berries of the moun- tain ash are eaten, when ripe, as fruit ; and a very good spirit is distilled from them. As an ornamental tree, the mountain ash is well adapted for small gardens ; and it is also deserving of a place in every plantation, where the harbouring of singing-birds is an object. In the grounds of suburban gardens in the neighbourhood of the metropolis, the mountain ash forms almost the only tree that makes a great display by means of its fruit ; for, though many species of Cratas''gus would be equally eflTective in this respect, they have not yet become sufficiently well known to the planters of such gardens. One great advan- tage of the mountain ash, in all gardens, is, that it never requires pruning, and never grows out of shape. The mountain ash will grow in any soil, and in the most exposed situations, as it is found on the sea shore, and on the tops of mountains, in Forfarshire, as high as 2500 ft. Plants are almost always raised from seed, which should be gathered as soon as it is ripe, to prevent its being eaten by ' birds, which are so fond of it as to attack it even before it is ripe. When gathered, the fruit should be macerated in water till the seeds are sepa- rated from the pulp, and they may be then sown immediately ; but, as they will, in that case, remain 18 months in the ground before coming up, the common mode adopted by nurserymen is, to mix the berries with light sandy soil, and spread them out in a layer of 10 in. or 1 ft. in thickness, in the rotting ground ; covering the layer with 2 or 3 inches of sand or ashes, and allowing them to remain in that state for a year. They are then separated from the soil by sifting, and sown in beds of light rich soil, being covered a quarter of an inch. The plants having large leaves, the seeds should not be dropped nearer toge- gether than 2 in., which will allow the plants to come up with sufficient strength. They may be sown any time from November to February, but not later : they will come up in the June following, and, by the end of the year, the strongest plants will be 18in. high, and fit to separate from the others, and to plant out in nursery lines. 2 30. P. AMERICANA Dec. The American Service. Identification. Dec. Prod., 2. p. 637. ; Hook. Fl. lior. Amcr., 1. p. 204. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 648. Synonymes. 5drbu3 americana l^h. FL Bar. Amer. 1. p. 341., Willd. Enum 520.; 5. americana var. j8 Michx. Fl. Amer. p. 290. ; P. canadensis Hart. Eagrnvings. Wats. Dend. Brit., t. 54. ; the plate of this species in Arb. Brit, 1st edit., vol. vi. • and our./ig. 7S1. XXVI. flOSA^CEiE: PY^RUS. 441 791. P. americhna. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaflets acute, almost equally serrated, glabrous, as is the petiole. Pomes globose, of a purplish tawny colour. (^Dec. Prod.} A tree, closely resembling the common mountain ash. Canada and New- foundland, in woods. Height 13 ft. to 20 ft. Introduced in 1782. Flowers white ; May. Fruit bright scarlet ; ripe in September. Decaying leaves yellowish green. Naked young wood dark purplish. It is, apparently, a more robust-growing tree than the European mountain ash, with larger leaves, shining above, and smooth beneath ; but, in reality, it is more tender. Though it has been many years in the country, we do not know of a large, old, handsome specimen of it any where. It is propagated by grafting on the common mountain ash. On account of the brilliant colour of the fruit, and the large size of the bunches in which it is produced, this species well deserves a place in collections. 3f 31. P. microca'rpa J)ec. The small-fruited Service. Identificatiim. Dec. Prod., 2 p. 636. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 648. Synonymes. 56rbus aucup^ria « Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer. 2. p. 291. p. 464. ; S. microcSrpa P/i. Fl. Amer. Sept, 1. p. 341. Our./Sg.2090. In p. 1107. S. micr^ntha Dum.Cours. ed. 2. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaflets glabrous, acuminate, unequally incisely serrated ; the teeth tipped with a bristle-like mucro. Petiole glabrous. Pome glo- bose, scarlet. {Dec. Prod.) A large shrub or low tree. North America, Carolina to New York. Height 10 ft. to 12 ft. Introduced ?. Flowers white ; May and June. Fruit scarlet, small ; ripe ?. According to Pursh, this species is very distinct from P. americ&na ; from 442 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. which it is distinguished by the young branches being covered with a shining dark brown gloss, and by having small scarlet berries. — We have never seen it. t 32. P. 5'o'rbus Gcertn. The True Service. Iderdificatton. Gsertn. Fnict.i 2. p. 45. t. 87. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 637. ST/nom/mes. 56rbus domestica £tn. Sp. 684, ; P^rus domfestica Smith in Eng. Bot. t. 350., Wtdlr, Ann. Bot. 14.')., Doll's Mill. 2. p. 648. ; the Whitty Pear Tree ; Cormier, or Sorbier cultive, Fr. ; Speyerlingsbaum, or Sperberbaum, Ger^ Sorbo domestico, Ital. Engravings. Eng. Bot., t. 360. ; Gartn. Fruct., 2. t. 87. ; the plate in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. Ti. ; and our.^. 792. 792. *•. Siirbus. Spec. Char., Sfc. Buds glabrous, glutinous, acuminate. Leaflets serrated, vil- lose beneath, but becoming naked when old. Pome obovate, pear-shaped. (Dec. Prod.) A tree of the middle size. Europe, chiefly of the middle region ; found also in some parts of Barbary, particularly in the neigh- bourhood of Algiers ; and by some considered a native of Britain. Height 30 ft. to 60 ft. Flowers white; May. Fruit brown ; October. Decaying leaves yellowish brown. Naked young wood grey, like that of the com- mon mountain ash. Varieties. In Du Hamel and the Dictionnaire des Eaux et i^brefe,. eight vari- eties of the true service are described ; but in British gardens only the two following sorts are cultivated : — 'i P. S. 2 mdiformis Lodd. Cat., la Corme-Pomme, Fr., has apple-shaped fruit. Of this variety there are trees which bear abundantly in the Horticultural Society's Garden, and in the Hackney Arboretum. 4 P. S. 3 pyriformis Lodd. Cat., la Corme-Poire, Fr., has pear-shaped fruit ; and of this, also, there are fruit-bearing trees in the places above referred to. A tree, in foliage and general appearance, closely resembling the mountain ash ; but attaining a larger .size, and bearing much larger fruit, of a greenish brown colour when ripe. In France this tree attains the height of 50 or 60 feet : it requires two centuries before it reaches its full size ; and lives to so great an age, that some specimens of it are believed to be upwards of 1000 years old. It grows with an erect trunk, which terminates in a large pyrami- dal head. • This tree is readily known from the mountain ash, in winter, by XXVI. bosaVe^ : jfY^Rus. 443 its buds, which are smooth and green, instead of being downy and black ; in the beginning of summer, by its leaflets being broader, downy above, and also beneath ; and, in autumn, by its pear or apple shaped fruit, which is four or five times the size of that of P. aucuparia, and of a dull greenish brown colour. It is said to be 30 years before it comes into a bearing state when it is raised from the seed ; but, when scions from fruit-bearing trees are grafted on seedling plants, or on the mountain ash, they come into bearing in a few years as in the case of other fruit trees. (See Gard. Mag., iv. p. 487.) The wood of the true service is the hardest and the heaviest of all the indigenous woo4s, of Europe. It weighs, when dry, no less than 72 lb. 2 oz. per cubic foot. It has a compact fine grain, a reddish tinge, and takes a very high polish ; but it must not be employed until it is thoroughly seasoned, as otherwise it is apt to twist and split. It is much sought after in France, by millwrights, for making cogs to wheels, rollers, cylinders, blocks and pulleys, spindles and axles ; and for all those parts of machines which are subject to much friction, and re- quire great strength and durability. In France, it is preferred to all other kinds of wood for jnaking the screws to wine-presses. In France, the fruit, when beginning to decay, is brought to table ; though it is not highly prized, and is more frequently eaten by the poor than the rich. In Britain, the tree is chiefly to be recommended as one of ornament and rarity. A good, free, deep, dry soil, and a sheltered situation, are essential, wherever it is at- tempted to grow this tree in Britain. From the specimens in the neighbour- hood of London, it does not appear to suffer from the climate, after it has been five or six years planted ; but it is rather difiicult to establish young plants. Seeds may be procured in abundance from France ; and from them stocks may be raised on which the best fruit-bearing varieties may be grafted. The true service may also be grafted on the pear, the mountain ash, the haw- thorn, and other aUied species. The graft should be made close to the ground, or even under it, on the root ; and care should be taken to retard the scion previously to grafting it, in order that the stock may be somewhat in advance of it. On the whole, the operation requires to be performed with the greatest care ; because this is one of the most difiicult of all non-resinous trees to graft successfiilly. The plants at Messrs. Loddiges's ripen fruit every year, from the seeds of which numerous young plants have been raised. t 33. P. LANUGINO^SA Dec. The -viodWy-leaved Service Tree. Identification.. Dec. Prod., 2. p. 637. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 646. Si/nonymes. P. hybrida lanugiubsa Hort. ; 56rbus lanugmf>sa Kit. in Litt., and Lodd. Cat. Engravinps. The plate of this species in Arb. Brit., 1st edit, vol. vi. ; and our Jig._ 793. from a tree in the Horticultural Society's Garden. Spec. Char^ ^c. Buds woolly. Leaflets serrated, woolly beneath. Petiole woolly. Pome globose. {Dec. Prod.) A fastigiate tree of the middle size. A hybrid, when and whence originated is uncertain. Height 20 ft. to 30 ft. Flowers white; May. Fruit small, like that of the mountain ash, but seldom coming to maturity. The trees of this species in Loddiges's arboretum, and in the Horticultural Society's Garden, are very distinct from any other sort, and appear to be hybrids between P. pinnatifida, or perhaps P. 56rbus, and the common moun- tain ash. The general form of the tree is fastigiate, with numerous parallel, rigid, upright shoots. The flowers and fruit resemble those of the mountain ash, but are smaller : the former are frequently abortive ; and the latter, when it is produced, is geneKally without seeds. It is a robust, hardy, vigorous- growing tree, which comes early into leaf, and is well deserving of a place in collections. This species, and all the others belonging to the section 56rbus, graft readily on the common hawthorn ; and, as they make very handsome, small, round-headed trees, beautiful at every season of the year, common hedges might be grafted with them at regular distances, and the grafts would grow up, and become handsome standards. 444 ARBOKETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. 793. P. lanuRinisa. 1^ 34-. P. spu^RiA Dec. The spurious Service Tree. Ident^ation. Dec. Prod , 2. p. 637. ; Don's Mill., 2. p, 649. Synomimes, P. h^brida Mccnch Weiss, t. 6. on the authority of Willd. Sp. 2. p. 1022.; 56rbus sptiria Pers. Syn. 2. p. 39. ; Mespilus ^orbifblia Poir. Suppl. 4. p. 72. : P. sorbifblia Bosc and Wats. Dend. Brit. t. 53., but not of Smith ; P. sambucifblia Cham, and Don's Mill. 2. p. 648. Engravings. Mcench Weiss., t 6., on the authority of Willd. Sp., 2. p. 1002. ; Wats. Dend. Brit, t. 53. ; Hot. Reg., 1. 1196. ; and our^^. 794. 794. P. eparia. XXVI. iJOSA^CEJE : PY^RUS. 445 Spec. Char., %c. Leaflets ovate, crenate ; 3 pairs, with an odd one, which is longer than the others : all are hairy beneath. Petiole gland-bearing upon the upper side. Styles 5. Intermediate, and perhaps a hybrid, be- tween P. aucuparia and P. arbutifolia. (Dec. Prod.) A low tree, with rambling, slender, dark-coloured shoots, and fruit resembling that of P. ar- butifolia. Height 10 ft. to 20 ft. In cultivation in 1800. Flowers white May. Fruit small, black ; ripe in September. Decaying leaves dark purplish red. Naked young wood purplish. Fariett/. 2 P. s. 2 pendula Hort., Sorbus hybrida pendula Lodd. Cat., P. spuria sambucifolia Hort. Brit, (the plate of this variety in Arb. Brit., 1st edit. vol. vi.) has pendulous shoots, and is a very distinct and most interesting kind. There are fine low trees of it in the Hor- ticultural Society's Garden; and, if grafted 10 or 12 feet high, in- stead of only 3 or 4- feet, as it is there, it would form one of the most beautiful of pendulous trees. It is prolific in flowers, and dark purple fruit ; and the leaves die off of an intensely dark pur- plish red. Every hawthorn hedge might be adorned with this tree by grafting. Both the species and variety are very desirable small trees for their leaves, their flowers, and their fruit ; they are readily propagated by grafting on th.e common thorn or mountain ash, and require the same soil as that species. t 35. P. FOLiOLo'sA Wall. The leafy Mountain Ash. Jdentificaiion. Wall. Cat. p. 677. i PI. Asiat. Rar., 2. p. 81. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 648. EngraviTigs. Wall. PI. Asiat. Ear., 2. t. 189. ; and our fig. 795. Spec. Char., S^c. Leaves pinnate, with 7 — S pairs of elUptic-lan- ceolate, mucronate leaflets, which are serrated at the apex, pubes- cent beneath. Cymes branched, terminal, pubescent. (DorCs Mill.) A deciduous tree. Ne- pal, on mountains. Height 1 5 ft. to 20 ft. Introduced ?. Flowers white ; June. Pome small, obo- vate roundish, red ; ripe Nov. This very desirable and probably quite hardy species, we believe, has not yet bean introduced, but it doubtless will soon be so. P. hirctna Wall. Cat. p. 675., and Don's Mill. ii. p. 648., is a native of Nepal, with pinnate leaves, and numerous leaflets, rusty beneath ; and with red fruit, 7^5 about the size of that of the common mountain ash. p. Fo1[ol6sa. § vii. Adenorachis Dec. Sect. Char. Petals spreading, each with a claw, and a concave limb. Styles 2 — 5. Pome globose. Leaves simple, the midrib bearing glands on its upper surface (which is the character expressed in the sectional name). Flowers in branched corymbs. — Deciduous shrubs, natives of North America ; growing to the height of 4 or 5 feet, and prolific in flowers, followed by red, dark purple, or black, fruit. They are all readily propagated by division, by suckers, or by grafting on the common hawthorn. 446 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. This section is so unlike the others in habit and gefieral appearance, that it would be much more convenient to have it as a distinct genus ; say, j^ronia, as it was before that genus was united with Pjrus. sk 36. P. /(RBUTiFo^LiA L.Jil. The Arbutus-leaved Aronia. Identification. Lin. fil. Suppl., 256. ; Ph. Sept. 1. p. 339. ; Dec. Prod., 2, p. 637. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 649. Synonymes, Crataegus pyrifjtlia Lam. Diet. 1. p. 83. ; Arimia pyritblia Pers. Syn. 2. p. 39. ; VCratae^gus serrata Poir. Suppl. 1. p. 292. ; MeR- pilus arbutifdlia Schmidt Aro. t. 86., Milt. Diet. 1. 109. Engravings. Schmidt Arb., t. 86. ; and our Jig. 796. Spec. Char., Sfc, Leaves obovate, lan- ceolate, acute, crenate, tomentose , beneath, especially when young, the midrib in each glandulous above. Calyx tomentose. Pome dark red or purple. (Dec. Prod.) A decidu- ous shrub. North America, from Canada to Carolina, in low copses and swamps, common. Height 4 ft. to 6 ft. Introduced in 1700. Flow- I ers white; May. Fruit dark red or black ; ripe in September. De- 796. p. orbutifoua. caying leaves intensely dark red, or purplish black. Varieties. sk P. a. 2 intermedia Lindl. (Hort. Trans., vii. p. 229. ; Don's IMill., ii. p. 649. and our /g. 798.) has the fruit globose and brown, at P. a. 3 serotina Lindl. (Hort. Trans., 1. c. ; Don's Mill., 1. c.) has the leaves shining above, and velvety beneath; and the fruit late, and party-coloured. 707. P. arbutiBUa pumila. P. a. 4 pumila, ikfespilus piimila iorfrf.Cai. (Krause, t. 86.; and our figs. 797. and 799.), appears to be diiferent from the two preceding ''*■ J", "ijutif diia intcrmidia. varieties. It is a low plant, seldom exceeding 1 ft. or 18 in. in height, X.XVI. ROSA. CUM : PY^EUS. 447 and rooting at the joints. The fruit is intermediate in colour between P. arbutifoHa and P. raelano- c&rpa, being of a reddish black. A very desirable shrub, frequent in collections, and known in the nurseries under the name of ilfespilus arbutifolia. It is prohfic in flowers, which are produced in May, and which are followed by dark red or purple fruit, which, when not eaten by birds, will remain on the bushes till the following April or May, when the plant is again in flower. This species, whether as a bush, or grafted standard high on the common thorn, is highly ornamental in spring, when it is covered with its profusion of white flowers ; in autumn, when its foliage assumes a deep red or purple ; and in winter, after the leaves have dropped, when it is still enriched with its persistent fruit. It is propagated by layers, suckers, or seeds ; but most frequently by suckers. There was, in 1835, a remarkably fine plant of this species, grafted standard high, in Knight's Exotic Nursery : it had attained the height of 10 or 12 feet ; its branches hung down gracefully to the ground, not in one mass, but in varied tufts ; and their appearance in autumn, when they were of an intensely purple red, was beyond expression interesting and beautiful. 799. P. a. pilmila. 37. P. (^A.) melanoca'rpa W. Willd. Enmn., 525. ; Ph. Sept., 1. p. 3 The black-fruited Aronia. I. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 637. ; Don's Mill., 2. Mes- Identijication. p. 649. Synonymes. P. orbutlfblia /3 Waid. Sp. 2. p. 1013. ; ..^rbnia arbutifWia Pers. Syn. 2. p. pllus capit^ta Lodd. ; M, floribunda Lodd. j M. piibens Lodd. Cat. 1836. Engravings. Schmidt Arb., t. 86. ; Krause, t. 79. ; and our.;^. 800. Spec. Char., S^c. Leaves obovate-oblong, acuminate, serrated, glabrous beneath ; the midrib glandulous above. Corymb more crowded than in P. arbutifolia. Calyx glabrous. Pome black. (X)ec. Prod.) A de- ciduous shrub. North America, in Canada, in bogs, and on the high mountains of Carolina and Virginia ; and judging from the plants in the Horticultural Society's Garden, and in the arboretum of Messrs. Loddiges, nothing more than a variety of P. arbuti- folia. Height 4 ft. to 5 ft. Cultivated in 1700. Flowers white ; May. Fruit large, black, resembling in taste those of raccinium pennsylvanicum ; ripe in September. Variety. St P. (a.) m. 2 subpubescens Lindl. (Hort. Trans., vii. p. 232. ; Don's Mill., ii. p. 649.), P. m. xanthocarpa Hort., has the leaves, when young, tomentose beneath, but glabrous in the adult state. P. (a.) melanocarpa or its variety, grafted standard high on the common hawthorn, forms a truly interesting pendulous, and at the same time pictu- resque, tree ; and we can scarcely sufficiently recommend it for small shrub- beries and suburban gardens. As its berries are not so greedily eaten by birds as those of most of the other iJosaceae, in raild winters they remain on till the following summer, and mix beautifully with the flowers in June. It grafts readily on the common hawthorn ; and it, and all the other species and varieties belonging to the section Adenorachis, might be introduced into our common hedges by any countryman who could graft, thus rendering them truly orna- mental. 800. P. (a.) mclanoc&rpa. 38. P. (a.") floribu'nda Lindl. Jieraificaliim. Lindl. Hort. Trans., 7. p. 230. ; Lindl. Bot. Reg, Kngravings. Lindl. Bot. Reg., t. 1006. ; and our^g. 801. The abundant-flowered Aronia. 1006. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 649. 448 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANN3CUM. p. (d.) tl0Tib4iida. Spec. Char., Src Branches cinereous, reclinate. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, acute, on long petioles, tomentose beneath, as well as the calyxes. Fruit spherical. Corymbs many- flowere'd, and longer than the leaves. (Don's Mill.) A shrub resembling the preceding species, but with more pendulous branches. Originated in gardens. Height 3 ft. to 4 ft. Cul- tivated in 1815. Flowers white; May. Fruit black ; ripe in Septem- ber. The leaves die off of a purplish red ; and the whole plant, from the time of its leafing till it becomes naked, is highly interesting and ornamental, more especially when grafted standard high. J, 39. P. (a.) depre'ssa Lindl. The depressed Aronia. Identification. Lindl. Hort. Trans., 7. p. 230. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 649. Eni^7-aving. Oar fig. 802. from a specimen In Dr. Lindley's herbarium. Spec, dim:, ^c. Stems humble, reclinate. Leaves oblong, obtuse, tomentose beneath, as well as the calyxes. Fruit pear-shaped. Corymbs length of the leaves. {Don's Mill.) A low shrub, with pendulous depressed branches. Of garden origin. Height 1 ft. to 2ft. Cultivated in 1813. Flowers white; May. Fruit dark purple ; ripe in September. It is evidently a variety or modification of the preceding sort ; and, from its profusion of flowers and fruit, and the purple hue of its 802. p. «..) depr&sa foHagc, it is highly ornamental. m 40. P. {a.) pu'bens Lindl. The io-wny-brancked Aronia. JdentificaUmi. Lindl. Hort. Trans., 7. p. 232.; Don's Mill., 2. p. 649. Engraving. Our fig. 803. from a living specimen in the Horticul- tural Society's Garden. Spec. Char., Sfc. Stem erect. Branches pubescent. Loaves oblong or obovate, abruptly acuminated, smooth. Fiuit spherical, and, as well as the ca- lyxes, quite glabrous. Corymbs loose, and many- flowered. (Don's Mill.) ■ A bushy shrub, with ro- bust foliage, and shoots. Of garden origin. Height 4 ft. to 5 ft. Cultivated in 1810. Flowers white ; May. Fruit round, large, dark purple ; ripe in September. This and the following kind have much of the robust foliage and habit of P. Chamsemespilus, and well deserve a place in collections. a 41. P. (a.) grandifo'lia Lindl. The large- leaved Aronia. Identification. Lindl. Hort. Trans., 7. p. 232. ; lindl. Bot. Reg., 1164. : Don's Mill. 2 d 649 Engravings. Bot. Reg,, t. 1164. ; and our.J>gs. 804. and 805. ; ^ f- i-^^. Spec. Char., Src Stem erect, and, as well as the branches, smoothish. Leaves 803. P. la.) piibeni. XXVI. rosa'cem: py^uus 449 8(U. P. (a.) ^^randifblla. oblong, or obovate, acute, glabrous. Fruit spherical, and, as well as the calyxes, glabrous. C!orymbs few-flow- ered, coarctate. Fruit with a villous disk. (Don's Mill.) A bushy shrub. Of garden origin, pro- bably a hybrid be- P. Chamaem^spilus, tween P. arbutifolia and Height 4 ft. to 5 ft. Cultivated in 1 8 1 0. Flow- ers white ; May and June. Fruit dark purple ; ripe Sept. Decaying leaves purple and vellow. sos. p. («.) i[»«n«K>ii»- It bears a profusion of flowers, and dark purple fruit ; and, on that account, and also on account of the purple tinge of its leaves, it is highly ornamental. Dr. Lindley considers it as the most valuable species of this division of Pyriis that has hitherto been described. § viii. Chamcemespilus Dec. Sect. Char. Petals upright, conniving, concave. Styles 2. Pome ovate. Leaves simple, glandless. Flowers in a capitate corymb. (Dec. Prod.) St 42. P. CHAMiiME'spiLUS Lindl. The dwarf Medlar. Identification. LindL in Lin. Soc. Trans., 13. p. 98. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 637. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 649. Synonymes. Cratae^gus Chamfem^spilus Jacg. Austr. t. 231. ; Jlfespilus Chamaem^spilus hin. Sp. 68.5. ; 56rbus ChamEB- m^spilus Crantz Austr. 83. t. 1. f. 3. ; the bastard Quince ; niedriger Mispelbaum, Ger. i Camenespolo, Ital. Engravings. Jacq. Austr., t. 231. ; Crantz Austr., 83. 1. 1. f. 3. ; and oar Jig. 806. Spec, Char., S^c. Leaves ovate, serrated, gla- brous ; except bearing on the under surface, when young, down, which is deciduous. (Dec. Prod.) A stiff-branched shrub. Europe, in rough mountainous places. Height 5 ft. to 6 ft. Introduced in 1683. Flowers white, tinted with rose ; May and June. Fruit round, orange-coloured, or red ; ripe in September. This species forms a compact bush, and flow- ers and fruits in the greatest abundance, and hence it merits to be much more extensively introduced into collections than it appears to have hitherto been. It grafts beautifully on the common hawthorn ; and, indeed, whoever has a quickset hedge may have a collection of all the species of this genus. Other Spemes ofPprus. — P. sJnifolia Lindl. in Lin. Trans, xiii. p. 98. Leaves glabrous, roundish, feather-nerved, and rather glaucous beneath. Fruit black and sugary. North America, at Fort Mandon. — P. tomentosa Dec. Prod. ii. p. 637. ; ilfalus tomentosa Dum. Cnurs. ed. 2. v. p. 438. Allied to P. bac- cata ; but the flowers, as well as fruit, are unknown. Siberia. — P. rubicunda Hoffmans. (Verz., 1824, p. 192.; Dec. Prod., ii. p. 637.) Leaves oval-acu- minate. Fruit partly red and partly yellow. Native country unknown. P- Chamtomispilus. 450 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. Genus XXI. "1 CYDO^NIA Tourn. The Quince Tree. Di-Pentagynia. Lin. Si/st. Icosandria Identiftcation. Tourn. Inst., 632. t. 435. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 638. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 650. Synonymes. PJrug sp. Lin. ; Coignassier, Fr. ; Quittenbaum, Ger. ; Cotogno, Ital. Derivation. From its native place, Cydon, in Candia. Gen. Char. Calyx 5-cleft. Petals orbicular. Stamens erect. Styles 5. Pome closed, S-celled ; cells cartilaginous, many-seeded. Seeds covered with mu- cilaginous pulp, (Don's Mill.) Leaves simple, alternate, stipulate, deciduous ; serrated or entire. Flowers large, solitarj', or few together in a kind of umbel. — Low deciduous trees or shrubs, natives of Europe and Asia ; easily propagated by layers, or by graft- ing on the common thorn. Common soil, rather moist than dry. ¥ 1. C. vuLGA^Ris Pers. The common Quince Tree. Idmti/lcalion. Pars. Syn., 2, p. 40. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 63S. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 650. ^nonymes. P^ruB Cyd6nia Lin. Sp. 687., Jacq. Austr. t. 342. ; C. europs^'a Sav. Alb. Tosc. 1 . p. 90. Engravings. Jacq. Austr., t 342. ; the plate in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., voL vi. ; and oxujlg. 807. 807. Crdonia vulgaris. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves ovate, obtuse at the base, entire, tomentose beneath. Calyx tomentose ; its lobes serrulated, and a little leafy. Stamens in one row. (Dec. Prod.') A low tree. South of Europe, in rocky places and hedges; and by some considered indigenous in Britain. Height 15 ft. to 20 ft. Cultivated in 1573. Flowers white; May and June. Fruit large, of a fine orange yellow ; ripe in November. Varieties. t C. D. 1 pyriformis Hort. — Fruit pear-shaped. ''' C. ». 2 maliformis Hort. — Fruit apple-shaped. XXVI. ROSA CEiE : CYDO NIA. 451 f C. «. 3 lusitdmca Du Ham. — Broader leaves, and larger fruit, than the two preceding kinds ; and, being of more vigorous growth, it is better adapted for being used as a stock for pears. The quince is a low tree, with a crooked stem and tortuous rambling branches. It is of moderately rapid growth when young ; attaining, in four or five years, the height of 6 or 8 feet ; and, in ten or twelve years, the height of 15 feet : after which it continues to increase in width of head only ; being very seldom found higher than 13 or 20 feet. The quince prefers a moist free soil, near water, and a situation open, but sheltered. In dry soil, neither the tree nor the fruit attains any size; and, in situations exposed to high winds, the fruit will not remain on the tree till ripe. Layers. S 2. C. sinb'nsis Thouin. The China Quince Tree. Identification. Thouin Ann. Mus., 19. p. 145. t. 8. and 9. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 638. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 650. SyTwm/ine, Pjnis sinensis Poir. SuppL 4. \t. 452. Engravings. Ann. Mus., 19. t. 8. and 9. ; the plate of this tree in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. vi. ; and OMTfig. 808. I. Cydbnla sis&uis. Spec. Char., Stc Leaves ovate, acuminated at both ends, acutely serrated, when young a little villose, and when adult glabrous. Stipules oblong linear, serrated ; the teeth glanded. Flowers rosy, becoming red. Calyx glabrous ; its lobes' serrulated, and a little leafy. Stamens in one row. Fruit egg-shaped, large, hard, almost juiceless, and greenish. Seeds in each cell about 30, with many abortive. {Dec. Prod.) A very handsome low tree, very distinct in appearance from the common quince, from the shining sur- face of its leaves, and the regular serratures of their margins. China. Height in China 20 ft. ; in England 10 ft. to 12 ft. Introduced in 1818. Flowers white or pale red ; May and June. Fruit egg-shaped, greenish, hard, and nearly dry ; ripe in October. G G 2 452 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BBITANNICUM. SIO. C. japtiHica. at 3. C. japo'nica Pen. The Japan Quince Tree. Identification. Pers. Syn., 2. p. 4,0. \ Dec. Prod., 2. p. 638. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 650. . , . Synmymes. ? P^rus iapijnica Thutib. PL Jap. 207., and Sol. Mag. t. 692. ; ChsnomSles jap6nica Lindl. Lin. Trans. 13. p. 9S. . ,. , ■ Engravings. Bot. Mag., t.;692.-, Morris Fl. Consp., 1. 1. j ourjfe. 809. ; auijlg. 810. showing the fruit- Spec. Char., Src. Leaves oval, somewhat cuneated, crenately serrated, gla- brous upon both surfaces. Stipules kidney-shaped, , and serrated. Flowers mostly 2 — 3 together, rarely solitary. Calyx glabrous ; its lobes short, obtuse, entire. Stamens in two rows. (Dec. Prod.} A rambUng deciduous shrub. Japan and China. Height 5 ft. to 6 ft.. Introd. in 1815. Flowers scar- let ; produced the greater part of the year. Fruit green, very fragrant, but not eatable ; ripe in Oct. Va7'ieties. 3k C. j. 2 fibre albo has cream-coloured, or very pale red, flowers, and forms a very distinct kind when in blossom. a* C. j. 3 fl. semi-pleno has red flowers, somewhat semidouble. There are plants of this kind in the Kensington Nursery. One of the most desirable deciduous shrubs in cultivation, whether as a bush in the open lawn, trained against a wall, or treated as an ornamental hedge plant. It has also been trained up with a single stem as a standard ; and, in this character, its pendent branches and numerous flowers, give it a rich and striking appearance, especially in early spring. It is difficult to unite with its congeners by grafting ; but, if it could be grafted standard high on the pear, the hawthorn, or even on the common quince, it would form a most de- lightful little tree. Readily propagated by layers or suckers, and it also grows by cuttings. Order XXVII. CALYCANTHA^CE^. Ord. Char. Calyx coloured, many-parted. Segments in many series, unequal. Corolla none. Stamens indefinite, in several series. Anthei-s adnate, ex- trorse. Styles exserted. Carpels 1-seeded, enclosed within the fleshy tube of the calyx. Albumen none. Agrees with ^Kosaceae in fruit, and Granateas in leaves, but differs from both in the absence of petals (G. Don.) Leaves simple, opposite, exstipulate, deciduous ; feather-nerved, rough. Flowers axillary. — Deciduous shrubs, natives of Asia and America. Calyca'nthus. Stamens 12, deciduous. Chimona'nthus. Stamens 5, persistent. Genus I. CALYCA'NTHUS Lindl. The Calycanthus, or American Allspice. Lin. Syst. Icosandria Polyg^nia. Identifkation. Lindl. in Bot. Reg., t. 404, ; Nee» Nov. Act. Nat. Cur. Bonn., 11. p. 107.; Dec. Prod., 3. p. 2. i Don's Mill., 2. p. G82. XXVII. CALYCANTHA^CE^ : CALYCa'nTHUS. 453 St/nom/mes. GalycAnthi sp. Xm., Lam.^ TVilld. ; Biittngrm Du Ham. Arb., 1. p. 114., not of Lin. ; Beurr&rm Ehret Pict. t. 13. ; Bast^na Adaos. Fam. 2. p. 294. ; Porapadouro Buchoz ; Caly- canthe, Fr. ; Gewiirzstrauch (spice shrub), Kelch Blume, Ger. : Calicanto, Ilal. Derivation. From katut^ a calyx, and antltos^ a flower ; the oalrx is coloured, and resembles a corolla. The name allspice was given to it by the inhabitants of Carolina, from the strong aro- matic smell of the bark. Gen. Char. Lobes of calyx disposed in many series, imbricate, lanceolate, all somewhat coriaceous and coloured. Stamens unequal, deciduous, 12 outer ones fertile. Achenia numerous. (Don's Mill.) Leaves simple, alternate, stipulate, deciduous ; entire, coriaceous. Flowers axillary, rising after the leaves, of a lurid purple colour, and sweet-scented, as well as the bark and leaves. Deciduous shrubs, natives of North America ; propagated, in England, by layers. DeCandoUe states that the removal of the terminal leaf bud of a shoot causes the production of two new flower buds ; and that by this practice a succession of flowers, during the whole summer, may be obtained when desirable. (Dec. Prod.) St 1. C. flo'ridus L. The flowery Calycanthus, or Carolina Allspice. Identification. Lin. Sp., 718. ; Nutt. Gen. Amer., 1. p. 312. ; Dec. Prod., 3. p. 2. ; Don's Mill., 2- p. 652. Synonymes. C. sterilis ^aZ^. Car. 151.; sweet-scented Shrub, in Carolina \ common American Allspice ; Calycanthe de la Caroline, Fr. \ Carolinische Kelch Blume, Ger. ; Pompadur, Ital. Engravings. Bot. Mag., t. 503. ; Du Ham. Arb., 1. t. 45. ; Lam. 111., t 446.' t. 1. ; Guimp. Abb. Holz., t. 4. J oai Jig. 810. ; ODdJig. 811. showing the fruit. Spec. Char., S^c. Wood of the trunk, and es- pecially of the root, intensely camphor- ' scented. Branches spreading ; branchlets tomentose. Leaves oval, tomentose be- neath. Flowers mostly abortive. Fruit top- shaped. (Dec. Prod.) | A dense orbiculate bush. Carolina, on the shaded banks of rivu- 811. uaijcinttui Ddridus. jgfg^ Height 6 ft. to 8 ft. Introduced in 1726. Flowers dusky, purple, scented ; May to August. Fruit brown, rarely seen in England. General aspect of the foliage, in summer, dark brownish green. Decaying leaves bright yellow. Naked young wood dark brown. Varieties. DeCandoUe gives two forms of this species : — * C. f. I oblmgus, leaves oblong (Ait. Hort. Kew., ed. 2., 3. p. 282.) ; and St C. f. 2 ovdtus, leaves roundishly ovate (Ait. Hort. Kew., ed. 2., 3. p. 282.). The following varieties are in Loddiges's Catalogue for 1836; and plants of most of them are in their arboretum, and in that of the Horticultural Society : — ^ C. f. 3 asplenifolius has cut leaves. * C. f. ifirax has fertile flowers. ^ C. f. 5 glaucus has leaves somewhat glaucous. St C. f. 6 inodorus has flowers nearly scentless. St C. /. 7 longifolius has elongated leaves. St C. f. 8 variegatus has variegated leaves. The flowers grow singly on short peduncles at the extremity of the branches ; they have two series of narrow thick sepals, which spread open, and turn inward at the top, like those of the anemone or clematis. It thrives G G 3 812. C. fldndus. 454 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BEITANNICUM. best in a light, rich, sandy soil, kept rather moist, and in a shady situation. The varieties differ very slightly from each other. at 2. C. (f.) glau'cus WUld. The glaucous-leaved Calycanthus, or fertile- flowered American Allspice, Identification. Willd. Enura., 659. ; Pursh Fl. Sept. Amer., p. 357. ; Dec. Prod., 3. p. 2. _ Synanyme. C. ftrlilis WaU. Car. 151., Lindl. Bot. Reg. t. 404., Guimp. Abb. Solz. t. 5., Don s MiU. 2. p. 662. Engravings. Bot. Keg., t. 404. ; Guimp. Abb. Holz., t. 6. ; and our fig. 813. Spec, Char,, Sfc. Branches spreading. Leaves ovate- lanceolate, acuminate, glaucous beneath, pubescent. Flowers less odorous than those of C. floridus. (Dec, Prod,) A dense orbiculate bush. Carolina, on mountains. Height 6 ft. to 8 ft. Introduced in 1726. Flowers lurid purple ; May to August. Fruit, leaves, and young wood as in the preceding species. Variety, • * C,g.2oblongifdlius Nutt. Gen. Amer. i. p.312., Dec. Prod. iii. p. 2. C. oblongifolius Hurt. Brit, — Leaves ovate-lanceolate, elongated. A native of North Carolina, on mountains. (Dec, Prod,, iii. p. 2.) Closely resembling C. floridus in general appearance ; and requiring the same soil and culture. According to Pursh, the flowers are like those of C. floridus ; but their scent is not so agreeable, and is more faint. Whether there is much difference between this sort and C. f. 5 glaucus, we have not had an opportunity of ascertaining ; the plant in Messrs. Loddiges's arbore- tum not having flowered. We have therefore retained the description of this kind as a species, in deference to Pursh, DeCandolle, and G. Don, though we strongly suspect that they are identical. Willd. The g\abvous-leaved Calycanthus, or Ame- rican 813. C.(f.}glaticu5. St 3. C. (f.) l.eviga^tus Identi/lcalion. WiUd. Enum., 669. ; Willd. Hort. Berol., t. 80. ; Pursh Fl. Sept. Amer., p. 3i>8. ; Nutt. Gen. Amer., 1. p. 312. ; Dec. Prod., 13. p. 2. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 6.')2. Synonymes, C. f^rax Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer. 1. p. 306.; C. pennsji- v&nicus Lodd, Cat. Engravings. Bot. Reg., t. 481. ; and our Jig. 814, Spec, Char., S;c, Branches strictly upright. Leaves oblong or ovate, and gradually acuminated, slightly wrinkled ; the upper surface rough to the touch, the under one glabrous and green. (Dec. Prod.) A dense orbiculate bush. Pennsylvania, Virginia and Carolina, on mountains. Height 3 ft. to 5 ft. Introduced in 1806, and resembling the two pre- ceding sorts in appearance and culture, but with the leaves more pointed. Very probably the C. f. 4 ferax of the preceding page. „, ^^ ,,, ,,,.^,^, Genus II. CHIMONA'NTHUS Lindl, The Chimonanthus, or Winter-Flower. Lin, Syst, Icosandria Polygynia. Identification, Lindl. Bot. Reg., t. 404. and 461 . ; Dec. Prod., 3. p. 2. j Don's Mill., 2. p 662. XXVII. CALYCANTHA^CEiE : CHIMONA'NTHUS. 455 Synoni/mes. Mer&ti'a Nees Act. Soc. Nat. Bonn. 11. p. 107. ; Catyc£nthi sp. Linn. Derivation, From cheimony winter, and anthoSt a flower ; in allusion to the season of its flowering. Gen. Char. Lobes of calyx imbricate, oval, obtuse j outer ones in the form o( bracteas ; inner ones larger, and appearing like a corolla. Stamens nearly equal, permanent, the five outer ones fertile, connate at the base. (Don's Mill.) Leaves simple, alternate, stipulate, deciduous ; entire. Flowers rising be- fore the leaves, in the axils of the leaves of the preceding year ; very sweet- scented ; yellowish, but purplish inside. Bai-k and leaves without scent. A deciduous shrub, a native of Japan ; remarkable for the fragrance of its flowers, which are produced from December till March, even in the open garden, in the neighbourhood of London, and more especially if the plant is trained against a wall. The blossoms are produced singly, in the axils of the leaves, on the shoots of the preceding year, and also on spurs pro- ceeding from the old wood. The soil, culture, &c., are the same as for Calycanthus. * 1. C. FRA^GRASS Lindl. The {ragcant-^owered Chimonanthus. Identification. Lindl. Bot. Reg., t. 404. 451. ; Dec. frod., 3. p. 2, ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 652. SynonyTnes. CalycSnthus praa cox Lin. Sp. 1718., Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 1. vol. 2. p. 220. t. 10., Bot. Mag. t. 466., Lam. III. t. 445. t. 2. ; Mer&tm frjlgrans l^ees Act. Soc. Nat. Bonn. 11. p. Curt. „ , _ p. 107. ; O'bai, or Rdbai, Kteiiwf. Amaen. 879. ic. ; the Winter- Flower ; Calycante de Japon, Fr, \ Japa- Bot. Mag., t. 466. ; Lam. nische Kelch Bliime, Gel Eneravings. Kxmpf. Amren. ic. ; Ait. Hort. Kew., ed. 1. vol. ii. t. 10. ; 445. t. 2. ; and our^. 815. ^ec. Char., Sfc. Bark and leaves scentless. Flowers protruded before the leaves, solitary in the old axils of leaves, extremely odorous, yellowish, and purple within. Fruit flask-shajied, or thicker above the base, and in the upper part tapered into a cylindrical neck. (Dec. Prod.) A deciduous shrub. Japan. Height 6 ft. to 8 ft. as a bush, twice that height when trained against a wall. Introduced in 1776. Flowers yellowish and purple within ; December to March. Fruit flask- shaped. Decaying leaves greenish. Naked young wood hght grey. 816. C. &&granji grandifl&niB. 815. C. fraRTans. I aneii£S at C.f.2grandifldrus Lindl. Bot. Reg. t. 451. ; and our/g. 816.— Flowers larger, and more spreading. Fruit oblong, tapered at the base. (Dee! Prod.) , • ., , -, & C f. Gluteus Hort. has the flowers yellow both inside and outside. St C.f. 4, parmflorus Hort. — A distinct late-flowering variety. Plants in the Horticultural Society's Garden. The flowers, which are produced in the greatest abundance from November till March (as the name, winter-flower, implies), and which are dehghtfuUy and refreshingly fragrant, scent the air to a considerable distance round the tree. It is grown in most choice gardens for its flowers ; a few of which are gathered daily, and placed in the drawingroom or boudoir, in the same man- ner as violets. The plant is generally propagated by layers ; but it frequently produces seeds, from which many plants have been raised. The variety C. f. srandiflorus has the flowers rather less fragrant than the species, but they are much more ornamental. No garden whatever ought to be without this shrub. North of London, it deserves a wall as much as any fruit tree; at least, judging from the measure of enjoyment which it is calculated to afford : and, 456 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. south of London, it may be planted as a standard bush on the open lawn, or in the shrubbery. Order XXVIII. GRANATA^CE^. Orb. Char. Calyx 5 — 7-cleft, tube turbinate, limb tubular ; sestivation val- vate. Petals 5 — 7. Stamens indefinite, free. Style filiform. Stigma capitate. Fruit large, spherical, divided horizontally into two compartments, lower part 3-ceTled ; upper part 5 — 9-celled. Seeds numerous, covered with pellucid baccate pulp. Albumen wanting. Differs from il/yrtaceae in the leaves being without dots. {G. Don.) Leaves simple, opposite or alternate, exstipulate, deciduous ; lanceolate, entire. Flowers terminal, scarlet. — Shrubs or low trees, natives of Africa. Genus I. ^ PITNICA Tourn. The Pomegranate Tree. Lin. Syst. Tcosandria Monogynia. Identification. Touni. Inst., t. 401. ; Dec. Prod., 3. p. 3. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 663. Synonymes. The Carthaginian Apple ; Grenadier, Fr. ; firanate, Ger. ; Melograno, Ital ; Grana- dos, Span. Derivation. Pilnica is said, in the Nouveau Du Hamel, to be derived either from puniceus, scarlet, in allusion to the scarlet colour of the flowers ; or from the same word, or Punicus, both signify- ing '• of Carthage ;" near which city, Pliny tells us, it was first found. Gen. Char. Same as that of the order. Leaves simple, opposite, sometimes whorled or alternate, exstipulate, deci- duous ; oblong, entire. Flowers terminal, scarlet, with numerous stamens. — Low deciduous trees or shrubs, indigenous to Africa, and naturalised in the South of Europe. t 1. P. Granatdm L. The common Pomegranate Tree. Mentification. Lin. Sp., 676. ; Dec. Prod., 3. p. 3. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 683. Engravings. Bot Mag., t. 1832. ; and our^. 817. Spec. Char., Sfc. Stem arboreous. Leaf lanceolate. (Dec. Prod.) A deciduous tree. Mauritania, whence it may have migrated into the South Europe, where it is now perfectly indigenous. Height, in France and Italy, 15 ft. to 30 ft. ; in England generally trained against a wall, where it attains double that height when there is room. Introduced in 1548. Flowers scarlet ; June to September. Fruit globose, in warm seasons sometimes ripened in No- vember. Varieties. U P. G. 1 rihrum Dec. Prod. iii. p. 3. (Trew Ehret, t.71. f. 1. ; Poit. et Turp. Arbr. Fr., 22.; Schkuhr. Handb., t. 131. J.; Sims Bot. Mag., t. 1832.; and our/g. 817.) has the flowers red ; pulp of fruit reddish. Wild in Mauritania and the South of Europe, and enduring even the coldestwinters.(Dfc.Prod.,iii.p.3.) 3,, p. o,„a„,„ ,.b™cu XXVIII. GRANATA^CEiE. XXIX. TAMARICA^CEjE. 457 & P. G. 2 riibnim flore plena Trew Ehret t. 71. f. 2. has double red flowers. It is common in gardens, and is a little more impatient of cold than the preceding variety. {Dec. Prod., iii. p. 4.) a^ P. G. 3 albescens Dec. Prod. iii. p. 4., Andr. Bot. Rep. t. 16. — Petals white. Calyx slightly yellowish. Pulp of the fruit of a pale red. It is cultivated in gardens, and is rather more tender than P. G. riibrura. {Dec. Prod., iii. p. 4.) a P. G. 4 albescens flare pleno Dec. has double flowers, which are nearly white. It is cultivated in gardens, and is the tenderest of all the forms of the species. {Dec. Prod., iii. p. 4.) * P. G. bflaviim Hort. has the flowers yellow, but is rare in gardens. A tree, in magnitude and ligneous character, bearing considerable resem- blance to the common hawthorn. In the South of France, and in Spain and Italy, it grows to the height of 1 8 or ^0 feet ; forming a very branchy twiggy tree, seldom found with a clear stem, unless it has been pruned up. In a wild state, about Marseilles, it forms a thorny bush ; but, in the gardens about Nice and Genoa, it is a very handsome small tree, much admired both for its flowers and its fruit. In the South of Europe, the pomegranate is culti- vated for its fruit j and, in some places, as a hedge plant. It is also grown as an ornamental tree ; the stem being trained to the height of 6 or 8 feet, and the headjifterwards allowed to spread, and droop down on every side. The single wild pomegranate will grow in almost any soil ; but the double-flowered varieties, and the species when it is intended to bear fruit, require a rich free soil. Whether the object be flowers or fruit, the bead of the tree should be thinned out, and so cut as to multiply, as much as possible, short slender shoots ; on the points of which alone the flowers are produced. The plant is easily propagated by cuttings of the shoots or of the roots, by layers, or by grafting one sort on another. The double variety grafted on the single is more productive of flowers than when raised by cuttings or layers ; and in good rich soil, judiciously supplied with water, it will continue producing its large scarlet flowers for four or five months. When the plant is raised from seeds, they ought to be sown immediately on being removed from the fruit ; because they very soon lose their vital powers. * 2. P. {G.) NA^NA L. The dwarf Pomegranate. Identification. Lin. Sp., 676. ; Sims Bot. Mag., t. 634. ; Dec. Prod., 3. p. 4. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 653. Synonymes. P. americAna nSna Town. ; P. (rran^tum nSnum Pers. Engravings. Bot. Mag., t. 634. ; Trew Eliret, t. 71. f. 3. ; and our fig. 818. Spec. Char., S^c. Stem shrubby. Leaf linear. {Dec. Prod.) A low deciduous bush ; said to be a native of the Carl- bee Islands and of South America, about Demerara. In- . troduced in 1723. Flowers red; June to September. Without doubt, only a variety of P. Granatum. sis. p. o.i nans. Oeder XXIX. TAMARICA^CEiE. Obd. Char. Calyx is — S-parted. Petals^ — 5. Stamens i: — 5 or 8 — 10, free or monadelphous. Style short. Stigmas 3. Caj)sule tngonaX, 3-valved, 1- celled, many-seeded. Placentas 3 at base of cell, or along the middle of the valves. Seeds comose at apex. Albumen none. Near Frankeniare^ in Thalamiflorae. Leaves simple, alternate, exstipulate, deciduous or sub-evergreen ; linear- lanceolate. Flowers small. — Shrubs. Natives of Europe, Asia, and Africa ; of easy culture in light sandy soil. The genera in British gardens are two, which are thus contradistinguished : — 458 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. Ta'marix. Stamens 4 — 5. Hairs on the seeds simple. MvRiCA^BiA. Stamens 10. Hairs on the seeds feathery. Genus I. TA'MARIX Desv. The Tamarisk. Lin. Syst. Pentandria Trigy^nia. Idmtificaticm. DesT. Ann. Sc. Nat., 4. p. 348. ; Dec. Prod., 3. p. 95. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 725. Synonymes. The species of TSinarix of authors that have 4 stamens and 5 stamens ; Tamaris, Fr. ; Tamarisken, Ger. ; Tamarice, Ital. Derivation. So called, according to some, from the plants growing on the banks of the river Tama~ raSj now Tambra, on the borders of the Pyrenees ; or, according to others, from the Hebrew word tamaris, cleansing, on account of their branches being used for brooms. Gen. Char. Calyx 4 — 5-parted. Fetals 4 — h. Stamens 4 — 5, alternating with the petals, almost free. Ovarium tapering to the apex. Stigmas 3, long, divaricate, glandular, and oblique at the apex. Seeds erect, inserted nearly at the base of the valves ; tufted ; tuft composed of numerous simple hairs arising from the apex. (Don's Mill.) Leaves simple, alternate, exstipulate, deciduous or sub-evergreen ; linear, stem-clasping, very small ; adult ones diaphanous at the apex. Flowers in spikes, and usually disposed in panicles, small, red, seldom white. Tall shrubs, natives of Europe, the North of Africa, and the West of Asia ; sub-evergreen in British- gardens ; and highly valuable, as standing the sea breeze in situations where few other ligneous plants, and no other flowering shrubs, will grow. The whole plant is very bitter, and the young shoots were formerly employed as a tonic, and as a substitute for hops in brewing beer. St m 1. T. ga'llica L. The French Tamarisk. Identification. Lin. Sp., 386. ; MUl. Ic. ; Dec. Prod.. 3. p. 96. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 726. Synonymes. T. narbon^nsis Lob. Ic. 2. t. 218. ; raroariscus gallicus All. ; Tamariscus peiltdndrus Lam. Ft. Fr., not of Pall. ; Mirice, Ital. Engravings. N. Du Ham., vol. vii. t. 69. ; and our^^. 819. Spec. Char., Sfc. Glabrous, glaucous. Leaves minute, clasping the stem or branch, adpressed, acute. Spikes of flowers lateral, somewhat panicled, slender, 5 times longer than broad. (JDec. Prod.) A sub-evergreen shrub, frequent in sandy places in the middle and South of Europe, and in the South of England. Height 5 ft. to 10 ft., sometimes twice that height. Flowers pinkish ; May to October. Varieties. In the Linnaa, 2. p. 267., 6 varieties are described, for ; which we refer to our first edition, as the plants are not in cul- tivation in Britain, and indeed ajjpear to us not worth keeping distinct. T. gallica prefers a deep, free, sandy soil ; and will only attain a large size when it is in such a soil, and supplied with moisture from the proximity of some river, or other source of water. It is valuable as thriving on the sea shore where few other shrubs will grow ; as being sub-evergreen; and as flowering' late in the season, and for several months together. It is readily propagated by cut- tings, planted in autumn, in a sandy soil, with a northern exposure. In favourable situations in France and the South of Europe, it grows to the height of 15 or 20 feet ; and there are instances, both in Britain and on the Continent, of its growing as high as 30 ft., and this, we suppose, has given rise to the alleged variety, T. g. arborea. In the South of Russia, and in Tartary, the species assumes a great variety of forms according to the soil and situa- tion ; the tops of the dwarf plants are there eaten by sheep, and the stems of the larger ones used as handles for whips. XXIX. TAMARICa'cEjE. XXX. PHILADELPHA^CEiE. 459 Genus II. A. MYRICA^RIA Desv. The Mtricaria. Decandria. Lin. Si/sl. Monad elphia Identification. Desv. Ann. Sc. Nat, 4. p. 349. j Deo. Prod., 3. p. 97. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 72?. Synonymes. The species of TSmarix of authors that have monadelphous stamens. Uerivation, From murikey the Greek name of the tamarisk, derived from muro. to flow ; the species being generally found on the banks of running streams ; or from the flowing of the sap as manna. Gen. Char. Calyx 5-parted. Petals 5. Stamens 10, alternate ones shorter than the rest ; filaments monadelphous from the base to about the middle. Stigmas 3, sessile, in a head. Seeds inserted in a line along the middle of the valves, tufted at one end ; hairs of tuft feathery. (Don's Mill.) Leaves simple, alternate, exstipulate, evergreen ; linear or oblong, be- coming gradually broader towards the base, sessile. Floivers in simple, solitary, terminal spikes. Sub-evergreen shrubs, not growing to half the height of Tamarix gallica, and readily distinguished from it by their longer and thicker leaves, placed at a greater distance from one another on the stem ; and by their larger flowers, which have 10 stamens. Propagation and culture as in the preceding genus. m. 1. M. germa'nica Desv. The German Myricaria, or German Tamarisk. Identification. Desv. Ann. Sc. Nat., 4m). 349. ; Dec. Prod., 3. p. 97. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 727. Synonymes. -Tamarix germinica Lin. Sp. 386. ; Tamarfscus decfindrus Lam. Fl. Fr. ; Tamarix dec^ndra McBTich ; Tamariscus germSnicus Lob. Ic. 2. t. 218. ; Tamaris d'Allemagne, Fr. ; Deutschen Tamariskeo, Ger. \ Tamarigia piccola, Ital. Engravings. Mill. Ic, t. 262. f. 2. ; and our fig. 820. Spec. Char., Sfc. Fruticulose, glabrous. Leaves linear-lanceo- late, sessile. Spikes of flowers terminal, solitary. Brac- teas longer than the pedicels. Capsules ascending. (Dec. Prod.) An evergreen shrub, with upright slender branches. Europe, in inundated sandy places, and the banks of rivers ; and in Asia, on Caucasus, and the Himalayas. Height 6 ft. to 8 ft. Introduced in 1582. Flowers pinkish ; June to September. £ 2. M. DAHU^RICA Dec. The Dahurian Myricaria. Identification. Dec. Prod., 3. p. 98. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 728. Synanyme. Tamarix daharica WiUd. Act. Berol. No. 16. Engraving. Omfig. 821. from a specimen in Dr. Lindley'8 herbarium. Spec. Char., Src Shrubby, glabrous. Leaves linear, al- most oblong, sessile, slightly spreading. Spikes of flow- ers lateral, ovate-cylindrical, thick, blunt, with scales at the base. Bracteas extending as far as the flowers. (Dec. Prod.) Siberia, beyond the Baikal ; and in Dahuria. In- troduced in 1816, and closely resembling the preceding species. 820. M. germanica. 821. M. dahtirica. Order XXX. PHILADELPHA^CEiE. Obd. Char. Calyx tube turbinate, limb 4^10-parted. Petals 4 — 10, SBs'tivation convolutely imbricate. Stamens numerous. Styles distinct or combined. Stigmas numerous. Capsule half inferior, 10-celled, many-seeded. 460 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. Seeds subulate, heaped at the angles of the cells ; each furnished with a loose membranous aril. Albumen fleshy. Differs from JVl^rtaceae in the arillate albuminous seed, and in the toothed dotless leaves. (Don's Mill.) Leaves simple, opposite, exstipulate, deciduous ; toothed, serrated, or sometimes entire. Flowers large, white, showy. — Shrubs, natives of Europe, Asia, and America. Three genera are hardy in British gardens, which are thus contradistinguished : — Philadb'lphus. Calyx 4 — 5-parted. Petals 4 — 5. Stamens 20 — 40. Styles 4 — 5. Capsule 4 — 5-ceIled. Deu'tz/.4. Calyx 5 — 6cleft. Petals 5 — 6. Stamens 10 — 12. Filaments tricuspidate. Styles 3 — 4. Capsule 3 — 4-celled. Decuma'ria. Calyx 7—1 0-toothed. Petals 7 — 10. Stamens 21 — 30. Style 1. Capsule 7 — 10-celled. Genus I. § 1 m PHILADE'LPHUS L. The Philadelphus, or Mock Orange. Lin. Si/st, Icosandria Monogjnia. IdeHtiJkation. Lin. Geti., No. 614. ; Dec. Prod., 3. p. 205. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 807. Synonymes, Syringa Tourn. Inst. t. 389., not of Lin. ; Philadelphus, Fr. ; Pfeifenstrauch (Pipe Shrub), Ger. ; Flladelpho, Ital. ; Pipe Privet, Gerard ; the Syringa of the gardens. Derivation. Philadelphus is a name used by Athenjeus for a tree which cannot now be identiHed : Bauhin applied it to this genus. Instead of the common trivial name Syringa, applied to this genus in gardens, as its English name, we have substituted its generic name, Philadelphus j Syringa being the generic name of the lilac. Gen. Char. Calyx tube obovate, turbinate ; limb 4 — 5-parted. Petals 4 — 5. Stamens 20 — 40, free, shorter than the petals. Styles 4—5, sometimes connected, and sometimes more or less distinct. Stigmas 4 — 5, oblong or linear, usually distinct, rarely joined. Capsule 4 — 5-celled, many-seeded. Seeds scobiform, enclosed in a membi'anous arillus, which is fringed at one end. (Don's Mill.) Leaves simple, opposite, exstipulate, deciduous ; oval, acuminate, serrated or entire. Flowers white, usually sweet-scented, disposed in corymbose cymes, or somewhat panicled on the extremities of the lateral shoots, rarely axillary and bracteate. Deciduous shrubs, natives of Europe, North America, and Asia ; culti- vated for their very showy white flowers ; most of which have a strong scent, resembhng, at a distance, that of orange flowers, but, when near, disagreeably powerful. The species are in a state of utter confusion : there are probably only three: one a native of the South of Europe, or possibly of some other country ; one of North America ; and one, P. tomentosus, of Nepal. All the kinds are of the easiest culture in any tolerably dry soil ; and they are all propagated by layers, or by suckers or cuttings. § i. Stems stiff and straigJit. Flowers in Racemes. a 1. P. coronaVius L. The garland Philadelphus, or Mock Orange. Identification. Lin. Sp., 671. ; Schrad. Diss, s Dec. Prod., 3. p. 205. ; Don's Mill,, 2. p. 807. Synonymes. Syrtnga suav^olens Mtench Meth. 678. ; Wohlriechender, Pfeifenstrauch, Ger. ; Fioi angiolo, ItaU Engravings. Bet. Mag., t 391.; Schkuhr Handb., t.l21. ; Lam. 111., t.420. ; and am fig. 822. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves ovate, acuminate, serrately denticulate, 3-nerved, rather glabrous, but hairy upon the veins beneath ; inflorescence racemose. Flowers sweet-scented. Lobes of the calyx acuminate. Styles distinct XXX. PHILADELPHA CE^ I PHILADE'LPHUS. 461 82S. P. coronMus. almost from the base, not exceeding the stamens in height. {Dec. Prod.) A dense fastigiate bush. Native country uncertain ; according to some, the South of Europe, but not common there. Height 10 ft. to 12 ft. Introduced in 1596. Flowers white, sweet-scented ; May and June. Fruit brown ; ripe in September. Decaying leaves yellowish green. Varieties. This species varies' in having its leaves sometimes perfectly glabrous beneath, and some- times slightly pubescent along the nerves ; and, be- sides, as follows : — a P. c. 1 mlffdris Schkuhr Handb. t. 121., Lam. 111. t. 420., Dec. Prod. iii. p. 205. — A shrub of about the height of a man. Leaves ovate- , oblong, large, and rather distant. j» P. f. 2 ndntis Mill. Diet. 2. — A shrub, 2 ft. high ; its branches and leaves crowded, and its flower-bearing branches incurved. It very seldom flowers. a P. c. SJlore plena Lodd. Cat. is a dwarf plant, like the above, but with double flowers, s P. c. 4 variegdtus Lodd. Cat. has the leaves variegated with white or yellow, and is one of the few varieties of deciduous shrubs which preserve, through the summer, a tolerably healthy appearance with their variegation. The shoots are clothed with a white bark, and interiorly they have a very large pith. The leaves are rough, and of a deep green above, though they are pale beneath. The flowers come out from the sides and ends of the branches, in loose bunches, before any of the other species of the genus. The flowers sraell hke those of the orange, and the leaves taste like the fiuit of the cucum- ber. It will grow in almost any situation, whether open or shady ; and it is easily propagated by division of the root, and by suckers, layers, or cuttings. a 2. P. (c.) iNODo^Eus L. The scenAess-Jlowered Philadelphus.or Mock Orange. Identification. Lin. Sp., 671. ; Pursh Sept., 1. p. 329. ; Dec. Prod., 3. p. 206. Synffnymes. Syringa inodbra Mcench ; P. lixus in various English gardens ; Siiindia senz' odore, Ital. Engravings. Catesb. Car., 2. t. 84. ; Bot. Mag., t. 1478. ; and our Jfe-823. Spec. Char., Sfc, Leaves broad-ovate, acuminate, per- fectly entire, 3-nerved, usually feather-nerved. Flowers singly, or in threes. Style, at the very tip, divided into 4 oblong stigmas. {Dec. Prod.} A large rambling shrub. Apparently of garden origin, or possibly from North America. Height 5 ft. to 10 ft. Cultivated in 1738. Flowers large, white, scentless ; June and July. Fruit brown ; ripe in September. Not altogether so hardy as P. coro- "' ^■'''•"°° narius; though it appears to be only a variety of that species. m 3. P. (c.) Zey'heri Schrad. Zeyher's Philadelphus, or Mock Orange. Identification. Schrad. Diss. Philad. ; Dec. Prod., 3. p. 206., Don's Mill., £. p. 807. Ehgravir^s. Schrad. Diss. Fhilad. ic. ; and our Jig. 824. from the Museum of the Jardin des Plantes. l^ec Char., ^c. Not so tall as P. c. vulgaris. Leaves ovate, acuminate, serrately denticulate, rounded at the base, 3- 824. p. (c.) zeyheri. nerved, ''airy upon the veins beneath. Inflorescence some- 4-62 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. ■what racemose. Flowers fewer and larger than in P. c. vulgaris, and scent- less. Lobes of the calyx long, acuminate. Style deeply 4.-cleft. It differs from P. c. vulgaris, chiefly in its leaves being rounded at the base, and in its flowers being fewer, larger, and scentless. {Dec. Prod.) North Ame- rica. Horticultural Society's Garden. s 4. P. VERRUCo'sus Schrad. The warted Philadelphus, or Muck Orange. IdentMcation. Schrad. Diss. Philad. ; Dec. Prod., 3. p. 205. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. S07. Hynonyme. P. grandiBbrus LimU. Sol. Beg. t. 570., Lodd. Cat. ed. 1836. Engravings. Bot. Reg., t. 670. ; and oury^. 825. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves elliptic-ovate, acuminate, denticulate, pubescent with ■ hairs beneath, and bearing beneath, upon the midrib and primary veins, warts at the base of the hairs. Similar warts are, also, on the peduncles, pedicels, and calyxes. Inflorescence racemose. Lobes of the calyx acumi- nate. Style, at the very tip, 4-cleft. {Dec. Prod.) A large vigorous-grow- ing somewhat fastigiate shrub. North America, or possibly a garden pro- duction. Height 8 ft. to 10 ft. Culti- vated in 1800, or before. Flowers white; May and June. Fruit brown j ripe in September. Young shoots twice the thickness of those of P. coronarius, and having a somewhat more fastigiate habit. When in flower, this sort and the two fol- lowing make a splendid appearance ; the plants, in fine seasons, being so entirely covered with bloom as scarcely to show the leaves. 825. P. veinicdsus. 5. P. (v.) LATiFO^Lius Schrad. The broad-leaved Philadelphus, or Mock Orange. Identification. Schrad. Diss. Philad. ; Dec. Prod., 3. p. 206. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 807. Synoni/me. P. pubesceas Ceis. Hart. Lois. . Herb.Amat.t.lSSi. Engravings. Lois. Herb. Amat., t. 208. ; and omflg- 826. Spec. Char., Sfc. Bark whitish. Leaves broad-ovate, acuminate, toothed, nerved with about 5 nerves, and pubescent with hairs beneath. Flowers in racemes. Lobes of the calyx acuminate. Style 4-cleft at the very tip. (Dec Prod.) A large rambling shrub, but still somewhat fastigiate, and crowded with branches. North America, or probably a garden pro- duction. Height 10 ft. Cultivated in 1815, or before. Flowers white ; May and June. Fruit brown ; ripe in September. Distinguishable by its bark being whitish ; and by its leaves, especially those of the younger branches, being more broadly ovate; and by the hairs they bear not being based by v/arts. A tolerably distinct variety, splendid when in flower, p. (v.) latiffilius. XXX. PHILADELPHA CEjE : PHILADE'LPHUS. 462 a 6. P. (v.) flokibu'ndus Schrad. The abundant-flowered Philatlelphus, or Mock Orange. lOsntf/ication. Schrad. Diss. Philad. ; Dec. Prod., 3. p. 205. • Don's Mill., 2. p. 807. Engravings, Schrad. Diss. Fbilad., ic. ; and our Jig. 827. from a specimen in DeCandoUe's herbarium. Spec. Char., d^c. Leaves ovate-oval, and with a long acuminate tip, serrately toothed, 3-nerved, pubescent with hairs beneath. Inflorescence subracemose. Flowers 5 — 7, showy, slightly scented. Lobes of the calyx long and acumi- nate. Style 4-cleft at the very tip. {Dec. Prod.) A shrub like the preceding. Of uncertain origin. Cultivated in 1815 or before. a 7. P. sPECio'^sus Schrad. The showy;/?ow- ered Philadelphus, or Mock Orange. Jdentificatim. Schrad. in Dec. Prod., „ „ , , 3. p. 206. J Don's Mill., 2. p. 807. : '''• ^- """'""'i"- Bot. Reg., vol. 23. Synom/mes. P. grandiflbrus of German gardeners ; P. grandifldrus 15xub of other gardeners. Engravings Schrad. Diss. Philad., ic. j Bot. Reg., t. 2003. : and our Jfe. 828. Spec. Char., S^c. Leaves ovate, rarely oval-ovate, long acuminated, sharply serrate, toothed, clothed with hairy pubescence beneath. Flowers solitary or by threes. Style deeply 4-cleft, exceeding the stamens. Lobes of calyx with very long acumens, tube nearly terete. (Don's MUl.) A vigorous-growing shrub, with ascend- ing branches gently bending at their extremities, and loaded with snow-white flowers of the largest size and scentless. Origin uncertain. Height 10 ft. to 14 ft. p. apeci6tu«. Cultivated in 1815 or before. Flowers white ; June. The handsomest species of the genus, and at present rare in British gardens. Horticultural Society's Garden. a 8. P. Gojivosia''nus Lindl. Gordon's Philadelphus or Mock Orange. Iderttijicaiion. Lindl. in Bot. Reg., 1839, Ko. 32. Engravings. Bot. Reg., 1839, t. 32. ; and oar Jig. 829. Spec. Char., S[c. Branches pendulous, scaly, the young shoots pubescent. Leaves ovate, acute, coarsely den- tate, hairy beneath. Racemes terminal, compact, 5 — 9- flowered. Ovary half superior. Style 4-cleft. Calyx spread- ing from thefruit. (lAndl.) A hardy vigorous-growing shrub, having a weeping appearance in consequence of producing numerous slender side shoots. America, on the north- west coast, on the Columbia River, in woods. Height 8 ft. to 10ft. Introduced in 1823. Flowers white, scentless, very hairy ; end of July. Fruit large, smooth ; ripe in October. 829. p. notiomimu,. The leaves are bright green, rather small, ovate, pointed, 3-nerved at the base, and coarsely serrated. The flowers are large, pure white, and produced in great profusion. The species is readily known by its deeply serrated leaves, its nearly superior fruit, its broad spreading calyx, and the compact manner in which its flowers are arranged. It is the latest in flowering of all the species, and one of the most showy. It was not at all injured by the severe winter of 1837-8. It grows in any common soil, and is readily in- creased from seeds, or by cuttings of the half-ripened shoots in August. It was named in compliment to Mr. Robert Gordon, foreman of the arboretum, in the Hort. Soc. Garden, who has paid great attention to this genus. 830, P. lL\a& 4'64 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. § ii. Stems more slender, rambling, twiggy, and loose. Flowerf solitary, or '2 or 3 together. ^ 9. P. la'xus Schrad. The \oo&e-growing Philadelphus, or Mock Orange Identification. Schrad. Diss. Philad. j Dec. Prod., 3. p. 206. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 807. Synonvmes. P. hilmilis Horlul. ; P. pubescens Lodd. Cat. edit. 1836. Engravings. Schrad. Diss. Philad., ic. ; Bot. Reg., 1839, t. 39. i and our fig 830. from a plant IE the Horticultural Society's Garden. Spec. Char., S(c. Leaves oval-ovate and with a long acuminate tip, toothed, pubescent with hairs beneath. Flowers solitary, 2 or 3 together. , Lobes of the calyx very long, acuminate. Style 4-cleft. Stigmas about level with the stamens. {Dec. Prod.) A low straggling shrub. North America. Height 4 ft. to 5 ft., but covering double that space upon the ground with its long slender deep brown shoots. Introduced about 1830. Flowers white, most commonly solitary and alniost scentless. The leaves are smaller than is usual in the genus, very sharp-pointed, with the toothing unusually sharp ; the uppermost leaves become gradually narrow, till those immediately below the flowers are not unfrequently linear and entire. As this species leafs early, the young shoots are apt to be killed by frost, and when this takes place no flowers are produced that season, as it is from the ends of the lateral shoots that blossoms always appear in this genus. (Sot. Reg.) * 10. P. (l.) grandiflo^eus Willd. The large-flowered Philadelphus, or Mock Orange. Identification. Willd. Enum., 1. p. 611. ; Schrad. Diss. Philad. ; Dec. Prod., 3. p. 206. Synonym€». P. inodbrus Uortul. ; P. l&xus Lodd. Cat. edit. 1836. Engravings. Gulmp. Abb. Holz., t. 44. ; Schrad. Diss. Philad-, ic. j and our Jig. 831. Spec. Char., Src. Epidermis of the branches of a reddish brown colour. Leaves ovate, with a long acuminate tip, denticulate, 3-nerved, hairy upon the veins, and with groups of hairs in the axils of the veins. Flowers about 3 together, or solitary ; scentless. Lobes of the calyx long, acuminate. Styles concrete into one, which ex- s tends beyond the stamens. Stigmas 4, linear. (Dec. Prod. ) A vigorous-growing shrub. North America. Height 1 ft. to 1 3 It. Introduced in 1811. Flowers white ; June and July. We have given this description and figure from Schrader and Guimpel, because in 1837 there was a plant in the Hort. Soc. Garden which answered to '"■ J"- dO Br^mno™.. it, and which differs from P. speciosus in the leaves being nearly entire. ai 11. P. HiRSuVus N'utt. The haHry-leaved Philadelphus, or Mock Orange. Identification. Nutt. Gen. Am., 1. p. 301. ; Dec. Prod,, 3. p. 2':6. ; Don's Mill. 2. p. 808. Synonymes. P. villdsus Lodd. Cat. ; P. gracilis Lodd. Cat. Engravings. Wats, Dend. Brit., t, 47, ; and omftgs. 832, 833. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves oblong-ovate, acute, dentate, 5-nerved, hairy on both surfaces, whitish on the under one. Flowers singly, or by threes. Styles concrete to the tip. Stigmas undivided. (Dec. Prod.) A straggling sar- mentose shrub. America, in Tennessee. Height 3 ft. to 5 ft., but spreading XXX. philauelpha^cE;E: deu^tzm. 4^55 833. P. hlTsfltui. several times that distance by its long shoots, which sometimes grow from 6 ft. to 10 ft. in a season. Intro- duced in 1820. Flowers white, scentless; middle of July. Very hardy, uninjured by the winter of 1837-8, and striking readily from half-ripened cut- tings planted in sandy loam in shady situations and covered with a hand-glass. Grafted standard high, it would form a S52. p. hiisiiw.. very ornamental object. at 12. P. TOMENTO^sus Wall. The wooUy-Zeowii Philadelphus, or ilfocA Orange, Identification. Wall. Cat, 3658. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 807. St/nont/mes. F. nepalensis Lodd. Cat. edit. 1836; ? P. trifl&ruB Royle. Ejigravings. Royle Illust., t. 46. f. 1. ; out Jig. 834. from Royle; and Jig. 835. from a specimen in the Linnaean herbarium. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves ovate, acuminated, denti- culated; tomentose be- neath. Racemes terminal. Pedicels opposite. Lobes of calyx ovate, acute. (Doll's Mill.) A rambling shrub. Nepal and Kamaon. Height oft. to 6ft. In- troduced in 1822. Flow- ers white; July. P. triflorus, Royle observes, is, probably, only P. tomentosus in a less advanced state. According to Mr. Gordon, P. triflorus is very distinct from P. tomentosus, and quite hardy. P. mexicdnus Schlecht. in Linnsea 13. 418., Plant. Hart. 61., and Bot. Reg. Chron. 1840, No. 70., was raised from seeds in the Horticultural Society's Garden in 1840, and is probably hardy. Genus II. S34. P. tomentAsus. P. toment6lu>. DEU^TZJvl Thunb- The Deutzia. Lin. Syst. Decandria Trigynia. Identification. Thunb. Nov. Cen., 19. ; Jap. p. 10. i Juss. Gen., 431. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 808. Syiwnymes. Philadelphus in part, Leptospgrmum in part, derivation. Named in honour oljohn Deutz, a Dutch naturalist. Gen. Char. Calyx tube campanulate, tomentose ; limb 5 — 6-cleft. Petals 5 — 6, oblong. Stamens 10. Filaments tricuspidate. Styles 3 — 4, longer than the corolla. Stigma simple, club-shaped. Capsule globulai', truncate, perforated, somewhat 3-cornered, scabrous ; 3 — 4-valved, 3 — 4-celled. Seeds several in each cell. {Don's Mill.) Leaves simple, opposite, exstipulate, deciduous ; petiolate, ovate, acumi- nated, serrated, wrinkled, and veined ; scabrous from stellate fascicles of down. Flowers white, in compound panicles ; peduncles and pedicels tomentose and scabrous. — Much-branched shrubs, with the branches purplish and villous ; natives of Asia ; of the same culture as Philadelphus. H ri 466 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. at 1. 1). sca'bra. The scabrous Deutzia. Identiflcatitm. Lin. Syst., p. 425. ; Thunb. Jap., t. 185. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 803. Engravings. Thunb. Jap., t. 24. ; Bot. Reg., 1. 1718. ; and am fig. 836. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves ovate, acuminated, serrated, scabrous from stellate down. Flowers in compound panicles ; peduncles and pedicels scabrous. Calycine lobes short and bluntish. (Doris Mill.) A sar- mentose, showy, free-flowering shrub. Japan. Height 4 ft. to 6 ft. Introduced in 1822. Flowers white ; May and June. Fruit brown ; ripe in Sep- tember. Decaying leaves yellowish brown. Naked young wood purplish brown. J, 2. D. (s.) CORYMBO^SA. The corymhoss-Jlowered Deutzia. 836. Detitzia scabra. Identificaiim. R. Br. in Wall. Cat., 3662. ; Don's iMill., 2. p. 808. Symmymes. D . ca.nisce'aa Siebotdt ; i'hiladclphuB corjmbbsus Wall Engravings. Royle RliiSt., t. 46. flg. 2. ; and om fig. 837. Spec. Char., Sfc. Grlabrous. Leaves ovate, acuminated, cuspidately serrated. Panicles corymbose, trichoto- mous. Panicle and outside of calyx dotted. Teeth of calyx short and rounded. Teeth of filaments, shorter than the anthers. (Don's Mill.) A sarmentose shrub. Nepal, on mountains. Height 3 ft. to 4 ft. Introd. in 1830. Flowers white, sweet-scented, produced in abundance ; May and June. Fruit '?. Decaying leaves yellowish brown. Naked wood brown. D. staminea R. Br., Philad^lphus stamineus Wall., has entire, scabrous, lanceolate leaves, and white sweet- scented flowers. A native of Nepal, on high mountains ; but not yet introduced. D. Brunoma Wall., Leptospermum scabrum Wall., has ovate leaves, and axillary white flowers. It is a native of Kamaon, but has not yet been introduced. All these are pro- bably only varieties of one form. + 1 D. (s.) corymbosa. Genus III. .\] DECUMA^RIA L. The Decumaria. Monogynia. Lin. Syst. Dodec4ndria Identification. Lin. Gen., No. 697. i Lara. 111., t. 403. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 808. Synonyme. Forsythm Walt., not of Vahl. Derivation. From decuma, a tenth ; in reference to the prevailing number, in some of the parts of fructification, being ten. In DeCandoUe's description of the genus, it is stated that the teeth and nerves of the calyx, the petals, the stigmas, and the cells of the capsule, are each usually ten. Gen. Char. Calyx tube campanulate; limb 7 — 10-toothed. Petals oblong, equal in number to the teeth of the calyx, and alternating with them. Sta- mens thrice the number of the petals, disposed in one series. Style 1. Capsule ovoid, connate with the calyx. Seeds numerous, oblong. (^Don's Mill. ) Leaves simple, opposite, exstipulate, deciduous ; glabrous, entire or toothed at the apex. Flowers white, sweet-scented, disposed in terminal corymbs, sometimes dioecious. Leaf buds beset with short rufous pili. — Sarmentose shrubs, natives of North America. XXXI. NITRARIA CEiE : NITRA RIA. 467 80S. D. birbora. They will grow in any dry soil, and are readily propagated by cuttings of the half-ripened wood. jt 1. D- ba'kbara L. The barbarous Decumaria. Identificatim. Lin. Sp., No. 1668. j Pursh Sept., 1. p. 328. ; Dec. Prod., 3. p. 206. Synimi/mes. D. radlcans Masnch Meth. 17. ; D. Fors^Ch/a Mlchx. Fl. Bor, Amer. 1. p. 282. ; D. prostrata Lodd. Cat. Engravings. N. Du Ham., «. t. 20. ; and our Jigs. 838. and 839. Spec, Char., S[C. Leaves ovate-ob- long, acute at both ends, gla- brous, entire or toothed at the tip. Buds hairy with short ru- fous hairs. (Z>ec. Prod.) A sai'uientose shrub seldom seen in a vigorous state in British gar- dens. America, and Lower Ca- rolina, in shady woods. Height 4 ft. to 5ft.;' against a wall 10 ft. to 1 2 ft. Introduced in 1783. Flowers white, in corymbose panicles, sweet-scented ; July and August. Variety. .*■ D. b. 2 sarmentosa Dec. Prod. iii. p. 206. ; D. sarmentosa Bosc Act. Soc. Hist. Nat. Par. i. p. 76. t. 13., Pursh. Sept. 1. p. 328. ; Forsythia scandens Wa/t. Car. 134. — Lower leaves rounded; upper leaves ovate-lanceo- late. (Dec. Prod.) A native of moist shaded places in Virginia and Carolina, where, in company with 2izyphus volubilis, it ascends the tallest cypress trees in the cedar swamps. Larger in all its parts than the species. The flowers are only produced in favourable situations ; and the plant seldom rises above 4^ or 5 feet, in the open air, in the climate of London. Order XXXI. NITRARIAXE^. Ord. Char. Calyx 5-toothed, inferior, fleshy. Petals 5, inflexed ; aestivation valvate. Stamens 15. Anthers innate. Ovarium superior, 3- or more celled. Stigma ter'minated by as many lines as there are cells in the ova- rium. Fruit drupaceous, 1-seeded, opening by 3 or 6 valves. Albumen none. Diifcrs from i^icoideas in aestivation of petals, (ff. Don.) Leaves simple, alternate or opposite, exstipulate, deciduous ; small, generally in fascicles. Flowers small, greenish white. — Low shrubs, natives of Asia. Genus I. NITRA^RIA L. The Nitbaria. Lin. St/st. Dodecandria Monog/nia. Identificalion. Lin. Gen., No. 602. : Lara. 111., t. 403. ; Gajrtn. Fruct., l.t. .58. ; Dec. Prod., 3. p. 4.56. i Don's Mill., 3. p. 155. Derivation. So named by Schober, from one of the species being discoTered in certain nitre-works in Siberia, along with other saline plants. Gen. Char. The same as that of the order. Leaves simple, alternate or opposite, exstipulate, deciduous; oblong entire, small-fascicled. Flowers small, white, in panicled racemes. — Shrubs, with white bark ; natives of Siberia. H H 2 468 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BBITANNICUM. Seldom rising more than 3 ft. in height ; and, in Bi'itish gardens, thnvmg best in a dry soil, composed partly of lime rubbish, which should be, about once a year, strewed with a thin coat of salt. Propagated by cuttings. ji 1. N. Scho'Berz L. Schober's Ntraria. Identiflcalion. Lin. Sp., 638. ; Dec. Prod., 3. p. 466. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. l.W. Spec. Char., Src Leaves oblong, perfectly entire. Drupes, ovate. (Dec. Prod.) A low bushy shrub, varying with branches spiny, and ffranches smooth. Russia, in the neigh- bourhood of salt lakes. Height 1 ft. to 3 ft. Introd. in 1788. Flowers white ; May to August. Fruit blackish blue or red, rather larger than peas ; rarely seen in England. Varieties. jt N. S. I sibirica. N. sibirica Pall. Fl. Boss, t 30. f. A., and our Jig. 84.0.— Fruit of a blackish blue colour. Siberia. Hort. Soc. Garden. ji jV. S. 2 cdspica. N. caspica Pall. Flora Ross. t. 50. f. B., and our ^g. 841. — Fruit red. Leaves longer. Young branches pubescent. Fruit larger, and much more acute. Hort. Soc. Garden. 840. N. Schdberi sibMca. TV. tridentdta Desf., a native of Africa, is described in our first edition, but is rather tender in British gardens. Order XXXII. GROSSULA^CE^. Orb. Char. Calyx 4 — S-parted. Petals 5. Stamens 4 — 5. Anthers introrse. Ovarium 1-celled, with two opposite parietal placenta. Sti/le 2- 3-, or 4- cleft. Fruit succulent, crowned by the persistent calyx, many-seeded. Seeds arillate. Albumen horny. Differs from Cactacese in definite stamens, albuminous seed, calyx, corolla, and habit. ((?. Don.) Leaves simple, alternate, stipulate, deciduous ; lobed or cut, plaited when folded in the bud. Flowers axillary, or terminal, greenish, whitish yellow or red. — Shrubs ; natives of Europe, Asia, and North America ; all included in the genus Ribes, Genus I. RPBES L. The Ribes. Lin. Si/sf. Pentandria Monogynia. Identification. Lin. Gen., 281. ; Deo. Prod., 3. p. 477. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 177. Synonymes. GrossulSria Tourn. ; Chrysob6trya, Calobdtrya, Gore6sma, and lUbes Spach ; Gro- seiller, Fr. ; Johannisbeere, Ger. ; Kruisbes, Dutch ; TJva Spina, Ital. ; Grossella, Span. Derivaiton. The word Ribes is from the name of an acid plant mentioned by the Arabian physicians, which has been discovered to be the iZh^um Ribes ; Grossularia is from the Latin grossuliis, a little unripe fig. Gen. Char. The same as that of the order. XXXII. GROSSULA CE^ : RIBES. 469 Leaves simple, alternate, stipulate, deciduous; lobed or cut, plaited while in the bud. Flowers greenish white, yellow, or red ; very rarely uni- sexual. There is one bractea at the base of each pedicel, which is cut more or less ; and two much smaller ones, called bracteoles, under each ovarium. — Unarmed or spiny shrubs ; natives of Europe, Asia, and North America ; two of which (the common currant and gooseberry) are well known in British gardens, for their valuable fruits. Many of the sorts here set down as species are, we have no doubt, only varieties ; but, as we are not able to refer these to their aboriginal forms, we have followed the usual authorities, and more especially the nomenclature adopted in the Horticultural Society's Gai-den. All the species of Ribes strike root readily from cuttings ; and grow freely in any soil that is tolerably dry ; but, as they are only ligneous in a subordinate degree, and are but of a temporary duration under any circumstances, they require to be grown in dug beds or borders, and are, therefore, more fitted for scientific collections or flower-borders, than for general shrubberies, undug arboretums, or lawns. The most showy species are Ribes sanguineum and aureum, and their varieties. R. speciosum has a singular fuchsia-like appearance when in blossom ; and R. multiflorum, though the flowers are greenish, is remarkably elegant, on ac- count of the long many-flowered racemes in which they are disposed. § i. GrossularicE Ach. Rich. Gooseberries, Syjtonyjnes. Groseiller i Maquereau, Fr. ; Spina, Ital.i and Grosella, Span. Stachclbeere Strauch, G^r. ; KrvisbeSy Dutch \ Uva Sect. Char., Sfc. Stems, in most instances, prickly. Leaves plaited. Flowers in racemes ; 1, 2, or 3, in a raceme. Calyx more or less bell-shaped. (Dec. Prod., iii. p. 478. ) — Shrubs with prickles ; and with the leaves and fruit more or less resembling those of the common gooseberry. A. Flowers greenish white, ji 1. R. Oxyacanthoi'des L. The Hav/thorn-leaved Gooseberry. Identification. Pursh Sept., 2. p. 16.^. ; Berlandier in Mem. Soc. Phys. Gen., 3. pars 2., not o, Michaux. Engravings. Mem. Soc. Phys. Gen., 3. pars 2. t I. f. 1.; Dill. Elth., t. 139. p. 166. ; and our J!g.842. Spec. Char., ^c. Infra-axillary prickles larger, and mostly solitary ; smaller prickles scattered here and there. Leaves glabrous, their lobes dentate, ' their petioles villous, and a little hispid. Peduncles short, bearing 1 — 2 flowers. Berry globose, glabrous, purplish blue. (Dee. Prod.) A prickly shrub. Canada, on rocks. Height 2 ft. to 3 ft. In- troduced in 1705. Flowers greenish ; April. Fruit small, red and green, or purplish blue; ripe in August; and agreeable to eat. This shrub varies much in the number and colour of its prickles, and its more or less dense ramification and pubes- cence. The fruit resembles that of the common gooseberry. It is not common in British gardens, the R. oxya- canthoides of Michaux (R. lacustre Pair.) being diflerent from it. Perhaps it is only one of the wild states of the common gooseberry ; which varies so very much when in a state of culture, that it is reasonable to suppose that it will vary much also in a wild state. H H 3 812. A. oxyacanthSides. 470 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. ffi 2. R. sETO^suM Lindl. Tlie bri.stly Gooseberry. Identification. Lindl. Bot. Reg. j Hook. Fl. Amer., 1. p. 230. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 177. Engravings. Lindl. Bot. Reg., t. 1237. ; and ourj?^. 843. Spec. Char., Sfc. Branches beset with dense bristles. Pricliles unequal, subulate. Leaves roundish, cordate at the base, pubescent, 3 — 3-lobed, deeply crenated. Peduncles 2-flowered, some- times bracteate. Calyx tubularly campanulate, with the segments linear, obtuse, and spreading, tvyice the length of the petals, which are entire. Berries hispid. (Don's Mill.) A prickly shrub. North America, on the banks of the Saskat- chawan. ' Height 4 ft. to 5 ft. Introduced in 1810. Flowers greenish ; April and May. Fruit as in the preceding species. J, 3. R. TRIFLO^RUM 61. Enum. Hort. W. The 3-flowered Gooseberry. Dec. Prod., 3. 844. R. triflbrum. Identification. Willd. Enum., l.p. p. 479. i Don's Mill., 3. p. 177. ^yrumymes. R. stamineum Horn. Enum. Hort. Hajn. p. 237. i R t. mftjus Hort. Engravings. Mem. Soc. Phys. Gen., 3, pars 2. t. 1. f. 4. ; and our Jig. 844. Spec. Char., Sfc. Infra-axillary prickles soli- tary. Leaves glabrous, 3 — 5-lobed, incisely dentate. Peduncles bearing 1 — 3 flowers. Pedicels long. Bracteas membranaceous, sheathing. Calyx tubularly bell-shaped. Pe- tals spathulately obcordate. Berries reddish, glabrous. (^Dec. Prod.) A prickly shrub. North America. Height 3 ft. to 4 ft. Intro- duced in 1812. Flowers whitish ; April and May. Fruit reddish, glabrous ; ripe in July and August. Easily distinguished from R. C'ynosbati by its smooth fruit, narrow flowers, and exserted stamens, m 4. R. (t.) ni'veum Lindl. The snowy-flowered Ciirrant-like Gooseberr Identification. Lindl. in Bot. Reg., 1. 1692, Engravings. Bot. Reg., t. 1692. ; and our./t;r- 84.'S. Spec. Char., c^-c. Branches prickly, the prickles soli- tary, or in pairs, or in threes. Leaves glabrous, roundish, entire at the base, having in the out- ward part 3 blunt lobes that are crenately cut. Flowers about 2 together, on peduncles. Sepals re- flexed. Stamens very pro- minent, conniving, hairy, longer than the style. (Lindl.) A prickly shrub. North America, on the north-west coast. Height 4 ft. to 5 ft. Introd. 1826. Flowers white, pendulous ; April and May. Fruit deep rich purple, about the size of the black currant ; ripe in July and August. XXXII. grossula^cejE : ri''ses. 471 The bush bears some similarity to E. triflorum. The fruit resembles a small smooth gooseberry ; " but its flavour is very different : it is entirely des- titute of the flatness which is more or less perceptible in even the best goose- berries; in lieu of which it has a rich subacid, vinous, rather perfumed, flavour, which is extremely agreeable* The fruit is rather too acid to be eaten raw ; but, when ripe, it makes delicious tarts, and would, probably, afford an excellent means of improving the common gooseberry by cross breeding." (Lindt.) R. niveum, apart from these considerations (which, however, will probably lead to its culture in the kitchen-gai'den), is, from its white pendulous flowers, a valuable addition to our ornamental hardy shrubs. ji 5. a. (t.) Cyno'sbati L. The Dog-Bramble Gooseberry. Identification. Lin. Sp., 292. ; Dec. Prod., 3. p. 479. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 178. Svnonffme. R. ? triflbrum var. Engravings. Mem. Soc. Phys. Gen., 3. pars 2. t. 1. f. 3. ; and onr fig. 846. Spec. Char., ^c. Infra-axillary prickles 1 — 2. Leaves 3 — 1-lobed, softly pubescent. Peduncles bear- ing 2 — 3 flowers. Calyx canipanu- lately cylindrical. Petals small, much shorter than the stigmas and stamens. Style simple, toward the middle hairy, rarely glabrous. Berry prickly. {Dec. Prod.) A prickly si" nb. Canada, on mountains ; and 1 Japan. Height 3 ft. to 4 ft. In- jduced in 1759. Flowers whitish; April. Fruit reddish. Varieties. There are two forms of this species : — jt R. (<.) C. Ifructu glabra, with whitish flowers and smooth fruit. Native of Hudson's Bay. jt R. ('.) C. 2fructu aculeato, with prickly branches and fruit, and pubescent and purplish. Native of Lake Huron. Hardly differs from R. divaricatum, except in the broader tube corolla, and the shorter stamens. 846. R. (t.) CyncJsbati. flowers of the j« 6. R. (t.) divakica'tum Dougl. The spreading-AmncAffrf Gooseberry. Identification. Dougl. in Bot. Reg., 1 1359. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 178. ; Lodd. Cat., ed. 1836. Synonymes. R. ? triflbrum var. ; R. ? GrossulSria var. triAbra subvar. Engravings. Bot. Keg., t. 13.*i9. ; and our fig. 847. Spec. Char., Ifc. Branches divaricate, bristly, at length naked. Spines 1 — 3 together, axil- lary, deflexed, large. Leaves roundish, 3-lobed, deeply toothed, nerved, glabrous. Peduncles 3-flowered, drooping. Calyx funnel-shaped; with the segments at length spreading, and twice the length of the tube. Style and sta- mens exserted. (Don'« iW«V/.) A large prickly shrub, with ascending branches. North Ame- rica, on the north-east coast, common on the banks of streams near Indian villages. Height 5 ft. to 7 ft. Introduced in 1826. Flowers white ; April. Fruit black, smooth, spherical, agreeable to eat ; ripe in July. Nearly allied to R. triflorum, of which, like R. Cynosbati and some of the following sorts, it is, probably, only a variety. H H 4 847. it. (t.J divarlcMum. 472 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. J. 7. S. (t.) irri'guum Bougl. The well-watered Gooseberry. lientijication. Dougl. in Hort. Trans., 7. p. 516. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 178. Synonmne. R. ? trifldrum var. Engraving. Omfig. 848. from a plant in the Horticultural Society's Garden Spec. Char., ^c. Prickles axillary, ter- nary. Leaves cordate, somewhat 3- lobed, toothed, ciliated, pilose on both surfaces, nerved. Peduncles 3- flowered, beset with glandular hairs. Calyx campanulate. Segments linear, about equal in length to the tube. Berries glabrous, spherical, half an inch in diameter, smooth, juicy, and well- flavoured. {Don's Mill.) A prickly shrub. America, on the north-west coast, on moist mountains and rocks, near springs and streams. Height 3 ft. to 4 ft. Introduced in 1820. Flowers white ; April. Fruit reddish, glabrous 848. R-lt-Mrriguul ripe in August. J, 8. R. hirte'llum Mkhx. The slightly ha\ry-branched Gooseberry. Identification. Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer., 1. p. 111. ; Dec. Prod., 3. p.479. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 178. Engraving. Ouvjig. 849 . from a specimen in the Lambertian herbarium. Spec. Char., S^c. Spines infra-axillary. Branches sparingly hispid, with short hairs. Leaves small, cleft half-way down into 3 dentate lobes. Peduncles 1 -flowered. Berries glabrous. {Dec. Prod.) A prickly shrub. Canada and Virginia, on rocky mountains. Height 3 fl. to 4ft. Introduced in 1812. Flowers greenish white ; April and May. Fruit red ; ripe in August. 849. A.hirt^Uum- 9. R. gra'cile Michx. The AenAev-hranched Gooseberry. Dec. Prod., 3. p. 479. Identification. Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer., 1. p. 111. ; Pursh Fl. Amer. Sept. Engraving. Out fig. 850. from a specimen in the Lambertian herbarium. Spec. Char., Sfc. Infra-axillary spine very short. Petioles of leaves slender. Disks cut into acute lobes. Peduncles slender, upright, bearing about 2 flowers. Calyx glabrous, tubularly bell-shaped. Berries glabrous, purple or blue ; of exquisite flavour. (^Dec. Prod.) A prickly shrub. North America, on the mountains of Tennessee, and in mountainous meadows from New York to Virginia. Height 3 ft. to. 4 ft. Introduced in 1812. Flowers 860. R.ts,ici\e. whitlsh ; April and May. Fruit purple or blue, high- flavoured ; ripe in July and August. J, 10. if. ACicuLA^RE Smith. The acicular spined Gooseberry. Identification. Smith in Rees's Cycl. ; Don's Mill., 3, p. 178. Synonyme. R. UVa-crispa Sievers in Pall. Nord. Beytr. 7. p. 274., ? Pall. Ft. Ross. 2. p. 37. Engravings, Led. Fl. Ross. Alt. 111., t. 230.; and our J?g. 851 . Spec. Char., S^c. Very prickly. Prickles sti- pular, 3 — 5-parted. Leaves rather pubescent, nearly orbicular, 3— 5-lobed. Lobes bluntish, deeply serrated. Peduncles usually l-flowered, bracttfolate in the middle. Calyx campanulate, smoothish. Berries bractless, and, as well as the 8si. h. adcnikre. XXXU. GROSSULA'CEiE : RIBES. Alfi styles, quite glabrous. Stem erect or procumbent. Petals white. Berries glabrous. (^Don's Mill.) A prickly shrub. Siberia, on stony; rocky, moun- tainous places. Height 1 ft. to 2 ft. Introduced ? 1815. Flowers whitish; April and May. Fruit yellowish or purplish ; grateful to the taste ; ripe in July and August. Horticultural Society's Garden. ji 11. R. Grossula'ria L. The common Gooseberry. Identification. Lid. Sp., p. 291. ; Smith's Engl. Bot., t. 1292. j Don's Mill., 3. p. 179. St/nonymes. B. UVa-crfspa (Ed. Fl. Dan. 546. ; Grossulkria hirsiita Mill. Diet. No. 2. ; R. UVa- crispa var. 5. satlva Dec. Ft. Fr. 4. p. 408. ; Feaberry, Cheshire and the North of Eiigtand ; Feabes, Norfolk ; Grozert in Scotland ; Groseiller a Maquereau, Fr. ; Grisdle in Piedmont j gemeine Stachelbeere, Ger. ; Uva Spina, Ital. Derivation. UVa-crispa signifies the rough grape. Feaberry is a corruption of fever -berry, from the fruit being formerlj;, according to Gerard, considered a specific against fevers ; Feabes, or Feapes, is an abbreviation of feaberry. Grozert is evidently taken from the French name. Groseiller S Maquereau is from the Latin name Grossul^ria, arid the use made of the fruit as a sauce for mackerel. Stachelbeere signifies prickly berry ; and Uva Spina, the prickly grape. Gooseberry is from gorse berry, from the prickliness of the bush resembling that of the gorse, or furze ; or, more probably, from the use made of the fruit as a sauce to young, or green. geese. Engravings. Eng. Bot, 1. 1292. ; and our^. 852. Spec, CkaT., Sfc. Prickles 2 or 3 under each bud. Branches otherwise smooth, and spreading or erect. Pedicels 1 — 2-flowered. Leaves 3 — 5- lobed, rather villous. Bracteas close together. Calyx campanulate, with reflexed segments, which are shorter than the tube. Petals rounded at the apex, glabrous, but bearded in the throat. Style always beset with long down. (Son's Mill.) A prickly spreading shrub. Europe and Nepal, in woods and hedges. Height 2 ft. to 4 ft. Flowers greenish ; April. Fruit com- monly red, sometimes yellow or green ; ripe in August. Varieties. j4 R. (?. 2 ITva-crispa Smith Engl. Fl. ii. p. 333. ; R. UVa crispa Lin. Sp. 292., Smith Engl. Bot. t. 2057. (our Jig. 852.); UVa-crispa Fuch. Hist. t. 187. ; UVa spina Math. 151. f. 1. ; R. UVa-crlspa var. 1 sylvestris has the berries smooth. R. G. 3 spinoslssima Berl. MSS. has the branches thickly beset with spines. R. G. 4 reclindta Berl. MSS., R. reclinatum Lin. Sp. 291., GroSsularia recUnata Mill. Diet. No. 1., has the ' branches rather prickly, and reclinate. R. G. 5 .Besseriana Serl. MSS., R. hybridum Besser Prim. Fl. Gall. Austr. p. 186., has the branches prickly, and the fruit pubescent, intermixed with glandular b. G.'uTa. bristles. Native of Cracow, in hedges. «''»p»- R. G. 6 siibinermis Berl. MSS. — Plant nearly glabrous. Bark smooth, brown. Prickles axillary. Flowers and leaves small. Native about Geneva. Perhaps a subvariety of R. G. reclinata. R. G. 7 macrocdrpa Dec. Prod. iii. p. 478. — Stigmas often longer than the petals. Flowers and berries large. R. G. 8 bractedta Berl. MSS. — Berries clothed with 2—4 — 5 straight, coloured, nearly opposite, bracteas and bristles, resembling sepals, which fall off before the berry arrives at maturity. {Don's Mill.) R. G, 9 hmalaydnus, R. himalayanus Royle, was raised in the 852. R, Grossul^a. Valgr. 1. t. Berlandier 474 ARBORETUM ET FBUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. Horticultural Society's Garden in 1838, and seems hardly different from the species. (Gard. Mag., 1839, p. i.) Other Varieties. Till lately, botanists made even the rough and the smooth- fruited kinds of the cultivated gooseberry two distinct species, as may be seen by the synonymes to R, tTva-crlspa above ; though it was re- corded by Withering, that seeds from the same fruit would produce both rough and smooth-fruited plants. If varieties were to be sought for among the sorts in cultivation, they would be found almost without number. The following selection of garden varieties has been made solely with refer- ence to the habit of growth of the plants : — Tlie Red Champagne, or Ironmonger, has the branches erect and fasti- giate, and will form a handsome bush, 6 or 7 feet high. Horseman's Green Gage is a most vigorous-growing plant, with a spread- ing head, and will form a bush 10 ft. high. The Red Rose is a vigorous-growing bush, with a pendulous head, but seldom rising higher than 3 ft., unless trained to a stake to some height before it is allowed to branch out. B. Flowers red. 12. R. SPEcio^suM Pursh. The showy-cowered Gooseberry. Dec. Prod., 3. p. 478. flfc. I'rod. 3. p. 477. ; Don'sMill., 3. p. 185. ?R. iMChBiSides FI. Mey ., Tdent^caiion. Pursh Fl. Amer. .Sept., 2. p. 731. Synont/mes. R. stamineum Smith in Rees^s Cycl. ic. ined. ; R. triac5nthum Menzies. Engravings. Sw. Fl.-Gard., 2d ser., t. 149. ; and our fig. 854. Sj)ec. Char., 6,0. Shrub pi'ickly. Prickles infra-axillary, triple. Branches hispid. Leaves with petiole short, and disk wedge-shaped at tlie base, rounded at the outer end, indistinctly 3-lobed, incisely crenate, glabrous, and nerved. Peduncles longer than the leaves, and bearing 1 — 3 flowers. Pedicels and germens hairy with glanded hairs. Bracteas rounded or very obtuse. Flowers of a deep red. Calyx cylin- drical. 4-parted ; Ihe lobes oblong, ob- tuse. Petals of the length of the lobes of the calyx. Stamens 4 ; in length double that of the calyx. Filaments red. Style as long as the stamens, simple, red. (Dec. Prod.) A very prickly-branched shrub, with a brownish red aspect. A[iierica, on the western coast, and in California. Height, in a wild state, 3 It. to 4 ft. ; :n cultivation twice that height in rich deep soil. Introduced in 1829. Flow- ers deep red ; May and June. Fruit red ; ripe ?. The shining leaves and large crimson glittering blossoms (resembling those of the fuchsia) of this species render it a most desirable acquisition to the flower-garden and shrubbery. The leaves, in favourable situations, are fre- quently retained during great part of the winter ; so that it may almost be considered as an evergreen. It will grow by cuttings of the old or young wood, but not so readily as most other species ; and, therefore, it is generally pro- pagated by pegging down the shoots quite flat, and covering them with an inch of soil, as recommended for the propagation of the common plum for stocks. Plants of this species do not grow so rapidly as most others of the gooseberry sections ; and their branches arch over and droop in such a manner, as not to display the flowers to advantage, unless the branches are raised at least to the level of the eye. For this reason, the plant ought either to be grown on elevated rockwork, or trained to an espalier or wall. XXXII. GROSSULA CEJE : RI BES. 475 s 13. R. Menzie'sit Ph. Menzies's Gooseberry. Identification. Pursh Sept.. 2. App, p. 732. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 185. Synonyjne. R, fdrox Smith in Rees^s Cycl. Engraving, Ourjig. 8.')5. from a specimen in the Lambertian herbarium. Spec. Char., and singularity of its fruit. R. r. 5 album Desf Cat. Bot. p. 1 64. — Berries white. R.r. 6 foliis luteo variegdtis Du Ham. has the leaves variegated with yellow, and the fruit red. at R. r. 7 foliis dlbo variegdtis Du Ham. has the leaves variegated with white, and the fruit white, as R. r. 8 sibiricnm Oldaker. The Russian currant. — Of vigorous growth. The propagation, culture, &c., of the currant, as a fruit shrub, will be found given at length in our Encyclopcedia of Gardening, and in our Suburban Ilorli. culiurist. J, 19. R. (r.J alpi^num L. The alpine red Currant. Identification. Lin. Sp., 291. ; Dec. Prod., 3. p. 480, ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 186. Symmyme. R. diotcum Masters. Engravings. Schmidt Batun., t 96. ; and our^. 861. Spec. Char., ^c. Leaves with 3 — 5 lobes, ob- tuse, hairy above, shining beneath. Racemes grouped. Bracteas lanceolate, inflated, spar, ingly glandulose, mostly larger than the flowers. Petals minute, as if in abortion. Anthers more or less sessile. Styles con- nate. Berries red. {Dec. Prod.) A spreading shrub. Alps of Europe and Si- It 861. A.(r.}alp)nuin. 478 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. beria ; and found in Britain, in woods, both in England and Scotland, Height 3 ft. to 4 ft. Flowers greenish yellow ; April and May. Fruit red ; ripe in July. Varieties. Berlandier has described two forms of the species, and Dr. Lindley has added a proper variety. ^ R. (r.) a. 1 sterile Wallr. Sched. p. 108. R. dioicum Manch Meih. — Flowers many in a raceme, and densely disposed, flat, destitute ot a gernien, soon falling off. Anthers almost sessile, acute, bearing pollen. Sched. p. 108. — Flowers few in :i Anthers upon obvious filaments, ? im- R. (r.) a, 2 bacciferum Wallr. raceme, rather salver-shaped . perfect. Style bifid to a small extent. Germen obvious. R ()'.) a. 3 pumilum Lindl. in Hort. Trans, vii. p. 244., and our Jig. 862. — In every re- spect the same as the species, but not one third of the size, never exceeding 2 ft.in height, even when cultivated in gar- dens. The leaves are deeply cut, the flowers small, and the fruit seldom produced. R. ()•.) a, 4- folUs variegatis Hort. has variegated leaves Society's Garden. R. R. (r.) a. pumilum. Horticultural 20. R. (r.) petr^'um Wtdf. Th§ rock red Currant. Identlfiiation. Wulf. in Jacq. Misc., 2. p. 36. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 'IS?. Synonymts. 2i. alpinum Delarb. Auvergn. p. 166. ; Ribes coralline, Ital. ; the woolly-leaved Cur- rant, the red Marshmallow-leaved Currant. Engravings. Eng. Bot., t. 705. ; and onrjig. 863. Spec. Char., S^c. Leaves acuminated, 3 — 3- lobed, rather cordate, deeply serrated, on long petioles, pilose above. Racemes erect, crowded, rather pubescent. Brac- teas shorterthanthepedicel. Sepals obtuse. Petals obcordate, small, white. Berries large, deep red, with an acid taste. Fruiting racemes pen dulous. {Don's Mill.) A spread- 1,''^ ff ing.shrub. Alps of Carinthia, Savoy, and on K^ £ almost all the mountains of the continent of Europe. In England, it is found near Eg- gleston and Conscliffe, in the county of Durham ; and in Scotswood Dean, North- umberland. Height 3 ft. to 4 ft. Flowers greenish yellow; May. Fruit red ;. ripe in July. m 21. R. (r.) spica^tum Robs. The spiked-cowered red, or Tree, Currant. Idenfijication. Robs, in Lin. Trans., 3. p. 240- t. 21.; Smith Engl. Bot., t 1290. : Don's Mill., 3. p. 18?. Symmyme. The Tree Currant Bngravings. Lin. Trans., 3. p. 240. t. 21 Eng. Bot., t. 1290. - ■ - - - - - and our^. 864. i. R. (r.) petne^um. Berl., I.e., t.2. f. 16. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves roundish- cordate, 3 — 5-lobed, covered with soft hairs above, and with tomen- tum beneath. Racemes erect. 864. il. (r.)spio&tum. XXXII. GnOSSULA^CEJE : HI £ES. 479 Flowers more or less pedicellate. Bracteas obtuse, tonientose, much shorter than the pedicels. Sepals roundish-cuneated. Petals oblong. Styles bifid. Berries glabrous, globose, and in colour and taste resembling those of R. rii- brum. (Don's MM.) An upright shrub. North of England, in woods near Richmond in Yorkshire, and Piersbridge and Gainford in Durham. Height 4ft. to 6 ft. Flowers greenish yellow ; April and May. Fruit red; ripe in July. The tree currant affords a fruit rather smaller, and more acrid, than the common red currant ; but by crossing and cultivation it might, no doubt, be greatly improved ; and, from its comparatively tree-like habits, might be a more convenient fruit shrub in respect to the crops around it. jj 22. R. (r.) cakpa'thicum Kit. The Carpathian red Currant. Identification. Kit. in Schultcs CEstr. Fl., 2. ed. 1. p. 438. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 187. Synonyme. B. acerrimum Rochet ex Stem, et Schultes 5. p. 493. Engraving. Our^. . in p. Spec. Char., Src Stem erect. Leaves 5-lobed, cordate. Racemes pendulous, and, as well as the calyxes, pubescent. Petals flattish, smaller than the calyx. (Don's Mill.) Carpathian Mountains. Height 4 ft. Perhaps only a variety of R. riibrura. s 23. R. (r.) multiflo^rum Kit. The many-flowered red Currant. Identification. Kit in Rcem. et Schultes Syst., 5. p. 493., but not of H, B. et Kunth ; Don's Mill. 3^ p. 187. Synonymes. R. spicStum Schultes CEstr. FL ed. 1, p. 433. ; R. uitiRJliutn Hort. Engravings. Bot. Mag., t. 2368. ; and our Jig. 866. Spec. Char., S;c. Leaves 5-lobed, cordate, tomentose beneath. Racemes very long, pendulous, drooping. Bracteas shorter than the flowers. Petioles length of leaves. Petals wedge- shaped. Styles bifid, and some- times distinctly trifid. (Don's Mill.) A spreading shrub, with vigorous branches and large leaves. Croatia. Height 4 ft. to 6 ft. Inti-oduced in 1822. Flow- ers greenish yellow ; April and May. Fruit small, red ; ripe in July. 866. R ^r.) mulUflinTini. The long racemes of flowers, the vigorous growth of the shoots, the large leaves, and the luxuriant habit of the plant, altogether render this a very orna- mental sort. From the luxuriance of the flowers and leaves, and of the plant generally, fruit is seldom produced ; and, when it appears, it is generally of small size. On account of the gracefulness of the long drooping racemes of flowers, it well deserves a place in collections. _a 24. R. (b.) albine'rvum Michx. The y/hite-neived-leaved red Currant. Ideniificalion. Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer., i. p. 110. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 187. Engraving. Oury!j.2092 in p.1107. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves short, petiolate, deeply and acutely lobed, smoothish, with whitish nerves. Racemes recurved. Flowers small. Berries red, glabrous. (Don's Mill.) A shrub. Canada and the Catskill Mountains, in the state of New York. Height 4ft. Introduced?. Flowers greenish yellow ; April and May. Berries red ; ripe in July. ^ 25. R. acumina'tum Wall. The 'pomtei-leaved Currant. Identification. WaU. Cat. ; Koyle lUust., p. 225. ; Don's Mill.. 3. p. 187. Engraving. Our fig. 866. from a specimen in the I.innxan herbarium. 480 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICOM. Spec. Char., S^c. Branches glabrous. Leaves glabrous above, but with a few scattered hairs beneath, 3 — 5-lobed; lobes acuminated, serrated. Raceme's axillary, erect. Peilun,cles pubescent. Berries nodding. Calyx campa- nulate. Petals rounded at the apex. {Don's Mill.) A smooth shrub. Nepal, on Sirmore and Emodi. Height 4 ft. to 6 ft. Introduced ? in 1837. Flowers greenish yellow ; April and May. Fruit red, about the size of that of the red currant ; ripe in July. 26. R. (r.) tri'fidum Michx. Currant. The tn^A-calyxed red Identification. Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer. p. 110. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 186. Engraving. Our Jig. 867. from a specimen in Sir W. J. Hooker's herbarium. A. (r.) acuminatum. R. (r.) Mfidum. Spec. Char., cj-c. Leaves smooth, moderately lobed. Racemes loosely many-flowered, pubescent. Flow- ers small. Calycine segments rather trifid. Ber- ries hairy, red. Lobes of leav.es acutish. Ra- cemes weak, nearly like those of R. rubrum, but the flowers smaller. Petals purplish, spathulate, rounded at the apex. (Don's Mill.) A prostrate shrub. North America, near Quebec, and at Hud- son's Bay. Height 1 ft. to 2 ft. Introduced in 1823. Flowers purplish ; April and May. B. Flowers greenish yellow, sometimes with the Tips of the Sepals and Petals red. Fruit hlach. at 27. R. Ni^GRUM i. The black Currant, Jdentification. Lin. Sp., 291. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 190. Synont/mes. R. 61idum Mcpnch Meth. 683. ; Capis and Poivrier, Fr. ; Ger. ; Ribes nero, ItaL Engravings. Engl. Bot., t. 1291. ; and omfig. 868. schwartze Jo'nannisbeere Spec. Char., S/c. Leaves dotted from glands beneath, 3 — S-lobed. Racemes loose. Bracteas minute, subulate or obtuse, much shorter than the pedi- cels. Petals oblong. Calyx campanulate, with reflexed segments. Flowers whitish, or yellowish green. Calyx often of a rich brownish red colour, or pink. Stamens sometimes more than 5, in which case there are fewer petals ; so that when there are 10 stamens there are no petals. This change of petals into stamens k just the reverse of the process by which single flowers become double; and it is the only fact of the kind which has hitherto been observed. Stigmas bifid. Berries globose, black, glandular. (Don's Mill.) A shrub with smoothish branches, strong-smelling leaves. XXXII. GROSSULACE^: SI B£S. 481 Europe. Height 4 ft. Flowers yellowish green ; April and May. Fruit dark purple ; ripe in June and July. Varieties. at R. K. 3 bdcca Jlmida Hort. — Supposed to be a hybrid between the black and white currants, and to have been originated near Bathj previously to 1827. The fruit is of a dingy greenish yellow ; but the plant has the habit and general appearance of R. nigrum. jt U. n. 3 bdcca mridi Hort. has the fruit green when ripe. This variety is common in Russia in a wild state. Hort. Soc. Garden. as R. n. ^folm variegdtis Vilm. — Leaves variegated with yellow streaks. Garden Vatieties. Six of these are enumerated in the Horticultural So- ciety's Fruit Catalogue of 1831, the best of which are the black Naples and the large black. The fruit of the former variety is very large and handsome, more especially when the plant is grown in deep rich soil, and in a situation rather shady and moist. The leaves, fruit, and the entire plant are powerfully diuretic. The treat- ment of the black currant, as a fruit tree, will be found in the Encyclopcedia of Gardening, and in the Suburban Horticulturist . ji 28. R. (n.) tri'ste Pall. The ssii-coloured, or dark-blossomed, black Currant. Identification. Pall. Nov. Act. Pet., 10. p. 378. ; Don's MUl., 3. p. 189. SifTUmyjne. R. altMcum Lodd. Cat. Engraving. Oxiifig. 869. from a living specimen. Spec. Char., ^c. Leaves 5-lobed. Branches simple, twiggy, bearing leaves and racemes of flowers at the apex. Racemes pendulous, both when in flower and in fruit. Corollas flattish, of a dull brownish red on the outside, and yellowish inside. Petals revolute. Berries small, black, insipid. Root creeping. (Don's Mill.) A low shrub. Siberia, on the Mongol Mountains. Height 2 ft. to 3 ft. Introduced in 1820. Flow- ers brownish red and yellow ; April and May. ^''- «(°)--ri'- Fruit black; ripe in July. Differs from R. nigrum only in the dull brown colour of the flowers. as 29. R. (n.) flo'ridum L'Herit. The flowery black Currant. Identification. L'Herit. Stirp., 1. p. 4. ; Ph. Sept., 1. p. 164, ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 190. Suvonumes. R. nigrum 2. Lin. Sp. 291. ; B. pennsylvanicum ham. Diet. 3. p. 49. ; R. recur. vatum Michx. Ft. Bar. Amer. 1. p. 109., according to Torrey ; Kibismm nigrum, &c., DM. Eltli. 2. t. 244. f. 31.^. Engravings. Schmidt Baum., t. 92. ; and out Jig. 870. Spec. Char., ^c. Leaves full of resinous glands, 3 or 5-lobed, cordate, doubly serrated. Ra- cemes pendulous, pubescent. Bracteas linear, longer than the pedicels. Caljx tubularly campanulate, glabrous : with the segments ob- tuse, and at length reflexed. Germens and black berries oval-globose, glabrous. This is in many respects nearly allied to R. nigrum; but its more copious and denser flowers, and especially their long bracteas, and more tubular calyxes, will alwayis distinguish it : the solitary pedicel, too, at the base of the flowers, is want- ing in this species. Petals oblong,rather erose at the apex; greenish yellow. (i)ore'« MUl.) A large shrub. Canada to Virginia, in hedges and woods. Height 4ft. to 6 ft. Introduced in 1729. Flowers pale yellow; April and May. Fruit black ; ripe in July. 870. n. (n.) fldrldum. 482 AKBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. Varieties. St R, (n.) f. 2 grandiflorum Hort. I. p. 110., Ph. Sept. i. p. 136.- those of the species. Sfe R. (h.) /. 3 parvijlbrum Hort. R. rigens Michx. Fl. -Flowers and racemes i?. americanum Bar. Amer larger than Mill., li. pennsylvanicnm Cels., if. campanulatum fTT"' Hort.- — Flowers smaller, and the racemes shorfer. " 30. R. (n.) procu'mbens Pall. black Currant. The procumbent Identification. Pall. Fl. Ross,. Synxmyme. B. polycarpon Gmel. Engravings. PalL Fl. Ros., 2. p. 33. p. 3.5. t. 65. i Don's Mill.. 3. p. 186. Syst. yeg.f. 419. 65. J and our J^. 871. bluntly lobed ; lobes serrated. 871. J{. (n.) procdmbenit. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves lateral ones a little cut. Racemes erect. Peduncles long, setaceous. Segments of the limb of the flower pubescent, acute, of a purplish colour. Anthers hardly rising from the calyx. Flowers' flattish. Berries very grateful to the taste, rufescent when ripe. (Don's Afill.) A procumbent shrub. Siberia, in moist places. Height 1ft. to 2 ft. Introduced in l^Oi. Flowers greenish yel- low ; May and June. Fruit brownish ; ripe Aug. J; 31. R. (n.) prostra^tum Lin. The prostrate black Currant. Identification. L'Herit. Stirp., 1. p. 3. t. 2. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 186. Stfnonymcs. R. glandulbsura Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 1. p. 279. i R. canadeilse X.odd. Engravings. Schmidt Baura., t. 95. ; and our fig. 872. Spec. Char., Ifc. Leaves deeply cordate, S — 7-lobed, glabrous. Lobes acutely cut, doubly serrate, naked on both surfaces. Racemes erect, loose, slender. Brac- teas small, obtuse, much shorter than the pedicels, which are beset with glandular bristles. Calyx ro- tate. Germens and berries beset with ghmdular bristles. Berries large and black. (Don's Mill.) A prostrate shrub. Newfoundland, throughout Canada, and in the woods on the Rocky Mountains. Height 1ft. to 3 ft. Introduced in 1812. Flowers greenish yellow ; April and May. Fruit black ; ripe in July. Varicti/. jt R. (n.) p. 2 laxifloriim. R. afB^ne Doug/. MSS., R. laxiflorum Pur.^h Fl. Amer. Sipl. ii. p. 731. — Racemes pubescent. Pedicels divaricate. A very distinct sort. North-west coast of a 32. R. (n.) RBSiNo'suM Pursh. The resinous black Currant. Identification. Pursh Fl. Amer. Sept., 1. p. 163. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 186. Synonpmes. R. orieutale Catros ; R. reclinStum Hort. Engravings. Bot. Mag., t. 1583. ; Berl., 1. c, t. 2. f. 10. ; and our j^. 873. Spec. Char., Sfc. All herbaceous pqrts of the shrub bear hairs tipped with resinous glands. Leaves 3— 5-lobed, roundish. ' Racemes erect. Calyx flattish. Petals bluntly rhomboid. Bracteas linear, longer than the pedicels. Flowers greenish yellow. ? Berry hairy and black. Perhaps the flowers are dioecious. (Don's Mill.) A spreading shrub. North America, on the mountains. Height 3 ft. to 5 ft. Introduced in 1800. '"■"■'"•' "™'"'""- Flowers greenish yellow ; April and May. Fruit black ; ripe in July. j4 33. R. (n.) puncta'tum Ruiz et Pav. The dotted-leaved black Currant. Identification. Ruiz et Pav. Fl. Per., 2. p. 12. t. 233. f. a. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 187, Synonyme. R. glandul&sum Ruiz et Pavon Fl. Per. t. 233. f. 6., but not of Alt. ; Don^t MilL 3 p. 189., on the authority of Mr. Gordon, of the Horticultural Society. ' * XXXn. GROSSULA CEiE : Rl BES. 483 874. R. (n.) puncUitum. Engravings. Lindl. Bot. Reg., t. 1278. and 1658. ; and our jSgs.. 874, 876. Spec. Char., Sjc. Leaves 3- lobed, serrated, beset with resinous glands beneath, as are also the bracteas. Ra- cemes longer than theleaves, either drooping or erect. Bracteas cuneate-oblone, obtuse, at length reflexed. Calyx campanulate, yellow- ish. Berries oblong, hairy, black, and dotted. Petals small, yellow. (Jiorls Mill.) A sub-evergreen shrub. S75. h. (n.) punciitutt Chili, on hills. Height 3 ft. to 4 ft. Introduced in 1826. Flowers yellow : April and May. Fruit black ; ripe in July. The leaves are shining, and of a yellowish green, and, when rubbed, have an agreeable odour. The short close bunches of rich yellow flowers are pro- duced in the axils of the leaves. The plant throws up suckers from the roots : a circumstance which distinguishes it from almost every other species of the genus in British gardens. Dr. Lindley has given two figures of this species in the Botanical Register : one, t. 1658., of the wild plant, in which the spikes are pendulous, or nodding ; and the other, t. 1278., of' the cultivated plant, in which the spikes are erect. He observes that it is hardy enough to live in a dry border without protection, and that it is a rather pretty evergreen shrub. H. S. a 34. R. (n.) hetbro'trichum Meyer. The variable-haired Currant. Idmtiflcalian. Meyer in Led. Fl. Ros. Alt. lUus., 1. p. 270. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 187. Engiavings. Led. Fl. Ho6. Alt. lllus., t. 23S. j and our fig. 870. Spec. Char., Sfc. Stem erectish. Leaves pubescent, bristly, and glandular, nearly orbicular, 3-lobed ; lobes obtuse, toothed. Racemes erect. Pedicels equal in length to the bnicteas. Calyx flat, pubescent. Berries puberulous, glandless, bract- less. {Don's Mill.) An upright shrub. Altaia, on rocks, at the foot of the mountains. Height 2 ft. to 3 ft. Introduced in 1837. Flowers purple; April and May. Fruit like that of the red currant, but orange-coloured; 876.Jl.heteriSlricbam. rjpg jn AugUSt. at 35. R. (n.) bracteo^sum Dougl. The bracteate Currant. Ideratflcalion. Hook. Fl. Bor. Amer., 1. p. 232.; Don's Mill., 3. Engraving. Omfig. 877. from a specimen in Sir W. J. Hooker's herbarium. Spec. Char., S[c. Leaves on long petioles, cordate, deeply 5 — 7-lobed; lobes acuminated, cut, doubly serrated, hispid above, but full of resinous dots beneath ; racemes often terminal, at length re- flexed. Pedicels erectly spreading, pubescent, exceeding the spathulate bracteas. Calyx rotate, glabrous. Petals minute, roundish. Gemiens and berries full of resinous dots. {Don's Mill ) A large shrub. North-west coast, of America, at the confluence of the Columbia with the ocean. Height 5 ft. to 8 ft. Introduced ?. Flowers pur- plish yellow ; April and May. Fruit about the sue. of the red currant, greenish, hairy. A very remarkable and elegant shrub, with leaves ■' I I 2 877. n. (n.) bracteftsum 484 ARBORETUM ET FRCJTICETUM BRITANNICUM. R. Tiscosissimum> resembling those of the coijiraon sycamore, and nearly as large. It is much to be desired that it could be introduced into British gardens. s 36. R. viscosi'ssiMUM Pursh. The very clammy black Currant. Idenlificatlon. Pursh Fl. Amer. Sept., I. p. 163. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 191. SynonymR. Coredsma viscosissima Spach Ann, des Scien. Nat. 1S35. Bngravmgs. Hook. Fl. Bor. Amer., 1. p. 234. t. 74. ; and anvfig. 878. Spec. Char., <§•(-. Leaves cordate, obtuse, 3 — 5- lobed, deeply crenated. ' Viscid and glandular pubescence. Glands on both surfaces. Ra- cemes erect, corymbose. Bracteas linear-ob- ovate, rather shorter than the pedicels, which are clothed with glandular hairs. Calyx tubu- larly campanulate, with erectly spreading obtuse segments. Germens and fruit ovate-oblong, clothed with viscid hairs. Berries oblong-ovate, black. Flowers large and white. (Don^s Mill.) An upright shrub. North America, on the Kocky Mountains, towards the sources of the Columbia ; also on the summits of the hills near the Spokan and Kettle Falls, at an eleva- tion of 8000 ft. above the sea. Height 4 ft to 8 ft. Introduced in 1826. Flowers whitish or yellowish ; April and May. Fruit black; ripe in July. A very fine and remarkable species, somewhat difhcult to keep. J. 37. R, (n.) hudsonia^num Richardson. The Hudson's Bay black Currant. Identification. Richards in Frankl. First Journ., ed. 2. append, p. 6. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 190. Synonyme, R. petiolare Dougl, Hort. Trans. 7. p. 514. Engraving. 0\xrfig. 879. in flower, and^. 850. in fruit, from a specimen in Dr. Lindley's herbarium. Spec. Char., 4'c. Branches erect. Leaves 3-lobed, quite glabrous above, full of resinous dots beneath, and, as well as the pe- tioles, villous. Germens dotted. Berries globose, glabrous, black. Racemes erect, pubes- cent. Bracteas short. Seg- ments of the calyx, which is campanulate, spreading. Flow- ers small. Petals white. The fruit, and peculiar odour of the plants, are those of R. nigrum. (Don's Mill.) An erect shrub. North America, from Hudson's Bay to the Rocky "Mountains, in the west, and as far north as lat. 57°, including the mountains of Columbia, about the Kettle g; Falls. Height 3 ft. to 4 ft. In- troduced in ? 1820. Flowers whitish ; April and May in July. Horticultural Society's Garden. A. (n.) huiUonl^ajn. R. in.) hudGonl^um. Fruit black; ripe at 38. R. glaciaYe Wall. The icy black Currant. Identiflcalim. Wall Cat., No. 6833. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 189. Engraving. Out.fig Srtl. from a specimen In the Linnsan herbarium. Spec. Char., ^c. Bracteas smooth. Leaves glabrous above, but with &w scattered bristly hairs beneath, cordate at the base, 3 — 5-lobed at the apex i XXXII. grossula'ce^ : ri bes. 485 lobes acute, serrated. Petioles lonj;, serrated at the base. Racemes drooping. Calyx cainpanu- late. Petals longer than the calyx. Flowers white. Berries black. (Van's Mill.) A shrub. Nepal, on Emodi and Goasainthan. Height 4 ft. to 6 ft. In- troduced in 1823. Flowers white ; April and May. Fruit black ; ripe in July. Hort. Soc. Garden. 39. E. iNE^BRiANs Lindl. Currant. The intoxicating Identification. Lindl. in Bot. Reg., 1. 1471. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 190. Engravings. Bot. Reg., t. 1471. ; and our^. 882. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves roundish, deeply 3 — 5-lobed, and deeply toothed, ti'uncate at the base, glandular on both surfaces. Petioles pubescent. Peduncles 3 — o-floweied, pendulous. Flowers aggregate. Calyx _. tubular. 681. R. elaCUe. glandular, with the segments recurved. Calyx greenish white, with the tube 4 lines long. Leaves smelling like those of if. floridum. {Don's Mill.) An upright shrub. North America. Height 3 ft. to 4 ft. Introduced in 1827. Flowers greenish white; April. Fruit amber-coloured ; ripe in July. This species was received from Mr. Floy of New York, under the name of the intoxicating currant, but without any other account of its properties. The berries may probably possess some narcotic quality. The waxy-leaved Currant. Don's Mill., 3. p. 190. jt 40. R. CE^REUM Dougl. Identification. Dougl. in Hort. Trans., 7. p. 512. : Engravings. Bot. Reg., t. 12G3. ; and oar fig. 838. Spec. Char., Ifc. Leaves small, cordate, lobed, serrated, clothed with glandular pubescence, glabrous, glaucous, full of white i glands above. Racemes pendulous, rather \ capitate. Bracteas ovate, adpressed to the germens, which are glabrous. Flowers nearly sessile, cylindrical, rather angular. Calycine segments small, reflexed. (Don's Mill.) A low bush. North-west America, on the banks of the Columbia, and its southern tributary streams, from the Great Falls to the Rocky Mountains. Height 2 ft. to 3 ft. Introduced in 1827. Flowers whitish ; April. Fruit amber ; ripe in July. In its small foliage and few-flowered ra- cemes, this species resembles the gooseberry tribe ; but it has no thorns. The flowers are rather large and white, with a slight tinge of green, and are rather downy. White waxy dots like scales cover the upper surface of the leaf ; whence the specific name. I I 3 883. A. c&reum. 486 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. C. Flowers deep red. Fruit black. * 41. R. sangui'neum Pursh. The bloody, or red, flowered Currant. Idenlification. Pursh Fl. Amer. Sept., 1. p. 164. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 191. Smonumes. R. malvSceum Smith in Rees's Cycl. ; CaloMtrya sangulnea Spacli. Engravings. Hort. Trans., 7. t. 13. ; Bot. Seg., t. 1349. ; and am Jig- 884. Spec. Char., ^c. Leaves cordate, somewhat 5-lobed, serrated, veiny, smoothish above, but clothed with villous tomentum beneath. Racemes droop- ing', pubescent, twice the length of the leaves. Calyx tubularly campanulate, with oblong, obtuse, spreading segments, exceeding the petals, which are red, and quite entire. Bracteas obovate-spa- thulate. Berries turbinate, hairy. {Don's Mill.) A large branchy smooth shrub. North-west coast of America, in rocky situations, by the sides of streams. Height 4 ft. to 8 ft. Introduced in 1826. Flowers deep rose ; March and April. Fruit pur- plish, with a glaucous bloom ; ripe in August. Varieties. a R. s. 2 glutinosum. R. glutin6sum Benth. Hort. Trans. 2d ser. vol. i. p. 476., R. angustum Dougl. MS. {Oar fig. 885.) — The foliage is destitute of down, and slightly vis- cous. The racemes are rather larger than in the species, and the flowers are of a very pale rose colour. This variety comes into leaf a month before the species. 881. R- sAngDfneutn. 885. R. s. glutinoEum. R. malvaceum Benth. 1. c. (Our fig. 886.) and hispid on the upper side, and clothed un- lit R. $. 3 •malvdceum, — Leaves rough derneath with a whitish cottony down. The racemes of flowers are shorter and closer ; and each flower is almost sessile on the common stalk. In colour, the flowers are rather darker than those of R. s. glutinosum, and have more of a lilac tinge, a R. i. 4 atro-riibens Hort. — Flowers and racemes rather smaller, and of a much deeper and darker red, than those of the species. Horticultural Society's Garden. By far the most oi'namental species of the genus. It is easily propagated, and as hardy as the common black currant. It flowers profusely ; and, com- ing into bloom early in the season, forms the most splendid bush to be seen in British shrubberies, from the middle or end of March to the beginning or middle of May. A great many seeds were sent over by Mr. Douglas, a num- ber of which were distributed by the Horticultural Society ;, and the plants produced from them have varied in the colour of their flowers, from pale pink to deep red. The plants, also, seed freely in this country ; and hence a pumber of varieties have been originated by nurserymen, independently of R. s. malvaceum and R. s. glutinosum, which differ froip the species, not only in th3 shades of colour of their flowers, but also in their leaves. The variety which has the darkest-coloured flowers is R. s. atro-riibens. XXXn. GHOSSIJLA^CE^ : SfBES. 487 s 42. a. a^tro-purpu'rex;m Meyer. The dark-purple^/fouJCTerf Currant. 8S7< J2.adro^iirpilreum. Varieties. a R. 1 Fl. Alt., 1. p. IdentiJicaUon. Meyer in Led. Fl. Ross. Alt. 111. t. 231 Don's Mill., 3. p. 191. Engravings. Led. Fl. Ross. Alt. 111., t. 231. : our^ 887. from a living plant in the Birmingham Botanic Garden. ; andj%. 888. from Ledebour. Spec. Char., ^c. Stem erect. Leaves pu- bescent, nearly orbicular, cordate, 3 — 5- lobed ; lobes acute, serrated. Racemes drooping. Pedicels exceeding the bracteas. Calyxes campanulate, ciliated. Berries glabrous, and bractless ; dark purple, and the size of those of the common cur- rant. (Don's Mill.) An upright shrub. Altaia, on mountains and subalpine places on the river Ursal ; and also at the river Tscharysch. Height 4 ft. to 6 It. Flowers deep purple ; April and May. Fruit dark purple ; ripe in July. """ Jl. iitro-purpfireum. ]. Flowers deep purple. Leaves rather pubescent beneath, but smooth and glabrous above, as well as the branches, as R. a. 2. — Leaves rather pubescent beneath, but hispid from bristles above, as well as the petioles and .stems. Found near the river Volschoi Ulegumen. a R. a. 3. — Flowers paler. Leavas pubescent above, but most so below. Branches smooth . § iv. Symphocalyx Dec. Ttpvivation. From sumphud, to grow together, and kalux ; in reference to the sepals of the calyx of the species belonging to this section. Sect. Char. The calyxes tubular, and yellow. The racemes many-flowered. Leaves compassing the bud. Unarmed shrubs. {Dec. Prod., iii. p. 483.) s 43. R. AU'REUM Pursh. The go^den^owered Currant. Idmtfftcaiim. Pursh Fl. Amer. Sept., 1. p. 164. ; Don's Mill., 3 p. 191. Synonymes R. palmafum DesJ. C. Hort. Paris. ; Chrj-sob6trya revoliita Spach. Engramngs. Berl., 1. c, t. 2. f. 23. ; Bot. Reg., t. 125, ; and our^. 889. Spec. Char., Ifc. Quite glabrous. Leaves 3-lobed ; lobes divaricate, with a few deep teeth, shorter than the petioles, which are ciliated at the base. Calyxes tubular, longer than the pedicels. Tube slender. Seg- ments oblong, obtuse. Petals linear, much shorter than the calycine segments. Bracteas linear, length of the pedicels. Style entire. Berries glabrous. Flowers golden yellow. Fruit yellow, seldom black, and of an exquisite flavour. {Don's Mill.) An upright branchy shrub, which "before blowing has the appearance of a species of C'ratae'^gus. Korth-west America, in light gravelly soils, from the Great Falls of the Colum- bia River to the mountains, and on the southern branches. Height 6 ft. to 8 ft. Introduced in 1812. Flowers yellow ; April and May. Fruit yellow, seldom black ; ripe in August. Varieties. Si R. a. 1 prcEcoa; Lindl. in Hort. Trans, vii. p. 242. R. fragrans Lod. (Bot. Cab., t. 1533.; and owfig.SdO.) — Flowers earlier. Leaves cuneated at the base, pubescent beneath ; lobes deeply serrated. I I 4 488 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. R- fT&gxans. ish beneath R. a. senftinum. Berries copious, earlier, turbinate. Racemes bracteate. I at R. a. 2. villbmm Dec. Prod. iii. p. 483. R. longiflorum Fra- ser's Cat. 1813.— Leaves rather vil- lous. ^ R. a. 3 seroiinum Lindl. 1. c, and our fig. 891. — Flowers late. Leaves of vari- ous forms, smooth- lobes deeply ser- rated. Berries few, late, and round in shape. Racemes naked. AH the forms of this species are highly ornamental, from their fine, large, bright yellow flowers, which are produced in abundance ; and their smooth, glossy, yellowish green leaves. The plants are, also, more truly ligneous, and of greater duration, than those of most other species of Ribes. Next to R. sanguineam, and its varieties, they merit a place in every collection. m 44. R. (a.) tenuiflo'^rum Lindl. The slender-flowered Currant. Identification. Lindl. in Hort. Trans., 7. p. 242. ; Bot. Reg., 127.(. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 191. Synonymes. E. aureum Colta Hort. Rip. Append. 3. t. 1. f. A. ; R. flivum Berl. in Dec. Prod. 3. p. 483. ; R. missouriensis Hort. ; Chrysobotrya Lindleydrea Spach. Engravings. 13ot. Reg., t. 1274. ; and our fig. 892. Spec. Char,, ij-c. Unarmed, quite glabrous. Leaves roundish, 3-lobed, mealy ; lobes bluntly toothed at the apex. Racemes pendulous, many-flow- ered. Calyx tubular, glabrous, longer than the pedicels, coloured. Petals quite entire, linear, one half shorter than the segments of the calyx, which are oblong and obtuse. Bracteas linear, length of the pedicels. Berries glabrous. (Don's Mill.) An upright branchy shrub. North America, on the rocky tracts of the Columbia, ' near the head waters of the Missouri. Height 6 ft. to 8 ft. Introduced in 1812. Flowers yel- low ; April and May. Fruit purple or yellow ; ripe in August. Varieties. St R. (a.) t. 1 f-uctu nigra. — Berries changing from yellow to red, and finally acquiring a deep blackish purple colour, a R. (a.) t.2fructu luteo. — Fruit yellow; always retaining the same colour. In habit, this species is more erect than R. aureum, and has the young wood more thinly clothed with leaves; its wholeappearance is also paler, during the early part of the season. The flowers are not more than half the size of R. aureum ; and have entire, not notched, petals. The fruit is about the size of the red currant, of an agreeable flavour, but possessing little acidity. a 45. R. (a.) flaVum Coll. Th& yeWovi-flowered Cmrant. Identification. Coll. Hort. Ripul. Append., 3. p. 4. t. 1. f. ^. ; Don's Mill 3 p 191 Synonymes. R. afireum 3 sanguineum Lindl. in Hort. Trans. 7. p. •.!42. ;''ii'. palmitum Besf Hort Par. ; R. mreum Ker Bot. Keg.t. 125 but not of Pursh ; Chrysob6lrya InteimSdia Spack Engravings. Coll. Hort. Ripul. Append., 3. p. 4. t. 1. f. 2. ; and ourfigs. S93. and 894: Spec. Char., cj-c. Unarmed, quite glabrous. Young leaves 3-lobed; adult R. ia.) tenuifl6nim. XXXIII. ESCALLON/^ CEJB l /'tEA. 489 ones usually 5-lobed, deeply toothed, about equal in length to the ciliated petioles. Ra- cemes short, 4 — S-flow- ered. Calyx tubular, much longer than the pe- dicels. Tube slender. Segments rather spathu- late, reflexed. Petals one half shorter than the ca- lycine segments. Bracteas elliptic. Berries oblong, glabrous. Flowers yellow. (Dun's Mill.) An upright shrub. North America. Height 6 ft. to 8 ft. Introduced in 1812. Flowers yellow ; April and May. Fruit purple or yellow ; ripe in August. A very ornamental species, of vigorous growth, fine shining foliage, and of greater, duration than many species of Ribes. 893. R. S&Tum. 894. R. fl&vum. Order XXXIII. ESCALLON/^^C^vE. Ord. Char. Calyx 5-toothed. Petals 5, forming a tube by their cohesion, finally separating ; aestivation imbricated. Stamens definite. Disk epigynous, surrounding the base of the style. Ovarium 2-celled, containing two large placentas in the axis. Stigma 2-lobed. Capsule crowned by the calyx and style, dehiscing at the base. Seeds numerous, minute. Albumen oily. The cohering petals, oily albumen, and situation of placentas separate this from Grossulariaceae. (G. Don.) Leaves simple, alternate, exstipulate, deciduous or evergreen ; lanceolate serrated or entire. Flowers, terminal in spikes or racemes. — Shrubs, natives of North and South America, of which two genera are in British gardens, which are thus contradistinguished : — /'tea. Stigma capitate. Capsule compressed. EsCALLO^N/.!. Stigma peltate, 2-lobed. Capsule baccate. Genus I. 7'TEA L. The Itba. lAn. Syst. Pentandria Monogynia. Jdentification. Lin. Gen., 275. ; Dec. Prod., 4. p. 6. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 396. Synonymes. Cedrfila Lour. ; DiconSngia Mickx. Derivation. Ufa is tlie Greelc name of the willow, which is given to this genus on account of the quick growth of the i'tea virginica. Gen. Char. Calyx bell-shaped, with 5 teeth, persistent. Petals 5, their jesti- vation valvate. Stamens 5, shorter than the petals. Both petals and stamens inserted upon the tube of the calyx. Teeth of calyx, petals, and stamens, alternate with one another. Ovary not connate with the calyx. Style, at first, seemingly one ; afterwards it parts into two portions : hence, there are rather 2 styles connate. Stigmas capitate, mostly divided by a furrow. Car- pels two, connate into a capsule of 2 cells, that has 2 furrow.s, and parts from bottom to top. Seeds in two rows along the introflexed margins of the carpels. (Dec. Prod.) 490 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. Leaves simple, alternate, exstipulate, deciduous ; lanceolate, toothed. Flowers small, white, in simple terminal racemes. — A shrub, native of North America. S 1. I. virui'nica L. The Virginian Itea. Lin. Sp., 289. \ Don's Mill., 3. p. 196. N. Du Ham., 6. t. 9. ; Bot. Mag., t. 2409. ; and our identifwation. Engravings, fig- 895. Spec. Char,, S^c. Leaves lanceolate, acutely toothed. Racemes simple, terminal. (Don's Mill.) A deci- duous shrub. Pennsylvania to Carolina. Height 3 ft. to 5 ft. Introduced in 1744. Flowers white ; June to August. Carpels brown ; ripe in October- It may be propagated by cuttings, but more rea- dily by layers, suckers, or seeds, which are annually imported irom America ; and it thrives best in a sandy or peaty soil, kept moist. The plant, to be kept in vigour, should have the old wood frequently cut down to the ground. When grown in a situation that is rather moist, its flowers make a fine appear- ance late in the season, when there are few other shrubs in blossom. Genus II. ■gfnica. ESCALLO'N7^ Mutis. The Escallonia. Lin. Sysl. Pentandria Monogynia, Identification. Mutis in Lin. fil. Supp., t. 21. ; Dec. Prod., 4. p. 2. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 192. Synonyms. Stere6xylon Rui-x. et Pav. Ft. Per- Prod. p. .38. Derivation. From Escatlon, the pupil and companion of Mutis, during his travels in New Spain. Ge7i. Char., Sfc. Calyx tube semiglobose, adnate to the ovarium ; limb 5-toothed or 3-lobed. Petals 5, ari»ing from the calyx. Stamens 5 ; an- thers ovate-oblong. Stigma peltate. Style filiform, permanent. Capsule baccate. Seeds numerous. (Son's Mill.') Leaves simple, alternate, exstipulate, sub-evergreen ; serrated or entire, full of resinous glands. Flowers terminal, bracteate, variously disposed, white or red. — Sub-evergreen shrubs, natives of South America, more espe- cially of Chili. Propagated with the greatest ease by cuttings ; and growing freely in any common soil. Sk at 1. E. RU^ERA Pei-s The xeA-flowered Escallonia. 2890. , and Don's Mill Idenlijicaiion. Pers. Knch., 2. p. 235. ; Hook. Bot. Mag. StjTwnyjne. Steredxylon riibrum Ruix et Pav. ingravings. Ruiz et Pavon Fl. Per., 3. t. 236. f. b. ; Bot. Mag. t. 2890. ; and oar fig. 896. Spec. Char., Sfc. Shrubs smoothish ; branches erect, when young clothed with glandular villi. Leaves obovate-oblong, acuminated, serrated, full of resin- ous dots beneath. Peduncles 2 — 7-flowered, brac- teate. Lobes of calyx denticulated. Petals spathu- late. {Don's Mill.) A sub-evergreen shj'ub. Chili, on the mountains of Colocolo, and in the fissures of rocks, and about Valparaiso. Height 3 ft. to 6 ft. Introduced in 1827. Flowers red ; July to September. Varieties. In the Jiot. Misc., iii. p. 252., three forms are recorded : — m • E. r. 1 gUihriuscula Hook, et Arn., with glandular branches. leaves XXXIII. ESCAhhONIA^ CEJE : ESCALL0^N7y<. 491 highly pubescent, and red flowers, which may be considered as the species. St m £. r. 2 alMflora Hook, et Am., E. glandulosa Bot. Cab. t. 291., with white flowers, a « -E. )•. 3 pubescens Hook, et Am., with pubescent branches, and red flowers. Very desirable shrubs for training against a wall. s « 2. E. montevide'nsis Dec. The Monte Video Escallonia. E. bifida Link ei Identification. Dec. Prod., 4. p. 4. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 194. Syjionyme. E. floribdnda var. /3 monteTid&nsis Sc/tlecht. in Linmea J. p. 543. Otto AhtiU. t. 23. Engravings. Link et Otto Abbild., t. 23. ; Bot. Reg., 1467. ; and am fig. 897. Spec. Char., Sfc. Shrub glabrous. Branches erect. Leaves oblong, cuneated at the base, acutish, finely serrated, full of resinous dots beneath. Panicle terminal, many-flow- ered, crowded, intermixed with foliaceous bracteas. Lobes of calyx acute, rather denticulated. Petals obo- vate, oblong. (Don's Mill.) A sub-evergreen shrub. Brazil, in many places, but especially on the sandy banks and pastures of the Uruguny. Height 6 ft. to 10 ft. In- troduced in 1827. Flowers white, very like those of the hawthorn, with a style which becomes double the length of the fruit after flowering ; July to September. Varieti/. ^ « E. m. 2 floribunda, E. floribunda H. B. et Kunth, is a native of New Granada, on the Andes, with white flowers, and shining leaves, which are clammy when young. A very distinct variety considered by some as a species. This species forms a remarkably vigorous-growing bush, with long, flexible, rope-like shoots, and is very prolific in flowers. It is so hardy as to have stood through several winters, as a bush, in the open ground of the Kensington Nursery, though it was killed by the winter of 1837-8. B. montevid<5nsis. et 3. E. ILLINI^TA Presl. The varnished Escallonia. Identification. Presl Eeliq. Haenk. vol. ii. p. 49. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 193. Engravings. Presl 1. c, t. 59. ; Bot. Reg., t. 1900. ; and oxivflg. 898. Spec. Char., Sfc. Quite glabrous. Branches spreading, anointed with resin. Leaves petiolate, obovate or ob- long obtuse, crenulated, attenuated at the base, beset with glandular dots above, and clammy. Panicle termi- nal, many-flowered, lealy. Petals on long claws. Cap- sule turbinate, 5-nerved. {Don's Mill.) An evergreen shrub. Chili, at the stream.let of Los Lunes. Height 3 ft. to 6ft. Introd. 1833. Flowers white; Aug. and Sept. The whole plant emits a powerful odour, which to some persons resembles the smell of swine, and to others that of melilot or fenugreek. One of the hardiest species of the genus, and, like all the others, well deserving a place in collections. Other Species of Escallonm, — E. resinosa Pers., Stere- 5xylon resinosum Ruiz et Pavon (Don's Mill., iii. p. 9i.), s a native of Peru, on the cold parts of hills, which tood out at Kew for five years, till it was killed by the winter of 1837-8 808. E. iliinita. 492 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. JS. pulverulenta Pers., Stereoxylon pulverulentum Ruiz et Pav., is a shrub, haii-y in every part, with white flowers ; growing to the height of 8 or 10 feet. It is a. native of Chili ; and plants of it were in the Horticultural Society's Garden from 1831 till 1837-8. Twenty other species are described in Don's Miller, iii.p. 193. to p. 195., all natives of South America, and proba- bly as hardy as those above mentioned ; but it does not appear that any of them have been introduced. Order XXXIV. SAXIFRA^GE^, Tribe HYDRA'NGEiE. Ord. Char. Calyx 4 — 5-parted. Petals 5, inserted between the lobes of the calyx. Stamens 5 or 10. Disk perigynous. Ovarium of 2 to 5 carpels. Stigmas .sessile. Fiuit 1 — 2-celled. Seeds numerous, minute. Albumen fleshy. Absence of stipules distinguishes this from Soskcex and Cunorai- dcece, (G. Don.) Leaves simple, oppo-site, exstipulate, deciduous. Flowers in large co- rymbs, pink or white, often sterile. — Suffruticose shrubs, natives of North America and Asia. Easily propagated by cuttings, and growing freely in any soil that is rather moist. Genus L HYDRA'NGEA L. The Hydrangea. Di-Trigynia. Lin. Syst. Decandria Identification. Lin. Gen., 667.; Dec. Prod., 4. p. 13. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 232. Synonymes. Hydr&ngea, and Hortens/d Juss. ; Idrangea, Ital. derivation. From hudor, water, and af^gos. a vessel ; with reference to some of the species which grow in water ; or, as some suppose, from the capsule resembling a cup. Gen. Char. Flowers generally deformed ; but some of them hermaphrodite and fertile. Calyx tube hemispherical, 10-ribbed, rather truncate, adnate to the ovarium ; limb permanent, S-toothed. Petals 5, regular. Stamens 10. Styles 2, distinct. Capsule 2-celled, with introflexed valves, crowned by the teeth of the calyx and styles, flatfish at the top, opening by a hole between the styles. Seeds numerous, reticulated. (Don's Mill.) Leaves simple, opposite, exstipulate, deciduous ; serrated or lobed. Flow- ers corymbose, pink, or yellowish white j the marginal ones sterile, and large, in consequence of the teeth of the calyx being dilated into broad, petal-like-coloured segments ; the rest of the sterile flower partially abor- tive. — Shrubs, natives of North America and Asia. A. Species Natives of North America. a^ 1. H. arbore'scens I/. The arborescent Hydrangea. IdentiUcation. Lin. Sp., p. 5G8. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 232. ; Lodd. Cat., ed. 1836. Synmymes. H. vulgaris Michi. Fl. Bor. A-mer. 1. p. 2C8. ; H. frutescens Mt^nch Mellt. 1. p. lOG. Engravings. Bot. Mag., t. 437. ; and our fig. 899. Spec. Char., S^c. Leaves ovate, rather cordate ; superior ' ones lanceolate, coarsely toothed, pale and puberulous beneath. Corymbs flattish. Flowers nearly ail fertile. Flower buds obtuse. Flowers white, small, having an agreeable odour. (Don's Mill.) A low shrub. Penn- 891). H. arbon«-«i». XXXIV. 5AXIFRA GE^ : HYDRA'NGEA. 493 Identification. Pursh Sept., 1. p. 309. ofMichx. ; Don'sMill., 3. p. 232. Engravings. "Wats. Dendr. Brit., t. 42. sylyania to Virginia. Height 4 ft. to 6 ft. Introduced in 1736. Flowers white, having an agreeable odour ; July and August. Variet)/, ^ H. li. 2 discolor Ser. in Dec. Prod. 4. p. 1-1. — Leaves almost white beneath from tomentum. It prefers a moist soil, and is readily propagated by division of the roots. St 2. H. (a.) corda'ta Pursh. The cordate-leaved Hydrangea, exclusive of the syiionyrae and our fig. 900. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves broadly ovate, acuminated, rather cordate at the base, coarsely toothed, glabrous beneath. Flowers all fertile, small, white, and sweet-scented. (Don's Mill.) A low shrub. Carolina, on mountains, and on the banks of the Missouri, above St. Louis. Height 6 ft. to 8 ft. Introd. in 1806. Flowers white ; July, Aug. Variett/. s H. (a.) c. 2 georgica, H. georgica Lodd. Cat., differs from the species in flowering a little later, and being rather more robust. We agree with Torrey, in thinking this merely a variety of H. arborescens. fi 3. H. niVea Michx: The snowy-leaved Hydrangea. Identification. Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer., 1. p. 268. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 232. Synonyme. H. radi^ta Wal. Fl. Car. 251., ex Michr., but not of Smith. Engravings, Wats. Dendr. Brit., t. 43. ; and our Jig. 901. Spec. Char., Sj-c. Leaves cordate, oval, acuminated, sharply toothed, clothed with white tomentum, or pu- bescence, beneath. Corymbs flattish. Sepals of sterile flowers entire. Flower buds depressed. Flowers white, rather large. (Don's Mill.) A low suffrutescent shrub. North America, on the Savannah River. Height in America 4 ft. to 6 ft. ; in England 2 ft. to 3 ft. Introd. 1786. Flowers white ; July and August. Fariettf. St H. n- 2 glabella Ser. in Dec. Prod. 4. p. 14. — Leaves nearly glabrous beneath. Flowers all fertile. This variety has, probably, originated in culture. CT--striped Ivy. i- H. H. 5 foliis aureis Lodd. Cat. The Go&fere-striped Ivy. 4- H. H. 6 digitata Lodd. Cat. The palmate, or Hand-shaped, Ivy. 5- H. H. 7 arborescens Lodd. Cat. The arborescent, or Tree, Ivy. — This variation is merely an extension of the flowering shoots, which are entire-leaved, and take an ai'borescent character ; and, when a portion of them is cut off, and has rooted as a separate plant, it will sometimes produce an upright bush, which will retain its arborescent form for many years. Sooner or later, however, it resumes its native habit, and throws out rambling, or creeping, shoots, with 5-lobed leaves like the common ivy. A variety with white berries is mentioned by Theophrastus, Pliny, Virgil, and Dioscorides. The ivy will grow in any soil or situation, but thrives best when somewhat shaded. The common British variety, and its sub-varieties, are the best kinds for supporting themselves on walls, especially when young; at which period the giant ivy seldom throws out rootlets, though it does so subsequently. Order XXXVII. iTAMAMELIDA^CE^. Ord Char. Calyx 4-lobed or repandly toothed. Petals 4, linear, rarely wanting ; aestivation involutely valvate. Stamens 8, short, those opposite the petals barren. Ovarium half-inferior. Styles 2 — 3. Capsule 2-celled, 2-va!ved. Ovules bifid. Albumen horny. The flowers are sometimes dioe- cious, and sometimes polygamous. (G. Don.} Leaves simple, alternate, bistipulate, deciduous ; toothed or serrated. Flowers yellow or white. — Shrubs, deciduous ; natives of North America. iZAMAMB^Lis L. Calyx 4-lobed, furnished with 3-7-4 scales outside. Capsule coriaceous, 2-celled, Fothergi'll^ L. Calyx campanulate, 5 — 7-toothed. Anthers in the form of a horseshoe. Capsule 2-lobed, 2 -celled. XXXVII. ^amamelida'cejE : hamameYis. Genus I. 499 iTAMAME^LIS L. The Hamamelis, or Wych Hazel. Lin. Syst. Tetrandria Digynia. Identification. Lin. Gen., 169. ; Dec Prod., i. p. 268. ; Don's MilL, 3. p. 396. Synonymes. Trilbpus Mith. Act, Acad. Nat. Cur. 8 App. \ Hfimamelide, Ital. Derivation. Hamamelis is a name by which Athenjeus speaks of a tree which blossomed at the same time as the apple tree ; the word being derived from hama, together with, and iiiSliSf aa apple tree. The modem application seems to be from the HamamSUs having its blossoms accom- panying its fruits (mela) ; both being on the tree at the same time. Gen. Char. Calyx 4-lobed, adhering to the ovarium at the base, furnished with 2 — 3 scales on the outside. Petals 4, long, alternating with the teeth of the calyx. Stamens 4, alternating with the petals. Ovarium free at the apex. Capsules coriaceous, 2-celled, 2-valved. Arils 2 in each capsule. Seed oblong, shining. (Don's Mill.) Leaves simple, alternate, bistipulate, deciduous ; ovate or cuneated, feather-nerved, nearly entire. Flowers nearly sessile, disposed in clusters, in the axils of the leaves, girded by a 3-leaved involucrum. Petals yellow. — Shrubs or low trees, deciduous ; natives of North America ; interesting from producing their flowers in the autumn, which remain on during the winter. SI t \. H. virgi'nica L. The Virginian Hamamelis, or Wych Hazel. Identification. Dec. Prod., 4. p. 268. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 396. ; Lodd. Cat., ed. 1836. Synonymes. Hamamelie de Virginie, Fr. \ Virginische Zaubernuss, Ger. ; Pistacchio nera del.a Virginia, Ital. Engravings. N. Du Ham., 7. t. 60. ; Bot. Cab., t. .598. ; and omfig. 909. Spec. Char., S;c. Leaves obovate, acutely toothed, with a small cordate recess at the base. (Don's Mill.) ' A deciduous shrub. Canada to Florida; in dry and stony situations, but frequently near water. Height 20 ft. to 30 ft. with a trunk 6 in. or more in dia- meter. Introduced in 1736. Flowers yellow ; be- ginning of October to the end of February. Varieties. a If H. o. 2 parvifolia Nutt. — Leaves smaller, ob- long ovate, and a more stunted habit than the species. Pennsylvania, on mountains. In British gardens, when planted in peat soil, this forms a very handsome little shrub ; and is peculiarly valuable from being densely covered with fine yellow flowers thi'oughout the winter. ik t H. V. 3 macrophylla. H. macrophylla Pursh. — Leaves nearly orbicular, cordate, coarsely and bluntly toothed, and scabrous from dots beneath. Western part of Georgia, and North Carolina, on the Katawba Mountains. Introduced in 1812, and flowers from May to November. In British gardens, it has been but little cultivated, notwithstanding the sin- gularity of its appearance in autumn and winter ; when it is profusely covered with its fine rich yellow flowers, which begin to expand before the leaves of the previous summer drop off) and continue on the bush throughout the winter. After the petals drop oft' in spring, the persistent calyxeis remain on till the leaves reappear in April or May. It will grow in any light free soil, kept rather moist ; and it is propagated by layers and by seeds ; which last, though rarely produced in Britain, are frequently sent to this country from America. They ought to be sown immediately on being received, as they are often two yeai's before they come up. KK 2 909. H. virginica. 500 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. Genus II. FOTHERGI'LL/f L. The Fothergilla. Lin. Syst. Icosandria Digynia. 1 Dec. Prod,, 4. p. 269. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 397. Derivation. In metnory of John Fothergtll, M.D., an eminent physician and patron of botany, who • ■ • ■ " iHo Jdcniificaiion. Lin. iil. Siippi,, p. 4 Verivation. In memory of John Fo, _ . ^ introduced many new plants, and cultivated an excellent collection in his grounds, at Ham House, at Stratford-l&-bow, in Essex. Me was, besides, one of the most charitable men of his time. Gen. Char. Calyx campaiuilate, adhering to the ovarium at the base, some- what truncate, with 5 — 7 callous subrepand teeth. Petals wanting. Stamens about 25. Styles 2. Capsule adnate to the base of the calyx, 2-lobed, 2-celled, 1-seeded. Seed bony. (Don's Mill.) Leaves simple, alternate, bistipulate, deciduous ; feather-nerved, clothed with soft starry down. Flowers white, sweet-scented, sessile, anthers yellow ; in terminal ovate spikes, having a solitary bractea under each flower ; those bracteas at the base of the spike are trifid, and those at its apex are nearly entire. Shrubs, deciduous, of which there is only one species, but several varieties. Natives of North America. at 1. F. ^LNiFo^LiA L. The Alder-leaved Fothergilla. Utnt^cation. Lin. fll. Suppl., 2.W. ; Dec. Prod., 4. p. 269. j Don's Mill., 3. p. 397. Syjionymes. F. Gardem Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer., 1. p. 313. ; Hamamfilis monofca Lin. ex Smith in Rees^s Cycl, toI. xyii. Spec. Char., Sfc. See the generic character. The flowers, which are white and sweet-scented, appear before the leaves ; the latter resembling those of the wych hazel. A low deciduous bush. North America, Virginia to Carohna, in shady woods on the sides of hills. Height 3 ft. to 6 ft. In- troduced in 1765. Flowers white, sweet-scented ; April and May. Varieties. The following are very distinct : — sii F. a. I obtusa Sims Bot. Mag. t. 1341., Pursh Sept. 1. p. 335. ; F. major Bot. Cab. t. 1520. ; F. alnifolia Lin. jil. Supp. 257. ; and our_y%. 910. ; has obovate leaves, downy beneath. m F. a. 2 acuta Sims, Pursh Sept. 1. p. .335.; F. Gardeni Jacq. Icon, rar. t. 100. (Bot. Cab, t. 1507.), has narrow leaves, nearly entire, white from down beneath. F. a. 3 jmijor Sims Bot. Mag. t. 1.342., Pursh Sept. 1. p. 3.35. (Bot. Cab., t. 1 520. ; and ourj?g. 911.) has leaves ovate-oblong, somewhat cor- date at the base, very black and serrated at the apex ; when young, tomentose beneath. "^-^fi? 910. F.ff. major. 911. F. a. obtisa. In British gardens the fothergillas thrive best in moist sandy peat. They are propagated by seeds, which are sometimes ripened in this country, but are generally received from America. The varieties are increased by layers. The fothergillas are naturally somewhat tender, and though not impatient of cold, yet they are easily injured by the proximity of other trees or bushes, and by excessive drought or perpetual moisture. XXXVIII. CORNACE^: CO RNUS. 501 Order XXXVIII. CORNA'CEiE. Oad. Char. Calyx 4-lobed. Petals 4; aestivation valvate. Stamens 4. Style filiform. Stigma simple. Drupe baccate, enclosing a 2-celled nut. Seeds solitary in the cells. Albumen fleshy. — Differs from Caprifoliaceae tribe iSambuceae, in the polypetalous corolla and drupaceous frait. ((?. Don.) Leaves simple, opposite, rarely alternate, exstipulate, deciduous, or sub-evergreen ; ovate or oval, entire. Flowers white or yellowish. — Shrubs or low trees ; natives of Europe and Asia. Co'rnus L. Flowers in cymes. Stamens 4. Style 1. Pome baccate. Bentha^mZ/4 Lindl. Flowers disposed in involucrated heads. Fruit con Btituted of many pomes grown together. Genus I. CO'RNUS L. The Dogwood. Lin. Syst. Tetrandria Monogynia. Identificalion. Toum. Inst., 641. L 410. ; Dec. Prod., 4. p. 271. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 398. Synonymes. Cornouiller, Fr. ; "Hartriegel, Ger. ; Corniolo, Ital. Derivation. From comu. a horn ; the wood being thought to be as hard and as durable as horn. Hartriegel signifies hard rail, or hard wood. The name of Dogwood is applied to this genus, because, as Farkinson says, in his Paradistis, the fruit of most of the species is not fit even for dogs ; but it is more likely to have been given to it from the astringent properties of the bark and leaves, a decoction of which was formerly used as a wash for curing the mange, &c., in dogs. Gen. Char. Calyx tube adhering to the ovarium ; limb small, 4-toothed. Petals 4, oblong, sessile, valvate in aestivation. Stamens 4. Style 1. Drupe baccate, marked by the vestiges of the calyx, containing a 2-celled, rarely 3-celled nucleus. Seeds solitary, pendulous. (Don's MUl.) Leaves simple, opposite, except in C. alternifolia, exstipulate, deciduous ; entire, feather-nerved. Flowers sometimes capitate and umbellate, involu- crated; sometimes corymbose and panicled, without involucra. Petals white, rarely yellow. — Trees under thei middle size, and shrubs, deciduous ; natives of Europe, Asia, and North America. Most of the species ripen their fruit in England ; but they are. usually pro- pagated by suckers, or by layers or cuttings. The wood of all the species makes the very best charcoal. Common soil, and most of the species will thrive in the shade of other trees. § i. Nudiflbrts Dec. Derivation. From tiudus. naked, and flos, a flower ; the inflores- cence being without an involucre. Sect. Char. Flowers corymbose or panicled, without an involucre. A. Leaves alternate. * ¥ \. C. ALTBRNiFoYiA X. The altemate-leaved Dogwood. Identification. Lin. fil. Suppl., p. 12.5. ; L'Hferit. Com., No. 11. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 398. Synonyme. C. altema Marsh. Engravings. Guimp. Abb. Holz., t. 43. j Schmidt Baum., 2. t. 70. ; and our j^. 912. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves alternate, ovate, acute, hoary beneath. Corymbs depressed, spreading. Branches warted. Pomes purple, globose, about the size of a grain of pepper. Leaves on long petioles. Branches green or reddish brown. {DorC K K 3 912, C. altemlfiUa. 502 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. Mill.) A smooth deciduous shrub or low tree. North America, from Canada to Carolina, in shady woods on river banks. Height 15 ft. to 20 ft. Introduced in 1760. Flowers white; May to July. Fruit purple; ripe in October. Decaying leaves reddish yellow. Naked young wood green- ish or reddish brown. This species is easily known from every other, even at a distance, by the horizontal umbelliferous character assumed by the branches, which are also dichotomous, with clusters of leaves at the joints ; and the general colour is that of a lively green. The leaves are generally alternate, but not unfre- quently opposite. B. Leaves opposite. flt 2. C. sangui'nea L. The h\ooA-reii-leaved, or common. Dogwood. Identifkation. Lin. Sp., p. 171. ; Don's llill., 3. p. 399. ; Lodd. Cat., edit. 1836. Synonymes. C. fte'mina Rati Syn. AGO, \ Vtrga sanguinea Matth. Valsr. I. p. 236. ; Female Cor- nel, Dogberry Tree, Hound Tree, Hound's-berry Tree, Prickwood, Gaten or Gatten Tree, Gater or Gatter Tree, Catteridge Tree, wild Cornel ; Cornouiller sauvage, sanguin, or femelle, Puine or Bois punais, Fr. ; rother Hartriegel, Ger, ; Sanguinello, ItaL Derivation. This species is called fce'mina, and Female Cornel, because it bears fruit when very young ; whereas Cornus mas produces male blossoms only till the tree is 15 or 20 years old. Vfrga sanguinea is literally the bloody twig, alluding to the colour of the shoots, though they are not nearly so red as those of C6rnus filba. The names of Dogberry Tree, Hound Iree, &c., arise from the same source as Dogwood. (See above.) Prickwood alludes to the use of the wood for skewers ; Gaten Tree is a corruption of Gatr treow, the Saxon name for this species ; or, as some suppose, it is derived from gayta, the Spanish word for a pipe, the wood of this tree being more hollow, or full of pith, than that of C. mas. Catteridge, and all the other somewhat* similar names, are derived from Gaten. Chaucer calls the fVuit Gaitres berries, evidently from the same origin. The French names of Puine, and Bois punais, bug-wood, are from the strong and un- - pleasant smell of the bark and leaves ; and also because a decoction of them forms a wash to destroy bugs. Rother Hartriegel signifies red hard rail, or red hard wood. Engravings. Eng. Bot., t. 249. ; Fl. Dan.,t. 481. ; N. Du Ham., 2. t. 44. ; and our^. 913. Spec. Char., Sfc. Bracteas straight. Leaves ovate, acute, smooth and green on both surfaces. Corymbs flat. Branches of a dark red when full grown. Leaves 2 to 3 in. long. Flowers greenish white, unpleasantly scented. Petals revolute at the sides. Fruit dark purple, and very bitter. (Don's Mill.) A large shrub. Europe and the North of Africa, in hedges and thickets, especially on a chalk and limestone soil ; plentiful in Britain, in like situations ; and also said to grow in North America, near the lakes of Canada and near New York; but it has probably been introduced there. Height 4 ft. to 13 ft. Flowers white ; June. Fruit dark purple; ripe in August and September. sis- c.saiiguin. Decaying leaves deep red. Naked young wood green. Varieties. St C. s. 2 Purshii Don's Mill. 3. p. 399. ; C. sangufnea Pursh, Schmidt Baimi. 2. t. 66. ; has the flowers with yellow anthers, and the berries a dark brown. Lakes of Canada, and near New York ; and only differs from the C. sanguinea of Europe in having the leaves pubescent, and in being of larger, stature, a C. i. 