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 TheRepubncoJCostaRic.iS^^^ 
 
Cornell University 
 Library 
 
 The original of this book is in 
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 There are no known copyright restrictions in 
 the United States on the use of the text. 
 
 http://www.archive.org/cletails/cu31924020388777 
 
BUREAU OF THE AMERICAN REPUBLICS, 
 
 WASHINGTON, U. S. A. 
 
 COSTA RICA. 
 
 BULLETIN NO. 31. JANUARY, 1892. 
 
iisT OP PREVIOUS bulletins; 
 
 1. Hand Book of the American Republics, No. I. 
 
 2. Hand Book of the American Republics, No. 2. 
 
 3. Patent and Trade-mark Laws of America. 
 
 4. Money, Weights, and Measures of the American Republics. 
 
 5. Import Duties of Mexico. 
 
 6. Foreign Commerce of the American Republics. 
 7i Hand Book of Brazil. 
 
 8. Import Duties of Brazil. 
 ^ Hand Book of Mexico. 
 ID. • Import Duties of Cuba and Puerto Rico. 
 
 11. Import Duties^of Costa Rica. 
 
 12. Import Duties of Santo Domingo. 
 
 13. Commercial Directory of Brazil. 
 
 14. Commercial Directory of Venezuela. 
 
 15. Commercial Directory of Colombia. 
 
 16. Commercial Directory of Peru. 
 
 17. Commercial Directory of Chile. 
 
 18. Commercial Directory of Mexico. 
 
 19. Commercial Directory of Bolivia, Ecuador, Paraguay, and Uruguay. 
 
 20. Import Duties of Nicaragua. 
 
 21. Import Duties of Mexico. 
 
 22. Imnport Duties of Bolivia. 
 
 23. Import Duties of Salvador. 
 
 24. Import Duties of Honduras. 
 
 25. Import Duties of Ecuador. 
 
 26. Commercial Directory of Argentine Republic. 
 
 27. Import Duties of Colombia. 
 
 28. Commercial Directory of Central America. 
 
 29. Commercial Directory of Haiti and Santo Domingo, 
 
 30. Annual Report, 1891. 
 
Copifri^fU It SI by n'mJLBradUfl: Co. S6 S. 4*"StI'htlAdtipl, 
 
BUREAU OF THE AMERICAN REPUBLICS, 
 
 WASHINGTON, U. S. A. 
 
 
 i.ij 
 
 vX/ \t^^ 
 
 tX ' 
 
 COSTA RICA. 
 
 BULLETIN NO. 31. JANUARY, 1892. 
 

 \ 
 
 BUREAU OF THE AMERICAN REPUBLICS, 
 NO. 2 LAFAYETTE SQUARE, WASHINGTON, D. C, U. S. A. 
 
 Director. — William E. Curtis. 
 Secretary. — Henry L. Bryan. 
 Portuguese Translator. — JOHN C. Redman. 
 Spanish Translator. — JosE Ignacio RODRIGUEZ. 
 Clerks. — John T. Suter, Jr. 
 Leonard G, Myers. 
 Stenographer. — Imogen A. Hanna. 
 Copyists. — TiLLiE L. Phillips. 
 LucRETiA Jackson. 
 
 ROSABELLE S. RiDER. 
 
 While the greatest possible care is taken to insure accuracy in the publications of the Bureau of the 
 American Republics, it will assume no pecuniary responsibility on account of inaccuracies that may 
 occur therein. 
 II 
 
TABLE OF CONTENTS. 
 
 Page. 
 
 Chapter I. Introductory i 
 
 II. Physical and Geographical Features — Political Divisions 4 
 
 III. Climate and Seasons 12 
 
 IV. Provinces and Principal Cities 16 
 
 V. Mineral Resources and Mining Laws 23 
 
 VI. The Forests of Costa Rica 28 
 
 VII. Agricultural and other Resources 32 
 
 VIII. Foreign Commerce 49 
 
 IX, The Interoceanic Canals 59 
 
 X. The Constitution and Laws — Money and Taxation 65 
 
 XI. Transportation and Postal Facilities 76 
 
 XII. Immigration So 
 
 XIII. Historical and Bibliographical Notes 80 
 
 XIV. The Import Duties of Costa Rica 93 
 
 XV. Parcels Post Convention 127 
 
 XVI. Commercial Directory 135 
 
 Index 146 
 
 ILLUSTRATIONS. 
 