'ifoliis variegdtis Lodd. Cat. has the leaves variegated with white and yellow, and occasional streaks of red. A plant lately received into Messrs. Loddiges's collection, named C. candidissima fol. var., appears, from the leaves, to be identical with this variety. C. can- didissima, in the same collection, appears from its leaves to be nothing more than C, sanguinea. One of the commonest shrubs in old shrubberies ; and easily known from all the other kinds of C<5rnus by the abundance of its dark purple fruit, and the intensely dark red of its leaves before they drop off in autumn. It is from this last circumstance, we suppose, that the specific name of sanguinea has been given to it, though it is much more obviou«ly applicable to C. alba, on account of the redness of its shoots. C. purpurea would be a much better XXXVIII. t'ORNA CE^ : CO RNUS. 603 C. tat&rica Mill. Icon. t. 104. Throughout Canada, and name as contrasted with C. alba, both names applying to the fruit. The wood, which is hai-d, though not nearly so much so as that of Cornus mas, was formerly used for mill-cogs, and for various purposes in rustic carpentry ; and it still makes excellent skewers for butchers, toothpicks, and similar articles. The bark tastes like apples. Si 3. C. a'lba L. The yih.\t&-fridted Dogwood. Identification. Lin. Mant., p. 40. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 399. Synonymes. C. stolonlfera Michx. Ft. £or. Amer. 1 . p. 109. Engravings. Pall. FL Ross., i. t. 34. ; and our^. 914. Spec. Char., Sfc. Branches recurved. Branchlets glabrous. Leaves ovate, acute, pubescent,hoary beneath. Corymbs depressed. Branches of a fine red colour. Fruit white, or bluish white. (Doti's Mill.) A large shrub. Siberia, at the rivers Oby and Irtysch, among bushes, &c. ; North America, from Virginia to Canada, on the banks of rivers and lakes ; and also in North California. Height 4 ft. to 10 ft. Introduced in \7il. Flowers white; May to July. Fruit white or bluish white ; ripe in September. De- caying leaves red or reddish yellow. Naked young wood intensely red or coral colour. Varieties. it C. a. 2 circinaia Don's Mill. iii. p. 399., C. circinata Cham, et Schlecht. in Linruea iii. p. 139., has the berries of a lead colour. from Lake Huron to lat. 69° N. a C. a. 3 sibirica Lodd. Cat., ed. 1836, has the shoots of a fine orange red, covered with a dehcate bloom. It makes a splendid appearance in the winter season. Interesting in summer, from its fine large leaves and white flowers ; in au- tumn, from its white finiit, which are about the size and colour of those of the mistletoe ; and in the winter and spring, from the fine red of its young shoots. St 4. C. (a.) stki'cta Lam. The straight-bi-anched Dogwood. Identification. Lam. Diet., 3. p. 116. •, Don's Mill., 3. p. 399. Syiwnymes, C. fastigi^ta Michx. Ft. Bor. Amer. 1. p. 92. ; C. sanguinea Walt, but not of Lin. ; C. cyanocarpos Gmel. Syst. Veg, 1. p. 257. ; C. canadensis Hort. Par. ; C. csridea Meerb. Icon: 3., but not of Lam. Engravings. Schmidt Baum., 2. t. 67. and our Jigs. 915, 916. Spec. Char., Src. Branches straight, fastigiate. Leaves ovate, acuminated, glabrous, green on both surfaces ; when young, hardly pubescent be- neath. Corymbs convex, somewhat panicled. Branches reddish brown. Anthers blue. Pomes globose, soft, blue on the outside, but white in- side. {Don's Mill.) An upright shrub. North America, from Carolina to Ca- nada, frequent on the banks of rivers ; also in Mexico, between Tampico and Real del Monte. Height 6 ft. to 10 ft. rarely 20ft. Introd. 1758. Flowers wliite ; June and July. Fruit blue without and white within ; ripe in October. Decaying leaves reddish green. Naked young wood green, or rusty green K K 4 9le. c. (a.).stricta. ■3\i- C. ta.) stricta. 504 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. Vo/rtct IGS at C. (a.) s. 2 asperifdUa, C. asperifolia Lodd. Cat. ed. 1836, if not iden- tical with the species, differs from it but very slightly, a C. (a.) s. 3 sempei-virens, C. sempervirens Lodd. Cat. ed. 1836, closely resembles the species, but differs from it in retaining its leaves through- out a part of the winter. at * 5. C. (a.) panicula'ta L'Herit. The ^anicXed-flowa-ing Dogwood. Identification. L'H6rit. Corn., No. 10. t. 6. s Don's Mill., 3. p. 398. ^wifisHa h„w Synonymes. C. racemftsa Lam. Diet. 2. p. 116. ; C. fe'mina Mill. Dtcl. No. 4. j C. atnfOIia Uart. Par. Engravings. Schmidt Baum., 2, t. 68. ; and onr Jig. 917. Spec. Char., Sjc. Branches erect. Leaves ovate, acuminated, glabrous, hoary beneath. Corymb thyrsoid. Ovarium silky. Branches pale pur- plish. Pomes roundish, depressed, watery, white, 3 lines in diameter. The dots on the under side of the leaves, which are only seen through a lens^ Tjear bicuspidate short, adpressed hairs. Tube of calyx pubescent (Don's Mill.) A large shrub. Canada to Carolina, in swamps and near rivulets, among other bushes. Height 4 ft. to 6 ft. in America ; 20 ft. to 25 ft. in cultiva- tion. Introduced in 1758. Flowers white ; July and August. Fruit white ; ripe in October. De- caying leaves reddish brown. Naked young wood purplish. Varieties. St C. p. 2 albida Ehrh. Beitr. iv. p. 16. — Leaves elliptic-lanceolate. Si C. p. 3 radiata Pursh Fl. Amer. Sept. i. p. 109. — Corymbs sterile, foliiferous. 917. c. (a.) pmicuiita. at 6. C. (a.) seri'cba L'Herit. The silky Dogwood. Identification. L'Herit. Corn., No. 6. t 2. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 399. Synonymes. C. lanuginbsa Michz. Fl. Bor. Amer. 1. p. 92. ; C. alba Wali. Fl. Car. 88., but not of Lin. i C. caerMea Lam. Diet. 2. p. 116. ; C. ^mbmum Du Roi Harhk. I. p. 166. ; C. rubigin6sa Ehrh. Beitr. 4. p. 16. ; C. ferruglnea Hort. Par. ; C. candidissima Mill. ; C. cyanootrpos Mcsnch, but not of Gmel. Schmidt Eaum., 2. t. G4. ; and ourj?^. 918. Spec. Char., ^c. Branches spreading. Branchlets woolly. Leaves ovate, acuminated, clothed with rusty pubes- cence beneath. Corymbs depressed, woolly. Pomes bright blue. Nut compressed. {Don's Mill.) A large shrub. Canada to Carolina, in swampy woods and on river banks. Height 5 ft. to 8 ft. Introduced in 1683. Flowers white ; June and July. Fruit bright blue ; ripe in October. Decay- ing leaves rusty brown. Naked young wood brown and green. Variety. ^ C. (a.) s. 2 oblongifolia Dec. Prod. iv. p. 272., C. oblongifolia Rafiin in Litt., has leaves oblong and glabrous above. This sort is very distinct from the two preceding ones, and comes nearer, in general appearance, to C. alba, than they do ; but it is a weaker plant, and smaller in all its parts than that species. The two preceding sorts, C. (a.) XXXVIII. CORNA^CE^: Co'rnUS. 505 stncta and C. (a.) paniciilata, have much narrower leaves, and a more compact tastigiate habit of growth, than any other species or variety of the genus. C. (a.) pamculata is the handsomest of the three sorts for a small garden, as it is easily kept of a small size, and in a neat shape, and it flowers profusely. f 7, C. (a.) circina>a L'Herit. The rounded-feawd Dogwood. 3. p. 399. C. rugbsa Lam. Diet. 2. p. 115.; 919. C. (a.; circm&U. Identification. L'Herit Com., p. 1. No. 8. t. 3. ; Don's Mill., Synonymes. C. tomentdsa Mic/ix. FL Bor. Amer. 1. p. 91. ; virginikna Hort. Par. Engravings. Schmidt Baum., 2. t 69. ; and our^. 919. Spec. Char., ^c. Branches warted. Leaves broadly oval, acuminated, clothed with hoary tomentum beneath. Corymbs depressed, spreading. Branches slightly tinged with red. Leaves broad, waved on their edges. Flowers white, as in most of the species. Pomes globose, at first blue, but at length becoming white. (Don's Mill.') A large shrub. North America, from Canada to Virginia, on the banks of rivers ; and probably of Cali- fornia. Height 5 ft. to 10 ft. Introduced in 1784. Flowers white ; June and July. Fruit at first blue, and then turning white ; ' ripe in October. Decaying leaves rusty brown. Naked young wood green, tinged with red. Readily distinguished from all the other sorts, by its broader leaves, and its rough warted branches. 1^ 8. C. oblo'nga Wall. The ohXong-leaved Dogwood. Identification. Wall, in Eoxb. Fl. Ind., 1. p. 432. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 398. Synonyme. C. paniculSta Hamilt. ex D. Bon Prod. Fl. Nep. p. 140. EngraviTig, Our Jig. 9*20. from a specimen in Dr. Lindley's herbarium. Spec. Char., Sjc. Leaves oblong, acuminated, acute at the base, glaucous, and rather sca- brous beneath, with many excavated glands along the axils of the ribs and nerves. Co- rymbs spreading, panicled. Young shoots clothed with short adpressed hair. Leaves 4 in. to 6 in. long, and 1 in. to l|in. broad. Petioles about an inch long. Flowers white or pale purplish, fragrant. Calyx clothed with adpressed silvery hairs, as well as the pedicels and petals. Ovarium 3-celled. Pome ovate-oblong. (Don's Mill.) A large shrub. Nepal, about Narainhetty, Katmandu, and the Valley of Dhoon. Height 10 ft: to 15 ft. Introduced in 1818. Flowers white or purplish, fragrant. § ii. InvolucratcjE Dec. Derivation. From involucrum, an involucre, with which the heads of flowers are severally sur- rounded. Sect. Char. Flowers disposed in heads or umbels, surrounded by coloured involucres, which are usually composed of 4 leaves. (Dec. Prod.) Trees, with yellow umbelled flowers. ¥ 9. C. ma's L. The male Dogwood, the Cornel, or Cornelian Cherry Tree. Identification. Lin. Sp,, 171. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 400. ; Lodd. Cat., ed. 1836. Svnonvmes C. raiscula i'H*!'^ Cim-m. No..4. ; Long Cherry Tree ; Cornelia; Comouiller m&Ie, Cornes Comeilles, Fr. ; Kernel Kirsche Hartrlegel, Ger. ; Corgnolo, Ital, Derivation. The name of mas has been applied to this species since the days of Theophrastus ; in all probability, because young plants are barren for many years after they show flowers ■ these 506 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. flowers being furnished, with stamens only. For an opposite reason, the name of C6rnU6 foe mma was given to C. sangulnea. (See p.S02.) The name of Cornelian Cherry relates to the beautiful colour of the fruit, which resembles that of a cornelian. Engravings. Black., t. 121. ; the plate in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. vi. ; and our^^s. 921.anii 922. Spec. Char., Sfc. Branches smoothish. Leaves oval, acuminated, rather pubescent on both surfaces. Flowers protruded before the leaves. Umbels about equal in length to the 4-leaved involucre. Flowers yellow. Fruit elliptic, of a bright shining scarlet co- lour, the size and form of a small olive or acorn, very styptic in its immature state. (Don's Mill.) A large shrub or low tree. Europe, Britain excepted, and in the North of Asia, in hedges and among bushes. Height 12 ft. to 20 ft. Introduced in 1396. Flow- ers yellow; February to April. Fruit cornelian- coloured; ripe in October and November. Decay- ing leaves reddish green. Naked young wood brownish green. Varieties. It C. ni. 2fructu ceres coloris N. Du Ham. ii. p. 162. has the fruit of a wax colour. 'i C m. 3 vaiiegatus has the leaves edged with white or yellow. 922. camm m&8. The wood has been, in all ages, celebrated for its hardness and durability , and it is at the same time tough and flexible. In a dry state, it weighs 69 lb. 5 oz. to the cubic foot. The small branches are said to make the most durable spokes for ladders ; wooden forks for turning the grain on barn floors, and for making hay ; hoops, butchers' skewers, and toothpicks. The wooden forks are made by selecting branches which divide into three near the extremity ; and, after cutting the branch to a proper length, which is commonly about 5 or 6 feet, the bark is taken off, and the three branches which are to form the prongs are bent so as to form a triangle, like the wooden corn forks of Eng- land. In this state they are put into a hot oven, where they are kept till they are hardened, so as to retain the shape given to them. Similar hay and straw forks are made of the nettle tree in France, and of the willow in various parts ■»f England, by the same procedure. The fruit, when thoroughly ripe, is some- xxxviii. cor'sa^cem: benthaW^. 507 what sweet, and not disagreeable to eat ; and, on the Continent, it is frequently used in confectionery, and for making marmalades. As an ornamental tree, the cornel is valuable, not only on account of its early flowering, and the fine display made by its ripe fruit, but because it is a low tree, never growing out of bounds, and one which, after it has attained the height of 10 or 12 feet, is of slow growth, and of very great duration. For these last reasons, it is par- ticularly suitable for small suburban gardens, in which it will form a fit associate for small trees of Cratse^gus, Berberis, iihamnus, -Euonymus, J^amameHs, &c. Seeds ; but layers or suckers come much sooner into a flowering state. There are remarkably fine specimens of this tree in the old French gardens in the neighbourhood of Paris, and also in the old gardens of Germany. i 10. C. flo'rida L. The Florida Dogwood. Identification. Lin. Sp., 1661. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 400. Synonyme. Virginian Dogwood. Engravings. Bot. Mag., t. 626. ; Schmidt Banm., 2. t. 62. j and omfig. 923. Spec. Char., Sfc. Branches shining. Leaves ovate, acuminated, pale beneath, beset with adpressed hairs on both surfaces. Flowers umbellate, pro- truded after the leaves. Leaves of involucre large, roundish, retuse, or nearly obcordate. Pomes ovate. Leaves of involucre white. Flow- ers greenish yellow, and very large. Pomes scarlet, about half the size of those of C. mas ; ripe in August. (Don's Mill.) A large shrub or low tree. Carolina to Canada, in woods ; and on the banks of the Columbia, near its confluence with the sea. Height 20 ft. to 30 ft. Introduced in 1731. Flowers large, yellowish white ; April and May. Fruit scarlet ; ripe in August. De- caying leaves yellowish green. Naked young wood brownish green. Cornus florida is universally allowed to be the handsomest species of the genus. It thrives best in a peat sojl, which must be kept moist ; and the situation should be sheltered, though the foliage of | the plants must be fully exposed to the influence of the sun, otherwise they will not flower. Cuttings or layers, both of which readily strike root. s23. catani. Cornus grandis Schlect. A small tree or shrub. Chico, in ravines. Intro- duced in 1838 by Hartweg, and probably hardy. " It has a beautiful foliage ; the leaves being from 3 in. to 5 in. long, smooth and deep green above, hoary with down on the under side." The flowers are in small heads, and the fruit as large as a sloe, and purplish black, covered with bloom. {Bot. Reg. Chron., 183.9.) C. officinalis, a native of Japan, is figured by Sieboldt (t. 50.), and will pro- bably prove hardy. Genus II. Lin, Syst. Tetrandria BENTHA^M/^ Lindl. The Benthamia. Monogynia, Identification. Lindl. in Bot. Reg., 1. 1579. Synonyme. Cdrnus sp. Wall., Dec, and G. Don. Derivation. Named in honour of George Bentham, Esq.,. F.L.S., Secretary to the Horticultural Society ; and nephew of the celebrated moralist and jurist, Jeremy Bentham. Gen. Char. Flowers disposed in heads, each head attended by an involucre which consists of 4 petal-like parts, and resembles a corolla. Calyx with a minute 4i-toothed limb. Petals 4, fleshy, wedge-shaped. Stamens 4, Style I. Fruit constituted of many pomes grown together ; endocarp in each pome with 2 cells. Seeds solitary and pendulous in each cell. (Lindl.) 508 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. Leaves simple, opposite, exstipulate, sub-evergreen : entire. Flowers liii'ge, white. — A large shrub or low tree. Himalayas. Culture as in Cornus. t 1. B. fragi'fera Lindl. The Strawberry-bearing Benthamia. Identification. Hort. Trans., 2d series, I. p. 458. ; Llndl. in Bot. Reg., 1. 1579. ■ - b. Fl. ~ ■ '-■ - C. capit^ta Walt, in Ronb. Fl. Ind. 1. p. 434., Don's Mill. 3. p. 399. ; Chung-wa, m Nepal ; Bhumowro, in Serampore. Engravings. Bot. Reg., t. 1579. ; Hort, Trans., 2d series, 1. 1. 17. ; and our fig. Spec. Char., Sfc. Branches spreading, smooth. Leaves lanceolate, acuminated at both ends, on short petioles, rather rough with small ad- pressed down. Flowers sessile, densely aggre- gate, forming a round head girded by a i-leaved scabrous involucrum. {Don's Mill.) A large | sub-evergreen shrub or low tree. Nepal, in Gossainthan. Height 10 ft. to 15. ft. Intro- duced in 1825. Flowers large, yellowish white ; June, Fruit large, about the size of that of the common arbutus, reddish ; ripe in October ; yellowish white within, not unpleasant to eat Young shoots whitish green. Rather tender in the climate of London, though ° *' ' '"' ""■ it forms a fine evergreen in some parts of Cornwall : perhaps it might be ren- dered hardier by grafting it on Cornus sanguinea. Readily propagated either from seeds or cuttings, and of easy culture in loamy soil, kept moist. Benthamia. japonica is figured by Sieboldt (t. 16.), and is probably hardy. Order XXXIX. LORANTHA^CEiE. Obd. Chab. Calyx calyculate, entire or lobed. Petals 4 — 8, distinct or co- hering ; Eestivation valvate. Stamens 4 — 8, opposite the petals, or more or less adnate to them. Style absent or present. Stigma capitate. Berry 1-celled, 1-seeded, crowned by the calyx. Albumen fleshy. Flowers gene- rally unisexual. The habit, and the stamens being opposite the petals, distinguish this from Caprifoliaccae and Cornaces. {G. Don.) Leaves simple, opposite, exstipulate, evergreen ; entire. Flowers small, whitish, or purplish. — Shrubs, parasitical or terrestrial. Europe and Japan. The hardy ligneous plants are included in the genera Fiscum, Loranthus, and Aucuba. Ti'scuM L. Flowers dioecious or monoecious. Margin of the calyx ob- solete. Petals usually 4, connected at the base in the male flowers, but free in the female. Berry globular, viscid, of 1 cell. Lora'nthus L. Flowers dioecious or hermaphrodite. Margin of calyx entire. Petals 5 — 6, linear, reflexed. Au'cuBA Thunb. Flowers dioecious. Calyx 5-toothed. Petals 4, ovate lanceolate; Fruit fleshy, 1-seeded. Genus I. Kl'SCUM L. The Mistletoe. Lin. Syst. Monce^cia, or DioeVia, Tetrandria. Identification. Tourn, Inst., p. 609. ; Dec. Prod., 4. p. 277^; Don's Mill., 3. p. 402. XXXIX. lorantha'ce^ : fi'scum. 509 SyHonymes. Misseldine, Gui, or Guy, Fr. ; Mistl, or Missel, Ger. ; Visco, or Vischio, Ital. ; Lega- modoga, Span, DeTiiiatian. Viscm, or viscum. is the latin for birdlime, which is made from the berries ; and Mistletoe is by some supposed to be derived from mist, the Germau word for dung, or slimy dirt, and by others from mtstelia, the Saxon name for the plant Gen. Char. Calyx a slight border in the male flowers, more evident in the female. Corolla in the male flowers gamopetalous, in 4 deep, ovate, acute, equal divisions ; in the female flower of 4 ovate, equal, deciduous petals. Anthers in the female flowers none; in the male flower 4, compressed. Ova- rium ovate. Stigma sessile. Beiri/ globular. {Don's Mill.) Leaves simple, opposite, rarely alternate, exstipulate, evergreen ; undi- vided, entire, rigid. Flowers in fascicles or spikes, greenish. Berrie's white. — An evergreen shrub, parasitical on trees. Europe; in Britain, England. ^ \. V. a'lbubt L. The -vihite-fniiled, or common, Mistletoe. Identtficcaioii. Liu. Sp., 1461. ; Dec. Prod., 4. p. 277. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 403. Engravings. N. Du Ham., 1. t. \tt. ; Eng. Bot., t. 1470. ; Baxt. Brit. PI., t. 40. ; and our flg. 925., which exhibits a portion of a male plant, marked tw, and of a female plant in fruit, marked/. Spec. Char., ^c. Stem much branched, forked ; with sessile intermediate heads, of about 5 flowers. Branches terete. Leaves obovate-lanceolate, obtuse, nerveless. (Don's Mill.) A parasitical shrub, forming a confused tuft of branches with a yellowish green aspect. Europe and England, on trunks and branches of trees, most frequent on iJosaceae. Height 2 ft. to 3 ft. Flowers greenish yellow ; May. Berry white ; ripe in December. The leaves vary considerably in difierent plants, as may be seen in Jig. 926., which contains engravings of three different specimens. The durabiUty of the plant is very great ; for, when once established on a tree, it is seldom known to cease growing while the tree is in life ; but, when it dies, or the branch on which it is rooted decays, or becomes diseased, the death of the mistletoe imme- diately follows. The trees on which the mistletoe grows belong to various natural orders ; and, indeed, it would be difficult to say on what dicotyledonous trees it will not grow. In England, it is found on Tiliaceae, ^"- •'•^""""• .rfceracese, iJosaceae, Cupuliferae, ySalicacese, Oleaceae, and, we believe, also on ConlferEe. It is found on the oak at Eastnor Castle (see Gard. Mag., vol. xiii. p. 206.) ; and in the neighbourhood of Magdeburg we saw it growing in immense quantities on Pinus sylvestris in 1814. In France, it grows on trees of all the natural orders mentioned, but least frequently on the oak. It does not grow on the olive in France, though it abounds on the almond. In Spain, it grows on the olive ; as it does in the neighbourhood of Jerusalem ; and, in the latter locality, is found the variety with red fruit, which is perhaps a Loranfhus. The mistletoe is propagated by the berries being, by some means or other, made to adhere to the bark of a living tree. The common agency by which this is effected is supposed to be that of birds ; and more especially of the missel thrush, which, after having satisfied itself by eating the berries, v/ipes off" such of them as may adhere to the outer part of its beak, by riibbing it against the branch of the tree on which it has alighted ; and some of the seeds are thus left sticking to the bark. If the bark should be smooth, and not much indurated, the seeds will germinate, and root into it the following spring ; that is, supposing them to have been properly fecundated by the proximity of a male plant to the female one which produced them. The first indication of germination is the appearance of one or more radicles, like the sucker of a house fly, but larger; as at h i, in Jig. 926., which are front views, and at k I in the same figure, which are side views, taken from mistletoe berries, which were stuck on the upright trunk of a cherry tree in our garden at Bayswater, in March, 1836, and germinated there, as they appeared on the 20th of May of the same year. When the white, viscous, pulpy matter of the mistletoe berry is removed, the kernel, or seed, appears of a greenish colour, and 510 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. flat ; sometimes oval, at other times triangu- lar, and at other fimes of various forms, hi fig. 926., a is the male blos- som magnified; b, the fe- male blossom magnified ; d, a berry cut through, transversely; e, a seed divided vertically, shovf- ing the two embryos ; g, the embryo magnified ; h, the two embryos, with the two radicles germi- nating ; i, a single radi- cle ; k, a side view, or section, of the two radi- cles; and /, a side view, or section, of the single radicle. Our mistletoes, at Bayswater, are now (Aug. 1840) from 4 in. to 8 in. in length, with 4 or 5 pairs of leaves, after having been four ij) years sown. Mr. Moss, a nurseryman at Malvern, has succeeded in grafting the mistletoe standard high on young apple and pear trees, and also on poplars and willows. The grafts should be made in the first or second week in May ; and they should never be lower than 5 ft. from the ground, or higher than 10 ft. Where the stock is not more than i in. in diameter, an incision is made in the bark, into which a scion of mistletoe, pared thin, is inserted, having a bud and a leaf at the upper end. In grafting longer pieces, a notch should be cut out of the stock ; an incision made below the notch ; and a shoulder left on the scion to rest on the notch, in the manner of crown grafting. In every case, there must be a joint on the lower extremity of the scion. The mistletoe may also be propagated by budding, taking care to have a heel of wood and a joint at the lower extremity of the bud. (See Gard. Mag., vol. xiii. pp. 206. and 283.) 926. r. 61bum. Genus II. LORA'NTHUS L. The Loranthus. Lin. Syst. Pentahexindria Mono- gynia. Identificatton. Lin. Sp., 1672. ; Dec. Prod., 4. p. 671. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 409, Derivation. From lorum. a lash made of leather, and anthoSy a flower ; alluding to the long linear shape and leathery substance of the petals. Gen. Char. Flowers dioecious or hermaphrodite. Calyx cup-shaped, adnate, < with an entire border. Petals 5 — 6, linear, reflexed. Stamens inserted into the middle of the petals. Filaments short. Anthers g\ohose. Style thickish. Stigma simple. JBerry globose, 1-celled, 1-seeded. (^Don's Mill.) Leaves simple, opposite or nearly so, exstipulate, evergreen ; entire, rigid. Flowers in spikes, axillary and terminal. — An evergreen shrub, parasitical on trees ; native of Austria. XXXEX. LORANTHA^CEJE : Au'cUBA. 511 ^ 1. L. EUBOP/E^us L. The European Loranthus. Identification. Lin. Sp., 1672. ; Jacq. Fl. Austr., t 30. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 409. Engravings. Jacq. 1. c. ; oaifig. 927., and our fig. 928. of the natural size 927. L, euiopae^. Spec. Char., Sfc. Plant glabrous, much branched. Branches te- rete. Leaves opposite, petiolate, 92s. i,. europ,e>us. oval-oblong. Racemes terminal, simple. Flowers dioecious, of 6 petals. (Don's Mill.) An evergreen parasitical shrub, with the habit of Fiscum album. Austria, Hungary, Italy, and Upper Siberia, on oak and sweet chestnut trees. Height 2 ft. to 3 ft. Introduced in 1839. Flowers greenish ; May. Berries oval, white or yel- lowish ; ripe in December. Berries of this plant were received from M. Charles Rauch of Vienna, by his brother, M. Francis Rauch, and sown on trees in the Horticultural So- ciety's Garden, and also in our garden, at Bayswater, in January, 1839, though they have not yet vegetated. Genus III. AU'CUBA Thanh. The Aucuba. iiw. iS^if. Dice Via Tetrandria. Identificatim. Thunb. Fl. Jap., p. 4. ; Dec. Prod., 4. p, 274. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 433. Synomymes. Aucuba Katnpf. Amoen. 5. p. 778. ; EClbasis Salisi. Prod. p. 68. t)erivation, Aucuba is the Japanese name. Gen. Char. Flowers dioecious. Calyx closely adhering, with the margin a little elevated, and 4-toothed ; teeth obtuse, very short. Petals 4, decidu- ous, alternating with the calycine teeth, inserted in the margin of the elevated fleshy 4!-angled disk. Stamens 4. Ovarium cylindrical. Style very short, thick, terete. Berry fleshy, 1 -seeded. {Don's Mill.) Leaves simple, opposite, exstipulate, evergreen ; petiolate, coriaceous. Flowers small, panicled. An evergreen shrub or low tree ; Japan; with dichotomous or verticillate branches, in the manner of those of Loranthus and Fi'scum. The male blossom is unknown. Only the female state of this plant is in British gardens. m I. A. japo'nica Thunb. The Japan Aucuba. Identification. Thunb. Fl. Jap., p. 64. ; Dec. Prod 4. p. 274 : Don's Mill, 3. p. 433, Stmommes. EClbasis dichfitomuB Salisb. Prod. p. 68. ; spotted-leaved Laurel, Japan Silt En apan Laurel. Thunb. Icon. Fl. Jap., t. 12. and 13. ; Bot. Mag,, t. 1197.; and om fig. 929. 51-2 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves ovate-lan- ceolate, acuminated, toothed, cori- aceous, glabrous, shining, pale green ; beautifully spotted with yellovc, having the midrib rather prominent, the rest of the leaf reticulately veined. Petioles articulated with the branches, and dilated at the base. (Don's Mill.) An evergreen shrub. Japan, Height 6 ft. to 10 ft., ^^^ and probably much higher in warm ~ sheltered situations. Introduced in 1783. Flowers dark blood-coloured ; May and July. Berries red ; ripe in March ; not yet seen in England. As hardy as, or hardier than, the common laurel ; and, what is a very valuable property in England, it will endure coal smoke better than almost any other evergreen. It is readily propagated by cuttings; and grows freely in any soil tolerably dry, advancing steadily by shoots of from 6 in. to 9 in. long every season. 929. ^.japdnica. Order XL. CAPRIFOLIA CE^. Ord. Chab. Calyx 5-lobed. Corolla monopetalous ; tube short ; limb 5- lobed ; Eestivation valvate. Stamens 5, adnate to the corolla, and alternat- ing with its lobes. Ovarium 3-celled. Style exserted. Stigmas 3, distinct, or combined. Berry pulpy, rarely dry, crowned by the calyx, 1 or many celled. Seeds solitary, twin or numerous in the cells. Albumen fleshy. (G. Don.) Leaves simple, or compound, generally exstipulate, deciduous, or ever- green. Flowers terminal, corymbose, or axillary. — Shrubs or low trees, natives of Europe, North America, and Asia, which may be arranged in two sections as under : — Sect. I. iSambuVe^e Humb. et Kth. Sect. Char. Corolla monopetalous, regular, rotate, with 5 segments only connected a little at the base; rarely tubular. Style wanting. Stigmas 3, sessile. 5'ambu^cus Tourn. Corolla rotate, urceolate. Berry roundish, pulpy, 1-celled, 3 — 4seeded, hardly crowned. Fibu'rnum L. Corolla rotate, subcampanulate, and tubular. Berry 1- seeded, crowned by the calycine teeth. Low deciduous trees or shrubs ; partly evergreen. Sect. II. Lonice^rE^ Brown. Sect. Char. Corolla monopetalous, more or less tubular, usually irregular Style filiform, crowned by three distinct or concrete stigmas. Diervi'll/1 Tourn, Calyx bibracteate at the base, 3-parted. Corolla 3-cleft. Capsule 1-celled, many-seeded. A low deciduous shrub. LoNi'cER^ Desf. Tube of calyx 5-toothed. Corolla S-parted, usually irre- gular. Berry 3-celled. Cells few-seeded. Deciduous and evergreen shrubs, many of them twiners. Symphorica'rpos G. Don. (Symphoria Pers.) Calyx 4 — S-toothed. Co- rolla almost regular. Berry crowned by the calyx, 4-celled, two of them empty, and the other two containing 1 seed each Deciduous shrubs. XL. CAPKIFOLIA^CEJE ; SAMBU^CUS. 513 Leyceste^r//! Wall. Calyx S-parted, irregular. Corolla 5-parted. Berry 5- celled, crowned by the calyx. Cells many-seeded. A rambling sub-ever- green shrub. Sect. I. Sambu^ce;e. Genus I. SAMBVCVS Tom.!. The Elder. Lin. St/st. Pent4ndria Trigynia. Don'sMin.,3. p. 436. IderUificatiaa. Tourn. Inst., 376. ; Dec. Prod., 4. p. 321. . Synonyme. jPhyteiima Lour. Coch. p. 138., but not of Lin. Derivation. From sambuke. which the Latins have changed to aamlruca, a musical instrument which is believed to have been made of elder wood. Gen. Char., Sfc. Calyx small, but divided into 5 deep segments, permanent. Corolla rotate, urceolar, 5-lobed ; lobes obtuse. Stamens 3, about the length of the corolla. Filaments awl-shaped. Anthers roundish, and heart- shaped. Style none. Stigmas 3, obtuse. Berry globular, pulpy, of 1 cell, containing 3 — 5 seeds, which are convex on the outside, and angular inside, (^lion's Mill.) Leaves compound, opposite, bistipulate, deciduous ; stalked : leaflets toothed, pinnate, or jagged, often biglandular at the base. Flowers white or purplish, in terminal cymes, which are in some flat, and in others thyrsoid. Berries purplish, cathartic. — Those plants of the genus which have pinnate or jagged leaflets, are not true species, but only varieties; all the true species having only toothed leaflets. Trees, low, deciduous, natives of Europe and North America ; ornamental for their compound leaves, and large terminal cymes of flowers ; which are succeeded by purplish, red, white, or green berries, from which a wine is made. All the species are of easy culture, in good soil, rather moist and loamy ; and they are all readily propagated by cuttings. A. Leaves pinnate. Flowers cymose or corymbose, % 1. S. Ni^GRA L. The common, or black-frmted, Elder. Identification. Lin. Sp., 385. ; Bon's Mill., 3. p. 437. fambiloiu nigra. Syjumymei. Bourtry; or Bour Tree, Amtree, Scotch ; Sureau, Fr. ; Hollander, Ger. ; Sambuco Ital.', S'luco, ' ' " T^--j— f...-j . ..ij" T\ Jaourtry, or jsour xree, Armreu, a(-t/si.«, ouicdu, ±-i o, and Sabuco, Span. ; Fla«der, Swed. ; Hylde, Dm. 514 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. Engravings. N. Du Ham., 1. t. 55. ; Eng. Bot., Ut edit, Tol. vi. ; and onr figs. 930. and 931. t. 476. ; the plate of this species in Arb. Brit, Spec. Char., Sfc. Arboreous. Leaves pinnate. Leaflets usually 5, smooth, deep green, ovate or ' oblong-oval, acuminated ; the lower leaves some- times trifoliolate. Cymes with 5 main branches. Branches, after a year's growth, clothed with smooth grey bark, and filled with a light spongy pith. Flowers cream-coloured, with a sweet but faint smell. Berries globular, purplish black. Stalks reddish. (Don's ife//.) A low tree. Eu- rope, and part of Asia, in hedges, coppices, and woods ; and plentiful in Britain, in like situations. Height 20 ft. to 30 ft. Flowers cream-coloured ; 331. j. „igra. June. Berries purplish black; ripe in Septem- ber. Decaying leaves yellowish green. Naked young wood whiti.sh green. S. virescens Desf. Arbr. Fr. i. Varieties. t S. n. 2 virescens Dec. Prod. iv. p. 322. p. 348. — Fruit yellowish green. t S. «. 3 leucocarpa. — Fruit white. t S. «. ilacimdta; 5. laciniata il^K. J)ief. No. 2. (Lob. Icon., 2. t. 164. f. 2. ; and our _fig. 932) ; the Parsley- leaved Elder; has the leaflets cut into fine segments. The hand- somest of all the va- rieties. 932. &'. n. l^inlAta. gss. S. n. f61ils arg^nteis. t S. 7(. 5 rotimdifolia. — Leaves trifoliolate. Leaflets petiolate, roundish, serrated. Corymbs few-flowered. Cultivated in the Chelsea Garden. t S. re. 6 monstrbsa, S. monstrosa Hort., has the branches striped. Flowers of from 5 — 15 parts; and with from 5 — 15 stamens. Stig- mas 5 — 12. Berries irregular, i S. n. 1 foliis argenfeis (Jig. 933.) has the leaves variegated with white, and forms a striking and lively-looking plant in a shrubbery. t S. n. 8 foliis lilteis has the leaves slightly variegated with yellow. The elder is cultivated in some parts of Kent for its fruit, which is much in demand for making elder wine. The flowers and bark are much used by herbalists ; and the wood of old trunks, being very hard, is used as a substi- tute for that of box and dogwood. The young shoots, having large pith, are made into pop-guns, and the pith is used by electricians in various experiments. The plant, both in Britain and on the Continent, is sometimes used for forming hedges, and also as a nurse plant for plantations exposed to the sea breeze. In the latter capacity, it has the great advantage of growing rapidly the first five or six years, and afterwards of being easily choked by the trees it has nursed up. The elder will not thrive except in a good soil, kept somewhat moist ; and it will not flower and fruit abundantly, unless the situation be XL. CAPRIFOLIA CEiE : SAMBU CUS. 513 open, and fully exposed to the light and air. The plant roots so readily from cuttings and truncheons, that, where the soil is tolerably moist, a plantation or a hedge may be made at once, by the use of the latter, instead of employ- ing rooted plants. * 2. 5. canade'nsis L. The Canadian Elder. limtification. Lin. Sp., 385. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 436. Engravings. Schmidt Bamn., 2, 1 142. ; and our Jig, 934. Spec. Char., Sfc. Frutescent. Leaves pinnate or sub-pinnate. Leaflets about 4 pairs, and an odd one ; oblong, oval, stiffish, acuminated, more or less pubescent beneath, sometimes appendiculated at the base. Cymes of 5 main branches. Flowers almost scentless. Berries deep bluish black. (Bon's Milt.) A shrub, nearly suffiuticose. Canada to Carolina, in swamps and near hedges. Height 4 ft. to 6 ft. Introduced in 1761. Flowers white; July and August. Fruit bluish black ; ripe in September. A bush, in foliage resembling the fommon elder, but it is less hardy, and, in Britain at least, never assumes any thing of a tree character. 934. £, canad^osia. B. Leaves pinnate. Flowers panicled. a 3. S. RACEUO^SA L. The ra.ceatose.^owered Elder. Identification. Lin. Sp., 386. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 438. Synonymes. S. montSna Cam. Epit. 976. ; S. cervlni Tabem. 1029. ; Sambuco montana, Itat. Engravings. Jacq. Icon. Rar., 1. p. 59. j N. Du Ham., 1. t 56. ; and our,^^. 935. Spec. Char., Sfc. Shrubby. Leaves pinnate. Leaflets 5, membranous, oblong, acumi- nated, serrated, unequal at the base. Petioles glabrous. Panicle ovate. Leaves pale green, pretty smooth. (Don's Mill.) A low tree or large shrub. Middle and South of Europe and Siberia, on moun- tains. Height 10 ft. to 12 ft. Introduced in 1396. Flowers whitish green ; April and Mav. Fruit scarlet ; ripe in August. . Variety. * S. r. 2 laciniata Koch in Bee. Fl. Fr. Supp. p. 3000. — Leaflets jagged. A native of the Palatinate of the Rhine. This tree has a splendid appearance when covered with its panicles of fine, large, scarlet fruit, which resemble minia- 5,35, s.racemdsa. ture bunches of grapes of the most bril- liant scarlet. Its large leaves, with their deeply serrated pinnae, are also very ornamental. It grows as freely as the common elder, and deserves a place in every collection ; though it is very seldom found, in British gardens, of such a size as to display its beauty. We should think it would succeed if budded on the common elder ; and, as that species is abundant in many places, L L a 516 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. plants might be trained to a single stem, and budded with S. raceraosa standard high. It is very ornamental in the Paris gardens. * 4. S. (r.) pu'bens Michx. The downy Elder. Identification. Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer., 1. p. 181. ; . Don's Mill., 3. p. 438. Synonymes. S. racemdsa Hook. Fl. Bor. Amer. 1. p. 279., but not of Lin. ; S. pub6scens Lodd. Cat. Engravings. Our fig. 936. from a living plant la the Chelsea Botanic Garden. Spec. Char., Sfc. Shrubby. Leaves pin- nate. Leaflets 5, membranous, ovate- lanceolate, or o'blong, acuminated, serrated, pubescent, but chiefly on the under side. Panicle thyrsoid. {Don's Mill.) A large shrub or low tree. Carolina to Canada, on the highest mountains. Height 6 ft. to 10 ft. sometimes 12 ft. Introd. 1812. Flowers whitish ; April and May Berries red ; ripe in August. Closely resembling 5. racemosa, of which it is probably only a variety. Sir W. J. Hooker mentions a variety with 7 leaflets, which may be designated S. [r.) p. 2 heptaphylla. Genus II. S36. S. (r.; pbbens. [iJ[a FIBU'RNUM L. The Viburnum. Lin. Syst. Pentandria Trigynia. Idenliflcation. Lin. Gen., p. 370. ; Dec. Prod., 4. p. 323. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 438. Synnnynies. O'pulus, ribOrnum, and Tinus, Taurn. Inst. p. 607. t. 376. and 377. ; nbtirnum and pulus, Mcench Mcfh. p. 505. ; Viorne, Fr. ; Schneeball, Ger. ; Viburno, Ital. Derivation. According to Vaillant, the word ribiirnum is derived from the Latin word vieo, to tie ; on account of the pliability of the branches of some species. Viburna, in the plural, appears to have been applied by the ancients to any shrubs that were used for binding or tying. Gen. Char. Caly.v limb small, permanent. Corolla rotate, somewhat cam- panulate, or tubular, with a 5-lobed limb. Stamens 5, equal. Stigmas 3, sessile. Berry ovate or globose, 1-seeded from abortion, crowned by the calycine teeth. {Don's Mill.') Leaves simple, opposite, stipulate, chiefly deciduous, but partly evergreen ; petiolate. Flowers in terminal corymbs; usually white, but sometimes verging to a rose colour. Decaying leaves red and yellow. — Shrubs ; natives of Europe, Asia, and North America; of easy culture and propagation, by seeds or layers, in any common soil. § i. Tinus ToTim, Synomjmes. Lentago Dec. Prod. 4. p. 324. ; riburnum Mcench Meth. p. .^0.5. Sect. Char., S;c. Leaves quite entire, or toothed. Style almost wanting ; stig- mas 3, sessile. « ] . F. TONUS L. The Laurustinus. > Identification. Lin. Sp., 383. ; Dec. Prod., 4. p. 324. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 438. Synonymes. V. /aurifdrme Lam. Fl. Fr. 3 p. 363. ; jinus Tourn. Inst. p. 607. t. 377. ; Tlnus iauri- fblia Burkh. in Roem. Arcii. 1. pt. 2. p. 20. ; the Laurustine, wild Bale 'Tree, Gerard; Viorne, Laurier Tin, Fr. ; Lorbeerartiger Schneeball, or Schwalkenstrauch, Ger. ; Lagro salvatico, and Lauro Tino, Ital. Derivation. Laurustinus is from laurus, a laurel, and tinus, the Latin name of the plant ; the word laurus being added, by old authors, from the supposition that this shrub belonged to the same familv as the iaurus n6bilis, or sweet bay. Lorbeerartiger is laurel-like. Engravings. N. Du Ham., 2. t. 37. ; Bot. Mag., t. 38. ; and our.^. 937. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves ovate-oblong, quite entire, permanent ; having the 937. Flbiixnuin Tlnus. XL. CAPRIFOLA^CEiE : TIBU'ENUM. 517 ramifications of the veins beneath, as well as the branchlets, furnished with glandular hairs. Corymbs flat. Flowers white, but rose-coloured befoi-e ex- pansion, and sometimes afterwards for a little time. Berries dark blue. {Don's Mill.) A compact evergreen shrub. South of Europe, and North of Africa. Height 8 ft. to 10 ft. Introduced in 1596. Flowers white j December till March. Berries dark blue ; ripe in June. Varieties. » V. T. 2 hirta Ait. Hort. Kew. ii. p. 166. ; r. Tinus Mill. Diet. No. 4.; V. lucidum Mill., Pers., and Schidtes. — Leaves oval-ob- long, hairy beneath and on the margins. The flowers of this variety appear in autumn, and con- tinue on the shrub all the winter. A native of Portugal and Spain, and the vicinity of Nice. Very distinct, from the comparative roundness of its leaves, and the hairiness both of the leaves and branches. « V. T. 3 liicida Ait. 1. c. — Leaves ovate-oblong, glabrous on both sur- faces, shining. The cymes, as well as the flowers and leaves, are larger than those of the common sort, and seldom appear till the spring. When the winters are sharp, the flowers are killed, and never open unless they are sheltered. This is quite a distinct variety, with fewer and more spreading branches than the common kind, and much larger leaves, which are shining. There is a subvariety of it with leaves more or less variegated with white. It is a native about Algiers, and on Mount Atlas. « V. T. 4 virgdta Ait. 1. c, Clus. Hist. No. iii. with a fig. — Leaves ob- long-lanceolate, pilose on the margins, as well as on the under surface. It is a native of Italy, about Rome and Tivoli, &c. s V. T. 5 stiicta Hort. has a somewhat erect and fastigiate habit. Horti- cultural Society's Garden. There is also a variegated subvariety. One of the most ornamental of evergreen shrubs, the foliage tufting in beautiful masses, and covered with a profusion of white flowers which com- mence expanding in November, and continue flowering till April or May. In British nurseries, it is frequently, for expedition's sake, increased by layers ; but all the varieties are readily propagated by cuttings, taken ofi' in autumn, and planted in a sandy soil, on a northern border. In two years, these cuttings will form saleable plants of the smallest size. The variety F. T. lucida, being somewhat more difficult to strike than the others, is generally increased by layers, which are made in autumn, and root in a year. § ii. 'WMrnum Tourn. Synonyme. Lentigo Dec. Prod. 4. p.'424. Sect. Char., ^c. Leaves deciduous. All the flowers fertile, and equal in shape and size, except in V. lantanoides. Corolla rotate. Fruit oval. ^1t 2. r. Lenta'go L. The Lentago, or pliant-branched, Viburnum. IdetUification. Lin. Sp., p. 384. ; Dec. Prod., 4, p. 325. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 440. Svnomjmen. Tree Viburnum, Canada Viburnum ; Viorne a Rameaux pendans, Viorne luisante, i^'r ■ Birn-blatteriger Schneeball, Gen ; Canadische Schwalkenbeerstrauch, Schwalkenstrauch, EngrSngs. WatB. Dend. Brit., t. 21. ; Schmidt Baum., 3. t. 176. ; and our fig. 938. Spec. Char. SfC. Leaves broad-ovate, acuminated, sharply serrated, glabrous. Petioles with narrow curled margins. Corymbs terminal, sessile. Serraturcb LL 3 518 ARBOEETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. of leaves hooked a little, and somewhat cartilagi- nous. (Don's Mill.) A robust shrub or low tree. New England to Carolina, among hedges and on the borders of woods ; and found throughout Ca- nada. Height 6 ft. to 10 ft. Introduced in 1761. Flowers white ; July. Fruit black ; ripe in Sep- tember. Decaying leaves purple red and yellow Naked young wood yellowish and reddish green. In British gardens, this species forms, when pruned to a single stem, a handsome small tree, flowering freely and producing abundance of fruit, which is greedily eaten by birds. Propagated by layers, or by seeds. * S 3. K (L.) PRiTNiFo'LiuM L. The Plum-tree-leaved Viburnum. Identification. Lin. Sp , 383. ; Dec. Proi, 4. p. 325. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. ^40. Synonyme. V. Lentigo Dm Roi. Engravings. Wats. Dend. Brit., t. 23. ; N. Du Ham., 2. t. 38. ; the plate in Art. Brit., 1st edit., vol. vi. ; and out fig. 939. 938 V. Lent&RO. 939. F. (L.) pinnliOlmili. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves roundish-obovate and oval, glabrous, rather mem- branous, crenately serrated, ending in a short acumen. Petioles marginate, glabrous. Cymes sessile. Berries ovate or roundish. (Don's Mill. ) A large shrub or low tree. New England to Carolina, in hedges and fields ; and also Canada, about Lake Huron. Height 8 ft. to 10 ft. Introduced in 1731. Flowers white ; May and June, Fruit dark blue ; ripe in September. S4 5^ 4. V. (L.) PYEiroYiuM Fair. The Pear-tree-leaved Viburnum. Identification. Poir. Diet, 6. p. 6.58. : Dec. Prod., 4. p. 325. : Don's Mill., 3. p. 440. Engravings. Dend. Brit., t. 22. ; and our figs. 940. and 941. Spec, Char., Sfc. Leaves ovate, acutish, glabrous, subserrated. Petioles smooth. Corymbs somewhat pedunculate. {Don's Mill.) A large shrub or low tree. Penn- sylvania, New Jersey, &c., on the banks of rivers. Height 5 ft. to 8 ft. Intro- duced in 1812. Flowers white ; May,and June. Fruit ovate oblong, black ; ripe in September. sii. c (L.) ,jtit.ii.m. XL. CAPRIFOLIA CE^ : riBU RNUM. 519 Resembles the preceding species, but is not so straggling in its growth. as i 5. V. (L.) nu'dum L. The t)sked-cori/mbed Viburnum. Identification. Lin. Sp., 383. ; Dec. Prod., 4. p. 325. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 440. Svnonyme. V. pyrif&llum Pair. ETigravings. Wats. Dend. Brit., t. SO. ; Mill. Icon., 274. ; and our Jig. 042. Spec. Char., cSfc. Leaves oval-oblong, angular at the base, bluntish, with revolute obsoletely cre- nulated margins, quite glabrous. Petioles beset with scale-like scurf or down. Corymbs pedun- culate, not involucrate. (^Don's Mill.) A large shrub or low tree. Canada to Georgia, in swamps, particularly on a sandy soil. Height 6 ft. to 10 ft. Introduced in 1752. Flowers whitish ; May to June. Fruit globose, black or dark blue ; ripe in September. Variety. s £ V. (L.) n, 2 squamatum ; V. squamatum Willd. Enum. (Wats. Dend. Brit., t. 24.; and our fig. 943.) ; has the surface, mid- ribs, and petioles of the leaves scaly (whence its name), and their margins crenate, sub- dentate. The pedun- cles and pedicels are also covered with minute ferruginous i scales ; and the leaves ' are smaller, and of a bluer green than those 943. F. tinir6Umn. 950. r. (? 1.1 cotinieiinm. 522 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. Spec. Char., Sfc. Partly glabrous. Leaves ovate, and nearly orbicular, plicate, coarsely and den- tately serrated, with the nerves thick and fea- thered, glabrous on both surfaces. Cymes or corymbs pedunculate. Berries small, and nearly globose, of a dark blue colour, and crowned by the calyx. (Don's Mill.) A large shrub. New York to Carolina, in mountain woods ; and also in Mexico. Height 4 ft. to 6 ft. Introduced in 1763. »5i. r.demitum. Flowers white; June and July. 95J. r. dentitum. Fruit small, nearly globose, dark blue, and crowned by the calyx ; not very frequently ripened in England. Varieties. In the arboretum of Messrs. Loddiges, are plants named V. d. pubescens, V. d. foliis variegatis, V. acuminatum, V. longifolium, and V. mon- tdnum, which are either varieties of, or identical with, this .species. M 13. V. (d.) pube'scens Pursh. The downy Viburnum. Identification. Pursh Fl. Amer. Sept., 1. p. 202. ; Dec. Prod., 2, p. 326. i Don's Mill., 3. p. 441. Symmymes. V. dentUum /3 pubescens Ait. Hort. Kew. 1. p. 168. ; V. dentStum semi-tomentbsum Mich. Fl. Bar. Amer. 1. p. 179. ; V. tomentbsum R(tfin. Med. Rep. 2. p. 860. j V. villbsum Rnfin. in l}e&f. Journ. 1. p. 228. ; V. Rafine8quit(n«7« Schultes Syst. 6. p. 630. Engraving. Our^. 9.53. from a specimen in the British Museum. Spec. Char., Sfc. Pubescent. Leaves ovate, acumi- nated, on short petioles, coarsely serrate-toothed, villous beneath, with the nerves feathered and pro- minent. Corymbs pedunculate. (Don's Mill.) A low shrub. Virginia and Carolina. Height 3 ft. In- troduced in 1736. Flowers white ; June and July. Fruit small ovate ; smaller in every part than V. dentatum. The fruit is dark blue, but sparingly produced; the leaves die off yellow and red. 953. r. (d.) pnbteens. jj 14. V. ni'tidum Ait. The shining-leaved Viburnum. Identification. Ait. Hort. Kew., 1. p. 371. ; Pursh Fl. Amer. Sept., 1. p. 202. ; Dec. Prod., 4. p. 326. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 440. Engraving 0\irjig. 954. from a specimen in the Lambertian herbarium. Spec. Char., 4'e. Quite glabrous. Leaves linear-lanceolate, shining above, obsoletely serrated or entire. Branches tetragonal. (Don's Mill.) A low shrub, with small leaves. Carolina and Georgia, in sandy barren woods. Height 2 ft. to 4 ft. Introduced in 1758. Flowers white ; May and June. Fruit;?. H. S. Judging from the plant in the Horticultural Society's Garden, this is a very distinct species, and its smooth shining yellowish green leaves render it more ornamental than most of the others of this section. § iii. O'pulus Tourn. Identification. Tourn. Inst., t. 376. ; Dec. Prod., 4. p. 328. j Moench Meth., p. 605. Sect. Char. Outer flowers of the corymbs radiant and sterile, much larger than the rest, which are fertile, mostly 3-lobed, and deciduous. Seed obcordate. (Don's Mill.) Leaves as 15. V. O'pulus L. The Guelder Rose. Identification. Lin. Sp., 384. ; Dec. Prod., 4. p. 328. ; Don's Mill.i 3. p. 442. Synonymes. V. lobatum Lam. Fl. Fr. 3. p. 363. ; O'pulus glandul6sus Mcench Meth. p. 505. ; O'pu- lus Baii Syn. 460. ; Sambilcus aqu&tica Bauh. Pin. 466. ; Marsh Elder, Rose Elder Water Elder; XL. caprifolia''cejE : fibu'rnum. 523 956. V. O^ulUB, Viorne-Obler, I'Obier d'Europe, Fr. ; SchwalkeDbeer Stranch, Wasserholder, Schne«ball, Ger. ; Maggi, ItaL Derivation. Altered from P6pulus, the poplar, from some supposed resemblance between tbe leaves of the plant and those of the poplar. The English name. Guelder Rose, is derived from Guelderland, where the double-flowered variety was first originated. Engravings. Engl. Eot., t. 332. ; N. Du Ham., 2. t. 39. ; and ourjSg. 959. Spec. Char., ![c. Quite glabrous in every part. Leaves broad, 3-lobed, acumi- nated, unequally serrated, veiny. Petioles beset with glands towards the top, and several oblong leafy appendages lower down. Cymes pedunculate, white, with linear bracteas ; with several of the | marginal flowers dilated, flat, radiant, and without stamens or pistils. Seed compressed. (Don's Mill.) A shrub or low tree. Europe, and part of Asia, in moist hedges and swampy thickets ; fre- quent in Britain, and also in Sweden, as far north as lat. 61°. Height 6 ft. to 12 ft. in a wild state, and higher in gardens. Flowers white ; May and^ June. Fruit elliptical, crowned by the limb of the calyx, bright red, very juicy, but bitter and nauseous. Decaying leaves beautiful pink or crimson. Naked young wood smooth, green. Varieties. a V. O. 2 sterilis Dec. Prod. iv. p. 328., Don's Mill. iii. p. 442. F. 0. roseum Rcem. et Schult. Sj/st. vi. p. 635. ; the Snow-ball Tree, or Guelder Kose; Rose de Gueldres, Pellotte de Neige, Boule de Neige, Poire molle, Fr. ; Schneeballe, Ger. — The specific name roseum is applied on account of the form of the flowers, and not because of their colour. Layers, sometimes by suckers, or it might be grafted on the species, jt V. O. Sfoliis variegdtis Lodd. Cat. ed. 1836 has the leaves variegated with white and yellow. a V. O. 4 nana Hort. — A very distinct little plant, scarcely 1 ft. in height. ^ Horticultural Society's Grarden. The Guelder rose, in a wild state, is not remarkable for the beauty of its flowers ; but its bright red berries, which ripen in September, and which, to- wards the middle of October, assume a beautiful pink, almost compensate for the inferiority of the species to the variety in point of flowers. The leaves of both die off of a fine red on the first approach of frost. The snow-ball tree, or the Guelder rose (V, 0,2 sterilis), is one of the most ornamental shrubs, or low trees, that can be planted in a pleasure-ground. £ 16. V. (O.) ^cerifo'lium L. The Maple-leaved Guelder Rose. Idenlificatim. Lin. Sp., 383. ; Pursh Sept., 1. p. 203. ; Dec. Prod., 4. p. 327. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 442. Engravings. Vent. Hort. Cels., t.72.; Wats. Dend, Brit, t. 118. ; and our j^. 956. Spec. Char., Src Branchlets and petioles pilose. Leaves ovate-cordate, usually 3-lobed, acuminated, sharply and loosely serrated, downy beneath. Petioles gland- less, and, when young, stipulaceous at the base, and rather tomentose. Corymbs terminal, pedunculate, not radiant. (Don's MilQ A low shrub. New Eng- land to Carohna, in rocky mountainous situations. Height 4 ft, to 6 ft. Introduced in 1736. Flowers white ; May and June. Fruit black, oval, and com- pressed ; ripe in September. ajs, p. „_ a.eriftiimn. 524 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. St 17. r. CO.) ORIENT A Ye PaW. The Eastern Guelder Rose. Identification. Pall. Robs., t. 68. f. H. ; Dec Prod., i. p. 328. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 442. Synonymc. O'pulus orientSlis fblio anipUssimo trldent&to Tourn. Cor. p. 42. Engravinss. Pall. FL Ross., t. S8. f. H. ; and our jfe.967. Spec. Char., i^c. Leaves 3-lobed, acuminated, coarsely and bluntly toothed. Petioles glandless, glabrous. Corymbs terminal, not radiant. Fruit oblong, compressed. Seed oval, furnished with two channels on both sides, as in K Lantana. (Don's Mill.) A low shrub. Georgia, in Asia Minor, in woods, on the mountains. Height 6 ft. to 10 ft. Intro- duced in 1827. Flowers white ; July. Fruit;?. gsy.r.io.) orimtjie. 3t 18. V. (0.) Oxvco'ccos Pursk. The Cranherry-fruited Guelder Rose. Identification. Pursh Sept., 1. p. 203. ; Dec. Prod., 4. p. 328. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 442. Synonymes. V. opuloldes MUhl. Cat. 32. ; V. trilqbum Marsh. Arb. p. 162. ; V. O'pulus americAna Ait. tiort Keio. \. p. 373. Engraving. Our Jig. 958. from a specimen in the Lam- bertian herbarium. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves 3-lobed, acute behind, 3-nerved. Lobes divaricate, acu- minated, coarsely and distantly serrated. Petioles glandular. Cymes radiant. (Don's Mill.) A large shrub or low tree. New York and New Jersey, on mountains and throughout Canada, to the arctic circle. Height 6 ft. to 12 ft. Flowers white ; July. Fruit subglobose, red, of an agree- able acid, resembling that of cranberries, for which they are a very good substitute ; ripe in September. 958. V.iO.) Oxycdccos. Varietie,^. St V. (O.) 0. 2 snbintegrifolius Hook. Fl. Bor. Amer. i. p. 281., Don's IVIill. iii. p. 442. — Leaves but little cut, very pubescent beneath. A native of the banks of the Columbia. m V. (O.) 0. 3 mollis. V. molle Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer. i. p. 180., Don's Mill, iii, p. 442. ; V. alnifolium Marsh Arb. p. 162. (Oavfig. 959.) — Leaves nearly orbicular, cor- date, plicate, toothed. (Don'sMill.) Fruit oblong ovate, red. Very like V. O'pulus, and there can be no doubt but that it is only the American form of that species. The fruit is com- paratively large, and not disagreeable to the taste. Were a great number of seedlings grown till they pi'oduced fruit, and then the plant producing the largest and best-flavoured fruit selected and propagated by extension, the cranberry-fruited guelder rose might be cultivated in our kitchen-gardens and orchards for the same purpose as the common cranberry. We have no doubt whatever that its fruit would be soon as much relished by the public as the cranberry ; and, as the guelder rose is less difficult in regard to soil and situa- tion than that plant, a crop of fruit might be depended on with greater certainty. At all events, this and similar experiments offer interesting and useful employment to the amateur who has nothing better to do. ^ 19. F. (0.) eduYe Pursh. The edible/rM^erf Guelder Rose. Identification. Pursh Sept., 1. p. 203. ; Dec. Prod,, 4. p. 328. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 442. 959. y. (0.) O. mdlle. XL. caprifoha^cEjE : diervi'll^. 526 Sj/nont/me. V. O'pulus ecWUs Michx. FL BoT.Amer. l.p. 180. ETigravmg. Our^. 960. from a specimen in Dr. Lindley's herbarium. Spec. Char., ^c. Leaves 3-lobed, bluntish behind, and 3-nerved. Lobes very short, denticulately serrated ; serratures acumi- nated. Petioles glandular. Outer flowers of corymb ra- diant. A smaller and more upright shrub than the pre- ceding species. The berries of the same colour and size ; but, when completely ripe, more agreeable to eat, and frequently employed as a substitute for cranberries. It does not seem to differ much from K Oxy- coccos, except in the broader base of the leaf. (Don's Milt.) Canada to New York, on the banks of rivers. Height 5 ft. to 10 ft. Introduced in 1812. Flowers white ; July. Fruit as in the preceding species. '\,B 960. r. to.) ftdJklc. Sect. II. L0NICE^R£^. Genus III. DIERVI'LL^ Tourn. The Dibrvilla. Lin. Si/si. Pentandria Monogynia. Identification. Tourn. Act. Ac. Par., 1706. t. 7. f. 1. ; Dec. Prod., 4. p. 330. SyTumymes. LonScera sp. L. ; WelgeU Tliunb. Fl. Jap. p. 6. ; Weigeha Pars. Ench. 1. p. 176. Derivation. Named by Toumefort, in compliment to M. Dierville, a French surgeon, who was the first to introduce D. canadensis into Europe. Gen. Char. Calyx tube oblong, bibracteate at the base ; limb 5-cleft. Corolla funnel-siiaped, 3 — 5-cleft, spreading twice the length of the calyx. Stamens 5, somewhat exserted. Stigma capitate. Capsule oblong, acute, l-celled. Seeds numerous, minute. (Don's Mill.) Leaves simple, opposite, exstipulate, deciduous ; ovate, acuminated, ser- rated. Flowers in axillary peduncles, bibracteate, usually dichotomous. — Shrubs, deciduous. North America. Common soil, and suckers. Five species, natives of Japan, and figured by Sieboldt, are probably hardy, but they have not yet been introduced. j« 1. D. canade'nsis WUld. The Canadian Diervilla. Mentiflcatian. WiUd. Enum., ]. p. 222. ; Dec. Prod., 4. p. 330. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 444. Synmymes. Loniceru DiervSUa Lin. Mat Med. p. 62. ; D. Tournef6rta Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer. 1. pf 107. ; D. hftmilis Pers. Ench. 1. p. 214. ; D. lOtea Pmsh Sept. 1 . p. 162. ; D. trlflda Mcench Meth. 492.; D. acadiensis Du Ham. Arb. J. t. 87. Engravfngs. Bot. Mag., t. 1796. ; Schmidt Baum., t. 116. ; and om figs. 961. and 962. Spec. Char., 8fc. Leaves on short petioles, ovate, acuminated, serrated, and, as well as the oetioles, glabrous. Fruit a dry brown capsule. Root 526 AUBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. creeping, throwing up suckers. (Don's Mill.) A bushy shrub. Carolina, New England, and Newfoundland, on rocks and the highest mountains. Height 3 ft. to 4 ft. Introduced in 1739. Flowers yellow J June and July. Fruit brown ; ripe in September. 961. D.canad^nsiB. 96S. D. canod^nalB, There are a number of varieties of this species, differing in respect to the size of the flowers and of the leaves, but they are not worth keeping distinct. Genus IV. LONrCEEil .Oesf. The Lonicera, or Honeysuckle. Lin. Si/st. Pentandria Monogynia. Identifitatian. Desf. Fl. Atl., 1. p. 183. ; Dec. Prod., 4. p. 330. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 444. St/nunymes. Lonicerd sp. Lm., and many authors ; CaprifiMium and Xyh'jsteum Juss. Gen, p. 212.; Xylosteum, Caprif6Uum, Chama:cerasus, /'ericl^menum Tourn. hist. t. 378. and 379. ; Caprifftlium and Lonicera Roem. et Schult. Syst. ; Lonicera and Xyldsteum Torrcy Fl. Un. St.i Chdvre. feuille, Fr. ; Geissblatt, Honeigblume, and Lonicere, Ger. Derivation. Named after j4ctnm LoniceVj a German, who was born in 1628, and died in ISiSS. There was another Lonicer, John, who wrote comments on Dioscorides. Gen. Char. Calyx tube 5-toothed. Corolla tubular, campanulate, or funnel- shaped, with a 5-cleft, usually irregular, limb. Stamens 5. Style filiform. Stigma capitate. Seriies 3-celled. Seeds crustaceous. (Don's Mill.) Leaves simple, opposite, stipulate, deciduous, or evergreen ; sometimes connate, entire, occasionally runcinate in the same species, flowers ax- illary, or capitate, variously disposed. — Shrubs, erect or twining; natives of Europe, the North of Africa, Asia, and America. The greater number of the species and varieties are of easy culture in British gardens, in common garden soil ; and they are all propagated by cuttings, or some of them more readily by layers. The flowers of some of the species are highly fragrant and ornamental ; and that of the common European honeysuckle is supposed to have given rise to one of the most beautiful ornaments of Grecian architecture. "The honeysuckles offer an easy opportunity of improvement, by intermixing the fragrant and more vigorous with the jellow and the scarlet." (Herb. Amaryll. p. 363.) The genus Lo- nicero of Linnaeus was separated by Roemer and Schultes into the genera Lonicera and Caprifolium ; but they were reunited by DeCandolle, whose arrangement has been followed by Sir W. J. Hooker and G. Don, and is adopted by us on the present occasion. The distinctive characters of the sections are as follows: — Caprifolium. Plants twining. Flowers in capitate whorls. Xt/losteum. Plants twining or erect. Flowers axillary. § i. Caprifolium Dec. Identiflcation. Dec. Fl. Fr., 4. p. 270. ; Prod., 4. p. 331. Synonymes. Caprifblium Juss. Gen. 213. ; Lonicera Torr. Fl. Un. St. 1. p. 242., but not of Schult, XL. CAPRIFOLIA CE^ : LONl'CEK-ii. 527 Derivation. From caper^ & goat, and folium, a leaf ; in reference to the climbinR; habit of the species ; or, as appears much more probable, because goats are fond of browsing on its leaves. Sect. Char. Berries solitary, while young 3-celled, but when mature usually 1-celled, crowned by the tube of the calyx, which is permanent. Flowers disposed in capitate whorls. Twining shrubs, mostly deciduous ; natives of Europe, the North of Africa, China, Nepal, and North America ; all of easy culture, and tolerably hardy, but none of them of long duration. A. Flowers ringent. — Caprijolium Tourn. Inst., p. 608. ^ l.'L. Perici.y'menum L. The Woodbine, or common Honei/suckle. Identification. Lin. Sp., p. 247. ; Dec. Prod., 4. p. 331. j Don's Mill., 3. p. 446. Synonymes. Periclj'meuum Ger. Emac. p. 891.; Pericl^menum germ^nicum Riv. Man. Irr. 1. 122. ; P. hortense Gesn. Icon. Pict. fasc. 1. 38. t. 7. f. 49. ; Caprifblium Pericljmenum Bwm. et Schult. 5. p. 262. ; Caprifdlium sylvfeticum La?n. Fl. Fr. 3. p. 36.'). ; Capril<)lium Baii Syn. p. 458.; Woodbind ; Ch&vrefeoille des Bois, Fr. ; wildes gemeines Geissblatt, Ger. ; gewoone Kamper- foelie, Dutch ; Madre Selva, Ital. and Span. Derivation. Pericljmenum, from peri, round about, and kulio, to roll. Woodbine is a corruption of woodbind, and both allude to the habit of the common sort, of winding itself round every tree and shrub within its reach, and binding them together. In tlie time of Chaucer, the woodbine was considered as the emblem of true love, from this property. The name of Honeysuckle has reference to the fondness of children for this plant, who amuse themselves with drawing the trumpet-shaped corollas from the calyx, to suck the honey from the nectary. Ch^vrefeuiUe and Geissblatt both signify literally, goat's leaf. The Spanish and Italian names, Madre Selva, wood mother, and the Dutch name Kamperfoelie, the champion mace, seem to have little relation to the plant. Engravints. Engl. Bot., t 800. ; Schmidt Arb., 1. 107. ; and ourj^. 963. Spec. Char., (fc. Leaves all separate, deciduous, sometimes downy, glaucous beneath, ovate, obtuse, attenuated at the base ; upper ones the smallest. Heads of flowers all ter- minal, ovate, imbricated. Flowers ringent. There are va- rieties of this species with either smooth, pubescent, or variegated leaves; and, when the plant grows by the sea side, they are occasionally more glaucous and rather succu- lent. Corollas externally deep red ; or, in the earlier-flower- ing varieties, all over bufl'-coloured ; in the maritime plant, smaller and greenish. Berries nearly globular, accompanied g5,.i,.p^,,j„,„^,. by permanent bracteas. (Don's Mill.) A twining deciduous shrub, which always turns from east to west. Europe ; common in hedges, groves, and thickets ; plentiful in Britain. Stem 1 5 ft. to 30 ft. Flowers rich yellow ; June and July, and, in moist summers, also in August, and sometimes in September. Fruit deep red, bitter and nauseous; ripe in September. Varieties. Jl i. P. 2 serotinum Ait. Hort. Kew., i. p. 378. Peri- clymenum ger- manicum Miller Dictionar. No 4., (Schmidt.Oester. , Baumz. t. 108.; and our^g. 964.) — Branches gla^ brous. Flowers late, and reddish. This, the late red honeysuckle, produces a greater number of flowers together than either the Italian (No. 3.) or Dutch honeysuckle, so that it makes a finer appearance than either of them duiing its period of flowering. Introduced in 1715. ^ i. P. 3 belgicum. Periclymenuin germJnicum Mill. Diet. No. 4. — Branches smooth, purpHsh. Leaves oblong-oval, of a lucid green above, but pale beneath, on long petioles. Flowers in terminal ver- ticillate heads ; each flower arising out of a scaly cover, reddish on L. P. serdtinum. 523 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNIGUM. the outside, and yellowish within ; of a very agreeable odour. This, which is commonly called the Dutch honeysuckle, may be trained with stems, and formed into heads ; which the wild sort cannot, the branches being too weak and trailing for the purpose. J Z. P. 4 quercifdlium Ait. Hort. Kew., the Oak-leaved Honeysuckle, has the leaves sinuated like those of an oak. Found wild in several parts of England. There is a subvariety of this, with the leaves slightly marked near the margin with yellow. The flowers are like those of the species. All the varieties of the common honeysuckle are beautiful and fragrant ; and, either trained against a wall, twining round a pole and over a parasol top, or climbing and rambling among bushes, form great ornaments to gardens. They are propagated by cuttings ; but a large proportion of these do not suc- ceed, owing to the tubular shoots admitting the wet during winter, and rotting the upper part of the cutting, that the more common mode of propagation is by layers. Both layers and cuttings are made in the autumn, as soon as the leaves have dropped ; and they become sufficiently rooted in one year. (See Enci/c. of Gard., edit. 1835.) -A 2. L. CaprifoYium L. The Goat's-leaf, or pale perfoliate. Honeysuckle. Idenlification. Lin. Sp., p. 246. ; Dec. Prod., 4. p. 331. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 444. Synonyjnes, Pericl^menum perfoIiStura Ger. Emac. p. 891. ; Chdvrefeuille des jardins, Fr. ; Durch- wachsene, Ger. ; Caprifolio, Ital. Engravings. Eng. Bot., t. 799. ; and oar Jig. 965. Spec. Char., Sfc Leaves deciduous, obovate, acutish, glaucous ; uppermost ones broader and connate. Flowers ringent, terminal, dis- posed in capitate whorls. Stems twining! fi'om left to right. Buds acute, glaucous. The lower leaves are distinct, and somewhat stalked; two or three of theupper pairs united; the uppermost of all forming a concave cup. Flowers in one or more axillary whorls, the uppermost whorl terminal ; with a central bud, 6 in each whorl, highly fragrant, 2 in. long, with a blush-coloured tube. Berries each crowned by an almost entire calyx. {Don's Mill.) A deciduous twining shrub. Middle and South Europe, even to the river Tereck in Siberia, and on Mount Caucasus, in woods, hedges, and thickets ; in England, it has been occasionally found in similar situations, in an apparently wild state Stem 555. ^^^^^_ 15 ft. to 20 ft. Flowers blush-coloured; May and June. Fruit elliptical, tawny or orange-coloured ; ripe September. ^ 3. L. (C.) ETRu'sCA Santi. The Etruscan Honeysuckle. Identification. Santi Viagg., 1. p. 113. t. 1. ; Dec. Prod., 4. p. 331. : Don's Mill., 3. p. 444. Synonymes. L. etrfisca Hort. Fl. Austr. 1. p. 298. ; Caprifblium etrdscum Ram. et Schvlt. Syst. 5. p. 261. ; JPericl^menum Gouan Hort. p. 101. ; Caprifblium it&licum perfoli^tum prseVox Tourn. Inst. p. 608. ; The Italian Honeysuckle ; Mansorino, Ital. Engravings. Santi Viagg., 1. p. 113. 1. 1. ; and our %. 966. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves deciduous, obovate, obtuse, pubescent; lower ones on short petioles, upper ones connately perfoliate, acute, glabrous. Flowers dis- posed in verticillate heads, with usually about three heads on the top of each branch ; glabrous. {Don's Mill. ) A deciduous twining shrub. South of France, Sicily, Valais, Carniola, and Dalmatia, on hills. Stem 15 ft. to 20 ft. Iixtroduced ? 1700. gee. l (c.)«j(k«!. XL. CAPRIFOLIA^CEiE : LONl'CER^. 529 Flowers purplish on the outside, yellow within, scented ; May and June. Fruit yellow ; ripe in August. S. 4. L. imple'xa Ait. The interwoven, or Minorca, Honeysuckle. Jdenti/ication. Ait. Hort. Kew., 1. p. 231. ; Dec. Prod., 4. p. 331. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 444. Sunons/mes. Caprifblium implexum RxTn. et SchulL Si/st. 5. p. 2G1 . ; Vincibosco serapreverde, Ital. Engravings, Bot. Mag., t. 640. ; and our Jig. 907. Spec. Char., ^c. Quite glabrous. Leaves permanent, evergreen, glaucescent ; lower ones oblong, distinct ; middle ones per- foliate ; uppermost ones connate, forming a hollow roundish cup. Flowers disposed in capitate whorls, ringent ; pur[)lish before they open, but becoming paler on the out- side as they expand, white on the inside; but finally changing to yellow, as in the common woodbine. (Don's Mill.') A twin- ing evergreen shrub. Balearic Islands, and Sicily. Stems. 10 ft. to 15 ft. Intro- duced in 1772. Flowers purplish, finally changing to yellow ; June to September, 967. li. impUxa. Fruit ?. Variety. i. L. i. 2 baledrica Viv. Camb. p. 84. CaprifoHum bale&ricum Diim. Cows. Bot. Cult., ed. 2. vol. iv. p. 358. ; L. balearica Dec. Fl. Fr. Suppl. 499. ; L. CaprifoUum Desf. Fl. Alt. i. p. 183. — Lower leavey somewhat cordate ; upper ones connate, obovate, glaucous beneath. Evergreen. Bark of branches violaceous, clothed with glaucous bloom. Flowers 4 — 6 in a head, large, cream-coloured, 15 in, to 18 in. long. _g 5. L. flaVa Sims. The yeWovr-^owcred Honeysuckle. Identification. Bot. Mag., t. 1318. : Dec. Prod., 4. p. 332. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 44,"^. Synonymes. Caprifdlium fi^vum EU. Sketch. 1. p. 271. ; Caprifblium FrSsert Pursh Sept. 1. p. 271. Engravings. Bot Mag., t. 1318. ; and our.;?g. 968. Spec. Cliar., ^c. Quite glabrous. Branches twining a little. Leaves ovate, sometimes glaucous beneath, with cai'tilaginous margins ; upper leaves connately perfoliate. Flowers in terminal verticillate heads. Corollas rather ringent; with oblong obtuse lobes. Flowers bright yellow, but, as they fade, becoming orange-coloured; very fragrant (Don's Mill.) .\ twining, deciduous shrub. Paris Moun- tains, in South Caro- lina; and the Cats- kill Mountains, New York. Stem 10 ft. to 12 ft. Introduced in 1 8 10. Flowers bright vellow ; June and July. Fruit ?. A very desirable species, from the large size, rich yellow ciolour, and gratefiil fragrance of its flowers ; but somewhat tender, and, even in the neighbour- hood of London, requiring the protection of a wall. -S 6. L. (f.) pube'sceks Sweet. The pubescent Honeysuckle. Identification. Sweet Hort. Brit., p. 194. ; Dec. Prod., 4. p. 332. ; DoH's Mill., 3. p. 445. 9C9. li. (f.) imb&ocnt. 9C8. L. flava. 530 AKBORETUM ET TKUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. Sijnomjmes. Caprifblium puhescens Goldie in Edin. Phil. Journ. 1822, April, p. 323 ; L. hirsflta Eaton Man. Bot. Ed. 3. p. 341. ; L. G61dii Spreng. Syst. 1. p. 768. Engravings. Hook. Exot. Fl., t. 27. ; Bot. Mag., t. 3103. ; and ourj^. 969. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves broad-ovate-elliptic, on short petioles, pubescent and ciliated, glaucous beneath ; upper ones connately perfoliate. Spikes or racemes composed of verticillate heads of flowers. Corollas beset with glandular pubescence. Flowers yellow. (Don's Mill.) This appears to hold the place in the more northern parts which L. flava does in the south ; of which, indeed. Dr. Torrey suspects it to be a variety. (Hook. Fl. Bor. Amer., p. 282.) A deciduous twining shrub. North America, in Massa- chusetts, Vermont, New York, and Canada, in many places. Stems 10 ft. to 12 ft. Introduced in 1822. Flowers yellow ; June and July. Fruit ?. It appears hardier than the preceding sort. -2 7. L. PARViFLo^RA Lam. The small-flowered Honeysuckle. Identificatirm, Lam. Diet., I. p. 728. ; Dec. Prod., 4. p. 332. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 44.5. Synonymes. Caprifiilium parviflbrum Pursh Sept. 1. p. 161. ; LonScern dioSca Lin. Syst. Veg. ed, 13. p. 181. ; L. mMia Murr. Nov. Comm. Gott. 1776 p. 28. t. 3. ; Caprifblium bracteosum Michx. Fl. Bar. Amer. 1. p. 105. ; Caprifblium diofciim Biem. el Schult. Syst. 5. p. 260. ; CapriRlium glaflcum Manch ; glaucous Honeysuckle ; ChSyrefeuille dioique, Fr. ; Meergriines Geissbliitt, Ger. ; Middelboore Kamperfoelie, Butch. Jingravings. Krauss, t. 27. ; and om Jigs. 970. and 971. Spec. Char., S(c. Quite glabrous. Leaves elliptic, sessile ; lowei- ones somewhat connate ; upper ones connately perfoliate, very glaucous beneath. Flowers disposed in verticillate heads. Corollas glabrous, with tubes gibbous at the base on one side. Filaments ra- ther hairy. Flow- ers yellow, and smaller than in any of the foregoing species, but vary- , ing exceedingly in ' their colour ; for there is a variety 970. L.pmrifi6ra. mentioned by Mi- 971. j,. pa„ifl6ra. chaux in which they are purple. (Don's Mill.) A deciduous twining shrub. New England to Carolina, in rocky shady situations; frequent in Canada. Stem 10 ft. to 15 ft. Introduced in 1776. Flowers small, yellow ; June and July. Fruit scarlet. .2 8. L. (p.) DouGLA^S77.Dec. Douglas's Honeysuckle. Identification. Dec. Prod., 4. p. 332. ; Hook. Fl. Bor. Amer., 1. p. 282. ; Don's Mill., 3-. p. 445. Synonyme. CaprifoMum DouglSsiV Lindl. Hort. Trans. 7. p. 244. Engraving. Our Jig. 972. from a specimen in Dr. Lindley's herbarium. Spec. Char.,^ Sfc. Leaves oval, acute at both ends, petiolate, glabrous, ciliated, tomentose on the outside ; upper ones connate. Flow- ers disposed in capitate whorls. Stigmas exserted. Stamens enclosed. Corollas pubescent, bilabiate, deep orange red. Leaves 4 in. to 6 in. long, deep green. (Don's Mill.) A deciduous twining shrub. Western coast of North America, on the banks of the Saskatchawan. Stems 10 ft. to 15 ft. Introd.1824'. Flowers deep orange yellow; July to September. Fruit?. 972. L.(p.)Doug.i=«. XL. CAPRIFOLIA^CEiE : LONl'CER^. 531 J- 9. L. hispi'dula Dougl. The bristly Honeysuckle. Identification. Dou^l. MSS. Synonyme. Caprif&hum hisptdulum LmdL Bot. Reg. hngravings. Bot. Reg., t. 1761. ; and our^s. 973. and 974. Spec. Char., ^c. Hispidly pilose. Umbels pedunculate. Corolla smooth, bilabiate, longer than the tube of the limb. Sta- mens exserted. Leaves peti- olate, cordate-ovate, obtuse, glaucous beneath, sessile to- wiu-ds the summit. Stem slender. Flowers small. (Lindl.') A prostrate shrub. North- west America, in woods. Stem 2 ft. to 3 ft. Introduced in 1826. Flowers rose-co- loured, nearly scentless; July and August. Fruit ?. 973. L. hispidula. quite other 974. L. hispidula. A very rare species, different from all the honeysuckles. Tn common soil it can scarcely be kept alive ; but in peat and loam it grows as readily as any other hardy American plant. -i 10. L. graVa Ait. The pleasant, oT- etiergreCTi, Honeysuckle. AH. Hort. Kew., I. d. 231. ; Dec. Prod. 4. p. 332. ; Don's SHU., 3. p. 446. Caprifblium gritum P'ursA Sept. 1, p. 161.; L. virginiina Marsh Arb. 136.; ?/*eii- TdentJfication. Syniniymes. cl^menum americaiium Mill. Diet. No. 7.'; CapVifoUo sempreverde, Ital. Engravings. Hort. Angl., p. 16. No. 10. t. 8. ; and our J^. 976. Spec. Cliar., ^c. Leaves permanent, obovate, rather mucronate, glaucous beneath, and reticulately veined, glabrous ; upper ones connately perfoliate. Spikes composed of approximate whorls of flowers. Corollas ringent. Branches reddish brown. Flowers inclining to scarlet on the outside, accord- ing to Pursh. Corolla ringent, reddish on the outside, and yellow inside. Berries red. {Don's Mill.) A sub-evergeen twining shrub. Carolina to New York, on the mountains, rambling among rocks, in shady moist situations, but rare. Stems 15 ft. to 20 ft. Introtl. 1730. Flowers yellow, red, and white ; June or July to Sep- tember, and sometimes till the commencement of frost. Fruit red ; ripe in September. The plant is of vigorous growth, with woody stems, and will live longer than most of the other species. It is inferior in vigour only to L. japonica, the Caprifolium flexuosum of the nurseries. B. Litnb of Corolla nearly equal. — Vericlymenum Tourn. -4 11. L. sempervi'ebns Ait. The evergreen Trumpet Honeysuckle. Identification. Ait. Hort. Kew., 1. p. 230. ; Dec. Prod., 4. p. 332. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 446. Syrumymes. Capriftlium semperrlrens Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer. 1. p. 105. ; Pericl^menum sempervlrens Afi«. Die/. No. 1. ;, 575. l. loiipsrTirciM, LI M 2 luf^ta. 532 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. AUtemas sem'^ervlrens Kceh!. ex Stnid. ; Pericl^menum vivginiacum i?!!/. Man. ilC. ; Majrc Selva de Virginia, Ital. Engravings. Hort. Angl., t 7. ; Krauss, 1. 1, ; and our^. 076. Spec. Char., Src. Quite glabrous. Leaves persistent, sub-evergreen, obovate or ovate, glaucous beneath ; upper ones connately perfoliate. Spikes nearly naked, composed of whorls of flowers. Tube of corolla ventricose on the upper side ; limb nearly regular, with 5 roundish lobes. Branches brown. Leaves deep green above, 2 in. long and 1 in. broad. Whorls of flowers usually 3, at the top of each branch. Flowers of a beautiful scarlet out- side, and yellow inside, about 1 in. long, inodorous. There are several varieties of this species, particularly one with an almost upright stem. (Don's Mill.) A sub-evergreen twining shrub. New York to Carolina, in dry stony woods. Stems 6 ft. to 10 ft. Introduced in 1656. Flowers scarlet ; from May till August. Fruit reddish yellow ; ripe in September. Vmielies. .^ L. s. 2 major Ait. Curt. Bot. Mag. 1781. (Schmidt Baum. t. 104.; and onr fg. 977.) — Leaves roundish, and flowers very large, and of a brilliant scarlet. I L. s. 3 minor Ait. Sims Bot. Mag. 1733. (Ker Bot. Reg. t. 356. ; and our Jig. 978.) L. connata Meerbi Icon. t. 11.? — Leaves oblong, acute 977. L. 5. miijot. St both cuds ; upper ones ob- tuse, perfoliate. F'lowers small, and scarlet both outside and inside. .^ i. i. 4) Brownii Gordon. — Flowers larger and brighter than those of the species. A very desirable variety. The fine scarlet flowers of this species, and the length of time during which they are produced, render it a very desirable one; but it is somewhat tender, and rather capricious in regard to situation. It will not thrive in clayey or wet soil ; neither in the smoke of cities, nor in a confined situation. It grows well in sand, but still better in sandy peat. .S 12. L. ciLio^SA Poir. The ciliated-ZeatJed Honeysuckle. Identification. Poir. Suppl., 5. p. 612. ; Dec. Prod., 4. p. 332. : Don's Mill., 3. p. 446. St/7wni/mes. CaprifWium cilibsum Pursh Ft. Amer. Sept. 1. p. IGO. ; L. cili^ta Dietr. Lex. Sunpi. 4. p. 263. Engraving. Our fig. 979. from a specimen in the Lambertian herbarium. Spec. Char., Sfc, Upper part of the branches hairy on one side. Leaves coriaceous, reticulated, ovate, on short petioles, glaucous beneath, and ciliated on the margins ; upper ones con- nately perfoliate. Spikes composed of approximate verticillate heads of nearly sessile flowers. Tube of corolla hairy, ven- tricose in the middle ; limb nearly equal. Peduncles beset with glandular hairs. (Don's Mill.) A deciduous twining shi'ub. North America, on the banks of the Kooskoosky. Stem 6 ft. to 12ft. Introduced in 1823. Flowers deep yellow; July and August. Fruit ?. 979. ^, ^m,,,^. Ji 13. L. occidentaYis Hook. The Western Honeysuckle. Identification. Hook. Fl. Bor. Amer., 1. p. 282. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 446. Synonymes. CaprifMium occidentSle Lindl. Bot. Reg. 1. 1467. ; Caprii^lium cilidsum Douglas MSS. Engravings. Bot. Reg., 1. 1457. ; and oiajl^. 980. Spec. Char., Sic Leaves oval, almost sessile, glabrous, ciliated, glaucous 978. L, s. minor. XL. C/IPRIFOHA^CE^ : LONl'CER^. 533 beneath ; upper ones connately perfoliate. Flowers dis- posed in verticillate heads. Corolla glabrous, with an elongated tube, which is gibbous above the base; the limb nearly equal. Stamens almost enclosed. (Don's Mill.) Branches and peduncles glabrous. A decidu- ous twining shrub. Fort Vancouver, on the Columbia. Stems 6 ft. to 12 ft. Introduced in 1824. Flowers large, orange red ; June, July, and August. Fruit ?. A great acquisition to our gardens; quite different from L. pubescens, L. parviflora, and L. Douglasii ; and, if 9S0. J., ocddentiius. t'l*^ prcscuce or absence of hairs in the corolla are to be depended on, it is also different from L. ciliosa, which inhabits nearly the same country L. pilosa Willd., Dec. Prod. iv. p. 233., Caprifolium villosura H. B. et Kmith Nov. Gen. Amer. iii. p. 427. t. 298. (and our fig. 981.), is a native of New Spain, in cold places, with purple flowers, not yet introduced. 981. L. pl!6sa. Flowers irregular. — § ii. Xylosteum Dec. Identification. Dec. Prod., 4. p. 333. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 446. Synxmymes. Xylosteon Juss. Gen. 212. ; Lonicertz Rcem. et Schult. Syst. 5. p. 19, ; Xylosteon and ChamsLerasus Toum. Inst. p. 609. ; Xylfisteum and Isika Adans. Fam. 2. p. !i01. ; Cobce'n Neck. Elem. No. 219. J the Fly Honeysuckle ; Hackenkirsche, 6=£2-. ; Hondsbezien or Hondskarsen, Dutch. Derivation. From xylon^ wood, and osteon, a bone ; the wood of L. Xylfisteura bein^ aa hard as bone. Sect. Char., Sfc. Pedicels axillary, 2-flowered, bibracteate at the apex. Berries twin, distinct, or joined together more or less ; 3-celled in the young state; rarely 2-celled in the adult state. The limb of the calyx is generally de- ciduous, therefore the fruit is usually not crowned. {Don's Mill.) Climb- ing or erect shrubs, deciduous, with leaves never connate. Of the easiest culture, and extremely hardy. A. Ovaries and Berries altogether distinct. Stems twining. Nintooa Dec. Prod. iv. p. 33. Derivation. Nintoo, or Sinioo, is the name of L. jap6nica in China. -S 14. L. coNFU*sA Dec. The confused Honeysuckle. Identification, Dec. Prod., 4. p. 333. j Don's Mill., S. p. 446. Synonymes. Nintooa confOsa Swt. Hort. Brit. ed. 2. j Lonicerrt japonica Andr. Bot. Sep. t. 583, ; Nintoo, Sintoo, Ktsmpf. Amten. 5. p. 785. ; CapriRtlium japdnicum Loud. Hort. Brit, let ed. Engravings. Andr. Bot. Rep., t. 583. ; Bot. Keg., t. 70. ; and omfig. 982. Spec. Char., SfC. Branches twining, pubescent. Leaves ovate, acute, rounded at the base, downy on both surfaces, as well as the pedun- cles. Peduncles axillary, longer than the petioles, 2-flowered, opposite, disposed in .something like a thyrse at the tops of the branches. Calycine segments ovate, and, as well as the corollas, pubescent. The flowers are snow-white at first, but gradually change to a golden yellow colour ; hence it is called Suikadsara and Kinginqua, that is gold and silver flowers, by the Japanese. Corolla about an inch long, bilabiate. (Don's Mill.) A de- ciduous twining shrub. Japan, China, and the Himalayas M M 3 10 ft. to 534 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BllITANNICUM. 15ft. Introduced in 1805. Flowers silvery white, clianging to gold colour; June and July. Fruit?. It is somewhat tender ; nevertheless, it will grow and flower freely against an open wall in the neighbourhood of London ; and the extraordinary fra- grance of its flowers, which are produced in the greatest abundance, well entitles it to a place in every collection. -2 15. L. LONGiFLO^EA Hec, The long-flowered Honeysuckle. Identificalion. Dec. Prod., 4. p. 333. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 447. Synojiyvies. CapriRjlium longiflbrum Sabine y Nintoba longiflbra Swt. Hart, Brit. cA.i.; rapriftlium jap6nicum Z). Don Prod. Fl. Nep. 140. ; Cuprifblium nepalenso Limd. Hurt. Brit. 79. Engravings. Bot. Kfg., 1. 1232. ; and our ./^s. 983. and 984. Spec. Char., SfC. Glabrous in every part. Branches twining. Leaves petiolate, ob- long-lanceolate, shining above, and pale beneath. Peduncles short, 2-flowered, about the length of the petioles. Tube of corolla very long and filiform ; limb bilabiate. Flowers several inches long, at first snow-white, but finally changing to a golden yellow colour. (Don's Mill.) A de- ciduous twining shrub. China and Nepal. Stem 10 ft. to 15 ft. Introduced in 1826. Flowers snow white, changing to gold colour ; July to September. Fruit ?. A very showy species, but it is somewhat s84. Jj'™s"- tender in British gardens. .2 16. L. japo'nica Tliunb. The Japan Honeysuckle. Identification. Thunb. Fl. Jap., p. 89. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 447. Sijnonymes. Nintoda jap6nica Suit, liort. Brit. ed. 2. ; L. chindnsis Hort. Kew. ; X. flexubsaioiZrf. Bot. Cab. 1037. ; L. glabrdta Eoxi). ; Caprifblium chinense Loud. Hort. Brit. ; C. flexu6sum Hort. Engravings. Dend. Brit., 1. 117. ; Bot. Cab., t. 1037. ; Bot.Keg. t.712. ; and our^gs. 985. and986. Spec. Char., Sfc. Stems twining, flexuous, hairy. Branchlets opposite, very hairy, bearing 2 leaves and 2 sessile flowers at the base of each. Leaves about an inch long, petiolate, ovate, acutish, villous, pale be- neath ; uppermost ones the small- est. Corolla tubular, irregular, about an inch long, red and vil- lous on the outside, and white inside, sweet-scented, equal in length to the stamens. (Don's Mill.) A twining shrub. China, Japan, and the Himalayas. Stems 15 ft. to 30 ft. Introduced in 1806. Flowers yellow and red ; July to September. Perhaps the most valuable species of the genus, next to the indigenous one. It is nearly evergreen, apparently as hardy as the common woodbine, and of far more robust habit of growth ; and, probably, a much longer- lived plant. Its flowers, which are produced for several months together, are exceedingly fragrant ; and, by pruning and watering, it may be kept in flower in the open garden from April to November, and in a conservatory through- out the year. No garden whatever, whether large or small, should be without this species. Intending purchasers of this species will find that plants in pots are much to be preferred, though they are one half dearer ; because, if they 985. ij.japdnica. XL. CAPRIFOLIA'cEJE : LONl'CER^. 535 are turned out into a large mass of prepared light rich soil, and placed against a wall, the ball being broken, and the roots spread carefully out in every direction, the shoots will cover several square yards of wall the first summer, and flower abundantly. L. longifolia Hort. and our fg. 987., of which there ai-e plants in the London gardens, probably belongs to this section. The plants are apparently only half- hardy. Fruit blue. 9S:. L. longif61ia. B. Bei-^ies distinct, or tisuaUy connate togetlier at the Base, and diverging at the Tip. Corolla liardly gibbous at the Base, or equal. Erect deciduous shrubs. — ChamcBcerasi Dec. Derivation. The name signiiies a kind of false cherry ; the fruit of some of the species resemble cherries. (i)ec. Proi iv. p. 335.). * 17. L. tata'rica Ltn. The Tartarian Honeysuckle. IdentificattOfi. Lin. Sp., 1. p. 247.; Dec. Prod., 4. p. 335. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 448. Synonymes. XyWsteum cordatum Mcench Meth. p. 502. ; X. tatSricum Dum. Corns. Engravings. Pall. Fl. Ross., t. 36. ; Jacq. Icon., t. 37. ; Bot. Beg., t. 31. ; and oat Jigs. 988 and 989. Spec. Char., S^c. Quite glabrous, erect. Leaves cordate- ovate, hardly acute. Peduncles shorter than the leaves. Berries distinct when young, and nearly globose, but at length connate at the base. Flowers rose-coloured, short, some- what gibbous at the base. Fruit ' black, with one of the berries usually abortive. Bracteas 2, linear-seta- ceous. Peduncles 2-flowered. {Don's Mill.) An upright shrub. Tartary. Height 4 ft. to 6 ft. Introduced in 1752. Flowers purplish; April and May. Berry bright red ; i-ipe in August. Varieties. iSi L. t.2 albijlora Dec. Prod. iii. p. 335, p. 181. — Flowers and fruit white. ^ L. t. S rubriflora Dec. 1. c. L. grandiflorum Lodd. Cat. ; L, Hortul. ex Pers. Ench. — Flowers and fruit red. -s L. t. i lutea Lodd. Cat. has yellowish flowers and yellow fruit. m L.t. b latifblia Lodd. Cat. has broad leaves. This is one of the most hardy of European shrubs, and one of the few which grow in the open gardens of Petersburg and Stockholm, without pro- tection during winter. In British gardens, the plant is very common, and it is valued for its early leafing and flowering. It will grow in any soil, and almost in any situation, and is readily propagated bv cuttings. The b\stck-fruited Honeysuckle, Don's L. pyrenaica Willd. Baiimz., siblrica 18. L. (t.) ni'gra L. Uentificalim.. Lin. Sp., 247. ; Dec. Prod., 4. p. 335. Mill., 3. p. 449. Synforth-west America, between lat. 54° and 64° (but probably confined to the vicinity of the Saskatchawan) ; thence to the Rocky Mountains. Height 2 ft. to 3 ft. In troduced in 1824. Flowers yellowish, tinged with red ; May. Fruit ?. 26. L. Ledebou'rji Eschsch. suckle. Ledebour's Hone}- Xdcntification. Eschsch. M§m. Act. Soc. Petersb., 1(1. p. 284. ; Hook. ct Arn. in Beech Voy. pt. p. 14.5. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 449. Engraving. Our fig. 1000. from a living specimen. Spec. Char., S;c. Erect. Branches elongated, acutely tetragonal. Leaves ovate oi' oblong, somewhat acu- minated, stiff, pubescent, topientose on the nerves. Peduncles axillary,. 2 — 3-flowered. Bracteas 4 ; 3 outer ones ovate ; 2 inner broad obcordate, pubescent, at length increasing in size. Corollas gibbous at the base on the outside. Berries distinct. (Don's Mill.) An erect deciduous shrub. California. Height 2 ft. to 3 ft. Introduced in 1838. Flowers yellow, tinged with red ; June and July. Berries dark purple; ripe in September. Very nearly allied to L. invoJucrata, 1000. L. Lalcboiirif. Ah. CAPRIFOLI.CCE^ : LONl CEUX 339 1), .Vei-i-ics two on each Peduncle, joined together in one, which is hi-uniiilicate at the Apex. Erect, bushy, deciduous Shrubs. — Isika; Admis. DfrU>ction. A name, the origin of which is unknown, employed by Adanson to designate this division of the genus. $t 27. L. alpi'gena H. The alpine Honeysuckle. Idmtification. Lin. Sp., 248. ; Dec. Prod., 4. p. 336. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 44D. SyTionymes. Caprifblium alplnum Lam. Fl. Fr.\ CapriH>liuin alpigenum Gtertn. Fruct. 1. p. 136. Isika alplgena Bbrck. \ Isika lilcida Mcench ; Xylosteum alpigenum Lodd. Cat. ; Clia- TOscerasus alpigena Delarb.; Cherry Woodbine j Hecken- kirsche, Ger. % Chamasceraso, ItaL Engravings. Jacq. Fl. Aust., t. 274. ; N. Du Ham., 1. 1. 16. ; and onrjigs. 1001. and 1002. Spec. Char., S^c. Erect. Leaves oval-lanceolate or elliptic, acute, glabrous or pubescent, on very short petioles, rather ciliated. Peduncles 2-flow- ered, shorter than the leaves. Corolla gibbous at the base, and greenish yellow tinged with red or purple. Berries red, and of the size and appearance of those of a cherry ; whence it is called cherry woodbine by Johnson. Leaves large. (^Don's Milt.) A large, upright, deciduous shrub. Middle and South of Europe, in sub- alpine places and mountains. Height 5 ft. to 8 ft. Introduced in 1596. Flowers greenish yellow, tinged with red ; April and Maj-. Fruit red ; ripe in August. Variety. St L. a. 2 sibirica Dec. Prod. iv. p. 336. L. sibirica Vest in Rcem. et Schult. Syst. 5. p. 259. — Lower leaves rather cordate. Peduncles thickened a little under the flowers. Like most other varieties of trees and shrubs, natives of the West of Europe, and also indigenous to Siberia, coming into leaf and flower a week, or more,* earlier than the species. jj 28. L. (a.) microphy'lla Willd. The small-leaved Honeysuckle. Identificalicm. Dec. Prod., 4. p. 336. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 450. Syitonymes. L. alpfgena Sievers ; L. montana, and L. mexicSna Hort. Engravings. Led. Fl. llos. Alt. 111., t. 213. ; and oar fig. 1003. i^ec. Char., Sfc. Leaves elliptic, acute at both ends, glaucous beneath, rather villous on both surfaces, and sometimes rounded at the base. Peduncles 2-flowered, and shorter than the leaves. Corollas greenish yellow. Berries joined, of a reddish orange coloui'. The epidermis falls from the branches. {liotHs Mill.) An erect shrub. Eastern Siberia. Height 3 ft. to 4 ft. Introduced in 1818. Flowers greenish yellow j April and May. Fruit reddish orange ; ripe in August. J. 2^. L. oblongifo~lia Hooh. The oblong-leaved Honeysuckle. Idrnt-fication. Hook. Fl. Bor. Amer., 1. p. 284. 1. 100. ; Don's Mill 3. p. 450. Synmyme. Xyl8steum oblongifblium GoUie in Edin. Fkil. Journ. En^avings. Hook. Fl. Bor. Amer., 1. 1. 100. : and our_^^. 1004. 1001, 1002. L,. alpigena. ino.";. L. (a ) micro. S40 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM iiRITANNICUM. Spec. Char., Sfc. Erect. Leaves oblong or oval, clothed with velvety pu. bescence beneath. Peduncles elongated, erect. Bracteas obsolete. Tube of corolla hau-y, gibbous at the base on one side. Limb unequal, deeply 2-lipped ; the upper lip 4-toothed, and the lower one nearly entire. Berries joined in one, which is bi-umbilicate at the top, bluish black in the dried state, and about the size of a pea. (Don's Mill.) An erect shrub. Island of Montreal, in the St. Lawrence, about Montreal ; Lake Winnipeg ; and the western parts of the state of New York. Height 3 ft. to 4 ft. Intro- duced in 1823. Flowers yellow , April and May. Fruit bluish black ; ripe in August. Horticultural- Society's Garden. St 30. L. CjERU'lea L. The blue-berried Honeysuckle. Identification. Lin. Sp., 34D. ; Dec. Prod., i. p. 337. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 460. Synmymes. L. villfisa MUM. Cat. p. 22. ; XylAsteon villbsum Michx. Ft. Bor. Amer. 1. p. 106. s X. Sol6n!S Eaton Man. Dot. p. 518. ; L. velutlna Dec. Prod. 4. p. 337. \ L. altaica Fall, PI. Ross. t. 37. ; Xylosteum coaruleum canadiinse Lam. Diet. 1. p. 731 . ; X. canadense Dtt Ham. Arb. 2. p. 373. ; Caprif51ium cffirQleum Lam. Ft. Fr., Chamiecerasus cserQIea Delarb. Fl. Au. ; L. py- renaica Pall. Fl. Ross. p. 68. ; L. I'sMiisii Led. Fl. Ross. Alt. 111. t. 131. Ciliegia alpina, Ital. Engravings. Bot. Mag., t. 10G5. ; Pall. Fl. Kosa., t. 37. ; Led. Fl. Ross. Alt. 111., t. 131. ; and our (ifes. 1005. and 1000. Spec. Char., ifc. Erect. Leaves oval-oblong, ciliated, stifBsh, densely clothed with pubescence while young. Peduncles short,- 2-flowered, reflexed in the fructiferous state. Bracteas 2, subulate, longer than the ovaria. Tube of corolla glabrous, short, gibbous on one side at the base ; lobes of limb short, nearly uqual. Ber- ries closely joined in one, which is bi-umbilicate at the apex. Flowers greenish yellow, tubular. Berries i elliptic or globose, dark blue, and ' covered with a kind of bloom. Bark of young shoots purplish. There is no difference between the Ame- 1005. i.. cBrtim. "can and European plants of this ioog. L.ciuiaea. species. (Don's Mill.) An erect shrub. Europe, and throughout the woody country of British North America, as far as lat. 66° ; and of Siberia and Kamtschatka. Height 3ft. to 5 ft. Introduced in 1629. Flowers greenish yellow; March and April. Fruit dark blue ; ripe in August. • ft 31. L. ORiENTA^Lis Lam. The Oriental Honeysuckle. Identification. Lam. Diet., 1. p. 731. ; Dec. Prod., 4. p. 337. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 460. Synonymcs. L. caucasica Pall, PI. Ross, 1. p. 67. ; L. cfflriilea GUld. Itin, 1. p. 423., Chaina?ccrasrj orientalis ^aurifblia Tourn, Cor. p. 42. Engraving. Our %, 1007 from Tournefort's specimen in the British Museum. Spec. Char.; Sfc. Erect. Leaves on very shor petioles, ovate-lanceolate, acute, quite entire, smoothish. Peduncles 2-flowered, shorterthan the leaves. Bracteas 2, setaceous. Berries joined in one, didymous and bi-umbilicate at the apex, 10-seeded. Leaves stiffish, veiny, larger than in L. cteriilea. Flowers greenish yellow. (Don's Mill.) An erect shrub. Iberia and Asia Minor, in woods. Height 3 ft. to 5 ft. Introduced in 1825. Flowers greenish yellow ; April to June. Berries black or dark blue; ripe in September. loo-. l. orientiuj. J, 32. L. ibe'rica Hid). The Georgian Honeysuckle. Identification. Bieb. I'l. Taur., and Suppl., 396. ; Dec. Prod., 4. p. ,137. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 4.'i0. Synonyme. Xyl6steon iWricum Bieb. Cent, PI, Rar. 1. t. 13. fj Suppl., and Lodd. Cat, ed, 1836. Engravings. Bieb. Cent. Fl. rar., I. t. 13., ex Suppl. ; andj^s. 1008. 1009. from living specimens. Spec, Char., Sfc. Erect. Leaves petiolate, cordate, roundish, tomentose or XL. CAPRIFOLIA^CE^E : SYMPHORICA'rPOS. 541 lOOS. L. iMrlca. pubescent. Peduncles 2-flowereci, shorter than the leaves. Bracteas oblong, ciliated. Berries joined together to the middle, globose. Corollas hicid, of the form of those of L. alpigcna. Ovarium touien- tose. Leaves like those of Cotone&ster vulgaris (Don's Mill.) An erect shrub. Georgia, about Teflis. Height 3 ft. to 4fr. Introduced in 1824. Flowers greenish yello w ; April and May. Fruit blood-coloured, some- times pointed as in Jig. 1008.; ripe in August. A very neat little bush, which makes very good garden hedges. 1 009. L. ibferioo. Genus V. I I SYMPHORICA'RPOS Bill. The St. Peter's Wort. Lin. St/st. Pentandria Monogynia. Identification. Dill. Elth., p. 371. ; Dec. Prod., 4. p. 338. \ Don's Mill, 3. p. 4.51. Synonymes. Syraphoric&rpa Jfec*. JS/ctk. p. 220.; Sympht)ria Fcr&. Ench. 1. p. 214.; AnisSnthus WiUd. Bel. ; Lonicera ep. Lin. ; Derivation. FTOtn sumphoreo, to accumulate, and karpos, fruit ; species bearing the fruit in groups. How it obtained the name of St. Peter's Wort we have not been able to ascertain. Gen. Char. Calyx tube globose ; limb small, 4 — 5-toothed. Corolla funnel- shaped, almost equally 4 — 5-lobed. Stamens 5, hardly exserted. Stigmas semiglobose. Ovarium adnate. Berrt/ 4-celled. {Don's Mill.) Leaves simple, opposite, exstipulate, deciduous ; oval, quite entire. Flowers on short peduncles, axillary or many together, bibracteate, small, white or rose-coloured, on short pedicels. — Shrubs erect, bushy, oppositely branched ; natives of Europe and North America; of the easiest culture in common garden soil; and readily increased by suckers, which they throw up in abun- dance. js I. S. vulga'ris 2Iichx. The common St. Peter's Wort. Identification. Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer., 1. p. 100. ; Dec. Prod., 4. p. 339. : Don's Mill., 3. p. 451. Synonymes. Lonicero Symphoricarpos Lin. Sp. 249. ; S. parvifldra Vesf. Cat. ; SymphBna conglo- merata Pers. Encfi. 1. p. 214. ; Symphbria glomerMa Puisli Sept. p. 1G2. Engravings. Schmidt Baum., 1. 115. ; and our.^g. 1010. Spec. Char., Sfc. Flowers disposed in axillary capitate clusters, composed of nearly sessile racemules. Corolla white. Berries red, size of hempseed ; but, in America, according to Pursh, the flowers are small, red and yellow, and the berries purple. Branches brown, smooth. Leaves elliptic ovate, obtuse, gl^u-iMTK cous, and pubescent beneath. The berries are ^W| numerous, and ripen in winter. {Don's Mill.) Ul ^ An erect bushy shrub. Virginia, Carolina, and Pennsylvania, in sandy dry fields. Height 3 ft. to 6 ft. Introduced in 1730. Flowers small, red and yellow ; August and September. Fruit purple ; ripe in December. loio. s,mphoriciipM .uigirii. 542 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. Varlely. ^ . t ji n u sj ,S'. V. 2 foiiis vanegatis, S. glomerata foliis variegatis Lodd. Cat., has the leaves finely variegated with green and yellow. SI 2. S. monta"nus Humi. et Bonp. The Mountain St. Peter's Wort. Identification. Humb. et Bonp. Nov. Gen. et Spec, 3. p. 332. ; Dec. Prod., vol. 4. p. 339. Synonymes. Symphbria mont&na Spreng. Syst, Veg. I. p. 7.57, ; S. glau- cescens Bon^s Mill. 3. p. 4.52, Engravings. Maund's Botanist, 1. 1. 20. ; and our^.^. 1011. Spec. Char., S^c. Leaves ovate, acute, slightly mu- cronate, rounded at the base, pubescent Ijeneath. Flowers axillary, mostly solitary. A dense erect sub- evergreen shrub. Mexico, on mountains, 7000 to 8000 ft. of elevation. Height 5 ft. to 6 ft. Intro- duced in 1829. Flowers pinkish ; August to Oc- tober. Fruit globose white ; ripe in December. A very desirable shrub, perfectly hardy, and almost evergreen. It commences flowering in August, an ' does not cease till it is checked by frost. Layers in common soil. lOll. S, montino. Si 3, S. RAOEMO^sus Michx. The ra.cemose-_floivered St. Peter's Wort, or Snowbeny. Identification. Miclix. Fl, Bor. Amer., 1. p. 107. ; Dec. Prod., 4. p. 339. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 4-51. Si/nonymes. Symphbria racemftsa Piirsli Sept. 1. p. 102. ; ?S. elongata, and S. heterophylla J'rest in Herb. Htcnice ; S. leucocarpa Hort. Engravings. Bot. Mag., t. 2211. ; Lodd. Bot. Cab., t. 230. ; and our^^. 1012. S-pec. Char., Sf-c. Flowers disposed in nearly tei'minal, loose, interrupted racemes, which are often leafy. Co- rolla densely bearded inside. Style and stamens enclosed. Leaves glaucous beneath. Corolla rose-coloured. Ber- ' ries large, white. (Don's Mill.) A bushy shrub, with numerous ascending shoots. North America, on moun- tains, near Lake Mistassins, on the banks of the Missouri, and various other places. Height 4 ft. to 6 ft. Intro- duced in 1817. Flowers rose-coloured; July to Sep- tember. Fruit large, white ; ripening in October, and remaining on great part of the winter. The S. elongatus and S. heterophyllus Presl in Herb. Hcenke, which were collected about Nootka Sound, do not differ from this species, in which the lower leaves are sometimes deeply sinuated. In small gardens, this shrub is rather troublesome, from the numerous suckers it throws up from the roots ;. but, as its flowers are much sought after by bees, and its berries are excellent food for game ; that habit, when it is planted for these purposes, is found rather advantageous than otherwise. For single specimens in small gardens, it might be desirable to graft it on Lonicera Xylosteum, or some allied species of suitable habit. So grafted, standard high, it would form a very elegant little tree. ^ 4. S. OCCIDENT A^Lis Richards. The Western St. Peter's Wort. Identification. Richards, and Frankl. 1st Journ., edit. 2., app. p. 6. ; Hoolt. Fl. Bor Amer,, 1, p. 285. Synanyme. Wolf-berry, Amer. Engraving. Our fig. 1013. from a specimen in Sir W. J. Hgokers herbarium. Spec. Char., S[c. Spikes dense, terminal and axillary, drooping. Corolla and seg- loi.^. s, ocoidentiii.. 1012. S. ratemoSQs. XI,. CAPRIFOLIACEiE : iEYCESTE^R/y/. 543 ments d^use'-v *)earf]ed inside. Style and stamens a little exserted. (Son's Mi!l.) A dense shrub, bearing a close resemblance to S. racemosus. Bri- tish North America, in the woody country between lat. 54° and 64°. Height ■i ft. to 6 ft. Introduced ?. Flowers pinkish ; July to September. Fruit white ; October, and remaining on during the winter. Distinguished from S. racemosus by the larger, less glaucous, more rigid, and denser foliage, and by the flowers being arranged in dense drooping spikes, longer than in S. racemosus, and by the prominent style and stamens. Genus VI. J LEYCESTE^R/^ Wall. The Leycesteeia. Monogynia. Lin. Syst. Pentandrid Idemification. Wall, in Roxb. Fl. Ind., 2. p. 181. ; Dec. Prod., i. p. 338. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 451. Derivation, Named by Dr. Wallich after his friend William heycester, formerly chief judge of the principal native court under the Beugal Presidency ; " who during a long series of years, and in various parts of Hindoostan, has pursued every branch of horticulture with a munificence, zeal, and success, which abundantly entitle him to that distinction." Gen. Char. Calyx with an ovate tube, and an unequal, 5-parted, per- manent limb. Segments unequal, small, linear, glandularly ciliated. Co- rolla funnel-shaped ; having the tube gibbous above the base, and the limb campanulate, and divided into 5 ovate nearly equal lobes. Stamens 5. Stigma capi- tate. Berry roundish, 5-celled. (Bon's Mill.) Leaves simple, opposite, e.xsti- pulate, sub-evergreen ; ovate- lanceolate, acuminated, petiolate, smooth, entire, membranous, glaucous, with an obtuse sub- cordate base. Petioles pilose. Flowers white, with a tinge of purple ; disposed in whorls, forming short leafy drooping racemes, which terminate the branches and branchlets. Srac- teas large, foliaceous, purplish, pubescent and ciliated, lanceo- late, acuminated; generally 6 under each whorl of flowers. Berries deep purple, approach- ing to black, as large as a com- mon-sized gooseberry. Shrub large, rambling, with elongated fistular branches, which rise from scaly buds. Native of Nepal. This genus appears to be inter- mediate between Caprifoliacese and iSubiacesB ; but from the last it is distinguished by the want of stipules, 1014. Leycestirfa formusa. 544 ARBOKETUM ET FRUTICETUM BIUTANNICUM. m 1. L. FORMO^SA Wall. The beautiful Leycesteria. Identification. Wall, in Roxb. Fl. Ind., 2. p. 182. ; Dec. I'rod., 4. p. MS. Don's Mill., 3. p. 4S1. Si/nonyme. Hamfilia connata Piccrari MSS. ^iigravin^s. Plant. As. Rar., 2. t. 120. ; and our Jig. 1014, Spec. Char., Sfc. As in Gen. Char. A large, rambling, sub-evergreen sbruk Nepal, on mountains ; between 6000 ft. and 8000 ft. high, among forests of pine and oak. Height in England, against a wall, 6 ft. to 8 ft. Introduced in 1824. Flowers white, with a tinge of purple; August to October. Fruit purple J ripe in October. Trained against a wall, this shrub has proved quite hardy, but in our cloudy atmosphere it has rather disappointed expectation in the colour of its bracteas, which are much less brilliant than they appear to be in the Himalayas. Cut- tings or seeds, which are ripened freely, in common soil. Order XLI. iiUBIA^CEiE. Orj). Char. Calyx with a variable limb. Corolla monopetalous, with a ■ variable limb, but generally 4 — 5-lobed ; aestivation twisted or valvate. Stamens equal in number tO' the segments of the corolla, and more or less adnate to its tube. Anthers introrse. Ovarium 2- or many-celled, crowned by the limb of the calyx. St^le 1. Stigmas 2. Fruit baccate or capsular. Cells I — 2- or many-seeded. Albumen horny and fleshy. (G. Don.) Leaves simple, opposite, or 3 in a whorl, stipulate, deciduous. Sti- pules short, distinct, or a little combined. Flowers on peduncles, naked, rising from the axils of the leaves, or from the tops of the branches ; heads globose, in consequence of the flowers being sessile, and seated on a sessile piiiferous receptacle. This order includes a great number of genera ; but there is only one of these that contains any ligneous species truly hardy in British gardens. Genus I. CEPHALA'NTHUS L. The Button-wood. Lin. Syst. Tetrandria Monogynia. Identification. Lin. Gen., No. 113."; Ga;rtn. Fruct, 2, t. 86. Lam. 111., t. 69.; Juss. JKm. Mus., 6. p. 402. i Eich. Diss., with a fig. ; Dec. Prod., 4. p. 538. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. GIO. : Lodd. Cat., ed. 1836. Synonymes. Cephalante, Fr. ; Knopflaum 'Ger. ; Cefalanto, /te^. Derivation. From tcephaJ£, a head, and anthos, a flower ; in allusion to the flowers being disposed in globular heads. Gen. Char. SfC. Calyx with an obversely pyramidal tube, and an angular 5-toothed limb. Corolla with a slender tube, and a 4-cleft limb; lobes erectish. Stamens 4, short, inserted in the upper part of the tube, hardly exserted. Style much exserted. Stigma capitate. Fruit inversely pyra- midal, crowned by the lim.b of the calyx, 2— 4-? celled, and separating into 2 — 4 parts ; cells, or parts, 1-seeded, indehiscent, and sometimes empty by abortion. Seeds oblong, terminating in a little callous bladder, (Don's Mill.) — A shrub, with terete branches ; native of North America, Leaves and Flowers as in the order. .3£ 1, C. occidenta'lis L. The Western Button-wood, Identification. Lin. Sp., 138. ; Dec. Prod., 4. p. 538. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 610. Syrumymcs. C. opnositifblius Mcerwh Meih. p. 487. ; Swjimp Globe Flower, Amer. Engravings. Du Ham. Arb., 1. t. 64. ; Schmidt Arb., 1. t. «. ; and omfigs. 1015. and 1016. Sf)ec, Char., Sfc. Leaves opposite, or 3 in a whorl, ovate or oval, acuminated. XLIT. COJIFO SIT.?: . 545 Peduncles much longer than the heads, usually by threes at the tops of the branches. Petioles reddish next the branches. Heads of flowers globular, size of a mar- ble. Stipules deciduous. (Don's 1015. Cephaliimlius occidentilis. lOlc. Mil!.') A bushy shrub. Canada to Florida, in marshy places. Height 3 ft. to 6 ft. Introduced in 1735. Flowers yellowish white ; July and August. - Fruit brownish ; ripe in October. Variety, Si C. 0. 2 bracliypodus Dec. Prod. iv. p. 539. — Leaves elliptic-oblong, 3 in a whorl, on short petioles. Petioles 3 — 4 lines long. There are varieties of this, with either glabrous or downy branches. North of Mexico, near Rio de la Trinidad and Bejar. It will grow in common garden soil, but prefers peat kept moist ; and is propagated chiefly by seeds, but will also grow by cuttings and layers. It is an interesting shrub, from its curious round heads of flowers, and from the lateness of the season at which these appear. Oeder XLII. COMPO'SIT^. Orb. Cham. Calyx limb membranous or wanting ; or divided into bristles, paleSE, or hairs. Corolla 5-toothed or 5-lobed, tubular, ligulate, or bilabiate on the top of the ovarium. Anthers combined, rarely free. Ovarium 1- celled, 1-seeded. Style 1. Stigmas 2. Fruit an achenium, crowned by the limb of the calyx. Albumen none. Characterised by the cohesion of tshe anthers, and the arrangement of the flowers in involucrated heads on a common receptacle. ((?. Don.) Leaves simple, or compound, stipulate or exstipulate, deciduous or ever green. Flowers grouped in heads ; those in each head so disposed, and so environed by an involucre composed of bracteas that corresponds to a calyx, as to seem to constitute but one flower. The genera that include hardy ligneous species are mostly natives of Eu- rope and North America : they are all of the easiest propagation and culture in any common garden soil, and are thus contradistinguished : — SiaiHELi^N^ Lessing. Flowers bisexual. Receptacle with chaiFy projections. Sa'cchaeis R. Br. Flowers dioecious, all tubular. Receptacle naked. Pap- pus pilose. I^VA L. Flowers monoecious, all tubular. Receptacle flat paleaceous. Achenia naked, but homed. Santoli^na L. Receptacle furnished with somewhat flower-clasping paleae. Achenia naked. i4RTEMi'sz4 Cass, Receptacle chaffless. Achenia naked. Heads discoid. 546 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. iSenb^cio Lessing. Receptacle naked, or alveolate. Styles penciled. Pap- pus pilose, caducous. MuTi'sJ^ Cav. Receptacle naked. Achenia somewhat beaked. Pappus of many series, feathery. With the exception of 5accharis, there is scarcely a plant belonging to the order Compdsitae which is truly ligneous, and at the same time hardy in British gardens, and sufficiently bulky for a general arboretum. Where an arboretum is planted on a lawn, and where it is not intended to cultivate the soil about the roots of the plants, there is not a single genus in this order, with the exception of that mentioned, which could with propriety be introduced. Even the common southernwood, if not planted in dug soil or on rockwork, would soon become stunted, and would ultimately die oif. Nevertheless, in a technical enumeration of trees and shrubs, these species could not be omitted. Genus I. STjEHELPN^ Lessing. The Stjehelina. Lin. Syst. Syngenesia Squalls. Identification. Lessing Synops. Gen. Compos., p. 5. ; Ait. Hort. Kew., ed. 2., vol. 4. p. 512. Synonyme. Stasheline, Fr. and Ger. Derivation. So named in iiQuovx oi John Henry SUehelin, and his iQT^ Benedict, Swiss botanists and physicians. Gen. Char., Sjc. Heads homogamous, equal-flowered. Involucrum cylindrical, the scales imbricated and adpressed. Receptacle flat, paleaceous ; the palese narrow, persistent, hardly concrete at the base. Corolla 5-cleft, re- gular. Filament glabrous. Anthers appendiculate at top, bisetose at the base ; the tails more or less bearded. Style bearded on the thickened part. Stigmas concrete at base, and free at apex, obtuse. Fruit oblong, areolate at apex. Pappus in one series, the hairs combined at the base into 4 or 6 bundles. (^G.Son.) Leaves simple, alternate, exstipulate, evergreen ; linear, hoary or silky beneath Flowers in terminal spikes, usually naked. — Subshrubs, ever- green ; South of Europe , of easy culture in dry soil, and propagated by cuttings or seeds. n. 1. S. DU^BIA L. The doubtful, or Rosemary- leaved, Staehelina. Identification. Lin. Sp., 1176.^ Less. Syn. Gen. Compos., p. ii. : WiUd. Sp. PI., 3. p. 1783. Synonyrrte. S. rosmariniiblia Cass., according to Less. Syn. Gen. Compos., p. 5. Engravings. Ger. Prov., p. 190. t. 6.; Lam. 111., 666. f.'4. ; and our.fe. 1017. Spec. Char., S^c. Leaves sessile, linear, finely toothed, tomentose beneath. Inner bracteas of the involucre lanceolate, elongate. (WiUd.') An evergreen undershrub. South of Eui'ope. Height 2 ft. to 3 ft. Cultivated in 1640. Flowers purple, fragrant; June and July. Genus II. 1017. Sta:hehnd dtibia. -BA'CCHARIS R. Br. The Baccharis, or Ploughman's Spikenabd. Lin. Syst. Syngenesia Superflua. Identification. Less. Syn. Gen. Compos., p. 204.; Ait. Hort. Kew., ed. 2, voL 6. p. 2S. Synony^es. Bacchante, Fr. ; Baccharis, Ger, XLii. coMPo'siT^: sa'ccharis. 547 Vcrivation. From Bacchus, wine ; because of the vinous odour of its root. Pliny says the root smells of cinnamon : but eml1?''7"°f '"°"'' '*'^'^°5'', or heterogamous. Flowers of the ffmifof 1 \Tl -^"'"''"'™ 'V 0"e series, sometimes naked, and some- time ca yculated by accessory scales. Scales usually sphacelate at apex with subscanous margins, frequently marked by two nerves on the ba'^k Re. ceptacle destitute of pales, naked or alveolate. StyUs of hermaphro^te XLH. compo'sitje: mvti'sia. 551 flowers truncate, and penciled at apex. Achenia beakless, wingless, nearly terete, and sulcately angular. Pappus pilose, in many series,, caducous ; bristles erect, nearly equal, very slender, scarcely scabrous. — Herbs or shrubs, very variable in habit. Leaves alternate. Flowers solitary, co- rymbose, or panicled. Ligulae of heads yellow, rarely purple or white ; the disks usually yellow. (&. jDob.) Leaves simple, apparently compound, alter- nate, exstipulate, evergreen ; pinnatifid. Flowers terminal. — A suffruticose bush, native of the South of Europe. tt 1. S. CiNERA^RiA Dec. The Cineraria-like Senecio, or Sea Ragwort. Identification. Dec Prod., 6. p. 355. ; Sweet Hort, Bfit, ed. 3. p. 384. Synonymes. Cineraria maritima Lin. Sp. 1214 ; Jacobse^a ma- ritima Bonp. ; Sicilian Ragwort ; Cineraire, i^. ; Meerstracds Aschenpflanz'e, Ger. ; Cenerina, Itat. Engravings. Flor. Grace, t. 871. ; and our Jig. 1025. Spec. Char., ^c. Leaves pinnatifid, tomentose be- neath ; the lobes obtuse, and each consisting of about 3 obtuse lobelets. Flowers in panicles. Involucre tomentose. (^Willd.) A sufiru- tescent bush, remarkable for the white mealy aspect of its rambling branches and foliage. South of Europe, on tne sea coast and on rocks. Height 3 ft. to 4 ft. Introduced in 1396. Flowers yellow, ragwort-like ; June to August. Unless planted in very dry soil, it is liable to be killed to the ground in se- vere winters ; but suCh is the beauty of its whitish, large, and deeply sinuated foliage, at every season of the year, that it well deserves a place on rockwork or against a wall, where it may be associated with 5olanum marginatum, and any other ligneous whitish-leaved species of that genus. 1025. S. Cineraria. Genus VII. L\j MVTI'SIA Cav. The Mutisia. Lin. St/st. Superflua. Syngenesia Polygamia Identification. Idn. £1. Sup. Plant. ; Dec. Frod., 7, p. 4. ; Car. Icon., 5. p. 64. ; Hook. Bot. Misc.. 1. p.7. Derivation. Kamed by Linnsus after his learned friend and correspondent, Don Jose Celestino Mutis, chief of the botanical expedition to New Grenada. Gen. Char., S^c. Heads heterogamous, unequal-flowered. Involucre of many series of flat imbricated scales ; outer ones shorter. Receptacle naked. Flowers of the disk hermaphrodite, those of the r^y female. Corollas bila- biate, the tube 5 — 10 — 15-nerved ; those on the disk rather tubular, the throat not distinct from the tube ; outer lip of the limb tridentate, inner one bipartite : the outer lip of the ray flowers large, ligula-formed, and tridentate at apex ; under one bipartite, with linear lobes. Anthers wanting in the ray flowers ; those in the disk exserted, long-tailed. Style cylindrical, bifid. Achenia beaked, ribbed, long, and glabrous ; the paleae being confer- ruminated at the base, fall oflF altogether or in one piece. (G. Don.) Leaves simple or apparently compound, alternate, exstipulate, evergreen ; entire or serrated; the common petiole usually drawn out at the end into a tendril. Flowers purple, rose-coloured, or yellow. — Climbing shrubs, natives of South America, requiring the protection of a wall in the climate of London. N N 4 552 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. fi. 1. M. LATiFo^iA D. Don. The broad-leaved Mutisia. Identification. D. Don in Lin. Trans., 15. p. 370. ; Brit Fl. Gard., 2a.series, t. 288. Engravings, Swt. Brit. Fl. Card., 1. u. ; and omflg. 1026. Spec. Char., ^c. Stem winged. "Wings broad, leafy. Leaves cordate-oblong, dentate- spinose, woolly beneath. Involucre scaly, appendicukte. Pappus arranged in a double series, feathery, equal, truncate at the apex. (D. Don.) A climbing evergreen shrub. Valparaiso in Chili, on hills, among bushes. Stem 10 ft. to loft. Introduced in 1832. Flowers pink, or rosy, and yellow ; Septem- ber and October. A very singular and at the same time beau- tiful shrub, which no collection ought to be without, where there are a wall and a dry soil. Other Species. — M. Uicifolia, M. mflexa, M. Imearijolm, M. rundndta, and M. sub- spinbsa, are figured and described in Hooker's Botanical MUcdlany, vol. i.; and M. arach- loss. MuiisiaiatiBua. noldea Mart, is figured in Bot. Mag., U 2703. Most of these species would probably live against a wall in a warm situation, on a dry soil. At all events M. latifolia is tolerably hardy, having stood out several years in the climate of London, without the slightest protection ; and as it represents a family of climbers so very different from every other hitherto cultivated in British gardens, we cannot but strongly recommend it to every one who is curious in plants. Order XLIII. EVilCA>C^M.. Ord. CbaR. Calyx and Corolla each with 4 — 5 segments. Stamens 4 — 5 — 8 — 10, inserted variously, but alternately with the segments of the corolla, where not more numerous than they. Anthers, in most, with 2 cells. Ovary with its cells, in most, agreeing in number with the segments of the calyx or corolla. Style and stigma undivided. Seeds many. Albumen fleshy. Embryo erect, slender. Leaves simple, opposite or whorled, stipulate or exstipulate, deciduous or evergreen; entire or serrated. Inflorescence variable, the pedicels generally bracteate. — Shrubs, deciduous and evergreen, and some of them low trees ; natives of most parts of the world ; and containing many of our finest and most ornamental harpy shrubs in British gardens. All the species have hair-like roots, and require a peat soil, or a soil of a close cohesive nature, but which is yet susceptible of being readily pene- trated by the finest fibrils which belong to any kind of plants. • Peat, thoroughly rotted leaf mould, or very fine loamy sand, are soils of this description, and are accordingly required, more or less, for all the plants of this order. The hair-like roots of the jBricacese soon suffer, either from a deficiency or a superfluity of moisture; and hence an important part of their culture in gardens consists in keeping the soil in which they grow equally moist. In transplanting hair-rooted plants, they are very apt to suffer from their slender fibrils coming in contact with the air : but, fortunately, these fibrils are so numerous, and so interlaced with each other, as to form a kind of network, which encloses and supports a portion of the soil in which they grow ; and the plants are, consequently, almost always sent from the nurseries XLIII. £RICA'CEiE. 553 with small balls of earth attached to them. All the species are readily propa- gated by seeds, layers, or cuttings. The following characteristics of the genera, and of the groups which they form, are deduced from Don's Miller, in which the whole order has been . remodelled by Professor Don : — Sect. I. £ki'ceje. Sect. Char. Calyx not connate with the ovary, except in Gaulthena. Disk nectariferous, hypogynous. Fruit, in most, a capsule. Inflorescence, in the bud state, naked. § i. Evix'syEM, NORMAXES. Calyx and Corolla each with 4 Segments, Corolla permanent. Stamens 8. Fruit with 4 Cells. £ri'ca Z>. Son. Filaments capillary. Anthers not protruded beyond the corolla; the cells short, opening by an oblong hole. Stigma peltate. Leaves needle-shaped, scattered, or in whorls. Gypsoca'llis Sal. Filaments flat. Anthers protruded beyond the corolla the cells opening by an oblique hole. Stigma simple. Leaves needle-shaped, in whorls. Callu'na Sal. Corolla shorter than the calyx. Filaments dilated. Anthers not protruded beyond the corolla, with two small appendages at the base : their cells end in a point, and open lengthwise. Leaves arrow-shaped at the base, obtuse at the tip ; in transverse section triangular, imbricate in 4 rows. § ii. Androme'd£-E. Corolla ' deciduous. Stamens, in most, not protruded beyond the Corolla, A. TTie following 7 Genera have all been instituted out of the Genus Andromeda.^ and all have 10 Stamens, 1 Pistil, and Fruit that has a loculicidal Dehiscence. ANDRo'siEDi* L. Calyx with 5 acute segments. Corolla globose, with a contracted S-toothed mouth. Filaments bearded. Anthers with short, 1-awned cells. Stigma truncate. Leaves linear , lanceolate. Flowers in terminal umbel-like groups. Cassi^op£ D. Don. Calyx with 5 leafy segments. Corolla bell-shaped, 5-cleft. Filaments glabrous. Anthers with short, tumid, 1-awned cells. Stigma obtuse. Capsule with its valves bifid at the tip. Small heath-like shrubs. Leaves imbricate. Flowers solitary. Cassa'ndr/I D; Don. Calyx bibracteate, 5-cIeft. Corolla oblong, with a contracted 5-toothed mouth. Filaments glabrous. Anthers with cells elongated at the tip, and tubular there. Stigma annulated. Leaves with short petioles, and elliptic oblong disks, that have peltate scales on both surfaces. Flowers axillary, disposed as if in racemes along the terminal parts of the branches. Zeno^m D. Don. Calyx S-toothed. Corolla bell-shaped, with a revolute S-lobed limb. Filaments glabrous. Anthers with cells elongate, tubular, and 2-awned at the tip. Stigma truncate. Leaves dilated, with the margins usually toothed. Flowers in racemes. LyoV/-4 Nutt. Calyx 5-parted. Corolla ovate or tubular, with a contracted 5-toothed mouth. Filaments short, flat, downy. Anthers with membra, nous cells that open lengthwise. Stigma obtuse. Capsule 5-cornered. Flowers for the most part terminal, disposed in racemose panicles. Leuco'thos D. Don, Calyx with 5 leafy segments. Corolla tubular, toothed. Filaments flat, downy. Anthers with short truncate cells. Stigma large, capitate. Flowers white, in racemes. Pi^Ris D. Bon. Calyx 5-parted. Corolla tubular or ovate, with a con- tracted, 5-toothed, revolute mouth. Filaments dilated, furnished with 2 bristles at the tip. Anthers with short incumbent cells that open length- 554 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. wise. Stigma truncate. Leaves coriaceous. Flowers drooping, terminal, racemose. B. Capsule with the Dehiscence scpticidal. Phyllo'doce Sal. Calyx with 5 segments. Corolla globose, with a con- tracted 5-toothed mouth. Stamens 10, not protruded. Filament.o slen- der, glabrous. Anthers with short truncate cells. Stigma peltate, with 5 tubercles. Brya'nthus Gmel. Calyx 5-leaved, imbricate. Corolla deeply 5-parted, spreading. Stamens 10, shorter than the corolla. Filaments flattened, glabrous. Cells of anthers short, awned behind. Stigma obtuse. Capsule 3-celled. Dabce~c/^ D. Don. Calyx with 4 segments. Corolla oval, inflated ; its mouth 4-toothed. Stamens 8, enclosed. Filaments dilated, glabrous. Anthers linear, sagittate at the base, their cells parallel, loosened at the apex, opening lengthwise. Stigma truncate. Capsule 4-celled. C. Cah/x and Corolla each with 5 Segments. Stamens 10, not protruded bet/ond the Corolla. A'rbvtvs Camer. Corolla globose or ovate, with a small reflexed border. Anthers compressed at the sides, opening at the tip by 2 pores, fixed by the back beneath the tip, and there furnished with 2 reflexed awns. Ovary with 5 cells, ovules in each cell many. Berry externally granulate. .^rctosta'phylos Adam. All as in j4'rbutus, except that the fruit is not externally granulate, and that the cells, which are 5 in number, include each but 1 seed. Perne'tty.4 Gaudichaud. Corolla globose, with a revolute limb. Anthers with the 2 cells 2-lobed at the tip, the lobes bifid. Hypogynous scales 10, 3-lobed, surrounding the ovary. Berry with 5 cells and many seeds. GAULTHE'R/yl L. Corolla ovate, inflated. Anthers bifid at the tip, each lobe with 2 awns. Ovary half-inferior. Hypogynous (? perigynous) scales 10, usually united at the base. Capsule with 5 cells, the dehiscence loculicidal. EpiGa;^A L. Corolla salver-shaped. Capsule with 5 cells. CleVhra L. Corolla so deeply 5-parted as to seem 5-petaled. Filaments membranous. Capsule with 3 cells, many seeds, and a loculicidal dehis- cence. D. The Characteristics as under. Phaleeoca'rpl's D. Don. Calyx 4-cleft,i with 2 bracteas at its base. Co- rolla short, campanulate, 4-cleft. Stamens 8. Filaments ? hairy. Anthers semibifid. Hypogynous disk 8-lobed or 8-toothed. Sect. II. iJHODo'REiE. Sect. Char. Calyx not connate with the ovary. Disk nectariferous, hypo- gynous. Buds of inflorescence resembling strobiles in form, and in being scaly. Leaves flat, callous at the extremity of the midrib. ifHODODE NDRON D. Don. Calyx 5-parted. Corolla somewhat funnel- shaped, 3-cleft. Stamens 5 — 10. Anthers opening by terminal pores. Capsule S-celled, 5-valved, opening at the tip. Ka'lmI^ L. Corolla of the shape of a wide-spread bell, and with 10 cavities on the inside, in which the anthers of 10 stamens repose before shedding their pollen. Capsule 5-celled. Dissepiments marginal. Menzie's7/1 D. Don. Calyx 4-cleft. Corolla globose, 4-cleft. Stamens 8. Capsule 4-celled, 4-valved. Azalea D. Don. Calyx 5-parted Corolla bell-shaped, 5-cleft. Stamens 5. Cells of anthers opening lengthwise. Capsule 5-celled, 5-valved, opening at top. XLin, £rica"ce^: £RrcA. 555 Leiophy'llum Pei-s. Calyx and corolla deeply 5.parted. Stamens 10, exserted. Anthers lateral, opening lengthwise on the inside. Capsule 5- ceUed, .5-vaived, openuig at the tip. Z,B^UM L. Calyx minute, 4-toothed. Corolla in 5 segments, so deep as to seem petals Stamens 5—10, exserted. Anthers opening by pores at the tip. Capsule 5-celled, 5-valved, opening at the base. Seeds terminatinc m a wmg at each end. Sect. III. Kaccinie"^. Sect. Char. Calyx connate with the ovary. Disk nectariferous, perigvnous. Fruit a berry. ' "■' Taoci'nium L. Calyx 4— 5-toothed. Corolla pitcher-shaped or bell-shaped, 4— 5-cleft. Stamens 8—10. Anthers 2-horned ; and, in some, furnished at the back with spreading spurs or bristles. Berry globose, 4— S-celled many-seeded. OxYco'ccus Pers. Calyx 4-cleft. Corolla 4-parted, with the segments somewhat linear and revolute. Stamens 8. Filaments connivin". Anthers tubular, tripartite. Berry 4-celled, many-seeded. Sect. I. £ri'ce^. § i. ^ricece normdles. In British gardens all the species are propagated by layers or division, or by cuttings from the points of the growing shoots planted, but not deep, in pure sand, and covered with a hand-glass. All the plants require a peaty soil, mixed with sand ; a cool subsoil, moist rather than dry ; and an open airy situation. They also require to be renewed every 3 or 4 years. Genus I. D JSRrCA D. Don. The Heath. Lin. Sysl. Octandria Monogynia. Identification. D. Don in Edinb. New Phil. Journ., 17. p. 152. ; Don's Mill., i,. p. 790, Synonymes, £rlca sp. of Linnsus and other authors ; Bruy^re, Fr. ; Heide, Ger. ; Erica, Ital. Derivalion. The erica of Pliny is altered from the ereilce of Theophrastus, which is derived from erei/cOt to breali ; from the supposed quality of some of the species of breaking the stone in the bladder. Gen. Char. Calyx 4-parted, with a naked base. Corolla globose or urceolate, with a 4-lobed limb. Stamens enclosed. Filaments capillary. Anthers bifid ; cells of anthers opening by an oblong hole, awned or crested at the base or mutic. Stigmas peltate. Capsule 4-celled, many-seeded. (Don's Mill.) Leaves simple, alternate or verticillate, exstipulate, evergreen ; linear or chaflFy. Flowers terminal, fascicled, or racemose. Pedicels scaly. — Shrubs, diminutive, evergreen, with hair-like roots ; natives of Europe. B. 1. E. T^'tralix L. The four-leaved Heath. IJentificaltm. Lin. Sp., ed. 2. p. .'507. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 792. Htmonvmes. E. botuliformis Sal. in Lin. Soc. Tram. 4. p. 369. ; E. barbftrica Baii Syn. 471. ; E. pilmila Par/c. Theatr. 1483. No. 6. ; E. r6tralix rilbra Hort. Eric. Wohum. p. 25. ; the cross- leaved Heath ; Sumpf Heide, Ger. ; Scopa di Fior rosso, Ital. Engravings. Curt. Fl. Lond., fasc. 1. 1. 21. ; Eng. Bot, 1. 1314. ; and omfig. 1027. 656 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. Spec. Char., S^c. Plant of a greyish hue. Leaves ciliated, 4 in a whorl. Flowers in terminal heads. Corolla ovate-globose, about 3 lines long, downy at the tip outside. Spurs of anthers lanceolate. (Don's Mill.) A diminutive evergreen bush. North of Europe, in boggy ormoory ground ; plentiful in Britain. Height 6 in. to 1 ft. Flowers red ; July to September. Vai-ietics. a. E. T. 1 rubra Hort. Eric. Woburn. p. 25. — Corolla pale red. n. E. T. 2 cdrnea Loudon's H. B. — Corolla of a flesh colour. n. E. T. 3 alba Hort. Eric. Woburn. p. 25. — Corolla white, n. E. T. 4 Mac/caiana. E. Mackaiana Bab. Fl. Hiber. p. 181. — It has the leaves and calyx of E. ciliaris, and the flowers of E. Tetralix ; probably a hybrid between the species. Ireland. The badge of the clan Macdonald, and the species most commonly used for making besoms. «. 2. E. ciNEREA L. The grey Heath. Identification. Lin. Sp., ei. 2. p. 601. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 795. Syrwnymes. E. mutabilis Salish. in Lin. Trans. 4. p. 369. ; E. hilmilis Neck. Gall. 182. ; E. tenui- fiJUa Ger. 1198. ; E. cindrea riibra Bort. Eric. Woburn. p. 5. ; Scopa, Ital. Curt. Fl. Loni, fasc. 1. t. 25. ; EnRl. Bot., t. 1015. ; and our ^.1028. 1027 E. rftralii. 102S. E. cin^rea. Spec. Char., ^-c. Leaves 3 in a whorl. Corolla ovate-urceo- late. Flowers verticiliate, on the naked stems. Crests of anthers ear-formed. Corolla 3 lines long, purple, changing to blue as it fades. This is easily distinguished from E. Tetralix by its glaucous deep green hue, and deep purple or sometimes white flowers. {Don's Mill.) A diminutive evergreen shrub. Europe, but not in the south, nor in the extreme north ; plentiful in Britain. Height 6 in. to 1 ft. Flowers purple, changing to blue as they fade ; July to September. Varieties. u. E. c. 2 atropurpurea Lodd. Bot. Cab. 1409. — Plant dwarf. Flowers deeper purple. n. E. u. 3 dlha Lodd. Cat. — Flowers white. a. E. c. 4 pallida Lodd. Bot. Cab. 150-7. — Flowers pale purple. a. E. V. 5 carnescens Lodd. Cat. — Flowers flesh-coloured, a. E. c. 6 prolifera Lodd. Cat. — Flowers proliferous, a. E. c. 7 striata Lodd. Cat. — Branches erect. The badge of the clan Macalister. Readily distinguished from E. Tetralix by its glabrous deep green hue, and deep purple flowers. A 3. E. AusTRA^Lis L. The southern Heath. Identification. Lin. Mant., p. 231. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 795. Syncmyme. E. pistillaris Sal. in Ein. Soc. Trans. 6. p. 368. Engravings. Andr. Heaths, 3. t. 21.; Bot. Cab., t. 1472.; -and our fie. 1029. Spec. Char., S^c. A shrub, 3 ft. to 6 ft. high. Leaves 4 in a whorl, scabrous, spreading, mucronate. Flowers terminal, small. Corolla purphsh red, 3 lines long, with a curved funnel-shaped tube, and a recurved limb. Pedicels beset with gemmaceous bracteas. Anthers crested. (Don's Mill.) An erect pyramidal shrub. Spain and Portugal. Height 5 ft. to 7 ft. Introduced in 1769. Flowers red; April to August. ,020. £.a„.irM|s, XLIII. £RICA^CEiE: GYPSOCA'lLIS. 557 One of the most showy of all the arboreous heaths, and flowering pro- fusely when planted in an open situation. «. 4. E. cilu'ris L. The citiate-leaved Heath, Identification. Lin. Sp ,'ed. I. p. 354. ; Don's Mill,, p. 798. Engravings. Bot. Mag,, t. 4S4. ; Eng. Bot, Suppl,, t. 2618. ; and our /fe.1030. /Ipec. Ctiar., S^c. Leaves 3 in a whorl, ovite, glan- dularly ciliate, spreading, rather remote. Flowers terminal, subracemose, directed to one side. Brac- teas sessile, approximate to the calyx. Segments of calyx spathulate, ciliate. Corolla smooth, ovate, more ventricose on the upper side, 4 lines long, pale red. Style prominent. (Don's Mill.) A diminutive evergreen shrub. Portugal, and Eng- land, in Cornwall. Height 6 in. to 1 ft. Flowers ■pale red ; August and September. A comparatively rare and very beautiful species. wzo. e. ciiaris. Genus II. GYPSOCA'LLIS Sal. The Gypsocallis, or Moos Heath. Lin. Si/st. Octandria Monogynia. Identification. Salisbury's MSS. ; D. Don in E. Phil. Journ,, 17. p. 153. ; Don's Mill,, 3. p, 800. Synonyme. prices sp. of other authors. Derivation. *' From gupsos, lime, and kallistos, most beautiful ; the species are very elegant, and generally inhabit calcareous districts." (Don's JUill.') Gen. Char. Calyx 4-parted, glumaceous, naked at the base. Corolla cam- panulate, or short tubular, with a dilated- mouth. Stamens exserted ; fila- ments flattened or filiform. Anthers bipartite, having the cells mutic at the base, distinct and substipulate, dehiscing by an oblique pore. Stigma simple. Capsule 4-ceUed, many-deeded. {Bon's Mill.) Leaves simple, alternate, exstipulate, evergreen ; acerose, whorled, lateral or terminal. Flowers crowded. — Shrubs, diminutive, evergreen; natives of Eiu-ope and Africa. This genus is easily distinguished from .Erica, by the exserted anthers, flattened filaments, and simple stigma. tt. L G VA^GANS Sal. The wandering Gypsocallis, or Cornish Moor Heath. Identification. Sal. MSS. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 800. Synonymes. E. vigans Lin. Mant. 2. p. 230. ; E. vaga Sal. m Lin. Soc. Trans. 6. p. 344. ; E. multiflbra Htids. Ft. Anglica 1. 66. ; B. dldyma Stokes in WitheriAg's Bot. Arrangement 400. ; B, purpurascens JLam. Diet. 1. p. 488. Engravings. Eng. Bot., t. 3. ; Bull. Fl. Par., t. 203. ; and omfig. 1031. £pec. Char., ^c. Stem glabrous. Leaves 4 — 5 in a whorl, con- tiguous, glabrous. Flowers small, upon footstalks, axillary, mostly 2 in an axil, and those of any branch seeming as if dis- posed in a raceme, from the flowers being stalked and produced from axils near one another. Bracteas remote from the calyx. Corolla short, bell-shaped. {Don's Mill.) A diminutive ever- green shrub. England, in Cornwall; and the South of France and North of Africa. Height 6 in, to 1 ft. Flowers pale purplish red ; July to September. ■yo/n£ti£S n, G.v. 2 pallida.— CoroWa. pale red. (Don's Mill.) loa. o.^ieans tL G.v. 3 rubescens Bree, Loud. H.B, ed. 2. p. 588, — Corolla rubescent. 55S ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. ^ G.I), i purpurascem Bree, Loud. H. B. ed. 2. p. 588. — Corolla purplish. ^ G.v. 5 alba. — Flowers axillary. Corolla white. {Don's Mill.) B. G.v. etenella. — Flowers terminating the small branches. Corolla white. (Don's Mill.) a. 2. G. MULTiFLO^RA D. Don. The many-flowered Gypsocallis, or Moor Heath. Identification. D. Don in Ed. Phil. Joum., July 1834. ; Don's Mill., 3. p.801. Synonymes. .Erica multjflfira Lin. Sp. ed. 1. p. 355. ; E. juniperifblia, &c, Garidel Aix. p. 160. t. 32. ; E. multifldra longipedicellita Wendl. Eric. fasc. 5. p. 7. ; .E. pedunculSris Pre^i; Scopa grande rosso, J/a/. Engravings. Bot. Cab., 1. 1672. ; and our^. 1032. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves 4 — 5 in a whorl, glabrous, linear. Flowers axillary, disposed in a racemose corymb. Bracteas remote from the calyx. Corolla IJ to 2 lines long, pale red, bell-shaped, with a reflexed limb. Pe- dicel twice as long as the corolla. Anthers black, their orifices near the tip. (Don's Mill.) A diminutive evergreen shrub. France, Spain, and the South of Europe generally. Height 1 ft. to 2 ft. Litroduced in 1751. Flowers pale red; May or June; and, under favourable circumstances, till November or De- cember. Capsule brown. Like other heaths, to flower freely, it requires to be kept in a cool, open, airy situation, in which it will attain the height of 2 ft. lo,^. g. „„i,i„toa. 3. G. ca'enea D. Don. The &esh-co\ouv-_fiowered Gypsocalhs, or Moor Heath. Identification. D. Don in Edinb.'New Phil. Jourri., July, 1834 ; Don's Mil!., 3. p. 801. Syjioni/mes. iJrJca cornea Lin. Sp. ed. 2. p. 504. ; E. herbScea Lin. Diss. No. 57. ; jE. sax^tilis Saf, in Lin. See. Trans. 6. p. 343. Engravings. Bot. Mag., t. M. ; Jacq. Fl. Austr., 1. f. 31. ; Bot Cab., 1. 1462. ; and our figs. 1033. Spec. Char., ^c. Stems and branches prostrate. Leaves 3 — 4 in a whorl, linear, glabrous, sharply redupMcate. Flowers axillary, droop- ing, disposed in racemes, and directed to one side, pale red. Bracteas remote from the calyx. Corollas conical, 2J lines. Anthers with an orifice extending from the middle to the tip. (Don's Mil.) A diminutive, pro- cumbent, evergreen shrub. South of Germany and Switzerland, and North Wales. Height 6 in. Cultivated in 1763. Flowers pale red ; 1033. G. cimea. January to April. m. 4. G. MEDITERRA^NEA D. Don. The Mediter- ranean Gypsocallis, or Moor Heath. Identification. D. Don in Edihb. New Phil. Journ., July, 1834; Don's Mill., 3. p. 801. Synoni/mes. Er\cA mediterrinea Lin. Mant. p. 229. ; E. lilgubris 5fl;. in Lin. Soc. Trans. 6. p. 343. Engravings. Bot. Mag., t. 471. ; and our^. 1034. ; Spec. Char., ^c. A shrub, 4 ft. to 6 ft. high. Leaves 4 — 5 in a whorl, linear, cuneate, glabrous. Flow- ers axillary, disposed in the manner of a raceme, directed to the lower side, so nodding Bracteas above the middle of the pedicels. Corolla pitcher- shaped, red. Anthers dark, forarainose from the 1034* G. mediterT&iiea* XLIII, £RICA CEJK : CALLU^NA. 539 middle. (Don's Mill.) A pyramidal shrub. South of Europe, in the region of the Mediterranean ; and Cunnemara, on the western coast of Ireland. Height 4 ft. to 6 ft. sometimes 10 ft. Cultivated in 1596. Flowers red, with dark anthers ; March to May. The hardiest of arboreous heaths in British gardens ; though plants at Syon, which had stood upwards of half a century, and were above 10 ft- high, were killed to the ground by the winter of 1837-8. Genus III. CALLITNA Sal. The Galluna. Lin. Syst. Oct4ndria Monogynia. Identification. Salisbury In Lin. Soc. Trans., 6. p. 317. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 828. Synonyme. £rlca sp. Lin. and others. DerivatUm. The name of Callilna is derived from kaUund, which, as Sir J. E. Smith observes, " is doubly suitable ; whether, with Mr. Salisbury and Dr. Hull, we take it to express a cleansing property, brooms being made of ling ; or whether we adopt the more common sense of the word, to ornament or adorn, which is very applicable to the flowers." {,Eng. Ftora^ ii, p. 224.) Gen. Char. Calyx 4-parted, membranous, coloured, furnished with 4 bracteas at the base. Corolla campanulate, 4-lobed, shorter than the calyx. Stamens enclosed. Filaments dilated. Anthers bipartite, biappendiculate at the base; cells of anthers mucronulate, dehiscing lengthwise. Stigma capitate. Capsule with a septicidal dehiscence. Seeds ovoid, smooth. {Don's Mill.) Leaves simple, alternate, exstipulate, evergreen ; acerose, trigonal, obtuse, very short, imbricating in 4 rows, having the margins revolute, and the base sagittate. Flowers disposed in long, terminal, spicate racemes. — Under- shrub, small, spreading ; native of Europe on poor soils. lu. 1. C. vuLGA^Eis Sal. The common Ling, or Heather. Identification. Salisb. Un. Trans., 6. p. 317. ; Erg. Flora, 2. p. 224. s Don's Mill., 3. p. 828. SyTumymes. £rlca vulgaris Lin, Sp. p. 501. ; la Bruyfere, Fr. ; Heide, Ger. \ Lyng, Dan. ; Liung, Swed. ; Brentoli, Cecchia, or Scopa, Ital. ; Brezo, Span. ; Urze, Port, ; Weresk, Bws. Engravings. Eng. Bot., t. 1013. ; and our jig. 1035. Spec. Char., ^c. Leaves 3-comered in a transverse section of them, arrow-shaped at the base, obtuse at the point, revolute in the lateral margins, imbricate in 4 rows. Flowers disposed in long, terminal, spicate racemes. (Doris Mill.) A small, spread- ing, evergreen shrub. Europe, plentiful in Britain. Height 6 in. to 3 ft. Flowers purplish ; July to September. Varieties. n., C. 0. I purpurea. — Flowers purplish red. ^^ s, C. u. 2 spuria. — Branches tufted. Racemes short. Flow- loas.c.viljris. ers purplish red. u C.v. S decitmbens. — Branches decumbent. Racemes short. Flowers purplish red. *~ C. V. ^ tomentosa. — Leaves and branches woolly. Flowers purplish red. u C.v. 5 alba. — Flowers white, less crowded. Corolla shorter. i~ C. V. ejlore pleno. — Flowers double, pale purplish red. it. C. V. 1 foliis variegdHs. — Leaves variegated. Flowers purplish. u C.v. 8 aurea. — Leaves variegated with yellow. u. C.v. ^ coccinea. — Flowers deep red. *, C. V. 10 spicdta. — Racemes long. Flowers red or white, a. C. V. 11 and 12, — Two varieties are mentioned by Sir W. J. Hooker, as being in cultivation in the Glasgow Botanic Garden, where they have retained their differences for years. They have both pubes- 560 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. cent branchlets : but the one has deep red flowers, and was received from Aberdeenshire; and the other, which was received from Arran, has white flowers, that appear later than those of the other varieties. The first may be called C.v. 11 atro-rubens, and the second C. v. 12 serotina. Very ornamental, either as detached bushes, or as edgings to beds and borders, in sandy or eaty soil. § ii. Andromedeaa. All the species are propagated by layers, and some of them also by divi- sion, though most of them might, doubtless, be rooted in sand from the points of the growing shoots, as in the preceding section ; but layers soonest make saleable plants. They all require a soil more or less peaty, and a situation cool, open, and moist, rather than dry and airy. Most of the genera are of comparatively short duration, though some species of Andromeda and A'r- butus attain an almost tree-like size, and endure many years. Genus IV. ANDRO'MEDJ L. The Andromeda. Lin. Syst. Decandria Monogynia. Identiflcatim. D. Don in Edinb. New Phil. Joum., 17. p. 167. : Don's Mill., 3. p. 828. Synonyme. FolifDlia Suxbaum Cent. 5. p. 5. t. 55. f. 1. ; Andromeda sp. L. Derivation. Andromeda was the name of the daughter of Cephalus, king of Ethiopia. How a plant came to .be named by Linnsus after this personage, will be found given at length in our first edition. Gen. Char. Calyx S-cleft. Segments acute, simple at the base. Corolla globose, with a contracted 5-toothed mouth. Stamens 10, enclosed; fila- ments bearded ; cells of anthers short, furnished with 1 awn each. Stigma truncate. Capsule with a loculicidal dehiscence. Placenta 5.A.obsdi; lobes simple. Seeds elliptic. {Don's Mill.) Leaves simple, alternate, exstipulate, evergreen; linear lanceolate, mu- cronulate. Flowers terminal, umbellate, reddish or snow white. — Under- shrubs, evergreen, spreading ; natives of Europe and North America. SI. 1. A. PoLiFoYiA L. The Poly-leaved Andromeda, or Mom-wort. Jdentijication. Lin. Sp.. 564. ; Don*B Mill., 3. p. 829. Synonymes. ijhododendron polifblium Scop. Cam. No. 482. -, wild Rosemary, Poly Mountain, Marsh Cistus, Moorwort, Marsh Holy Rose ; Andromgde, Fr. and Ger. Engravings. Liu. Fl. Lapp., t. 1. f. 3. ; Eng. Bot., t. 713. ; and our..^. 1036. Spec. Char., Spc. Leaves oblong, glaucous beneath. Corollas ovate, flesh-coloured or pale red. Seg- ments of calyx ovate, spreading, white, sometimes tipped with red. (Don's MiM.) A diminutive ever- green shrub. Northern countries of Europe, on turfy bogs ; and also in Britain ; North America, from Canada to Pennsylvania. Height 6 in. to 1 ft. Flowers white, tipped with red ; May to Sep- tember. Capsule brown. Varieties. "• .4. p. 1 angustifoUa Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. .1591., me. a. poiifbua. and our ^g. 1037., has narrow leaves. n.A.p.2 ericoides has the habit of a heath. B.A.j).3 graniiflora Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 1714., and our fig. 1038., has large flowers. XLIII. £IIICA CE^. : CASSl OTE. 561 B. A. p. 4- latifolm Lodd. Dot. Cab. t. 546., and ovw fig. 1039., lias broad leaves, and is a larger plant, n. i(. p. 5 minima has small flowers. 1057. A. p. angustifblia. 1033. A . p. Krandiilara. 1039. A . p. latif 6Ua. IWO. A. p. revolita. n. A. p. 6 revotida Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 725., and our fig. 1040., has the flowers bent back, tt ^. p. 7 scotica is common in Scotland, n. A. p. 8 stricta has the branches erect. Cultivated in gardens in moist peaty soil ; and it is only in such a soil, and in an open airy situation, that it can be preserved for any length of time. o. 2. A. S0SMARINIF01,IA Pwsk. The Rosemary-leaved Andromeda. Identification. Pursh Fl. Aimer. SepL, 1. p. 291. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 829. St/nont/me. A. poUfblia Micbx. Fl. Bor. Amer. 2. p. 254. Engravings. Pall. Fl. Boss., 2. p. .i3. t. 70. f. B. ; and our^. KMl. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves linear-lanceolate, convex, re- volute, white beneath, and canescent above. Corollas nearly globose. Calycine segments oblong red. Flow- ers white, tinged with red. (Don's Mill.) A diminu- tive evergreen shrub. Newfoundland and Labrador. Height 6 in. to 1 ft. Introduced ? 1790. Flowers white, tinged with red ; June. Andromeda DrummondW Hook., Gard. Mag. 1840 p. 4., is a slender-growing plant, with the young leaves and shoots covered with a scurf, like that which is found on the iJlasagnus. Horticultural Society's Garden. 104 1. a . .oBirarinifti.a. Genus V. I I «- c. o. iatif..iia. 1016. C. calycul&ta. flatcd. a. C.C.2 latijolia Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 530., and our/g. 1047.— Leaf broail. a. C. c. 3 nana Sims Bot. Mag. t. 862., Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 826. — Dwarf. ji 2. C. (c.) AiSGUSTiFo^LiA G. Don. The narrow- leaved Cassandra. Identification. Don's Mill., 3. p. 830. Synom/mes. Andrdmeda calyculJlta j8 angustifblia Ait. Hort. Kew. 2. p. 70. ; A. angnstifblia Pursh Fl. Amer. Sept. 1. p. 291. ; A. crispa De^. et Link. Engraving. Our Ji^. 1048. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves linear-lanceolate, acute, the edges somewhat waved and revolute, the under surface rusty. Racemes recurved, leafy. Bracteas of calyx minute. Corollas oblong-ovate. (Don's Mill.) A low evergreen shrub. Carolina and Georgia, in open swamps. Height 2 ft. Litro- duced in 1748. Flowers white ; April and May. i^n. c. ic.) angusufoiia. Genus VII. MJ ZENO'BO D. Don. The Zenobia. Lin. Syst. Dec4ndria Monogynia. Identification. D. Don in Bdinb. New Phil. Journ., July, 1834 ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 830. Symmyme. Andr6niedo sp. Michaux. Derivation. From Zenobia, a queen of Palmyra, distinguished for her virtue and learmng. Gen. Char. Calyx 5-lobed. Corolla campanulate ; limb revolute, S-Iobed. Stamens 10 ; filaments glabrous, dilated at the base ; cells of anthers G o 2 564 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. elongated, tubular, biaristate at the apex. Stigma truncate. Capsule with a loculicidal dehiscence. Placenta 5-lobed ; lobes cuncated, thick, a little arched. Seeds angular. (^Don's Mill.) Leaves simple, alternate, exstipulate, deciduous ; scattered, dilated, with the margins usually toothed. Floivers racemose. Pedicels solitary or aggregate. — Undershrubs, deciduous; natives of North America. j» 1. Z. sPBCio'sA D. Don. The showy-cowered Zenobia. identification. D. Don in Edinb. New Phil. Journ., July, 1834 ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 830. Si/nonyme, Andr6meda specibsa Mich.v. Ft. Bur. Avier. 256. Ijlngravings. Bot. Cab., t. ."iSl, ; and our fig. 1049. Spec. Char., S^c. Leaves oval, obtuse, mucronate, crenate, or serrate, veiny. Flowers white, drooping, disposed in racemes. Branches in the flower-bearing part naked of leaves. (Don's Mill.) A low deciduous shrub. North Carolina, in swamps. Height 2 ft. to 3 ft. Introduced in 1800. Flowers large, white ; June. 1049. Z. Epeci^isa. 1050. Z. s. niUda. 1051. Z.s. pulvenilenta. Varictie.'!. J» 34 Z. s. 2 nittda. A. s. nltida Pur.vh Fl. Amer. Sept. i. p. 294. ; A. cassine(6\i3L Vent. Malm. 79. ; and our Jig. 1050. — Leaves oblong- ovate, serrate, green on both surfaces. Flowers white. ° -" a Z. i. 3 puherulenta. A. speci6sa pulverulenta Pursh 1. c. ; A. pul- verulenta Bartram Itin. 476. ; A. cassineiiAia. Vent. Hart. 'Cels. 60.; A. specidsa var. y glauca Wats. Dend. Brit. t. 26. ; A. dealbat'a Lindl. Bot. Reg. t. 1010. ; A. ovata Soland MS. in Herb. Banks. ; and our/g. 1031. — Leaves roundish-ovate, distantly crenate, co- vered with white powder, as are the branches. Flowers white. Genus VJII. L^LJ^k LYOHIA Nutt. The Lyonia. Lin. Syst. Decandria Monogynia. Mentificatim Nutt. Gen. Amer., I. p. 268. ; Ed, Phil. Journ., 17. p. 158.: Don's Mill 3 n 830 Synonyme. Andromeda sp. Lm. and various authors. ^' Derivation. In commemoration of Mm Lyon, an indefatigable collector of North American nlant. htd^^o'ifJirStrt&rofhiSoTs.^'"'''' ""'^•^ ^^^^^^ ^^^ — "= mountZs-'^S Gc-n. Char. Calyx 5-parted. CoroUa ovate or tubular, with a 5-toothed con- tracted mouth. Stamens enclosed ; filaments flattened, dilated very short downy; cells of anthers membranous, dehiscing lengthwise altogether mutic. Style robust, pentagonal, fusiform, thickened at bottom. Stigma simple, truncate. Capsule pentagonal, 5-celled, with a loculicidal deliis- XLiii. EniCA'czJE : lyo'n/^. 565 cence; margins of valves closed by 5 other external nerve valves. Seeds acicular, imbricated. {Don's MUl.) Leaves simple, alternate, exstipulate, evergreen or deciduous; usually membranous and downy. Flowers for the most part terminal, disposed in racemose panicles. — Shrubs, natives of North America. A. Leaves evergreen. « 1. L. ferrugi'nea N'utt. The rusty-looking Lyonia. Identification. Nutt. Gen. Amer., p. 266. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 830. Synonymes, Andr6medfl ferrugfnea Walt. Fl. 138. ; A. ferruglnea /3 fruticbsa , Midix. Fl. Bar. Amer. 1. p. 262. Engravings. Vent. Malm., t. 80. j and our Jig. 1052. Spec. Char., tSfC. Shrubby, evergreen. Leaves on long pe- tioles, coriaceous, obovate, usually obtuse, quite entire,' with hardly revolute edges, and covered with brown, umbilicate, bran-like scales, as is every other part of the plant. Flowers axillary, 3 or 5 together, upon pedicels. Corolla small, ovate, globose, white inside, rusty-looking outside. (Don's Mill.) An evergreen shrub. Georgia, Florida, and Mexico, in pine woods. Height 3 ft. to 5 ft. Introduced in ITS*. Flowers white ; June and July. 1052. ij. ferru^nea. « I 2. L. ri'gida Nutt. The rigid-leaved Lyonia. Identification. Nutt. Gen. Amer., 1. p. 266. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 830. SynmyTnes. AndrSmeda ferruglnea Willd. Sp. 2. p. 609. ; A. ferruglnea 1 arborescens Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer. 1. p. ibi. ; A. riglda Pursh Fl. Amer. Sept. 1. p. 292. Engravings Eot. Cab., t. 430. ; and our fig. 1053. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves crowded, coriaceous, rigid ; their petioles short ; their disks cuneate-lanceolate, acute, entire, convex, with revolute edges, and clothed with brown, umbilicate, bran-like scales, as is every other part of the plant. Flowers produced, in Britain, in April and May; axillary, several together. Corolla globose, ■white inside. Closely akin to L. ferruginea ; but the two are distinguishable by their different habits^ especially by their times of flowering. (Don's Mill.) An arborescent evergreen shrub or low tree. Carolina and Florida, in barren sandy woods. Height 15 ft. to 20 ft. ; in British gardens 3ft. to 5ft. Introduced in 1744. Flowers white; April and May. Capsule brown. Nearly allied to the preceding species, but of a different habit, and flowering at a different season. 1053. l. ligida. „. 3. L. marginaVa D. Don. The marginated-leaved Lyonia. Identification, D. Don in Edinb. New Phil. Journ., 17. p. 169.; Don's Mill., .3. p. 830. Synonymes. Andrdmeda margin&ta Du Ham. Arb. ; A. coriitea Willd. Sp. 2. p. 613., Ait. Hart. Kew. 2. p. 70. i A. U"lcid.i Lam. Encyc. 1. p. 157. \ A. mariina Jacq. Icon. Bar. 3. t. 46.5. Engravings. Bot. Mag., t. 1096.; Jacq. Icon. Rar. t 465. -, and OUT fig. 1054. Spec. Char., Sfc. Branch- lets indistinctly 3- sided. Leaves coria- ceous, oval, acuminate, quite entire, glabrous, and very finely punc- tured ; with the mid- rib running throug'h the deflexed margin. Flowers upon pedi- o 3 56G ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. eels, axillary, aggregate. Calyx of a dark red colour, its segments long, linear. Corolla cylindrical, pale red. (JiorCs MUl.) A small evergreen glabrous shrub. Carolina and Florida, in sandy forests. Height 2 ft. Introduced in 1765. Flowers white ; June and July. Vaiiety. a. L. m. 2 rubra Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 672., and om Jig. 1055. — Flowers deep red. B. Leaves deciduous. ji 4. L. mariaVa jD. Don. The Maryland Lyonia. Identification. D. Don In Ed. Phil. Journ., 17. p. 159. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 831. SjiTionyme. Andr6medo mariina hin. Sp. 564 . Engravings. Bot. Mag., t. 1579.; and our^. 1056. Spec. Char., S^c. glabrous, rather Leaves deciduous, coriaceous, paler 1056. L. mariana. beneath, almost leafless. Flowers on pedicels, aggregate, large, white, sometimes tinged with red. Calyx leafy. Corolla ovate- cylindrical. Capsule conoid. (Don's Mill.) A deciduous low shrub. New England to Florida, in woods and dry swamps, espe- cially in sandy soil. Height 2 ft. or upwards. Introduced in 1736. Flowers large, white, sometimes tinged with red ; May to August. oval, acutish at both ends, entire Flower-bearing branches Variety. 1057. L.. m. obldnga. L. VI. 2 oblonga Swt.,and owv fig. 1057., has oblong leaves. stt 5. L. RACEMO^SA D. Don. The mcemose-flowered Lyonia. Identification. D. Don in Edinb. New Phil. Journ., 17. p. 159 Don's Mill., 3 p 831. Symmymes. Andromeda racembpa I.in. Sp. 564., UHSrit. Stirp. 2. t. 13. ; A. paniculdta Walt. Car. 138., Gronov. Virg. 67. Engravings. L'H^rit. Stirp., 2. t. 13. ; and OMrfig. 1058. Spec. Char., ^c. Leaves deciduous, oval-lanceolate, acute, serrulate, membranous, glabrous. Flowers white. Spikes terminal, secund, elongated, simple, or branched. Bracteas linear, acute, two at the base of a calyx, which is acute. Corolla cylin- drical. {Don's Mill.) A deciduous shrub. Ca- nada to Carolina, in bogs and swamps. Height 3 ft. to 4 ft. Introduced in 1736. Flowers white, sweet-scented ; June and July A very desirable spe- cies. According to Pursh 1058. L. racnndsa. it IS reckoned one of the finest shrubs in America, from the graceful ap- pearance of its flowers, and their fine odour. S 6. L. ARBO^REA D. Don. The Tree Lyonia. Identification. D. Don in Edinb. New Phil. Journ., 17. p. 159., Don's Mill., 3. p. 831. Synonyyne. Andrdmeda arbbrea Lin. Sp. 565. Engravings. Bot. Mag., t. 905. ; and our Jig, 1059. Spec. Char., ^c. Branches taper. Leaves de- ciduous, oblong, acuminate, serrate, with mu- 1059. L. ortioTGa XLIII. £RICACE^: LYO N/^. 567 cronate teeth, glabrous, acid. Flowers in terminal panicles of many racemes. Corollas white, ovoid-cylindrical, downy. (jDon's Mill.) A deciduous tree. Pennsylvania to Florida, in the valleys of the Alleghany Mountains. Height in America 40 ft. to 60 ft., ; in England 10 ft. to 20 ft Introduced in 1732. Flowers white ; June and July. The leaves have a very pleasant acid taste, from which the species has been called the sorrel-tree. In America they are frequently madeiuse of by hunters in the mountains to alleviate thirst. 1060. L. paniculkta. L. panichlaYa Nutt. The panicled-flowered Lyonia. Identification. Nutt. Gen. Amer., 1. p. 266.; Don's Mill., 3. p. 831. Hynonyine. Andr6meda panicul^ta Lin. Sp. 564. Engravings. L'Herit. Stirp. Nov., 2. t. I'i. ; Dend. Brit., t. 37. ; and our fy. 1060. Spec. Char., Sfc. Downy. Leaves deciduous, obovate- lanceolate, narrowed to both ends, almost entire, the upper surface of the older leaves nearly glabrous. Flower-bearing branches terminal, panicied, nearly naked of leaves. Flowers small, in peduncled ra- cemes. Corollas nearly globose, downy, white. (Don's Mill.) A deciduous shrub. Canada to Carolina, in all swamps and woods. Height 3 ft. to 4 ft. Introduced in 1748. Flowers small, white ; June and July. 8. L. SALiciFOLiA Wats. Lyonia. The Willow-leaved Identification. Wats. Dend. Brit., t. 38. Engravings. Dend. Brit., t. 38. ; and our.^g. 1061. Spec. Char., Src. Leaves alternate, long-lanceolate, acuminate, scarcely serrulate, shining, strewed with a few short gland-like hairs. Racemes of flowers compound, alternately sessile on the terminal branches. Flowers white, 1-petaled, globular, con- tracted at the mouth. (Wats.) A desirable species, nearly allied to L. paniculata, but which is less remarkable in point of floral beauty, than for its fine shining foliage. Native country ?. Height 3 ft. to 4 ft. Flowers white ; June and July. 1061. J., jalicifblia. I0G2- Iv. (p.) fTond6»a. ji 9. L. (p.) FR0N'D0~SA Nutt. The branchy Lyonia. Identification. Nutt. Gen. Amer., l.p. 267. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 831. Synonyme. Andromeda frondbsa Fjursh Ft. Amer. Sept. 1. p. 295. Engraving. 0\xr Jig. 1062. from a specimen in Dr. Lindley's herbarium. Spec. Char., ^c. Densely villose with whitish hairs. ' Leaves deciduous, oblong or oblong ovate, blunt or acutish, often rusty, prominently veined; the lateral margins revolute, entire, and rough. Flowers white, in a terminal leafly panicle. Corollas globose, hispid or downy. (Doris Mill.) An upright deciduous shrub. Virginia and Carolina. Height 3 ft. Introduced in 1806. Flowers white ; May and June. 10, L. (p.) MULTIFLO'RA Wats. The many-flowered Lyonia. Identification. Wats. Dend. Brit., t IM. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 831. Engravings. Dend. Brit., 1. 