 Page. 
 
 Map of Costa Rica Frontispiece. 
 
 Crater of Volcano Irazu 4 
 
 Crest of Volcano Irazu 6 
 
 Executive Mansion, San Jos^ 10 
 
 Orchid " Queen of the Night" 14 
 
 Native Musicians iS 
 
 Port Limon 20 
 
 Mining Camp 23 
 
 Entrance to Los Quemados Mine 25 
 
 Bread Fruit Tree 28 
 
 Coffee Berry 32 
 
 III 
 
IV ILLUSTRATIONS. 
 
 Page. 
 
 Coffee Patio 34 
 
 Drying Coffee 36 
 
 Shipping Bananas 40 
 
 Garden Scene: 42 
 
 Country House near the Volcano Irazu 46 
 
 Grand Hotel 52 
 
 Central Park, San Jos6 56 
 
 Government House 60 
 
 Pier at Puntarenas 68 
 
 Students of Young Ladies' Seminary 72 
 
 Ox-Shoeing 76 
 
 A " Ready-Made " House 80 
 
 La Merced Church 86 
 
 Wholesale Store 93 
 
Chapter I. 
 
 INTRODUCTORY. 
 
 The territory now known as the Republic of Costa Rica was 
 discovered by Columbus on the 5th of October, 1502. It was 
 called La Costa Rica (the rich coast) on account of the quantity 
 of gold the Spaniards found there. If this name of the Re- 
 public should need in any way to be confirmed, ample justifica- 
 tion therefor would certainly be found, not only in the auriferous 
 sands carried by her famous river, called in colonial times La 
 Estrella, now Tilorio, or Changuinola, and in the wealth of her 
 mines, especially those of the Aguacate Mountains, which, accord- 
 ing to the expression of a distinguished writer, might more properly 
 be called Gold Mountains {Monies de oro), but also in the wealth 
 of her soil and her forests, and in the singularly privileged position 
 she occupies in the central part of the American hemisphere, facing 
 both oceans and bordering, more or less actually or directly upon 
 the great interoceanic canal to be opened either through Panama or 
 Nicaragua, or both, which will cause the commerce of the world 
 to pass by Costa Rica and pay her tribute. 
 
 The learned Costa Rican writer, Senor Don Joaquin Bernardo 
 Calvo, from whose valuable works a considerable part of the infor- 
 mation contained in this handbook is derived, has taken pains to 
 ascertain the exact date in which the name of his country begins 
 to appear in official records. He speaks of a report of certain 
 expeditions under the command of Martin Estete, who in 1529 
 explored the San Juan River, then called El Desaguadero (the 
 
2 COSTA RICA. 
 
 outlet), and also of a real cedula (royal ordinance) dated May 
 14, 1541, where the name of Costa Rica appears as officially 
 given to that section of the New World. * 
 
 In colonial times Costa Rica was a province of what was called 
 the Kingdom of Guatemala.+ But the uprising of that country 
 against Spain, and the proclamation of its independence on the 
 15th of September, 1821, secured for her an autonomic govern- 
 ment. On the 22d of November, 1824, she became a State of 
 the United Provinces of Central America (Las Provincias Unidas 
 de Centro-America) ; but upon the dissolution of that confederacy 
 she assumed her own sovereignty (August 30, 1848), and has been 
 ever since an independent republic. 
 
 The time seems to be rapidly approaching when Costa Rica, 
 because of the homogeneous and progressive character of her popu- 
 lation, will be called to enjoy the glorious days which Bolivar pre- 
 dicted. 
 
 " Her magnificent position," as he said, " between the two oceans, 
 may make her in time the emporium of the universe." The inter- 
 oceanic canal, whether on the north or the south of her territory, 
 or on both sides, while shortening the distances of the world and 
 rendering the commercial ties between Europe, Asia, and America 
 closer and stronger, will attract to her territory the wealth and the 
 enterprise of all parts of the globe. " Perhaps," Bolivar added, "the 
 future capital of the earth will be established there, and hold that 
 
 *The works of Senor Calvo on Costa Rica, which no one who wishes to become 
 familiar with that country should fail to study, are: (i) La Reptiblica de Costa Rica. 
 Apuntamientosgeogrificos, estadisticosehist6ricos. San Josfede Costa Rica. 1887. (2) 
 The Republic of Costa Rica. Some facts and figures. Washington, D. C. iSgo. 
 (3) The Republic of Costa Rica. Chicago and New York. 1890. Another important 
 work on Costa Rica is that written in Trench, by Mr. Paul BioUey, and translated into 
 English by Mr. Cecil Charles, under the title of "' Costa Rica and her Future." Wash- 
 ington, D. C. 1889. 
 
 f The Dictionary of the Castilian language, published by the Royal Spanish .-\cademy, 
 twelfth edition, 1884, seems .still to consider Costa Rica as a part of Guatemala. In 
 definingthe word Costa Rican, in Spanish Costarriqueilo, says: " Natural de Costa Rica. 
 Perteneciente 4 este Estado de la Republica de Guatemala." (A native of Costa Rica, 
 belonging to this State of the Republic of Guatemala.) 
 
COSTA RICA. O 
 
 very station which Constantine wanted for Byzantium when he 
 established in it the seat of the empire." 
 
 The fact may be mentioned here that as far back as 1830 the 
 name of Costa Rica appears prominently connected with the worlc 
 of an interoceanic canal across the Isthmus of Nicaragua. As 
 shown by an appendix to Report No. 145, House of Representa- 
 tives, Thirtieth Congress, second session, the government of the 
 Central American Republic granted a Dutch company (Decem- 
 ber 18, 1830) a concession to open the said canal, and pledged 
 itself and the governors of the provinces of Nicaragua and Costa 
 Rica to aid as far as practicable the execution of the work. 
 
 Five years before, Don Antonio Jose Canaz, the diplomatic 
 representative of Central America in Washington, had written to 
 Henry Clay, Secretary of State of the United States, inform- 
 ing him that his Government had resolved to carry the enterprise 
 to success ; that " a company formed of American citizens of 
 respectability was ready to undertake the work as soon as a treaty 
 with the United States insuring the cooperation of the latter was 
 signed ; that he was ready to enter into negotiations for the treaty, 
 and that nothing would be more pleasant for Central America than 
 to see the generous people of the United States joining her in the 
 opening of the canal, sharing the glory of the enterprise, and en- 
 joying the great advantages to be derived from it." * 
 
 The famous Danish scientist, Andreas Oersted, so well known 
 for his discoveries in natural philosophy and other branches of 
 science, made, in 1851, at the request of the Costa Rican Govern- 
 ment, a survey for a canal through the river Sapoa to the port of 
 Salinas, or Bolanos, in Costa Rica, and suggested some plans 
 which, if carried on, might prove, perhaps, to be of immense ad- 
 vantage to the country.f 
 
 * Report No. 145, House of Representatives, Thirtieth Congress, second session, 
 page 245. 
 
 f The text of Oersted's report was printed in English, in London, in 1851, by Clowes 
 & Sons. 
 
Chapter II. 
 
 PHYSICAL AND GEOGRAPHICAL FEATURES. 
 
 The territory of Costa Rica forms an irregular quadrilateral tract 
 between Nicaragua on the north and Colombia on the south, and 
 is bathed by the Atlantic Ocean on the east and the Pacific Ocean 
 on the west. Its extreme northern limit somewhat oversteps the 
 eleventh parallel (i i° 16' north latitude), while its farthest south- 
 ern extreme reaches as far as the eighth (8° north latitude). The 
 longitudinal lines of its foremost headlands on both sides are 81° 
 40' and 85° 45" west of Greenwich. 
 