128. ; and our fig- 1063. Spec. Char., ^c. Leaves deciduous, narrow, lanceolate, serrate, sprinkled with hair-like atoms. Flowers numerous, small, white, disposed in terminal pa- o o 4 568 ARBORETUM ET FHUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. lnr.3. iv. (p.) multiflbra. nicies, that are composed of numerous grouped racemes. {Don's Mill.) An upright deciduous shrub. North America. Height 2 ft. Introduced in 1812. Flowers white; July. J, 11. L. (p.) CAPREa;F0"LiA Wats. The Goat- Willow-leaved Lyonia. Identification. Wats. Dend. Brit., t. 127.; Don's Mill., 3. p. 831. Engravings. Deild. Brit., t 127. ; and our Jig. 1064. Spec. Char., Sgc. Leaves deciduous, coriace- ous, elhptic, with a short acuminate termination, serrulate, and sprinkled with short fleshy hairs. Flowers dis- posed in racemes and corymbs that are mixed, lateral, and leafy. Corollas rather silky, globu- lar, coarctate. (Don's Mill.) An erect decidu- ous shrub. North America. Height 2 ft. to 3 ft. Introduced in 1812. Flowers white; July. Genus IX. 1064. L. (ii.) caprcscfblia. LEUCO'THO-E D. Don. The Leucothoe. Lin. Si/st. Dec&ndria Monogynia. Identijication. D. Don in Edinb. New Phil. Journ., 17. p. 159. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 831. Hynonyme. Andr6meclrt sp. of previous authors. Derivation. ILeucotKoe vj^s, a beautiful nymph, beloved by Apollo ; who was buried alive by her father when he discovered her amour, and changed into the tree that bears the frankincense by her lover. {Ovid. Afei., iv. 196.) Leucothoe was also a name given to lao after she was changed into a sea deity. Geji. Ctiar. Calyx 5-leaved ; leaves imbricated at the base. Corolla tubular, 3-toothed. Stamens enclosed ; filaments dilated, flattened, downy ; cells of anthers short, truncate, mutic. Stigma simple, capitate. Capsule with a loculicidal dehiscence. {Don's Mill.) Leaves simple, alternate, exstipulate, evergreen ; coriaceous, dentately spi- nulose. Flowers white, racemose, axillary, or terminal. — Shrubs, evergreen, low ; natives of North America. a. 1. L. AxiLLA^Ris D. Don. The axillary-racenzec! Leucothoe. Identification. D. Don in Edinb. New Phil. Journ., 17. p. 159. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. Stjnonymes. Andr6med/i axilliiris SolandCi- in Hort. Kew. 2. p. 89. No. 2., on the authority of Mr. Gordon. Engraving. Oxixjig. 1065. Spec Char., Sfc. Leaves oblong or oval, acumi- nate ; in the outward part of its length carti- laginous in the margin, and serrulate with mucronate teeth ; upper surface glabrous, under surface covered with glandular hairs. Young branches clothed with powdery down. Flowers white, in short, spicate, sessile, axillary racemes, attended by scaly bracteas. Corolla ovate cylin- drical. Filaments ciliated, very short. Capsule de- pressed, globose. {Don's Mill.) A low evergreen shrub. Virginia to Georgia, on mountains. Height 2 ft. to .S ft. Introduced in 1765. Flowers white ; May and June. A. Catesb^'e Walt. Car. fasc. lOtid. L. axiLlavL-s. xmi. ^iiicA^cE^: leuco'tho£. 569 Variety. iL L. a. 2 tongijoha. Andromeda longifolia Pursh Sept. i. p. 293., Si7iis Bol. Mag. t. 2337. ; A. Walteri Willd. — Xeaves linear-lanceolate, very long. (Don's Mill.) a. 2. L. SPINULO^SA G. Don. The spinu\ose-ioothed-leaved Leucothije. Identification. Don's Mill., 3. p. 832. Synonynies. Andr6meda spinulbsa Pursh Sept. 1. p. 293. : ? A. Catesbtff'l Walt. Fl. Car. p. 137. Engravings. Bot. Mag., 1. 195-5. j Bot. Cab.', 1. 1320. ; and oarjig. 1066. Spec. Char., ^c. Leaves glabrous, coriaceous, ovate- oblong, rounded at the base, gradually narrowed to the tip, acuminate, serrulate with teeth that are spinulose in some degree. Flowers white, disposed unilaterally and rather loosely, in subspicate, axillary, subsessile racemes, and attended by scaly bracteas. Corolla short, ovate-cylindrical. It resembles L. axillaris D. Don in several respects. (Don's AlUl.) A low evergreen shrub. Lower Carolina. Height 2 ft. Introduced in 1793. 1066. L. sptauita. Flowers white ; May and June. B. 3. L. acumina'ta G. Don. The acuminate-Zeawrf Leucothoe. Jdentificatim. Don's Mill., 3. p. 832. Smvmwnes. Andromeda acuminata Ait. Hart. Kevj. 2. p. 70. ; A. lilciaa Jac(7. Icon. Bar. 1. t. 79. ; A. populifulia Lam. Encycl. 1. p. 19.5. ; A. reticulata IValt. Fl. Car. 137. ; A. formosissima Bartr. ; A. iaurina Michx. Fl. Amer. Bot. 1. p. 253. ; Pipe-stem- wood, Amer. Engravings. Exot. Bot., t. 89.; Jacq. Icon. Rar., i. t. 79. ; and our fig. 1067. Spec. Char., Sfc. Glabrous. Stems hollow. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, gradually narrowed to the tip, entire or unequally serrate, shining, nettedly veined, coriaceous. Flowers white, numerous, upon pedicels, drooping; disposed in racemes that are axillary, very short, corymbose, and nearly naked. Corolla cylindrically ovate. (Don's Mill.) An erect evergreen shrub. Georgia and Florida, in sandy swamps. Height 2 ft. to 3 ft. Introd. 1765. Flowers numerous, white ; July and August. 1067. 1.. acuminkta. 4. L. floribu'nda D. Don. The numerous-flowered Leucothoe. lacntification. D. Don in Edinb. New Phil. Journ., 17. p. 159. ; Doe's Mill., 3. p. «32. Synonyme. Andr6medfl floribunda Lyon Herb. Sept. 1. p. 293. Engravings. Bot. Keg., t. 807. ; Bot. Mag., t. 1566. ; and our fig. 1068. Spec. Char., Sfc. Glabrous. Leaves ovate oblong, acute, finely serrulate, appressedly cihate, coriaceous. Flowers white, numerous ; disposed unilaterally in racemes that are axillary and terminal, and constitute panicles. Pedicels with 2 bracteas. (Don's Mill.) An erect evergreen shrub. Georgia, on mountains. Height 2 ft. to 3 ft. Introduced in 1812. Flowers white ; May and June. Extremely difficult to propagate, therefore rare. Pro- lific in flowers, when covered with them very beautiful. Layers, which do not root under two or three years. n. 5. L. spicaVa G. Don. The spicate-racemcd Leucothoe. Identification. Don's Mill., 3. p. 832. Synonmne. Andr6meda spicita Wals. Bend. Brit. t. 36. Engravings. VIMS. Dend. Brit., t, 36. ; and am fig. 1069. 1069. l,. spi(*ta. 1068. 1.. floribtinda. 570 ARBORETUM ET FRUTK'ETUM .BRITANNICUM. Spec. Char., Sfc. Glabrous, except that the branchlets are beset with short white hairs. Leaves elliptical-lanceolate, acute, ovate, or taper at the base, serrated. Flovpers white, disposed unilaterally in long lateral and terminal racemes. (Don's Mill.') An erect evergreen shrub. Canada to Florida. Height 2 ft. Introduced in ? 1812. Flowers vi'hite; June. Genus X. r i PrERIS D. Don. The Pibris. lAn. Syst. Decandria Monogynia. Identification. D. Don in Edinb. New Phil. Journ., 17. p. 15S. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 832. Synonyme. Andr6nieda sp. Waliich. Derivation- Pieris, a general appellation of the Mus"s, who were called Pierides, from their birth- place, Pieria, in Thessaly. Gen. Char. Calyx deeply 5-parted. Corolla tubular or ovate, with a con- tracted, 5-tgothed, revolute border. Stamens enclosed ; filaments dilated, bisetose at top ; cells of anthers short, incumbent, dehiscing lengthwise. Style robust, pentagonal. Stigma truncate. Capsule with a loculicidal de- hiscence. Seeds scobiform. (Don's Mill.) Leaves simple, alternate, stipulate, evergreen ; coriaceous. Flowers droop- ing, terminal, racemose. — Shrub or low tree, evergreen, native of Nepal. 2 1 . P. 0VAHF0"Li A D. Don. The oval-leaved Pieris. Jdentiflcation. Ed. Phil. Journ., 17. p. 159. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 832 Synonymes. Andrdmeda ovaliR)lia Jsta^ ijw. 13. p. 391.; A. capriclda Hamilton MSS. Ejigravings. Asiat. Res., 13. p. 391. ; and our Jig. 1070. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves oval, acuminated, 2 in. to 4 in. long, 1 in. to 2 in. broad, rounded at the base, entire, downy when yoimg. Flowers upon downy pedicels, and disposed unilaterally in lateral, leafy, lengthened racemes, many in a raceme. Racemes numerous. Segments of calyx ovate and acute. Corolla oblong, downy, pale flesh-colour. (Don's Mill.) An evergreen low tree. Nepal, at Suembu. and Sirinagiir. Height 20 ft. to 40 ft. ; in British gardens 2 ft. to 3 ft. In- troduced in 1825. Flowers white ; IMay. Genus XI. "W!^ PHYLLO'DOCB SaL The Phyllodoce. Monogynia. Lin. Syst. Decandria Ident{fication. Sal. Par., t. 36. ; D. Don in Ed. Phil. Journ., July, 1834 ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 832. Synonymes. Andr6meda sp. L. ; Menzigsm sp. Swartz, Smith. Derivation. Phyllodoce, the name of one of the nyniphs of Cyrene, daughter of the river Peneus. Gen. Char. Calyx 5-parted. Corolla globose, with a contracted S-toothed mouth. Stamens 10, enclosed; filaments slender, glabrous ; cells of anthers short, truncate, mutic. Stigma peltate, 5-tuberculate. Capsule 5-celled, with a septicida] dehiscence. Seeds compressed, shining. (Don's Mill.) Leaves simple, alternate, exstipulatei evergreen ; linear, obtuse, spreading. Flowers terminal, soUtary, or many together in a kind of umbel. — Shrubs, evergreen, very diminutive. Natives of the North of Europe, Asia, and North America. XLIII. JSRICA'cEiE: BRYA'nTHUS. 571 t. 1. p. rAxiFo^LiA Sal. The Yew-leaved Phyllodoce. litcniificalion Sal. Par., t. 36. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 833. Synonymes. Menziesia cserClIea Swx. in Lin. Soc. Trans. 10. P. 377. ; AndrSmeda cierillea Lm. Sp. p. 563. ; A. a«. tl. Jtoss. p. M. ; £rlca cajriilea mUd. Sp. 2. p. 393. XTo^*' ^^' ^°''' '' ^^^' ' ^°'' *'*•■ '• '"*■ ' "'"' "'"■ Spec. Char., ^c. Leaves with denticulated margins. Peduncles aggregate, glanded. Segments of the calyx acuminate. Anthers one third of the length of the filaments. Corolla blue or purple; red, on the authority of Pursh, in the species as found in North America. (Don's Mill.') A low, trailing, ever- green, heath-like shrub. Europe, North America, and Asia ; in Scotland on dry heathy moors, rare. 107). p.«aiiftiia. Height 6 in. Flowers red; June and July. 2. P. £mpetrifo'rmis D. Don. Phyllodoce. The Empetrum-like Identification. D. Don in Ed. Phil. Journ., July, 1834 ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 833. Syjionyme. Menzidsia £inpetrif6miis Smith in Lin. Soc. Trans. 10. p. 280. Engravings. Bot. Mag., t. 3176. ; and ourjSg. 1072. Spec. Char., ^c. Leaves with denticulated margins. Pedun- cles aggregate, sparingly glanded. Segments of the calyx ovate, obtuse. Corolla pale red. Anthers the length of the filaments. (Don's Mill.) A low, trailing, heath-like evergreen shrub. North America. Height 6 in. Introduced in 1810. Flowers pale red ; June and July. p. emiSimiis. Genus XII. BRYA'NTHUS Gmel. The Bryanthus. gj-nia. Lin. St/st. Decandria Mono- Identiflcalion. Gmel. Sib., 4. p. 133. t. 67. f. 3. , * ■' -^ p. Xm. ; Menzidsin Swartz and Pursh ; , Phil. Joum., 17. p. 160. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 833. Andr6meda sp. Lin. ; Menzidstn ^wartz and Pursh ; Et\c& sp. Thunb. derivation. From bryon, a moss, and antbos., a flower. Gen. Char., Sfc. Calyx 5-leaved, imbricate. CoroUa deeply 5-parted, spread- ing. Stamens 10, shorter than the corolla ; filaments flattened, glabrous ; cells of anthers short, mutic, or awned behind, dehiscing by a terminal hole. Stigma obtuse. Capsule 5-celled, with a septicidal dehiscence, many- seeded. Seeds ovoid, shining, with a keeled raphe. (Don's Mill.) Leaves simple, alternate, exstipulate, evergreen ; small, crowded, spreading, flattish. Flowers terminal, solitary, or somewhat racemose. — Shrubs, small, trailuig, evergreen. Natives of Asia, and North America ; rare in British gardens. %_ 1. B. Gme'linz D. Don. Gmelin's Bryanthus. Jdentification. D. Don in Ed. Phil. Joum., 17. p. 160. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 833. Synonymes. Menzids«a brySntha Swartx. in Lin. Tram. 10. p. 378. ; Andrdmeda brySntha Lin. Mant 238. ; £rica brySntha Thunb. Diss. No. 8. ; Bryanthus ripens jcrpyllifdlla iibre rbseo Gmel. Sib. 4. p. 133. t. 67. f. An. Fl. Koss., p. 57. t. 74. f. 1. ; and omfig. 1073. /Soec. Char., Ssc Branchlets pruinose. Leaves with denticulated margins.' Peduncles glandular, many-flowered. Anthers mutic. Style filiform. (Doris Mill.) A trailing, moss-like, evergreen, diminutive shrub. Kamtschatka, about Port Ochotsk, and of Behring's Island, where it grows in thick masses covering a great extent of surface, like wild thyme; and various other 572 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. places, in mosses and bogs, with jE'mpetrum. Height 6 in. Introduced ?. Flowers red ; June. s^ 2. B. Ste'llee/ D. Don. Steller's Bryanthus. Identification. D. Don, L c. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 833. Synanymes. Andromeda StAleriina Pall. Fl. Ross. p. 58. t. 74. f. 2. ; MenziSsio «npetrif4rmis Pursh FL. Amer. Sept. 1. p. 265., but not of others. ETigravings. Pall. Fl. Boss., p. 58. t. 74. f. 2. ; and oar fig. 1074. Spec. Char., ^c. Branchlets glabrous. Leaves with ob- solete crenulated -edges. Flowers solitary, nearly sessile. Anthers 2-horned c^ behind. Style conical. Flowers pale red. {Don's Mill.) A trailing diminu- tive evergreen shrub. North-west coast of Ame- rica, on the Rocky Moun- tains, and near the mouth of the Columbia River, and in the Island of Sitcha. Height 6 in. Introduced? larger than in B. Gmelinj ; June. Genus XIII. 1073. B. Omglini. 1074. B. SMlli Flowers pale red. &,^^ Lia DABCE CIA D. Don. Identification. The Daboecia. Lin. Syst. Octandria Monogynia. D. Don in Edinb. New. Phil. Journ., 17. p. 160. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 833. Erica, sp. Lin, ; Andr6meda sp. Lin. ; Menzidsm sp. Juss. derivation. D. jDolifOlia D. Don is called, in Ireland, St. Dabeoc's heath. Gen. Char. Calyx 4-parted. Corolla oval, ventricose ; limb 4-toothed. Sta- mens 8, enclosed ; filaments dilated, glabrous. Anthers linear, sagittate at the base ; cells of anthers parallel, loosened at the apex, dehiscing lengthwise. Stigma simple, truncate. Capsule 4-celIed, with a septicidal dehiscence. (Don's Mill.) Leaves simple, alternate, exstipulate, evergreen ; acerose, elliptic, flat, clothed with white tomentum beneath. Flowers terminal, racemose, purple. — A shrub, evergreen, diminutive, bushy ; native of Ireland and the Pyrenees. fl. 1. D. PoLiFoYiA D. Don. The Poly-leaved Daboecia. Identification. D. Don in Edinb. New Phil. Journ., 17. p. 160. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 833. Synonymes. Andrdmeda Dabce'c^fl Lin. Syst. 406. ; ^rica Daboe'cia Lin. Sp. .509. ; Menzifisia DHbVc?o Dec. Fl. Gall. 674. ; jErica hibSrnica, cic., Raii Hist. 3. Suppl. 244. ; Menzidsia pa- lifblia Juss. Ann. Mus. 1. p. 55. j Faccfnium cant&bricuni Huds. Fl. Angl. ed. \. p. 143. ; Irish Whorts, Cantabrian Heath, St. Dabeoc's Heath. Engravings. Eng. Bot., t.35. ; Sweet's Brit. Fl.-Gard., 2. a. t. 276. ; and our/gs. I07S. and 1076. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves elliptic, flat, clothed with white tomentum beneath. Flowers in terminal racemes. {Don's Mill.) A bushy, heath-like, evergreen undershrub. Ireland and the Pyre- (j nees, on the sides of mountains and dry heaths, where it is very ornamental. "^RW IJ // ^ Height I ft. to 2 ft. Flowers purple ; June to September. Variety. D. poWibWa. D. p. ^ fiore albo Swt. Brit. Fl. 1075. u. jioiiftiua. XLIII. i'RICACE^: ARBUTUS. 573 Gard. 2d ser. t. 276. — Flowers white. Discovered in Cunne- mara, in 1820, growing along with the common variety. Genus XIV. vl'llBUTUS Comer. The Arbutus, or Strawberry Tree. Lin, Syst. Decandria Monogynia. Identification. Camer. Epit., p. 163. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 834. ^'rbutus sp. Lin, Gen. No. 750. Arbousier, Fr. ; Sandbeere, Syiionyynes. ./Indrachne Ctus. ; 6V r. ; Abbatro, Itai Derivation. From ar bois, austere bush, Celtic ; in allusion to the austere quality of the fruit. Gen. Char. Calyx 5-parted. Corolla globose, or ovately campanulate j limb 5-clef't, reflexed. Stamens 10, enclosed. Anthers compressed on the sides, dehiscing by two pores at the apex, fixed by the back beneath the apex, where they are furnished with two reflexed awns. Ovarium seated on a hypogynous disk, or half-immersed in it, 3-celled ; cells many-seeded. Style 1. Stigma obtuse. Berry nearly globose, granular. (Don's Mill.) Leaves simple, alternate, exstipulate, evergreen ; serrated or entire. Flowers in racemes, terminal, panicled, pedicellate, bracteate, with white or flesh coloured corollas. — Trees and shrubs, evergreen ; natives of Europe, Asia, and America. They are of easy culture, in sandy loam, or loam and peat ; and they are readily propagated, the common kinds by layers, cuttings, or seeds, and the rarer and tenderer sorts by grafting on those that are more common and hardy. All the species have the outer bark more or less tinged with red, and scaly. « 1 1. A. tTNEDO L. The Unedo Arbutus, or Strawbeny Tree. Identification. Lin. Sp., 666. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 134. Synonymes. L' Arbousier commuu, Arbousier des Pyrenees, or Fraisier en Arbre, Fr. ; Erdbeere- artige Sandbeere, Ger. ; KomaS, Mod. Greek. Engravings. Eng. Bot., t. 2377. ; and our Jig. 1077. Spec. Char., Sfc. Arboreous. Branch- lets clothed with glandular hairs. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, glabrous, serrulated. Flowers nodding. Pe- duncles smooth. (Don's Mill.) An evergreen shrub or low tree. South of Europe, Palestine, and Ireland, in the county of Kerry, near the Lake of Killarney, on barren lime- stone rocks, where the country people eat the fruit. Height 10 ft. -vr^iv,, t,-^ to 20 ft. Flowers white ; Septem- S^'g^H'^Sti ber and December. Fruit large, 5:5«55iS«i2i4ffi scarlet; ripe in December. Varieties. 10?7. ^'rljutui UHiedo. « t « A, t A. U. I albus Ait. Hon. Kew. ii. p. 71. — Flowers white. This is the com- mon sort, raised in nurseries by seed. The flowers are sometimes of a greenish or yellowish white, and sometimes reddish. The colour of the fruit, also, varies in a similar manner. A. U. 2 ruber Ait. Hort. Kew. ii. p. 71. — Flowers reddish. This is the handsomest variety in cultivation. It is commonly propagated by layers, or by grafting on the species, and sometimes by cuttings. U. 3 plcnus Ait. Hort. Kew. ii. p. 71.- ^' :.i- ui. - Flowers semidouble. 574 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. 11 A. U. 4 schizopetalus. — Corolla cut into more than the number (5) of segments constant to the corolla of the species. Hort. Soc. Garden. m. A. U. 3 integrifoHus. (SirnsBot. Mag., t. 2319. and our ^g. 1978.) — Leaves entire. Hort. Soc. Gard. » A. U. 6 crispus. — Leaves curled and cut, and the plant dwarf. m A. U. 7 saliafblms — Leaves narrow, very distinct. The common arbutus will grow to the height of 20 or 30 feet ; but, unless pruned to a single stem, it assumes more the character of a huge bush than that of a regular-headed tree. The rate of growth, when young and properly treated, will average 1 ft. a year for the first 10 years ; and the plant is of considerable durability. It will thrive in any tolerably free soil ; though it seems to grow fastest, and attain the largest size, in deep sandy loam. It will grow either in open or sheltered situations, but does not thrive under the shade of trees. The species is readily propagated by seeds, which should be sown, as soon as they are separated from the pulp of the fruit, in pots of light, rich, sandy soil, or heath mould, and then placed in the shade, where they can be protected from the frost and the sun. Plants raised from seed do not ge- nerally flower till 5 or 6 years old. The double and the scarlet-flowered, and all the other varieties, are propagated by -v:^^^ /^ layers, by grafting, or by cuttings of the 'iS«s^ -t i.*. wood in a growing state, taken off in July, and treated like cuttings of heath. 1 • 2. J. hy'brida Ker. The hybrid Arbutus, or Strawberry Tree. Identification. Ker Bot. Reg., t. 619. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 834. HynonyTTie. A. andrachnoldes Link Enum, I. p. 395. Engravings. Bot. Reg., t. 619. ; the plate in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. vi. ; and om figs. 1079. and 1080. Spec. Char., ^c. Branchlets pilose. Leaves oblong, acute, serrated, glabrous. Panicle terminal, pendulous, downy. Flowers white. Calyx glabrous. {Don's Mill.) i„,g. j.hybtida. An evergreen shrub or low tree. Origi- nated in gardens about 1800. Height 10 ft. to 20 ft. Flowers white ; Sep- tember to December. Fruit scarlet ; rarely produced. This hybrid appears to have been originated be- tween the first and the third species, and to be in- termediate between them both in appearance and constitution. It is less tender than No 4., and more so than No. 3. In British gardens it is very ornamental from its foliage and flowers ; but, as might be expected, it rarely perfects fruit. Propagated by grafting on the common species. 1080. .9. hybl^da. xnii. £rica^ce;e: Arbutus. 575 Va'irfff. J « A. A. 2 Miileri (A. Milleri Mayes in West of England Journal of Science and Lit., Jan. 1835 ; and Gard. Mag., xi. p. 259.) was raised from seed in the Bristol Nursery, from the scarlet-flowered variety of A. {Toledo and A. AndTkchne. The flowers are of a delicate pink, the leaves are large, and the plant vigorous. Apparently a hybrid between A. CT^nedo and A. j4ndrachne. It grows as rapidly as the A. ITneio, forms fully as large a tree, is more beautiful in its flowers, which are in larger panicles, and is nearly as hardy. f m 3. A. Jndra'chne L. The Andrachne Arbutus, or Strawherry Tree. Jdenlifirah'on. Lin. Sp., 566. ; Don's MilL, 3. p. 834. Siftuyiiymes. A. integrifblia Lam. \ JndrfichDe TheophTasti" Clus. Hist. 1. p. 48. ; jjndr^chne Fark. Thcatr. 1490. f. 2. Tias is the Adractine of Theophrastus ; and it is called Adrachla in modern Greek. Engravings. Bot. Reg., t. 113. ; Bot. Mag, t. 2024. ; the plate in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., TOl. vi. ; and our^s. 1081. and 1082. Spec. Char., S^c. Leaves oblong, bluntish, entire in some, a little serrated in others, glabrous. Panicles terminal, erect, clothed with viscid down. Flowers 1081. A. AndAcbue. greenish white. Fruit like that of A. ITnedo. {Don's Mill.) An evergreen shrub or low tree. Greece, Asia Minor, and Tauria. Height 20 it. to 30 ft. Introduced in 1724. Flowers greenish white; March and April. Fruit like that of A. tA'nedo ; ripe in December. : A. A. 2 serratifoUa, A. ser- ratifolia Nois., (Lodd. Bot. Cab., t. 580. ; and our fig. 1083.) has the leaves ser- rated, and narrower than those of the species. The flowers are yellowish, and disposed in rather large terminal clusters. i'O 83. ^. J. aenatif&lia. Jt, AndriuAme. It differs from the common arbutus in having much longer leaves, smooth, coriaceous, and shining, and but slightly if at all serrated, and polished ; but the outer bark cracks, and peels off in very thin 576 ARBOKETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. papery layers annually, by which alone it is readily distinguished from the common arbutus. The plants, when young, are somewhat tender; but, it kept in pots till 2 or 3 feet high before they are planted out, they will endure the winters in the neighbourhood of London without any protection ; and will grow nearly as rapidly as the common arbutus, becoming eventually much larger and finer trees. t » i. A. PROCE^RA Douglas. The tall Arbutus, or Strawberry Tree. JfUniificaiion. Lindl. Bot Reg., 1. 1573. Engravings. Bot. Reg., 1. 1573. ; and OMr Jig. 1084. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves oblong, serrated, or entire, smooth ; petioles smooth. Racemes terminal, panicles secund. (Lindl.) A small evergieen tree ; in British gardens an evergreen bush, with fine broad glossy foliage. North-west coast of North America. Height 10 ft. to 20 ft. In- troduced in 1825. Flowers delicate, greenish white; May. Fruit like that of the common arbutus. Nearly allied to A. .4ndrachne ; but differing in the form and serratures of its leaves, and in the form and size of its ilowers. The root shoots are > covered with scattered bristles, as also are the leaf ^ stalk, and the leaves themselves on such shoots are very strongly serrated. «- A. TOMBNTO^SA Pursh. The downy Arbutus, or Strawberry Tree. Identification. Pursh Fl. Amer. Sept., 1. p. 282. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 836. Synonyme. ^rctostiphylos tomentbsa Lindl. Bot. Reg.. 1. 1791. Engravings. Bot. Mag., t 3320. ; Bot. Reg., 1. 1791. ; and onr fig. 1085. Spec. Char., S^c. The whole plant, except the flowers, downy while young. Branches hispid. Leaves with short and hispid petioles, midribs hispid, and disks oval, acute, sub- cordate at the base, and clothed with white tomentum beneath. Flowers bracteated, disposed in somewhat headed racemes, which are axillary, and shorter than the leaves. Corolla campanulately pitcher-shaped, pure white. (Don's Mill.) A low evergreen shrub. West coast of North America. Height 3 ft. to 4. ft. Flowers pure white ; Dec. Variett/. «- A. t 2 nuda Hook, et Arnott in Beech. Voy. Pt. Bot. 144., Hook. Fl. Bor. Amer. 2. t. 129. f. 4. — The plant is quite destitute of long stiflf hairs. a 6. .4. DENSiFLo^RA H. B. et Kunth. The densely fld Arbutus, or Strawberry Tree. Identification. H. B. et Kunth Nov. Gen. Amer., 3. p. 280. t. 260. i Don's Mill., 3. p. 835. Engravings. H. B. et Kunth Nov. Gen. Amer., 3. p. 280. t. 260.; and our .^. 1086. Spec. Char., Sfc. Branches angular, pilose. Leaves 4 in. to 5 in. long ; their petioles long, pilose ; their disks oblong, acute, sharply toothed, coriaceous, glabrous above, and shining beneath, clothed with brown- tinged down, and the middle nerve with long rusty-hued hairs. Flowers crowded, disposed Introduced in 1826. I08S. A. tomeiit6Ea. XLIII. £RICa'c£^ : ^RCTOSTA PHYLOS. 577 in panicles that are terminal and composed of approximate racemes. Pedi- cels furnished with 3 bracteas at the base. Corolla oval, white. Filaments dilated and pilose at the base. (Don's Mill.) A robust shrub or low tree. Mexico, on the eastern declivities between La Plata and Xalapa. Height 20 fl.; in. British gai'dens 5 ft. to 10 ft. Introduced in 1826. Flowers white ; December. Other Speaes apparently hardy. — A. spedbsa Dickson, Gard. Mag. 1840, p. 4. Leaves lanceolate, finely serrated, glaucous on the under side, and bright green above. Probably a large bush or small tree. JMexico, 1837. Another species, and also A. nepalensk Royle, have been raised in the H. S. Garden. Genus XV. ^RCTOSTA'PHYLOvS Adans. The Bearberry. Lin. Syst. Decandria Monogynia. Identtjication. Adans. Fam. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. SZ5. Si/noni/7nes. UVa-ursi Dod.j Tourn. ; A'Tbntm sp. Lin. Derivation. From arktos, a bear, and staphule, a grape. Gert. Char. Calyx 5-parted. Corolla globose or ovate-campanulate ; limb 5-cleft, reflexed. Stamens 10, enclosed ; filaments dilated at the base, and pilose. Anthers compressed at the sides, dehiscing by two pores at the apex, fixed by the back beneath the middle, where they are furnished with two reflexed horns. Ovarium seated on the hypogynous disk, or half- immersed in it, usually 5-celled, rarely 6 — 9-celled ; cells 1-seeded. Styles 1 Stigma obtuse. Drupe neai'ly globose. (Don's Mill.) Leaves simple, alteinate, exstipulate, evergreen or deciduous ; entire or serrated. Flowers in terminal racemes, pedicellate bracteate. Corollas white or flesh-coloured. Drupes red or black. — Shrubs or subshrubs, deciduous or evergreen, low or traiUng ; natives of Europe or America. *~ 1. A. UVa-u'rsi Spreng. The common Bearberry. Identification. Spreng. Syst., 2. p. 827. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 835. Synonymes. y^'rbutus U va-iirsi Lin. Sp. 566. ; ji'rbutus duxifblia Stokes JBot. 509. i U'va-firsi 6uxiR)lid Sal. in Gray's Arr. 2- p. 400. ; Bearberries, and Bear-whortleberries, Eng. ; Baren- trauhe, or Barenbpere, Cer.i Beerenduuif, Dutch; la Easserole, Fr. ; Uva d'Orzo, ItaL; Uva de Oso, Span. ; Uva de Urso, Fort. ; and Uva Ursi in the works of most old botanists. Engravings. Engl. Bot., t. 714. ; Schmidt Baum., 1. 138. j and otxx fig. 1087. Spec. Char., S^c. Stems procumbent. Leaves per- manent, obovate, quite entire, coriaceous, shining, resembling those of the common box. Flowers fasciculate ; pale red, or white with a red mouth ; growing in small clusters at the extremities of the branches. Drupe 5-celled. {Don's Mill.) s A trailing evergreen shrub. Canada and New England in rocky situations, and in the Island of Unalascha ; also in the middle of Europe ; and upon dry heathy mountains throughout the High- lands and Western Isles of Scotland. Height 1 ft. ; '""• -"• "'"■■'"'• trailing stems 2 ft. to 4 ft. Flowers pale red ; May and June. Berries red ; ripe in September. Variety. i^ A- U. 2 austriaca Lodd. — Leaves somewhat larger than those of the species. The berries are filled with an austere mealy pulp, and serve as food for grouse and other birds in Britain ; and in Sweden, Russia, and America, they form a principal part of the food of bears. The whole plant is powerfully astringent : it abounds in the tannin principle j and, both in Sweden and p p 578 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. America, it has been used for tanning leather, and dyeing it an ash-grey colour. On rockwork in gardens it is very ornamental. u 2. A. ALPI^NA Spreng The Alpine Bearberry. Identification. Spreng. Syst., 2. p. 287. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 836. Synonyme, A'Thutu& alplna Lin. Sp. 566. Engravings. Engl. Bot., t. 2030. ; and our^. 1088. Spec. Char., ^c. Stem procumbent. Leaves obovate, acute, wrinkled, ser- rated, deciduous. Racemes terminal. Pedicels rather hairy. The flowers grow in reflexed racemes, and are pure white. {Don's Mill.') A trailing evergreen shrub. Denmark, Switzerland, Siberia, Lap- land, &c. ; the Highlands of Scotland, on dry moors ; also in Canada, &c. Height 1 ft. ; shoots 2 ft. to 4 ft. Flowers in reflexed racemes, pure white ; April to June. Fruit black, of the size of a sloe, with a taste somewhat resembling that of black currants, but more mawkish : ripe in September. In British gardens, it has long been a favourite peat- earth trailing shrub, requiring an airy situation. It does not thrive in the immediate vicinity of London, nor where it is much sheltered ; but, either on rockwork, in beds of dry peat, or in moist peat, it grows with great luxuriance, and occasionally ripens fruit. A. pungens H. B. et Kunth (Don's Mill., iii. p. 836.) is a native of Mexico, in elevated places, near Moran and Villalpando, where it forms a branchy shrub, about a foot in height. Introduced in la39. Hort. Soc. Garden. loss. A. alpina. Genus XVI. PERNE'TTY^ Gaud. The Pernettya. Lin. St/si. Deeandria. Monogynia. identification. Gaud, in Frey. Voy., p. 454. t. 67. ; Don's Mill., 3 p. 836 Derivation. Named after Bom Pern^tty, the author of the Account of a Voyage to the Falkland Isles ; a work remarkable for its interest, as well as for its candour and exactness. The original species of this genus was mentioned by this traveller under the name of " Bruyfire & feuilles pointues." {Lindl. in Bot. Reg.) Gen. Char. Calyx inferior, 5-parted. Corolla globose ; limb 5-parted, re- volute. Stamens 10, almost hypogynous, enclosed; filaments thickened at the base. Cells of anthers bifid, and dehiscing at the apex. Ovarium free, depressed, globose, 3-celled ; cells many-seeded ; hypogynous scales or glands 10, 3-lobed, forming a ring round the ovarium, and alternating with the stamens. Style terminal, short. Stigma convex, obsoletely 5-lobed. Berry propped by the rather fleshy calyx. Seeds minute, oblong-ovate. {Don's MUL.) Leaves simple, alternate, stipulate, evergreen ; very small, approximate. Flowers axillary, solitary, drooping, with bracteate peduncles. — Shrubs, evergreen, small, spreading, much branched ; natives of Europe and America. ^ 1. P. MUCRONA^TA Gaud. The mucronate-^eawed Pernettya. Identification. Gaud, in Aim. Sc, 5. p. 102. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 836. Synanyme. .^'rbutus mucron^ta Lin.JlL Suppl. p. 239. i!iigravings. Bot. Reg., t. 1675. ; Bot. Mag., t 3093. ; and ouffig. 1089. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves ovate, cuspidate, denticulately serrulate, stiff, shining on both surfaces. Pedicels axillary, bracteate, about equal in length to the leaves. Flowers white, drooping. {Don's Mill.) A neat little evergreen ohrub. Terra del Fuego, Cape Horn, and the Straits of Magellan. Height 2 ft. to 3 ft. Introduced in 1828. Flowers white ; May. XLIII. £RICA^CEjE: gaultheW^. 579 Varieti/, a. P. m. 2 Cummingu, P. Cummlngij Lodd., differs from the species in having larger, less serrated, and more ovate leaves. A hardy evergreen shrub, of considerable beauty, on account of the neat appearance and dark colour of its foliage. %. 2. P. PiLo'sA G. Don. The pilose, or hdni, Pernettya. Identification. Sard. Mag., 10. p. 286. ; Don's Mil!., 3. p. 837. ; Bol, Mag., t. 3177. Syfwnyme. .4'rbutus pildsa Graham. Engravings. Bot. Mag., t. 3177. ; and o\irJig. 1090. Spec. Char., S;c. Stem pilose, pro- I0S9. r. muoionita. cumbent. Leaves ovate-elliptic, ciliately serrulated, coriaceous, with- out a mucro, and callous at the point. Pedicels axillaiy, 1-flowered, elongated, deflexed. Corolla ovate, vrith blunt revolute teeth, white. (Don's Mill.^ A prostrate ever- green shrub. Mexico. Height 6 in. to 1 ft. Introduced in Kv 1828, oi- before. Flowers white ; May. !W^. P. microph^Ua Gaud. (Don's Mill, iii. p. 336.), .4'rbutus microphylla Forst., A. ierpyllifolia Lam., is a native of the Straits of Magellan, where it grows to the height of 2 or 3 feet, but has not yet been introdueed. P. pumila Gaud. (Bot. Reg., May, 1834), ^'rbutus piiraila Forst., is a native of Magellan, introduced in 1820. Horti- cultural Society's Garden. p. pUiu. Genus XVII, GAULTHE^R/^ L. The Gaultheria. Monogynia. Lm. Syst. Decandria Identification. Lin. Gen., No. 551. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 839. Derivation. So named by Kalm, from GavlLhier, a physician and botanist of Canada. Gen. Char. Calyx 5-cleft. Corolla ovate, with a short 5-cleft limb. Stamens 10, enclosed. Anthers bifid at the apex ; lobes biaristate. Style 1. Stigma obtuse. Hypogynom scales 10, obsolete, or connate at the base. Capsule depressedly globose, ,5-celled, 5-furrowed, covered by the calyx, which is sometimes baccate ; valves septiferous in the middle. Placentas adnate to the base of the column. Seeds numerous, covered by a reticulated testa. (Don's Mill.) Leaves simple, alternate, exstipulate, evergreen ; toothed, ciliated. Flowers axillary and terminal, racemose, rarely solitary ; pedicels bibracteolate. Co- rollas white, rose-coloured, or scarlet. Filaments usually hairy. — Shrubs, evei'green, procumbent ; natives of America. t^ 1. E. REOPENS L. The creeping Epigaea. Identification. Lin. Sp., 565. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 841. : Lodd. Cat., ed. 1836. Engravings. Bot. Rep., 102. ; Bot. Cab., 160. ; and om fig. 1093. Spec. Char., Sfc. Branches, petioles, and nerves of 1093. £. rtpens. XLIII. i?RICA^CEjE : CLE^THRA. 581 leaves very hairy. Leaves cordate-ovate, quite entire. Corollas cylin- drical. Flowers white, tinged with red, very fragrant. (Don's Mill.) A creeping evergreen shrub. Nova Scotia to Carolina, on shady rocks and in stony woods, on the sides of hills, and at the roots of pines. Height 6 in. Introduced in 1736. Flowers white, tinged with red, very fragrant ; Alay to July. Vm-ietj/. t. E. r. 2 rubirunda Swt. Fl. Brit. 2d ser t. 384. has brilliant pink flowers. Raised from seed, 1836. Succeeds in peat soil, kept rather moist, and protected with a frame or hand-glass, or with snow, during very severe frosts. Genus XIX. PHALEROCA'RPUS G.Z)on. Tnte Phalerocarpus. Lin. Syst. Octkn- dria Monogynia. Identi/kation. Don's Mill., 3. p. 341. Synonymes. raccfnium Lin. ; Gaulth^rta Pursh ; Oxyc6ccus Nutt. ; ^'rbutus Lam. Derivation. From phaleroSj white, and karpos, a fruit ; in reference to the colour of the berriea. Gen. Char. Calyx 4-cleft, bibracteate at the base. Corolla short, campanulate, 4-cleft. Stamens 8 ; filaments hairy ?. Hypogynous dkk 8-toothed. An- thers semibifid. (Doti's Mill.) Leaves simple, alternate, exstipulate, evergreen; small, roundish-oval,acute. Flowers axillary, solitary, nearly sessile, white. — A shrub, creeping, ever- green, of diminutive size, with hispid branches and the habit of wild thyme. •, 1. P. SERPYLLiFoYius G. Don. The Wild-Thyme-leaved Phalerocarpus. Identification. Don's Mill., 3. p. 841. Synonymes. Faccinium hispidulum Lin. Sp. 500. ; Gaulthfiria serpyllifblia Pursh Sept. 1. p. 283. t. 13. ; ^'rbutus fiUfdrmis Lam. Did. 1. p. 228. : Oxycoccus hispldiUus Pers. Engravings. Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer., 1. t. 23. ; Pursh Sept., t. 13. j and our Jig. 1094. Spec, Char., Sfc. Berries white, produced in consider- able quantities, aromatic, not very acid, and rather insipid than agreeable. The shrub has the same aromatic taste and smell as Gaulthen'a procum- bens. {Don's Mill.) A creeping evergreen shrub. Canada to Pennsylvania ; and more particularly where cedars and other evergreens are predomi- nant ; and growing always amidst Sphagnum. Height 6 in. Introduced in 1815. Flowers white ; April and May. Berries white. Genus XX. L«j 1094. F. ;Ilif6Uui. CLE'THRA L. The Clethra. Lin. Sysi. Decandria Monogynia. Identification. Lin. Gen., No. 6ii3. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 841. Synonyme. Cuellltria Ruiz et Pay. Syst. 106. Derivation. From kletkra. the Greek name of the alder ; alludmg to a supposed resemblance in the leaves. Gen. Char. Calyx 5-parted. Corolla so deeply 5-parted .as to appear pen- tapetalous. Stamens 10, enclosed, or nearly so. Anthers behind, at length inflexedly pendulous and obverse, cordate, mucronate at the apex, mutic. p p 3 582 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM, Ovarium free. Styles straight. Stigma trifld. Capsule girded by the calyx, 3-celled, with a loculicidal dehiscence ; cells many-seeded. (Don's Mill.) Leaves simple, alternate, exstipnlate, deciduous; serrated. Flowers in racemes, tei'minal, solitary, or panicled, bracteate, with white corollas. — Shrubs, deciduous ; natives of North America. From the appearance of the plants in British gardens, we are strongly inclined to think that all the sorts may be referred to one species. Peat soil kept moist. M 1. C. ^LNiFo^LiA L. The Alder-leaved Clethra. Idmtf/icaUon. Lin. Sp., 566. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 84J. ; Pursli Sept., 1. p. 301. Syrumyme. C. rtlnif&lia var. x denndlita Att. Hort. Kew. 2. p. 73. EngrapiTigs. Schmidt Baum., t. 47. i and our Jig. 1095. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves cuneate-obovate, acute, coarsely serrated above, glabrous on both surfaces, and of the same colour. Racemes spicate, simple, bracteate, clothed with hairy tomentum. (Don's Mill.) A deciduous shrub. New England to Virginia, in swamps. Height 3 ft. to 4 ft. Introduced in 1731. Flowers 1095. c.aMfbiia. white J July and September. j» 2. C. (a.) tomento^sa Lam. The downy Clethra. Idenliflcation. Lam. Diet., 2. p. 46. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 842. ; Pursh Fl. Amer. Sept. l.p.301. SynonyTnes. C. nlntf&lia ^ pubescens Ait. Hort. Kew. 2. p. 73. ; C. incana Pers. Ench. 1 . p. 482. Engravings. Wats. Dend. Brit., t. 39. ; and our^j. 1096, and 1097. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves cuneate-obovate, acute, finely serrated at top, clothed with white tomentum beneath. Racemes spi- cate, simple, bracteate, villously to- mentose. (Don's Mill.) A decidu- ous shrub. Virginia and Carolina, in sviiamps. Height 3 ft. to 4 ft. ir SsWr' Introduced in 1731. Flowers white ; ^^ July to October. 1096. C. (o.Jtoraenlisa. •' jt 3. C. (a.) panicula^ta Ait. 1097. C. (a.ltoinentifla. The panicledj^oztwred Clethra. Identification. Ait. Hort. Kew., 2. p. 73. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 842. ; Pursh Sept., 1. p. 302. Engraving. Oat Jig. 1098. from a specimen in the British Museum, Spec. Char., ^c. Leaves narrow, cuneate-lanceolate, acute, aeuminately serrated, glabrous on both surfaces. Panicle terminal, elongated, composed of racemes, and clothed with white tomentum. (Don's Mill.) A deciduous shrub. Ca- rohna. Height 3 ft. to 4 ft. Introduced in 1770. Flowers white ; July to October. a S 4. C (a.) acuminata Michx. The acu- mirateA-leaved Clethra. Identification. Michx. Fl. Bor., Amer. 1. p. 260. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 842. ; Pursh Sept., 1. p. 302. Synonyme. C. raontana Bartr. Cat. Engramrtgs. Bot. Cab., t. 1427. ; and our/ig. 1099. Spec. Char., S^c. Leaves oval, acuminated, bluntish at the base, serrated, glabrous on both surfaces, rather glaucous beneath. Ra- cemes spicate, almost solitary, bracteate, clothed with white tomentum. Flowers resemUing those of C. alnifolia. (Doris Mill.) A large shrub or low 1099. c. («. 1098. C. (a.) paniculate. XLiii. ^;rica^ce^ : rhodode'ndron. 583 tree. Carolina, on high mountains. Height 10ft. to IS ft. Introduced in 180C. Flowers white ; July to October. J, 5. C. (a.) sca~bra Pers. The rough-leaved Clethra. Umtijication. Pers. Ench., 1. p. 482. : Don's Mill., 3. p. 842. ; Pursh Sept., 1. p. 302. Engraving. On^fig. 2093. in p. 1107. Spec. Char., S^c. Leaves broad, cuneate-obovate, acute, scabrous on both sur- faces, coar.sely serrated ; serratures hooked. Racemes spicate, sub-panicled bracteated, finely tomentose. {Don's Mill.) A. deciduous shrub. Western parts of Georgia. Height 3 ft. to 4 ft. Introduced in 1806. Flowers white ; July to October. Sect. II. Mhodo'rbm. The iJhodorese include genera of some of the most singularly ornamental evergreen and deciduous peat-earth shrubs that adorn our gardens j for what would our American grounds be without rhododendrons and azaleas ? The culture of all the species is nearly the same; they all require peat-earth, or, at least, thrive best in it ; and some of them will not live without it. They may all be propagated by cuttings of the growing shoots, planted in fine sand, and covered with a glass, or by layers ; but the best plants of all the spe- cies are procured from seed. The varieties can, of course, only be oontinued by cuttings or layers ; and the stools for these require to be planted in beds of peat, which should be kept tolerably moist. The seeds, if ripened in this country, should be sown soon after gathering ; and those imported from Ame rica, immediately on being received : because, though the seeds of all the jEri- caceae will retain the vital principle for several years, yet the longer they are kept out of the soil, the less likely they are to germinate, and the greater will be the risk of losing some of them. They should be sown in pots or boxes, or in a border shaded from the direct influence of the sun ; and kept in a uniform state of moisture, and protected from the frost. In sowing, the surface of the soil should previously be made quite smooth, and gently pressed down, or watered till it has settled to a level surface ; and, after the seeds have been equally distributed over this surface, they should be covered with no more soil than is barely requisite to conceal them from the eye. Seeds sowu in autumn will germinate in the following spring, and be fit for transplanting into nursery lines or pots by the autumn, or by the spring of the following year. These directions will apply generally to all the species, but are more particularly applicable to those which are perfectly hardy. In France, some of the species have been increased by herbaceous grafting. Genus XXI. TJHODODE'NDRON L. The Khododendron, or Rose Bay. Lin. Syst. Penta-Decandria Monogynia. IdentmcaUm. Lin. Gen., No. 548. ; Don's MiU., 3. p. S43. Sunonumes. Az41ea sp. of authors ; iJbodilra Lin. ; ChamErhododendros Toum. Inst. t. 373. ; miododendron, Pr., Jtal., and Span. ; Alpbalsam, Ger. ..,...,,.,.. DeriiiaUon. From rhadon, a rose, and dendron, a tree ; in reference to the terminal bunches of flowers, which are usually red, or rose-colour. Gen. Char. Calyx 5-parted. Corolla somewhat funnel-shaped, or campanu- late rarely rotate or 5-parted ; limb 5-cleft, somewhat bilabiate; upper lip the broadest and usually spotted. Stamens 5 — 10, usually exserted, declinate. Anthers opening by two terminal pores. Capsule 5-celled, 5-valved, rarely p p 4 584 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. 10-ceIled and 10-valved as in S. arboreum, with a septicidal dehiscence at the apex. Placentas simple, angular. Seeds compressed, scobiform, winged. (^Don's Mill.) Leaves simple, alternate, exstipulate, deciduous, or evergreen ; quite entire, terminated by a sphacelate apex, or yellow gland. Flowers terminal, corymbose, showy. — Shrubs, usually evergreen ; natives of Europe, Asia, and North Ameiica. In the Azalea division of this genus the species are almost entirely decidu- ous, with quite entire alternate leaves, terminated by a withered tip, or yellow gland ; and terminal, corymbose, showy flowers. All the species thrive best in sandy peat, kept rather moist ; and they are propagated chiefly by layen and seeds. § i. Ponticum D. Don. Sect. Char. Limb of calyx short, o-lobed. Corolla campanulate. Stamens 10 Ovarium 5-celled. Leaves coriaceous, evergreen. {Don's Mill., iii. p. 843.) • 1. R. po'nticum L. The Pontic Rhododendron, or Rose Bay. Identification. Lin. Sp., 662. i Don's Mill., 3. p. 843. Engravings. Pall. Fl. Ross., 1. p. 43. 1.29. ; Bot. Mag., t. 660. ; and our fig. 1100. Spec. Char., ^c. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, glabrous on both surfaces, attenuated towards the thick petioles, with a streak on the upper surface, of a wide lanceolate form. Racemes short, corymbose. Leaves sometimes becoming ferruginous beneath. Corolla purple or purplish pink, large ; with ovate, acute, or lanceolate segments. Calyx minute, 5-toothed, somewhat carti- laginous. {Don's Mill.) An evergreen shrub ; Pontus (now Armenia), in Asia Minor. Height 10 ft. to 12 ft. Introduced in 1-763. Flowers purple; May and June. Capsules brown ; ripe in September. Varieties. H. R. p. 2 obtu 1100. A. ptfnticum 1101. R. p. Tnyrtifotium. Wats. Dend. Brit. t. 162., Don's Mill., has the leaves subcordate, coriaceous, obtuse, and the calyx very short, and unequally and undulately crenated. It grows from 3 ft. to 4 ft. high, and has purple flow- ers. Wild in Armenia. R. p. 3 myrtifolium Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 908. (and our Jig. 1101.), Don's Mill., has the leaves small, and the flowers purple. It is a native of Gibraltar. R. p. i Smitkn Siut. Brit. Fl.-Gard. n. s. t. 50., Don's Mill., has the leaves lanceolate, and clothed with white tomentura beneath ; corymbs many- . flowered ; ovarium to- mentose, and 10-celled. The flowers are of a rosy purple, ap- proaching to crimson, elegantly spotted with black. A hybrid, raised by Mr. Smith, at Coonibe Wood, from the seed of R. ponticum, impregnated by the pollen of R. arboreum. R. p. 5 Lown Gard. Mag. vol. xi. p. 190. — Corolla white ; the upper segments marked by a few dull scarlet spots. This is a most striking variety, originated by M. Jacob Makoy. B R. p. 6 azaleoides ; R. azaleoides Desf. ; /J. p. /3 subdeciduum ^ndr. Bot. Rep. t. j,oa. n. p. „.ie5id«. XLiii. £rica"ce^ : bhodode'ndron. 585 379., and our Jig. 1 102. ; is a hybrid between R. p6nticum and some species of Azalea with fragrant blossoms. It was originated about 1820, and is a favourite in collections, c R. p. Tfrctgrans Chandler {Herb. Amaryll. p. 356.) was raised in the Vauxhall Nursery. Xursery Varieties. The following are cultivated by Messrs. Loddiges : — R. p. ftlhum. JR. p. caerulescens. R. p. frondiJsum. JR. angustifblium. contortum. grandifl6rum, angustissimum. cifspum. incarndtiim. fl. pl^no. intermedium. ffrbutit"t>Iium. bTOmeMtsjaimm. bull^tum. cassineloMimi. fol. argenteis. fot. adreis. fol. margin&tis. lialmifE/SftMOT. macropliyllum. niv^ticum. . p. obti^sum. ovMum. pygmfiB'um. rftseum. falicifblium spectabile. viol&ceum. The iJhodod^ndron ponticum is the commonest species of the genus in British gardens, where it grows to the height of from 5 ft. to 15 ft., or up- wards ; forming a dense bush, which will spread over a large space, if it be allowed abundance of room. In proper soil, if kept moist, the plant will make shoots, when young, of 1 ft. or more in length in a season, attaining the height of 4 or 5 feet in 5 or 6 years : but afterwards it grows more slowly ; and, when a large bush, seldom makes shoots above 6 in. in length. It ap- pears to be of considerable durability. In cool, loamy or sandy, and some- what moist soils, it is planted in woods as ornamental undergrowth, and succeeds perfectly, both in England and Scotland. It will grow in almost any soil ; but, in England, it seeras to thrive best in sandy peat, or deep sandy loam. In the common manured earth of gardens it succeeds worse than in unmanured loams of a close texture, even strong clays, particularly if the latter be kept moist. The want of tenacity of the manured garden soil alluded to, more especially in a dry season, seems not to allow it to cohere sufficiently to the small hair-like roots of this order of plants, to enable their very minute spongioles to imbibe nourishment from it. « 2. R. ma'ximdm L. The largest Rhododendron, or American Rose Bay. Identification. Lin. Sp. PI., p. 563. j Don's Mill., 3. p. 843. ; Lodd. Cat., ed. 18M. Engravings. Lam. III., 364. ; Schmidt Baum., 1. 121. ; and our Jig. 1103. Spec. Char., Sfc. Arborescent. Leaves elliptic-oblong, acute, convex, bluntish at the base, whitish or rusty beneath, glabrous. Calycine segments oval- obtuse. Segments of corolla roundish. Flowers pale red, in umbellate co- rymbs, studded with green, yellow, or purple protuberances. {Don's Mill.) An evergreen shrub. Canada to Carolina, on the mountains, near rivu- lets and lakes, upon rocks and barren soils. Height 10 ft. to 15 ft. Intro- duced in 1736. Flowers pale red, and yellowish ; June to August, Capsules brown ; ripe in September. Varieties. « R. VI. 2 album Hort. — Flowers pure white, and is comparatively rare in British gar- dens. « R. m. 3 hybridum Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 3454.. (and our fig. 1104.) R. fragrans Hort., R. h/bridura LoM. Cat. — Supposed to be a hybrid originated by fertilising the common white glaucous-leaved Azalea with the pollen of R. maximum. This not. «. m. hftadmn. 1103. a. m&xjmutn. 586 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. variety has fragrant flowers, and, according to Sir W. J. Hooker, is " amply worthy of a place in every garden and shrubbery." Readily known fi'om R. ponticum and R. catawbiense by the rusty under surface of the leaves, and the comparatively pale green of the entire plant. It neither grows nor flowers so freely in British gardens as the other species. • 1 3. R. (m.) purpu^reum G. Don. The \iaTp\e-flowered Rhododendron, or Avieiican Rose Bay. Identification. Don's Mill., 3. p. 843. Synonmnes. R. maximum y purpEireum Pursh Ft. Amer. Sept. 1. p. 297. ; B. p6nticum macro- ph^Ilum Lodd. Cat. Engraving. Om fig. 2096. in p. 1108. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves large, oblong-elliptic, flattish, acute, bluntish at the base, green, and glabrous on both surfaces. Segments of corolla oblong and obtuse. Calycine segments obtuse. This shrub approaches near to R. ponticum ; but it differs in its foliaceous calyx, and otherwise. It grows to an immense size ; its stem being often found 18 in. and more in diameter ; and its foliage triple the size of that of any other species. {Don's Mill.) A large evergreen shrub, or low tree. Virginia and Carolina, on the highest mountains, near lakes. Height 25 ft. ; in England seldom seen otherwise than as a shrub. Introduced ?. Flowers large, purple; May and June. Rare in British gardens. ■ 4. R. Pu'esh// G. Don. Piu'sh's Rhododendron, or American Rose Bay. Identification. Don's Mill., 3. p. 843. S.ijnonyme. R. maximum ^ &lbum Pursh Fl. Amer. Sept. 1. p. 297.' " Our j%. llOf). from a specimen in Dr. Lindley's herbarium. Spec. Char., Sfc, Arborescent. Leaves cuneate-lanceolate, flat, glabrous, tapering gra- dually to the base, paler beneath. Calycine seg- ments oval, obtuse. Seg- ments of corolla roundish oblong. Flowers white, and smaller than those of R. maximum. {Don's Mill.) An evergreen shrub. New Jersey and Delaware, in shady cedar swamps. Height 6 ft. to 8 ft. Introduced in 1811, but not common in collections. Flow- ers white ; June to August. The latest of all the rhododendrons in British gardens. Horticultural Society's Garden. Engraving. 1105. ft. Pfirshit. 5. R. catawbie'nse Michx. Catawba Rhododendron. The Identification. Michx. FI, Bor. Amer., 1. p. 258.; Don's Mill.,3. p. 843. Engravings. Bot. Mag., t. 1671.; Bot. Cab., t. 1176.; andour.;!^. 1106. Spec. Char., S^c. Leaves short-oval, rounded, and obtuse at both ends, glabrous, of a different colour be- neath. Calycine segments elongated oblong. Flowers purple, disposed in umbellate corymbs. {Don's Mill.) A large evergreen shrub. Virginia and Carolina, particularly near the head waters of the Catawba River. Height 4 ft. Introd. in 1809 and I10€. R. catawbijnse. XLHI. £RICA*CE^: BHODODE'NDRON. 587 now one of the most common species, and the hardiest, in gardens. Flowers rosy Ulac ; June to August. Capsule brown ; ripe in September. Varieties. a. R. c. 2 Russellianum Brit. Fl.-Gard. 2d ser. t. 91. — Leaves oblong finely tomentose beneath. Corymbs many-flowered. Flowers of a bright rosy red, approaching to crimson. A hybrid raised from the seed of R. catawbiense, impregnated by the pollen of R. arboreum, by Mr. Russell of Battersea. A very splendid variety, but some- what tender. n. R. c. 3 iigrinum Hort — A variety with a corolla much resembling that of R. c. Russellianam, but with obvious spots on the inside. It is of more robust growth than either R. ponticum or R. maximum, but, * in other respects, seems intermediate between them. There are many hybrids in cultivation between it and the former species, though without names. n. 6. R. chrysa'nthum L. The golden-flowered Rhododendron. Identification. Lin. Syst., 405., Suppl., 237. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 843. Symmyme. R. officinlle Salisb. p. 12). t. 54. Engravings. Salisb. Par. Lond., t. 80. ; and our^. 1107. Spec. Char., ^c. Leaves acutish, attenuated at the base, oblong, glabrous, reticulately veined, and of a rusty colour beneath. Flowers and buds clothed with rusty tomentum. Pedicels hairy. Calyx hardly any. Seg- ments of the corolla rounded. Ovarium tomentose. Branches decumbent, beset with rusty stipule-formed scales. Flowers handsome, large, drooping, revolute, rather irregular, yellow. Stigma 5-lobed. (Don's Mill.) A low evergreen undershrnb. Siberia, on the "highest mountains ; and Caucasus and Kamtschatka. Height 6 in. to 1ft. Introduced in 1796, but not common in collections, being very difficult to keep. Flowers yellow ; June and July. 1107. h. cbijsSnumm. It requires to be grown in rather moist peat, kept firm, in an open airy situation. «. 7. R. cadca'sicum Pall. The Caucasian Rhododendron. Identification. Fall. Fl. Ross., I . p. 46. t. 30. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 844. Engravings. Bot. Mag., t. 1145. \ ajiA our Jig. 1108. ^ee. Char., SfC. Leaves ovate-oblong, clothed with rusty tomentum beneath, rugged and green above. Peduncles hairy. Bracteas elongated, tomentose. Ovarium downy. Root creeping. Branches pro- cumbent. Flowers purple or white, disposed in umbellate corymbs. Corollas rotate, with wavy rounded segments. (Don's Mill.) A compact ever- green shrub. , Caucasus, on high rocks, near the limits of perpetual snow. Height 1 ft. Introduced in 1803, but rare in collections. Flowers white or purple; August. uos. «. caocisioum. Varieties. The following hybrids are among the handsomest rhododendrons in cultivation : — n. R. c. 2 stramineum Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 3422. — Corollas straw-co- loured. A plant of this variety in the Glasgow Botanic Garden, in April, 1835, was 2 ft. high, and 3 ft. in diameter, with the extremities of its fine leafy branches terminated with clusters of large, beautiful, straw-coloured flowers. The cUmate of Scotland seems to suit this, and some of the other species found in the coldest parts of the Russian empire, better than that of the South of England, n. R. t. 3 pulcherrimtim Lindl. Bot. Reg. t. 1820. f. 2. — A hybrid ob- 588 AKBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BKITANNICUM. tained by Mr. Waterer of the Knaphill Nursery, between R. arbo- reum and R. caucasicum, in 1832; a most beautiful variety, quite hardy, and an abundant flowerer. R. c. 4 NoblemVLm Hort. (Bot. Reg., t. 1820. f. 1.) is a hybrid, very much like the preceding one in all respects, except that its flowers are of a deep and brilliant rose colour. 1. 8. R. PUNCTA^TUM Andr. The iott&A-leaved Rhododendron. Identification. Andr. Bot. Eep., 36. ; Vent. Cels., 1. 15. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 844. Synonymes. I{. ferrugineum var. minus Fers. Ench. 1. p. 478. ; R. minus Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer. 1. p. 258. ; R. punctatum var. minus Wats. Bend. Brit. 162. A. Engravings. Andr. Bot. Eep., 36.; Dend. Brit., t. 162. /i.;and outfig. 1109. Spec. Char., ^c. Leaves oval-lanceolate, acute at both ends, glabrous, beset with rusty resinous dots beneath. Pedicels short. Calycine teeth short. Segments of corolla ovate, a little undu- lated. Flowers pink, disposed in umbellate corymbs. Corollas fun- nel-shaped. Capsules elongated. {Don's Mill.) A low ever- green shrub. Carolina, on mountains, parti- cularly at the head waters of the Savannah River. Height 4 ft. Introd. 1786. Flowers pink; July and August. iiio. K.p. mijus. 'Variety. R. 2^. 2 majus Ker. (Bot. Reg., and flowers larger. t. 37. : and our/g. 1110.) — Leaves tt. 9. R. ferrugi'neum L. The rasty-leaved Rhododendron. Menlificatlon. Lin. Sp., 662. i Don's Mill., 3. p. 844. Engravings. Bot. Cab., 65. j and ourfig. 1111. S])ec. Char., Sfc. Leaves oblong, attenuated at both ends, glabrous, shining and green above, but thickly beset with rusty dots beneath. Calycine seg- ments dentately ciliated. Leaves like those of the box tree ; when young, cili- ated with a few hairs at bottom. Flowers of a beautiful rose colour or scarlet, dis- posed in umbellate corymbs, marked with ash-coloured or yellow dots. Corollas funnel-shaped. Filaments hairy at bottom. {Don's Mill.) A low evergreen shnib. Alps of Switzerland, Austria, Savoy, Dau- phine, and Piedmont ; where this species and R. hirsutum terminate ligneous vege- tation, and furnish the shepherds with their only fuel. Height 1 ft. Introduced in 1752. Flowers rose-coloured or scarlet; May to July. Vaiicty. n. R./. 2 alhmn Lodd. Cat. ed. 1836. — Flowers white. It 10. if. (? F.) niRsu~TUM iS. The hairy Rhododendron. Idenliflcation, Lin. Sp., 662. ; Don's Mill.. 3. p. 844. Engravings. Bot. Mag., t. 1853. ; Bot. Cab., t. 479. ; and omjig. 1112. 1111. R. ferrugineum. XLIII. ERICa'cEJE : ieHODODE'NDKON. 589 1112. A. (f Ihirfidtum. Spec. Char., ^c. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, or elliptic, acutish, ciliated with rusty hairs on the margins, glabrous above, dotted and hairy beneath. Calycine segments fringed, bearded. Flowers pale red or scarlet, disposed in umbellate corymbs. Corollas funnel-shaped. (Don's MM.) A low evergreen shrub. Alps of Switzerland, Austria, Styria, Dau- phine, &c. Height I ft. to 2 ft. Introduced in 1656. Flowers pale red or scarlet ; May to July. Variety. js. R. (/.) h. 2 variegatum. — Leaves edged with yellow. Possibly only a variety of the pre- ceding species. B. 11. -R. SETO'SUM B.Don. The bristly Rhododendron. Identification. D, Don in Wera. Soc. Trans., 3. p. 408. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 844. Engraving. OurJ^. 1113, from a specimen in the herbarium of Professor DeCandolle. Spec. Char., Sfc. Branchlets beset with . bristles. Leaves oval, mucronate, bristly on the margins and under surfaces. Pedicels beset with glandular hairs. Calycine segments rounded, coloured, naked, crenulated. A small, stiflj much-branched shrub. Leaves half an inch long. Flowers purple, size of those of R. dauricum, disposed in umbellate corymbs. Calyx purple. Filaments bearded at the base. Stigma capitate. {Don's Mill.) A low evergreen shrub. Nepal, in Gos- sainthan. Height 6 in. to 1 ft. Introduced in 1825, but rare. Flowers purple ; May. B. R. macrophyUum D.Don {G. Don's Mill., iii. p. 843.) is a native of the north-west coast of North America, where it was collected by Mr. Menzies; and there are specimens in Mr. Lam- bert's herbarium ; but the plant has not yet been introduced. The petioles of the leaves are 1 in., and theii- disks from 7 in. to 8 in.. long; and the flowers are smaller than those of R. maximum, and white. § ii. Booram. Derivation. The nama of iZ. arbbreum in Nepal. Sect. Char., ^c. Limb of calyx 5-lobed. Corolla campanulate. Evergreen trees or shrubs, natives of the Himalayas, and other mountainous regions of Northern India. One species is hardy in British gardens. • 12. R. campanula'tum D. Don. The bell-shape-^oM'?. 1117. Spec. Char., 6,0. Leaves deciduous ; oblong, attenuated at both ends, glabrous, but sprinkled with rusty scales, especially beneath. Limb of calyx 3-toothed. Corollas rotate. Roots knobbed, abounding in fibres. Stems twisted and knobbed in the wild state. Petioles downy. Leaves dotted on both surfaces, but ferruginous beneath. Before they fall in autumn, they become of a dusky red colour. The flowers rise before the leaves, from the tops of the branches, from buds which are com- posed of concave downy scales. (Don's sum.) A deciduous shrub. Siberia, peculiar to the alpine tracts of Eastern Asia- Height 2 tt. to 6 ft. Introduced in 1780. Flowers purple ; December to March. Variety, ^^ at • R. d. 2 atromrens Ker. (Bot. Reg., 1. 194 ; Bot. Mag., /J^ t. 1888.) — Sub-evergreen. Leaves deep green, and shining above ; persistent. Siberia. Very desirable low shrubs, from their flowering so early in the season; but, to thrive, they require peat soil. 1117. a.dsMcim. R. lepidofuni Wall. (Royle lUust., p. 260. t. 64. f. L ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 845.) is a native of Nepal, with the habit of R. daiiricum, but with leaves of a thinner texture; and with every paj-t of the plant beset with ferruginous scale-like dots. It grows to the height of 2 or 3 feet, but has not yet been introduced. § V. Clianuedstus D. Don. Derivation. From c/iamai, on the ground, and cistvs, the rock rose; plants with the habit of species of HeMnthemum. Sect. Char. Limb of calyx foUaceous, 5-cleft. Corolla rotate. Stamens 10 Ovarium 5-celled. Diminutive, prostrate, evergreen shrubs, with small membranous leaves. s~ 16. R. camtscha'ticum Pall. The Kamtschatka Rhododendron. Identification. Pall. Fl. Ross., 1. p. 48. t. 33. : Don's Milt, 3. p. 845. Engravings. Ginel. Sib., 4. p. 126. No. 13. ; and our^. 1118, Spec. Char., ^c. Leaves obovate, acutish, 5-nerved, naked, ciliated ; peduncles hairy, usually twin. Caly- cine segments ciliated, foliaceou.--. Corollas purple, rotate. (Don's Mill.) A prostrate evergreen shrub. Kamtschatka and the Aleutian Islands, in muddy places on the mountains. Height 6 in. to 1 ft. In- troduced in 1802, but rare in British gardens. Flow- ers purple; July. 1118. A. camtschitticum. 592 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. «. 17. iJ. Cham^ci'stus L. The Ground-Cistus Rhododendron. Identification. Lin. Sp., S62. ; Dou's Mill., 3. p. 854. Engravings. Bot. Mag., t. 488. ; Bot. Cab., t. I49I. ; and our;^. 1119. Spec. Char., ^c. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, attenuated at both ends, stifSsh, glan- dularly cihated. Peduncles usually twin, and, as well as the calyxes, beset with glandular hairs. Corollas rotate, pale purple. {Don's Mill.) A dwarf tufted evergreen shrub, with ,^jl; ^ T=" \ -^^ small leaves, about the .size of those " i -- of a species of Heliarithemum. Alps of Austria, Carniola, Mount Baldo, and near Salzburg ; and in Eastern Siberia. Height 6 in. Introd. 1786. Flowers purple J May and June. 1119. k. chamacutus. § vi. Pentanthera D. Don. SynonyTne. Azillea L, Derivation. From pente, five, and anthera, an anther ; flowers pentandrouB. Sect. Char. Limb of calyx short, 5-lobed. Corolla funnel-shaped. Sta- mens 5. Ovarium 5-celled. Leaves deciduous. This group includes the hardy azaleas of the gardens, which have mostly deciduous leaves, and are quite distinct in their appearance from the plants of the preceding groups of this genus, which are all evergreen and sub-evergreen. After Mr, Don's name, we have given the name previously applied, and then the common English name, leaving them to be adopted by the practical gardener, if he should think fit. At the same time, those who prefer following Mr. Don have onl) to pass over the names which we have put in parenthesis. ^ 18. iJ. flaVum G. i)on. (Aza'iea po'mtica i.) The Pontic, or co??MHon, Azalea. Identification. Don's Mill., 3. p. 847. Synonymes. Azalea p6ntica Lin. Sp. 1669. ; Azalea arbbrea Lin. Sp, ed. 1. p. 150. Engravings. Bot. Mag., t. 2J83. ; and our Jig. 1120. Spec. Char., Src Flowers leafy, clammy. Leaves ovate oblong, pilose, ciliated. Corolla funnel- shaped. Stamens very long. {Don's Mill.) A deciduous shrub. Levant, Pontus, Caucasus, Asiatic Turkey, &c. Height 4 ft. to 6 ft. Introduced in 1793. Flowers yellow ; May and June. Varieties and Hybrids. There are a great number of varieties of this species in the gardens, dif- fering principally in the colour of their flowers, . and the hue of the leaves. The flowers of the species are of a fine bright yellow ; but those of the varieties are of all shades, from yellow to copper, or orange colour ; and they are some- times of a pure white, or of white striped with yellow and red. Besides, as this species seeds freely, and is easily cross-fecundated with the North American species, an immense number of varieties of it have been origin- ated in British and Continental gardens. The varieties and hybrids which are considered as belonging to Azalea pontica, which are given in Loddiges's Catalogue for 1836, are the following, but new kinds are originated every year, and we therefore refer to the yearly catalogues of nurserymen. 1120. R fl&mm. A. p. 2 alba, 3 aurintia. 4 crockta. 5 CLiprea. 6 ilcinimea. 7 flilgens. 8 gla6ca. 9 ign^scens. 10 ochroleilca. 11 p01ida. j» 19. iJ. NUDiFLO^RUM Torr. (Aza'leakudiflo'ea z..) The naked-flowered Azalea. Identification. Torr. Fl. Un. St., 1. p. 140. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 847. XLIII. £RICA CE^ : iJHODODE NDRON. 5&Ef Synonymes. p. 115. J f Eitgraving, AzUea nudifldra Lfn. Sp. 214.; Azklea periclymendldes Michx. Fl. Bor- Amer. 1. the American Honeysuckle ; May Flowers, and wild, or upright^ Honeysuckle, Amer. 1121. R. nudifl6niin. 0\3i Jig. 1121. from a living specimen. Spec. Char., Spc. Leaves lanceolate-oblong, nearly smooth, and green on both surfaces, ciliated on the margins, having the midrib bristly beneatt., and woolly above. Flowers rather naked, not clammy, scarlet, pink, white, striped, variegated, red, purple, &c., disposed in terminal clustered racemes, ap- pearing before the leaves. Tube of corolla longer than the divisions. Teeth of calyx short, rather rounded. Stamens much exserted. (JDori's Mill.) A deciduous shrub. Canada to Georgia, on the sides of hills. Height 3 ft. to 4 ft. Introduced in 1734. Flowers of various colours ; April to June. Capsule brown. It is the parent of numerous varieties, and, in con- junction with the preceding species, of many beautiful hybrids. Varieties and Seedlings. £ R. n. 1 coccineum D. Don. Azalea n. coccfnea Sims Sot. Mag. t. 180. — Flowers scarlet, and the leaves lanceolate. It is a native of Georgia, near Savannah. * R. n. 2 rutilans D. Don. A. n. rutilans Ait. Hort. Kew. p. 319. ; A. periclyme- noides rutilans Pursh. Fl. Amer. Sept. i. p. 152., and our^g. 1122. — The flowers are deep red. Calyxes minute. 3^ R. n. 3 cameum D. Don. A. n. carnea Ait. 1. c, Bot. Reg. t. 120. ; A. p, carnea Pursh 1. c. — The corollas are pale red, having the tube red at the base, and the calyx foliaceous. a R. n. 4 album D. Don. A. n. alba Ait. 1. c. ; A. p. alba Pursh. — The flowers white, and the calyx middle-sized. ^ R. n. 5 papilionaceum D. Don. A. p. pa- pilionacea Pursh. — Flowers reddish, with the lower segment white, and the calyx foliaceous. iS R. ». 6 partttum D. Don. A. p. partita Pursh. — The flowers are pale red, 5- parted, even to the base. SS R. «. 7 polymdrum D. Don. A. p. poly- andra Pursh 1. c. — Flowers of a rose colour, short. Stamens 10 — 20. It is fouird near Phi- ladelphia. Varieties and Hybrids chiefly raised at ' High Clere. * R. re. 8 Govematiom D. Don (Brit. Fl.-Gard., iii. t. 263. ; and our fig. 1 1 23.) — The branches tomentosely downy. Leaves evergreen or deciduous, oblong, acute, downy while young, but glabrous in the adult state, and recurved at the apex. Tube of corolla a little shorter than iiis. R-n-Ga^mUinum. Q « ll%i. A. n. rtidlans. ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNXCUM. the segments. Flowers delicate light purple, disposed in ter- minal racemose corymbs. It is a hybrid raised from the seed of A. nudiflora impregnated by the pollen of a hybrid raised between R, ponticum.and R. catawbiense. R. n. 9 rubrum Lodd.Bot. Cab. t. 51. — Flowers red. R. w. 10 eximium D. Don. — Raised, in 1829, from seeds of R. nudi- florum coccineum majus, to which pollen of iJhododendron arboreum had been applied. It resembles its female parent, having very little affinity with R. arboreum, except in its evergreen leaves and decan- drous flowers. R. n. 11 thyrsijlorum Bot. Reg, 1367., and our ^g. 1124. — Raised at High Clere m 1835 or before. R. n. 12 scintillans Bot. Reg. 1461., and our Jig, 1125. — Raised at High Clere in 1835 or before. R. w. 13 Seymouri Bot. Reg. 1975., and our ^g, 1126. — Raised at High Clere in 1835 or before. 1124. R. n thyrdflAruin, 1125. R, n. scintniass. 1126. A. n. Ssymoiliri. Varieties and Hyhids assigned to A, nudiflora in Loddiges*s Catalogue for 1836 are the following : — A. li. 2 Slba et ribra. 3 amoeba. 4 blftnda. 5 cSrnea. 6 carol ini^na. 7 Cobiirgm. 8 colorSta. 9 conspicua. 10 crispa. 11 cumula. 12 discolor. 13 fastigi&.ta. 14 fl6rD plfeno. 15 flfirida. 16 globdsa. 17 grandiflfera. 18 inciina. 19 incarnSta. 20 mir^bllis, 21 men Una. % 22 ochroleilca. 1127. A., n. rosea. A. u. 23 pallida. 24 palliddsa. 25 papilionitcea. 26 _periclymenoidea, 27 purpurascens. 28 purpiirea. 29r5sea. {fig. 1127.) 30 ruberrima. 31 rubicdnda. 32 rilbra. 33 ritfa. 34 riltilans. 35 serfitina. 36 starainea. 37 stellSta. 38 tricolor. 39 varia. 40 variabilis. 41 varieg^ta. 42 versicolor. 43 ifiol^cea. M 20. R. (n.) bi'color G.Don. (A. (N.)Bi'coLOHPursA.) The two-coloured- * flowered Azalea. Identification. Don's Mill., 3. p. 847. Synont/mes. Azdlea bfcolor Pursh Sept. 1. p. 158. ; Azalea nudiflbra var. Mcolor Ait. Hort. Kew. 1. p. 319. Engravings. Trew Ehret, 48. ; and o\irfig. 1128. Spec. Char., 3^c. Leaves oblong, clothed on both sur- faces with fine hoary pubescence, not bristly on the nerve. Flowers small, not clammy, naked, smaller and more slender than those of most of the other species. Tube of corolla hardly longer than the segments. Calyxes very short'; having one of nas. a.m.jwcoior XLllI. £RICA^CEjE : iJHODODE'NDRON. 595 the segments linear, and 4 times longer than the rest. Filaments ex- serted. Branchlets hispid. (Don's Mill.') A deciduous shrub. Carolina and Georgia, on bai-ren sandy hills. Height 3 ft. to 4 ft. Introduced in 1734. Flowers red and white ; May. sfc 21. -R. (n.) calendula'ceum Torr. (A. (n.) calendulaYea Michx.) The Marigold^owered Azalea. tdentification. Torr. Fl. Un. St., p. 140. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 847. St/nonymes. Azalea calenduUcea Miciix. FL Ear. Amer. 1. p. 15B. ; A. nudiflbra var. coccinea Ait. Horl. Kew. 319. Engravings. Bot. Mag., t. 172. ; Bot. Cab., t. 1394. ; Bot. Reg.,' t. 1454. j and our J^. 1129. Spec. Char., S;c. Leaves oblong, pubescent on both sur- faces, but afterwards hairy. Flowers large, not clammy, rathei' naked. Teeth of calyx oblong. Tube of corolla hairy, shorter than the segments. (Don's Mill.) A deciduous shrub. North America, from Pennsylvania to Carolina. Height 2 ft. to 6 ft. In- troduced in 1806. Flowers yellow, red, orange- coloured, or copper-coloured ; May and June. nsg. n, („., daiduiscaam. VariMies. Si R. c. 2 Mortei-ii Swt. Fl.-Gard. 2d s. 10. — A hybrid between R. calen- dulaceum and one of the red varieties of R. nudiflorura, of which there are two subvarieties; one with a flesh-coloured corolla, having the upper segment orange-coloured, edged with flesh-colour, called R. Morterij carneum; and another, called R. Morteni var. prse'stans, with pale copper-coloured flowers, tinged with blush. St R. L. 3 fidgidum Hook. A. c. fuigida Hort. — Corollas of an orange-red colour, with bright green leaves, which spread out beneath the corymbs of flowers, and form a rich back- ground to them. ffl R. u. 4 lepidum Bot. Reg. t. 1402., and our fig. 1130. — Raised at High Clere. ii.,o. «. c. i«pidnm. j« 22. R. cane'scens G. Don. (A. oane'scens Michx.) The canescent Azalea. Identijication. Don's Mill., 3. p. 848. Si/nonytms. Azilea canescens Mx. Fl. Bor. 1. p. 150., Ph. Sept. 1. p. 162. ; A. viscbsa pabescens Lod. Engraving. Lodd. Bot. Cab. 441. ; and onr^. 2097. in p. 1108. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves obovate-oblong, downy above, and tomentose be- neath, not bristly on the middle nerve. Flowers not clammy, nearly naked. Tube of corolla hardly shorter than the segments. Teeth of calyx very short, rounded, obtuse. Stamens hardly exserted. (Don's Mill.) A deci- duous shrub. Lower Carolina, on the banks of rivers. Height 3 ft. to 4 ft. Introduced in 1812. Flowers rose-coloured ; May and June. ^ 23. JJ. visco'sUM Torr. (A.visco'sii.) The clamray- flowered Azalea. Identification. Torr. Fl. Un. St., p. 140. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 847. Synonyme. Azalea viscftsa Lin. Sp. 214. Engraving. Onrfig. 1131. iSpec. Char., S^c. Leaves oblong-obovate, acute, smooth and green on both surfaces, ciliated on the margins, having the midrib bristly. Flowers produced in terminal clusters; and clammy, leafy, and hairy. Tube of corolla as long as the segments. Teeth of the calyx short, rounded. Stamens hardly longei than the corolla. (Don's Mill.) A deciduous shrub. •Jii 2 1131. fl. \>-a6sum. 596 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. Canada to Georgia, in swamps and shady woods. Height 2 ft. to 6 ft. Introduced in 1734, Flowers white, sweet- scented ; July and August. Varieties and Hybrids. 3fe R. «j. 2 ornatum Swt. Fl.-Gard. 2d s. t. 137. (and our ^iT, 1132.) — A hybrid raised from the seed of R. viscosuni p rubescens, fertilised by the pollen of itihododendron ponticum. It is evergreen or sub-evergreen, as are all the hybrids of similar parentage. 1132. r. t. omktum. The Varieties and Hybrids of A. viscosa, in Loddiges's Catalogue for 1836, are as follows : — . 2 £lba. 3 crispa. 4 dealbata. A. Varieties. 5 penicillSta. G pras'cox. 7 pub§scens. 8 varieg^ta. 9 vitt^ta. 10 fiolae odbre. B. HyhridcE altaclerenses. Hybrids raised at High Clere in 1 830 or before. 11 amce^na. 12 actinata. 13 Aurbris. H basilissa. \f\ calodi?ndron. 16 caloc5ryplie. 17 Cartbmrt. {fig. 1133.) 18 chariessa. 19 cocclnea nobilis. 20 eudaa^on. 21 etiprepes. 22 Govdnia. 23 Herbert?^Mrt. 24 imperStrix. 25 Inclyta. 267asminodbra. 27 lepida. 28 ochroleClca. 29 poikila. 30 pontica Howard. hexapla. 31 pulch^Ua. 32 reg^lis 33 riigens. 34 thyrsifltlra. 1135. A. V. Cartonia. C. Hyhridcs belgioB. Hybrids raised in Bel^um in 1829 or before. 35 Agate. 36 albo pleno. 37 amdbilis. 3S amarantina. 39 amoenissima. 40 ardens. 41 Eitro-rtibens. 42 auri'intia maxima. 43 blandina. 44 calendulScea globbsa. insignis. nftv.i. superba. 45 cardon. 46 cocclnea mixima specibsa. 47 conclDTi^. 48 corfihctins. 49 crbcea. globbsa. 50 cru^nta. 51 ciprea. alba. eximia. globdsa. rQbra. splendens. 52 decorata. 53 ddcus hortbrum. 54 duic^do. 55 electa. electa mSxima. rClbra. 56 elegantissima. 57 exquislta. 58 FerrockiY. 59 flamboyante. 60 fulgida. 61 miva. 62 glbria TTi-findi. maxima, minor. 63 Gulielmm primus. 64 h^brida coccifera. cocclnea. nivea. 65 incarnata maxima. rtibra. 66 Ifepida. 67 liltea rubicunda. 68 magnl6ca. 69 maritima incarnlta. 70 miniSta. 71 miribills. 72 mixta triumphans. 73 monica. 74 MprtdnV. 75 nh plus tiltra. 76 n6bilis. 77 noritas antill^scens. 78 noritiita. 79 optima. 80 oi'naca pallida. 81 picturita. 82 p6ntica glob&sa. Konink. tricolor var. 83 pr^estantlssima. 84 pulchella. 85 punfcea. 86 recqui. 87 regina belgica. 88 restantlssima. 89 rfgida incarnita. 90 rob6sta. 91 rilbra aur&ntia. fulva. 92 rubricSta. 93 sangulnea. 94 Sacurni. 95 sevdra. 96 specibsa. 97 speciosissima. 98 splendens. 99 splendida. 100 sulphilrea. 101 superba, 102 tricolor Jac6bi. Wolff. 103 tridmphans. 104 varieg^ta. 105 veniSsta. '1 06 venustJssima. 107 versicolor. J* 24. H. (v.) GLAu'cuai G.Don, f a. (v.) gi.au^ca PwwA.) The glaucous- leaved Azalea, Identiflcaimn. Don's Mill., 3. p. 848. Synonymes. AzMea glatica Pursh Sept. \. p. 154. ; Azalea viscBsa var. floribtinda Ait. Hort. Keto. 1. p. 319. Kngravmgs. Dend. Brit, t. 5. ; and o\xv Jig. 1134. XLIII. £RlCA'CEiE : BHODODE'nDUON. 597 1134. A. (n.)gla(icum. Spec. Char., (J-c. Branchlets hispid. Leaves oblanceolate, acute, glabrous on both surfaces, glaucous beneath, cili- ated on the margins, having the midrib bristly. Flowers very clammy, leafy. Tube of corolla twice longer than the segments. Calyx very short. Filaments about equal in length to the segmepts of the corolla. (Don^s Mill.) A deciduous shrub. New England to Virginia, in swamps in clayey soil. Height 2 ft. Introduced in 1734. Flowers white ; June and July. This shrub is dwarfer than any of the other North American species of Azalea ; and it produces its fragrant white flowers in great abundance. Nuttall considers it as only a variety of R. viscosum, differing in nothing but in the under surface of the leaves being glaucous; in which opinion we concur. s 25. K. (v.J Hi'sPlDUM Torr. (A. (v.) hi'spida Pursh.) The hispid Azalea. Identificalion. Torr. Fl. Un. St., p. 140. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 847. Synonymes. Azalea hispida Fursk Sept. 1. p. 154. ; Azalea viscbsa var. glalica Ait. Bort. Kew. 1. p. 319. ? Engravings. Dend. Brit., t 6. ; and our Jig. 113.5. Spec. Char., ^c. Branches straight, very hispid. Leaves long-lanceolate, hispid above, and smooth beneath, glaucous on both surfaces, ciliated on the margins, having the nei-ves bristly beneath. Stamens 5 — 10. Flowers very clammy, leafy. Tube of corolla wide, scarcely longer than the segments. Teeth of calyx oblong, ' rounded. Filaments exserted. (Don's Mill.) A deciduous shrub. New York and Pennsyl- vania, on the borders of lakes on the highest part of the Blue Mountains. Height 10 ft. to 15 ft. Intro- duced in 1734. Flowers white, rose-coloured before expansion ; July and August. Readily distinguished from the other hardy azaleas by its bluish appearance. J, 26. R. (v.) m'tidum Torr. (A. ni'tida Pursh.) The ^ossy-leaved Azalea. Identification. Torr., 1. c. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 847. Synonyme. AzMea oitida Pursh Fl. Amer. Sept. 1. p. 153. Engravings. Bot. Reg., t. 414. ; and our fig. 1 136. S^ec. Char., ^e. Branches smoothish. Leaves oblanceo- late, rather mucronate, coriaceous, smooth on both surfaces, shining above, having the nerve bristly beneath, with revolute ciliated margins, smaller than in any other species. Flowers clammy, leafy. Tube of corolla a little longer than the segments. Calyx very short. Filaments exserted. {Boris Mill.) A deciduous shrub. New York to Virginia, in deep mossy swamps on the mountains. Height 2 ft. to 4 ft. Introduced in 1812. Flowers white, tinged with red ; June and July. Capsule brown. The 1135. A. (V.) hispidum. 1136. B, (V.) nitidum. S 27. iJ. SPECIO^SUM 6?. Don. (a. specig'sa WlZW.) showy Azalea. Identification. Don's Mill., 3. p. 848. Synonymes. AzMea specibsa Willd. Enum. p. 10. ; A. coccmea ioda. Bot. Cab. t. 624. Engravings. Bot. Cab., t. 624. j Dend. Brit., t. 116. ; and our Hg. 1137. Spec. Char., Sfc. Branches hairy. Leaves lanceolate, ciliated, acute at both ends. Calyx pubescent. Corolla silkyi with obtuse, ciliated, lanceolate, undulated segments, 1137. h .peciiium. 4 3 598 ARBORETUM ET VRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. Stamens exserted. {Don's Mill.) A deciduous shrub. North America. Height 2 ft. to b ft. Introduced in 1812. Flowers scarlet ; June and July a» 28. iJ. arbore'scens Tbn-. (a.aebore'scensPmjsA.) The arborescent Azalea. Identification. Torr., 1. c. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 847. Si/nmtymes. Azalea arborescens Pursh Ft. Amer. Sept. I. p. 153. ; A- arb5rea Bart. Cat. Engravings. Our Jig. 1138. from a specimen in the herbarium of Professor DeCandolle. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves obovate, rather obtuse, smooth on both surfaces, glaucous beneath, cili- ated on the margins, having the midrib almost smooth. Flowers not clammy, leafy. Tube of corolla longer than the segments. Calyx leafy, with the segments oblong and acute. Filaments exserted. (Don's Mill.) A deciduous shrub or low tree. Pennsylvania. Height 10 ft. to 15 ft. Introduced in 1818. Flowers rose-coloured ; June and July. Pursh says it forms, with its elegant foliage, and large, abundant, rose-coloured flowers, the finest ornamental shrub he knows. The flowers are not so pubescent as those of the other species. The scales of the flower buds are large, yellowish brown, and surrounded with a fringed white border. 1138. R. arbor6sc»3is. § vii. 'Rhodwa D. Don. Identification. Don's Mill, 3. p. 848. Derivation. From rhodon, a rose ; in reference to the colour of the flowers. Sect. Char. Limb of calyx 5-toothed. Corolla bilabiate ; upper lip broadest, and 2 — 3-cleft; lower one biden- tate. Stamens 10. Capsule 5-celled, 5-valved. Leaves deciduous. {Don's Mill.) M 29.' iJ. iJHODO^RA G. Don. CiinoDo'EA cinade'nsis i.) The Canada Rhodora. Identification. Don's Mill., 3. p. 843. Synonyme. /Ihodbra canadensis Lin. Sp. 561. Engravings. Bot. Mag., t. 474. ; and ourj?^. 1139.^ Spec. Char., S;c. Leaves oval, quite entire, pubescent and glaucous beneath. Flowers in terminal clusters or racemose umbels, pale purple, and pi-otruded before the leaves. {Don's Mill.) An erect deciduous shrub. Canada, Newfoundland, and on the mountains of New York and Pennsylvania, in bogs. Height 2 ft. In- troduced in 1767. Flowers pale purple; April and May. Capsules brown ; ripe in August. Genus XXII. 1130. K. Rhotlira. ILAflMIA L, The Kalmia, Lin. SysL Decandria Monog/nia. Ident0cation. Lin. Gen., No. 543. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 850. SynonyTne. American Laurel. Derivation. Named by Linnaus in honour of Peter Kalm, prcfessor at Abo, in Sweden ; author of Travels in America in 1753. Gen. Char. (7%^ 5-parted. Coro//a: salver-shaped ; under side of limb pro- ducing 10 cornute protuberances, and as many cavities on the upper side, in XLIII. £RICA^CEiE : KA'LM/^. 599 which the anthers lie, or are concealed. Capsule 5-celled, many-seeded ; dis- sepiments marginal. (Don's Mil.') Leaves simple, alternate, or ternately verticillate, exstipulate, entire, ever- green ; buds naked. Flowers in terminal, racemose, compound corymbs, but in K. hirsuta solitary and axillary. Pedicels long, 1-flowered, tribracteate at the base ; external bractea originating from the rachis. Anthers opening by two oblique truncate pores. — Undershrubs, evergreen ; natives of North America; poisonous in all their parts, and often fatal to cattle. m 1. K. LATiFoYiA L. The broad-leaved Kalmia. . 1. p. 296. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 850. ush. Calico Flower, iept., 1. p. ' > Bush, Cal lUO. K. latif6Ua. Identification. Lin. Sp., 660. ; Puish Sept Synonymes. Mountain Laurel, Calico Amer. Engravings. Bot. Mag., t. 175. ; Schmidt Baum., c. 166. ; and o^xrfig. 1140. Sjiec. Char., 8[c. Leaves on long petioles, scattered or 3 in a whorl, oval, coriaceous, smooth, and green on both surfaces. Co- rymbs terminal, downy, and viscid. (Don's Mill.) An evergreen glabrous shrub. Ca- nada to Carolina, on the sides of stony hills. Height 3 ft. to 10 ft. Introduced in 1734.. Flowers white, tinted with pale pink, deli- , cately spotted ; June and July This shrub, in its native soil, continues flow- ering great part of the summer ; but it is only in particular places where it thrives. These are generally rocky, sterile, and near water. Leaves of this species are poisonous to cattle and sheep, but not to deer. a. 2. K. angustifo'lia L. The narrow-leaved Kalmia. IdentiftcaUm. Lin. Sp., 561. ; Pursh Sept., 1. p. 296. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 850. Sunonyme. Sheep Laurel, j^Tn^r. - ,,., Engrinings. Bot^Mag., L 331. ; Bot. Cab., t. 602. ; and aw fig- '141. Spec. Char., ^-c. Leaves petiolate, scattered or 3 in a whorl, oblong, obtuse, rather rusty beneath. Corymbs lateral. Bracteas linear. Peduncles and calyxes. clothed with glandular pubescence. (Don's Mill.) A low shrub. Canada to Carolina, in bogs, swamps, and sometimes in dry mountain lands. Height 1 ft. to 2 ft. Introduced in 1736. Flowers dark red ; May to July. Capsule brown ; ripe in September. Variety. n. jr. a. 2 ovata Pursh Fl. Amer. Sept. i. p. 296. — iiji. K. angustifau. j^ native of New Jersey, on the mountains, with broader leaves and a taller stem than the species. 3. K. GLAU'CA Ait. The glaucous-leaved Kalmia. Pursh Sept., 1. p. '296. ; Idenlijicatim. Ait. Hort. Kew., cd. 2. p. 64. Don's Mill., 3. p. 850. _ „ „ ,„ ,„„ * b Stinmyme. K. Bolifolia Wangh. Act. Soc. Berol.%. p. 129. t. 5. ingravings. Bot/Mag., t. 177. ; Bot. Cab., t. 1608. ; and our fig. 1142. Spec. Char., Sfc. Branchlets somewhat 2-edged. Leaves opposite, on short petioles, oblong, smooth, glaucous beneath, with revolute edges. Corymbs termmal, compound, bracteate. Pedicels and calyxes gla- brous. (Dor^s Mill.) A very handsome, upright, Email shrub. Canada, in bogs, and on the borders OQ 4 1142. K.gla&ut. 600 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM JiRITANNICUM. of the mountain lakes of New York and Pennsylvania, and of the Island of Sitcha. Height 1 ft. to 2 ft. Introduced in 1767. Flowers pale red ; April and May. Capsule brown ; ripe in September. Varieti/. n. K. g. 2 Tosmarinifolia Pursh Fl. Amer. Sept. i. p. 296. — Leaves linear, more revolute on the margins, and having the under surface green. The flower is comparable to a miniature parasol : the corolla to the cover- ing, the stamens to the rays that keep the covering distended, and the style to the handle. 4. K. CUNEA^TA Michx. The wedge-shaped-feawd Kalmia. Identification. Michx. Fl. Bor. Amcr., 1. p. 257. ; Pursh Sept., 1. p. 29G. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 850. Engravinns. .Our Jig. 1143. from a specimen in the Museum of the Jardin des Plantes. Sjiec. Char., Sfc, Leaves scattered, sessile, cuneate-oblong, glandularly pubescent beneath, minutely armed at the apex. Corymbs lateral, few-flowered. Branches twiggy, disposed in sessile, lateral, fastigiate clusters. (Don's Mill.) A small evergi-een shrub. Carolina, on moun- tains. Height 1 ft. to . 2 ft. Introduced in 1820. Flowers white, and red at the bottom ; May and June. Capsule brown ; ripe in September. 1143. K. cuneilta. tt. 5. K. HIRSU^TA Walt. The hairy Kalmia. Identification. Walt. Fl. Carol., 138. ; Pursh Sept., 1. p. 296. ; Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer., 1. p. 257. Synonyme, K. cili&ta Ba/rW. Itin. 18. Engravings. Bot. Mag., t. 138. ; and our fig, 1144. Spec. Char., Sfc. Branches, leaves, and calyxes very hairy. Leaves opposite and alternate, almost sessile, elliptic. Peduncles axillary, solitary, 1-flowered, longer than the leaves. (Don's Mill.) A beautiful little shrub. South Carolina and Georgia, in barren pine woods. Height 2 ft. to 3 ft. Introduced in 1786. Flowers large, red ; June to August. Capsule brown ; ripe in October. Somewhat difficult to cultivate in British gardens. 1144. K. hirs«. places, more especially in barren woods and heaths. Height 6 in. ; in shel- tered places, 1 ft. Flowers pale pink j May and June. Berries blood red ; ripe from August to October, The berries are scarcely to be eaten raw : but they are made into pies in Derbyshire ; and, in Sweden, a rob, or jelly, is made from them, which is eaten with all kinds of roast meat. In Sweden, this pre- serve is also considered an excellent medicine in colds, sore throats, and all irritations of the mouth or fauces. In Siberia, the berries are macerated, during the autumn and part of the winter, in water ; and afterwards they are eaten in a raw state, and fermented aloijg with barley or rye, and a spirit distilled from them; or with honey, and a wine pro- duced. Sweetmeats ai-e also made of them with honey or sugar, which, in 1814, we found in frequent I use in Moscow, at balls and masquerades. In Sweden and Norway, the plant is said to be used in gardens for edgings, as box is ia Central Europe; and, in British gardens, it is sometinies so npplied to Ameri- can beds and borders, and in other cases where the soil is peat. From its BTOOoth shining foliage, and the beauty of its flowers and fruit, the latter being retained on the plant for several months, it forms a more beautiful and varied edging than box, provided clipping can be dispensed with. a. 25. y. (r.) BuxiFO^LiUM Salisb. The Box- leaved Whortleberry. Idmtification. Salisb. Par., t. 4. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 866. Sunonyme. V. brachjcerum Michx. Ft. Bar, Amer. 1 . p. 234. Bngravings. Bot. Mag., t. 928. ; Bot. Cab., t. 648. ; and our figs. 1185. and J 136. Spec. Char., Sfc. Racemes axillary, of few flowers. Leaves petiolate, obo- vate, toothed or crenated, smooth on both surfaces. 'Stems tufted. Corollas roundish-ovate. Filaments glandular. Stigma capitate. Flowers white, delicately striped with red. (^Dow's Mill.) The leaves are, however, smooth, even, and not dotted on the under side. Corollas globular, contracted at the mouth, not bell-shaped. Stamens 10. Anthers spurless at the base, discharging their pollen by lateral, not by terminal, aper- tures. A hand- some little ever- green shrub, in , stature and gene- ral aspect resem- bling Face, ritis idEB^a. Western parts of Virginia, near Winchester and the Sweet Springs. Height 6 in. Introd. 1794. V. (r.)Ziuxif^liuU). 11S6. V. {V.) tniimium. Flowers white, delicately striped with red ; June. Berries red ; ripe in October. *~ 26. V. (? v.) JfYETiFo^LiUM Michx. The Myrtle- leaved Whortleberry. Identification. Michx. Ft Bor. Amer., 1. p. 229. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 866. Engraving. Our Jig. 1187. from a specimen in the Museum of the Jardin des Flantes. Spec. Char., Sfc. Creeping, quite smooth. Leaves petio- late, oval, .shining, revolute, sparingly and minutely toothed. Baceraes axillary, nearly sessile, of few flowers. Corolla bell-shaped, somewhat inflated, minutely 3- toothed. Anthers without dorsal horns. (Don's Mill.) iia? r. ir.imjriiiMium. R H 3 614 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. Michaux describes the berries as small, globose, crowned by the calyx, black, on short stalks. A low, creeping, evergreen shrub. Carolina. Height 6 in. Introduced in 1812. Flowers pink ; May to July. Berries black ; ripe in October. *~ 27. r. ni'tidum Andr. The glossy-leaved Whortleberry. Idr.nlification. Andr. Bot. Eep., t. 480. ; Pursh Fl. Amer. Sept., 1. p. 289. ; Don's Mill., 3, p. 856. Engravings. Curt. Bot. Mag., t. 1560. ; and our^^. 1188. Spec. Char., SfC, Racemes terminal, corymbose. Bracteas shorter than the pedicels. Leaves elliptic-obovate, acute, crenated, smooth, and shining. Corollas cylindrical. Stems either erect or diffuse. Leaves Jin. to 1 in. long, paler and veiny beneath. Pedicels, bracteas, and calyx, very smooth, of a shining red or purple colour. Calyx of 3 broad, but rather shallow, segments. Corollas ovate, oblong, white or pink, with 5 slightly spreading teeth, de- candrous. The branches are downy on two opposite sides. (Don's JMill.) A decumbent evergreen shrub. Carolina. Height 1 ft. Introduced in 1794. Flowers white or pink ; May and June. Berries?. I'ss. k. niuiium. U 28. K CRASSIFO^LIUM Jndr. The thick-leaved Whortleberry. Identification. Andr. Bot. Eep., t. 106. ; Pursh Fl. Amer. Sept., 1. p. 289. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 856. Engravings. Bot. Rep., t. 105. ; Curt. Bot; Mag., t. 1152. ; and our Jg. 1189. Spec. Char., S^c. Racemes lateral and terminal, corymbose. Bracteas shorter than the pedicels. Leaves elliptic, crenated, smooth, paler and veiny beneath. Corolla bell- shaped. Stem diffuse. A hairy shrub, requiring some shelter from our variable winters and springs. Leaves not an inch long, with a little minute pubescence on the midrib and petioles. Flowers 5-cleft, decandrous, prettily variegated with pink and white, drooping, on red corymbose stalks. Stamens hairy. (Don's Mill.) A trailing evergreen shrub. Carolina. Height 6 in. In- troduced in 1787. Flowers pink and white ; May and June. Berries ?. ii89. r. crassifiuum. B. 29. V. OVA^TUM Pursh. The o\a,ts-leaved Whortleberry. IderUification. Pursh Fl. Amer. Sept., 1, p. 290. ; Hook, et Arn. in Beech. Voy., Pt. Bot, p. 114. Don's Mill,, 3. p. 856. ; Lodd. Cat., ed. 1836. Engravings. Bot. Reg. 13.64.; our ^g. 1190. from a living speci- men, d.nijig, 1191. from Bot. Reg. 1190. r. ovktum. Spec. Char., Sfc. Racemes axillary and terminal, bracteate, short. Leaves on short petioles, oblong, ovate, acute, revolute, serrated, smooth, coriaceous. Corolla cylin- drical, campanulate. Calyxes acute. Shrub much branched. Branches hairy, as well as the petioles. (Don's Mill.) A beautiful ever- green shrub. Banks of the Co- lumbia River, and on the north- west coast of America. Height 2ft. to 3ft. Introduced in 1826. Flowers pink ; May. Berries black, size of a pea. 1191. r. ovatuni. tt 30. V. canade'nse Richards. The Canada Whortleberry. Identification. Richards in Franklin 1st Journ., Append. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 856. Engravings. Bot. Mag., t. 3446. ; and our.^. 1192. XLIII. ERICA CEIE : OXYCO'CCUS. 615 Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves lanceolate, acute at both ends, quite entire, downy. Racemes terminal. Flowers in racemes of from 4 to 6 in each. Style enclosed. Corolla short, and campanulate, white, tinged with red. Stem much branched. Leaves often 1 in. long. Berries blue black, agreeable to the taste. It may be readily known from V, corymbosum by its dwarf size, leafy flowering branches, and campanulate corolla ; from V. pennsylvanicum by its large quite entire leaves, and wider mouth to the corolla ; and from both by its leaves being very hairy. A low, branchy, evergreen shrub. Canada. Height 6 in. to 1 ft. Introduced in 1834. Flowers white, tinged with red ; May. Berries ?. 1132. v. canadinscT b. Flowers disposed in scaly Tufts, nearly sessile. B_ 31. Y. il/vRSiNi^TES Michx. The Myrsine-like Whortleberry. Identification. Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer., 1. p. 233. ; Pursh Sept., 1. p. 290. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 866. Engraving. Ouifig. 1193. from a specimen in Sir W. Hooker's herbarium. Spec. Char., Sfc. Flowers in terminal and lateral tufts. Leaves sessile, oval, mucronate, obscurely serrated, smooth and shining above, and rather hairy and dotted beneath. Stem erect, much branched. Corolla oblong-ovate, {port's Mill.) Shghtly downy branches. Leaves glandular be- neath. Tufts of flowers axillary, with purple scales. Calycine segments scarlet. Stamens 10. A beautiful Kttle evergreen shrub. Carolina and Florida, in dry sandy woods. Height 6 in. to 1 ft. Introduced ?. Flowers purple ; May and June. Berries ?. 1193. r. JtfyrsiiiUes. -Leaves lanceolate, acute Varieties, n- V. M. 2 lanceolatus Pursh Sept. 1 . p. 290.. at both ends, a- V. M. 3 obtusits Pursh 1. c. — Leaves roundish-obovate. t, 32. V. HUMiFu'suM Grah. The trailing Whortleberry. Identification. Graham in Edinb. Phil. Journ. June, 1831 ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 8S7. Engraving. Our fig. 1194. from a living specimen. Spec. Char., Sfc. Pedicels axillary, solitary, 1-flowered, furnished with many bracteas. Leaves evergreen, ovate, acutish, quite entire, glabrous on both surfaces, ciliated. Stem prostrate, creeping. Flowers decandrous. An- thers obtuse, mutic. Branchlets downy. Flowers drooping. Corollas campanulate, white, often partially tinged with red outside, with reflexed teeth. Stigma capitate. Filaments glabrous, flattened. {Don's Mill.) A creeping evergreen shrub. North America, on the Rocky Mountains. Height 3 in. to 6 in. Introduced in 1827. Flowers white, tinged with red; May. Berry ? purple, edible, well flavoured ; ripe in October. Of hardy species of Faccinium not yet introduced seven are described in our first edition. Genus XXVIII. 1194. r. hUEoifiuum. OXYCO'CCUS Pers. The Cranbeery. Lin. Syst. Octandria Monogynia. Identification. Pers. Syn., 1. p. 419. ; Pursh Sept., 1. p. 263. ; Don't Mill., 3. p. 857. R R 4 616 ARBOllETUM ET FRUTICETUM BKITANNICUM. SynonytJie. raccinium sp. of Lin. and others. X>erivation. From oxus, sharp, and kokkos, a berry ; in reference to the sharp add taste of the berries. Gen. Char. Calyx 4-toothed. Cornlla 4-partecl, with nearly linear revolute segments. Stamens 8, with connivent filaments. Anthers tubular, 2-parted. Berries manj'-seeded. (^Don's Mill.) Leaves simple, alternate, exstipulate, sub-evergreen ; small. Flowers pro- duced at the base of the spring branchlets, in short gemmaceous racemes ; pedicels filiform, conspicuously bibracteate. Berries red, rarely white, acid. — Shrubs, small, prostrate, creeping, growing in sphagnous morasses. Natives of Europe and North America. U 1- O. PALu'sTRis Pers. The Marsh, or common. Cranberry. Ideniijicatton. Pers. Ench., 1. p. 419. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 858. Synonymes. O. vulgaris Pursh Sept. 1. p. 263., O. europie^us Nutt. Gen. Amer. 1. p. 251. ; Tac- cfnium OxycAccQS Lin. Sp. 500. ; raccinium Oxyc6ccus var. a. ovalifblius Michx. Ft. Bor. Amer. 1. p. 228.; Facclnia palustris Ger. Emac. 1419.; Oxyeficcum Cord. Hist. 140- 2. f. 1.; Moss- berries, Moorberries, Fenberries, Marshworts, or whortleberries, Cornberries, Eng. ; Airelle canneberge, Fr. ; gemeine Moosebeere, Ger. Derivation. The name of Cranberry is supposed to be given from the peduncles of the flowers being crooked at the top, and, before the expansion of the flowers, resembling the head and neck of a crane (Smith and Withering) ; or because they are much eaten by cranes. Engravings. Fl. Dan,, t. 80. ; Eng. Bot., t. 319. ; and our.^. 1195. Spec. Char., Sfc. Stems filiform, trailing. Leaves small, ovate, entire, acute, smooth, with revolute margins. Pedicels terminal, 1-flowered, of a delicate pink or rose colour. Segments of corolla oval. Leaves convex, and dark shining green above, and glaucous beneath. Stems reddish. Pedicels iew together, about the tops of the branches, red, slightly hoary. Corolla pink, with reflexed oblong segments. Stamens with purple downy filaments, and yellow anthers. Berries pear-shaped, globular, often spotted, crimson, of a peculiar flavour, with a strong acidity, grateful. (Don's Mill.) A low, trailing, sub-evergreen shrub. Europe, Siberia, and North America, in turfy mossy bogs on the mountains. Height 3 in. to 6 in. Flowers pink ; May and June. Fruit crimson ; September, remaining on during the winter. The plant is readily increased by laying sandy soil on its shoots, at the distance of 5 or 6 inches from its main stem, when it will send down roots abundantly. When it is to be grown for its fruit, a bed of peat soil should be prepared in an open airy situ- ation, where it can be kept moist ; or the margin of a pond may be made choice of, and the plants planted there in peat soil, in a bed encircling the pond, 1 or 2 inches above the level of the water, and about 1 ft. distant from it. The cranberry may also be iiss. o. paimiris. grown in beds of dry sandy peat ; and it is alleged by some who have tried this method in British gardens, that the fruit produced, though smaller in quantity, is of a better flavour •.. 2. O. macrooa'rpus Pursh. The large-fruited, or American, Cranberry. Identification. Pursh Fl, Amer. Sept., 1, p. 263. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 8.58, Sjjnonymes. racclnium macrocarpum Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 1, vol, 2, p. 13, t. 7. ; Taccinium his- pidulum Wangh. Amer. t. 30, f. 67. ; Taccinlum OxycSccus b oblongitblius Michx. Fl. Bar. Amer. 1, p. 228. Engravings. Dend. Brit., t. 122. ; Bot, Mag,, t. 2586,; ourfe, 1196,, and our J&, 1197, from Bot, Mag, Spec. Char., ^c. Stems filiform, trailing. Leaves elliptic-oblong, nearly flat, and obtuse, distantly sub-serrulated on the margins, glaucous beneath, downy at the points when young. Segments of the corolla linear-lanceolate. Flower-bearing branches erect, proliferous. Pedicels lateral. Points of young leaves, peduncles, and the margins of the calyx and bracteas, downy. Berries spherical, red, often remaining throughout the winter. {Don's Mill.) XLIV. ^TYRA CE^. 617 A trailing shrub, resembling the preceding speciesj but larger and more robust. Canada to Virginia, in bogs, principally on a sandy soil ; and also fre- quently found on high mountains. Height 6 in. Introduced in 1760. Flowers pink ; May to July. Berries spheri- cal, red or purple ; ripe in October, and remaining on through- out the winter. 1196. 0. macruc^pus. 1197. O. macroc&rpus. Vanety. t, O. TO. 2 folm va- ' riegdlis Hort., raccinium ma- crocarpum fol. var. Lodd. Cat., has variegated leaves, and is a very ornamental plant for keeping in pots, or on moist rockwork. The fruit is used like that of the common cranberry ; and like that species the plant may be propagated by cuttings taken from the points of the growing shoots, and planted in sand under a hand-glass ; or by layers, or division. This species is more frequently cultivated in British gardens for its fruit than the European cranberry ; according to some, because the fruit is larger, and according to others, because the fruit is not only larger, but better flavoured. n. j» 3. O. ere'ctus Pursh. The erect Cranberry. Idcntificaticm. Pursh Fl. Amer. Sept., 1. p. 264. ; Don's Mill., 3. p. 8S8. Synonyme. facclnium erythrocarpum Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer. 1. p. 227. Engravings. Dend. Erit., t. 13. : and onr^^. 1198. Spec. Char., Sj-c. Leaves oval, acuminated, serrulated, and ciliated. Pedicels axillary. Corolla, before expan- sion, long and conical, at length revolute. Stem erect. Branches flexuous. Leaves membranous, somewhat hairy. Flowers red. Berries scarlet (Watson says black}, quite transparent, and of an exquisite taste. Very different in habit from the other species. {Don's Mill.) An erect sub-evergreen shrub. Virginia and Carolina, on lofty mountains. Height 2 ft. Introduced in 1806. Flowers red ; May and June. Berries scarlet or purple; ripe in October. ngs. o.eKxm>. Order XLIV, STYRA^CE^. Ord. CuaB. Calyx 5-toothed. Corolla funnel-shaped, usually 5 — 6-cleft ; a;st. vation valvate. Stamens 10, monadelphous at the base, adnate to the corolla. Ovarium superior, 3-celled. Stigma 2-lobed. Drupe nearly dry, containing a 1-celled 1 — 3-seeded nut. Albumen fleshy. The superior ovarium, and more deeply divided corolla, separate this from HalesMcscB. (G. Don.) Leaves simple, alternate, exstipulate, deciduous ; usually toothed, turning yellow when dry. Flowers axillary, either solitary or clustered, with scale- like bracts, white or cream-coloured. — Trees or shrubs, usually clothed with stellate tomentum ; natives of Asia and North America. 613 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. Genus I. 5TY~RAX L. The Stoeax. Lin. Syst. Decandria Monogfnia. t. 369. ; Jusa. Gen., 166.; ;. ; Don's Mill., 4. p. 4. Gffirtn. Fruct., 1. p. 284. Identification. Lin. Gen., No. 595. ; Tourn., t. 69. ; Lindl. Nat. Syst. Bot., 2d edit., p. 2; Synonymes. Aiibocifier, Fr. ; Storax, Ger. Derivation. The word sturax. applied to this plant by Theophrastus and Dioscorides, is a mere alteration of assthirak, the Arabic name of 5. oflScinSle. Gen. Char., S[c. Calyx permanent, campanulate, 5-toothed. Corolla monope- talous, funnel-shaped, deeply 3 — 7-cleft, but usually 5- or 6-cleft, valvate in aestivation. Stamens 10, exserted ; filaments monadelphous at the base, adnate to the tube of the corolla. Anthers linear, 2-celled, dehiscing length- wise inwardly. Ovarium superior, 3-celled, many-ovuled, erect. Stt/le ] . Stigma obsoletely 3-lobed. Drupe nearly dry, containing a 1-celled, 1 — 3- seeded nut. Testa of seed double ; inner cobwebbed, outer spongy. (Don's Mill.) Leaves simple, alternate, exstipulate, deciduous ; entire or serrated. Flowers racemose, bracteate, white or cream-coloured. — Low trees or shrubs ; natives of Asia or North America. They require a soil rather light than otherwise, on account of their hair-like roots ; and to be placed against a wall, in the climate of London, when it is intended that they should flower freely. In af&nity, as well as in general ap- pearance, this genus approaches near to that of Halesia ; and there is such a close general resemblance among all the allied species of Styrax, that they may possibly be only varieties of one form. Seeds or layers. 2 as 1. 5'. OFFiciNA^LE L. The officinal Storax. Identification. Lin. _Sp., 635. ; N. Du Ham., 7. p. 7. ; Don's Mill., 4. p. 4. Synonymes. Lagomelia, Modern Greek ; Sturax kalamites. Ancient Greek Engravings. Bot. Kep., 631. ; Bot. Cab., 928. ; and am fig. 1199. Spec. Char., S;c. Leaves ovate, clothed with hoary hairs beneath, shining and gieen above. Racemes simple and axillary, 5 — 6-flowered, shorter than the leaves. Leaves about 2 in. long. Flow- ers white. Drupe ovate globose. (Don's Mill.) A de- ciduous shrub or low tree. Syria and the Levant. Height 12 ft. to 15 ft. against a wall; as bushes, in the climate of London, seldom half so high. Introduced in 1597. Flowers white, resembling those of the oi-ane, but smaller ; June and July. Drupe ovate, greenish ; ripe in October. It well merits a place against a wall, on account of the beauty of its pure white flowers, and the great profusion in which they are produced. A light sandy soil, rich rather than poor, suits this species best ; and it is gene- rally propagated by seeds obtained from the South of France. It will also grow by layers, and by cuttings. Its rate of growth, for the first ten years, is not above 8 or 9 inches a year. ,„,, ^^„^.__^,^ 1 Si 2. S. (o.) grandifo'lium Ait. The large-leaved Storax. Identification. Ait. Hort. Kew., 2. p. 75. ; Pursh Sept.. 2. p. 450. ; Don's Mill. 4 p 4 Sj/nonymes. S. olficinJlle Wall. Ft. Carol. 140. ; S. grandiflOrum Miclix. Fl. Bar Anier hngrnvings. Bot. Cab., t. 1016. j Dend. Brit., t. 129. j and our^. 1200. 2. p. 41. Spec. Char., ^c. Leaves broad, obovate, acuminated, green above, but clothed with hoary tomentum beneath. Lower peduncles soUtary, 1-flowered. Flowers white. (Don's Mill.) A deciduous shrub or low tree ; growing in XHV. 5TYRA CEiE : STY'RAX. 619 woods, on the banks of rivers, from Virginia to Georgia. Height 8 ft. to 10 ft. Intro- duced in 1765. Flowers white ; June to August. Halesia diptera, the leaves of which closely resemble those of Styrax grandifolium, but differ from it in not being downy beneath, is frequently sold for it in the nurseries. 3. S. (o.) ljeviga'tum Ait. leaved Storax. The smooth- Idenllficatim. Ait. Hort. Kew., 2. p. 72. ; Willd. Sp. P)., 2. p. 624. ; Don's Mill., 4. p. 4. Synony>nes. S. octSndrum L'HMt. Siirp. Nov. 2. 1. 17. ; S. giabrum Cav. Diss. 6. p. 340. t. 188. f. 1. ; S. ta"Te Wall. Fl. Carol. 140. ; S. americinum Lam. Bid. 1. p. 82. Engravings. Bot. Cab., t 960. ; Dend. Brit., t 40. ; our J^, 1201., and Jig. 1202. from a plant in Messrs. Lod- diges's collection. 1200. S. (o-lsrandifolium. Spec. Char., S^c. Leaves oval-lanceolate, acute at both ends, glabrous on both surfaces, toothed. Peduncles axillary, or twin, 1-flowered. Stamens from 6 to 10. (Don's Mill.) A deciduous shrub, bearing a close resem- blance to S. officinale, but smaller in all its parts. South Carolina and Virginia, in swamps. Height 3 ft. to 4 ft. Introduced in 1765. Flowers white ; July and August. In fine seasons, the flowers are succeeded by fruit about the size of a red currant, or of the fruit of the nettle tree. laol. S. (o.) liETigitum. 1202. S. (o.) IffiTlgittuin. a 4. S. (o.) pulverule'ntum Michx. The powdery Storax. Idenllficatian. Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer., 1. p. 41. ; Don's Mill., 4. p. 4. Syntmyme. S. Isevigitum Bot. Mag. t. 921. iitgravings. Bot. Mag., t. 921. ; Dend. Brit., i. 41. ; and oxafig. 1203. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves almost sessile, ovate or obovate, obtuse, clothed with powdery tomentum beneath. Flowers axillary,- and nearly terminal by threes, on short pedicels. (Don's Mill.) A deciduous shrub, bearing a close resem- blance to S. grandifolium. Virginia and Carolina, in woods. Height 4 ft. to 6 ft. Introduced in 1794. Flowers white ; June to August. 1203. S. (o.) pulverul^tum. Order XLV. UALESIJ'CE^. Obd. Chab. Ca/^.r 4-toothed. Coro//a campanulate, 4-lobed. Stamens 15 — 16 ■ monadelphous at the base, and adnate to the corolla. Ovarium inferior. St^le and Stigma simple. Drupe dry, with 2—4 winged angles, contain- 620 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. ing a 2 — l-celled nut. Cells 1-seeded. Albumen fleshy. — The inferior ovarium is sufficient to distinguish this from all nearly allied orders. ((?. Don.) Leaves simple, alternate, exstipulate, deciduous ; serrated or nearly entire. Flowers in fascicles, pedicellate, drooping, whitB. — Trees or large shrubs, deciduous ; natives of North America. Genus I. HALE'SZ/l Ellis. The Halbsia, or Snowdrop Tree. Lm. Syst. Dodecandria Monogynia. Identification. Ellis in I.in. Gen., No. 696. ; Don's Mill., i. p. 6. Synonyms. Halesie, Fr. and Ger. Derivation. Named by Ellis in honour of the learned and venerable Stephen Hales, D.D. F.R.S., author of Vegetable Statistics. Gen. Char., Sf-c. Corolla monopetalous, ventrioosely campanulate, with a 4-lobed erect border. Stamem 12 to 16 ; filaments combined into a tube at the base, and adnate to the corolla. Anthers oblong, erect, 2-celled, de- hiscing lengthwise. Ovarium inferior. Style 1. Sligma simple. Drupe dry, corticate, oblong, with 2 — 4 winged angles, terminated by the perma- nent style ; containing a 2^-4-celled putamen, which is acute at both ends. Cells 1-seeded. Seeds attached to the bottom of the cells. Leaves, Sfc., as in the Order. Flowers in lateral fascicles, pedicellate, drooping, white. — ■ Trees, deciduous ; natives of North America ; very hardy in England ; thriving best in peat soil kept moist, and ripening seeds, from v/hich, or from layers, they are readily propagated. t 1. H. tktra'ptera L. The iour-vimgedi-fruited Halesia, or common Snowdrop Tree. Identification. Lin. Sp., 636. ; Ellis in Phil. Trans., vol. 51. p. 931 . t. 22. f. A. ; Don's Mill., 4. p. 6. Synavymcs. The Snowdrop Tree, Silver Bell Tree, Amer. Eiigravings. Bot. Mag., t. 9L0. ; Bot. Cab., t. 1173. ; the plate in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. vi. : and oaxfigs. 1-204, 1205. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, sharply serrated. Pe- tioles glandular. Fruit with 4 wings. Leaves acuminated, with the middle depressed. Flowers pure white, 9 — 10 in a fascicle, drooping, resembling those of the snowdrop. The wood is hard and veined ; the bark is of a darkish colour, with many irregular fissures. (Don's Mill.') A low deciduous tree. South Carolina, along the banks of rivers. Height 15 ft. to 30 ft. Introduced in 1756. Flowers white ; April and May. Fruit brown ; ripe in October, and remaining on great part of the winter. Its flowers, which resemble those of the snowdrop, are produced in great abundance. The tree is one of the hardiest, and, at the same time, one of the most ornamental of the American deciduous trees. The rate of growth, for the first five or six years, is 12 or 18 inches, or more, a year ; and in ten years it will attain the height of 12 or 15 feet, if properly treated ; but, as it is generally kept too dry, it is seldom seen at above half this height at that age. It ripens seeds freely in this country ; from which, or from imported seeds, it is readily increased. The seeds often remain above a year in the ground. VZOi. H. tcti4|)tera. XLV. HALES/^ CEM : HALE SIA. 6-21 1205. H. tetT4pteTa. S 2. H. (t.) parviflo^ra Michx. The small-flowered Halesia, or Snowdrop Tree. Identification. Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer., 2. p. 40. ; Piirsh Sept., ». p. 450. ; Don's Mill., 4. p. 6. Engravings. Bot. Reg., t. 952. ; and our fig. 1206. Spec. Char., Sj-c. Leaves ovate, oblong, acute, nearly entire. Flowers octandrous. Fruit clavate, slightly winged. Leaves downy, glaucous be- neath. Racemes panicled. Flowers white, drooping. Calycine teeth ovate. {Don's Mill.) A low deciduous tree. Florida. Height 10 ft. Introduced in 1802. Flowers white ; May. Hor- ticultural Society's Garden. Obviously a seminal variety of the preceding species. isoe. h. (t) panaito. S 3. H. Di'pTERA L. The two-winged^wiiefZ Halesia, or Snowdrop Tree. Identification. Lin. Sp. PI., 636. ; Don's Mill., 4. p. V. Engravings. Bot. Cab., 1. 1172. ; and o\afig. 1207. Spec. Char., 4rc. Leaves ovate, acute, serrated. Petioles smooth and even. Pedicels elongated. Fruit with 2 large opposite wings, and 2 obsolete ones. Flowers octandrous. Leaves much larger than those of either of the preceding species. (Son's Mill.) A low deciduous tree. Georgia and Carolina, in shady places, on banks of rivers. Height 10 ft. Introduced in 1738. Flowers white ; April and May. The leaves of this species are broad, resembling those •«"• «-iMp!<»»- 622 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. of 5tyrax grandifolium, with which, as it does not frequently flower in a young state, it is generally confounded in nurseries. Order XLVI. SAPOTA^CEjE. OsD. Char. Calyx regular, persistent. Corolla of as many lobes as there are divisions in the calyx, rarely double or triple that number, deciduous. Stamens epipetalous, distinct, definite ; fertile ones equal in number to the segments of the calyx, alternating with the segments of the corolla ; sterile ones, when present, alternating with the fertile ones. Ovarium many-celled. Cells 1-seeded. Berry many-celled, or only I-celled by abortion. Seeds nucamentaceous. Testa bony, scraped in front. Albuvien fleshy. {G. Don.) Leaves simple, alternate, exstipulate, deciduous or evergreen ; quite entire, coriaceous. Flowers axillary. — Shrubs or low trees ; natives of Africa and America. The genera are two, and in British gardens they require a wall. Arga'nia. Calyx 10-parted. Corolla S-cleft. Drupe containing a 2 — .?- celled nut. SuME^LiA. Calyx and Corolla S-parted. Stamens 10. Berry 1-seeded Genus I. Lin. Syst. Pentandria ARGA''NIA Roem. et Schultes. The Argania. Monog/nia. Identification. Eoem. et Schultes Syst., 46. : Dou's MUl., 4. p. 27. Synonyvies. Siderfixylon spinbsum Lin. ; 1 Argan, Fr. ; Eisenholz, Ger, Derivation. From argan, the aboriginal name of the tree- Gen. Char., SiC Calyx 5 — 10-cleft: the leaflets, or rather scafe, roundish, concave, disposed in a double sei-ies. Corolla cup-shaped, 5-parted, with ovate-lanceolate subemarginate segments ; having 5 petal-like linear-subulate segments adhering to the base of the corolla, and alternating with its segments. Stamens 5, filiform, length of corolla, and adnate to its base. Anthers incumbent, ovate, keeled on the back. Ovarium conical, hairy. Style glabrous, length of stamens. Stigma simple. Drupe ovate, terminated by the style, 2 — 3-celled. Cells 1 -seeded. Seeds hard, smooth, having a longitudinal furrow inside. (Don's Mill.) Leaves simple, alternate, exstipulate, sub-ever- green ; entire. Flowers lateral, axillary, scattered or crowded, sessile. Corolla greenish yellow. Fruit dotted with white, size of a plum, full of white milky juice. — Tree or large shrub, sub- evergreen ; native of Morocco, and somewhat tender in British gardens. f * I. A. SiDERO'XYLON Rcem. et Schidtes. The Iron-wood Argania. Identrjicatian. Kcem. et Schultes Syst., 4. p. 502. ; Don's Mill., 4. p 28. Syncmymes. Sider6xylon spinfisum Lin. Sp. p. 279. ; ElaBod^n- dron A'rgan Retz. Obs. 6. p. 26. ; iyi6mnus pentaphjllus Jacq. et Soccone, Schoush. Mar. p. 89. ; /ihSmnus siculus Lin. Syst. 3. p. 22V. Engravings. Comm. Hort, t. 83. ; and our Jig. 1208. Spec. Char., S;c. An evergreen tree of middle size, with a bushy head. Branches terminated by strong spines. Leaves lanceolate, entire, bluntish. 120B. A. Sldennylon. XLvi. sapota'ce^ : bumeYia. 623 glabrous, paler beneath; the lower ones in fascicles. Flowers lateral, and axillary, scattered or crowded, sessile. Corolla greenish yellow. Fruit dotted with white, size of a plum, full of white milky juice. (Don's Mill.) A low sub-evergreen tree. Morocco, in woods. Height 15 ft. to 20 ft. against a wall ; not half that height as a bush. Introduced in 1711. Flowers greenish yellow. It will stand our winters as a standard, but thrives best when planted against a wall. Horticultural Society's Garden. Genus II. ^UME^LIA Swartz. The Bumelia. Lin. Syst. PentSndria Monogynit . Identification. Swartz Prod., p. 49. ; FI. Ind. Occ, I. p. 493. ; Don's Mill., 4. p. 29. Synontpnes. ^'chras sp. Lin., Poir. ; Sider6xylon sp. Lam. and others ; Chrysoph^Uum sp. Auhl. and others; Hochstainia, Ger. Derivation. From boumelia, the Greek name for the common ash. Geii. Char., ^c. Calyx 5-parted. Corolla with a short tube, and a S-parted limb, furnished with 2 scales at the base of each segment. Stamens 5, in- serted in the tube of the corolla, and opposite its segments, having as many membranous scales, or sterile filaments, alternating with them. Ova- rium 5-celled. Cells 1-ovuled. Stigma simple. Drupe ovate, 1-seeded. Seed albuminous. (Don's MillJ) Leaves simple, alternate, exstipulate, sub-evergreen ; scattered, entire. Flowers in axillary and lateral peduncles, usually 1-flowered, crowded in fascicles, whitish. — Trees, in British gardens shrubs j natives of South America. Common soil ; and cuttings Of the young wood in sand, under a hand-glass. ^« 1. .B. ivcioi^DES Gmrtn. The Box-thorn-like Bumelia. Mentification. Gjertn. fil. Carp., 3. p. 127. t. 120. ; Don's Mill., 4. p. 30. Synanymes. SiderAxylon 'ycifildes Dm Hatn. Arh. 2. p. 26C. t. 68. ; S. lae Ve Wali. PI. Carol, p. 100. ; Lyciiildes sp. Lm. Hort. Cliff". P- 488. Engravings. Du Ham., 2. p. 260. t. 68. ; and our fig. 1209., and fig. 1210. of natural size. Spec. Char., Sfc. 1209. B. /vciskles. Spiny. Leaves broad-lanceolate, blunt- ish, tapering to the base, glabrous. Flowers in axillary fascicles. Spines subulate. Leaves 2 in. long, decidu- ous, a little silky while young. Flowers greenish white. Segments of coroUa ? trifid : perhaps from the two scales inside each segment. {Don's Mill.) A sub-evergreen shrub. Carolina, in shady woods. Height 8 ft. to 10 feet. Introduced in 1758. Flowers greenish white. Scarcely injured by the winter of 1837-8, in the Hort. Soc. Gard. ; and from this, and also from the beauty of its foliage and flowers, deserving to be much more generally introduced. liilO. B. lyciiHiiea. j» 2. B. recLina'ta Vent. The reclinate-branched Bumelia. Idmlificaiion. Vent. Choix, t. 22. ; Pursh Sept., 1. p. 166. ; Don's Mill., i. p. 30- iynomjme. Siderdxylon reclinatum Michi. Fl. Bar. Amer. 1. p. 122. 624 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. 1211. B. reclinita. Engravings. Vent. Cholx., t 22. ; and ourj^. 1211. Spec. Char., ^c. Spiny, bushy, diffusely reclinate. Leaves small, oboyate, quite smooth. Flowers in axillary fascicles. Young branches terminated by a long spine. Leaves alternate, or in fascicles. Corolla and scales serrated. Sterile filaments subulate, entire. Drupe ovate. (^Don's Mill.) A small straggling shrub. Georgia, on the banks of rivers. Height 3 ft. to 4 ft. Introduced in 1806. Flowers small, white ; January. a S 3. if. TE^NAX IVilld. The tough-branched Bumelia. Identification. Willd. Sp., 1. 1085. ; Enum., p. 248. ; Don's Mill., i. p. 30. Syrumymes. B. chrysophylldides Pursh FL Amer. Sept. 1. p. 155. ; Sider6xylon tSnax Lin. Mant. p. 48. ; S. sericeum Walt. Fl. Car. p. iOO. ; S. chrysophylloides Michx. Fl. Bor. Ama: 1. p. 123. ; Chrysophjllum carolinense Jacq. Obs. 3. p. 3.t. 64. ; C. glabrum Jiiss. Engravings. Jacq. Obs., 3. t. 54. ; and our^g. 1212. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves obovate-lanceolate, of a rusty silvery colour beneath, silky. Flowers in axillary fascicles. Branches very tough. Bark ■white. Leaves deciduous. Calycine and coroUine segments ovate obtuse. Segments of nectary trifid. Stamens the length of corolla. Drupe oval. (Don's Mill.) A low tree, in England a shrub. Carolina, in dry situations. Height 20 ft. Introduced in 1765. Flowers small, white, pro- duced freely ; July and August. Killed to the ground, by the vrinter of 1837-8, in the Hort. Soc. Garden. 1212. B. tfenax. S 4. B. LANHGiNo'sA Pursh. Bumelia. The wo6l\y-leaved Identification. Pursh Fl. Amer. Sept., 1. p. 165. ; Don's Mill., 4. p. 30. Synanymes. Siderfixylon lanuginbsum Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer. 1. p. 123. ; S. tinax Walt. Fl. Car. p. 100. Engraving. Our fig. 1213., from .> specimen in Dr. Lindley's herba- rium. Spec. Char., Sfc. Rather spinose. Branchlets spreading, downy. Leaves oval-lanceolate, glabrous above, and woolly beneath, but not silky. Flowers in axillary fasci- cles ; very nearly allied to B. tenax, but differs in the leaves being woolly beneath, not silky, often obtuse. (Don's Mill.) A small tree. Carolina and Georgia, in humid situations among bushes. Height 10 ft. to ]5ft. Introduced in 1806. Flowers greenish yellow. It 5. B. OBLONGiFoYiA Nutt. The oblong-leaved Bumelia. Identification. Nutt. Gen. Amer., I. p. 135. ; Don's Mill., 4. p. 30. Engraving. Our ^. 2096. in p. 1108. Spec. Char., S/C. Spiny. Leaves smooth, oblong, obtuse, deciduous. Flowers conglomerate, nearly sessile, very numerous. Scales, or sterile filaments, trifid. Tree with numerous twisted branches. Calycine segments ovate, concave. Drupe purple. Wood fetid. (Don's Mill.) A low tree. North America, on the Mississippi, near the lead mines of St. Louis. Height 18 ft. to 20 ft. Introduced in 1818. Flowers greenish yellow, produced in abundance ; July and August. 1213. B. lanuginbsa. Order XLVII. £BENA^CE/E. Obd. Char. Calyx 3- or 6-parted, persistent. Corolla deciduous, 3- or 6- parted ; stivation imbricate. Stamens definite, epipetalous, 6 or 12, ov XLVII. £BENA CEiE : DIOSPY ROS. 625 more. Ovarium many- celled ; cells 1 — 2-seeded. Sij/le usually divided Stigmas bifid or trifid. Berry few-seeded by abortion. Albumen cartila- ginous. The double stamens, pendulous ovule, and unisexual flowers, distinguish this order. (G. Don.) Leaves simple, alternate, exstipulate, deciduous ; quite entire, coriaceous. Flowers axillary, peduncles solitary. Genus I. Z)10SPY'ROS L. The Date Plum. Lin. Syst. Polygamia Dioe~cia. Tdentificaiion. Lin. Gen., No. 1161. ; Don's Mill., 4. p. 38. yynonymes. £'benus Comm. ; Guaiac&na Tourn. 371. ; Plaqueminier, Fr. ; DattelpSaume, Ger. Derivation. Diospuros {dios. divine, and puros. wheat,) was a name eiven bj' the ancients to the common gromwell (Lithospennum ofBcmtle). Its application to the date plum probably arose from confounding the Greek puros. wheat, with the Latin pyrus. a pear tree, to the fruit of which the date plum may have been thought to bear some resemblance. Gen. Char., Sfv. Flowers polygamous. Calyx deeply 4!-cleft, sometimes 3- or 6-cleft. Corolla' urceolate, 4-cleft ; sometimes 3- or 6-cleft. Male flowers having the stamens inserted by pairs into the base of the corolla, twice the number of its segments, with double or twin filaments, and the rudiment of a pistil. Hermaphrodite flowers having fewer and sterile stamens. Ova- rium 8 — 12-celied ; cells 1 -seeded. Berry globose, with a spreading calyx which is at length reflexed. (Don's Mill.) Leaves, as in the Order. Flowers white, or pale yellow. — Trees or shrubs ; natives of the South of Europe or North America. Seeds j and the American kinds in peat;' soil kept moist. It I. D. io^Tus L. the- European Lotus, or common Date Plum. Jdenlificatian. Lin. Sp., 1510. ; Willd. Sp., 4. p. 407. ; Don's Mill., 4. 5. 38. Syiumymes. Pseudolbtus Matth. ; Guaiacitna patavlna Tourn. ; Italian Lignum Vits, Wood of Life, Pockwood, Bastard Menynwood, Gerard ; Date of Trebisonde ; Plaqueminier faux Lotier Ft. ; Italianische Dattelpflaurae, Ger. 1214. D. Z.t.tus. Engravi7i/;s. Pall. Fl. Koss., 1. p. 20. t. .58.; Wangh. Amer., »i. t. 28 f. iint., 1st edit., vol. vi. ; xnd-our Jig. 1214. S S the plates m Arb, 626 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM, Spec. Char., Spc. Leaves oblong, acuminate, downy beneath ; leaf buds hairy inside. Flowers small, reddish white. Fruit size of a cherry, yellow when ripe, sweet with astringency: it is recommended as a cure for diarrhoea. (Don's Mill.) A low trqe. Caucasus, the woods of Hyrcania, and the whole coast of the Caspian Sea, and Mauritania. Height 20 ft. to 30 ft., and sometimes much higher. Introduced in 1596. Flowers reddish, or yellowish white ; July. Fruit yellow ; ripe in October. The leaves are of a beautiful dark glossy green above, and, when mature, and exposed to the air, assume a purplish hue beneath : they do not change colour in autumn, but drop off simultaneously with the first attack of sharp frost. Ripening its fruit fregly in the South of France and Italy, seeds have been readily procured ; and the plant has never been rare in British collec- tions ; but, as it is somewhat tender, there are few la ge specimens of it. It grows at the rate of 12 or 18 inches a year, for the first ten years, especially if the soil in which it is planted is free and loamy, and rich rather than poor. S 2. D. viBGiNiA^NA L. The Virginian Date Plum, or Persimon. Identification. Lin. Sp., ISIO. j Don's Mill., 4. p. 39. Synonyme. GuaiacAnn Catcsb. Car. 2. t. 76. Bneramngs. Dendr. Brit., t. U6. ; the plates in Arb. Brit., Ist edit. ; and our.^. 1215. I rl /f ll 1215. i>. virgini^a. Spec, Char., ^c. Leaves ovate-oblong, acuminated, glabrous, shining above. XLVIII. OLEACEjE. 627 and paler beneath, reticuktely veined. Petioles short and curved, and, aa well as the branchlets, downy. Leaf buds glabrous. Flowers quadrifid, rarely quinquefid. Flowers pale yellow. {Don's Mill.) A low tree. United States. Height 20 ft. to 30 ft. in the neighbourhood of London, but much higher in the United States. Introd. in 1629. Flowers pale \ellow ; JuU. Fruit yellow ; ripe about the time the tree drops its leaves in November. The persimon is readily distinguished from the European date plum, by its leaves being nearly of the same shade of green on both surfaces ; while those of the latter are of a dark purplish green above, and much paler, and furnished with somewhat of a pinkish down, beneath. The leaves of the per- simon vary from 4 in. to 6 in. in length ; and, when they drop off' in the autumn, they are often variegated with black spots. It is rather more tender than the preceding species j and, to thrive, requires a peaty or soft soil, kept somewhat moist. t 3. D. (v.) pube'scens Pursh. The Ao^ny -leaved Virginian Date Plum. Identificutiim. Pursb Fl. Amer. Sept, 1. p. 265. ; Don's Mill., 4. p. 38. Synonyme. D. virginikna var. Michx. Arb, For. EngraviTtg. Our Jig. 1216., from a specimen in Dr. Lindlev's herbarium. Spec. Char., ^c. Leaves oblong, acute, downy beneath. Petioles long. Fruit few-seeded. (Don's Mill.) A low tree. Virginia, Carolina, and Georgia. Height 20 ft. to 30 ft. Introduced in 1812. Flowers pale yellow ; July. Horticultural Society's Grarden. Other Kinds of hardy Diosp^ros. — There are several names in the catalogues of American nurserymen, and in 1836 there were plants corresponding to these names in the Hort. Soc. Garden. These we have examined, and we are perfectly satisfied that they are only slight variations of D. virginiana, and, in short, that this is the only North American species. D. lucida, D. intermedia, D. dfgyna, and D. stricta are included in the above remarks. 1216. D. (y.) pub&cens. Order XLVIII. OLEA'CEZE. Ord. Char. Flowers hermaphrodite, sometimes dioecious. Cah/.r divided, permanent. Corolla 4-cleft ; sometimes 4-petaled. Petals connected by pairs, rather valvate in aestivation ; sometimes wanting. Stamens 2, alter- nating with the segments or petals. Anthers 2-celled ; cells dehiscing length- wise. Ovarium simple, guarded by no glandular disk, 2-celled ; cells 2-seeded. Ovules pendulous, collateral. Style simple or wanting. Stigma bifid or undivided. Fruit drupaceous, baccate or capsular, often 1-seeded by abor- tion. Seeds with dense copious albumen. Embryo middle-sized, longitudi- nal, straight. Cotyledons foliaceous, half free. Radicle superior. Plumule inconspicuous. — Trees and shrubs, natives of both hemispheres, and for the most part deciduous. (Don's Mill.) Leaves simple or compound, opposite, exstipulate, deciduous or evergreen ; entire or serrated. Flowers racemose or paniclcd, terminal or axillary, with opposite unibracteate pedicels. The Syringa supplies some of our most beautiful deciduous shrubs, and the iigustmm and Phillyrea some useful evergreens. Some of these, as Frkxi- nus, are timber trees. All the species are remarkable for the production of numerous white fibrous roots, in dense masses, near the surface of the s s 2 628 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. ground, in consequence of which they are all easily transplanted when young, and injurious to plants growing under them when full grown. The genera are arranged in 3 sections. Sect. I. Ole^injE. Sect. Char. Corolla short, monopetalous, campanulate or urceolate, 4(-cIeft. Stamens 2, with short filaments, and erect anthers. Fruit drupaceous. Shrubs with simple leaves, more or less coriaceous, and in some species evergreen. LiGu'sTRUM Toiirrt. Corolla funnel-shaped. Stamens enclosed. Stigma bifid. Berry globose, containing two chartaceous nuts. Philly'eea JDiosc. Corolla campanulate. Stamens a little exserted. Stigma thickish. Berry globose. Chiona'nthus Lin. Calyx 4-parted. Segments of corolla linear. Stamens enclosed. Stigma trifid. Drupe containing a striated 1-seeded nut. Sect. II. Syri'nge/e. Sect. Char. Corolla funnel-shaped or campanulate, 4 — 5-parted. Stamens 2, short. Fruit capsular, 2-celled. Deciduous shrubs. Leaves simple. Syri'nga Lin. Calyx 4-toothed. Corolla funnel-shaped, 4-parted. Stamens enclosed. Stigma bifid. Capsule 2-celled, 2-valved. Seeds compressed, with membranous margins. FoNTANB^s/^ Labill. Calyx 4-parted. Corolla of 2 petals. Stamens elon- gated, and stigma bifid. Capsule papery, indehiscent. Cells 1-seeded. Sect. III. i^'RAxiNiB^a;. Sect. Char. Flowers polygamous. Calyx 4-parted or wanting. Stamens 2, short. Anthers dehiscing externally. Stigma nearly sessile, bifid. Fruit 2-celled, compressed, winged at the topj usually 1-seeded. Trees deci- duous, with compound leaves. i^RA'xiNUS Tourn. Flowers polyganaous. Petals wanting. Samara 1-celled. O'rnus Pers. Flowers hermaphrodite or polygamous. Petals 4. Samara 2-celled. Sect. I. Ole^in^. Genus I. ilGU'STRUM Tourn. The Privet. Lin. Syst. Diandria Mpnogynia. IdentiflcatUm. Tourn. Inst., t. 367. ; Lin. Gen., No. 9. ; Don's Mill., 4. p. 44. Syntmymes. Troene, Fr. ; Rainweide, Ger. Derivation. Said to be from ligo, to tie ; in reference to its flexible branches. Gen. Char. Calyx short, tubular, 4-toothed. Corolla funnel-shaped, with the tube exceeding the calyx, and the limb 4-parted. Stamens 2, with short filaments, inserted into the tube of the corolla. Style very short. Stigma obtuse, bifid. Berry globose, containing 2 chartaceous 1-seeded nuts. Albumen hardish. Embryo inverted. (^Don's Mill.) Leaves simple, opposite, exstipulate, evergreen or deciduous ; entire, gla- brous. Flowers terminal, compound, in thyrsoid racemes. — Shrubs or low trees ; natives of Europe or Asia. Readily propagated by cuttings in common soil. XLVIII. OLEACEiE: ilGU'STRUM. 629 a » S J I. L. VULGA^RE Trag. The common Privet. Identification Trag. Hist., 1005. ; Lin. Sp., 1. p. 10. ; Dons Mill,, 4. d U Synony^nes L. germtoicum Bank. Hist. 475. ; Prim, or Prim-print ■ Troene Puini. hWn,. p.. gemeine Rainweidc, Ger. ; Ligustro Olivella, /toi ^ ' ^''^^^' *^"™ '"™c, Fr. ; SZS^fel'lP^.i"/, ^*''' -^y "-been given to it fro. i.l&,f^X'v!^J''^. Engravings. Eugl. rfot., t. 764. ; Baxt. Brit. Fl. PI., vol. 2. t. 119. ; anrl ourjS^s. 1217. and 1218. Spec. Char., S^c Leaves elliptic-lanceolate, glabrous. Racemes compound coarctate. The flowers are sweet^cented, white at first, but soon chanee to a reddish brown. Berries dark purple, almost black. (Don's MM) A sub-evergreen shrub. Britain, in hedges and woody wastes. Height 6 ft to 10ft. Flowers white; June and July. Berries dark purple ; ripe in November, remaining on all the winter. 1217. L. vulgare. 1218, ^. TUlg^xe. Variedes. St L. ». 2 leucocarpum. — Berries white. St L. V. 3 xanthocarpum, — Berries yellow. * L. «. 4 chloTocarpum. — Berries green. t * L. «. 5 sempermreTis. Z,. italicum Mill., and our ^fig. 1219. ; the Italian, or evergreen. Privet. — This is a most desirable variety for shrubberies ; and it is so distinct, -that it was considered by Miller as ajspecies. St L. V. 6 variegatum. — Leaves variegated with nis- '- <■. !«ii|.er,ir«m. yellow. a L. ». 7 angustifolium. — Leaves narrow. The leaves, in exposed situations, and on poor soils, are deciduous ; but in sheltered situations, and more especially when the plant is cultivated in gardens, they remain on throughout the winter. From its property of growing under the drip of trees, it forms a good sub-evergreen undergrowth, where the box, the holly, or the common laurel, would be too expensive, or too tedious of growth. The privet has been long used in the court-yards of dwelling-houses, for con- cealing naked walls, and preventing the eye from seeing objects or places which it is considered desirable to conceal from the view. It thrives well in towns where pit-coal is used ; and the best hedges surrounding the squares of Lon- don are of this shrub. It is admirably adapted for topiary work, and in Italian gardens, in a British climate, it forms as good a substitute for the olive, as the common laurel does for the orange. The privet grows best in rather a strong loam, somewhat moist ; and it attains the largest size in an open situation ; but it will grow on any soil, and under the shade and drip of deciduous trees. In British nurseries, it is almost always raised by cuttings, which not only pro- duce larger plants of the species in a shorter period, but continue the varieties with greater certainty. When plants are to be raised from seed, the berries s s 3 630 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. should be treated like haws, aod kept a year in the rot-heap, or sown imme- diately after being gathered, as, if otherwise treated, they will not come up for 18 months. As shrubs, privet plants require very little pruning ; but, as low trees, they must have the side shoots from the stem carefully rubbed off when- ever they appear. Treated as hedges, or as verdant sculptures, they may be clipped twice a year, in June and March ; and, every five or six years, the sides of the hedges ought to be severely cut in, one side at a time, so as to remove the network of shoots, which, in consequence of continual clipping, forms on the exterior suiface, and which, by preventing the air from getting to the main stems, would in time seriously injure the plants. 36 tt ¥ 1 2. ii. SPICA^TUM Hamilt. The s\s\kedi-flowered Privet. Identification. Hamilt. MSS. ex D. Don Prod. Fl. Ncp., p. 107. s Don's Mill., 4. p. 45. S^jTtonymes. L. nepalense Wall, iu Box. Fl. Ind. 1. p. 151, ; L. lanceolStum Herb. Lamb. Engravings. PL Asiat. Rar., 3. p. 17. t. 231. i and nnrjig. 1220 . Spec, Char., S^c. Leaves elliptic, acute, hairy beneath, as well as the branchlets. Flowers crowd- ed, almost sessile, spicate, disposed in a thyrse, hav- ing the axis very hairy. Bracteas minute. {Don's Mill.) A sub- evergreen shrub. Nepal, on moun- tains. Height 6 ft. to 8 ft. In- troduced in 1823. Flowers white ; June and July. 1221. i.. s. glabruin. Variety. ffi « L. s. 2 glabrum Hook, in Bot. Mag. t. 2921., and our;%. 1221. A native of Nepal, where it is called Goom gacha. The trunk and limbs are covered with warts, but the young branches are glabrous. Though commonly treated as a green-house plant, there can be httle doubt of Its being as hardy as L. lucidum, the species to be next described. It should be grafted on the common privet ; and, if planted in a dry soil and rather sheltered situation open to the sun, it will be the more hkely to make no more wood than what it can ripen before winter. a * S 1 3. i. Lu^ciDUM Ait. The shimng-leaved Privet, or Wax Tree. p. 45. Ideniijicntion. Ait. Hort. Kew., 1. p. 19. ; Don's Mill, Engravings. Bot. Mag., t. 2565. ; and ourj?^. 1222. Spec. Char., ^c. Leaves ovate-oblong, acuminated, shining above. Panicles thyrsoid, spreading much. Leaves broad. Flowers white. This tree affords a kind of waxy matter. {Don's Mill.) A low sub-evergreen tree. China Height 10 ft. to 20 ft. Introduced in 1794. Flowers white ; September and October : and, as m the preceding species, not followed by fruit in England. Varieti/. • IL. /. 2 florihundum Donald's Cat., and our ^g. 1223., has larger bunches of flowers than the species. A very handsome low sub-evergreen tree; or, when it is not trained to a single stem, a large showy bush. XI,VIII. OLEA^CE^ : philly'rea. 631 1222. L-lOcidum. 1223. L. 1. floribandum. 1224. z,. t edit., vol. vi.; and 1«53. F. ienUaclfilla. Flowers greenish yellow ; May and June. °K F. 1. 2 pendula has slender pendulous branches, and forms a very elegant tree. Introduced in 1833. Hort. Soc. Garden, and Lod. C. Leaves and Leaflets large, glaucous, and downy beneath. Natives exchisively of North America ; and, in Britain, chiefly to be considered as ornamental trees. From carefully observing all the kinds of American ash in the Horticul- tural Society's Garden, and in the arboretum of Messrs. Loddiges, we are convinced they are all variations of one and tKe same species. The most dis- tinct of these, as far as respects the leaves, appear to be F. a. pubescens and F. a. _;uglandif61ia ; and, as far as respects the shoots, F. a. quadrangu- T T 3 646 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. lata. Seeds of the eight following kinds are annually imported from Araericn by the London seedsmen, and the plants, in general, come up tolerably true. This may also be said of some of the varieties of which we have only given the names. t 9. F. AMEUiCA^NA Willd. The American Ash. Idmtykatim. Willi Sp., 4. p. 1102.; Michx. N. Aroer. Syl., 3. p. 59. Synonymes. F, acuminata Lam.^ Don's Mill. 4. p. 56., Pursh Sept. 2. p. 9. ; F. discolor Mnkl. ; white A6h, green Asii, Amer, Engravings. Michx. N. Amer. Syl., 3, t. 118. ; the plate of this species in Arb. Brit., 1st edit. ; and oar^s. 1254. and 1269. J2M. F. americima. Spec. Char., ^c. Leaflets 7, petiolate, oblong, acuminate, shining above, quite entire, glaucous beneath. Flowers calyculate. {Don's Mill.) A deciduous tree. Canada to Carolina, in woods. Height 60 ft. to 80 ft. Introduced in 1723. Flowers greenish yellow; May. Samaras rarely produced. Fariety. i F. a. 2 latifolia has broader leaves than the species. Hort. Soc. Garden, in 1835. Early in spring, the leaflets are covered with.a light down, which gra- dually disappears, till, at the approach of summer, they are perfectly smooth, of a light green colour above, and whitish beneath. This difference in the colour of the surfaces of the leaflets is peculiar to this species ; and hence it has been named F. dis- color. It is also called the white ash from the colour of its bark, by which it is easily distinguished, in America, from the other sorts indigenous there. In Britain, all sorts of American ash are readily known from .Frdxinus excelsior, by their hghter bark, and by the paler green of their leaves. t 10. F. (a.) pube'soens IVaa'. The downy Ash. IdentiJicaUon. ^"Walt. Fl. Car.,^. 254. ; Pursh Sept., I . p. 9. : Don's Mill., 4. p. -10. 1255. ^- ameiicaiia. Syn^nymes. F. nigra Du Rot Harbk. ed. 2. vol. 1, p. 63. ; red Ash, black.Ash, Amer. Engravings. Michx. N. Amer. Syl., 3. t. 119. ; and oxirjig. 1256. F. tomentbsa Michx. N. Amer. Syl. 3. XLVIII. OLEA CEjE : J'ra'xinus. 647 1256. F. (a-) pub^scens^ Spec. C!iar., Sfc. Leaflets 3 — 4 pairs, petio- late, elliptic-ovate, serrated, downy or tomentose beneath, as well as the petioles and branches. Flowers calyculate. Ra- cemes rather compound. Calyx campanu- late. Samara narrow, lanceolate, obtuse, with a short mucro at the apex, 3 in. long. Stamens 2 — 3 — i. {Don's Mill.) A deciduous tree. North America. Height soft. Introduced in 1811. Flowers green- ish yellow ; May. Though Michaux has described the leaflets as denticulated, yet in his figure, of which J^. 1256. is a reduced copy, they are per- fectly entire, as they are for the most part in the living plants at iMessrs. Loddiges. Varieties. t F. (a.) p. 2 longifdlia Willd. Sp. iv. p. 1 103., Pursh Fl. Amer. Sept. i. p. 9., Lodd. Cat. ed. 1836; F. pennsylvanica Marsh. ; has the leaflets ovate-lanceolate, attenu- ated, somewhat serrated. 2 F. {a.) p. 3 latifblia Willd., Pursh Fl. Amer. Sept. i. p. 9., has t! e ' leaflets ovate, broad. 2 F. (a.) p. 4 subpubesceiu Pers. Ench. ii. p. 605. Pursh Fl. Amer. Sept. i. p. 9. ; ? F. subvillosa Bosc ; has the leaflets petiolate, elliptic- oblong, acuminated, sharply serrated, downy beneath ; common petioles glabrous. The length of the annual shoots, and the spaces between the buds, are one half those of F. americana ; and the tree is of smaller size, and slower growth. The leaves are from 12 in. to 15 in. long, downy on the under sur- face ; and, on insulated trees, this down becomes red on the approach of autumn, both on the leaves and shoots of that year; whence, probably, the name of red ash. The bark of the trunk is of a deep brown, and the heart- wood of a brighter red than that of the white ash. t 11. F. (a.) 5AMBUCiFoYiA Vahl. The Eltler-leaved Ash. Identification. Vahl Enum., 1. p. 51. ; Pursh Sept, 1. p. 8. ; Don's Mill., 4. p. 64. Syiumymes. F. nigra Mmnch ; F. crispa Hort. j the black Ash, Water Ash, Amer. £ngravijigs. Micbx. N. Amer. Syl., 3. t. 122. ; and oaxfigs. 1257. and 1258. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaflets 3 pairs, 3 in. to 4 in. long, acute at both ends, sessile, ovate-lanceolate, serrated, having the axils of the veins villous beneath. Young branches green, beset with black dots. Buds brown or blue. Flowers like those of the common ash. {Don's Mill.} A deciduous tree. Canada to Carolina. Height 60 ft. to 70 ft. in America ; in England 30 ft. Introduced in 1800. Flowers greenish yellow ; May. Variety. • 1 F. («.) s. 2 crispa Lodd. Cat. ed. 1836 has the leaves curled. Lod. T T 4 1257. i^..(a.).sambiicif6]la. 64-8 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. The buds are of a deep blue, and the young shoots are sprinkled with dots of the same colour, which disappear as the season advances. The leaves, at their unfolding, are accompanied by scales, which fall after two or three weeks : they are 12 or 13 inches long when fully developed ; and the leaflets are sessile, of a deep green colour, smooth on the upper surface, and coated with red down on the main ribs beneath. When bruised, they emit an odour like that of the leaves of the elder. The sa- maras resemble those of the blue ash (F. quadrangulata), and are nearly as broad at the base as at the summit. The black ash is easily distinguished from the white ash by its bark, which is of a duller hue, less deeply furrowed, and has the layers of the epidermis applied in broad sheets ¥ 12. F. (a.) quadrangulaVa Michx. The quadrangular-JrarecAei Ash. Identification. Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer., 2. p. 256. ; Pursh Sept., 1. p. 8. ; Don's Mill., 4. p. .56. Synonymes. F tetragbna Cels ex Dum. Cows. ; F. quadrangul&ris Lodd. Cat. ed. 1836 ; blue Ash, Amer. Engravings. Michx. N. Amer. Syl., 3. 1. 123. ; and our figs. 1259. and 1260. Spec. Char., ij-c. Leaflets almost sessile, elliptic-lanceolate, serrated, downy beneath. Samara blunt at both ends. Branches quadrangular. (Don's Mill.) A deciduous tree. Ohio, Kentucky, and Tennessee. Height 60 ft. to 70 ft. Introduced in 1823. Flowei-s greenish yellow ; May. Variety. ¥ F. (a.) q. 2 nervosa Lodd. nerves. l'15&. F. [a.) quadroiiguliita. Cat. ed. 1836. — Leaves with conspicuous The leaves are from 12 in. to 18 in. long, and are composed of 2, 3, or 4 pairs of leaflets, with an odd one. The leaflets are large, smooth, oval- acuminate, distinctly toothed, and sup- ported by short petiolules. The young shoots to which the leaves are attached are distinguished by 4 opposite mem- branes, 3 or 4 lines broad, and of a greenish colour, extending through their whole length. This character disappears in the third or fourth year, leaving only the traces of itsexist- ence. The seeds are flat from one extremity to the other, and a little narrowed towards the base. Readily distinguished from all the other varieties of American ash, as far as we have been able to observe these in the j neighbourhood of London, by the bark of the trunk, which cracks and separates at the edges into thin plates, much in the same way as that of the white American oak (Quereus alba). ¥ 13. F. (a.) JuGLANDiFo^i.iA Lavi. The Walnut-leaved Ash. lAentifieafion. Lam. Diet., 2. p. .543. ; Pursh Sept., 1. p. 9. ; Don's Mill., 4. p. 56. Sifnor^mes. F. viridis Michx. N. Amer. Syl. 3. p. 65. t. 120. ; F. c6ncolor Muhi. ; the green Ash Michx. ; western black Ash, Pursh. Engravings. Michx. N. Amer. Syl., 3. t. 120. ; the plate m Arb. Brit., Ist edit., vol. vi. ; and our igs. 1261. and 1262. XLvni. OLEACE^: fra'xinus. 649 Spec. Cha.i\ S[c. Leaflets 2 — 4 pairs, 3 in. long, membranous, glabrous, but not shining, canescent beneath, downy in the axils of the veins, stalked, elliptic-lanceolate, serrated, glaucous beneath. Petioles glabrous. Branches glabrous, and, like the buds, greyish brown. Flowers calyculate. Calyx 4-toothed. Corymbs pendulous. Samara linear. {Bon's Mill.) A de- ciduous tree. Canada to North Carolina ; found in shady wet woods, and chiefly in the western districts. Height 30 ft. to 30 ft. Introduced in 1724. Flowers greenish yellow ; May. Variety. * ^•{"'■) j- 2 subintegerrima Vahl Enum. i. p. 50. F.juglandifolia jS sub- aerrata WUld.; F. carohniana Wangenh. Amer. p. 81. ex Willd. Du Roi Harbk. ed. 2. vol. i. p. 400. ex Vahl., F. Novoe-A'ngliae and F. caroliniana Mill. Diet. Nos. 5, 6. ? — Leaflets nearly entire. The green ash is easily recognised by the brilliant colour of its young shoots ; and by its leaves being nearly of the same colour on both surfaces. From this uniform- ity, which is rarely observed in the foliage of trees. Dr. Muhlenburg applied the spe- cific name concolor ; and Mi- chaux gave this tree the popular H61. F. (a.lJuelandlBlia. 1262. F. (a.Jjuglandifjlia. name of the green ash. The leaves vary in length from 6 in. to loin, with from 2 to 4 pairs of leaflets, and an odd one, according to the vigour of the tree, and to the coolness of the soil in which it grov. s. The leaflets are petiolated, and distinctly denticnlated. The seeds are small ; and the tree does not attain a great size. There is a splendid specimen 70 ft. high on the banks of the Thames, adjoining Pope's villa, which is that figured in our first edition. 2 14. F. (a.) carolinia'na Lam. The Carolina Ash. Identification. Lam. Diet., 2. p. 543. ; Pursh Sept., 1. p. 9. ; Don's Mill., 4. p. 55. ; Lodd. Cat., eo. 1836. St/nonymes. F. excelsior Walt, FL. Car. p. 254. j F. serratifblia Michx.Jil. Arb. p. 33. ; F. lanceo- Uita Borkh. ; shining Ash, Amer. Engraving. Our Jig. 2100. in p. 1109. Spec. Char., ^c. Leaflets 2 — 3 pairs, oval, petiolate, serrated, glabrous and shining above. Flowers calyculate. Branches glabrous, and, like the buds, brownish. Racemes loose, IJin. long, often twin from the same bud. Pedicels numerous, umbellate. Calyx small, campanulate. (Don's Mill., adapted.) A deciduous tree. Pennsylvania to Carolina. Height 30 it. to 50ft. Introduced in 1783. Flowers greenish yellow; May and June. 650 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. This is a very remarkable variety, readily distinguished by the large size of its leaflets, which are nearly round, but acuminated, and seldom consist of inore than two pairs, with an odd one. The samaras are unlike those of any of the preceding sorts ; being flat, oval, and often almost as broad as they are long. In spring, the lower surface of the leaves, and the young shoots, are covered with down, which disappears as the summer advances. H. S., Lod. If 15. F. (a.) epi'ptbra Vahl. The mag-topped-seeded, or two-coloured, Ash. Identification. Pursh Sept., 1. p. 8. ; Don's Mill., 4. p. 5.'i. Synonymes, F. cinadSnais Ga;rln. Fruct. 1. p. 222. t. 49. ; F. Ifincea 5o5C. Engravings. GiKrtn. Fruct., 1. t. 49. ; the plate 'of this tree in Arb. Brit.. 1st edit., vol. vi. ; and our,^. 1263. 1263. F. (a.) eplptera. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaflets lanceolate-elliptic, subserrated, opaque, and downy beneath on the veins. Samara cuneated, obtuse and emarginate at the apex, and terete at the bottom. Young branches green, covered with white dots. Bark chinky. Flowers calyculate. Buds brown. (Don's Mill.) A de- ciduous tree. Canada to Carolina. Height 50 ft. Introduced in 1823. Flowers greenish yellow ; May. Lod. and Hort. Soc. Garden. S 16. F. (a.) platyca'bpa Vahl. The broad-fruited Ash. Identification. Vahl Enum., 1. p. 49. ; Pursh Sept., 1. p. 9. ; Don's Mill., 4. p. 55. j Lodd. Cat., ed. 1830. Synonymes. F. caroliniana Catesb. Car. t. 80. ; the Carolina Ash, Amer. Engravings. Michx. N. Amer. Syl., 3. fig. 124. ; and onrjigs. 1264. and 1265. Spec. Char., S^c. Leaflets almost sessile, very distinctly serrated, elliptic-lan- ceolate, 2 in. long and 1 in. broad ; having the larger veins villous beneath. Samara elliptic-lanceolate, 2 in. long, acute at both ends. (Don's Mill.) A deciduous tree. Virginia and Carolina. Height 30 ft. to 50 ft. Intro- duced in 1724. Flowers greenish yellow ; May. XLVIII. OLEA CEX : RNUS. 651 Very easily known from all the other American ashes, by the leaves dying off, in the autumn, of a fine purple. Lod. and Hort. Soc. Other alleged Ame- lican Species. — J'' (a.) expansa Willd., i F. (a.) mixta Bosl, F. (a.) pulverulenta Bosc, F. (a.) rubi- • cunda Sosc, F. (a.) lOngifolia Bosc, F. (a.) viridis Bosc, F. (a.) cinerea Bosc, F. (a.) alba Bosc, F. (a.) Richardi Bosc, F. (a.) ovata Bosc, F. (a. ) nigra Bosc, F. (a.) elKptica Bosc, F. (a.) fusca Bosc, F. (a.) rufa Bosc, F. (a.) pannosa Vent, et Bosc, F. B6sc!! G. Don, F. (a.') /7olemoniif61ia Pair., F. (a.) triptera A^utt., F. chinensis Roxb., F. Schiedearea Schlecht. are described in our first edition, and plants of most of them may be had at Messrs. Loddiges's, and in other London nurseries. Except the last two they are only varieties, and in our opinion not worth keeping distinct. 126-1. F. (i.)pl?t)t;aipa. Genus VII. O'RNTJS Pers. The Flowering Ash. Lin. Syst. Diandria Monogj'nia, or Polygamia Dios'cia. IdentrficatUm. Pers. Ench., 1. p. 8. ; Pursh Sept., 1. p. 6. ; Don's Mill., 4. p. 56. Symmymes. .PVdxinus sp. of the older authors ; le Frene Ji Fleurs, Ft. ; die bliihende Esche, Ger. ; Orno, Ital. ; Oren, Hebrew ; Oreine melia, Greek. Derivation. From oros, the Greek word for a mountain. Gen. Char., ^c. Flowers hermaphrodite, or of distinct sexes. Cali/x 4-parted or 4-toothed. Corolla 4-parted; segments long, ligulate. Stamens with long filaments. Stigma emarginate. Samara 1 -celled, 1-seeded, winged. (Don's Mill.) Leaves compound, opposite, exstipulate, deciduous ; impari-pinnate. Flowers in terminal or axillary panicles. Trees, deciduous ; natives of Europe, Korth America, and Asia ; in British gardens, propagated by grafting on the common ash, and sometimes by seeds. S 1. 0. EUBOP^V Pers. The European Flowering, or Manna, Ash. Identification. Pers. Ench., 1. p. 9. 4 Don's Mill., 4. p. 56. Svnonymes. ftaxinus O'mus Lin. Sp. 1510.; F. O'rnus and F. panicul&ta Mall. Diet. No. 3. and No. 4. ; F. florSfera Scop. Cam. No. 12.50. ; F. botryoldes Mor. Prte/ud. 265. ; F. vulgStior Segn. Ver. 2. p. 290. Engraving'. Fl. Grac., 1. t. 4. ; N: Du Ham., t. 15. ; the plates of this species in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. vi. ; and our^. 1266. Sjiec. Char., ^c. Leaves with 3 — 4 pairs of lanceolate or elliptic, attenuated, serrated, stalked leaflets, which are entire at the base, villous cr downv 652 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. beneath. Flowers complete or hermaphrodite, greenish white. Pedun- cles axillary, solitary, shorter than the leaves. Younj; branches purplish or livid, with yellow dots. Buds cinereous. {Don's Mill.) A deciduous tree. South of Europe. Height 20 ft. to 30 ft. Introduced in 1 730. Flowers white ; May and June. Samara brown ; ripe in October. 12b6. O'rnui A very handsome small tree, and a free flowerer. It and also the following species, and probably all those of both the genera i^'raxinus and O'rnus, ex- travasate sap, which, when it becomes concrete, is mild and mucilaginous. This sap is produced in more abundance by O'rnus europae^a and 0. rotundi- folia, than by any other species ; collected from these trees, it forms an article of commerce under the name of manna, which is chiefly obtained from Calabria and Sicily, where the tree abounds. ¥ 2. 0. (e.) botundifo'lia Pers. The round-leafleted Flowering, or Manna, Ash. Identification. Pers. Ench., 2. p. 6(15. ; Don's Mill., 4. p. 57. Synonymes. Fr^ixinus rotundifblia Ait. Hort. Kcw. 3. p. 445. ; F. mannifera Hort. Plulc. Aim. 182. f. 4. Engravings. Willd. Baum., t. 2. f. 1. ; Pluk. Aim., p. 4. ; and our figs. 1267. and 1268. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves with 3 — 5 pairs of roundish-ovate, bluntly serrated, almost sessile leaflets, which are narrow at the base, rather small, and glabrous. Petioles channeled. Flowers with purpli.sh pe- tals, polygamous. Peduncles axillary. Branches and buds brown. The flowers come out in the spring, before the leaves, like those of other species of this genus, as well as of that of Frax- inus. (Don's Mill.) A low tree. Calabria and the Levant, &c. Height 16 ft. to 20 ft. ; in England I V67. o. (e.) roiundif6iu. 30 ft. to 40 ft. lutrod. 1697. Flowers white ; April. xLviii. olea'ceje : (/rnus. 653 1269. O. (e.) americhna. t 3 0. (e.) AMERICA xa Puis/i. The American Flowering Ash. IdeTiiification. Pursh Sept., 1. p. 9. ; Don's Mill., 4. p. 57. Syntmynics. F. americitna Ltnn. Sp. 1510. ? : F. O'rnus americ&na Lodd. Cat. ed. 1836. ErigraviTig. 0\ir Jig. 1269. Spec. Char,, Sfc. Leaves with 2 — 5 pairs of oblong or ovate - acuminated, shining, serrated leaflets, each 3 in. to 5 in. long, and 2 in. broad, and hav- ing the larger veins rather villous, glaucous, and paler beneath, the odd one rather cordate. Flow- ers with petals, disposed in terminal panicles. Branches brownish grey. Buds brown. Samara narrow, obtuse, mucro- nate. {Don's Mill.) A tree. North America. Height 30 ft. to 40 ft. Introd. in 1820. Flowers white; April and May. A more robust-growing plant than O. europaea. t 4. 0. flgribu'nda G. Don. The abundant-flowered Flowering Ash. Identification. G. Don in Loud. Hort. Brit., p. 12, ; Don's Mill., 4. p. 57. Synonyme. J'rSxinus floribfinda D. Bon Prod. Fl. Nep. p. lOG. Engravings. Wall. PI. Rar. Asiat., 2. t. 277. ; and our.^jf. 1270. Spec. Char., S^c. Leaves with 2 — 3 pairs of elliptic-oblong, acuminated, serrated, glabrous, stalked leaflets, and an odd one, varying much in figure, the terminal, or odd, one the largest. Pa- . li.* ^„ nicies terminal, com- pound, thyrsoid. Samara linear, or narrow - spathulate, obtuse, and entire. Bark a.sh-coloured, dotted. Branchlets compressed. {Don's Mill.) A deciduous tree. Nepal. Height 30 ft. to 40 ft. In- trod. 1822. Flowers white; April. There was a plant of this species in the Horticultural Socie- ty's Garden, against the conservative wall, which died in the spring of 1836. 1270. O. floribinaa. O. striata Swt. ; i^raxinus striata Bosc, Don's Mill. 4. p. 57. ; is a native of North America, said to have been introduced in 1818, but we have not seen the plant nor a figure of it. 654 ARBOEETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. Order XLIX. JASMINA^CE^. Ord. Char. Calyx tubular, divided or toothed. Corolla salver-shaped, 5-cleft; sestivation imbricate and twisted. Stamens epipetalous. Ovarium 2-celled. Cells l-seeded. Style 1. Stigma 2-lobed. Fruit a didymous berry, or a biparted capsule. Albumen sparing, or wanting altogether. This differs from Oleinese, to which it is nearly allied, by the erect ovula, structure of seeds, and Eestivation of corolla. {Don's Milli) Leaves simple or compound, opposite, exstipulate, deciduous or ever- green ; temate or imparipinnate, with the petioles for the most part articu- lated. Flowers opposite, in corymbs. — Shrubs, deciduous or evergreen ; natives of Europe, Asia, and America. Genus I. JASMrNUM Forskoel. The Jasmine. Lin. Syst. Diandria Monogynia. Identification. Forskoel JEgyp. Arab., p. 59. j Don's Mill., 4. p. 59. Synonymes. Mongbrium Lam. ; Jessamine ; Jasmin, Fr. and Ger. ; Schasmin, Ger. ; Gelsomine, Ital, J Jazmin, Span. Derivation. Linnasus derives this name from lora, a violet, and osme, smell : but the scent of the flowers has no resemblance to that of the violet. Forskoel, in his jEgyp. Arab. p. 59., says that it is taken from the Arabian name of the plant, Ysmym, which appears much more probable. Gen. Char., Src. Calyx tubular, 5 — 8-toothed or 5 — 8-cleft. Corolla 5 — 8-cleft. Stigma 2-lobed or bifid. Berry didymous, having one of the lobes usually abortive. Seeds without albumen. (Don's Mill.) Leaves simple or compound, opposite, exstipulate, mostly sub-evergreen ; mostly entire. Petioles articulated. Flowers white or yellow, axillary or terminal, odoriferous. — Shrubs, usually sub-evergreen, and twining or ram- bling ; natives of Europe, Asia, or Africa. Propagated readily by cuttings in common garden soil, and usually grown against walls. Si « ] . ./. FEU^TicANS L. The Sprig-producing, or shrubby, Jasmine. Identification. Lia Sp., I. p. 9., Syst., ed. 14. ; Don's Mill., 4. p. 63. Synonyme. J. heterophj^llum Mosnch, Lob. Adv. p. 389. f. 390. Engravings. Bot. Mag., t. 461. ; Schmidt Baum., 3. t. 148. ; our fig. 1271., xaifig. 1272. from a living specimen. Spec. Char., S;c. Leaves alternate, trifoliolate, and simple, glabrous ; leaflets obovate or cuneiform, obtuse. Branches an- gular. Calycine seg- ments subulate. Pe- duncles terminal, by threes. Corolla yel- low, with oblong ob- tuse segments. (Don's Mill.') A sub-ever- green shrub. South of Europe, and through- out the Levant. Height 6 ft. to 8 ft. Introduced in 1570. Flowers yellow ; May to October. Fruit 1271. J. firilticans. black ; ripe Nov. 1272. J. ftbticant, A very desirable sub-evergreen, either for planting in borders, or against walls ; flowering freely, and ripening abundance of fruit. It sends up numerous suckers ; which, when it is desired that the plant should assume a garden- XLIX. JASMINA CE^ : J'ASMI'NUM. 655 esque character, should all be removed, leaving the branches to proceed from a single stem, or from two, three, or any other small and limited number ot stems, -a «. 2. J. HU^MiLE L. The humble, or ItaUan yellow. Jasmine. Identification. lAn, Sp., 1. p. 9.; Vahl Enum., 1, p. 33. ; Don's Mill., 4. p. 63. EngravtTigs, Bot. Reg., t. 350. j Schmidt Baum., 1. 149. i and ourjjg. 1271 Spec. Char., S^c. Leaves alternate, acute, trifoliolate, and pinnate. Bi-anches angular. Calycine segments very short. Plant glabrous. Peduncles terminal, twin or ternary, 3-flowered. Corolla yellow, with oblong obtuse segments. (Don's Mill:} An erect sub-evergreen shrub. Madeira. Height 3 ft. to 4 ft. Introduced in 1656. , Flowers yellow ; June to September. 1275. J. h&raile. Sk » 3. J. heterophy'llum Roxb. The various-leaved Jasmine. Eoxb. Fl. Ind., 1. p. 99. and 164. ; Don's Mill., 4. p. 63. 1274. J. heterophjllum. Identtjication. axuau. j.i. mu., x. y. ..j. «..« ...... , x^x... o, x.x...., -.. y, ««. Synanymes. J. arbbreum Hamilt. MSS. ; Goojee and Javana in 2. ; Juss., 144. ; Don's Mill., 4. p. 95. 45. ; la Pervenche, Fr. ; Suiingrtin, Ger. Vinca, or Fior Ident^ation. Lin. Gen., No. : Synonymes. Pervinca Tourn, Morto, Ital. Derivotion. In Don's Miller, this word is said to be derived from vinco-, to conquer ; because tiie species subdue other plants by their creeping roots, or bind them by their runners ; but a much better origin seems to be from vinculum^ a band, on account of the suitableness of the shoots for the purpose of making bands. Gen. Char., S^c. Calyx 5-cleft. Corolla salver-shaped ; tube longer than the calyx ; throat bearded ; segments of the limb flat, oblique, truncate at the apex. Stamens 5, inserted in the throat, enclosed. Anthers ending each in a hairy membrane at the apex, which connive over the stigma. Stigma bearded, seated on a flat orbicular disk, which is grooved round the cir- cumference. Glands 2, alternating with the ovaries, glabrous, as well as they. Follicles 2, erect, terete, narrow, dehiscing lengthwise, few-seeded. 'Seeds cylindrical, naked. Albumen fleshy. (Don's Mill.) Leaves as in the Order. Flowers axillary, solitary, alternate, pedunculate ; blue, purple, or white. — Shrubs, evergreen, suffruticose, creeping or trail- ing ; natives of Europe ; of the easiest culture ; and readily propagated by division, layers, or cuttings : valuable in pleasure-grounds, as thriving under the dense shade of trees and shrubs. ♦, 1. V. MA^JOR L. The greater Periwinkle. Identitication. Lin. Sp., p. 304. ; Don's laill., 4. p. 95. ; Lodd. Cat., ed. 1836. Synonymes. Tinea mddia Delile ; Pervfnca major Scop. Cam, No. 274. Engravings. Eng. Bot., t. 514. ; Baxt. Brit. Fl. PI., vol. 2. t. 158. ; and oar figs. 1278. and 1279. Spec. Char,, ^c. Stamens erectish. Leaves ovate, acute, ciliated. Calycine teeth linear-subulate, ciliated, usually with a small tooth on each side at the base. Segments of corolla broad, obovate. This species is larger in all its parts than the following sort. Flowering stems erect ; barren ones trailing. (Don's Mill.) A low, trailing or creeping, suf- fruticose evergreen. Middle and South of Europe, and apparently wild in some parts of Britain. Height 2 ft., form- ing a dense, dark green, low, trailing bush, growing freely ^^ under the shade of other trees, '' '^ and producing its fine blue 1279. f.^hjot. flowers from March to Sept. Variety. . , . , , . , ,, t, V. m. 2 vatiegdta Hort. — Leaves variegated with white and j'ellow. •, 2. V. Mi'^NOR L. The less Periwinkle. ., .:, .' T ;« Cn ^0.1 . Tlnn'K Mill 4.D. 95. : Lodd. Cat., ed. 1836. f;::Zf:lT-pli". 3 cdrnea Cels. Ups. 32. — Corollas flesh-coloured. -I S. D. 4 plena Tourn. Inst. 149. — Corollas double. i. S. Z>. 5 variegdta Munt. fig. 156. — Leaves variegated. 1 S. Z). 6 hirsuta Don's Mill. iv. p. 409. ; S. littorale Hort. — Plant haii-y or downy. Flowers violet. Found on the sea coast. Lodd. -t S. D. 7 rupestris Schmidt Fl. Boh. p. 69. — Stem erect. Leaves ovate, quite entire. Kacemes fev/-flowered, dichotomous. Bohemia. The stems of this species are roundish, branched, twisted, and climbing by elongation, among other shrubs, and in hedges, to the height of 6 or 8 feet, or upwards. When bruised, broken, or rubbed, they yield a strong and peculiar odour, not unlike that which proceeds from rats and mice. The roots smell like potatoes ; and both roots and stalks, upon being chewed, first cause a sensation of bitterness, which is soon followed by a con- siderable degree of sweetness, whence the specific name. The berries are poisonous ; and, as they are common in hedges, they are very frequently eaten by children, on whom they operate by excit- ing violent vomiting and purging. Trained to a single stem to the height of 6 or 8 feet, and sup- ported by a strong iron rod, with a parasol top, '^"'' *• riuicainira. this common liedge weed might form a very handsome gardenesque pendulous tree ; or it might cover a domical bower. • L 2. S. CRi'spijM R. ^ S. The curled-feati^rf Solanum. Idcntijication. Rcem. et Schult. Sp. PI., 4. p. 595. ; Don's Mill., 4. p. 414. Engravings. Bot. Keg., t. 1516. ; and our fig. 1291, Spec. Char., S^c. Stem shrubby. Leaves ovate, subcordate, wavedly curled, acuminate. Flowers corymbose. (Rcem. et Schult.) Leaves all simple^ undivided, ovate, or cordate, acuminate, petiolate, slightly curled at the margin ; younger leaves powdery, but full-grown ones green. Cymes many- flowered, terminal, all the parts powdery. Bracteas none. Calyx short, 5-tootiied. Corolla middle-sized, of a bluish lead-colour. Anthers equal, yellow. (Lindl.) A large sub-evergreen rambling shrub. Chiloe, in waste places and hedges. Height 15 ft. to 30 ft. Introduced in 1830. Flowers bluish coloured ; May to September. Mil. 50LANA^CEJE : £y'CIUM. 665 A hardy vigorous-growing plsint, of a much more ligneous character than S. Dulcamara, sub-evergreen, and covered with flowers nearly the whole summer. As it will grow, in any soil, and is readily propagated by cuttings, it promises to be of great value as an ornamental climber, for rapidly covering naked walls. If tied to a stake, and thus forced to grow erect, , it will throw out a great number of lateral branchlets, at the end of every one of w hieh is produced a bunch of flowers. The art of hybridisation has not yet been practised with the shrubby species of i'olanum, otherwise it is not improbable that some hybrids might be originated be- tween the South American and the British species, which would be as hardy as those which have been described. 1291. .S. urisiiiii Genus II. I,Y'CIUM L. The Box Thorn. Lin. Syst. Pentandria Monogynia. Identification. Lin. Gen., 1262. ; Don's Mill., 4. p. 457. Synonymes. Jasminoldes I^iss. in Act. Gall. 1711. ; Matrimony Vine, Amer. ; Lycien,*Fr. ; Bocks- dom, Ger. ; Licio, Ital. One species, L. barbarum, is commonly called the Duke of Argyll's tea tree, from the circumstance of a tea plant ( 7'Aea viridis) having been sent to the Duke of Argyll at the same time as this plant, and the labels having been accidentally changed. Derivation. Derived from Lycia, in Asia Minor ; hence the luhion of Dioscorides ; a name given by him to a thorny shrub, which was supposed by Dr. Sibthorp to have been the iJhSmnus infectbrius, but which Dr. Royle, with greater probability, regards as identical with a species of B^rberis which he has denominated B^rberis iycium. Gen. Char. Calyx urceolate, regularly 5-toothed, or irregularly 3 — 3-cleft, permanent. Corolla funnel-shaped or tubular ; limb 5- or 10-cleft, or toothed, imbricate in aestivation, sometimes plicate. Stamens 5, usually exserted ; filaments bearded, and widened at the base. Anthers cordate, dehiscing lengthwise. Berry roundish, 2-celIed. Seeds numerous, reniform. (lion's Mill.) Leaves simple, alternate, exstipulate, deciduous ; entire or nearly entire, solitary or in fascicles. Flowers in peduncles, extra-axillary or terminal, solitary, twin, or umbellate, rarely corymbose ; white, yellow, rose-coloured, purple, or blue. — Shrubs, deciduous, scandent, and usually somewhat spinose ; natives of Europe, Asia, and Africa; readily propagated by cuttings of the branches or of the roots. ■1 \. L. EUROPJE'UM L. The European Box Thorn. Identification. Lin. Syst., 228. ; Don's MllL, 4. p. 468. Synonymes. L. salicilfSlium Mill. Diet. No. 3. ; Jasminoldes acule^um Mich. ; Spino santo, Spino di ■ Cristo, Ital. Engravings. Mich. Gen., t 105. f. 1. ; Mill. Icon., t. 171. f. 2. ; and ourjSg. 1292. Spec. Char., Spc. Branches erect, loose. Buds spinescent. Leaves fascicled, obovate-lanceolate, obtuse, or spathulate, bent obliquely. Flowers twin or solitary. Corolla funnel-shaped. Stamens exserted, but shorter than the limb. Calyx 5-cleft, ruptured at the side. Corollas pale violet, reticulated with red veins ; tube greenish. (Don's MUl.) A rambling shrub, with long slender shoots, and prone to throw up innumerable suckers. South of Europe. Stem 20ft. to 30ft. Introduced in 1730. Flowers violet; May to August. Fruit bright scarlet or yellow; ripe in September. 666 AllBOllKTUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. 35192. X. europasum. Valuable for covering naked walls, as it grows with extreme rapiditj', and flowers and fruits freely, in almost any soil or situation. Established plants, in good soil, will make shoots 10 or 12 feet in length in one season ; and the plant, when trained against a house or high wall, will reach the height of 30 or 40 feet, as maybe seen in some courts in Paris. Ti'ained to a strong iron rod, to the height of 20 or 30 feet, and then allowed to spread over an umbrella head, it would make a splendid bower. Its shoots would hang down to the ground, aii-d form a complete screen on every side, ornamented from top to bottom with ripe fruit, which is bright scarlet or yellow, and very showy; with unripe fruit, which is of a lurid purple; or with blossoms, which are purple and white. Some idea of the quantity of ripe and unripe fruit, and of blossoms, which may be found on a shoot at one time, may be formed from jfig. 1292., which is only a portion of a shoot, the upper part of which (not exhibited in the figure) contained two or three dozen of fruit, all ripe at once. Vmieties. There is a variety with yellow fruit, and another with the fruit roundish ; and, in our opinion, L. barbarum, chinense, ruthenicum, Shawi, and Treviidnum, all of which we have seen in Loddiges's arboretum, and in the Paris gardens in IS^O, are nothing more than variations of the same form. ■i 2. L. (e.) ba'rbarum L. The Barbary Box Thorn. Identification. Lin. Sp., 277. ; Don's Mill., i. p. 458. Synonymes. L. /lalimifbiium Mill. Diet. No. 6. ; L. bdrbarum w vulgare Ait. Hart. Kevi. 1. p. 2.W. ; the Duke of Argyll's Tea Tree. Engravings. Dend. Brit., t. 9. ; and our fig. 1293. Spec. Char., 4-c. Branches depend- ent. Buds spiny. Leaves lan- ceolate, flat, glabrous, acute. Flowers twin, extra-axillary, pe- dicellate. Corolla funnel-shaped. Stamens exserted, about equal in , length to the limb. Branches angular. Buds often without spines. Calyx 2 — 3-lobed. Co- rolla with a purple limb, and yellowish base. Stigma 2-lobed. Berry ovate, yellow. Stamens bearded near the base. There is a variety of this, having livid or pale corollas, and reddish yellow berries. (Don's Mill.) A climbing deciduous shrub. North of Asia, Africa, and South of Europe. Stem 20 ft. to 30 ft. Introduced in 1696. and other particulars as in L. europae'a. .4 1 3. i. (e.) chine'nse Mai. The Chinese Box Thorn. Identification. Mill. Diet., No. 6. ; Don's Mill., 4. p. 458. Synonymes. L. b&rbarum ^ chinense Ait. Hort. Kew.l. p. 257. ; L. b&rbarum Lour. Cock. 1. p. 165. ?; L. ovStum N. Du Ham. 1. p. 107. Erisravings. Dend. Brit., t. 8. ; and our fig. 1294. from the N. Du Ham., and Jig. 1295. from a living specimen. Spec. Char., ^c. Branches pendulous, prostrate, striated. Buds spinescent. Leaves by threes, ovate, acute, 1293 I,, (e.) barbaium. Flowers Llll. SOLANACE^. LY CIUM. 667 1294. L. (e.) chinense. attenuated at the base. Pe- duncles much longer than the calyx, which is entire. Stamens exserted. Nearly allied to L. ruthenicura ; but differs in the leaves being broad-ovate. Shoots very long. (^Don's Mill.) A climb- ing deciduous shrub. China, about Pekin and Canton ; and of Coehin-China. Stem 8 ft. to 10 ft. Introduced ?. Flowers purple ; May to Au- gust. Fruit orange-coloured ; ripe in August. Resembles L. europae'um, but is a smaller weaker plant. 1295 1/. (e.) chin£nGe. 1 i. L. (e.) Tbewi^'wew/ G. Don. Trew's Box Thorn. Identification. Don's Mill., 4. p. 458. ; Lodd. Cat., ed. 1836. Synonytnes. L. b^rbHrum Lam. Diet. 3. p. 509., ex Poir. Suppt. 3. p 427. ; L. chinSnse N. Du Ham. 1. p. 116. Engraving, OurJ?^.S102,m p. 1110. Spec. Char., S^c. Branches diffuse, angular. Buds spinose. Leaves petiolate, lanceolate, acute. Pe- duncles 1-flowered, solitary or twin, extra-axillary . Calyx 2 — 3-cleft. Corolla funnel-shaped. Stamens exserted. This species differs from L. chinense Mill, in the spines, and from L. barbarum in the leaves. Branches rufescent. Spines few. Corolla fine purple, with a white star in the centre. Filaments pilose at the base. Berry ovate. {Don's Mill.) A climbing deciduous shrub. China. Stem 6 ft. to 10 ft. Introduced in 1818. Flowers purple ; May to August. Judging from the plants in the Hackney arboretum, this kind is scarcely, if at all, different from L. europae~um. X 5. L. (e.) ruthe'nicum Murr. The Russian Box Thorn. Identification. Murr. Comm. Goett., 1779, p. 2. t. 2. ; Don's Mill., 4. p. 4.'i8. Synonymes. L, taUricum Pall. Fl. Boss. 1. p. 78. t. 49. ; Lycien de la Russie, Fr. Engravings. Mnrr. Coinra. Goett. 1779, p. 2. t. 2. ; and our fig. 1296. S])ec. Char., S(c. Branches dependent. Buds spines- cent. Leaves linear-lanceolate, fleshy, obtuse, attenu- ated at the base, solitary, or sub-fasciculate. Peduncles longer than the calyx. Calyx with 5 unequal teeth. Stamens exserted, equal to the limb. Calyx usually irregularly 5-toothed, rarely 2 — 3-lobed, as in L. barbarum. Corolla with a white tube and purplish limb. Leaves grey, like those of L, afrum. (JDon's Mill.) A climbing deciduous shrub. Siberia, in nitrous places ; on the Wolga, and in Hyrcania. Stem 6 ft. to 10 ft. Introduced in ISO*. Flowers white ; June to August. Varieti/. A L. r. 2 cdspicum Pall. Fl. Ross. t. 49. f. A. — Leaves shorter. Buds more spinose. Flowers smaller. Native about the Caspian Sea. ,595 l. le.) n„h«„.curu. 668 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. 1 6. L. (e.) lanoeola'tum Pair. The lanceolate-Zfiaaed Box Thorn. Identtficatian. Poir. Suppl., 3. p. 429. ; Don's Mill. 4. p. 458. Synonyme. L. europse^um ^ Dec. Fl. Fr. No. 2699. Engravings. N. Du Ham., t. 32. ; and om Jigs. 1297. and 1298. Spec. Char., S^c. Branches dependent, reflexed. Buds spinescent. Leaves lanceolate, nearly ses- sile, acute at both ends. Flowers solitary, extra-axillary, pedicel- late. Corolla funnel-shaped. Sta- mens exserted. Calyx unequally 5-toothed. Corolla purple, with a white bottom. Berry oblong, red. (Don's Mill.) A climbing deciduous shrub. Naples, Greece, &c. Stem 6 ft. to 10 ft. Intro- duced ?. Flowers purple ; May to August. Berry red ; August. A 7. L. (? E.) TURBINA^TUM Du Ham. The turbinate^n«fed Box Thorn. Identification. N. Du Ham., 1. p. 119. t.31. : Don's Mill., 4. p. 4!j8. Synom/mes. L. Aalimifblium MiU. Vict. No. 6. ? ; i. birbarum /3 Dec. Fl. Fr. No. 270O, Engravings. N. Du Ham., t. 31.; and our^s. 1299. and 1300. 129S L. (e.) lanceol&tuin. Spec. Char., S^c. L (»e.) turbinilum. AugUSt. Stems erect, fascicled. Branchlets dependent, terete. Buds spiny. Leaves sessile, lanceolate, acumi- nated. Flowers aggregate, pedi- cellate, extra-axillary. Corolla funnel-shaped. Stamens exserted. Calyx trifid. Berry red, and turbi- nate. Corolla violaceous, with a white bottom. (Don's Mill.) A climbing deciduous shrub. China. Stem 6 ft. to 10 ft. Introduced in 1709. Flowers violet; May to 1300. i. (? e.) tisrbinktum. i. 8. L. aVrum L. The African Box Thorn. Identification. Lin. Sp., 277. ; Don's Mill., 4. p. 469. Engravings. Bot. Reg., t. 354. ; and am figs. 1301. and 1302. Spec. Char., S[c. Erect, spiny. Leaves fascicled, linear, canescent, attenuated at the base, obtuse, fleshy. Flowers almost axillary, solitary, drooping. Corolla tubular, 3 times longer than the calyx. Stamens enclosed. Bark grey- coloured ; the smaller branches frequently spiny. Leaves ~ glaucous. Filaments bearded near the base, as in all the true species. Stigma slightly 2-lobed. Corolla violaceous, rich purple above. Berry globose, vio- laceous. Calyx 5-toothed. (Don's Miller.) An erect, spiny, deciduous or'sub-evergreen shrub. Spain, North of Africa, Palestine, Syria, Egypt, and Arabia Felix. Height 6 ft. to 10 ft. Introduced in 1712. Flowers purple ; May to July. Berry dark blue or 1301 . black ; ripe in August. Variety. -i L 1502. i. ft&um. a. 2 rigidum. L. rigidum Booth. — Leaves long, linear, glaucous ; shoots rigid. Possibly a distinct species. . Native country unknown, but probably from China, or the North of India. Received from Messrs. Booth, in 1838. The most ornamental species of the genus ; and, though rather tender, it LIII. 50LANA CEiE : CRABO'WSKIX 669 well deserves a place in every collection against a wall. There are large and handsome plants, on a wall, in the Chelsea Botanic Garden, which were uninjured by the winter of 1837-8. Other Species of 'Lycium. — There were in the Horticultural Society's Garden, in 1838, plants named L. ovdtum and L. spatuldtum, but they appear to us nothing more than varieties of L. barbai'um. — L. obovdtum {Jig. 1 303. from a specimen received from the Liverpool Botanic Garden) was raised there from a seed which Mr. Shepherd picked from a dried specimen received from Peru in 1836. The flowers are of a dark purple and very showy, and the plant has stood against a south wall through the winters of 1837, 38, and 39, with- out any protection. Genus III. CRABO'WSKU Schlecht. The Craisov.'skia. Lin. Syst. Pentandi-ia Monogynia. Identification. Schlecht. in Linnsa, 7. p. 72. ; Don's Mill., 4. p. 480. Syjionymes. ijcium sp. Lin, ; Ehrgtm sp. UHirit. derivation. In honour of I)T. H. Crabowski, one of the editors of Flora Silesiaca. Gen. Char. Calyx subcampanulate, regularly 5-toothed, valvular in aestiva- tion. Corolla with a short, funnel-shaped tube, and a 5-parted limb. Seg- ments of the limb spreachng or reflexed, four of which are convolute in Eestivation, the fifth external, with the margins covering the edges of those near it. Stamens 5. Filaments free. Drupe propped by the permanent calyx. (Don's Mill.) Leaves simple, alternate, exstipulate, deciduous ; entire. Flowers sub- corymbose, from the fascicles of leaves, or the tops of the branchlets ; whitish yellovi?. — A shrub, deciduous, with axillary spines, rambling, with the habit of iycium ; native of Peru. Culture as in Xycium. -i 1. C. BOERH AAV IMFO^LIA Schlecht. The Boerhaavia-leaved Crabowskia. Identification. Schlecht. in Linnaia, 7. p. 72. ; Don's Mill., 4. p. 480.. Synonyims. ijcium boerhaav/i^/o^zKffz Lin. Suppl. p. 150.; Ehr&tm Aalimifblia i'i/^rii. 5i2rp. 1. p. 45. t. 83. ; Z.^cium heteroph Jllum Murr. Comm. Gott. 1783 p. 6. t. 2] . ; Jasminoldes spinbsum Du Ham. Arb.'l. p. 306. No. 5. ; Lycium panicule, Fr. Engravings. L'Herit. Stirp., 1. 1. 83. ; and our.^. 1304. Spec. Char., ^c. Leaves coriaceous, glaucescent, with a saltish bitterish taste. Corolla white, having the throat veined with green. Stamens white. Stigma green. Nuts the form of those of Coffea arabica, convex on one side, marked by a slender furrow in the middle, obtuse at top, and perforated by two roundish holes at the base : hence it is tridentate, _ the first tooth from the middle of the back, the other two from the sides : sometimes, but only by abortion, 1-celled. Albumen copious, fleshy. (Doris Mill.) A rambling deciduous shrub. South of Brazil, in woods. Height 6 ft. Introduced in 1780. Flowers white ; April and May The whole plant has a mealy white appearance ; by um. c i,De.-h.u.i./«, 670 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. which, and by the singular twisted form of its leaves, it may be known at first sight from any species of Lyoium. Order LIV. SCROPHULARIA^CE^. Obd. Char. Calyx 4 — 5-parted, persistent. Corolla deciduous, irregular, or bilabiate, or regular ; eestivation imbricate. Stamens 2 or 4, usually di- dynamous, rarely equal. Ovamim 2-celled. Sti/le 1. Stigma 2-lobed or undivided. Fruit usually capsular, rarely baccate, 2-celled, 2 — i-valved many-seeded. Albumen copious. (G?. Don.) Leaves simple, opposite, exstipulate, deciduous ; reticulately veined. The hardy genex-a in British gardens are Buddlea and Paulownea, which are thus contradistinguished ; — Bu'ddle^. Calyx 4-(;left. Corolla tubular, 4-clefp, regular. Stamens 4, equal. PauloHvn/^. Calyx 5-cleft. Corolla sub-bilabiate, 3-cleft. Stamens 4, di- dynamous. Genus I. UtLi BU'DDLE^ L. The Buddi.ea. Lin. St/st. Tetrandria IVtonog/nia. (denization. Lin. Gen., No. 140. ; Don's Mill., 4. p. 596. Derivation. Named by Dr. Houston in honour of Adatn Buddie, a botanical amateur, who is often mentioned in Ray's Synopsis, and whose dried collection of British plants is preserved in the British Museum. Gen. Char., Sfc. Calyx 4-cleft, equal. Corolla tubular ; limb 4-cleft, regular. Stamens 4, equal, enclosed. Stigma capitate or clavate. Capsule 2-celled, 2-valved ; valves bifid. Placenta central, at length free. Leaves as in the Order. Flowers terminal ; capitate, spicate, or pani- cled ; orange - coloured. — Shrubs, deciduous or nearly sub-evergreen, rambling, usually with quadrangular branches, natives of South America. Readily propagated by cuttings oi- layers, in any light rich soil, in a di-y sheltered situation, or, in tlie North of England, against a wall. a 1. B. GLOBO'SA L. The Globe- cowered Buddlea. Identification. Ait. Hort. Kew., 1. p. l.'iO. j Don's Mill., 4. p. .597. Syncmymcs. Bdddled g\oh\&bxa.N. Du Ham. 1. p. 85. t. 25. ; B. capitata Jacq. Col. 2. p. S3'i. ; Icon. liar. t. 307. ; Piil- quin Feuillee It., 3. p. 61. t. 38. J Buddleia glo- buleux, Fr. ; Kopftra- gende Budleje, Ger. Engravings. Bot. Mag. t. 174. i N. Du Ham., 1. p. 85. ; and our Hgs. 1305. and 1306. Spec. Charac, ^c. Branches tetra- gonal, clothed with hoary tomentuii;, .woo. b. Biobo™. 1.705. B. Blob6aa. LIV. SCROPHULARIA^CEiE : PAUL0\vN7^. 671 sj well as the under sides of the leaves. Leaves lanceolate, acuminated, crenated, petiolate. Heads of flowers globose, pedunculate. A large, spread- ing, deciduous shrub. Chili. Height 12 ft. to 15 ft. Introduced in 177'i. Flowers bright yellow, in globe-like heads, fragrant ; May to July. Very ornamental, but, being somewhat tender, it requires, north of London, i warm sheltered situation, and a dry soil. Genus II. £ PAULO'WN/^ Sieb. Lin. Syst. Didynamia . 262., ■Willd. Sp. PI. 3. p. 290., Pers. Sjn. 2. p. 170. ; . ; Kirri, Japanese, Kxinpf. Amcen. p. 152. ; Too, Hak- The Paulownia. Angiosp^rmia. tdentification. Sieboldt Fl. Jap., t. ID. Syrumymes. Blgabnia Thun. Fl. Jap. Incarvfllea Spreng. Syst. Veg. 2. p. 8i too, Climese. Derivation. Named by Dr. Sieboldt in honour of Her Imperial and Royal Highness, the Hereditary Princess of the Netherlands. Gen. Char., ^c. Calt/x campanulate, 5-cleft. Corolla tubularly campanulate, with a S-cleft sub-labiate limb. Slaviens 4, didynamous. Stigma trun- cate. Capsule woody, 2-celled, 2-valved. Valves septicidal. Seeds nu- merous, each surrounded by a wing, attached to a fixed placenta on the back of the dissepiment. Albumen fleshy. {Sieb.) Leaves simple, opposite, exstipulate, deciduous ; petiolate, entire. Flowers purple or hlac, in terminal panicles. — A deciduous tree, with the habit and general appearance of Catatpa syringtsfoMa. ; native of Japan. 2 1. P. iMPERiA^Lis Sieb. The imperial Paulownia. Identification. Sieb. Fl. Jap., t. 10. iynanymes. Bignbma tomentAsa Thun. Fl. Jap. p. 252., WtUd. Sp. PL 3. p. 290., Pels. Syn. 2. p- 170. ; IncarvSUea toment&sa Spreng. Syst. Veg. 2. p. 836. ; Kirri, Japanese, Ksmpf. Amoen. p. 8o9., ; Too, Hak-too, Chinese. Engravings. KEempf. Amoen., fig. in p. 860. j Fl. Jap., t. 10. ; and our fgs. 1307. and 1308. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves ovate, cordate at the base, acute, undivided or 3- lobed, densely clothed with soft hairs beneath. Flowers panicled ; calyx covered with rusty tomentum. {Sieb.} A magnificent deciduous tree ; Japan, in the southern provinces, in exposed places. Height 30 ft. to 40 ft., with a trunk 2 ft. to 3 ft. in diameter, in Japan. Introduced in 1840. Flowers pur- plish ; April, in Japan. The branches are few, but strong, and. proceed- ing from the trunk at right angles. The flowers are in large bunches, which look, at a distance, like those of the horse- chestnut ; while the indi- vidual flowers, in form, size, and colour, resem- , ble those of DigitaHs purpurea. The tree was introduced into Europe < in 1837, and in the Jar- din des Plantes there is a specimen which has stood out three winters. In July, 1840, it was .imperiiiis. nearly ] 2 ft. high, and in isos. p. impcrau.. 67fJ ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. all respects closely resembled a catalpa. It is readily propagated by cuttings of the roots or shoots ; flowers vigorously in any common soil, tolerably dry, and will doubtless speedily become as common as the catalpa throughout Europe. Horticultural Society's Garden. Order LV. LABLVCE^. Ohd. Cmar. Calyx tubular, persistent, 3-cleft or 5 — 10-toothed, regular, or bi- labiate. Coro/Za tubular, bilabiate ; the upper lip undivided or bifid, and the lower one trifid. Stamens 4, didynamous, 2 of which are often sterile, inserted under the sinuses of the lower lip. Lobes of anthers usually divaricated. Ovaria 4, naked, seated on a glandular disk, and connected with the base of the style. Stigmah'AA. Achenia i, or kviev. .^/A«mere wanting, or sparing. — The opposite leaves, free 4-lobed ovarium, bilabiate corolla, and didynamous stamens distinguish this order from ^oragineae ; and the't-lobed ovarium separates it from Ferbenacece and -^canthaceae, &c. {G.Don.) Leaves simple, alternate, exstipulate, evergreen ; small, crowded. Flowers axillary or terminal. — Low shrubs, for the most part so small as to be treated as herbaceous plants ; natives chiefly of the South of Europe. Though there ai'e a number of genera belonging to this order containing species which are technically ligneous, yet there are none that can popularly be considered as shrubs fit for an arboretum, with the exception of Phlorais fi-uticosa, iJosmarinus officinahs, iavandula Spica, and Salvia officinalis ; these plants are so well known, that we consider it unnecessary to do more than give figures of them, with the following slight notices : — Vhlomis fruticosa L (N. Du Ham., 6. t. 40. ; Bot. Mag., t. 1843. ; and owvfig. 1309.), Jerusalem Sage, is a native of Spain, with yellow flowers, appear- ing in June and July. This is a greyish evergreen shrub, growing 4 or 5 feet high, and, in dry soils, enduring 10 or 12 years. The flowers are pro- duced in large whorls, and have a very conspicuous appearance. The plant well merits a place in collections, on account of the remarkable appearance of its foliage, independently altogether of its flowers. IXosmarinus officinalis L. (Fl Grsec, 1. 1. 14, ; and ourji?g. 1310.) is a well-known evergreen shrub, a native of the South of Europe, which has been an inhabitant of our gardens smce lo48. Ihere are plants of it in diflferent gardens in the neighbourhood of London, which, as bushes in the open border, in 5 or 6 years have attained the height of as many feet, and breadth in proportion ; thus forming very handsome evergreen bushes. As the plant flowers from January to April, it forms, when so treated, a very desirable garden ornament. There are, also, a variety with. the leaves variegated with gold colour, and a silvery-leaved variety ; but these are often rither weaker, and more dwarf, than the species. "Lavandula Spica L. (N. Du Ham., 3. t. 42.; and our Jig. 1311 .), the common Lavender, is a well-known fragrant shrub, a native of the South of Europe and North of Africa, which like the rosemary, has been long an inhabitant of British gar- i dens. In deep, dry, calcareous soils, it will grow to the height 1310. A. oHiciiidlis, LVI. TERBENA CEM : Tl TEX. 673 of 3 ft., and form a compact hemispherical bush, flowering abundantly every year The flowers are generally purple, but there is a variety with white flowers; and L. latifolia Ehrh., which is notuncom- mon in gardens, and which has lilac flowers, though treated by some as a spe- cies, is probably nothing more than another variety. H. Salvia officinalis L. (N.DuHam.,6.t.25.;and our_;?g. -1312.) is a well- known sufl^ruticose plant, ( which, though seldom seen above 2 ft. in height, yet, in deep sandy soil, will grow to the height of 5 or 6 feet, and produce a stem as thick as a man's leg. It is a native of the South of Europe, and has been known in British gardens from time imme- morial, and when grown in masses, and abounding in racemes of flowers, it is very ornamental. ].5n. Lavindula Splca. salvia ofliciniiHs. Order LVI. FERBENA^CE^. Obd. Char. Calyx tubular, persistent. Corolla tubular, deciduous, irregular. Stamens 2 or 4 ; when 4, didynamous, rarely equal. Ovarium 2 — 4-ceIled. Style 1. Stigma bifid or undivided. Fruit drupaceous or baccate. Al- bumen wanting or very sparing. {G. Don.) Leaves simple, opposite, stipulate, deciduous ; digitate. Flowers terminal. — Shrubs, deciduous ; natives of the South of Europe. Propagated by seeds, cuttings, or layers, in common soil. Genus I. FPTEX L. The Chaste Tree. Lin. Syst. Didynamia Angiospermia. IdcnUfication. Lin. Gen., No. 790. ; N. Du Ham., 6. p. 11-^^ Syno7iymes. Gatilier, Tt. ; Kcnschbaum, Ger. ; Vitice, Ital, Derivation. From vieo^ to bind, as with an osier ; in reference to the flexibility of the shoots. Gen. Char., ^c. Calyx short, 5-t6othed. Corolla bilabiate ; upper lip bifid, lower one trifid ; middle segment of the lower lip the largest. Stamens 4, didynamous, ascending. Stigma bifid. Drupe containing a 4-celled nut. Cells 1-seeded. Leaves as in the Order. Flowers in terminal racemes, panicled, bluish white. — Shrubs, deciduous, natives of the South of Europe. a, i. V. A'gws ca'stus L- The offianal, or true. Chaste Tree. Identification. Lin. Sp., 890. ; Lam. Diet., 2. p. 611. . , „, , Synonvmes. .BleAgnum Theophrftsti Lob. Icon. 2. 138. ; ^'gnus cSstns Blackw. ; Piper agresiis Gerard ■ Arbre au Poivre, Poivre sauvage, Tr. ; Pepe di Monaci, Ital. Engravings. Blackw. Herb., t. 129. ; N. Du Ham., 6. t. 35. ; and our fig. 1313. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves opposite, digitate, 7 — SJobed : leaflets lanceolate, mostly quite 'entire, hoary beneath. Racemes terminal, panicled. Flowers verticiliate. (Willd.) A low deciduous shrub. Sicily, Naples, the North of X, X 674 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. ]313. F. ^'gnus cdstus. Africa, and Egypt. Height 5 ft. to 6 ft. Introd. 1570. Flowers white, bluish white, or reddish white ; Sept. Variety. * V. A. 2 latifilia Mill. (N. Du Ham., vi. p. 1 16.) has the leaflets broader and shorter than those of the species. The spikes of flowers are shorter, and the flowers are always blue. South of France and Italy. Its flowers have an agreeable odour ; but the leaves have an unpleasant smell, although aromatic. No seeds are produced in England. The plant grows freely in any soil that is tolerably dry; and it is readily propagated by cuttings, put in in autumn, and protected with a hand-glass. In the Paris nurseries it is frequently raised from seeds received from Italy, and both in France and England the plant sometimes produces suckers, as 2. V. (A.) iNCi^SA Lam. The cut-leaved Chaste Tree. Identification. Lam. Diet., 2. p. 612. ; Willd. Sp., 3. p. 392. : N Du Ham., 6. p. 116. Synonyme. V. Negundo Bot. Mag. t. 364. Engravings. Bot. Mag. , t. 364. ; and our Ji^. 1314- Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves digitate, composed of five leaflets, subpinnatifid. {Lam.) A deciduous shrub. China. Height 4 ft. to 5 ft. Introduced in 1738. Flowers bluish, purplish, or whitish ; July to September. This supposed species, though not common in British gardens, is quite hardy in the Jardin des Plantes, where it grows v.'ith great vigour, and flowers profusely. Distin- guished at a glance from the preceding and following species, by its long linear fine deep green leaflets. arbo'rea Eox. The arboreous Chaste Tree. Identijication. Rox. Flor. Ind., vol. 3. p. 73. ; Royle Illust, vol. 1. p. 292. EngraviTigs. Oar fig. \Zlfi. from a living specimen in the Jardin des Plantes. Spec. Char., SfC. Leaves digitate ; leaflets ovate, acuminate, dentate. A large shrub ; in its native country a small tree. India. Height 30 ft. ; in the Paris Garden 5 ft. Introduced ?. Flowers purplish ; July and August. Readily known from the preceding sorts by its much broader leaves, shorter, and of a paler green. According to Royle, this species in the Himalayas yields a hard and durable timber, much used and esteemed. The plant, in the Paris Garden, grows with great vigour, and is quite hardy, but does not flower freely. 1314. V. inclsi. Subdivision II. MONOCHLAMY'DE^. Perianth simple. Order LVII. CHENOPODIA^CE^. Ojid. Char. Perianth deeply divided, and persistent ; aestivation imbricate, Stamens equal in number to the divisions of the perianth, or opposite them. LVII. CHENOPODIA^CE^ : CHENOPO^DIUM. 675 or fewer, inserted in the bottom of the perianth. Ovarium 1-seeded, usually free. Sti/h 2 — 4-cleft, rarely simple. Stigmas undivided. Pericarp mem- branous, valveless, seldom baccate. Embryo inarching a farinaceous albumen , or spiral or forked, without albumen. — Only distinguished from ^maran- thaceae in the insertion of the stamens. (G. Don.) Leaves simple, alternate, or opposit*, exstipulate, deciduous or sub-ever- green ; entire or lobed. Floivers terminal. — Shrubs, natives of the South of Europe and North America. The genera are three, which are thus contradistinguished : — Chenopo^dium L. Flowers hermaphrodite. ^'triplex L. Flowers polygamous. Dio^Tis Schreb. Flowers monoecious. Genus I 1 1 CHENOPO'DIUM L. The Goosefoot. lAn. Syst. Pentandria Dig/nia. Identification. Lin. Gen., 121., but with some modification since. Hynanymes. Salsbla sp."; Anserine, fr. ; Gause Fuss, Ger. ; Chenopodio, Ital. Derivation, From the Greek words chen,'a. goose, and podion, a little foot ; many of the species having lar^e angular leaves extremely like the webbed foot of a waterfowl. Gen, Char., ^c. Flowers bisexual. Calyx inferior, with 5 sepals, permanent. Stamens 5, hypogynous. Anthers with round lobes. Styles 2, Stigmas obtuse. Fruit a utricle, invested by the calyx. (G, Don.) Leaves simple, alternate, stipulate, deciduous or sub-evergreen ; generally lobed, bearing a friable unctuous scurf. Flowers axillary, in leafy spikes or naked panicles, numerous, small, grefin. — Shrubs, deciduous or sub- evergreen ; natives of the South of Europe ; of the easiest culture in any- dry soil, and readily propagated by cuttings. n. 1. C. FRUTico^suK Schrad, The shrubby Goosefoot, or Stonecrop Tree, Identification. Schrader, according to G. Don in Hort. Brit. Synonymes. Salvia fVnticbsa Lin. Sp. PI. 324. ; the shrubby Glasswort ; Sonde en Arbre, Fr. ; straucbartiges Salzkraut, Ger. ; Sopravvivolo legnoso, Ital. Engravings. Eng. Bot., t. 635. ; Flor. Grasc, t.'255. ; and our Jigs. 1316. and 1317. Spec. Char., Sfc. Shrubby, upright, ever- green. Leaves scmicyhndrical, bluntish, imbricate. {Smith,') A low, sub-evergreen, glaucous shrub. South of Europe, and England, on the sea coast. Height 3 ft. to 4 ft. Flowers greenish, axillary ; July and August. Not unworthy of a place in gardens or shrubberies, being sub-evergreen and tolera- bly hardy, remarkable for the glaucous hue of the leaves, and very durable. The branches are very brittle, and apt to break off. 1316. C. &uticj)siiiil. 1317. C. fruticiisuin. 2. C. PARViFO^LiUM R. If S, The small-leaved Goosefoot. Idaitrfication. Rcem. et Schult. Syst. Veg., 6. p. 266. Sunonwnes C. fruticbsum Bieb. in PI. Taiir.-Cauc. 1. p. 181., exclusively of all the synonymes ; C micK)Ph*llum Bieh. in Svppl. to Fl. Taitr.-Cauc. 1. p. 276. ; Salsbla fruticbsa Bieb. Casp. p. 149 Apo No 22 Pall It. 3. p. 624. ; SuaSda microphflla Pall, lllmt. 3. t. 44. l^^raving's. FalL 111., 3. t 44. ; and our.^. 1318. Spec, Char,, ^c. Imperfectly evergreen, frutescent, much-branched, spreading, glabrous, about 2 fi:. high. Leaves tapei-, oblong, obtuse, glaucescent, fleshy ; X X 2 67G ARBORETUM ET mUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. the lower half an inch long, the floral ones shorter. Flowers of the shape of those of C. maritimum, three together, attached to the petiole above its base, not bracteated. The sepals that attend the fruit are equal and convex at the back. (Bieb.) A sub-evergreen shrub, frequent in plains of Eastern •"'^f Caucasus, towards the Caspian Sea, and near the salt river Gorkaja, where it is believed to be dele- terious to horses. Height 3 ft. Introduced in 1825, but very seldom found in collections. 131S. C. parvif6liuiii. Genus II. ^ J ^'TRIPLEX L. The Oracbb. Lin. Si/st. Polygamia Monoecia. Identi/lcation. Lin. Gen., 745. ; Eng. Flor., 4. p. 255. Synonymes, Arroche, Fr. ; Melde, Ger. ; Atriplice, Ital. Derivation, From ater, black ; according to some by antiphraais, in reference fo the whitish, or mealy, hue of the plants. Gen. Char., Sfc. Flowers some bisexual, some female ; those of both kinds upon one plant. — Bisexualfiower with the calyx inferior, and 5 sepals. Stamens 5, hypogynous. Anthers with round lobes. — Female flower with the calyx inferior, deeply divided into two large, flat, equal or nearly equal, lobes. Ovary compressed. Fruit a utricle, invested by the calyx, which is now enlarged. {G. Don.) Leaves simple, alternate or opposite, stipulate, sub-evergreen ; undivided or jagged, bearing a meal-like scurf. Flowers in axillary or terminal spikes, numerous, small, greenish. — Shrubs, subevergreen, natives of Europe, with imperfectly woody branches, and succulent leaves, white or glaucous from being covered with a mealy powder ; of easy culture and propagation in any common garden soil. a » \. A. //a'limus L. The Halimus Orache, or Tree Purslane. Identification. Lin. Hort. CliCE, 469. ; Mill. Diet., No. 2. Synonymes. Halimus latift>lius sive fruticbsus Bank. Fin. 120. ; //&limus i. Clus. Hist. 1. p. 53. ; the broad-leaved Sea Purslane Treej Arroche, Fr.\ strauchartige Melde, Ger. Engravings. Park. Theatr., 724. t. 2. ; Ger. Emac, p. 522. f. 1 . ; and our fig. 1319. Spec. Char,, Sjc. Stem shrubby. Leaves alternate or opposite, their figure partaking of an oblong and a rhomb, entire. (Willd.) A loose, rambling, sub-evergreen, glaucous shrub. Spain, Portugal, Virginia, and Siberia. Height 3 ft. to 6 ft. Introduced in 1640. Flowers small, purplish ; July and August. The young branches are covered with a smooth white bark, which be- comes grey, and peels off" lengthwise, as the tree gets old. The branches are very brittle, and have but little pith. The leaves are soft, white, and silvery. It seldom flowers in Britain. *-~ 2. A. PORTULACoi^DES L. The Purslane-like, or shrubby, Orache, or Sea Purslane. Identification. Lin. Fl. Suoc, 828. 919. ; Eng. Flor., 4. p. 256. 1320. .<. pnrtul«cO\de». LVIII. POLYGONACE^. 677 St/nonj/Tnes. i7Sliraus scciindus Clits. Hist. 54. f. ; H. vulgJiris Ger. Emac. 523. f. ; i/Slimus sou PortulSca marina Satih. Pin. 120. ; ^'triplex marltima, H&limus et PortuUca marina dicta, an- gustifblia, Rati Syn. 153. ; the narrow-leaved Sea Purslane Tree. Engravings. Eng. Bot, t. 231. ; and our^. 1320. Spec. Char., Sfc. Stem shrubby, spreading. Leaves opposite, obovate-Ian- ceolate, entire. Flowers generally unisexual ; those of both sexes upon one plant. {Smith.') A low sub-evergreen shrub, of a silvery glaucous hne. Northern shores of Europe ; and, in Britain and Ireland, occasionally found in muddy places by the sea side. Height 1ft. to 2 ft. Flowers yellow ; July and August. The leaves are less silvery than those of the preceding species ; and the whole plant much smaller. Genus III. DIO^TIS Schreb. The Diotis. Lin. Syst. MonoeVia Tetrandria. Identification. Lin. Gen. PI., cd. Schreber, No. 1423. ; Eng. Flor., 3. p. 402. Synonymes, Ceratoldes Tourn. ; A'xyris hin. j Ceratosp^rmum Pers. Derivation. From dis. twice, and otM, otos. an ear. The calyx of the female flower ends in two segments, which fancy may compare to ears, although they more resemble horns : and this second idea is doubtless that referred to in Toumefort's generic name Ceratoldes, from kerai, a horn, gen. keratoSj and eidos, likeness. Gen. Char., %c. Flowers unisexual. — Male flower with the calyx inferior, and 4 permanent petals. Stamens 4, inserted at the bottom of the calyx ; opposite to, and prominent beyond, the sepals. — Female flower with the calyx inferior, deeply divided, and ending in two horns, permanent. Fruit a utricle, villous at the base. Leaves simple, alternate, exstipulate, deciduous ; lanceolate, entire, bearing hoary pubescence. Flowers in axillary groups, in leafy spikes, yellov/ish. — Shrub, deciduous, native of Siberia and Tartary, of easy culture in any dry soil ; propagated by layers or cuttings inserted in the soil, and covered with a hand-glass. ji 1. D. Ckratoi^des W. The too-horned- calyxed Diotis. Identification. Willd. Sp. PI., 4. p. 368. Synonyines. A'xyris Ceratoldes Lin. Sp. PL 1389. ; Cerato- spermum pappBsum Pers. ; A'xyrisfruticbsa, fl6ribus fcemi- neis lanatis, Gmel. Sib. 3. p. 17. No. 10. t. 2. f. 1. ; Achy- ranthcs pappSsa Forsk. Descr. 48. ; Krascheninniltbvifl! GUldenst. m Act. Fetrop. 16. p. 548. t. 17. i t^rtica ftlUs lanceolatis, foeminlnis hirsiitis, Roy.Lugdb. 210. ; Ceratfildcs orient&lis fruticftsa ZJlffiSgni fblio Tourn. Cor. 52. ; Orien- talisches Doppelohr, Ger. Engravings. Jacq. Ic. Rar., 1. t. 189. ; and our,^. 1321. Spec. Char., Sfc. See Gen. Char. A low deciduous shrub, with recumbent branches. Siberia and Tartary. Height 2 ft. Introduced in 1780. Flowers apetalous, yellow, sweet-scented ; March and April. • ua,, „. c.r.Mides. Okder LVIII. POLYGONA^CEiE. Orb. Char. Perianth divided ; aestivation imbricate. Stamens definite, inserted in the base of the perianth. Ovarium free, 1-seeded. Styles or stigmas numerous. Frtut naked or covered. Albumen mealy. — The erect ovulum and superior radicle separate this order from Phytolacea; and Chenopfideae. (lia Barr. Ic. 221 . ; Passerina Tarion-raira Schrad. ; the oval-leaved Daphne ; Laurgole blanche, Fr. ; Silberbliittriger Seidelbast, Ger. Engravings, Fl. Graeca, t. 354. ; and our.;?^. 1343. Spec. Char., 8[C. Leaves persistent, obovate, nerved, silky, hoary. Flowers sessile, lateral, aggregate, imbricated with scales at the base. ( Vahl Symb.) A branching low evergreen .shrub. South of France. Height 2 ft. to 3 ft. Introduced in 1739. Flowers small, yellowish ; May to July. Remarkable for the smallness and silki- ness of its leaves, and the white appearance of the whole plant ; its branches are weak, irregular, and scarcely ligneous ; it requires a warm dry situation, exposed to the sun, and is therefore very suitable for rockwork. 1343. D. TdrUm-ratrB. B 8. D. (? T.) pube'scens L. pubescent Daphne. The Mer-tijication. Lin. Mant., 66. ; \V.lld. Sp. H., 2. p. 417. , . . Svnonymes. rhvmete^a itAlica, Tartcn-ra.re Gallo-provinclai slmilis, sed perorama „u. D. major Micheli', dted in TiUi Cat. Hort. Pisam j behaarter Seidelbast, Ger. {fT.irah. Y Y 690 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNIC UM. Engravings. Tilli Cat. Hort. Pisani, t. 49. f. 2. ; and our^. 1344. Spec. Char., ^c. .Stems pubescent, simple. Leaves linear-lanceoii^te, almost mucronate, alternate, nearly deciduous. Flowers axillary ; 5, or iewer, in an axil; sessile, narrow, shorter than the leaf; the tube thread-shaped dnd downy. It seems different from D. Thymelse'a, and was found in Austria by Jacquin. (Willd.) Introduced in 1810. n- 9. D. (? T.) T0MENT0~SA Lam. The tomentose Daphne. Identification. Lam. Diet. ; N. Du Ham., 1. p. 26. Synonymes. Passer'ina villbsa hin. \ Laureole cotonneuse Lam. Encyc. 10. Engraving. Our Jig. 1345. from a specimen in the Lambertian herbarium. Spec. Char., Sfc. Flowers sessile, axillary. Leaves oblong- obtuse, covered with tomentum on both sides. (Lam.) A low shrub, very nearly allied to D. Tdrton-raira, but larger in all its parts, and with more obtuse leaves, which are covered with tomentum, instead of a silky down. Asia Minor and the Levant. Height 2 ft. to 3 ft. Introd. 1800. Flowers white ; May. Berries ?. C. Erect. Leaves persistent. Flowers terminal. JO. D. eoLLiS'A Smith. The liill-inhabiting Daphne, or Neapolitan Mezereon. Daphne des Col- Umtification. Smith in Fl. GrKca, t. 359. ; Willd. Sp. PI., 2. p. 423. Synonymes. D. coUina a. Hot. Reg. t. 822., ? D. finxifbha Vahl Synib. 1. p. 29. ; lines, Laureole ^ Feuilles de Santi5, Fr. ; Stumpfblattriger Seidelba.st, Ger. Engravings. Fl. Graeca, t. 369. j Bot. Cab., t. 1348. ; and om Jig. 1347. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves obovate, glabrous and glossy above, and hirsutely villous beneath. Flowers in terminal groups. Calyx externally silkily villous ; its lobes ovate, obtuse. (Wilcstr'om.) An upright, low, evergreen shrub. On low hills, and on the banks of rivers, in the South of Italy. Height 2 ft. to 3 ft. Introduced in 1752. Flowers pinkish ; January to June. Berries ?. Variety/. n. D. c. 2 neapolitiina Lindl. D. neapolitana Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 710., and ourjjg. 1346.— ' Differs from the species chiefly in the want of pubescence on the under surface of the leaves. A very pretty plant originated in a sport from the species, and in cultivation since 1822. Much admired for the fragrance of its purple and white 1346. D. o.neapolithna. floWCrS durlug wlntCr. Grafted plants, grown in a border sheltered from the north by a wall, thrive well ; and form thick bushes, with nearly level heads, covered with flowers. «. 11. 2). (c.) OLEoi^DES i. The Ohve-like Daphne. Identification. Lin. Mant., 66. ; Willd. Sp. PI., 2. p. 423. Synonymes. Chamaedaphnoides cretica Alpin. Exot. 44. t. 43. ; ThymelK^a cretica olea; folio utriusque glabro Tourn. Cor. 41 . ; Daphne salicifblia Lam. Encyct. 3. p. 423. j Laureole a Feuilles d' Olivier, Fr. \ Oelbaumblattriger Seidelbast, Ger. Engravings. Alpin. Exot., t.43. j Bot. Mag., t. 1917. ; Bot. Cab., t. 299. ; and our Jig. 134S. Spec. Char., c^-c. Leaves obovate-lanceolate, terminated with a minute mucro, glabrous upon both sides. Flowers terminal, sessile, a few together, and surrounded by leaves that in some measure involucrate them. (Sot. Mag.) 1347. D. colhna. LX. THYMELA^CE^ : iJA'PHNE. 691 A low evergreen shrub. Crete. Height 2 ft. Introd. 1818. Flowers white during the greater part of the year. It is less showy in its flowers than D. coUina; but is deserving of cultivation from its nearly glossy and pointed leaves, and neat habit of growth. n- 12. D. (c.) SERi'cEA Vahl. The sAkydeaved Daphne. Identification. Vahl Symb., 1. p. !!8. ; Willd. Sp. PI., 2. p. 423. Synonymes. Thymelaa'a cretica oleas folio subtus villoso Tourn. Cor. 41. ; jD&phne oleiefblia La-nt. Encycl. 3. p. 424. : Seidenartiger Seidelbast, Ger. Engraving. Oaxjig. 1349. from a specimen in the Lambertiaa herbarium. Spec. Char., S^c. Leaves lanceolate, bluntish, glabrous above, villous beneath. Flowers ' terminal, aggregate, villous, sessile. Lobes of I the calyx obtuse. It differs from D. (c.) oleoides in its leaves being villous beneath, in the number of its flowers, and in the lobes of + the calyx being oblong. (■fFi/H.) A low ever- i^s. a • Cneo'rum L. The Gailand-flower, or trailing. Daphne. Lin. Sp., 511., Syst., 371. ; Willd. Sp. PI., 2. p. 422. ; Bot. Mag., t. 313. : Lodd. Cat. Thymelee des Alpes, Er. ; wohlriechender Identi/ication. ed. 1836. Synonymes. Cuebrmu Maith. Hist. 46., Cltis. Hist. 89. Seitfelbast, Ger. Engravings. Jacq. Aust., 5, t, 426. ; Bot. Mag., t. 313. ; Bot. Cab., t. 1800. ; and our fig. 1352. Spec. Char., ^c. Evergreen. Stems trailing. Leaves lanceolate, glabrous, raucronate. It flowers twice a year. The flowers are terminal, aggregate, sessile, red upon the upper side, and the groups of them are surrounded by leaves. (Willd.) A trailing evergreen shrub. Switzerland, Hungary, the V Y 2 692 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. Pyrenees, Mount Baldo, Germany, and France. Height 1 ft. Introduced in 1752. Flowers bright pink, sweet-scented; April, and again in Sep- tember. Berries white, small, globose, seldom produced in England. Varieties. , lU D. C. 2 fdliis variegdtis, — The leaves have a narrow portion of yellow at the edges. i^ D. C. 3 flore albo. — Flowers white. The prettiest species of the genus, more especially when grafted 1 or 1 J foot high on X). iaureola. It is also valuable for rockwork, and growing in pots, on account of its dwarf habit, and the beauty and delightful fragrance of its flowers. For ordinary purposes it is propagated by layers, and it thrives best in peat soil kept rather moist. issa. d. cneirum Genus II. DI'RCA L. The Dirca, or Leatber-WOOD. Lin. Syst. Octandria Monogynia. Identification. Lin. Araoen. Arad., 3. p. 12. ; N. Du Ham., vol. iil. p. 193. ; Bot. Reg., t. 292^ Synonymc. ThymelfB^a Gron. Virg. l-'JS. Derivation. From dirhe, a fountain ; the plant growing in watery places. Gen. Char. Calyx inferior, funnel-shaped, ending in 4 — 5 unequal teeth, pale yellow, resembling a corolla. Stamens 8. Styles thread-shaped. Stigma a simple point. Fruit a dry earpel. ( Willd.) Leaves simple, alternate, exstipulate, deciduous ; coriaceous. Flotvers terminal, appearing before the leaves, yellowish. — A shrub of a yellow aspect, and with the habit of a miniature tree ; native of Virginia. Peat soil kept moist ; and it is readily propagated by imported seeds, or by layers. Ji 1. D. PALu'sTRis L. The Marsh Dirca, or Leather-wood. Identification. Lin. Amoen. Acad., 3. p. 12. ; Willd. Sp. PI. 2. p. 424. ; Pursh Sept., 1, p. 268. Synonymes. Moorwood ; Bois de Cuir, Bois de Plomb, Fr. ; Sumpf Lederholz, Ger. Engravings. Lin. Amcen, Acad., 3. t. 1. f. 7.; Bot. Reg., t. 292. J and our J^. 1353. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves lanceolate, oblong, alternate, pale green, villous beneath, and deciduous. (Willd.) Alow deciduous branchy shrub, with the habit of a miniature tree. Virginia. Height 3 ft. to 4 ft. Introduced in 1750, and common in collections of peat-earth shrubs. Flowers yellow ; March. The whole plant has a yellow aspect, and the flowers are of a brighter yellow than the leaves, without the admixture or contrast of any other colour; thus producing a monotonous ap- pearance rare among plants. The flowers are produced while the plant is leafless, and, in England, they are seldom, if ever, followed by seeds. The bud of the shoot of the same year is enclosed in the bud of the inflorescence. The young plants are very liable to be eaten by snails Propagated by layers, which require two yearn to root properly, or by American seed.i. 1353, i).rainsiri«. LXI SANTALA CEM : NY'SS^. 693 Order LXI. SANTALA^CE^. Ord. Char. Perianth superior, 4 — 5-cleft, coloured inside; sestivation valvate. Stamens 4 — 5, opposite the segments of the perianth, and inserted in their bases. Ojjamim inferior, 1-celled, 2 — 4-seeded. Style \. Stigma generally lobed. Fruit 1-seeded, nucunientaceous or drupaceous. Albumen fleshy. Flowers polygamous. (G. Don.) Leaves simple, alternate, exstipulate, deciduous ; entire. Flowers in co- rymbs, pedunculate. — Trees or shrubs, deciduous ; natives of North America and the South of Europe ; propagated by seeds. The hardy species are two, which are thus contradistinguished : — Ny'ss^ L. Flowers polygamous. Stamens 5. OsYRis L. Flowers dioecious. Stamens 3. Genus I. NY'SS^ L. The l!iyssA, or Tupelo Tree. iin. iS«/sf . Polygaraia Dioe'cia ; or, according to Smith in Rees's Cyclopcedia, Decandria Monogynia. Identification. Lin. Gen., 651. ; WUld. Sp. PI., 4. p. 1112. Derivation, From Nyssa. a water nymph so called ; a name given to this plant by Linnaeus, because " it grows in the waters." {Hort. Cl(ffl) Tupelo appears to be an aboriginal name. Gen. Char, Flowers oisexual and male, upon distinct plants, and apetalous. — Bisexual flower o£ the ca\yx, connate. Stamens 5. Ovary ovate. Styles simple. Stigma acute. Fruit a roundish drupe. — Male flower with the calyx 5-parted. Stamens 5 — 1 2. (G. Don.) Leaves simple, alternate, exstipulate, deciduous; oblong or lanceolate, entire. Flowers axillary, peduncled, greenish white. Fridt red, or blackish purple. — Trees, deciduous; natives of North America; requiring moist soil. Several sorts have been described by botanists, probably all referable to two, or at most three, species, viz. N. biflora, N. candicans, and N. tomen- tosa, the last two being very nearly allied. The trees which have flowered in England have, as far as we are aware, only produced male blossoms ; but, to compensate for the want of fruit, the foliage of all the species of the genus dies off of an intensely deep scarlet. The different sorts are almost always raised from American seeds. i 1. N. biflo'ra Michx. The twin-flowered Nyssa, or Tupelo Tree. Identification. Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer., 2. p. 259. ; Willd. Sp. PI., 4. p. 1113. Synonymes. N. aquatica Lin. Sp. PI. 1511. ; N. carolini^na L. ; N. integrif6Ua Ait. IJort. Kew. 3. p.446. ; N". ped6nculis uniflbris Gron. Virg. 121.; Mountain Tupelo Mart. Mill.; Gum Tree, Sour Gum Tree, Peperidge, Amcr. Engravings. Catesb. Car., 1. 1. 41. ; Mich. Arb., t. 22. ; and our.^s. 13.54. and 1355. Leaves ovate-oblong, entire, acute at both ends, glabrous. Female flowers two upon a pe- duncle. Drupe short, obovate ; nut striated. (Michx^ A decidu- ous tree. Virginia and Carolina, in watery places. Height 40 ft. to 45 ft. Introduced in 1739. Flow- ers greenish ; April and May. Fruit black, about the size of a pea, never seen in England. Spec. Char 13M. N. bifldra. In British gardens it does not appear that much pains have ever been taken to encourage the growth Y Y 3 1355. N. bifldra. 694 ARBORETUM ET FRUTJCETUM BRITANNICUM. 1356. N. (b.) ilUbsa. 13S7. N. (b.) liUtea. of this or any other species of Nyssa ; for though there are abundance of plants to be procured in the nurseries, yet there are very few of a tree-like size to be seen in pleasure-grounds. To insure the prosperity of the tree, it ought always to be planted in moist peat, or near water. S 2. N. (b.) villo^sa Michx. The hairy-leaved Nyssa, or Tupelo Tree. Identification. Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer., 2. p. 258.; Willd. Sp. PI., 4. p. 1112.; Pursh Sept., 1. p. 177. Synohymes. N. sylvStica Mich. N. Amer.'Syl. 3. p. 33. ; N. tnultiflbra Wangenh. Amer. 46. t. 16. f. 39. ; N. montana Hmt. ; N. pedflnculis itiultifldris Gron. Virg. 121. ; Sour Gum Tree, Black Gum, Yellow Gum, Amer. ; haariger Tulpelobaum, Ger. Engravings. Michx. N. Amer. Syl., 3. t. 110. ; and omfigs. 1356. and 1357. Spec. Char., S;c. Leaves oblong, entire, acute at both ends ; with the petiole, midrib, and edge villous. Female flowers about three upon a peduncle. Peduncle of female flowers long, and for the most part two-flowered. Nut small, ovate, obtuse, striated. (AficAx.) A deciduous tree. Carolina to Georgia. Height 60 ft. to 70 ft.; in England 10 ft. to 15 ft. Introduced in 1824, "•" and occasionally met with in collections. Flowers green- ish ; April and May. Fruit black, as in the preceding kind. t 3. N. (b.) ca'ndioans Michx. The whitish-/eaj)ec( Nyssa, or Ogechee Lime Tree, Identification. Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer., 2. p. 259. ; Willd. Sp. PI., 4. p. 1113. Synonymes. N. capit^ta Walt., Ait. Hort. Kew., Michx. N. Amer. Syl. 3. p. 43. ; N. coccinea Bar- tram ; Sour Tupelo Tree, Ogechee Lime Tree, Wild Lime ; weisdicher Tulpelobaum, Ger. Engravings. Michx. N. Amer. Syl., 3. t. 113, ; and our fig. 1358, Spec. Char., Sgc. Leaf with the petiole very short, and the disk oblong, wedge-shaped at the base, nearly entire, whitish on the under surface. Female flowers one upon a peduncle. It varies, with its leaves obovate, entire, or rarely subdentate. The male flowers are grouped into little heads. The bracteas attending the female flowers are short ; the calyx of these flowers is tomentose ; its lobes are short. The drupe is oblong. (Michx.) A deciduous tree. Carolina, on the banks ot / rivers, particularly the Ogechee. Height 30 ft. Introduced in 1806. Flowers green- ish yellow ; April and May. Fruit dark blue ; ripe in September. i»8. n. |b.) cSndicans 'i 4. N. (b.) grandidenta'ta Michx. The deeply- toothed-leaved Nyssa, or Large Tupelo Tree. Identification. Michx. N. Amer. Syl., 3. p. 40. Synonymes- N. tomentbsa, and N.angulizans, Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer. 2. p. 2.'i9. ; N. denticuUta Ait. Hort. Kew. 3. p. 446. ; N. angulbsa Pair. ; N. unifli!ira Wangenh. Amer. p. 83. ; Wild Olive, Amer. ; Vir- ginian Water Tupelo, Mart. Mill. Engravings. Catesb. Car., 1. t.60. ; Michx. N. Amer. Sylva, 3. t. U2. ; and our fig. 1359., and fig. 1360. showing the nut. Spec. Char., S^c. Leaf with a long petiole and a disk that is oblong, acuminate, distantly serrate, and invariably toothea 1359 N.(b.)grandidcntita. With a large pointed tooth. Female LXII. £LiEAGNA^CEJE. 695 flowers one upon a peduncle. Bracteas rather longer than the ovary. Lobes of the calyx wedge-shaped. Drupe oblong. (Michx.) A decidu- ous tree. South Carolina and Georgia. Height 70 ft. to 80 ft. ; in England 10 ft. to 12ft. Introduced in 1735. Flowers greenish; April and May. Fruit dark blue ; ripe in September. Genus II. OSYRIS L. The Osyhis, or Poet's Casta. Lin. Si/st. Dioe'cia Triandria. Mentificalion. I,in. Gen. PI. ; Willd. Sp. PI., 4. p. 715. Synonyme. Casia Camer., Lob., Atpin., Gem. Derivatiott. The Osrcris of Pliny and Dioscorides is so named from ozos^ a branch •, from the length and pliability of the branches. Gen, Char, Flowers apetalous, unisexual, at least in effect ; those of the two sexes upon distinct plants. — Male. Flowers borne in lateral racemes, about 3 — 5 in a raceme, and disposed in 1 — 2 pairs, with a terminal odd one. Cah/x spreadingly belt-shaped, 3-parted ; its sestivation valvate. Nectary disk-like, 3-cornered. Stamens 3, arising from the nectary, alternate to its angles, and opposite to the lobes of the calyx. Anthers of 2 separate lobes that open inwards. — Female. Flowers solitary. Calyx urceolate ; its tube connate with the ovary; its limb free, 3-cleft. Style single. Stigmas 3. Fridt globose, fleshy, exteriorly crowned by the limb of the calyx, and the remains of the style. Carpel with crustaceous brittle walls. ( Willd.) Leaves simple, alternate, exstipulate, deciduous or sub-evergreen ; entire, small, linear lanceolate. Flowers white, peduncled. — Shrub, deciduous or sub-evergi-een ; native of South of Europe. ■ ^ 1. O. a'lba L. The whitejlowered Osyris, or Poet's Casia. Identification. Lin. Sp. PI., 1450. ; Willd. Sp. PI., 4. p. 715. Si/nonymes. 0. ib\ns linearibus aciltis La-jl. It. 169. ; O. frutescens baccifera Sauli. Pin. 212. ; CSsia po§tica Monspeliensium Cam. Epit. 26. ; C3sia Latinb. rum Alp. Exot.il. ; C^sia MonspMii dicta Gesn. Epit. 50.; weisse Osyris, Ger. Engravings. Lam. III., t. 802. ; and our,;^. 1361. Spec. Char., S^c. Stem roundish, striated. Leaves alternate, linear-lanceolate, 1 in. long, entire, glabrous. Flowers upon the branchlets, peduncled. {Willd.') A low, spreading, deci- duous or sub-evergreen shrub. Italy, Spain, Montpelier, and Carniola. Height 3 ft. to 4 ft. Introduced in 1793. Flowers white ; July and August. Drupe red, about the size of a pea. The long supple branches of this shrub were formerly used for brushes, and they are still used in making crates, or packing-cases, in the South of Europe. Propagated by seeds, and grown in dry soil, but somewhat difficult to preserve. Order LXII. ELMAG^A'C^M. Ord. Char. Perianth tubular, entire, 2 — 4-lobed, persistent. Stamens 3 — 4 to 8, alternating with the segments. Anthers nearly sessile, introrse. Ovarium free, 1-celled, l-seeded. Style short. Stigma simple, subulate, glandular, or tongue-shaped. Friiit enclosed in the pulpy, persistent, enlarged tube of the perianth. Albumen thin or fleshy. (G. Don.) Leaves simple, alternate or opposite, exstipulate, deciduous; oblong or lanceolate, entire. Flowers axillary. — Shrubs or low trees, deciduous ; Y Y 4 696 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. natives of Europe, Asia, and North America ; propagated by seeds, or cut- tings of the roots, in dry soil. The genera are three, which are thus contradistinguished : — ^l^a'gnus Tourn. Flowers polygamous. Calyx 4-lobed. Stamens 4. 7/ippo'pHAB L. Flowers dicecioiis. Calyx of 2 petals. Stamens 4. Shephe'rd/^ Nutt. Flowers dioecious. Calyx 4-cIeft. Stamens 8. Genus I. .ELvEA'GNUS Tourn. The Eljea'gnus, OLEASTER, or WILD Olive Tree. Lin. Syst. Tetrandria Monogynia. Identification. Tourn. Cor., 61. ; N. Du Ham., 2. p. 87. Synunymes. Chalef, Fr. ; Wilde Oelbaum, Ger. ; Eleagno, ItaL Derivation. " The elaiagnos of Theophrastus was a jjlant with hoary leaves, growing in marshy places in Arcadia, and was probably a species of S^lix, although certainly not S. babyl6nica, as Sprengel has stated it to be. It was named from its resemblance to the elaia, or olive, from which it differed in not bearing fruit. Dioscorides writes ettsagros, v/h'ich means the wild olive; and some botanists have adopted this reading, which is most likely the true one. The plants to which the name £lEe^gtius is now applied are also something like the olive. The French call the Elaiig- nus, chalef; a slight alteration according to Golius, of khaUf, the Arabic name of the willow ; but more probably of kalaf, the Persian name of the .Elseagnus itself." {Lindley in Bot. Reg.. t. 1156.) Oleaster is a Latin word, which is interpreted a wild olive tree; and perhaps it is derived from o^ea, an olive tree, and instar, likeness. Gen. Char., Sfc. Flowers some bisexual, some male only ; both kinds on one plant. — Bisexual flower. Ca/j/if resembhng, internally, a corolla, tu- bular below, bell-shaped above, with a slightly spreading lobed deciduous limb. Lobes mostly 4 ; the tubular part includes the ovary and part of the style, and bears at its mouth a conical crown, through which the style passes. Style long. Stigma clavate, or coiled. Stamens arising from the bottom of the bell-shaped part, shorter than it, alternate with its lobes ; the filaments adnate to it, except at their tip. Ovary oblong. Fruit an acheniura — Male flower. Calyx resembling, internally, a corolla, bell- shaped, with a limb of 4 — 6 — 8 lobes. Stamens of the number of the lobes, otherwise as in the bisexual flower. (G. Don.) Leaves simple, alternate, exstipulate, deciduous; bearing, as does the bark of growing shoots, scales or stars of hairs. Flowers axillary, pediceled. Fruit, in some, edible.^ — Shrubs or low trees, deciduous ; natives of Europe, Asia, and North America; which grow freely in any soil tolerably dry, and are readily propagated by seeds, layers, or cuttings. ¥ \. E. horte'nsis Bieb. The Garden Elaeagnus, Oleaster, or Wild Olive Tree. Identification. Bieb. Fl. Taur. Cauc, p. 113. Synonymes. E. angustifblia /,., Wiltd.Sp. PI. 1. p. 688. ; E. songarica i^'iscA. ; £. inermis Mill. Diet. No. 2. ; E. argenteus Mcench Meth. p. 638. ; E. orient^lis Delisle ; ? E. argentea Wats. Dend. Brit, t. 161. ; Jerusalem Willow ; Olivier de Boh&me, Chalef ^ Feuilles etroites, Fr. ; schmal- blSttriger Oleaster, Ger. ; Albero di Paradise, ItaL Engravings. N. Du Ham., 1. 1. 89. ; Bot. Reg., 1. 1156. ; the plate in Arb. Brit., 1st edit, vol. vii. ; and ourj^s. 1362. and 1363. Spec. Char., S^c. Leaves lanceolate, hoary all over, as are the shoots of the current year, with stars of hairs of a hoary colour. Branches brown and smooth, more or less spiny. Leaves 2 in. to 3 in. long ; upon the upper surface whitish green, and upon the under one very hoary. Flowers 2 or 3 together, axillary, upon short peduncles, fragrant : bisexual flowers 4-cleft, interior of a pale yellow ; male ones 5- or more cleft, interior of a golden yellow. Both are furnished on the exterior with stars of hairs, like the under surface of the leaves. A large deciduous shrub or low tree. South of Europe, in Bohemia, France, Spain, the Levant, Tartary, and various parts of Asiatic Russia. Height 15 ft. to 20 ft. Introduced in 1633. Flowers pale yellow, fragrant ; May. Fruit red brown colour, something like a date ; ripe in October, LXII. £LJJAGNA CE^ : £L^A'GNUS. 697 1362. E. h. anKusUraiia. h. 1 angustifolia Bieb. S. angustifolia L. (fg. 1362.) — Leaves lanceolate, shining. Fruit insipid. This is the most common sort in British gardens. E. h. 2 dactylifoTvas. — Leaves lan- ceolate, shining. Fruit date- shaped, eatable. E. h. 3 orientalis. E orientaUs L. (Pall. Fl. Ross., i. t. 5. ; and our Jig. 1363.) — Branches not spiny. Fruit date-shaped, eatable ; almost as large as that of a jujube, and used in the dessert in Persia, where it is called zinzeyd. The flowers are more fragrant than those of E. h. angustifolia. Horticultural Society's Garden. S E. A. 4 spinosa. E. spinosa L. — Branches spiny. Leaves lanceolate. Fruit insipid. Nepal. Horticultural Society's Garden. The silvery whiteness of the foliage of this tree renders it a most con- spicuous object in plantations ; and hence, in any landscape where it is wished to attract the eye to a particular point, it may be usefully employed. as 2. E. arge'ntea Ph. The stbievy-leaved Elseagnus, or Wild Olive Tree. Identification. Pursh Sept., 1. p. 114. ; Nutt. Gen. Amer., 1. p. 97.; Lodd. Cat., ed. 1836. Synonyme. Missouri Silver Tree, XJ. S.ofN. Amer. ETigraviTig. Our Ji^. 1364. from a dried specimen, which Mr. Shepherd of the Liverpool Botanic Garden received from Mr. Nuttall. Spec. Char., Sfc. Not spiny. Leaves waved, oval-oblong, rather acute, glabrous on both surfaces, and covered with silvery scales. Flowers aggregate, nodding. Sexes apparently dioe- cious. Fruit roundish-ovate, about the size of a small cherry, cartilaginous, covered with silvery scales, having 8 grooves ; the flesh dry, farinaceous, eatable ; the nucule subcylindric, its exterior pai't consisting of a tenacious woolly integument. A bushy deciduous shrub or low tree. Hudson's Bay ; and found on the argillaceous broken banks of the Missouri, near Fort Mandan. Height 8 ft. to 13 ft. Introduced in 1813. Flowers yellow; July and August. 1364. E.argima,. According to Pursh, Shepherdia arg^ntea Niitt. resembles the ^laeagnus argentea Pursh so much, without the fruit, that, in this state, one might easily be mistaken for the other. a E. salidfolia ? D. Don (fg. 1366.) is a species apparently very distinct, and tolerably hardy, of which we have only seen one plant about 3 ft. high, in the arboretum at Kew. It promises to be a most valuable ad- dition to our nearly hardy shrubs. at 'Elesagnus conferta Hort., and our^g.1365. from a living plant in 1365. E. oonftoa the Horticultural So- isoe £, .aUoit6iia. 698 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. ciety's Garden, promises to be hardy ; but the only plants which we have seen are too young to enable us to decide with certainty. Genus II. i^IPPO'PHAE L. The Hippophae, Sea Buckthorn, or Sallowthorn. Lin. St/st. DioeVia Tetrandria. Identification. Lin. Gen., 517., in part. Synonymes. Rhamnoides Tourn. Cor. 53. ; Argoussier, Fr. , Haffdorn, or Sanddom, Ger. ; Ip- pofae, ItaL ; Espino amarillo, Span. Derivation. Hippophaes, or Hippophzces, was the name of a shrub mentioned by Theophrastus and Dioscorides ; and which is supposed to be the same as the hippophyes of Pliny. The derivation is supposed to be from hippos, a horse, and phao, to brighten ; and, as according to the Nouveau Du Hamel the plant was employed by the Greeks as a medicine for horses, it may have been given to them to make their coats sleek and shining, and have thus procured its name. Gen. Char., S;c. Flowers unisexual, dioecious. — Male Jiower. Calyx arched, seeming as if constituted of two leaves connate at the tip. Stamens 4, not extended out of the calyx. — Female flower. Calyx tubular, cloven at the top, including the ovary, and becoming at length succulent. Style short. Stigma long. Frnit a polished achenium, furrowed at one side, with an acid juice. (G. Don.) Leaves simple, alternate, exstipulate, deciduous ; narrow, entire, scaly, and silvery, especially beneath. Flowers axillary, pedunculate, .small. Fruit succulent, eatable. — Shrubs or low trees ; natives of Europe and Asia. Ornamental in British gardens, on account of their grey silky foliage, and of their berries. Propagated by seeds, layers, or suckers, in common soil ; and valuable in scenery as attracting attention by their white aspect, and standing the sea breeze. ¥ ffi 1. i?'. Rhamnoi'des L. The Buckthorn-like Hippophae, Sea Buckthorn, or Sallowtliorn. Identification. Lin. Sp. PI., 1452. ; Smith Eng. Flora, 4. p. 238. ; EnR. Bot., t. 425. SynonyTnes. Rhamnoides florifera s&licis fftlio Tourn. Cor. 53. ; Rhamnoides fructifera Rati Syn. 445. ; Argoussier fauK Nerprun, Fr. ; Weidenblattriger Sanddom, Ger. ; in the Alps of Swit- zerland it is called Arve, or Saule ^ineux. Engravings. Eng. Bot., t. 426. ; Fl. Dan., t. 266. ; N. Du Ham., 6. t. 80. ; and our fig. 1367. Spec. Char., Sfc. Branches each ending in a spine. Leaves linear-lanceolate, mostly blunt- ish, dark green, and minutely dotted, not scaly on the upper side ; silvery as well as scaly on the under one. (^Stnith.) A low deciduous tree or large shrub. Europe, on ■ sandy sea coasts ; in England, in various places on the east and south-east coast ; but not in Scotland. Height 15 ft. to 20 ft. Flowers yellow ; May. Berries bright orange-co- loured, and produced in great abundance ; ripe in September, and remaining on the tree as long as the leaves, and frequently till the following spring. Varieties. S a H. iJ. 2 (zngtMfe/o/MsLodd. Cat. ed. 1836. (The plate of this tree in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. vii. ; and onvfig. 1368., of 1357. „. Rhamnoides. the female sex.) — The leaves are obvi- ously more narrow than those of the species ; the young branches are pendulous ; and the tree is highly ornamental, more especially when in fruit. LXII. £L^AGNA CE^ : iflPPO'PHAE. 699 linjiiean Society* s Indian Herbarium^' 1363. H. R anga-itifblia. ^ ^ H. iJ. 3 siUrica. H. siblrica Lodd. Cat. ed. 1836. — Appears to differ very little, if at all, from the species. In British nurseries, plants are commonly increased by suckers, which are produced in abundance ; and a deep sandy soil is suitable for growing the plant to a large size. It may be planted in elevated and exposed situations, and on the sea coast, where few other trees will grow. t Sk 2. H. SALiciFoXiA D. Don. The Willow-leaved Hippophae, Sea BucJc- thorn, or Sallowthorn. Identification. Don Prod. Fl. Nep , p. 68. SynonyTne. H. conferta Wall, in MSS. qf the Catalogue oftheL\ Boyle's Illust. p. 323. Engraving. Our fig. 1369. from a living specimen. Spec. Char., Sfc. Without thorns, up- right, branched. Leaves lanceolate, obtuse, whitely tomentose, as are the branchlets. A large deciduous shrub or low tree. Sirinagur, in Nepal. Height ]5ft. to 20 ft. Introduced in 1822. Flowers and fruit as in H. Rham- noides. A much more robust species than H. Rhamnoides, though probably more liable to be injured by frost. The shoots produced in one season, from a plant cut down, are 3 or 6 feet in length, and the leaves about twice the length of those of the common species, much less silvery, and closely resembling those of 5alix viminalis. The aspect of this species is less white than that of i7. Rhamnoides. I3G9. 0. M. a. nana Hort. Brit. — A shrub, seldom exceeding 10 ft. high. Other Varieties. All the above sorts are in the arboretum, of Messrs. Loddiges ; but in the catalogues of foreign nurserymen there are several other names, most of which will be found enumerated and described in our 1st edition, including M. constantinopolitana Poir. (M. byzantina Sieb.), which we believe to be nothing more than a rather distinct variety of ilf. alba. 1382. ^6niatllba. The white mulberry is readily distinguished from the black, even in winter, by its more numerous, slender, upright-growing, and white-barked shoots. It is a tree of much more rapid growth than M. nigra, and its leaves are not only less rough and more succulent, but they contain more of the glutinous milky substance resembling caoutchouc, which gives tenacity to the silk pro- duced by the worms fed on them. The rate of growth of young plants is much more rapid than that of M. nigra ; plants cut down producing shoots 4 or 5 feet long in one season ; the tree attaining the height of 20 ft. in fiVe or six years ; and, when full grown, reaching to 30 or 40 feet. Its duration is not so great as that of M. nigra. The white mulberry is more tender than LXV. ARTOCA RPEffi : MO RUS. 709 iVforus nigra, and requires more care in choosing a situation for it. Calcare- ous soil is said to produce the best sillc ; and humid situations, or where the roots of the tree can have access to water, the worst. A gravelly or sandy loam is very suitable ; and trees grown on hilly surfaces, and poor soils, always produce superior silk to those grown in valleys, and in rich soils. The tree is propagated by seeds (sown as soon as they are gathered), cuttings, layers, and grafting. S 3. M. (a.) tata'rica Pall. The Tartarian Mulberry Tree. MmtiJicaUon. Pall. Fl. Ross., 2. p. 9. t. 52. ; Lin. Sp. PI., 1399. ; Willd. Sp. PI., 4. p. 369. Engravings. Pall. Fl. Ross., 2. t 52. ; and onr fig. 1383. ; both sprigs taken from one tree. Spec. Char., S;c. Leaves with a shallow scallop at the base, and either heart-shaped, ovate, or lobed ; serrated witli equal teeth, smooth ; the projecting portions beside the sinus equal. {Willd.) A tree re- sembling M. alba L., and perhaps only a geographical variety of that species. On the banks of the rivers Wolga and Tanais, or Don. Height 20 ft. Introduced in 1784. Flowers greenishwhite; June. Fruit reddish or pale, of no good flavour, though it is eaten raw in Tartary, as well as dried, or made into a sweetmeat ; ripe in September. S 4. M. RU BRA L. The red-fruited Mulberry Tree. Mentiflcation. Lin. Sp. PI., 1399. ; Pursh Sept. 13S5. M. (a.) tat^ca. N. Du Ham., 4. p. 91. 1384- Xi}rvs xhhta, z z 3 710 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. Synonymcs. M. virginica Ptuk. Aim. p. 253. ; M, pennsj^lvanica Nois. Arb. Fruit. Engravings. Wangenh. Amer., t. 15. i. 35, ; the plate in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. vii. ; and oar fig. 1384. Spec. Char., Sfc. Sexes polygamous or dioecious. Spikes of female flowers cylindrical. Catkins of male flowers of the length of those of .Setula alba L. Leaves heart-shaped, ovate, acuminate, 3-lobed or palmate ; serrated with equal teeth, rough, somewhat villous ; under surface very tomentose, and, in consequence, soft. ( Willd.) A deciduous tree. Canada to Florida. Height 40 ft. to. 70 ft. Introduced in 1629. Flowers greenish yellow; July. Fruit long, red, and pleasantly tasted ; ripe in September. Vwieti/. 1" M. r. 2 scdbra. M. scabra Willd., Nutt. ; M. canadensis Pair. Lam, Diet. 4. p. 380. — Leaves rough on both surfaces. Horti- cultural Society's Gardens. Very distinct from any of the preceding species, in the spi^eading umbel- liferous appearance of the branches, and the flat, heart-shaped, very rough- surfaced leaves, which are almost always entire, but which, nevertheless, are occasionally found as much lobed and cut as those of any other of the genus. As a tree ornamental from its very singular form, it deserves a place in every pleasure-ground ; and it is particularly adapted for giving interest to the scenery of a suburban garden. Genus II. BROUSSONE'T/4 Vent. The Broussonetia. Lin. Syst. Dice'cia. Tetrandria. Identificatirm. Vent. Tabl. du RSgne Veget., 3. p. 547. ; Willd. Sp. PI., 4. p. 743. Synonymes. Mhx\xi Stba KEempf., Lin. ; Papjrus Encye. Bat. 5. p. 5., Lam. 111. Gen. t. 762. Derivation. Named in honour of P. N. V. m'oussonett a French naturalist, who wrote numerous works on natural history. Gen. Char. Flowers unisexual, dioecious. — Male flowers in pendulous cylindrical catkins ; each flower in the axil of a bractea. Calyx shortly tubular, then 4-parted. Stamens 4, elastic. — Female flowers in peduncled, axillary, up- right, globular heads. Calyx tubular, its tip with .3—4 teeth. Style lateral. Stigma taper. Fruit club-shaped, consisting of the integument in which the ovary was enclosed, and now become very juicy; and of a 1-seeded oval utricle, with a crustaceous integument, and enclosed within the juicy inte- gument. {G. Don.) Leaves simple, alternate, exstipulate, deciduous ; lobed variously or en- tire, hairy, large. Flowers greenish, axillary. — Tree, deciduous ; native of Japan and the Pacific Isles ; culture as in the mulberry. Si 1. B. papyri'fbra Vent. The Paper-bearing Broussonetia, or Paper Mulberry. Identification. Vent. Tabl. du Eigne Vfeget., 3. p. 647. i Willd. Sp. PI., 4. p. 743. Synonyme. itfbrus papyrifera Lin. Sp. PL 1399. T/te Sexes. Both the rnale and female plants are in the Horticultural Society's Garden, and in the arboretum of Messrs. Loddiges. Engravings. N. Du Ham., 2. t. 7. ; the plate in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. vii. ; and our fig. 13?5. Spec. Char., S^c. See Gen. Char. A deciduous low tree or large shrub. China, Japan, and the South Sea Islands. Height 10 ft. to 20 ft. Intro- duced in 1751. Flowers greenish white ; May. Fruit oblong, dark scarlet, and sweet, but rather insipid ; ripe in August. Varieties. a B.p.^ cucullata. B. cucullata Bon ,7ard. 1833 p. 919. ; B. spatulata Hort. Brit. ; B. navicularis Lodd. Cai. ed. 1836. — A sport, found oa Lxv. artoca'rpe^ : MACLU RX 711 1385. B- papyrifera' S male plant in the Jardin des Plantes, which has its leaves curved upwards, like the hood of a Capuchin, or the sides of a boat. ^ B. p. S fructu dlbo. — Fruit white. A very singular tree, from the great variation in the form of its leaves, and also from its flowers and fruit. In general aspect it has the appearance of a mulberry, but it is less hardy than the species of that genus. Genus III. MACLU'R/1 Nutt. The Macluba. Lin. Syst. Dioe'cia Tetrandria. Identification. Nutt. Gen. N. Amer. Plants, 2. p. 233. ; Lindl. Nat. Syst. of Bot., p. 178. Synonyme. T6xylon Rafinesque in 1817, Gard. Mag. vol. viii. p. 247. Derivation. Named by Nuttall, in honour of William Maclvre, Esq., of the United States ; an eminent natural philosopher. Gen. Char. Flowers unisexual, dioecious. — Male flowers in a racemose panicle. Calyx 4-parted. Stam'ens 4, or 3. — Female flowers closely aggregate upon an axis, and forming a globular head that is borne upon a short axillary pe- duncle. Calyx oblong, urceolar, apparently with 4 lobes at the tip. Style thread-shaped, downy, protruded nearly an inch beyond the calyx. Fruit an achenium about -| in. long, compressed, with the tip blunt. (G. Don.) Leaves simple, alternate, exstipulate, deciduous ; ovate, entire. Flowers small, yellow. — Tree, deciduous ; native of North America ; with a fruit as large as an orange, and when ripe of the same colour ; propagated by layers, cuttings of the roots, or grafting on the common mulberry. 1 1. M. AURANTI^ACA Nutt. The OvsngeAjke-fruited Madura, or Identification. Nutt. Gen. N. Amer. P!., 2. p. 234. Synonymes. Bow-wood, Yellow Wood, N. Amer. The Sexes. Both male and female plants are in the Horticultural Society's Garden, and in the Hackney arboretum. Engravings. Appendix to Lambert's Monog. on the Genus Pinus, 2. p. 32. ; and our fig. 1386. in which a is the female flower, and b the male ; the fruit is figured of the nat. size in our Ist edit. Spec. Char. See Gen. Char. , A deciduous widely spreading tree, with spiny branches. In the Arkansas, and on the banks of the Red River, on deep .2 z 4 712 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. fertile soils. Height 30 ft. to 60 ft. Introduced in 1818. Flowers yellowish green ; June. Fruit resembling a large Seville orange ; ripe in October. Neither flowers nor fruit have yet been produced in England. The leaves are ovate acuminate, of a bright shining green, broad, with a cuspidate point, 3 or 3^ inches long, and about 2 in. broad. The petiole is often 1 in. long. The spines are simple, rather strong, about 1 in. in length, and produced in tiie axils of the leaves. The fruit, when ripe, is of a golden colour, and on the tree has a splendid appear- ance ; but, though eatable, it does not appear to be any where used for human food. The wood is of a bright yellow, very fine-grained, elastic, and on that account used by the southern tribes of the American Indians for bows. 1386. M. auraatiaca. Genus IV. M'CUS Town. The Fig Tree. Lin. Si/si. Polygamia Dioe'cia. Identification. Tourn. ; T. Nees-ab Esenbeck Gen. PI. Fl. Germ., fasc. 3. ; "Willd. Sp. PI., 4. p. 1131. Synonymes. Figuier, Fr. ; Feigenbaum, Ger. ; Fico, Ital. Derivation. Some derive Ficvis from ^cecundus^ on account of its abundant bearing ; and others from sukos (Greek), or fag (Hebrew), the names for the fig tree in those languages. Ihe fig tree has nearly the same name in all the European languages. Gen. Char. Flowers monoecious, inserted upon the interior surface of a hol- low globular or pear-shaped fleshy receptacle, in whose tip is an orifice closed with small scales ; those in the upper part male, the rest female. — Male flowers. Calyx 3-parted. Stamens 3. — Female flowers'. Calyx 5-cleft. Stigmas 2. Fruit a utricle. (G. Don.) Leaves simple, alternate, stipulate, deciduous; lobed. Stipules large, con- volute. Flowers within the fruit. — Tree, deciduous ; native of the South of Europe and Asia ; sap milky; cuttings in good soil. i^ }. F. Ca'rica L. The common Fig Tree. Identification. Lin. Sp., 1513. ; Willd. Sp., 4. p. 1131. ; N. Du Ham., 4. p. 198. Synonymes. F. commOniB Bauh. Fin. 457. ; F. hiimilis and F. sylvestris Tourn. Inst. 663. ; Fi- guier commun, Fr. ; gemeine Feigenbaum, Ger. Engravings. N. Du Ham., t. 53. ; the plate of this tree in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. vii. ; and our fie- 1387. Spec. Char., S^c. Leaves palmate and subtrilobate ; rough above, pubescent beneath. {Willd.) A low deciduous tree. Asia, on the sea coast. Height 15 ft. to 30 ft. Cultivated in Britain from time immemorial.; and ripening its fruit against walls, in the climate of London, in the month of September. Varieties. Botanically, the common fig may be considered as existing in three diiferent states: — 1. Wild, in which the leaves are comparatively small, and not much cut ; and the fruit small, and sometimes blue and sometimes white. 2. Cultivated, with very large leaves, very deeply cut, such as the Blue Ischia and the Brunswick fig, and other sorts ; the fruit of some of which is white, and of others dark. 3. Cultivated, with very large leaves, not much cut, as the White Marseilles fig, and others with fruit of different colours. Those who are disposed to go farther may form three subvarieties under each of these heads, according as the fruit is blue or black, red or purple, yellow, white, or green. The garden varieties are very numerous ; LXV. ARTOCA EPE^ : BO RY^. 713 1587. Fjcas C&rjca. for which, and their treatment, see the Encyc. of Gard., and the Suburban Horticulturist. Genus V. BO'RYif W. The Borta. Lin. St/st. Dice'cia Di-Triandria. Identification. Willd. Sp. PI., 4. p. 711. ; Ait. Hort. Kew., ed. 2., vol 5. Symmymes. Ad^lia Michx, FL Ear. Amer. 2. p. 223. ; Bigeibvm Smith in Rees'a Cvclop. Addenda, Derivation. Named in honour of Bori/ de St. yincent, who visited the Mauritius and the Isle of Bourbon, to examine their botany. Smith, in Rees's CyclopiEdia, objects to the name of B5rya being applied to this genus, b^ause La Eillardi^re had previously given the same name to another genus ; and he suggests the .substitution of the name of Bigel5via, in commemoration of Dr. Bigelow of Boston, author of the Ftorula BostoniensiSy and of the American Medical Botany. Gen. Char., ^c. i^/owe?'* unisexual, dioecious. — Male flowers. Cffl^.r minute, in 4 deep segments. Stamens 2 — 3. — Female flowers. Calyx infeiior, in i deep segments, deciduous. Style short. Stigma capitate, depressed. Fruit pulpy, oval, oblong. {G. Don.) Leaves simple, opposite, or nearly so, exstipulate, deciduous ; entire. Flowers axillary, fascicled, bracteated, minute Shrubs, deciduous, natives of North America, with the aspect of the common privet. Propagated by cuttings, and quite hardy. S ]. B. iiGu'sTRiNA Willd. The Privet-like Borya. Identification. Willd. Sp. PI., 4. p. 711. ; Ait. Hort. Kew., ed. 2., vol. 5. Synonymes. Ad&lia /igCistrina Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer. 2. p. 224. ; Bigeldvia Zigtistrina Smith in Bees's Cyclop. Addenda. The Sexes. The plants bearing this name in Loddiges's arboretum have not yet flowered. Engraving. Onrjig. 1388. from a living specimen. Spec. Char., SiC. In habit and leaves somewhat resembling iigustrum vul- gare L. Leaves with very short petioles, and disks that are lanceolate- oblong, entire, somewhat membranous. Fruit rather shortly ovate. (Michx.) An erect deciduous shrub. North America, in thickets about rivers, in the countries of the Illinois, Tennessee, &c. Height 5ft. to 10ft. Introd. 1812. Flowers greenish ; July and August. 714 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. 1388. B. rigHstTina. Apparently a fit associate for Ligustnum, Fontanesia, and Prinos. as 2. B. (? L.) ACUMINATA WUtcl. The acuminate- leaved Borya. Identification. Willd. Sp. PI., 4. p. 711. ; Ait. Hort. Kew,, ed. 2., vol, 5. Synonymes. Adfilia acuminata Michx, Fl. Bor. Atner. 2. p. 226. t. 48. ; BigelLivi'a acuitiinJita Smith in Rees's Cyclop. Addenda. The Sexes. Uncertain whicli is in England. Engravings. Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer., 2. t. 28. ; and oirefig. 1389. Spec. Char., Spc. Leaves mem- branous, lanceolate in almost a rhombic manner ; but most tapered to the outward end ; ]J in. long, serrulate. Male flowers several together in small sessile tufts, encompassed with several ovate bracteas. Fe- male flowers stalked, very small. Fruit pendulous, elliptic-oblong, nearly 1 in. long before it is ripe, tapered to the tip in a beak-like manner. It appears that the taper'lateral branches form something like thorns. (^Michx.) Carolina and Georgia. An erect shrub, on the banks of rivers. Height 3 ft. to 10 ft. Introd. 1812. Flowers greenish. The only diiFerence which we can observe between B. acuminata and B. /igustrina is, that the former has the leaves of a paler green, and much larger. The plant bears a general resemblance to a privet, or a large Persian lilac. a 3. B. (l.) porulo~sa Willd. The Vort-like-dotted-leaved Borya. Identification. Willd. Sp. PI., 4. p. 711. ; Ait. Hort. Kew., ed. 2., vol. 5. Synonymes. Ad&lia porulbsa Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer. 2. p. 224. ; Bigelt>vja porulbsa Smith in Rees's Cyclop. Addenda ; ? B. ovSta Lodd. Cat. ed. 183G. The Sexes. Uncertain which is in England. Engravings. Our fig. 1390. from a specimen in the British Museum, 3.ndfig. 1391. from a specimen in Sir W. J. Hooker's herbarium. Sj)ec. Char., S;c. Leaves coriaceous, sessile, lanceolately ovate, but with a blunt point, entire ; the lateral edges revolute ; under surface rather rusty, and punctured with little holes. {Michx.) A shrub, like the preceding kinds. Georgia and Florida. Introduced in 1806. The plants in the collection of Messrs. Loddiges differ from B. /igustrina chiefly in i39o.B.K.ipon.i6.a. the Icaves being shorter. I,39,. b. (i.| poruissa. 13S9. B. (?^)acuminita. Order LXVI. i7LMA^CE^. Ord. Char. Flowers pedicellate, hermaphrodite or polj'gamou.s, collected into loose small heads. Perianth free, 5-lobed. Stamens 5, opposite the lobes. Ovarium solitary. Stigmas 2. Fruit indehiscent, 2-celled, membranous, com- pressed, winged. iSeerf solitary in the cells, pendulous. Albumen none. (G. Don.) Leaves simple, alternate, stipulate, deciduous ; serrated or entire. Flowers axillary, on short peduncles, small. — Trees, deciduous, chiefly of large size ; natives of Europe, Asia, and America ; included in three genera, which are thus contradistinguished : — Lxvi. ulma'ceje : u'lmvs. 715 CT'lhus L. Flowers polygamous. Fruit a saniava. Pla'ner^ Gmelin. Flowers polygamous. Fruit Ary. Ce'ltis Toum. Flowers polygamous. Fruit a drupe. Genus I. ZJ'LMUS L. The Elm. Lin. Syst. Pentandi-ia Digyliia. Identification. Lin. Gen., 123. ; Sm. Engl. Fl., 2. p. 1, 2. and 19. Synonymes. Orme, Fr. ; Ulm, or Ruster, Ger. ; Olmo, Ital. Derivation. t7'lraus is supposed to be derived from tire Saxon word elm. or ulm ; a name which Ls applied, with very slight alterations, to this tree, in all the dialects of the Celtic tongue. Ulm is still one of the German names for the elm ; and the city of Ulm is said to derive its name from the great number of elm trees that are growing near it. There are above forty places in England mentioned in the Doomsdat/Sook, which talte their names from that of the elm ; such as fiarn Elms, Nine Elms, &c. Gen. Char., S^c. Flowers in lateral groups, proceeding from peculiar buds, and protruded before the leaves ; bisexual ; monoecious. Calyx reddish, distinct from the ovary, top-shaped or bell-shaped, of one piece, but having 5 or 4 — 8 segments, which imbricate in aestivation ; remaining until the fruit falls. Stamens as many as the segments. Style short or wanting. Stigmas 2, acuminate. Fruit a samara, with a membranous wing. (G. Don.) Leaves simple, alternate, stipulate, deciduous ; serrate, feather-nerved, harsh to the touch, generally unequal at the base. Flowers small, whitish or reddish. Decaying leaves rich yellow. — Trees, deciduous; natives of Europe, Asia, and North America. The species are propagated by seeds, and the varieties by grafting. The elm is remarkable for the aptitude of the different species to vary from seed ; so much so that it is extremely difficult to say, in this genus, which are species and which are varieties ; or even to what species the varieties belong. To us it appears, that there are only two British sorts which are truly distinct ; viz. U. campestris and U. montana. U. americana, and, perhaps, some other of the American species may also be distinct. Great attention has been paid to this genus by Mr. Blasters of Canterbury, who has raised many sorts, both from American and European seeds, and whose collection will be found described in the 1st edition of this work, and in the Gard. Mag. vol. xiii. p. 28. U. glabra and U. major seem intermediate between U. campestris and U. montana. U. effusa appears very distinct ; but is probably only a variety of U. campestris. Of all the numerous varieties which may be pro- cured in British nurseries, the best kinds for cultivation for their timber appear to be, the Huntingdon elm (U. m. glabra vegeta), and the Wych elm ( fj. montana) ; and for ornament the weeping elm ( J/, montana pendula), the sub-evergreen elm (iJ. campestris virens), and the twiggy elm (^U. cam- pestris viminalis). The sucker-bearing elms are chiefly the varieties of U. campestris, and these seldom produce seeds; but U. montana, and U. m. glabra, and their varieties, which never throw up suckers, produce seeds in the greatest abundance every year. U. campestris does indeed produce seeds occasionally, though rarely, in England ;' and the U. u. viminalis is a British seedling, raised by Mr. Masters. In France, U. campestris ripens seeds much more freely, and these have given rise, in that country, to innumerable varieties. The whole genus, it will readily be conceived, is in a state of great confusion. See Arb. Brit., 1st edit., p. 1409. J 1. U. campe'stris L. The English, field, or common small-leaved, Elm. Identification. Lin. Sp. PI., 327. ; Sm. Engl. Fl., 2. p. 20. ^ ,.„ „ ,, „ . Synonymes. i/'lmus AliTAa. Pliny Nat. Hist. lib. 16. cap. 17. and hb. 17. cap. 11. ; U. minor, foho angusto scabro, Ger. .Emac. 1480. t. ; Olmo pyramidale, /toi. . , „, Engravings. Engl. Bot., 1. 1886. ; N. Du Ham., 2. t. 42. ; the plates in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. vil. ; and ourj^. 1394. 716 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. Spec. Char., S^c. Leaves doubly serrated, rough. Flowers nearly sessile, 4-cleft. Samara oblong, deeply cloven, glabrous. {Smith.') A large deciduous tree. England, France, and the warmer parts of Europe. Height 60 ft. to 80 ft. Flovfers k'ownish ; March and April. Samara yellow ; ripe in May. Varieties. A. Timber Trees. 'i U. u. 1 vulgaris. U. campestris Hort. Dur. — Very twiggy ; pale smooth bark ; of irregular growth in some plants, with almost hori- zontal branches, where no others are near to force the shoots up- wards. In some soils, it is very subject to decay at the joints. The bark is leaden-coloured while young, splitting into long thin strips with age. A bad variety to cultivate for timber. t U. c. 2 latifolia Hort. — Leaves broader than in the species, and ex- panding very early in spring. f U. c. S alba Masters. — Of upright growth. The old bark cracks in irregular long pieces, and becomes very pale with age. Shoots with the bark tinged with red, and the footstalks of the leaves quite red. Leaves shining, and doubly and deeply serrated, bearing a very near resemblance to those of U. effusa. A valuable timber tree. ¥ U. C-. 4 acutifolia Masters. — Growth, during its early stages, very like the last, but stronger. The leaves, in old specimens, more tapering, and the branches more pendulous. Bark hke the last. This appears very common in some parts of Essex, Suffolk, and Norfolk. Also a good timber tree. t JJ. c. 5 striata Hort. Dur. Red English Elm. — One of the most valuable timber trees of the small-leaved kinds. Growth very rigid. The timber is excellent ; and the tree forms poles of equal diameter throughout. 1" U. e. 6 virem Hort. Dur. Kidbrook Elm. — Almost evergreen in a mild winter ; and, as such, is the most ornamental tree of the genus. It must not, however, be depended upon as a timber tree, because, in some autumns, the frost kills the shoots. The bark is red, and the tree of spreading habit. This, like the last-mentioned kind, grows well upon chalk. ¥ U. c. 7 cornubiensis Hort. U. stricta Lindl. Synop. p. 227., Lodd. Cat. ed. 1836; the Cornish Elm. — An upright-branched tree ; the trunk and branches, when young, having a somewhat flexuose appearance, which disappears as it grows old. The leaves are small, strongly veined, and coriaceous. Branches bright brown, smooth when young, and very compact. This variety, in the chmate of London, is a week or fortnight later in coming into leaf than the common elm, from which, and from all the other varieties, it is readily distin- guished by the bark of oM trees, which never scales off, but tears as undei', exhibiting its fibrous construction, in the manner of the bark of the sweet chestnut. There are many fine trees of this va- riety in Kensington Gardens. ¥ U. c. Ssarniensis. U. sarniensis Lodd. Cat. 1836 ; the Jersey Elm. — A free-growing variety, differing very little from the species. ¥ U. c. 9 tortubsa. U. tortuosa Lodd. Cat. 1836 ; ? Orme tortillard, Fr. ; the twisted Elm. — The wood of the tortuous parts of the trunk is valuable for the naves of wheels, and is much used for that purpose in France. It is the only elm which grows freely by cut- tings, and is generally so propagated in the French nurseries. See Arb. Brit., 1st edit., p. 1379. B. Ornamental or curious Trees. t v. e. lOfiliis variegdtis Lodd. Cat. ed. 1836. — This variety, which LXVI. C7LMA CE^ : U LMUS. 717 1836. — Leaves paxvifblia* majr be called the silver-leaved elm, has the leaves striped with white, ancij in spring, is very ornamental. ■? U. t. 11 hetukefolia. U. Aetulffifolia Lodd. Cat. ed. __somewhat resembling those of the common birch. * U. c. 12 mnindlis Hort. Dm-, p. 66. U. viminalis Lodd. Cat. ed. 1836. (The plate in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. vii.) — Small leaves, and numerous slender twig-like branches. It is a very distinct and elegant variety ; and easily recognised, either in summer or winter Raised, in 1817, by Mr. Masters. f U. c. 13 parvifolia. U. parvifolia Jac. PI. Ear. Hort. Schoenbr. iii. p. 261. t. 262. ; U. microphyllaPer-s.; U. piimila var./3(transbai- caMnsis) Pall. Ross. i. p. 76. t. 48.; U. piimila , Willd.Sp.Pl. i. p. 1326.; U. p. foliis parvis, &c. Plvk. Aim. Tp. 293.; C/. hiimilis jEjiam. Stirp. Ruth. p. 180. No. 260. (Our/g. 1392.)— . A tree, according to Pallas, who mentions several varieties of it, very common in all the woods of the South of Russia, and vary- ing in height from that of a middle-sized tree to that of a diminutive shrub, according to the soil and climate in which it grows. '<^ V. c. 14-plamfdlia. U. plamfoMa Hort. (The plate of this tree in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. vii.) — A handsome small tree, closely resembling the preceding variety. * U. c. 15 chinensis. U. chinensis Pers. i. p. 291. No. 9., Rcem. et Schult. Syst. Veg. vi. p. 303. ; The de I'Abbe Gallois, Orme nain, Fr. ; (Our Jig. 1393.) — A low bush, introduced from China, but when is uncertain. Rather tender. Horticultural Society's Garden. ■^ U. c. 16 cuculldta Hort. — Leaves curiously curved, something like a hood. Hort. Soc. Garden. t tJ. c. 17 concavcefolia Hort. — Resembles the preceding kind. Hort. Soc. Garden. ¥ U. c. 18 film aureis Hort. — Leaves variegated with yellow. S U. c. 19 nana Hort. — A very distinct variety, said not to grow above 2 ft. high in ten or twelve years, Hort. Society's Garden. Other Varieties. In Messrs. Loddiges's Catalogue, eA. 1836, \J . c. filiis maculdtis, V.dubia, U. viscosa, and some others, are enumerated, and in our first edition twelve French varieties 1393. [Ti are described, to which might be added, the Orme peduncule of the French, which appears to be our i7'lraus eiFusa, though we have doubts on this subject. The common English elm is, perhaps, more frequently to be found in the parks and pleasure-grounds of the English nobility and gentry, than any other tree, except the oak. It is of a tall upright habit of growth, with a straight trunk, 4 or 5 feet in diameter when fully grown, and attaining the height of 60 or 70 feet or upwards. The wood loses a great deal in drying : weighing, when green, nearly 701b. the cubic foot; and, when dry, not more than 48J lb. It is of a brownish colour, and is hard and fine-grained. It possesses greater lateral adhesion, and less longitudinal toughness, than that of U. montana, and, consequently, does not crack so much as that sort in drying. In ship-building it is valuable for forming the blocks and dead eyes, and other wooden furniture of rigging, being particularly suitable for these purposes, from its hard and adhesive nature, and indisposition to crack or split when 718 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNJCUM. 1394. V. camp^stris. exposed to sun or weather. The great use of the English elm, however, in ship-building, is for keels. In light land, especially if it be rich, the growth of the tree is very rapid; but its wood is light, porous, and of little value compared with that grown upon strong land, which is of a closer stronger texture, and at the heart will have the colour, and almost the hardness and heaviness, of iron. The common elm produces abundance of suckers from the roots, both near and at a great distance from the stem ; and throughout Europe these afford the most ready mode of propagation, and that which appears to have been most gene- rally adopted till the establishment of regular commercial nurseries ; the suckers being procured from the roots of grown up trees, in hedgerows, parks, or plantations. In Britain, the present mode of propagation is by layers from stools, or by grafting on the U. montana. The layers are made in autumn, or in the course of the winter, and are rooted, or fit to be taken off, in a year. Grafting is generally performed in the whip or splice manner, close to the root, in the spring ; and the plants make shoots of 3 or 4 feet in length the same year. Budding is sometimes performed, but less frequently. The great advantage of grafting is, that the plants never throw up suckers, unless ■ indeed the graft is buried in the soil. The tree bears the knife better than most others, and is not very injurious to grass growing under it. The leaves are eaten by most kinds of cattle. t 2. U. (o.) SUBERO^SA Mcench. The Coxk-barked Elm. Identificaticm. Ehr. Arb., 142. ; Willd. Sp. PL, p. 1324. ; Engl. Fl., 2. p. 21. SynonyTjies. U. campgstris Woodv. Med. Bot. 1. 197. ; U. campestris and TheophrdBti Da Ham. Arb. 2. p. 367. t. 108. ; U. vulgatlssima ftilio 14to scabra Ger. Emac. 1480. f. ; £7. nionUna Catn. Epit, t. 70., upper fig. ; common Elm Tree, Hunt. Evel. Syi. p. 119. ; I'Orrae Lidge, I'Orme fungeux, Fr. Engravings. Eng. Bot., t. 2161. ; Du Ham. Arb., 2. t. 108. ; the plate in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. vii. ; and our^^. 1395. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves pointed, rough, doubly and sharply serrated. Flowers stalked, 4 — 5- cleft. Samara almost orbicular, deeply cloven, glabrous. Branches spreading ; their bark corky. (Sviith.) A deciduous tree, taller and more spreading than the common English elm. England. Height 60 ft. to 80 ft., and sometimes 100 ft. Flowers and samara as in the preceding kind. Varieiies. 2 U. (c.) s. 1 vulgaris. U. suberosa Hort. Dur. ; the Dutch cork-bai'ked Elm. — This, except the American elm and the Canterbury seedling ( U. montana major glabra), is the quickest-growing of any that Mr. Masters cultivates. It is, moreover, valuable on account of its growing well upon the Kentish chalks ; and it keeps its leaf till late in the autumn. It is a tree of large growth. Many of the elms at Windsor are of this kind. S U. (c.) s. 2fdtns variegdtis Lodd. Cat. ed. 1836. U. suberoSa variegata Hort. Dur. — Precisely like the last, except in its variegation. t U. (c.) s. 3 alba. U. suberosa alba Masters. — A low tree, of more 1395. V. (c.) subeidsa. LXVI. l/LMA^CEiE: U'LMVS. 719 compact growth than the two preceding varieties ; and often growing into an oval, or, rather, cone-shaped head. Young shoots pubes- cent. Foliage thickly set. Bark much wrinkled, and becoming white with age. * U. (c.) s. 4 erecta Lodd. Cat. ed. 1836. — Has a tall narrow head, resembling that of the Cornish elm ; but diiFers from that tree in having much broader leaves, and a corky bark. t U. (c.) s. 5 var. The broad-leaved Hertfordshire Elm, Wood, nursery- man at Huntingdon. — The shoots show some tendency to become corky, which, in our opinion, determines this variety to belong to U. (c.) suberosa, rather than to U. montana or U. (m.) glabra. 5? L . (c.) s. 6 va7: The narrow-leaved Hertfordshire Elm, Wood. — Leaves and shoots differing very little from those of U. campestris. * 3. U. (c.) MA^JOR Smith. The greater, or Dutch Cork-barhed, Elm. Identification. Sm. Engl. Bot., t. 2542. ; Sm. Engl. Fl., 2. p. 21. Syiumymcs. (7. hoUSndica itfiU. iJicf. ed. 8. No. 5. ; P. mijor holl£ndica, Sic, Pluk. Aim. %'ii, ; U. major, amplibre fblio, &c., Du Ham. Arb. 2. p. 368. ; TSlia mSs Matth. falgr. 1. 158. f. ; U. latifiilla Miclu:. N. Amer. Syl. 3. t. 129. f. 2. Engravings. Engl. Bot., t. 2542. ; N. Amer. Sy!., 3. 1. 129. f, 2. ; the plate of this tree in Arb. Brit., 1st edit,, vol. vii. ; and our Jig. 1396. Spec. Char., Src Leaves rough, unequally and rather bluntly serrated. Flowers nearly sessile, 4-cleft. Samara obovate, slightly cloven, glabrous. Branches drooping, the bark corky. (Smith.') A deciduous tree, with widely spreading branches. England. Height 50 ft. to 70 ft. Flowers and samara as in the preceding kinds The branches spread widely, in a drooping manner, and their bark is rugged, and much more corky than even the foregoing. Leaves on short thick stalks, larger and more bluntly ser- rated than the last ; rough on both sides, espe- cially beneath ; but the hairy tufts at the origin of each transverse rib are very small. Segments of the calyx short and rounded. Stamens 4. Samara obovate, with a very small rounded sinus, not reaching half so far as the seed. This appears to be the kind brought over by Wil- liam 111. from Holland ; which, from its quick growth, was, at first, much used for hedges and formal rows of clipped trees ; but, when the Dutch taste in gardening decUned, the tree was no longer cultivated ; as its wood was fotnd very inferior to that of most other kinds of elm. ,396. [,. (c „^j„, S 4. U. EFFU'SA WUld. The spreading-imncAed Elm. Identification. 'Willd. Arb., 393. ; Sp. PI., I. p. 1325. ; Duby et Dec. Bot Gall., 1. p. 422. Synonymes. U. ciliata Ehrh. Arb. 72. ; U. pedunculJlta tarn. Diet. No. 2. ; U. octsndra Scllk. Bot. Bandb. 178. t. 67. ; U. fblio latlssimo, &c.. Stub. Hal. 340. ; U. IseVis Pal. Boss, vol. 1. p. 75. i rOrme pedoncule, Fr. Engravings. Hayne, t, 29, ; the plates of this tree in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol vii. ; and oar fig. 1397. Spec. Char,, Sfc. Leaves mostly resembling those of the U. montana, but quite smooth on the upper side ; unequal at the base, doubly serrated. Flowers on drooping stalks. Stamens in a flower 6 — 8. Samara elliptic, deeply cloven, strongly fringed with coarse dense hairs. {Smith.) A deciduous tree with ascending shoots, which spread at the extremities. Europe, chiefly in the South of France, and in the Caucasus. Height 50 ft. to 60 ft. Introd. ? 1800. Flowers and samara as in the preceding kinds. This species is very distinct, even when the tree is bare of leaves, as will be seen by comparing the winter tree of it in Arh. Brit., 1st edit., vol. vii. 720 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. 1397. IT. Gff'tisa. with that of U. montana major depicted at the same season. In spring and summer, it is equally marked by the long drooping pe- duncles of its flowers, and its hairy samaras. Its leaves are large, and of a beautiful light shining green tinged with red, and with red veins. The buds are long, sharply pointed, and greenish ; while in the U. campestris they are short, obtuse, and covered with greyish hairs. As a tree of ornament, it is well worth cultivating for the beauty of its leaves, for the distinct character of its spray in winter, and, indeed, for its general appearance at all sea- sons. Propagated by grafting on U. montana. The largest tree of this species in England is at White Knights, in front of the mansion. ¥ 5. U. MONTA^NA Bauh. The Mountain, Scotch, or Wj/ch, Elm. Identification. Bauh. Pin., 427. ; Sm. Engl. Bot., t. 1827. Synanymes. U. glibra Huds. ed. 1. 96. ; U. effisa Sibth. 87. ; U. scSbra Mill. Diet.' No 2. , V. nilda Ehrh. ; 17. campdstre Willd. Sp. PI. p. 1324. ; V. campestris latif61ia Hort. Par. ; Wj-cli Hazel of old authors. Engravings. EngL Bot., 1. 1887. ; Fl. Dan., t. 632. ; the plates of some of the varieties in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. vii. ; and our Jig. 1399. Spec. Char., ^c. Leaves pointed, rough, broad, and doubly serrated. Flowers on longish peduncles loosely tufted, 5 — 6-cleft. Samara somewhat orbi- cular, slightly cloven, naked. Branches drooping at their extremities ; their bark smooth and even. (Smith.) A spreading deciduous tree, with smooth bark. Britain, and various parts of Europe. Height 50 ft. to 60 ft. Flowers reddish ; April and May. Samara brown ; ripe in June. Varieties. The varieties of the Scotch elm are extremely distinct, and very handsome trees, some well worth cultivating in a useful, and others in an ornamental, point of view. A. Timber Trees. 2 U. VI. 1 vulgaris. — Tree spreading ; seldom exceeding 40 or 50 feet in height, except when drawn up by other trees. t U. nt. 2 rugbsa Masters. U. rugosa Lodd. Cat. ed. ] 836. — Bark reddish brown, cracking into short regular pieces, very like that of A\&r campestre. Tree of spreading growth, and moderate size. S U. m. 3 major Masters. (Plate in Arb. Brit. 1st edit. vol. vii.) — The tree is of upright and rapid growth, with few branches ; and, in some stages, approaching the habit of the common Scotch elm, but of a more tapering form. The leaves fall almost a month sooner than those of the following sort. t U. m. 4 minor Masters. — Compared with U. m. major, is of a more branching and spreading habit,, of lower growth, with more twiggy shoots ; and these are more densely clothed with leaves, which are retained long in the autumn. f U. m. 5 cebennensis Hort. The Cevennes Elm. — Habit spreading, like that of U. m. vulgaris ; but it appears of much less vigorous growth. Horticultural Society's Garden. * I] . m. 6 nigra. U. nigra Lodd, Cat. ; the black Irish Elm. — A spreading tree, with the habit of U. montana vulgaris, but with much smaller leaves. It is by some considered as a variety of U. campestris ; but, as it ripens seeds in Ireland, we are inclined to think it belongs to what may be called the seed-bearing section of the genus, and, con- sequently, to U. montana. f U. m, 7 aiistralis Hort. — Leaves rather smaller, and habit of growth more pendulous than the species. LXVI. J7LMA CE;E : J/'LSIUS. 721 B. Ornamental or curious Varieties. U. m. 8 pendula. U. pendula Lodd. Cat. ed. 1836 ; U. glabra decum- bens Horl. Dur. ; U. horizontilis Hort. ; U. rubra in the Horticul- tural Society's Garden, in 18.35. (Plate of this tree in Arb. Brit, 139S. TJ. m. pendula. 1st edit., vol. vii. ; and our^g. 1398.) — This is a beautiful and highly characteristic tree, generally growing to one side, spreading its branches in a fan-like manner, and stretching them out sometimes horizontally, and at other times almost perpendicularly downwards, so that the head of the tree exhibits great variety of shape. t U. m. Ofastigidta Hort. U. glabra replicata Hort. Dur. ; U. Forda Hort. ; U. exoni&sis Hort. ; the Exeter Elm, Ford's Elm. (Plate in Arh, Brit., 1st edit., vol. vii.) — A very remarkable variety, with peculiarly twisted leaves, and a very fastigiate habit of growth. The leaves, which are very harsh, feather-nerved, and retain their deep green till they fall off, enfold one side of the shoots. S U. m. 10 crispa. ? U. crispa Willi. ; the curled-leaved Elm. — ^ Of a slender and stunted habit of growth. Horticultural Society's Garden. Other Varieties. Several might be taken from catalogues, both timber trees and curious plants ; but the former, such as U. montana v^geta Lindl.,' we think may be best classed under U. m. glabra, and the latter are of so little merit, that we hardly think them worth recording in this work. A variety or variation was discovered in a wood near Verrieres, in which the soft wood, or cambium, of the current year's shoots appears of a deep red when the bark is removed. It retains this peculiarity when propagated by extension ; and there are plants of it in the Jardin des Plantes at Paris. A similar variation occurs in Moras italica. (See p. 708.) , The Scotch elm has not so upright a trunk as the EngUsh elm ; and it soon divides into long, widely spreading, somewhat drooping branches, forming a large spreading tree. In Scotland, where the tree abounds, both naturally and in artificial plantations, the wood weighs less than that of the English elm, and is more coarse-grained. Nevertheless, Sang observes, it is always prized next to the wood of the oak. It is used, he adds, by the ship-builder, the 3 A 722 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. 1399. E;. montiina. boat-builder, the block and pump maker, the cartwright, the cabinet-maker and the coach-maker. The timber, Matthews observes, has much sap-wood, and great longitudinal toughness ; but, from the great quantity of sap-wood, and want of lateral adhesion, it splits considerably when dry. The tree has a peculiar fan-like spread of the branches, often tending to one side, and most perceptible in young trees. Hence, when grown up, there is ge- nerally a slight bending in the stem, which" renders it very fitting for floor- timbers of vessels ; the only part of a ship, except the bottom plank, to which it is applicable, as it soon decays above water. Its great toughness and strength, however, render it fit for floors. Thesoil in ■ which this elm most luxuriates is a deep ' rich loam ; but that in which it becomes most valuable, is a sandy loam lying on rubble stone, or on dry rock. In wet tilly clays, it soon sickens. It does not produce suckers like the English elm ; but, accord- mg to Boutcher, it roots more readily from layers than that species. The most ready mode ofpropagatingit, however, is by seeds, which are produced in great abundance, and are ripe about the middle of June. They ought to be gathered with the hand before they drop, as, from their lightness and winged appendages, they are very apt to be blown away by the wind. The seeds may either be sown as soon as gathered, in which case, many plants will come up the same season ; or they may be thinly spread out to dry in the shade, and afterwards put up into bags or boxes, and kept in a dry place till the following March or April. 2 6. U. (m.) gla^bra Mill. The smooth-fcawrf, or Wych, Elm. Identification. Mill. Diet., ed. 8., No. 4. ; Sm. Engl. Fl., 2. p. 23. Synonymes. U. ■monttn& Fl. Mr, 282.; C^. fblio gljlbro Ger. Emac. 1481. f.; 17. campestria var. 3. With. 279. J the feathered Ehn. F-ngravings. Engl. Bot., t 2218. ; and our^^. 1400. Spec. Char., Sfc Leaves elliptic-oblong, doubly serrated, smooth. Flowers nearly sessile, 5-cleft. Samara obovate, naked, deeply cloven. (Smith.) Branches spreading, rather drooping, smooth, blackish, scarcely downy in their earliest stage of growth. Leaves smaller than any of the preced- ing (except U. campestris), as well as more oblong ; strongly serrated, very unequal at the base, not elongated at the extremity ; their sub- stance firm, or rather rigid ; the surface of both sides very smooth to the touch, and without any hairs beneath, except the axillary pubescence of the ribs, which often forms a narrow downy line along the midrib. Flowers nearly sessile, with 5 short, bluntish, fringed segments, and as many longish stamens, the anthers of which are round- ish heart-shaped. Samara smaller than most other species, obovate, cloven down to the seed, smooth, often reddish. A tall, elegant, deciduous tree. Britain, chiefly in England, in woods and hedges ; and forming the most common elm in some parts of Essex. Height 60 ft. to 80 ft. Flowers and samara as in the preceding sort. It bears seeds in nearly as great abundance as U, montana, and it does not 1400. tr. (m.) gmbra. LXVI. fTLMA^CE^: C/LJIUS. 7'23 throw up suckers ; which convinces us that it is only a variety of that species. The propagation, culture, &c., of U. glabra and its varieties are the same as in the preceding sort ; but, to preserve the latter distinct, they ought to be grafted. Varieties. In consequence of U. glabra ripening seeds in different parts of England, many varieties have been raised from it, most of which are distin- guished by great rapidity of growth. It is difficult to determine, in every case, whether the varieties of U. (ra.) glabra are not nearer to U. montana, than to that sub-species ; and, in some instances, they appear to partake of the character of U. campestris and U. (c.) suberdsa. T. A. Knight, Esq., informs us that from seeds of one variety of U. (m.) glkbra, viz. the Down- ton elm, which were ripened in the cold climate of that part of Shropshire, he " raised plants which are so perfectly similar to the U. suberosa, and which approximate so nearly to the character of the U. glabra, that " he does " not doubt but that the U. campestris, U. suberosa, U. glabra, and three or four other varieties which" he has " seen in different parts of England, are all varieties only of the same species." A. Timber Trees. t U. (m.) g. 1 vulgaris. The common smooth-leaved Elm. It U. (m.) g. 2 vegeta, U. montana v^geta in the Horticultural Society's Garden ; U. americana Masters ; the Huntingdon Elm, the Chi- chester Elm, the American Elm in some places, and perhaps the Scampston Elm. — This is by far the most vigorous-growing kind of elm propagated in British nurseries, often making shoots from 6 ft. to 10 ft. in length in one season ; and the tree attaining the height of upwards of 30 ft. in ten years from the graft. Raised at Huntingdon about 1746, from seed collected in that neighbourhood, by Mr. Wood, nurseryman there. 2 U. (m.) g. 3 var. The Scampston Elm. — Variety of U. glabra, and very little different from the preceding kind. S U. (m.) g. 4 major. U. glabra major Hurt. Dur. ; the Canterbury Seed- liner. — Of more vigorous growth than the species, and, indeed, a rival to the Huntingdon elm in quickness of growth. Judging from the specimens of this variety sent to us by Mr. Masters, we should say that it belongs fully as much to U. montana as to V. (in.) glabra. t U. (m.) g. 5 glandulosa Lindl. — Leaves very glandular beneath. f U. (m.) g. 6 latifolia Lindl. — Leaves oblong, acute, very broad. S U. (m.) g. 1 microph^lla Hort. U. g. parvifolia.. — Leaves small. Horticultural Society's Garden. B. Ornamental or curious Trees. ¥ U. (ni.) g. Spendula. U. campestris pendula Hort. Dur.; the Down- ton Elm. — Raised in Smith's Nursery, at Worcester, in 1810, from seeds obtained from a tree in Nottinghamshire. Mr. Knight of Downton Castle purchased some of these trees ; and one them turned out to be that weeping variety which has since obtained the name of the Downton elm. 5: U. (in.) g. 9 variegata Hort. — Leaves variegated. Hort. Soc. Garden. S U. (m.) g. 10 raviulosa Booth. — Branches more twiggy than the species. t 7. U. a'lba Kit. The ^hkishrleaved Elm. Identification. Kitaib., quoted in Kcem. et Schult. Syst. Veg., 6. p. 30O.; Willd. Baumz., p. 618. £ngraving. Om Jig. 0000. in p. 0000. Spec. Char., i^c. Bark grey brown ; smooth, not chinky. Leaves with downy petioles ; and disks oblong, acuminate, 2i in. long, unequal at the base, doubly and very argutely serrate ; above, deep green ; beneath, downy, and becoming obviously whitish. (Willd.') A large deciduous tree. Hun- gary; said to have been introduced in 1834, but we are not aware that the plant is in British gardens. 3 A 3 724 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. 1401. U. americ&ua. Leaves i 8. U. ameuica'na L. The American Elm.. Identification. Lin. Sp. PI., 327. ; Pursh Sept., 1. p. 199. St/noni/mes. The white Elm, Amer. ; tlie Canadian Elm, the American white Elm. Engravings. Michx. North Amer. Sylva, 3. 1. 126. ; and oat fig. 1401. Spec. Char., S;c. Leaf with the petiole ] in. to 1 J in. long, and hairy with short hairs ; and the disk unequal at the base, 4 in. to 5 in. long, inclusive of a long acuminate point, 2 in. to 2| in. broad, serrate, and mostly doubly so ; the axils of the veins underneath joined by a membrane. Flowers peduncled, effuse, purple ; peduncles short, glabrous. Stamens 5 and 8. Samara fringed at the edge with hairs, ovate, acute. This species is readily distinguish- able from others by the membrane which appears at the axils of the veins. (Willd.) Young branches brown, ■with short very fine hairs. Leaves deeply green above, almost glossy, rough ; beneath, pale, downy. Flowers like those of U. effusa. A large tree. New England to Carolina. Height 80 ft. to 100 ft. Introduced in 1752; but rarely flowering, and never ripening seeds in England. Vaiieties. 1? V.a. 1 rubra Ait. Hort. Kew. i. p. 319. — Branches red. ovate, rugose, rough. * U. ffi. 2 alba Ait. Hort. Kew. i. p. 319., Marsh, p. 250. ? U. moUi- folia {Rcem. et Schult.) — Branches whitish. Leaves oblong, rough. t XJ.a. 3 pendula Pursh Sept. i. p. 200., Ait. Hort. Kew. i. p. 319. — Branches pendulous. ¥ U. a. 4 inctsa Hort. (Plate in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. vii.) — This variety differs from the other varieties, in having the leaves some- what more deeply serrated, and rather smaller, approaching nearer to those of U. effusa. Horticultural Society's Garden. ^ U. a. 5fdliis variegdtis Hort. — Leaves variegated. Hort. Soc. Garden. The white elm delights in low humid situations. The wood is used for the same purposes as that of the European elm, but it is decidedly inferior in strength and hardness ; it has also less compactness, and splits more readily. Propagated by grafting on V. montana, but not common in collections. 2 9. U. (a.) fu'lva Michx. The taviny-biidded, or sli/ppery. Elm. Identification. Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer., I. p. 172. ; Pursh Sept., 1. p. 200. Syv^onymes. V. rClbra Michx. Arb. 3. p. 278. ; Orme gras, French (^ Canada and Upper Louisiana ; red Elm, red-wooded Elm, Moose Elm. Engravings. Michx. North Amer. Sylva, 3. t. 128. ; and Q\xrfig. 1402. Spec. Char., Src Resembles the Dutch elm. Branches rough, whitish. Leaves ovate-oblong, acuminate, nearly equal at the base, more or less cordate there ; serrate with unequal teeth, rugose, very rough, hairy on both surfaces : they are larger, thicker, and rougher than those of U. americana. Leaf buds tomentose, with a tawny dense tomentum : they are larger and rounder than those of U. ameri- cana. Scales of the buds that include the flowers downy. Peduncles of flowers short. Samara not fringed, very like that of U. campestris ; orbicular, or obovate. (^Michx.) Leaves variable in shape and serratures, but more downy than the other North American elms. Stamens 5 — 7. Stigmas purphsh. Samara, when young, downy on both sides. A tree bearing a strong resem- blance to the Dutch elm. Canada to Carolina. Height 50 ft. to 60 ft. Introduced ? 1815. Flowers and samara as in preceding species. 1402. v, (a.) mn. LXVI. t^LMA CE^ : PLA NER^. 725 Distinguished from the white American elm by its buds, which are larget and rounder ; and which, a fortnight before their developement, are covered with a russet down. It is less abundant than the white American elm ; and the two species are rarely found together, as the red elm requires a substantial soil, free froni moisture, and even delights in elevated and open situations. The heart-wood is coarser-grained and less compact than that of U. ameri- cana, and is of a dull red tinge ; whence the name of red elm. There are small plants bearini^ the name of U. fulva, in Loddiges's arboretum ; but they are scarcely, if at all, distinguishable from U. americana. i 10. U. ala'ta Mchx. The Wahoo, or Cori-winged, Elm. Identification. Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer., I. p. 173.'; Pursh Sept., 1. p. 200. Synonynies. U. piimila iFalt. Fl. Carol. Ill ; Wahoo, Indians of North America, Engravings. Michx. North Amer. Sylva, 3. 1. 127. ; and our.;^. 1403. Spec. Char., Src. Leaves like those of Carpinus .Betiilus L. Branches bearing two longitudinal corky wings. Leaves with short petioles, and disks that are oblong-oval, narrowed to an acute point, almost equal at the base, toothed. Samara downy, bearing a dense fringe of hairs at the edge. (^Mickx.) A middle-sized deciduous tree. Virginia, Carolina, and Georgia. Height 30 ft. to 40 ft. Introduced in 1820. Flowers and samara as in the preceding species. The most remarkable part of this species is, a fungous appendage, two or three lines wide, attached to the branches throughout their whole length; from which the name of alata (winged) has been given. The wood is fine-grained, more compact, heavier, and stronger than that of U. ameri- cana. The lieart-wood is of a dull chocolate colour, and always bears a great proportion to the sap-wood. There are small plants in Messrs. Loddiges's collection, which, from the leaves, might be taken for those of U. (c.) su- berosa ; and the engraving in IJIichaux, from which Jig. 1403. is reduced to our usual scale, closely resembles the young shoots and leaves of that tree of U. (c.) suberosa in the Horticultural Society's Garden, of which a plate is given in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. vii. 1405. U.alkta.. Genus II. PLA'NER^ Gmel. The Planeea. Lin. St/sf. Polygamia Monoe''cia ; or Tetr-Pent-andria Digynia. Identification. Gmel. Syst. Nat., 2. p. ? 160. ; Michx. North Amer. Sylva, 3. p. 'OO- . , , , . Si/nmwmes. ilhamnus Pall., GUldenst. ; P'lmus, various authors, as to the Planers Kicliard!. Derivation. Named Id honour of Planer, professor of botany at Erfurth, who pubhshcd, in 1788, a work entitlMl Indm Plantarum Agri Erfordiensis, in one volume Svo. Gen. Char. Flowers polygamous or monoecious. — Female and bisexual flowers. Calyx bell-shaped, distinct from the ovary, membranous, green, of one piece, but having 5-ciliate lobes. Stamens in the bisexual flower 4 — 5, less developed than those in the male flower. Ovary top-shaped, villous. Stigmas 2, sessile. Fruit roundish, pointed, dry.— Male flower. Calyx as in the female and bisexual flowers. Stamens 4 — 5. ((?. Bon.) Leaves simple, alternate, stipulate or exstipulate, deciduous ; toothed, feather-nervod. Flowers small, greenish. Fruit small, whitish when ripe. De- caying leaves yellowish green.— Trees, deciduous, natives of Asia and North America, with the aspect of the hornbeam, and readily uniting by grafting with that tree or the elm. Bark scaling off" like that of the Platanus. Pro- pagated by grafting on the elm, or by layers in any common soil. 3 A O 726 ARBOKETUM ET FRU'I'ICETUM BRITANNICUM. t 1, P. Eicba'bdj Michx. llichard's Planera, or Zclkoua Tree. Identification. Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer., 2. p. 248. ; Bieb. Fl. Taur. Cauc. Suppl., 1. p. 187. St/nont/mes. P. crenJita Michx, Mhn. sur le Zeliioua ; P. carpinifblia lyats. Dend. Brit. t. 106. ; P. c'renata Desf. ; Ithimnus rarpinif&llus Palt. Ft. Boss. ; B. ijlmoldes GUldenst. It. 1 . p. 313. and 427. ; (7'lmus crenJita Kort. Par. ; U. parviffllia Willd. Baum. ; V. camp^stris Walt. Ft. Carol. p. ill. ; U. Jiolygama Richard Act. Paris 1781 ; U. nemordlis Ait. Hort. Kcw.^ed. 2. p. 108. ; U. foliis crenatls basi aBqualibus, fructu ovoideo, non compresso, Poiret Encyc. M^th. iv. p. 6U. ; le Zelkoua, or Orme de Slberie, Fr. ; Richard's Planere, Ger. Engravings. Pall. Fl. Ross., 1. t. 60. ; Dend. Brit., t. 106. ; the plates of this tree in Arb. Brit, 1st edit., vol. vii. j and our.^^. 1404. Spec. Char., S^c. Flowers solitary in the axils of leaves ; and both flowers and leaves borne on a shoot that is developed in the same year with them- selves. Petiole of leaf not obvious ; dislc of leaf elliptical, unequal at the base, dentate. (iV.i3Mf?am.) A large deciduous tree. West of Asia, and upon the shores of the Caspian Sea ; and to Imiretta and Georgia, on the south of Mount Caucasus. Height 50 ft. to 70 ft. Introduced in 1760. Flowers greenish white ; April and May. Fruit white ; ripe in October. The base of the trunk does not swell out, like that of most other trees, its thickness being very little greater at the surface of the ground than it is at the point of ramification. Like that of the hornbeam, it is marked with longitudinal furrows, like open gutters. The head is large, tufted, and very much branched; but the branches, though widely extended, are more slender, and more vertical in their direction, than is generally the case with forest trees. The bark of the trunk is not grey and cracked, like that of the elm or the oak, but resembles rather that of the hornbeam or beech. In British gardens, the rate of growth of this tree is similar to that of the beech or common horn- beam ; it attaining the height of 20 ft. in 10 years. The wood, when cut obliquely, re- sembles that" of the robinia, and presents, like it, numerous interlacements of fibres. It is I very heavy, and, when dry, becomes so ex- tremely hard, that it is difficult to drive nails into it with a hammer. In the countries where it is abundant, it is employed for the same purposes as oak; and it is found to be even superior to that wood for furniture. Its colour is agreeable ; it is finely veined ; and its texture is so compact, and its grain so fine, "'^^iSirNI y''^fes '''l as to render it susceptible of the highest polish. t 2. P. Gmb'unj Michx. Gmehn's Planera. Identification. Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer., 2. p. 248. ; Desf. Hist. des Arbres et Arbriss., 2. p. 446. Synonymes. P. wlmifulia Michx. Arb. Amer. 3. p. 283. t. 7. ; P. aqu&tica Willd. Sp. PI. 4. p. 967. i Anonymus aquaticiis arbor, &c. Walt. Carol. 230. Engravings. Michx. Arb. Amer., t. 7. ; North Amer. Sylva, 3. 1. 130. 1 Du Ham. Arb., ed. nov., 7. t. 21 . j and our fig. 1405. Spec. Char., S^c. Flowers in heads, opening before the leaves are protruded, and borne on branches or branchlets, developed in some previous year. Leaf with an obvious petiole, and a disk ovate-acuminate, equal at the base, and serrate. A deciduous shrub or low tree. Kentucky, Tennessee, and the banks of the Mississippi. Height 20 ft. to 30 ft. i4os. p. GmWini, 1404. P. Richardi. LXVI. r/LMA CEJE : CE'LTIS. 727 Introduced in 1816; but rare. Flowers small, greenish brown; June. Fruit brown ; ripe in September. The leaf is much smaller than that of P. Richardi, and resembles that of U^'lmus campestris, except in being serrated with equal teeth ; it is of a lively green on the upper surface, and grey on the under one. Only very small plants are in British gardens. Genus III. CE'LTIS Toum. The Celtis, or Nettle Tree. Lin. Syst. Polygamia Monoe^cia, or Pentandria Digynia. Identfficaiion. Tourn. quoted by T. Nees ab Esenbeck, in his Gen. PI. Fl. Germ., fasc. 3. t. 4. Synonymes. ibtus of Lobel and otlier authors ; jMicocoulier, Fr. ; Ziingelbaum, Ger, \ Celto. Ital. Derivation. The name ef Celtis is said to refer to the tree having been known to the ancient Celts ; and the appellation of Nettle Tree relates to the similarity of the leaves to those of some kind of nettle ( J7rtlca). Gen. Char. Flowers bisexual, monoecious. Calyx bell-shaped, distinct from the ovary, 5 — 6-parted, the segments imbricate in aestivation. Stamens 5 — 6, inserted into the base of the calyx. Filaments incurved. Anthers cordate, acuminate. Stigmas 2, sessile. i/ijglans fructu serotino Bauh. Pin. 417.; Noyer tardif, Noyer de la Saint-Jean Son Jard. ed. 1836 p. 472., Noyer de Mai in Dauphine. — This is a most valuable variety for those districts where the frosts continue late in spring. 2' J. r. 5 ladniata. NIxx. Juglans foliis laciniatis Reneaulm, N. Da Ham. iv. p. 174. ; Juglans heterophylla Hort. ; ././ilicifolia Lodd. Cat. ed. 1836 ; the Fern-leaved Walnut Tree. — Has cut leaves, somewhat like those of iSYaxinus excelsior salicifolia. Other Varieties. The above are the most remarkable and valuable of the varieties of the common walnut ; the first three, on account of their fruit ; and the last, as a curiosity, on account of its leaves. But in the Bon Jar- dinier five others are enumerated ; and in the Horticultural Society's Fruit Catalogue for 1832 nine are given, of which the most valuable for cultivation for its fruit is the Highflier ; a variety which was originated at Thetford, in Norfolk, and which is held in much esteem in that county and in Suffolk. {Hort. Trans., iv. p. 517. ; and E. of Gard., ed. 1835, p. 942") There is also the Yorkshire walnut, which is much planted in that county. The varieties recommended by Mr. Thompson, as having proved the most prolific in the Horticultural Society's Garden, are : the Round early oval ; thd Double large French, No. 1. above; the Tender-shelled, No. 2.; and the Thick-shelled. In the gardens of the Trianon, near Paris, there is a hybrid between Ju- glans regia and J. nigra, which partakes in an equal degree of the properties of both species, and has ripened fruit from which young plants have been raised possessing similar properties. (See Gard. Mag., vol. xvi.) The wood of the walnut weighs 58 lb. 8 oz. in a green state ; and when dried, 46 lb. 8 oz. It is white in young trees, and in that state is subject to be wormeaten ; but, as the tree grows old, the wood becomes solid, compact, easy to work, and acquires a brown colour, veined, and agreeably shaded with light brown and black. The most valuable part of the walnut is its fruit, which is much in demand throughout Europe and other parts of the world, for the table, and for various other purposes. In a young and green state, it is pickled and preserved ; and, when mature, it is used as food for the poorer classes in the countries where it abounds, and at the dessert of the richer classes. An oil is expressed from the kernel in some parts of France, Switzerland, and Italy, 734 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. The species is propagated by the nut ; which, when the tree is to be grown chiefly for its timber, is best sown where it is finally to remain, on account of the taproot, which will thus have its full influence on the vigour and prosperity of the tree. Where the tree is to be grown for fruit on dry soils, or in rocky, situations, it ought also to be sown where it is finally to remain, for the same reasons. In soils on moist or other- wise unfavourable subsoils, if sown where it is finally to remain, a tile, slate, or flat stone, should be placed under the nut at the depth of 3 or 4 inches, in order to give the taproot a horizontal direction ; or, if this pre- caution has been neglected, after the plants have come iip, the taproot may be cut through with a spade 6 or 8 inches below the nut, as is sometimes practised in nurseries with young plants of the horsechestnut, sweet chestnut, walnut, and oak. On the other hand, when the walnut is planted in soil which has a dry or rocky subsoil, or among rocks, no precaution of this sort is necessary : on the contrary, it would be injurious, by preventing the taproot from descending, and deriving that nourishment from the subsoil which, from the nature of the surface soil, it could not there obtain. The varieties may be propagated by bud- ding, grafting, inarching, or layering, in common soil. The walnut tree attains the largest size in a deep loamy soil, dry rather than moist ; but the fruit has the best flavour, and produces most oil, when the tree is grown in cal- careous soils, or among calcareous rocks : in a wet-bottomed soil, whatever may be the character of the surface, it will not thrive. 1416. Xligis. S 2. J. ni'gra Z/. The \Az.Qk.-wooied Walnut Tree. . Wilkl. Sp. PI., 4. p. 45C. ; Pursh Sept. The black Walnut, the black Hickory Nut, N. Amer. " Idext0calton.___Ua. liort^Clitl., p. 449. St/nonym€S. ' '' ' " Hal. Engravings. Michx. Arb., 1, t. 1.; Michx. North Amer. Sylva, t. 30. ; DencL Brit., t. ifiS. ; the plate of this tree in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., "vol. vii. ; and our Jig- 1417. Spec. Char,, i.fc. Leaflets, in a leaf, 1.3 — 17; cor- date-acuminate, une- qual at the base, ser- rated, and somewhat downy ; lateral ones upen short petiolules. Fruit globose, roughish with minute prominent points, situated upon a short inflexible pedun- cle. Nut globose, some- what compressed at the sides, ridged and fur- rowed. (Michx.) A large deciduous tree. . .2. p. Noyer noir, Fr. 636. ; Noce neri 1417. J. nigra. LXVII. JUGLANDA^CE^ : CA^RYA. 735 New England to Florida, in fertile soil in woods. Height 60 ft. to 100 ft. Introduced in 1656. Flowers greenish; April and May. Fruit with a green husk, enclosing a brown nut. Varieties. None are in cultivation ; but a hybrid between this species and J. nigra has been noticed in p. 733. The growth of the tree is remarkably quick, more so than that of the Eu- ropean walnut. At 8 or 10 years of age it begins to bear, and age increases its fertility. No tree will grow under its shade, and even grass is injured by it. In 40 years, in good soil, it will attain the height of from 50 ft. to 60 ft. The heart- wood, which is black, remains sound for a long period, when ex- posed to heat and moisture ; but the sap-wood speedily decays. When pro- perly seasoned, the wood is strong, tough, and not liable to warp or split. It is never attacked by worms, and has a grain sufficiently fine and compact to admit of a beautiful polish. The tree is universally raised from the nut, which, after being imported, ought to be sown immediately, as it seldom retains its vital power more than six months after it has ripened. tf 3. J. cine'kea L. The geey-branched Walnut Tree, or Butler-nut. Idenlificalion. Lin. Sp. PI., 1416. ; WlUd. Sp. PI., i. p. 466. ; Pursh Sept., 2. p. 636. Synmiymes. J. cath&rtica IJorth Amer. Sylva, 1. p. 160—165. t. 31. ; J. obl6nga Milt. Did. No. 3. ; Oil-nut, White Walnut, Amer. ; Noyer cendre, Fr. ; graue Walnuss, Ger. Engravings, Micbx. Arb., 1. 1. 2, ; Miclix. North Amer. Sylva, t. 31. ; and OMTjig. 1418. Spec. Char., Sfc. Petiole villous. Leaflets, in a leaf, 15 — 17 ; lanceolate, rounded at the base, serrate with shallow teeth ; tomentose beneath ; lateral ones sessile. Fruit oblong-ovate, with a tapered tip, downy, co- vered with viscid matter in small transparent glanded hairs, pen- dulous on a flexible peduncle. Nut oval, with an acuminate tip, very rough with prominent irregular ridges. {Michx.) A large decidtious tree. Canada to Virginia, and on the Alleghany Mountains. Height 30 ft. to 60 ft. Introduced in 1656. Flowers greenish ; April and May. Fruit a green husk, enclosing a brown nut ; ripe in October. This species grows with equal rapidity, when young, as the J. nigra ; but the trunk ramifies at a less height; and the branches ex- tending more horizontally than those of most other trees, and spreading widely, a large and flat tufted head is formed, which gives ^^^^^ ^ ^^^^ the tree, in America, more espe- cially in exposed situations, a most remarkable appearance. Genus II. CA^RY.^- Nuttall. The Carya, or Hickoby Tree. Lin. Syst. Monoe'cia Tetr-Hex-dndria. Identiflcatim. Nutt. Rea N, Amer. PI., 2. p. 220. ; Lindley Nat. Syst. of Bot., p. 180. 736 AUBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BUITANNICUM. i/ugians sp. J,IM., (riMO., JKtzcrti. J J7ic07-(M5 ivannesque: mcKory, ^'mer, derivation. " Karua (Carya), the walnut tree: the name which the Greeks applied to Jfiglans rfigia." (Nutlall.) The name of Cirya was applied to the common walnut by the Greeks, in honour of Carya, daughter of Dion, king of Laconia, who was changed by Bacchus into that tree. Diana had the surname of Caryata from the town of Carya, in Laconia, where her rites were always celebrated in the open air, under the shade of a walnut tree, Plutarch says the name of CArya was applied to the walnut tree from the effect of the smell of its leaves on the head. Gen. Char. Flowers unisexual, monoecious. Male, female, and leaves all upon a shoot developed from one bud in the year of the flowering. The male flowers borne at the base of the shoot, below the leaves, or in the axils of the lower leaves ; the female flowers, a few together about the tip of the shoot. — Male flowers in slender pendulous catkins, that are disposed 3 upon a peduncle. Ca^5fa?a3-parted minute leaf. Stamens'k — 6. — Female flowers. Ca/_y.r in eluding and adhering to the ovary ; its tip free, and 4-cleft. Stigma sessile upon the ovary, partly discoid, 2— 4-lobed Fruit a drupe. Hwk fleshy, separating into 4 equal valves. Nut with 4 or more bluntish angles in its transverse outline ; the surface pretty even. (ff. Don.) Leaves compound, alternate, exstipulate, deciduous ; imparipinnate, of 5 — 15 leaflets, serrate; all, except the terminal one, in opposite, or nearly opposite, pairs ; and all spreading in one plane. Flowers greenish. Decaying leaves brown. — Trees, deciduous ; natives of North America ; the rate of growth slower than a /uglans, and the bark appearing reticulated. When propagated, the nuts should, if possible, be planted where the trees are intended to remain, as most of the species have very long taproots, which are nearly destitute of fibres. This remark, however, does not apply to C. amara, which, like T^uglans nigra, has abundance of fibrous roots. The pig- nut (C. porcina) and the mocker-nut (C tomentosa) are considered to afford the best timber ; and the pacane-nut (C. olivaeformis) decidedly the best fruit, though the nut in this species is small. S I.e. oliv;efo'rmis Nutt. The olhe-shaped Carya, or Pacane-^ut Hiciori/. Identification. Nutt. Gen. N. Amer. PL, p. 221. St/nonymes. Jilglans riibra Gcertn. Sem. 2. p. .51. t. 89. ; J. cyllndrica Lam. EncycZ., N. Du Ham. 4. p. 179. ; J, Jfican Miihlenb. in Nov. Act. Soc. Nat. Scrut. Berol. 3. p. 892. ; X angustifdlia Ait. Hort. Kew. ; J. olivasformis Mtchx. Ft. Bar. Amer. p. 192. ; Pecan-nut, Illinois Nut, Amer. ; Pgcanier, Pacanus, Noyer P^canier, Fr. Engravings. Michx. Arb., 1. t.'A. North Amer. Sylva, ].t. 32.; and our fig. 1419. Spec. Char., ^c. Leaflets, in a leaf, 13 — 15 ; ovate-lan- ceolate, serrate ; lateral ones nearly sessile, and somewhat falcate. Fruit oblong, widest above the middle. Fruit and nut each with four angles in its transverse out- line. Nut in form and ? sizs compared with the fruit of. the olive, narrowly elliptical. {Michx.) A large deciduous tree. Banks of the Ohio, Mis- sissippi, and other rivers in Upper Louisiana. Height 60 ft. to 70 ft. Introduced in 1766. Flowers greenish ; April and May. Fruit with a green husk, enclosing a yellowish nut. The shell is smooth and thin, but too hard to be broken by the fingers. The i4i9. e.o»™fdniii» LXVII. JUGLANDA CE^ : CA UYA. 737 kernel is full, and, not being divided by ligneous pai'titions, is easily ex- iracted, and of an agreeable taste. The wood is coarse-grained, and, like that of the other hickories, is heavy and compact, possessing great strength and durability. The nuts are exported to the West Indies, and to the ports of the United States ; and Michaux considers them as more delicately flavoured than any of the nuts of Europe. ^ 2. C. AMA^A AVf. The bitter-nzii Carya, or Hickory. Identification. Nutt. Gen. N. Amer. PI., 2. p. 222 Synonymes. JAglans ainkra Michx. Arb. 1. p. 170. ; Bitter-nut, White Hicliory, Swamp Hicltory, Amer. Engravings. Miclix. North Amer. Sylva, 1. t 33. ; and our Jig. 1420. Spec. Char., S;c. Leaflets, in a leaf, 7 — 9 ; ovate-oblong, acuminate, serrate with deep teeth, glabrous ; lateral ones sessile. Sets of catkins in pairs. Fruit roundish-ovate, bearing, in its upper half, 4 wing-like ridges ; husk thin and fleshy, softening and decaying, and never becoming ligneous, as in the other species. Nut subglobose, broader than long, tipped with a mucro. Seed bitter. (^Michx.) A large deciduous tree. New England to Maryland, in dry woods in fertile soil, on the mountains. Introduced in 1800. Flowers greenish ; April. Fruit with a greenish husk, enclosing a white nut ; ripe in October. The fruit is very small, and produced in great abundance. The husk, which is thin, fleshy, and surmounted on its upper half by 4- appendages in the form of wings, never becomes ligneous, like' those of the other hickories, but softens ^3^ 1420. C. amara. and decays. The shell is smooth, white, and thin enough to be broken with the fingers ; the kernel is remarkable for the deep inequalities produced on every side by its foldings. It is so harsh and bitter, that squirrels and other aninials will not feed upon it while any other nut is to be found. i .3. C. aqua'tica NuU. The aquatic Carya, or Water Bitter-nut Hickory. Identification. Kutt. Gen. N. Amer. PI., 2. p. 222. Syjtimyme. Juglans aquatica Michx. Arb. 1. p. 182- Engravings. Michx. North Amer. Sylva, t. 34. ; and oxrrftgs. 1421. and 1422. S2}ec. Char., Sfc. Leaflets, in a leaf, 9 — 11 ; narrowly lanceolate, serrate. Very similar to the leaves of Persica vulgaris Mill. ; the lateral ones sessile. Fruit peduncled, ovate, with 4 rather prominent ridges at the seams of the husk. Nut broadly oval, angular, a little depressed at the sides, "-oughish, reddish. (Michx.) A middle-sizetl deciduous tree. South Carolina to Georgia, in swamps and rice fields. Height 40 ft. to 50 ft. Introduced in 1800. Flowers greenish ; April. Fruit, with a green husk, enclosing a reddish nut ; ripe in October. The water bitter-nut hickory is a tree with rather slender branches. Its lea' es are 8 or 9 inches long, and of a beautifiil green : they are composed of 4 or 3 pairs of sessile leiiflets, stirmounted by a petiolated odd one. The leaflets 3 B 738 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. are serrated, long in proportion to their breadth, and very similar to the leaves of a peach tree. The husk is thin ; and the nuts are small, somewhat rough, of a reddish colour, and very tender. The kernel is in folds, and too bitter 1421. C. aqu&tica. 1422. C. aqufttica. to be eatable. This species appears to require a great deal of warmth and moisture. The wood is light, weak, and very far inferior to every other kind of hickory. H 4. C. TOMENTo'sA Nuit. The tomentose Carya, or Mocker-nut Hickory. Identification. Nutt. Gen. N. Amer. PI., 2. p. 221. Synonymes. Jilglans Mba Lin. Sp. PI. HI."), according to Wiltd. Sp. Ft., in Pursh's Flora tliis is referred to J. &lba Michx. Fl. Bor. Amcr., C. Slba Nutt. ; J. &iba Mill. Diet. No. 4. : .7. tomentdsa Michx. Fl, Bor. Amer. 2. p. 192. ; White-heart Hickory, common Hickory, Amer. ; Noyer dur, Illinois. Engravings. Michx. Arb., 1. t. 6. ; North Amer. Sylya, 1. t. 35. ; and OMvfig. 1423. Spec. Char,, Sfc. Petiole downy beneath. Leaflets, in a leaf, 7 — 9; oboyate- lanceolate, serrate with shallow teeth ; downy and rough beneath j lateral ones sessile. Cat- ^ kin very tomen- " ''' tose. Fruit, on some trees, glo- bose, with de- pressions in the husk at the su- tures ; on other trees, oblong, with angles at the sutures. Nut with 4 — 6 angles in Its transverse outline, having a short and capi- tate beak at the tip. Shell some- what channeled. (Michx.) A large deciduous tree. New Eng- land to Virginia, and on the Al- leghany Moun- tains, in forests where the soil is fertile. Height 50 ft. to 60 ft. Intro- duced in ? 1766. Flowers pale rose-coloured ; May. Fruit with a green huks, enclosing a brownish nut ; ripe in November. 1423. C. tomentdsa. LXVII. JUGLANDA^CEJE : CA^RYA. 739 Variety. t C. i. 2 maxima Nutt. — Leaflets 7 in a leaf, ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, semilate ; beneath, softly pubescent, and of a paler colour ; terminal leaflet subpetiolate. Fruit partly globose, of nearly twice the size ordinary in the species; as lai-ge as an apple. Husk exceedingly thick. Nut quadrangular, very large ; having a thick shell, and a mucro that is prominent, quadrangular, and truncate at the ti[). (Nutt.) The leaves grow so rapidly, that Michaux has seen them gain 20 in. in 18 days. With the first frosts, they change to a beautiful yellow, and fall off soon after. The fruit is ripe in November, and varies very much in size and shape. The shell is very thick, and extremely hard ; and the kernel, which is sweet, though small, is so diificult .to extract, because of the strong partitions which divide it, as to have given rise to the name of mocker-nut. There are numerous specimens of this tree in the Bois de Boulogne, which were sown there by Michaux fils in 1822 ; and in 1840, when we saw them, were from 20 ft. to 80 ft. high. 5^ 5. C. A'LBA JVittt. The vihite-nutted Carya, or Shell-bark Hickory. Identification. Nutt. Gen. N. Amer. PI., 2. p. 221. Syncmt/mes. Jtlglans Slba Michx. Ft. Ben-. Amer. 2. p. 193. ;-J. alba ovata Marsh. Arh. 115. ; 3. squamosa Michx. Arb. 1. p. 190. ; J. compressa Gcertn. Sent. 2. p. 51. ; Shag-bark Hickory, Scaly- bark Hickory, Kiskv Thomas Nut, Amer. ; Noyer tendre, Illinois. Engravings. Michx. "N. Amer. Sylva, 1. t. 36. ; Dend. Brit., t. 148. ; the plate of this tree in Arb. lirit., 1st edit., vol. vii. ; and our Jig.. 1424. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaflets, in a leaf, 3 — 7 ; oblong-acuminate, argutely serrate ; villous beneath ; the pair nearest to the base of the petiole rather remote from it ; terminal leaflet nearly sessile. Catkin glabrous. Fruit depressedly globose, with 4 longitudinal furrows, in the hue of which the husk divides into 4 valves thait become wholly sepai'ate. Nut compressed, oblique, 4- angled in its transverse outline, white. Bark exfoliating in long narrow strips. (Michx.) A large deciduous tree. New England to Carolina, and throughout the Alleghany Mountains, in forests where the soil is fertile. Height 80ft. to 90ft. Introduced in 1629. Flowers greenish; May. Fruit with a gi-eenish husk, enclosing a white nut ; ripe in November. The growth of the leaves is so rapid, that in a month theyattain their full length, which, in vigorous trees, is sometimes above 20 in. The fruit is round, with four depressed sgams, and averages, in general, 5| in. in circumference. The husk separates entirely from the nut ; and its thickness is so dispropor- tioned to the size of the nut, as to form a character peculiar to this species and C. sulcata. The nuts are white (whence the name of C. alba), com- pressed at the sides, and marked by four distinct angles, which correspond to the divisions of the husk. The ker- nel is ftiUer and sweeter than that of any other Ame- rican walnut or 1424. c. aiba. hickory, except that „ , t^ 1 of C. olivseformis ; but it is inferior to the fruit of the European walnut. S 6. C. SULCA'TA Nutt. The furrowed/raitea! Carya, or Hickory. Nut, Ame7\ 3b 2 1^- -/Tj 740 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. Engravings. Willd. Arb., t. 7- ; Michx. Arb., 1. t. 8. ; North Amer. Sylva, t. 37. ; and oMr Jig. 1425, S2^ec. Char., Sfc. Leaflets, in a leaf, 7 — 9 ; ohovate-acuminate, argutely ser- rate ; downy beneath. Fruit roundish, having 4 longitudinal ridges that extend from the tip to the middle, and 4 intervening depressions, or furrows. Husk dividing from one extremity to the other, in the line of the furrows, into 4 equal valves. Nut subglobose, slightly compressed, having a long mucro at the tip, and a shorter stouter one at the base ; yellowish. Bark exfo- liating in long narrow strips. {Michx.) A large deciduous ti-ee. Alleghapy Mountains, in fertile valleys. Height 60 ft. to 80 ft. Introduced in 1804. Flowers greenish ; May. Fruit with a greenish husk, enclosing a yellowish nut ; ripe in November. The leaves vary in length from 18 in. to 20 in., and are composed of from 7 to 9 leaflets ; whereas in C. alba, the shell-bark hickory, the leaflets are in- variably 5. The barren catkins are long, glabrous, filiform, and pendulous ; 3 being united on a common petiole, attached to the bases of the young shoots. The fertile flowers appear, not very conspicuously, at the extremity of the 1425. C. sulcata. # shoots of the same spring. They are succeeded by a large oval fruit, more than 2 in. long, and 4 or 3 inches in circumference. It has four depressed seams, which, at complete maturity, open throughout their whole length for the escape of the nut. The shell is thick, and of a yellowish hue ; while that of the C. alba is white. 3f 7. C. PORCi^NA Nutt. The Vig-nut Carya, or Hickory. Identification. Nutt. Gen. N. Amer. PL, 2. p. 222. Synont/Tnes. Jilglans ^orovaa. a obcorAaXiL Michx. Arh. 1. p. 206. ; J. porcina var. with fruit round, and somewhat rough, MichiV. North Amer. Si/lva ] . p. 196. ; J. ol)Cor- dSta MUhlenb. in Nov. Act. Sac Nat. Sa'ut. Berot. 3. p. 392. ; Pig-nut, Hog-nut, Broom Hickory. En^raviTigs. Michx. Arb., 1. t. 9. f. 3, 4. ;" North Amer. Sylva, 1. t. 38. f. 3, 4. ; Dend. Brit., t. 167. ; and our figs. 1426, 1427. and 142S. Spec. Char,, S^c. Leaflets 5 — 7 in a leaf, ovate-acuminate, serrate, glabrous, dotted beneath with dots of resinous matter ; ter- minal leaflet sessile. Nut obcordate. Fruit round, somewhat rough. (Michx.} See our fig. 1426. a, and Jig. 1428. a. A lofty tree. North America, in the middle, western, and southern states, on the bor- 1425. ,.. poreina. I.XVll. JUGLANDA^CEiE : C.\RYA. 741 ders of swamps. Height 70 ft. to 80 ft. Intiod. 1756. Flowers greenish ; May. Fruit with a greenish husk, enclosing a brownish nut ; ripe November. 1 127. C. poiclna. Farieti/. S C. jo. 2 glabra. Juglans porcina /3 ficiformis Mickx. Arb. i. p. 209. ; J. glabra Jiu/i/. in JVov. Act. Soc. Nat. &c. iii. p. 391. (Our fgs. 1426. b, and 1428. b.) — Husk of the fruit shaped like a small fig, instead of being round, like the species. The leaves generally consist of three pairs of leaflets, and an odd one. The leaflets are 4 or o inches long, acuminated, serrated, nearly sessile, and glabrous on both sides. On vigorous trees which grow in shady exposures the petiole is of a violet colour. The husk of the fruit is thin, of a beauti- ful green; and, when ripe, it opens through half .its length for the passage of the nut, which is small, smooth, and very hard, on account of the thickness of the shell. The kernel is sweet, but meagre, and difficult to extract, from the firmness of the partition. These nuts, in America, are never carried to market, but serve for food for swine, ra- coons, and numerous squirrels which people the forests. The wood is stronger and better than that of any other kind of hickory. There were numerous specimens in the Bois de Boulogne in 1840, which were sown by Michaux ills in 1822. V 8. C. myristic^fo'bmis Nutt. The Nutmeg-like-/n«'fe(/ Carya, or Nutmeg Hickory. Iilcntification. Nutt. Gen. Amer. PI., 2. p. 222. 3b 3 142S- C. porclnft. 742 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. S7/nonyme. JilgTans myristicsefSnnis Michx. Arh. 1. p. 211. Engravings. Michx. Arb., 1. t. 10. ; North Anier. Sylva, t. 39. ; and our Jig. 1429. Spec. Char., S(c. Leaflets, in a leaf, 9 ; ovate-acuminate, serrate, glabrous ; the terminal one nearly sessile. Fruit ovate, roughish. Nut oval, with a small point at each end, even, brovcn with longitudinal lines of white ; in which it resembles a nutmeg, which is the seed of Myrlstica moschata ; and hence the epithet myristicEeformis. {Michx.) A large deciduous tiee. South Carolina. _- ..... (, . . 1429. C. myristicffifijrmis. Very little is known or this tree, which Michaux described from a branch and a handful of nuts, which were given to him by a gardener at Charleston. S 9. C. microca'kpa Nutt. The small-fruited Carya, or Hickory. Identification. Nutt. Gen. N. Amet. PI., 2. p. 221. Engraving. Oxirjig. 1430. from a specimen in the Museum of the Jardin des Plantes, at Paris. Spec. Char., S^c. Leaflets, in a leaf, about 5 ; oblong-lanceolate, conspicuously acuminate, argutely serrulate, glabrous ; glandular beneath ; terminal one subpetiolate. Fruit subglo- bose. Husk thin. Nut partly quadrangular, small ; its shell rather thin, its mucro obso- lete and truncate. Fruit much like that of C. tomen- t6sa,,and eatable; but very small, the nut not exceed- ing the size of a nutmeg. Catkins trifid, very long, gla- brous, without involucre ; scales 3-parted, their lateral segments ovate, the central one linear. Anthers pilose, mostly 4, sometimes 3, some- tim.es 5. Female flowers 2 or 3 together ; common pe- duncle bracteolate. Seg- ments of the calyx very long, and somewhat leafy. Stigma sessile, discoid, 4-lobed, some- what rhomboidal. (Nuttall) A large deciduous tree. Phi- ladelphia, on the banks of the Schuylkill. 1433. C. microcHrpa. Other Species of Cdrya. — C. ambigua (/iiglans ambigua Michx.) is de- scribed in books, but not yet introduced ; C. pub^scens Link is supposed to have been introduced ; and C. rigida {J. rigida Lodd. Cat.) is in the Hackney Arboretum, but appears to be only a variety of C. alba. C. integrifolius Spreng. (Hicoriiis integrifolivis Rajinesque) is probably an imaginary species. From the circumstance of ihe species of ./uglans and Carya crossing so freely with one another, and the seeds of the produce coming true to the cross- breeds thus produced, it is not unlikely that some of the species, even of the native woods of America, may have been so originated. The fact stated in p. 733. respecting a hybrid between ./uglans regia and /. nigra would seem tu justify these remarks. i.XVn. JUGLANDA^CEiE: PTEROCA^RYA. Genus III. 743 PTEROCA'RYA Kunth. The Pterocarya. Lin. Si/st. Monoe'cia ? Polyandria. Identification^ Kunth in An. Sciences Naturelles, 2. p. 346. ; Lindley Nat. Syst. of Bot., p. 180. Synont/Tne. t/liglans sp. l.in. Ueriviition. Pteron^ a wing ; karua, the common walnut. The fruit has wings ; and, except in these, resembles that of the walnut. Gen. Char., Sfc. Flowers unisexual, monoecious. — Male flowers in spikes. Stamens in a flower many. — Female flowers in long pendulous spikes; and distant, sessile, and without bracteas. Calyx connate with the ovary. Ovary and part of the calyx flagon-shaped, bearing two wings above the base ; their direction transverse and oblique ; cell 1 ; ovule 1, erect. Style 1, very short. Stigmas 2, large, spreading, revolute. Fruit sub-drupa- ceous, angled ; having two wings, as the ovary ; much tapered to the tip, not opening ; containing a bony nut, which has 4 cells in its lower part, whose partitions do not extend to the top. (G. Don.") Leaves compound, alternate, exstipulate, deciduous ; leaflets about 17, ses.sile, unequal at the base, not dotted, serrate. Fruit small. Decaying leaves brown. — A tree, deciduous ; native of the eastern part of Caucasus ; propagated by layers, but the plant is somewhat tender. ^E 1. P. cauca'sica Knnth. The Caucasian Pterocarya. Identification. Kunth in Annal. des Scien. Nat., 2. p. 346. Syntmymes. JDglans Pterocarya Mickx. Ft. Bor. Arncr. % p. 192.. Mey. Verz. PJlanz. Cauc. p. 134. ; iihds obscilrum J?t^6. FL. Taur. Cauc. No. 606. j J. /raxinifblia LajMtmd MS.. N. Du Ham. 4. p. 182. ; Fr£xinus Ijevigata Hort. Par. Engravings. Out Jig. 1431. from a seedling plant; the plate of this tree in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. vii. ; and^. 1432. from a plant in the Horticultural Society's Garden. I4.'1 P. caucdsica. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaflets, in a leaf, about 19 ; ovate-oblong, acuminate, argutely serrate, glabrous ; each with the lower or hinder side of its base attached to the petiole. {hawMrch^ A low deciduous tree. Mount Caucasus, in moist woods. Height 20 ft. to 40 ft. Introduced in ? 1800. Flowers greenish ; May. 3b 4 744 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. For small gardens and diminutive arboretums, this tree may- serve very well to exemplify the ./uglandaceffi. Care should be taken to train it to a single stem, and not to plant it in soil so rich and moist as to prevent it from ripening its wood. Perhaps, also, something might be gained in point of hardi-, ness by grafting it upon the common walnut; either on the collar of the stock, in order to form dwarf trees or bushes ; or standard high, in order to form trees that would from the first have clear straight stems, and as they wotdd ripen their wood better, in consequence of growing slower than the low trees or bushes, so they would perhaps show blossoms and ripen fruit. 14:12. p. caucAsica. Order LXVIII. SALICA'CEM. OitD. Char. Flowers unisexual, disposed in aments, one in the axil of each scale. — Male flowers disposed in cylindrical catkins, with a small gland-like perianth, and from 2 — 30 stamens, which are sub-adnate to the gland, generally distinct, rarely monadelphous. — Female flowers disposed in dense ovate or cylindrical catkins, each with a free simple perianth. Ovarium superior. Style 1. Stigmas 2, often bifid. Capsule 1-celled, 2-valved, many-seeded. Seeds small, pendulous, downy. Albumen none. (G. Don.) Leaves simple, alternate, stipulate, deciduous ; serrated or entire. Flowers in catkins. JDecaying leaves yellow or black. — Trees deciduous ; natives of Europe, Asia, and North America. The genera are two, which are thus characterised : — ■ SVYix L. Bracteas entire. Stamens 1 — 3. Po'puLus L. Bracteas jagged. Stamens 8. Genus I. W\fp -JlILlJLl! "1 5A'LIX L. The Willow. Lin. Syst. Dice'cia Diandria. Uentification. Lin. Gen., .514. ; Juss., 408; Smith in Rees's Cyclo., vol. 31. ; Fl. Br 1039 ■ Tnnm t. 364. ; Lam., t. 802. ; Gsrtn., t. 90. i • , ^i- iJr., luaj. , lottm., Synonymes. Harab, Hebrew ; Ilea, Gr. ; Salix, Lat. ; Saule, Fr. ; Weide and Felber Gr ■ Salcio Hal. ; Sauze, Spa?i. ; Wide, Swed. j Wilge, Flem. ; Witliig, Anglo-Sax. : Willow w'ithv 'Sallow' Osier, En^l. ; Saugh, Scotch. ■" * Berivation. From sal, near, and Us, water, Celtic ; in reference to its general habitat Accordin" to others, from satire, to leap ; on account of the extraordinary rapidity of its growth. ° Gen. Char., ^c. Braetea to the 'flower of each sex entire.— Male flower consisting of 1—5 stamens, more in a few species, and of one or' more glands inserted contiguously to the stamens. — Female flower consisting of a pistil that is stalked or sessile, or nearly sessile, and one or more glands inserted contiguously to it. (G. Bon.) Leaves simple, alternate, stipulate, deciduous ; more or less lanceolate and serrated. Flowers yellow. Decaying leaves mostly yellow. Trees or shrubs, deciduous ; natives of Europe, Asia, Africa, and North America readily propagated by cuttings in any moist soil. 1.XVIII. 5ahca'ce^ : SA^Lix. 745 The species vary from 2 or 3 inches to 30 or 60 feet, and even to 80 or 90 feet, in height. The branches are round and flexible ; the leaves in all cases deciduous, and the sexes, with scarcely any exceptions, on different plants. The appearance of the male plant and the female plant, of the same species, is generally mare or less different ; and hence one of the great difficulties in the study of this genus, the species of which may be described as in a state of inextricable confusion. The growth of the dwarfest species, such as S. herbacea, is slow, and, in its native habitat, not above 1 in. a year, and often not so much '; that of the larger shrubs, in their native habitats, varies from 5 or 6 inches to as many feet, especially when the plants are }'oung or newly cut down. The growth of some of the kinds cultivated for basket-making or hoops, in good soil, when cut down every year or every two years, is often from 8 ft. to 12 ft. in a. single season. The growth of the tree kinds, more especially of S. alba and S. RusseWiana, is equally rapid when joung ; so that in ten years, in the climate of London, in suitable soil, and within reach of water, these kinds will attain the height of 50 or 60 feet. The branches of most of the tree kinds have an upward direction, and have a flame-like motion in the wind, as in S. alba ; but in others they are spreading, as in S. caprea ; and, in one instance, drooping in a very decided manner, as in S. babylonica. Almost all the willows are found naturally either in a cold soil and moist climate, or, if in a sandy soil, within reach of water. The low-growing kinds are sometimes, however, found in dry arid soils ; but in such soils they are never in a thriving state. Willows are very seldom found growing on moist peat bogs ; the only species observed in such situations by Steele being the S. caprea and the S. pentandra, and these only sparingly in peat bog that was dry. All the willows are propagated by cuttings ; though some of the more rare alpine kinds root with difficulty. Some species propagate very readily frorii seeds ; and there can be little doubt that grafting, inarching, and other similar modes of propagation, would be as successful in this genus as in most others. The best kinds of willow for growing as timber trees are : — S. alba, which will attain the height of from 60 ft. to 80 ft. in 20 years. S. TinsseWidna and S. fragilis, which are frequently confounded ; and, indeed, in external appearance, differ very slightly from each other except in size : S. Russelhana growing as rapidly, and to as great a height, as S. Slba ; but S. fragilis, though it grows with equal rapidity, not attaining so great a height. S. caprea, and some of its allied kinds, which grow as rapidly as 5. fragilis for three or four years ; and will attain nearly the same height as that species in the same time ; that is, on good soil, from 30 ft. to 40 ft. in twenty years : according to Bosc, S. caprea is the most valuable of all the tree willows grown in France. Other willows which attain a timber-like size, or about 30 or 40 feet in twenty years, are, S. triandra, S. rotundata, S. lucida, iS". Meyeridna, S. prae'cox, S. Pontederana:, S. acuminata, S. pentandra, S. vitellina, and S. amygdalina. Many of the other species, in good soil, if allowed sufficient room, and trained to a single stem, would attain the size and character of trees ; but with a view to timber, the four species first mentioned, viz. S. alba, S. Russelhawa, S. fragilis, and S. caprea, are alone worth cultivating. The best sorts for coppice-wood are 5. caprea and its allied kinds. Almost all the species of willows may be grown for basket rods, but some are greatly preferable to others. The most vigorous-growing basket willow is, unquestionably, S. viminalis ; and it is also the sort most generally cul- tivated for that purpose. It has no disadvantage that we are aware of, except that in cold wet seasons, and in a moist soil, it does not always ripen the points of its shoots. S. rubra, S. Forbydna, S. decipiens, and S. stipularis are excellent species, of less vigorous growth than S. viminalis, which ripen the points of their shoots perfectly in most seasons : the best of these is, perhaps, S. Forbydna. S. triandra is nearly as vigorous as S. viminalis. S. helix, S. vitellina, and S. purpurea are very desirable species where small 746 ARBORETUM E'J' FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. tough rods are required. Various other sorts might be mentioned ; but these we consider as by far the most valuable. As gardenesque objects, all the shrubby species of willow, as well as the trees, will have most effect when trained to a single stem, if only to the height of 2 or 3 feet. This alone gives them the character of art. All the trailing sorts, such as S. herbacea, S. reticulata, &c., to be truly gardenesque, ought to be grafted standard high for the same reason. For picturesque decoration in artificial scenery, all the upright .shrubby and tree willows may be scat- tered or grouped along the margin of water ; and all the creeping or trailing kinds placed on rockwork, and left to take their natural shapes. Such species of willow as S. pentandra, S. lucida, and one or two others, from having little of the aspect common to the willow family, and, consequently, their forms not being associated with the idea of moist soil or water, may be placed near a house, or in a shrubbery or flower-garden, on account of their fragrance and early blossoms; but this cannot be recommended with respect to willows in general, which, whether as shrubs or trees, always convey the idea of the vicinity of water or of marshy ground. The great master in the genus 5alix, considered in a botanical point of view, is Professor Koch ; but, in the present state of our knowledge of this genus in Britain, we have deemed it best to follow Mr. Borrer, whose groups have been adopted by Sir W. J. Hooker, and almost all other British botanists. Those who wish to study Koch's arrangement will find it given at length in the Arb, Brit., 1st edit., p. 1486. and 1633., in which is also given the arrange- ment of Hooker. Our descriptions in this abridgement are necessarily exceed- ingly brief, and we must, therefore, refer the reader who wishes to enter into the subject at length to our 1st edition, in which p. 1433. to p. 1636. are occu- pied with the genus jSalix. In the present edition, through the kindness of Mr. Borrer, we have indicated the principal species which represent each group, immediately after the characteristic feature of that group. Group i. Purpurea: Koch, Borrer. Mon^ndrje is the name adopted for this group in Hook. Br. Fl., ed. 3. ; but Mr. Borrer considers PurpflreEP preferable, because it is talten, lilcp the name of each of the other groups in this arrange- ment, from the name of a species included in that group. PurpiireBe, too, is the name given by Koch to the same group. 0.mT Willows, with one Stamen in a Flower. The principal species, according to Mr. Borrer, are 1. 4. and 6. Filament I, bearing an anther of 4 lobes and 4 cells ; or, in S. rilbra, forked, and each branch bearing an anther of 2 lobes and 2 cells. Germen sessile. Catkins very compact. — Trees of low stature, or shrubs with twiggy branches, and leaves that are more or less lanceolate, and serrated, and often broader upwards. Interior part of the bark, in most, yellow, and verv bitter {Hook. Br. Fl.) The leaves of nearly all of the kinds of this group turn black in drying. The inner bai-k of most of the kinds included in this group is extremely bitter, which renders the plants suitable for banks of rivers, and other places which ai'e infested by rats, as the bitterness prevents these animals from eating it. 36 1. S. purpu'rea L. The purple Willow. Identification. Lin. Sp. PI., 1444. ; Eng. Fl., 4. p. 187. ; Hook. Br. Fl., ed. 3., p. 417. T/ie Sexes. Both sexes are figured in Eng. Bot., and are in cultivation in some English collections. Synonyme. S. purptirea Koch Comm, p. 25. Engravings. Eng. Bot, t. 1318. ; Hayne Abbild., i. 169. j omjig. 1433. ; andj% 1. in p. 791. LXVin. MLICA CEjE : sa lix. 747 Spec. Char., ^c. Branches trailing, decumbent. Leaves partly opposite, obovate-lanceolate, serrated, very smooth, narrow at the base. Stamen 1. Stigmas very short, ovate, nearly sessile. (Smith.) A shrub. Britain. Height 3 ft. to 4 ft. in a wild state ; 5 ft. in cultivation. Flowers jellow ; March and April ; earUer than the foliage. Varieties. Koch, in his De Salicibus Europcds Comvientatio, has described six ; but he includes the S. helix and Lambertwina (to be described as species below) as two of them. See Arb. Brit., 1st edit. Branches of a rich and shining purple, with a somewhat glaucous hue, and much esteemed for the finer sorts of basketwork. 143S. S. purviirea. S4 S 2. 5. heYix L. The Helix, or Rose, Willow. Uentlfictition, Lin. Sp. PI., 1444. ; Eng. Fl., 4, p. 188. i Hook. Br. Fl., ed. 3., p. 417. Synonymes. S. purpurea var. Koch Comm. p. 25.; ? S. oppositifdlia Host Sal. Austr. 1. p. II. t. 3S, 39. The Sexes. Both sexes are figured in Sal. Wob., and also in Ejtg. Bot. \ but Mr. Borrer believes that the catkins of female dowers represented in the latter are those of S. ForbyiiMfl ; if those of helix, they are much too thick. Mr. Borrer having only seen the male of S. h61ix, and the female of S. Lambert/dno, is inclined to regard them as the two sexes of one species. Engravings. Eng. Bot., t. 1343., the male plant ; Hayne Abbild., t. 170. ; aziAJig. 2. in p. 791 Spec. Char., S^c, Branches erect. Leaves partly opposite, oblong-lanceolate, pointed, slightly serrated, very smooth ; linear towards the base. Stamen 1. Style nearly as long as the linear divided stigmas. (Smith.) A low, upright, deciduous tree. Britain. Height 10 ft. to 12 ft. Flowers yellow ; IVIarch and April. Branches smooth, polished, of a pale yellowish or purplish ash colour, tough, and pliable ; less slender and elongated than those of S. purpiirea, though useful for the coarser sorts of basketwork. The branches, which are 3-ellow, and the mode of growth, which is erect, render this species easily distinguishable from the preceding. The name rose-willow relates to rose- like expansions at the ends of the branches, which are caused by the depo- sition of the egg of a cynips in the summits of the twigs, in consequence of which they shoot out into numerous leaves, totally different in shape from the other leaves of the tree, and arranged not much unlike those composing the flower of a rose, adhering to the stem even after the others fall off : on this account this is a very desirable species. * 3. S. LAMBERT/ySV/( Smith. Lambert's, or the Bot/ton, Willow. Identification. Smith Eng Fl., 4. p. 190. ; Hook. Br. Fl., ed. 3. p. 417. Si/ncmyme. S. purpurea (3 Koch Comm. p. 25. T/ie Sexes. Both are figured in Ejig, Bot. and Sat. Wob. Mr. Borrer has only seen the female of this and the male of 5. hdlix, and thinks they are the two sexes o^one species. Engravings. Eng. Bot., t. 1359. ; Sal. Wob., No. 3. ; and.^g. 3. in p. 791. Spec. Char., ^c. Branches erect. Leaves partly opposite, obovate-lanceolate, pointed, serrated, smooth ; rounded at the base. Stipules none. Stamen 1. Stigmas ovate, obtuse, notched, very short, nearly sessile. (Smith.) A low tree, of the size and habit of S. helix, but very distinct from it at first sight, particularly in the tender summits of the young growing branches, which, with their purplish glaucous hue, and some degree of downiness, resemble those of a honeysuckle. ffi 4. S. WooiA,GKB.lA^NA Borr. WooUgar's Willow. Identmcatton. Borr. in Eng. Bot. Supp., t. 2661 . ; Hook. Brit. Fl., ed. 3., p. 417. Stinonvmes S monSndra Sal. Wob. No. 4. ; S. monandra var. Hiiffm. Hist. Sal. 1. p. 21. t. 1. f. 1. The Sexes The female is figured in Eng. Bot. Supp., and both sexes in Sal. Wob. ; yet Mr. Borrer, in his elucidation of this kind, published in Eng. Bot. Supp., subsequently to the publication of *J/t/ Wob remarks that he is unacquainted with the male flowers. Engraving's. Sal. Wob., No. 4. ; Eng. Bot. Supp., t. 2661. ; and^. 4. in p. 791. Spec. Char., Sfc. Erect. Leaves cuneate-lanceolate, serrated, glabrous. Sta- 748 ARBORETUM ET ERUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. men 1. Ovary ovate, very pubescent, sessile, downy. Stigmas nearly sessile, ovate, scarcely emarginate. (^Hoo/e.) An erect bush. Height 6 ft. to 8 ft. England, about Lewes, Sussex, in hosier holts, but scarcely wild ; at Kingston upon Thames, apparently wild. Flowers yellow ; May. A very beautiful species, at 5. S. FoRBYA^NA Smith. Forby's Willow, or the fine Basket Osier. Identification. Smith Eng. Fl, 4. p. 191. ; Hook. Br. FI., ed. 3., p. 418. Synonymes. S. fissa Lin. Soc. Trans. ^ not of Hoff. (Smith') ; S. Tthra 13 Koch Comm. p. 27. the Sexes. The female is described in En^;, Fl., and figured in Eng. Bat. The male is not known. Engravings. Eng. Bot., t. 1344. ; Sal. Wob., No. 6. ; N. Abbild., t. 172. ; mifig. 5. in p. 791. Spec. Char., Sfc. Branches erect. Leaves alternate, with small stipules, lanceo- late-oblong, with shallow serratures, smooth, rounded at the base, glaucous beneath. Stamen 1. Style nearly as long as the linear divided stigmas. (Smith.) An erect deciduous shrub. England. Height 5 ft. to 8 ft. Flowers yellow; Api-il. The shoots are slender, smooth, very flexible, and tough ; of a greyish yellow, not purple, hue ; and very valuable for the finer sorts of wickerwork, for basket-making, and for bands for tying faggots and packets. a It Q. S. ru'bra Huds. The red, or green-leaved. Willow, or Osier. Identification. Huds. Fl. Angl., p. 42S. ; Smith's Eng. Fl., 4. p. 191. ; Hook. Br. Fl., ed. 3., p. 418. Synont/mcs. The name riibra seems to be originally given to 5. vitelllna, a reddish [? twigged] variety of which was confounded with S. rtibra Huds. , S. lineJiris Wallcer^s Essays p. 467., on the authority of Borrer. The Sexes. Both are described in Eng. Fl. ; and the female is figured in Eng. Bot. and Sal. Wob. Engravings. Eng. Bot., 1. 1145. ; Sal. Wob., No. 6. , and 0\xvjig. 6. in p. 792. Spec. Char., Sfc. Stamens combined below in a manner which affi)rds a cha- racter in which it differs from all other British kinds of willow, except S. Croweana, and from nearly all the foreign kinds. Mr. Borrer, however, has observed the same thing occasionally in S. fiisca, and in several of the Ci- neres. " Leaves linear-lanceolate, elongate, acute, smooth, with shallow serratures ; green on both sides. Stigmas ovate, undivided." {Smith.) A large shrub or low tree. England, in low meadows and osier holts, as at Maidenhead, &c., but rare ; in Scotland, frequent in hedges and osier grounds. Height ] ft. to 20 ft. Flowers yellow ; May and April. One of the most valuable osiers in cultivation, for bands, crates, basketwork or wickerwork, and even small hoops. Group ii. Acutifblim Borrer. {Syn. Pruinosffi Koch.) Willows with dark Hark, covered with a fine Bloom. Principal species, 7,8. t ifj Stamens 2, distinct. — Tall shrubs, or becoming trees. Bark of the branches and shoots of a dark colour ; that of the branches suffused with a whitish matter, which is the character implied by Koch's term PruinosiE. This matter is easily rubbed off. The bark is internally yellow, as in Group i. Foliage of a lively green. Leaves lanceolate, acuminately pointed, serrate, glossy ; in many instances, downy when young, subsequently glabrous. Ovary and capsule sessile, or nearly so. Slit 1. S. acdtifo'lia Willd. The pointed-leaved Willow. Identification. Willd. Sp. PI., 4. p. 668. ; Koch Comm., p. 22. Synom/me. S. oioiacea Andr. Bot. Rep. t. .581. ; but not S. oiolJicea Willd., nor the S. cispica Hort. (.Willd.) *^ The Se.xes. The male is figured in Sal. Wob.; and is, perhaps, the only one cultivated in British collections. Koch has implied that the female was unknown to tlim in any state. Engravings. Andr. Bot. Rep., 581. ; Sal. Wob., No. 26. j and oar Jig. 25. in p. 794. Spec. Char., ^c. Leaves linear-lanceolate, acuminated, smooth, with blunt unequal serratures, glaucous beneath. Catkins of the male about 1 in. long. {Willd?) A smalltree. Podolia. Height 10 ft. to 15 ft. Introduced Lxviii. salica'ce^ : sa^hx. 749 previously to 1810. Flowers yellow ; March and April, before the ex- pansion of the leaves. Branches dark violet-coloured, slender, upright, and covered all over with a whitish powder, like the bloom of a plum. A very beautiful species. 2 8. S. BAPHNoi DES Villars. The Daphne-like Willow. Idenlification. Vill. Dauph., 3. p. 766. ; Koch Comm., p. 23. Synmiymes. S. pra-^cox lioppe in Slurm D. Ft. I. 26. ; S. bigemmis Hqffin. Germ. 2. p. 260. ; S. cinSiea Hasl Sal. Austr. 1. p. 8. t. 26, 27. Mr. Borrer, in a letter, has remarked that Smith has erroneously cited, in his Flara Brit, S. rfaphnoldes Villars as a synonyme of 5. ciiidrea Smith ; and that this has led Koch to cite S. cinSrea Smith as a synonyme of 5. (faphnoldes Villars. The Seies. Both sexes are figured in Sal. Wob., and in Host Sal. Austr. Engravings. Vill. Dauph., 3. t. 50. f.7. ?or3. t. 6. f. 2. : Host Sal. Aust., 1. t. 26, 27. ; our flc. 1434. in p. 750. ; and^. 26. in p. 796. Spec. Char., S(c. Leaves broadly lanceolate, and pointed, with glandular ser- ratures, smooth, glaucous beneath. Catkins appearing before the leaves. Ovary sessile, ovate, smooth. Style elongated. (Fi//.) A rapid-growing tree, with dark greyish branches, slightly covered with a powder, or bloom, similar to that of S. acutifolia ; the branches ascending obliquely. Swit- zerland and the South of France. Height 25ft. to 30 ft. Introduced in 1820. Flowers yellow, from large crimson buds in February. A very ornamental species, as appears by the engraving in the following page. S 9. S. pomera'nica Willd. The Pomeranian Willow. Identification. Willd. Eoum. Supp., 66. ; Forbes in Sal. Wob., No. 153. Synonyme. S. daphnoldes Villars, var. with narrower leaves, and more slender catkins. {Koch Comm. p. 23.) Mr. Borrer, in his manuscript list of grouped species, has indicated it as being probably a variety of 5. daphnoldes. The Sexes. The female is described in Sal. Wob. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves lanceolate, tapering at both extremities, serrated ; smooth and shining above, glaucous underneath. Stipules ovate, serrated ; their margins generally revolute. Catkins about 1 in. long. Ovary ovate, smooth. Style longer than the parted stigmas. {Willd.) A rapid-growing tree. Pomerania. Height 20 ft. to 30 ft. Introduced in 1822. Flowers yellow ; February and March. The branches are long, smooth, round, shining, and copiously covered with small yellow dots : the preceding year's shoots are covered with a violet- coloured powder, similar to that on the shoots of S. acutifolia. Group iii. Triandrce Borrer. (Syn. ^mygdalinse Koch.) Osier Willows, with three Stamens in a Flower. Prin. sp. 14, 15. m Stamens 3 Leaves lanceolate, approaching to ovate, serrated, glabrous, having l.irge, rounded, toothed, more or less deciduous, stipules. Flowers loosely disposed in the catkin. Pistil stalked. Ovary mostly glabrous. — Most "of the kinds constitute excellent osiers, and become trees if left to themselves. (Hoo/c.) The kinds may be denominated, generally, the osiers with 3 stamens in a flower. Most, or all, when in the state of larger shrubs and trees, have their older bark exfoliated in broad patches, as in Platanus occidentalis L. and P. orientalis L. Most, or all, are ornamental as shrubs, for their lanceolate, glossy, serrated leaves, and their flowers. la 10. .S". UNDULA^TA Kuch, Hooher. The wavy-fcaued Willow. Identification. Koch Comm.. p. 20 i Hook. Fl. Br., ed. 3., p. 419. ; ? Hayne Abbild, p. 220. Synonymes. Koch has cited as identical with, or included in, S. undulita, the following kmds : — S. undulata Ehrh. ; S. lanceolMa Smith. The Sexes. The female is figured in Eng. Bot., t. 1436. ; and is described in Eng. Fl. Engravings. Eng. Bot., t. 1436. ; oar fig. 1435. ; undfigs. 13. and 14. in p. 793. Spec. Char., 8;c. Leaves lanceolate, acuminate through much of their length, serrulate at the tip, and minutely crenulate at the base ; at first i50 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. l'J.^4. S. i/ajjhr.UiduK LXVIII. SALICA^CE^ : SA^LIX. 751 1455. S. undulkla. fiabescent, but becoming glabrous ; wavy at the edge, or not. Stipules half-heart-shaped. Catkin peduncled upon a leafy twiglet. Bractea bearded at the tip. Stamens 3. Capsule ovate-conical, more or less pubescent or gla- brous, stalked ; the stalk twice the length of the gland. Style elongated. Stigmas bifid. {Koch.) A bushy tree. Germany and England, on the banks of streams. Height 12 ft. to 15 ft. Flowers yellow ; April and May. Varieties. ¥ as S. u. 2. 5. undulata Forbes in Sal. Wob. No. 13. * a S. «. 3. S. lanceolata Smith Eng. Bot. t. 1436., Eug. Fl. p. 168., Forbes in Sal. Wob. No. 14. S ai S. «. having the catkins androgynous. — S. undulata occurs in case. {Koch Comm, p. 20.) * 11. 5. HippoPHAEFo'LiA Thuillier. The Sea-Buckthorn-leaved Willow, Osier, described in our 1 st edit., does not appear to be introduced. a S 12. S. tria'sdra L. The S-stamened-Jlowered Willow, or Osier. 1. V. this 1436. S. tri4ndra. 752 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. Identi/kation. Lin. Sp. PI., 1442. ; Eng. Fl., 4. p. 166. ; Hook. Fl. Br., ed. 3., p. 419. Sj/nonyme, S. amygdSIina, part of, Koch Comm. p. 19. The Sexes. Both sexes are figured in Ene. Bot. and 5a/. IVob. Engravings. Eng. Bot., t. 1436.; Sal. Wob., No. 15.; onvfig' H36. ; aniftg. M. in p. 793. Spec. Char., ^c. Leaves linear-oblong, serrated, glabrous, rather uuequalb sloping at the base. Stamens 3. Ovary stalked, ovate, compressed, gla^ brous. Stigmas nearly sessile. Bractea (or scale) clothed externally with fine, long, spreading, more or less plentiful hairs. Bractea glabrous. {Hook, and SviU/i.) An upright tree. Britain, in wet woods and osier grounds. Height 20 ft. to 30 ft. Flowers yellow ; May. Leaves always perfectly glabrous. Extensively cultivated for the long tough rods which it produces when cut down, which are in frequent use for wickerwork, hoops, &c. Varieties. sfc S S. t. 2 gdllica. The French Willow. — So called, and cultivated, in Sussex, and the eastern parts of England. &1 S. i. 3 Hopjjeana.. S. androgyna Hoppe. — Characterised by having some catkins composed partly of male and partly of female flowers. s t S. i. 4. ^. triandra undulata Mcrtens, hied. — Approaches to S. amygdalina. at ¥ 13. S. HoFFMANNZ//V^ Smith. Hoffmann's Willow, or Osiei: Identification. Smith EnR. Fl., 4. p. 168. ; Hook. Br. Fl., ed. 3., p. 420. Synonyiite. S. triindra liqff'ni., S. HoffmannitjHa Sm., seems to be ttie 5. tri&ndra of German bo- tanists in general. The Sexes. The male is ligured in Eng. Bot. Suppl. and in Sal. Wob. ; a notice relative to what has been regarded as the female is given in Eng. Flora. Engravings. Iloff. Sal., 1. 1. 9, 10., and 23. f. 2. ; Eng. Bot. Suppl., t. 2620. ; and^ig. 16. in p. 794. Spec. Char., S^c. Leaves ovate-oblong, serrated, smooth, slightly. rounded at the base. Stamens 3. Ovary stalked, ovate, compressed, glabrous. Stig- mas nearly sessile. (Smith.) A much-branched deciduous shrub, or crooked tree. Bi'itain, in Sussex, on the sides of streams. Height 6 ft. to 12 ft. Flowers yellow ; May. 5: 14. S. .^mygda'una L. The A\mond-leaved Willow, or Osier. Identification. Lin. Sp PI., 1443. ; Eng. Fl., 4. p. 169. ; Hook. Br. Fl., ed. 3., p. 420. Synonyme. S. (7mygdalina, part of, Koch Comm. p. 18. The Sexes. Both sexes are figured in Eng. Bot. and Sal. Wob. Engravings. Eng. Bot., t. 1636. ; Sal. Wob., No. 18. j om Jig. 1437. ; and^. 18. in p. 794. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves ovate, serrated, glabrous, rounded, and unequal at the base. Stamens 3. Ovary ovate, compressed, smooth ; its, stalks almost as long as the bractea. Stigmas nearly sessile. Young branches furrowed. Down of the seeds shorter, and less abundant, than in S. triandra. A tree. Britain, on the banks of rivers and ditches. Height 20 ft. to 30 ft. Flowers yellow ; April and May, and, for the second time, in August. ± 15. S. ViLLARS7.^^2\?/i Fliigge et Willd. Villars's Willow, or Osier. Identification. Flu":gc in Litt., quoted in Willd. Sp. PI., 4. p. 655. ; Smith in Rees's Cycl No 63 lynunymes. S. triaiidra ViUars Detph. 3. p. 762. ; S. oraygdMina var. Koch Comm. p 19 Tlie Sexes Both sexes are described by Willd. ; and the male is figured in Sal Wob Engravings. Sal. Wob , No. 17.; and.^^. 17. in p. 794. Spec. Char., S/c. Leaves elliptical, rounded at the base, pointed at the tij), serrated, whitely glaucous beneath. Catkins appearing with the leaves. Flowers triandrous. Ovary pedicellated, ovate, smooth. Stigmas sessile. (Willd.) A shrub, with dark violet-coloured, shining branches. Dauphinc. Introduced in 1818. Height 5 ft. to H ft. Flowers yellow ; April. Ornamental from its abundant blossoms in early spring, and from its re- markably neat serrated leaves. (See Jig. 17. in p. 794.) Lxviii. 5alica^ce;e : sa^lix. ■53 1437. S. amysd&lir 3c 754 ARBORETFJM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. Group iv. PentandrcE Borrer. Trees having Flowers with 3—5 Stamens. Prin. sp. 16, 17, and 18. Stamens in a flower more than 3, in most instances 5. Ovary glabrous. — The plants trees of moderate size. Leaves large, glossy, fragrant, serrated, and having glands in the serratures, from which a resin exudes. Stamens in each catkin So numerous and long, as to render the flowers, which, too, are in perfection at the same time as the foliage, quite handsome, and the trees, in this condition, more ornamental than those of any other group. {Hooi.) t 16. S. pbnta'ndra L. The Hve-stiimened-^owered Willow. Identification, tin. Sp. PI., 1442. ; Eng. Fl., 4, p. 171. ; Hook. Br. Fl., ed. 3., p. 420. Synonymes. S, pentSndra. part of, Kock Comm. p. 13. ; the sweet Willow, or Bay-leaved Willow. The Sexes. Both sexes are figured in Sal Wob. and Hayne's Abbild.j and the male in En^ Bot., with two views of an ovary. Engravings. Eng. Bot., t. ISOii. ; Host Austr., I. t. 1. f. 2. ; our.^. 1438. j and^^. 34. in p. 798. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves ovate, pointed, crenate, glandular, glabrous. Foot- stalks glandular at the summit. Stamens 5 or more, hairy at the base. Ovary ovate, tapering, smooth, nearly sessile. (^Sal. Wub.') An upright tree. Britain, on the banks of rivers and in watery places. Height 18 ft. to 20 ft. Flowers yellow ; June. The flowers are remarkably fragrant, as are the leaves, especially when bruised : the fragrance, which is similar to that of the sweet bay (iaiirus n6bilis), but less powerful, is exuded from the resinous crena- tures of the leaves, and from the barren catkins. It is one of the most desirable species of the genus for planting in pleasure-grounds, on account of the fine display made by the blossoms, their profusion, their abundant fragrance, the smooth, shining, rich deep green of the leaves, and the comparatively slow growth and compact habit of the tree. Variety. t S.p. 2 hermaphrodilica. — Catkins more or less hermaphrodite. t 17. S. Msy-erUna Willd.' Meyer's Willow. Identification. Willd. Berl. Baumz., p. 427. ; Hook. Br. Fl., ed. 3., p. 421. Synonymes. S. cuspidSta Scliuti% \ S. tinct&ria Smith ; S. pentindra j8 l,inn. ; S. hex^ndra Ehrh. \ S. Ehrharta»o Smith ; S. tetrSiidra Witti. The Sexes. The male is figured in Hayne's Abhild. The female is mentioned in Koch Comm., and Hooker's Br. FL, ed. 3., p. 421. Engravings. Hayne Abbild., t. 162. ; our^. 1439. ; a.Tiifig. 33. in p. 798. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves ovate-elliptic, pointed, glabrous ; green and shining above, rather pale beneath but not glaucous ; serrated ; the serratures of the young leaves glandular. Stipules soon falling oS. Stamens 3 — 4. Bractea obtuse, yellow. (Willd.') A handsome tree, with brownish smooth branches, and large broad shining leaves. Pomerania and Sweden, in meadows, and woody and marshy places. Height 80 ft. to 30 ft. Intro- duced in 1822. Flowers yellow ; April. Mr. Borrer states that the insertion of this kind m Hook. Br. Fl., ed. 3., as a native of Britain, arose from a mistake of his. (See Borrer in Comp. to Bot. Mag., p. 223.) t 18. S. Lu^oiDA MUhlenb. The shining-leaved Willow. 1438. S. pent/indra. Identifijcation. Miihlenb. Nov. Act. Soc. Nat. Scrut. Berol., 4. p. 5 Sept., 2. p. 616. ; Michx. North Amer. Sylva, 3. p. 81. Stinonyme. S. Forb&s;Y Sweet Hort. Brit. ed. 1830. 19. t. 6. f. 7. ; Pursh Fl. Amer. LXVIII. SALICA^CE^E : SA^LIX. 755 1439. S. Meyertilfia. 3 c 2 756 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. 1 140. S. Itlcida. The Sexes. The male is figured in Sal. Wob., and noticed in our specific character. Engravings. Nov. Act. Soc. Nat. Scrut. Berol., 4. t. 6. f. 7. ; Michx. North Amer. Sjrlva, 3. t. 125. f. 3. ; our^g. 1440. j andj^;. 32. in p. 798. Spec. Char.., Sj-c. Leaves ovate, acuminate, serrated, glabrous ; shining above, pale beneath ; the serratures resinous. Footstalks glandular. Stipules large, half-heart-shaped, serrated, and furnished with glands. Catkins of the male IJ in. long, or more. Stamens 3^-5, bearded at the base. (5a/. LXVIII. 5AL1CA CEJE : SA LIX. 757 Wob.) A handsome low-growing tree, with the branches of the preceding year of a greyish green colour and smooth, and the young twigs of a yellowish green, somewhat striated or angular at the points. Switzerland, and, perhaps. North America. Introduced in 1812. Height 20 ft. to 30 ft. Flowers yellow j April and May. Group V. Fragiles Borrer. Trees, vnth tAeir Thuigs mostly brittle at the Joints. Prin. sp. 19. 22. and 24. Stamens 2 to a flower. Ovary glabrous, elongated, seated upon a more or less obvious stalk. Flowers very loosely disposed in the catkin. Leaves lanceolate, serrated, glabrous, stipuled. The plants, trees of considerable size. (Hook. Br. FL, ed. 2., adapted.) 2 19. S. babylo'nica. The Babylonian, or weeping. Willow. Identification. Lin. Sp. PI., 1443. ; Smith in Rees's Cyclo., No. 42. ; Koch Comm., p. 17. Synonymes. S. propendens Bering. SaL Bel. p. 73. ; S. orient^hs, &c., Tourn. ; S. ar&bica, &c., C. Batih. 5 Saule pleureur. Parasol du grand Seigneur, Fr. ; Trauer Weide, Thranen Weide, Ger. The Sexes. The female is figured in StU. IVab. ; the male is not Itnown, in a living state, in Britain ; unless it be jS. b. Napoledna, as suggested in p. 758. Engravings. Rauw. It, 25. 183. ; our Jig. 22. in p. 795. ; the plates of this tree in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. vil. ; and our^. 1441. . 1441. S. babjldnica. Spec Char ^c. Leaves lanceolate, acuminate, finely serrated, glabrous , slaucous 'beneath. Catkins protruded at the same time as the leaves. Ovary ovate, sessile, glabrous. {WilU.) A pendulous-branched tree. Asia, on the banks ot the Euphrates, near Babylon, whence its name ; and also 3c 3 758 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. of China, and other parts of Asia ; and of Egypt, and other parts of the North of Africa. Height 39 ft. to 50 ft. Introduced in 1730, or, perhaps, 1692. Flowers greenish yellow ; May. Varieties. There is one very decided variety, commonly treated as a species under the name of S. annularis ; and Mr. Castles of the Twickenham Bo- tanic Garden is of opinion that, exclusive of this variety, there are two forms of the species in the country, one of which he thinks may possibly be the male plant. This form, as it appears to be the same as the plant sent from St. Helena, we shall, till something further has been decided respecting it, call S. b. Napoledna. The varieties will, therefore, stand as under : — S S. 6. 1 vulgaris fosm, Hort. — Young shoots pale green, slender, with an angular twist above the axil of each leaf, and large stipules. It is the most common weeping willow in the neighbourhood of Lon- don, and flowers in June. t S. b. 2 Napoleonsi Hort. — Shoots round, generally reddish, and the leaves without stipules. Sex female. Probably nothing more than the common variety. Introduced from St. Helena in 'i 1823. t S. b. 3 crispa Hort. S. annularis Forbes in Sal. Wob. No. 21., t.l42. s.b. crispa. with a fig. of the female ; the Ring-leaved Willow. Our /^. 21. in p. 794!. ; and the plate of this tree in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. vii. ; and our fig. 1442. — Leaves lanceolate, acuminate, serrated, curled or twisted, glabrous, and glaucous beneath. A well-known ornamental tree in universal cultivation. S 20. S. DECi'pjENS Hoffm. The deceptive. White Welsh, or varnished. Willow. lacniifiiatian. Hoff. Sal., 2. p. 2. t. 31. ; Eng. Fl., 4. p. 184. ; Hook. Br. Fl., ed. 3. Synonymes. S. amerlna Walker Kssmjs on Nat. Hist. ; S. frSgllis, part of, Koch Comm. p. 15. lite bexes. Both sexes are described in Eng. Fl. ; the male is figured in Ene. Bot. and Sal. Wob. Engravings. Hoffm. Sal., 2. t. 31. ; Eng. Bot., t. 1937. ; aurfigSui. ; anijig.^. p. 797 Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves lanceolate, pointed, serrated, very smooth ; floral LXVm. SALICA CEJE : 5A LIX. 769 ones partly obovate and recurved. Footstalks some- what glandular. Ovary tapering, stalked, smooth. Style longer than the cloven stigmas. Branches smooth, highly polished. {Hqffhi.) An upright, but not lofty tree, distinguished by the smooth cluy- •oloured bark of the last j ear's branches, which shine like porcelain, as if varnished ; the shoots of the present year being stained of a fine red or crimson. Britain. Height 30 ft. to 40 ft. Flowers yellow ; May. Frequently cultivated for basketwork ; but it well de- serves a place in ornamental plantations, from the re- mai'kable appearance of its bark during winter. ¥21.5. monta'na Forbes, the Mountain Willow (fig. 19. in p. 794.), is do. scribed in our first edition, p. 1515. t 22. S. fra'gilis L. The biittle-lwigged, or Crac/c, Willow. Identiftcation. Lin. Sp. PL, 1443. ; Eng, I'l., 4. p. 1804. ; Hook. Br. Fl., ed. 3., p. 421. Synoni/me. S. frfigilis, in part, Koch Comm. p. 15. The Sexes. Both sexes are figured in Eng. Bot. and Sat. Wob. Engravings. Lin. Fl. Lapp., No. 349. t. 8. 1'. 4. ; Eng. Bot., t 1807. ; the plate of this tree in Arb. Brit., 1st edit j and our^. 1444 1443. S. dedpic 1444. S. frfigUis. Spec. Char., ^c.. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, pointed, serrated throughout, very glabrous. Footstalks glandular. Ovary ovate, abrupt, nearly sessile, gla- brous. Bracteas oblong, about equal to the stamens and pistils. Stigmas cloven, longer than the style. {Smith.') A tall bushy-headed tree, with the branches set on obliquely, somewhat crossing each other, not continued in a straight line outwards from the trunk ; by which character, Sir J. E. Smith 'observes, it may readily be distinguished even in winter. Britain; common in hedges. Height 80 ft. to 90 ft. Flowers yellow ; April and May. 3 c 4 760 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. The branches are round, very smooth, " and so brittle at the base, in spring, that with the slightest blow they start from the trunk ; '' whence the name of crack willow : though, according to Sir J. E. Smith, this is more or less the case with S. declpiens, and several other species of willows, both native and exotic. ¥ 23. S. monspelie'nsis Forbes (Jig. 30. in p. 797.), the Montpelier Willow, is described in our 1st edit., p. 1517. S 24. S. RussBLLZ^'iV^ Smith. The Russell, or BuTee of Bedford's, Willow. Identification. Eng. Fl., i. p. 186. ; Hook. Br. Fl., ed 3., p. 422. Synonymes. ? 5. fr&gilis IVoodv. ; the Dishley, or Leicestershire, Willow ; in some counties, the Huntingdon Willow. S. pendula Ser. ; S. vlridis Fries \ S. riibens Sckrank. The Sexes. The female is figured in Eng. Sot. and Sal. Wob. Smith, in the Eng. Fl., states that he had not seen the flowers of the male. Dr. Johnston, in his l^ora qf Berwick twon Tweed, states that a male tree, which he has deemed of this species, is in " New-water-haugh Plantation.'* Engravings. Eng. Bot., t. 1808. j our^. 1445. ; and fig. 28. in p. 796. 1445. £■ Russcllfi^nd. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves lanceolate, tapering at each end, serrated throughout, very glabrous. Footstalks glandular or leafy. Ovary tapering, stalked, longer than the bracteas. Style as long as the stigmas. {Smith.) A large handsome tree. Britain, in marshy woods. Height 80 ft. to 90 ft. Flowers yellowish j April and May. LXVIII. salica'ce^ : salix. 761 * he branches are long, straight, and slender, not angular.in their insertion .Jce those of S. fragilis ; and the trees of both species, when stripped of their leaves, may be distinguished respectively by these marks. The cele- brated willow at Lichfield, called Johnson's Willow, of which two portraits are given in our first edition, together with the history of the tree, was of this species. * 25. 5. PuRSH7/(\v^ Borrer, Pursh's Willow, is described in our first edition, p. 1522. Group vi. A'lbce Borrer. Trees of the largest Size, with the Foliage whitish. Prin. sp. 26. and 27. ijii Stamens 2 to a flower. Ovary glabrous. Flowers loosely disposed in the catkin. Leaves lanceolate, serrated with glanded serratures ; hairy, espe- cially while young, with appressed silky hairs, which give to the foliage a light or whitish hue. — Plants trees of considerable height. (Hook.) t 26. S. a'lba L. The whitish-leaved, or common white. Willow. Identification. Lin. Sp. PI., 1449. ; Eng. Fl., 4. p. 231. ; Hook. Br. Fl., ed. 3. Syrwnytnes. S. alba, part of, Koch Co?ttm. p. 16. ; the Huntingdon, or Swallow-tailed, Willow. The Sexes. Both are described in Sng. Fl., and both figured in Eng. Bat. Engravings. Eng. Bot., t. 2430. ; Host Sal. Aust., 1. t. 32, 33.; the plates of this tree in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. vii. ; and oazfigs. 1446, 1447. Spec, Char., Sjc. Leaves elliptic-lanceolate, pointed, serrated, silky on both sides ; the lowest serratures glandular. Stamens hairy. Germen smooth, almost sessile. Stigmas deeply cloven. Scales notched. (Smilh^ A large tree. Norway and Sweden, to the Mediterranean Sea ; North-East and West of Asia; and introduced into the United States. Frequent in Britain, and also in Ireland. Height 50 ft. to 80 ft. Flowers yellow; May. Varieties. S S. a. 2 ccsridea. S. alba var. Smith Fl. Brit. p. 1072. ; S. casrulea Smith Eng. Sot. t.2431. ; S. alba ;3 Smith Eng. Fl. iv. p. 231.; the upland, or red-tinged, Willow, Pontey Profit. Planter, 4th ed., 1814, p. 72. ; the Leicester Willow, Davy's Agricultmal Chemistry, 1st ed.; Blue Willow, Smith ; and our fig. 137. in p. 817. t S. o. 3 aispa Hort. — Leaves narrow, contorted and silky. 2 S. a. 4 rosea Lodd. Cat. ed. 1836. — Aspect reddish. In the North of Europe, the bark of this tree is used for tanning leather, and for dyeing yarn of a cinnamon colour; and the leaves and young shoots are given to cattle in a green state, or dried like the twigs of the birch, and laid up for winter fodder. The inner bark, like that of ' Scotch pine, being kiln-dried, and ground into a fine flour, is mixed with oatmeal, and made into bread, in seasons of great i scarcity, by the inhabitants of Norway and Kamtsehalka. The branches of the tree are used as stakes, poles, handles to rakes, hoes, and other implements, and as faggot-wood for fuel. The timber of the trunk is used for various purposes. It weighs, in a green state, 701b. 9 oz. per cubic foot ; half-dry, 51 lb. 14 oz. ; and quite dry, 32 lb. 12 oz.; so as to lose more than one half of its weight by drying, during which it loses a sixteenth part of its bulk. It is found an excellent lining for stone-carts, bari-ows, &c. It is used in turnery, millwork, coopery, weather- boarding, &c. ; and the stronger shoots and poles serve for making hoops, han- dles to hay-rakes, clothes-props (see fig. 169. Encyc. ofCott. Arch.), and various other instruments and implements ; and the twigs are employed in wicker- work. The bark, which is thick and full of cracks, is in nearly as great repute 762 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETURl BRITANNICUM. 1447. SkUx ^Iba. for tanning as that of the oak ; and it is also used in medicine, in the cure of agues, as a substitute for cinchona ; though it is inferior for both pur- poses to that of S. RusselliaMff. As fuel, the wood of this tree is to that of the beech as 808 is to 1540 ; but the old bark makes a very useful fuel ; and both it and the wood will burn when green, in which state the wood is said to give out most heat. The charcoal is excellent for use in the manufacture of gunpowder, and for crayons. The ashes are very rich in alkali, containing more than a tenth part of their weight of that salt. In France, a fine blood- red colour is obtained from the bark ; and that of the young tree is used in the preparation of leather for making gloves. It is justly remarked by Mr. Gorrie, that it adds much to the value of the ■S'alix alba, that its propagation and culture are of the most simple description, and that it will grow luxuriantly in most soils where other trees make but slow progress. According' to Sang, it will thrive well in high and dry LXvm. SALICA CE^ : A'A LIX. 763 grounds ; and, if planted in the grove manner, in tolerably good soil, perhaps no other plantation, except larches, would give so quick a return for the trouble and expense of planting. i 27. S. viTELLi^NA L. The yolk-of-egg-coloured, or yellow. Willow, or Golden Osier. Uenlification. Lin. Sp. PI., 1442. ; Eng. Fl., 4. p. 182. ; Hook. Br. Fl., ed. 3., p. 423. Synont/me. S. £lba Koch Comm. p. 16. The Sexes. Both sexes are figured in Eng. Hot., Sal. Wob., and Host Sal. Aunt. Engravings. Hoffm. Sal., t. 11, 12. and 24. i. 1. ; Host. Sal. Aust., t. 30, 31. ; Eng. Bot., t. 1389. ; the plate of this tree in Arb. Brit., 1st edit. ; Sal. Web., No. 20. ; aaifig. 20.in p. 784. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves lanceolate, acute, with cartilaginous serratures ; glabrous above ; glaucous and somewhat silky beneath. Stipules minute, lanceolate, deciduous, smooth. Ovary sessile, ovate-lanceolate, smooth. Bracteas linear-lanceolate, acute, fringed at the base, longer than the pistil. (Smith.) A large tree. Britain, in hedges, and cultivated in osier grounds in many places ; and readily distinguished from all the other sorts, by the bright yellow colour of its branches. Height 30 ft. to 50 ft. Flowers yellow; May. As an ornamental tree, Salix vitellina is very striking in the winter season, especially among evergreens. As a shrub, it is not less so, both among ever- green shrubs and deciduous kinds, having the bark of conspicuous colours. In the Enghsh garden at Munich, extensive masses of this willow are placed in contrast with masses of the white-barked honeysuckle (Lonicera XyWsteum), the red-barked dogwood (Cornus alba), and the brown-barked spiraea (iSpi- rae'a opulifolia). Group vii. Nigra. Extra-European Kinds allied to the Kinds of one or all of the three preceding Groups. Prin. sp. 28. 243. : Of the willows of Europe Koch has associated the kinds of Mr. Borrer's groups Pentandrx, Fragiles, and A'lbae into one group, which he has named Fragiles ; and he has pointed out and described, as extra-European kinds belonging to it, S. occidentalis Bosc, S. nigra MUhl., S. babylonica L., S. octandra Sieber, and S. Humboldbana Willd. Mr. Borrer has included S. babylonica L. in his group Fragiles. The rest are here collected in a group by themselves, to which is added S. /igiistrina Michx. jun., from the notice by Mr. Forbes, and also by Michaux, that it is similar to S. nigra. S 28. S. ni'gra Miihlenb. The black, or dark-branched American, Willow. Identification. Miihlenb. in Nov. Act. Soc. Nat. Scrut. Berol., 4. p. 237. t. 4. f. 5. ; Pursh Fl Amer. Sept., 2. p. 614. Synonymes. 8. caroliniana- Michx. FL Bar. Amer. 2. p. 226. ; S. vulgaris Clayt. Fl. Virg. The Sexes. Both sexes are noticed in the specific character. and both sexes in a dried state. Engravings. Nov. Act. Soc. Nat. Scrut. Berol., 4. t. 4. f. 5. £ 1. without flowers ; mi fig- 152. in p. 818. Spec. Char., ^c. ' Leaves ovate-lanceolate, pointed, serrated, green on both sides, glabrous, except a downy rib and foot- stalk. Catkins accompanying the leaves, villous. Stamens about 5, bearded at the base. Ovary stalked, ovate-lanceolate, glabrous. Stigmas divided, the length of the style. {Sal. Wob.) A tree, with smooth branches, brittle at the base. Pennsylvania to Virginia, on the banks of rivers. Height 20 ft. Introduced in 1811. Flowers yellow ; May. a, s. nip-a. uis. s, s. nedtam: 4. p. S. pentandra Walt. Fl. Car. Willdenow had seen the male alive, ; Michx. N. Amer. SyL, 3. t. 125. 764 ARBORETUM ET ERUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. Mr. Forbes observes that S. flgustrina of Michaux differs principally from S. nigra in its larger stipules, which resemble, as well as the leaves, those of 5. triandra. (Sal. Wob., p. 28.) In fig. 1448. a shows S. nigra, b 8. /igiistrina. * 29. S. HuMBOLDTW^iSf^ Willd. (Sal. Wob., No. 8. ; and fig. 8. in p. 792.) is described in our first edition. a ? ¥ 30. S. BoNPLAND/^~2^^ Humb. et Bonpl. (Sal. Wob., t. 9. ; and fig. 9. in p. 792.) is described in our first edition. Group viii. Vrinoides Borrer, Shrubs, mostly Natives of North Avierica, and used in Basket-maUng. Prin, sp. 32. and 33. M. Kinds all, or all but S. conformis Forbes, natives of North America. The kinds which Mr. Borrer has placed in this group are S. rigida M'dhL, S. jorinoides Fursh, and S. conformis Forbes. To these S. discolor WUld. and S. angustata Fursh have been added, from their resemblance to S. pn- ndides. a^ 31. S. ri'gida Muhlenb. (Sal. Wob., No. 141., a leaf; and fig. 141. in p. 818.) is described in our first edition. $ 32. S. PRiNOi^DEs Fursh. Willow. The Prinos-like Identi/icalion. Pursh Fl. Amer. Sept., 2. p. 613. : Smith in Rees's Cycl., No. 26. The Sexes. The female is figured in Sal. Wob. Eiigravings. Sal. Wob., No. 40. ; our fig. 1449. ; and fig. 40. in p. 800. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves oval-oblong, acute, with distant wavy serratures ; glabrous above, glau- cous beneath. Stipules half-heart-shaped, deeply toothed. Catjcins villous, protruded before the leaves. Ovary stalked, ovate, pointed, silky. Style elongated. Stigmas cloven. (Fursh.) A large deciduous shrub or low tree. Pennsylvania to Virginia, on the banks of rivers. Height 6 ft. to 12 ft. Introduced in 1811. Flowers yellow; March and April. im9. s.yrmoides. a 33. S. Di'scoLOR Milhlenb. (Sal. Wob., No. 147., a leaf; and oar fig. 147. in p. 818.) is described in our first edition. # 34. S. angusta'ta Pursh (Fl. Amer. Sept., 2. p. 1 13.) is described in our first edition. a 35. S. confo'rmis Forbes (Sal. Wob., No. 24. ; and fig. 24. in p. 795.) is described in our first edition. Group ix. GrisecE Borrer. Chiefly Shrubs, Natives of North America. Prin. sp. 40. and 43. nn Most of the kinds are natives of North America. S. MiihlenbergjoHn Willd., LXVIII. JALICA^CEjE : sa^lix. 765 1450. 5. Tii^sccns. 5. cordata Miihlenh., S. falcata Pursh, and S. tristis Ait., are additions to the kinds which Mr. Borrer has placed in this group. With regard to 5. reflexa Forbes, S. virgata ? Forbes, and S. LyonS ? Schl., included in it by Mr. Borrer, he remarks, " 1 am unacquainted with these, and have, perhaps, placed them in the wrong group." ai 36. iS. vire'scens Forbes, The greenish-leaved Willow, or verdant Osier. Identification, Forbes ia Sal. Wob., No. 7. Synonyme. Mr. Forbes received the kind from Messrs. Loddiges, under the name S. Aippo- phaefblia, but has substituted the specific name of virescens, as being one more descriptive of the plant. 3%e Sexes. The female is described and figured in Sal. Wob. Engravings. Sal. Wob., No. 7. ; OUT Jig. 1450. ; and^. 7. in p. 792. Spec. Char., ^c. Leaves linear-lanceolate, serrated, acute, smooth, green on both sides. Ovary ovate-lanceolate, scarcely downy. Style divided. Stigmas parted. Stipules none. (Forbes.) An upright shrub. Switzerland. Height 8 ft. Introduced in 1820. Flowers yellow ; April. ffi 37. S. rbfle'xa Forbes (Sal. Wob., No. 94. ; and our fg. 94. in p. 807.) is described in our first edition. J* 38. S. virga'ta Forbes (Sal. Wob., No. 12., without flowers ; andourjjg. 12. in p. 793.) is described in our first edition. as 39. S. Lyo^nJ/ ? Schl. (Sal. Wob., No. 10., without flowers ; and our fg. 10. in p. 792.) is described in our first edition. Jt 40. S. }iovsTOfilA''NA Pursh. Houston's Willow. Identification. Pursh Fl. Amer. Sept., 2. p. 634. ; Smith in Rees's Cyclo., No. 43. Synonyme. S. trSstis I.odd. Cat. ed. 1836. The Sexes. The male is described in Fursh's specific character, and the female is described and figured in StU. Wob. Engravings. Sal. Wob., No. 11. ; xaifig. 11. in p. 792. Spec. Char., S^c. Leaves linear-lanceolate, and very finely serrated, glabrous, shining, and green on both sides. Stipules none. Catkins accompanying the leaves, cylindrical, villous. Bracteas ovate, acute. Stamens 3 to 5, bearded half-way up. Branches extremely brittle at the base. (Pursh.) A low-growing shrub, with slender, roundish, smooth, yellowish branches. Virginia and Carolina. Height 3 ft. to 4 ft. Introduced in 1820. Flowers yellow ; May and June. a^ 41. S. falCaVa Pursh (Sal. Wob., No. 148., a leaf; and our^g. 148. in p. 818.) is described in our first edition. ^ 42. S. GRi'sEA WiUd. (Ann. of Bot., 2. t. 5. f. 8.) is described in our first edition. t afe 43- S. petiola'ris Smith. The /ong-petiolated Willow. Identification. Smith in Lin. Soc. Trans., 6. p. 122. Synonymes. ' S. grlsea WiUd. var, /3 subglabr&ta Koch Comm. p. 21. note *. Koch regards the S. petiolSris Smith as a var. of S. grfsea ; and it probably is so. (^Borrer in a letter.) The Sexes. The female is figured in ]&ng. Bot. and Sal. Wob. Smith observes that he " knows nothing of the male plant." {En^. Fl.) Mr. Borrer had formerly both sexes growing at Henfield, having received the male from Mr. G. Anderson, but at present he has the female only. ( JV. S.) Engravings. Eng. Bot., 1. 1147. ; Sal. Wob., No. 23. ; our.^. 1451. ; xaifig. 23. in p. 795. Spec. Char., Src Leaves lanceolate, serrated, glabrous ; glaucous beneath, somewhat unequal at the base. Stipules lunate, toothed. Catkins lax. Bracteas hairy, shorter than the stalks of the ovate silky ovaries. Stigmas divided, sessile. (Smith.) A bushy tree, with slender, spreading, flexible, smooth, purplish or dark brown branches. Scotland, in Angus- \^ "^p' (Ji shire and other places. Height 12 ft. to 15 ft. Flowers yellow ; April and May. Easily known from every other species, by its short obtuse catkins, and long dark leaves. After gathering, the young I'lSl. s. petiol^ris. 766 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. leaves especially exhale a strong scent, not unlike the flavour of bitter almonds, but less agreeable. ■s 44.. S. pennsylva'nica Forbes (Sal. Wob., No. 95. ; and our^g. 95. in p. 808.) is described in our first edition. Jc 45. S. MiJHLENBERG/^'jf^ Willd. (Sal. Wob., No. 145. ; and oar fig. 145. in p. 818.) is described in our first edition. ,*46. ^. TBi'sTis Ait. (Sal. Wob., No. 150., a leaf; and our ^g. 150. in p. 818.) is described in our first edition. * 47. S. corda'ta Muhlenb. (Sal. Wob., No. 142., a leaf ; and omfig. U2. in p. 818.) is described in our first edition. Group X. 'R.osmarinifilicE Borrer. how Shrubs, with narrow Leaves. Prin. sp. 48. ,^,-« ..sm.' /1 Willd. (Sp. PI., 4. p. 679.) is described in our first edition. Group XV. Vimindles Borrer. Willows and Osiers. — Mostly Trees or large Shrubs, with long pliant Branches, medfir Basket-making. Prin. sp. 72. 75, 76. and 82. Stamens 2 to a flower. Ovary nearly sessile ; in 5. mollissima Ehrh. sessile, hairy or silky. Style elongated. Stigmas linear, mostly entire. Leaves lanceolate. — Plants trees of more or less considerable size, with long pliant branches. (Hook.) 26 71. S. subalpiVa Forbes (Sal. Wob,, No. 93. ; and Jig. 96. in p. 808.) is described in our first edition. a 72. S. ca'ndida Willd. The whitish Willow. Identification. Willd. Sp. PI., 4. p. 708. ; Pursh Fl. Amcr. Sept., 2. p. 60S. The Sexes. The male is described and figured in Sal. Wob. EngraviTigs. Sal. Wob., No. 91. ; aux jig. M60. ; ^ndjf^, 91. in p. 807. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves linear-lanceolate, very long, obscurely toothed ; downy above ; beneath densely downy. Stipules lanceolate, nearly the length of the footstalks. {Willd.) A shrub. North America. Height 5 ft. to I Oft. Introduced in 1811. Flowers yellow; February and March. A very handsome species, well deserving a place in shrubberies, both for its ornamental white leaves, and very early flowers. ueo. s.otodid.. ss '? * 73. S. inca^na Schranck. The hoavy-leaved Willow, ? or Osier. Identification. Schrancl^ Baier (Bavar.) Fl., 1. p. 230. ; Koch Gomm., p. 32. Syncmymes. S. rip^ria Willd. Sp. PI. 4. p. 698. ; S. lavanduliefblia Lapet/r. Ahr. p. 601. ; S. an- gustiR)lia Po/r. in Uw Ham. jirfi. ed. 1.3.1.29.; 5. rosmarinifSilia GowawHori. 501. ; 5. viminillis Vill. Delph. 3. p. 786. , The Sexes. Both are figured in Hayne Ahhild. : the male is figm-ed in Sal. Wob., where Mr. Forbes has noticed that he had not seen the catkins of the other sex. If the kind of Host SaL Austr. is identical, both sexes of it are figured in that work. Engravings. Sal. Wob., No. 90. ; ? Host Sal. Austr., t 58, 59. ; our fig. 1461. ; and^. 90. in p. 807. Spec. Char., Sic Leaves linear-lanceolate, denticu- lated, hoary on the under surface with hoary tomentum. Catkins arched, slender, almost sessile, subtended at the base with small leaves. Capsule ovate-lanceolate, glabrous, stalked ; the stalk twice the length of the gland. Style elongated. Stigmas 3l 2 Hfll S inc'ina. 772 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. S. linearis. Osier. bifid. Bracteas subglabrous, ciliate with short hairs. (Koch.) A shrub, with leaves bearing a strong resemblance to those of 5. viminalis ; while the catkins, branches, and mode of growth are quite different. Alps of France and Switzerland. Height 5 ft. to 6 ft. Introduced in 1821. Flowers yellow; April. ^ 74. S. linea'ris Forbes. The \mea.T-leaved Willow. Identijicatton. Forbes in Sal. Wob., No. 89. Rynonyme. ? S. iiicSna var. linearis jBorrer. (5orrer in a letter.) The Sexes. Tlie male is described and figured in Sal. Wob. Mr. Forbes has noted that he had not seen catkins of the female. Engravings. Sal. Wob., 89. j our fig. 1462. ; and. fig. 89. in p. 807. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves linear, villous ; shining above, cottony beneath ; margins slightly denticulated. Branches brown. Stipules none. Catkins elliptical, nearly sessile. Bracteas elliptical, yellow, as are also the anthers. (Sal. Wob.) A low bushy deciduous shrub, with copious branches, dark brown or pui'plish in every stage. Switzer- land. Height 5 ft. to 10 ft. Introduced in 1820. Flowers morj yellow ; April and May. "sa. a^ ± 75. S. vimina'lis L. The twiggy Willow, or common Jdentification. Lin. Sp. PI., 1448. ; Eng. Fl., 4. p. 228. ; Hook. Br. Fl., ed. 3. Synomjme. S. longif61ia Lam. Fl. Fr. 2. 232. (Koch.) the Sexes. Both sexes are figured in Eng. Bot., Sal. Wot., Hayne Abbild., and Host Sal. Amtr. Both exist in Britain. The male seems less robust and vigorous than the female. Engravings. Eng. Bot., t. 1898. ; Sal. Wob., No. 133. i our fig. 1483. ; and.;!g. 133. in p. 817. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves linear, inclining to lanceolate, elongated, taper-pointed, entire, wavy ; snow-white and silky beneath. Branches straight and slender. Ovary sessile. Style as long as the linear undivided stigmas. (Smith.) A large shrub or low bushy tree. England, in wet meadows. Height 10 ft. to 20 ft. Flowers '"""■' yellow ; April and May. Keadily distinguished from the other species of the section by the satiny under surface of the leaves ; and more generally cultivated than any other for basketwork and hoops. A variety called the Dutch willow, with brown bark, is preferred where hoops are the object. it t 76. 5. STIPULA^RIS Smith. The stipuled, or am-icled-leaved. Osier, or Willow. Identification. Smith Fl. Brit., p. 1069. ; Eng. Flora, 4. p. 230. ; Hook. Br. Fl., ed. 2., p. 420. The Sexes. Both are described in Eng. Flora, and both are figured in Eng. Bot. and Sal. Wob. Engravings. Eng. Bot., t. 1214. ; Sal. Wob., 132. ; anifig. 132. in p. 816. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves lanceolate, pointed, slightly wavy, obscurely crenate ; soft and nearly naked above, white and downy beneath. Stipules half- heart-shaped, stalked, very large. Gland cylindrical. Ovary ovate, nearly sessile, as well as the linear undivided stigmas. (Smith.) A large shrub or low tree. England, in osier holts, hedges, and woods. Height I Oft. to 20 ft. Flowers yellow ; March. Twigs upright, tall, soft jnd downy, of a pale reddish brown, brittle, and of little or no use as an osier. i 77. S. ^m-rmA^NA Willd. (Eng. Bot., 1. 1509. ; Sal. Wob., No. 134., the female; and our fig. 134. in p. 817.) is described in our first edition. i 78. S. MOLLi'ssiMA Ehrh. (Beitr., 6. p. 101.) is described in our first edition. * ? S 79. S. HOLosERi'CEA Hook. (Br. Fl., ed. 2., p. 421.) is described in our first edition. nt?* 80. S. MiCHBLJ^V^ Forbes (Sal. Wob., t. 135.; and /g. 135. in p. 817.) is described in our first edition. Lxviii. 5AHCA^CE^ : sa'lix. 773 i 81. 5. FERRUGi'NEA Anderson (Sal. Wob., No. 128.; Eng. Bot. Suppl., t. 2665. ; and our^g. 128. in p. 815.) is described in our first edition. t 82. S. ACUMINA^TA Smith. The acuminaXed-leaved, or large-leaved. Sallow, or Willow. Identification. Smith FI. Brit, p. 1068., Eng. Fl., 4. p. 227. ; Hook. Br. Fl., ed. 2., p. 421. Synonyme. S. lanceol^ta Serinse. The Seres. The female is described in Eng. M., and figured in Eng, Sot. and In Sal. Wob. Engravings. Eng. Bot., 1. 1434. ; Sal. Wob., No. 131. ; our fig. 1464. in p. 774. ; and Jte. 131. in p. 816. Spec. Char., Src. Stem erect. Leaves lanceolate-oblong, pointed, wavy, finely toothed, glaucous and downy beneath. Stipules half-ovate, then kidney- shaped. Catkins cylindrical. Ovary stalked, ovate, hairy. Style as long as the undivided stigmas. (Smith.) A large shrub or low tree. England, in wet grounds. Height 25 ft. to 30 ft. Flowers yellow ; April and May. A very distinct sallow, soon recognised to be different from S. macrostipu- lacea by its downy germen, and much larger leaves. Group xvi. Cinerea: Borrer. Sallows. — Trees and Shrubs, with roundish shaggy Leaves, and thick Catkins. Prin. sp. 90. and 97. Stamens 2 to a flower. Ovary tomentose with silky tomentum. Leaves mostly obovate, toothed, grey or hoary, more or less wrinkled ; very veiny beneath; stipuled branches downy. — Plants trees or shrubs. The group includes the kinds of willow that are usually called the sallows. (Hook.) The sallows are known by their obovate or rounded downy leaves, and thick, early, silken catkins, with prominent, yellow, distinct stamens, 2 to a flower. (Srifith Eng. Fl., iv. p. 216.) Not a few of the group Nigricantes Borrer also have been regarded as sallows. Mr. Borrer, however, states that he is unacquainted with many of the species, or supposed species, of this group, and of the group Nigricantes ; and it is highly probable that many of them are placed wrongly. (Borrer in a letter.) s 83. S. pa'llida Forbes (Sal. Wob., No. 96. ; and fig. 96. in p. 808.) is described in our first edition, at 84. S. WihhVEfiovTA^NA Forbes (Sal. Wob., No. 41.; and fig. 4:1. in p. 801.) is described in our first edition. s^ 85. S. PoNTEDERA>y4 WiUd. Pontcdera's Willow. Identification. Willd. Sp. PI., 4. p. 661. ; Smith in Rees*s Cycle, No. 18. ; Koch Gomm., p. 24. Sfinonymes, S. pumila alpina»nigricans, folio oleagino serrato, Fonted. Comp. 148, 149. ; S. Pon- tedSr« Bellardi App. ad Fl. Ped. 45. The Sexes. The male is noticed in Koch's specific character ; the female is figured in SoL Wob. Engravings. Sal. Wob., No. 43. ; oar fig. 1465. in p. 775. ; and.^. 43. in p. 801. Spec. Char., SjC. Leaves elliptical, serrated, acute, glabrous ; glaucous beneath, and obtuse at their base ; the midrib, footstalks, and young leaves hairy. Ovary oblong and downy. (Sal. Wob.) A shrub or low tree. Switzer- land. Height 12 ft. to 13 ft. Introduced 1821. Flowers yellow ; April. * 86. S. MACROSTiPULA^CEA Forbes (Sal. Wob., No. 130. ; and fig. 130. in p. 815.) is described in our first edition. *2 87. S. incane'scens .^ iSctt (Sal. Wob., No. 120.; and fig. 120. in p. 813.) is described in our first edition. * I 88. S panno^sa Forbes (Sal. Wob., 1. 123. ; and fig. 123. in p. 814.) is described in our first edition. 3d 3 774 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. 1464. mix acuminkta. Lxvni. salica'cejk: sa'ux. 773 1465. Salix Ponlederhno. 3d 4 776 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. * 89. S. muta'bilis Forbes (Sal. Wob., No. 160.) is described in our first edition. t 90. S. cine'rea L. The gre^ Sallow, or ash-coloured Willow. Identification. Lin. Sp, PI., 1449. ; Eiig. Fl., 4. p. 215. j Hook. Br. Fl., ed. 3. Synomjme. S. cinSrea var. Koch ComTn. p. 36. Tlie Sexes. Both sexes are figured in Sal. Woi. Tlie male is figured in Eng. Hot. Engravings. Eng. Bot., 1. 1897. ; Sal. Wob., No. 125. ; om Jig. 1466. ; and Jg. 12.5. in p. 814. Spec. Char., Src. Stem erect. Lower leaves entire ; upper serrated, obovate-lanceolate; glaucous, downy, and reti- culated with veins beneath. Stipules half-heart-shaped, serrated. Ovary silky ; its stalk half as long as the lanceolate bracteas. (Smith.) A shrub or middle-sized tree. England, on the banks of rivers, and in moist woods. Height 20 ft. to 30 ft. Flowers yellow ; April, and again in September. 146G. S. cinferea. and ^92. ¥93. * 94. at 95. 5? 91. 5^. aqua'tica Smith (Eng. Bot., t. 1437. ; Sal. Wob., No. 127. our_^g. 127. in p. 815.) is described in our first edition. S. oleifo'lta Smith (Eng. Bot., t. 1402. ; Sal. Wob., No. 126. ; and _fig. 126, in p. 814.) is described in our first edition. 5. gehina'ta Forbes (Sal. Wob., No. 129.; and /g. 129. in p. 815.) is described in our first edition. S. CRi'spA Forbes (Sal. Wob., No. 42. ; and /g.42. in p. 801.) is described in our first edition. S. auri'ta L. (Eng. Bot., t. 1487.; Sal. Wob., No. 124. ; and our Jig. 124. in p. 814.) is described in our first edition. * 96. S. 1, \TiFo' UA. Forbes (Sal. Wob., No. 118. ; andfg. 118. in p. 813.) is described in our first edition. S 97. S. CA^PREA L. The Goat Willow, or the great round-leaved Sallow. Identification. Lin. Sp. PI., 1448. ; Eng. Fl., 4. p. 225. i Hook. Br. Fl., ed. 3., p. 429. SynvQ. LXVIII. SALICACEjE: saiatl. 783 S 131. S. Lau'rina Smith. The linurel-leaved, or shining dark-green, Willow. Identification. Smith Lin. Soc. Trans., 6. p. 122. ; Hook. Br. Fl.. ed. 2., p. 425. Symmytnes. S. blcolor Smith Eng. Bot. t. ISOfi. ; S. arbiiscula WiMenb. var. Kock Comm. p. 46. Tfte Sezes. Tlie female is described in Ens. Ft., and figured in Ene. Bot. and Sal. Woh. N^ Engravings. Eng. Bot., t. 1806. ; Sal. Wob., t. 38. ; our fig. 1474. ; and,^. 38. in p. 800. Spec. Char., Src Leaves elliptic-oblong, acute, waved, and slightly serrated, nearly glabrous ; glaucous beneath. Footstalks dilated at the base. Stipules pointed, serrated. Bracteas obtuse, hairy, and half as loiig as the densely downy, ovate, long-stalked ovary. (Smith.') A shrub or small tree. Britain, in various parts ; growing plentifully in woods and thickets. Height 6ft. to 12ft. Flowers yellow; March and April. 34 132. S. pa'tens Forbes (Sal. Wob., No. 39. ; and out fg. 39. in p. 800.) is described in our first edition. 1474. S. ta&rlna. J: 133. S. KADi^CANS Smith. The Tooting-branched Willow. Eng. Bot. Suppl., t. 2701. Identification. Smith Fl. Brit., p. lO.'iS. ; Hook. Br. Fl., ed. 2., p. Synonyme. S. jDhylicifblia Linn. FL. I^app. No. 351. t. 8. f. d. The Sexes. The female is described in E-ng. FL. where Smith has noticed that he had not observed the catkins of the male. The female is figured in Eng. Bot. and 5j(^. IVob. Engravings. Eng. Bot., t. 1958. ; Sal. Wob., No. 46. ; and our^. 46. in p. 802. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves elliptic-lanceolate, with wavy serratures, very gl.ibrous ; glaucous beneath. Stipules glandular on the inside. Ovary lanceolate, stalked, silky. Style twice the length of the stigmas. Branches trailing. (Smith.) A low, spreading, glabrous bush, whose long, recumbent, brown or purplish branches take root as they extend in every direction. Scotland, on the Breadalbane Mountains. Height 1 ft. to 2 ft. Flowers yellow ; May. jfi 134. S. 'BoKREV.lA^NA Smith. Borrer's, or the dark upright, Willow. Identification. Smith Eng. Fl., 4. p. 174. ; Eng. Bot. Suppl., t. 2619. ; Hook. Br. Fl., ed. 3. The Sexes. The male is described in Eng. Fl. and Eng. Sot. Suppl.. and figured in Sal. Wob. and Eng. Bot. Suppl. Mr. W. Wilson and Sir W. J. Hooker have found the female at Killin, in Breadal- bane. (Hook. Br. Fl., ed. 2.) Engravings. Sat Wob., No. 45. ; Eng. Bot. Suppl., t. 2619. ; our fig. 1475. ; andj^. 45. in p. 802. Spec. Char., ^c. Branches erect. Leaves lanceolate, serrated wiih shallow nearly even serratures, very glabrous ; glaucous beneath. Stipules lanceolate, small. Bracteas (scales) acute, shaggy. (Smith.) A much-branched shrub, decumbent at the base only. Scotland, in Highland mountain valleys. Height 6 ft. to 10 ft. Flowers yellow ; April. 8^135. S. Davalw^'k-^ Smith (Eng. Bot. Suppl., t. 2701.; Sal. Wob., No. 47.; and our_;?g. 47. in p. 802.) is described in our first edition. as 136. S. te'trapla Smith (Eng. Bot. Suppl., t. 2702. ; Sal. Wob., No. 49.; and our Jig. 49. in p. 802.) is described in our first edition. at 137. S. RAMiFu'scA Forbes, ? Anders. (Sal. Wob., No. 53.; and our^g. 33. in p. 803.) is described in our first edition. fi- 138. S. FoRBES/^'JM. Forbes's Willow (Sal. Wob., No. 51.; and our iig. 51. in p. 803.) is described in our first edition. St 139. S. WEiGELZ.iVyl Borr. Weigel's Willow. Identijtcalion. Borr. in Eng. Bot. Suppl., t. 26.16. ; Hook. Br. Fl., ed. 3., p. 434. Synonyme. S. Wyxlfeaidna Smith Eng. Fl. 4. p. 176. Tie Sexes. Both are figured in Eng. Bot. Suppl. ; the male in Sal. H'ob., as that of S. Wul- feniana. Engravings. Eng. Bot. Suppl., t. 2656. ; oar fig. 1475. ; and fig. 48. in p. 802. 1475. S. Borreridna. 784 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. S^ec. Char., Sfc. Leaves elliptical, rhomboidal, or almost round, with a short point, obsoletely crenate ; glabrous on both sides, glaucous beneath. Stipules small. Catkins on short stalks. Floral leaves small. Bracteas (scales) oblong, hairy, longer than the hairy stalk of the ovary. Style longer than the stigmas. ' {Ban-er.) An upright shrub. Britain. Height 10 ft. to 12 ft. Flowers yellow ; April and May. A desirable species for small collections, on account of its ,„, „,„, r 147G. S.Wei- roundish touage. geiana. m, 140. S. ni'tens Anders. The g!ittering-/ra»erf Willow. Identification. Anders. MS. ; Smith Eng. Fl., 4. p. 17S. ; Hook. Br. Fl., ed. 2., p. 426.. The Sexes. Both sexes are described and figured in Eng. Bot. Suppl. Engravings. Eng. Bot. Suppl., t. 2655. ; Sal. Wob., No. 44. ifig. 1477. ; and j%. 44. in p. 801. Spec. Char., S^c. Leaves ovate or elliptical, acute, slightly serrated ; nearly glabrous above, with sunk veins; glabrous and glaucous beneath. Stipules small. Catkins on short stalks. Floral leaves small. Bracteas (scales) oblong, hairy, longer than the hairy stalks of the ovary. Style longer than the stigmas. (Borr.) An upright shrub, nearly allied to S. Weigeliarea:, and more nearly to S. Croweana. England, in Teesdale. Height 5 ft. to 10 ft. Flowers yellow ; April and May. 14,7. j. ,Ji,5„„ si 141. S. Crowf^a^na Smith. Crowe's Willow. Ident0catim. Smith Eng. Bot., t. 1146. ; Eng. Fl., 4. p. 192. ; Hook. Br., ed. 3. Synonymes. S. arbdscula Wahlenb. var. Koch Comm. p. 45. ; 5. hOmilis Schl. is cited Id Sal. Wob, as the female of 5. Crowedrea Smith ; ? S. heteroph^lia Host. The Sexes. Both sexes are described in Eng. Bot.^ and figured in Sal. Wob. Mr. Borrer deems the case of the combination of the filaments to be one monstrous in the species, rather than innate and characteristic. Engravings. Eng. Bot., t. 1146. ; Sal. Wob., No. 62, j and our JS^. 62. in. p. 803. Spec. Char., SfC. Filaments combined below. Leaves elliptical, slightly ser- rated, quite glabrous, glaucous beneath. {Smith.) A bushy shrub, with many stout, irregularly spreading, glabrous, leafy, brittle, brownish yellow branches. England, in swampy meadows and thickets. Height 5 ft, to 10 ft. Flowers yellow ; April and May. This 5alix, when covered with male blossoms, is amongst the most hand- some of the genus ; nor are the leaves destitute of beauty. as 142. S. Bi'coLOR Ehrh. The two-coloured Willow. Identification. Ehrh. Arb., 118. ; Hook. Br. Fl., ed. 2., p, 427. ; ? Hayne Abbild., p. 238. Synonymes. S. tenuifblia Stnith En^. Bot, t. 2186., as to the figure ; S. floribunda Forbes. the Sexes. The male is described m Sat. Wob., and figured in ETig. Bot. and Sat. Wob..; some notice of what Mr. Borrer deems the female is given in Hooh. Br. Ft., ed. 2. Engravings. Eng. Bot., t. 2186. ; Sal. Wob., No. 64. ; and our fig. 54. in p. 803. Spec. Char., S^c. Leaves elliptical ; green and shining above, glabrous and glaucous beneath ; serrated, ending in oblique points. Stipules crescent- shaped, serrated. Catkins of the male copious, bright yellow. Filaments slightly bearded at the base. {Sal. Wob.) A bushy spreading shrub, with short yellow branches, slightly villous when young ; the older ones rather a yellowish green, quite glabrous. Britain. Height 6 ft. to 8 ft. Flowers yellow ; April, and a second time in July. Si 143. S. phillyreifo'lia Borrer. The Phillyrea-leaved Willow. Identification. Borrer in Eng. Bot. Suppl., t. 2660. ; Hook. Br. Fl., ed. 2. p. 417. The Sexes. Both sexes are described and figured in Eng. Bot. Suppl., the female in the fruit-bearing state. Engraving. Eng. Bot. Suppl., t. 2660. ; and our,^^. 1478. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves elliptic-lanceolate, acute at each end, strongly ser- rated, glabrous on both surfaces, glaucous on the under one. Stipules I.XVIII. ,9ALICA^CE^ : JaYiX. 785 small. Young shoots pubescent. Bracteas (scales) oblong, hairy, longer than the glabrous stalk of the glabrous ovarj'. Sty!e as long as the stigmas. In the arrange- ment of the kinds, this one may stand between S. bicolor and S. Dicksomdna, in both of which the leaves are for the most part obso- letely serrated, and of a figure approaching to obovate with a point. (Boner.) An upright much-branched shrub. Highland valleys of Scotland. Height 4 ft to 5 ft. Flowers yellow ; April. j« 144. S. DiCKSOfilA'NA Smith (Eng. Bot., t. 1390. ; Sal. Wob., No. 55. ; and OUT fig. 55. in p. 803.) is described in our first edition. Group xix, Yacciniifblia: Borrer. Small, and generally procumbent, Shrubs. Prin. sp. 145. and 149. 1478. S. phillyreifMia. J L==a^ I. — SSJ Stamens 2 to a flower. Ovary sessile, downy. Leaves bearing a considerable resemblance to those of a Faccinium ; opaque ; the under surface glaucous. — Plants, small shrubs, usually procumbent, rarely erect. (Hook. Br. FL, ed. 2., adapted.) It is probable that S. arbuscula L. is the same as one or more of the four kinds, S. oacciniifolia Walker, S. carinata Smith, S. ^runi- folia Smith, and S. venulosa Smith. (Borrer, in his manuscript list.) Ji 145. S. Tacciniifo'lia Walker. The Vaceinium-leaved Willow. Identification. Walker's Essay on Nat. Hist. ; Eng. Fl., 4. p. 194. ; Hook. Br. FL, ed. 3. Synonyme. S. pniniR)lia, part of, Koch Comm. p. 59. 2'he Sexes. Both sexes are figured in Ens, Bot. and Sal, Wob. Engravings. Eng. Bot., t. 2341. ; Sal. Wob., No. 67. ; our Jig. 1479. ; and Jig. 57. in p. 803. Spec. Char., Sgc. Leaves lanceolate-ovate, serrated ; glabrous and even above, glaucous and silky beneath. Capsules ovate, silky. Stems decumbent. (Smith.) A low decum- bent shrub, very distinct from S. /jrunifolia, of a much more humble stature, with decumbent, or trailing, long and slender branches, silky when young, though other- wise glabrous. Scotland, on Highland mountains. Height 1 ft. to 2 ft. Flowers yellow ; April and May. U79. s. racdniiBiia. a 146. S. CARINA Va Smith (Erg. Bot., t. 1363. ; Sal. Wob., No. 59.; and our fig. 59. in p. 803.) is described in our first edition. jt 147. S. PRUNlFoYlA Smiih (Eng. Bot., t. 1361. ; Sal. Wob., No. 56.; and our^g. 56. in p. 80.3.) is described in our first edition. a 148. S. VENULO'SA Smith (Eng. Bot., t.l362. ; Sal. Wob., No. 56. ; and our_;%. 58. in p. 803.) is described in our first edition. a 149. S. Cffii'siA Villars. The ge&y-leaved Willow. Jdentificattan. Villars Dauph., 3. 768. ; Smith in Rees's Cycle, No. 80. ; Koch Coram., p. 69. Smumymes. S. myrtilloldes Willd. Sp. PI 4. p. 686. 1 S. prostrSta £hrh. PI. Select, p. 159. The Sexes. The female is described and figured in Sat. Woh. Engravings. Villars Dauph., 3. t. 50. f. 11. ; Sal. Wob., No. 66. ; and om fig. 66. in p. 804. 3 E 7&6 AEBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. Spec, Char., ^c. Leaves elliptic or lanceolate, acuminate, glabrous, not shining, entire, and revolute at the edge. Catkin upon a short leafy twiglet. Capsule ovate-conical, tomentose, seemingly sessile, eventually having a very short stalk. Gland reaching as high as the base of the capsule. Style shortish. Stigmas ovate-oblong, entire, and bifid {Koch.) — A low strag- gling shrub. Alps of Dauphine ; and in Savoy, upon the mountain Enzein- dog. Height 3 ft. to 4 ft. Introduced in 1824. Flovrers yellow ; May, and again in August. Group XX. Myrtilloides Borrer. Sviall Bilberry-like Shrubs, not Natives of Britain. Prin. sp. 150. This group consists of exotic kinds, and, therefore, does not appear in Hook. Br. Ft. ; and, consequently, we cannot quote characteristics thence. In S. myrtilloides L., we believe that the epithet was meant to express a like- ness in the foliage to that of Facclnium IMyrtillus h. ; and we suppose that this likeness appertains to each of the kinds of which Mr. Borrer has con- stituted his group Myrtilloides. JB 150. S. MYRTiLLdroES L. The Myrtillus-like, or Bilberry-leaved, Willow. Identification. Lin. Sp. PL, 1446. ; Wahl. Fl. Lapp., p. 267. ; Koch Comm., p. 52. Si/novyme, S ^legans Bessci- En. Ft. Vothj/n. p. 77. {Koch.') The Sexes. The female is described in Rees's Ci/clo., and the male partly 60. Engravings. Lin. Fl. Lapp., ed. 2., t. 8. f. /. k. ; and our^. 1480. Spec. Char., S^c. Leaves very various in form, ovate, subcordate at the base, oblong, or lanceolate; entire, opaque, glabrous; veins appearing reticulated beneath. Stipules half-ovate. Fruit-bearing catkin (? catkin of the female in any state) borne on a leafy twiglet. Bracteas (scales) glabrous or ciliated. Capsules (? or rather ovaries) ovate lanceolate, glabrous, upon a stalk more than four times as long as the gland. Style short. Stigmas ovate, notched. \Koch.) The flowers of the female are dis- posed in lax cylindrical catkins. (Smith.) A low shrub. Carpathia, Poland, Livonia, Vol- hynia, and through Russia, Sweden, and Lapland. Height 2 ft. to 4 ft. Introduced in 1772. Flowers yellow ; April and May. 14S0. S. niyrtillQldes. ^ 151. S. pedicella'ris Pursh (Fl. Amer. Sept., 2. p. 611.) is described in our first edition. j» 152. iS. PLANiFo^LiA Pursh (Fl. Amer. Sept., 2. p. 611.) is described in our first edition. Group xxi. yiyrsinites Borrer, Small bushy Shrubs. Prin. sp. 153. 155. and 159. JU Ul Stamens 2 to a flower. Ovaries downy. Leaves oval or broadly elliptical, serrated, small, glossy, rigid. — Plants small and bushy. (Hook. Br. FL, adapted.) It seems to be the case that the epithet Myrsinites in S. Af\rsi- LXVIII. 5ALICA CE^ : S\ LiX. 787 nites L. has been intended to imply a likeness in the foliage of that kind to that of the f^acclnium ilfyrsinites ; and it may be supposed that this cha- racter obtains more or less in all the kinds of the group. J» 153. S. ilfYRSlNi'TES L. The Whortleberry-Zeawed Willow. Lin., cited by Borrer m Eng. Bot. Suppl,, t. 2753., the text ; Fl. Dan., t. 1064. p. 682. i I. p. 49. The male Identification, (.Smith.) Synonymes. S. Myrsinltes ^, Smith Eng. Fl. 4. p. 195.; S. orbutiffilia Willd. Sp. PI. 4. probably S. Macnabidna MacgiUivray in Jameson's Edinb. Phil. Jour., Out. 1830. The Sexes. It is implied in the Spec. Char., akc, that the female is known. Bngramng. FL Dan., t. 1064. {Smith) ; x[ii'oa.x fig. 1481. Spec. Char. Sfc. This has, like S. ietulifolia, short catkins, and distinctly seriated leaves ; but these are more acute, and of an ovate-lanceolate figure ; and the long style seems to afford a dis- tinctive character. (jBo7tct-.) A low shrub. Scottish mountains. Height 6 in. to 1 ft. Flowers yellow ; April and May. Stems and leaves like those of .Betula nana, very dark, and almost black when dry. ji 154. S. ^ETULiFoYiA Forster (Sal. Wob., No. 60. ; and_^g. 60. in is described in our first edition. -* 155. S. procu'mbbns Forbes. The procumbent Willow. IderUification. Forbes in Sal. Wob., No. 61. ; Hook. Br. Fl., ed. 2., p. 429. Syjumymes. S. Ije'vis Hook. Br. FL. ed. 1., p. 432. ; S. retilsa Wither. Bot. Arr. ed. 4., 5 The Sexes. The female is described and figured in Eng. Bot. Suppl. and Sal. Wob. plant has not come under our notice. (.Borrer.) Engravings. Eng. Bot. Suppl., t. 2753. ; Sal. Wob., No. 61. ; and ourj^. 61. in'p. 803. Spec. Char., ^c. Branches diverging. Leaves oval, minutely serrated, re- curved, bright green and shining on both surfaces. Catkins elongated, thick, cylindrical. Ovary nearly sessile, tapering, obsoletely quadrangular. Style short, deeply cloven. Stigmas spreading, bifid. (Borrer.) A low procumbent shrub, extending along the ground, with greenish brown, pu- bescent, round, shortish branches. Highlands of Scotland. Height 6 in. to 1 ft. Flowers yellow ; April and May. J: 156. S. RETU'SA i. The retase-leaved Willow. Identification. Lin. Sp. PI., 1445. ; Willd. Sp. PI., 4. p. 684. i Hayne Abbild., p. 234. Symmyme. S. serpyllifblia* Jacg'. Austr. t. 298. The Sexes. Both sexes are described in Rees's Cyclo.. and thence in Sal. Wob., and below ; and both are figured in Hayne Abbild. : the male is figured in Sal. Wob. Engravings. Jacq. Austr., t. 298. ; Sal. Wob., No. 139. ; our fig. 1482. ; and fig. 139. in p. 818. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves obovate, entire, glabrous, shining above. Catkins of the female oblong, of few flowers. Bracteas (scales) the length of the oblong smooth ovary. (Smith.) A trailing shrub. Alps of Germany, Switzerland, France, and Italy. Height 6 in. to 1ft. Introduced in 1763. Flowers yellow ; May. i482.s.re«,ba. J: 157. S. KiTAiBELW'JM Willd. (Sal. Wob., No. 64.; and our /g. 64. in p. 804.) is described in our first edition. .u 158. S. UVa-u'ksi Pursh (Sal. Wob., No. 151.; and our fig. 151. in p. 818.) is described in our first edition. -* 159. S. SERPYLLiFo^LiA Scop. The Wild-Thyme-leaved Willow. Uenlification. Scop. Cam., No. 1207. ; Willd_. Sp. PI., 4. p. 684. ; Hayne Abbild., 325. 5. retilsa Koch y Koch Comm. p. 63. J'he Sexes. The male is figured in Sal. Wob., the female in Hayne Abbild. Engravings. Scop. Carn., t. 61.; Sal. Wob., No. 65. ; our ^«. 1483, 1484. fig. C6. in p. 804. ■ Spec. Char., ^c. Leaves ovate, or ovate-lanceolate, acute, entire, glabrous, shining above. Catkins oblong, of few flowers. Capsules elliptic, glabrous. Stigmas sessile. (Smith.) i A very diminutive shrub. High mountains of France, >'»9iSS«^ Italy, and Switzerland. Height 1 in. to 2 in. Introd. i4mI ."[..erpsui- 1818. Flowers yellow ; April and May. ""'• 3e 2 788 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. Jt 160. S. cordifo'lia Pursh (Sal. Wob., No. 143., a leaf; and fg. 143. in p. 818.) is described in our first edition. Group xxii. Herbdcece Borrer. Fert/ low Shrubs, scarcely rising an inch above the Ground. Prin. sp. 161. and 162. There are only two species in this group, the characteristics of which will be found in their specific characters. j» 161. S. herbaYea i. The herbaceous-foofeg Willow. Identification. Lin. Sp. PL, 2446. ; Ene. Fl., 4. p. 199. ; Hook. Br. Fl., ed. 3. The Sexes. Both sexes are described in ETig. FL. and figured in Sal. Wob., Hayne Ahbild., and Host Sal. Austr. ; in Eng.Bot., the female in fruit and flower, and bractea (scale) of the male. Both sexes were living, in 1836, in the Twickenham Botanic Garden. Engravings. Eng. Bot., t. 1907.; Sal. Wob., No. 62.; and Host Sal. Austr., I. t. 104.; our fig. 1485. ; andj^. 62. in p. 803. Spec. Char., Sfc Leaves orbicular, serrated, reticulated with veins ; very glabrous and shining on both sides. Ovary stalked, ovate-lanceolate, glabrous. (Smith.) A diminutive shrub. Britain, on the Welsh and High- land mountains. Height 1 in. to 3 in. in a wild state, but much higher in a state of culture. Flowers yellow ; June. S. herbacea is the least of British willows, and, ac- cording to Sir J. E. Smith, the least of all shrubs. Dr. Clarke, in his Scandinavia, calls it a perfect tree in miniature ; so small, that it may be taken up, and root, trunk, and branches spread out in a small pocket-book. 162. S. pola'ris Wahlenb. The Polar Willow. Identification. Wahlenb. Suec, p. 636. ; Fl. Lapp., p. 261. ; Koch Comm., p. 64. The Sexes. The female is described and figured in 5a/. Wob. Engravings. Wahl. Fl. Lapp., t. 13. f. 1.; OMrfigs. 1486. and 1487. ; and.;?^. 63. in p. 8 Spec. Char., S[c. Leaves ovate, very obtuse, nearly entire, glabrous, of few flowers. Stem filiform, or thread-shaped. ( Wahlen- berg.) A diminutive shrub. Lapland. Height 1 in. to 3 in. Introduced in 1820. Flowers yellow ; April, and again in July. The branches and leaves of this species are more tender during the spring than those of 5. herbacea; the stem is ""■*''°'°"'' almost fihform. Group xxiii. Hastatcs Borrer. Low Shrubs, with very broad Leaves, and exceedingly shaggy and silky Catkins (Hook Br. Fl.) Prin. sp. 163. and 164. 14S5. S. herbkcea. Catkins 84 163. S. hasta'ta L. The halberd-fcatiei Willow. Identification. Lin. Sp. PI., 1443.; Fl. Lapp., ed. 2., 293. ; Willd. Sp. PI., 4. p. 664 The Sexes. The female is described and figured in Sal. Wob. Engravings. Lin. Fl. Lapp., ed. 2. t. 8. f. 9, ; Sal. Wob., No. 35. ; our Jig. 1488. ; and fig. 35. in Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves ovate, acute, serrated, undulated, crackling, gla- brous ; heart-shaped at the base, glaucous beneath. Stipules unequally Lxvin. salica'cejE : sa'lix. 789 heart-shaped, longer than the broad footstalks. Catkins very woolly. Ovary lanceolate, glabrous, on a short stalk. (Smith.) A tall shrub, or small spreading tree. Lapland, Sweden, and in Britain but rare. Height 5ft. to 10 ft. Flowers yellow; April and May. Vaiieties. at S. h. 2 serruldta. S. hastata Willd. Sp. PI. iv. p. 664. — Leaves broadly ovate, heart- I shaped at the base, a S.h.3 malifolia. S. ?nalif61:a Smith Eng. Bot. t. 1617. (For a leaf, see our fig. 36. in p. 739.) — Leaves elliptic oblong, toothed, wavy, thin and crackling, very glabrous. * ? js S. /i. 4, arbuscvla. S. arbuscula Wahl. Fl. Dan. t. 1055., Forbes in Sal. Wob. No. 138., where there are a figure and description of the female plant (see our /g. 1489., alsoj%. 138. in p. 818.); S. arbuscula /3 Lin. Fl. Suec. p. 348. ; S. arbuscula y Lin. Sp. PI. p. 1545., Fl. Lapp. t. 8. f. m. — Leaves lanceolate, ,-=o o V serrated with distant, small, and appressed teeth, or bisscuia. almost enture. 1488. S. hast^m. J. 164. S. LANA>A L. The vroolly-leaved Willow. Identificatimt. Lin. Sp. PI., 1446. ; Eng. Fl., 4. p. 205. ; Hook. Br. Fl., ed. 2. The Seres. Both sexes are described and figured in Ung. Bot. Suppt., t. 2624. : both sexes of 5. chrys&nthos Ft. Han. are figured in Sal. Wob. Engravvngs. Lin. Fl. Lapp., ed. 2., t. 8. f. x., t. 7. f. 7. ; Eng. Bot. Suppl., t. 2624. ; our fe. 1490. : and/j. VJ. No. 2. in p. 80-5. Spec. Char., S^c. Leaves roundish ovate, pointed, entire ; shaggy on both surfaces ; glaucous on the under one. Ovary sessile, oblong, glabrous. Styles four times as long as the blunt divided stigmas. Catkins clothed with long, yellow, silky hairs. Ovary nearly sessile, lanceolate, longer than the style. Stigmas .undivided. {Hook.) A low shrub. Scotland, on the Clova Mountains. Height 3 ft. to 4 ft. Flowers yellow ; May. The splendid golden catkins at the ends of the young shoots light up, as it were, the whole bush, and are accom- panied by the young foliage, sparkling with gold and silver. It yields, also, more honey than any other salix. Grafted standard high, it would make a delightful little spring- flowering tree for suburban gardens. j4gu j.i^j,^. Group xxiv. Miscellanece A. Kinds of Sdlix described in Sal. Wob., and not included in any of the preceding Groups. t 165. 5. iEGYPTiVcA L. (Sal. Wob., No. 146. ; and out fig. 146. in p. 818.) is described in our first edition. M 166. 5. ALpr'NA Forbes (Sal. Wob., No. 149.; and out fig. 149. in p. 818.) is described in our first edition. 3e 3 790 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. ■i 167. S. BBRBERlvo^iAA. Pall. The Berberry-leaved Willow. Identification. Pall, Fl. Ross., 1. p. 2. 84 t. 82. ; Willd. Sp, PI., 4. p. 683. The Sexes. The male is figured in Sid. Wab. ; the female is noticed m the Specific Engravings'. Sal. Wob., No. 140. ; am fig. 1491. ; and,^. 140. in p. 818. Spec. Char., Sic Leaves obovate, bluntish, v^ith deep tooth- like serratures, glabrous, shining, ribbed, and reticulated with veins on both sides. Capsules ovate, glabrous. (Smith.) A low shrub. Dauria, in rocky places on the loftiest moun- tains ; growing, along with iJhododendron chrysanthum, near the limits of perpetual snow. Height 6 in. to 2 ft. Introduced in 1824!. Flowers yellow ; May. wgi.s.jrferifbiia. i 168. S. tetraspb'rma Roxb. (Sal. Wob., No. 31.; and /g. .31. in p. 797.) is described in our first edition. t 169. S. ULmifo'lia Fm-bes (Sal. Wob., No. 158.) is described in our first edition. j» 170, 5. VILLO'SA Forbes (Sal. Wob., t. 92. ; and Jig. 92. in p. 807.) is described in our first edition. Group XXV. MiscelldnecB B. ICinds of Sdlix introduced, and of many of which there are Plants at Messrs. Loddiges's, but whivk we have not been able to refer to any of the preceding Groups. S. albescens Schl., S. alnifolia Host, S. Ammumdana Willd., S. angustata Fursh, S. angustifolia Willd., S. ietulina Host, S. candidula Host, S. canes- cens Lodd,, S. cerasifoHa Schl., S. chrysanthos CEd., S. cinnamomea Schl., S. clethrsefoUa Schl,, S. conlfera Wangenh., S. coruscans Willd., S. cydoniaefolia Schl., S. dubia Hort., S. eriantha Schl., /S./agifoha Waldst. et Kit., S. finmar- chica Lodd. Cat., S. foliolosa Afzel., S. formosa Willd., S. fuscata Pursh, S. glabrata Schl,, S. heterophylla Deb., S. hiimilis Dec, S. Jacquinii Host, S. Ifvida Wahlenb., S. longifolia Milhlenb., S. mespihfolia Schl., S. murina Schl,, S. 7Byricoides Miihlenb., S. nervosa Schl., S. obtusa Linlc, S. obtusifoUa Willd., S. obtusi-serrata Schl., S. pallescens Schl., S. paludosa L/c., S. persi- cEefolia Hort., S. pyrenaica Gouan, S. ^yrifolia Schl., S. recurvata Pursh, S. .salvifEfolia Link, S. Schraderiarea Willd., S. septentrionalis Host, S. silesiaca Willd., S. Starkeana Willd., S. tetrandra Host. S. Aymelaeoides Host, S, Trevirana Lk., S, velutina Willd., S. versifolia Spreng., S. waccinioides Host, S. Waldsteiniawa Willd., S. Wulfenjona Willd. Appendix. Kinds of Sdlix described or recorded in Botanical Works, but not introduced into Britain, or not known by these Names in British Gardens. Descriptions and reference to figures are given in our first edition, but here we insert only the names. S, arctica R. Br., S. desertorum Rich., S. rostrata Rich., S. cinerascens Link, ,S. grandifolia Ser., 5.' divaricata Pall., S. hirsiita Thunb., S. pedicellata Desf., S. Integra Thunb., S. japonica Thunb., S. mucronata Thunb., S. rham- nifolia Pall., S. Seringeana Gaudin ; S. serotina Pall. The plates, which form pages 791. to 818., contain figures of leaves, of the natural size, from the engravings of willows given in the Salictum Woburnense ; and against each leaf, or pair of leaves, we have placed the same number, and the same name, which are given in the Salictum. flm\ ^ ' Atdlt Lcui-cs scnulcd, ncartij siiiool/i. 'i^Jljiflll 4. 5. moiu'tndra. l-J^ J i. lontinued. — Adult Leaves serrated, nearli/ smi,ulh. OSIEU;- AND WILLOWS. (j. S. ruura. IXVIII. SALICA CEjE : ^A LIX. 793 § i. continued. — Ailiill Laves serrated, nearly smooth. OSIERS AND WILLOWS. r> 6' tri iiidra ijji ; I \fl "'■' 181 Iff i W r^ri ^w, til' '1/ 11 ^f \^\ vV f« 1? V -iri.liii;.t.'i w\ \ ri U '. liinccol.'ila. 7i)-i: Alii^ORETUM ET FUUTICETUi^I BllITANNiCUAi. ^ i. coiitxiiiiL'd. — Adult Jj'-fivcs scrralcd, nearly/ .smooth, /'/■I./HIL OSlEllS AND % -.HLUjUi '^1 ylM I S r ^jifejii*. :^ % ?>. 1 i/iumi J J" ^ .V("^* i\ kI '1 111 \ 1 i 19. S. Tiionl^nR. 17, i. ViUai-i((/((' LXVni. SAl.lCACEiE: A'A^LIX. 795 ^'i i. cuntinueci. — Adidl Leaves serrated, nearly smooth. OSIERS AND WILLOWS. 79C AIUiOltETUiM ET FRUTICE'i'UiM BH ITAN N ICU -M. § i. continued. — ^tdidl Leaves serrated, nearly smooth. = 1 P \D \ IIL Hb ,[f|P^^ :8 S Ru eU LXVIII. SAI.ICA CEJF, : SA LIX. 797 J i. continued. — Adult Leaves serrated, nearly smooth. WILLOWS. ■nwrTTW 798 ARBORETUM I'.T FRU'l'ICETLIM Bliri'ANrJICUM. § i. continuetl. — Adult l^rnves i^rrraivd^ ruarly smooth. 31- S, PC) \ Lxviii. salicaV'E.t. : sa'i.ix. ^ i. fontimied. — Adult Leaves serrated, nearly smnoth 799 >i|li '^ ^. WTI LOWS wM{!'my MM 4H ii.^,JvHi^ 800 ARBORETUM ET FlIUTICETUM ER]TANNICIIM. § i. continued. — Adult Ijvnvcs s^erralcdy nearly ^v/ooT/i, IVILLOV/S. LXVIII. 5ALICA CEiE : SA LIX. 801 $ \ continued — Ad It Lea is seToted jc li/ si o th WILLOWS l.i ^ tedera a 4L 6'. WilldenDv?ti/?(T. 3 F 802 AKBOllErUM ET FUUTICETUM BlUTANN ICUM § i. continued. — Adult Leaves serrated^ nearly svioolh, WILLOWS. .50. S. tenmflMla. 40 .•? tf'tr.nnia (J i. continued, — Adult Leaves xerraleil, ticarlu smooth. WILLOWS. 5S. S. -pruniftlia. 63. 5. polaris. 62. S. herbflcea. 5-1, .V. so;3 804 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. § ii. Adult Leaves entire, nearly smooth. WILLOWS. 66. S. myrtilluidL's, 9 iii. Leaves all shaggy, woolly, or silky. WILLOWS. LXVIII. iALICA CE.E : 5A LIX. § iii. continued. — Leaves all sfwggi/, ivoolly, or silky. 805 3 y 3 75. 5. pruteir/f/Zo. 806 ARBDKETUM ET FIUITICETli JI BRITANNICUM. ^ iii. foiitinueil. — Leaves all shng«ij, wonlbj, or silky. LX\iU. SALICA CE.E : i'ALlX. 807 § iii. continued. — Leaves ail shaggj/, woollj/, or silky. 93. 5. subalpina. |K AVILLOAVS. 808 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. § iii. continued. — Leaves all shaggy, woolly, or silky. \\[I,I.IIUS AXn SALLOWS. Schleicher/anfl 5. grifiOiitHBia. ,1 •35, S. pGiinsylvaniCi. LXVIIl. SALICACE^: SA LIX. 809 § iii. continued. — Leaies all shangi/^ luoolli/, or sillcij. 1 10 ^ trep da. s. 10- S r vu a s s 810 AIII30UETUJM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. J iii. continued. — Leaves all shaggy, woolly, or silky. SALLOWS. 105. S. dara. s. LXVin. .SALICA CE,E ; i'A LIX. 811 812 ARBOREl'UiM ET FltUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. 1 (.ont 1 1 — T n e U J a f^y uoolly o sil/j SALLO VS LXVIII. salicaYe.1', : SA l.W. 813 § m continued — Leam all ihas^ci / luol/i/, oi silky SALLOWS 814 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BKITANNKUM. iii. continued. — Leaves all shaggy, luoolly, or sMi;. LOWS. LXVin. 5ALICA CEjE : 5A LIX. «15 } iii. continued. — Leaves all shaggy, woollii, or silky. SALLOWS. 816 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. ^ iii. continued. — henoea all alutggy^ woolly, or silku. SALLOW ANL> OSl iii. continued. — Leaves all shaggy, woollt/, or silki/. cS^ • OSIERS AND WILLOWS. I lot. S. Smithana. o. t 137. S. CirrCiIca, 3 G 818 } iv. Miscellaneous Kinds. WILLOWS, OSIERS, AND SALLOWS. M9. S. alplna. s- 142. S. cordata. '■' LXVIII. SALICA^CE^: PO'POLUS. 819 Genus II. ¥ ^ F POTULUS Toum. The Poplar, Lin. St/st. Dioe'cia Octandria. Jdentificalion. Toum. Inst., t. 350. j Lin. Gen., 526. ; Theo. Nees ab Esenbeck Gen. Fl. Germ, must. ; Smith's Eng. Fl., 4. p. 242. Synonymes^ PeupUfer, Fr. ; Pappel, Ger. ; Pioppo, Ital. ; Poplier, Butch ; Alamo, SpaTi. Derivation. Some suppose the word P6pulus to be derived from pallo, or paipallOt to vibrate or shake ; others, that the tree obtained its name from its being used, in ancient times, to decorate the public places in Rome ; where it was called arbor populi, or the tree of the people. Bullet derives the name also from populuSt but says that it alludes to the leaves being easily agitated, like the people. From the Spanish name for this tree, alamo, is derived the word alameda, the name given to the public walks in Spain, from their being generally planted with poplars. Gen. Char., ^c. Bractea to the flower of each sex laciniated in its terminal edge. Male flower consisting of a calyx, and 8 stamens at fewest ; in many instances many more. Female flower consisting of a calyx and a pistil. {G. Bon.) Leaves simple, alternate, stipulate, deciduous ; entire or serrated, with the disk more or less oblate, and the petiole in most compressed in the part adjoining the disk. Flowers in catkins, greenish, red, or yellow. Seed cottony, ripe in a month or six weeks after the appearance of the flowers. Decaying leaves yellow, yellowish green, or black. — Trees deciduous ; natives of Europe, Asia, or North America. They are all of rapid growth, some of them extremely so ; and they are all remarkable for a degree of tremulous motion in their leaves, when agitated by the least breath of wind. The catkins of the males of most of the species are very ornamental, from the red or dark brown tinge of their anthers, and from ■ their being produced vdry early in spi'ing, when the trees are leafless. The females of all the species have their seeds enveloped in abundance of cottony down ; which, when ripe, and the seeds are shed, adheres to every object near it ; and is so like cotton wool in appearance and quality, that it has been manufactured into cloth and paper, though it has been found deficient in elasticity. The wood of the poplar is soft, light, and generally white, or of a pale yellow. It is of but little use in the arts, except in some departments of cabinet and toy making, and for boarded floors; for which last purpose it, is well adapted, from its whiteness, and the facility with which it is scoured ; and, also, from the difficulty with which it catches fire, and the slowness with which it burns. In these respects, it is the very reverse of deal. Poplar, like other soft woods, is generally considered not durable ; but this is only the case when it is exposed to the changes of the external atmosphere, or to water. One of the most valuable properties of the poplar is, that it will thrive in towns in the closest situations ; and another is, that, from the rapidity of its growth, it forms a screen for shutting out objects, and affords shelter and shade sooner than any other tree. All the kinds, whether indigenous or foreign, are readily propagated by cuttings or layers, and some of them by suckers. The species which produce suckers may all be propagated by cuttings of the roots. They all Uke a moist soil, rich rather than poor, parti- cularly when it is near a running stream ; but none of them thrive in marshy soil, as is commonly supposed, though in such situations the creeping-rooted kinds are to be preferred, as living on the surface. It \. P. a'lba L. The white Poplar, or Abele Tree. corides is still used among the modem Greeks (see Smith Prod., Siblh. Fl. Gnsca) ; the great white Poplar, great Aspen, Dutch Beech; Peuplier blanc, Vpreau, Blanc de HoUande, Franc Ficard Fr. ; Aubo, or Aoubero, in some provinces ; weisse Pappel, Silber Pappel, weisse Aspe, Weissalber Baum, Ger. ; Abeelboom, Butch. , , , , . , , Berivation. The specific name of White apphes to the under surface of the leaves, which, when quivering in the wind, give the tree a peculiarly white appearance. The English name of Abeje O G li 820 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. is derived from the Dutch name of the tree, Abeel : and this name is supposed by some to be taken from that of the city of Arbela, in the plains of Nineveh, near which, on the banks of the Tigris' and Euphrates, great numbers of these trees grew. It is said to be the same tree as that mentioned in the Bible as Abel-shittim, Chittim, Shittim-wood, and Kittim.' The Dutch Beech is an old name, given to this tree, as we are informed by Hartlib, in his Compleat Husbandman (1659), on account of ten thousand trees of it haying been brought over all at once from Flanders, and planted in the country places ; where the people, not knowing what they were, called them Dutch beech trees. The French name of Yprgau alludes to the tree being found in great abundance near the town of Ypres. The Sixes. Both sexes are described in the BKglish Flora, and are not unfrequent in plantations. Engravings. Eng. Bot., 1. 1618. ; Hayne Abbifd., t. 202. ; the plate of this tree in Arb. Brit, 1st edit, vol. vii. ; and our Jig. 1492. Spec. Char., ^c. Leaves lobed and toothed ; some^ what heart-shaped at the base ; snow-white, and densely downy beneath. Catkins of the female plant ovate. Stigmas 4. (Smith.) Root creeping, and producing numerous suckers. Branches very white, and densely downy when young. Leaves angular, and generally with three principal lobes, variously and unequally toothed, blunt-pointed, veiny ; dark green and smooth above, and covered vrfth a thick remarkably white down beneath. The leaves vary very much in form ; and on young luxuriant branches they are almost palmate. The leaves are not folded in the bud, and the buds 1492. p, aba. are without gum. A large tree. Europe, in woods or thickets, in rather moist soil. Height 90 ft. Flowers dark brown j March. Seed ripe ; May. Decaying leaves dark brown. Varieties. These are numerous, but the principal one, P. (a.) canescens, being generally considered as a species, we shall first give it as such ; after enu- merating the varieties which belong to P. alba. t P. ff. 2 h^brida Bieb. Fl. Taur. Cauc. 2. p.- 423. and Suppl. p. 633.. P. alba Bieb. 1. c. j ? P. intermedia Mertens ; P. a. crassifolia Mertens ; and P. grisea Lodd. Cat. 1836. — Appears to be inter- mediate between P. alba and P. (a.) canescens. It is plentiful in the neighbourhood of streams in Tauria and Caucasus; whence it appears to have been introduced into Britain in 1816. S' P. a. 3 acerifolia. P. flcerifolia Lodd. Cat. ed. 1836; P. yuercifolia Hort. ; P. palmata Hort. ; P. arembergica Lodd. Cat. 1836 ; P. belgica Lodd, Cat. 1836. — A very distinct variety of P. alba, with the leaves broad, and deeply lobed, like those of some kinds of ^I'cer. t P. a. 4r candicans. P. candicans Lodd, Cat. ed. 1836 ; P, nivea Lodd, Cat, — A strong-growing variety of P, alba ; probably identical with P, fficerifolia. This is the P, tomentosa of the Hawick Nursery, and the hoary poplar of the Edinburgh nurseries, where it is propa- gated by layers. 2 P. (J. 5 tegyptiaca Hort. P, a. pallida Hort. ; the Egyptian white Poplar. — A much weaker-growing plant than any of the preceding varieties. 3? P. a. 6 pendula. P. a. var. gracilis rarais pendentibus Mertens. — Spe- cimens of this variety, of both sexes, are in the Linnean herbarium ; and there are trees of it on the I'amparts at Bremen. * 2. P. (a.) cans'scens Smith. The grey, or common white. Poplar. Identification. Smith Fl. Brit, p. 1080. ; Eng. Fl., 4. p. 243. Synmymes. P. alba MiU. Diet. ed. 8. No. 1. ; P. alba Ollis minoribus Xaii Sun 446 ; P. Mba folio minbre Bazih. Hist. v. 1. p. 2. 160. flg.', Peuplier grisaille, Fr. The Sexes. Only the female plant is expressly described in the English Flora. The plant in the Horticultural Society's Garden Is the male. Engramngs. Eng. Bot., t. 1619. ; Hayne Abbild., t. 201. ; and omfig. 1493. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves roundish, deeply waved, toothed ; hoary and downy beneath. Catkins of the female plant cylindrical. Stigmas 8. It is essentially distinguished from P. alba, as Mr. Crowe first discovered, by the stigmas, which are 8, spreading in two opposite directions. The LXVIII. .SALICA^CEiE : PO'PULUS. 821 bracteas of the fertile flowers are, also, more deeply and regularly cut. The branches are more upright and compact. The leaves are rounder, more conspicuously 3-ribbed, and less deeply or acutely lobed ; not folded in the bud, and without gum. They are downy beneath ; but the down is chiefly greyish, and not so white or cottony as in P. 41ba : in some instances the leaves are glabrous. (Smith.) A tree closely resenibhng the preceding species, and found in similar situations. The wood of the white poplar weighs, when green, 581b. 3oz. per cubic foot ; and in a dried state, 38 lb. 7 oz. : it shrinks and cracks considerably in drying, losing one quarter of its bulk. The wood of P. (a.) canescens is said to be much harder and more durable'than that of P. alba; in the same manner as the wood of the TiWa europae'a parvifolia is finer-grained and harder than that of T. e. grandifolia. The wood of both kinds is the whitest of the genus ; and it is used, in France and Germany, for a variety of minor purposes, par- ticularly when lightness, either of weight or colour, is thought desirable ; or where an artificial colour is to be given by staining. It is excellent for form- ing packing-cases, because nails may be driven into it without its sphtting. It is used by the turner and the cabinet-maker, and a great many toys and small articles are made of it. The boards and rollers around which pieces of silk are wrapped in merchants' warehouses and in shops are made of this wood, which is peculiarly suitable for this purpose, from its lightness, which prevents it much increasing the expense of carriage. The principal use of the wood of the white poplar in Britain is for flooring-boards ; but for this purpose it requires to be seasoned for two or three years before using. For the abele to attain a large size, the soil in which it is planted should be loamy, and near water ; though on a dry soil, where the tree will grow slower, the timber will be finer-grained, and more durable. In British nurseries, it is commonly propagated by layers ; which, as they seldom ripen the points of their shoots, or produce abundance of fibrous roots the first season, ought to be transplanted into nursery lines for at least one year before removal to their final situation. The tree is admirably adapted for thickening or filling up blanks in woods and plantations ; and, for this purpose, truncheons may be planted 3 in. or 4 in. in diameter, and 10 ft. or 12 ft. high. Owing to the softness of the wood, and its Hability to shrink and crack, it is dangerous to cut off very large branches ; and, even when branches of moderate size are cut off, the wound ought always to be covered over with graft- ing clay, or some description of plaster^ to exclude the air. The tree is considered, both by French and English authors, as bearing lopping worse than any other species of the genus ; and, when transplanted, the head should never be cut off, and not even cut in, unless in cases where the tree is to be planted in a hot and dry soil. S 3. P. tre'mula L. The tvemUing-leaved Poplar, or Aspen. Identificatim. Lin. Sp. PI., 1464. ; Eng. Fl., 4. p. 244. ; Hook. Fl. Scot, 289. &Zonymes. P. Ubyca i(o» Syn. 456. ; P. h^brida Dod. Pempt. 836. ; P. nigra Trag. Hist. 1033. fig. ; P. pendula Da Boi ; Aspe ; le Tremble, Pr. ; la Tremola, Alberalla, Alberetto, Bal. ; Zitter-Pappel, Espe, Ger. . . , „ j . . , .,, r. Berivatian. The English name of Aspen or Aspe is eTidently derived from the German, espe. The Sexes. Both sexes are described in the English Flora. ,,..,.„.,, ^ ... , .. Engravings. Eng. Bot., 1 1909. ; Hayne Abbild., t. 203. ; the plate in Arb. Bnt., 1st edit., vol. tu. ; and our^. 1494. Spec. Char., ^c. Young branchlets hairy. Leaves having compressed foot- stalks, and disks that are roundish-ovate, or nearly orbicular ; toothed in a repand manner, downy when young, afterwards glabrous on both surfaces. Stigmas 4, erect, eared at the base. (Smiih.) A large tree, but seldom seen so high as P. alba. Europe ; in rather moist woods. Height 50 ft. to 70 ft. 3g 3 14(j;j. p. (a.) caa^ens. 822 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. Flowers brown ; March and April. Seeds ripe ; May. Decaying leaves dark brown or black. Varieties. S P. i. 2 pendula. P. pendula Lodd. Cat. 1836 ; P. supina Lodd. Cat. ed. 1836. (The plate of this variety in our first edition, vol. vii.) — The only distinct variety of P. tr^mula that exists in the neighbourhood of London. ¥ 3 P. <. 3 Itsvigdta. P. lavigata Ait, Hort. Eew., Lodd. Cat. ed. 1836. — Leaves shining, rather larger than in the species. A rapid-growing tree, rather exceeding the middle size, with a straight clean trunk, tall in proportion to its thickness ; and a smooth bark, which becomes grey, and cracks with age. The branches, which extend horizontally, and ai-e not very numerous, at length become pendulous. The young shoots are tough, pliant, and of a reddish colour ; and both the wood and the leaves vary exceedingly, according to the dryness or moisture of the soil in which the tree is grown. The young shoots and leaves, produced in the form of suckers from the roots, are greedily eaten by cattle and sheep. The roots, from their nearness to the surface, impoverish the land, and prevent anything else from growing on it luxuriantly; and the leaves destroy the grass. The wood weighs, when green, 54 lb. 6 oz. ; half-dry, 40 lb. 8 oz. ; and quite dry, 34 lb. 1 oz. : it consequently loses two fifths of its weight by drying. It shrinks by this operation one sixth part of its bulk, and cracks and splits in an extreme degree. The wood is white and tender : and it is employed by turners ; by coopers, for herring gasks, milk-pails, &c. ; by sculptors, and engravers ; and by joiners and cabinet-makers ; and for various j minor uses, such as clogs, butchers' trays, pack- \ saddles, &c. As the roots of this tree chiefly i extend close under the surface of the ground, it is better adapted for soils that are constantly wet below, than almost any other tree, since its roots, 1494 p.trtmvii. by keeping so very near the surface, are never out of the reach of the air, which they would be if they penetrated into soil perpetually saturated with water. Propagated by cuttings, but not so readily as most other species. Wherever trees are found, they generally throw up suckers from which plants may be selected ; or cuttings of the roots may be made use of. t 4. P. (t.) trb'pida Willd. The North American trembling-fcouerf Poplar, or American Aspen. Identification. ■Willd. Sp. PI., 4. p. 803. ; Pursh Fl. Amer. Sept., 2. p. 618. Synonyme. P. tremuldldes Michx. North Amer. Sylva 2. p. 241., ]CKm^: PO'PULUS. 827 reasons, he considers it the most profitable of all trees to plant in masses in a fertile soil, rather moist. At Fontainebleau, the female tree bears fertile seeds, from which many thousand plants come up annually in the walks, and are mostly destroyed, though some varieties have been selected from them. 1^ 11, P. FASTiGiA^TA Desf. The fastigiate, or Lovibardy, Poplar, Identification. Dcsf. Hist Arb., t. 2. p. 465. Synonymes. P. dilatSta Ait. Hort. Kew. 3. p. 406. ; P. nigra itfiUca JDu Rot Harb/c. 2. p. Ul. ; P. italica Mcsnck Weissenst. 79. ; P. it6.lica cilatJita WiUd. ; P. pyramidSta Hort. \ P. panndnica Jacq. J P. itSlica var. carolinensis Burgsdorf; Cypress Poplar, Turin Poplar, Po Poplar ; PeupUer d'ltalie, Peuplier pyramidal, Pr. ; tombardische Pappel, Italianische Pappel, Ger.\ Pioppo Cypresso, Ital. The Sexes. Plants of the male are plentiful in England. The female is known to be extant in Lombardy, whence we received dried specimens and seeds in November, 1836. (See Gard. Mag., vol. xii.) M, C. A. Fischer, inspector of the University Botanic Gardeoi Gottingen, found, in 1827, a single jilant of the female, after having many years before sought fruitlessly for it, among many thousands of plants around Gottingen. (See Gard. Mag.t vol. vi. p. 419, 420.) EngrttvtTigs. Thouin and Jaume St. Hilaire, 1. 152. ; the plates in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol.vii.; and ourji^. 15G3. in which a represents the female catkins with the blossoms expanded ; b, tbe'female catkins with seeds ripe ; c, a portion of the female catkin of the natural size ; d, a single flower of the natural size ; and e, a single flower magnified. 1303. p. fastigiiita. Spec. Char,, ^c. Petiole compressed. Disk of leaf deltoid, wider than long, crenulated in the whole of the edge, even the base ; glabrous upon both surfaces. Leaves in the bud involutely folded. A fastig^ate tree. 828 AKBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. Persia, and apparently indigenous in Italy. Height 100 ft. to 150 ft. In- trod. 1758. Flowers red ; March and April. Decaying leaves yellow. The Lombardy poplar is readily distinguished from all other trees of this genus by its tall narrow forai, and by the total absence of horizontal branches. The trunk is twisted, and deeply furrowed ; and the wood, which is small in quantity in proportion to the height of the tree, is of little worth or duration, being seldom of such dimensions as to admit of its being sawn up into boards of a useful width. The leaves ai'e very similar to those of P. nigra, and the female catkins to those of P. monilifera j the male catkins resemble those of P. nigra, and have red anthers, but are considerably more slender. One diiference between P. fastigiata and P. nigra is, that the for- mer produces suckers, though not in any great abundance, while the latter rarely produces any. P. fastigiata, also, in the climate of London, protrudes its leaves eight or ten days sooner than P. nigra. The rate of growth of P. fastigiata, when planted in a loamy soil, near water, is very rapid. In the village of Great Tew, in Oxfordshire, a tree, planted by a man who, in 1835, was still living in a cottage near it, was 125 ft. high, having been planted about 50 years. ¥ 12. P. angula'ta Ait. The angled-JrawcAeif, or Carolina, Poplar. Identification. Ait. Hort. Kew., 3 p. 407. ; Michx. N. Amer. Sylva, 2. p. 224. ; Pursh Sept., 2. p. 619. Synonipnes. P. angul5sa Michx. 2<2. Bar. Amer. 2. p. 243. ; P. heteroph^lla Dm Hoi Harbk. 2. p. 150. ; P. macroph^lla Lodd. Cat, edit. 1836 ; P. balsamifera Mill. JD'ict. No. 5. ; Mississippi Cotton Tree, Amer. The Sexes. A plant at Ampton Hall, Suffolk, and one in the London Horticultural Society's arbo- retum, are both of the male sex. Engravings. Michx. North Amer. Sylva, 2. t. 94. ; Du Ham. Arb., 2. t. 39. f. 9. ; the plates of this tree in Arb. Brit., 1st. £dit., vol. vii. ; and o\3.vfigs. 1504. and 1505. • Spec. Char., S^c. Bud not resinous, green. Shoot angled, with wings. Disk of leaf ovate, deltoid, acuminate, toothed with blunt teeth that have the point incurved, glabrous : upon the more vigorous shoots, the disk is heart- shaped, and very large ; branches brittle. (Slichx.) A large tree. Virginia, Florida, and on the Mississippi, in morasses, and on the banks of rivers. Height 70 ft. to 80 ft. Introduced in 1738. Flowers reddish or purphsh ; March. Decaying leaves greenish yellow. 1504. P. angulkta. Varieties. tP.a.2 nova Audibert. — Hort. Soc. Garden in 1836. tP.a.3 MediisTE Sooth. — Hort. Soc. Garden in 1836. The shoots of this species, when young, are extremely succulent ; and, as they continue growing late in the summer, they are frequently killed down several inches by the autumnal frosts. After the tree has attained the height of 20 or 30 feet, which, in the climate of London, it does in five or six years, this is no longer the case ; because the shoots produced are shorter and less succulent, and, of course, better ripened. According to Michaux, the leaves LXVni. S'ALICA^CE^: PO'PULUS. 829 15C5. P. anr^lkta. when they first un- fold are smooth and brilliant, 7 in. to 8 in. long on young plants, and as much in breadth ; while on trees 30 or 40 feet high they are only one fourth the size. As an ornamental tree, it forms a very stately object ; but, from the brittleness of the branches, they are very Mable to be torn o£f by high winds. The wood is of little use either in America or England. Propagated by layers, as it strikes less freely from cuttings than most of the other species. ¥ 13. P. hbterophy'lla L. The \a.v\o\i?,-skaped-\ea\eA Poplar Tree. Identification. Lin. Sp. PI., 1464. ; Michx. Fl. Bor. Anier., 2. p. 244. ; Pursh Sept., 2. p. 619. Synonymes. P. migna, foliis ainplis, &c., Gron. Virg. 104. liiT. ; P. cordiftlia Burgsdorf, Lodd. Co*, edit. 1836; P. argentea Michi:. North Amer. Sylvai. n. 235. t. 97. ; Cotton Tree, Miclii:. N, A. S. The Sexes. Only the male is in British gardens. £nscavings. Michx. North Amer. Sylva, 2. t. 97. ; N, Du Ham., 2. t. 61. ; and our Jig. 1606. .£^ec. Char., Sfc. Shoot round, tomentose. Leaf, while young, tomentose ; affeerwards less so, or glabrous. Petiole but slightly compressed. Disk roundish ovate, having a small sinus at the base, and being slightly auricled there (or, as Michaux, jun., has expressed it, with the lobes of the base lapped, so as to conceal the junction of the petiole), blunt at the tip, toothed ; the teeth shallow, and having incurved points. Male flowers polyandrous. Female flowers glabrous, situated distantly along the gla- brous rachis, and upon long pedicels. {Miclix^ A tree. New York to Carolina, in swamps, and more particularly in the country of the Illinois, and on the western rivers. Height 70 ft. to 80 ft. in America ; 8 ft. to 10 ft. in England. Introduced in 1765. Flowers reddish. Decaying leaves greenish yellow ; April and May. We have never seen plants of this species higher than 5 or 6 feet ; though a specimen tree in the Mile End Nursery, and. another at Syon, must have been planted more than 50 or 60 years ; and though it is said by Bosc to be a lofty tree in the neighbourhood of Paris. It is a very remarkable species, from the particular character of its leaves, which, though as large as, or larger than, those of P. angulata, and something resembling them in outline and in position on the branches, yet have nearly cylindrical foot- stalks, and their disks hanging down on each side from the midrib in a flaccid manner, not observable in any other spe- cies of the genus. The young branches and the annual shoots are round, instead of being angular, like those of P. angulata, P. canadensis, and P. monilifera. The leaves, while very young, are covered with a thick white down, which gradually disappears with age, till they at last become perfectly smooth above, and slightly downy beneath. Propagated by inarching on any of the varieties ot P. nigra. If this species were grafted at the height of 30 or 40 feet on P. monilifera, it would form a very singular and beautiful drooping tree. 1506. P. heteroph^lla. 830 ARBORETUM £T FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM ■ t 14. P. balsami'fera L. The Balsam-bearing Poplar, or Tacamahac Tree. Identifkalion. Lin. Syst. Veg., 45. ; Mich. North Amer. Sylva, 2. p. 237. t. 98. ; Pursh Sept., 2. p. 618. Synonymes. P. Tacamali&ca Mill. Diet., No. 6. ; the Tacamahac, Amer. ; le Baumier, Fr. ; Peu- plief Hard, and also Tacamahac, in Canada ; Balsam Fappel, Ger. The Sexes. Plants of the male are in English gardens, and trees are occasionally found with male and female flowers on the same catkin. Engravings. Michx. North Amer. Sylva, 2. t. 98. f. 1. ; Du Ham. Arb., ed. nov., 2. t. ."iO. ; Pall. Fl. Ross., 1. t. 4}. ; the plate of this tree in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. vii. ; and our.;^*. 1507. and 1508., mdfig. 1509. from Pall. Ross. Spec. Char., Sfc. Shoot round. Bud very gummy. Petiole round. Disk of leaf ovate-acumitaate, or ovate-lanceolate, serrated with depressed teeth ; deep green on the upper surface, whitish on the under one, and tomentose there, but rather inconspicuously so, and netted with glabrous veins. Sti- pules subspinescent, bearing gum. Stamens 16, or more. (^Michx.') A tree of the middle size. North America, in the most northern parts, and in Dahuria and Altai. Height 40 ft. to 50 ft. ; in America, 80 ft. Introduced in 1692. Flowers purplish ; March and April. Decaying leaves brown and black. Varieties. S P, 1507, 1308, 1509. P. balsamifera. .b. 2 HoH. P. viminalis Load. Cat. ed. 1836 ; P. ialicifolia P. longifolia Fischer, Pall. Boss. t. 41. B. (Our^g-. 1510. from a living plant.) — A native of Altai, with slender twiggy branches, and leaves nearly lanceolate. Lodd. i P. b. 3 latifolia Hort. — Leaves rather broader than those of the species. H.S. S P. 6. 4 intermedia Hort., Pall. Fl. Ross t. 41. A. — A native of Dahuria, with stout, short, thick branches knotted with wrinkles ; and ovate, long, and rather narrow leaves ; and generally attaining only the height of a large shrub. Hort. Soc. Garden. ¥ P. 6. 5 suaveolens. P. suaveolens Fischer, and Lodd. Cat. ed. 1836. ; the new sweet-scented Poplar of the nurseries. — Said to be more fragrant than any other form of the species. i P. b. efdliis variegdtis Miller. — Leaves variegated. Hort. Soc. Gard. The balsam poplar, in the climate of London, is the very first tree that comes 1510. p. h. vlminillis. LXIX. 5ETULA^CEiE: ^'LNUS. 831 into leaf ; its foliage is of a rich gamboge yellow, and so fragrant as in moist evenings to perfume the surrounding air. The tree is remarkably hardy, but, unless in the vicinity of water, it seldom attains a large size in England,, or is of great duration. Readily propagated by suckers, which it sends up in abun- dance ; or by cuttings, which, however, do not strike so readily as those of the poplars belonging to P. nigra. * 15. P. ca'ndicans Ait. The whitish-feared Balsam-bearing, or Ontario, Poplar. Identtfication. Ait. Hort. Kew., 3. p. 406. ; Michx. N. Amer. Sylva, 2. p. 239. t. 98. f. 2. ; Pursh Sept., 2. p. 618. Synonymes. P. macrophJUa Lindl. in Encyc. of Plants p. 840. ; P. latifblia Mcench Meth. p. 338. ; P. ontarifensis De^. Hort. Par. ; P. cordSta Lodd. Cat. 1836 ; P. canadensis Mcench Weissenst. 81., but not of Michx. which is P. leevigSta WiUd. ; Balm of Gilead Tree, Boston, North Amer. ; Peuplier liard, Canada ; Peuplier k Feuilles veraissees, Fr. The Sexes. The male is in the London Horticultural Society's Garden ; the female is in the Duke of Wellington's garden at Apsley House, London.' Engravings. Michx. North Amer. Sylva, 2. t. 98. f. 2. ; and ourj^. 1511. Spec. Char., S[C. Shoot round. Bud very gummy. Stipules gummy. Pe- tiole compressed in its upper part, hairy in many instances. Disk of leaf heart-shaped at the base, ovate, acuminate ; serrated with blunt unequal teeth ; 3-nerved ; deep green on the upper surface, whitish on the under one, on which the veins appear reticulate. Inflorescence similar to that of P. balsamifera, and the disk of the leaf thrice as large as in that species. (^Michx.) A tree. North America, in the states of Rhode Island, Massa- chusetts, and New Hampshire. Height 50 ft. to 60 ft. Introduced in 1772. Flowers purplish ; March. Decaying leaves brownish. The Ontario poplar bears a close general resemblance to the balsam poplar : it has the ' rigid fastigiate habit of that tree, its fine fragrance, and its property of throwing up numerous suckers ; but it differs from it, in having very large heart-shaped leaves, and in attaining a larger size, both in its native country, and in British gardens. The buds are covered with the same balsamic sub- stance as those of P. balsamifera ; and the leaves are of the same fine yellow colour in spring, though they come out a fortnight later. Like those of the balsam poplar, they preserve, at all stages of their growth, the same shape. Readily propagated by cuttings or suckers, but the tree will not attain a large size unless on rich soil near water; though, as the roots creep along the surface, the soil need not be deep. 1511. P. candicans. - Order LXIX. .SETULA^CE^. Orb. Char. Flowers hermaphrodite, or unisexual. Perianth free, 4 — 5 lobed. Stamens 4 — 12. Ovarium solitary. Stigmas 2, distinct. Fruit mdehiscent, 2-celled, compressed, sometimes expanded into wings at the sides. Seeds solitary in the cells, pendulous. Albumen none. (G. Don.) Leaves simple, alternate, stipulate, deciduous ; entire or serrated. Flowers in terminal catkins. — Trees deciduous ; natives of Europe, Asia, and North America. Propagated by seeds or layers. The genera are two, which are thus contra-distinguished : — A'l.svs Tourn. Female catkins cylindrical ; seeds fiimished with a membrane on each side. 5e'tula Tourn. Female catkins oval, borne on a branchy peduncle ; seeds not bordered with membranes. 832 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. Genus I. A'L'^VS Totirn. The Aldeb. Lin. St/st. Monoe'cia Tetrandria- Identification. Tourn., t. 369, j Willd. Sp. PI., i. p. 334. ; Hall. Hist., 2, p. 300. ; Gartn., t. 90. Synonymes. ^etiilce species Lin. ; Aune, Fr. ; Erie, Ger.-. Ontano, Ital. ; Aliso, Span. Verivation. From at, near, and Ian. the edge of a river, Celtic; habitat : from the Hebrew, alon, an oak : or, according to others, from alitur amne. it thrives by the river. Gen. Char. Barren flowers numerous, -aggregate, in a loose cylindrical catkin Caft/ir apermanent wedge-shaped scale, 3-flowered, with two very minute lateral scales. Corolla composed of three equal florets. Filaments 4, from the tube of the corolla. Anthers of two round lobes. — Fertile fiowers fewer, aggregate, in an oval firm catkin. Calyx a permanent wedge-shaped scale, 2-flowered. Corolla none. Styles 2. Stigma simple. Nut ovate, without wings. {G. Don.) Leaves simple, alternate, stipulate, deciduous ; serrated or entire. Flowers terminal, greenish white, appearing earlier than the foUage, in pendulous catkins. — Trees deciduous, natives of Europe and North America; rarely exceeding the middle size, and some so low as to be considered shrubs. With the exception of A. glutinosa laciniata and A. cordifolia, the species are not very ornamental ; nor is the timber of great value, except for the charcoal which may be made from it. AH the species prefer a moist soil, or one in the vicinity of water. A. glutinosa ripens seeds freely, as do most of the other sorts ; but all the latter are generally propagated by layers. De- caying leaves dark brown or black, and not very ornamental. 2 1. A. GLUTiNo'sA GcEiin, The glutinous, or common, Alder. Identification. Gacrtn., 2. p. 54. ; Eng. Fl., 4. p. 131.; Hook. Lend., t. -59. ; Scot., 271. Synonymes. 5^tulus .^'Inus Lin. ; B. emargin^ta Ehrh. Arb. 9. ; A'lxMS Haii Syn. 442. ; Aune, Fr, ; gemeine Else, or Elser, or Schwartz Erie, Ger. ; Elsenboom, Dutch ; Alno, or Ontano, Ital. ; Aliso, or Alamo nigro. Span. Engravings, Eng. Bot., 1. 1508.; Hunt. Evel. SyK, 240. f. \ the plate of this species in Arb. Brit., ist edit., vol. vii. j and our Jig. 1514. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves roundish, wedge-shaped, wavy, serrated, glutinous, rather abrupt ; downy at the branching of the veins beneath. {Smith.) A deciduous tree. Europe, from Lapland to Gibraltar ; and Asia, from the White Sea to Mount Caucasus ; and also the North of Africa. Height 30 ft. to 60 ft. Flowers brownish ; March and April. Fruit brown ; ripe in October. Decaying leaves brownish black, or almost black. Varieties. A. g. 2 einargindta Willd. Baum. p. 19. — wedge-shaped, and edged with light green. A, g. 3 laciniata Ait., Willd. 1. c, Lodd. Cat. ed. 1836. A. g. incisa Hort. (The plate of a fine tree at Syon, in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. vii. ; and our Jig. 1512.) — Leaves oblong and pinnatifid, with the lobes acute. Wild in the north of France, particularly in Normandy, and in the woods of Montmorency near Paris. A. g. 4: quercijvlia Willd. 1. c. — Leaves sinuated, with the lobes obtuse. A. g. 5 oxyacanthcefblia. A. oxyacanthae-r folia Lodd. Cat. ed. 1836. (Our fig. 1513.) — Leaves sinuated and lobed ; smaller than those of the preceding va- riety, and somewhat resembhng those of the common hawthorn. Leaves nearly roundj 1512. .d. g. laclniiita. i.xix. ^etula'cea;: ^lnus. 833 • vi.g. 0Xyacaiithfief61ia t A, g. 6 macrocdrpa. A. macrocarpa Lodd. Cat. 1836. — Leaves and fruit rather larger than those of the species, and the tree is also of somewhat more vigorous growth. 5 A, g. 7 folks variegdtis Hort. — Leaves vai-iegatedi Olhei- Varieties. The following names are applied to plants in the collection of Messrs. Loddiges : A. nigra, A. rubra, a native of the Island of Sitcha, A. plicdta, and A. imduldta. The alder, in a wild state, is seldom seen higher than 40 or 50 feet ; but, in good soil near water, it will attain the height of 30 or 60 feet and upwards. A. g. laciniata forms a handsome pyramidal tree, which, at Syon, has attained the height of 63 ft. ; and at Woburn Farm, near Chertsey, is still higher. The rate of growth of the alder, in a favourable soil and situation, is about 2 or 3 feet a year for four or five years ; so that a tree 10 years planted will frequently attain the height of 20 or 85 feet ; and at 60 years the tree is supposed to have arrived at maturity. The roots are creeping ; and sometimes, but rarely, they throw up suckers. The tree does not associate well with others, with the ex- ception of the ash (Baudril.) ; but its shade and fallen leaves are not injui'ious to grass. Near water it retains its leaves longer than any other British deciduous tree. The wood, though soft, is of great durability in water. It weighs, when green, 62 lb. 6 oz. ; half-dry, 48 lb. 8 oz. ; and quite dry, 39 lb. -i oz., per cubic foot ; thus losing above a third of its weight by drying, while it shrinks about a twelfth part of its bulk. In the Dictionnaire des Eaux et Forets, the wood is said to "be unchange- able either in water or earth. It is used for all the various purposes to which soft homogeneous woods are generally applied ; viz. for turnery, sculpture, and cabinet- making ; for wooden vessels, such as basins, < plates, and kneading-troughs ; for sabots, wooden soles to shoes and pattens, clogs for women, and similar purposes. At Culzean Castle, Ayrshire, the alder is used as a nurse plant in situations exposed to the sea breeze. (See Gard. Mag. for 1841.) For raising the alder from seeds, the catkins should be gathered in dry weather, as soon as the seeds are matured, and carried to a loft, where they should be spread out thinly. The proper time of sowing is JVIarch ; and the covering, which ought to be of very light soil, should on no account exceed a quarter of an inch in thickness. The plants from spring-sown seeds will attain the height of from 3 in. to 6 in. the first summer. The second year they will be double or treble that height ; and in three or four years, if properly treated, they will be 5 or 6 feet higli. The nursery culture and after-management in plantations have nothing peculiar in them ; except that, when full-grown trees are to be cut down, it is advisable to disbark them a year before, that the wood, which is very watery, may be thoroughly seasoned ; a practice as old as the time of Evelyn. VVhen alders are cut down as coppice-wood in spring, when the sap is in motion, cai'e should be taken that the cuts are not made later than March ; and that they are in a sloping direction upwards. If, at this season, the cuts are made down- wards, the section which remains on the stool will be so far fractured as, 3 H 15H. A. glutindsa. 834 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. by the exudation of the sap and the admission of the weather, no to throw up vigorous shoots, and it will decay in a few years. S 2. A. OBLONGA^TA Willd. The oblong-leaved Alder. Identificalion. Willd. Sp. PI., 4. p. 335. ; Baum., p. 20. i N. Du Ham., 2. p. 215. Synonymes. ji'lnus fol oblong., &c., Bauh. ; A. fol. ovato- lanceol, &c.. Mill. Diet. ed. 7. ; langliche Else, Ger. Engravings. Our Jig. 1615. from a specimen in Sir W. J. He ' " " ' '' oolter's herbarium; and j?^, 1516. from a specimen in the Museum of the Jardin des Flantes. longer Spec. Char., ^c. 1515. A. oblong&t; Leaves elliptic, somewhat obtuse, glutinous ; axils of the veins naked on the under s\de.(WW.) A large deciduous shrub or low tree. Hungary, Aus- tria, and Turkey. Height 20 ft. to 30 ft. Intro- duced in 1749. Flowers greenish ; March and April. Fruit brown ; ripe in October or November. Varieti/. at ¥ A. u. 2fdliis ellip- tids Ait. A. pu- mila Lodd. Cat. — The leaves are somewhat narrower than in the species, 1516. A. cblniigfila. ¥ 3. A. inca'na WUld. The hoary-leaved Alder. Identification. "Willd. Sp. ,P1., 4. p. 335. ; N. Du "Ham., 2. p. 215. ; Hoss Anleilung, p. 190. Synonymes. B. .4'lnus var. iuc^na Lin. Sp. Fl. 1394. ; B. incana Lin. Suppl. ; B. viridis Vill. Dauplt. 2. p. 789. ; weisse Erie, graue Else, or weisse Eller, Ger. Engravings. Hayne Abbild., t. 136. j and our Jig. 1517. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves oblong, acute, pubescent beneath ; axils of the veins naked. Stipules lanceolate. {Willd.) A deciduous tree. Lapland, Sweden, and Prussia ; and on the hills in Aus- tria, Carniola, the Ukraine, Tyrol, and Switzerland ; also in North America. Height 30 ft. to 70 ft. Introduced in 1780. Flowers greenish ; March and April. Fruit brown ; ripe in October. Varieties. t A. i. 2 laciniata Lodd. Cat, ed. 1836. niated. Horticultural Society's Garden. t A. i. 3 glauca. A. glauca Michx. N. Amer. Sylv. ; .Betula incana var. glauca Ait. ; Black Alder, Amer. — The leaves are dark green above, and glaucous beneath ; the petioles reddish. This is one of the most beautiful trees of the genus, ¥ A.;. 4 angulata Ait. — Leaves green underneath, with the petioles also of a dark green. Other Varieties. A. americdna Lodd. Cat., and A. canadensis Lodd. Cat., appear to belong to this species ; but the plants in the Hackney ar- boretum are so small, that we have not been able to satisfy ourselves that they are sufficiently distinct to constitute even varieties. 1517. A. inciina. • The leaves are slightly laci- LXIX. ^etula^ce^e: ^lnus. 835 A. incana differs from the common alder, in the leaves being pointed, in the leaves and the young wood not being glutinous, in their hoary appearance, and in the absence of tufts of hair in the axils of the nerves of the leaves It forms a very handsome tree, will grow in either dry or moist soil, and well deserves a place in ornamental plantations. s 4. A. serrulaVa WUld. The saw- leaved Alder. Jdentfflcttlton. Willd. Sp. PI., 4. p. 336. ; Pursh Sept., 2. p. 623. ; Michx. N. Amer. Syl., 2. p. 113. Synortymes. .S^tula serrulata Ait. Hort, Kew. 3. p. 338. ; B. rugbsa Ehri. Bq/tr. 3. p. 21. ; ? A. americ^na Lodd. Cat. ed. 1836 ; ? A. canadensis Lodd. Cat. 1836 ; commoD Alder, Amer. ; Hazel- leaved Alder. Engravings. Wang. Amer., t. 29. f. 60. ; Michx. N. Amer. Syl., t. 76. f. 1. ; and our flg. 1518. from a livlDg specimen. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves obovate, acu- minate; veins and their axils hairy on the under side. Stipules elliptic, ob- tuse. {Willd.) A deciduous shrub. North America, in swamps and on river sides. Height 6 ft. to 10 ft. Introduced in 1769. Flowers greenish; March and April. Fruit brown ; ripe in October or November. .green, Its leaves are of a beautiful giccn, ^3==.- about 2 in. long ; oval, distinctly furrowed *^^ on the surface, and doubly denticulated at the edge. The wood, when cut into, is white ; but like that of all the alders, it becomes reddish when it comes in con- tact with the air. 1518. A. Eemil&ta. Sfe 5. A. UNDULA^TA Willd. Alder. The waved-Zeawrf 1619. A. undul&ta. Identification. Willd. Sp. PI., 4. p. 336. ; Baum., p. 21. ; Lodd Cat., ed. 1836. SyTwnymes. 5etula crispa Ait. Hort, Kew. 3. p. 339. ; B. j4'lnuE var. crispa Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer. 2. p. 181. ; A. crispa Pursfi Fl. Amer. Sept. 2. p. 623, N. Bu Bam. 2. ji. 216. Engraving. Our Jig. 1519. from a specimen in the British Museum. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves oblong, acute, rounded at the base ; petioles and veins hairy on the under side ; axils of the veins naked ; stipules ovate-oblong. (Willd.) A deciduous shrub. Canada, and on high mountains in sphagnout swamps in Pennsylvania. Height ? 10 ift. te 15ft. Introduced in 1782. Flowers greenish; March and April. Fruit brown ; ripe in October . t 6. A. cordifo'lia Lodd. The heart-leaved Alder. Identification. Lodd. Bot. Cab., t. 1231. Symmyme. A. cord^ta Tenore Prod. 54., Hayne Bend. p. 153. Engravings. Bot. Cab., t. 1231. ; the plate'of this species in Arb. Brit., Ist edit. vol. vii. ; and o • fig. 1520. Spec. Char., iSfc. Leaves heart-shaped, acuminate, dark green and shining (Tenore.) A tree of similar magnitude to the common alder. Calabria and Naples, in woods. Height 15 ft. to 20 ft. Introduced in 1820. Flowers greenish brown ; March and April, before the developement of the leaves. Fruit brown ; ripe in October. 3h 2 836 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. 1520. A, cordif&lia. A large and very handsome round-headed tree, with broad, deep green, shining leaves, deeply heart-shaped at the base. It growg with rapidity in dry soil, and is one of the most interesting ornamental trees that have of late years been introduced. It is a most distinct species ; and, though a native of the kingdom of Naples, it is perfectly hardy. It ripens seeds in the climate of London, and might easily be rendered as common as A. glutinosa. ai^ 7. 4- vi'ridis Dec. The green-kaved Alder. Identifkation. DeCandoIle PI. Fl., 3. p. 304. Synonymes. ^. ovata Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 1141.; .^'Inus fruticbs.a Schmidt \ ^etula ovkta. Schranli Sal. No. 159. ; B. A'lno-BitTilsB Ehrh. Beytr. 2. p. 72. ; B. viridis Hm-t. Engravings. Dend. Brit. t. 96. ; Bot. Cab., 1. 1141. ; Schmidt CEstr. Baum., 3. 1. 189. ; aod our Jig. 1.521., in which a is the ament, or male catkin ; b, the male flower magnified ; c, the stamen mag- nified ; d. a longitudinal section of the cone or female catkin ; e andff, transverse sections of the cone, to show the position of the scales ; /, the female catkins ; A, the samara, or seed, with its wings. Spec. Char., Src Leaves ovate, doubly serrated, glabrous. Pe- duncles of the female catkins branched. Scales of the stro- biles having equal lobes, trun- cate-nerved. {Willd.) A large deciduous shrub, or low bushy tree. Hungary, Styria, and Carinthia, on high mountains ; and Germany, in the neigh- bourhood of Saltzburg. Height 5 ft. to 6 ft. Introduced in ] 820. Flowers greenish brown ; March and April. Fruit brown ; ripe in August. This plant is considered by | many botanists as intermediate between the alders and the birches. It agrees with the alders, in hav- ing the peduncles of the female catkins ramose; and in general appearance it resembles the .4'lnus incana in _ _ to the birches, by the parts of its fructification, and by the somewhat greater number of its stamens. young state : but it belongs Lxix. BETVLk^cEm.: be'tvla. 837 1522. A. barb^ta. 1523. A, subcordata. Other Species of A'lnus. A. barbdta Meyer (our fig. 1522.), -^- obtusifolia Royle, is very abundant on the banks of the Jumna and Tonce. A. elongdta Royle occurs in Cashmere ; and A. ne- paleims Wall. (PI. As. Rar. t. 131.) on the moun- tains surrounding the valley from which it was named. (/&««. p. 341.) It appears probable, that A. nepal^nsis, a tree from 30 ft. to 40 ft. high, may prove sufhciently hardy to bear the climate of London. A. subcor- data Meyer (^owxfig. 1523.) was raised from seeds in the Birmingham Bo- tanic Garden in 1838 ; and A. jorullensis in the Horticultural Society's Garden in 1839. A. aeMmina/a Humb. et Bonpl. (Mem. Mus. vol. xiv. p. 464. t. 22. ; our_;?g. 1524.) has the leaves ovate, or ovate-oblong, acuminate, roundish at the base, doubly serrated, glabrous above ; the veins downy beneath. Panicle naked. Female catkins terminal. {Mirb.) A tree. Peru. Leaves 3 in. to 6 in. long, and l^in. to 3 in. broad. A. castaneifo- lid Mirb. (Mem. Mus. vol. xiv. t. 21. ;and our_;?g. 1525.) has the leaves oblong- elliptic, blunt, repand, or ob- long- lanceolate, erose or den- tate, petiolate ; glabrous above; the axils of the veins downy beneath, panicle leafy at the base. Male catkins leafy, erect. (Mirb.) A tree. Tarma in Peru. Leaves 3 in. to 5 in. long, and 10 lin. to 15 lin. broad. Stipules small, glabrous, membranaceous, linear-lanceolate, catkins 1 in. to 2 in. long, more slender than in A. glutinosa, and- 4 or 5 in a panicle. Female catkins about 2 in. long, 4 or 5 on a common pedicel. (Mem. Mus., xiv. 464.) 1524. A. acuminata. 1525. A. ca^taneifolia. Male Genus II. mm i ..•m BE'TVLATourn. The Birch. Lin. Syst. Monoe'cia Polyandria. Idmtificatim. Toum., t. 360. ; Lin. Gen., 486. ; Fl. Br., 1011. Synonymes. Bouleau, Fr. j Betula, Ital. ; Abedul, Span. ; Betulla, Port. : Birke, Ger. ; Berk, Dutch ; Birk, Danish and Scotch ; BiOrk, or Bork, Swedish ; Beresa, Russian ; Brzcza, Polish. Derivaliffn. From betu, its Celtic name ; or, according to others, from the Latin word hatuere, to 3h 3 838 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. beat ; from the fasces of the Roman llctors, which were always made of birch rods, being used to drive baclc the people. Pliny derives the name from bitumen. Gen. Char., SfC. Barren flowers. Catkins cylindrical, lax, imbricated all round with ternate concave scales the middle one largest, ovate. Corolla none. Filaments 10 to 12, shorter than the middle scale, to which they are attached. Anthers roundish, 2-lobed. — Fertile flowers. Catkins similar but more dense ; scales horizontal, peltate, dilated outwards, 3-lobed, 3- flowered. Corolla none. Germen compressed. Styles 2. Stigma simple. Nut oblong, deciduous, winged at each side. (G. Don.) Leaves simple, alternate, stipulate, deciduous; serrated or entire. Flowers whitish, in pendulous catkins. — Trees or shrubs, deciduous, with round slender branches, and the bark in most species in thin membranous layers. Natives of Europe, Asia, and North America. The species are generally found in mountainous rocky situations in the middle of Europe ; but they grow wild in plains and peaty soils in the northern regions. The common birch is one of the hardiest of known trees ; and there are only one or two other species of ligneous plants which approach so near to the North Pole. They all ripen seeds in the climate of London ; and are all of the easiest culture in any ordinary soil ; but, being hair-rooted, they do not grow so well in very strong clays ; nor do plants of this genus, when raised from layers or cuttings, grow so freely as in the case of most other genera. The leaves of the birch having Httle succulency, and being astringent and aromatic, are very rarely subject to the attacks of insects. The wood of all the species is much less durable than the bark. The leaves of most of the species die off of a rich yellow, and some of them of a deep red or scarlet. Leaves small. Natives chiefly of Europe. S 1. B. a'lba L. The white, or common. Birch. Identification. Lin. Sp, PL, 1393. ; Engl. Fl., 4. p. 153. ; Hook. Br. Fl., 3d cd., ji. 411. Synonymes. B. pubescens Ehrh. Arb. 67. ; .Betula Rait Syn. 445. ; B. setn€nsis Saji. ; Bouleau common, Fr. ; gemeine Birlse, Ger. ; Bedollo, Ital. Engravings. Eng. Bot., t. 2198. ; and oyi-t fig. 1528. Spec. Char., SfC. Leaves ovate, acute, somewhat deltoid, unequally serrated, nearly glabrous. {Smith.) A deciduous tree. Europe, more especially in the colder regions ; a diminutive shrub in the exti-eme north, but a tree from 50 ft. to 60 ft. high in the middle regions. Flowers whitish ; in Lapland, in May ; and in the Apennines, and in England, in February and March. Fruit brown ; ripe in September and October. Decaying leaves rich yellow, scarlet, or red. Varieties. ¥ B. a. 2 pSndula Smith. B. pendula Roth Germ. i. p. 405. pt. 2. p. 476. ; B. verrucosa Ehrh. Arb. 96. ; B. pendulis virgulis Loes. Priiss.; the weeping Birch. — A well-known tree, distinct from the species in having the shoots more slender, smoother, and pendu- lous. (See the plate of the youn^' tree in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. vii.) S B. a. 3 pubescens. B. pubescens Ehrh. Beitr. vi. 98. (Our flg. 1526.) — The leaves covered with white hairs. t B. a, 4 830 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BIIITANNICUM. 1543. Q. p. fastif^H&ta. we know of, in England, stands in the park at Moccas Court, Here- fordshire, and is, perhaps, one of the most extraordinary trees of the oak kind in existence. It generally comes true from seed. ( See Gard. Mag. vol. xii. p. 368.) 1544. 0.\> lien roiihyiltb LXX. CORYLA^CEiE : QUE'HCUS. 851 S Q,. f). 5 heterophylla. Q. ialicifolia Hort., Q. laciniata Lod. Cat., Q. /ili- cifolia Hort., Q. Fennessi Hort. (Our _/%. 1S44.) — In this variety the leaves vary exceedingly in magnitude, in shape, and in being lan- ceolate and entire, cut at the edges, or deeply laciniated. t. Q. p. 6 folUs vatiegatis Lodd. Cat. — Leaves variegated with white, with some streaks of red. When finely grown, a very ornamental tree. ¥ Q,. p. 1 purpurea, Q.fuvpmea. Lodd. Cat. — Young shoots, and the foot- stalks of the leaves, tinged with purple. Young leaves, when they first come out, ahnost entirely purple, and very striking. A tree, which is among the oaks what the purple beech is among the beeches. There is a specimen 30 ft. high at Arno's Grove, Southgate. Other Varieties. Q. p. HodgfnsM, Q. p. cinerea, and Q. p. dulcis are described in our first edition. The varieties of British oaks which might be selected from extensive woods of that ti ee are without end. Quercus pedunculata, both in Britain and on the Continent, is generally found on better soil than Q. sessiliflora ; and its wood splits more easily, and is lighter, than the wood of that species. In France, the chene-a-grappes is always planted in preference to the chene-rouvre, where the soil is sufficiently good. When both oaks are planted together in good soil, the red oak (Q. sessiliflora) outgrows the white oak (Q. pedunculata) j and, when either oak grows on particular descriptions of soils, with bad subsoils, the wood assumes a brown or dark colour, and is found, when worked up, to be of comparatively short duration. Hence, a good deal of confusion has arisen as to the com- parative value of the wood of these two species. For splitting, the white oak is to be preferred ; and, with respect to durability, we beheve that depends more on the soil, and on the rapidity or slowness of growth, than on the species. (See Arb. Brit., 1st edit., p. 1731. to p. 1842. ; and Gard. Chron., vol. i. p. 70.) t 2. Q. SEssiLiFLo^RA Sal. The sessile-flowered Oak. Identification. Sal. Prod., 392. ; Smith Fl. Br., No. 2. a j Eng. Bot., t. 1845. Syjumymes. Q. iiftbur WiUd. ; Q. R. var. sessile Mart. Ft. Rust. t. 11. ; Q. sessilis Ekrh. Arb. 87.; Q. platyph^Ilos, mas et ifsra.^ Dalech. Hist. 2,3.; G. latjfolia maB.&c.Bauk. Pin., Rait Syn. 440. ; Q. regdlis Burnet ; ? Q. austr^Iis Cook ,- Q. mannifera, the Manna Oak, Lindl. Rot. Reg. 1841 ; Q. iiiong61ica Ibid, and Gard. Chron. vol. i. o. 3.5. ; the Hed Oak, Chestnut oak. Bay Oak ; Chene mk\e, Secondat ; Chene roure or rouvre, Diirelin, Fr. ; Stein Eiche, gemeire Eiche, spat Eiche, Winter Eiche, diirr Eiche, roth Eiche, Berg Eiche, Ger. ; Querela vera, and Quercia commune, Ital. ; Roble, Span, 1.54.5 q. sai$mfl6ra. Derivation. The name of Chestnut Oak is given to this species, because its wood is supposed by some to resemble that of the sweet chestnut, as do the leaves in a slight degree, of some of the v.arieties The French names imply the male oak, the red oak, and tlie hard oak. The German 3 I 2 852 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICIJM. names, the stone oak ; the common oak, the late oak, in allusion to its lateness in leafing ; the winter oak, from its frequently keeping on its leaves during winter ; dry oak, probably from the leaves remaining on the tree after they have become dry and withered; red oak, from the colour of its wood ; and hill oak, from its being more abundant on hilly ground than the Q. pedunculdta. Engravings. Eng. Bot., t. 1845. ; N. Du Ham., 7. t. .52. ; Willd. Abbild., t. 130. ; the plate of this tree in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. vii. ; and owrfig, 1545. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leave.s on longish footstalks, deciduous, oblong, smooth ; sinuses opposite, rather acute ; lobes obtuse. Fruit sessile. Nut oblong. (Smith.) Leaves, when young, pubescent beneath. (Wi/ld.) A large decidu- ous tree, readily distinguished from the preceding species, even at a distance, by the less tufted appearance, and generally paler green, of its foliage during summer ; and, in winter, by its less tortuous spray and branches, by its lighter-coloui'ed bark, by its larger buds, and by its frequently retaining its leaves, after they have withered, till the following spring. Varieties. t Q. »■. 2' pubescens. Q, s. var. /3 Smith Eng. Fl. vol. iv. p. 150. ; Q. pu- bescens Willd. Sp. PL iv. p. 450. ; Q. R. lanuginosum La?n. Diet. i. p. 7 1 7. ; the Durmast, Mart. Fl. Rust. t. 12. — Leaves downy be- neath. Fruit sessile, but sometimes subsessile. It Q. s. 3 macrocarpa. Q. iSobur ma- crocarpum Booth. (Our _fig. 1546.) — Fruit large. Lodd. 1546. Q. s. macrocilrpa. 1547. Q. s. falkenbcrg^nsis. * Q. s. 4 faUcenbergensis. Q. falkenbergensis Booth, Forbes Horl. Tour p.5., and Arb. Brit. 1st edit. p. 1926. (Our>g. 1547.)— Leaves small and serrated. Fruit small. Plant stunted. Found on the hills of Falkenberg by Mr. Booth in 1832, and introduced in 1837. t Q. s. S> austrdlis. Q. ? australis Linlc in Spreng. Syst. Quer. No. 59., and Arb. Brit, 1st edit. p. 1925. (Our Jig. 1548.) — Leaves large,, regularly lobed, and evergreen or sub-evergreen. Introduced by Capt. S. E. Cook (now Widderington) in 1835, and possibly a dis- tinct species, but we think not. Horticultural .Society's Garden. Other Varieties are mentioned by Bosc and some French authors, and in the Gardener's Magazine, vol. xii p. 571., and Arb. Brit., 1st edit., p. 1737., fifteen are described as having been found by the Rev. W. T. Bree in War- wickshire, in the district called the Forest of Arden. Quercus sessiliflora is general!}' the only British oak found in poor soil ; for example, on the high grounds on the south bank of the Thames between Greenwich and Gravesend. On the poor soils of the north and middle of France, it is the only oak which is indigenous. The oaks of the Bois de Boulogne are entirely of this species ; as are those in the woods of Meudon, and throughout the whole of the extensive Forest of Fontainebleau. In Britain it is also frequently found in rich soil, with or without Q. peduncu- lata ; but the latter species is never found indigenous on soils so poor as those in which Q. sessiliflora is found. ^See our first edition.) LXX. CORYLA^CE^ : QUE RCl'S. S53 ' IMS. Q. ■. auitr^Iis. 5^ 3. Q. pyrena'ica Willd. The Pyrenean Oak. Identification. Willd. ; N. Du Ham., 7. p. 179. ; Rees's Cycl., No. 7.^. Synonymes. Q. Taindn Pers. ; Q. nigra Thore Chlor. ; d. Tt>sa Bosc ; Q. stolonlfera Lafeyr. \ (1. tomentbsa Bee. \ Chene noir, Secondat ; Chene-tauzin, Fr. Engravings. Secondat, Mem. du Chene, t. 2. and t. 5. ; N. Du Ham., 7. t. 56. ; and our Jig. 1549. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves oblong, pinnatifid ; stalked ; downy beneath ; some- what heart-shaped and unequal at the base ; lobes obtuse, slightly toothed. Fruit stalked. {Willd.) A low tree, technically deciduous, but retaining its withered leaves throughout the winter, and till they are pushed off' by the expanding buds in the following summer. Pyrenees. Height 20 ft. to 30 ft. Introduced in 1822. Flowers greenish white ; May and June. Readily known, from its infancy upwards, from every other oak, in spring, by the dense covering of woolly down that is spread over its young leaves, which, on their first appearance (in the climate of London, three weeks later than those of the com- mon oak), are of a reddish tinge. The leaves are retained during the winter, when they appear curled up, and at the extremities of the shoots remind one of the carved work in wood of the sculptor Gibbons. The roots run near the surface, and throw up nu- merous suckers. The wood, which weighs 60 lb. per cubic toot, is of great hardness, toughness, and dura- bility, but apt to warp ; the bark furnishes the best of all tan. It is one of the most ornamental of oaks, and being of small stature it ought to find a place in every collection, instead of which it is com- paratively rare in England. Several varieties are mentioned in the DuHamel. t 4. Q. .E'scuLUS L. The Esculus, or Italian, Oak. Identification. Lin. Sp. PI., 1414. ; N. Du Ham., 7. p. 176. ; Rees's Cycl., No. 70. Synonymes. Ph^gus £'sculus, mas et fcem., Dalech. Hist. 6. ; Chene grec, Fr. Derivation. From esca, food. The Esculus of the classics is by some taken for the beech tree ; but the Q. jE'sculus of Linnaus is now believed to be the Fhagos of Xheophrastus, which he ex- 'pressly says is a kind of oak. Engravings. The plate of this tree in Arb, Brit., Ist edit., vol. vii. ; and omfig- '550 3 I 3 1249. Q. pyrenaica. New 854 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BUITANNICUM. 15r.O. Q. E'sciilus. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves ovate-oblong, sinuated, smooth ; paler beneath ; seg- ments bluntish, somewhat angular at the base. Fruit nearly sessile. Calyx scaly, hemispherical. {Smith.) A deciduous tree of the middle size. South of Europe. Height 20 ft. to .30 ft. Introduced in 1739. Flowers greenish white ; May. Acorns brown ; ripe in October. A very handsome species, quite hardy, and deserving a place in every col- lection. There are large specimens of it in Whitton Park. 5. Q. (E.) APENNrNA Lam. Oak. The Apennine Idenii/tcation. Lam. Diet. Encycl. 1. p. 725. ; N. Du H.lln., 7. p. 177.; Bosc JVTem. sur les Chenes. Synonymes. Q. conglomerata Pers. ; Chene hivernal, Fr, Engravings. N. Du Ham., 7. t. 53.; and our^. 1551. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves oval-oblong, petiolated, sinuated, pubescent beneath, bordered with obtuse lobes, somewhat angular. Acorns oval, disposed along a short peduncle. {Lam.) The leaves are exceedingly woolly beneath ; the acorns small, almost globular, and sometimes borne to the number of 8 or 10 on one peduncle, not above 1 in. in length. The tree does not attain a large size, seldom exceeding the height of 20 ft. Not yet introduced ; but apparently only a variety of Q. JS'sculus i or perhaps even identical with it. 1551. Q. apflnnlna. § ii. Cerris. Mossy-cupped, or Turkey, Oaks. Sect. Char. Leaves lobed and sinuated, or dentated ; more or less persistent ; in some varieties, sub-evergreen or evergreen ; always dying off of a dirty white or paper brown, never with any tinge of red or yellow. Buds fur- nished with linear stipules. Fructification generally biennial. Cups echi- nate, ramentaceous, or scaly, squarrose. 'i 6. Q. Ce'rris L. The bitter, or mossy-cupped. Oak. IdentificaUon. Lin. Sp. Pi. ,,1416.; N. Du Ham., 7. p. 182. ; Kees'a Cycl., No. 83. Synonymes. Q. crinita a and ^, Lam. Diet. 1. P- 718. ; Q. //aliphlcs^os Juss. in Hort. Far, ; Q. burgundlaca, &c., £ii«4. Pm. 420. ; Q. Cerris Pllnii, &c., Lob. lam. % 166., Ood. Pempt. 831., Ger. Emac. 1345. ; Cerrus Jialech. Hist. vol. 1. p. 6. ; the Turkey Oak ; the Iron, or Wainscot, Oak ; Chene Cerris, Chene chevelu, Ch^ne de Bourgogne, Fr. ; Burgundische Eiche, Cerr-eiche, Ger. ; Cerro Ghiande amare, Jtal. Lxx. coryla'ce^: que'rcus. 855 Derivation. The specific appellatiou Hatiphloeos was applied by Pliny to an oak witli very bitter acorns : but it may be derived from halts, enough, and phloios, bark ; m reference to the tendency to corkiness in the bark. The Irou Oak alludes to the weight of its wood, which is much heavier than that of the common oak. The term Wainscot Oak refers to its suitableness for lining the walls of rooms, from the Dutch words, wardy a wall ; and schorten, to suspend. Engravings. N. Du Ham,, 7. t. 57. ; the plates of this tree in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. vii. ; and our.^s. 1552. and 1653. Spec. Char., ^c. Leaves on very short stalks, oblong, deeply and unequally pinnatifid ; hairy beneath j lobes lanceo- late, acute, somewhat angular. Stipules longer than the footstalks. Calyx of the fruit hemispherical, bristly. (^Smith.) A large deciduous tree, attaining the same 1^53. q. Cinis. 1552. Q. CeiTis. height as the British oak, but of much more rapid and vigorous growth. France, Italy, Spain, Austria, and the Levant. Introduced in 1735. Flowers greenish white ; April. Acorns brown ; ripe in October of the second year, and some- times in the autumn of the first year. Varieties. There is a great tendency in this species to sport.; so that many varieties may be selected from every bed of seedlings. It also ap- pears to hybridise with facility, especially with Q. Suber ; and from this cross the numerous race of varieties known as the Lucombe or Exeter oaks, the Fulham oaks, and the Ragnal oaks have been raised. There are also some varieties of Q. Cerris which appear to owe their origin to geo- graphical circumstances ; such as Q. C. austriaca, and Q. C. crinita. The varieties cultivated in British nurseries may, for pracrical purposes, be ar- ranged as deciduous, sub-evergreen, and evergreen. * Foliage deciduous. a. Leaves pinnatifid or sinuated. Cups of the Acorns mossy. ¥ Q. C. 1 vulgaris. Q. C. fronddsa Mill. Diet. ed. 5. (see fig. 1552., and the plates of this tree in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. vii.) — Leaves pinnatifidly sinuated, and the cups covered with soft moss. Of this variety there is an endless number of subvarieties. Fig. 1552. maybe considered as the normal (ana: fig. 1554. has the leaves more deeply sinuated : fig. 1553. is from a specimen cf great 314 856 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. beauty, sent us by John Thomas Brook, Esq., of Flitwick House : and fig. 1553., copied from the figure given in Olivier's Travels, is the Q. ciinita var. c Lam. Diet. i. p. 718. ; Q. Tour- nefortij Willd. No. 74. ; Q. orientalis latifolia, &c., Toum. Cor. 40., Voy. ii. p. 172.; Q. Cerris Oliv. Voy. i. p. 221., Eng. ed. ii. p. 5. and t. 12. ; and Q. /^aliphlcE^os Bosc Mem. sur les Chenes. Fig. 1556. shows portraits of three leaves, taken from a specimen of Q. Cerris vulgaris gathered in the arboretum at Milford in 1835, and there erroneously named Q. lusitanica. We have observed a similar diversity of appearance in the leaves of an old tree of Q.. t'erris in the grounds at Buckingham Palace. 1554. Q. C. vulKiria. 1555. Q. C. vulgiris. 1556. Q. C. vulf^ris. 3* Q. C. 2 pendula Neill in Lauder's Gilpin, vol. i. p. 73. — Branches pen- dulous. The handsomest tree of this variety in Britain is proba- bly that at Hackwood Park, 40 ft. high, from a specimen of which fig. 1557. was taken. The branches not only droop to the ground, but, after touching it, they creep along the surface to some distance, like those of Soplim-a japonica pendula, p. 196. 2 Q. C. 3 lacinidta. (^fig. 1558.)— There is a fine tree of this interesting variety in Hackwood Park. 1S57. Q. C. p6ndula. 1558. C. C. laciniilta. S Q. C. 4 variegdta Lodd. Cat., ed. 1836. — LeaAes variegated, b. Leaves dentate. Cups of the Acorns bristly. S Q. C. 5 austriaca. Q. austriaca Willd. No. 76. ; Q. Chris Host Syn. 320., a and (3 No. 28. ; Q. crinita y Cirris Lin., Lam. Diet. i. p. LXX. CORYLA CE^ : QUE RCUS. 857 718.; Q. calyce Wspido, &c., Bauh. Pin. 420. (The plate of this tree in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. vii. ; and oxiv fig. 1559.) — Leaves on longish stalks, ovate-oblong, slightly but copiously sinuated ; downy and hoary beneath ; lobes short, ovate, acute, entire. Stipules shorter than the footstalks. Calyx of the fruit hemispherical, bristly. 1559. $■ C. austriaca. (Smith.') Sir J. E. Smith observes that this tree is " generally mis- taken for Q.. C^rris, from which nothing can be more certainly dis- tinct ;" we admit their distmctness, but no one who has seen the two trees together in the Horticultural Society's Garden can, we think, doubt their being only differ- ent forms of the same species. Austria, Hungary, Carniola, Italy, , and other parts of the South of Europe, in stony mountainous places. Height and other particu- lars as in the species. Q. C. 6 cdna major. Q. cana major Lodd. Cat. ed. 1836 {fig. 1560.) ; the hoary-leaved bitter, or Turkey, Oak. — Resembles Q. austriaca in the form of its leaves ; but they are much more downy beneath. Q. C. 7 cdna minor. Q. cana mmor Lodd. Cat. ed. 1836. — Resembles the preceding kind, but has narrower leaves. Q. C. 8 Rdgnal. Q. Ragnal Lodd. Cat. ed. 1836 ; the Ragnal Oak. This variety has rather narrower and more deeply cut leaves than 1.5G0. Q. C. cina mijor. 858 ARBORETUM ET FUUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. Q. C. cana major ; but, in other respects, scarcely diiFers from that variety. ** Foliage sub-evergreen. Leaves dentate. Acorns with bristly Cups. The leaves remain on the tree through a great part of the winter, retain- ing their vitality and greenness. In mild winters, the leaves do not begin to di'op till March or April ; and, even in severe winters, a part of them, on the sheltered side of the tree, continue green till near the end of that month. 1561. q. C. fulhain^mis. ^ Q. C. 9 fulkamensis. Q. C. dentata Wats. Dend. Brit. t. 93. ; Q. C. hybrida var. dentata Swt. ; the Fulham Oak. (See the plates of this tree in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. vii. ; and our_;?g. 1561.) — Leaves, alternate, ovate-elliptic, largely dentated ; the dents obtuse-angular IJJCS Q. C, Lucuinbeuiu. LXX. CORYLA^CEffi: QUE'rCUS. 859 their sides excurved, and their vertices shortly niucronate. (Wats.) This is a fine broad-leaved sub-evergreen variety, of which there is a magnificent specimen in the Fulham Nursery. t Q. C. Wf.latifdlia Hort. — Leaves broader than those of the preceding variety. t Q. C. 11 Lucovibekua. Q. Lucombeana Swt. ; Q. exoniensis Lodd. Cat, ed. 1836 ; the Lucombe Oak, the everg een Turkey Oak, the Devonshire Oak, the Exeter Oak. (See the plate of this tree in Arb. Srit., 1st edit.; and our ^g. 1362.) — Raised by Lucombe, nurseryman at Exeter, from seeds of the species sown about 1762, and so closely resembling Q. C. fulharaensis as scarcely to be worth keeping distinct. #»* Foliage evergreen, or very nearly so. Leaves varying from dentate to sinuate. Cups of the Acorns bristly. This section consists entirely of subvarie- ties of the Lucombe Oak, which diifer from the parent in being nearly evergreen. 1 Q. C. 12 L. crispa. Q. Lucombeana crispa Hmi. ; the new Lucombe Oak. {fig. 1563.) — Leaves somewhat curled at the edges, and the bark corky. t Q. C. 13 L. suberosa. Q. L. suberosa Hort. — Leaves somewhat longer than in the preceding variety, and the bark double the thickness ; that from a specimen sent us measuring 2 in. in thickness. J Q. C. 14 L. incisa. Q. L. incisa Hort. — Leaves longer, and somewhat more deeply cut, than those of the preced- ing varieties. . I Q. C. 15 L. dentdta. Q. L. dentata Hort.— A fine large-leaved evergreen variety, lately raised in the Exeter Nursery. } Q. 0. \&'heterophylla. Q. L. heterophylla ^or<. (fig. 1564..)— Foliage very variable ; also a recent production of the Exeter Nursery. The Turkey oak is a free-growing tree, with straight vigorous branches, which take a much more upright direction than those of the British or com- mon oak ; and both branches and twigs are, in every stage of the tree's growth, wholly free from the tortuous character of those of that species. The trunk is also straighter ; but the branches, at then- junction with it, being remark- able for an unusual degree of expansion, the trunks of middle-aged trees, as it is observed in the Dictionnaire des Eaux et Forets, often appear gibbous. The bark is comparatively smooth and dark when young, but corky as it grows old ; and it is reckoned less liable to chap and crack than that of the common oak.' The leaves are of a beautiful bright shining green, somewhat glaucous or hoai-y beneath ; and they vary so exceedingly in size and shape in different trees raised from seed, that almost every individual, if described from the leaves alone, might be constituted a distinct species : they have short foot- stalks and are most readily distinguished from those of oaks of every other section by their small buds, and the numerous linear persistent stipules which proceed from them. The acorns are sessile, or on very short footstalks ; and they are easily known by the bristly or mossy clothing of their cups. They are remarkably bitter and austere ; a circumstance noticed by Phny. 1563. Q. C. L. ciispa. The 860 ARBORETUM ET FRUnCETUM BRITANNICUM. 1564. Q. C. heteroliliilla. wood and bark are by some considered as having the same pro- perties as those of the British oak ; but, as it is only about a century since the tree was in- troduced into this country, very few spe- cimens have attained a sufficient size to be cut down for timber, and very httle experience has been obtained on the subject. The tree is one of very great beauty, both in point of form and foliage; and, being of great rapidity of growth, it is equalled by few for ornamenta] plantations. The foliage of some varieties is persistent, like that of the beech and the hornbeam : and of others, supposed to be hybrids, it is sub-evergreen, or so near being completelj' evergreen, as to be retained on the trees till May. The species, and most of the varieties, ripen acorns in England, from which plants are raised with great facilitj' ; but the varieties, like those of every other oak, being very liable to sport, can only be continued by grafting or by layers. The stocks employed maybe either those of Q. 6'erris, or of the common British oak ; and the grafting may be per- formed in the whip manner, with as great certainty of success as in grafting common fruit trees. If 7. Q. ^'gilops L. The iEgilops, or Valonia, Oak. Idenlificalion. Lin. Sp. PI., 1414. ; N. Da Ham., 7- p- 175. Synonymes. Q. orientaiis, &c., Tourn. Cor. 40. ; ^''gilops sive Cerrus mas C. Bnuhin^ Secondat ; Vtlani Tourn. Voy. 1. p. 128. ; Glans Cerri Dalech Hist. 1. p. 7. the great prickly-cupped Oak; Chene Velani, Fr. ; Chene Velantde Base ; Knopper Eiche, Ger. ; Valtonea, Ilat. Engravings. Mill. Ic, 2. t. 215, ; Oliv. Travel., t. 13. ; N. Du Ham., 7. t. 61. ; the plates of this trtie in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. vii. ; and our.;^^. lijGS. Spec. C/iar., S^c. Leaves ovate-oblong, with bristle-pointed tooth-like lobes ; hoary beneath. Calyx of the fiuit very large, hemispherical, with lanceo- late, elongated, spreading scales. (Smith.) A low deciduous tree. Islands of the Archipelago, and throughout all Greece. Height 20 ft. to 50 ft. Introduced in 1V31. Flowers greenish white; May. Acorns large, brown, with numerous lanceolate scales, very ornamental ; ripe in October. Varieties. S Q. M. 2 pendtila Hort. — Branches drooping. t Q. JE, 3 latifolia Hort. — Leaves rather broader than those of the species. One of the most splendid species of the genus. In British nurseries it is not very common, but it is quite hardy, never injured by frost, and acorns may be imported in abundance from the South of France. The cups and acorns are annually exported from the Levant in large quantities, and are in great demand for tanning, being said to contain more tannin in a given bulk of substance than any other vegetable. A tree of this species at Syon, I,XX. COR\LA*CE^ : QUE'kCUS. 861 1565. Q. vE'fiiloiie. though under 30 ft. in height, bears acorns annually ; which, however, do not always ripen. B. Natives af North America. The American oaks being generally propagated in Europe by acorns im- ported from America, we shall here give a comparative view of the acorns o( some of the common kinds. Fig. 136G. represents acorns of the natural size, 1566. Aconu of the natural size. of all the kinds that were imported by Mr. Charlwood of London, seedsman, in the year 1836; but, that year being unfavourable for the ripening of acorns in America, fewer sorts were imported than usual, and the nuts of these few are under the average size. In this figure, a is the acorn of Quercus alba; b, that of Q. macrocarpa, with the cup on j c, that of Q. obtuslloba ; d, Q. Prinus toraentosa ; e, Q. P. pumila ; f, Q. tinctoria ; g, Q. nigra ; k, Q. Phellos ; and i, Q. palustris. Most sorts of the American oak in Messrs. Lod- 862, ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. diges's collection (the most complete in Europe, unless we except that of M. Vilmorin,) are propagated by grafting on the common oak, close to the ground ; and largely earthing up the grafts afterwards, so as to leave only the points of the scions exposed to the air. This earthing up not only preserves a uniform degree of moisture round the graft j but the earth employed being taken from the adjoining surface, and consequently having been heated by the sun, produces an immediate increase of temperature round the graft, which gives an impulse to the rising sap, and so accelerates vegetation. We had the advantage, in August, 1840, of examining all the American oaks in the Bois de Boulogne, in company with M. Michaux, who sowed the adorns in 1822 ; and we there observed, as we had previously done in the Hackney Arboretum, that much the most rapid, vigorous, and erect growing species was Q. pa- lustris ; next Q. coccfnea, which resembles Q. paliistris, but with leaves on a larger scale ; then Q. rubra ; and, next to that species, Q. nigra and Q, tinc- toria. Q. alba is not in the Bois de Boulogne, the acorns, as M. Michaux informed us, rarely retaining their vitality during the time requisite 20 years ago to bring them to Europe. § iii. A'lbcB. White American Oaks. Sect. Char. Leaves lobed, and sinuated, not mucronated ; broadest at the upper extremity ; dying off more or less shaded with a violet colour. Bark white, or whitish brown, cracking and scaling off in thin laminae. Fructifi- cation annual. Cups imbricate or echinate. Nut oblong, generally large. t 8. Q. a'lba Lin. The American white Oak. Idenlificalion. Lin. Sp. PI., 1414. j Pursh, vol. 2. p. 633. ; Michx. Quer., No.'4. t. 5. Synonymes. Q. Alba virginiana Park. Theat. Bot. ; Q. a. pinnatifida Walt. Carol, p. 230. No. 10. ; a. paldstria Marsh, p. 120. No. 3. ; Chene blanc de I'Amerique, Fr. ; weisse Eiche, Ger. Engravings. Cat. Carol., 1. 1. 21. f. 2. ; Michx. N. Amer. Syl., vol. 1. 1. 1. ; the plate of this tree in Arb. Brit., l8t edit., vol. vii. ; and our^. 1569. Spec. Char., ^c. Leaves oblong, pinnatifidly serrated ; pubescent underneath : lobes linear-lanceolate, obtuse, entire, attenuated at the base. Fruit pedun- culated. Calyx somewhat cup-shaped, warty, and flattened at the base. Acorn oval. (Willd.) A large deciduous tree. North America. Height 60 ft. or upwards. Introduced in 1724. Flowers greenish white ; April. Varieties. The elder Michaux gives the two following forms of this species, the leaves of both of which are shown mfig. 1567. copied from Michaux's Histoire des Chenes Ameriques : — i' Q. a. 1 pinnatifida Michx. (Hist, des Chenes Amer., t. 5. f 1. ; and our Jig. 1567. a.) Q. alba Ban. Cat. Stirp. Virg. ; Q. virginiana Catesb. Carol, i. p. 21. t. 21. ; Q. a. paliistris Marjh. p. 120. No. 3. — The usual form of the species, and com- mon from Canada to Florida. Fig. 1568. ^^ is a sprig and acorn ^ of Q. alba pinnati- fida, taken from Mi- chaux's North Ameri- can Sylva, vol. i. 1. 1 . ; and the acorn without its calyx is shown in Jig. 1566. at a. ISCS. fl. a. i,innatlfida. a. 2 repdnda Michx. (Hist, des Chenes, t. 5. f. 2. ; and our Jig. 1567. b. — Found wild in the forests of Carolina, and sometimes oc- curring in seed-beds of Q. alba in Europe. Fig. 1669. is from a sprig 15G7. Q. a. pinnatifida. Q. LXX. CORYLA^CEiE : QUE'RCUS. RBg 1569. Q. a. repanda. apparently of this variety, grown in the Horticultural Society's Garden, under the name ot Q. alba. In Messrs. Loddiges's arbo- retum is an oak named Q. squamosa, from a specimen of which fg. 1570. was taken. This tree, which is 20 ft. high, has exactly the 1570. Q. a. repdnda. appearance, bark, and habit of growth of Q. alba, and as it only differs from it in the shape of the leaves, it is doubtless only a vari- ation of this variety. The American white oak, according to' Michaux, bears most resemblance to Q. pedunculata. The leaves, he says, are regularly and obliquely divided into oblong rounded lobes, destitute of points or bristles ; and the indentations are the deepest in the most humid soils. Soon after their unfolding, the leaves are reddish above, and white and downy beneath ; when fully grown, they are smooth, and of a light green on the upper surface, and glaucous underneath. In the autumn they change to a bright violet colour. ' Michaux adds that this is the only American oak that retains some of its withered leaves till spring. The acorns are large, oval, and very sweet; and they are contained in rough, shallow, greyish cups. They are borne singly, or in pairs, on long peduncles, attached, as in all the species with annual fructification, to the shoots of the season. The bark of this species is white (whence the name) and scaly ; and on young trees it appears divided into squares, but on old trees into plates laterally attached. The wood is reddish, somewhat resembling that of the British oak, but lighter, and less compact. The rate of growth of thi» 864 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. tree, in British gardens, even where the soil is good and the situation shel- tered, may be considered as slower than that of the common oak ; but when grafted on the common oak it grows freely, and ripens its shoots, so as soon to form a handsome tree. 5 9. Q. (a.) olivjefo'rmis Miclix. The OYive-shape-fruited American Oak. Identification. Michx. Arb., 2. p. 32. ; N. Amer. Sy!., 1. p. 32, ; Pursh Fl. Amer. Sept. 2. p. 632. Synonyme. The mossy-cup Oak, Amer. Engravings. Michx. Arb., 2. t. 2. ; N. Amer. Syl., 1. 1. 3. ; and omjig. 1671. Spec. Char., S;c. Leaves oblong, smooth ; glau- cous beneath ; deeply and unequally pin- natifid. Fruit elliptic-ovate, on short footstalks. Calyx cup-shaped, fringed, and nearly covering the acorn. {Michx.) A deciduous tree on the Hudson, and in Genesee, but rare Height 60 ft. to 70 ft. ; and, according to Michaux, with a spreading head, and an imposing aspect. Introduced 1811. The bark is white and laminated ; but the tree is chiefly remarkable for the form and disposition of its secondary branches, which are slender and flexible, and always inclined towards the earth. The leaves are of a light green above, and whitish beneath : they re- semble those of the white oak in colour; but differ from them in form ; being larger, and very deeply and irregularly laciniated, with rounded lobes, so different in shape, that it is impossible to find two leaves that are alike. In all probability only a variety of Q. alba. t 10. Q. macroca'rpa Willd. The large fi-uited American Oak. Identification. Willd. Sp. PI., 4. p. 433. ; Pursh, 2. p. 632. ; Miclix. Quer., No. 2. Synonymes. The over-cup white Oak, Bur Oak, Amer. ; Chene 4 gros Glands, Chene frisd, Pr. \ gross-fruchtige Eiche, Ger. Engravings. Michx. Quer., No. 2. t. 2, 3. ; N. Amer. Syl., 1. t. 4. j the plate of this tree in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. viii. ; and our Jig. 1572. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves downy beneath, lyrate, deeply and sinu- ately lobed ; the lobes obtuse and spreading, and the upper one much dilated. The calyx deep, cup-shaped, scaly, and fringed with bristles. Acorns thick and ovate. {Willd.') A beautiful de- ciduous tree, laden with dark tufted foliage. Kentucky and Tennessee. Height 60 ft. Intro- duced in 1800. The leaves are larger than those of any other American oak, being fre- quently 15 in. long, and Sin. broad: they are notched near the summit, and deeply laciniated below. The ,5,2. 5,„.„„o4,p.. acorns (Jig. 1566. b), which are also larger than those of any other American species, are oval ; and enclosed for two thirds of theu' length in a thick rugged cup, which is generally bordered along 1571. Q. (a.)oHvtcrdrmlg. LXX. CORYLA^CEJE : QUE'RCUS. 865 tj. obttlslToba. its upper edge with fine, long, flexible filaments. The bai-k of the young branches is fi-equently covered with a yellowish corky substance, like that which is found on the liquidambar and some kinds of elm. S 11. Q. obtusi'loba Mickx. The blunt-lobed-feujjeii, or Post, Oak. Identification. Michx. Quer., No. 1. t 1. ; Pursh, 2. p. (J32. ; Michx. Arb. Am., 2. p. 36. Sy7iont/mes. Q. stell^ta WiUd. Sp. PI. 4. p. 451 ; Iron Oak, Box white Oak, American Turkey Oak (so called, because the acorns, which are sweet, are eaten by the wild turkeys), upland white Oak, Amer. EngraviTigs. Michx. Quer., No. 1. t. I. ; N. Amer. Syl,, I. t. 9. ; the plate of this tree in Arb. Brit., 1st. edit., vol. vii. ; and our Jig. 1573. Spec, Char., Src Leaves oblong, slightly pubescent beneath, sharply wedge- shaped at the base : lobes obtuse, the lower ones deeply sinuated. and the upper ones dilated, and slightly bilobed. Calyx hemispherical. Fruit oval, and rather small (Michjc.} A deciduous tree. Kew jersey and Philadelphia. Height 40 ft., with a trunk not more than 15 in. in diameter. In- troduced in 1819. The branches are bent into el- bows at certain distances, which renders the tree easily distinguish- able, even when the leaves have fallen. The bark is thin, and of a greyish white. The leaves are coriaceous, and of a dusky green above, and greyish beneath. In autumn, the ribs assume a rosy tint, but never that purplish red which is observable in those of the scarlet oak. The acorns (_fig. 1566. c), which are produced in abundance, are small, oval, and three parts covered with a slightly rugged greyish cup. t 12. Q. lyraVa Walt. The lyrate, or over-cup, Oak. Identification. Walt. Carol., 235. ; Pursh, 2. p. 632. ; Michx. Quer., No. 3. t. 4. Synonymes. Swamp Post Oak, Water white Oak, Amer. Engravings. Michx. Quer., No. 3. t. 4. ; and aaxfigs. 1574. and 1575. Spec. Char., S^c. Leaves subsessile, glabrous, lyrately sinuated ; much con- tracted in t"he middle, but dilated at the summit, and attenuated at the base : lobes angular ; the upper part of the leaf divided into three lobes, which are tricuspidate at their extremities. Calyx globular, rough, and almost covering the acorn. (Michx.') A large deciduous tree. Carolina and othep southern states. Height 50 ft. to 80 ft. Introd. 1786. The leaves are from 6 in. to 8 in. long, smooth, narrow, lyre-shaped, deeply sinuated, and borne on short petioles. The lobes, especially the upper ones, are somewhat truncated. The fo- i t ' > '. > *^S'*^ S6ii liage is thick, and j H , ■ -* •t/^auP "^ ^ ''S^t agreeable V * *• * ^<. ^^^aW tint ; and the bark Vi^'i-fc ~^y'*Z^W iswhite. Theacorns ^1 *■ 'Vi w"''BMr are broad, round, and depressed ; and the cups, which are nearly closed over isr*. e.ijrit». 3 K 1574. e.ljrila- 866 ARBOKETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. them, are thin and scaly, each scale being terminated by a short firm point or bristle. The largest American oak that thrives in wet ground. (.Mickx.) §,iv. Vrmus. Cliestnut Oaks. Sect. Char., ^c. Leaves dentate, dyipg off of a dirty white or of a yellowisil orange. Bark white, rough, and scaly. Fructification annual. Cup im- bricate. Nut oblong, generally large. t 13. Q. Pri^nus L. The Prinus, or Cliestnut-leaved, Oak. Identification. Lin. Sp. PI., 1413. ; N. Du Ham., 7. p. 164. ; Mlchx. Fl. Bor. Amer., 2. p. 19.'). Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves oblong-oval, more or less pointed, nearly equally toothed. Cup somewhat scaly j nut ovate. (Michx.) Trees deciduous, varying in height from 20 ft. to 90 ft. ; and one of the varieties a low shrub. In the climate of London the trees grow freely, and promise to attain a con- siderable size. In general form, they are as handsome as any of the Ame- rican oaks ; but their fohage dies off with very httle colour, what there is being generally of a dirty white or brownish. Varieties. These are by some authors treated as species; but they are so obviously alike in their leaves and bark from their infancy upwards, that there does not remain a single doubt in our minds of their being only varieties. S Q. P. 1 palustris Michx. Quer. No. S. t. 6. Q. P. palustris Michx. N. Amer. Syl. i. p. 46. t. 8. (the plate of this tree in Arh. Brit., 1st edit., vol. viii. ; and our fig. 1576.) ; Q. Prinus i. Sp. PI. 1413. ; Q. castaneaefoliis, &c., Pluk. Aim. 309. ; the Swamp Chestnut Oak ; the Chestnut white Oak : and, near Philadelphia, the white Oak. — Leaves on longish footstalks, obovate. Fruit very large. Cup moderately hollow, distinctly scaly {A. Michx.') A large deci- duous tree. Maritime parts of Carolina and other .southern states. Height 80 ft. to 90 ft. Introd. 1730, The leaves of Q. P. palustris are of a shining green above, and whitish and somewhat wrinkled un- derneath ; they have ra- ther long footstalks ; and are from 8 in. to 9 in. long, and from 4 in. to 5 in. broad; obovate, and terminating in an acute point. They are some- what wedge-shaped, and ai'e deeply dentated with blunt lobe-hke teeth from the summit to the base. The acorns are 'of a bright clear brown, oval, and larger than those of any other kind of American oak, except Q. macro- carpa : they are borne on very short peduncles, and are contained in shallow scaly cups, i Q. P. 2 monticola Michx. Quer. No. 5. t. 7. (our /g. 1577.) Q..P. monticola Michx. fil. N. Amer. Syl. i. p. 49. t. 9. ; Q. montana WHld. Sp. PI. iv. p. 440. ; Q. Prinus Smith in Abb. Ins. of Gear. ii. p. 163. t.82. ; the Rock Chestnut Oak. — Leaves on short foot- stalks, rhomboid-oval. Fruit rather large; cup top-shaped and rough ; nut oblong. (Michx.} A large deciduous tree. Pennsyl- vania to Virginia. Height SO ft. to 60 ft. Introd. 1800. The beautiful appearance of this tree, according to the younger Michaux, when 1576. Q. P. palustris. T.XX. coiiyla''ce^ : que'rcus. 867 Q. P. monticola. growing in a fertile soil, is owing equally to the sym- metry of its form and the luxuriance of its foliage. The bark on old trees is hard, thick, and deeply furrowed ; and the outer bark is equally good for tanning as the inner bark. The leaves are 5 or 6 inches long, and 3 or 4 inches broad ; oval ; and uni- formly dentate, with the teeth more regular, but less acute, than those of Q. P. palustris ; the leaf terminating in a point. When beginning to unfold in spring, the leaves are covered with a thick white down, and they appear somewhat wrinkled ; but, when fully expanded, they are perfectly glabrous, smooth, and of a delicate texture. The petiole, which is rather short, is yellow, and the colour becomes brighter and more con- spicuous in autumn. The acorns are long, of an oblong-oval shape : they are produced in pairs, on a short peduncle, and are enveloped for about one third of their length in pear-shaped cups, covered v\ith loose scales. t Q. P. 3 acuminata Michx. Quer. No. 5. t. 8. (our fg. 1578.) Q. P. acuminata Michx. ^l. N. Amer. Syl. i. p. 51. t. 10. ; Q. Castanea Willd. Sp. PL iv. p. 441. ; the yellow Oak. — Leaves on long footstalks; obtuse at the base, sharply serrated. Fruit of moderate size ; cup hemispheri- cal. (^Michx.) A fastigiate deciduous tree. Delaware to the Savannah. Height 70 ft. to 80 ft. Introduced in 1822. The bark is whitish, very slightly furrowed, and sometimes divided into plates. The leaves are lanceolate, obtuse at the base, and ending in a sharp point, regularly toothed, of a light green above, and whitish beneath. The acorns are small, roundish-ovate, and con- tained in shallow slightly scaly cups. * Q. P. 4 pumila Michx. Quer. No. 3. t. 9. f. 1. Q. P. Chinquapin Michx. N. Amer. Syl. i. p. 55. 1. 11. (our /g. 1579.) ; Q. Chinquapin Pursh Fl. Amer. Sept. ii. p. 634. ; Q. pri- noides Willd. Sp. PI. iv. p. 440. ; the Chin- quapin, or Dwarf Chestnut, Oak. — Leaves i on shortish petioles ; somewhat lanceolate ; < glaucous beneath. (Michx.) A low deciduous tree. Northern and middle states. Height 20 ft. to 30 ft. Introd. 1828. The leaves are oval-acuminate, regularly, but not deeply, dentated, of a light green above, and whitish beneath. The acorns (Jig. 1566. e) are en- closed, for about one third of their length, in scaly sessile cups they are of the middle size, 3k 2 1578. Q. P. acuminita. 1679. Q. P- riiinils- 868 ARBOKETUM ET FllUTICErUM BRITANNICUM. somewhat elongated, similarly rounded at both ends, and very sweet. Highly ornamental when in full bloom, and most prolific in acorns even when only 3 or 4 feet high. t Q. P. 3 tomentdsa Michx. Quer. No. 3. t. 9 f. 2. Q. P. discolor Mchx. N. Amer. Syl.i. p. 43. t.7. (our /g. 1380.); Q- bicolor Willd. Sp. PI. iv. p. 4.40. ; Q. Michauxi Nutt. ; the Swamp white Oak. — Leaves almost sessile, obtusely oval, bluntly toothed ; downy beneath. {Miclix.) A large deciduous tree. United States gene- rally. Height 60 ft. to 70 ft. In- troduced in 1800. The leaves are from 6 in. to 8 in. long, and 4 in. broad ; entire towards the base, which is attenuated and wedge- ijhaped ; but dilated and coarsely toothed for two thirds of their length. The tree is distinguished, when full grown, by the remarkable appearance of its leaves ; which are on the under side silky and of a silvery whiteness, while the upper side is smooth and of a bright , green. The acorns {fig. 1360. d) are long, of a clear chestnut brown, and contained in rather shallow scaly cups, edged with short slender fila- uso. «. p. wmcntjsa. ments. These cups are more downy within than those of any other oak ; and they are borne in pairs, on peduncles of from 1 in. to 2 in. in length. The bark is scaly, as in all the preceding varieties, and of a greenish white. § V. Rubrts. Red American Oaks. Sect. Char. Leaves deeply lobed, sinuated, multifid, and raucronated. Bark dark, and not scaling off'. Fructification biennial. Nut ovate, with a per- sistent style. Cup imbricate, large in proportion to the nut. — Trees, varying from 80 or 90 feet to 13 or 20 feet in height ; remarkable for the bright red, deep scarlet, or dark purple, of their foliage, when it dies off" in autumn. Perhaps most of the kinds in this section might be reduced to two or three species ; but, as they come up tolerably true from seed, we have, for the cultivator, considered it more convenient to treat them as distinct. The hardiest and most rapid-growing, and at the same time the most elegant and ornamental, tree of the section is Q. palustris, which, with its spreading drooping branches, and its straight erect trunk and spiry top, is, indepen- dently of its lively scarlet, orange, and red colours in spring and autumn, in our opinion the most graceful of all oaks, either European or American. t 14. Q. RU^BRA L. The red, or Champion, Oak. Identification. Xin. Sp. PL, 1413. ; Pursh Fl. Amer. Sept., 2. p. 630. ; Michx. Quer., No. 20. Synonyme. Q. .E'sculi divisuM, &c., Pluk. Fhyt. t. .54. 1. 4. Engravings. Pluk. Phyt., t. 54. f. 4. ; Michx. N. Amer. Syl., 2. t. 28. ; the plates of this species in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. viii. ; and oiir.^s. 1581. and 1582. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves smooth, oblong, sinuated, on long stalks : lobes acute, sharply toothed, bristle-pointed. Calyx of the fruit flat underneath. Nut ovate. / Willd.') A large deciduous tree. Canada and the whole of the North of the United States. Height 80 ft. to 90 ft. Introduced in 1739. Flowers greenish white ; May. Acorns brown, occasionally ripened in England in October. Varieties. Alton, in the Horlus Kewemis, 2d ed., mentions two forms of this species : Q. rubra latifolia, the champion oak, which is the Q, riibra of LinnEBus ; and Q. rubra montana, the mountain red oak. Lxx. CORYLA^CE^ : que'rcus. 869 1531. «.piibra. ,jjj. ,.rtibra The bark is comparatively smooth, of a dark colour, very thick ; and, though m old trees it cracks, yet it never scales off as in the sections A'lbse and Prinus. The wood is reddish and coarse-grained ; and its pores are often so large as to admit the entrance of a hair. The leaves, when they first come out in spring, are of a fine sulphur colour ; when fully expanded, they are smooth and shining on both sides, large, deeply laciniated, and sometimes slightly rounded at the base, especially on old trees ; and, before they fall, they turn of a deep purphsh red. According to the younger Michaux, the leaves on old trees often nearly resemble those of Q. falcata. The leaves of Q. falcata are, however, always downy beneath ; while those of Q. rubra are smooth. The leaves of Q. rubra die off of a more purplish red than those of most of the other kinds in this section ; but they often become yellow before they fall. They vary much in shape, from the age of the plant, or the soil and situation in which it has grown. Fig. 1581., copied from the elder Michaux's Histoire des Chenes, shows the leaves of a seedling a year old ; fig. 1582., from the same work, those of a tree bearing acorns. tE 15. Q. cocci'nea Willd. The scarlet Oak. Idmtijkation. Willd. Sp. PI., 4. 446. : Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer., 2. p. 199. ; Pursh Fl. Amer. Sept., 2. p. 630. Synortyme. Q. rilbra )3 Ait. ed. 1 . 3. p. 357. Engravings. Wang. Forst., t. 9. ; Michx. Quer., t. 31, 32. ; N. Amer. Sj'l., 1. t. 25. ; the plate of this tree in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. viii. ; and our^f. 1583. and 1584. Spec. Char., ^c. Leaves smooth, oblong, deeply and widely sinuated, on long stalks : lobes divaricated, acute, sharply toothed, bristle-pointed. Calyx of the fruit turbinate, half as long as the nut. (Willd.) A large deciduous tree. Pennsylvania to Georgia. Height 80 ft. Introduced in 1691. The leaves, which are chiefly distinguished from those of Q. rubra by having longer petioles, are of a beautiful green, shining on both sides ; and, on old trees, laciniated in a very remarkable manner, having usually four deep sinuses on each side, very broad at bottom. The leaves begin to change with the first cold ; and, after several sucessive frosts, turn to a briUiant scarlet, instead of the dull red of those of Q. riibra. These leaves differ very greatly in shape at different stages in the growth of the tree. When quite young, they are scarcely lobed at all, as may be seen by_;%. 1583., which is taken from Michaux's Histoire des Chenes, and represents a seedling a year old ; and fig. 1584., a sprig and acorn from an old tree, copied from Michaux. Amidst all the varieties, however, in the shape of the leaf of the scarlet oak, it may always be distinguished from that of Q. rubra by the different hue which it assumes in autumn ; the colour of Q. coccfnea being always a bright scarlet, or yellowish red, of more or less intensity; and that of Q. riibra a dull 3 K S SVO ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANKICUM. 1585. Q, coccinea. I5S4. Q. coL'cinea. crimson, or purplish red. The leaf also bears a greater resemblance to that of Q. palustris than anj' other species. S 16. Q. ambi'gua WilM. The ambiguous, or grey. Oak. Identification. Michx. North Amer. Syl., I. p. 98. ; Pursh Sept., 2. p. 630., not Humboldt. Synonyme. Q.. borealis Michx. N. Amcr. Sijl. 1. p. 98. Engravings. Michx. Arb., t. 24. ; N. Amer. Syl., 1. 1. 26. \ the plate of this tree in Arb. Brit, 1st edit., vol viii. ; and our jig. 1585. Spec. Char., Ifc. Leaves sinuated, glabrous, acute at the base ; sinuses some- what acute. Cup somewhat shield-shaped. Nut roundish-ovate. (^Michx.) A large deciduous tree. Nova Scotia to Lake Champlain. Height 40 ft. to 60 ft. Introduced in 1800. This species bears a close analogy to the red oak in its foliage, and to the scarlet oak in its fruit. It has also another peculiaritj' in blossomingeveryyear, though it takes two, three, and in very cold climates four, years to mature its fruit. The leaves are large, smooth, and deeply sinuated; the indentations being sharper and more angular than those of the leaves of Q. coccinea. The acorns are of the middle size, rounded at the end, and contained in scaly top-shaped cups. The grey oak is found farther north than any other Ame- rican species, and it therefore would seem ''"'''■ ''' ^"""sua. to be the best adapted for being cultivated in Britain as a useful tree. The wood is as coarse and open in its pores as that of the red oak ; but it is stronger and more durable. S 17. Q. FALCA^TA Michx. The Sickle-shaped, or Spanish, Oak. Identification. Michx. Quer., No. 16. ; Pursh Fl. Amer. Sept., 2. p. 631. Synanymes. Q. discolor Ait. Hort. Kew. gA.\. 3. p. 358. ; Q. elongkta WiUd. Sp. PI. 4. p. 444. : Q. lyrata Lodd. Cat. 1836 ; Q. cuneJlta Wang. ; Q. triloba Wtlld., Michx. Quer. 14. No. 26. ; 6. cuneSta Wang., Forst. j the downy-leaved Oak. Engravings. Michx. Quer., t. 28. ; N. Amer. Syl., 1. 1. 23. ; and our.;^5. 1586. and 1587. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves downy beneath, sinuated with three or more some- what falcate bristle-pointed lobes ; the terminal one elongated and jagged. Calyx hemispherical. ( Willd.) A large deciduous tree. Canada to Georgia. Height 30 ft. to 80 ft. Introduced in 1763. This oak is a very remarkable one, froM the great difference which exists in LXX. COEYLA CE^ : QUE'RCUS. 87] its leaves and general appearance in different climates. This difference is so extraordinary, that nearly all the botanists who have written on the American oaks have supposed it to be two species. In the Southern States, it forms a noble tree, 80 ft. high, with a trunk 4 or 5 feet in diameter ; while in New Jersey the tree is never above 30 ft. high, with a trunk only 4 or 5 inches thick. The bark is thick, black, and deeply furrowed ; and the wood is reddish and coarse-grained, with open pores, like that of the red oak. The leaves are also extremely different ; on the trees in the south, they are falcate, like those in_/%. )386., copied from the plate of this tree in the North American Sylva, i. t. 23. ; in 1586. q. falc^ta. 1587. e. falclta. New Jersey, the leaves are three-lobed (like those shown in Jig. 1387.6, from the Histoire des Chines), except a few on the summit, which are slightly falcated. Generally the lower branches of all trees of this species, growing in moist and shaded situations, have their leaves trilobed ; while those on the upper branches are falcated, with their lobes even more arched than those in Jig. 1586. This remarkable difference led the elder Michaux to describe the specimens which he had found growing in very cold bad land as a. triloba ; and on the young shoots of these specimens he frequently found leaves deeply denticulated or lobed, like those of Q. rubra or Q. coccinea, as represented at a in Jig, 1587. The acorns are small, round, brown, and contained in slightly scaly, shallow, top-shaped cups, supported on short peduncles : they resemble those of Q. Banfsten, and, like them, preserve the power of germination for a long time. It 18. Q.. TiNCTo'RiA Wittd. The Quercitron, or Dyer's, Oak. Identification. Willd. Sp. PI., 4. p. 444. ; Pursh Fl. Amer. Sept., 2. p. 629. Sijnonymes. Q.. virginitoa, &c., Plvk. Fhyt. t. 54. f. 6. ; Q, (Uscolor Witld. Arb. 27i. ; the black Oak, Amer. ; Chene des Teinturiers, Fr. Engravings. Michx. Quer., t. 24. ; the plate of this tree in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. vii, ; and our ^. 1688. Spec. Char., Si'c. Leaves downy beneath, obovate-oblong, dilated, widely sinuated : lobe short, obtuse, slightly toothed, bristle-pointed. Calyx of the fruit flat underneath. Nut globose. (Willd.) A large deciduous tree. United States generally. Height 80 ft. to 100ft. Introduced in 1800. Varieties. Michaux, in his Chenes de rAmeriqtie, gives the two following forms of this species : — £ Q. f . 1 angulosa Michx. Q. americana Pliik. Aim. p. 309. ; Q. velu- tina Lam. Did. ; Q. tinctdria Bart. Trav. p. 37. ; the Champlain Oak. — Leaves smooth, lobed with angular lobes. Cup top-shaped. Nut globose, and depressed at the summit. Shores of Lake 8k 4 872 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. Champlain, in Pennsylvania, and high mountains in Carolina and Georgia, t Q.t.2 sinuosa Michx. Quer. t. 25. — Leaves deeply sinuated. Cup flat and turbinated. Nut ovate. Native of South Carolina and Georgia. The trunk is straight, and is covered with a deeply furrowed bark of mid- dling thickness, but always black, or of a very deep brown colour ; whence probably the tree derives its common name in America, viz. the black oak. The dark hue of the bark easily distinguishes this tree from Q. riibra, Q. coc- cinea, and Q. ambigua, in the northern provinces ; but, in the southern ones, ;S* •-«■, 1588. Q. tincu>rla- Q. falcata having bark of the same colour, Q. tinctoria can only be dis- tinguished by its buds, which are longer, more acuminate, and more scaly, than those of the former species. The inner bark of Q. tinctoria, if chewed, is very bitter, and gives a yellow tinge to the saliva, which is not the case with the bark of Q. falcata. The wood is reddish, coarse-grained, and porous, like that of all the red oaks. The leaves are large, deeply laciniated, and resemble those of Q. coccinea, but they have fewer lobes, never exceeding four or five ; while the leaves of the old trees of Q. coccinea have from five to seven : they are also less openly and roundly sinuated, less shining, and of a duller green ; and, during a part of the summer, have their surfaces roughened with small glands, which are visible to the eye and sensible to the touch, and which are also found on the young shoots. In autumn, the leaves of young trees turn to a dull red ; but those on old trees become yellow, or of a yel- lowish brown, beginning with the petiole. The wood is used as a substitute for the white oak, and the bark for tanning, and for dyeing leather a brilliant yellow. t 19. Q. PALu'sTRis Willd. The Marsh, or Pin, Oak. Identification. Willd. Sp. PL, 4. p. 446, ; Michx. Quer., No. 19. ; Pursli Fl. Amer. Sept., 2. p. 031. Synonymes. Q. montkaa Lodd. Cat. ed. 1836 ; Q. Banfsterz' Lodd. Cat. ed. Engravings. Michx. Quer., t. 33, 34. ; N. Amer. Syl., 1. t. 27. ; the plate of this tree in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. viii. ; and our fig. 1589. ' Spec. Char., S^c. Leaves smooth, oblong, deeply and widely sinuated, on long stalks ; lobes dis- tant, parallel, acute, sharply toothed, bristle- pointed; forks of the veins densely woolly be- neath. Calyx of the fruit flattened. Nut nearly globose. (Willd.) A large deciduous tree. Northern' States of North America. Height 80 ft. Introduced in 1800. The tree, when young, assumes an agreeable pyramidal shape; and its far-extending drooping branches, and light and elegant foliage, render it, in our opinion, the most graceful of all oaks. The bark on the oldest trees of Q. palustris is scarcely ever cracked : on young trees it is perfectly smooth. L,XX. CORYLA^EJE : QUF/rCUS. 873 1590. Q. palOstris. The wood is coarse-grained, and resembles that of the red oak. In the cli- mate of London, the tree is remarkably hardy, and its rate of growth is much more rapid than that of every other American oak, unless we except Q. am- bigua, which is very rarely to be met with. This may be rendered obvious at a glance, by inspecting the line of oaks at Messrs. Loddiges's, where there are three trees, marked Q. palustris, Q. Banisten, and Q. montana, (aU of which are the Q. palustris of Michaux,) which are above 30 ft. high, which is several feet higher than any of the others, with the single exception of Q. ambi- gua. The same result as already mentioned (p. 862.) is observable in the Bois de Boulogne. The leaves are much smaller than those of the other species of this section : they are smooth, of a pleasing green, supported on very long petioles, and, on old trees, are very deeply laciniated. On young trees, they are much less so, as will be seen hy fig. 1589., copied from Michaux's Hutoire des Chines, in which a is a seedling of one year old, and b a leaf from a tree two years old. The acorns {Jig. 1566. i) are small, round, and contained in flat shallow cups. -* 20. Q. Catesb^V Willd. The Barren Scrub, or Catesby's, Oak. Idmtijkatim. 'Wilia. Sp. PI., 4. p. 446. ; Michx. Quer., No. 17. ; Pursh Fl. Amer. Sept., 2. p. 630. Simmv-mes Q- rilbra (3 Abb. and Smith Ins. 1. p. 27. ; Q. £'sculi divisUra, &c., Cal. Car. 1. 1. 23. Engravings. Michx. Quer., t. 29, 30. ; and our Jigs. 1591. and 1592. Spec. Char., ^c. Leaves smooth, oblong, wedge-shaped at the base, deeply and widely sinuated, on short stalks : lobes 3 or 5, divaricated, acute, 2- or 3-cleft, bristle-pointed. Calyx of the fruit turbinate, half as Ipng as the nut. '(Willd.) A deciduous shrub or low tree. CaroHna and Georgia. Height 15 ft. to 30 ft. Introduced in 1823. The general appearance of this tree is stunted : its trunk is crooked, divid- ing into branches at 2 or 3 feet from the ground, and covered with a thick, blackish, deeply furrowed bark The foliage is open, and its leaves are lar^e, smooth, thick, and coriaceous towards the close of summer, deeply and irregularly laciniated, and supported on short petioles. With the first frost they change to a dull red, and fall the ensuing month. The acorns are 874 ARBORETUM ET FKUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. 1591. Q. CatesbffiV. 1592. Q. CatesbcV. pretty large, of a blackish colour, and partly covered with a fine grey dust, which is easily rubbed off between the fingers : they are contained in thick cups, swollen towards the edge, with the upper scales bent inwards. The leaves vary very little, as will be seen by Jig. 1592., in which a represents a seedling of one year's growth, and b a leaf from a plant two years old. § vi. Nigrce. Black American Oaks. Sect. Char., qc. Leaves wedge-shaped, or imperfectly lobed ; mucronated, but the nuicros generally dropping off when the leaves have attained their full size. Leaves dying off of a blackish green, and in America frequently per- sistent. Bark black, and not scaling off. Fructification biennial. Nut ovate, with a persistent style, and sometimes marked with dark lines. — Trees from 20ft. to 40 ft. high; and one of them, a miniature tree, often not exceeding 3 ft. in height. Rate of growth less rapid than in the preceding sections. S 21. Q. ni'gra L. The Black Jack Oak. Identification. Lin. Sp. PI., 1413. ; Michx. Quer., No. 12. ; Pursh Fl. Amer. Sept., 2. p. 629. St/nonymes. Q. marylandica, &c., Raii i Q. ferruginea Jl/icAj-. N. Amer. Syl. 1. p. 79. t. 20. ; Q. aquitica Lodd. Cat. ed. 1836 ; Barrens Oak, Amer, Engravings. Michx. Quer., t. 22, 23. ; and OMxfig. 1593. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves wedge-shaped, somewhat heart-shaped at the base ; dilated, abrupt, and very slightly 3- lobed at the end ; the middle lobe shortest, smooth above, rusty be- neath. Calyx hemispherical, with membranous scales. Nut roundish ovate. (Willd.) A low deciduous tree. New Jersey, Maryland, and Virginia. Height 20 ft. to 30 ft. Introduced before 1739. The Black Jack Oak, according to Michaux, is sometimes 30 ft. high, and 8 or 10 in. in diameter, but commonly does not exceed half these dimensions. Its trunk is generally crooked ; and it is covered with a very hard, thick, and deeply furrowed bark, which is black on the outside, though the inner bark is of a dull red. The head of the tree is broad and spreading, even in the i.-o?, ^.niqa. LXX. CORYLA^CEiE : QUE'rCUS. 875 1591. , Q, nigi-a. midst of the woods. The leaves are of a very remarkable shape, being dilated towards the summit, like a pear, and armed, when young, ■with 3 or 5 bristle-like points, which fall off when the leaf has attained its full size. Fig. 1594., from Michaux's Histowe des Chenes, shows these mucros on seedlings of one year's and two years' growth. The leaves are yel- lowish, and somewhat downy at their first unfolding in spring ; but, when fully expanded, they become of a dark green above, and rusty beneath : tbey are also thick and leathery in their texture. In autumn, they turn of a blackish red, and fall with the first frost. The acorns (fig. 1366, g) are large, and half-covered with very scaly cups. The specific name of nigra was given to this oak, by Linnseus, on account of the blackness of its bark, and its general dark appearance. t 22. Q. aqua'tica Solanil. The Water Oak. Identijicatiim. Soland. in Ait. Hort. Kew., ed 1., 3. p. 3.57. ; Michx. Quer., No. 11. ; Pursh Fl. Amer. Sept., 2. p. 628. Synonyines. Q. fbliis cuneiformibus, &c., Gran. I^irg. ; Q. ft)iio non serrSto, Sic, Cat. Carol. 1. 1. 20. ; a. nigra WiUd. Sp. PI., 1413. ; Q. uligin5sa IVangh. Amer. t. 6. f. 18. Erigravirtgs. Michx. Quer., t. 19, 20, and 21. ; and our fig. 1595. Spec. Char., S[c. Leaves wedge-shaped, smooth ; tapering at the base; dilated and obscurely 3-lobed at the end ; the middle lobe largest. Calyx nearly hemispherical. Nut roundish. (WUld.) A middle-sized deciduous tree. Virginia, Carolina, and Florida. Height 40 ft. to 60 ft. Introd. before 1723. Varieties. ± Q. c. 2 nana. Q. aquatica Smith and Abb. Ins. ii. p. 117. t. S9. ; Q. a. elongata Ait. Hort. Kew. v. p. 290. ; Q. dentata Bart. Trav. p. 14. and 28. ; Q. nana Willd. Sp. PL iv. p. 443. ; the Dwarf jagged Oak. — Of much lower stature than the species ; and the leaves nearly sessile, and more distinctly lobed. t Q. a. 3 maritivia Michx. Quer. No. II. t. 20. f. 2. Q. hemisphEe'rica Willd. Sp. PI. iv. p. 443. — Leaves persistent. 1595. Q. aqu&tica. 1596. q. aquitica. Other Varieties. Therd is no American oak, not even Q. falcata, of which the foliage is so variable as of this tree. On full-grown trees, the leaves 876 ARBORETUM £T FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. are smooth, shining, and heart-shaped, or broad and rounded at the sum- mit, and terminating in a point at the base, as in Jig. 1593. ; and on young trees, or on shoots from the roots of old trees, the leaves are oval, toothed, oblong, and, in short, of all the different forms shown mjfig. 1565., taken from the Histoire des Chenes. In the Hortus Kewensis, five varieties are enumerated, only differing in the shape of the leaves ; but the elder Michaux asserts that they cannot be propagated with certainty even by grafting ; and that all the different kinds may be found on one tree. Even the two we have given under distinct names, though they are made species by some authors, are rather variations than varieties. The bark, on the oldest trees, is smooth, or very slightly furrowed. The acorns, which are of a dark brown, and are small and extremely bitter, are contained in shallow slightly scaly cups. The wood is tough ; but it decays so soon, that it is never used in America, even for fuel. 86 t 23. Q. (a.) /licifo'lia Wang. The Holly-leaved, or Sear, Oinc. Ideatification, Wang. Amer., 79. t. 6. f. 17. ; Ait. Hort. Kew., ed. 2., 5. p. l!i)2. Synonymcs. Q.. Banlsten' Michx. Quer. No. 15. ; ? Q, aquStica Abbott and Smith Ins. i, p. 157. ; Black Scrub Oak, Dwarf red Oak, Amer. Engravings. Wang. Amer., t. 6. f. 17. ; N. Amer. Syl., 1. p. 21. ; and our Jig. 1-597. Spec. Char., SfC. Leaves obovate-wedge-shaped, with .3 or 5 deep bristle-pointed lobes, entire, downy beneath. Fruit stalked, in pairs. (Willd.) A deciduous shrub or low tree. Northern States of North America. Height 3 ft. to 10 ft. Introduced in 1800. This very remarkable little tree is generally found about 3 or 4 feet high ; but, in favourable situations, it is sometimes found to reach the height of 8 or 10 feet. The trunk is covered, like the branches, with a polished bark. The leaves are of a dark green on the upper surface, whitish beneath, and regularly divided into 3 or 5 lobes. The acorns are small, blackish, and longitudinally marked with a few red- dish hues , and they are so abundant as sometimes ^^ to cover the branches. ,3^, «. (a.) .ncifjiia. § vii. VMllos. Willow Oaks. Sect. Char., S)-c. Leaves quite entire and lanceolate, dying off without much change of colour, in England ; but, in America, sometimes persistent for two or three years. Young shoots straight, spreading, and wand-like. Bark very smooth, black, and never cracked. Fructification biennial. Cu]) imbricate. Nut roundi.sh and very small. — Large trees and shrubs, the least beautiful in their foliage of the oak family. ^ t 24. Q. Phe'llos L. The Withw Oak. Identification. Lin. Sp. PI., 1412. j Pursh Fi. Amer. Sept., 2. p. G25. ; Michx Quer., No. 7. Synonymes. Q virgini4na, &c., FCulr. Aim. p. 180 ; (J. /'lex raarylindica Rati Hist. PI. MTigravings. Michx. Quer., t. 12. ; the plates of this tree in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. viii. ; and ourj5^. 1602. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves membranaceous, linear lanceolate, tapering at each end, entire, smooth, with a small point. Nut roundish. (&7zi/;A.) A deci- duous tree. Philadelphia to Georgia. Height 60 ft. to 70 ft., in some LXX. CORYLA CE^ : QUE RCUS. 877 soils and situations ; and in others a shrub of dimi- nutive growth. Introduced in 1723. Varieties. 3^ Q. P. 1 sylvaticus Michx. Hist, des Chenes, No. ■vii. t. 12. (Our fig. 1602.) — The leaves are long and narrow on old trees, and trilobed , on seedlings, as in fig. 1598. ; and persistent, or deciduous, according to soil and situa- tion, t Q. P. 2 latifolius Lodd. Cat. ed. 1836. (The plate of this tree in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. viii. ; and our fig. 1599.) — A tree, with the leaves rather broader than those of the preceding form. 1598. Q. P. sylvjiticiu. 1599. Q. P. latifulius. & Q. P. 3 hiimUis Pursh Fl. Ainer. Sept. ii. p. 625., Catesb. i. t, 22. — Leaves shorter and deciduous. A shrub of low straggling growth. j» Q. P. 4 sericeus. Q.. Phellos Smith and Abb. Ins. ii. t. 51. ; Q. P. piamilus Michx. Hist, des Chenes, t. 13. f. 1. and 2.; Q. hurailior salicis folio breviore Cat. Car. i. p. 22. ; the Highland Willow Oak ; Q. sericea Willd. Sp. PI. iv. p. 424., Pursh Fl.Amer. Sept. ii. p. 626. ; Q. pumila Michx. N, Amer. St/L i. t. 17. ; the running Oak. (Our fig. 1600.) — This curious little oak is the smallest of the genus, being only 20 in., or at most 2 ft., in height. ffi * Q. P. 5 cinereus. Q. P. y Lin. Sp. PI. 1412. ; Q. P. fi cinkeus Ait. HoH. Kew. ed. 1. iii. p. 354.; Q. hiimilis Walt. Carol. 234. ; Q,. ci- nerea Willi. Sp. PI. iv. p. 425., Michx. N. Amer. Syl. i. 1. 16. ; the Upland Willow Oak. (Our fig. 1601.) — This kind varies so much. 878 AIIBORETUM ET FKUTICETUM BKITANNICUM. 1600. Q. P. sericeus. 1601. Q. P. clnfireus. both in height and general appearance, that individual plants have frequently been taken for distinct species. It is only found in tlie maritime parts of the Southern States, where it is rare, in compa- rison with many other species, as Q. P. 6 marilimus Mich.f. Quer. No. 7. Q. maritima Willd. Sp. PI. iv. p. 424. — A low shrubby plant, from .3 ft. to 8 ft. high, according to Pursh ; a native of the sea coast of Virginia and Carolina. The leaves are shorter than those of the species, and are persistent. It is sometimes called the evergreen willow oak. The leaves of this species are 2 or 3 inches long, of a light green, smooth, narrow, entire, and very similar to those of the willow; whence the name of the willow oak, by which this species is known throughout the greater part of America. The shoots are straight, long, slender, wand-like, and not crossing one another so much as in most of the other kinds of oaks ; so that the tree is almost as much like the willow in its shoots as its leaves. The acorns (Jig. 1566./;) are small, round, bitter, and of a dark brown colour : they are contained in shallow cups, slightly coated with scales ; and, if kept in a cool place, they will preserve the power of germination for several months. Large trees of this species are not unfrequent in British gardens. t 25. Q. (P.) iAURIFo'LIA Willd. Identification. "Willd. Sp. PI., 4. p. 427. ; Ait., 2d ed., 6. p. 2S8. ; Pursll Sept., Quer., No. 10. Si/noni/mes. The Laurel Oak, Swamp 'Willow Oak. EngraviTigs. Michx. Quer., t. 17. ; and oar fig. 1604. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves obovate, entire, smooth, nearly sessile ; tapering at the base. Nut roundish, even. (Smith.') A deciduous tree. South Caro- lina and Georgia. Height 50 or 60 feet. Introduced in 1786. "Variety. t Q. (P.) I. 2 h^lrida Michx. Quer. No. 10. t. 18. Q. /. 2 obtusa^j^.. 1602. Q. PllfllCff. The Laurel-leaved Oak. 2. p. 627.; Michx. XiXX. COKYLA CE^ : QUE'rCUS, 879 1605. Q. (P.) L hyhrida. Hort. Kew. ed. 2. v. p. 288. (Our fig. 1603.) — Rather more obtuse leaves than the species. The whole of the American oaks belonging to the section Phellos are re- markable for retaining their leaves, in particular soils and situations, for two, three, and in some cases even four, years, without their changing colour ; differing in this respect, both from evergreens, which change their leaves in the spring of every year ; and from those de- ciduoLis trees which retain their leaves in a withered state during winter. 1604. Q. {P.) /aurifoUa. S 26. Q. imbrica'ria Willd. Oak. The Shingle Identification. Willd. Sp. PI. 4. p. 428 ; Pursh Sept., 2. p. 627. ; Michx. Quer., No. 10. Synonymes. Q.. latifblia Hort. \ Laurel Oak, Filed-Ciip Oak, Jack Oak, Black Jack Oak, Amer. ; Chcne % Lattes, Fr. Enffravinss. Michx, Quer., 1. 15, 16. ; N. Amer. Syl., 1. t. 15. ; and oar fig. 1605. Spec. Char., S^c. Leaves elliptic-oblong, acute at each end, entire, almost sessile ; downy beneath. Nut nearly globose. (^Smith.) A deciduous tree. Alleghanies, but rare. Height 40 or 50 feet. Introduced in 17S6. The leaves are long, lanceolate, entire, and of a shining green. The trunk is branching, and often crooked ; and the wood, though hard and heavy, has open pores like that of Q. rubra. 3" 27. Q. hbterophy'x.la Michx. The various-leaved, or Bartram'. Identification. Michx. Amer. Syl., 1. p. 75. ; Pursh Fl. Amer. Sept., 2. p. 627. Engravings. Michx. Amer. Syl., 1. 18. ; and our.^^. 1606. Spec. Char., ^c. Leaves on long footstalks, ovate-lanceolate or oblong, entire or unequally toothed. Cup hemispherical. Nut roundish. (Michx.) A deciduous tree, 30 ft. high, of which only one individual has been found. Banks of the Schuylkill, four miles from Philadelphia. Introduced ? 1820. Horticul- tural Society's Garden ; and at Verrieres, the villa of M. Vilmorin, near Paris. Q. agn/o& Willd. (described in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., p. 1894., after Pursh and others) appears to be nothing more than Q. coccifera. ,j„5_ ^ i,Ke,-)i.hjiia. 880 AKBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. B. Leaves evergreen, A. Natives of Europe. viii. Ylex. Holm., or Holly, Oaks. stein Eiche, Ger. ; Dend. Brit., t. 90. ; tlie plates of the Sect. Char. Leaves ovate or oval, sometimes lanceolate, entire or serrated j with or without prickly mucros ; downy beneath. Bark smooth and black, or rough and corky. Fructification biennial. Cups imbricate. Nut ovate, acuminate ; sometimes very long in propdrtion to the cup. — Low trees or shrubs, of great commercial interest, from including the oaks which pro- duce cork, the kermes insect, and edible acorns. i 28. Q. /'lex L. The common evergreen, or Holm, Oak. Identification. Lin. Sp. PI., 1412. ; Ait. Hort. Kew., 6. p. 289. Synonywes. Plex arbclrea Bauh. Hist. 1. p. 95. ; I'Yeuse, or Chene vert, Fr. Elice, Ital. ; Encina, Span. Engravings. Blackw. Herb., t. 186. ; N. Du Ham., t. 43, 44, tree in Arb. Brit. 1st edit., vol. vii. ; and our fig. Spec. Char., S^c. Leaves ovate-oblong, acute, coriaceous, entire or serrated ; hoary beneath. Bark even. Nut orate. (Witld.) A middle-sized ever- green tree, or large .shrub. South of Europe, North of Africa, Cochin- China and other parts of Asia. Height 15 ft. to 30 ft. rarely 60 ft. In cul- tivation in British gardens from a very remote period. Flowers greenish white ; May. Acorns brown ; ripening the second year. Varieties. These are very numerous, and frequently very distinct ; and, as in the case of every species of oak, they might be greatly increased by selecting from beds of seedling plants. t Q. I. 1 integrifolia Lodd. Cat. ed. 1836. — Leaves lanceolate, entire. ? Q. I. 2 serratifdlia Lodd. Cat. ed. 1836. (Our /g. 1607.) — Leaves lanceolate, serrated. I » Q. L 3 iagifolia Lodd. Cat. ed. 1836. Ph^Uodi-ys Matth. Valgr. i. p. 189.; /Hex No. 3. Du Ham. Arb. i. t. 224. (Om-/g. 1608.) — Leaves broader and less rigid, more or less undulated, and some- times slightly serrated. 2 1607. «. J. serratifolia. 1608. «. i./jgiBUa 1609. «. r. latifblia Q. L 4 crispa Lodd. Cat. ed. 1836.— Leaves wrinkled at the edges. Q. I. 5 latifblia Lodd. Cat. ed. 1836. Q. I. obl6nga Hort. (The plate of this variety in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. viii. ; and our figs. 1609. and 1610.) — Leaves broad, nearly entire. Q. L 6 longifolia Lodd. Cat. ed. 1836. Q. I. salicifolia Hort. — Leaves long and very narrow. Q. L 7 variegdta Hort. — Leaves variegated with white. Lxx. C'oryla'ce^ : que'rcus. 881 1610. $. /. latiiolia. In favourable situations, in the South of France, Spain, and Italy, and also in the warmest parts of England and Ireland, the Q. /iex forms a bushy evergreen tree, exceeding the middle size. The trunk is generally furnished with blanches from the ground upwards ; and, being concealed by the dense mass of foliage borne by these branches, the general character of the species, even when fully grown, is that of an immense bush, rather than that of a timber tree. When judiciously pruned, or drawn up by other trees, however, it forms a handsome well-balanced head, on a straight trunk, and with graceful pendent branches. The roots descend to a very great depth, altogether disproportionate to the height of the trunk ; for which reason this oak is never found indigenous to soil with a wet bottom. The bark is black, thin, hard, and even; sometimes slightly furrowed, but never corky. The leaves vary exceedingly in shape and size, from 5 in. in length and nearly 3 in. in breadth (as in Q. I. latifolia and Q. I. ^^gifolia), to 1 in. in length and J in. in breadth (as in Q. I. crispa), or ^ in. in breadth and 3 in. in length (as in Q. I. salicifolia). In some plants, the leaves are prickly, like those of the holly ; and, when this is the case, the most prickly are nearest the ground ; a circumstance beautifully exemphfied in a fine tree at Purser's Cross. The colour of the leaves is a dark green ; and, being convex above, and quite smooth, they have a fine shining appearance. In the climate of London, seedling plants grow with considerable rapidity ; attaining, in good loamy soil, from 15 ft. to 20 ft. in height in 10 years from the acorn. As they become larger, they grow slower ; and, after they have attained the height of 30 or 40 feet, they increase in width nearly as much as in height. The tree attains a great age, remaining in a growing state for several centuries. The sap wood is whitish ; but the heart, or perfect wood, is of a brown colour, very close-grained, heavy, and very hard. It weighs 70 lb. to the cubic foot, and takes a fine polish ; but twists and splits a great deal in drying, like most other hard and heavy woods. It is of great duration, and 3 L 1611. Q.Plex. 882 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. also of considerable flexibility. Boutcher recommends the tree for making warm and lofty hedges, 40 or 50 feet high, in a short time. A dry deep soil, calcareous or sandy rather than clayey, and a situation low rather than elevated, best suit the ilex. It is exceedingly difficult to propagate, other- wise than by the acorn ; and no tree is more difficult to transplant, " as the roots of it, when not interrupted, run as straight down into the earth as a carrot ;" and hence the best mode is to have the plants raised in small pots, one in a pot, as is generally practised in the London nurseries. « 29. Q. (I.) Ballo'^ta Desf The sweet Acorn Oak. lekntiJUation. Desf. Atl., 2. p. 3.50. ; Willd. Sp. PI., 4. p. 432. ; N. Du Ham., 7. p. 157. Synonymes. ? 2Mex m^jor Clus. Hist. 1. t. 23. ; Chene a Glands doux, Ch6ne Ballote, Fr. Derivation. The term Ballhta seems to be a modification of the Spanish v/ordbetlotat which means acorns generally. Engravings. Our Jigs. 1612. and 1613., the latter being a sprig, and the former a leaf of the natural size, both taken from a specimen of the oi-iginal tree, planted by Desfontaines in the Jardin des Plantes, at Paris. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves elliptical, coriaceous, denticulated or entire beneath. Bai'k even. Nut cylindrical, elongated. {Desf.) An evergreen tree or large bush. Bar- bary, in Algiers and Morocco. Height 20 or 30 feet, with a trunk from 3 ft. to 6 ft. in circumference. Introduced in 1696. downy Obviously a variety of Q. Zlex ; -\ from which, however, it differs in its leaves being more rounded at the ends, and also more white and cottony beneath, and of a more coriaceous 1612. «.(!.! Boiftte. texture; and in its acorn being of double the length of that of Q. /'lex, and in having a mild and 1613, «.(/.) bo«6/o. agreeable taste. t • 30. Q. (/. B.) gramu'ntia L. The Holly-leaved Grammont Oak. Identification. Lin. Sp. PI., 1413. ; N. Du Ham., 7. p. 158. Synommes. ? /*lex itJliis rotundioribus, &c., Magn. Monsp. 140. ; Chene de Grammont, Fr. ; Wel- lenbTattrige Eiche, Ger. ; Encina dulce, and Gouetta, Span. Captain S. E. Cook suggests that Q. hisp^nica would be the most suitable name for this species, which may be considered as forming the natural oak of Spain ; whereas the term gramuntia was applied to it by Linnseus, from its having been found in the remnant of a wood on the estate of Grammont, near Montpelier, where, according to DeCandoUe, the species no longer exists. Engravings. Our fig. 1614., from the tree at Purser's Cross; Jig. 1616., an acorn of the natural size, traced from one that was sent to us by Captain Cook ; and the plate of the tree at Purser's Cross, in Arb. Brit, 1st edit. Spec. Char., ^c. Leaves roundish-elliptical, nearly sessile, undulated, with deep, spinous, divaricated lf:i4. Q. (r. B.) Examantia. 1615. Q. \I, B.) t^amAntia. 1616. «. {I. B.) g. Coiiii. teeth ; densely downy beneath ; heart-shaped at the base. An evergreen tree or large bush. Grammont, near Montpelier ; and throughout Spain. Lxx. coryla'ce^: que'rcus. 883 Height 20 ft. to 40 ft. Introduced in 1730. Flowers greenish white; June. Nut brown j ripe in the autumn of the following year. Apparently nothing more than a variety of Q. Ballota. Variety. i • Q. (I. B.)g. 2 CodMi. Q. Co(kn Aib. Brit. 1st edit. p. 1926. (Our/g. 1616.) — Either identical with the species, or a slight variety of it. A straggling tree, with numerous round grey branches, downy when young. Leaves scarcely 1 in. long, rigid, broadly elliptical, often nearly orbicular ; very much undulated at the margin, their deep, broad, spinous teeth pointing every way, like those of the holly ; the upper surface dark green, rather glaucous, besprinkled with minute starry hairs; the under surface densely clothed with white entangled down. In the Nouveau Du Hamel, great doubts are expressed as to whether this species is identical with the Q. rotundifolia of Lamarck ; and whether both sorts may not be merely varieties of Q. /"lex, which we believe to be the case. • 31. Q. cocci'fera L, The Kermes, or Berry-bearing, Oak. Idenlificaiion. Lin. Sp. PI., U13. ; N. Du Ham,, 7. p. 160. Synonymes. 2'lex coccifera Cam. Epit. 774. ; /. acule&ta cocciglandifera Garid. Aix. p. 245. ; /. coccfgera Ger, Emac. p. 1342. ; Chene aux Kennes, Fr. ; Kermes Eiche, Ger. ; Querce del Kermes, Ital. Engravings. Garid. Aix., t. 53. ; N. Du Ham., 7. t 46. ; Wats. Dend. Brit., t. 91 . ; our flg. 1617 . from the N. Du Ham., axiAJlg. 1618. from Watson. Spec. Char,, S^c. Leaves elliptic-oblong, rigid ; smooth on both sides, with spreading, bristly, spinous teeth. Fruit on peduncles ; nut ovate. Calyx with spreading, pointed, somewhat recurved scales. {N. Du Ham.) A low bushy evergreen shrub. South of Europe and the Levant. Height 3 ft. to 5 ft. Introduced in 1683. Flowers greenish white ; May. Acorns rarely ripened in England. The whole plant resembles a holly in miniature ; but the leaves are of a paler green, arid they vary exceedingly in magnitude. This oak is well know n as producing the kermes, or scarlet grain, of com- merce. The fruit is but of a very small size the , first year, and does not attain maturity till the 1617. fl. cocriTera. 1618. fl coccifera. end of the second. The nuts are oval, and are enveloped for half their length in a cup fiunjished with rough scales terminating in rough points, which are almost woody, spreading, and a little recurved. Propagated from the acorns, which are received from the Continental nurserymen. 1 * 32. Q. pseu^do-cocci'fbra Desf. The false Kermes, or Berry-bearing, Oak. .349. Identifkaiion. Synonymes. EngraviTigs. N. Du Ham., 7. p. 160. ytechemde Eictie, Ger. N. Du Ham., t. 48. f.'I. ; and our^j-. 1619. Desf. AtL, 2. p. Cliene 4 faux Kermes, Fr. Spec. Char., Src. Leaves elliptic-oblong, rigid, smooth on both sides, with spiny serratures. Nut ovate. Calyx with flat slightly spreading scales. (Desf.) " Observed by Desfontaines at Algiers 1019. 834 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. and about Mount Atlas,'' where it forms a tree from 15 ft. to 20 ft. high, with round branches, clothed with rusty down when young. The leaves are twice or thrice as long as those of Q. coccifera, thicker, and less wavy, with much smaller and shorter spinous serratures, rathei- than teeth. Introduced ? 1820. Horticultural Society's Garden in IBS*. 1 33. Q. Sv^EK L. The Cork Tree. Identification. Lin. Sp. PI., 1413. ; N. Du Ham., 7. p. 189. Synonymes, SClber Cam. JEpit. 115. ; S. Prlnus Matitt. Vatgr. 1. p. 127. ; S. latlRtUam, &c., Vu Ham. Arb. 2. p. 291. ; Chene Liege, Fr. ; Kork Eiche, Ger. ; Sovero, ItaLi Alcomoque, Span. Engravings. Hant. Evel. Syl., t. in p. 362. ; N. Du Ham., 7. t. 46. ; Dend. Brit., t. 89. ; the plate of this tree in Arb. Brit, 1st edit., vol. viii. ; and our Jig. 1623. Spec. Char., S^c. Leaves ovate-oblong, bluntish, coriaceous, entire or sharply serrated ; downy beneath. Bark cracked, fungous. (Willd.) An evergreen tree. South of Europe and North of Africa. Height 20 or 30 feet. In- troduced in 1699. Flowers greenish white; May. Acorns brown; occa- sionally ripened in the climate of London. Varieties. These, we have no doubt, are as numerous as the varieties of Q. /"lex, in countries where the tree is indigenous. None are in cultivation in Bi'itish gardens under any particular name : but, the cork trees having been all raised from seed, their leaves will be found to vary in magnitude, in different places, in length relatively to breadth, and in the character of their margins, which are wavy, serrate, or dentate. 5 Q. S, 2 latifolium. iSuber latifolium, &c.. Bank. Pin. 424., Bu Ham. Arb. 2. p. 291. t. 80. (The plate of this tree in Arb. Brit., 1st, edit., vol. viii. ; and our Jig. 1620.) — Leaves rather broader than in the species, and either serrated or entire. T Q. S. 3 angustifolium. iSiiber angustifolium Bauh. Pin. i-^i:., Du Ham. Arb. 2. p. 291. t. 81. — The figure in>6'-i»-9-s:iatifi,iram. Dend. Brit. t. 89. (our jig. 1621.) may be considered as this variety. ? Q. S. 4 dentdtum. Q. Pseiido-Suber Hort. — Leaves large, and va- riously dentate, as in Jig. 1622. 1621. Q. 5. aogustifulium. Ifi22. Q. s. dent&tnm. The cork tree bears a general resemblance to the broad-leaved kinds of Q. r\ex; of which species some authors consider it only a variety : but, when full grown, it forms a much handsomer tree ; and its bark alone seems to jus- tify Its being made a species. The outer bark, the great thickness and elasti- city of which are owing to an extraordinary developement of the cellular tissue, forms the cork ; which, after the tree is full grown, cracks and separates from It of Its own accord. The inner bark remains attached to the tree, and, when removed in its young state, is only fit for tanning. The wood of the cork tree, which weighs 84 lb. per cubic foot, is used for the same purposes as that of Q. /'lex ; but it is never found of sufficient size to be of much LXX. CORYLA CE5; : que'rcus. 885 consequence. By far the most important product which this tree yields, is its outer bark, which forms the cork of commerce. The , bark is separated by first making a circular cut round the trunk, immediately under the main branches, and another at a few inches above the surface of the ground. The portion of bark intervening between the two cuts is then split down in three or four places ; le-a. q. sinier. care being taken, both in making the circular cuts, and also the longitudinal ones, not to penetrate the inner bark. This operation is commonly performed in July, or in the beginning of August, when the second sap flows plentifully. The tree is now left for 8 or 10 years, when it is again disbarked as before. In British gardens Q. 5uber is propagated by imported acorns, or by inarching on Q. /^lex. S t 34. Q. Pseu'do-Su'ber Besf. The False-Cork Oak. Identification. Desf. Atl., 2. p. 348. ; N. Du Ham., 7. p. 174. SyTionyiTies, Chene faux Lidge, Chene de Gibraltar, Fr. ; Uniichte Kork-Eiche, Ger. Bosc states that he possesses a leaf of Q.. Turner?, which was brought to him from Kew by L,'Heritier, and that it is identical with Q. Pseildo-Silber ; but the leaves of Q. . Turaeri are not in the slightest degree hoary or glaucous beneath, nor has it a corky bark. See No. 3.5. Efigravings. Sant.Viagg., t. 4.; Spreng, Antiq. Bot j t. 1. ; N. Du Ham., 7. t 48. f. 2. ; and om fig. 162a. Spec, Char., Sj-c. Leaves ovate-oblong or lanceolate ; sinuated, dentated, or serrated ; hoary beneath. Bark fungous, cracked.' Nut ovate. Calyx muri- cated, with lax, recurved, linear scales. (Desf.) A sub-evergreen tree. Mountains of Tuscany, Spain, and Barbary, Mount Atlas, and near Tangier. Height 50 or 60 ft. Introduced in 1824. Varieti/. t Q. P. 2 Fontanesu. Q. FontanesM Guss., Arb. Brit. 1st edit. p. 1925. (Our /g. 1624.) — Either identical with this species, or a very slight variety of it. The bark is corky, though less so than that of Q. iSiiber. Young branches downy or hoary ; sometimes smooth, striated. Des- fontaines describes the bark as fungous, as very thick, and as being, without doubt, capable of replacing the cork of Em-ope. The leaves are oval-oblong, dentated or serrated ; smooth above, and pubescent beneath, remaining green a part of the winter ; so that the tree may be considered as forming the connecting link be- tween the evergreen oaks and the deciduous ones. Q. iSiiber angustifolium and Q. SiiheT dentatum (p. 884.) 1C25. «. PsaUdo subcr. "lay possibly be forms of this species. t 35. Q. Tu'rner/ Willd. Turner's Oak. Identification. Willd. Enum., 976. : Baumz., p. 339. Symmymes. Q, hjbrida HoH. ; Chfene de Turner, Fr. ; Tur- nersche Eiche, Ger. „ ^^„ , Engravings. Willd. Baumz., t. 3. f. 2. ; and omfig. 1626. from a living specimen. Spec. Char., ^c. Leaves oblong, mucronate, dentate ; glabrous on both sides ; somewhat vCedge-shaped at the base. Branchlets hairy. (Willd.) A sub-evergreen, or nearly ever- green tree, apparently a hybrid between Q. pedunculata and Q. /'lex, having been fouiid in a bed of seedlings of the former species, in 1795 or before, in Turner's Nursery, at Hol- loway Down, Essex. Height 40 ft. to 50 ft. 3l 3 1624 Q F.FontanesiJ. 1626. Q.Tarneri. 886 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. Flowers and acorns have been produced in the Mile End Nursery. The leaves vary considerably in size, but not much in form, or in the cha- racter of their margins. Readily propagated by grafting on the common oak, from which, in summer, it can scarcely be distinguished at a distance, as its branches andleaves are so similar ; but, in winter, its thick, glossy, and strictly evergreen foliage has a fine effect. On the whole, it is an exceedingly distinct and very handsome tree, by no means liable to vary in the form of its foliage, like what may be called the natural species of European and American oaks. It is rather more tender than Q. Cerris Lucombeawa, but, nevertheless, it retains its foliage nearly as long as that species. t 1 36. Q. hy'brida na^a. The dwarf hybrid Oak. Si/nonvTnes. Q, hjbrida Lodd. Cat. 1836 ; Q. *' a hybrid between Q. pedunculSta and Q. 7'Iex, in the Horticultural Society's. Garden ; " Q. hilmilis Hori. ; Q. n&iia Hort, Engravings. Oarjlgs. 1627. and 1628. Spec. Char., ^c. Leaves ovate or oblong, obtusely dentate, smooth, and of the same colour on both sides. Footstalks short. A sub-evergreen bush. Found, about 1825, in a bed of seedling oaks in the Bristol Nursery, where the original plant, in May, 1837, was between 8 ft. and 9 ft. high, with a trunk 8 in. in circumference at 1 ft. from the ground. Flowers ?. In summer, the leaves, at a distance, bear a considerable resemblance to those of the common oak; but, on a nearer inspection, they appear as in Jig. 1627. or in_;fg. 1628. : the first from the specimen tree in the Hackney arbo- retum, and the second from the arboretum at Milford. Towards the autumn, those shoots which have con- tinued growing exhibit leaves on their extremities so exactly like those of Q. TurneW, that it is altogether impossible to "'^'- Isas. «. hjbrida d4m. make any distinction between them. Propagated by grafting on the common oak. i^ig. 1629. exhibits leaves («, b) taken from the extremities of the snoots, in ditterent parts of the same plant. B. Natives of North America. § ix. Virentes. Live Oaks. Sect. Char. Leaves oblong-lanceolate ; dentate, and variously cut when youn^; but, on full-grown trees, quite entire. Bark smooth, black. FructificatiSn biennial. Cup unbricate. Nut long. Low trees or shrubs ; rather tender in Jintain, and not attaining a tunber-like size north of London. 1 37. Q. vi'rens Ait. The green, or Live, Oak. Identification. Ait. Hort. Kew., ed. I., 3. p. 3ii6. ; Purah Sent n fi2fi • Mii.\,, o,.«r w„ c ''ZlTat:d ^- ^""°^''^-- «^- «•"%.; e\se™?erv??e'm"iS.'..'^'t"e*LTplS^^^^ Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves coriaceous, elliptic-oblong, revolute, entire, point- less ; obtuse at the base ; clothed with starry down beneath. Fruit stalked. JNut oblong. {Wm.) An evergreen tree. North America, in the maritime LXX. CORYLA^CE^ : QUE'rCUS. 887 1630. Q. viien£. parts of the Southern States. Height 30 ft. to 40 ft. Introduced in 1739. Flowers and fruit rarely produced in England. The leaves are oval, coriaceous, of a dark green above, and whitish beneath : they persist during several years, but are partially renewed every spring. On old trees, growing wild in the forests, they are always entire, as shown in Jig. 1631. ; but, on seedlings of 2 or 3 years old, they are very distinctly toothed, as in ^g. 1632. On trees growing in cool soils, or reared in plantations, they 1631. Q. virens. 1632. Q. Tlrens. are one half larger than those on the trees usually found in a wild state, and are often denticulated even on old trees. The acorns are of an elongated oval form, nearly black, and are contained in greyish pedunculated cups. In Bri- tish gardens, this tree is seldom found higher than a large shrub, it requiring rather a warmer climate to attain a timber-like size. ? i 38. Q. JKyrtifo'lia fVilld. No. 4., N. DuHam.l. p. 131. Leaves coriaceous, oblong, entire, smooth, acute at each end. Carolina. See /g. 2103. in p. 1110. It is described in our first edition, p. 1920. 3l 4 888 AHBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. c. Natives of Nepal, § X. LanatcE. Woolly or downy-leaved Oaks. Sect. Char. Leaves oval-oblong or lanceolate, serrated or dentated, but not sinuated or lobed ; woolly beneath. Trees evergreen, natives of Nepal ; and only half-hardy in the climate of London. They may be propagated by cuttings, which root without much difficulty; and the plants require the protection of a wall. i- 39. Q. I.ANA^TA Smith. The wo6\\.y-leaved Nepal Oak. Identification. Smith in Rees's Cycl., No. 27. Syncmymes. Q. lanuginbsa X», Don Prod. Fl. Nep. p. 57. ; Q. Bdnja Ham. MSS. ; ? (3. oblongata I}. Xion. 1. c. ; ? Q.. incana Hoyle lllust. p. 341. Engraving. Ourfig. 1633. from the tree at Kew. Spec. Char., ^c. Leaves elliptic-oblong, sharply serrated, coriaceous ; densely woolly beneath. Fruit in axillary solitary spikes. Calyx scaly, without prickles. (Smith.) A large evergreen tree. Upper Nepal, on mountains. Height 60 ft. to 80 ft. ; in England a half-hardy shrub. Introd. in 1818. Flowers greenish white ; May. Acorns occasionally produced. In its native country this is a tree of va^t dimensions, with a scaly bark, and rigid, brown, warty branches, clothed, when young, with dense white down ; but in England it has not yet been seen above 10 ft. high, and it requires to attain this height the protection of a wall. In the Hackney arboretum, and in that at Flitwick, plants of this spe- cies have stood out, without any pro- tection, in the open garden for several years, but they are annually killed down within a short distance of the ground ; nursery, plants in pots have borne acorns. 1633. Q. lan^ta. nevertheless, in Messrs. Loddiges's i • 40. Q. annula'ta Smith. The ring-cupped f)ak. Smith in Rees's Cycl., No. 22. Q.Fhulliln Ham. MSS., D Don Prod. Identification. Synonymes. Fl. Nep. p. 57. 1 ? fl. Kamro6prt D. Don, 1. c. ; Q. glafica Locld. Cat. ed. 1836 ; ? Q glalSca Thunb. ; ? fl. acuminata Hort. Engraving. Our fi^. 1634. from a living specimen. Spec. Char., ^c. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, pointed ; dentately serrated, except to- wards the base ; somewhat glaucous and downy beneath. Fruit spiked. Nut oblong. Calyx furrowed concentrically. (Smith.) A large evergreen tree. Nepal, in various places. Height 50ft. to 60 ft.; in England a half-hardy shrub. Intro- duced in 1822. Leaves evergreen, rigid, somewhat silky beneath, the young ones very silky. Stipules linear, hairy, longer than the footstalks, deciduous. Male flowers in pendulous, haiiy, yellowish, shortish spikes, springing from the buds below the leaves. There are specimens of this tree in the Botanic Gar- den at Kew, which are found to be deci- dedly liardier than the plants of Q. lanata in the same garden. 1634. 4- unQUl LXX. CORYLA^CE^: QUE'rCUS. 889 1635. Q./aginea. App. 1. European Kinds of Oaks not yet inb-oduced. Q. ioffnea Lam. Q. quin. t. 77., and our^i. 1670. and 3m 2 900 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. and 1671,, Michx. N. Amer. Syl. 1. p. 111. — Leaves oval- oblong, somewhat fiddle-shaped ; acute at the point, un- equally cordate at the base, viaxy and slightly sinuate on the margin, downy beneatli. Fruit racemose. (Humb. et Soivp.') Found in the same habitat as the preceding. A tree, from 18 ft. to 24. ft. high. Q. repanda Humb. et Bonp. PI. jEquin. t. 79., and our fig. 1672., Michx. N. Amer. Syl. 1. p. 108.— Leaves oblong- oval, on short footstalks ; downy beneath, glabrous above ; slightly repand, recurved at the margin. Fruit racemose. (Humb. et Bonp.) A shrub, 2 ft. high, branched from the very base, procumbent or erect. A native of New Spain, in moist shady places, between Real del Monte and Moran, at an elevation of above 7700 ft. (1291 toises). 1671. Q. pandurkta 1672. q. repanda. 1673. Q. lattrina. Q. laurina Humb. et Bonp. PI. iEquin. t. 80., and our Jig. 1673., Michx. N. Amer. Syl. 1. p. 108. — Leaves oval-lanceolate, sharply acuminated, quite glabrous : some are a little 3-pointed at the tip. Fruit axillary, almost sessile. {Humb. et Bonp.) A tall tree, with the habit of iaurus ndbilis. 1674. Q. siderdxyla. 1676. Q. mexiciuia. Q. sideroxyla Humb. et Bonp. PI. ^quin. t. 85., and our fig. 1674.— Introduced in 1839. Horticultural Society's Garden. LXX. CORYLA CE^ : QUE'rCUS. 901 Q. mericdna Humb. et Bonp. PI. JEquin. t. 82., and OMT Jig. 1675. — In- troduced in 1839. Horticultural Society's Garden. Q. crdssipes Humb. et Bonp. PI. jEquin. t. 83., and our fg. 1676.— Introduced in 1839. Horticultural Society's Garden. 1^77 Q- crassipes angiittifiilia. Q. crdssipet a?igustifdlia Humb. et Bonp. PI. jEquin. t. 84., and our j%. 1677., differs fronj Q. crassipes in the leaves being narrowed, and more diminished towards the point. Found, along with Q. crassipes, near Ario. Q. lanceoldta Humb. et Bonp. PI. ^quin. t. 81., and our Jig. 1678., Michx. N. Amer. SyL 1. p. 107. — Leaves lanceolate, quite entire, wavy ; the axils of the veins bearded beneath ; 1678. e. lanceoldta. 3 II 3 1679. Q. reticulata. 902 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. shining above. Fruit sessile. Scales of the cup turned backwards. (Humb. et Bonp.) A tree, from 30 ft. to 40 ft. high. Q. reticiilala Humb. et Bonp. PI. jEquin. t. 86., and our fig. 1679. — Introduced in 1839. Horticultural Society's Garden. Q. chrysofhylla Humb. et Bonp. PL iEquin. t. 87., and our fig. 1680., Michx. N. Amer. Syl. 1. p. 108. — Leaves oblong; obtuse at the base, 3 — 5- pointed at the apex ; yellow beneath. Female flowers in many-flowered pedunculated clusters. {Humb. et Bonp.) A tall tree ; younger branches furrowed, as if with a powdery down. 1680. Q. chrj-sophjlla. 1681. Q. pulch^Uii. Q. pulchella Humb. et Bonp. PI. .Squin. t. 88.. and our fig. 1681., Michx. N. Amer. Syl. I. p. 110. — Leaves oblong, obtuse ; emarginate at the base ; covered with white down beneath ; teeth short, mucronate. Fmit sessile, almost solitary {Humb. et Bonp.') Q. spicata Humb. et Bonp. PI. iEquin. t. 89., and our fig. 1683. — Introduced in 1839. H. S. Gard. 168."!. Q. splcAea. IfiSa Q. stipularis. ii Stipularis Humb. et Bonp. PI. .Equin. t. 9.O., and our fig. 1682., Micnx. JN. Amer. feyl. 1. p. 109. — Leaves obovate, sharply toothed towards the LXX. CORYLA CE^ : QUE'RCUS. 90;} point ; teeth terminated by mucros ; covered on the under surface with woolly tomentum. Stipules persistent. Fruit sessile, almost solitary. (Humb. et Bonp.) A tree, about 50 ft. high. A native of the mountains of Mexico, near Actopan ; forming entire forests, at an elevation of 7000 ft. (1330 toises). Q. cras&ifdlia Hnmh. et Bonp. PI. jEquin. t. 91., and our fig. 1685., Michx. N. Amer. Syl. 1. p. 110. — Leaves wedge-shaped, obovate; emarginate at the base, remotely toothed, repand ; downy beneath. Peduncles short, bearing 1 — 3 acorns. (Humb. et Bonp.) A tree, from 40 ft. to 50 ft. high. A native of New Spain, near Chilpancingo. 16S4. Q. depr£ssa 1685. Q. crassifblia Q. depressa Humb. et Bonp. PI. JEquin. t. 92., and our_;?g. 1684., Michx. N. Amer. Syl. 1. p. 108. — Leaves oblong-oval, acute, entire, rarely mucro- nate ; dentate, evergreen, quite glabrous. Fruit nearly sessile, and solitary. (Humb. et Bonp) An evergreen shrub, from 1 ft. to 2 ft. high. Q. anibigua Humb. et Bonp. PI. Mqam. t. 93., and our_;?g. 1686., Michx. N. Amer. Syl. 1. p. 111. — Leaves oblong-obovate, wavy ; obtuse at the base ; reticulately veined beneath, somewhat hairy. Female spike pedunculated. (Humb. et Bonp.) A tree, 40 ft. high. i£2S. Q, ambffpu. 3 Ji 4 904 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BKITANNICUM. Q. confertifdlia Humb. et Bonp. PI. ^quin. t. 94., and o\xc figs. 1686. an J 1687., Michx. N. Amer. Sjl. 1. p. 106. — Leaves evergreen, linear-lanceolate, mucronated, recurved at the margin, quite entire ; downy beneath. Fruit sessile. (Humb. et Bonp.) An evergreen shrub, from lo ft. to 20 ft. high. A native of the temperate and mountainous regions of New Spain, between the town of Guanajuata and Santa Rosa. Introduced in 1837. Q. tridem Humb. et Bonp. PL ^quin. t. 96., and our fig. 1689., Michx. N. Amer. Syl. 1. p. 107. — Leaves oblong, retuse at the base, generally broader towards tbe apex, 3-dentate ; teeth terminated by bristly points ; downy beneath. Spikes of female flow- ers almost sessile. (Humb. et Bonp.) A shrub, about 10 ft. high, with round smooth branches. A native of New Spain, and com- mon in the vicinity of Moran. TfiSD. Q. tridens. 1690. Q. ncntif&Iia. Q. acutijolia Willd., Humb. et Bonp. Fl. jEquin. -Introduced in 1839. Horticultural Society's Ga and OMT fig. 1690 Willd., Q. cir- t. 95., Society's Garden. Q. elliptica Willd., Q. mucronata Willd., Q. tomentosa cinata Wil/d., Q. splendens Willd., Q. rugosa Willd. (fig. 1691.), Q. maci-oph;/lla Willd., Q. diversifolia Willd., Q. candicans Willd., Q. microphylla Willd., Q. lobata Willd., Q. mag- •noMcefolia Willd. Q. lutea WUld., and Q. ialicifolia Willd., are described in our first edition. Q. lancijolia Cham, et Schlect. Linnaea v. P- 78. — Leaves smooth, narrow, oblong-lan- ceolate, serrate, dentate, subcoriaceous, fea- ther-nerved. Fruit sessile. Capsule sub- hemispherical. Nut conoid. Leaves Sin. to 6 in. long. Fonnd near MoUino de la Pedreguera. Introduced in 1839. H. S. Q. peiiolm-is Benth. Plant. Hartweg. No. 420. — Leaves oblong, acute, entu-e; woolly beneath. Fruit sub-sessile, sub-solitary. Leaves between 2 m. and 3 m. long. A tree, 40 ft. high. Found on hills near Huasca. In- troduced m 1839. Horticultural Society's Garden. Q. dysophyWa Bentk. Plant. Hartweg. No. 421., Q. ^7amo Ibid. No. 423., Q. barbmervis Ibid. No. 427., Q. glabrescens Ibid. No. 428., Q. Hartwegi Ibid. No. 432., and some others, have been discovered by Hartweg, who has sent home specimens of all, and acorns of some, to the Horticultural Society. tC91. Q. rugosa. LXX. CORYLA^CEffi: Fa'gus. 905 Genus II. f\\E. FA^GUS X. The Beech. Lin. Syst. Monoe'cia Polyandria. Identification. Lin. Gen., No. 1072. ; Willd. Sp. PI., 1C94. ; N. Du Ham., 2. p. 79. Synonymes. According to Bauhin, tiie Fagus of the Romans, and ttie Oxua of the Greeits -, CastSnea rouz-n. 352. i Hetre, Fr.; Buche. Ger.; Beuke, Dutch; Bog, Dan.; Bok, Suied. ;'Ba\, Russ. and Pol. ; Faggio, -Itat. ; Haya, Span. ; Faya, Port. Derivation. From phagd, to eat ; because the nuts were used as foo'd in the early ages. Gen. Char., S^c. Male flowers in stalked drooping heads or capitate catkins, .3 or 4 in each, attended by minute deciduous bracteas. Each flower consists of a 5 — 6-cleft bell-shaped calyx, and 8 — 12 stamens, that arise from the bottom of the calyx, and extend beyond its mouth. — Female flowers borne 2 — 6 together, within a pitcher-shaped indistinctly 4-lobed involucre, constituted of numerous unequal bracteal scales, and interior scales, grown together. Each flower consists of a calyx, lengthened into a laciniate limb, and investing the ovai-y. Fruit m\ts. {G.Don.) Leaves simple, alternate, stipulate, deciduous, rarel)' evergreen ; entire or serrated, feather-veined, plaited in the bud. Flowers whitish yellow. Fruit covered with a hairy calyx. — Trees large, deciduous, handsome, and some evergreen shrubs ; natives of the colder parts of Europe, Noi th and South Amei'ica, and Australia. A. Cupule muricate, capsuliform. Ovaries included. Young leaves plicate. Natives of Europe, and of North and South America. a. Species in Cultivation in British Gardens. S 1. F. sylva'tioa L. The Wood, or common. Beech. Identificajion. Lin. Sp. Pl„ 1416. ; Eng. Fl., 4. p. 152. ; Hook. Br. Fl., ed. 3. p. 411. Synonymes. Castanea Fagus Scop. Cam. No. 1188. ; Fagus Bauh. Pin. 419. F. sylv^stris Michx. N. Amer. 3. t. 107. Oxya, (ireelc i Fagus, Lat. ; Hetre commun, Fr. ; gemeine Buche, Ger. ; Rood- beuke, Dutcli. Engravings. Eng. Bot.. t. 1846. ; N. Du Ham., t. 24. ; the plate of this tree in Arb. Brit. 1st edit. vol. viii. and ourj^. 1696. Spec. Char., Src. Leaves ovate, glabrous, obsoletely dentate ; ciliate on their margins. (Willd.) A large deciduous tree. Various parts of Europe ; and one variety in North America. Height 60 ft. to 100 ft. Flowers brownish ; iMay. Nut brown ; ripe in October. Varieties. t F. «. 2 purpurea Ait. Hort. Kew. v. p. 297. F. s. 2 atro-riibens l)u Roi ; Hetre noir, Fr. ; the purple Beech. — The buds and young shoots are of a rose colour : the leaves, when half-developed, of a cherry red ; and, when fully matured, at midsummer, of so dark a purple as to appear almost black. The bark, not only of the young shoots, but even of the old wood and of the trunk of the tree, partakes strongly of the same dark colour as the leaves. t F. s. 3 cupren Lodd. Cat. ed. 1836. The copper-coloured Beech. — A sub-variety of F. s. purpurea. Young shoots and leaves of a paler colour than those of the purple beech. It makes a splendid ap- pearance in the sunshine, and when the leaves are gently ruffled with the wind ; but, in a state of repose, and on a dark cloudy day, it can hardly be distinguished from the common green-leaved beech. t F. s. 4 film variegitis Lodd. Cat. ed. 1836. — The leaves variegated with white and yellow, interspersed with some streaks of red and purple. This variety is handsome in spring, when the leaves first make their appearance ; but, in the course of the summer, their variegation is in a great measure lost, and the leaves assume a dirt 906 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. unhealthy aspect. There are also varieties with the leaves striped or blotched with white only, and others with only golden-striped leaves. 5" F. «. 3 heterophylla. F. s. laciniata Lodd. Cat. ed. 1836 ; F. s. as- plenifolia Lodd. Cat. ed. 1836 ; F. s. incisa Hort. ; /•'. ». salicifolia Hort. ; Hetre a FeuiUes de Saule, Fr. ; the various, or cut, leaved 1692 F. s. lieteroi»hyil.-i. 1633. F. s. heterophils. Beech. — The leaves variously cut, as in _/%. 1692.; sometimes in narrow shreds, so as to resemble a fern, as in_/?g. 1693. ; and, at other times, in shreds of greater breadth, like the leaves of a willow. This variety, which may be designated as more curious than beauti- ful, is very apt to return to the norniiil form. It F. s. 6 cristata Lodd. Cat. ed. 1836. F. s. cris|)a Hort. ; Hetre Crete de Coq, Fr. ; the crested, or curled-leaved Beech. (The plate of this tree in Arb. Brit., lat edit., vol. viii.; and our_;?g. 1694.) — This variety is a mon- strosity, with the leaves small, and almost sessile, and crowded into small dense tufts, which occur at intervals along the branches. The tree never attains a large size, as may be ex- pected from its deficiency in foliage. S F. s. 7 pendula Lodd. Cat. ed. 1836. Hetre Parasol, Fr. ; the weeping Beech. — When this variety is grafted stan- dard high, it forms a very singular and highly beautiful object, well deserving a place in collections of weeping trees. There is a splendid natural specimen in one of the plantations bordering IMilton Park, in Northampton- shire, of which a plate is given in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. viii. 1694. F. B. cristilta. LXX. CORYLA'cEiE : J^A^GUS. 907 t F. i. 8 americdna. F. sylvestris Michx. N, Amer. Syl. t. 107. ; white Beech, Amer. (Our Jig. 1695.) — Generally considered by botanists as identical with the common European beech. In North America, it forms one of the tallest and most majestic trees of the forest, abounding in the middle, western, and southern states, in deep moist soil, and in a cool atmosphere. The trunks of the trees are frequently 8 ft., 9 ft., and lift, in circumference, and more than 100 ft. high. The tree is lejs branchy than F. ferruginea, or red beech of America ; and the perfect wood bears but a small proportion to the sap, frequently occupying ic95. i'. s. ammMna. only 3 in. in a trunk 1 fl. 6 in. in diameter. The European beech is a handsome umbrageous tree, combining magni- ficence with beauty ; and being, as Mathews observes, at once the Hercules and Adonis of our sylva. The roots do not descend deeply into the soil, but extend to a considerable distance close under the surface. The rootlets and fibres are not nearly so numerous as in the ash and the elm. The plants, under nursery culture, do not grow so rapidly as those of the ash and the elm; but, under favourable circumstances, they will attain the height of 10 ft. in 5 years, and 20 or 25 feet in 10 years. In general, the tree attains its full growth, in England, in 60 or 80 years, when it is fit to be cut down for timber purposes ; and, on good soils, it is more than doubtful whether it will live much more than 100 or 150 years. The wood, which, when green, is harder than that of any of our British timber trees, weighs, when in this state, 65 lb. 13 oz. per cubic foot ; half-dry, it weighs 56 lb. 6 oz. ; and quite dry, 50 lb. 3 oz. The wood, when the tree has grown in good soil, and on plains, has a somewhat reddish tinge; but in poor soils, and on mountains, it is whitish. The durability of the wood is said to be increased by steeping it in water ; and, according to some, by disbarking the tree while standing. In England, at the present time, the beech is principally employed in making bedsteads and chairs ; and it is also in great demand for panels for carriages, and for various purposes in joinery, cabinet-making, and turnery. Screws, wooden shovels, peels for bakers' ovens, and rims for sieves, are also made of it, and in France sabots. As fuel, the wood of the beech is superior to that of jnost other trees, and the green wood is generally preferred to that which is dry, be- cause it burns slower, though it does not give out so much heat ; and hence, in many places in France, the tree is frequently cut down in the summer season. The beech, burnt green, produces heat and light relatively to the beech burnt dry, as 1 181 is to 1540. For useful plantations, the beech is not highly prized ; the tree not being of much value when young, nor forming a permanent coppice wood, and the bark being of little value. Beech of small size, or of short and crooked stem, is the least valuable of all timber. On dry chalky soils, it may be planted as a timber tree ; but here, as in many otlier cases where a straight clean trunk is wanted, the plants require to be drawn up, either by other trees of their own species, or by trees of a different species, which advance at nearly the same rate of growth ; such, for example, as the sweet chestnut. The beech succeeds best in plantations by itself; and, perhaps, there is no membranaceous-leaved tree which, in a wild state in forests, is found so little intermixed with other species. It is one of the worst of all trees for hedgerows, not only injuring the fence and the adjoining crops by the density of its shade, but its trunk, when grown in this situation, being neither long, clean, nor straight, is of little value except for fuel. As undergrowth, the beech is not of long duration, seldom pushing from the stools after 40 or 50 years. For hedgerows for shelter, and especially for those lofty narrow hedges which were formerly much in use for enclosing atid 908 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. 1696. F. s;lTitica sheltering gardens, orchards, and small fields for affording early grass, the beech has no equal among deciduous trees ; for, as Boutcher observes, by retaining its, withered leaves all the winter, it affords the same protection as an evergreen. The beech will grow on dry soils, including sand, gravel, and chalk, more freely than most other trees ; though it is found in the greatest perfection in sandy calcareous loam, or in fresh sandy loam on clay or rock. The most magnificent beeches in France are in Normandy, on the private estate of the king, Louis Philippe, where the soil is a loam on chalk rock. The species is always raised from the seeds or nuts, which are commonly called mast. These begin to drop from the husks in the months of October and November ; and this process may be accelerated by shaking the tree. The nuts may then be gathered up, and dried in the sun, or in an airy shed or loft ; after which, they may be mixed with sand that is per- fectly dry, at the rate of three bushels of sand to one of mast. By some, the mast is spread in a thin stratum on a loft floor, without any sand ; where it remains till the following spring, being occasionally turned over, and being covered with straw to exclude the frost. The mast, from which an oil is made in France, retains its vital properties for one year only ; and, therefore, it must be sown, at the latest, during the following spring. The common time is from the beginning of March till the beginning of April. Autumn might be adopted for sowing, were it not that the nuts are greedily sought after, through the winter, by mice and other vermin. The soil in which the nuts are sown ought always to be light, and more or less rich, as the plants are rather tender when yoimg. They may either be sown in beds or in drills, with the usual covering of soil, being about 1 in. The seeds should not lie nearer to one another, when sown, than 1 in. Mast, sown in the autumn, will come up in April ; and that sown in spring, seldom later than the beginning of May. The varieties are propagated by layers, inarching, or LXX. CORYLA CEM : FA GUS. 909 grafting. When the latter practice is adopted, it is found to be more success- ful when the scions are of two years' growth, and when the graft is earthed up in the manner practised with the grafts of American oaks. (See p. 862.) 2 2. F. FERRtiGi'NEA Ait, The American {erragmous-wooded Beech. Identification. Ait. Hort. Kew., 3. p. 362. ; MIchx. N. Ainer.,3. p. 21. St/nonymes. F. americ^na latifdlia Bu Koi Harbk. 1. p. 260. ; red Beech, Amer. Fngravings. Michx. N. Amer. Syl., 3. t. 106. ; Wang. Amer., t. 29. f. 55. ; and our^. 1698. Spec. Char., S^c. Leaves ovate, acuminate, thickly toothed ; downy beneath ; ciliate on the margin. < ( Willd.) A deciduous tree, so much resembling the common European beech, as by some to be considered only a variety of it. North America, r Height 40 ft. to 60 ft. Introduced in 1766, and not unfrequent in collections. Varieties. f F. y! 2 caroliniana. F. caroliniana Lodd. Cat. ed. 1836. (Our/g. 1697.) — Leaves somewhat cordate at the base, ovate, sMghtly acuminate, obsoletely dentate, and somewhat mueronate. The colour is a very dark green, somewhat tinged with purple, when fully mature. The veins of the under side of the leaf are somewhat hoary. Not common in collections. fV.f. 3 latifolia. F. latifolia of Lee's Nursery. (Our fg. 1699.) — Leaves lanceolate, acumi- nate ; tapering at the base, feather-nerved, much longer than those of the preceding variety in pro- portion to their breadth, and of a lighter green. 1697. F. f. caroliniana. 1698. P. ferruRinea. The American beech is easily known from the European one by its much shorter obtusely pointed buds, with short, roundish, convex scales, which ter- minate almost abruptly, and are enclosed in numerous, short, loose scales. Its leaves are equally brilliant with those of the white or European beech, a little larger and thicker, and more deeply serrated. Its fruit is of the same form, but only half as large; while the prickles of its calyx are less nu- merous, but firmer. The wood is somewhat red, or of a rusty hue, when mature; whence the name. Propagated by layers and grafting. 910 ARBORETUM ET FROTICETUM BRITANNICUM. b. Species nnt yet introduced, t 3. F. oBLi'auA Mirh. The oblique-feaneti Beech. Identification. Mem. Mus., 14. p. 466. Engravings. Mem. Mus., 14. t. 23. ; and our fig- 17°"- Spec. Char., Src Leaves ovate- oblong, oblique, somewhat rhom- boid ; blunt, doubly serrated, entire at the base; attenuated into the petiole, and somewhat downy. Perianth of the male flowers solitary, hemispherical, simiated. Anthers 30 — 40. Cu- pulas capsuliform, rauricate, -i- partite; segments ovate,, obtuse. Ovaries included, 3-bided ; angles winged. (Mirbe/.) A tall tree. Chili, near Conception ; flower- ing in Septemher. 1700. Ji-.obllqua. B. Citpiile involucrlform ; Segments narrow, laciniate. Ovaries laterally inserted. Young leaves not plicate. Natives of South America and Australia. a. Species introduced into Britain. t i. F. BETULdi'DES Mirb. The Birch-like, or evergreen, Beech. Identification. Mirb. in Mem. Mus., 14. p. 470. Synonymc. i?etula antarctica Forst. in Comyn. Goelt. 9. p. 45., Willd. Sp. PI. 4. p. 466. Engravings. Mem. Mus., 14. t. 25. ; and our^. 1701. S;>ec. Char., Sfc. Leaves ovate-elliptic, obtuse, crenu- late. leathery, shining, glabrous ; round at the base, on short footstalks. Perianth of the male flowers solitary, turbinate, 5 — 7-lobed. Anthers 10 — 16. Cupules involucriibrm, smooth, 4-partite ; segments nearly hnear, laciniate. Ovaries 3-sided, laterally exserted ; angles marginate. (Mirbet.) An ever- green tree. Terra del Fuego, where it forms vast forests. This beech is also a native of Van Die- man's Land, where it is called the myrtle tree by the colonists. It generally grows in the western part of the island, where an esculent fungus is found in clusters around the swollen parts of its branches. Said to have been intro- duced in 1830. 1701. F. fietulBides. 1702. F. ant&rcttca. "i 5. F. anta'rctica Forst. The antarctic Beech. Identification. Forst. in Comrfient. Goett., 9. p. 24. ; Willd. Sp. PI., 4. p. 460. Engrrwings. Our fie. 1702. from a specimen in Sir W. J. Hooker's herbarium ; and fig. 1703. from the British Museum. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves ovate, blunt, glabrous ; attenuated at the base ; doubly dentate ; their margins naked. (Willd.) A tree or shrub, a native of Terra del Fuego. Branches rugged, tortuous. Leaves alternate, petio- late, I J in. long ; plicate ; veins on the under side somewhat downy ; the teeth roundish, blunt. Said to have been intro- duced in 18-30. "0!!. F. aiitftrcUc* LXX. CORYLA^CEiE : FjC'GVS. 911 b. Species not yet introduced into British Gardens. S 6. F. Dombe'y/ Mirb. Dombey's, or the MyHle-leaved, Beech. Idmtification. Mem. Mus., 14. p. 468. ; Comp. Bot. MiE., I p. 301. Engravings. Mem. Mus., 14. t. 24. ; and our^, 1704. Spec. Char., Sfc._ Leaves ovate-lanVeolate, some- what rhomboid, pointed; serrated, coriaceous, shining, glaorous ; wedge-shaped, and obliqne at the base, on very short footstalks. Perianth of the male ternate, campanulate, 4 — ,5-lobed. Anthers 8 — 10. Cupules involucriform, smooth, 4-partite ; segments almost linear, laciniate. Ovaries laterally exserted, 3-sided ; angles mar- ginate. (ikfirA.) A tall tree, a native of Chili, where it was lound, along with F. obliqua, by the botanist after whom it had been named. Whether it is deciduous or evergi'een we are un- certain ; there being no living plants of it either 1704. F. Doa,bi!,i. '" Frauce or England. 1 *7. F. DU'BiA Mirb. The dubious Beech. Identificatimi. Mgm. Mus., 14. t. 26. Engravings. Mem. Mus., 14. t. 26.; and our .^. 1705. Spec. Char., S(c. Leaves ovate, bluntish, doubly ser- rate, coriaceous, shining, glabrous, round at the base, on short footstalks. Perianth of the male solitary, turbinate, 5 — 7-lobed. Anthers 10 — 16. (Mirb.) A South American tree, not introduced. Probably nothing more than a variety of F. beta- Idides. The branches are smoother and more elon- gated ; the leaves larger, oval, and not elliptic ;' and dentate, not crenulate ; all which differences may be the result of a more vigorous growth. The dried specimen, in other respects, perfectly resembles that of F. Aetuloides ; and Commerson, who gathered it at the Straits of Magellan, had placed it along with that species, tinder the name of .Betula antarctica. As Mirbel had not seen the female flower, he thought it better not to confound it with F. ietuloides. 1705. F. dubia Genus III. CASTA'NEA Tourn. The Chestnut. Lin. Syst. MonoeVia Polyandria. Identification.. Tourn., 352. ; Willd. Sp. PI., 4. p. 460. ; N. Du Ham., 3. p. 65. SynonyTnes. i^^gus Lin. and others ; Ch^taignier, Fr. ; Kastanie, Ger. ; Castagno, Ital. ; Castano, Span. ; Castanheiro, Port. ; Castanietrs, Swed. and Dan. ; Keschton, Russ. Derivation. From Castanea, a town in Thessaly, or from another town of that name In Pontus. Gen. Char. Male flowers each consisting of a 6-parted calyx, and 10 — 15 stamens, affixed to its bottom, and extended beyond its mouth. Flowers sessile, and disposed in groups along axillary stalks : each group consists of many flowers, and is involucrated by a bractea and a bracteole. — Female flowers consisting each of an ovary taper to the tip, clothed with a calyx, andicrowned by its 6 — 7 — 8-cleft limb, and bearing as many styles, and having as many cells, with two pendulous ovules in each. The flowers are 9 J 2 ARJ30KETUM ET FRUTICETUM BIUTANNICUM. dispoicd 2 — 3 or more together, within a bell-shaped, and externally bristly involucre. Fruit 2 — 3 nuts, included in a 4-valved involucre. (G. Don.) Leaves simple, alternate, stipulate, deciduous; serrated or entire, feather- nerved, plaited in the bud. Flowers yellowish, conspicuous from the abundance and length of the male catkins. Frait with a hairy calyx like that of the beech. — Trees deciduous, large, spreading ; natives of Europe and Xorth America, requiring a good soil to attain a large size. There is only one European species, which is chiefly valuable as a fruit tree, and as coppice-wood ; the timber of full-grown ti'ees being brittle, and of short duration. The foliage i.s large and ornamental ; and, in this and its frus> it bears a close analogy to the beech. ¥ 1. C vb'sca Geertn. The eatable, sweet, or Spanish, Chestnut. Idenllfication. Gartn. Sem., 1. p. 181. ; Willd. Sp. PI., 4. p. 460. Synonymes. J*^gus Castanea Lin. Hort. Cliff'. 447. ; Castanea satlva Mill. Diet. No. 1. ; C. vulgaris Lmn. Encyc. 1. p. 708., Eng. Bot. t. 886., Eng. Fl. 4. p. 1.51. Derivation. The term Sweet Chestnut is applied with reference tf> the fruit, in contradistinction t' the fruit of the horsecliestnut, which is bitter. It is called the Spanish chestnut, because the besL chestnuts for the table, sold in the London markets, are imported from Spain. Engravings. Eng. Bot., t. 886. ; N. Du Ham. 3. t. 19. ; the plates of this tree in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. viii. ; and oat Jig. 1706. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, niucronately serrated; glabrous on each side. {Willd.) A stately deciduous tree, rivalling the oak in size and longevity ; but, in regard to its timber, comparatively worthless. Asia Minor. Height 50 ft. to 70 ft. Cultivated in the temperate parts of Europe from time immemorial. Flowers yellowish ; May. Fruit greenish, enclosing a brown nut ; ripe in October. Varieties. These may be arranged in two classes ; those which are considered botanical varieties, and those which are cultivated on account of their fruit. A. Botanical Varieties. f C. u. 2 asplenifnlia Lodd. Cat. 1836. C. heteroph/Ua Ho7't. ; C. laciniata Hort.; 6'. jalicifolia Hort. — ^ The leaves cut into shreds, regularly or irregularly, and sometimes so as to appear like linear-lanceolate leaves ; and hence the e[)ithet of salicifolia. t C. w. 3 cochleata Lodd. Cat. 1836. — The leaves cucuUate, or hooded, with a diseased stunted appearance. 'r' C. !). 4 glabra Lodd. Cat. 1836. C. v. foliis lucidis Hort. — The. leaves rather thin, and more shining than those of the species. t C. V. 5 glauca. C. glauca Hort. — The leaves somewhat glaucous. ¥ Co. 6 variegdta. C. v. f61iis aureis Lodd. Cat. 1836. — The leaves variegated with yellow, with some streaks of white ; and the tree, when of a larger size, makes a splendid appearance in spring, and is admirably adapted for planting among evergreen shrubs, along with the balsam poplar ; the colour of which, when the leaves first expand, has all the rich yellow of this variety. 'i C. V. 7 anicricaiia. C. v^sca Michx. N. Amer. Syl. iii. p. 9. — This variety has broader leaves than the European chestnut. B. Fruit-hearing Varieties. There are upwards of 20 sorts cultivated in the London Horticultural Society's Garden, of which Mr. Thompson considers the four following as deserving the preference for ornamental cultivation : — Chataignier prime, C. Rallue, the Downton Chestnut, and Prolific Chestnut. Besides these there are the following English sorts : — Devonshire, Lewis's, Lisbon, Masters's Canterbury, Knight's Prolific, and the New Prolific. The varieties cultivated in France for the table are divided into two kinds, viz. les vhataignes and les marrons ; the former being to the latter what the crab is to the apple. The best marrons sold in Paris are the marrons de Lyons ; and the best kinds of the common chestnut are : — La Chataigne de LXX. CORYLA^CEiE: CASTA^NEA. 913 Bois ; la Chataigne ordinaire ; la Chataigne pourtalonne ; la Chataigne printaniere ; la Chataigne verte du Limousin, whieh produces very large excellent fruit ; and la Chataigne exalade. the fruit of which is the best of all the common chestnuts for the table. (Le Son Jard., 1837.) The sweet chestnut differs essentially from the oak, in its timber not in- creasing in value as it increases in age. The trunk, in deep free soils, and in situations sheltered rather than exposed, rises erect, and forms a massive column of wood ; but, in unsuitable soils, and in elevated exposed situations, and in cold climates, it ramifies at the height of 10 or 12 feet, and the tree as- sumes the character of a large pollard. The root descends perpendicularly, like that of the oak, but not, as it is alleged, to quite so great a depth. The rate of growth of young trees, in the neighbourhood of London, averages from 2 ft. to 3 ft. a year for the first 10 or 12 years. The tree will attain the height of from 60 ft. to 80 ft. in from 50 to 60 years ; before which period its timber is generally in the highest degree of perfection ; but the tree will live for se- veral eentmies afterwards, and produce abundance of fruit ; its timber, in the mean while, beginning to decay at the heart, or become brittle, and fit only for fiiel. The wood of the chestnut has the remarkable property of being more durable when it is young than when it is old ; the sap or outer wood very soon changing into heart wood ; and hence the great value of this tree for .706 C. vfoca. posts, fencing-poles, stakes, trelliswork, hoops, &c. The wood, when green, weighs 68 lb. 9 oz. per cubic foot ; and when dry, 41 lb. 2 oz. The wood is easily distinguished from that of the oak, by the transverse fibres being more confiised, and much less evident to the naked eye, more especially in a section newly cut ; so that, to ascertain whether a plank of timber is oak or chestnut it is only necessary to saw off a thin slice at one of its extremities. The bark, especially of young trees, is used for tanning; but it only sells for_ half the price of that of oak. As a tree for usefiil plantations, the chestnut is chiefly 3 N 914 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. valuable as underwood, and for its fruit. As underwood, it is grown in England for hop-poles, fence-wood, and hoops. The poles last as long as those of the ash, and longer ; but they do not grow so fast, and they are apt to send out stout side shoots, which, if not checked, either by pruning or by the closeness of the plantation, cause the upper part of the pole to diminish in size too rapidly. The chestnut, like the beech, prefers a deep sandy loam. It will not thrive in stiff tenacious soil ; and, in a rich loam, its timber, and even its poles and hoops, are brittle, and good for nothing. The species is propagated by the nut, which may be treated exactly in the same manner as the acorn ; and the varieties are perpetuated by grafting. i * 2. C PU^MiLA Willd. The Dwarf Chestnut, or Chincapin. Identification. ■WlUd. Sp. PL, 4. p. 461. ; Michx. Amer., 2. p. 193. Symmymes. FSgus piimila Lin. Sp. PI. 1416. ; Castanea pilmila virginiina, &c., Pluk. Aim. 90. ; Chataigner Chincapin, Fr. ; zwercii Kastanie, or Castanje, Ger. Engravings. Wang. Amer., 57. t. 19. f. 44. ; Michx. N. Amer. Syl., 3. t. 10.5. ; our Jig. 1707. from Michaux ; andjig. 1708. from the tree in the Horticultural Society's Garden. Spec. Char., ^c. Leaves oblong, acute, mucronately serrated ; covered with white tomentum beneath. (Wil/d.) A deciduous shrub. North America, New Jersey, Delaware, Maryland, South Carolina, Georgia, and Lower Louisiana. Height 8 ft. to 4-0 ft. Introduced in 1699. Flowers yellow ; May. Fruit half the size of the common chestnut. 1707. C. piimU.^. 170«. C. piimila. In dry arid soils C. pumila is a shrub not exceeding 6 or 7 feet in height, but in rich soil it is a low tree. The leaves are .3 or 4 inches long, sharply toothed, and similar in form to those of the C. v. americana ; from which they are distinguished by their inferior size, and the whiteness of their under surface. The fructification, also, resembles that of C. v. americana in form and arrangement ; but the flowers and fruit are only about half as large, and the nut is convex on both sides. Species of Castanea not yet introduced into European Gardens. Several species of chestnuts have been discovered in Nepal and Java; some of which were, at first, supposed to belong to the genus Quercus, but have since been separated from that genus, and referred to Castanea, by Dr. Lindley ; and others have been described and figured by Blume, in his splendid work on the plants of Java. Dr. Lindley has given a synoptical list of the Indian Castaneas in Dr. Wallich's PI. As. Rar., in which he enumerates eight different species, all of which we shall shortly notice. C. indica Rox. Hort. Beng., p. 68., Lindl. in Wall. PI. As. Ear., Royle lUust., p. 341., is a native of the mountains of Nepal and Silhet. LXX. CORYLA'CEJE : CASTA NEA. 915 C. Rorburghii Lindl, 1. c. ; Qudrcus castanicarpa Rox. Hon, Seng. p. 68., SpreTig. Syst. Veg. 3. p. 856. ; is a native of Chittagong. C. sphcsrocdrpa Lindl. 1. c, Quercus armata Rox. MSS , is a native of the mountains near Silhet. C. tribullndes Lindl. 1. c, Royle Illust. p. 341. Quercus iribuloides Smith in Rees's Cycl. No. 13., H. Don in Prod. Nep. p. 56., Wall, in Ijitt. ; Q. Catungea Ham. MSS. ; Q. ferox Rox. Hort. Beng. p. 68. — This species, according to Sir J. E. Smith, was discovered by Dr. Buchanan (Hamilton) in the forests of Upper Nepal, flowering and fruiting at various seasons. Dr. Buchanan sup- posed it to be an oak ; and he describes it as being a tree with smooth branches, and leaves on short footstalks, lanceolate, more or less ovate, entire, taper- pointed, somewhat unequal at the base, about 4in. long, li in. broad ; rigid, and rather coriaceous, with irregular, distant, slightly curved veins ; the upper surface polished, and the under one paler, and opaque. The flowers are generally monoecious (though Dr. Buchanan observed one tree with only female flowers), in slender, downy, clustered, axillary or terminal spikes ; the male spikes being the more numerous. Stamens about 8, with a dotted central disk. The calyx of the finit is armed with very numerous, rigid; prominent, sharp thorns, a fourth of an inch or more in length, spreading in every direction. C. martabanica Wall. PI. As. Rar. t. 107., and out fig. 1709., has the leaves ianceolate-oblong, acuminate, quite entire, smooth, on short footstalks, acute 1709. C. marub^ica. at the base, silvery beneath. Catkins . downy, densely clothed with palmate : branchy spines, divaricate. (Wall.) A native of Martaban, near Amherst. C. Tnngurrut Bhtme Bjdr. Fl. Jnv. t. uio c. Tungirrui. 22., and our fig. 1710., has the leaves elliptic-oblong, acute, and ash-coloured beneath. The veins and catkins are downy. It is an immense tree, 150 ft. high ; and is found in the province of Bantam, at an elevation of from 4000 ft. to 6000 ft. above the level of the sea. The natives call it Tungurrut, or Tungerreh. (Blume Fl. Jav.) Caslanea argentea Blume Fl. Jav. t. 21., and oar fig. 1711., has the leaves oblong-lanceolate, much acuminated, narrowed towards the base, glabrous and silvery beneath. Catkins silky. A tall tree, with a thick trunk ; a native of mountains in the west of Java. The wood is used for beams and the axle- trees of waggons; and the acorns are eaten when boiled or roasted. {Blume.') C.javdmca Blume Fl. Jav. t. 23, 24., and our^g. 1712., has the leaves falcate, oblong-lanceolate, sharp at both ends, glabrous, ochreous beneath ; the younger ones streaked underneath with dark yellow. A lofty tree, attaining the height of 120 ft., with a trunk 7 ft. in girt. Common in the woods of 3n 2 916 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. 1711. C. argdntea. 1712. C. jaTanlca. the volcanic mountain of Gede. Blume mentions two varieties : C. j. nion- tana, C. montana Slume Bjdr. 10. p. 526.; and C. j. fucescens. {Blume.) C. inermis Lindl. in Wall. PI. As. Rar. is a native of Singapore. C. chinensis Spreng. is mentioned in our Hortus Britannicus. Genus IV. CA'RPINUS L, The Hornbeam. Lin. St/st. MonoeYia Polyandria. Identification. Lin. Gen., 497. ; Jus«., 409. ; Fl. Br., 1029. ; N. Du Ham., 2. p. 197. Synonymes. Carne, Charme, Fr. ; Haynbuche, or Hainbuche, Ger. ; Carpino, Ital. Derivation. According to some, from car, wood, and pix, the head, Celtic ; from the wood being used to make the voices of oxen : and, according to others, from the Romans using the wood for malting a sort of chariot, which they called carpentum, and which the Swedes still call karm. The French name, Charme, is evidently from the same origin. The English name of Hornbeam al- ludes to the horny texture of the wood; and the German one of Hainbuche, to the use of the wood for making groves in the geometric style of gardening. Gen. Char., Sfc. Male flowers. Catkin lateral, sessile, cylindrical. Bracteas imbricate. Flowers consisting of 12 or more stamens inserted at the base of a bractea. Anthers bearded at the tip, 1-celled. — Female flowers in lax terminal catkins, Bracteas of two kinds, outer and inner ; outer bracteas entire, soon falling off; inner bracteas in pairs, each 3-lobed. Calyx cloth- ing the ovarj' to near its tip, and adhering to it ; toothed at the tip. Style very short. Stigmas 2, long, thread-shaped. Fruit not attended by the involucre ; ovate, compressed, ribbed, clothed except at the base, and tipped with the adnate calyx ; woody ; including one seed. ((?. Don.) Leaves simple, alternate, exstipulate, deciduous ; feather-nerved, plaited in the bud. Flowers very small, greenish. — Trees, mostly of the middle size ; natives of Europe, the Levant, and North America ; little valued LXX. CORYLA^CEiE: Ca'rPINUS. 917 either for their timber or ornamental effect ; but one species valuable as a garden hedge plant. Common soil, and seeds or layers. 2 1. C 5e'tulus L. The Birch, or common. Hornbeam. Identification. Lin. Sp, PI., 1416. ; Eng. Bot., t. 2032. Synonymes. Cftrpinus Matlh. Vatgr. 1. p. 131.; O'strya Saui. Pin. 427.; Cmus Trag. Hist. 1109.; figus Bauh. Hist. 1. p. 2. 146. f. ; Betulus Lob. Ic. 2. 190. f. ; Came, Charme, Fr. ; gemeine Haynbuche, Ger, ; Carpiao bianco, Ital.-^ Horabeani, Yoke Elm, and In some place Wych hazel. En^avings. Eng. Bol., t. 2032. ; N. Du Ham., 2. t. 58. ; the plates of this tree in Art. Brit., 1st edit., vol. viii. ; and oufj^. 1713. Spec. Char., ^c. Bracteas of the fruit flat, oblong, serrated, with two lateral lobes. (Sndth^ A deciduous tree. Britain, and various parts of Eu- rope, in magnitude and general character resembling the common beech. Height 30 ft. to 70 ft. Flowers yellowish ; May. Nuts brown ; ripe in October or November. Varieties. 2 C. B. 2 inasa Lodd. Cat. 1836. C. B. juercifolia Desf. ;C. jB.hetero- phylla Hort. — Leaves deeply cut. 3! C. B. 3 variegdta Lodd. Cat. 1836. — Leaves variegated. The hornbeam, being extremely patient of the knife, forms excellent4iedges. The wood is very tough and horny, and the bark smooth and whitish, or light 1713. C. B^talvs. grey spotted with white ; and on old trees it is generally covered with a brownish moss. The wood is white, hard, heavy, tenacious, and very close- grained ; but it will not take a good polish. It weighs, when green, 641b. ; half-dry, 57 lb. ; and quite dry, 51 lb. It is very seldom used in construction ; partly because it is seldom found of proper dimensions, and partly because, when the tree attains a large size, the wood is apt to become shaky, like that of the chestnut. As fiiel, it surpasses the beech in the proportion of 1655 to 1540. For a nurse plant, and for hedges, it is particularly well adapted. It will succeed in any soil not too warm and dry. It is naturally found on cold, 3>- 3 918 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. hard, clayey soils, in exposed situations ; but it attains its largest dimensions on plains, in loams, or clays that are not too rich. On chalk it will not thrive, in which respect it is directly the reverse of the beech. The seeds of the horn- beam ripen in October ; and they are produced freely in England, but seldom in Scotland ; the bunches, or cones, as they are called, which contain them, should be gathered by hand, when the nuts are ready to drop out ; or they may be left on the tree till they drop ; when, though a part of the seed will have fallen out, there will, in all probability, be enough left for future use, the tree being at present but very sparingly [jropagated in Europe. The nuts separate readily from their envelopes ; and, if they are sown immediately, many of them will come up the following spring, aYid all of them the second spring. If they are preserved in dry sand, or in their husks, and sown tlie following spring, they will come up a year afterwards ; the usual covering is f in. The plants may remain in the seed-bed for two years ; after which they may be planted into nursery lines, and undergo the usual routine treat- ment. V 2. C. (B.) AMERiCA^NA Michx. The Arrierican Hornbeam. Identiftcation. Michx. Amer., 2. p. 201. j Pursh Fl. Amer. Sept., p. 623. Synonyme. C. virgini^na Michx. Arb. t. 8. Engravi^s. Dend. Brit., t. 157. ; Michx. N. Amer. Syl., 3. t 108. j and ourj5^. 1714. Spec. Char., S^c. Bracteas of the fruit 3-partite ; middle division oblique, ovate-lanceolate, 1-toothed on one side. (Willd.) A low deciduous tree. Nova Scotia to Florida. Height 12 to 15 feet, but sometimes from 25 ft. to 30 ft. Introduced in 1812. Flowers and fruit like those of the common hornbeam, and produced and ripened about the same time. The American hornbeam is smaller than that of Europe, but in other respects closely resembles it. Propagated by layers, and sometimes by imported seeds. 1714. C. (fi.) americkna. 1715. C. (B.) orientilis. t Sk 3. C. (B.) ORiENTA^Lis Lam. The Oriental Hornbeam. Identification. Lam. Encyc, 1. p. 700. ; Willd. Sp. PI., 4. p. 468. ; N. Du Ham., 2. p. 199. Syn drupa- ceous. Albumen fleshy. {G. Don.) Leaves simple, opposite, exstipulate, caducous ; linear, and scale-like. Flowers in terminal catkins. — Shrubs evergreen, from the colour of the bark, with tubular jointed stems and branches. Natives of Europe, Asia, and Africa. Cultivated in sandy soil ; and propagated by division. Genus I. L^Lii i;'PHEDRA L. The Ephedra. Lin. Si/st. Dioe'cia Monadelphia. Identification. Lin. Gen., 1136. ; N. Du Ham., 3. p. 17. Derivation. From ephedra^ the Greek name for the ifippHris, or HorBetail, which It resembles. Gen. Char. See Ord. Char. Low shrubs ; evergreen, from the colour of the bark of their branches, and in that respect resembling the genera Casuarina and jBquisetum. They are natives of the South of Europe, Barbary, and Siberia, on the sea-shore, or in saline or sandy wastes ; and they have been but little subjected to cultivation. According to Du Hamel, they bear the shears well, and form beautiful round balls, whfch may either be made to appear as if lying on the ground, or may be supported on a short stem. The lower sorts, Du Hamel continues, may be clipped to resemble turf; and for that purpose the plant may be valuable, in some parts of AustraUa and Africa, to form lawns which shall create an allusion to temperate climates. The saving by using such plants as £'phedra, which would require little or no watering, instead of a great deal, as the European grasses do in such a climate, would be very considerable. n. \. E. DISTA'CHYA L. The two-spiked Ephedra, Great shrubby Horse- tail, or Sea Grape. Identification. Lin. Sp., 1472. ; Ait. Hort. Kew., ed. 1 3. p. 16. SyMmes. ^'phedra vulgiris Rich. Mim. Cm,/, p. 26. t. 4 f. 1. ; Polygonum marlnum Taoern. Ic «36 • P /amiifalium, &c.. Bank. Pin. 16. ; j;'phedra maritima major Toum. Inst. 663. ; Raisin deMer 'EphSdre multiBore, Fr. ; Zweyahriger Ross Schwanz, Ger. Thf Sexes Both are figured in Tabemajmontanus, in Clusius, and in Richard. iV^^'- ™"Ham' t.l. pi. 92.; Rich. Mgm. Conif., t. 4. f. 1. ; and om figs- 1747. and 1748. of the natural size. Spec. Char., ^c. Peduncles opposite. Catkins twin. {Lin.) A small ever- 938 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. green shrub, with numerous cylin- drical wand-like branches, articu- lated, and furnished at each arti- culation with two small linear leaves. South of France and 1747- E. diBt^chya. Spain, in sandy soils on the sea- shore. Height 3 ft. to 4 ft. In- j^^ ^.di-ich,.. troduced in 1750. Flowers whitish ; June and July. Berries red ; ripe in August. As far as we have observed, justice has never been done to this, or any other species of JS'phedra, in British gardens. The fruit becomes succulent, like that of the mulberry, with a slightly acid and yet sugary and agreeable taste, and might be cultivated for the dessert. a- 2. E. MONOSTA~CHYA L. The one-spiked Ephedra, or Small shrubby Horsetail. Ait. Hort. Kew., 3. p. 116. ; N. Du Ham., 3. Lin. Sp., 1472. i E. polygonoldes PaU. Ross. ; EphMre mineure, Eph6dre de 1749. E. monoBtichya. Identification. p. 18.- Si/nonymes. Siberie, Fr. The Sexes. There are male plants at Messrs. Loddiges's. Ennrmings. Dend. Brit., t. 142. ; and our figs- 1V49. and 1760. of the male plant. Spec. Char., ^c. Peduncles many. Catkins .solitary. (Lin.) An evergreen shrub, much smaller, and hardier than E. distachya. Si- beria, near salt springs, and in saline wastes ; and, according to Pallas, common in the southern parts of Russia, from the Don and the Volga to the Leira ; Persia and India. Height 1 ft. to 2 ft. Introduced in 1772. Flowers whitish ; June to July. Berries red ; ripe in August and September. 1750. B. monostilchj'a. The Kergisi use the ashes of the wood of the .E'phedra for snuif. Order LXXVI. TAXA^CE^. Orb Char. Floral buds consisting of numerous imbricate scales. Flowers dioecious. — Male flowers disposed in catkins, each consisting of a scale, and a 2- or many-celled anther, the cells dehiscing longitudinally. — Female flowers solitary, naked or bracteate. Nut, or seed, solitary, surrounded at its base by a disk, which at length becomes fleshy, and conceals the greater portion or the whole of the nut, and forms with it what may be called a succulent drupe, except in Torreya, where the nut is not surrounded by any disk, but by dry scarcely increasing scales. The nut or seed is Lxxvi. taxa^cejE: Ta'xus. 939 covered by a crustaceous testa. Embryo in the axis of the albumen. Ra- dicle at the apex of the seed, having an organic connexion with the albumen. (G.Don.) . b 6 Leaves simple, alternate or distichous, exstipulate, evergreen or deciduous ; mostly linear. — Trees or shrubs; natives of Europe, Asia, and North America. The genera are three, which are thus characterised : — Ta'xus. Dioecious. Anthers of 4 — 6 cells. Nut, or seed, surrounded by a fleshy cupular disk. TorreV^. Dioecious. Anther 8-celled. Seed not surrounded by a fleshy disk, but by scales. SALiSBU^E/y4. Dioecious. Anthers 2-celled. Seed, or nut, covered by the fleshy persistent disk. Genus I. TA'XUS L. The Yew. Lin. Syst. Dite'cia Monadelphia. Identificatim. Lin. Gen., 532. ; Juss., 412. ; FL Br., 1086. ; Toum., t. 362. ; Lam., t. 829. ; Gaertu., t. 81. ; N. Du Ham., 1. p. 61. ; Rich. M^m. Conif., p. 131. t. 2. Derivation. From toxon, a bow ; being formerly much used in making them : or from taxis, ar- rangement ; from the leaves being arranged on the branches like the teeth of a comb : or from toxicum, poison j though Pliny says that poison (toxicum) was so named 'from this tree, which was considered poisonous. The derivation of the term Yew is supposed to be from the Celtic word iw, sometimes pronounced if, and signifying verdure ; alluding to the yew being an evergreen : and this will also explain the French name, if. Gen. Char. Male flower consisting of anthers upon short pedicels, at the top of a column that has imbricate scales at the base. Anthers with 4, 5, 6, or rarely more, 1-celled lobes, attached to the connectivum, whose tip is a horizontal shield, lobed at the edge ; its lobes corresponding in number and place with those of the anthers, and covering them ; the cells opening longitudinally. — Female flower an erect ovule, perfect at the tip ; with an unobvious annular disk at its base ; and, exterior to this, investing imbricate scales. Fruit the disk at the base of the ovule, which becomes a fleshy open cup. Seed like a nut. Leaves simple, alternate, exstipulate, evergreen ; linear, acute, rigid, more or less 2-rowed in direction. Flowers whitish. Fruit red, pulpy. — Low trees and shrubs, evergreen ; natives of Europe, Asia, and North America. Propagated by seeds or layers, in common soil. 1 1. T. BACCA^TA L. The berried, or common. Yew. Identifieatian. Lin. Sp. PI., 1472. j Eng. Bot., t. 746. Synonymes. Taxus, No. 1663., Hall. Hisl. 2. p. 322. ; If, Pr. ; Ifenbaura, Ihenbaum, or £ihenbaum, Ger. ; Taxo, Ital. ; Texo, Span. The Sexes. The yew being almost always raised from seed, the male and female plants may be sup- posed to be nearly equally distributed, both in natural woods and in artificial plantations. Bolh sexes are sometimes found on the same tree. As far as we have been able to observe, says White of Selborne, the male tree becomes much larger than the female one. Engravings. Eng. Hot., t. 746. ; N. Du Ham., 1. t. 19. ; the plates of this tree in Arb. Brit., Ist edit., voL viii. \ and our Jig. 1752. . Spec. Char., SfC. Leaves 2-ranked, crowded, linear, flat. Receptacle of the barren flowers globular. (Smith.) An evergreen tree. Europe gene- rally ; in loamy soils and shady situations. Height 20 ft. to 30 ft., rarely 40 ft. Flowers white ; March and April. Fruit red ; ripe in September. Varieties. ^ T T. h. 2 fastigfdta. T. fastigiata Lindl.; 7". hibemica Hook., Lodd. Cat. ed. 1836; (the plate of this tree in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. yiii. ; and our^g. 1751.) the upi-ight, or Florence Court, Yew; the Irish Yew. Discovered wild at the former place about 1780.— This is a very distinct variety, readily distinguished from the species 940 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. 1761. 3'. b. festlBiMa by its upright mode of growth, and deep green leaves, which are not in ranks like those of the common yew, but scattered. All the plants of this variety in cultivation ai-e of the female sex ; and the fruit is oblong, and not roundish, as in the common variety. • ■« T. 4. 3 procimbens. T. procumbens Lodd. Cat. ed. 1886. — Low and somewhat traihng. a T. 6. 4 erecta. The upright Yew. — A seedling from T. b fastigiata, in which the leaves are 2-ranked as in the common yew^ but the branches take an upright direction as in the Irish yew. stt T. J. 5 spardfolia Hort. — Leaves scattered. a T. J. 6 filik variegatis Lodd. Cat. ed. 1836. — Leaves variegated with whitish yellow. It is seldom found higher than a large shrub. «i T. b.7 fructo luteo. — Fruit yellow. The tree does not differ, either in its shape or foliage, from the common yew ; but, when covered with its berries, it forms a very beautiful object, especially when con- trasted with yew trees covered with berries of the usual coral colour. There are fine trees of this vaiiety at Clontarf Castle, near Dubhn. The yew is of slow growth ; but, in favourable situations, it will attain tfie height of 6 or 8 feet, or more, in 10 years from the seed. In 20 years, it will attain the height of 15 ft., and it will continue growing for 100 years ; after , which it becomes comparatively stationary, but will live for many centuries. > When drawn up by other trees, or by being planted in masses, it takes some- what the character of a fir ; and may be found, thus circumstanced, with a clear trunk 30 or 40 feet high. It stoles when cut down under 20 or 30 years of age, but rarely when it is older. In a wild state the yew affords food to birds by its berries ; and an excellent shelter to them during severe weather, and at night, by its dense evergreen foliage, but no insects live on it. By man, the tree has been applied to various uses, both in a living state, and when felled and employed as timber. The wood is hard, compact, of a fine and close grain, flexible, elastic, splitting readily, and incorruptible. It ia of *« LXXVI. TAXA CE^ : Th XUS 941 1752. T. bacc&ta. fine orange red, or deep brown ; and the sap wood, which does not extend to a great depth, is white, and also ver}' hard. Where the two woods join, there are generally different shades of red, brown, and white : both woods are susceptible of a very high polish. Varennes de Fenilles states that the wood, before it has been seasoned, when cut into thin veneers, and imirersed some months in pond water, will take a purple violet colour ; probably owing to the presence of alkali in the water. According to this author, the wood of the yew weighs, when green, 80 lb. 9oz. per cubic foot; anH, when dry, 61 lb. 7 oz. It requires a longer time to become perfectly dr' than any other wood whatever ; and it shrinks so httle in drying, as not to lose above ■^~ part of its bulk. The fineness of its grain is owing to the thinness of its annual layers, 280 of these being sometimes found in a piece not more than 20 in." in diameter. It is universally allowed to be the finest European wood for cabinet-making purposes. The principal use for which the yew was cul- tivated, before the introduction of gunpowder, was for making bows ; but these are now chiefly made of foreign wood. For details respecting making bows of the yew tree, see Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. iv. p. 2086. The yew makes excellent hedges for shelter ; undergrowth for the protection of game; and. when planted thick on suitable soil, so as to be drawn up with clean an^" straight trunks, most valuable timber. When a yew hedge is wanted to be of one shade of green, the plants should all be raised from cuttings of the same tree ; and, when they are intended to show fruit, in order to rival a holly hedge, only female plants should be chosen or propagated ; and the hedge, like holly hedges kept for their fruit, should be cut in with a knife, and never chpped with the shears. Single scattered trees, when intended to be ornamental by their berries, should, of course, always be females; and, in order to determine their sex, they should not be removed to where they are finally to remain till they have flowered. This may, doubtless, be accelerated by ringing a branch on each plant after it has attained 5 or 6 years' growth. The use of the yew tree in ancient topiary gardening, during the seventeenth century, was as extensive, in England and France, is that of the box seems to have been in Italy in the days of Pliny. The practice was rendered fashion- able by Evelyn, previously to which the clipping of trees as garden ornaments was chiefly confined to plants of box, juniper, &c., kept by the commercial 94*2 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. gardeners of the day in pots and boxes, and trained for a number of years, till the figure required was complete. Sometimes, as we find by ftibson, Bradley and others, clipped plants of this sort sold as high as five guineas each ; and, in all probability, this high price first led Evelyn to the idea of clipping the more hardy yew in situations where it was finally to remain. The narrowness of the leaves of the yew renders it far less disfigured by clipping than even the box ; and, as it is much hardier than the juniper, should clipped trees come again into fashion, there can be no doubt that the yew would be pre- ferred to all others. As an avenue tree, the yew may be considered suitable for approaches to cemeteries, mausoleums, or tombs ; and, as a single tree, lor scattering in churchyards and burial-grounds. The most extraordinary col- lection of yew trees in England, or perhaps in the world, is at Elvaston Cdstle, near Derby. (See Gard. Mag. for 184-1.) The yew will grow on any soil that is somewhat moist ; but it thrives best in loams and clays, on rock, and in a shady situation. It is propagated for the most part by seeds ; but the varieties, and also the species, when the object is to form a hedge of plants of the same dimensions and colour of leaf, as already mentioned, should be propagated by cuttings or layers from one plant only. The berries are ripe in October, and should be then ga- thered, carried to the rot-heap, and treated in the same manner as haws. (See p. 382.) If, however, they are sown immediately, enveloped in their pulp, a few of them may come up the following year, and the remainder the second year ; but, if the pulp is allowed to dry round the nut, and they are kept in that state till spring, none of them will come up till the third year. Cuttings may be formed of either one or two years' growth, and planted in a shady border, either in the beginning of April or the end of August. The cuttings will be most certain of success if slipped off with a heel, and if the soil consists chiefly of sand. The leaves should be carefully stripped off the lower part of the cutting, which may be from 7 in. to 10 in. in length, and buried to the depth of 5 in. in the soil. Cuttings treated in this manner re- quire two years before they are sufficiently rooted to be removed. In all pro- bability, however, if the points of the shoots were taken and planted in sand under a hand-glass, about midsummer, or before, they would produce roots the same season, and might be transplanted the following spring. Whether plants are raised from seeds or cuttings, they ought to undergo the usual rou- tine of culture in the nursery, till they are 3 or 4 feet high : because, as they aie of slow growth, time is gained by this practice ; and the yew transplants so readily at any age, that there is no more danger of plants failing wher transplanted at the height of 6 or 8 feet, than there is when they are only 6 or 8 inches high. At Elvaston Castle, already mentioned, above a hundred yew trees between 20 ft. and 40 ft. in height have been transplanted ; some of them brought from a distance of upwards of thirty miles. « 2. T. (b.) canade'nsis Willd. The Canada, or North American, Yew. Identification. Willd. Sp. PI., 4. p. 8.56. ; Pursh Fl. Amer. Sept., 2. p. 647. Synimyvte. T. b. minor Mich, Bar. Amer. 2. p. 24.'i. Engraving. Oar Jigs. iWb, 2106. in p. 1110. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves linear, 2-ranked, crowded, revolute. Male flowers globose, always solitary. (Willd.) Michaux describes this species as of humbler growth than the European yew, of spreading habit, and with smaller flowers and fruit ; and Pursh says that, under the shade of other trees, it does not rise above 2 or 3 feet high. Canada and Maryland ; grow- ing only in shady rocky places, and flowering in March and April. It was introduced in 1800 ; and is apparently only a variety of the common yew. Horticultural Society's Garden. • 3. T. Haeringto'n/^ Knight. The JSarl of Harrington's Yew. l^dentification. Forbes in Pin. Wob., pi. €8. ; Gard. Mag., vol. xv., p. 273. .'^vncnt/mes. ? r&xus macrophJUd Tliunb. ; ? Podoc&rpus macrophf Uus St»t. l.amb. 2d ed. p 843. .(rb.Brit. 1st ed. p. 2100. LXXVI. TAXA^CEiE: TORRE^Y^. y-*s Engravings. Pin. Wob., pi. 68. ; Card. Mag., vol. xv. flgs. 57. and 58. ; and our figs. 1 ISA. and ■Spec, Char., ^c. ^ Leaves distichous, flat, from 1 in. to l|in.in length, darJ green and shining on the upper surface ; of a white glaucous hue be neath, with the exception of the midrib and revolute margins, which are of a bright green ; the apex mucronate; footstalks Short. Branches round and fur- rowed. (^Forbes.) An ever- green tree. Japan. ? Height. Introduced in 1837. Readily distinguished from all the well-authenticated spe- cies of Taxus, by its lai. s. imciniia. minutely serrulated ; the young terminal buds are of a peculiar reddish colour, and generally more or less covered with whitish resin. The young plants are, besides their difference in shade of colour, readily distinguished by their stronger and more rapid growth." (Jgricuk. Manual, p. 230.) 1 P. s. 5 rigensis. Pin de Riga, I)esf. Hist. t. ii. p. 61. ; Pin de Russie, Pin de Mature, Fr. — This variety is said to constitute the forests of Lithuania and Livonia. Other Timber Tree Varieties. The names of several might be given from books ; but, as we could neither accompany them with descriptions nor synonymes, nor refer to any place where living plants may be seen, we consider that it would be of very little use. P. s. altissima, in the Hor- ticultural Society's Garden, is a strong-growing variety, resembling the pin de Haguenau, and is probably identical with it, though raised from Caucasian seeds ; but P. altissima is a name more generally applied to P. Laricio than to P. sylvestris. b. Varieties curious or ornamental. f P. i. 6 genevensis. Pin de Tarare, Fr. ; the Geneva wild Pine. — There is a plant of this • variety in the Horticultural Society's Garden, a portrait of which is given in Arb. Brit., 1st edit. vol. viii., by which it appears to be a low crooked tree, with numerous twisted branches, extending considerably at the base. i P. s. 7 manop/iytla 'Hf)i\gvas. — The leaves are long and glaucous, and those of each sheath are generally attached to each other through- out their length ; though when the points are taken between the finger and thumb, and the apparently single leaf twisted, it separates into two, and sometimes into three, leaves. Hort. Soc. Garden. i P. J. 8 scariosa. P. scariosa Lodd. Cat. ed. 1836 ; ? P. squamosa Base Nouv. Cours d'Agr. art. Pin, and. Arb. Brit. 1st edit. p. 2292. — Cones small, with long scales, flat at the tips, and bent back. Native of the Lower Alps. (Bosc.) A French variety. Introduced about 1820. I P. «. 9 intermedia. — This is a Russian variety, having slender young shoots depressed towards the stem, and leaves shorter and less glau- cous than those of the species. Horticultural Society's Garden. 1 P. *. 10 altdica Ledebour. — Raised from seeds received from Dr. Lede- bour in 1836. Horticultural Society's Garden, 954 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. I P. ». 11 tortvosa Don of Forfar. — Leaves shorter than those of P. s. vulgaris, and somewhat curled, or rather twisted. Other Varieties. P. rotundata, and some other species which appear to us to be varieties of P. sylvestris, are described by Link ; and P. hamata and P. argentea are described by Stevens, as given in Gard. Mag., vol. XV. p. 2241., but none of these kinds have yet been introduced. We might also have included in the above list P. (s.) pumilio; but though we have no doubt of its being only a variety of P. sylvestris, yet it is so very dif- ferent both in appearance and magnitude, that we have kept it apart. The weight of the wood of P. sylvestris varies according to its age and other circumstances. A cubic foot, in a green state, generally weighs from 54 lb. to 74 lb. ; and, in a dry state, from 31 lb. to 41 lb. The wood is valued, like that of every other pine, in proportion to its freeness from knots ; and it is found that the knots of this species are much more easily worked, and much less liable to drop out of flooring boards, than is the case with knotty boards of the spruce or silver fir. The facility with which the wood of the Scotch pine is worked occasions its employment in joinery and house carpentry, al- most to the exclusion of every other kind of timber, wherever it can be pro- cured. It is at once straight, light, and stiff, and, consequently, peculiarly fitted for rafters, girders, joists, &c., which may be made of smaller dimen- sions of this timber than of any other. In point of durabiUty, if it is kept dry, it equals the oak ; more especially if it has been of slow growth, and is resinous. As a timber tree, for planting in poor dry soils and in exposed situations, none can excel the Scotch pine, and it is only equalled by the larch. In Britain, it surpasses every other species of the pine and fir tribe for sheltering other trees, with the exception of the spruce fir, which, being of a more conical shape, admits more light and air to the heads of the trees which are to be drawn up by it. The Scotch pine is, however, altogether unfit for giving shelter in single rows, unless the branches are allowed to re- main on from the ground upwards, and the roots have free scope on every side. Hence, this pine, like every other species of the tribe, is altogether unfit for a hedgerow tree. When planted in narrow belts round fields for shelter, it soon becomes unsightly, unless the trees stand so thin as to allow of their being clothed with branches from the ground upwards. The true situation for this tree, when grown for timber, is in masses over extensive surfaces. A granitic soil, it is generally allowed both by British and Conti- nental writers, is the most congenial to the Scotch pine ; and the sand and gravel of the Forests of Rastadt and Haguenau are composed of the debris of this rock. It does not harden its wood well when growing on the grau- wacke ; and it is short-lived, and never attains a large size, on chalk. It will grow and flourish in any kind of soil, from a sand to a clay, provided the substratum be rubble or rock ; but in wet tilly soils it ought never to be planted; because, whenever the roots have exhausted the upper soil, and begin to perforate the subsoil, the tree languishes and dies. It is justly ob- served by Mathews, that the natural location of the Scotch pine in poor sandy soils does not result from these soils being best adapted for it, but from the seeds which are blown about by the winds rising readily in such soils, and the plants growing more vigorously in them than any other tree. Should any one doubt this, he observes, let him make an excursion into Mar Forest, and there he will find the Scotch pine in every description of soil and situation, but always thriving best in good timber soil ; and, in short, not differing very materially, in respect to soil, from the sycamore, the elm, the oak, or the ash. The Scotch pine produces cones at the age of fifteen or twenty years ; and every cone generally contains from 60 to 100 seeds. The cones are gathered in the months of December and January, and laid in a dry loft, where they wUl keep good for a year or two, if not wanted for sowing ; and whence they may be taken in early spring, and exposed to the sun, or at any season, and slightly dried on a kiln, as already mentioned, p. 949 LXXVII. CONI FER.E : PrNUS. 955 • I 2. P. (s.) pumi'lio Hasnke. The dwarf, or Mountain, Pine. Identification. Hsenke Beob., fi8. ; Lamb. Pin., ed. 2., 1. 1. 2. Syntmymes. P. sylvestris montkna y Ait. Hort. Kev>. ed. 1.3. p. 366. j P. s. hUmilis y Neal : P, hamilis, &c., Toum. Inst. 686., Link Abhand. p. 171. ; Pin nain, Fr. ; Krumholz, On: EngrmiTtgs. Lamb. Pin., ed. 2., 1. 1. 2. ; our fe. 1765. to onr usual scale ; andjtes. 1763. and 1764. of the natural size. Spec. Char., ^c. Branches generally recumbent. Leaves short, stiff, some- what twisted ; thickly distributed over the branches, with long, lacerated, woolly, white sheaths'. Cones, when young, erect ; when mature, pointing outwards. Buds (/g. 1763.) ovate, blunt, resinous. Leaves (fg. 1764. c) 1763. 1764. P (s.) pumlllo. 1765. from 2 in. to 2^ in. long; sheaths, at first, from iin. to IJin. long, white and lacerated ; afterwards falling off or shrinking to ^ in. or J in. long, and becoming dark brown or black. Cones (d) from 1 J in. to 2 in. long, and from }in. to I in. broad; reddish or dark purplish brown when young, and of a dull brown when mature. Scales (A) and seeds (a) resembling those of P. sylvestris, but smaller. Cotyledons 5 to 7. A large spreading bush, or low tree. Europe, on mountains. Height 10 ft. to 20 ft. Introduced in 1779. Flowering and ripening its cones at the same time as the Scotch pine, when in a similar locality. Varieties. • J P. (s.) p. 2 Tuhrcefiora. — Flowers red. « i P. («.) p. 3 Fischeri. Booth, Lodd. Cat. ed. 1836, Lawson's Man. p. 333. — In the shoots and foliage, it bears so strong a resemblance to P. (s.) pumiho, that we doubt very much if it even merits to be considered as a variety of that species. In- troduced in 1832. H. S. • t P. («.) p. 4 Mughus. P. s. Mugho Matt. Camer. ; P. montana Baum. Cat. ; P. Mugho Jacq., Poir., and N. Du Ham. v. p. 233. t. 68. (our/g«. 1766. and 1767., the latter showing the cone, seed, scale, and sheath of leaves, of the natural size) ; P. echinata Hort. ; P. uncinata Baniond in Dec., Lodd. Cat. ed. 1836 ; the Mugho wild Pine ; Pin Mugho, Torehepin, Pin suffis, Pin crin. Pin du Brianfonnais, Pin de Montague, Fr. ; Bergfichte, Ger. ; Mughi, Hal. — This variety is included by Alton and others in the pre- ceding one; but, having seen both sorts bearing cones, we are satisfied that they are distinct, though they bear so close a resem- blance to each other in foliage and habit, nee. p.t,.)tiui;iiu. 956 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. that, when the cones are absent, they might be supposed to be identical. It is remarked in the Nouveau Du Haviel, that all the pub- lished figures of this variety are bad, with the exception of the one given in that work, from which ours is copied. On comparing,/?^*. 1764. and 1767., it will be found that the cones of P. (s.) p. Mu- ghus, independently of the peculiar pro- tuberant appearance of the scales, are larger than those of P. (s.) pumilio. This and other differences in the cones are quite sufficient, in a technical point of view, to constitute P. (s.) p. Mughus and P. (s.) pumilio distinct species ; but, notwithstanding this, they bear such obvious marks of belonging to P. sylvestris, in their foliage, habit, and locality, that we cannot for a moment hesi- tate about their connexion with that species. • t P. (s.) p. 5 M. tidna. The Knee Pine of the Styrian Alps. — Never grows above .3 ft. high. (Antoine's Coniferen, p. 13. ; and Gard. Mag., 1841, p. 29.) A plant has been in the Trinity College Botanic Garden, Dublin, since 1817; and, in 20 years, it has not attained a greater height than an ordinary-sized man's knee. Other Vaiieties. P. (s.) pumilio and P. (s.) p. Mughus vary so much according to the locaUties in which they are found, that, if it were desirable to increase the number of subvarieties, there might be a dwarf, a tall, and a medium form given to each. In the Horticultural Society's Garden, there is a handsome, erect-growing, small tree of P. (s.) p. Miighus, under the name of P. uncinata, and also a dwarf plant, under the same name ; both producing hooked cones. 1767. p. (s.) Mitehue. 1 3. P. Lari'cio Poir. The Corsican, or Larch, Pine. Identification. Poir. in Lam. Encyc., 5. p. 339. ; Dec. Fr. Fl., 3. p. 274. Synonymes. P. sylvestris e marftima Ait. Hort. Kew. iii. p. 366. ; P. maritima, ed. 2. v. p. 315. ; Pinastro, Pino chiappino, Ital. Engravings. Lamb. Pin., ed. 2., 1. t.4. ; N.DuHam., t. 69. and 69. f. 2. ; the plates of this species in Arb. Brit, 1st edit., vol. viii. ; our J^. 1771. to our usual scale, from a specimen received from the Horticultural Society's Garden ; and Ji^s. 1768. to 1770. of the natural size Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves lax, twice the length of the cones. Cones conical, often in pairs, sometimes, but rarely, in threes or in fours. Scales convex on the back, elliptic in their general form, scarcely angular, and very slightly pointed, Male flowers almost sessile, elongated, having the anthers ter- minated by a small round crest. Bud (see j%. 1768.) from fin. to lin. long; and from I in. to ^ in. broad ; ovate, with a long narrow point, and concave at the sides, resembling a camel-hair pencil. Scales adpressed, and encrusted with white resin. The centre bud generally surrounded by three or more small buds. Cones varying from 2 in. to 3 in. or more in length ; LXXVIL CONI'FERjE : PI^NUS. 957 and from | in. to 1^ in. in breadth. The points of the scales turned over like an under lip, and terminating in a point which has a very small prickle, often scarcely perceptible. The colour of the cone tawny, and the interior part of the scales purple. Leaves vary- ing in length from 4 in. to 6 in. and upwards ; gene- rally two in a sheath on the side branches, but occasion- ally three on the leading shoots. Seeds greyish or black,twice as large as those of P. sylvestris. Cotyledons (see fig. ] 770.) 6 to 8. A lofty tree. Corsica, Spain, Italy, Greece, and various parts of the South of Eu- rope, the Hartz in Ger- many, and Caucasus in Russia ; generally on deeper soil than P. sylvestris. Height 60 ft., 80 ft., 100 ft, 150 ft., according to the variety, the climate, and the soil. In- troduced in 1759. It flowers in May, and its cones are ripe in November of the second year. Varieties. Judging from the names in Continental catalogues, these are nume- rous ; but, as these names are chiefly expressive of different localities, we are ignorant how far the plants are really distinct. In the Nouveau Du Hamel only one variety is given, which is characterised by the cones being greenish, those of the species being described as of a tawny or fawn colour. Delamarre, in his Traite Pralique, &c., enumerates five varieties, some of which, however, are considered by M. Vilmorin as being probably species ; the cones not having yet been seen. 1 v. L. \ coTsicdna. Laricio de I'lle de Corse, Delamarre. — Cones of a tawny or fallow colour, i P. £. 2 subviridis Nouveau Du Hamel. — Cones of a greenish yellow. } P. L. 3 caramdnica. P. caramanica Pose; P. caramaniensis Bon Jard., ed. 1837, p. 974. ; Laricio de Caramanie ou de I'Asia Mineure, Delamarre ; ? P. romana Land. Hort. Soc. Gard. — P. L. caramanica seldom grows to above half the height of P. L. corsickna: it has a much rounder and more bushy head, with straight, or nearly straight, leaves, slender branches, reddish-coloured bark, and reddish buds, which are wholly, or in part, covered with white resin. The scales of the cones, which are larger than those of P. L. corsicana, are tipped with a harder and more horny point. Introduced into France from the Levant in 1798, and to England in 1820. 1 P. i. 4 caldJn-ica. Laricio de Mont Sila en Calabre, Dela- marre. — This pine, Michaux and Vilmorin remark in a note to Delamarre's work, resembles the pine of Caramania; but there are only young plants of it in France, which have not yet fruited. 958 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. I v. L. 5 austnaca. P. austriaca Hoss ; Laricio d'Autriche, ou de la Hongrie, Delamarre. — Scarcely differs from P. caramanica, which grows both in Romania and in the Crimea. We are satisfied of this, not only from living plants in British gardens, but from cones which we have received from Vienna. Other Varieties. P. altfssima and probably some other names are applied to P. Laricio, or some of its varieties, but not in such a manner as to enable us to state anything satisfactory respecting them. The only truly distinct forms of this species, in our opinion, are, P. L. corsicana, P. L. carama- nica (of which there is a handsome tree in the Horticultural Society's Garden, under the name of P. romana), P. L. Pallasiaraa (of which there are trees at White Knights and Boyton), and perhaps P. L. pyrenaica ; the two last we have treated as species, for the sake of keeping them distinct. The branches are disposed in whorls, of five or six in a whorl ; which are distinguished from the branches of P. Pinaster, by being often twisted and turned in a lateral direction at their extremities, especially in full-grown trees. The leaves vary much in length, according to the age of the tree, and the soil on which it grows. The shortest are generally 4 or 5 inches, and the longest 7 or 8 inches, long. The cones are commonly in pairs, but sometimes three and some- times four occur together : they point horizontally and slightly downwards, and sometimes they are slightly curved, so as to be concave at the extremity of the side next the ground. They are from 2 in. to 3 in., or more, in length; of a ruddy yellow or tawny colour, or greenish. In France, according to Tfaouin, P. Laricio grows two thirds faster than the Scotch pine, placed in a similar soil and situation. Baudrillart says that the wood of P. Laricio has neither the strength nor the elasticity of that of P. sylvestris. Previ- ously to the year 1788, the wood was only used by the French government for the beams, the flooring, and the side planks of ships ; but, in that year, the administration of the marine sent two engineers to examine the Forests of Lonca and Rospa in Cor.'ica, in which abundance of trees were found fit for masts. After this, entire vessels were built with it : only it was found necessary to give greater thickness to the masts, in order to supply its want of strength and elasticity. The thickness of the sap wood in P. Laricio is greater than in most other species of pine ; but the heart wood is found to be of very great duration. In Corsica, it is employed for all the purposes for which it is used, when of 36 or 40 years' growth. It is easily worked, and is used both by cabinetmakers and sculptors in wood ; the figures which orna- ment the heads of vessels being generally made of it. In Britain, the tree hitherto can only be considered as being one of ornament ; and, as such, it deserves to be planted extensively for its very regular and handsome form, and the intensely dark green of its abundant foliage. It also deserves planting on a large scale as a useful tree, on account of the great rapidity of its growth. In the low districts of Britain, it might probably be a good substitute for P. sylvestris. i- 4. p. (L.) austri'aca ifb'si. The Austrian, oc 4/aci, Pine Identification. Hoss Anieit., p. 6. ; Lawson's Manual, p. 338. Synonymes. P. nigricans Hori. ; F. nigr§scens Hort. ; schwarta Fohre, Ger, Engravings. Fig. 1772., showing the bud of a plant of two years' growth In the Horticultural So- ciety s Garden ; tnd./Sg. 1773., a cone of the natural size, from a specimen received at Vienna. 1771. P. Larfcio. LXXVII. coni'ferjE : prNUs. 959 1773. P. (L.) austrlaca. Spec. Char., Sfc. Sheath with from 3 to 5 rings, at first of a clear ash grey, then becoming reddish, afterwards darker, and at last black. Leaves from 2 in. to 5 in. long ; seldom, and but little, twisted ; when young, erect ; when older, standing out, and curved towards the twig ; outer surface half-round, dark green, glossy, and with a sharply serrated margin; inner surface nearly even, but slightly dotted along the ridge; points prickly, of a yellowish brown or fawn colour. Buds large, the leader often from I in. to IJin. long, ovate, with along point. L The cone does not arrive at maturity till October in its second year ; it is conical, rounded at the base, 2 or 3 inches long, pointing horizontally, or nearly so ; of a light yellow brown, polished, and shin- ing. Seeds very closely resembUng those of P. Laricio ; and the cotyledons 6 or 8, as in that species. The bark of the shoots of the cuiTent year is of a green- ish yellow, regularly and deeply raised by the insertions of the leaves, furrowed, '"^- and shining. (^Hoss's Gemeirtfasshche An- liitung, &c., p. 8.) A large tree. Austria, in the Breima Forest (Wienerwald), the Banate, upon the Demoglet, near Mehadia ; and in the neighbourhood of the Snowy Mountains, at higher altitudes than Picea pectinata. Height 60 ft. to 80 ft. Introduced in 1833. It flowers about the end of May, and its cones are ripe in the October of the second year. This pine prefers a deep, dry, calcareous sand ; but it will succeed in any soil, provided it is loose; and it even loves a moist soil, if not too wet. It thrives best in situations having a southern aspect. The sap wood of P. aus- triacais said by Hoss to be of a whitish yellow, and the heart wood of a rusty yellow ; the latter being very resinous, strong, and tough. It is much valued in Austria, when kept dry ; and is said to surpass even the larch in resisting the injurious effects of water, or of alternate moisture and dryness. i 5. P. (L.) VwA.ksIA^NA Lamb. Pallas's, or the Tartarian, Pine. IdmUficatian. Lamb. Pin., ed. 2., 1. 1. 5. ; Lawson's Manual, p. 339. SynimyjiKS. P. talirica Hort. ; P. tata- rica in the Hammersmith Nursery in 1797 ; P. maritima Pall. Ind. Taur, (according to a specimen in Mr. Lam- bert's herbarium) ; Tzaam in the Tartar language. Engraviiigs. Lamb. Pin., ed. 2., 1. t. 5. ; the plate of this tree in Arb, Brit, 1st edit., vol. Tiii. ; our figs. 1774. and 1776. to our usual scale ; fig$ 1775. and 1777. of the natural size, from living speci- mens received from A. B. Lambert, Esq., taken from his trees at Boyton. Spec. Char., ^c. Leaves in pairs, very long, erect, rigid, chan- neled ; sheaths very short. Crest of the anthers roundish, convex, repand. Cone ovate- oblong, often curved. Scales shghtly tuberculate, and termi- nated by a very small prickle. {Lamb.) Bud (fig. 1775.) fin. to IJin. long, and from J774. P. (L.) FallufAna. 960 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. ^ in. to 1 in. broad ; ovate, and pointed, with the sides con- cave, like those of P. Laricio, but much larger. Leaves (see_;%. 1777.) from 4 in. to 7 or 8 inches in length ; sheath from ^in. to fin. in length. Cones from 4 in. to Sin. in length, and from 1^ in. to If in. in breadth at the widest part; ovate-oval, acuminate, horizontal in their direction, and slightly incurved at the extremities, which point down- wards. Scales as in those of P. Larfcio, but larger. A large spreading tree. Taurica. Height 60 ft. to 70 ft., some- times 80 ft. Introduced in 1790. It flowers in the end of May, and its cones are ripe in November of the second year. Varieties. We can readily conceive that P. L. Pallasiana, like ,775. every other variety of P. Laricio, is liable to sport ; and, p.(i,.)PaUs.i.>«<>. accordingly, of the trees possessed by Mr. Lambert, one has the cones straight and short, and another long and crooked. The P. taurica of the London gardens is without doubt a synonyme, and not even a variety. This tree is about the size of P. sylvestris, but much more spreading, sending out numerous large, declining, and horizontal branches from the summit to the base; the lower branches almost equalling the trunk itself in size. The chief circumstance in which 1776. p. (L.) Pallasiilna. P. (L.) Pallasjamo differs from P. Laricio, judging from the trees at White Knights, is in the length of the cones : the leaves are also larger than those of P. Larfcio; and, on the whole, the differ- ence may be compared to that which exists between T^lia eu- 1777. P. (L.) PallasUmi. LXXVII. CONl'FERiE : Pi'nUS. 961 ropae'a and T. Geneve. grandifolia, or the pin de Hageneau and the pin de Identification, p. 335. I 6. P. (L.) pyrena'ica Lap. The Pyrenean Pine. La Peyrouse Supp. Fl. Tyren. ; Bon Jard., ed. 1837, p. 975.; Lawson's Manual, P. hisp^nica Cook^s Sketclies in Spain, 2. p. 237 Pinaster hispanica lioxns di San JP. halcpeusis m^jor Ann. d'liort. de Clemente ; P. pemcellus Lap. Biat. des PI. des Pt/r Paris, 13. p. 187. ; Pin Nazaron, Pin pinceau, Fr. Engravings. Our jig. 1780. from a cone received from M. Vilmorin, Jig. 1778. from a bud of the plant in the Horticultural Society's Garden, both of the natural size ; andjjg. 1779., to our usual scale, from a tree growing, in 1837, at Woodside, near Hatfield, the residence of John Church, Esq. Spec, Char., Sfc. Leaves long, in tufts at the extremities of the shoots ; branches dispersed, naked, scaly when young. Cones conical, smooth, and a little recurved, seeds hard. (Lap.) The tree when young somewhat resembles P. halepensis, but when older it assumes a much higher stature, and a more pyramidal form. The cones are, like those of P. halepensis, on strong footstalks ; but, instead of pointing downwards, they are always in a horizontal direction. The leaves are long and fine ; but strong and upright, and arranged round the branches like the hairs of a camel-hair pencil, whence the name of pin pinceau. They are sometimes three in a sheath, on the young shoots. (Ann. de la Soc. d'Hort. de Paris, xiii. p. 186.) A majestic tree. Spain, in the extensive forests of the Sierra de Segura, and other places. Height 60 ft. to 80 ft. Introduced in 1834. It flowers in May, and its cones are ripened in the November 1778. of the second year. Captain Cook, who introduced this pine, describes it as quite hardy, of quick growth, and from its noble appearance, the beauty of its form, and the clear 1779. p. (L-^pyreilaica. 1780. transparent colour of both the bark and foliage, likely to be a vast acquisition to our park scenery. The timber is white and dry, being nearly without tur- pentine ; but the cones exude a. most delicious balsamic odour, as do the leaves. H. 8. i 7. P. Pina'steb Ait. The Pinaster, or Cluster, Pine, Identification. Ait. Hort. Kew., ed, 1., 3. p. 367. Synonymes. P. sylvestris y Lin. Syst. Reich. 4. p. 172. ; P. marltima Altera Du Ham. Arb. No 4 3 Q 96'2 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. t. 29. ; P. maritima N. Du 11am. 5. p 240. ; P. s^rtica Thore Prom, sur Us Cites de Gascogne, p. 161. ; P. Massoni^rza Lamb. 2 ed. 118. ; Pin de Bordeaux, Pin des Landes ; Pinastro, Hal. Engravings. Du Ham. Arb., No. 4. t. 26. j Lamb. Pin,, ed. 2., 1. t. 9. ; N. Du Ham., 6. t. 72. and 72. bis f. 1. ; the plates of this tree in Arb. Brit, 1st. edit. vol. viii. ; our Jig. 1786., to our usual scale ; figs. 1781. and 1782., of the natural size, from Dropmore and Pain's Hill specimens. Spec. Char., Src Leaves in paii-s, rigid, very long. Cones conical, placed in whorls of 3, 4, or even as many as 8, together ; rather solitary, much shorter than the leaves ; the backs of the scales forming each a rhom- boidal pyramid, with two lateral angles, from which proceed ribs, terminating at the summit of the pyramid in a smaller pyramid, which has a hard point, more or less sharp, and of a grey colour. Crest of the anthers round- ed. Bud (fig 1781.) 1781. P.KnSstet. from f in. to f in. long; and from fin. to I in. broad ; straight-sided, cylin- drical, with the scales turned back ; white and woolly, but never resinous ; surround- ing buds few and small. Leaves (see /g. 1782.) from 6 or 8 inches to 1 ft. in length, shghtly ser- rated on the mar- gins ; sheaths from ^in. to fin. in length ; imbricated, scarcely rigid ; pale green or whitish at first, and becoming at last black. Cones from 4 in. to 6 in. in length, and from 1| in. to 2 J in. wide at the broadest part ; light brown, and shining; scales from 1 in. to IJin. in length, and from ^ in. to fin. in breadth at the widest part ; terminating in a regular pyramid ; rhomboidal at the base. The sum- mit consisting of a smaller rhomboidal pyramid, of an ash-grey colour, very 1782. P. PimUler. LXXVII. CONI FER^ : PI NOS. 963 hard, and with a small sharp point, more particularly in the upper part of the cone. Seeds oblong, and measuring, without the wing, upwards of fin. in length, and nearly Jin. in breadth ; with the wing above If in. in length; wing nearly | in. in breadth. Cotyledons 7 or 8. A large tree. South of Europe and Greece ; chiefly in low situations, and sandy soils near the sea. Height 50 ft. to 60 ft. sometimes 70 ft. Introduced in 1596. It flowers, near London, in the beginning of June ; in the North and West of France, in May ; and on the Landes of Bordeaux, in April ; and the cones ripen at the end of the second year. Varieties. The extensive geographical range of this tree has given rise to many varieties, though we have seen but very few that can be considered truly distinct. S P. P. 2 AberddnisB Gard. Mag. vol. xv. p. 128. P.P. EscarenM Arb. Brit. 1st edit. p. 2214. — The leaves are of a paler green than those of the species, but they are equally long and strong. The cones are shorter, and more ovate. A most distinct and handsome variety. Introduced into Britain by the Earl of Aberdeen, in 1826. f P. P. 3 hemonT^mis. P. 'Lemonidna Benth. Hort. Trans- act., vol. i., second series, p. 509. pi. 20. ; and our Jig. 1783. to our usual scale, and Jig. 178't. to the natural size. — This is also a very distinct variety, but quite the opposite of the last ; being a stunted bushy plant, with 1783. P. P. Lemominiu. zigzag, close, and twiggy branches ; and standing appa- rently in the same relation to P. Pinaster that P. (s.) pumilio does to P. sylvestris. P. P. 4 minor. P. marftima minor N. Du Ham. \f. p. 242. t. 72. bis, f. 1., and our_^g. 1785. ; Pin Pinsot, Pin de Mans, Pin a Trochet. — This variety, which is chiefly distinguished by the somewhat smaller size of its cones, being from 3Jin. to 4 in. long, and l|in. broad, is said by Bosc to be produced by a colder climate, and to abound on the west coast of France, especially on the barren sands in the neighbourhood of Mans ; and to be hardier than the species. It is found in the Landes of Bordeaux, growing along with P. Pinaster. P. P. 5 foliis variegdiis. — Leaves variegated. P. P. 6 maritimus. — Shoots and leaves more slender than those of the species. Greece and Italy, on the sea coast. Other Varieties. Several enumerated in our first edition bear the names 30 2 964 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. of tlie countries whence they were introduced, but they are not worth keeping distinct. The only varieties of pinaster which we think worth cul- tivating are, P. P. Aberdoniis and P. P. Lemom'iJMMi, and, for those who like variegated plants, P. P. foliis variegatis. There is a more decided taproot in this pine than in any other European species ; and, where the soil is dry and sandy, it descends perpendicularly into it, like the root of a broad-leaved tree. In proportion as the perpendi- cular roots are stronger than those of other pines, the horizontal roots are weaker ; and hence, in the ^^ ' ' V H I / AiA case of transplanted trees, from the weight of the 17S5. p. p. minor. 1786. P. Pinaster, head, produced by the dense ma.ss of long foliage, the stem is generally inclined to one side ; and when, after two or three years, it begins to grow erect, a curvature appears close above the root, which remains visible even in old trees. The rate of growth is very rapid ; plants, in 10 years from the seed, attaining the height of 10 or 12 feet, and, in twenty years, the height of 30 ft., in the climate of London. The wood is in thick layers, soft, and not of great duration. The most remarkable fact in the history of this tree is the great use which has been made of it in France, in covering immense tracts of barren sand on the sea coast. Though the wood of the pinaster is soft, and not of long duration, it is employed, in the marine arsenal at Toulon, for the outer cases of all the packages which are put on board vessels, and principally for the piles and props which are used for sustaining the frames of vessels' while they are being constructed. In Bordeaux and in Provence, it is em- ployed for the common kinds of carpentry, for packing-boxes, and for fuel ; but the most valuable purposes to which the tree is applied in these countries is the production of rosin, tar, and lampblack. The modes of procuring pitch, tar, rosin, &c., from the Pinaster, are given at length in our first edition, vol. iv. p. 2221. to 2224. A deep dry sand, or a sandy loam on a dry bottom, suits this tree best ; it abhors chalk, and every description of calcareous soil. With Lxxvii. coni'fer^ : pi^nus. 965 1787. P. Knca. respect to elevation, though it will endure the sea breeze, it will not thrive, in England, much above the level of the sea. i 8. P. Pi'nea L. The Stone Pine. Identification. Lin. Sp. PI., 1419. ; Ait. Hort. Kew^ ed 1., 3. p. 3G8. Synonymes, P. saUva Bauh, Pin. p. 491. ; P. domestica Mattk. Camm. 87. ; Pin Pignon, Pin bon. Pin cultive, Pin Pinier, Fr. ; Geneissbere Fichte, Ger. ; Pino da Pinocchi, Ital. Engravings. Biacltw., t. 189. ; Du Ham. Arb., 2. t. 27. \ Tabern. Ic, 936. ; Lamb. Pin., 1. t. 10, 11. ; N. Du Ham., 6. t. 72. f. 3. ; Poit. et Turp., t. 125. ; Michx. N. Amer. Syi., 3. t. 13.'i. ; the plate of this tree in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. viii. ; our Jig, 1788., to our usual scale ; figs. 1787. to 1789., of the natural size, from Dropmore and White Knights. Spec. Char., S[c. Leaves in pairs. Cones ovate, obtuse, nearly as long as the leaves, their scales with recurved deciduous points. Seed bony, with very short wings. Crest of the anthers jagged. (Smith.) The buds (see fig. 1787.) resemble those of Pinaster, but are smaller in all their dimensions, much less pointed, more woolly, and wholly without resin. The surround- ing buds are nearly as large as the central one. The leaves are from 5 in. to 7 in., and sometimes 8 in., long, serrated ; sheaths, at first, J in. long, afterwards becoming lacerated, shortened to half their length, and ringed with four or five rings. Cone from 5 in. to 6 in. in length ; and from 3iin. to iin. in breadth ; scales large and woody, from 2 in. to 2iin. in length, and from 1 in. to I Jin. in breadth, with the thickened part pyramidal, rhomboidal, and some- times hexagonal in the plan, resembling those of P. Pinaster, but having four ribs from the four angles, instead of two from the lateral angles. The ribs meet in a small rhomboidal pyramid, of a grey colour, which terminates in a broad blunt prickle. The colour of the entire cone is much lighter than that of P. Pinaster, and is of a pale wains- cot colour. Seeds, without the wing, fin. long, and from |in. to ^'m. broad ; with the wing, 1 in. long. Cotyledons 9 to 11. A low or middle- sized tree. Greece, and cultivated in Italy. Height, in Greece, SO ft. to 60 ft.; in England, 15 ft. to 20 ft., rarely 30 ft. Introduced in 1548. It flowers, in the cHmate of London, in the latter end of May or the beginning of June, and ripens its cones in the autumn of the second year. Varietie.^. i ? P. P. 2frdplis N. Du Ham. v. p. 242. — The only variety mentioned by Continental authors ; and it only differs from the species in having a tender shell to the seed, t P. P. 3 crelica Hort. — The leaves seem to be rather finer than those of the species. In the South of Europe, this species is a large tree, with a spreading head, forming a kind of parasol, and a trunk 30 or 40 feet high, clear of branches ; but in England it generally forms a bush rarely exceeding 1 5 ft. in height. The soil for the stone pine should be deep, sandy, and dry, and the situation sheltered, though the plants should not be crowded. The seeds are procured from foreign cones, which are generally purchased in the autumn, or at the beginning of winter, and the seeds taken out of them by throwing them into hot water, and treating them like those of pinaster. They are frequently sown in pots in the course of the winter, and preserved in a frame, and kept 3q 3 1788. P. Plnea. 966 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICEl'UM BRITANNICUM. 1789. P. Pinca. gently moist, till the spring ; when most of the seeds will come up, though some will remain in the ground till the second year. Their tardy germination is owing to the thickness of the shell of the seed, which some cultivators break before sowing, though at the risk of injuring the seed. The plants which come up should be transplanted into small pots, after midsummer of the same year, or, at all events, not later than the following spring ; and, for two or three years, they should be kept during winter in a frame, quite close to the glass. The plants are very tender for the first two or three years ; but in the fourth and fifth years they will endure the open air, in the climates of ■LXXVII. CONl FERjE : PI'NUS. 967 London and Paris, without any protection. The leaves of this species, as well as of several others, have quite a different appearance for the first two years from what they have ever afterwards ; they are very glaucous, ciliated on their margins, very short, and very sharp-pointed. During this period, they are single and without sheaths ; but afterwards they come out in pairs, with sheaths, these pairs being what are considered by botanists as abortive shoots. The nursery treatment of the stone pine is the same as that recom- mended for the pinaster, with which the tree is frequently confounded ; this species having also very long taproots, which render it necessary to be ex- tremely careful in taking them up for removal : indeed, they should generally be grown in pots ; and, when they are turned out of the pots to be planted where they are finally to remain, the greatest care should be taken to stretch out the roots, and to spread them carefully in every direction, t 9. P. halepe'nsis Ait. The Aleppo Pine. Identification. Ait. Hort. Kew., 3. p. 367. ; Lam. Pin., ed. 2. 1. 1. 7. ; N. Du Ham., .5. p. 238. Synonipnes. P. hierosolymitSna Die Ham. Arb. 2. p. 126. ; P. maritima prima Mathiolus ; Pin de Jerusaleme, Fr.; Pino d' Aleppo, Ital. Engravings. Lamb. Pin., ed. 2., 1. t. 7. (exclusive of the ripe cone, which is that of P. Laricio) ; the plate of this tree in Arb. Brit, 1st edit., vol. viii. ; our^. 1793., to our usual scale ; and figs. 1790. to 1792. ; all from specimens from a tree in the Horticultural Society's Garden. Spec. Char., S^c. Leaves in pairs, very slender. Cones pyramidal, rounded at the base, turned downwards, smooth, solitary or in pairs, stalked. (Lois., and obs.) Buds (see fig. 1 790.) from ^ in. to 1 in. long, and fi-om -^in. to ^in. broad ; imbricated, roundish, some- what pointed, wholly without resin ; and altogether like those of a pinaster p. halepfinsis. 1791. in miniature. Cones {fig. 1792.) from 2A in. to 3 in. in length ; and from lA in. to li in. in breadth ; invariably turned downwards, so as to form an acute angle with the stem. Footstalks of the cones from ^in. to Jin. in length. Scale (ji?g. 1792. p. haiep^mis. 1791. a) from IJin. to 1^-in. long, and iin. broad. Seed, without the wing (c), from iin. to fin. in length, and YVin. in breadth ; with the wing (6), from 1 in. to IJin. in length. Coty- ledons about 7. A low tree. South of Europe, Syria, and Barbary, in dry sandy warm soils. Height 20 ft. to 30 ft. Introduced in 1683. It flowers, in the climate of London, about the end of May or the beginning of June, and the cones are ripened in the autumn of the second year. Varieties. i P. A. 2 minor. — Cones rather smaller than in the species, but it is scarcely worth keeping distinct. Horticultural Society's Garden. 3a 4. 968 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. 179;i. p. halepunsis. i P. h. Smaritima. P. marftiiua Lamb. Pin, ed. 2. t. 6. — According to Mr. Lambert's figure, the cones of this variety, in the different forms in which he has given it, are all larger than those of the species. A very doubtful variety. 1 P. A. 4 genuensis. P. genuensis Cook. — Does not appear, in foliage and habit, different from the species. The cone we possess is 3 in. long, and 1 J in. in diameter at the broadest end, and regularly pyra- midal. The length of the stalk is | in. The leaves are of a deep green, 2 or 3 inches long, most commonly 2 in a sheath, but sometimes, though rarely, 3; and they are so disposed as to form a double spiral round the branches. They never remain longer than two years on the tree ; in consequence of which the branches of old trees have a naked appear^ ance, and the head looks open, straggling, and thin. The male catkins are reddish, from -|in. to -^in. in length, on short pedicels, disposed in branches of .5o or 40 together. The crest is large, proportionably to the size of the anthers, , and is rounded. The female catkins are not, as is usual, placed at the extremity of the shoot of the year, but come out at the side of the shoot, and towards the middle of it ; they point outwards during their flowering, and are of a greenish hue, slightly tinged with red. The cones have very strong peduncles of half an inch or more in length ; and, as they advance in size, they take a direction almost perpendiculai'ly downwards. The tree grows rapidly when young, acquiring the height of 13 or 20 feet in ten yeans. 1 10. P. bru'ttia Ten. The Calabrian Pine. Identification. Ten. Fl. Nap. Prod., p. 69. ; Synops., ed. alt., p. 66. ; Link Abhand., 1837, p. 176. Synonymes. P. conglomerkta Grccfer PI. Exsicc, as quoted by Lambert ; Kalabrisclie Kiefer, Oer. Engravings. Lamb. Pin., vol. 3. t. 82. ; and our figs. 1795. and 1796., from Lambert, and from a young tree in the Horticultural Society's Garden, sent there by Mr. Lambert. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves in pairs, very long, slender, wavy. Cones sessile, crowded, ovate, smooth. Scales truncate at the apex, flattish, umbilicate. (Lamb.) Buds (see fig. 1794.) |in. long, and .Jin. broad; ovate, pointed, whitish, and wholly without resin ; centre bud surrounded by three smaller buds. Leaves from SJin. to 4 in. long on the young plant in the Horticultural Society's Garden ; but above 6 in. long in Mr. Lambert's figure. Sheaths, in both, less than j in. in length. According to Link, a lofty tree, vying with P. Laricio. Calabria, on mountains, 4000 ft. to 5000 ft. above the level of the sea. Height 70 ft. to 80 ft. sometimes 100 ft. Introduced in 1836. ''"• Leaves in twos, rarely in threes, very long, slender, glabrous, wavy, spread- ing, about 9 in. long ; light green, canaliculate above, convex beneath, serrulate on the margin, terminated by a small conical callous mucro ; sheaths about \ in. long, persistent, of an ash-brown colour, membranaceous, entire round the tops, guarded at bottom with a linear-lanceolate, revolute, bright brown, thread-like, ciliated scale (metamorphosed leaf). Cones sessile, generally in clusters, ovate, smooth, brownish, 2 in. to 3 in. long. Cones truncate at the apex, flattish, trapezoidal, umbilicate, smooth, obsoletely 4-angled ; umbilicus dilated, depressed, somewhat hollow, ash-coloured. {D.Don.') This species is nearly related to P. h. maritima , but it is readily distinguished both from it and P. halepensis by its very long wavy leaves, and by its shorter, sessile, clustered cones, with the scales depressed and slightly concave at their apex. LXXVII. CONlFEKiE: PI NUS. 969 The leaves resemble those of P. Laricio ; but they are more slender, and rather longer ; and both species differ essentially in their cones. Sprengel has referred it to P. Pinaster, not even allowing if the rank of a variety; but, according to Lambert's Monograph, the leaves in P. Pinaster are twice as 17y5. p. brfittia. 1796. Stout, straight, and rigid, and disposed in interrupted verticels ; and the cones are double the size, with the scales elevated and angular. The tree of P. bruttia is said to attain a considerable size, and to yield timber of excellent quality. {Lamb. Pin.) H. S. B. Natives of North Avieiica. 'St 11. P. BanksW^W/J Lamb. 'Banks's, or the Labrador, Vme. Identification. Lamb. Pin., ed. 2., 1. t. 3. ; N. Du Ham., 5. p. 234. ; Pursh Fl. Amer. Sept. 2. p. 642. Syiionymes. P. sylv6stris divaric^ta Ait. Hurt. Kew. 3. p. 366. ; P. rup^stris Michx. N. Amer. Syl. 3. p. 118. ; P. huds6nica Lam. Encyc. 5. p. 339. ; Scrub Pine, Grey Fine, Hudson's Bay Pine ; Ypres, Canada. Engravings. Lamb. Pin., ed. 2., 1. t. 3. \ Michx. N. Amer. Syl., 3. t. 136. ; ourj^. 1799. to our usual scale of I in. to 2 ft. ; and^^. 1798. of the natural size. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves in pairs, divaricated, oblique. Cones • recurved, twisted. Crest of the anthers dilated. {Smith.) Bud iin. long, l^in. broad; cylindrical, blunt at the point, whitish, and covered with resin in large particles ; central bud surrounded by from three to five smaller buds, as shown in_;?^. 1797. Leaves (see fig, 1798.) from 1 in. to IJ in. in length, including the sheath, which is short, and has three or four rings. Cones from liin. to Sin. long. Leaves and cones retained on the tree three or four years. Scales terminating in a roundish protuber- 970 AKBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. ance, with a blunt point. Seeds extremely small. A low, scrubby, strag gling tree. Hudson's Bay, and farther north than any other American pine, where it gi'ows among barren rocks. Height, in America, 5 ft. to 8 ft. ; at Dropmore and White Knights, 15 ft. to 30 ft. Introduced in 1735. Flowers yellowish ; May. Cones ripe in the November of the second year. The catkins of both sexes are expanded in May, before those of P. syl- vestris ; but, as in that species, the cones do not attain their full size and maturity till the November of the second year, and do not open to shed their p. BanksuJTia. seeds till the spring of the third year. The cones are commonly in pairs, of a grey or ash colour (whence the American name of grey pine) ; they are above 2 in. long, and have the peculiarity of always pointing in the same di- rection as the branches. They are remarkable for curving to one side, which gives them the appearance of small horns. They are extl-emely hard, and often remain on the trees several years. Plants are raised from imported seeds, when these can be procured ; but the species may be inarched, or grafted in the herbaceous manner, on P. sylvestris. i 12. p. i'nops Ait. The Jersey, or poor. Pine. Identification. Ait. Hort. Kew., ed. 1., 3. p. 367., ed. 2., 6. p.316. ; Michx. N. Amer. Syl., 3. p. 129. ; Pursh Sept., 2. p. 641. Sjfnmiymes. P, -virglni^na Du Roi Harik. ed. Pott. 2. p. 47. ; Pin chetif, Fr. Engravings. Lamb. Pin., ed. 2., 1. t. 12.j N. Du Ham., t. 69. f. 1.; Michx. N. Amer. Syl. 3. 1. 137. ; our fia, 1801. to our usual scale, and figs. 1800. and 1802. of the natural size, all from Dropmore specimens, Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves in pairs. Cones drooping oblong-conical, longer than the leaves. The scales awl-shaped, with prominent prickles. Crest of the anthers short, broad, jagged. Bud (^fig. 1800.) from | in. to J in. long, and A in. broad ; cylindrical, blunt at the point, resinous, brown, and surrounded by three small buds. Cone {fig. 1802.) from 2^ in. to 3J in. long, and from 1 in. to If in. broad. Some of those at Drop- more are of the last dimensions. Scales of a hard woody texture, of a yellowish brown colour, with a sharp woody prickle projecting from each, which is generally straight. Leaves from If in. to 2f in. long. Sheaths with 3 or 4 rings. Seeds .smsiU, cotyledons 6 to 8. Young shoots covered with a fine purplish glaucous bloom. A tortuous-branched low tree, having, at a distance, the general appear- ance of P. Banksmna ; but differing from that species in having many of the more slender branches pendulous, and the wood of the shoots of the current year conspicuously glaucous and tinged with violet. '*''°' New Jersey to Carolina, on dry barren soils. Height, in America, 30 ft. to 40 ft.; at Dropmore and Pain's Hill, 40 ft. to 50 ft. Introduced in 1739. Lxxvii. coni'ferje: pi^nus. 971 Flowers in May, and the cones are matured in November of the second year. The violet colour of the shoots is peculiar to this species and to P. mitis, among the 2- and 3-leaved pines, but it occurs in the 4-leaved pines, in P. Sabiniona and P. Coulteri. The buds are resinous; and this matter very readily exudes, and incrusts the surface of the sections wherever a branch is cut off. At Dropmore, in warm weather during sunshine, the fragrance of the air in the neighbourhood of this tree is delight- fully balsamic. o^Sittki? t 13. P. pu'ngens Michx. The prickly-conerf, or Table Mountain, Pine. IdentificatioTi. Michx. Arb., I. p. 61. ; Pureh Fl. Amer. Sept., 2. p. 643. ; Lamb. Pin., ed. 2., 1. 1. 17. Engravings. Lamb. Pin., ed. 2., 1. 1. 17. ; Michx. N. Amer. Syl., 3. t. 140. ; our Jig. 1804. to our usual scale, and Jigs. 1803. and 1805. natural size, all from Dropmore specimens. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves short, and thickly set. Cones top-shaped, very lai-ge, yellow. Scales with hard incurved prickles, thick, and broad at the base. (Michx.) Bud (^Jig. 1803.) from | in. to fin. long, and ^ in. broad ; cylindrical, blunt at the point ; brownish, and covered with white resin ; generally without small buds. Leaves (_/?g. 1805.) 2^ in. long, including the sheath, which has 4 or 5 rings ; the leaves are much broader, and rather shorter and lighter, than those of P. (s.) pumilio, and tipped with a sharp point. Cone 3| in. long, and about 2J in. broad. Scale woody, and furnished with a strong awl-shaped hook, exceeding J in. in length. Seeds nearly as large as those of P. sylvestris, rough and black. Cotyledons from 6 to 8. ,804. p.piin"ms "O* .W" ■■■• ' 972 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. 1S05. F. pilngens. A tree, with the habit of P. sylvestris, but with a much more branchy head. North Carolina, on high mountains. Height 40 ft. to 50 ft. Intro- duced in 1804;. Flowers in May, and the cones are ripened in November of the second year. Readily distinguished from P. sylvestris by the young leaves not being glaucous, and by the leaves generally being more straight and rigid, slightly serrated at the margins, and with shorter sheaths. The leaves are also of a paler green, both when young and full grown ; so that the tree, when of large size, has nothing of the gloomy appearance attributed to the Scotch pine. The cones are of a light yellowish brown colour, without footstalks ; and they are generally in whorls of 3 or 4 together, pointing horizontally, and remaining on the tree for many years. At Dropmore, there are cones adher- ing to the trunk and larger branches of more than 20 years' growth, giving the tree a very singular appearance ; and rendering its trunk easily distinguishable, even at a distance, from those of all others of the pine tribe. i 14. P. RESiNo^sA ^2^ The resinous, or r-erf. Pine. IdentjJKaticm. Ait. Hort. Kew., ed. I., 3. p 367., ed. 2., 5. p. 316. ; Pursh Fl. Aicer. Sept. 2. p. 642. Syntmymes. P. rdbra Michx. N. Amer Syl. 3. p. 112. ; Norway Pine, in Canada ; Yellow Pine, in Nova Scotia ; le Pin rouge de Canada, Fr. Engravings. Lamb. Pin., ed. 2., ] . t. 13. ; Michx. N. Amer. Syl., 3. t. 134. ; our fig. 1808. to our usual scale, with a male catkin (m) of the natural size, anA figs. 1806. and 1807. of the natural size, all from Dropmore and White Knights specimens. Spec. Char., Sfc. Bark red. Leaves in pairs, 4 or 5 inches long. Cones of a reddish brown, ovate-conical, rounded at the base, and half the length of the leaves ; scales dilated in the middle, and unarmed. {Michx.') Buds LXXVII. CONl FER^ : PI NUS. 973 (fig. 1806.), in the White Knights specimen, I^in. long, and -j^in. broad ; ovate, acuminate, concave on the sides, with a long point, as in P. Laricio ; but reddish brown, and very resinous. Leaves (fig. 1807.) from Sin. to 6 in. long, stz-aight, stiff, and yellow at the tip; sheath from ^in. to 1 in. long, white, lacerated, and be- coming short and dark with age. Cone 2 in. long, and 1 J in. broad, ovate-conical, brownish red, sessile, or with very short footstalks ; scales -l^in. long, and fin. broad. Seeds small ; with the wings fin. long. The leaves are thickly set, and inclined towards the shoot, and much lighter and more glaucous than in P. Laricio and its va- rieties, in which the foliage is of a darker green than it is in any other species of Plnus. The shoots are much more naked, the I whole tree is more open and lighter, and the large and small , branches are straighter and more distant, than in P. Laricio ; the plant is also of much less vigorous growth in British gardens. A large tree. Canada, near Lake St. John, and also in Nova Scotia and at Lake Superior ; in dry sandy soils. Height, in America, 60 ft. to 70 ft. ; in England, 20 ft. to 30 ft. Introduced in 1756. It flowers in May, and the cones are ripened in the autumn of the second year. The foliage and the cones, and even the tree altogether, bear a close ge,neral resemblance to P. Laricio ; but the different form and colour of the scales, the lighter tinge of the foliage, and, above all, the much more delicate consti- tution of the tree, appear sufficient to justify us in retaining it as a distinct species. We are certain that the trees at White Knights are the true P. rubra of Michaux ; because they were raised by Messrs. Loddiges from seeds of P. rubra, sent to them by Bartram of Philadelphia. We have also, since the above was written, received cones and leaves from Mr. M'Nab, jun., which were gathered by him in Upper Canada, in August, 1834, from trees which had been blown down, and which measured upwards of 70 ft. in lengtli. 974 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. 1810. P. mltis. i 15. P. Mi~Tis Michx. The soii-leaved, or yellow. Pine. Identification. Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer., 2. p. 204. ; N. Amer. Syl., 3. p. 12n. Synonymcs. P. variabilis Pars* Fl. Amer. Sept. p. 643. ; ? P. eohinSta Mill. Diet. No. 12. j New York Pine, Spruce Pine, Short-leaved Pine, Yellow Pine, Amer. Engravings. Michx. N. Amer. Syl., 3. t. 137 ; our Jigs. 1812. from Dropraore, and 1813. from Mi. chaux, to our asual scale ; andj%-5. 1809, 1810, and 1811., of the natural size. Spec. Char., S,-c. Leaves long, slender ; hollowed on the upper surface. Cones small, ovate-conical. Scales with their outer surface slightly prominent, and terminating in a very .small slender mucro, pointing outwards. (^Michx.) Buds, on a young tree {fig. 1809.), ^^ in. long, and TTrin. broad ; on an old tree, larger (^fig. 1810.) ; scarcely resinous. Leaves {flg. 1811. from Michaux) from 2 J in. to 4 in. long, with sheaths 1 in. long ; white, lacerated, afterwards becoming dark, slightly ringed. Cone 2 in. long, and 1 in. broad in the widest part. Seeds small; with the wing, J in. long. Young shoots covered with a violet-coloured glaucous bloom, like those of P. inops, by which it is readily distinguished from the P. variabilis of Lambert. A beautiful tree, much valued in America for its timber. New Eng- land to Georgia, in most pine forests, in various parts of the United States. Height 50 ft. to 60 ft. in America, and also in Eng- land ; with a trunk of the uniform diameter of 15 or 18 inches, for nearly two thirds of its length. Introduced in 1739. Flowers in May, and its cones are ripened in November of the second year. The branches are spreading on the lower part of the trunk, but become less divergent as they approach the head of the tree, where they are bent towards the body so as to form a summit regularly pyramidal ; butnotspacious in proportion to thedimensions of the trunk. This narrow conical appearance of the head, as compared with the spreading character of those of other species, seems to have given rise to the name of spnice pine in America. The leaves, according to Michaux, are 4i or 5 inches long, fine and flexible, hol- lowed on the upper surface, of a dark green, and united in pairs. Sometimes, from luxu- riancy of vegetation, three leaves are found in the same sheath on young shoots, but never on old branches. The P. variabilis of Lam- bert's Firms, which is made a synonyme of If this species by Pursh, S is unquestionably a to- 1811. p. mitu. tallydifferentplantfrom i»i2. p.mitii, -: % ^' '.«■ LXXVII. CONI'fERjE : pi^nus. 975 1813. P. trnds. the P. niJtis of Michaux ; being without the violet-coloured glaucous bloom on the young shoots ; having rigid leaves, generally in threes ; and a cone with very strong prickles, like that of P. Tas^da, to which species we have referred it. The only plants that we know which answer to Michaux's description of P. mitis are at Drop- more, where they are readily known by the violet- coloured glaucous bloom on the young shoots, and by the leaves being almost all in twos ; at the same time, it is proper to mention that the leaves there, though soft and slender, are much shorter than those in Michaux's figure. The name applied to this species at Dropmore is P. variabilis. There is also a plant at Dropmore named P. mitis ; but it is wholly with three leaves ; and, as far as we can ascertain (the tree not having yet borne cones), it belongs either to P. serotina, or to some variety of it. The description given by Miller of P. echinata, as having finely elongated leaves, and a cone with very slight slender prickles, agrees perfectly well with this species, as described by Michaux ; and not at all with Mr. Lambert's P. variabilis, which he de- scribes as having leaves only 2 in. long, and cones with scales having " thorny points of a strong woody texture projecting from them." i ]6. P. conto'rta Douglas. The tviisted-branched Pine. Buds roundish, with a blunt point, covered with resin, and brown. Leaves 2 in a sheath, 2 in. long ; sheath very short, imbricated, black. Cones from 2 in. to 2^ in. long ; and from f in. to 1 in. broad ; scales with the apices having a depressed lateral rib, termi- nating in a blunt point, fur- nished with a caducous mucro. The shoots are regularly and closely covered with leaves, much in the same manner as those of P. (s ) pumilio, to which the specimen sent home by Douglas, in the Horticul- tural Society's herbarium, bears a general resemblance. This pine was found by Douglas in North-west Ame- rica, on swampy ground near the sea coast ; and, abun- dantly, near Cape Disap- ^su. p.contdm. pointment and Cape Lookout. Fig. 1814. to our usual scale, and ^g. 1815. of the natural size, are from the specimens in the Horticultural Society's herbarium. 1 17. P. turbina'ta Bosc. The Top-sh'dped-coned Pine. Leaves 2 in a sheath, slightly glaucous, scarcely 1 in. long. The buds are very small, reddish, fringed, and not resinous. The cones are in whorls from 2 to 5 together, sharply pointed, longer than the leaves, with the scales almost square, and not pyramidal. Bosc thinks that it is probably a native of North America ; but his description is taken from a tree in the garden of the Petit Trianon, about 40 ft. high, the only one he had seen. He adds that its general appearance resembles that of P. mitis ; but it differs in its leaves being much shorter, and its cones being without spines. 1814. P. contorta. 976 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. § ii. Ternattx. — Leaves in a Sheath. A. Natives of North America. 1 18. P. Tmtia. L. The Frankincense, or Loblolly, Pine. Ideatificalton. Lin. Sp. PI., 1419. ; Michx. N. Amer. Syl., 3. p. 155. ; Pursh Sept., 2. p. 644. Synoni/mes. P. fbliis ternis Gron. Virg. 152. ; P. virgini^na tenulfblia trSpilis Ptuk. Aim. 297. ; White Pine, at Petersburg and liichmond^ in Virginia ; Oldfield Pine, Amer. ; Pin de I'Encens, Fr. Engravings. Lamb. Pin., ed. 2., 1. t. 1.5. ; Michx. N. Amer. Syl., t. 143. ; the plate of this tree in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. viii. ; our fig. 1819. to our usual scale ; and Jigs. 1816. to 1818. of the natural size, from the Horticultural Society, Dropmore, and Syon specimens. Spec. Char, S^c. Leaves in threes, elongated. Cones often in pairs, shorter than the leaves ; oblong, pyramidal, somewhat trun- cate at the apex ; scales v?ith sharp prickles, turned inwards. Crest of the anthers rounded. Buds, on young trees (see fig. 1816.), i inch long, and ^ inch broad ; pointed, with straight sides ; brownish red, and moi"e co- vered with resin than any other species, except Pin. Banksiarea. Buds on the full-grown tree at Syon as in Jig. 1818. Leaves (see fig. 1817.) from 5^ in. to SJ in. long, rigid, bluntly pointed, channeled in the middle, with sheaths from |. in. to 1 in. long ; brown, and faintly ringed. Cones 3 J in. to 4| in. long, and from If in. to 2 in. broad ; scales IJin. long. Seed small; with the wing, l^in. long. A large tree. Florida to Virginia, in barren sandy situations. Height 70 ft. to 80 ft. Introduced in 1713. In the climate of London, the tree flowers in May, but in Carolina it flowers in April ; and the cones ripen in the August of the second year. Varieti/. i P. T. 2 alopentrmdea Ait. Hort. Kew., ed. 2., v. p. 317. The Fox- tail Frankincense Pine. — Said to have the leaves spreading, and more squarrose than the species. Pursh is of opinion that this variety is nothing more than the P. serotina of Michaux ; but Lam- bert thinks it a variety of P. rfgida. 1817. P. Tte'da. Lxxvii. coni'ferjE : pi^yvs. 977 The leaves are broad, pointed, flat on the upper surface, and forming a ridge below ; of a fine light green, -with a sheath long and whitish at first, but becoming short, thick, and brown when old. The cones are about 4 in. in length ; and the scales ter- minate in pro- cesses which have the form of an elongated pyra- mid, somewhat in the manner of P. Pinaster; but the apex of the pyra- mid terminates in a thick and sharp prickle, somewhat in the manner of P. pungens, and turned upwards. In England, in the climate of Lon- don, Pinus Tse'da grows vigorously ; there being large trees at Syon and at Kew, which, after being 50 years planted, produce shoots of from 9 in. to 1 ft. every year, and ripen cones. 1 19. P. ri'gida Mill. The rigid, or Pitch, Pine. Identijicaiion. Mill. Diet., No. 10. ; Michx. N. Amer. Syl,, 3. p. 1.50. ; Pursh Sept., 2. p 643. Symmymes. P. Ta'da rfgida /3 Ait. Hort. Kew. 3. p. 368. ; P. canadensis trifblia T)u Ham. Arb. 2. p. 126. ; ? P. Tae'da «. Pair. Diet. .5. p. 340. ; ? three-leaved Virginian Pine, Sap Hne, black Pine ; Pin lierisse. Pin rude, Fr. Engravings. Lamb. Pin., ed. 2., 1. t. 16, 17. ; Michx. N. Amer. Syl., vol. 3. t. 144. ; the plate of this tree in Arb. Brit., Ist. edit., vol. viii, ; our^^. 1820. to our usual scale ; and figs. 1821. to 1623. of the natural size, from Dropmore specimens. 1819. P. Taj'da. 1820. P. rjgida. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves in threes. Cones ovate-oblong, in threes or fours, much shorter than the leaves ; their scales terminated by a rough thorny Doint Male catkins elongated, with the cre.st of the anthers dilated, and ^ ' 3 R 978 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. roundish. Buds, on young trees (see^g. 1821.), from ^in. to fin. long, -^ in. broad, pointed, brown, and covered with resin ; on the full-grown trees at Dropmore as in ^g. 1822. Leaves (see Jig. 1823.) from 3J in. to 4;J in. long; sheath fin. long, white at first, and afterwards becoming darker, but scarcely black. Cones from 2iin. to Sin. long, and from l:Jin. to l^in- broad; scales Ijin. long, terminating in depressed quadrilateral pyramids, ending in a prickle, pointing outwards. Seed little more than -^in. long; but, with the wing, from fin. to I- in. long. Cotyledons,?. A large tree. New England to Virginia ; in light, friable, and sandy soils. Height 70 ft. to 80 ft. Introduced in 1759. It flowers in May, and the cones are produced in the autumn of the second year. Variety. According to Mr. Lambert, P. T. olopecuroidea Ait. is a variety of P. rigida, characterised by its much shorter and stouter leaves, and its ovate-oblong, much narrower, and aggregated cones. (Lamb. Pin., ed. 2., no. 17.) We have, however, placed it under P. serotina. The pitch pine, in America, Michaux informs us, varies, ac- cording to soil and situation, from 12 or 15 feet to 70 or 80 feet in height. " The buds are always resinous ; and its triple leaves vary in length from IJin. to 7 in. according to the degree of moisture in the soil. The 1822. P. riB'"• broad at the widest part; colour a whitish brown. Cotyledons, ?. The tree throws out abundance of shoots and tufts of leaves from the dormant buds in the trunk and larger branches, more especially at places where any branches have been cut off. A large tree. Teneriffe and Grand Canary, at 5000 ft. to 7000 ft. of elevation. Height 60ft. to 70ft. Introduced ? 1759, and requiring , protection in British Gardens. This species, P. longifolia, and P. leiophylla bear a close general resemblance, and are all rather tender ; but, when the leaves and buds are examined closely, their specific difference becomes obvious. They are all readily propagated by cuttings of the young shoots which are thrown out by the trunks, planted in sand, and covered with a hand-glass, but without bottom heat. They all require protection, even in our mildest winters, and should be placed in a conservatory devoted entirely to half-hardy Ahietina;. Lambert states that this species differs from P. longifolia chiefly, in the 3s 2 1863- P. canaii^niJs. 996 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETL'M BRITANNICUM. much more depressed and straight-pointed tubercles of its cones ; those of P. longi- folia being hooked. The largest specimen of this pine that we know of is at Drop- more ; where, after having been 14 years planted, it was, in 1837, 17 ft. high. It is protected during winter in the same manner as P. longi- folia and P. leiophylla. A plant in the Trinity College Botanic Garden, Dublin, raised there about 1815, from seeds collected at TenerifFe, by tlie late Dr. Smith of Chris- tiania, attained the height of 1.5 ft. without any protec- tion, and remained uninjured till the severe spring of 1830, when the top was completely destroyed. In the early part of the summer of that year, however, the trunk threw out two or three shoots, a few inches above the collar, and, the dead part above it being cut oW, these shoots have grown vigorously ever since ; and one of them, having taking the lead, promises to make a handsome plant. t 35. P. LONGIFO^LIA Roxb. The long-leaved Indian Pine. Identification. Lamb. Pin., ed. 2., 1. 1. 26, 27. ; Royle TUust., p. 353. Engravings. Lamb. Pin., ed. 2., 1. t. 26, 27. ; Royle Illust., t. 85. f. 2. ; am fig. 1866. to our usual scale ; and figs. 1865. to 1868. of the natural size, from Royle and Lambert, and from Dropmore specimens. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves in threes, very long and slender, pendulous ; sheaths long. Cones ovate-oblong. Scales elevated at the apex, very thick, re- curved. (Lamb. Pin.) Buds, in the Dropmore specimens (see Jig. 1865.), from 1 in. to iSCl. p. canariSnsis. IJ in. long, and nearly i in. broad ; covercti with dry scales at the lower part, and abor- tive leaves ; swelling isee. p. i„„sifiiia. towards the upper part, and concavely acuminate ; white, woolly, and entirely without resin, (see Jig. 1868.) 1 ft. in length ; sheaths f in. long, white, chatfw Leaves and lace- Lxxvii. coni'ferje: PfNUS. 997 rated. Cone (see fig. 18G8.) from Sin. to 5iin. long, and 2| in. to 2f in. broad ; scale, according to ■Mr. Lambert's plate (see fig. 1867.), from U- in. to 2 in. in length. Seed, ■without the wing, |.in. long; with the wing, If in. Cotyledons, ac- cording to Lawson, about 12. A large tree. Himalayas. Introduced in 1807, and requiring protection in England. P. longifolia is a native of Nepal, on the mountains ; and also of the lower and warmer parts of India, where the tree is cultivated on ac- count of its beautiful foliage and graceful habit of growth, but where it never attains the same magnitude as on the Himalayan Mountains. It was introduced into Britain in 1801, and for house plant ; it is now found to stand the open air, but not without protection during win- ter. The largest tree in England is believed to be that at Drop- more. It was, in 1837, nearly 1 2 ft. high ; but it is covered every win- ter with a portable roof of fern, enclosed in mats, and supported by a wooden frame ; the sides being closed in with the same mate- rials, but with two doors opposite each other, to open on fine days, to promote ven- tilation. Mr. Lawson suggests that the ten- derness which is appa- rent in some individuals of this species may possibly arise from the seed from which they were laised having been produced by trees grow- ing in the warm valleys of Nepal ; and that, " by procuring seed from trees at the high- est elevation at which they are found to exist, plants might be raised sufficiently hardy to stand the climate bf Britain." p. loDRifMia. . long time was treated as a green- 1868. P. lonBif6lii 998 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. 4 36. P. Gerardz^V^ Wall. Gerard's, or the short-leaved Nepal, Pine. Identification. L.imb. Pin., ed. 2., 2. t. 79. ; Koyle lUust., p. 35D. ; Pin. Wob., p. 53. Synonymes. P. ^ebsa Govan ; eatabie-seeded Pine of the East Indies ; ? Chilghbza ElphinstonCf on the autliority o{ lioyle Illust, p. 32. ; the Neoza Pine, Penny Cyc, vol. 18, Engravings. Lamb. Pin., ed. 2., 2. t. 79.; Royle Illust., t. 86. f. 2.; Pia Wob., t. 19. ; and our Jig. 1871., from Royle, to our usual scale ; and^s. 1869. and 1870., the cone from Lambert, and the leaves from Royle, both of the natural size. Spec. Char., SfC. Leaves in threes, short; sheaths deciduous. Cones ovate-oblong ; scales thick, blunt, and recurved at the apex. {Lamb. Pin.) Leaves, in Royle's figure, from 3^ in. to 5 in. in length ; sheaths imbricate, f in. in length. p. Getaxdiina, Cone 8 in. long, and nearly 5 in. broad. Seed |^in. long, and f in. broad ; cylindrical, pointed at both ends, and of a dark brown ; eatable, like those of the stone pine. Wings short. A middle-sized tree. Nepal, on the northern face of the Himalayas, at from 5,000 ft. to 10,000 ft. of elevation. Height 30 ft. to soft. Introduced ? 1830. Apparently tender in British Gardens. LXXVII. CONI'FERjE: pi^nus. 999 Nothing is said respecting tlie timber of this tree ; but the seeds are eaten by the inhabitants of the lower parts of India, in the southern countries. This species was discovered by Captain P. Gerard, of the Bengal Native Infantry ; and named in commemoration of him by Dr. Wallich. Cones have been sent to England, by Dr. Wallich and others, at different times ; though they are often confounded with those of P. longifolia. The plant named P. Gerardiana in the Horticultm-al Society's Garden has persistent sheaths, and long slender leaves ; and is, doubtless P. longifolia ; and the same may be said of a number of plants at Messrs. Loddiges's. There are plants of the true P. Gerardian« in the Clapton Nursery, under its synonyme of P. Nebsa. 1 37. P. sine'nsis Lamb. The Chinese Pine. Jdentificaiion. Lamb. Pin., ed. 2., 1. 1. 29. ; Pin. Wob., p. 39. Synonyme. P. FKesiya Royle, a native of Nepal. See Gard. Mag.^ 1840, p. 8. jP. nepalensis i'm. Wob. ; P.Cavendishiana Hort. Engravings. Lamb. Pin., ed. 2., 1. t 29. ; Pin. Wob., t. 12. ; and our fig. 1873. to our usual scale, from a specimen of a tree at Kedleaf ; and Jigs. 1874. and 1872. of tiie natural size, the cone and leaves from Lambert, and the bud from Redleaf. 1871. P. Gerariliinii. Spec. Char., Src. Leaves in threes, rarely in twos, very slender. Male catkins short. Cones ovate ; scales truncate at the apex, without any point. Branches tubercled. Leaves squarrose, with stipular scales ; twin, or in threes, slender, spreading, semicylin- drical, mucronated, serrulated; grass green, 5 in. long; sheaths cylindrical, A in. long. INIale catkins numerous, somewhat verti- cillate, ^ in. long. Cones with very short footstalks, ovate, brownish, 2 in. long. Scales thick, woody, tetragonal at the apex, flattened, truncate, mutic. (Lamb.) Buds (see Jig. 1872.), in the Redleaf specimen, from y\^in. to -^in. in length, and about the same breadth ; bluntly pointed, with numerous fine scales of a brownish colour, and wholly without resin. Leaves from 5 in. to Si in. in length; three-sided, slender, straight, and about the same colour as those of P. Pinea. Sheaths from f in. to f in. long ; brownish, slightly membranaceous, and rigid. A large tree. China. Introd.1829, or before, and requiring pro- tection in England in very severe winters. 1873, P. slnfillMs. 1374. P. sinensis. 3s 4 1000 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. A tree at Redleaf, raised by W. Wells, Esq., from seeds received from China in 1829, was 16 ft. high in 1837, but was killed by the winter of 1837-8. i. 38. P. timorie'nsis. The Timor Pine. A tree at Boyton, which, in 1837, was 16 ft. high, after being 25 years planted, was raised from seed received by Mr. Lambert from Timor, one of the Molucca Islands. It bears a close general resemblance in the foliage and habit to P. longifolia ; but the leaves (of which there are three in a sheath) are rather more slender, and of a deeper green. 111. A. Quinaj. — Leaves 5, rarely 4, in a. Sheath. Cones with the Scales thickened at the Apex. ■a. Natives of Mexico. 39. P. Hartwe^g// Lindl. Hartweg's Pine. 1875. P. Hartwfegi'i. LXXVII. CON! FEEJE : PI NUS. iOOl P, Hamvfegii. Identification. Lindl. in Bot. Reg., M. Chron., 1839, No. 9S. i Penny Cyc, vol. 18. Engravings, Our J^a. 1875. and 1876. from speci- mens sent home by Hartweg. Spec. Char., 8[C. Leaves in fours ; secondary narrowest, primary mem- branaceous, elongate, scarious. Cones pendulous, oblong, obtuse, aggregate. Scales transverse at apex, depressed in middle, umbo- nate, and carinate ; umbo straight androunded. Seeds roundish, wedge- shaped, four times shorter than the testaceous wing. (Lindl.) A tree. Mexico, on the Campanario, be- ginning to appear where the oyamel, or j^'bies religiosa, ceases to grow, about 9000 ft. above the sea. Height 40 &. to 50 ft. Introduced in 1839, by cones sent home by Hai'tweg, from which many plants have been since raised. The leaves are almost invariably in foiu-s, and are rather more than 6 in. in length. 1 40. P. I>KrONlA''NA Lindl. The Duke of Devonshire's Pine. Idenliflcatim. Lindl. in Bot. Reg., M. Chron., 1839, No. 96. ; Penny Cyc, vol. 18. Synonymes. Pino bianco, or P. real, q^ iAe MeOTcams. Engravings. Oaxjigs. 1877, 1878. from specimens sent home by Hartweg. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves in fives, very long. Branches very thick. Cones pendu- lous, solitary, curved, ob- tuse. Scales rounded at apex, rhomboidal with a slightly elevated transverse line, dull pearly grey, ab- ruptly umbonate in middle, obtuse, smooth. Seeds ob- ovate, five times shorter than the blackish wing. {Lindl.') A large tree. Mexico, on the Ocotillo, between Real del Monte and Regla. Height 60 ft. to 80 ft. Introduced in 1839, by cones sent home by Hartweg, from which numerous plants have been since raised. The cones are from 9 in. to 10 in. long, curved, about 3 in. in diameter near the base, and tapering till they are not more than If in. broad at the point. The leaves are between 8 in. and 9 in. in length, vrilh sheaths of nearly 1 in. in length. The 1877. P. DeTOivW™. 1878. P. Di vom(i»a. LXXVII. coni'fer^: pi^nus. loot young shoots are verv nearly 1 in. in diameter, and look very like those of Pi- was palustris. This noble species of pine, worthy of the princely patron of gar- dening in honour of whom it is named, it is thought will probably prove hardy in British gardens. * 41. P. 'RvssmAJA^NA. Lindl. Russell's, or the Duke of Bedford's, Pine. Identification. Lindl. in Bot. Reg. M. Chroa, 1839, No. 97. Engravings. Our figs, 1879. and 1880. from specimens sent home by Hartweg. Spec. Char., !fc. Leaves in fives, very long. Cones elongate, horizontal, slightly drooping, verti- cillate, straightish, sessile. Scales rhomboidal at the apex, pyramidal, straight, obtuse. Seeds oblong, four times shorter than their blackish wing. (Lindl.') A large tree. Mexico, on the road from San Pedro to San Pablo, near Real del Monte. Height, ?. In- troduced in 1839, by cones sent to the Hor- ticultural Society of London by Hartweg, which have been exten- sively distributed, and from which many plants have been raised. The cones are about 7 in. long, 1 J in. broad at the base, and they termi- nate in a point j the scales are a little elevated, so as to form a small pyramid, with a somewhat promi- nent apex. The leaves are 7|in.in length, with sheaths of upwards of 1 in. in length. A very noble spe- cies, worthy of the house of Russell, and of comme- morating the publication of the, Pineium Woburn- ense. 1870. p. KtmtiVulna. 1004 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. 1880. P. BusscUiina. 1881. P. Mmteziiaa:. t 412. P. Montezu'M/S Lamb. Montezuma's, or the rowgh-branched Mexican, Pine. Identification. Lamb. Pin., !. t. 22.; Penny Cyc, vol. 18. . „,, ^ Synonyme. P. occidentalis Kunth in Humb. et Bonp. Nov. Gen. et Sp. PI. 2. p. 4., Deppe m SchlecM. Linficea 5. p. 76. Engravings. Lamb. Pin., ed. 2., 1. 1. 22. ; and ourjfgs. 1881. and 1884. from Lambert. Spec. Char., S^c. Leaves in fives, erect, triquetrous ; sheaths about 1 in. long, persistent. Cones oblong, about 9 in. long, tuberculate. {Lamb, Pin.) A tall tree. Orizaba, and other mountains of Mexico, to the height of 1 100 ft. Variety. i P. M. 2 Lindleyi {figs. 1882. and 1883., from specimens sent home by Hartweg.) — Cones with the scales flattened, or very slightly tuberculated at the tip. Found on the road to Sumate, where it grows from 40 ft. to 50 ft. high. The cones of P. MonteziimcE, which were dis- tributed by the Horticultural Society in 1839, differ so much from those of this species in Mr. Lambert's possession, and also from cones sent from Mexico to Mr. Henchman, that we have thought it advisable to keep them distinct. The cones in Mr. Lambert's possession are much tuberculated, as are also those of Mr. Henchman ; while those distributed by the Hor- ticultural Society have the tips of the scales almost flat ; and there- fore we have thought it advisable to mark the Horticultural Society's plant as a variety, till something more is known respecting it. A tall tree. Branchlets covered with thick scabrous bark. Leaves generally in fives, rarely in threes or fours ; stipular, persistent, lanceolate, much pointed, 1882. P. Monteziirartf LindlfejJ. LKXVII. CONl'FERiE : PI^'UUS. 1005 with ciliated and torn scales ; erect, waved, somewhat rigid, tri- quetrous, callous, and mucronate ; glaucous green, marked with many parallel dotted lines ; slightly bica- naiieulate above, and ilattish beneath ; 6 in, long ; angles crenu- lated, and scabrous : sheaths 1 in. to 1^ in. long, persistent : scales amentaceous, ciliate and torn on the mar- gin, bright brown. Male catkins cylindri- cal, 1 in. long, with many imbricated, oval, ciliated scales at the base. Appendage to the anthers roundish, convex, coriaceous, membranaceous on the margin, torn, and cre- nulated. Cones ob- long, tubercled, bright brown, thicker at the base, a little attenu- ated towards the apex, about 6 in. long ; scales elevated at the apex, bluntly tetragonal, truncate, very thick. \l.amh.') Mr. Lam- bert says : " Baron Humboldt has re- ferred this species to Pinus occidentalis Swartz; but I have ventin-ed to separate it, as the size 'of the cones, which may, in general, be relied on as indicating a specific distinction in this ge- nus, differs so much." Those described by Swartz are only 3 in. long, whereas those of P. MontezumtB are more than double that length. Whether this species will prove quite hardy in British gardens is not, as far as we are aware, at present ascertained. Something may doubtless be accomplished with this and other species by grafting on more hardy kinds. 1885. P. Mimlczbma LincU^yf. 1006 AKBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. 188-1. P. Montniimiz. I 43. P. macrophy'lla lAndl. The long-leaved Pine. Identification. Lindl. in Bot. Reg., M. Chron., 1839, No. 98. ; Penny Cyc, vol. 18. Engravings. Oiirjlgs. 1885, 1886. from specimens sent home by Hartweg. Spec. Char., Spc. Leaves in fives, very long. Cones straight, horizontal, ovate, elongate, solitary. Scales transverse at apex, rhomboidal, runcinate. Seed s .sub-rhomboidal, rugose, four times shorter than testaceous wing. (Lindl.') A small tree. Mexico, on the Ocotillo, one specimen only being found, of small size. Height?. Introduced in 1839 by cones sent home by Hartweg, from which plants have been raised. Differs from P. 'RusseWidna in the longer leaves, and shorter and stouter cones, the ends of the scales of which are strongly hooked backwards. They are l4 or 15 inches long, very robust, and resemble those of the Pinaster. The cones are about 6 in. long, and 3 in. broad at the base ; and the scales are hooked backwards like those of P. Coulteri, and very hard. Tlie small size of the tree, if that should be its general habit, and the great length of its leaves, would seem to render this a very remarkable species. Young plants have been raised, but whether they will prove hardy is uncertain. LXXVII. CONl'FEILiE: Pl^NUS. 1007 1SS5. i'. maciaphjWa, 1008 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. I8S7. P. Fseido-Stribus. t 44. P. Pseu'do-iStro^us Lindl. The False-Strobus, or Fake Weymouth, Pine. Identification. Lindl. in Bot. Keg., M. Chron., 1839, No. 99. Engravings, Our figs. 1887, 1888. from specimens sent home by Hartweg. Spec. Char., Src. Leaves in fives, very slender, glaucescent. Cones oval, verti- cillate, horizontal. Scales rhomboidal at apex, pyramidal, erect, straightish, with a transverse elevated line. Seeds oval, four or five times shorter than the blackish wing. (Lindl.) A tree. Mexico, at Anganguco, 8000 ft. above the sea. Height ?. Introduced in 1839, by cones sent home by Hart- weg, from which many plants have been raised. The leaves are five, and glaucous like those of the Weymouth pine ; but the cones differ in being thickened at the apex, in the manner of other Mexican pines. The cones are between 4 and 5 inches long, by ]|^in. in diameter at the middle, pointed and curved. 2 45. P. FiLiFO^LiA Lindl. The thread-leaved Pine. Identification. Lindl. in Bot. Keg, 1840, M. R., No. 132. ; Gard. Mag., 1840, p. 639. Engravings. OMrJigs. 1889, 1890. in p. 1010, 1011. from specimens sent home by Hartweg. Spec. Char., ^c. Branches rigid, thick. Scales of the bud linear, very acuminate, and with very long cilise. Leaves in fives, very long (l^ft.) acutely triangular ; sheaths long, smooth, persistent. Cones elongate, ob- tuse, 7 or 8 inches in length ; scales with lozenge-shaped, depressed, pyra^ midal apices, and terminating in a callous obtuse mucro. (Lindl.') A noble tree, with branches as stout as those of P. australis or stouter. Guatemala, on the Volcan del Fuego. Introduced in 1840 by the Horticultural Society. H. S. The leaves of this species are from 12 in. to 13 or 14 inches in length, which is longer than those of any other pine previously discovered. Abun- dance of plants of it have been raised in the Horticultural Society's Garden, and other places ; but it is to be feared that they will not prove hardy in the climate of London. Lxxvii. coni'ferje: pj^nvs. 1009 * 1888. P. Pseildrt-Mrdljus. 3 T . ISS'). p. flUlfeUs. Lxxvii. coni'ferje : pi^nus. 1011 1S90. p. (ilifjlla. i 46. p. leiophy'lla Schiede et Deppe MSS. The smooth-leaved Pine. Ideniification. Lamb. Tiii., ed. 2., 1. 1. 21. ; Penny Cyc, vol. 18. Synonyme. Ocote chino, in Mexico. Engravinf^s. Lamb. Pin., ed. 2., 1. 1. 21. ; and our^g-. 1891. from Lambert's flpire ; and figs. 1892. 1893. from a spe- cimen sent home by Hartweg. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves in fives, very slender ; sheaths deciduous Cones ovate, stalked. 1891. P. lelophylk. 1892. P. letoph^llfl. Scales depressed, truncate. (Lamb. Pin.) Bud closely resembling that of P. canariensis (fig. 1861. in p. 99i.). Leaves, in the Drop- more and Boyton specimens, from 5 in. to 6 in. in length, very slen- 3t 2 1012 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. der, and pendent, closely set on the branches, and forming large tufts at the extremities of the shoots. The stem and old wood readily emit leaves and shoots from adventitious buds. A large tree, with the habit of P. Strobus, but not the cones of that species. Mexico, between Cruz- blanca and Jalacinga, in the cold region, 7000 ft. above the sea. Height 60 ft. to 100 ft. Intro- duced ? 1800. Cones were extensively distributed by the Horticul- tural Society in 1839. The timber is said to be valuable, but to resist the plane. Mr. Lambert sent seeds to Drop- more, where there are three plants raised from them ; one of which was, in 1837, 6 ft. high, and had stood out six years without any protection ; and two others 12 ft. and 14 ft. high, which are covered every winter in the same manner as P. longifolia, and which have been more in- jured than those which were left without protection. t 47. P. ooca'rpa Schiede. The Egg-shaped-coned. Pine. Identification. Schlecht. in Linnsea, vol. xii. p. 491. ; Penny Cyc, vol. 18. Engravings. Our figs. 1894. to 1897. from specimens sent home by Hartweg ; and jig. a young plant raised in 1839. 1893. P. leiophylla. 1891. P. oBc&rpa. 1895. P.oOc&rpa. ^pec. Char., ^c. Leaves five in a sheath, from Sin. to 11 in. long. Cone Lxxvii. coni'ferje : pi^nus. 1013 snort, broad at the base, and pointed at the ex- tremity. Scales at the apex tolerably elevated and equal-sided, and sometimes of an irregular four- cornered or many-cornered shape ; elevated bands run from the middle point to the corners, so that the whole apex of the scale looks slightly pyramidal. Cones 2iin. to 2|-in. long, and If in. to 2 in. broad. (Schlecht.) A tree. Mexico. Height 30 ft. to 40 ft. Introd. 1839, and rather tender in British gardens. P. oocarpoides Benth. — Cones distributed by Hort. Soc. in ISil, but whether more than a mere variation of P. oocarpa appears to us very doubtful. 3t 3 1014 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM, t 48. P. apulce'nsis Lindl. The Apulco Pine. Identifkalion. Lindl. in Bot. Reg. M. Chron., 1839, No. 100. Snnonyme. P. acapulcensis G. Don in Sweet*s Hort Brit. ed. 3. p. 769. Engravings. Onr Jigs. 1899, 1900. from specimens sent home by Hartweg. 1899. P. apnlc^iuia. LXXVIl. coni'fer^ : pf nus. 1015 Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves in fives, slender, short. Branches glaucous. Cones pendulous, verticillate, ovate, acute. Scales rhomboidal, pyra- midal, straight, sometimes prolonged and contracted in the middle. Seeds oval, four times shorter than the linear wing. (Lindl.) A tree. Mexico, near Apulco, in ravines. Height 50 ft. Introduced in 1839, by cones sent home by Hai'tweg, from which many plants have been raised. 1900. p. apulc^nsis. The short leaves and very glaucous shoots, the ovate cones, covered closely with py amidal elevations, which are sometimes prolonged and contracted in the middle, especially those near the points of the cones, readily distinguish this from all other species. The leaves are 6 in. long. The cones are about 4 in. long, being rather larger than a hen's egg ; the backs of the scales are sometimes prolonged into a hook, par- ticularly those nearest the base and the point. b. Natives of the West Indies. f 49. P occidenta"i:.is Swartz, The 'West-Indian Pine. Identification. Swartz Prod., 103. ; H. B. et KunCh N. Gen., 2. p. 4. ; Linnaea, vol. v. p. 76. ; Lamb. Pin., ed. 2., 1. 1. 23. Synonymes. P. fbliis quinis, &c,. Plum. Cat. 17. ; X^Hx americ^na Tourn. Inst. 586. ; Ocote, Engravings. Lamb. Pin., ed. 2., 1 . t. 23. ; N. Du Ham., h. t. 72. f. 2. ; and omfig. 1901. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves in fives, pale green, slender ; sheaths persistent. Cones conical, half the length of the leaves ; scales thickened at the apex, with "very small mucros. (Lois.) St. Domingo, in the quarter of Saint Suzanne, on mountains where snow occasionally falls ; and where it grows to the height of from 25 ft. to 30 ft., with leaves 6 in. long, of a fine green, and cones somewhat larger than those of P. sylvestris. A very doubtful species, but we have retained it, as we have done some others of the same kind. Q rn J. 1901 P. ocddentaii! 1016 ARBORETUM ET ERUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. B. Cones with the Scales not thickened at the Apex. a. Natives of Europe and Siberia, t 50. P. Ce'mbra L. The Cembran Pine. Menliflcation. Lin. Sp. PI., 1419. ; Pall, Fl. Ross., 1. p. 3. Synonymes. P. fbliis quinis, &c., Gmel. Sib. 1. p. 179. ; P. satlva Amm. Ruth. p. 178. ; P. sylv^s- tris, &c., Baud. Pin. 491.; i*. sylvestris C^mbro Cam. Epit. p. 42. ; i^rix sempervirens, &c., Breyn. in Act. Hat. Cur. Cent. 7, 8. ; PinSster Aleiio, &c., Bell. Conifer, p. 20. b. 21. ; Tx'da ^rbor, Cembro Italbrum, Dale Hist. 1. p. 47. ; Aphernousli Pine, five-leaved Pine, the Siberian Stone Pine, the Swiss Stone Fine ; Aroles, m Sai'oy j Alvie?, in Swiixerland j Cembra, in Dau- phine ; Ceinbrot, Eouve, Tinier, Fr. ; Ziirbelkiefer, Ger. ; Pino Zimbro, Ital. ; Kedr, B,u&s. (see Pall. Fl. Boss.) Engravings. Pall. Ross., 1. t. 2. ; Lamb. Pin., ed. 2., 1. t. 30, 31. ; the plate of this tree in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. vlii. ; our^. 1905. to our usual scale, j?^s. 1902. to 1904. of the natural size, all from Dropmore specimens. Spec. Char., S;c. Leaves in fives ; sheaths deciduous. Cones ovate, erect, about as long as the leaves, and having, when young, the scales pubescent; the wings of the seed obliterated ; anthers having a kidney-shaped crest. Buds, in the Dropmore specimens, from i in. to J in. broad ; globose, with a long narrow point ; white, and without resin ; not surrounded by smaller buds (see^/fg. 1902.). Cones about Sin. long, and 2^ in. broad. Scales 1 in. long, and about the same width in the widest part. Seed larger than that of any other European species of Pinus, except P. Pinea, ^ in. long, and .^if'in. broad in the widest part, somewhat triangular, and wedge-shaped ; without wings, probably fiom abortion ; and having a very hard shell, containing an eatable, oily, white kernel, agreeable to the taste. Cotyledons 11 to 13 (see /g. 1903.). A tall tree. Switzerland and Siberia. Height 50 ft. to 80 ft. Introduced in 1746. It flowers in May, and ripens its cones in the November of the following year. Varieties. t P. C. 1 sibirica. P. Cembra Lodd. Cat. ed. 1837 ; Kedr, Pall. ; Cedar of some authors ; the Siberian Stone Pine, or Siberian Cedar, Hurt. — The cones are said to be longer, and the scales larger, than ill the Swiss variety ; the leaves are, also, rather shorter ; and the plant is of much slower growth in England. t P. C. 2 pygmts^a. P. C, pumila Pall. Soss. ; Slanez, Eiiss. — Ac- cording to Pallas, the trunk of this variety does not exceed 2 in. in thickness, and it is rarely above 6 ft. in height ; the branches being not more than 1 in. in diameter. Some specimens are much lower in height, prostrate, and shrubby. t P. C. 3 helvetica Lodd. Cat. ed. 1836. The Swiss, Cembran, or Stone, Pine. — Cones short and roundish, with close scales; and the plants of more vigorous growth than the Siberian variety ; the wood, also, is said to be more fragrant. This is much the com- monest form of P. Cembra in British gardens. In England, P. Cembra is an erect tree, with a straight trunk and a smooth bark. When standing singly, it is regularly furnished to the summit with whorls of branches, which are more persistent than the branches of most other species of A\n€tm?£. The leaves are from 3 to 5 in a sheath, three- ribbed ; the ribs serrated, one of them green and shining, and the other two white and opaque. In most species of pine, it has been observed that during winter the leaves incline more towards the shoots which produce them than in summer, as if to prevent the snow from lodging on them ; and this is said to be much more conspicuously the case with the leaves of P. Cembra than with those of any other species. The male catkins are red, and appear at the base of the young shoots. According to Lambert, the flowers have a more beautiful appearance than in any other species of pine, being of a bright purple ; and the unripe full-grown cones, he says, have a bloom upon them like that of a ripe Orleans plum. The tree is of remarkably slow growth in LXXVII. CONI FERiE : PI NUS. 1017 1904. P. CAnbra. every stage of its progress, more especially when young ; seldom advancing more, even in rich soils, than 1 ft. in a year. The wood of P. Cemhra is very soft ; and its grain is so fine, that it is scarcely perceptible. It is very resinous, which is the cause of its agreeable fragrance. It is not commonly large enough to be used in carpentry ; but in joinery it is of great value, as it is remarkably easy to be worked, and is of great durability. In Switzerland, it is very much used by turners ; and the shepherds of the Swiss Cantons, and of the Tyrol, occupy their leisure hours in carving out of it numerous curious little figures of men and animals, which they sell in the towns, and which have found their way all over Europe. The wood is much used for wainscoting; having not only an agreeable light brown appearance, but retaining its odour, according to Kasthofer, for centuries. In Switzerland, the seeds are used in some places as food, and in others as an article of luxury. Though the Cembran pine will grow in the poorest soils, and in the most elevated and exposed situations, where no other pine or fir will exist, yet it will not grow rapidly, except in a ,505. ^. ccmbra. 1018 ARBORETUM ET FKU'l'ICETUM BRITANNICUM. free soil, somewhat deep, and with a dry subsoil. All the varieties are pro- pagated from imported seeds, which may be sown in the same autumn in which they are received ; or, perhaps, kept in a rot heap for a year, as they lie two winters and one summer in the ground before germinating. The plants grow exceedingly slowly for 4 or 5 years, seldom attaining in that period a greater height than from 1 ft. to 2 ft. When they are to be removed to any distance, they are best kept in pots ; but, the roots being small and numerous, lai'ge plants of P. Ccmbra transplant better (when they are not to be carried to too great a distance) than most other species of Pinus. b. Natives of North America. • 1 51. P. Stro'bus L. The Strobus, or Weyynoutk, Pine. Iiientification. Lin. Sp. PI., 1419.; Pursh Fl. Amer. Sept., 2. p. 644. Synonymf^. P. f61iis quinis. &c., Gron. Virg. 2. p. 152. ; P. canadensis quinquefblia Du Ham. Arb. 2. p. 1 27. ; P. virgini^'na Pluk. Aim. p. 297. ; Zirix canadensis Tourn. Jnst. p. 586. ; New England Pine, white Pine, Pumpkin Pine, Apple Fine, Sapling Pine, Amer. ; Pin du Lord, Pin du Lord Wej-mouth, Fr. En^ravin^s. IWichx. N. Amer. Syl., 3. t. 145.; the plate of this tree in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. viii. ; and our./^s. 1906. to 1908. from specimens from Whitton. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves slender, without sheaths. Male catkins small. Cone cylindrical, long, and pendulous. (^Michx.^ Buds from -^ in. to \ in. long, and from -Jg-in. to -^in. broad; ovate, pointed, and slightly re.sinous; ^ surrounded by one or two small buds. (See_/?g. 1906.) Leaves from 3 in. to 3i in. long. Cone (see_;%. 1908.) fi'om 5 in. to 6 in. long, and from IJin. to If in. broad, on a peduncle f in. long ; scales (see fig. 1907.) 1^ in. long, and from f in. to f in. broad. Seed -^ in. long, and yV in. broad ; obovate, pointed below, with a wing which, including the seed, is about 1 in. long, and \ in. broad, in the widest part. Cotyledons 6 to 10. A large tree. Ca- nada to Virginia, in fertile soil on the sides of hills. Height 50 ft. to 80 ft., rarely 150 ft. Introduced in 1705. Flow- ering in April, and ripening its cones in October of the second year. Varieties. I P. S. 2 alba Hort. — Leaves and bark much whiter than the species. Horticultural Society. 1 P. S . 3 Irevifblia Hort. — Leaves shorter. S P. S. 4 compressa Booth. P. S. nova Lodd. Cat. ed. 1836; FloetbeckWeymouth Pine. — Also much shorter in the leaf, and probably the same as P. S. brevi- folia. The wood of this tree is remarkably white when newly sawn into planks ; whence the common Ame- rican name for it of white 1907. r. Slr6bus. 190S. P. Strobus, LXXVII. CONI FERiE : PI NUS. 1019 pine. The rate of growth in Britain is, except in very favourable situations, slower than that of most European pines. Nevertheless, in the climate of London, it will attain the height of 12 or 13 feet in 10 years from the seed When planted singly, like most other pines, it forms a branchy head ; but, when drawn up among other trees of the same species, it has as clear a trunk in Britain as in America. The wood is more employed in America than that of any other pine, serving exclusively for the masts of the numerous vessels constructed in the northern and middle states. The soil and situation ought to be favourable, otherwise the tree will not thrive. Seeds ai'e procured in abundance ; and the plants, when sown in spring, come up the first year, and may be treated in the nursery like those of the Scotch pine. I 52. P. (5.) LAMBERT7.i^;^/( Dougl. The gigaHft'c, 0)' Lambert's, Pine. Ulentification. Dougl. inLiD. Trans , 15. p. 500. ; Lamb. Pin., ed. 2., 1. 1. 34. Engravings. Lamb. Pin., ed. 2., t.34. ; ourjig. 1911,, to our usual scale, mi Jigs. 1909, 1910. 1912. of the natural size ; rhe cone and scale from Douglas's spe- cimens in the Horticultural Society's herbarium, and the buds and leaves from the tree in the Horticultural Society's Garden. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves in fives, rigid, roughish ; sheaths very short. Cones thick, very long, cylindrical ; scales loose, jft^ roundish. (Douglas.) Buds, in the W specimen from the Horticultural mr Society's Gai-den, i in. long, and i in. broad ; roundish, pointed, and with 3 smaller buds. (See Jig. 1909.) Leaves 2} in. to 3 in. long ; in Douglas's specimens, 4-Jin. and 5 in. long. Cones from 1 4 in. to 16 in. long, and said to be some- times 18 in. long, and 4 in. in di- '™'" ameter in the widest part ; scales lA in. wide, and nearly 2 in. long. Seed large, oval, % in. long, and nearly a in. broad ; dark brown ; wing dark brown, and, with the seed. If in. long, and Jin. broad in the widest part. A gigantic tree of the range of the Kocky Mountains, co- vering large districts. Height 150 ft. to 200 ft. rarely 215 ft. Intro- duced in 1827. It has not yet flowered in Eng- land". Native of the north-west coast of North America, where it was discovered by Mr. Douglas ; and in- troduced into England in 1827. The species to which this pine is most nearly allied, Douglas observes, is undoubtedly P. Stro- bus, from which, how- ever, it is extremely different in station, habit, laii, p. i.s-.ii,i.miier««,w. 1910. p. is.) Lambertidna. California, upon low hills, east 1020 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. 1912. F. (S., Lamberlidna. year; but it is remarkaWe th^f fh» ' . "** distributed m the following generaUywhen therwere aboat 4 n J f ^^^^^ part of them have since died! the species does not aonear ?f ht \ " '" ''^'S'''- Notwithstanding this resin which exudes from the .^tr'. '"""'t '^"^^' *^" ^- ^trobus. The xuaes t,om the tiees, when they are partly burned, loses its Lxxvii. coni'fee^: pi^nus. 1021 usual flavour, and acquires a sweet taste ; in which state it is used by the natives as sugar, being mixed with their food. The seeds are eaten roasted, or are pounded into coarse cakes for their winter store. H. S. 1 53. P. (5.) MONTi'coLA Dougl. The Mountain, or short-leaved Weymouth, Pine. Identification. Lamb. Pin., ed. 2., vol. 2., 3. t. 87. Engravings. Lamb. Pin., 3. t. 87. ; and our j^s. 1913. and 1914. from Douglas's specimens in the herbarium of the Horticultural Society. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves in fives, short, smoothish, obtuse, drical and smooth ; scales loose and pointed. (Z). Don.) plant in the Lon- don Horticultural Society's Garden, small, resembling those of P. Lam- bertiana. Leaves from 3^ in. to 4 in. long, without the sheaths. Cone, from Douglas's specimen, 7 in. long, and If in. broad; rather ob- tuse at the point : scales fin. broad at the widest part, and from 1 f in. to 2 in. long, and co- vered with resin. Seed small, ys-iD- long, and ^ in. broad ; with the wing, IJ in. long, and A in. broad. Cotyledons, ?. A tree. High moun- tains, at the Grand Rapids of the Co- lumbia river ; and in California, on the rocky banks of the Spokan river. Height (?). Intro- duced in 1831; but there are only very small plants in England. Except in its much shorter and smoother leaves, this species differs but little from P. iStrobus, of which it may prove to be only a variety ; but, until an opportunity occurs of examining the male catkins, and wi.i. p. ^s.) montioou. Cones Buds, cylin- in the 1022 AKBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. ascertaining other particulars, it is considered best to keep it distinct. Judging from the appearance of the specimens sent home by Douglas, the tree must abound in resin. Among Douglas's specimens, there is a va- riety with i-ed cones, from which no plants have yet been raised. ItlM. 2^. (S.) itionticola. c. Natives of Nepal and Biexico^ t 54. P. (S.) exce'lsa Wallic/i. The lofty, or Bhotan, Pine. Identification. Wall, PI. As. Rar., t. 201. ; Lamb. Pin., 1. t, 33. Synonyraes. P. Dicksfln« Hort. ; Chllla, or Chylla, Himalayas ; Kuel, Sirmone 8; Gurhuml; Lemshing, Bhotea ; Rae- sula, or King of the Firs, Hindostan. Engravings. Wall. PI, As. Rar., t. 201. ; Lamb. Pin., 1. t. 33. ; our Jig. 1918. to our usual scale, and figs. 191,5, 1916, 1917, of the nat, size, from Wallich, Lambert, and from living specimens. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves in fives, very long, and slender, loose. Crest of the anthers roundish, truncate ; simple, lace- rated. Cones cylindri- cal, smooth, pendulous, longer than the leaves. ( Wall.) Buds, on the tree in the Horticultu- ral Society's Garden, i in. long and y\. in. broad ; conical, with straight sides, and pointed. (Fig. 19)5.) Leaves rather more than 6 in. long. Cone 9 in. long, and 2 in. broad, with a foot- stalk 1 in. long; scale If in. long, and li in. broad. Seeds -f^ in. long, and f in. broad ; with the wing, IJ in. long, and f in. broad. A large tree. Nepal, on mountains. Height 90 ft. to 120 ft. Introduced in 1823. It flowers in May, and ripens its cones in the autumn of the second year. Lxxvii. coni'fer^: pi^nus. 1023 Pinus excelsa, Mr. Lambert observes, ap- proaches so near in habit, and in the shape of its cones, to P. Stro- bus, that, were it not 1918. P. IS.) eicfilEa. for the siniple, round, membranaceous crest of the anthers, it would be almost impossible to dis- tinguish thern specifi- . caliy. The leaves are 'onger than in P. iStrobus, and the cones are thicker. Dr. Rojle makes a similar remark as to the resemblance of this tree to P. iStrobus, and adds " that it is remarkable for its drooping branches, whence it is frequently called the ' weeping fir,' by travellers in the Himalayas." The rate of growth of this tree, in the climate of London, appears to be nearly the same as that of P. 5tr6bus, and it seems equally hardy. 1 55. P. Ayacahui^te C. vol. Ehrenb. The Ayacahuite Pine. Identification. Schlecht. in Linnsa, p. 492. ; Gard. Mag., 1839, p. 129. Synonymes. Plfiones. It is 60 called because it was believed that the Ayacahuite, the abo- riginal uame of this species, had originated in P. Piflones (P. Llaverinfl). Engravings. Onrfigs. 1919, 1920. from a specimen sent home by Hartweg. Spec. Char., S^c. Leaves in fives, on small spur-hke protuberances, which, when very close together, make the twig look stunted and very crooked. Leaves from 3 in. to 4 in. long, and about ^ of a line broad ; flat on the back, but with a sharp projecting keel-like midrib, and two furrows. The leaves are whitish when young, with sharp thickened small teeth, not very close together, in the mar- gin towards the points. Cones more than 1 ft. long, and 3 in. in diameter at the base, and tapering towards the point , some much 1919. i-. Ayacahuite. 1024 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. 1920. /-. Ayacahuitr LXXVU. CONl'FERiE: ^^BIES. 1025 longer than others The scales are about 2 in. long, standing open, with their points more or less bent down- wards ; the rhomboidal surface is much longer than ic is broad, inter- sected by many wrinkles lengthwise, of a dull greenish and yellowish brown colour. Seed winged, I in. long, and from 8 to 12 lines broad at the top, where it is broadest. It is small in proportion to the cone. The wing has almost the appearance of the upper wings of many small moths, being brownish, with dark stripes running length- wise. (Schlecht.) A large tree. Mexico, at Omitlan, near Hacienda de Guerrero, and other places. Height 100 ft. Introd. to H. S. Gard. in 1840 by Hartweg. A great deal of resin exudes from the whole cone, as in Pinus lytrobus, to which this species is nearly allied; but it differs in the points of the scales, which in this species are bent downwards, whereas in P. ^trobus they are bluntly rounded, obtuse, and stand upright. 1921. /'. AyacahiMe, Genus II. j13IES D. Don. The Spruce Fih. Lin. Si/st. Monoecia Monadelphia. Jdentijication, D. Don in Lamb. Tin., vol. iii. S/ymitvymei. PinuB of Lin. and others, in part ; PIcea hink in Abhatid. Konfg. Akad. Wissens. Berlin, p. 179. for 1827, (tiie ancients called tiie silver fir .4'bies, and the spruce fir Picea ; but, by some inadvertence, Linnsua reversed these names : Professor Link has restored them in the essay quoted, but we have not thought it advisable to depart from the customary nomenclature, by following him) ; .4*bies of Tourn,, Mill., and others, in part ; Picea of the ancients ; Sapiu gpicea, Pr. ; Fichtenbaum, Ger. ; Abete, Itai. ; Abieto, Span. Derivation. From abeo, to rise ; alluding to the aspiring habit of growth of the tree : or, according to some, from a^ias, a pear tree ; in allusion to the form of the fruit. Gen. Char. The same as Pinus : but with the cones pendent, and less de- cidedly grouped ; the strobiles cylindrically conical ; the carpels not thick- ened at the tip ; and the leaves solitary, partially scattered in insertion, and more or less 2-ranked in direction. Carpels and bracteas adhering to the axis of the strobiles. (Z). Don.) 3 u 1026 ARBORETUM F.T FRUTICEl'UM BRITANNICUM. Leaves simple, 2-rowed, exstipulate, evergreen ; linear. Flowers in cat- kins, the males yellowish. — Trees evergreen ; natives of Europe, Asia, and America ; remarkable for their tall, erect, pyramidal forms, and profusion of foliage. One or more species are useful, and the rest ornamental. In Britain, they flower in May and June, and ripen their cones in the spring of the following year. All the species bear seeds at a comparatively early age ; and all of them may be readily propagated by cuttings taken oiF in the .spring, according to Dumont De Courset ; or in autumn, according to the practice of British gardeners. All the species hitherto introduced are quite hardy in British gardens. Our arrangement of the species in British gardens is as under : — § i. Leaves tetragonal, awl-shaped, scattered in insertion. A. Natives of Europe and the Caucasus. 1. excelsa. 2. orientalis. 3. obovata. B. Natives of North America. 4. alba. S. nigra. 6. (n.) rubra. C. Native of Nepal. 7. Khutrow. ^ ii. Leaves flat, generally glaucous beneath, imperfectly 2-rowed. D. Natives of North America, 8. Douglasi'i. 9. Menziesw. 10. canadensis. E. Native of Nepal. 1 1 . dumosa. f i. Leaves tetragonal, awl-shaped, scattered in insertion. A. Natives of Europe and the Caucasus. i \. A. exce'lsa Dec. The lofty, or Norway, Spruce Fir. Identiftcation. Dec. Fl. Fr., 3. ; Poir. Diet. Encyc, 6. p. 518. ; N. Du Ham., G. p. 289. Synonymes. A. coipmOnis Hort. \ ^"bies PIcea Mill. Diet. No. 2. ; Plnus ji^bies Lin. Sp. Fl. 1421. j P. Picea Dm Hot Harbk. sd. Pott., 2. p. 156. ; P. excelsa Lavt. Fl. Fr. ed ]. 2. p. 202. : Picea vulgaris Link in Ahhand. p. 180. ; common Spruce, Prussian Fir ; faux Sapin, E'picea, Sapin- Pesse, Serente, Sapin gentil. Finesse, Fr. ; Lafle, in ike Vosges ; gemeine rothe Tanne, gemeine fichte, Ger. ; Pezzo, Abete di Germania, or di Norvegia, Ital. Engravings. Lamb. Pin., ed. 2., 1. t. 3.5. ■, N. Du Ham., 6. t. 80. ; the plates of this tree in Arb. Brit, 1st edit., vol. viii. ; and our ^. 1923. Spec. Char., 4'c. Leaves scattered, quadrangular. Cones cylindrical, terminal, pendent ; scales naked, truncate at the summit, flat. Crest of the anthers rounded. (Lois.) Cone from Sin. to 7 in. long, and from IJ- in. to 2 in. broad ; scale from 1 in. to I^in. long, and from ^in. to Jin. broad. Seed very small, scarcely | in. long, and .^ in. broad ; with the wing, J in. long, and i in. broad. Cotyledons 7 to 9. A lofty tree. North of Europe, more particularly Norway. Height 80 ft. to 100 ft. Cultivated since 1348. It flowers in May ; its cones are ripened in the spring of the following year, soon after which they commence shedding their seeds. Varieties. t A. e. I conimiinis. The common Spruce, or White Fir of Norway. — The foliage is shorter, more slender, and lighter-coloured, than in the following form ; though the diflerence may be in part owing to soil and situation, t A. e. 2 nigra. The black-leaved Spruce, or Red Fir of Norway. — There is a tree in Studley Park, known there as the black spruce, of which a portrait is given in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol. viii. In the foliage, it answers to the description given of the red fir of Norway ; its leaves being very thick, strong, and dark-coloured ; its bark red ; and its cones longer than those of the common spruce. The leaves, in the specimen sent to us, are 1 J in. in length ; and the cones from 5^ in. to 6 in. long, and from IJin. to l^in. broad. The scales (see LXXVII. CONl'PERiE : ^'bies. 1027 fig. 1922.) are much more pointed than those of the common spruce, and longer. I A, ij. 3 carpatica. A. carpatica Hort. — This variety has vigorous shoots, and foliage as dense and long as that of the preceding, but lighter. • A e. 4. pendula. A. communis pendiila Booth. — Dis- tinguished from the species by the drooping habit of its branches; and also by the darker glossy green colour, and greater length, of its leaves. • A. e. bfoliis vaiiegdtis. — Leaves blotched with yellow, and a more compact dwarf-growing tree than the species. • A. e. 6 ClaTibrasiliAna.. — A low, compact, round bush, igi.^. ^. j. ^^^^ seldom seen higher than 3 or 4 feet, and never, that we have heard of, producing either male or female blossoms. The annual shoots are from I in. to 4 in. in length ; the leaves from i in. to ^ in. long, and their colour is lighter than in the species. ■ A. e. 7 Clanbrasiliana. stricta. — More erect than the preceding variety. • A. a> Lxxvii. coni'fer^: arauca'ria. 1063 scale, that is, a sixth part of the natural size. Fig. 1978. is a portion of a cone of the natural size. Fig. 1981. a is a seed with the scale and wing of the natural size, and b is the kernel ; and fig. 1982 is a leaf of the natural size. ^ec. Char., S^c. Leaves in eights, imbricated, ovate-lanceolate, with per- sistent mucros. (Pav.} An evergreen tree. Cordilleras, in Chili. Height 50 ft. to 100 ft., rarely 150 ft. Introduced in 1796, and flowering from September to November. 1979. A. imbricata : fern, catkin, young. 1980. A. Imbricata; fern, catkin, fullgrovn. A very remarkable tree ; the female of which, according to Pavon, is about 150 ft. high, while the male is seldom more than 40 or 50 feet high. The trunk is quite straight, and without knots, with a strong arrow-like leading shoot, pushing upwards. It is covered with double bark, the inner part of which, in old trees, is 5 or 6 inches thick, fungous, tenacious, porous, and light ; and from it, as from almost every other part of the tree, resin flows in great abundance ; the outer bark is of nearly equal thickness, resembling cork cleft in diflferent directions, and equally resinous with the inner bark. In young trees, the bark of the trunk is studded with leaves from the base of the tree upwards, which re- main attached for 12 or 15 years. The branches are produced in whorls of 6, 7, and some- times 8, in a whorl, the greater number being nearest the ground ; and the branches diminish in length as they ascend higher up the tree ; till, at the top, they terminate in a kind of pyramidal head. They are horizontal, inflexed, and ascending at the extremities. These large horizon- tal arms, clothed with closely imbri- cated leaves, resemble, in young trees, snakes partly coiled round the trunk, and stretching forth their long slender bodies in quest of prey. The leaves are sessile somewhat thickened at the base, ovate-lanceolate, stiff, straight, somewhat 'keel-shaped below, and strongly mucronate at the apex ; verticil- late with 7 or Sin a whorl; imbricate, and closely encircling the branches; concave, rigid, glabrous, shining, marked with longitudinal lines, dotted on 3 v 4 19S2. A. imbrickta. 1064 AKiJORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. 1983. A imbricfita male. both sides ; leathery, with a car- tilaginous mai-gin, and remaining attached to the tree for several years. The male and female cat- kins are on separate trees ; the males are 6 or 7 in a cluster, pedunculate, terminal, yellow, and oval, with numerous scales ; imbricated, long, and recurved at the points : the female catkins are oval, with numerous imbricated wedge-shaped scales, with narrowed oblong brittle points ; and they are produced at the ends of the branches, where they look at first sight like an unnatural thicken- ing of the leaves. The cones, when fully ripe, are globular, from 3 in. to 4 in. in diameter, and of n dark brown coloui'. The scales ai'e deciduous, and easily detached. The seeds are 2 to each scale, wedge-shaped, and very large, being more than ] in. long, with a thick hard shell surrounding an eatable kernel : wings short and obsolete, tree has its leaves somewhat differently shaped from those of the and very much resembling those of A. brasiliana in shape, though of a different texture and co- lour. The wood is red where it has been affected by the forest fires ; but otherwise it is Aihite, and towards the centre of the stem bright yellow. It yields to none in hardness and solidity, and might prove valu- able for many uses, if the places of growth of the tree were less inaccessible. Of the rate of growth of this tree in its native country very little is stated by travellers. It is probably slow, as appears to be the case with plants in the climate of Lon- don ; though scarcely any of these have yet had full justice done to them. Young plants established in the open ground at Dropmore and Bayfordbury make shoots, occasionally, of above a foot in length. It may be remarked of the araucaria mi. A.imbriciita; atKi^iniss?. 1984. A. imbricita : female. The female male tree. ■LXXVII. CONI'fER^ ! CUNNINGHA^M/X 1065 in Britain, tliat young plants sometimes remain a whole year without making any shoot what- ever ; and that, at other times, the same plants require two years to perfect one shoot, that is, the shoot continues slowly increasing in length from the midsummer of one year to that . of the year following. The treatment of this tree, when raised from seeds, may be con- sidered in all respects the same as that of the cedar ; regard being had to the different size of the seeds, which will, of course, require a thicker cover- ing. Abundance of seeds have lately been imported, from which many young plants have been raised, and extensively distri- buted. Fig. 1986. shows the manner in which the seeds ger- minate ; a, the first appearance of the radicle ; b, the plumular, or young, shoot, in an advanced state. A. brasiliana Rich., A. ex- celsa Ait., and A. Cunninghamjj Ait., are half-hardy species, which will be found described at length, accompanied by nu- merous figures, in our first edition, p. 1440. to p. 1445. 1986. A. imbric&ta. Genus VII. CUNNINGHA~M7^ R. Br. The Cunninghamia. Lin. Syst. MonceVia Monadelphia. Synonymes. Pinus Lamb.^ BSlis Salish. Derivation. Named, by Mr. Brown, in honour of Mr. James Cunningham, " an excellent observer in his time, by whom this plant was discovered ; and in honour of Mr. Allan Cunningham, the very deserving botanist who accompanied Mr. Oxley in his first expedition into the interior of New South Wales, and Captain King in all his voyages of survey of the coast of New Holland." {Bot. Mag., t. 2743.) Gen. Char. Male flowers in grouped catkins. Pollen contained in 3 cases that depend from the scale. Female with 3 ovules. Strobile ovate. Leaves simple, alternate, exstipulate, evergreen ; solitary, scattered in msertion, more or less 2-ranked in direction ; flat, acuminate, and serrulate. — Only one species has been discovered, which is an evergreen moderate sized tree, a native of China. 1 1. C. sine'nsis Rich. The Chinese Cunninghamia, or broad-leaved Chinese Fir. Identification. Rich. Conif., p. 149. t. 18. ; Lamb. Pin., ed 2., 2. t. 63. Synonymes. Belis jaculifblia Salisb. in Lin. Trans. 8. p. 316. ; Pinus lanceol^ta Lamb. Mjncg ed. 1. t, 34. ; Cunninghanw'o lanceolSta R. Br. ; Araucaria lanceoUta Hort. 1066 AEBORETUM ET FRUmCETUM BKITANNICUM. Rich. Conif., t. 18. j Lamb. Monog., ed. 1., t. 34. ; Lamb. Pin., ed. 2., t. US,; our J^. 1987T to our usual scale ; and.^g. 1988. of the natural size. Spec. Char., ^c. Leaves sessile, deflexed, and spreading in every direction, IJin. long; lanceolate, much pointed, rigid, flat, quite entire, somewhat scabrous on the margin. Male catkins terminal, fascicled, cylindrical, scarcely 1 in. long. Cones about the size of a walnut, sessile, drooping, globose, smooth. Scales ovate- acuminate, coriaceous, sharply denticulated on the margin. Branches for the most part vefticillate, spreading horizon- tally. {Lamb.) A middle-sized evergreen tree. China. Height 30 ft. to 40 ft. Introduced in 1804, and rather tender in British gardens. 1987. C. Binensis. 1988. C. sinensis. For many years this tree was kept in the green-house; but, in 1816, a plant was turned out into a sheltered part of the pleasure-ground at Claremont, where it has continued to live without protection ; and, though injured more or less by severe winters, it was, in 1837, 18 ft. high, the diameter of the trunk 7 in., and of the head 16 ft., which height it had not exceeded in IS^l, in conse- quence of the top having been frequently broken off by heavy snow. It is very readily propagated by cuttings ; and there are some trees at Dropmore, raised in this manner, which have thrown up erect stems from the collar, which will doubtless form as handsome trees as seedlings. Dmnmara orientalis Lamb. (fig. 1989.), native of Amboyna, and D. australis Lamb. {fig. 1990.), native of New Zealand, are described and figured in our first edition, but they are too tender for the open garden. 1989. D. orienmUG. 1990. D. austri.li(. LXXVII. CONl FERa; : CUPRE SSIN^. 1067 Tribe II. Cvtre'ssiuje. la ^Jl)l^jl4j -. The CupressinjE differ from the j^bietinae in being, for the greater part, shrubs or low trees, instead of lofty trees. They are all evergreen, with the exception of one species of Taxodium (T. distichum, the deciduous cypress) ; and none of them have the branches disposed in whorls, as is the case with all the pines and firs without exception. The greater part of the species are natives of warm climates, and comparatively few of them are perfectly hardy in British gardens. One only, the common juniper, is a native of Britain ; but between 30 and 40 foreign species and varieties endure the open air in England ; and 8 or 10 of these (exclusive of Taxodium), which have been not less than 30 or 40 years in the country, and which have had time to display their shapes, form very handsome or remarkable evergreen low trees or tall shrubs ; such as the red cedar, the white cedar, the eastern and western arbor vitae, the Phoenician and tall juniper, the cedar of Goa, the common and spreading cypress, &c. The greater number of the species, or alleged species, have, however, been but a short time in Britain ; and are only to be seen as very young plants in the nurseries, or in very choice collections. These lately introduced kinds are so imperfectly known among cultivators, that little de- pendence is to be placed on the names which are: appHed to them ; and there- fore all that we can recommend is, that they should be as extensively introduced into collections as possible, in order that they may grow up to some size, and be examined in various situations by different botanists. It may be observed of all the species of Cupressinae, that it is not easy to describe by words, and scarcely practicable to illustrate by figures without the fruit, many of the different species of this family ; nevertheless, to a practised eye, it is easy to distinguish the three leading genera, viz. Thiija, Cupressus, and /uniperus, by a portion of the branch, without either flowers or fruit. The flattened, two- edged, scaly, imbricated shoots of all the thujas, including Callitris (which may, if the reader chooses, be considered a sub-genus), are two-edged, whether the specimen be young or old ; those of Cupressus are scaly and imbricated, but angular or roundish, and never two-edged ; and those of /unfperus, in the young state of the plants, have distinct acerose leaves, generally glaucous above, and often in threes joined at the base. All the kinds may be propa- gated by layers and cuttings ; and the more common species ripen seeds in Britain in abundance. The seeds, which generally lie a year in the ground, may be sown in spring ; and the young plants may be treated in all respects like those of the pine and fir tribe. When the seeds are sown in autumn, im- mediately after being gathered, they sometimes come up the following year. Cuttings should be made in autumn, of the wood of the same year, with a small portion of the preceding year's wood attached ; and they should be planted in sand, or in a very sandy loam, in a shady border, and covered with hand-glasses. Cuttings put in in September will form callosities at their lower extremities the same autumn, and should be protected by mats during severe frosts in winter : the following autumn they will be ready to transplant. Layers may be made either in autumn or spring. The genera have been thus arranged : — Thu^ja. Catkins terminal, sohtary. Pollen in 4 cases. Ovules 2. Leaves scale-like, imbricate. Ca'i.i.iteis. Catkins terminal, solitary. Pollen in 2 to 5 cases. Ovules 3 or more. Leaves scale-like, opposite or whorled. Cupre'ssus. Catkins solitary. Pollen in 4 cases. Ovules 8 or more. Leaves imbricate. Taxo'dium. Catkins disposed in compound spikes, female ones 2 or 3 to- 1068 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. gether. Pollen in 5 cases. Ovules 2. Leaves linear, in 2 ranks, de- ciduous in the only species yet introduced. JuNi'pERUS. Male catkins terminal, female ones axillary, few. Pollen in 3 to 6 cases. Ovule one. Fruit pulpy. Leaves opposite or ternate, rigid. Genus VIII. 1 1 'i ' llfAJLi THUUA L. The Arbor Vit^. Lin. Syst. Monoe^cia Monadelphia. Identification, Lin. Gen., 1078. ; Juss., 413. ; Lamb. Pin., ed. 2., 2. Synonymcs. Tiiuya, or Arbre de Vie. Fr. ; Lebensbaum, Ger. ; Tuja, Ital, Derivation. From thyon, sacrifice; in consequence of the resin of the Eastern variety being used instead of incense in sacrifices, why it was called Arbor Vitse is uncertain. Parkinson says th« American species was presented to Francis I. under this name, and that it has been continued ever since, though for what reason he knows not. It was called the Arbor VitEB by Clusius. Royle mentions that, in the East, the cypress is called the tree of life ; and that its berries, &c., are considered a cure for all diseases. Gen, Char. Male flowers in a terminal solitary catkin. Pollen of each flower included in 4 cases, that are attached to the inner face of the scale, towards its base. ■ — Female flower in terminal catkins. Ovary connate with the bractea; the two conjoined may be termed a receptacle. Ovules 2 to each receptacle. Receptacles semi-peltate, imbricated, smooth, or, in some, having a recurved beak near the tip. Seeds inconspicuously winged, or not winged. Cotyledons 2. Branchlets compressed. Leaves simple, alternate or opposite, exstipulate, evergreen ; 2-rowed, scale-like, closely imbricated, compressed. Flowers yellowish.— Trees nar- row, pyramidal, and evergreen ; or large fastigiate shrubs ; natives of Asia, Africa, and North America, and for the most part hardy in British gardens. The species have been divided by Professor Don into the following sec- tions : — i. Thiijts vercB. Cones oblong-compressed ; scales consisting of a definite number (4 or 6), coriaceous, smooth, with one tubercle under the apex ; two exterior ones shortened, boat-shaped. Seeds compressed, winged. To this belong T. occidentalis L., T. plicata Dorm, and T. chilensis L. Don. In T. occidentalis the seeds are flattened, winged all round, emarginate at the apex. ii. Biota. Cones roundish, squarrose ; scales indefinite in number, peltate, woody. Seeds bellying, crustaceous, without wings. To this belongs T. orientalis L. iii. Cyparissa. Cones roundish ; scales indefinite in number, peltate, woody. Seeds winged at the apex. To this belong T. cupressdides L., T. pensilis D. Don, and T. pendula D. Don. § i. Ti hujce verce. J \.T. OCCIDENT A^Lis L. The Western, or American, Arbor Vitse. Identification. Hort. Cliff., 449. ; Pursh Fl. Amer. Sept., 2. p. 646. ; Michx. N. Amer. Syl., 3. p. 226 Synnnym£s. Tliilja Theophrftstj Bauh. Pin. 488. ; A'rbor VltEC Clns. Hist. 1. p. 36. ; white Cedar Amer. ; CMre amSricain, C^dre blanc, Arbre de Vie, Pr. ; gemeiner Lebensbaum, Ger • Albero de Vita, Ital. ' Engravings. Michx. Arb., 3. t. 29. ; the plate of this tree in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., vol viii • and our Jig. 1991. Spec. Char., Sfc. Branchlets 2-edged. Leaves imbricated in 4 rows, ovate- rhomboid, adpressed, naked, tuberculated. Cones obovate ; interior scales truncate, gibbous beneath the apex. (M''illd.) A moderate-sized evergreen tree, or large shrub. Canada. Height 40 ft. to 50 ft. In cultivation in England since 1596. Flowering in May, and ripening its cones in the following autumn. LXXVII. CONl'FERiE : THUVa. 1069 Vai-iety. t T. o. 2 variegata Marsh, p. 243. T. o. foliis varieglitis Lodd. Cat. 1836. — Leaves variegated. The frondose-like foh"age is numerously ramified, and flattened, or spread out laterally. The leaves are small, opposite, imbricated scales : when bruised, they dififiise a strong aromatic odour. The sexes are separate upon the same tree. The male catkins are in the form of small cones, which, when ripe, are yellowish, about 4- lines in length, and composed of oblong scales, which open throughout their whole length for the escape of several minute seeds, each of / + 1991. T. occident41Is. which is surmounted by a short wing. Compared with the Oriental, or Chinese, arbor vitae, the American species is a loose irregular-headed tree, with the branches much more horizontal than in that species. The rate of growth, in the climate of London, is from 6 in. to 1 ft. in a year. In ten years, in fa- vourable soils, it will attain the height of 10 or 12 feet ; and in 30 or 40 years, in moist sheltered situations, drawn up by other trees, it will attain the height of 30 or 40 feet. The most common use of this tree in America is for rural fences, for which it is highly esteemed. The posts last 35 or 40 years, and the rails 60 years ; or three or four times as long as those of any other species. The posts remain undecayed twice as long in argillaceous as in sandy soils. In Britain, the American arbor vitae can only be considered as an ornamental shrub or low tree ; thriving well in any soil, even in the most exposed situa- tions, but attaining its largest size in low, sheltered, and moist places. It grows much faster than the oriental arbor vitse, bears the knife and the shears, and is frequently employed to form hedges for shelter in gardens and nursery grounds. Readily propagated by seeds, which are procured in abundance from America or gathered from British trees, or by cuttings. i. it 2. T. (o.) plica'ta Donn. The plicate, or Nee's, Arbor Vitae. Identification. Donn Hort. Cantab., 6. p. 249. ; Lamb. Pin., ed. 2., 2. No. 61. Engraving. Our^. 2108.in p. 1110. Spec. Char., Sfc. Branchlets compressed, spreading. Leaves rhomboid-ovate, acute, adpressed, imbricated in 4 rows, naked, tubercled in the middle. Cones oblong, nodding. Seeds obcordate. {Lamb. Pin.) A tree resembling the preceding species, but smaller. Mexico, and the western shores of 1070 ARBOKETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. North America, at Nootka Sound. Height 20 ft. to 30 ft. Introduced in 1796, and frequent in collections. A very branchy, spreading, light green tree. Branches crowded, covered with a reddish brown bark ; branchlets dense, often divided, pectinate com- pressed. 1 3. T. CHILE NSis Lamb. The Chili Arbor Vitas. Identification. Lamb. Pin., ed. 2., 2. p. 128., No. 62. Synonyms. Cupressus ihydides Pavon MSS. Engraving. Our Jig. 2110. in p. 1110. Spec. Char., S^c. Branchlets jointed, spreading, compressed. Leaves ovate- oblong, obtuse, somewhat 3-angled, imbricated in 4 rows, adpressed, naked, furrowed on both sides. Cones oval-oblong ; scales 4, compressed, elliptic, obtuse. Seeds winged at the apex, entire. (Lamb.) A beautiful dark green spreading tree. Chili, on the Andes. Height 30 ft. to 40 ft. Not yet introduced. § ii. Biota. i. 4. T. ORiBNTA^Lis L. The Oriental, or Chinese, Arbor Vitae. Identification. Lin. Sp., 1422. ; N. Du Ham., 3. p. 11. Engravings. Dend. Brit., t, 149. ; and our fig. 1992. Spec. Char., Sfc. Branchlets 2-edged. Leaves imbricated in 4 rows, ovate- rhomboid, adpressed, furrowed along the middle. Cones elliptic ; interior scales blunt, mucronate beneath the apex. (Willd.) A low evergreen tree, or fastigiate shrub. China and Siberia, in rocky situations ; and also on the mountains of Japan. Height 18 ft. to 20 ft. Introduced in 1752. Flowering in May, and ripening its brown cones in the following autumn. Varieties, i T. 0. 2 stricta Hort. T. pyramidalis Saum. Cat. ed. 1837 ; and the plate of this tree in Arb. Brit., 1st ed. vol. viii. — More fastigiate than the species in its habit of growth. • T. 0. 3 tatdrica. T. tatarica Lodd. Cat. ed. 1836 ; T. Wareareo Booth Cat. 1839. — Leaves, and the entire plant, rather smaller than in the species. 1992. T. orientAlis. A low tree or large shrub; distinguishable, at first sight, from the American Lxxvu. coni'fer^: thuVa. 1071 arbor vitae, by its more dense habit of growth, by its branches being chiefly turned upwards, and by its leaves or scales being smaller, closer together, and of a lighter green. It is a more compact-growing and handsomer species than the American arbor vit£e, and quite hardy in the climate of London, where, in fine seasons, it ripens seeds. These are generally sown in pots im- mediately after they are gathered in autumn, in which case the plants come up the following summer ; but, if the seeds are not sown till spring, they fre- quently do not come up for a year. Layers generally require two years to root sufficiently ; and cuttings are rather more difficult to strike than those of T. occidentalis. In a young state, the plants are somewhat tender ; but they become quite hardy when old, even in the climate of Edinburgh. § iii. Cyparissa. T. cupressoldes L. a native of the Cape of Good Hope, and T. pensilis Lamb., a native of China, exemplify this section, and are described at length in our first edition, but they are too tender for the open garden. I 5. T, pe'ndula Lamb. The pendulous, or weeping, Arbor Vitse. Identification. Lamb. Pin., ed. 2., 2. t. 67. Si/nojiymes. ? T. filifdrmis Lodd. ; ? Junfpenis flagellif6rmis Sort. (See Nos. 4. and 5, in p. 1076.) Engravings. Lamb. Pin., ed. 2., 2. t. 67. ; our^^. 1994. to our usual scale ; and fig. 1993. of the natural size. Spec. Char., 4-c. Leaves opposite and decussating, spreading, lanceolate, mu- cronulate, keeled, somewhat distant. Cones globose. Scales convex, smooth. Branches filiform, pendulous. (Lamb.) Branches very long, hanging down in the most gracefvil manner ; light green. Cones globose, about the size of a wild cherry, 6-valved ; valves roundish, very thick, fungous, externally convex, smooth. A low evergreen tree. Chinese Tartary. Height ?. Introduced in 1800, or probably before. Only two large plants are known to be in Britain, one in the Chelsea Botanic Garden, and the other in the arboretum at Kew ; from both of which cuttings have 1993. T. p^ndula. 19ii4. T. pendula. been struck in 1837 and 1838. A very remarkable and very desirable species ; quite hardy, and not very difficult to propagate. T. filiformis Lodd. (probably T. pendula Lamb.), of which there are young plants in the collection at Hackney, is noticed in our first edition ; and T. dolabrata L., a large lofty tree, a native of Japan, is described at length, but not yet introduced. 1072 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. Genus IX. ^A CA'LLITRIS Vent The Callitris. Lin. Syst. Monoe'cia Monadelphia. Identification. Vent. Dec. Nov. Gen. ; R. Brown in Litt. ; Richd. Mgin. sur les Coniftires, p. 141. Synonymes. Thilja, part of, Lin. ; Fresndha Mirbel Mem Mus. Gen. Char. Male flowers \n terminal solitary catkins. Po&re of each flower contained in 2 — 5 cases, attached to the lower part of the scale, which is peltate. — Female flowers in terminal catkins, of 4 — 6 ovaries ; or else re- ceptacles, each spreading at the tip, and disposed upon so short an axis as to seem, in the state of fruit, the valves of a regidar pericarp, at which time each has a raucro near the tip. Ovules 3 or many to each ovary, or re- ceptacle. Seed winged. (G. Don.) Leaves simple, opposite or whorled, exstipulate, evergreen ; linear, scale- shaped, situated under the joints of the branches. Flowers yellowish. — Trees evergreen, low, or shrubs, with jointed branches ; natives of Africa, with the habit of Cupressus or TTiuja. This genus was established from the Thijja articulata of Desfontaines. It differs from the genus Thuja in having the scales of the female catkins con- stantly from 4 to 6, all opening like the valves of a regular pericarp ; and in having, at the base of each of these scales, a number of seeds, winged on the margin, whereas in TTiiija they are wanting, or inconspicuous. i. 1. C. quadriva'lvis Vent. The four-valved Callitris. Identification. Ventenat, Dec. Nov. Gen. ; Rich. Mfem. sur les Coniffires, p. 46. Symmymes. TTiflja articnlata Hcsf. All. 2. p. 353., ylrli. et Arbriss. 2. p. 576. ; Cupressus articulata Pin. Woh. p. 191. Engravings. N. Du Ham., 3. t. 5. ; Lodd. Hot C.ib., t. 844. ; and our fig. 1995. from specimens received from M. Otto of SSerlin. Spec. Char., SfC. Leaves flat- tened, articulate. Female catkin tetragonal, with 4 oval valves, each furnished with a point, and 2 of which bear seeds. (Lesf.) A low evergreen tree. Barbary. Height 15 ft. to 20 ft. In- troduced in 1815, and flow- ering from February to May. Rather tender in the open air in the climate of London, but ma;y , be kept against a ^^"- , 1995. C. quadrivSlris. i C. Fothergilli. ? Cupressus FothergfUi. — There are young plants of this name at Elvaston Castle, and in some of the nurseries, which in general ap- pearance resemble the common evergreen cypress. i. C. triquetra. Cupressus triquetra Lodd. Cat. ed. 1836. — A native of the Cape of Good Hope, introduced in 1820. There are plants at Messrs. Loddiges's, and also at Elvaston Castle, where it has stood out three years, and appears quite hardy. 1 C. ciipressifomiis Vent., Loud. Hort. Brit. p. 490. — A native of New Holland, introduced in 1826. There are small plants of it in various nur- series. 2 C. macrostdchya Hort. — There is a plant at Elvaston Castle. Lxxvii. CONIFER^: cupre'ssus. 1073 Genus X. Lu CrUPRE'SSUS L. The Cypress. Lin. Si/st. Monoe'cia Monadelphia. Identification. Lin. Gen., No. 1079. ; Juss. 413. Synonymes. Cyprds. Fr. ; Cypresse, Ger^ ; Cipresso, Ital. j Ciproste, Port. ; Cypres, Hungarian. Derivation. According to some, from kud. to proLliice, and parisos^ nearly resembling ; in allusion to the regularity of the branches ; or from Cyparissus, a beautiful youth of the Island of Ceos, who was changed into a cypress ; or, according to others, from the Isle of Cyprus, where one species of the tree was found in abundance. Gen. Char. Wale flower in terminal solitary catkins. Pollen of each flower contained in 4 cases, attached to the scale on the inner face at the lower edge. Scales peltate. — Female flowers with the ovaries connate with the bractea, and constituting a receptacle. Ovules to each receptacle 8 or more. Strobile globose. JReceptacles, as included in the strobile, peltate, having an obscure tubercle at the tip ; disposed collaterally, not imbricately. Seeds compressed, angular ; afBxed to the narrow basal part of the receptacle. Cotyledons 2. Leaves simple, alternate, exstipulate, evergreen ; adpressedly imbricated, linear. Flowers yellowish. — Evergreen trees, or large shrubs ; natives of Europe, Asia, and North America ; remarkable for the fine grain and dura- bility of their wood ; propagated by seeds, which require the same soil and treatment as the j4bietinas. i. I. C sempbrvi'rens i. The commore, or evergreen. Cypress. Identification. Hort. Cliff., 449. ; N. Du Ham., .S. p. 2. ; Lam. Diet., I. Sgnonymes. C. pyramidSlis Hort. ; ? C. fastigiata Hort. and fin. Wob. p. 186. ; CyprSs pyramidal, Cyprus ordinaire, Fr. ; gemeine Cypressenbaum, Gcr. ; the Italian Cypress. Engravings. Dend. Brit., t. \Tii. ; N. Du Ham., 3. 1 1. 127; the plates of this tree in Arb. Brit., 1st edit., Tol. viii. ; and OMTjig. 1996. Spec. Char., S;c. Branchlets quadrangular. Leaves imbricated in 4 rows, obtuse, adpressed, convex. Cones globose ; scales mutic. Branches straight. (Willd.) A fastigiate evergreen tree. South of Europe, Greece, Turkey, Persia, and Asia Minor. Height, in its native country, 50 ft. to 60 ft. ; in the climate of London, 30 ft. to 40 ft., rarely 50 ft. Introduced before 1548. Flowering in April and May, and ripening its dark brown cones in the fol- lowing March or April. Varieties. i C.s.l stiicta Mill. Diet. Cypres male, Fr. — Branches upright, and closely pressed towards the trunk. It is the most common form of the species. (See the plate of C. sempervirens in Arb. Biit., 1st edit., vol. viii.) 1 C. s. 2 Aorizontdlis Mill. Diet. C. horizontalis iV. Du Ham. 3. p. 6. ; C. expansa Hort. Par.; Cipresso femino Ital. — Branches spread- ing. (See the plate of this tree in Arb.'Srit., Ist edit., vol. viii.) There is an old tree of this variety in the Chelsea Botanic Garden, which by some is considered a species ; and in the Gard. Mag. for 1839, p. 696., an engraving is given of the Cypress of Mistra, which appears to be of this variety. The latter, when measured by the Earl of Aberdeen in 1803, had a trunk 26 ft. in circumference at 4 ft. from the ground, and appeared to be 150 ft. high. The cone of the cypress is composed of large, angular, corky scales, slightly convex on the outside, streaked in rays, and mucronate in the centre ; be- coming woody and separating when ripe ; on the inside, ending in a thick angular peduncle, to the extremity of which adhere 4 little nuts, which are bony, obovate, compressed, or irregularly angular, and covered with a thin membranaceous skin of a dun colour. The seed is of a bay colour, and of a linear-oblong shape. The wood is hard, fragrant, and of a remarkably fino 3 z 1074 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. 1996. C. sempervirens. close grain, very durable, and of a beautiful reddish hue, which Pliny says it never loses. The rate of growth, in the climate of London, will average, for the first 8 or 10 years, from 1 ft. to 1 ft. 6 in. a year ; after which the tree grows more slowly ; and, when it has attained its full size, and is between 30 ft. and 40 ft. high, it will live many years without any perceptible increase iir dimensions. . Any common garden soil suits the cypress; but it attains its largest size in such soils as are rather dry and deep, and in situations sheltered rather than exposed. It may be propagated either by cuttings or seeds ; the former being put in in autumn, and treated like those of Thijja. The cones, which appear to be ripe in autumn, are not perfectly so, but require to hang on the trees till the following March or April. They may then be gathered, and placed in a warm room, or in a box or basket, and set in a dry stove. In a few days the scales will open, when the cones may be thrashed and the seeds collected : they may be immediately afterwards sown, and treated like those of the Jbietinse. In England, it is common to sow the seeds in flat pans or in boxes ; because, as they are somewhat tender when they first come up, they admit of being more readily protected by being carried to a pit. Unlike the seeds of the genus Thuja, which commonly lie in the ground a year, those of the cypress come up in three or four weeks. They grow to the height of 3 or 4 inches the first season, and may be transplanted into pots, and kept in a pit through the winter. At the end of the second autumn, they may be planted where they are finally to remain ; but, if it be thought neces- sary, they may be kept three or four years in pots ; shifting them frequently, or allowing them to remain in the pot unshifted, according as the object may be to produce large plants, or to concentrate the roots in a small ball, so as to occupy less space in sending the trees to a distance. When the cypress is planted where it is finally to remain, and the situation and soil are suitable, it may be said to require no farther attention during the whole of its existence. It always grows erect, so that no care is requisite to train up a leading shoot ; and, as its branches occupy little space, it seldom or never requires pruning. i 2. C. THYOiDES L. The Thuja-like Cypress, or White Cedar. 4. p. 612. ; Michx. N. Amer. Syl. 3. p. 207. ; Pursh Sept., 2. 646. ; Idenli/lcaiion. Willd. Sp. PL, N. Du Ham., 3. p. 6. St/nonymes. rhOja spheerdidalis Rich. Mim. sur les Conif, p. 45. ; Cypr&s faux Thuja, Fr. Kngravings. N. Du Ham., 3. t. 2. ; N. Amer. Syl., 3. t. 152. \ Wats. Dend. Brit., t. 156. : and our M- 1997. LXXVII. CONI FEKJE : CUPKE'SSUS. 1075 Spec. Char., S^c. Branchlets compressed. Leaves imbricated in 4 rows, ovate, tuberculate at the base. (Willd.) An evergreen tree; in England a shrub. New England to Carolina, in deep swamps. Height, in the southern states of America, 70 ft. to 80 ft. ; in the climate of London, 1 ft. to 15 ft., rarely 30 ft. Introduced in 1736. Flowering in April and May, and ripening its cones about the same time in the following year. Varieties. i C. t. 2 filiis variegdtis. — Leaves variegated, or blotched with white, 1 C. t. 3 nana Hort. — Habit dwarf. Exeter Nursery. The white cedar, in the cli- mate of London, is of slow growth, seldom exceeding the height of 4 or 5 feet in 10 or 12 years, and but rarely found above that height. Cones are sometimes imported ; and the seeds may be sown early in spring, and treated in all re- spects like those of Cupressus sempervirens : it may also be propagated by cuttings ; and, in the London nurseries, it is sometimes raised by layers. 1 3. C. lusita'nica Toum. The Cedar of Goa, or Portuguese Cypress. Identification. Tourn., 687. ; Du Ham. Arb., 1. p. 198. ; Lamb. Pin., ed. 2., 1. t. 65. Sywfnymes. C. glauca Brot. Ft. Lm. 1. p. 216. ; C. p^ndula L'HMt Stirp. Nov. p. 16. ; Cedar ol Bussaco. C. pSndula Thunb., Lamb. Pin. ed. 2. 2. t. 66., is supposed to be a different plant. Engravings, tamb. Pin., t. 65. ; N. Du Ham., 3. t. 3. ; tlie plate of this tree in Arb. Brit., Ist edit., vol. viii. ; and oxajig. 1998. 1997. C. fllyaldea. I. C. lusit&nica. Spec Char., 4-c. Branches flexuose, spreading; branchlets quadrangular, 3z 2 1076 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. Leaves imbricated in 4 rows, acute, keeled, glaucous, adpressed. (Lamb, Fin.) A branchy evergreen tree ; in England a shrub. Goa, in the East Indies, and for many years cultivated in Portugal. Height .50 ft. ; in Eng- land, 15 ft. to 30 ft. Introduced in 1683. Flowering in April and May, and ripening its cones in the following spring. This species, in the climate of London, attains the height of 10 or 12 feet in twelve years, and forms a remarkably handsome low tree, with spreading branches, somewhat pendulous, and covered with fine glaucous foliage. In the winter of 1837-8, however, it was every where killed to the ground. The tree is abundant at Bnssaco, near Coimbra, in Portugal, whence cones might be imported, and thus so fine a tree rendered frequent in collections. Its seeds may be treated like those of the white cedar ; or it may be propagated by cuttings, as in 2Tiuja. 1 4. C. TORULO'SA Lamb. The Bhotan, or twisted. Cypress. Identification. Lamb. Pin., ed. 2., 2. No. 59. ; D, Don in Prodromus Nepalensis, p. 55. Engravings. Oixr Jigs. 1999, to 2001. of the natural size, from specimens taken from the plant in the Hort. Soc. Garden, and showing the very different appearance that the shoots assume on the same plant, and that even a young one. Spec. Char., ^c. Leaves ovate-obtuse, imbricated in 4 rows. Galbulus globose, pedicellate. Scales bossed. Branchlets round, knotted, divari- cate, crowded, spreading. {Lamb.} A beautiful, pyramidal, much-branched, evergreen tree. Nepal, on the Bhotan Alps, at 1300 ft. above the sea. Height 30 ft. Introduced in 1824. Flowering in April. Branches crowded, ascending ; branchlets much crowded, round, divai-icate, spreading, knotted, 2 in. to 6 in. long, very closely imbricated with leaves. Leaves small, ovate-obtuse, convex, smooth, imbricated in 4 rows, adpressed, green ; adult ones persistent, and falling off with the bark. Only young male catkins seen. It appears tolerably hardy, and is remarkably handsome ; and there are now abundance of plants in the nurseries. 1 5. C. pe'ndula Thuiib. The weeping Cypress. Identification. Thunb. Fl. Japon., p. 265. ; Willd. Sp. PI., 4. p. 512. ; Staunt. Embass, Synonyme. Fi-moro, Kcsmpf. Amwn. p. 883. Engravings. Lamb. Pin., ed. 2., t. 66. Staunt. Embass., t. 41. ; our fig. 2003. to our fig. 2004. of the natural size ; and fig. 2002. showing parts of the shoots mag- nified. Spec. Char., !fc. Branchlets 2-edged, leafy ; the oldest very long, pendulous ; the younger short, alternate, 2-rowed, spreading. An evergreen tree. China, said to have been introduced in 1808, but respecting which we know nothing with certainty. The pendulous cypress, or Thuja, at Chelsea and in the Kew arboretum, may possibly be the same as Thunberg's plant. S002. c.pind«ia. Lxxvn. coni'fer^: taxo'dium. 1077 3003. C. p 2014. J. commiinb. what the diiference from the species consists. There are other names current in the nurseries, in some of which they are applied to J. communis, in others to J. Sabina, and in others to J. virginiana. The rate of growth of the taller-growing varieties, in the climate of London, is fiom 6 in. to 9 in. a year, till the plants are 6 or 8 feet high, after which they grow more slowly ; and their duration is more than a century. The wood is finely veined, of a yellowish brown, and very , aromatic. It weighs, when dry, above 42 lb. per cubic foot. The berries are, how- ever, the most useful product of the juniper, being used for flavouring gin. The plant makes good garden hedges, and may be clipped into any shape. « 2. J. Oxy'cedrhs L. The Sharp-Cedar, or brown-berried, Juniper. Identification. Lin. Sp. PI., 1470. ; N. Du Ham., 6. p. 47. Synoriymes. J. major Cam, Epit. -54. ; J. m. monspelicnsium Lob. Ic. 2. p. 223. ; J. phoenlcea, &c., J Bauh. Hist. I. p. 277. ; J. major, &c., C. Bauh. p. <39. ; Cedrus phoenicea Matlh. Valgr. 127. ; Oxycedrus Ctus. Hist. p. 39. ; 0. phcenlcea Dud. Pevipt. p. 863. ; the prickly Cedar j le Cade, Fr. ; Spaoische Wachholder, Ger. ; Cedro Fenicio, Ital. Engravings. N. Du Ham., 6. t. 15. f. 2. ; our fis. 201G. to our usual scale ; and ^. 2015. j^lirH^^ W^ fl j/y of the natural size. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves in threes, spreading, miicronate, shorter than the berries. ( WW.) An evergreen shrub. Spain, Portu- gal, and the South of France. Height 10 ft. to 12 ft. Introduced before 1739. Flower- ing in May and June. Variety, t J. 0.2 taurica Hort. — Tolerably distinct ; and, according to Mr. Gor- don, possibly J. drupacea. (Gard. Mag., ISiO, p. 10.) Closely allied to J. communis. The branches are small and taper, without angles. Berries very large, of a brownish red, and marked with two white lines. Hand- some when allowed sufScient space ; and rather more tender than J. commijnis. • 3. J. macroca'epa Smith. The large-fruited Juniper. Identification. Smith in Fl. Grsec. Prod., 2. p. 263. ; Tenore Syll. FI. Neapol. Svn&nymes. ? J. Oxycedrus var. ; J. m^or, bacc& caeruleft, Tourn. Inst. .589. Engravings. Lob. Icon., 2. p. 223. f. I. ; and our j!^. 2017. of the natural size, copied from the figure of L'Obel. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves ternate, spreading, mucronate, sharply keeled, one-nerved. Berries elliptical, longer than the leaf. {Smith, Fl. Gr., 2. p. 267.) An evergreen 2017. j. macrocurpa. 201.5. J. Oxycedrus. 201fi. J. OxVced'/us 1084 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICTEUM BRITANNICUM. shrub. Greece. Height 10ft. to 12 ft. Introduced in 1838, or before; flowering in i\Iay and June. The leaves are like those of J. Ox/cedrus, but the berries are twice as large, and black, covered with a violet bloom ; a handsome plant, though very probably only a variety of J^ Oxycedrus. B. Native of Asia. « tt- 4. X drupa'cba Lah., N. Du Ham. The drupaceous, or large-fruited. Juniper. Uentiflcation. Labillard. Icon. Plant, Syr. Dec, % p. 14. ; Mart. Mill., No. 11. ; Desfont. Hist, des Arb. et Arbris. 2. p. 568. ^ Si/nonyme. J. miijor Sellon Obs. 2. p. 162. Engravings, Clus. Icon. ; Labillard. Icon. ; our,;^. 2018. reduced to our usual scale from the figure of La Billardigre ; and^. 2019., which shows the scales of the fruit much opener than is usual in Juniperus ; it is, however, a correct copy of the original. 2019. J. dnjphi Spec. Char., S;c. Leaves in threes, spreading, acute, three times shorter than the fruit. Nut 3-celled. (Labil- lard.) An evergreen shrub. Syria. Introduced in 1820 ; but we have only seen young plants. C. Native of North America. i- 5. J. vihginia'na L. The Virginian Juniper, or Red Cedar. Identification. Lin. Sp. PI., 1471. ; Michx. N. Amer. Syl., 3. p. 222. Synonymes. J. m&jor americ&na Rait Hist. 1413. ; J. maxima, &c., Sloan ^ Ginepro di Virginia. Engravings. Michx. N. Amer. Syl., 3. t. 155. ; the plates of this tree in Arb. Brit., 1st edit vol viii. ; and our ^^. 2020. ' Spec. Char.,^c. Leaves in threes, the three growing together at the base ; young ones imbricated, old ones spreading. ( Willd.) An evergreen tree. Maine to Georgia, in woods and plains. Height 40 ft. to 30 ft. ; in England, 30 ft. to 40 ft. Introduced before 1664; flowering in May, and ripening its dark blue fruit in October. Varieties. t 3. V.2 humilis Lodd. Cat. ed. 1836. — Habit dwarf. i 3.V.3 caroliniana. J. caroliniana Dti Roi, Mill. Bid. No. 2. — Miller says that the lower leaves of this kind are like those of the Swedish juniper; but that the upper leaves are like those of the cypress; while in the Virginian cedar all the leaves are like those of the juniper. (See p. 1082.) Other Varieties. The red cedar varies exceedingly from seed. At White Lxxvii. coni'fer^: juni'pf.rus. 1085 Knights, where there are some hundreds of trees, some are low and spread- ing, and others tall and fastigiate ; some bear only male blossoms, and others only female ones. The foliage, in some, is of a very light hue ; in others, it is glaucous ; and in some a very dark green. The fruit, also, varies considerably in size ; but, perhaps, the most striking variety is one in which the branches are decidedly pendent. Miller mentions a variety which has leaves like a cypress. There are a great many varieties at Elvaston Castle ; and some with glaucous foliage of very great beauty. The rate of growth, in the climate of London, is 10 or 12 feet in ten years ; and the duration of the tree is upwards of a century. The name of red cedai has reference to the heart-wood of this tree, which is of a beautiful red, while 2020. J. vixgiiiilma. the sap-wood is perfectly white. It is imported into England for the manu- facture of black-lead pencils ; though the Bermuda juniper is preferred for that purpose. In Britain, the red cedar is not planted as a timber tree ; though, from the size which it attains in deep dry sandy soils, it might be worth while to plant it in masses for this purpose. As an ornamental tree or large shrub, it is highly valued, either for planting singly on lawns, or m groups along with other trees and shrubs. It is more especially adapted for groupmg with other Cupressinse, the pine and fir tribe, and the yew. J. bermudiana L. and J. nepaUnsis Hort. (Cupressus nepal^nsis Hort.) are described in our first edition. § ii. SabincB. — Leaves of the adult Plant imbricated. D. Don. A. Natives of Europe. m. 6. /. 5ABrNA. The common Savin. Idenli/icalim. Lin. Sp., 1472. ; Desf. Hist, dcs Arb., &c., 2. p. 659. 1086 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. Synonymes. Sabine, Fr. ; stinkender Wachholder, Ger. ; Planta dannata and Cipresso des Maghl. Engravings. Pall. Fl. Roes., t. 66. f. 2. ; and our^g. 2026. Spec. Char., ^c. Leaves oval, opposite, imbricated, somewhat acute, convex on the back; the male catkins pedunculate. Berries of a blackish blue, ffenerally monospermous. {N. Du Ham.) A low evergreen shrub. South of Europe and Tauria. Height 7 ft. to 8 ft. Introduced before 15-18; flowering in March and April, and ripening its blackish blue fruit in the spring of the following year. » i. S. 1 cupressifolia Ait. Hort. Kew. v. p. 4.14. /. lusitanica Mill. Diet. No. U.; Sabma Bod. Pempt. 854. ; la Sabine male, Fr. (Jig. 2021.) — Leaves like those of a cypress. a J S. 2 tamariscifotia Ait. 1. c. J. Sabina Mill. Diet. No. 10. la Sabine femelle 0%. 2022.) m J. S. Sfoliis variegdtis Mart. Mill. — Leaves variegated. 202-2. J. S. /amariscifolia. 2023. J. S. prostrku. 2024. J. S. alplna. !~ J. S. 4 prostrata. J. prostrata Michx. ; J. repens Nutt. ; J. hudsonica Lodd.Cat. 1836. (3?g. 2023.) — A low trailing plant, seldom rising above 6 or 8 inches in height, but rooting into the soil, and extend- ing its branches to a great distance. V J. S. 5 alpina. J. alpina Lodd. Cat. 1836. {fig. 2024.) — Procumbent, and more slender in its habit ; but, in other respects, only shghtly different from J. prostrata. The savin, though generally seen, in British gardens, as a low spreading shrub, has sometimes an upright trunk, clothed in a reddish brown bark, and rising to the height of 10 or 12 feet, or even higher. Its branches are nearly straight, very much ramified, and form, with the trunk, a regular pyramid. Its young branches are entirely covered with imbricated leaves, which have a very strong and dis- agreeable odour, and a very bitter taste. The male flowers are disposed in small catkins, on peduncles covered with little imbricated leaves, and are dispersed laterally along the youngest branches. The female flowers are generally produced on separate trees, and are disposed in the same manner : they are succeeded by oval berries, of a blue so 1 deep as to be almost black, and are about the size of a currant : they generally contain only one seed, which is long, oval, and somewhat compressed. A very common ornamental ever- green, thriving in the poorest soils, and in exposed situations ; in the latter remaining an humble prostrate shrub, and in the former attaining a consider- able size. 2025. J. Sabina. LXXVII. CONi'FER^:. JUNI'PERUS. 1087 I 7. J. pHCENi'cEA L. The Phoenician Juniper. Uenlification. Lin, Sp. PI., 1471. ; Pall. Ross., 2. p. 14. 57. ; N. Du Ham., 6. p. 47. Syrum^mes. CMrus phcenicea mSdia Lob. Icon. 2. p. 221. ; Oxjcedrus IJcia Dod. Pempt. 683. ; Genevrier de Phenicie, i^V. ; dichtnadliger Wachholder, Ger. ; Cedro licio, Ual. Engravings. Pall. Ross., t. 56. ; N. Du Ham., 6. pi. 17. ; and our fig. 2026. Sjiec. Char., ^c. Leaves in threes, obliterated, imbricated, obtuse. (Willd.) An evergreen shrub or low tree. South of Europe, Russia, and the Levant. Height 10 ft. to 20 ft. Cultivated in 1683. Flowering in May and June, and ripening its pale yellow fruit at the end of the second year. The young branches are entirely covered with very small leaves, which are disposed in threes opposite to each other, closely covering the surface of the branches, and laid one upon another like scales. These leaves are oval, ob- tuse, somewhat channeled, and convex on the back, perfectly smooth. On 2026. J. phcenicea. some of the branches, a few sharp linear leaves are found, which are about 3 lines long, and quite open. The male and female flowers are sometimes found on the same tree, but they are generally on different trees. The form and disposition of the male and female flowers closely resemble those of J. lyabina. The berries generally contain 9 bony seeds in each, of an irregular oval, slightly compressed and angular ; the pulp is dry and fibrous, and in the middle of it are 3 or 4 bladders, filled with a sort of resinous fluid. Much less common than so fine a shrub deserves to be. • *- 8. /. (p.) ly'cia L. The Lycian Juniper. Jdentffication. Lin. Sp., 1471. ; Pall. Ross,, ii. p. 14. t. 56. ; Ait. Hort. Kew,, v, p, 416. Synonymes. J. p. /3 IJcia N. Du Ham. vi. p. 47. ; ciprftssen Wachholder, Ger. £ngravingt. PalL Ross., t. 66. ; N. Du Ham., 6. 1. 17. ; oai Jig. 2027., and fig. 2028. from Pallas. Spec. Char., S^c. Leaves in threes, imbricate on all sides, ovate, obtuse. Male flowers at the ends of the branches, in a conical araent ; and the fruit single from the axils below them, on the same branch. Berries large, oval, and, when ripe, brown. An evergreen shrub. South of Europe, Levant, and Siberia. Height 10 ft. to 15 ft. Introduced in 1759, but not common in collections. According to Pallas, J. lycia is an entirely prostrate shrub, with the trunk branching from the very bottom, and often thicker than the human arm. This, 1088 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BEITANNICUM. 2028. J. (p.) l^cia. and the branches, are often variously deformed, with scarcely any outer bark. The wood smells very strong, like that of the Bermudas cedar. Branches and branchlets wand- like, and covered with a testaceous bark. Shoots dark green, dicho- tomous, and imbricate with scale- formed sharp leaves. Berries terminal, globular, middle-sized, nearly black when ripe, and co- vered with a glaucous bloom ; containing 3 or 4) stones. Pallas adds that it greatly resembles the dwarf savin, and that it differs principally in the greater thickness of the shoots, and in the leaves being acute and less clustered. A 2027. J. (p.)ijcia. very doubtful species. $ 9. J. thuri'fera L. The incense-bearing, or Spanish, Juniper. Identification. Lin. Sp. PI., 1471. ; Ait. Hort. Kew., ed. 2 , 5. p. 413. Synariymes. J. hispinica MilL Diet. No. 13. ; CSdrus hispanica, 3iC., Tourn. Inst. p. 588. Engraving. Fig. 2029. from a specimen received from Mr. Lambert. Spec. Char., S;c. Leaves imbricate in 4 rows, acute. (Willd.) An evergreen tree. Spain and Portugal. Height 20 ft. to 30 ft. Cultivated in 1752. Flower- ing in May and June, and ripening its large black berries at the end of the following year. The leaves are acute, and lie over each other in four rows, so as to make the branches appear four-cornered. Berries very large, and black when ripe. There is a tree at Mr. Lambert's seat at Boyton, which, in 1837, was 28 ft. high, with a trunk 9 in. in diameter. It strikes readily from cuttings, and deserves to be extensively propagated. B. Natives of Asia. 5 10. J. exce'lsa WUld. The tall Juniper. Identification. 'Willd. Sp. PI., 4. p. 852. ; Pursh Fl, Amer. Sept., 2. p. 647. Synonymes. J. 5abina var. Pall. Ross. 2. p. lij. ; Himalaya Cedar-wood. Engraving. Fig. 2030. from a plant about 2 ft. high. Spec. Char., S;c. Leaves opposite, somewhat obtuse, with a central gland ; 4-ranked and imbricate ; slender, acute, disposed in threes, and spreading. Stem arboreous. (Willd.") A tall evergreen tree. Siberia, Himalayas, and North America, on the Rocky Mountains. Height 20 ft. to 30 ft. rarely 40 ft. Introduced in 1806, but has not yet flowered in British gardens. A very handsome and elegant tree, with an upright trunk and slightly pendulous branches. Leaves opposite, imbricated in 4 rows, and having a raised line on the back. It is a very free grower ; and apparently as hardy as J. virginiana. 11. J sau AMA^TA Z). Z)om. The scaled Juniper, or creepifig Cedar, identification. Lamb. Pin., 2. No. 66. ; D. Don Fl, Nepalensis, p. 55. ; Royle lUust., Synonymes. J. squambsa Wall. : see Gard. Mag. 1840, p ID. Engraving. Our Jig. 2107. in p. 1110- Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves in threes, closely imbricated, ovate-oblong, ' Lxxvii. coni'fer^: /uni'perus. 1089 more or less pointed ; remaining on after they are withered ; young ones inflexed at the apex, as if obtuse. Berries ovate, umbilicate on the top. Branches and branchlets crowded, round. Stem prostrate. (Lamb. Pin.) A large, decumbent, much-branched evergreen shrub. Nepal, and on the Bhotan Alps. Height 3 ft. Introduced in 1824. Flowering in August ; but only young plants are in British gardens. • 12. J. recu'rva ffam. The recurved Nepal Juniper. Identification. Ham. MSS., as quoted in Don's Flora Nepalensis, p. 55. Engraving. Our ^.2031. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves linear-lanceolate, mucronate, loosely imbricated, smooth, convex beneath. Berries roundish-oval, tubercled. Branches and branchlets recurved. (D. Don.) An evergreen shrub. Nepal, in Narainhetty. Height 5 ft. to 10 ft. Introduced in 18.30. Flowering in May, and ripening its fruit in November following. It forms a graceful bush, or low tree, from its pen- dulous habit ; and it is readily distinguished from all the other species, not only by this circumstance, but by the mixture of its brown half-decayed chafify leaves of the past year with its greenish grey leaves of the present year. The bark is rough, brown, and soon begins to curl up, when it has a rough appearance, and ultimately scales off. It is as hardy as the common juniper, and deserves to be as generally cultivated. » -a 13. J. chine'nsis L. The Chinese Juniper. Identification. Lin. Syst., 894. ; Reich., 4. 277. ; Mant., 127. ; ' Lour. Coch., 636. Smanyme. ? J. c. Smfthrt Arb. Bnt. Ist edit. p. 2505. Engravings. Omfigs. 2032. and 2033. from living specimens. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves decurrent, imbricate-spreading, clustered ; stem leaves in threes, branch leaves in fours. (Willd,') An evergreen tree. China. Height 15 ft. to 20 ft. Introduced in 1820, or before. Flowers yellowish ; May. Fruit blackish blue ; ripe in November. 2051. J. recbm. 3032. J. chinensis. • 14. /. uvi'fera D. Don Identification. Lamb- Pin., 2. No. 67. There are two plants in the Horticultural Society's Garden bearing the name of J. sinensis, male and female, 12 ft. and 10 ft. high. The leaves are green, short, and imbricated ; the fruit rough, angular, and dry. The Grape-bearing, or large-fruited. Juniper. 2033. J. chin^nsis. Engraving. Our fig. 2107. in p. 1110. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves ovate, obtuse, adpressed, imbricated in 4 rows. Branchlets short, erect, crowded, knotted. Drupes terminal, roundish. {Lamb. Pin.) A decumbent, much branched, evergreen shrub. Cape Horn, and the only species in the southern hemisphere. Introduced about the beginning of the present century, but rare in British gardens. Other Species of Suniperus, of recent Introduction, but of which little is known. .1. tetragona H. B. & Kth. — A shrub with low-growing, almost flat, branches ; the leaves are in 4 rows, and lie close on each other, rather thick, 4 A 1090 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. obtuse, egg-shaped j the fruit globular and small. (Linneea, vol. xii. p. 4-96.) Mexico, on mountains at from 10,000 ft. to 11,000 ft. elevation, where it grows to the height of 4 or 5 feet. Introduced in 1838. (Gard. Mag., 1839, p. 24-2.) J. fldcdda Schiede. — A strong high tree with pendent shoots, with 4-rowed, scaled, egg-shaped, little lance-like leaves ; the fruit globular, with projecting pointed scales. Introduced in 1838. (Ibid., p. 241.) J. mexicdna Schiede. — A high pyramidal tree with twigs and leaves re- sembling those of Cupressus thurifera. The leaves do not always stand in threes on the twigs, but are often opposite ; they are egg-shaped, and pointed ; on the points of the youngest shoots they are only from ^ to f of a line long. (Ibid., p. 241.) Had not been introduced in 1841. J. dealbdta Hort. — Supposed to be a native of North-west America. It has the habit of the common juniper, but with small, imbricated, sharp-pointed leaves, rather distant on the shoots ; the latter are rather slender, and of a beautiful glaucous colour, more particularly in the early part of summei'. The scent is as strong as that of .T. iSabina. Quite hardy. Introduced in 1839. Hort. Soc. (Gard. Mag., 1840, p. 640.) i . flagellijorrm Hort. — A native of China, with long, slender, closely im- bricated shoots (both young and old), very much resembling fine whipcord. Shoots glaucous, with sharp lanceolate leaves. The fruit is small, globular, but sometimes slightly angular, and very glaucous. Quite hardy, and strikes freely from cuttings of the two-years-old wood. Introd. 1839. H. S. (Ibid.) 3. gossainthdnea Hort. — There are small plants bearing this name in the collection of Messrs. Loddiges, which closely resemble J. chinensis, but the shoots are more slender. J. Bedfordiana Hort. — Closely resembles J. virginiana. J. Hudsoniana Pin. Wob. p. 208. — A dwarf procumbent shrub, about 2 ft. high. Probably a variety of J. iSabina. J. barbadensis L., described in our first edition, is here omitted as being rather tender. J. hemispkce'rica Presl grows above the boundary line of trees on Mount Etna, as high as 7,100 ft. ; but it is not yet introduced. Order LXXVIII. EMPETRA^CE^. Identification. Nutt. Gen., 2. 233. ; Don in Edinb. New Phil. Journ., 1826. Obd.Chab. Flowers dioecious. Perianth free, composed of imbricated scales, which are disposed in two series. Stamens equal in number to the inner series of scales, and alternating with them. Anthers roundish, of two distinct cells. Ovarium free, seated on a fleshy disk, 3 — 6- or 9-celled. Ovulum solitary, ascending. _ Style 1. Stigma radiating, with as many rays as there are cells in the ovarium. Fruit fleshy, surrounded by the per.sistent perianth of 3 to 9 bony cells. Seed solitary. Embryo terete, in the centre of the alburnen. Radicle inferior. Leaves simple, exstipulate, alternate or subverticillated, evergreen ; linear, heath-like. Flowers axillary, minute. — Evergreen undershrubs ; natives of Europe and North and South America. The genera in British gardens are three, which are thus contradistin- guished : — -E'mpetrum. — Calyx 3-leaved, with six scales at the base. Petals and stamens 3. Berry depressed, containing 6—9 stones. (G. Don.) CoRE^A. — Calyx 3-leaved, naked at the base. Petals and stamens 3. Berry globose, containing 3 stones. (G. Don.) Cerati'ola.— Calyx 2-leaved, with 4 bracteas at the base. Petals and stamens 2. Berry globose, containing 2 stones. (G. Don.) LXXVIII. ^MPETRA^CE^: £'MPETRUM. 1091 Genus I. n ^MPETRUM L. The Crowberry Lin. Sjsl. Dice^cia Triandria. Uentification. Lin. Gen^SlS.^ Juss., 12G. ; Fl. Br., 1072. ; Tourn., t. 421. : Lamb., t. 803., Gaertn. ; LIOC Derivation. From en, upon, and petros, a rock ; in allusion to the place of growth. Gen. Char. Calyx 3-leaved, coriaceous, with 6 imbricated scales at tlie base. Pc- tals3. StamensS. Stigmai — 9-rleft. .Ben^/ depressed, 6 — 9-stoned. (G.Do;;.) Leaves simple, alternate, exstipulate, evergreen ; linear, tongue-shaped, obtuse; flat above, convex and marked with a membranaceous line beneath ; dark green, shining. Floweis axillary, solitary, sessile, dark red. Serries black or red. — Shrubs small, branchy, procumbent ; natives of the North of Europe, North America, and the Straits of Magellan. Propagated by cuttings or seeds, and thriving best in peat soil. 1=- y. E. Ni^GRUM L. The black Crowberrj-, or Crdkeberry. Identification. Lin. Sp.Pl.,1450. ; E.ng.Fl.,4.p.283.; MackayFl. Hib.,p.238. ; Hook. Br.FI.,p.431. Synonymes, £rlca coccSfera procdmbens Ger. Emac, p. 1383; ; E. C5ris folio undecima Clus. Hist. 1. p. ih. Engravings. Eng. Bot., t. .526. ; our.;%. 2034. to our usual scale ; AnAJig. 2035. of the natural size. Spec. Char., 8fc. Leaves linear-oblong. Berries black and clustered. (Hook.) A low procumbent evergreen shrub. Britain. Height 6 in. to 12 in. Flowers purplish white ; June. Berries brownish black, like those of the common juniper ; ripe in November. Vuriety. n. E. n. 2 scoticum Hook. Br. Fl. Rather smaller than the species. Cattle do not browse on this shrub; but the berries are eaten by the Scotch and Russian pea- sants. It thrives very well in gar- dens, but requires a moist boggy soil and a shady situa- tion. The seeds remain a year in the ground before they vegetate, and the plants are very slow in their growth. clan M'Lean. E. nigrum. 2035. The crowberry is the badge of the V- 2. E. RU^BRUM L. The red-fruited Crowberry. Jdentification. Willd. Sp. PI., 4. p. 713. ; Lindl. Bot. Eeg., t. 1783. St/nom/me. Cranberry of Stal en Island. Engravings. Bot. Reg., t. 1783. ; ouryS^. 2037. to our usual scale, andfe. 2036. of the natural size. Spec. Char., ^c. Leaves and branches with woolly margins. Berries red. {Lindl.') An evergreen procumbent shrub. Southern point of South America, where it is found along the sandy coast, spreading over the stones, but especially ' thriving at the back of the low sandhills by which the shore is often skirted. Height 6in. tol2in. Introd. 1833. Flowers brownish purple ; July. Berries red ; ripe in November. 20.17. b. riibnm,. According to Gaudichaud, the red berries are pleasant to eat. It "rows freely in peat, and is quite hardy. 4a 2 1092 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. Genus II. CORE'MA D. Don. The Cohema. Lin. Si/st. Dioe'cia Triandria. Ideniiflctttion. D. Don in New Edin. Phil. Journ. \ Lindl. ill Nat. Syst. of Bot. Synonyme. j^'mpetrum, in part, L. Derivation. From koremat a broom ; in allusion to the habit of the plant. Gen. Char. Calyx 3-leavecl, membranaceous, naked at the base. Petals 3. Stamens 3. Stigma 6-c!eft. Berry globose, 3-stoned. (G. Don.) Leaves simple, alternate, exstipulate, evergreen ; scattered, linear, obtuse, spreading, flattish above, and revolute on the margin. Flowers in terminal heads, sessile, situated on a hairy disk ; white, large : heads having villous scales. Berries white. — Shrub small, erect, branchy, rigid, covered with resinous dots ; native of the South of Europe. Closely allied to i?'mpetrum, from which it has been recently separated, and requiring the same soil and culture in British gardens. «- 1. C. a'lba D. Don. The v/hite-berried Corema. Ideniijicntion. D. Don in New Edin. Phil. Journ. Synonytnes. £'mpetrum album Lin. Sp. 1450. ; JH. lusit&nicum, &c., Tourn. Inst. 579. ; £rlca erectis, &c., Bavh. }^in. ; the white- berried Heath, Portugal Crakeberry. Engraving. Onrfig. 2038. Spec. Char., ^c. Stem erect. Branches pubescent. Leaves linear, with revolute margins ; somewhat sca- brous above. (Willd.) A low evergreen shrub. Por- tugal. Height 6 in. to 12 in. Introduced in 1774. Flowers white; May. Berries white; ripe Nov. Much branched, rigid, sprinkled with resinous dots. «- 2. C. CoNRA^DZZ Torrey. Conrad's Corema. Identification. Torrey in Lit., and Gard. Mag., xvii. Synonyme. £'mpetrum Conr^d?Y Torrey. Engraving. Our Jig. 2039 , from Dr. Torrey. Spec. Char., Sfc. Branches glabrous. Leaves subverticillate, alternate, narrowly linear ; young glandularly hispidulous, adult gla- brous. Flowers in small heads, terminal, axillary ; scales of perianth 5 — 6, obo- vate-oblong, smoothish ; stamens 3 — 4; style 3 — 4-parted ; ovary 3 — 4-celled. (Torrey.) An evergreen heath-like un- der shrub. N. America, in Monmouth, New Jersey, and other districts, in sandy fields and in pine barrens. Height 6 in. to 12 in. Introduced in 1841. Flowers whitish ; April. Berries small, reddish ; ripe in August. Genus III. 2038. C. 41ba. 205'>. C. ConrKdM. CERATPOLA Michx. The Ceratiola. Lin. Syst. Monoe'cia Diandria. Uenliflcation. Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer., 2. p. 222, ; Lindl. in Nat. Syst. of Botany ed 2 Derivation. From ieroftorj, a little horn s in allusion to the shape of the stigma. ' " Gen. Char. Calyx 2-leaved, membranaceous, with 4 scales at the base. Petals 2, converging into a tube. Stamens 2. Stismas 6-cleft. Berry globose, 2-stoned. {G. Von.) ' Leaves simple, alternate, exstipulate, evergreen ; spreadino, needle- shaped, obtuse, glabrous, and shining ; mai-ked beneath with^'a narrow LXXIX. 5MILA^CEiE: A'MI'lAX. 1093 furrow ; slightly canaliculate above ; about | in. long j sometimes crowded as if verticillate. Flowers unisexual on the same plant ; axillary, sessile, numerous (2 — t), rarely solitary, brownish ; sometimes (like the leaves) verticillate. Berries yellow. — Shrub small, upright, branchy, rigid ; native of North America. Grown in British gardens, in peat soil, and propagated by cuttings. • 1. C. ericoOdes. The Erica-like Ceratiola. Identification. Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer., 2. p. 22t>. ; Pursh Fl. Amer. Sept., 1. 1. 13. Engravings. Pursh, 1. t. 13. ; BoL Mag., t. 2758. ; our .fig. 2041. to our usual scale, and Jig. 2040. of the natural size. Spec. Char,, Sfc. Flowers in the axils of the upper leaves, solitary, ex- cept a small abortive one by the side of the principal flower. An upright much branched evergreen shrub, greatly resembling a heath ; very handsome, but somewhat ten- der in British gardens. South Caro- lina. Height 2 ft. to 8 ft. Introd. 1826. Flowers brownish; June. Berries yellow ; ripe in October. Class II. ENDO'GEN^. Stems increasing from within ; Leaves ivith parallel Veins. Order LXXIX. SMILA^CE^. \m Identification. Lindl. Nat. Syst. Bot, p. 3.59. Synonymes. /^iliicese, in part, Jtiss. ; SarraentSceae, in part, Nees; SmiUceae, in part, H. Brown. Derivation. From Smilax, a beautiful youth, fabled to have been changed into this plant (see Ovid. Met.} ; or, from smile, a scraper, from the roughness of the stems of most of the species. Obd. Char. Flowers unisexual or bisexual. Perianth regular, usually 6- parted; but often 4 — 8-parted. 5fomi?as equal in number to the segments of the perianth. Ovarium free. Styles 1 or more. Fruit either a capsule or berry, 3 — j^celled, but of one cell by abortion. Seeds 1 to 3 in each cell, albuminous. Leaves simple, alternate, exstipulate, mostly evergreen ; reticulated, though the genus is considered monocotyledonous. Flowers corymbose, axillary. — Rambling shrubs, rarely attaining a large size in British gardens; natives of Europe, Asia, and North America. Genus I. \l SMFLAX L. Tub Smilax. Identification. Lin. Gen., No. 1120. ; Keich., No. 1225. ; Schreb. No. 1528, 42. ; Gas'rtn., t. 16. ; Mart. Mill. Ss/nonvmes. Smilax, Fr. and Ger. ; Smilace, Ital. 4a 3 Lin. Syst. Dioe'cia Hexandria. Toum, t. 421.; Juss., 1094 ARBOIIETUM ET FKUTICt-TUM BRITANNICUM. Gen. Char. Perianth 6-parted. Stamens 6. Styles 3. Berry 3-celled ; cells 5i-seedecl. (G. Don.) Leaves as in the Order. Flowers corymbose, axillary. Shrubs, climbing by means of their tendrils, with stems that are generally prickly. Leaves with veiny disks. The tendrils are intrapetiolar stipules. In British gardens, they grow in sandy loam, and are readily propagated by division of the root. They are not showy, but they are interesting from their climbing character, as being generally evergreen, and as being some of the few hardy ligneous plants which belong to the grand division of vegetables Mono- cotyled6nea2. § i. Stems prickly and angular, i- 1 . iS'. a'spera L. The rough Smilax. Identification. Sjinmtijmes. UngraviTi^s. SchJc, Lin. Sp., 1458. ; Vill. Dauph., 3. p. 272. Kough Bindweed ; Rogo acerbone, Ital. Mart. MUl., No. 1. and Han., 3. 328. ; and OMtfig. 2042. Spec. Char., Sfc. Stem prickly, angular ; leaves toothed and prickly, cordate, 9-nerved. (Witld.) A climbing evergreen. South of Europe, Asia Minor, and Africa. Height 5 ft. to 10 ft. Introduced in 1648. Flowers whitish ; July. Berries red ; ripe in September. Varieties, fi- S. a. 2 auncutata Ait. — Leaves ear-shaped at the base. fi- S. a. 3 maimtanica. S. mauritanica Pair. — Introduced in 1820, there are plants in the Horticultural Society's Garden, and in .some private collections. The roots are thick and fleshy, spreading wide, and striking deep ; and they are sometimes sold by the druggists of the South of Europe for those of S. Sarsa- parilla, as they possess nearly the same qualities, but in an inferior degree ; they are also larger, and more porous. In British gardens, this species, which is per- haps the handsomest of those which are hardy, is com- monly trained against a wall ; but it will also attach itself to rough stakes or trelliswork, though it seldom flowers when so treated. t- 2. 5. exce'lsa L. The tall Smilax. S04'J. S. uspera. Identification. Lin. Sp., 1458. ; Ait. Hort. Kew., ed. 2., 5. p. 687. Si/nonymes. S. orientJiIis, &c., Tourn. Cor. 4.^., Bux. Cent. \. 18. 1 S. aspera Alp. Meypt. ed. 2. 140. Engravings. Bux. Cent., 1. t. 27. ; Alp. .Kgypt., ed. 2,, 1. 141. ; i,nd our fig. 2043. Spec. Char., S)-c. Stem prickly, angular. Leaves unarmed, cordate, 9-nerved. (Wi/td.) A climb- ing evergreen shrub. Syria. Height 6 ft. to 12 ft. Introduced in 1739. Flowers greenish white ; August and September. Berries red or black ; ripe in November. Stems 4-cornered, and prickly; mounting to the tops of tall trees, by means of their clasping tendrils. Leaves 2 in. long, and If in. broad at the base, having 5 longitudinal nerves, but no spines on their margins. The roots resemble and possess the same qualities as those of S. aspera, but are inferior to those of S. Sarsaparilla. S045. s.«ciisa. L 3. S. ru'bens Wats. The ved-te7idriled Smilax. Idi'ntificaticm. Watson Dend. Brit., t. 108. Engravings. Dend. Brit., t. 108. ; and our^g. 2044. Spec. Char., 8^c. Stem angular, prickly. Leaves ovate-subcordate. rather Lxxix. SMiLA^cE^: smi\ax. 1095 obtuse, mucronate, coriaceous, 5-nerved ; mai-gin mucronate-denticiilate near the base. ( Wats.) A haiulsome evergreen climbing shrub. North Ame- rica, in woods and by streams. Height 3 ft. to 4 ft. Flowers greenish white ; July. 8. 4. S. Sahsapar/lla L. The viedidnal Smilax, or Sarsaparilla. Identification. Lin. Sp., I4.')9. ; Pursh Fl. Amer. Sept., 1. p. 249. Synonymes. S. peruvi3n.l Sarsaparilla Ger. Emac, 8-'J9. ; S. glatlca Michs. 2. p. 237., Watt. Fl. Car. 245. ; the glaucous-leaved Smilax Salsa pai-igli.i, Hal. Derivation. Sarsaparilla is compounded of two Spanish words viz., zarxa. red, and parilla. a little vine. Engravings. Dend. Brit., t. 111. and our^y^. 2045. 5. S. Sartaparilla. L 3. Spec. Char., ^c. Stem pricklj', angula]'. Leaves unarmed, 2044. s. ribens. ovate-lanceolate, ending in a long sharp point ; 5-nerved, glaucous beneath. QVilld.) An evergreen cMmbing shrub. North and South America. Height 3 ft. to 4 ft. Introduced in 1664. Flowers greenish white ; August. Stems shrubby, long, slender, and climbing. Roots divided into several long slender branches, which are somewhat thicker than a goose-quill, straight, brown on their exterior, but white internally, and from 3 fr. to 4 ft. long. Sarsaparilla, on its first introduction, was considered as a specific against numerous dis- orders, and it is still employed in rheumatic complaints scrofula, and all cutaneous diseases. 5". hasta'ta Wi/ld. The Spear-shaped Smilax. 4. p. 782. ; Pursh Fl. Amer. Sept., 1. p. 249.: Iilrnliflcation. Willd. Sp. PI Lodd. Cat., ed. 1836. St/nonymes. S. Bbna n6x Michx. Fl. Amer. 2. p. 237. ; S, aspera var. Latn. Encyc. Engravings. Pluk. Aim., t. 111. f. 3. ; and out Jig. 2046. Spec, Char., ^c. Stem subarmed. Leaves lanceolate, acuminate ; auriculate, or spear- shaped, at the base ; ciliated or prickly on the margin ; 3 — 5 nerves. fierries round. {Willd.') An evergreen climbing jois. s. huaia. shrub. Carolina and Florida, on the sea- coast. Height 4 ft. to 5 ft. Introduced in 1820. Flowers green ; August and September. i_ 6. S. Wa'tsoxV/ Swt. Mr. Watson's Smilax. Identification. Swt. Hort. Brit., 3. p. 68). Synonymes. S. longitblia Wats. Dend. Brit. ; 5. h. 2 lanceoBta Ard. Brit. 1st edit. p. 2612. Engravings. Wats. Dend. Brit., t. 110. ; and our fig. 2047. Spec. Char., ^c. Stem prickly, angular. Leaves ovate, acu- minated, somewhat cordate at the base, glabrous, 3 — 3- nerved. Berries elliptic. An evergreen climbing shrub. * North America. Height 3 ft. to 5 ft. Introduced in 1820, 2047. s. witsoni. or before. Flowers greenish ; August. a. 7. S. Walte'r// Pursh. Walter's Smilax. Identification. Pursh Fl. Amer. Sept., 1. p. 249. Synonyme. S. China Watt. Fl. Car. p. 24.5. Engraving. Oar fig. ■ iu p. Spec. Char., S^c. Stem prickly. Leaves ovate-cordate, smooth, 3-nerved. Berries acuminate. (Pursh.) A climbing evergreen shrub. Virginia and 4 A 4 1096 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BKITANNICUM. Carolina, on the river sides. . Height 3 ft. to 5 ft. Introduced in 1820, or before. Flowers greenish white; August. 4- 8. S. MACULA^TA Roxb. The spotted-leaved Smilax. Identiflcation. Roxb. ; Royle 111., p. 384. Engravings. Koyle 111., t. 94., fig. I. ; ourj^. 2043. Spec. Char., ^c. Stem angular, prickly. Leaves cordate, sojnewhat hastately lanceolate, coriaceous, the under sides of the nerves and petioles prickly. (G.Don.) A climbing evergreen shrub. Nepal, 1819. Height 5 ft. to 10 ft. Flowers whitish ; August. 2048 £. maculjita. § ii. Stems prickly, round, L. 9. S. China L. The Chinese Smilax. Identification. Lin. Sp. PI., 1459. ; Ait. Hort. Kew., ed. 2., 5. p. 388. Sijnonymes. China radix Bauh. Pin. 896. ; 5mllax ispera minor Plum. Ic. 183. j Sankira, viilga Qufiguara, &c., K^mpfer Amcen. Ex. p. 781. ; Cena gentila, Ital. Engravings. Blackw., 1.423.; Ksempf. Amten., t. 782.; Pluk. Amal., c. 408. S. 1.; and aoir fig. 2049. Spec. Char., Spc. Stem round, with a few spines ; leaves roundish-ovate, with acute points^ 5-nerved. (Willd.) An evergreen climbing shrub. China and Japan. Height 20 ft. Introduced in 1759. Flowers greenish white ; August. Berries red. The root is very large, fleshy, and reddish : it is used for food, in some parts of China, instead of rice ; and is considered extremely nourishing. Brown found it in abundance in Jamaica, where the roots are used to feed hogs. When first brought to Eng- land, it was cultivated in the stove: it was afterwards transferred to thegi-eeii-house ; and it has since been found hai'dy. f'Xl /LWSfe>\ a in 5'. ROTUNDIFoYlA i. 204&. S. China. 4. 10. The round-leaved Smilax. SO^V. S. lotuntiifulia. Idfntificatimi. Lin. Sp,, I46D. ; Pursh Fl. Amer. Sept , 2. p. 250. Engraving. Out Jig. ^050. Spec. Char., S^c. Stem round, somewhat prickly. Leaves roundish-ovate or cordate, very smooth, .5-nerved. Ber- ries spherical. (Willd.) A climbing evergreen shrub. North America, from Canada to Carolina. Height 6 ft. Introduced in 1760. fi. 11. iS lAURiFOLiA L. The Laurel-leaved Smilax. lientifioatiorL. Lin. Sp. PI., 1460. ; Pursh Fl. Amer. Sept., 1. p. 260. iji/nunymes. S. altera, &c.. Plum. Ic. ; S. Iffi'vis, Ac, Catesb. Car. 1. t. 15. Engravings. Cat. Car., 1. 1. 15. ; Plmn. Ic. ; and our fig. 2061. Spec. Char., Sfc. Stems round; main stem prickly. Branches unarmed. Leaves coriaceous, elliptic, 3- nerved. Umbels on very short peduncles. (Willd.) A very handsome evergreen climbing shrub. North America, in sandy boggy woods, from New Jersey to Georgia. Height 10 ft. to 12 ft. Introduced in 1739. Flowers greenish white ; August. Ben-ies black ; ripe in September and October. a. 12. S. rAMNoi'DEs L. The Black-Bryony-like Smilax. Identification. Lin. Sp. PI., 1460. ; Pursh Fl. Aracr. Sept., 1. p. 251. 2051. .s.lauiif6U» 'lxxix. 5mii,a''ce^ : smiYax. 1097 '^052. S. tamnSidfs. •2053. S. cadtica. ^nonyme. S, BrybmiB nlgrs, &c., Catesb. Car. 1 . t. 52. Engravings. Cat. Car., 1. 1. 53. ; and o\xr Jig. 2052. Spec. Char., Sf-c. Stem round and prickly. Leaves unarmed, cordate-oblong, 7-nerved. (WUld.) A climbing evergreen shrub, rather suffrutescent than woody. Virginia and Carolina, in sandy wet woods and bogs. Introduced in 1739. Flowers greenish white ; June and July. Berries black ; ripe in August and September. 1 13. S. CADU^CA L. The deciduous Smilax. Identification. Lin. Sp. PL, 1460. ; Pursh Fl. Amer. Sept., 1. p. 250. Etigraving. Ontfig. 20.'i3. Spec. Char., Src Stem round, prickly. Leaves unarmed, ovate, 3-nerved. ( Willd.') A deciduous climber, with a flexible stem, armed with a few short spines, black at the tip. Carthagena in New Spain, and Canada. Height 30 ft. Introduced in 1759. Flowers greenish vrhite ; July. Sparingly produced in British gardens. a. 14. S. GLAu'cA Simi. The glaucous Smilax. Identification. Sims in Bot. Mag., t. 1846. Engravings. Bot. Mag., t. 1846. i and our fig. 2109- in p. 1110. Spec. Char., Sgc. Stem round, prickly.- Leaves unarmed, rotund-ovate, mucro- nate, somewhat nerved, glaucous beneath. Peduncles, short, two-flowered. North America. Height 3 ft. Introd. 1815. Flowers greenish white; July. § iii. Stems unarmed, A-angled. {_ 15. S. Bo^NA-No'x L. The Bona-nox, or ciliated, Smilax. Identffiailion. Lin. Sp. PI., 1460. ; Pursh Fl. Amer. Sept., 1. p. 249. St/nonymes. S £spera Indis occidentaUs Bauh. Pin. ; 5. variegata Walt. Fl. Car. 244. Engravings. Pluk. Phyt., t. 111. f. 1. ; and oar fig. 2054. Spec. Char., S^c. Stalks unarmed, angular. Leaves cordate- ovate, with an acute point, ciliated, 7-nerved. (Willd.') An evergreen climbing shrub. Carolina and Georgia, in woods. Height 5 ft. to 10 ft. Introduced in 1739. Flowers greenish white ; June and July. Plukenet mentions a variety, which he has figured under the name of S. B. caro- liniana Pluk. Phyt. t. HI. f. 3. S. LATiFoYiA R. Br. The broad-leaved Smilax. Ideritificatiim. Brown Prod., 293. ; Ait. Hort. Kew., ed. 2„.5. p. 390. Engraving. Out fig. 2055. Spec. Char., S;c. Stem unarmed, an- gular. Leaves ovate ; base half- heart-shaped or obtuse, glabrous, 5-nerved; petioles bearing tendrils. (Brown.) An evergreen climbing shrub. New Hollancl. Height 3 ft. to 5 ft. Introduced in 1791. It was first placed in the green-house, but has since been found to stand out at Kew. 4. 17. S. auADRANGULAVis Muhl. The four-angled Smilax. IdcntificatiOTt, Muhl. in Flora Dan. ; Pursh Fl. Amer. Sept., 1. p. 249. 2056. s. (lundranguUms. Engravings. Dend. Brit., t. 109. ; and our fig, 2056. 2055. S.latlt61i». 1098 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. Spec. Char.,^c. Stem tetragonous. Leaves unarmed, ovate, acute, 5-nerved. {Willd.) An evergreen climbing shrub. North America. Height 5 ft. to 10 ft. Introduced in 1812. Flowers pinkish; June and July. Berries black ; ripe in September. § iv. Stems unarmed, round. S_ 18. iS". lancegla'ta li. The lanceolate-feawf/ Sinilax. Identification. Lin. Sp. PI., 1460. ; Pursh Fl. Amer. Sept., 1. p. 2.'i0. Sy7Ujny7nc . S. iion-spinbsa, &c., Cat. Car. Lngravmgs. Catesb. Car., 2. t. 84. ; and owr fig. 2057. Sj)ec. Char., Src Stem unarmed, round. Leaves unarmed, lanceolate. (Willd.) An evergreen climbing shrub. Carolina. Height 15 ft. to 20 ft. Introduced in 1785. Flowers greenish white ; luly and August. Berries red ; ripe in September. S_ 19. S. viRGiNiA^NA Mill. The Virginian Smilax. Identification. Mill. Diet,, No. 9. ; Mart. Mill., No. 20. 5 Lodd. Cat., ed. 1836. Engiaving. Pluk. Pliyt., t. 110. £ 4. ; and our^. 2058 Sj>e(:. Char., S^c. Stem prickly, angular. Leaves lanceolate, unarmed, acuminate. {Mill.) An evergreen climbing shrub. Virginia. Height 5 ft. to 10ft. Introduced in 1800. Flowers greenish white ; June and July. This species is somewhat tender ; but there are plants in the 8068. s. jiiBiniina. opcn grouud at Messrs. Loddiges's. 2057. S. lanceolktit. J. 20. S. pu'bera Willd. The downy Smilax. Identification. Willd. Sp. PI.. 4. ; Pursh Fl. Atner. Sept. 1., p. 250. Synoiiyjne. S. pQmila IValt. Car. 244. Engraving Our fig. 20-59. Spec. Char., Sfc. Stem unarmed, round. Leaves oblong, acute, cordate, indistinctly 5-nerved ; soft and pubescent beneath. Berries oblong, acute. ( Willd.) An evergi'een climbing shrub. North America. Height 10ft. to 12 ft. Introduced in 1806. Flowers greenish. Berries white. ^^^1 2039. S. piibera. Kinds of Smila,v which are either not introduced, or of which we have not seen the Plants. S. ovata Pursh Fl. Amer. Sept. 1. p. 249. — Stem subarmed ; leaves smooth, ovate, 3-nerved, and very shining on both sides ; berries black. A native of Georgia, near Savannah ; flowering in July. S. alba Pursh 1. c. p. 250. ■ — Stem subarmed, slightly angular ; leaves 3-nerved, lanceolate, coriaceous, glabrous ; berries white. Found by Walter in sandy ground on the edge of rivulets, in Carolina ; flowering in June. S. pandiirdta Pursh 1. c. p. 251. — Stem prickly; leaves ovate, fiddle- shaped, acuminate, 3-nerved ; smooth and shining on both sides. Found by Pursh, in sandy woods, from New Jersey to Carolina ; flowering in July. S. nigra W. and S. catalonica Poir. are natives of Spain, from which coun- try they were brought to England in 1817. The first is probably a black-ber- ried variety of S. aspera. S. horrida Desf. — A native of North America, introduced in 1820. S. VilldndsJa Ham., S. macrophylla Ro,Tb., (Royle 111. vol. 1. p. 384., and vol. 2. t. 94. fig. 2. ; and our fg. 2109. in p. 1110.) has elliptical, mucronate, S-nerved, smooth leaves. Mysore. Not yet introduced. S. alpha W. — A native of Greece, introduced in 1820. Lxxx. LiLiA^CEJE : i?u'scus. 1099 Order LXXX. ilLlA^CE^K. Obd. ChaS. Perianth regular, 6-parted. Stamens 6, opposite the segments, and inserted in their bases. Ovarium free. Sti//e 1. Capsule 3-celled, 3- valved, with a loculicidal dehiscence. Seeds many, generally flat, packed one above another, in one or two ranks ; testa spongy or dilated. Albumen fleshy. Embryo straight, having the radicle next the hilum. {G. Don.) Leaves simple, alternate or opposite, stipulate or exstipulate, deciduous or evergreen ; with parallel veins. Flowers mostly white. — Shrubs mostly evergreen ; natives of Europe, Asia, and America. In British gardens, the only genera which contain hardy ligneous plants are two ; which are thus contradistinguished : — iJu'scns. Flowers dioecious. Stamens 5, monadelphous; Style 1. Cells of berry 2-seeded. (G. Don.) Yu'ccA. Perianth campanulate. Stamens thickest at top. Stigma sessile. Capsule trigonal. Seeds flat. {G.Don.) In our first edition the shrubby species of j^sparagus are included, but they are here omitted as not being perfectly hardy. Genus I. n r W itU'SCUS i. The Butcher's Broo5i. im. 5t/sf. DioeViaTriandria. Identification. Lin. Gen., 634. ; Juss., 42. ; FI. Br., 1073. ; Tourn., t. 15. ; Lam., t. 815. j Gffirtn., t. 16. Synonymes. Fragon, Fr. ; Mausedom, Ger. ; Rusco, Ital. ■Derivation. It is said to iiave been anciently called Briiscus, from beux^ box, and kelem, holly {Celtic), box holly ; or from buxtis. box. Some suppose it to be derived from russus, flesh- coloured ; alluding to the colour of the fruit. The word ruscus was, however, applied to any prickly plant by the ancient Romans, as ruscus sylvestris,^the holly, &c. Gen. Char. Perianth 6-parted. Stamens 6, monadelphous, antheriferous in the male flowers, but naked in the female ones. Style 1. Berry globose, 3-celled; cells 2-seeded. {G.Don.) Leaves simple, alternate, exstipulate, evergreen ; alike green on both surfaces. Flowers rising from the midribs of the leaves ; always dioecious, except in R. racemosus. — Low evergreen shrubs, natives of Europe and Africa. Though, in a practical point of view, the species in British gardens are treated as evergreen shrubs, yet, in a strict sense, they are biennial plants, like the raspberry and the bramble. They all thrive in sandy soil, and are readily increased by division of the root. n. 1. R. aculea'tus L. The prickly, or common. Butcher's Broom. Identification. Lin. Sp. PI., 1474. ; Eng, Bot., t .■560. ! Eng^FL, 4 j. 235. ; Hook Br. Fl p. 431 . Svnorivmes. R. myrtiftilius aculeStus Tourn. Inst. ; Box Holly, Knee Holly, wild Myrtle, prickly Pettigree; Houx Frelon, petit Houx Buis piquant, Fragon ^pineux, Fragon piquant, Fr. ; Stech- ender Mausedom, Ger. ; Rusco, Ital. Engravings. Eng. Bot., t. 660. ; and our fig. 2060. Spec. Char., l^c. Leaves ovate, sharp-pointed, flowering on the upper side, without a leaflet. (Smith.) An evergreen sufl'rutescent plant. Britain. Heii'ht 1 ft. to 3 ft. Flowers greenish white ; March and April. Berries scarlet ; ripe in the beginning of winter; very ornamental. o. R. a. 2 rotundifblius Barrel. Ic. 517., Mart. Mill. R. vulgaris folio ampliore Dill. Elth. 333, 334.. t. 251. f. 324. — Leaves somewhat larger and rounder than those of the species. _ K. a. 3 Idxus Smith. R. laxus Lodd. Cat. ed. 1836. — Leaves elliptic, 1100 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. S060. A. aculeatus. acute at both ends, branches loose. li. flexuosus Mill. No. 6., Pro- fessor Martyn thinks, is probably this variety. The stems do not flower till the second year ; after which they die down to the ground, like those of the raspberry, and some species of 5'inilax and j^spa- ragus. The leaves are a continuation of the branches ; equally firm and equally durable, as they never drop off, but die along with the branch, or frond. The roots are thick, fleshy, white, branching at the crown, and after- wards twining about each other, and putting out -frequent fibres, like those of the asparagus ; oblique, and striking deep into the ground. The female flowers are succeeded by bright red berries, which are almost as large as wild cherries, and of a sweetish taste ; having two large orange-coloured seeds in each, gibbous on one side, flat on the other, and extremely hard. The green shoots are cut, bound in bundles, and sold to the butchers for sweeping their blocks ; whence the popular English name of butcher's broom. It is also used, in London, by the manufacturers of cigars, &c., for sprinkling the saline liquor over the tobacco leaves. The tender young shoots, in spring, are sometimes gathered and eaten by the poor, both in England and France, like those of asparagus. Planted under trees or shrubs, the ifuscus aculeatus will spread into large clumps, especially in loamy soil ; and, as it retains its leaves all the winter, it has a good effect as a low undergrowth, more especially as it will live in situations so shady as to be unfit for almost any other plant. J, 2. B. hypophy'llum L. The under-leaf Ruscus, or broad-leaved Butcher's Broom. Idenifflcation. Lin. Sp., 1474. ; Ait. Hort., ed. 2., 5. p. 420. Synonj/mes. JR. latifftlius, &c., Tourn. Inst. 79. ; ialirus alexandrlna Lob. Adv., ^c. .509. ; Fragon sans Foliole, Fr. ; breitbliittriger Mau- sedorn, Ger. ; Bopifaccia Jial. Engravings. Bot. Mag., 2040. ; and our.^. 2061. Spec. Char., Sfc. Flowers produced underneath the leaves. (Willd.) A low evergreen shrub. Italy and Africa. Height 2 ft. to 3 ft. Introduced in 1683. Flowers whitish ; May and June. Berries red, about the size of those of the common juni- per ; ripe in September and October. Fm-ieti/. -" R. A. 2 trifoliatum. B. trifoliatus Mill. No. 5. — Leaves ovate-acuminate, placed by threes, with flowers on their upper sides. It is a na- tive of Zante, and some other of the Greek islands, where it grows about 2 ft. high. 2061. «. hjpophjiium. S 3. B. (h.) .Hypoglo'ssum L. The Under-tongue Ruscus, or double- leaved Butcher's Broom. Identiflcalion. Lin. Sp., 1474, ; Ait. Hort. Kew., 5. p. 421. Synonymes. R. angustifblius, &c. Tourn. Inst. 79. ; Hypogl6ssum Lob. Adv. 284. ; Uvularia Brunf. 3. 96, 97. ; Fragon i Foliole, Fr. j Zungen Mausedorn, Ger. ; Lingua pagana, Ital. Engravings. Lob. Adv. Ic, 638. ; Barrel. Ic, 260. ; Blackw., t. 128. : and our Jig. 2062. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves floriferous underneath, with leaflet. (Willd.) A low evergreen shrub. Italy, Idria, Hungary ; and Africa, about Algiers. Height 8 ft. to 10 ft. Introduced in 1596. Flowers pale yellow ; April and May. Berries red, almost as large as those of ii. aculeatus ; ripening in winter. 206a. Ji. i/jpogldssum. LXXX. ilLIA^CE^ : YjfCCA. 1101 «- 4. R. EACEMO^sus L. The racemose Ruscus, or Alexandria Laurel, Identification. Lin. Sp., 1474. ; Ait. Hort. Kew., ed. 2., 5. p. 421. Syrumymes. R. angustifdlias, fructu summis ramulis, &c., Toum. Inst. 79., D« Ham. Arb. 4. ; Fragon & Grappes, Fr. ; Trauben Mausedorn, Ger. ; Lauro ideo, Ital. Engravings. Dend. Brit., 1. 145. ; our fig. 2063. to our usual scale ; and.fe. 2064. of tho natural size. Spec. Char., Sfc. Flowers hermaphrodite, produced at the ends of the branches. (Willd.) A low evergreen shrub. Portugal. Height 4 ft. In- troduced in 1739. Flowers greenish yellow; May. Berries red, with a round coriaceous white disk at the base ; ripening during winter. According to some, this species is supposed to be the plant with which the ancients crowned their victors ; but, though the stalks are flexible enough to wreath easily, and the leaves resemble those represented on ancient busts, yet the fruit being terminal, does not agree nearly so well with the fruit represented in the crowns on these busts as that of the iaurus nobilis, which is axillary, and reseriibles that shown in the coronal wreaths of classical sculpture. 2065. R. racemosus. 2064. R. racembsus. Genus II. f il Lin. St/st. Hexandria YU'CCA L. The Yucca, or Adam's Needle. Monogynia. Identification. Lin. Sp., 466. ; Ait. Hort. Kew., ed. 2., 2. 291. ; N. Du Ham., 3. 14.5. Derivation. The name of the plant in Peru. Gen. Char. Perianth campanulate, 6-parted, regular. Stamens 5, thickest at top. Anthers small. Stigmas sessile. Capsule oblong, bluntly trigonal ; 3-celled, 3-valved, many-seeded. Seeds flat. (G. Don.) Leaves simple, alternate, exstipulate, evergreen ; ensiform, pointed. Flowers large, white ; disposed in spikes or panicles, terminal. — Shrubs ever- green, with the habit of palm trees ; natives of North and South America, chiefly on the sea coast. In British gardens, most of the species are somewhat tender. They prefer a dry and deep sandy soil, or a sandy loam ; and they are readily propagated by suckers, which are thrown up by the roots, or by side shoots, which are occasionally produced on the stem. They sometimes ripen seed.s, wl ich, if sown immediately after they are gathered, and placed in. a moderate h t-bed, will come up in six weeks. In their native countries, their leaves, eated like the stalks of hemp or flax, afford a fibre which may be used like mat of those plants, in the manufacture of cloth or cordage ; and the stems, mace- rated in water, deposit a feculent matter, from which starch may be procured. In a floricultural point of view, all the species are highly ornamental ; and no lawn or flower border ought to be without some of them. As the yucca grows naturally on the sea shore, it is particularly adapted for marine gardens. 1. Y. GLORio^SA L. The glorious Yucca, or Adam's Needle. Identmcation. Lin. Sp., 466. ; Ait. Hort. Kew., ed. 2., 2. p. 291. Svnonymes. Y. canadtaa Aid. Hort. Par. 33. ; Y. indica, &c.,Barr. Bar. 70. 1. 1194. ; Y., or Ytcca, peruana Ger. Emac. 1543. ; Y. n6va glori&sa, &c., hob. Adv. 2. p. 507. ; the superb Yucca; Yuwa iiain : Yucca k Feuilles entiirea, Fr. \ prachtiger Yukka, Ger. Engravings. Bot. Mag., 1. 1260. ; and our.^. 206.5. 1102 ARBORETUM ET FRUTICETUM BRITANNICUM. Spec. Char., ^c. Leaves entire. (IVilld.) A low evergreen shrub. Virgi- nia and Carolina. Height 2 ft. to 5 ft., rarely 10 ft. Introduced in 1596. Flowers white ; July and August. Y. g. 2film variegatis Lodd. Cat. ed. 1836. — Leaves variegated, eaves are broad and stiff, Variety. a The but thin : they are of a very dark green, and end in a sharp black spine. The flower-stalk is gene- rally about 3 ft. high, branching out on every side to a considera- ble distance ; but the flowers are very wide asunder on the stalk. Sometimes the panicles of flowers spring at once from the centre of the leaves, without the interven- tion of a stalk. The flowers are bell-shaped, and hang downwards ; and each petal is white within, but is marked with a purple stripe on the outside. They are scent- ^oss. r.sianbsa. less, and are seldom succeeded by seeds in England. The fibres of the leaves are used by the Indians to make a kind of cloth, and also cords, which they use to fasten their houses to- gether, and to make their swing beds, called hammocks. At Carthagena, a starch, or rather glue, is made from the stem, which may be eaten or made into paste. B- 2. Y. (g.) supe'rba. The superb Yucca. Identification. Haworth Suppl., Plant. Suec, p. 35. ; Bot. Reg., 1698. Synonyme. Y. gloribsa Ajifl. Bot. Rep. t 473. Engravings. Bot. Rep., t. 473. ; Bot. Reg., t. 1698- ; and our;5^. 2066. Spec. Char., Sf-c. Stem arborescent. Leaves sword- shaped and plaited, with a very strong spine. Flowers ovate, bell-shaped, and drooping; pure white. (^And.) A low evergreen shrub, resembling the preceding species, but rather larger in all its parts. 2066. Y. (g.) supfirba ■a- 3. Y. ^LOiFo^LiA L. The Aloe-leaved Yucca, or Adarti's Needle. Idcntijication. Lin. Sp., 4.57. ; Ait. Hort. Kew., ed 2., 2. p. 291, Synohi/mes. Y. arbort^scens, &c., Dill. Elth. 435. ; Y. caul^scens Michx. Ft. Eor. Amer 5 p 196 Engravings. Dil. Elth., t. 323. f. 416. ; Bot. Mag., t. 1700. ; and our^. 2067. Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves crenulate, stiff. (WUld.) A low tree, with the habit of a palm. South America. Height 10 ft. to 12 ft. Introduced in 1696. Flowers white ; August and September. Variett/. H- Y. a. 2 pendida Cat. Hort. Par. p. 24. — Leaves pendent. This species has a thick tough stem or trunk, crowned with a head or tuft of stiff narrow light green leaves, the edges of which are .slightly serrated, and the points ending in sharp, strong, very hard spines. The flower-stalk rises from the centre of the leaves, and is 2 or 3 feet high, branching out so as to form a pyramid. The flowers grow close to the branches, and form a regular spike : they are pur- plish without and white within. When the flowers LXXX. ilLIA^CEiE : YU'CCA. 1103 20GS- Y. dracbnis. have dropped, the head from which they sprang dies ; but, generally, one or two young heads come out from the side of the stalk, below the old head. Rather more tender than Y. gloriosa. • 4. Y. draco'nis L. The Dragon Yucca, or drooping-leaved Adam's Needle. Identification. Lin. Sp., 457. ; Ait. Hort. Kew,, ed. 2., 2. p. 291. Synonyme. Drac6ni ferbori, &c., Bauh, Pin. 506. Engravings. Dill. Elth., 324. 117. j Bot Reg., 1. 1894. ; and our.^. 2068. Spec. Char.., Sfc. Leaves crenated, nodding. ( Witld.) A low evei'green shrub. South Carolina. Height 3 ft. to 4 ft. ; some- times 6 ft. Introduced in 1732. Flowers white ; October and November. Leaves narrow, dark green, hanging down, serrated, and ending in acute spines. Flowers pendulous, milk-white, with a strong unpleasant smell. One of the most stately species of the genus, conveying no bad idea of a palm tree. The great peculiarity by which it appears to be distinguished is, the spreading of the flowers, the segments of which, instead of remaining closed in a globose manner, as in most of the other species, expand till they diverge from the flower-stalk nearly at a right angle. » 5. Y. STRi'cTA Sivis. The upright Yucca, or ZiyorCs narrow-leaved Adam's Needle. Identification. Sims in Bot. Mag., t. 2222. Engravings. Bot. Mag., t. 2222. ; and our.^g. 2069. Spec. Char., 4"C. With a stem. Leaves linear- lanceolate, very stiff'; elongated at the apex. Flower stem branched at the base ; branches simple. Flowers orbiculate, bell-shaped. {Sims.) An evergreen shrub. Carolina. Height 4 ft. to 5 ft. Introduced in 1817. Flowers large, green- ish white, with a purplish tinge ; July and August. The leaves are very long, straight, and tapering to a long point, with a very few scattered threads on the margin. They are of a deep green edged with yellow, and rigid in texture. n. 6. Y. RECURViFO^LiA Salisb. The recurved-leaved Yucca. Idmtfflcation. Salisb. in Parad. Lond., 31. ; Pursh FI. Amer. Sept., 1. p. 228. Synonyme. T. rec6rva Hort. Engraving, Oar Jig. . in p. .Spec. Char., Rajinesqtte.j Ramond. Ray. R.Br. 1 - R. Brown. 5 Red. \ Redouie. J Reich, - Rcncavlm. O. Oeder. A Danish botanist. Opiz. A German botanist. Pallas. A Russian traveller and naturalist. Parmenlier. A French nursery- man. Parkinson, An old botanical au- thor. Pavon. A Spanish botanist. George Penny. A botanist and nurserjrman. Perrottet. A French botanist. Persoon. A French botanist and botanical author. Pursh. A Prussian botanist, and traveller in North America. Pliny. An ancient naturalist, and classic author. i. Flukenett. A Dutch botanist. Poiret. A French botanical writer. Poiteau and Turpin. French bo- tanical draughtsmen. Pollich. A German writer on the plants of the Palatinate. Portuguese, J, Potts. A collector of plants in China. Pourret. A French botanist. Presl. A Bohemian botanist. Pursh. A Prussian botanist, and traveller in North America. K. Ruiz and Pavon. Spanish bota- nists and travellers in Peru and Chile. Rcemer et Schuliz. German bota- nists. Rafinesque Schmalz. A botanical author. Ramond. A French botanist. John Ray. A celebrated botanist and naturalist. Br. Robert Brown, F.R.S., ^c. A distinguished English botanist, and traveller in New Holland, Redouts. A French botanist. Reichenbach. A German bota. nist. P. Reneaulme. Author of " Spe- cimen Historiee Plantarum." 1611. ?t-) t.j Robs. - Rom. et Schult. Ro3m Schult. Ronalds. Rossm'dssler. • Rott. Roxb. Boyle. - Ruiz et Pav, ' Ruiz et Pa- ' von. Russ. Russ. Sab. 1 Sabine. J 5a/. 7 Salisb. S Sang. ,^f] - Santi. Schiede Deppe. Schl. - ScMecht. Scklecht. etl Cham, j Schleicher. Schrad. 7 Schrader. $ Schrank. Schreb. - Schubert. Schult. 7 Schultes.y Scop. Ser. 7 Seringe.y Sibth. - Sieb. Sieb. Sievers. Sims* Smith qf Ayr. Sol. 7 Soland. j Soulange- 7 Bodin. J Spach. - Span. Retzius. A German botanist Richard. A French botanist. Dr, Richardson. A traveller in the northern parts of British America, and author of the Ap- pendix on Natural History to Franklin's " Travels." Robson. An English botanist. Rcemer, a German botanist ; and Schuliz, a Bavarian botanist. Ronalds, A nurseryman at Brent- ford. Rossm'dssler. A German ento- mologist. Bottler. A German missionary, Roxburgh. An Indian botanist. Dr. Boyle, F.R.S., ^c. Prof of Mat. Med. in King's College. Author of" Illustrations of the Natural History and Botany of the Himalayas," &c. Buiz and Pavon, Spanish bota- nists, and travellers in Peru and Chile. Russell. A botanist of Aleppo. Russian. S. J. Sabine, F.R.S., S^c. A great encourager of natural history, botany, and gardening. Salisbury. An eminent English botanist. SaTig. A Scotch nurseryman and author. Santi. An Italian botanist. Schiede and Deppe. Writers on the botany of Mexico. Schleicher. A Swiss plant-col- lector. Schlechtendahl. A celebrated German botanist. Schlechtendahl and Chamisso Two German botanists. Schleicher. A Swiss plant-col- lector. Schmidt. A German botanic*! author. Schrader. A German botanist. Schrank. A Bavarian botanist. Schreber. A German botanist. Schubert. A Polish botanist. Schultes, A Bavarian botanist. Scopoli. An Italian botanist. Seringe. A Swiss botanist Sibthorp. An English botanist, and professor of botany at Oxford, traveller in Greece, and author of " Flora Grasca." Sieber. A botanical collector. Siebold {Dr. von). A Bavarian botanist, who has imported many valuable plants from Japan. Sievers. A German botanist. Si77is. An English garden bo- tanist. Sir J. E. Smith. Founder of the Lin. Soc, and author of several botanical works. Smith. Nurseryman of Ayr. Solander. A Swedish botanist, and companion of Sir Joseph Banks in Cook's voyage rouud the world. Soulange~Bodin. A French bo- tanist and horticulturist. Spach. A writer in the " Annaies des Sciences Naturelles." Spanish. LIST OF BOOKS REFERRED TO. 1123 Spr. I Spreng.S Steph. > Stephens. S Stev. I Steven, y Stokes. - Svejtks. Sweet. Sieed. Swt - Sprengel. A German botanist. Stephens. A British entomologist. Steven. A Russian botanist Stokes. An English physician. Svenks. A Swedish botanical author. See Swt. Sii'edish. Sweet An English botanist. Su'a7'tz. A Swedish botanist, and traveller in the ^Vest Indies. Tttusch. Tav. Ten. l Tenore.S Theoph. Thore. - Thory. Thoitin. Thuil. 7 Thuillier. S Thun. I Thunb. S T. Nees ah E. Torrey. - Torr. et Gray. Trag. Trat. Vahl. Vail. Tausch. A German botanist. Tavemier. A traveller in the East. Tenore. A Neapolitan botanist. T/teopJirastns. Thore. A French botanist. Thory. A French botanist. Thoujn. A French botanist. TJiiiilUcr. A French botanist. Thunbrrg. A Swedish botanical traveller. T. Nees ab Esenbeck. A German botanist. Torrey. An American botanist. T>rs. Torrey and Gray. Authors of the " Flora of North America." Tournefort. An old French bo- tanist, and traveller in Greece and Asia Minor. Tragus or JBoclf. A German bo- tanist. Traitinik. A botanist of Vienna, Vahl. A botanical author. Vaillant. A French botanist and traveller. Ventenat. A French botanist. Ver%. - Vest. Viil. 1 Villars. J Vin. Vis. ViUn. Viv. Wahlenb. Wal. X Waldst.S Waldst. et Kit. Walker. i Wallr. - Walt. Wang. Wangenh. Wangen' heim. J Wats. 7 Watson. 3 Webb. - Weike etNees. Wendl. Wicks. - Willd. - Wood. 7 Woods. S Woodv. Wulf. - Ho.ffinan''s Verzeichnungen Uber Pyrus J\si. A Styrian botanist. Villars. A French botanist. Jacquin^s " Hortus Vindobo- nensis.'" Dr. Visiani, A writer on the Flora of Dalmatia. Vitmann. A German botanist. Viviani. An Italian botanist. W. Willdenow. A German botanist, and editor of an edition of Lin- neeus's " Species Plantarum," &c. Waklenbcrg. A Swedish botanist. Waldstein. A noble German patron of botany. Waldstein and Kitaibel. Authors of the " Flora of Hungary." Dr. Walker. A Scotch writer oui plants. Wallich. Superintendent of the Botanic Garden at Calcutta. Wallroih. A German botanist. Walter. A writer on the " Flora of Carolina." Wangenheim. A German bccanist. Watson. An English writer upon trees and shrubs. Webb. An English botanist and author. Weike and Nees. Two German writers on Jixlhi. Wendland. A German garden bo- tanist. Wicksirom. A German botanist. See W. Woods. An English writer on roses. Woodvillc. An English botanist. Wulfen. A German botanist. LIST OF BOOKS REFERRED TO, THE TITLES OF WHICH ARE ABRIDGED IN THE TEXT. A. Abhitdungderdeutschm Holxartm,Sic. F. GuJm- pel, C. L. Willdenow, and F. G. Hayne, Abbil- dung der deutschen Holzarten, &c. Berlin, 1820. 4to,pl.216.' ^ ^ „ . ,_ AbbOdung der fremden in DeutscMand aus- dauemden Holzartm. ^c. ¥ Guimpel, Abbil- dnngen der fremden m Deutschland aus- dauemden Holzarten, mit Angabe der Cultur Ton F. Otto, und Beschreibvuig von F. G. Hajne. Berlin. 1819—182.5. 4to. „ . ^, „ , , „,., Abb. Inst. See Abbott and Smith's Natural His- tory of Georgia. . ^ .v i Abb.a,^ Smith, Ins. ,f Georgia. See ibid. Abbott and Smith's Insects of Georgia. See AMM and Smith's Natural History of Georgia. Abbott and Smith's Natural History of the Le- pidopterous Insects of Georgia. London. 2vd1s. jlCvs Chin Personal Observations made during >hp Proeress of the British Embassy to China, and on its Voyage to and from that Country m ?he years 1816 and 1817. By Clerk Abel. Lond. 1818. 4to. Abhand. K'onig. Akad. V/issens. Berlin. Abhand- lungen der Fhysikalischen Kasse der Kdnig- lich.Preussischen Akademie der Wissen- Echaften aus den Jahren 1820 und 1821. Berlin, 1822. 4to. Achar. Acad. Handl. Acharius in Kdnigl. Veten- skaps-Academiens Handlinger. 1741, and con- tinued. 8vo. Act.Gall. MemoiresderAcademieRoyaledeParis. Act. Nat. Cur, Acta Natura: Curiosorum, No- rimberg.'E et Bonnie. 1730, and continued. 410. Act. Nat. Scrut. Berl. Beschaftigungen der Berlinischer Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde. Berlin, 1775, and continued. 8vo. Act. Petrop. Commentarii Acadeniiai Scientiarum Imperialis Petropolitanai. Petropoli, 1728— 1761. 14vols. 4to. Act. Soc. Batav. Verhandellngen van het Ha. taafsch Genootschapp der Proefondervindelyka wysbegeerte te Rotterdam. Rotterdam, 1774, and continued. 4to. ^ Act. Suec. Acta Literaria Sueciaj. Upsal, 1720, &c. 4to. Act, Taur. M^moires de I'Acad^mie Royale del Sciences de Turin. 4to. 1782—1816. 4C 2 1124 LIST OF BOOKS REFERRED TO. Adans, Fam. Families des Plantes, &c. By Michael Adanson. Paris, 1763. 2 vols. 8to. AJz. Bos. Suec. Tent. Afzelius (Ad.), De Rosis Suecauis Tentaraina. Upsal, 1804—1807. 4to. Agriculf. Manual. The Agriculturist's Manual ; being a familiar Description of the Agricultural Plants cultivated in Europe, including Practical Observations, &c By P. Lawson and Son. Edinb. 1836. 8vo. Aii. Hort. Kew. W. Alton's Hortus Kewensis. A Catalogue of Plants Cultivated in the Royal Gardens at Kew. Lond. 1810. 5 vols. 8vo. Aid. Hort. Far. Aldinus (Tob.). Descriptio ra- riorum Plantarum in Horto Farnesiano. Romffi, 1625. fol. All. Fed. AUioni (C), Flora Pederaontana, sive Enumeratio methodica Stirpium indigenarum Pedemontii. Aug. Taur. 1785. 3 vols. fol. pi. 92. Alp. Eg. Prosper Alpinus, De Plantis ^gypti Liber. Venetiis, 1592. 4to. Alp. Exot. Alpinus (P.), De Plantis Exoticis Libri ii. Edidit (A.) Alpinus. Venetiis, 1629. 4to. Alpin. Exot. Id., De Plantis Exoticis Libri duo. Venetiis, 1629. 4to. Am. Acad. Amoenitates Academics, seuDisser- tationes variffl Physicje, &c. By Linnaeus and his Pupils. Eriangen, 1790. 10 vols. Anier. Lye. N. H. of New York. Annals of the Ijyceum of Natural History of New York. New 1 ork, 1824, and continued. Svo. Amm. Ruth, See Ammann Stirp. Ruth. Ammiznn Stirp. Ruth. Ammann (Johan.), Stir- pium rariorum in Imperio Rutheno sponte pro- venientium Icones et Descriptiones, Petrop. 1739. 4to. Anderson MS. Geo. Anderson, Esq., Tooley Street and North Mimms, Herts. Andr. Bat. Rep. The Botanist's Repository for New and Rare Plants. By H. C. Andrews. Lond. 1797. et seq . 10 vols. 4to. Andr. Heaths. Coloured Engravings of Heaths, with botanical descriptions. Id. Lond. 1802— 1809. 3 vols. fol. An. Hort. Soc. Par. See Annales de la Societe d^ Horticulture de Paris. Anleit. die B'dume und Stra7iche Oesterreichs, 8(c. Gemeiiifassliche Anleitung die Biiurae und Strauche Oesterreichs aus den Blattern zu er- kennen. Von Franz Hoss. Vienna, 1830. 12mo. Ann. d'Hort. See Annales de la SociStS d' Hor- ticulture de Paris. Annales d'Hort. de Parts. See-ibid. A7inales de la Societe d' Horticulture de Paris. In monthly Nos. 8vo. 1827, and continued; amounting, in 1837, to 21 vols. 8vo. Annales du MusSe. Annales du Museum d'His- toire Naturelle. Paris. 8vo. Begun in 1802, and continued, Ann. du Mus. d'Hist. Nat. de Paris. See An- nales du Musee. Ann. Lye. See Amer. Lye. N. R. of New York. Ann. of Bot. Annals of Botany. By C. KOnig and J. Sims. Lond. 1805, 1806. 2 vols. 8vo. Ann. Sc. Nat. Annales des Sciences Naturelles, &c. Paris. 8vo. Ann. Nat. Hist. Annals of Natural History. By Sir W. J. Hooker and others. Antoine^s Coniferen. Die Coniferen, &c. By Franz Antoine. Arb. Brit. Arboretum et Fruticetum Britanni- cum. 1st ed. Ard. Mem. Pietro Arduini, Memoria di Osser- vazioni e di Sperienze sopra la Coltura e gli Usi di varie Piante. Padova, 1776. 4to. Asiat.' Research. Asiatic Researches ; or, Trans- actions of the Society instituted in Bengal, for enquiring into the History, the Antiquities, the Arts and Sciences, and Literature of Asia. Calcutta, 1788, continued. Asso Si/n. Arr. Ignatius De Asso, Synopsis Stirpium indigenarum Arragonias. Marsilise, 1779. 4to. Audib. Cat. Audibert of Tarascon's Nursery Catalogue. Balh. Cat. Taur. Balbis (J. B.), Catalog! Horti Botanic! Taurinehsis. 1805—1813. 8vo. Banist. Cat. Stirp. Virg. Herbarium Virgmu anum : or, an Account of such Plants as J. Ba- nister sent the Designs of to the Bishop of London, published in James Petiver's Memoirs for the Curious. 1767. Banks. Herb. The Banksian Herbarium, now in the British Museum. Banks Icon. Kamipf. Josephus Banks, Icones selectffi Plantarum quas in Japonia collegit et dellneavit E. Keempfer. Lond. 1791. fol. Barrel. Icon. See Barrelier Plantes, Sfc. Barrelier Plantes per Galliam, 8jc, Plantae per Galliam Hispaniam et Italiam observat£e. By Jacob Barrelier. Paris, 1714. Fol. Earr. Bar. See Barrelier PlantcE, Sgc. Bart. Cat. Bartram's Catalogue of American Trees and Shrubs. Bart. Fl. Vir. Barton (W. P. C). A Flora of North America. Philadelphia, 1831. 8vo. Bartram Itin. See Bartram's Travels. Bartram's Travels. Travels through South and North Carolina. By William Bartram. Phi- ladelphia, 1791. 1 vol. 8vo. Bartram Trav., ed. Germ. William Bartram's Reisen durch Nord- und Sud-Carolina, aus dem Erlglischen, von E. A. W. Ziramermann. Berol. 1793, 8vo. Batard Suppl. Supplement S PEssai sur la . Flore du Departement de Maine et Loire. By T. Bastard, or Batard. Angers, 1812. 1 fasc, 12mo. Bat. Fl. Main, et Loire Suppl. See Batard Suppl. Baudrill. Traite, 8fC. Traite General des Eaux etForets, Chasses, et Peches. By Baudrillart, and others, Paris, 1825, 5 vols. 4to. Bauh. (J:) Hist. Historia Plantarum universalis. By J. Bauhin. Ebroduni, 1650, 1651. 3 vols, folio. Bauh. Pin. Pinax Theatri Botanici. By C. Bauhin. BasilcEe. Ed. 1., 1623; ed. 2., 1671. 4to. Bauh. Prod. Prodromus Theatri Botanici. Frank. Main. 1620. Baum. Cat. Catalog! Horti Bollwylleriani. By the brothers Baumann. 1810 — 1814. Bau- mann's Catalogue for 1838 forms an article in an Appendix to the larger Arboretum. Baxt. Brit. Fl. PI. British Pheenogamous Bo- tany ; or. Figures and Descriptions of the Genera of British Flowering Plants. By W, Baxter, A.L.S., Curator of the Oxford Botanic Garden. Oxford, In monthly Nos. 8vo. 3vols. published in 1837. Bcehst. Forsib. Bechstein (J. M.), Forstbotanik, &c. Gotha, 1821. 8vo. Beech. Voy. Pt. Bot. Voyage to the Pacific and Behring's Straits, to co-operate with the Polar Expeditions in 1825—1828. Lond. 1831. In 2 parts, 4to. BeUardi App. ad Fl. Fed. Appendix ad Floram Pedemontanam. 1790 and 1791, 8vo. Bell.Conifer. De Arboribus coniferis, vesiniferis, aliisque sempiterna Fronde virenLihus. By Pierre Belon, or Bellon. Paris, 1553. 4to. Bell. It. Bellon (P.), Plurimarum singularium et memorabilium Rerum in Grcecia, &c. Ant- verpiEE, 1589. 8vo. Bellon, Obs. Bellonii Observationes in Clusii Exoticarum Libri x. 1605. Fol, pi. 237. Berl. MSS. Berlandier's MSS. Sertol. PI. Gen. Plants; Genuenses quas annis 1802, 1803 observavit et recensuit A. Bertoloni. Genua, 1804. 8vo, Besl. Epst. See Best. Hort. Eysi. Besl. Hort. Eyst. Vern. Ord. Hortus Eystetten- sis. By Basilius Besler. Nuremberg, 1612. 2 vols. fol. Besser En. PI. Volhyn. See Besser Enum. Fl. Volh., Sic. Besser Enum. PL Pod., Sec. See ibid. Bess. Enum. PI. Volh. Enumeratio Plantarum Volhyniae, Podoliae, &c. By W. J. J. Besser. VilniE, 1822. 8vo. Bess. Prim. Fl. Gal. PrimitiK Florae Galiciaa. Id. Vienna, 1809, 2 vols. 12mo. Bibliotheca Gcoponica. A work of the late Mr. Forsyth, not yet published. Bibliotheque Physico-iconomique. BibliothSquo LIST OF BOOKS REFERRED TO. 1125 Physico-E'conomique.Instructive.etAmusante. 1794. Bibl. Univ. Bibliotbeque UniverscUe de Gen6ve. Geneva. 8vo. Bibl. Univ. de Geneve. See Bibl. Univ. Bieb. Casp. Beschreibung der Lander zwischen den Fliissen Terek und Kur am Caspischen Meere. By L. B. F. Marschall de Bieberstein. Frankfurt am Mayn, 1800. 8vo. Bieb. Cent. PL Bar. Centuria Plantarum rari- orum Rossiee meridionalis, praesertim Tauriae et Caucasi. Id. Charkov. 1810. fol. Bieb. Fl. Taur.-Cauc. Flora Taurico-Caucasica, exhibens stirpes phsenogamas in Chersoneso- Taurica et Regionibus Caucasicis sponte cres- centes. Id. Charkov. 1808 — 1819. 3 vols. 8vo. Bieb. FL Taur. SuppL See Bieb. Supp. Bieb. Supp. Flora Taurico-Caucasica. Vol. III., sen Supplementum. Id. Charkov. 1819. 8vo. Big, Med. BoL American Medical Botany. By J. Bigelow. Boston, 1817—1821. 8vo. Biv. SL Sic. Mant. Stirpium rariornm in Sicilia provenientium Manip. Panorm. 1813—1816. 4 vols. 8vo. Black. Herb. A curious Herbal ; containing 600 Cuts of the Useful Plants. By Elizabeth Black- well. London, 1737. 2 vols. fol. Biack. Icon. See Black. Herb. Blum. Bijdr. See Blume Bijdr. Fl. Ind. Blum. Bijdr. FL Ind. Bijdragen tot de Flora van nederlandsche Indie. By C. L. Blume. Batavia, 1825, 1826, Blume FLJav. Florae Javge et Insularum adja- centium. By C. L. Blume and J. B. Fischer. Bruxellis, 1828. Fol. Bocc. Muss. Museo dl Piante rare delta Sicilia, Malta, Corsica, Italia, Piemonte, e Germania. By Paulo Boccone. Venetia, 1697- 4to. Boerh. Lugd. Index Plantarum quae in Horto Acad. Lugduno-Batavo reperiuntur. By H. Boerhaave. Lugd. Bat. 1710. 4to. Boissi.Not. Boissier, Notice surl'AbiesPinsapo. Geneva, 1839. Bon Jard. Le Bon Jardinier, contenant las Principes generaux de Culture, &c. Paris, 12ino. A volume yearly. Bark. Holz. Beschreibung der in den Hessen- Darmstadtischen Landen im Freien wachsen- den Holzarten. By M.B. Borkhausen. Frankf. Main, 1790. 8vo. Borrer MSB. Manuscript Information re- ceived from W. Borrer, Esq. Bosc Act. Soc. Hist. Nat. Par. Actes de la So- ciete d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris. Paris, 1792- Fol. Bosc Did. d'Agric. Nouveau Cours complet d' Agriculture th^orique et pratique. New edition. Paris, 1821—1823. 16 vols. 8vo. Bosc MSm. sur les Chines. Memoires sur les dif- ferentes esp^ces de Chenes qui croissent en France. By L. Bosc. Paris, 1808. 4to. Botanist. TheBotanist. Conducted by B.Maund, Esq., F.L.S., assisted by Professor Henslow. In monthly Nos.Svo. Botaniste Cultivateur ; or Description, Culture, and Use of the greatest Part of the Plants, Fo- reign and Indigenous, which are cultivated in France and England, according to the Method of Jussieu. By Duraont De Courset. Paris, 1802, 5 vols. 8vo. ; ed. 2. Paris, 1811, 6 vols. 8vo. Supplement on vol. vii. 1814. Bat. Cab. See Lodd. Bot. Cab. Bat. Cult. See Botaniste Cultivateur. Bot. Gard. See Maund's Bot. Gard. Bot. Mag. See Curt. Bot. Ma^. Bot. Beg. Mon. Chron. Chronicle of New Plants published monthly at the end of the " Bo- tanical Register. " . , „ . ^ t ^ Bot. Beg. Edwards's Botanical Register. Lond. 8vo. Begun in 1815, and continued monthly. Conducted now by Dr. Lindley. Bot. Bep. See Andr. Bot. Rep. Bot. Zeit. Botanische Zeitung. Boutclter's Treatise on raising Forest Trees. Edinb. 1775. 4to. ^ ^ . - Brej/n. Cent. Exoticarum Plantarum Centuria. By .Tacobus Breynius. Gedani, 1678. Fol. Brit. Fl. Gard. See Sweet. Bromel. ChL Goth. Chloris Gothica, By Olaus Bromelius. Gothoburgi, 1694. 8vo, B?'ong. Mthn. Rhavi, Memoire sur la Famille des Rharauees ; ou Histoire Naturelle et M6- dicale des Genres qui composent ce Group des Plantes. Par Adolphe Brongniart. Paris, 1826. 4to. Brot. Flor. Lus. See Brotero's Flora Lusitanica. Brotero^s FL Lus. See ibid. Broterd's Flora Lusitanica. Olissiponas, 1804. 2 vols. 8vo. Brot. Phyt. Phytographia Lusitania; selection By FeUx Avellar Brotero. Glissiponse, 1801. fol. Brown Prod. Prodromus Florae Novbg Hol- landiae et Insulee Van Diemen. By Robert Brown. Lond. 1810. 8vo. Buck FL Can. Von Buch's Flora of the Canaries. Bull FL Par. Flora Parisiensis. By BuUiard. Paris. 1776— 1780. 5 vols. 8vo. Bull. Herb. Herbier de la France Id. 1780 et scq. fol. pi. 600. BttU. Soc. Nat. Mus. Bulletin des Sciences Naturelles de Moscou. Burgsd. Anleit. Burgsdorf (F.A.L.), Anleitung zur sichern Erziehung und zweck"iassigen Anpflanzung der einheimischen und iremden Holzarten welche in Deutschland und unter ahnlichen Klima im freien fortkomnien. 1795. 2 vols. 8yo. Buxb. Cent. J. C. Buxbaum, Plantarum minus cognitarum Centuriae quinque. Petropoli, 1728—1740. 5 vols. 4to. Buxb. Hal. Id., Enumeratio Plantarum in Agro Hallense crescentium. Halee, 1721. 8vo. Cal. Mem. Memoirs ol the Caledonian Horti- cultural Society. Camb. Ann. Sci. Nat, See Cambessedes Mon. Spir., SfC. Cambessedes Mon. Spir. in Ann. Sci. Nat. Cam- bessedes's Monograph of the Spirieas, in the Annales des Sciences Naturelles, torn. 1. Cam. Epit. Joachim Camerarius, De Plantis Epitome utilissima. Francof. Man. 1586. 4to. Catesb. Carol. Catesby's Natural History of Carolina, Florida, and the Bahama Islands. Lond. 1741—1743. 2 vols, folio. Cat. Hort. Vindob. See Jacq. Hort. Vin. Cav. Diss. A. J. Cavanilles, Monadelphia? Classis Dissertationes Decern. Matrit. 1790. 4to. pi. 297. Cav. Ic. Id., Icones et Descriptiones Plantarum quee aut sponte in Hispania crescunt, aut in ikortis hospitantur. Matrit. 1791— 1801. 6vols. fol.pl. 601. Cels. tips. Celsius, Hortus Upsalensis. Chois. Prod. Hyp. J. D. Choisy, Prodromus d'une Monographic des Hypericinees. Geneva, 1821. 4t0. ChurckilVs Medical Botany. Medical Botany; or, Illustrations and Descriptions of the Medi- cinal Plants of the London, EdJnburfih, and Dublin Pharmacopceias. By J. Stephenson, M.D., &c., and James Morss Churchill, F.L.S. Lond. 1831. 4 vols. 8vo. Clayt. Flor. Virgin. Gronovius (J. F.), Flora Virginica, exhibens Plantas quas J. Clayton in Virginia coUegit. Lugduni Batavorum, 1743. 8vo. Clus. Hist. See Clusius's Rariorum Plant- arum. Clus. Pan. Carolus Clusius, Rariorum aliquot Stirpium per Pannoniam obscrv. Historia. 1583. 8vo. Clusius's Bariorum Plantarum. Id., Rariorum Plantarum Historia. Antverpise, 1G05. fol. CoUa Hort Rip. See Colla Hort. Ripul. CoUa Hort. Ripul. Colla, Hortus Ripulensls. Turin, 1829— 1837. 4to. 4.C 3 1!26 IJST OF BOOKS REFERRED TO. Com. Hori. See Coimn. liori. Ainst. Cumm. Goet. Commentarii Soeietatis regiffi Goettingensis. 1751, 1754, 1769—1816. 4 vols. 4to. Connn. Hort. Amst. Joh. Commelyii, Horti medici Amstelodamensis rariorum Plantarum Descriptio et Icones. Pars prima. Amstelod. 1697. fol. Pars altera. By Casp. Commelyn. 1703. fol. Comp.Bot. Mag. See Companion to the Botanical Magazine. Companion to the Botanical Magazine ; being a Journal containing such interesting botanical Information as does not come within the pre- scribed Limits of the Magazine ; with occa- sional figures. By Sir W. J. Hooker. Lond. Begun in 1835. Cord. Hist. Cordus (C), Historia Plantarum, ed. a C. Gesnero. Argentorati, 1G51. Folio. Corn. Can. Jacob Cornuti, Canadensiura Plan- tarum aliarumque nondum editarum Historia. Paris, 1636. 4to. Crantz Austr. Henr. Joh. Nepom. Crantz, Stirpes AustriacEE. 1762. 8vo. Curt. Bot. Mag. The Botanical Magazine, &c. By W. Curtis ; continued by Dr. Sims ; and, since the death of Dr. Sims, by Sir W. J. Hooker. Lond. Begun in 1787, and continued in monthly Nos. 8vo. Curt. J^l. Lond. See Curt. Lond. Curt. Lond. Flora Londinensis ; or, Plates and Descriptions of such Plants as grow wild in the Environs of London, with their places of Growth, &c. By W.Curtis. Lond. 1777- 3 vols. fol.pl. 432. Daleck. Hist. See Dalechamp's Hist. Plant Dalecliamp's Hist. "Plant. Jacques Dalechamp's Historia generalis Plantarum. Lugd. 1586, 1687. 2 vols, folio. Davj/'s Agricultural Chemistry. Elements of Agricultural Chemistry. By Sir Humphry Davy. In a Course of Lectures for the Board of Agriculture. London, 1813. 4to. Dec. Astr. Augustin Pyramus DeCandoUe, As- tragalogia. Paris, 1802. 4to et fol. l>ec. Fl. Fr. Id. et Lamarck, Flore Francaise. Pans, 1805—1815. 5 vols. 8vo. Dec. Fl. Fr. Suppl. See Dec. Fl. Fr. Dec. Fl. Gall. See Dubi/. Dec. Hort. Monsp. See Dec. Cat Hort. Monsp. Dec. Cat Hort. Monsp. Id., Catalogus Planta- rum Horti Botanici Monspeliensis, addito Ob- servationum circa Species novas aut non satis cognitas Fasciculo. Monsp. 1813. 8vo. Dec. Leg. Mem. Id., MemoiresurlaFamilledes Legumineuses. Paris, 1825. 4to, pi. 70. Dec. Mim. Soc. Gen. DeCandolle in M^moires de la SociiT'te de Physiqueet d'Histoire Naturelle de Geneve. 1821, and continued. 4to. Dec. Mem. ined. in Soc. Phys. Gen. DeCan- dolle's MSS. in the Memoires de la Soc. de Phys. et d'Hist. Nat. de Gen&ve. Dec. MS. Manuscript Information from DeCan- dolle. DeCandolle Fl. Fl. See Dec. Fl. Fr. Dec. PI. rar. Jard. Gen. Id., Plantes rares du Jardin de Gen&ve. Genev. 1826—1827. 4to, pi. 24. Dec. Prod. Prodromus Systematis naturalis Regni Vegetabilis ; sen Enumeratio methodica Ordinum, Generum, Specierumque Plantarum hucusque feognitarum. Paris, 1824 — 1830. 4 vols. 8vo. Dec. Syst. Id.. Regni vegetabilis Systema na- turale ; sive Ordines, Genera, et Species Plan- tarum, secundum Methodi naturales Normas digestarum et descriptarum, Paris, 1818 — 1821. 2 thick vols. 8vo. De Fruct. et Sem. Plant. J. Gartner, De Fruc- tibus et Seminibus Plantarum : continuat. ^ C. F. Gaartner sub titulo " Carpologia." Leip- siffi, 3 vols. 4to. i.. 1788i ii., 1791 ; iii- or Sup- plementum Carpologiffi, 1805. Dctamarre's Traitc Praiiqve de la Cziliicre des Pins. Paris, 1834. 3d. ed. Dcla'^b. Auvergn. See Delarb. Fl. Auv. Delarh. Fl. Auv. Antoine de I'Arbre, Flore d'Auvergne. Ed. 1., 1vol. Bvo, Clermont- Ferrand, 1795. Ed. 2., Riom et Clermont, 1800, 2 vols. 8vo. Delauny Herb. Amat. Delaunv in Herbier de I'Amateur, a French periodical. Deless. Icon. See Deless. Icon. sel. Deless. Icon. sel. Benj. Delessert, Icones selecta; Plantarum in System, univers. descriptarum, Paris, 1820. 4to. Dend. Brit. See Dendrologia Britannica. Dendrologia Britannica; or, Trees and Shrubs that will live in the open Air of Britain. By P. W. Watson. Lond. 2 vols. 8vo. pi. 172. Desf. Act. Par. Actes de la Society d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris. Paris, 1792. Folio. Desf. Ann. Mus. See Annates du Musie. De^f. Arb. See De^., Hist. Sfc. Desf. Atlan. See Desf. Fl. Atl. Desf. Fl. AtL R. L. Desfontaines, Flora Atlan- tica. Paris, 1798, 1799. 2 vols. 4to. Desf. Hist, des Arbres et Arbriss. Id., Histoire des Arbres et Arbrisseaux qui peuvent etre cultives en pleine Terre sur le Sol de la France. Paris, 1809. H vols. Svo. Desf. Cat. Bot See De^. Catal. Hort. P. Desf. Cat. Hort. Paris. See ibid. Desf. Catal. Hort P. Id., Catalogus Plantarum Horti regii Parisiensis. Paris, 1829. Svo, 3d ed. Desf. Hort Par. See Desf. Catal., ^c. Desv. Journ. See Desv. Journ. Bot. Desv. Journ. Bot. Desvaux, Journal de Bota- nique. Paris, 1808—1814. ^ vols. 8vo. Diet des Eaux et des Forets. See Baudrill. Traits. Dictionnaire G&niral des Eaux et Forets. See ibid. Dictr. Lex. Suppl. Dietrichs (J. G.), Vollst'an- diges Lexicon der Giirtnerey und Botanik. Weimar, 1801'. 2 vols. 8 vo. Dill. Eltk. Joh. Jac. Dillenius, Hortus Eltham- ensis. Lond. 1732. 2 vols. fol. Dod. Pempt. See Dodon. Pempt. Dodon. Pempt. Rambertus Dodonaeus seu Do- doens, Stirpium Historic Pemptades Sex, sive Libri xxx. Antverpise, 1616. fol. Don's Mill. See Don's Miller's Dictionary. Don's Miller's Dictionary. A general System of Gardening and Botany, &c., founded on Miller's Dictionary, and arranged according to the Na- tural System. By George Don, F.L.S. In 4 vols. 4to. 1838. D. Don Prod. Nep. David Don, Prodromus Flora Nepalensis. Lond. 1825. Small 8vo. D. Don MSS. Professor Don's MSS. Donald's Cat. A Catalogue of Trees and Shrubs contained in Robert Donald's Arboretum at Goldworth Nursery, Woiimg, near Ripley, Surrey. Folio sheet. Donn Hort. Can. See Donn Ho7-t. Cantab. Donn Hort. Cantab. James Donn, Hortus Can- tabrigiensis : or, a Catalogue of Plants, indi- genous and foreign, cultivated in the Walkerian Botanic Garden at Cambridge. Cambridge, 1796. Svo. Dougl. MS. 7 Douglas's MSS., in possession of Douglas MS. i the Hort. Soc. of London. Dublin Soc. Trans. Transactions of the Dublin Society. Dublin, 1800—1810. 6 vols. Svo. Dubt/ et Decand. Bot. Gallic. See below. Duby and DeCandolle's Botanicon Gallicum. J. E. Duby et A. P. DeCandolle, Botanicon Gal- licum, seu Synopsis Plantarum in Flora Gallica descriptarum. Paris, 1828—1830. 2 vols. Svo. Duk. Arb. Fr. See Du Hamel's Arbres. Du HameVs Arbres Fruitiers. Traite des Ar- bres Friiitiers. By Henri Louis Du Hamel du Monceau. Paris, 1768. 3 vols. Svo. Du Ham. Aj-b. Nouv. See Duh. Ed. Nouv. Dull. Ed. Nouv. Du Hamel's Traite des Arbres et Arbustes qui se cultivent en France en pleine Terre. A new edition. By Michel. Paris, 1811— 1816. 5 vols. fol. Du7n. But Cult. See Botaniste Cultivateur, Dum. Cours. See ibid. Bum. Cours. Bot Cult. See ibid. Duni\ Cours Supp. See ibid. Dunal Monog. Mich. Felix Dunal, Monographic de la Famille des Anonacees. Paris, 1817. 4to. LIST OF BOOKS REFERRED TO. 1127 Dnr. Bourg. Durnnde, Flore de Bourgogne. Dijon, 1782. 2 vols. 8to. Hu Roi Harbk. Joh. Phil. Du Roi, Die Harb- kesche wilde Baumzucht. Braunschweig, 1771, 1772. 2 vols. 8vo. E. Eaton Man. Bot. A Manual of Botany for the Northern and Middle States of America. Al- bany, 1824. 12mo. Ed. Phit. Joum. Edinburgh Philosophical Journal. Conducted by Dr. Brewster and Professor Jameson. Edinb. 1819— 1824. lOvols. Svo. Continued by Prof. Jameson alone, under the same name, from 1824; and from 1826, called " The Edinburgh New Philosophical Jourual." Edinburgh, 1819, and continued. Svo. Edw. (h-nit/i. Natxu-al History of uncommon Birds, and of some other rare and undescribed Animals, Quadrupeds, Reptiles, Fishes, In- sects, &c. By Geo. Edwards. Lond. 1743 — 1751. 4 vols. 4to, pi. 210. Ehret Pict. G. D. Ehret, Plantse et Papiliooes rariores. Lond. 1748—1759. Fol. Ehrh. Arbor. See Ehrk. Beitr. Ehrh. Beitr. Friedrich Ehrhart, Beitrage zur Naturkunde. Hanover et Osnabruk, 1787 — 1792. 7 vols. 8vo. EUioit FL S. Car. A Sketch of the Botany of South Carolina and Georgia. By Steph. Elliott. Charleston, 1821—1824. 2 vols. Svo, pi. 12. Elliott Journ. Acad. Set. Pkilad. See Joum. Acad. Scien. Phil. Ell. Sketch. See Elliott Fl. S. Car. En. PI. See Encyc. of Plants. Encyc. Bot. See Lam. Diet. Encyc. Encyc. of Cot. Arch. An Encyclopaedia of Cot- tage, Farm, and Villa Architecture, Furniture, &c. By J. C. Loudon, F.L.S., &c. Lond. 1833. 8to. Encyc. of Gard. An Encyclopaedia of Garden- ing ; comprising the Theory and Practice of Horticulture, Floriculftire, Arboriculture, and Landscape-Gardening, &c. By J. C.Loudon, F.L.S., &c. Lond. 1835. Ed. 3. Svo. Encyc. of Plants. An Encyclopedia of Plants ; comprising the Description, Specific Character, Culture, History, Application in the Arts, &c. Bv J. C. Loudon, F.L.S., &c. Lond. 1831. New ed. 1836. Svo. Eng. Bot. English Botany. By Sir J. E. Smith and Messrs. Sowerby. Lond. 1790-1814. 36 vols. Svo. An abridged edition, with par- tially coloured plates, is now (1838) publish- ing. Eng. Bot. Suppl. Supplement to the English Botany of Sir J. E. Smith and Messrs. Sower- by ; the Descriptions, &c., by Sir W. J. Hooker, LL.D., and other eminent Botanists. Lond. 1831. Svo. Continued. Eng. Fl. See English Flora. English Flora. English Flora. By Sir J. E. Smith. London, 1824— 1828, 4 vols. Svo. Enum. Stirp. Ruth. See Ammann Stirp. Ruth. Esch. Mem. Acad. Scienc. Peters. Eschscholtz in Memoires of the Academy of Sciences at St. Petersburg. _ ^ ^^^ ,, Essays on Natural History. By Dr. Walker. London, Svo. Exot. Bot. See Smith's Exot. Bot. _ Ex. Cent. Jacobus Breynius, Exoticarum Plant- arum Centurlum. Gedani, 1078. Fol. Fisch. llorl. Gorenlc. F. Fischer, Catalogue du Jardin des Plantes de Gorenki, pr&s de Moscou. 1808. I2mo. ,^„^ F!Si:h. MSS. Fischer's MSS. „ .. . Fl Br Sir J. E. Smith's Flora Bntannica. Lond. 1800—1804. 3 vols. Svo. Ft. Cab. The Floral Cabinet. By G. B. Knowles and F. Westcott. London and Birmingham. 1837, 1838. 4to. Fl. Dan. See Flora Danica, Fl. Fr. See Flore Frangaise. Fl. Or. See Flor. Gr— 1831. 7 vols. 4to. New series commenced in 1831, and con- tinued. Hortus Carlsruhamts. Hortus Carlsruhanus, Oder Yerzeichniss sammtlicher Gewachse, &c. Herausgegeben von Garten-inspector Hartweg. Carlsruhe, 1825. 8vo. HSss jinleit. See ArUeit. die B'dume und Str'duche Oesterretchs, SfC. HSss^s GemeinfassUche Anteiiung, S^c. See ibid. Host m. Auslr. See Host's Fl.Auslr. Host's Ft. Auslr. N. T. Host, Flora Austriaca. Viena 1827—1831. 2 vols. 8vo. Host's Sal. Austr. Host's Salix. Vienna, folio. Huds. Fl. Angl. William Hudson, Flora Anglica. Lond. 1762, 1 vol. 8vo ; Ed. 2., Lond. 1778. 2 vols. 8vo. Humb. el Bonpl. PI. Equin. Alexand. F. H. von Humboldt et Bonpland, Plantes 6quinoxiales. Paris, 1808—1816. 2 vols. fol. Hunib. et Bonpl. Nov. Gen. et Sp. PI. See B.S. et Kunih Nov. Gen. S(c. Hunt. Evel. Syl. See Hunter's Evelyn. Hunter's Evelyn. Evelyn's Silva, with Notes. By A. Hunter, M. D. York, 1776. 2 vols. 4to. I. Icon. Ear. See Jacq. Icon. Bar. Iconograpkia Bustica. Iconographia ; or, the Nobleman, Gentleman, and Gardener's Recre- ation, &c. By Stephen Switzer. Lond. 1718. 3 vols. 8vo. Index Plantarum Agri Erfordiensis. By J. Planer. Gothae, 1788. 8vo. . liin. Curias. Stukely (W.), Itinerarium Curi- osum ; or, an Account of the Antiquities and Remarkable Curiosities observed in Travels through Great Britain. 100 plates. Lond. 1724. fol. J. Jac.Sc. See Jacq. Hort. Schon. Jac. Amer. Jacquin N. J. Stirpium America- narum Historia. 1763. fol. Jacq. Austr. 'S.3. von Jacquin, FloraeAustriacs, sive Plantarum selectarum in Austria Archi- ducatu gponte crescentium Icones, ad vivara colorata, et Descriptionibus ac Synonymis il- lustrate. Vienna, 1773—1778. 5 vols. fol. pi. 200. , , . Jdcq.Aust. Append. See Jacq. AuHr. Jacq. Col. Id., Collectanea ad Botamcum, &c., spectantia. Vindobonae, 1786-1790 4 vols. 4to. Vol. V. sive Supplementum. 1796. jiV <* Boccone in Schousb. Mar. Schousboe (V K. A.). lagttagelser over vaextnget i Ma. iocco. Kiobenhaon, 1800 ; ed. Germ. Leipzig, JaS^'rfag. N. J. von Jfcquin, Fragmenta Botanica. Vienna, 1800-1809. fol. Jacq. Hort. SchSn. Id., PlanUrum rariorum Horti Ca;sarei Schoenbrunensis. Vienna, 1797 —1804. 4 vols. fol. . „. , Jaca. Hort. Vin. Id., Hortus Botamcus Vindo- bmensis. Vindobona, 1770-1776. 3 vols. fol. Jacq. Icon. See Jacq. Icon. Boy. Jacq. Icon. Bar. Id., Icones Plantarum rariorum. Vindobonffl, 1781—1793. 3 vols. fol. Jacq. Misc. Id., Miscellanea Austriaca ad Bota- nicam,etc., spectantia. Vindobonce, 1778—1781. 2 vols. 4to. Jacq. Obs. Id., Observationes Botanies. Vin- dobonffi, 1764— 1771. 4 fasc. fol. Jacq. Find. See Jacq. Hort. Vin. Johnston's {Br.) Flora of Berwick: upon Tweed. Flora of Berwick upon Tweed. By G. John- ston, D.D. 1829 and 1831. 2vols. 8vo. Vol.1. containing the Phaenogamous, and Vol. II. the Cryptogamous, Plants. Johnson's Gerard. See Ger. Em. Journ. de Physique. Paris, 1773, and continued. 4to. Juss. Ann. du Mas. .Tussieu in Annales du Musee. Jttss. Gen. Antonie-Laurent de Jussieu, Genera Plantarum. Paris, 1789. 8vo. Juss. Gen. ed. listen. Id., Ditto ed. Usteri. Turici, 1791. 8vo. Jvss. Mem. Mus. Jussieu in the M^moires du Museum d'Histoire Naturelle. Paris. K. KiBmp. Amcen. Eiotiac. Engelbert Ksempfer, Amoenitatum Exoticarum Politico-Physico-Mc- dicarum Fasciculi quinque, &c. Lemgow, 1712. 4to. Kalm Amcen. See Amcen. Acad. Kalm It. Kalm (P.), Travels into North Ame- rica. Translated by i. Forster. Lond. 1770, 1771. 8vo. Ker Bot. Beg. See Bot. Beg. Key to Structural, Physiological, and Systematic Botany. See Lindley's Key. Knoop Pomol. Job. Herm. Knoop, Pomologia. Ed. HoU., Leeuwarden, 1758; Ed. Gall., Am- sterdam, 1771. fol. Koch's Comm. De Salicibus Europffiis Com- mentatio. Auctore G. D. J. Koch. Erlangen, 1823. 12mo, Krock. Fl. Sil. Ant. Joh. Krocker, Flora Sile- siaca renovata. Vratislaviie, 1787—1790. 2 vols. 8vo. Krock. Sites. See Krock. Fl. Sil. Kth. Nov. Sp. Amer. See if. B. et Kunth Nov. Gen., SjC. Kunth Gen. Tereb. Kunth, Terebinthacearum Genera. (Ann. des Sciences Nat. torn, ii.) Kunth Nov. Gen. Am. See II. B. et Kunth Nov. Gen., Sic. L. Lab. PI Syr. Dae. See Labillard. Ic. Plant., Ijc. LabilLFl.Syr. See ibid. ,,,„.,, ..- LabiUard. Ic. Plant. Syr. Jac. Jul. LabiUardiere, Icones Plantarum Syria rariorum. Decades v. Paris, 1791—1812. 6 vols. 4to. Lag. Gen. et Spec. Mar. Lagasca, Genera et Species Plantarum qua aut novie aut nondum rectS cognoscuntur. Madriti, 1816. 4to. Lam. Diet. See Lam. Diet. Encyc. Lam. Diet. Encyc. Jean Bapt. Monet de la Marck, Encyclopedic Methodique Botanique. Paris, 1783—1796. 4 vols. 4to. Vol. V. et seq. Lam. Fl. Fr. Id. See Flore Franfaise Lam. III. Id., Illustrations des Genres. 2 vols. of text, and 900 pis. Lam. III. Gen, See Lam. III. Lanib. Gen. Fin. See Lambert's Monograph, ^c. Lamb. Pin., ed. 2. See ibid. Lamberts Monograph of the Genus Pinus. A Description of the Genus Pinus. Bjr Aylmer Bourke Lambert, Esq., F.R. S.,Pres. Linn. Soc, &c. London, 1832. 2 vols. 8vo. Lanth Ac. Lanth (Th.), Dissertatio de Acere. Strasbufg, 1781. 4to. „ , „ Lap. Hist, des PI. des Pyrinies. See La Peyr. Abr. 1130 LIST or BOOKS REFERRED TO. ha-peyr. Abr. See below. La Peyr. Abr. Philippe Picot de la Peyrouse, Histoire abregee des Flantes des Pyrenees. Toulouse, 1813. 8vo. La Peyrouse Supn. FL Pyren. Id., Supplement to the above. Toulouse. Lauder's Gilpin. Gilpin's Forest Scenery, Edited by Sir Thos. Dick Lauder. Edinburgh, 1834. 2 vols. 8vo. Lawr. Ros. A Collection of Roses from Nature. By Miss Lawrence. London, 1799- fol. Laws. Man. See Agric. Manual. Laioson's Manual. See ibid. Laxm. Acad. Pet. SeeLaxm. Nov. Act. Pet. Laxm. Nov. Act. Pet. Laxman in Nova Acta Acad. Petr. See Nova Acta, S{c. Le Bon Jurdinier. See Bon Jard. Le Botanistc CuUivateur. See Botaniste CuUi- vatetir. Led. FL Ross. Alt. III. See Led. Icon. ^c. Led. Icon. PI. Fl. Ross, C. F. Ledebour, Icones Plantarum novarum vel imperfecte cognitarum, Floram Rossicam, imprimis Altaicara, illus- trantes. Rigae, &c., 1829. fol. pL 100. Ledeb. Ind. Hort. Dorp. Suppl. Ledebour, Sup- plement to the Catalogue of Plants in Dorpat Garden for 1824. Lef;. Mem. See Dec. Leg. Mem. Lehm. Pot. Di.is. J. G. C. Lehman, :\rono- graphia Generis PotentlUarum. Lipsiffi, 1820. 4to. Lempriere's Clo.sa. Diet. Lempriere's Classical Dictionary. London, 1792. 8vo. Lessing's Synopsis Generum Compositarum. Be- rolini, 1832. 8vo. L'Her. Siirp. Nov. See VHerit. Stirp. Nov. L'HSrit. Corn. C. L. L'H^ritier, Cornus sou Specimen Botanicum, &c. Paris, 1788. fol. VHirit. Hort. Par. L'Heritierin Hortus Pari- siensis. L'HSrit. Sert. Id., Sertum Anglicum seu Plan- ts rariores, &c. Paris. 1788. fol. L'H6rit. Siirp. Nov. Id., Stirpes novee aut mi- nus cognitse. Paris, 1784, l78ri. 6 fasc. fol. Light/. Scot. Flora Scottca; or, a Systematic Arrangement, in the Linnsean Method, of the native Plants of Scotland and the Hebrides. By John Lightfoot. London, 1777, 2 vols. 8vo; 2d ed. 1789. Lin. Amcen. See Lin. Amcen. Acad. Lin. Amwn. Acad. Carolus Linneeus s. Von Linne, Amoenitates academicee, seu Diss, an- tehac seorsim editse. Holmiae et Lipsiffi, 1749 et seq., !0vols.8vo; ed. 2., Holmise, 1762 et seq. ; ed. 3., cur. J. C. D. Schrebero, Erlangs, 1787—1790. Linn. Diss. Linnzei Dissertatio Academica de Erica. Upsalite, 1770. 4to. Lin.fil. Supp. Carolus Linneeus filius, Supple- mentum Plantarum. Brunsvigae, 1781. Svo. Lin. Fl. Lapp. Carolus Linnseus, s. Von Linne, Flora Lapponica. Amstelodami, 1737, Svo ; ed. 2., cur. J. E. Smith, Eq., Londini, 17'J2. Lin. Fl. Suec. See Floo-a Suecica. Lin. Gen. Carolus LinuEEUS. Genera Plantarum. Leidffi, 1737 ; ed. 2., Leidse, 1742 , ed. 3., Leidse. 1752; ed. 4., Holmije, 1754 ; ed. 5., Holmiae, 1764 ; ed. 6., Viennse, 1767 ; ed. 7., cur. J. J. Reichard, Francof. Maen. 1778 ; each 1 vol. 8vo : ed. 8„ cur. J. C. D. Schreber, Francof. Msen. 17S9— 1791, 2 vols. Svo. Lin. Gen. Fl. ed.Sckreber. See Lin.Gen.., ed. 8. Lin. Hort. Cliff'. Carolus Linnjeus, Hortus Clif- fortianus. Amstelodami, 1737. fol. Lin. Hort. Ups. Id. Hortus Upsaliensis. Stock- holm, 1748. Svo. Lin. Mant. Id. , Mantissa Plantarum altera. Holm. 1771. Svo. Lin. Mat. Med. Id., Materia Medica. Holmiee, 1749. Ed. Schreber, 1772. Lin. Sp. See Lin. Sp. Plan. Lin Sp. Plan. Carolus Linnaeus, Species Plan- tarum, Ed. 1., Holmise, 1753, 2 vols. Svo ; ed. 2.. Holmis, 1762, 1763, 2 vols. Svo ; ed. 3.. Vindobonae, 1764; ed. 4., by J. J. Reichard, Francof. Maau. 1779, 1780, 4 vols. Svo ; ed. 5., by C. L. Willdenow, Berolini, 1797—1810, 5 vols. Svo. Lin. S.jppl. See Lin.fil. Supp, Lin. Syst. See Lin. Syst. Nat. Lin. Syst. Nat. LinnsEus (Carl), SystemaNa- turte. Lugd. Bat. 1735. folio. Lin. Syst. Veg. J. A. Murray, C. Linnasi Sys- tema Vegetabilium. GottingEe et Gothee, 1744 ; Gottingae, 1784 ; Parisiis, 1798. Lin. Trans. Transactions of the Linnaean So- ciety of London. London, 1791, and conti- nued. 17 vols. 4to. Lin^l. Hort. Trans. Dr. Lindley in the Horti- cultural Society's Transactions. See Ho^. Trans. Lindl. Introd. to N. S. See Lindley^s Intro- duction to the Natural System. Lindl. Lin. Trans. Dr. Lindley in the Linnsean Society's Transactions. See Lin. Trans. Lindl. MSS. Dr. Lindley's MSS. Lindl. Nat. Syst. of Bot. See LindleyU Intro- duction to the Natural System. Lindl. Hos. Mon. Dr. Lindley, Rosarum Mono- graphia. London, 1820. Svo. Lindl. Synops. Id., A Synopsis of the British Flora, &c. London, 1829 ; ed. 2., 1835, small Svo. Lindley's Introduction to the Natural System. Id., An Introduction to the Natural System of Botany. London, 1830 ; ed. 2. 1835. Svo. Lindley^s Key. Id., A Key to Structural, Phy- siological, and Systematic Botany, for the use of Classes. By Dr. Lindley, F.R.S., &c. London, 1835. Svo. Link Enum. H. F. Link, Enumeratio Plantarum Horti Regii Botanici Berolinensis altera. Berol. 1821, 1822. 2 vols. Svo. Lin/c et Otto Abbild. See Abbild. der Deutscken Holzarten. Link Bert. Abhand. See Abhand. Acad- BerJ. Link Jahrh. H. F. Link, Jahrbiicher der Ge- wachskunde. Berlin, 1S20. Svo. Linnt^a. F. L Von Schlechtendahl, Linnasa : ein Journal fiir die Botanik in ihrem ganzem Umfange. Berlin and Halle, 1826—1842. 14 vols. Svo. Continued. Linncean Correspondence. A Selection of the Correspondence of Linnaeus and other Natu- ralists from the Original Manuscripts, By Sir J. E. Smith. London, 1821. 2 vols. Svo. Lift. Dec. Prod. Information communicated by letter to DeCandoUe's Prodromus. Litt. Trat. Arch. See Trat. Arch. Literary Panoravia. A weekly periodicaf. Lon- don, 1S15. Lob. Adv. See VObeVs Adversaria. Lob. Icon. Mathias De Lobel seu Lobelius, Stir- pium Icones. Antverpiaa, 1691. 4to. L'Obel's Adversaria. Id., Stirpium Adversaria nova, &c. London, 1605, fnl. Lodd. Bot. Cab. The Botanical Cabinet By Conrad Loddiges and Sons. London, 1817— 1834. 20 vols. 12rao and 4to. Lodd. Cat. A Catalogue of Plants^ &c., in the Hackney Establishment. By Messrs. Loddi- ges. Published annually. 12mo. Lceji. Iter, Lcefling, Iter Hispanicura. Loes. Pruss. Joh. Loeselius, Flora Prussica. Regiomonti, 1703. 4to. Lois. Fl. Gall. Loiseleur Deslongchamtis, Flora Gallica. Parisiis, 1806,1307. 2vols. l2mo. Lois. Herb. Amat. Id., in Herbier de I'Amateur, a French periodical. Lois. Not. Id., Notice sur les Flantes Ji ajouter k la Flore de France. Paris, 1810. Svo. Lois. Nouv. Diet. Loiseleur des Longchamps (J. L. A. M.), Nonveau Dictionnaire d'Histoire Naturelle. 1816, continued. 36 vols. Loudon^s H. B. See Hort. Brit. Lour. Cocli. Joannes De Loureiro, Flora Co- chinchinensis. Ulvssipone, 1790, 2 vols. 4to ; ed. 2., cur. C. L. Willdenow, Berolini, 1793, 2 vols. Svo. Lowth's T7-ans. New Translation of Isaiah, &c. By the Rev. R. Lowth. London, 1791. 12mo. Lyon Herb. Lyon's Herbarium. LIST OF BOOKS REFERRED TO. 1131 51. Mackay FL Hibet-n, See Mackai/'s hush Flora. Mackay's Flora Hibemica. See ibid. Mackay's Irish Flora. Flora Hibemica; com- prisinff the Flowering Plants, Ferns, Chara- ceae, Musci, Hepaticae, Lichenes, and Alga? of Ireland, &c. By J. T. Mackay, M.K.I.A., ^c. Dublin, 1836. 8vo. I\fackat/'s List qf Irish Plants. A Catalogue of the Plants found in Ireland, with Descriptions of some of rarer sorts. Id. Dublin, 1825. 4to. Magn. Sot. See Magnol Bat. Magn. Monsp. Id., Hortus Fiegius Monspeli- ensis. Mouspelii, 1697. 8vo, Magnol Bot. retrus Magnol, Botanicon Mons- peliense. Monspelii, 1686. 12mo. Mant. See Lin. Mant. Mamock's FL Mag. Maruock's (R) Floricul- tural Magazine and Miscellany of Gardening. Lond. 1836. In monthly Nos. 8vo. Marsh. Arbttst. See Marsh. Arb. Amer. Marsh. Arb. Amer. Humphry Marshall, Ar- bustum Americanum : the American Grove, &c. Philadelph. 17S5. 8vo. Marsh. Plant. See Marshall, &c. Marshall on Planting and Rural OrnaTnent. Planting and Kural Ornament, &c. Lond. 1785, 1 vol. 8vo ; ed. 2., Lond. 1796, 2 vols. 8vo. Mr. Marshall's name is not put to either ed. Mart. FL Rust. Flora Rustica. By Thomas Martyn. Lond. 1792—1794. 4 vols. 8vo. Mart. Mill. See Martyil^s Miller^s Dictionary. Martyn's Mill. See ibid. Martyn's Miller^s Dictionary. Gardener's Dic- tionary ; or, a complete System of Horticul- ture. By Philip Miller, F.R.S. Lond. 1759, 3 vols. fol. ; improved edition, edited by Pro- fessor Martyn, Lond. 1807, 4 vols. fol. Matth. Comtn. See Matth. Hist. Matih. Hist. Matthioli (P. A.), Commentaria in Dioscoridem de Materia Medica. Venice, 1558. fol. Matth. Valgr. ^Matthioli Opera quoe extant om- nia, edidit C. Bauhin. France, 1598. fol. Maund's Botanic Garden. The Botanic Garden ; or, Magazine of Hardy Flowering Plants cul- tivated in Great Britain. By B. Maund, Esq., F.L.S. Begun in 1824, and continued monthly. Maund's Botanist. The Botanist, a Monthly Periodical conductedbyB. Maund, F.L.S., &c. Med. Gesch. Medicus (F.), Gescbichte der Bo- tanik unterer Zeiten. Munich, 1793. 8vo. Medical Botany. See Stephenson and ChurckilVs Medical Botany. Meerh. Icon. Nicol. Meerburg, Plantarum se- lectarum Icones pictse. Lugd. Bat. 1798. fol. Mem. de la Russie MSridionale. By Descemet. Mem. Mus. Memoires du Museum d'Histoire Naturelle. Paris, 181.5, 1816. 4to. Mem. Soc. Imp. Mosq. See M6m. Soc. Imp. Nat. Mosc. Mem. Soc. Imp. Nat. Mosc. Memoires de la So- ciety Imperiale des Naturalistes de Moscou. Moscow, from 1785. 4to. Mem. Soc. Phys. Gen. M^moire de la Soclete Physique de Gen&ve. Mem. Wern. Soc Memoirs of the Wernenan Natural History Society. Edinburgh, ISH, and continued, 8vo. MBmoire sur les Chtnes. Louis Bosc, Memoires sur les differentes Espdces de Chenes qui croissent en France. Paris, 1808. 4to. Memoires sur les Coniferes. Memoires sur les Conifgres et les Cycadees : ouvrage posthume de L. C. Richard, terminL* et publi.J par AchiUe Richard, fils. Stuttgard et Pans, 1826. 8vo. Mer Fl Par. F. V. Merat. Nouvelle Flore des ' Environs de Paris. Paris, 1812 8vo. Mey. Vei-%. PJlanz. Catic. Meyer (C. A.), Ver- zeichniss der Pflanzen welche wahrend der, &c. Petersburg, 1831. 8vo. Mich. 4rh. See Michaux's Arbrcs forestiers, Sgc. Mich. Fl. Bor. Amer. Andrg Michaux, Flora Boreali-Americana. Parisiis, 1802. 2vols. 8vo. Mich. Gen. P. A. Micheli, Nova Plantarum Ge- nera. Florentiee, 1729. fol. I Michaux's Arbrcs de V Am^riqite. SeeMichaux's I Arbres Furestitres, S[c. I Michaux's Arbres Foresticres de VAmSi'ique. Andr^ Frang. Michaux fils, Histoire des Arbres Forestifcires de I'Amerique Septontriouale Paris, 1810—1813. 3 vols. 4to. Michx. JU. Arb. Amer. See Michaux's Arhres Forestieres, 8(C. Michaiix''s Histoire des Chines Am&riquc.t. Andre Michaux, Histoire des Chenes de TAmenque Septentrionalc. Paris, 1801, lol. ; ed. Germ. S Kerne, 1802. Michx. fit. N. Amer. Syl. Andre Francois Mi- chaux, North-American Sylva ; or, a De- scription of the Forest Trees of the United States, Canada, and Nova Scotia. Translated from the French by A. L. llillhouse. Paris, 1819. 3 vols. 8vo, Michx. Me?n. sur le Ze.lkoua. A. Fran^ . Michaux, Memoire sur le Zelkoua. Paris, 1831. Michx. Qiier. See Michaux's Histoire des Chenes. Mill. Diet Miller's Dictionary, ed. 7- Mill. Ic. Figures of the Plants described in the Gard. Diet. By Philip Miller. London, 1760. 2 vols. fol. MiU. Illust. Johan. Miller, lUustratio Systematis Sexualis LinnsBi. Londini, 1777. fol. Miller'' s Dictionary . The Gardener's Dictionary, By Philip Miller. London, 1731 ; ed. 2., 1733; ed. 3., 1737 ; ed. 4., 1741 ; ed. 5., 1747 ; ed. 6., 1752 ; ed. 7., 1759 ; ed. 8., 1768 ; ed. 9., see Ma/r- tyn's Miller. Mith. Act Acad. Nat. Cur. See Nov. Act. Nat. Cur. Moc. et Sesse Fl. Mex. Ic. ined. See Fl. Mex. Icon. ined. Moc. PI. Nutk. Mocino (Josef), Drawings o^ Plants collected by him at Nootka Sound. Not published. Ma:nch Mcth. Conrad Mcench, Methodus Plantas Horti et Agri Marburgensis describendi. Mar- burgi, 1794. 8vo. Ma;nch Svppl. Id., Supplementum ad Me- thodum, tiC. Marburgi, 1802. 8vo. Ma;nch Weiss. See Mocnch Weissenst. Mcench Weissenst. Id., Verzeichniss auslan- discher Baume des Lustschlosses Weissenstein Francf. 1785. 8vo. Monog. lios. Proneville (A. De). Nomenclature raisonnee des Espdces, Varietes, et Sous-va- rietes du Genre Rosier. Paris, 181 8. 1 vol. 8vo. Month. Reg- See Bot. Reg. Mar. Hist. Joan. Bapt. Morandi, Historia Bo- tanica practica. Mediolani, 1744. fol. Mor. Prcelud. Robert Morison, Prajludia Bo- tanica, pars 1. Londini, 1669. 8vo. Mor. Umb. Morison (R.), Plantarum Umbelli- ferarum Distributio nova. Oxonii, 1672. fol. Moris. Hist. Robert Morison, Plantarum His- toria universalis Oxoniensis. i.Oxonii, 1620. 2 vols, folio. Moris. Siirp. Sard. See Blench, Sard. Morris Fl. Consp. Richard Morris, Flora Con- spicua. London, 1826. 8vo. MUhl. Cat. See Muhlenberg's Catalogue, 8fC. MUhl. Nov. Act. Scrut. Bcrol. Muhlenberg in Nov. Act., &c. See Act. Nat. Scrut., Sjc. MUhlenb. Nov. Act. Soc. Nat. Scrut. Berol. See MUhl. Nov., 8jC. Muhlenberg's Catalogue of North Amej-ican Plants. Henr. Milhlenberg, Qatalogus Plan- tarum Americas Septentrionalis. Lancaster 1813. 8vo. MUnch. Ilaus. See Munch. Hausv. MUnch. Hausv. Baron Otto Von Munchausen, Monatliche Beschiiftigungen fiir einen Baum- und Pflanzen-gartner, als eine Zugabe zura 5tea Th. des Hausvater. Hanover, 1771. 8vo. Murr. Nov. Comm. G'dlt. J. A. Murray in Nov! Commentarii Societatis Regije Scientiarum Gottingensis. 1751 to the present Time. 4to. Mx. Fl. Bor. Amer. See Mich. FL Bor. Amer^ N. N. Amer. Syl.- See Michx. fil. N. Duh. See Du Ham. Arb, Nouv, N. D. Ham. See ibid. 1132 LIST OF BOOKS REFERRED TO. Keclc. Elem. Nat. Jos. de Necker, Klementa Bo- tanica secundum Systenia omologicum, seu na- turale. NeowedeadRhenum, 1790. 3 vols. 8vo. l<^eck. Gall. See Neck, Gallo-Bell Neck. Gallo-Bell. Nat. Jos. De Neckef, Deliciee Gallo-Belgica sylvestres. Argentorati, 1768. 2 vols. 12mo. Nees Nov. Act. Nat. Cur. Bonn. Seo Act. Nat. Sci'ut. Bcrl. Nees (T.) ab Esenb. Gen. PL Fl. Germ. See Nees Von Esenbeck, SfC. Nees Von Esenbeck Gen. PI. Genera Plantarum Florse German icze Iconibus et D esc rip tic nib us illustrata. Auctore T. F. L. Nees ab Esen- beck, M.D. Bonnae, 1833. 8vo. Nestl. Pot. Diss. C. G. Nestler, Monographia de Potentilla. Parisiis et Argenturati, 1816. 4to. Nois. Arb. Fruif.iers. See Noisette Jard. Fruit. Noisette Jard. Fi-uit. Louis Noisette, Le Jardin Fruitier. Paris, 1813. 2 fasc. 4to. North-Amcj-ican Sylva, See Mich. JU. N. Amer. Syl. Now. Duh. See Du Ham. Arb. Nouv. Nouveau Cours d^ Agriculture. See Nouveau Cours complet. Nouveau Cours complet. Nouveau Cours complet, ou Dictionnaire raisonne d' Agriculture. Par les Membres de la Section d'Agr. de I'lnstitut. Paris, 1809. 16 vols. 8vo. Nouveau Du Hamel. See Du Ham. Arb. Nouv. Nov. Act. Sac. Nat. Sci-ut. Berol. See Act, Nat. Scrut. Berl. Nov. Gen. Amer. See Nutt. Gen. Amer. Nutt. Gen. See ibid. Nutt. Gen. Amer. Thomas Nuttall, The Genera of North- American Plants, and a Catalogue of the Species. Philadelphia, 1818. 2 vols. 12mo. Nutt. Gen. Amer. Plants. See Nutt. Gen. Amer. Nutt. MSS. Nuttall in IManuscript. O. (Ed. Fl. Dan. Tcones Plantarum sponte nas- centium in Kegnis Danise et Norvegire, &c. Hafniae, 1761—1770, vols. I, 2, and 3., Auctore G. C. OEder. ; vols. 4 and5., Auct. O. F. Muller, 1771—1782; vols. 6 and 7., Auct. M. Vahl, 1787—1805; vol. 8., Auct. ^; W. Hornemann, 1806—1816. 8 vols. fol. Oliv. Voy. See Olivier^s Travels. Oliv- Voy. dans I'Emp. Otiom. See ibid. Olivier's Travels. Travels in the Ottoman Em- pire, Egypt, and Persia. By G. A. Olivier. Loud. 1801. 2 vols, and atlas. 4to. Oliviej-^s Voyage. See Olivier's Travels. Ort. Decad. Cas. Gomez De Ortega, Novarum aut rariorum Plantarum Horti R. Matritensis Centuriffi. Matriti, 1797—1798. 8vols.4to. Tit. gen. 1800. Otia Hispan. Otia Hispanica. By Philip Barker Webb. Ovid. Met. Ovid's Metamorphoses. London, 1773. 2 vols. 12mo. Pall. Astr. Peter Simon Pallas, Species Astra- galorum descriptre et Iconibus illustratae. Lip- siaj, 1800. fol. Pall. Flor. Ross. See Pallas^s Flora Rossica. Pallas's Flora Rossica. Peter Simon Pallas, Flora Rossica. Petropoli, 1784 et 1788. 2 vols. fol. Pall. JUust. lUustrationes Plantarum minus cognitarum. Lipsise, 1803. fol. PalL Itin. ed. Gall. Voyages dans I'Empire Russe. Paris, 1793. 8 vols. 8vo,avec atlas 4to. Pall. Itin. ed. Gall. Append. See Pall. Itin. ed. Gall. Pall. Nov. Act. Pet. Pallas in Nova Acta Aca- demise Scientiarum imperialis Petropoiitanae. Petropoli, 1783—1837. 4to. Pall. Nord. Beytr. Id., Neue nordische Beitrage zur physikalischen, &c. Petersb. und Lelpz. 1781—1796. 7 vols. fol. Pall. Voy. See Pall. Itin. Gall. Parad. Lond. Paradisus Londinensis. By R. A. Salisbury. London, 1805—1808. 2 vols. 4to. Parkinson's Herbal, or Theatre of Plants. The Theatre of Plants; or, an Herball of a large extent; with numerous wood engravings. By John Parkinson. Lond. 1640, fol. Parkinson's Theat. Bot. See Parkinson's Herbal^ Ssc. Par. Lon. See Parad. Lond. Pav. Diss, in Mem. Acad. Reg. Med. Mat. Jos. Pavon, Dissertacion botanica sobre los Geiieros Tovalia, Actinophyllum, &c. Madrid. 4to. As quoted in Mem. Acad., &c. Paxton's Ma^. of Bot. Magazine of Botany, and Register ot Flowering Plants. By J. Paxton, F.L.S., &.C. London, begun in 1834, and con- tinued in monthly Numbers, large 8vo. Penny Cyc. The Penny Cyclopasdia of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge. London. In monthly parts, folio. Begun in 1833, and 10 vols, published. Pers. Ench. C. H. Persoon, Synopsis Plantarum seu Enchiridion Botanicum. Paris, 1805 and 1807. 2 vols. 12mo. Pers. Syn. See Pers. Ench. Petiv. Mus. James Petiver, Mussei Petiveriani Centuriffi Decern, Londtfn, 1695. 8vo, Ph. Fl. Amer. Sept. Frederick Pursh, Flora Americana Septentrional is. London, 1814. 2 vols. 8vo. PJiil. Mag. Philosophical Magazine and Journal. By Alex. Tilloch and Richard Taylor. London, 1798—1826. 68 vols. 8vo, continued under the name of Philosophical Magazine and Annals of Chemistry. By R. Taylor and R. Phillips- London, 1827— 1832. 11 vols. 8vo. Phil. Trans. The Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Commenced in 1665, and continued to the present Time. London. 4to. Pin. Wob. PinetumWoburnense. By the Duke of Bedford. 1 vol. imperial 8vo. 1839. Not published. Pi. Bar. Hort. Gen. See Dec. PI. Bar. Jard. Gen. PlantoB Hart. Plantas Hartwegianas imprimis Mexicanas, &c. By G. Bentham. 1839. Plant. As. Bar. See Walt. PI. Asiat. Bar. Plant. Kal. Planter's Kalendar. By W. Nicol. Edited and completed by Edw. Sang. Edin. 1820. Ed. 2., 8vo. Plin. Hist. Nat. Plinii Historia Naturalis. Har- douin's edit. Paris, 1793. 3 vols. fol. Trans- lated under the title of Pliny's Natural History of the World. By Philemon Holland. London, 1601. 2 vols. fol. Plijiy Nat. Hist. See Plin. Hist. Nat. Pluk. Aim. See Pluk. Aim. Phyt. Pluk. Aim. Phyt. Leonard Plukenett, Alma- gestum Botanicum sive Phytologia Onomas- ticon. Londini, 1796. 4to. Pluk. Amalth. Id., Amaltheum Botanicum. Londini, 1705. 4to. Pluk. Mant. Id., Almagesti Botanic! Mantissa. Londini, 1700. 4to. Pluk. Phyt. See FlukenetVs Thytographia. Pluhenett's Phytographia. Id., P'hvtographia sive Stirpium iUustriorum, &c, Londini, 1691. 4 vols. 4to. Plum. Cat. Plumier (C), Catalogus Plantarum Americanarum. Paris, 1703. 4to. Plum. Gen. Plumier (C), Nova Plantarum Americanarum Genera. Parisiis, 1703. 4to. Pococke Itin, See Pococke Orient. Pococke Orient. Description of the East, and some other Countries. By R. Pococke. Lon- don, 1743—1745. 2 vols. fol. Pair. Diet. See Poiret Encyc. Melh. Poir. Diet. Encyc. Suppl. See Poiret. Encyc. Suppl. Poir. Ency. MSth. See Poiret Encyc. MSlh. Poir. Encycl. Suppl. See Poiret Encyc. Suppl. Poir. Suppl. See ibid. Poiret Encyc. Meth. J. L. M. Poiret, Ency- clopedie Methodique, ou Dictionnaire de Bo- tanique. Paris, 1804—1808 ; being the 5th, 6th, 7th, and 8th vols, of Lamarck's Encyclopedie Methodique, &c. Poiret Encyc. Suppl. Id,, Encyclopedie M^- LIST OF BOOKS REFEKIIED TO. 1133 thodique Suppl6ment au Dictionnaire tie Bo- tanique. Paris, 1810—1816. 4 vols. 4to. Potr. Voy, Poiret (J. L. M.), Voyage en Bar- barie. Paris, 1789. 2vols. 8vo. Poit. Arb. Fi\ See Poi'L et Turp. Arb. Fruit. PoU. et Turp. Arb. Fj-uit. Poiteau et Turpin, Traits des Arbres fruitiers de Du HameU Nouvelle Edition. Paris, 1808 et seq. 13 fasc. foL PoU. Fl. Ver. Giro PoUini, Horti et Provincife A'^eionensis Plantse novse vel minus cognitEe. Favise, 1S16. Pcni. Mag. The Pomological Magazine. Lond. 1833. 3 vols. 8vo. Pojited. Comp. Jul. Pontedera, Compendium Tabularum Botanicarum. Patavii, 1719. 4to. Poniey's Prof. Planter. The Profitable Planter, &c. By \\ illiam Pontey. Huddersfield, 1800. 8vo. Pour. Act. Toul. Pourrett in Actis Academire ToiosaniiE. Pract. Treat, on Planting. Hayes. Presl Reliq. Hccnk. Presl, Reliquias Hjeu. kianae. Prod. See lice. Prod. Prodroinus. See ibid. Prodromus Flone Nepalemsis. D. Don, Pro- droraus Flora; Nepalensis. London, 1825. I2mo. Puerari MSS, Professor Puerari, in Manu- script Pursk Sept. See Pursh Fl. Bor. Amer. Pursk Fl. Am. Sep. See ibid. Pursh Fl. Bor, Amer. Fred. Pursh, Flora Borealis Americana. London, 1814. 2 vols. Svo. R. JZ. et P. FL Per. et Chil. Syst. H. Ruiz et Jos. Pavon, Systema Vegetabilium Florae Pe- ruvianjB et Chilensis. Matriti, 1798. 8vo. Jt. et P. Fl. Per. Syst. See R. et P. Fl. Per. et Chil. Syst. Rafiit. Joum. Phys. Rafinesque in Journal de Physique. Paris, 1773, and continued. 4to. Jiafin. Med. Bep. See Raf. Med. Flor. Jtafin. Pr&c. DSc. Som. Rafinesque- Schmaltz, Precis des Decouvertes Somiologiques on Zoo- logiques et Botaniques. Palerme, 1814. l8mo. Bafin. Speech. Rafioesque-Schmaltz, Spccchio delle Scienze, o Giomale enciclopedico di Sicilia. 1814. Bail Syn. Ray's Synopsis Plantarum. Bau. Enum. Ambr. Ran, Enumeratio Rosarum circa Wirceburgum sponte crescentium. No- rinbergas, 1816. 8vo. Jlauw. Itin. Rauwolf s Journey through Syria, Mesopotamia. Palestine, and Egypt. Translated from the English by Stapherst. 1693. 8vo. Bay^s General History of Plants. See Bay^s Historia Plantarum. jRay's Historia Plantarum. Joh. Ray, Historia PlanUrum. Londini, 1686 et 1688. 2 vols. fol. Vol. 3., seu Supplementum, 1704. Bed. Bos. See Bed. et Thar. Bos. Jtcd. et Thar. Bos. P. J. Redoutfe, Les Roses. PI. 169. color.: avec le texte, par CI. Ant. Thory. Paris, 1817—1824. 3 vols. fol. Bees's Cycl. See Bees's Cyclopcedia. jRees^s (^clop. Addenda. See ibid. Bees's Q/ctapadia. London, 1819. 39 vols. 4to. BignaiUt Boi. Icon. De Regnault, La Botanique mise a la Portge de tout le Monde. Paris, 1774. fol, Beick. Mag. Reichenbach (G. C), Magazin des Pflanzenreichs. 1793, 1794. 4to. Renault Fl. de VOrne. P. A. Renault, Flore du Departement de I'Ome. Alen^on, 1804. 8vo. Benealm Sp. Specimen Historise Plantarum. Paris, 1611. 4to. Betz. Obs. See Betx. Obs. Bat. Jletz. Obs. Bot. A. J. Retzius, Observationes Botanicse. London, 1774. 6 fasc. 4tQ. Ed. 2. Lipsiffi, 1779—1791. 6 vols. 4to. B-eyn. Act. Lam. See Beyn. Mem. Laus. Jteyn. Mem. See ibid. Beyn. M6in. Laus. Reynier in Mem. de la Soc de Lausanne. Richard Act. Parts. See Act. Soc. Hist. Nat. Par Bich. I>iss. G. G. Richter, Diss, de Muscorum Notis, &c. GdttingjE, 1747. 4to. Rich. Mem. Conif. See Mimoires sur les Coni- feres et les Cycad6es. Bickard Mim. sur les Coniferes. See ibid. Biv. Mon. Irr. Aug. Quirinus Rivinus, Ordo Plantarum Flore irregulari Monopetalo. Lip- sJEe, 1699. fol. B. Mai. Henricus Van Rheede, Hortus Indicus Malabaricus. 1678—1703. 12 vols. fol. Boem. Arch. Joh. Jac. Roemer, Archiv fiir die Botanik. Leipzig, 1796—1805. 3 vols. 4to. Bcetn. et Schult. Syst. Veg. Id. et Schultes, Ed. nov. Systematis Vegetabilium Linniei. Turici, 1815. 8vo. Bose Amateu/r^s Guide. The Rose Amateur's Guide. By T. Rivers, jun. London, 1837. 8vo. Bosier Joum. Phys. See Jowi-n. des Physiques. Rossig. Ros. Rossignol (K. G.), Les Roses dessin^es et enluminees d'apr^s Nature, avec une Description botanique. Traduit de I'AUe- mand par M. De Lafitte. Leips. 4to. Both Cat. Alb. Wilh. Roth, Catalecta Botanica, Lipsiaj, 1797— 1805. 3 vols. 8vo. Both Fl. Germ. See Bath's Flora Gertnanica. , Both Germ. See ibid. I Bcth's Flora Gertnanica, Alb. Wilh. Roth, Ten- tamen FlorsE GermanicEe. Lipsise, 1788 — 1801. 3 vols. 8vo. Box. MSS. Roxburgh in Manuscript. Box. Fl. Ind. See Boxb. FL Ind. ined. Box. Hort. Beng. W. Roxburgh, Hortus Ben- galensis ; or, a Catalogue, &c. Calcutta, 1814. 8vo. Boxb. Fl. Ind. ined. Flora Indica. Bv Vv'. Rox- burgh. Serampore, 1820—18-24. 2 vols. 8vo. Bar/. Lugdb. Adrlanus Van Royen, Florje Ley- densis Prodromus, exhibens Plautas Horti I^ugduno-Batavi. Lugd. Bat. 1740. Svo. Auctor dicitur C. Linnseus. Boyle lUustr. Bot. Himalaya. Illustrations of the Botany and other Branches of the Natural History of the Himalayan Mountains, and of the JFlora of Cashmere. London, 1833—1838. 4to. Rubi GermanicL A. Weihe et C. G. Nees ab Esenbeck, Rubi Germanici, Bonn, 1822. fol., pi. 53. Ruiz et Pav. FL Per. See R et P. FL Per. Bui-z et Pay. Syst. See B. et P. FL Per. el Chil. Syst. 'Bumph. Amb. See Runwh. Amboyn. Rumph. Amboyn. Geo. Everh. Rumphius, Her- barium Amboinense. Amstelodami, 1750. 6 vols. fol. Auctarium, 1755. Sal. Flor. Lond. Salisbury's Flora Londinensis. SaL HorL Allert. See Sal. Prod. Sal. Par. See Parad. Lond. Sal. Par. Lond. See ibid. Sal. Prod. R. A. Salisbury, Prodromus Stirpium in Horto ad Chapel Allerton. Londini, 179G. 8vo. Sal. Wot. Salictum Woburnense. By His Grace the Duke of Bedford. Royal Svo. Salisb. Prod. See Sal. Prod. Salisbury's MSS. R. A. Salisbury, in Manu- script. Santi Viagg. Geo. Santi, Viaggj al Mont Amiata, Pisa, 1795, Svo ; e per la Toscana, Vols. II. and III., 1798 and 1806. Sav. Alb. Tosc. Gaetano Savi, Trattato degU Alberi della Toscana. Firenze, 1801, 2 vols. 8vo; ed. 2. 1811. Savi FL Pis. Savi (C), Flora Pisana. PJsSs, 1798. 2 vols, Svo. Schiede et Deppe MSS. Schkuhr H. Christ. Schkuhr, Botanisches Hand- buch. Wittenberg, 1791—1803. 3 vols. 8vo. Schkuhr Handb. See Schhuhr H. 1134 LIST OF BOOKS KEFERIIED TO. Schlecht. Linncea. A. Schlectendal filius, Lin- nsea. Berol. 1826, and continued. 8vo. Schlechtend. Berl. Mag, A. Schlechtendal in Berl. Mag. Schmidt. See Sckmidi Bourn. Schm. Arb. See ibid. Schmidt Baum. F. Schmidt, (Esterreichs allge- meine Baumzucht. Wien, 1792 und 1794. 2 vols. fol. Schmidt Fl. Boh. F. W. Schmidt, Flora Bohe- mica. Pragffl, 1793, 1794. 2 vols. fol. Sckrad. Diss. See Schrad. Diss. Philad. Schrad. Diss. Philad. Schrader in DeCandoUe's Prodromus. Schrader Index Scm. Hort. Acad. G'dlt. Schra- der (C. F.), Index Plantarum Horti Botanici Pedagogii Regit Glauchensis. Hall., 1772. I2ino. Schrader Hort. Gbtt. MSS. See above. Schranch Baier. (Bavar.) Fl. Franz Von Paula Schranck, Baiersche Flora. Munich, 1789. 2 band. 8vo. Schranck Saltsb. Id., Primitiae Floraa Salisbur- gcnsis. Francof. Mepq. 1792." 8vo. Schranck Fl. Mon. Id., Plants; rariores Horti Monacensis. Munich, 1817—1819. fol. Schranck dcr Gcssells. Naturf. Freunde. Schreb. Dec. Joh. Christ. Dan. Von Schreher, Tcones Plantarum minus cognitarum, Decas 1. Halffi, 1766. fol. Schreb. Gen. Id., Linna^i Genera Plantarum. Francof. 1786. 2 vols. 8vo. Schult. (Estr.Fl. F. A. Schultes, CEstrichs Flora. Wien, 1794. 2 band. 8vo. Schult. Syst. See Ra;m. et Schult. Sijst. Scop. Carn. Joh. Ant. Scopoli, Flora Carniolica. Vienna, 1760, 1 vol. 8vo ; ed. 2. Vienucs, 1772, 2 vols. 8vo. Seb. Mus, Seha (A!b.), Locupletissimi Rerum naturalium Thesauri Descriptio. Amstelod. 1734-1765. Secondat Mein. du Chene. M^moires sur I'His- toire Naturelle du Chene. Par M. DeSecondat. Paris, 1785. fol. Segu. J'er. Joh. Franc. Seguisr, Plants Vero- ncnses. Verona?,. 1745. 3 vols. 8vo. Ser. Mel. N. C. Seringe, Melanges Botaniques. Berne, 1818. 2 vols. 8vo. ' Seringe Sal. Hcl. See Syringe Sautes de la Suisse. Seringe Saules de la Suisse. N. C. Seringe, Saules de la Suisse. Berne. 5 fasc. 4to. Seringe Monogr. des Saules de la Suisse. Id., Essai d'une Monographic des Saules de la Suisse. Berne, 1815. 8vo. Sibihorp''s Fl. Gnsc. See Flor. Gnsc. Sieboldt Ft. Jap. Sieboldt's Flora Japonica. Sims Eot. Mag. Dr. Sims in the Botanical Magazine. SlooTie Jam. The Natural History of Jamaica. London, 1707—1725. 2 vols. fol. Smith's Eng. Bat. See Eng. Bot. Smith's Eng. Fl. See Eng. Fl. Smith's Exoi. Bot. Exotic Botany. Bv Sir J. E. Smith. London, 1804, 1805. 2 vols. 4to, pi. 120. Smith's Flor. Brit. See Fl. Br. ^ Smith's Flor. Gr. See Flor. Gnsc. Sijiith's Historif of Nova Scotia. Published in the Mag. Nat. Hist. Smith's Icon. See Smith Icon. Pict. Smith Icon. Pict. Iconey pictEe Plantarum vari- orum. By Sir J. E. Smith. London, 1790— 1793. fol. Smith's Insect. Georg. See Abbott and Smith. Smith's Prodromus of Sibthorp's Flora Gnsca. Flora Graces Prodromus : sive Plantarum omnium Enumeratio quas in Provinciis aut Insulis Gra;ciffi invenit Johannes Sibthorp, M.D. ; cum Annotationibus. By Sir J. E Smith. London, 1806—1813. 2 vols. 8vo. Soland. MS. in Herb Banks. Solander's MS. in the Banksian Herbarium. Spach Ann. des Scien. Nat. Spach in the Annales des Sciences Naturelles. Sp. PI. See Lin. Sp. Plan. Spreng. Antiq. Bot. Kurt Sprengel, Antiqui- tatum Botanicarum Specimen. Lipsia, 1798, 4to. Spreng. Mag, Sprengel (K.), Neue Entdeck- ungen in ganzen Umfang der Pfiatizenkunde., Leip. 1820. 8vo. Spreng. Syst. Append.- See Sprengcl's Syst. SprengeVs Syst. Systema Vegetabilium, CaroH Linnaei. Cur. Curtio Sprengel. GdttingiB, 1827. 4 vols. 8vo. Spreng. Syst. Veg. See Sprengel's Syst. Stephenson and Churchill's Medical Botany, See Churchill's Medical Botany . Stoke's Bot. A Botanical Arrangement of British Plants, &c., by W. Withering, including a new set of references to Figures. By Jonathan Stokes, M.D. Birmingham, 1787. 2 vols. 8vo. St. Pierre's E'tudes de la Nature. J. Bernardin Henri de Saint Pierre, E'tudes de la Nature. Paris, 1800. 10 vols. 18mo. Stiir/n D. Fl. Jacob Sturm, Deutschland Flora. Pars 1. (Phanerog.), fasc. 1—28. Pars 2. (Cryptog.), fasc. 1 — 11, Niiniberg, 1798 et seq. 2 vols. 4to. Suburban Horticulturist. By J. C. Loudon, F.L.S., &c. Swartx Fl. Ind. Occ. Olof, sou Olaus, Swartz, Flora IndiaG Occidentalis. Erlangje, 1787 — 1806. 3 vols. 8vo. Su'artz MSS. Swartz in Manuscript. Swnrtz Prod. Id., Prodromus Descriptionura Vegetab. Indiffi Occidentalis. Holmis, 1788. 8vo. Sw, Br. Fl.-Gard. The British Flower-Garden. Conducted by R. Sweet, and afterwards by Professor Don, till 1837. London. 8vo. Sweet's H. B. See Sweeps Hort. Brit. Sweet's Hort. Brit. Sweet (R.), Hortus Britan- nicus. London, 1826. 8vo. Swt. Cist. Cistineffi. The Natural Order of Rock Rose. By R. Sweet. London, 1830. 8vo. Swt. Fl.-Gard. See Sw. Br. Fl.-Gard. Swt. Hort. Sub. Lond. Sweet's Hortus Subur- banus Londinensis. 1819. Syst. ^eg. Quer. See Sprengel's Syst. Tahern. Ic. See Tabern. Krauterb. Tahern. Krauterb. J. T. TabernEemontanus, Krauterbuch. Francof. Mein, 1588—1592. Ed. 2., Cur. C. Bauhino. Francof. Mein, 1613 und 1625. Basilise, 1664 and 1731. Tenore. Tenore (M.), Sylloge Plantarum. Na- ples. 8vo. Tenor. Prod. Fl. Neap. Id., Prodromus Florje Neapolitanee. Neap. 1811-1813. 8vo. Tenore Prod. Suppl. See Tenoi-e Prod. Fl. Neap. Tenor. Syn. Fl. Neap. Id., Synopsis novarum Plantarum, qua; in Prodrome describuntur. Neap. 1815. 8vo. Tenore SylL Fl. Neapol. See Tenor. Syn. Fl. Neap. Tenore's Flora Neapolilana. Id., Flora Neapo- litana. Neapoli, 1811 et sea. 6 fasc. fol. Tentamen Florce Nepalensis illustrate. Dr. Wallich, Tentamen, &c. Caicutt. et Seramp. 1824. fol. Thore Chlor. LaTztt. 3. Thore, Essai d'une Chloris du D^partement des Landes. Dax, 1803. 8vo, Thore Prom, sur les CStes de Gascognes. Id. Dax, 1804. 8vo. Thouin Mdm. Mus. See MSm. Mus. Thm'L Ft. Par. J. L. Thuillier, Flore des En- ■ytrons de Paris. Paris, 1790. 12mo. Thuil. Parts. See Thutf. Fl. Par. Thunh. Diss. C. P. Thunberg, Diss, de EricS, Upaal, 1785. 4to. Ed. 2. Cur. R. A. Salisbury, Featherstone, 1800. Thunb. Fl. Jap. See Thunh. Jap, Thunb. Icon. Fl. Jap See ibid. LIST OF BOOKS REFERRED TO. 1135 ThuTib, Jap. C. P. Thunberg, Flora Japonlca. Lipsia;. 17S4. 8vo. Thunb. Kov. Gen. Id., Nova Genera Planta- rum. Tilli Cat. Hort. Pisani. M. A. TiUi, Catalogus Horti Pisani. Florentiae, 1723. fol. T. Nees ab Esenbeck Gen. Ft. Flor. Don - 1029 orient^lis Toum. - 1029 Page P/cea Lindl.- - 1037 Ptcea Mill. - - 1026 pcctincita Dec. - 1037 pectinhia - 1032 p&ndula Poir. - 1056 PIchta Fisch. - 1043 Pins&po Bois. - 1041 religidsa Lindl. - 1049 riibra Poir. - - 1032 cffiriilea - 1032 sibirica - - - 1 043 sitchensis Bang. - 1036 Smitlu&na A. B. - 103*^ Smiihiclna Lindl. - 1032 taxtfblin Hort. Par. 1037 iaxifblia Hort. - 1039 Taxifblio Hort. A. 1044 7(ZJ//3/;oTourn.- 1037 tenwJUia Sm. Ayr 1027 Thunbh'giiTh.\X!\\i 1036 Tordno Sieb. - 1036 trigbna - - 1036 vulgaris Voix: ~ 1037 "Webbifina l,;"nd/. - 105] AbietinjB - - 947 Jbi-oinnummdsDoA. 550 Acdcia Pluk. - - 233 americdna Piuk. - 250 triacanthos Hort - 250 Acerdceae - 79. 1112 A^cer /,. - - 79.1112 barbdtum Hort. - 86 barTiatum Mx. ~ 94 Buzimpdla Hamil. 79 campestre L. - 93 austriacum Tratt. 93 collinum Wallr. 93 f61iis varieg^ris - 93 hebecarpum Dec, 93 heterocarpum - 1112 lajvig^tum Lodd. 93 n^num Lodd. - Ii3 rtibris - - 1112 canadense Marsh,- 81 car olinianumW all. 92 circin^tum Pursh - 92 cpccineuni Ait. 92 coccineuni Hort. - 90 colchicum Hartw. 1112 riibrum Bosc - 1112 coriaceum Bosc 38 creticum L. - - 94 dasycdrpnnC^iWA. 90 eriocarpura Mx. - 90 fldridum Hort. - 90 glftbrum Torr. 94. 1112 glavca Marsh. 92 glaHcum Marsh. 90 granatense Bois. - 94 grandidentiitum le^f. - HS procira Sal. 145 JlatSrnus - - 171 sempervirens KoehL 531 Alder - - - 832 Alexandrian Laurel 1101 AU Saints' Cherry - -281 Almond Tree - - 2bl A'lnus Toum. 832. U17 acuminata H. et B 836 americana Lodd. - 835 barbJita Mey. 836 cnnorfeTMis Lodd. - 835 castaueifdlia Mirb. 837 corddta Ten. 835 Curdif blia Lodd. 835 crispa Pursh 835 denticuUta Fisch. - 1117 Jruticdsa Schm. - 836 glaUca Mx. - 834 glutmiJsa Giertn. - 832 emargin?ita JVt'lld. 832 foliis variegitis ^. 833 incisa Hort. - 832 laciniata Ait. 832 macrocarpa - 833 oxyacanthsefblia 832 quercifdlia WiUd. 832 incana JVilld. 834 angulita Ait. 834 glatica - - 834 laciniata Lodd. - 834 jorrullensis - - 836 macrocarpa Lodd. 833 obtusifftlia Royle - 835 oblongata Willd. - 834 f&liis ellipticis Ait, 834 ow^/aLodd. - - 836 oxyacanthtefblia L. 832 serrulJlta JVilld. - 835 undul^ta JVilld. 835 subcordata Mey. 836 viridis ZJec. - 836 AUh^^afnitex 62 Altingia Noronh. 932 excBlsa Noronli. - 933 Amelinchier JV/.4I2.1115 Botry^pium DdC. - 412 florida Lindl. 414 pairifblia - 414 ovalis Dec. - - 413 semi-integrifblia 414 subcordata 414, 1115 parvifldra Doug. 413 sanguinea Z)ec. 413 vulgaris Mcench 412 American Allspice 452 American Ash 616 American Elm - 723 Ajner. Honeysuckle 692 American Oaks - 862 American Pines - 969 AmTnyrsine Ph. - 602 buxifdlia Fh. 6'i2 Lffoni Swt. - 602 prostrdta Swt. 602 Amorpha L. - 230 canescens Ntitt. 232 crdceo-lankta 231 frJigrans Swt. 231 frutic5sai. - - 230 angustifblia Fsh. 230 CEertilea Lod. Cat. 230 emargin^ta Pursh 230 Lewlsii Lod. Cat. 230 glabra Desf. - - 230 microph^lla Pursh 23 1 ndna Hutt. - 281 nana Sims - 23 J PaR. fpvbhscens Pursh 232 Ampel6psis Mr. 139. 141 bipinnlta Mx. botrya Dec, - 140 140 capreolElta G. Htm 140 cordEita Mx. - 140 hederScea Ux. 139 hirsdta Bonn, - 139 hit\--itta Donn 140 inclsa - 140 qurnquefUia H. - 139 Am^gdalus T. - 261 1114 argentea Lam. 265 Bessen'dna Schott 262 campistris Besser 262 comraimis i. 263 aiTikra i>ec. 263 dfilcis Bee. 264 11. plSno Baum. C 264 f6l. varieg. Baum. 264 IVagilis Ser. 264 macrocarpa Ser. 264 persicoides St:r. 264 jrngilis Hell. geSrgica Desf. 264 262 incana Fall. - 263 nina i. - 262 campestris Ser. - 262 ge4rgica Dec. 262 tncdna Guld. 263 sibirica Lodd. 262 orientalis Jit. 265 Palirisii Ledei. - 1114 pedunculdta Pallas 1114 p^rsica L. - 266 persica Lam. 267 Nectarina Ait. - 267 pitmila L. - 286 tomentbsa Lodd. C. 263 viiig&ris Dec 262 Am^Tts Cav. - 192 polygama Cav. 192 Anacardi&ceae - 184. 1113 Anagyris Wall. 199 ini/ca Wall. 199 Andrachne Clus. 675 Theophrasti Clus. Andromeda i. S75 .560 acuminata Ait. 569 aneuslifilia Ph. - oroSrea L. Sp. 663 .566 axilldris Sol. 568 bryantha L. Mant. 671 asrillea L. Sp. 671 calyculcita L. Sp. - 563 angustifdtia Ait. 563 capricida Ham. - 570 cassinefblia Vent. 564 cassinefblia & Vent 664 Cate!bt;-'i Walt. 568 Catesba-i Walt. 569 coridcea Willd. 565 crispa Desf. - Dabce-cia L. Syst. 663 672 dealhdta Lindl. 564 Drummondii Hook 661 ericoides Pall. 562 ferruginea Walt. - 665 femtginea WiUd. 665 arborescevs Mx. 565 fruticbsa Mx. - 565 jloribUnda Lyon - 569 formasissima Bartr. 669 Jroruldsa Ph. 567 hijpnoides L. Sp. .- 661 laurina Mx. '569 Imigifblia Pursh 596 /iic;tfa Jacq. - 669 /iic/da Lam. - .565 lycopodibides Pall. 562 maridna Jacq. 666 maridna L. Sp. 666 7nar^indta Duh. - 565 ovalifblia Asiat. R. 570 oz/l)a H^utt. 15 lincarlloba Z)ec. - 15 marithna All. Pad. 3 montina Ham. 15 nepalensis Hort. 7 ockroleUca Hort. - 4 odordta Hort. 7 orientalis L. 4 panicutdta Thun. - 3, 4 parvifibra Dec. - 12 parvitl5ra Nutt. 15 pedicell^ta Swt. 14 Pitcher! 7'.^G. 15 polymdrpha Hort. 14 pubescens - - 15 pulchella Pers. 1 2 reticulata IValt. 9 7-dsefl Abbott - 9 sibirica Mill. Diet. 17 SiebdldliVAXt. 10 Simsii Hook. 9 Simsii Swt. H. B. 7 sinensis Lour. Coc. 5 suaviolens Sal. P. 3 tenui/^l. lusiidn. T. 12 i^rtia Com. - - 5 t7-iternhta Hort. 6 tritei-ndta Hort. 7 fej-ewA' Gerard 3 vertJcillhris Dec. - 17 ^!(5rna Bot. Rep. 8 Viorna L. - 7 cordata - - 7 viornbides Schrad. 12 virginiana L. - 6 bracte^ta Dec. 6 Vitaibai. - 5 Viticellai. - 11 baccStaDec. 12 caerillea - - 12 multiplex G.Don 12 purpQrpa - 12 tenuifblia J)cc. - 12 vitifdlia - 15 Ciethra L. - 581 acuminata Mx. 582 alnifblia L. - 582 denud&ta Ait. - 582 pubiscens Ait. 582 incdna Vers. 582 onontdna Bartr. 582 paniculata Ait. 582 sc^bra Pers. - 5M3 tomentbsa L. - 582 Cluster Pine - 261 C/^mmon L'Obel - 78 Italbrumh'Ohei - 78 Cnebrum Miitth. 691 CScculus Bauh. 40 carolinus Dec. • 40 Cockspur Thorn 358 CoU^tia Com. 178 E'phedra Tiwi/. - 179 ferox Gill.& Hook. 179 horrida Lindl. 179 spin6sa - - 179 uUcina - 179 Coliltea R Br. 244 dptera Schmidt 244 arborescens L. 244 cruenta Ait. 244 haleppica Lam. 245 hirsiita Roth 244 hUmilis Scop. 245 (s/j7rt Mill. Diet - 245 media Wil/d. 245 nepalensis Hoo^. - 245 Patje orientMis Lam. - 244 Poc6ckii Ait. - 2-»5 proc^mbens L'H. 245 saw^Mtoect Fall. - 244 wolgdrica Lara. 243 Co/yOT6^a Salifib. - 1062 giiadrifdria Sal. - 1062 C6niarum L. 320 paltistroi;. - 320 Comp6sit£e - 545 Comptbnia 5o/. - 936 asplenifblia Solan. 936 Conifers - 946 C6rchorus Thunb. 298 japSnicus Thunb. 298 CorSma i>oa - 1092 SlbaDym - - 1092 CoreSsma Spach - 484 viscosissima Spach 484 Coriaceae - - l46 Covikvia. Niss. 146 myrtifbliaX. 146 nepalensis I^a//. - 146 sarment6sa Forst. 146 Cork Tree - - 884 Cornacese - 501. 1116 Cornelian Cherry - 505 Cornel Tree - 505 Cornish Elm, - - 716 Cornus L. - 501. 1116 alba Walt. - 604 0ba L.- - - . 503 circin^ta Don 603 sibirica L. C. 503 allh'na Marsh. 501 altemifblia L. - 501 Ambmum Du Roi 504 asper^lia L. C. - 604 car^ka Lam. 504 ciBrUlea Meerb. 603 canadensis Hort. - ."jOS candidissima Mill. 604 capitd,la Wall. - 508 circinata VHer. - 505 circinata Cham. - 603 citHJblia Hort. 504 cyanocdrpusGui. - 503 cyanocdrpus Moen. 504 duUrica Laxm. - 521 Jce'mma M. Diet. 504 fce'mina Ray - 502 fasitgidta Mx. 503 Jerruginca Hort. 504 florida L. - 5(7 gr£ndis Sehlecht.- 507 grSndis Benlh. - 1116 lanuginosa Mx. - 504 macrophjlla Wall. 1116 mas L. - - 505 frfictu c^raa col6ris506 variegfitus - - 506 obl6nga WaU. 505 oblonfiifblia Rafin. 504 oflScinalis - - 507 paniculdta Ham. - 505 paniculata L'Her. 504 albida Ehrh. 504 radiata Ph. - 504 race?nbsa Lam. 604 rubiginbsa Ehrh. 504 rugbsa Lam. - 505 sanguinea Ph. 502 sanguinea Walt. - 503 sanguinea L. - 502 fbliis variegatis - 502 PurshiiDoM'silf. 502 sempervzrens L.C. 604 sericea L^HSr. - 504 oblongiiblia Dec. 504 strSctaX. - - 503 asperif61ia 604 sempervirens 504 stolan^fera Mx. 603 tatdrica Mill. Ic. - 503 tomentbsa Mx. - 605 virginid.na H. Par. 505 Page Coronilla N. - - 24fi E'meruai. - - 247 juncea L. - - 248 paucjftbra Lam. - 247 Corstorphine Plane 86 Corylaceae - 846.1117 C6rylus L. - - 921 americana Michx.- 925 hiimilis Wang. - 925 arbbrea Hort. - 922 Avellanai. - 921 barcelonensis - 923 crispa i?Mc.o/P/. 923 heteroph^Ua - 923 pilmila - 922 purpilrea - 922 sylvestris Ait. 922 tenuis Lod. 923 tubulbsa - 922 alba - 923 byzantina Herm. - 923 Coldrna L. - 923 intermMia 923 arborescens 923 corn^la Hort. 925 intermedia Lod. - 923 rostrata Ait. ■ 925 sylvestris Gron. - 925 Cotoneaster Med. 406 acuminata Lindl. - 409 afilnis Lindl. 408 bacilUris Wal/. - 1115 buxiftJlia /To//. 411 marginata- 411 denticulata - 407 elliptica Hort. 409 frigida WaU. 408 ku7ndna'ljo6..Co\\. 407 liB'vis Lodd. Coll. 409 laxiflbra Jacq. - 407 unifibra Fischer- 407 Tnargindta Lindl . - 411 melanocdrpa Fisc. 406 microphylla Wall. 411 U^va-Hrsi Lindl. 410 nummuldria Litidl. 409 rotundifbliafFaW. 410 tomentbsa Z,i«(//, - 406 U^va-Hrsi Hort. 410 vulgaris Lind. 406 depressa Fries - 406 erythrocarpa Led 406 melanocdrpa - 406 CowAnia D. Don 321 plicata D. Dun 321 Crabowskia Schl. - 669 boerhaaviffifblia S. 669 Crab - - -s 925 Crack Willow 769 Cranberry - - 616 Cratffi'gus LzKd. 353, 1115 acerijblia Hort. - 3-54 ffistivSIis T.^G. - 1115 iBStivdlis Walt. 353 altdica Lodd.Cat.- 363 apiifbtia L. Cat. 366 apiifblia Mx. 366 m&jor L. Cat. - 366 minor - - 366 arborescens T.^G, 1 II5 arbutijblia L .Cat. 366 aj-butifblia Ait. - 404 jtria wor. at.L.Sp. 432 A^ria ^ L. Sp. 434 Arbnia Pose 370 axillaris L. Cat. - 383 Azarblus L. 368 A. ^ Willd. Sp. - 370 berbtsrifblia r. ^ G. 1115 beiulijUia L. Cat.- 383 Chaimemdspilus J. 449 carolinid.na L. C. - 361 caroUnidna Poir.- 364 carpdtica L. Cat. - 3G2 coccinea Booth 353 corallina . - 354 GENERAL INDEX. 1147 raftxima L. Cat.- 3ft4 m611is T.^G. - 1115 ne«poUtan!i Hor. 3M oligandrar. ^G.1115 populifMiar-fe. 1115 sptTidsa Godeft.- 354 viridis T.^G. - 1115 corallina L. Cat. - 354 cordata Mill. - 367 corriifdlia Booth - 356 c?mtt/olius C.Bauh. 150 latffdlius Marsh. - 150 Iilcidus D.Don - 153 micranthus D.Don 153 niinus Bieb. - 151 obovdtus Dec. 162 pendulus Wall. 153 sempervirens M. - 152 subtriflbrus Blume 153 tingens Wall. - 163 Thunbergianus B. 153 vagans PTa//. 153 verrucosus Scop. - 150 vutedris Mill, Diet. 149 EuOsmun Nutt. - 685 eestivdlis Nutt. 683 Benzoin Nutt. 685 Diospyrtts Nutt. 685 geniculdta Nutt. 635 EuphorbiacejE 701 Evergreen Oaks 880 Evergreen Thorn 385 EysenhSrdtia H. 232 amorphoides H. - 232 Fabl^naiJ.*/*. - 1117 imbricdta R. &P. - 1117 Fagdra Lam. 111. 143 fraxinifhlia Lam. 143 T^^gmBauh. - 917. 1118 FagusX. - 905.1118* americdna latijbl, 909 antarctica Forst. - 910 betuldides Jl/iVfi. - 910 carolinidna Lod. - 609 Castdnea Lin. 916 Domb&yi Mirb. 911 Ahhia-Mirb. - - 911 ferruginea Ait. 909 carolinidna 909 Pag* latifiJTia - - 009 latifUia .. 909 obiiqua Mirb. - 910 p^mila Lin. - ~ 914 flylvatica X. - 905. 1119 americdna - - 907 asplenijblia Lod. 906 atrorubens Du R. 905 cochleata^. - 1118 crispa Hort. 906 cristata - 906 cCiprea Lod. - 905 f dliis varieg^tis - 905 heteroph^Ua ■ 906 incisa Hort. 906 lacinidta Lod. 906 pendula Lod. 906 purpClrea Ait. ■ 905 salicifblia Hort. 906 sylvestris Mich. 905.907 False Acacia ' 233 Ficus Tourn. 712 CaricaX. - 712 commjinis Bauh. - 712 h&milis Tourn. 712 sylvestris Tourn. - 712 Fig Tree - 712 Filbert - - 922 Fischera Swartz 602 Five-leaved Ivy 139 Flowering Ash - 651 Fly Honeysuckle 533 Fontan&sia Lab, - 638 phillyrebides Lab. ,639 Forsythia Walt. - 467 scdndens Walt. - 467 Fothergiila L. - 500 alnifblia X. 500 actita Sims - 500 mdjor Sim.s - 500 obtus&ta Sims - 500 alnifblia L.f. Supp. 500 Gdrdeni Jacq. - 500 Gdrdeni Mx. 800 Fox Grape - 137 Franklinia Marsh. - 73 americdna Marsh. 73 Frdseri Nutt. - 31 pyramiddta Nutt. 31 Fr&xinus Tour. - 639 acuTnindta Lam. - 646 dlba Bosc 650 aleppensis Pluk. - 645 americana Willd. - 646 latifblia - 646 angustifblia B. 643 apetala I.am. 639 argentea Xo;^. 644 atrovirens Desf. - 641 aUrea Pers. 640 BSsciiG. Don 650 botry'dldes Mor. - 651 canadensis Gaertn. 650 carollni&na - 649 carolinidna Gates. 650 carolinidna Mill. - 649 carolinidna Wang. 649 chin^sis Bosc - 650 dnerea Bosc 650 c6ncolor Muhl. - 648 crispa Bosc 639 crispa Bosc 641 crhpa Hort. 617 discolor - 646 diversiJZlia Hort. - 642 elltptica Bosc 650 epiptera Valil 650 erbsa Pers. - 639 excelsior Walt 649 excelsior X.- - 639 argentea De^. •• 641 aurea WtUd. En. 640 atirea pendula - 640 crispa - 641 erbsa Pers. - 641 fungbsa Lodd. Cat. 641 GENERAL INDEX. IHO Page hetei'0}ih-6lla Dec. 642 horizontalis De^. 641 jaspldea WiUd. • 641 lutea - - 641 D^na - 641 pendula Ait. 640 purpurSscens D. 641 verrucbsa Desf.- 641 pendula - - 641 verticillata X. C. 641 villbsa n6va Des. 641 var. E Lam. - 642 expansa Willd. - 650 floi-ibdnda D. Don 653 florifera Scop. - 651 Snsca Bosc - 650 heterophylla- 642 variegSta - 643 integrifblia Hort. - 642 juglandifdUa 648 subintegerriina - 649 sttbserrata Willd. 649 UBvig&la Hort. - 743 Idncea Bosc - 660 lanceoldta Borkh. - 649 lentiscif 5Ha Desf. 645 pendula - 645 longifblia Bosc 650 mannifera Hort. - 652 mixta Bosc - 650 tnonophylla Desf. - 642 nigra Bosc - 650 nigra Du Roi 646 nigra Moeiich - 647 Ndvis-A'nglits Mill. 649 O'rnus Pall. - - 644 O'ritus Scop. 639 O'rnus Lin. - - 651 O'rnus W\{.- - 651 nmcricS,7ia Lodd. 653 ov&ta Bosc - 650 oxycarpa W. 644 orj/phylla Bieb. 644 pallida Bosc - 645 paniculdta Mill. - 651 pannbsa Vent, et B. 650 parvif51ia WiUd. - 643 parvifblia Lam. - 645 pennsi/lvamcaMArs. 647 platycarpa T. - 650 palemoniydlia Poir. 650 pubtfscens fV. - 646 latifdlia »7iW. - 647 longifblia mild. 647 subpubescens Per. 647 pulverulenta Bosc 650 pui-purea Hort. - 041 quaxirangulhris Lod. 648 quadrangulata Afjr. 648 nervosa Lodd. Cat. 648 Richardi Bosc - 650 rostrdta Guss. 639 rotundifblia Ait. - 652 rubicimda Bosc 650 rfe/n Bosc - 650 salicifUia Hort. 643 sambucifblia - 647 crfspa LofM. Cat. 647 Schieded.na Sch. - 651 serratifblia Mich. 649 simpliciJhUa Hort 642 simplicijblia Willd. 642 striata 5wjc - - 653 subvillbsa Bosc - 647 tamariscifbUa Vahl 645 ietragbna Cels. - 648 tomentdsa Mich. fi46 triptera Nutl . 650 vlridis Bosc - 650 viridis Mich. 648 vulgd-tiar Segn. 651 French Berries 173 Fringe Tree - - 634 Fulham Oak - 859 Furze - 199 G^/e Ray 934 Garry3ce» 926 Page Girrya Dougl. 926 elliptica Dougl. 926 laurifblia Hartw. ~ 926 Lindl&yi - 926 macrophj'lla - 926 oblonga 926 ovata - - 926 Gaulth^ria L. 579 procumbens Z. 579 serpytlifUia Ph. 581 Shallou Pursh - 580 Gefira - - 277 Gelsemium Barrel. 661 Clematis Barrel. - 661 Genista iam. 203. 1114 setnensis Dec. 209 atoaLam. - 213 amsdntica Ten. 219 anglica L, - 207 anxantica Ten. 209 scaribsa - 210 aphylla Dec. - 208 candicans/.. - 203 decHmbens Dur. 212 diffClsa Willd. 212 ephedrdides Dec. - 205 erindcea Gilib. B. P. 206 germanica h. - 207 inermis Dec. 208 i?o//eTi' Reyn. 212 herbhcea Lam. - 21 1 hirsiiia Moench - 219 hisp^nica L. - - 207 hispanica Jacq. ic. 206 h6rrida Dec. - - 206 humif^a Wulf. 212 ilvSnsis Dalech. 205 itdlica Lodd. Cat - 210 jUncea Lam. - 202 lusitanica L. ~ 205 monosperma L. - 208 multi/iara'S.'Dn'il. 213 Tmnor Lam. - - 207 wrwa/o Kit. - - 211 odordta Mcench 202 ovita IVald. - 211 patens Dec. - - 204 parviflora Dec. - 203 pedunculdtah'Hkr. 212 pilbsaL. - - 212 proctimbens W. 212 prostrdta Zam. 212 ptirgans L. - 208 radiSta Scop. 205 umbelldta - 205 repens Lam. - - 212 rostrdta Poir. Sup. 206 sagitta.Us X. - - 211 minor Dee. 211 scaribsa Vin. - 210 Scopdria Lam. 219 Sc&rpius Dec. 206 E«rlcea Wulf. - 208 sibiricaX. - 210 ephjerocErpa L. - 209 spimfibra Lam. 206 spinosa - - 213 sylvestris Scop. 206 tinctbriaX. - 210 fibre pl6no- 210 hirsilta Dec. 210 latifblia Dec. 210 pratensis Poll. 210 var. N. Du H. - 210 tomentbsa Poir. 219 thyrslflbra 5ooiA - 1114 triacanthoB .ffroi. - 206 interrtipta Dec. - 206 triangumris Willd. 211 triquetra Ait. - 204 ^W^M^^ra Lain.? - 204 triquetra Wald. 211 umbelldta Poir. 205 umbellMa Poir. 204 capitata - 205 wzVgo/oLam. - 208 Genistella Moench - 211 Pase racemhsa Moench - till Genistbides Moench 210 eldta Mcench - 210 tuberculdta Moench 212 Ginkgo Lin. - - 945 biloba Lin. - 945 Ginkgo Tree - - 945 Glastonbury Thorn 377 Gleditschia X. - 249 aqu^tica Lodd. 254 aquatica Marsh - 251 Boqui Hort. Sac. G. 254 brachycdrpa Pursh 250 carolmensis Lam. 251 caspidna Bosc 254 caspica Desf. - 254 subvirescens Hort. 254 ckin&nsis - - 252 f&rox Desf. 254 ferox Baudr. - 254 fdrox - - - 254 horrida Willd. Sp. 252 mdjor Lodd. Cat. 252 ndna Hort. Soc. 252 purpurea Lodd. 252 Japbnica Lodd. Cat. 252 Javdnica Lam. 252 lar^vis Hort. - - 250 macracantha - 254 meliloba Walt. - 250 micracSntha H. S. G. 254 monosperma - - 251 monosperma - 254 orientalis Lodd. 254 orientdlis Bosc - 254 pra'cox Hort. Soc. 254 sinensis Lam. - 252 inermis N. Du. H. 252 major Hort. - 252 nana Hort- - 252 purpurea Hort. 252 spinbsa Du Ham. - 250 triacdntha Gzert. - 251 triac^nthos X. 250 brachycdrpa - 250 inermis Dec. - 250 polt/spirma Mart. 250 var. ^ Mx. - 250 Glycine Bot. Mag. - 249 chiniTisis Bot. Mag. 249 frut&scens Lin, Sp. 249 sininsis Bot. Reg. 249 Gnet^cese 937 Goafs Thorn - 246 Goat Wheat - 678 Golden Osier - 763 Gooseberry - 468 Goosefoot 675 Gordbnia Ellis 73 Lasianthus X. - 73 pubescens L'Hirit. 73 Gorse - - - 200 GranataccEE 456 Grape Vine - 136 Green Weed - - 210 GroBSuldces - 468.1116 Grossuldria Mill. D. 473 hirs^ta Mill. Diet. 473 reclindta Mill. Diet. 473 trifihra subv. - 471 Groundsel Tree 547 Guaiacdna Toum. 625 patavlna Tourn. - 625 Guelder Rose - 299. 522 Guilandlna L. - 256 dioica Lin. Sp. 255 Gum Cistus - 54 Gymn6cladus X. 255 canadensis Lam. - 255 Gypsocallis Sal. 557 carnea D. Don - 558 mediterranea D. D. 558 iriultiflbra D. Don 558 vSgans Sal. - - 557 aiba - 557 pallida - - 557 purpurSflcens 5ree 557 I'd KB rubescens Bree - 657 tenSlla - 557 Hackberry 730 HaiesiScea: - 620 Hal6siaX///5 - 020 diptera i. - - 621 parvifibra Mx. 621 tetraptera X. - 620 Halimodendron Fisck. 242 argenteum Dec, - 242 brachysfima Dec. 242 Sieversii - - 243 vulgare Dec. - 242 subvirhcens Dec. 243 SievHrsii Fisch, - 243 subvirescens 243 Hdlim.us Clus. - 676 sec-Undics Clus. 676 vulgdris Ger. 67G Halodindron Dec. - 242 Hamamelid^ce^e 499 Hamamfilis X. 499 macrop/tplla Ph. - 499 monoica L. - 500 virgjnica X. - - 50n macroph^Ua 499 parvifblia Nutt. - 499 Ham.elia Puer. 644 conndta Puer. - 544 Hare's Ear - 495 Hawthorn " 375 Hazel . 921 Heath ^ - 555 Heather - - - 559 UedeTA Swartz 497.1116 cannriensis Willd. 498 chrysocdipos Dalech,498 Dionjsias J. Bauh. 498 Helix Wall. - - 498 H^lixX.- - 497 arborescens Lod. C. 498 canariensis Dec. - 498 chrysocarpa Dec. - 498 digitata Lod. Cat. - 498 fbl. argenteis Lod.C. 498 fbl. aUreis Lod. C. 498 tafinca - - - 1116 poetica C. Bauh. - 498 quinquefblia L.Sp. 139 Hedgehog Holly - 158 HedysSrese - - 247 Heli&nthemum Ten. 58 apennlnumXdc. - 59 cangscens Swt. - 60 grandillbrum Dec. 59 hyssopifblium Ten. 60 crocatum Swt. - 61 ciipffeum Swt. 61 multiplex Swt. - 61 macranthum Swt. 60 multiplex Swt. - 60 scabrbsum Pers. - 61 serpyllifblium Mill. 59 surrej^num Mill. - 58 tafiricum Fisch. 59 vulgdre Geert. - 58 Hemlock Spruce - 1035 Hibiscus X. - 62 syriacus X. 62 fibre Slbo - 62 fibre Silbo pleno - 62 fibre purpureo - 62 fibre purp. plSno 62 fibre rubro - 62 fibre variegSto - 62 fbliis variegitis 62. Hickory - - - 735 Hicbrius Raf. - 742 integrifblius Raf. - 742 Hippocdstanum Ten* 124 vulgdre Ten. - 124 Hipp6phae X. - 698 Hippbphae L. - 70O arg6ntea Pursh 700 canadensis Linn. - 700 confirta Wall. 699 Rhamndldes - 698 1150 GENERAL INDEX. angustif 61ia L. - G98 sibirica - o9° Balicif61ia D.Don 699 sibirica Lod. "99 Holly - - [56 HomaliiiSceEe - 182 Honey Locust 250 Honeysuckle - - 526 Hop Hornbeam 920 Hornbeam - 917 Horsechestnut 124 Hortensia Juss. - 492 Huntingdon Elm 723 Hydr&ngeae - 492 Hydrangea L. 492 altlssima Wall. 494 arborescens X. 492 discolor Ser. 493 cordata Pk. - 493 ge6rgica - 493 frutiscens Mcetich 492 • gedrgica Lo. C. - 493 heteromalla Don 493 Hortensia Sieb. 494 hort^nsis Sm. 494 nivea Mx. - 493 glabella Ser. 493 quercif6Ua Si^tr. 493 radidtaSm. - - 493 radidta Wall. 493 vestita Wall. 494 vulgaris Mx. - 492 Hyperantkera dioica Vahl. - 255 HypericScese 74. 1112 Hypericum L. - 74. 11 12 adpressum Bartr. 77 Androsh - 683 pLihescens Pursh 6s3 obtusa Pursk - 6S3 Catesbiana ,Vj. 683 diiispyroides Mx. - 685 Diospjrus Pers 685 en&rvis MiW. ~ 683 geniculata Mx. - 685 melisscefdlia Walt. 685 nobilis i. - - 681 angitstijblia Lod. 682 crispa Lodd. - 682 fibre pldno 682 fdl. var. Lod. - 682 latifr>lia Mill. 682 salicifMia Swt. - 682 undulata 2tfi7i. - 682 ■variegata Swt. • 682 PseUdo Benzdm Mx. 685 Sassafras L. - - 683 LauTel - - 295 Laureola Gesn. 688 Laurcstinus - 516 Lavender - 672 Lavender Cotton 548 Lavandula Z.- 672 Spica - - 672 Leather Wood 692 Ledum L. - 602 buxifblium Berg. - 602 canadense Lcdd. - 603 greenldndicum Retz. 603 Tatifblium Ait. 603 pal&slre Mx. - 603 palustre L. - 603 dectimbens Ait. 603 serpyllifbliunt L'H. 602 silesiacuTJZ Clus. - 603 ihyTrnJolium Lam. 602 Legumindcea: 194 Legumin&sse - - 1114 Leiophyllum Pcrs. 602 prostratum - - 602 tbymifblium Pers. 602 Ijeptospirmum W. 466 scd,bru7n W. - - 466 Leucothoe Z>. Don - 568 acuminata G. Don 569 axillaris D. Don 568 longifblia - - 569 floribtinda D. Don 5R9 spicata G Don - 5fi9 spinulbsa G. Don - 569 Leycestfiria WriU. 543 formdsa Wall. 544 LignuTn Rumph. - 933 papuhnum Rumph. 933 Ligfistrum Ton. 628. 1116 germanicum Bauh. 628 italicum Mill. - 629 jap6nicum Thunb. 631 lanceolhtum Lamb. 630 Catifblium Vitm. 631 IQcidum Ait. - - 630 floribdnd. Donald. 630 nepalense Wall. - 630 nepalense - - 1 116 spicitum Ham. 630 glabrum Hook. 630 vestitum Wall. - 1116 vulgire Trag. 628 angustifftlium 629 chloroc^rpum 629 leucocarpum - 629 sempervfrens 629 variegatum 629 xanthocarpum 629 Lildceum Renault 637 rofhomag&nse Ren. 637 lUacnSutt. - 565 frondbsa 'Nutt. 567 marginSta Don - 565 rClbra Lodd. 566 mariana D. Don 566 oblonga Svrt 566 multiflbra Wats. - 667 paniculSta Nutt 567 racembsa Z). Don - 566 rlgida itfwW. - - 665 salicit?)lia Wats. 567 Macartney Rose - 323 MaciaraA^M«. 711 aurantlaca A^ttW. - 711 Macrothyrsus Spnch 134 discolor Spach 134 Madeira Holly - 161 MagnoliSces - 21. 1111 Magnbliai. - 21. Ill i acuminiita L. - 29 Cand611i Savi 2? latifblia - T') maxima Lodd. - 29 striata - - 29 auriculdris Salisb. 31 auriculata Lam. 31 pyramidata 31 conspicua Salisb. - 33 Soulangeana 83 Alexandrlna 33 specibsa - 33 cordata Mx. - 30 discolor Vent. 35 denuddta Lam. 35 frondbsa Salisb. 27 Frdseri Walt. 31 glaiica L. - 25 Burchelllana 26 Cardbnii - 26 Gordoniana - 26 longifblia Pursh 26 sempervlrens Hort. 25 ThompsoniinarA;). 25 grandiflbra X. - 22 angustif blia Hort. 23 elliptica Ait. - 23 exoniensis Hort. 23 exoniensis var. - 23 ferruginea Hort. 23 floribtinda - - 23 fbliis-variegatis 23 Harwicus Hort. 1111 lanceoldta Ait. - 23 latifblia - - 23 longifblia unduHta 23 magord^ngis 23 obovita Ait. 22 prse^cox Andry - 23 rotundifblla ^wt. 23 rubiginbsa - - 23 slricta Hort. 23 tripgtala L. 27 umbrilla Lam. - 2? vSra - - - 23 Kbbus Dec. - - 35 macrophjlla Mx. - 28 Michalixii Ilort. - 28 obovhta Thunb. - 35 precia Correa - 33 purpilrea Sims . 35 denud^ta Lam. 35 discolor Vent. - 35 gracilis - 35 hfbridA Hort. - 1111 liliflbra Lam. 35 pyratniddta Bartr. 31 Soulangedn a An. Sv/. 33 tomentosa Thun. - 35 Y&lan Desf. - 33 Mahbnia.NM«. 50. 1111 acanthifblia - 53 angustifblia ~ - 1112 Aquifblium Nutt, 51 nutkSna Dec. - 51 caraganffifblia 53 fascicuiSris Dec. - 50 glumdcea Dec. 52 gracilis - - nil Hartw6gii - - 1112 lanccoldtum ~ - 1112 nepalensis - 53 uervbsa Nutt. - 52 pSHida - - - nil r6pens G.Don 52 fascicuUris - 52 ten uif blia - - 53 tragacanthdldes 53 trifoliata - - mi Malachod^ndrou C. 71 ovStum Cav. . 71 M&lus Mcrat - 426 acirba Merat 426 3152 GENERAL INDEX. Page 427 427 426 429 427 426 astracdnica Dum baccdta Desf. cummitnis Dec. coron^ria Mill. dioica MUnch hpbrida Desf. Tnici'ocarpa Raf. - 414 parvifhliaWort.SiOc. 414 sempervi reits Desf. 430 sinensis Dum. - 431 spectdbilis Ait. 431 torrtenibsaDmxi . 449 Malvaceffi - 62 Manna Ash 657 Maple - 79 Mastic Tree 186 May - - 375 Mdytenus Dec. 155 ckilensis Dec. 155 Medlar - - 414 MemBcylum Mx. 580 Menisperm^ceee 39 Wenispermum L. - 39 canadense a Lam. 40 canadSnse (3 Lam. 40 canadenseX. 40 lobStum Dec. - 40 smil^cinum - 40 cnrolinum L. 46 daClricum Dec- 40 smildcinum Dec. - 40 virginicum. L. 40 Menzi^sia Sm. 600 bi-y&ntka Swz. 571 ■cccrklea Swz. 571 Dahce^cia Dec. 572 empetriformis Ph. 572 empeirtfdj'mis Sm. 571 ferruglnea 5m. 601 globul^ris Salisb. - 601 piffisa Pers. - 601 poiifblia Juss. P72 Smithii Mx. 601 mrceoldris Sal. 601 Merdtia Nees 455 Jrd.grans Nees - 455 Merries - - - 277 Mespilusi. - 414 ucerifUia Poir. 367 acm?undta Lodd. - 409 tBstivdlis Walt. 353 affinis D . Don 408 Amelanchier L. 412 Ameldnchier "W. 413 arhhrea Mx. 412 arhulifblia Schm. 446 ..4 Via Scop. 432 Arbnia Willd. 370 aucuphria All. 439 axillhris Pers. 383 AzarUvs All. - 308 bengalejisis Roxb. 405 calpod4ndro7i Ehrh. 356 canadensis L. Sp. 412 war. - - 412 ovd.lis Mx. - 413 roitindifblia Mx. 413 capitd,ta Lodd. - 447 CeUihna Dum. - 372 Ckam^m^spiltcs'L. S. 449 coccinea Mill. - 353 constantinopoliidna 354 cordhta Mill. - 367 corniJbUa Poir. 356 Cotoneasier L. 406 Criis-gdUl Poir. 358 cuneijblia Ehrh. - 354 cuneifblia Mcench 358 Cwi/e Hort. - - 409 eriocdrpa Dec. 406 florib'&nda Lodd. - 447 germSnica L. diflTilsa J)ec. etricta Dec. sylvestris Afi'W. £*and{flbra Sm. 415 416 416 416 416 Page hyemdlis Walt. - 358 2W^g"e7'?7'7n(iHam. 23.408 laiijUia Lam. - 356 lincdris Desf. 360 lobdta Poir . - 365 /o6^/rtPoir. - 410 lilcida Dum, 359 /iicirfrt Ehrh. - 358 melanocdrpa Fisch. 4(i6 MickaHxii Pers. - 364 niJwflDum. - 3(i0 nigra Willd. 362 orientdlis Tourn. - 371 Oxyacdntka Gsertn. 375 Oxyacdniha integrij. 379 --' ■ 383 367 372 361 447 446 355 385 356 354 416 444 354 372 405 383 406 383' 687 - 898 991. 1000 - 2'i6 137 - 160 parvifblia Wats. Ph(Bn6pyrum L. pinndta Dum. prunifblia Poir. - piibens Lodd. p&tnila Lodd. punctata Lk. Pyracdntha L. pyrijblia Lk. rotundifblia Ehrh. Smithii Dec. sorbi/dlia Bosc snccutenia B. tanaceii/blia Poir. tincibria D. Don - tonientbsa Poir. tomentbsa Willd. - xanthocdrpos L.fil. Mezereon Mexican Oaks Mexican Pines Milk Vetch - Miller's Grape Minorca Holly Missouri Silver Tree 697 Silver Leaf ■ Mistletoe Mocker Nut Mock Oran-ge - Mon oc h lam Jdeas Moonseed Morr^nia odoriita Lindl. M5rus Tourn. alba L. colilmbSssa L. italica Hort. latifblia Hort. macrophJUa membraniicea L. Morettidna Hort. Biulticaiilis Per. ndna Hort. nervbsa Lodd. ovalijblia - pQmila Nois ? romana Lodd. r&sea Hort. sinensis Hort. bullata Balbis Candida Dod. canadensis Poir. chinSnsis Lodd. hispdnica Hort. itdlica Lodd. nervbsa Bon Jard. nigra Poir. - laciniata Mill, papyrifera 700 508 738 460 675 39 1117 1117 706 707 708 708 707 707 708 707 707 708 707 707 708 707 708 708 707 707 7)0 708 707 708 707 706 706 710 pennsylvdnica Nois. 709 riibra L. sciibra scdbra Willd Seba Kfcmpf, sinensis Hort. subdlba nervbsa H. tat£rica Pall. taidrica Desf. virginica Pluk. Moss Rose Mountain Ash Mulberry Tree Mutisia Cav. arachnoidea Mart. ilicifdlia in flex a latifblia D. Don lineari'f61ia - runcinSta sub8pin6sa MygSnda Jacq. myrtifftlia Nutt. Myricaceffi My'rica L. cerifera L. - angustifblia Ait. latifblia Ait. raedzaMichx. - sempervlrens H. carolinchisis Willd. Gale L - spathulSta Mirb. irifolidta Hort. Myricaria Desv. germanica Desv. dahilrica Dec. Myrobalan Plum - Myrtle of Australia Myrtus Catesb. brabantica Catesb. brabdntica Ger. - brabantica Pluk Ndtrix Mcench Pace 705 551 552 552 552 552 652 552 552 156 156 934 934 935 935 935 935 935 935 934 936 J91 459 459 459 274 910 rotundifblia Mcench 229 Nectarine Tree Negundo Mcench accrbides Mcench - amtricdnum Kafin. anguldtum Mcench californicum T.&G. fraxinifblium Nutt. crispum G. Don violaceum Booth Nemopanthes Rafin. canadensis Dec. - fasciculdris Rafin. Nepaul Oaks - Nettle Tree Nicker Tree Nightshade Nintoba Swt. - confiisa Swt. japdnica Swt. longifibra Swt. Nitrari^cesE Nitr^ria L. cd&pica Pall. Schoberi L. - caspica siblrica Pall. tridentata De^if. Noisette Rose I^^orway Maple Norway Spruce Nuttallia cerasiformis Tor. - NJssa-L. angulzzans Mich. - anguldsa Poir. a^udtica Lin. bifl6ra Michx. c^ndicans Mx. cnpitdta Walt. carolinidna L. 693 coccinea Bart. 694 denticuldta Ait. 694 grandident^ta 694 integrijblia Ait. 693 tnontdna Hort. 694 multiflbra Wang. - 694 pedHnculis un{flbris 693 pedHnculis mvUifib. 694 sylvdiica Mich. - 693 towenidsa Mich. 694 unijtbra Wang. 694 villdsa Mx. - 693 Oak - 846 267 122 122 122 40 122 122 122 122 154 155 155 891 727 255 663 533 533 534 534 468 468 468 468 468 468 468 342 83 1026 1115 1115 693 694 694 693 693 694 CEnSplia Schult, voliibilis Schult. Old Man Ole^cese - Ole^ceae Olelnese - OMea - americana L. Oleaster Ononis L. frutic6sa L. - microphyllaDec. latifblia Ass. rotundifblia i- tribracteata Dec. - O'pulus Ait. - americana Ait. gtandulbsa Moen. - Orach 6 - - - Orchidocdrpvm Mx. arieimuw. Mx, Orebphila Nutt. myrtifblia Nutt. O'rnus Pers. - O'rnus Trag. - americiina P. europae''a Pers. floribunda G. D. - rotundifblia - striata - Osage Orange Osier - _ - O'strya Bauh. O'strya Willd. carpinifhlia Scop, itdlica Michx. virginica W. vulgaris Willd. Osyris L. aJbaX. - Oxpcedrus Dod. lytia Dod. plieenicea Dod. Oxyc6ccus Pers. hispidulus Pers. europcE^us Nutt. - macrocarpus P-ur. erectus Pursh - fbliis variegatis - paMstris Pers. vulgdris Pursh Pddm Mill. - carolinidna Mill. - racembsa Hort. PffioniaceEB Pjebnia L. arbbrea Don Moiitan Sims Banksii B. R. - papaveracea .ff. R. svjffiuticbsa B. R, - Palidrus L. ~ aculeatus Lam. austrdlis G»rtn. - petasus Dum. C. - virgatus Don vulgdris 1). Don - Palldsia Lin. - caspica Lin. - Pterocdccus Pall. - Palm Willow - Paper Mulberry Park Leaves - Passerina Schrad. - Tdrton-raira Sch Thymelx'^a Dec. villdsa Lin. - P.iuWwnia Sieh. imperialis Sieb. PJtvia Boerh. - dlba Poir. calif6rnica T. §• Gr. 134 discolor Swt. - 133 ediilis Poit. 133 flavaDec. - ].30 hitmilis G. Don - 129 Page 170 170 550 1116 628 628 635 635- 69il 221 22y 229 229 229 524 524 522 676 38 38 156 156 651 917 651 651 653 652 653 711 - 772 017. 920 919 920 920 920 920 695 695 - 1087 - 1087 - 1083 616 581 616 616 617 617 616 616 296 296 290 18 18 18 18 19 18 18 168 168 168 16S 168 680 680 680 776 710 78 689 689 689 690 671 671 128 133 GENERAL INDEX. 1153 tatea Poir. - - lao Lybnii H. S. Gni\ 134 macrocarpa Hort. 132 macrost^chya Lot's. 133 neglecta G.Don - 131 neglicta Lindl. 131 parvijibra Hort. 129 rClbra Z-am. - 128 argata G. Don - 129 hilmilis - - 129 sublacini^ta Wats. 129 Pearl Tree - 265 Pear - 417 Pecane Nut 736 Perado - - - 161 Pericl^emim Mill. 531 amertc&nmn Mill. 531 gennanicuTn Mill. 527 germdmcum Riv. - 527 hortejise Gesn. 527 perfolidttem Ger, - 5:28 sempej-vireTis Mill. 531 virginiacum Riv. - 532 Periploca L. - 659 augustif()lia Lab. - 659 grse'ca L. - 659 Isvigdta Vahl - 659 maculdta Mcench 659 rigtda Viv. - 659 Periwinkle - - 657 Pernettya Gau. 578. 1116 anpustif6lia Lindl. 1116 Cummingii Lod. - 579 microphylla Gaud. 579 muci-on^ta Gatid. - 578 Cummingii - 579 phillyre^fblia Hor. U16 pildsa G. Don 579 pOroiia Gaud. - 579 Pirsea Spreng. - 683 Bm'bbnia Spreng. 683 Sassafras Spreng. 683 Persian Lilac - - 637 P^rsica Tourn. - 265 lae'vis Dec. - 267 vulgiris Mill. 266 felba Lindl. ~ 266 compressa Hort 266 fl. pl6no Hort. - 266 flu. varieg^ti3 H. 266 Pernimon - - 626 Pervinca Scop. 657 minor Scop. - 657 vulgaris Park. 657 Petty Whin - 207 Ph^us Dalech. 853 E'scuhis Dalech. - 853 Pbaleroc^rpus G. D. 581 serpyllifblius G. J). 581 Phaseoleffi - - 248 Phaseoloides H. Angl. 249 Phillodrys Mat. - 880 Philadelphacea3 460. 1115 Philadglphusi. 460. 1115 corontrlua L. 460 fl.pieno L. C. - 461 n^nus Mill. Diet. 461 variegitus L. C. 461 vulgaris Sch. - 461 corymbdsus Wall. 466 floribtindus Schr. - 463 Gordonianus Lindl. 463 gracilis L. C. - 464 grandifl5rus - 464 grandiflhrits - - 463 grandiflbrus Lindl. 462 frandijibrus idxus 463 irsiitus Nutt. 464 hitmilis Hort. 464 inodbrus X. - 461 inoddrus Hort. 464 latifblius Sch. - 462 Idxus L. C. - - 464 Idxus of some - 461 laxus Schrad. - 464 mexicdnus ScAr. 465 meifdc^nus ^£»^A. 1115 , Paffc nepal^nsts L. C. 465 pnbescens Cels. 462 pubescnts L. C. 404 sppcibsus Schrad. - 463 stain'tTieus W. 466 tomentdsus Jf'a/Z. 465 trifldrus Royle - 46,') verrucdsus A'cAr. - 462 viltdsus L. C. 464 Zejheri ScAr. 461 Phillyrea 2". - 631 angustifaiia i. 632 brachiata ^i/. 632 lanceolAta ,-/'A - 632 rosmarinifblia AiL 632 itiaifdlia WiUd. - 633 fohucea Lk. - 633 te ws Ten. - 632 lati»liai. - - 633 latifbUa Mill. Diet . 633 /Jgasfri/a/ja Poll. 632 media Lapeyr. 632 serraia Poll. - 633 serrdta Ten. 633 spjjidsa Seg. 633 spiTtdsa W. 633 thngifblia Lk. 633 ligustrifislia ylrt. - 632 Ugmtrifdlia Mill. D 632 midia i. - - 632 buxiftlia /Irt. 632 virgata ^tV. 632 /nerfm Ten. Fl. 632 obl'iqua Ten. 632 oleaeRilia ^rt. 633 pendula Wrt. 652 racemdsa Lk. 633 spinbsa Ten. 633 tiwa acerba Dec. 426 A\Jira^ Gaartn. 417 a!nif61ia imd/. - 449 Amelunckier Willd. 412 america^na Dec. - 438 americSna Dec. - 440 atnygdalifdrmis J^it. 422 angasLifblia Ait. 430 apet.da Munch. 4'J7 ai-biitit'61ia L. fit. ~ 4-16 iutermdcUa Lindl. 446 pilraiia - - 446 serotina Lindl. - 446 AVia Ehrh. - 432 acuminata Hort. 433 acutif 61ia Dec. - 433 angustif 51ia Lind. 433 bullata Lindl. - 43.J cretica Lindl. 433 edUlis Hort. - 433 longi/dlia Hort. 433 obtusifblia Dec. 433 ow^/i'i Hort. - 433 rotundiydlia'RoTt. 433 rugdsa Lindl. - 433 undul^ta Lindl. 433 astracamca Dec. - 427 aucuparia Girrtn. -139 fastigiata - - 439 I bliis variegitis - 439 fmctalQteo - 439 auriculdi-is Knoop 4i^ auriculata Dec. - 438 Azarblus Scop. 368 baccata i. - - 427 bollwylleriana Dec. 423 hoU.wnlUrid.na J.B. 423 Botrydpium L. fil. 412 canadensis Hort. - 440 Chamaemespilus L. 449 communis Lois. 442 communis L. 417 A'chras fKa^r. - 418 fl6repl^no - 418 f bliis varieg^tis - 418 frtictu variegate 418 j&spida - - 418 Pyraster Wallr. 418 sanguinolenta - 418 hatlvaDec. 418 si/lvesiris - 426 2oronariai. 420 corondria Wang - 430 crendla D. Don 43ft Cycibnia Lin. Sp. - 450 depresBa L. - 448 dioica W. - - A'll domSsizca Sm.inE.B.442 edUlis Willd. - 435 elceagnifblia A.R. 422 elcBagnijUia Pall. 422 floribunda L. 447 foliolbsa Wall. - 445 slaadulbsa Moench 354 grandifblia 7:. - 448 hetefoph^lla 5. - 1115 hircina Wall. 445 h^brida Mcench - 444 h^brida lanuginosa 443 SDdica Colebr. - 425 integrifhlia Wall. 405 intermedia Ehrh. - 434 angustifdlia - 435 iatifblia - 434 japonica Thiinb. - 4.50 lanuginSsa Dec. 443 MMus L. - 425 Mdtus Sm.E.B. - 426 aristera Wallr. - 426 h6brida Ait. 426 7K^//5 Wallr. - 425 si//vhtris Fl. Dan. 426 melanocarpa W. 447 Pape subpubescens i. 447 Michauxii^osc. - 425 microc&rpa Dec. 441 nepaUnsis Hort. 435 nivalis Lin.Jil. 421 Niissia Ham. ^ 407 ovdlis Willd. 413 orientdlis Horn. 422 Pnshia Ham. 4*24 pBrsica Pers 421 pinnatSfldii Ehrh. 438 arbuscula Dec. 439 lanuginbsa 438 pendula - 439 Pollveria L. Mant. 423 pabens L. - - 448 pitmila Hort. - 430 prunifblia W. 426 Pyraster Ray 417 rivul^ris Doug 4:?7 rubiciinda Hoffm. 449 salicifbliai.- 429 salicifolia Lois. 422 salviiblia Dec. - 421 sanibucifblia Cbam. 444 sansulnea Ph. - 413 Sch6ttii Led. 432 Sieversii Led. 432 nbv. sp. Sievers - 432 Sindi Desf. - - 421 sinaica Thouin 421 sinensis Lindl. 422 sinensis Foir. 450 sinica Royle - - 422 Sorbus Gccrtn. - 442 maliformis Lod. 442 pyriformis Lodd. 442 spectabilis Ait. - 431 spilria Dec. ~ 444 pendula Hort. - 445 samhucifblia H, B. 445 stipulacea Hort. - 432 sylvistris Dod. 417 sylvistris Magool - 422 tomentbsa Dec. 449 torminalis Ehrh. 436 trilobata Dec. - 437 variolbsa Wall. - 424 vestita Wall. - 435 Quercusi. - 849. 1117 acwmindta Hort. - 888 acuta Thunb. 893 acutifblia Willd. 904 acuiijtilia lUees - 1U7 ffigiiopifblia Pers. 889 eEgilopiJblia WiZld. 889 .Sl'gilops i. - - 860 latifblia Hoit. 860 pendula Hort. 860 asrifolin Willd. 879 A'lamo 5en/A - 904 £lba i. - - 862 paliistris Mickx. 862 pinnatifida Mx. - 862 pinnat'tfida Walt. 862 repanda Mx. - 862 virginidna Park. 862 ambigua Humb. 903 ambigua Willd. 870 americdnu Pluk. - 871 angustata .^^. 894 annuiata Sm, 888 apennina L. - 854 aquatica Lod. - 874 aqudtica Sm.&Ab. 875 aqu&tica Sol. 875 elongdta Ait. - 875 maritiina Michx. fc76 A'rcula Ham. - 891 armdta Kox. 915 £spera 5o.«(; ^89 ausirlaca Willd, 856 austrdlis Cook 851 austrdlis Link - 852 Ballbta Des. 882 Bnnisferi Lod. 871 Banisleri Michx. - 876 4e Sflffja Ham. - 888 barbinervis Benih. 904 6ico/or Willd, - 868 b&redlis Mx. - - 870 Brantii Lindl. 891 3r6ssa Bosc - 889 burgundiaca Bauh. 854 calycina Poir. - 889 candicans Willd. 904 cariensis Willd. 890 Castdnea Willd. 867 castaneiRilia iVfej'. 890 castanicdrpa Rox. 915 Catesbjfin TFrt/d. - 873 Catungca Ham. 915 C^7-m Hort. - 856 Cirris Oliv. - 855 Cerris Z-. - - 854 c^na major io(/. 857 cana minor iod. 857 austrlaci - - 856 dentdta Wats. 858 frondbsa Mill. 855 fuliiamensis 858 heteroph^ila 859 laciniata - 8.56 latifblia Hort. 8-^9 Lucombeana 859 crispa 8-59 dentJita - 859 incisa - 859 suberbsa 859 pendula Neill 856 Ragnal - 857 variegata Lod. - 856 vulgaris - 855 chinensis Bung. - 893 Chinquapin Pursh 867 chrvsnphJllaHMJnfi. 902 cinerea Willd. - 877 circinaU iVilld. 904 coccifera L. - 883 cocci/era - - 879 coccinea Willd. 869 concentrica X^our. 893 confertifiJlia Humb. 904 conglomtrdta Pers. 854 costata Bl. - - 895 crassifblia Humb. - 903 crassipes Humb. 901 aDgustifbliaif. - 901 crinita - - 854, 855 y Cerris Lin. - 856 cunedta Wang. 870 cuspidJita Thunb. -. 893 daphndidea Bl. 897 dentdta Bart. 875 dentata Thunb. 893 depressa Humb. 903 dUcolor Ait. - 870 discolor Willd. 871 diversifblia W^i7Zd.- 904 dysoph^lla Benlh. 904 glegans .5/. - - 896 elliptica Willd. 904 elongdta Willd. 870 E'sculus L. - 853 exoniensis Lod. 859 expansa Po?'r. 889 fm'mina Roth 849 faginea Lam. 889 falcata ^/jcAj. 870 falkcnberg&nsis B. 852 fastigidla Lam. 849 Fenn&ssi Hort. 851 /erojr Rox. - 915 ferrng/nea Mx. 874 filiciiblia Hort, 851 Fontanhsii Guss. - 885 gpmellillbra i?;, 898 glaberrima Bl. 896 glabra 7'Aw7i6. - 893 - glabrescens lienth. 904 gkf&ca Thunb. - 888 gladca Thunb. - 893 glaucescens Humb. 899 Graindntia 882 2 Pane grandifblia Don 892 Haliphlce^os Bosc - 855 Halipklce^os Juss. 854 Hartw§gi ^cti/A. 904 Hemeris Dalech. - 849 hemisphes'rica Br. 886 hemisphce'rica W. 875 heteroph^Ua JV/jt. - 879 hispdnicn Lam. - 889 hiltnilis Hc.rt 886 bamilisidm- 889 hUmilis Walt. 877 hybrida Hort. 885 Ugbrida Lod. 880 hybrida nana 886 iberica 5^ey. - 896 riex L. 880 Ballbta - - 1117 crispa Lod. 880 fagifblia Lod. - 880 integrifblia Lod. 880 latifblia iod. - 880 longifblia iod, - 880 maryldndica Ray 870 obldnga Hort. - .ssi) salicifblia - - 880 serratifblia iod. 880 variegata Hort. - 880 ilicifblia f^. - - 876 imbricata Ham. 892 imbricata Willd. 879 incdna Royle 888 indilta Bl. " - 89:^ infectbria Oliv. - 890 Kamrobpii D. Don 888 lacinidta Lod. - 851 lamellbsa Sm. 89-i lanata Sm. 8.s?< lanceolata Humb. 901 lancifolia CAa???. 904 lanSta - - - 1117 lanuginosa D. Don 888 latifolia Hort. - 879 lalifoliainds ^iiMHti. 851 lauriiblia W. 878 hjbrida jUt. 878 laurina Humb. 900 Libani Oliv. - 890 lineata i?/. - 898 lobata Willd. - 904 Lucombedna Swt. 859 crispa Hort 859 dentdta Hort. 859 heterophylla 859 incisa Hort. 859 suberbsa Hort. - ■srj'.i lusitanica Xojm. 889 mtea ^F;7id. - 904 lyrata W^nft.- 865 lyrdta Lod. - 870 macrocarpa ?^. - 864 macrophyila Willd. 904 magnoliffifblia W. 904 mannitera id/. 854. 890 maritima Willd. - 878 marylf'indica Ray - 874 mexicana Humb. - 901 microphylia Willd. 904 Mickadxii Nutt. - 8G8 moliiCca^B^. - 898 mongolica Fisch. - 89a_ mong6lica Lindl. - 851 ijwntdna Lod. 871 montdna Willd. 866 mucronSta Willd. - 904 niyrtil'blia Willd. ~ 887 ndna Hort. 886 «^na Willd.- 875 nepalensis - - 1117 nigra Thore- 85o nigra Willd. 875 nigra i. - - 874 maritima Mx. 875 nana - - _ 875 oblongata D. Don 888 obovdta Bung. - 893 obtecta Poir. - 890 1156 GENJiRAL INDEX. obtusita HuTitb. P»Re 899 pubescens - 852 lanceolitus Pursh ' 178 | thyrsiflbrum 3. R. .594 oblus&ta Ait. 878 stssilis Ehrh. 851 latifSlius L'Hirit. 177 officinale Salisb. 687 obtusifdlia Don - 892 sideroxyla Humb. - 900 laurifblius 'Null - 178 polifhlium Scop. 661 obtiisiloba Mx. 86.5 Sklnneri Benth. 1117 longifilius Mill. D. 173 p6nticum L. 684 olivEefurmis - 864 spic^ta Humb. 902 lycidldesi. - - 174 azalebldes - - 684 oricnthlis Tourn. - 860 spic^ta Sm. - 891 lycwidrs Pall. Fl. R. 174 Mgrans Chandler 685 latifblia Tourn. 856 spiendens Willd. 904 LQcium Scop. - 173 Lbwii G. M. - 584 p&Uida Bl. - 895 squam&ta Rox. 891 oleifblius Hoot. - 178 macroph^llufn Lo. 6s6 paliisLris Marsh palustris WiUd. 862 stellctta Willd. 865 Palikrus h. - - 168 myrtil'blium Lod. HK4 872 stipularis Hujnb. - 902 parvif51ius Tor.^G.n& obtilsum Wats. - 584 pandurata Hurnb. - 899 stolonife7-a Lapeyr 853 persicifblius Bert. 178 Smtthii Suit. 584- pann6nica Booth - 1118 Si>ber L. - 884 pentaph^llus Jacq. 622 subdeciduum 584 penchda Led. 849 angustifblium 884 prunit61ius Sm. - 178 punctatum Andr. - 688 peduncuWta Willd 849 dentktum - 884 prunif blius .Soo^/i 1113 majus ICer- 688 fastigiata - 849 latifdlium - 884 pubescens Sibth. • 178 minus Wats. - 588 Rlils variegatis - 861 Bund^ica Blume 893 pilmilus L. - 176 Purshianus Dec. - 178 purpilreum G Don 586 heteroph^lla 861 TaHzin Pers. 8,53 Purshii G. Bon 686 pendula 849 tinctiria Bart. 871 rotundijblius Dum. 171 Rhodbra G. Bon ■ ,598 pubescens Lod. - 849 tinctbria WilUl. - 871 rupestris Scop. Carn. 176 setbsum D. Don 589 purpilrea - petiolaris Benth. 851 angulSsa Michx. 871 sax4tilis L. - - 173 specibsum Bon 597 904 sjnubsa Michx. - 872 sempervirens Hort. 172 viscbsum Torr. •595 Ph'cllos Sin. - 877 tomentbsa Dec. 853 Sibthorpilnus Schul. 178 orn^tura Swt. 596 Phellos i. - 87e . 886 toment6.'a WiUd. - 904 slculus L. Syst. - 622 Rhodbres 683 cine yens Ait. - 877 Tbsa Bosc - 8.53 texensis Tor. ^ Gr. 178 Bhadbra Lin. Sp. 698 cinereus - 877 TournefdrtiiYnWi 855 tinctbrius Watdst. 173 canadensis L. Sp. 698 hilmilis Pwsh - 877 tribuloidrs Sm. 915 ulmoides Guldens. 726 RhtSs L.- - - 180 latifftlius Lodd. - 877 trldens Humb. 904 umbellatus Cav. - 178 aromdticum Ait. - 191 maritimus Mr. - 878 triloba Willd. 870 volUilis L. fll. 170 cacodiTidron Ehrh 145 piimdis Mx. 877 turbinata Bl. 898 ViiAYms Jacq. - 1113 canadensis Marsh. 191 sericeus - 877 Turneri Willd. 885 Zixyphus L. 167 carolinidnum Mill 188 sylvSticus Mz. 877 uligindsa Wangh. 876 Rhododendron L. - 683 copalllna L. - 190 PImlBta Ham. 888 urceolaris Hook. 898 anthopbgon '•Don - 590 arborescens T. 698 leucantha Jacq. 190 placentana BL 896 velutina Lam. 871 Coriarlai. - 189 platycirpa SI. 896 velutina Lindl. 892 arbbreum Sm. - .590 Cotinus L. - 187 platyphgUos Dal. - 851 viminalis Bosc 889 ventistum D. Bon 590 divcrsiloba Tor. 192 prasina Pcrs. 889 virens Ait. - 886 aromdticum Wall. 590 eiegans Ait. - 188 prmbiiits Willd. 867 virginidna Plult. - 871 azaiebidcs Desf. 584 glAbra WiUd. Sp, 188 PriTms Lin. - 866 virginidna Ptuk. - 876 bicolor D. Don - 694 glabra L. 188 Pr'tnus Sm. - 866 xalapensis Humb. 898 calendulaceum Torr. 596 cocclnea 188 Prinus L. - 866 Quic/ten Tree 439 fulgidum Hook. 696 dioSca 188 acuminata Mx. - 807 amckset- 375 lepidum Rot. R. 595 hermaphrodlta - 188 Chinquapin Mx. discolor Mx. 867 Quince - 450 Morterii Swi. - 595 hypsetodendron M. 145 868 Raisin Berberry ~ 49 carapanulJltum D. D. 689 lobdta Hook. 192 montlcola Mx. - 866 RaiiuncuUceEE 2. 1111 camtschiticum P. 591 laurina Nutt. 192 iiionticota Mich. 866 Raspberry 312 canescens G. Don 595 myrtijilia b^leica B. 934 pallistns Mx. - 866 Red Bay - 683 catawbiense Mx. - 586 obscitrum Bieb. 743 pdmila Mx. 867 Red Cedar 1084 Russelliilnum 687 piimila ilfj!. - 192 tomenttJsa Mx. - 868 Red Maple 91 tigrinum Hort. - 587 radicarts L. - 190 pruiuftsa Blume 894 Red Root 180 caucasicum Palt. - 587 sinense Ellis 145 pseildo-cocclfera - 883 Reslfiarrow - 229 Nobleinum Hort. .588 suaviolens Ait. 191 pseildo-molucca Bi 898 Uetanilta Brong. 179 pulcherrimura i. 587 st/lvestris Park. 934 PseUdo-Silber H. - 884 E'phedra Brong. - 179 stramineum Hook. 587 altera Dalech, 934 PseMo-Si^berZ). 885 Rhamnacea: - 167.1113 Chamjecistus L. - 592 Toxicodt^ndronL.- 190 Fontanfisii - 885 Rhamniis 170. 1113 chrysanthemum L. .587 microcarpon T.G 190 pubhcem Willd. 8.52 Alaternus L. 171 dallricum L.- - 591 quercifuliumr.G 190 pulchella Humb. - 902 angustif61ia 171 atrovirens Ker - 591 radlcans T S; G. 199 piimila Mx. - S77 balearica H. Par. 171 ferrugineum Andr. 588 vulgdre Mx. - 69 . 191 pyrairtidalis Hort. 849 fbliis arg&teis - 172 album Lodd. Cat. ,588 quercifblia Mx. 190 ]>yrenaica W. 853. 1118 atireis - 172 minus Pers. - 588 radicans Tor. - 190 racemdsa Jiooh. - 898 macuiatis 171 flavum a. Bon 592 microcdrpon M. 191 raccin()sa N. Du H. S49 hispanica H. Par alnif Wins L'mr. - 171 frdgrans Hort. 585 trilob^ta Nutt. - 192 Ildgnai Lod. 857 175 glaucum B. Bon - 696 trifoUdla L. Cat. - 191 refiotis Burn. 851 franguloldes Dec, 175 hirsOtum L. - 688 typhina L. - 187 rSgia Lindt. 891 alnifblius Pursh - 178 varieg^tum 589 arborescens 188 rep^inda Humb. 900 alpinus L. - 175 hispidum T. - - .597 frutescens - 188 reticulata Humb. - 902 grandif51ius 176 hybridum Lod. Cat. 585 viridiflbra - 183 Bbbur Lin. - 849 amygdalinus Besf. 178 lapp6nicum Wahl. 590 venenata Dec. 189 R6bur Willd. 851 burgundiacus H. P. 172 lepiddtum Wall. - 591 vBrnix Lin. Sp. - virginidna Bauh. - 189 lanugintisumljaxn 852 bnxifblius Poir. 173 macrophyllnm B. D. 689 188 viacrocarpum B. 852 burtfitius Brot. 173 maximum L. - 585 viridifldra Poir. - 188 sessile Mart. 851 califSrnicus Esch. 178 album Pursh 686 Ribes L. ' - 468. 1116 peduncul&tum M. 849 cardiospermvs Will 173 purpitreum Ph. 586 acerrimujn Roch. 479 rotund^ta Bl. 895 caroliniinus Watt. 176 minus Mx. - - 588 aeicuMre Sm. 472 rotuniiifolia Lam. 889 carpinijdlius Pall. 726 nltidum T. - 697 acuminatum W. 479 ribra L. - 868. 1118 cath&rticus L. 172 nudiflbrum Torr. - 592 qfhte Doug, albin^rvura Mx. - 482 taraxaciftJlia B. 1118 Cliisti Willd. 171 album D. Bon - ,593 479 rugbsa Willd. 904 croceus Null. 178 cirneum B. Don 593 atpinum Delarb. - 478 salicjjiilia Hort. 851 dahClricus PaU. 174 coccineum B. Bon ,593. alpinum Sievers alplnum i. - 475 salirifblia Willd. - 904 E'phedra Domb. 179 eximium B. Bon 694 477 semecarpifMia Sm. 893 Erythroxylon P. - 174 Goveni^num D. I). 593 bacciferum Wallr 478 setnjii'Tvirt'ns Ban. 886 angustissimumi>c. 174 | papilionliceum - 593 fbliis variegitis - 478 sericea Willd. 877 ferruglneus Null. 178 partltum B. Bon 593" pQmilum Lindl. 478 serr^ta Thunb. 893 FrSngula L. - 177 poly&ndrum Bon .593 sterile Wallr. - 477 sessiliflftra Sat. 851 angustif 51ia Hort 177 rbbrum Lod. B. C. 694 alt&icum Lod. Cat. 481 austr^lis - 852 franguldides Mx. - 175 ratilans B. Bon 593 americdnum Mill. 482 falkenbergtosis - 852 hf bridus L'HSr. 172 Seymofirl B. K. 594' ang^tum Dougl. - 486 macrocarpa 852 infectbrius L. 173 scintillans B. R. 594 arm&tum Hort, - 476 GENERAL INDEX. 1157 Page Jltro-purp^rcum M. 487 a6reiim CoUa 488 aUreum Ker 488 a^reum Ph. - 487 prs&'cox Lindl. - 487 sanguineitui Lind. 4S8 serotinum Lindl. 48'< villtJsum Bee. - 488 bractebsum Dougt. 483 campamdatum H. 482 canofienst- Lod. 482 carpathicum Kit. - 479 cereum Dougl. 485 Cyn6sbati i. 471 fhictu aculeSto - 471 fhictu gl^bro 471 Diac5ntha L.JU. 475 dioica Masters 477 dioica Moench 477 divaridltura D. 471 echindtum Doug. 476 ftrox Sm. - 475 flkvura Coll. - 4S8 Jidvum Berl. 488 floridura UHer. - 481 grandifl6rum H. 482 parviflbrum Hort. 482 frhgram L. B. Cab. 487 Juchsiotdes Dec. - 474 glaciile IValL 484 glandulbsum Ait. - 482 glanduidsum R. & P. 482 glutindsum Benth. 486 gracile Mr. - - ATi Grossularia L. - 473 Besserlkna Berl. 473 bracte^ta Berl. - 473 htmalay^na - 473 macrocarpa Dec. 473 reclina,ta Berl. - 473 . epinoslssima Berl. 473 subinermis Berl. 473 U'va-crlspa 5m. 473 heterdtrichum Me^. 483 hiTnatdyd,nus Royle 473 hirtellum Mx. - 472 hudsontanum Ricfi. 484 hybridum Bess. ■ 473 iu&brians hrndl. 485 irriguum Doug. 472 laciSstre Po/r. 476 oxyacanthoides - 476 laxif^rum Ph. - 482 lOTigifibruTTi Fraser 488 majus Hort. - 470 malvdceuTn Benth. 486 Meozi^sii Pli. - Alb microph^llaJf.^.A'. 475 miasouriBTisis Hort. 488 multiflbrum Kit. - 479 nigrum L. - - 480 b&cca flavida H. 481 bicca vXride Hort. 481 fBliis varieg. V. - 481 nigrum L. Sp. 481 niveum Lindl 470 orientile Pair. 475 orientdle Catros - 482 oxyacanthoides L. 469 palmMwm Desf. - 487 patmiituTn Desf. - 488 penTisylvanicum C. 482 pennsylvdnicum. - 481 petioldre Dougl. 484 petrae'um W. 478 polycarptm Gmel. 482 proctimbens Pall. 482 prostrStura i. 482 laxiflbrum - 482 punct4tum/2.|'i'. 482 reclin&tv/m L. Sp. 473 reclinhtUTn Hort. - ' 482 recwFV&tum Mx. - 481 resindsum Ph. 482 rigf7Z,s- Mx. - 482 rilbrum Lois. 477 rilbrum L. - - 477 Page felbura Desf. 477 carneum Berl. - 477 domestic. bdc.cam.Ali f61. albo varieg.D, 477 fol, lOteo varieg. 477 hortense Dec. - 477 sibiricum Oldaker 477 sylvfestre Dec. - All variegAtutn Dec. ATI sanguineum P. - 486 ^tro-rilbens /for/. 486 glutinbsum 486 malvdceum 486 saxatile Pall. 475 setbsum Lindl. 470 specibsvim Ph. 474 spicatuin R. - 478 spicdium Schultes 479 stamineum Horn. - 470 stamineuTn Sm. - 474 tatiricum Jaco. - 1116 tenuiflbrura LiTidl 488 frdctu Idteo - 488 fructu nigro - 488 triacanthum Menz. 474 triacdnthnm Menz. 474 trifidum Mx. - 479 triflbrum W. 470 trSste Pall. - - 481 IPva crispa CE. 472, 473 sat'tva Dec. - 473 sylvistris Berl, ■ 473 viscosissimum Ph. 484 viiifblium Hort. - 479 viilg&re N. Du H. 477 Ribesium Dill. 481 nigj-um, S[C. Dill. - 481 Roblnia L. - 233 AUa^dna Pall. 238 atnbtgua Poir. - 236 anguslifolia Hort. 234 Caragdna Lin. Sp. 237 Chamldgu L'H. - 241 dbbia Fouc. - - 236 echindta Mill, Diet. 236 ferox Pall. - - 240 Jrutescens L. Sp. 239 grandijldra Bieb. - 241 graTidtflbra Hort. - 237 ftutindsa Bot. Mag. 235 Talodendron L. fil. 242 hispida i. - - 236 macrophJUa Dec. 237 nana Dec. - 237 rbsea Pursh 237 hybrida Audib. - 236 inSrmis Dnm, Cou. 234 intermedia Soal,-B. 236 jtibdla Pall, - - 241 macracantha Lod. 240 ■microph^lla Pall. - 238 7M(5«« Bieb, - - 239 TTiontdjui Bartram 235 monidnu Bartr. - 236 Psebd-AcScia i - 233 amorphsfblia Lk, 234 crispa Dec. - 234 fibre lilteo Dum. 234 inermis Dec. - 234 latisiUqua Poir. 234 macroph^lIai.C. 234 microphyllai.C. 234 monstrbsa L. C. 234 p&ndula Ort - 234 procbra Lod. Cat. UZA sophorsBfolia Lk. 234 spectabilis Dtim. 234 stricta Lk. - 234 tortubsa Dec. - 234 umbracullfera D. 234 pygmc^a L. Sp. - 240 rhsea N. Du Ham 236 spinbsa L, Mant. - 240 spinosissima Laxm. 240 tomerUbsa Fisch. - 239 trdgacantkoides P. 240 , triflbra L'Herit. - 243 | viscbsa Vent. 235 Rock Rose - - 54 Rosacea 261. 1114 nbseie - - 321 Rbsa Tourn. - 321 aciphyUa Rau. ^^ agrestis Savl aa7 aiba L. - 336 alplna L. 328 alpina '/S Ait. - 326 gldbra Desv. 328 lajVis Ser. 328 kE\vis Red. 326 lEB'vis - - 328 specibsa Hort. - 328 vulgdris Red. 328 andegavensis Bat. 339 angwculdta Desf. 333 a}-v6nsis Schrank - 339 arvensis Huds. ■• 344 ayreshlrea 5w. - 345 hJbridaiinrf/..K. 345 atrovlrens Viv. - 346 balearica Desf. 346 Banksiae R. Br. - 34-9 Ibtea Tratt. 349 Banksidna Abel 349 6^;^/ca Brot. 334 be^ica Mill. - 332 bei-berifdlia Pall. - 352 bengalensis Pers. - 343 6i/tfra Poir. - 333 bijibra Krok. - 328 biserrdla Mer. 337 bldnda Brot. 334 blanda tx. Sol. - 326 Boi-reri Sm. E. Fl. 338 bractedta Dec. - 344 bracteSta frend/. - 323 flf.re plbno Hort. 323 scabncaulis Lindl. 323 brevislyla Dec. - 344 Brownii Sjpreng. - 34'7 Brunbnii Lindl. 347 cae^ia S»z. - - 340 calend&rum Munch. 332 campanulMa Ehrh. 335 canina Dec. - - 337 cajtlna Roth 340 canina X. - - 339 aciph^lla Lindl. 339 ccB^sia Lindl. R. 340 pub&scens Afz. 340 Carolina L. - 326 Carolina Ait. 325 carolinidna Mx. - 325 caryopkyllea Poir. 333 caucasica Pall. - 341 centi/dlia MilLBict. 334 centifblia L. - - 333 muscbsa 3/i7/. 334 pompbnia Dec. - 334 provincialis Mill. 333 c^r^a Rossig. - 338 cherokeensis Donn 349 chlorophplla Ehrh. 338 cinnamiimea j&£^/. 326 cinnambmea B. B. 327 cinnamnTnea Roth. 338 rubrijblia Red. - 340 collina Sm. - 344 colBna Woods 339 collincola Ehrh. - 327 corywhijera Gmel. 340 corymbbsa Bosc - 326 cymbsa Tratt. 350 damascbna Mill. 332 dahbrica Pall. 327 BicksoniSna L. 327 diffusa Roxb. 346 diversifblia Vent. - 343 dUbia Wibel - - 336 dumhlis Bechst, - 339 dumetbrum Thurl. 340 dwnetbrum E, Bot. 338 echindta Dupont - 322 EglantSria Lin. Sp. 338 \ Pagt Eglanteria Mill. - 337 fcecundissima Munc. 326 fcB'tida Herm, - 338 fbrox Lawr. 322 oitens Lindl. 322 fidva Don - 346 JlSrida Poir. - 346 Forsteri Sm.- 339 fraxinifblia .Sort, - 326 franqfurtensis Ros. 335 francofortidna Mx. 335 fraxinifdlia Dum. 325 frutetbrum 5^55. - 327 fUsca Mcench 344 gSllicaL. - - 334 glandulifera Roxb. 347 glalica Lois. - 339. 148 glaucescens Mer. - 339 glaucopkylta Eh.329.140 Elaucophylla Winch 340 glutinbsa Sm. - 339 grandiflbra Lindl. 329 STfl/Zeri Krok. - 344 helvetica Hall. - 337 hemisphis'rica Her. 329 kerperhodon Ehrh. 344 heteroph^lla Woods 336 hibernica Sm. - 331 hispida Curt. - 329 holosericea Rossig. 334 hhmilis Marsh. - 325 hi)brida Vill. 328 hystrix Lindl. 350 iberica Sm. - 339 indica L. - 341 iwdt'ca Red. - - 343 acumindta Red. 343 Blairii D. Don - 343 carophjfllea Red. 342 cruenta Red. - 342 flavescens - 343 frdgrans Red. - 342 Fraseriana Hort. 342 Lawrencedna Rd. 343 longlfblia iiTirfi. 342 Noisetti^na Ser. 342 nivea - - 342 purpurea Red. 342 Smithii - - 312 ochrolebca B. R. 343 odoratlssima Ldl. 342 pannbsa Red. - 342 pbmila ZtW^. 342 rbga Lindl. - 343 inh-mis Mill. Diet. 328 inodbra - - 338 involucrSta Roxb. - 324 involOta Sm. - 331 kamtBch&tica Vent. 322 kamtschatica Red. 322 Klbkii.5t'M. - 339 liBvigdta Mx. 349 lagendria Vill. - 328 Lawrenceana 5iif?. 343 leucantka Bieb. - 341 acutifblia Bast. - 340 Lindleyana Tratt. 324 Lindlfiyi Spreng. - 326 loneijblia Willd. 342 Ibcida^ArA. - 324 lUcida Jacq. - - 324 /j^ri'da Andr. - 340 mtea Brot. - 329 latea D. Don ~ 338 bicolor Jacq. 338 fl6re plbno - 338 Hoggii D. Don - 339 punicea Lindl. - 338 Bubri:ibra Red. ~ 338 lutgscens Pursh 329 macrophf Ua i. - 326 majSlis Retz - 327 m^dlis Herm, - 326 micr£ntha Sm. - 337 microcarpa Lindl. 350 microphylla Roxb, 323 >»^tfif Sm. - - 336 1158 GENERAL INDEX. molMsstTna Bork. - 336 monspeliaca Gouan 328 Montezilmffi Humb. 339 mosch^ta Mill- - 347 fibre ijlSno G. D. 347 nepalensis Lindl. 348 nivea Lindl. ~ 348 rbsea Ser. - 348 multifibra Reyn. 340 multiHftra Thunb. 346 Boursiulltii Hort. 347 Grevillei Hort. - 346 mUica Fl. Dan. 327 myriacSntha Dec- 330 myriifdlin Hall. - 337 mten's Mer. - 339 nStida W. - 325 nivalis Donn 331 nivna Dec. - 349 7iive{t Dupont 348 odorafissima Swt. 342 opsostemma Ehrh. 347 palHstrif; Buchan. 324 parvifbUa Fall. - 330 parviflbra Ehrh. - 325 fibre pleno Red. 326 pimpinellifblin Eb. 329 plniyvhylia Red. - 346 polydntkos Rossig. 333 pomifera Horm. - 336 pompbnia Red. 334 provtnc?'cili-i Bieb. - 330 provinci&lis Mill. - 333 punicea Mill. Diet. 338 rampans Reyn. - 344 R&pa Bosc - - 325 Red7i.iea rvjescens 325 rep-^ns Gmel. 344 revcrsa W. & K. - 330 Roxbiirghii Hort. - 346 rubella Sm. - - 331 rubicdiLdn Hall. fil. 340 rubifMia R. Br. 340 rubrifblia yUL 340 rubisinbsa L. ~ 337 nvcrantkaljd\.'R 337 MZOiYctra Ldl. Ros. 338 parvijibra Ross. 337 r&6j-« Ivam. - 334 liic/da Rossig. 324 rupeisio'is Crantz 328 Sabiui Woods 332 Sablni Lindl. 332 salic'/fpUa Hort. - 342 sanguisorbifbliaiJoM 329 sarmentacea Swt. 340 scdndens Mcench 344 scdndens Milt. Diet. 346 semperflbrens Curt. 343 carnea Hnss. - 341 miniw.a Sims - 343 se-mpej'vh-cTis Ross. 344 semp'-Tvlrens Z. 345 CiJlrei - . 346 globdsa Red. 346 scandens Dec. 346 RusselliSna 346 senticbsa .Achar, 339 sfepium Thuil. 337 sepium Borkh. 340 serlcea Lrndl. 344 sih-pens Ehrh. 344 simplidfbUa Sal. - 352 sinica Ait- - 349 sinica Lin. Syst. 341 solstitid,Us Bess. 340 spinosissiraa i. - 330 spinosusima Gorter 327 macrtyph^lla Ser. 329 myriacantha Ser. 330 sanguisorbifdUa 329 suavSolens Pursk 339 suavifblia Lightf. 337 su^vis W;7/rf. - 328 sulphtirea Ait. 329 sylvatica Gater. - 334 sylv6stris Hem. Dis. 344 Page sjstyla Bat. - - 344 ovata Lindl. Ros. 344 siylbsa Desv. - 344 taiirica Bieb. - 327 teneriffensis Donn 339 lernitta Poir. 349 tomentbsa Sm. 336 tomentbsa LindL - 336 iHfolidia Bosc - 349 turbin^ta Ait. - 335 francofurta.na Ser. 335 orbessSna Ser. - 335 tHrgida Pers. 325 usita'issijna Gat. - 336 vArians Pohl 333 villbsa Z. 336 villbsa Elirh. 336 virf^inidna Mill. 326 Wilsoni Bo?-r. 331 Woodsii ZmrfZ. 326 Rose - - 321 Rose Acacia 236 Rose Bay 584 iJose ttare - 346 Rose de Meaux 334 Rosemary - - 672 Rosa Ruga 343 Rose Willow - 747 RosTnarinum Cam. 603 sylv&stre Cam. 603 officinMis i. - 672 Rowan Tree - 439 RubiaceEe - 544 Riibus L. - 311. 1114 affinis W. §■ 'N. 312 bractebsus Ser. - 312 cae'sius L. - - 314 arvensis Wallr. 315 fbl. varieg. Hort. 315 grandifibrus S'^J-. 315 parvifblius Wallr. 315 carpinif blius W. §■ ^. 316 coLlmus Dec. - 312 cordifblius D. Don 319 corylifblius Sm. - 315 cknus Wallr. - 315 glandulbsus W.- 315 corylifblius Wahl. 311 del'icibsns Torrey - 319 diversif blias Lindl. 316 diver sijhlius Weih., 316 echindtus Lindl. ' 316 Jiageim-is Willd. - 317 frambcesidnus Lam. 313 fruticbsus L. - 316 fbl.'variegatis - 317 fl. rbseo-pldno B. 317 leucocarpus Ser. 317 pompbnius Ser. - 316 taliricus Hort. - 317 fusco-ater W. ^ ^. 316 glanduliisus Sm. - 316 glandulbsus Sprang. 315 ntspidus L. - - 317 idse'us L. - - 313 frUctu mgro Dill. 313 microphallus Wal. 313 japdnicics L. Mant. 298 Kb'hleri 1^. lia Sch. purpdrea L. - purpurea Koch - purpurea fi Koch - purpilrea var. Koch Furshi^na Bor. pyrenaica ijou. radlcans Smith ramifusca Forbes - reflexa Forbes re pens Lin. - ripens Hootc. repens Koch reticulata L. retilsa L. retusa Koch retisa With, rigida Mliht. - rrp&ria Willd. rivuliris F-^rb. rosmarinifdlia L. - ro^ituiri-nifblia G. rosmarinij^lia K. Pane 776 783 .771 782 772 772 T.M 76.0 773 734 772 772 747 747 760 7.59 766 776 787 787 7S6 785 763 778 784 771 771 776 747 773 773 Ti'6 786 760 766 754 768 754 754 7.54 765 781 784 783 779 778 778 779 778 786 783 749 773 773 749 764 787 785 785 757 781 767 735 769 746 746 747 747 761 771 783 783 765 767 767 767 769 787 787 7S7 764 771 778 766 771 706 Page a, Koch - 666 rotundata Irb. 779 rotundijulia Hort. 779 riibra Huds. - - 748 rhbra Koch 7-J8 rul'cns Schr. 760 rupfestris Djti 7U Russi-lliJin.i Svi. 760 Schteichcn^na 7rf2 sericea V.'Unrs - 770 serpylUfblia J acq. 787 serpyllifbiia Sco, - 7vS7 Smithiioa Willd.- 7T2 sordiilai^oi-/). 782 spaiiicea VUl, 77^ sphacelata Sm. Ill spailnildta Willd. - 768 spat/iuidtn Willd. - 76:) var. unduldta Mert. 7G9 stli)ularis S/m'lh - 772 strepida Forb. 782 Stuartiana S?n. 771 subalpina F. - 771 tenuifbliai.- 781 tciiuiJUia Eng". B. 781 ienu'/blia Sm. - 784 tenilior Bm'rer 782 tetrdndra Willd. 754 tetrapla Smith 783 tetraspiJrma E. 790 tinclbria Sm. 754 tridiidra Hoff. 752 tridiidra Vill. 752 trJdtidra L. - 751 gallica 752 Hoppeana - - 752 tiiandraaaduldta 752 irh'tis Lodd. - 765 ulniifblia Forbes 790 undulata Koch 749 ianceolata 5772. - 751 undul&tft Fo7'bes 751 UVa-iirsi Pursh 787 vacciinifblia W. 785 vaudi^nsis For. 778 venulbsa Smith 785 versicolor F. 769 versijblia Sering. - 7(>8 Villa'-siina FlUg. - 752 TillL)sa Forbes 790 viminSlis Vill. - 771 vimin^lis L. - ~ 772 violdcea Andr. 748 virescens Forbes - 7G5 virgata Forbes 765 viridis Fries 760 vitellina L. - 763 vulgaris Clayt. - 76S V/aldsteini^na W. 771 Weigeliana Bor. 7S3 Willdenoviana 773 Woolgariiina Bor. 747 "Wulfeniana Sm. - 783 Sallow - - ■ 773 Sallow Thorn 698 Salsbla Bieb. - 675 fruticfiaa Bieb. 675 fruticbsa Lin. 675 Salvia X. - G73 officinalis L. 673 Salt Trte - - 242 SaUzwL'dtlia'F\.Vfe\.t. 211 $ag}ttd.lisF\.y/ett. 211 Samarian Elm - 143 SambOcesB - 513. 1116 Sambucus Tuurn. - 513 aqudtica Bauh. 522 cannrlhisis L. 515 cervmi Tabern. 515 laci.7dd.la Mill. 514 ■ monslrhsa Hott. 514 mont&na Cam. 515 nigral-. - 513 fbl. argenteis 514 liiteis - 514 laciniata - 514 leucocdrpa 514 Pace monstrbsa - - 514 rotundifSlia - 514 virescens Dec. 514 pubiisctms ho. C. - 51G pdbens Mx. - - 51G heptaphylla^ooA. 516 racernbsa Hook. - 516 racembsa L, 516 laciniata Koch 515 Sanainiinda Bauh. - 689 glabra Bauh. - 689 Santal^ceai - 693 Santolina Tourn. - 548 ChamascyparlssusL. 549 rosmanniiiJUa i. - 549 squarrbsa W. 549 vindis W. - b4'd SapindSceoB - 134 Sapindush. 61. 135 cliiu&asis L. fil. 135 Sapotacea; - - 622 Sarothdmnus pdiejis 219 Sarsapariila - " - 1095 Sassalras G83 Savin - - 1085 SaxifrJlgea; - 492 Scampston Elm 723 Sehintis H. Rep. 193 dentdta R. Rep. 193 dependens Ort. 192 Scli7ndlzia Desv. 191 Schubirtia Mirb. - 1078 duticha Mirb. - 1078 Scdrpius Mcench 207 spindsus Mcench 207 Scotch Elm 720 Scotch Fir - 951 Scotch Laburnum - 215 Scotch Pine - 951 Scotch Rose ~ 330 Sea Buckthori} 698 Sea Grape - - 937 Sea Purslane - 676 Sea Ragwort - 551 Sendcio Less. 550 arborisccTis H. K. 547 Cineraria Dec. 551 S&seli Bauh. - - 495 fl?K. 1080 sin^nsf Nois. - 1078 pendHlum - - 1078 Tea-scented Rose 342 Tecoma Juss. 661 grandifibra Swt. 661 radicans Juss. 661 miljor Hort. 661 TenSria Spreng. 495 fruticbsa Spreng. - 495 Terebinthus Tourn. 185 vulgdris Tourn, - 185 Ternstromiacese - 71 Thermopsis D. Don 199 laburmjblia 'D.Don 199 Thorns - - _ 353 Thorny Acacia , 2.'i0 Thiljai. - - 1068 chilensis Lamb. - 1070 cupressciides L. - 1071 dolabrata L. - 1071 filiformis Lod. - 1071 occidentaiis L. - 1068 fbliis variegdtis - 1069 varieg^ta Marsh. 1069 orientalis L. - 1070 &tT\ctiL Hort. - 1070 tatSrica Lod. - 1070 pendula iawjA. - 1071 pensilis L. - - 1071 plicdtaDoM - - 1069 pi/ramiddlis Baum. 1079 GENERAL INDEX. 110[ Pag» sphtsrbiddlis Bich. 1074 tatarica Lod. - 1070 Theophrasti ^fiuh. 1068 Waredna Booth - 1070 Thymel^ceas 686.1117 ThymeLe^a Gron. V. 692 LauTeola Scop. - 688 Thyrsdnthus Elliot 249 frutisccns Elliot - 249 Tigdrea Ph. - - 297 tridenthta Ph. 297 TilJaceae - 63 TUiai. - - 63 filba W. 4- K. - 67 a/&a Mx. - - 69 americ&na Du Roi 67 amcricilna L. - 68 Slba - - - 69 heteroph;flla - 69 pubescens - - 69 argentea Desf. 67 argentea - - 67 aspifnifblia ndva H. 6.^ canadensis Mx. - 68 carolinidna "Wang. 68 cordllina H. K. - 66 corddta Mill. 64 cordifdlia Bess. - 64 corinthtaca Bosc - 66 corylif^lia - 67 europae'a L, - 63 europx^a 5m. 67 eurc^iS^a Desf. - 64 boredlis Viahl. - 63 grandifdlla 64 adrea - 66 intermedia - 65 laciniata - 65 parvif61ia - 6-1 afirea 66 rabra - 66 grandifblia Sm, - 67 grandifblia - - 64 grandifblia Sm.'E.Fl. 66 gldbra Vent, Dec. 68 TteterophuUa Vent. 69 intermdaia - - 67 intermedia Dec. - 63 intermedia Hayne 65 Ikte bracte^Lta - 67 laxiftdra Pursh 69 leptoph^lla Venl. - 71 micr^yphyUa Vent - 64 mutabiiis - 67 obliqua - - 67 parvifblia Stti. 67 parvifhlia Ehrh. 64 platyph^lla Scop. - 64 lacinidta Hort. - 65 mtnor H, - 65 prae'cox - 67 picbescens Ait, - 69 pyramid^lis - 67 rotundijdlia Vent, 67 sylvestris Desf, - 64 tenuifblia - - 67 tomentdsa Moench 67 ulmrfblia Scop, - 64 vitifdiia - 67 vulgdris Hayne - 63 Ttnus 'Roy]l. - 516 laurifblia Bork. 516 Toothache Tree - 142 Torr^ya Arn. 944 taxifblia Am. - 944 Toxicodendron M i II . 191 crendtum Mill. - 191 Toxy Ion Ra&.r\. 711 Tragopyrura Bieb. - 678 buxiRiiiUm Bieb. - 678 lanceol^tum Bieb, 678 pol^gamum Spr. - 679 Traveller's Joy - 5 Tree Peony - 18 Tree Purslane 676 Tril&phus Mich. 40 Page Ampelisagria Fis. 40 Trilbpus -■ - 499 True Service - 442 Trumpet Flower 660 Tulip Tree - 36 Tupelo Tree - - 693 Turkey Oak - .- 854 Turpinia Raf. - 191 Tutsan - - 77 Twisted Elm- 716 UnexX. - - 199 ausirdlis Clement 201 europs'a Z.. - - 200 europa^a Lin. Sp. 201 fastigidta Hort. - 201 genistdldes Brot. - 202 frandijidra Pour. - 200 ibirnica D. Mill. - 201 mmor Roth Cat. - 201 mitis Hort. - 202 ndna Forst. - 201 provincials L. 201 strlcta Mackay 201 verndiis Thore - 200 Ulmacese - 715. 1117 U'lmus L. 715 alata Mx. • 72^ aiba Kit. - - 723 americdna Masters 723 americ^na L. - 723 alba^rt. - - 724 fbliis va^iegStis H. 7'2i ioclsa Hort. 724 pendulaPawA 724 rabra Ait. 724 Atinia Pliny 715 betul^fblia Lodd. 717 campestris WiUd. 720 campisiris Du H. - 718 campestris Hort. - 716 campestris Walt. - 726 campestris Woodr. 718 campestris L, - 715 acutifblia Masters 716 &.iba. Masters - 716 betulsfblia 716 chinensis - 717 concavEBfblia 717 coroubiensis 717 cncul^ta Boit. - 717 Rliis adreis H, - 717 fiHiis variegatis - 717 latifi>lia - - 716 n^Qa. Hort. 717 parvifblia - 717 pendula Hort. 723 planifblia - 717 aarniensis - 716 strlcta Hort. 716 tortubsa - 716 Timin^lisH.D. - 717 vlTensHo7-t. 716 vulgaris - 716 chinensis Pers. 717 cilidtaEhrh. 719 crendta Hort. 7:^6 crispa Willd. 721 effasa Willd. 719 effiisa^ Sibth. 720 exoniensis Hort. 721 F6rdii Hort 721 ffllva Michx. 1'iA gldbra Huds. 720 glabra Mill. - - 722 decHmbens Hort. 721 glandulbsaiiW/. 723 latifblia iiTK/;. - 723 gldbra mdjor Hort. 723 microphylla - 723 parvifblia - 723 pendula r - 723 ramul&sa Booth - 723 replicdta Hort. - 721 Scampston Elm. 723 variega.ta Hort. - 723 vegeta - - 723 4 Pane vulgaris - - 723 holldndica Mill. - 719 horizontdlis Hort. 721 hiimilis Roth - 717 te'fisPflll. - - 719 lat^blidmich. 719 mt.\Qx Smith - 719 holldndica Pluk. 719 micropkyltaVars. - 717 montana Cam. 718 montana Bauh. 720 australis Hort. - 7'20 cebennensis Hoi't. 720 crispa - - 721 fastigifita flbr^. - 721 mkjor Masters - 720 minor Masters - 720 nigra - - 720 pendula - 721 rugbsa Masters - 720 i3Fl.Br. - 722 vdgeta Hort. 723 vulgaris - 720 moUifblia B. ^ S. 724 nemordlis Ait. - 726 nigra Lodd. - - 72U n^da Ehrh. - --720 octdndra Schk, 719 parvifblia Jac. - 717 parvifblia Willd. - 726 pedunculdta Lam. 719 pSndula Lodd. . 720 planifblia Hort. 717 polpgama Rich. 726 piimila Walt. 725 pitmila Willd. - 717 pUmila var. /3 Pall. 717 riibra Hort. Soc. - 721 riibra Mx. - 724 rugbsa Lodd. 720 scabra Mill. - 720 stricta Lindl. 716 iarn/c'njis Lodd. - 716 suberbsa Hon. 7'8 suberftsa M. - .- 718 alba - - 719 alba Masters 719 erecta - 719 f?>liis variegStis - 718 variegdta Ht. D. 713 vulgaris - - 718 Theophrdsti^Du H. 718 tortubsa Itodd. ~ 716 transbaical^nsis P. 717 vimindlis Lodd. - 717i Umbellaceie - 495 Umbrella Tree 27 Uvdria Tor. & G. - 38 triloba Tor. & G. - 38 XJ^va-crispa Fuchs 473 f7Va-MJj«e! Math. - 473 U^va-nrsi bztxifblia 577 VaccinifeEB - - 603 Vaccinia Ger. Em. 616 palustris Ger. Em. 616 Vaccinium L. - 603 albiflurum Hook. - 609 album Vh, - - 607 album Lam. - 608. 609 amce'^num Ait. - 608 angustifbliura Ait. 60-'i arbbreura Marsh. 607 Arctostaphylos L, 611 Arclostdphylos And, 611 brachOcerum Mx. 613 buxifdlium Sal. - 613 csespitbsum Mx. 605 canadense Rich. - 614 canldbricum Huds. 572 caracasknum H. SfB. 612 caucdsicum Hort. 611 corymbbsum L. - 608 angustifblium - 609 fuscStum Ait. 608 virgSitum Ait. - 608 crassjfblium Andr. 614 diffiisum Alt. - 607 disom6rphum Mx, 608 dumbsum Ait. - 607 hamlle Wats. - 608 elevdtum Banks - 607 elevhtum Hort. 608 elongiLtum W. - 609 erythrocdrpum Mx, 617 formbsum And. - 608 frondbsum Mx. 607 frondbsum L. ~ 610 lanceoldtum Ph. 611 veniSstum Ait. 611 gal^zans Mx. 606 galif6rme Sm. - 606 gl&brum Wats. - 610 glaHcum Mx. 610 grandiflbrum W. 609 hirtellum Ait - 607 hispidulum L. Sp. 581 hispidum Wangh. - 616 humifiisum Grah, 616 ligdstrinum Mx. - 606 juacrocdrpum Ait. 616 fol. varies. Lod. 61 7 mader^nseLk. 61 1 mari^num Wats. - & 9 maryldndicu?n Lod. 609 minutiflbrum ira/*. 610 Myrainltea Mx. - 615 lanceol^tus PA. - 615 obtasusPA. .615 myrtiffilium Mx. - 613 mj/rtilldides Mx, 605 Myrtillus L. - - 604 b&ccis ^Ibis Booth 604 nitidumviTJd/. - 614 ov^tum Pursh 614 padifbliura 57n. - 611 caucdsicum H. S. 611 pallidum Ait. - 606 parviflbrum Andr. 611 pennsvlvdnicuTn Lm.60(! OxycQccus L. Sp. - 616 ovahfbUus Mx. - 616 oblongifblius Mx. 617 resinbsum ^rt. - 61 1 lutescens PA. - 611 rubescens PA. 611 stamlneum X. - 607 album H. B, § K. 607 tenellum Ait. - 606 uliginbsum X. 605 virgdium Wats. - 608 angtcstifdliu7n W. 609 Vltis idiE'a X. 612 Valonia Oak - - 860 VellaX.- - - 53 Pseudo-C^tisus X. 54 Venetian Sumach - 187 Verbena.ceDe - - 673 Vibdrnum X. 615. 1116 acerifblium X, - 623 acuminatum X. Coll. 522 AwaiiXiii Sieb. - 1116 caroliiiidnum Hort. 519 cassindides X. - 619 cassinbides Du Roi 519 cotinifblium D. Don 521 dahilricum Pall. 521 dent^tum X. - 621 fbliis variegitis - 62? glabellum Mx, 521 lUcidum Ait. 621 pubescens - 522 pubiiscens Ait. - 522 semitomentbsuTn 622 edClle P. - - 524 grandtfblium Sm. 520 japbnicum /fori. -1116 liBvigatum W. 519 lanceoldtum Hill 619 Lantana X. - - 520 canadensis Pers. 620 fbl varieg. - 520 Lenldgo Du Roi - .518 1162 GENERAL INDEX. Page grandifblia Ait. 520 latifbliaiorf. Cflf. 520 lantandides Mx. - 5i0 lauriforme haTti. 517 Lentigo i. - 517 lobdtum Lam. - 522 longifblium L. Coll, 622 lUcidum MUl. - 517 tndlleUx. - - 524 mont^num Lo. Coll. 522 MulBka Ham. 521. 1116 nildum i. - - 519 squamatum 519 nltidum Ait. - 622 (mulbldes Miihl. - 524 O'pulusi. - _ - 522 americ^na Ait. - 624 editlis Mx. - ■ 524 f bl. Tarieg;Uis 623 n^na Hart. 523 rdseumR.&S.- 523 sterilis Dec. - 523 orientdle P. - ~ 624 Oxycoccus Pursh 524 iii611is - - 524 subintegrifblius fl. 624 prunifblium L. - 518 pubescens Pursh - 622 puncthtum Raf. - 519 pygmae^um Royle - 1116 pyrifbliumP. - 618 pyrifblium Poir. - 619 Rafinesquidnum Sc. 522 sinense Zeyk. - 1116 squamHtum WlUd. 519 stellulhiuin Wall. - 1116 TmusMiW. Diet.- 517 Tinus L. - - 516 hlrta Ait. 617 lilcida vJii'. - 517 stricta Hart. 517 virgita Ait. - 617 tomenibsum Lam. 520 tomenihsum Raf. - 522 irilobum Marsh. 524 villbsum Raf. - 522 Vincai. - 657 miijor L. - 657 tndjor Scop. - 657 varieg^ta Hort. - 657 media Delile 657 minor X. - 657 actitiflbra Bert. - 658 aftre ilbo Zod. C. - 658 Page fibre plSno Lod. - 658 fibre punlceo L. - 658 fbliis argenteis L. - 658 fbliis aflreis iorf. - 668 Vine - -, - 136 Vi6ma Ger. &'Lob, 5 Virga Ua.tth.- - 502 sanguinea Matth. 502 VirgiliaL. - - 197 mtea Mx. - 198 Virginian Cherry 274 Virginian Creeper - 139 Virginian Raspberry 317 Virgin's Bower - 2 Viscum L. - 608 ^bumi. - - 509 Vit^ces - 136. 1113 VltexX. - - 673 A'gnus Castus 673 latifblia Jtfi^/. - 674 arbbrea Rox. 674 inclsa Lam. - - 674 Negfindo Bi. Mag. 674 ViticHla Moench - 1 1 deltoidea Moanch - 1 1 Vitis X. 136. 141. 1113 ffistiv^lis Mx. ~ 137 arbbrea Willd. 140 bipinndta T. & G. 140 capreol&ta D. Don 146 cordifblia Mx. - 138 hederhcea Willd. - 139 heterophjlla 5. - 1113 idiS^a r^bra Cam. 612 inclsa Jacq. - 138 inclsa Nutt. - - 140 indivlsa Willd. 140 intermedia Miihl. - 137 Labrdsca X. - - 137 nigra Fuch. - - 5 odoratissima Donn 138 palmdta Vahl - 137 parvifblia ^o«/e - 1113 quinquefblia Lam . 1 39 ripSiEia Mx. - - 138 rotundifblia Mx. - 138 taurlna Walt, - 137 vinifera X. - - 136 americdna Marsh. 137 apiifblia lacinibsa 137 fbliis incJinis - 137 rubescentibus 137 vulpina L. - - 138 vulplna L. Spec - 138 VSgleraFhWet. - 201 spinbaa Fl. Wet. - 207 Wakoo - 725 Walnut Tree - - 732 Washington's Thorn 367 Wax Tree - - 630 Wayfaring Tree - 520 Weeping Ash - 640 Weeping Elm 721 Weeping Willow - 757 Weigelia Thunb. 525 Wendlandia Willd. 4 1 popiUiJblia Willd. 41 Wevmouth Pine - 1018 Whin - - - 200 White Beam Tree - 432 White Cedar - - 1074 White Mulberry - 707 White Thorn - - 375 Whortle Berry - 604 Wild Olive - 187. 696 Willow - - 744 Winter^cese 20. 1111 Winter Berry - 163 Wistaria ^. - - 248 chingnsiii Dec. - 249 Consequdna Loud. 249 frutescens Dec. - 249 specibsa Nutt. 249 Witch Hazel - 499 Woodbine 527 Wormwood - - 650 WychElm ' - 720 Wych Hazel - 720.917 XanthorhJza X. - 19 apiifblia L'Hirit. - 20 Xanthoxyl^ceae - 142 Xanth6xylum X. 142 fraxineum Willd. - 142 . virglnicura 143 mite Willd. - 443 tricar pum Mx. - 143 ? tricarpitm - - 143 virginicum L. C. - 142 XyWsteon Bieb. 640 ibSricum Bieb. 540 Xyl6steum Lodd. - 539 alpigenum Lodd. - 539 campaniJUirum Lod. 636 canadSnse Du H. - 540 cilidium Ph. - 636 . cordhtum Mcench - 635 i d-umetbrum. Moench 537 j involucr&tum, Rich. 638 i Page oblongijbliuvri Gold. 539 pyrendicum Tourn. 536 Solbnis Eaton - 540 tat&ricum D.um. - 535 villbsum Mi. - 540 Yellow Root - - 20 Yellow Rose - - 329 Yew - - 939 YViccaX. - - 1101 aloifblia L. - - 1102 pgndulA Co/. - 1102 angustifblia - 1104 arbor^stiens Dm. - 1102 canadena Aid. - 1101 cauUscensMx, - 1102 dracbnisX. - - 1103 fitamentbea - - 1103 fl^ccida Haw. - 1104 glaucescens ^. - 1104 gloribsa Andr. - 1102 gloribsaX. - - 1101 fbliis varieg. Xt/d. 1102 indica - . . 1101 nbva gl07idsa "Loh. 1101 perudna Ger. - 1101 recHrva Hort. - 1103 recurvif61ia Soto. - 1103 striata Sims - 1103 superba - - 1102 virginidna Pluk. - 1103 Yulan Magnolia ~ 33 Zanthdxylum Mill.D. 142 americdn-umMiW.'D. 142 caribce^um Gaartn. 142 carolinid.num Lam. 143 cld.va Hirculis Lin. 142 mSie Willd. - - 142 ramifibrum. Mx. 142 tricdipum Hook. - 142 Zelkofia - 726 Zenbbiai).Don 563 specibsa D. Don 563 nStida - 564 pulverulenta 564 Zizyphus Tourn. 167 fiexubsa - 168 inc6rva - - 168 JUjuba Mill. Diet. 167 PaliHrus Willd. Sp. 168 sativaDe&t - - 167 sinensis Lam. - 168 spina Christi - 168 volttbilis Willd. - 170 vulgaris Lam, - 167 THE END. LONDON : DALZIEL BROTHERS, CAMDEN PRESS.