 The limits on the north, between Costa Rica and Nicaragua, 
 were settled by a treaty between the two nations dated April 1 J, 
 1858; but questions having been raised by Nicaragua, both about 
 the validity of this treaty and about the meaning of some of its 
 provisions, the whole subject was submitted to the decision of Pres- 
 ident Cleveland as arbitrator. President Cleveland, by his award 
 of March 22, 1888, which both parties accepted, declared the treaty 
 to be valid and binding upon the two Republics, and gave inter- 
 pretations of all the doubtful points. The limits on the south, that 
 is, with Colombia, are still in dispute, because, although the ques- 
 tion was submitted by treaty of December 21, 1880, to the arbi- 
 tration of Spain, no decision has so far been reached. 
 
 The area of the Republic, as given by the Anuario Estadistico 
 of 1890, is 59,570 square kilometers, equivalent to 23,000 English 
 square miles. The Atlantic coast of Costa Rica, if measured from 
 4 
 
< 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
COSTA RICA. r 
 
 end to end in a straight line, without taking into account the 
 numerous and sometimes deep indentations which it presents and 
 are particularly noticeable in the proximity of Colombia, gives 
 her a frontage of ^180 English miles. Her Pacific coast, if meas- 
 ured in the same way from Salinas Bay to Punta Burica, would 
 make an ocean front of 270 miles; but as the Gulf of Nicoya, 
 on the upper or northern part, and the gulf called Golfo Dulce, 
 on the southern or lower end, considerably increase the length 
 of the shore line, no exaggeration can be incurred in stating, with 
 Biolley and other writers, that it is at least twice as long as that 
 of the Atlantic. 
 
 The principal ports of the Atlantic side are five, as follows : 
 (1) The Bay of San Juan del Norte, which Costa Rica owns in 
 common with her neighbor, the Republic of Nicaragua,* and 
 seems to have been selected finally to be the Atlantic end of the 
 Nicaragua interoceanic canal. (2) The mouth of theXolorado, 
 often spoken of as the best pl^ce for the said Atlantic entrance of 
 the canal. (3) The port of Moin, at about 70 miles south of 
 San Juan del Norte. (4) The port of^Limon (Puerto Limon), 
 now the terminal point of several lines of steamers, one from 
 New Orleans, another from New York, and also from various 
 European ports, and which is connected by a railway with San 
 Jose, the capital, and other cities of the Republic. (5) Bocas del 
 Toro, a large bay near the Colombian limit, formed and protected, 
 like the Bay of New York, by a number of islands. 
 
 The principal ports on the Pacific coast are ten, as follows : (i) 
 The magnificent Bay of Salinas, which Costa Rica owns in com- 
 mon with Nicaragua,f and has been suggested by many as the 
 best and most adequate entrance for the Nicaragua interoceanic 
 
 * Article vii of the treaty above cited reads : "Art. vii. The Baj' of San Juan del 
 Norte, as well as the Salinas Bay, shall be common to both Republics, and, therefore, 
 both the advantages of their use and the obligations to contribute to their defense shall 
 also be common." 
 
 f Article vii of the treaty of April 15, 1858, above quoted. 
 
COSTA RICA. 
 
 canal on the Pacific side * (2) The port of Santa Elena. (3) The 
 port of Murcielagos. (4) The Bay of Culebra, also spoken of as 
 an advantageous terminus for the interoceanic canaf on the Pacific 
 side. (5) The Bay of Los Cocos. (6) The paj-t of Ballena. (7) 
 Puntarenas, a port connected by railway with the city of "Esparza. 
 \8) The port of Herradura. (9) Various ports in thetiiolfo Dulce, 
 among which the great IBay of Pavon claims special mention. (10) 
 The great Bay of David, near the southern end of the Republic. 
 
 The mountains which cross the territory of Costa Rica in every 
 direction appear to be composed of volcanic, or at least eruptive 
 masses, surrounded by sedimentary formations of greater or lesser 
 depth and cohesion, according to the localities. The country owes 
 to them the diversity of its productions, and its beautiful, pictur- 
 esque appearance. The highest mountain of the Republic is 
 Pico Blanco (the White Peak) which rises to 11,800 English 
 feet above the level of the sea.f Of the six volcanoes which are 
 to be found in her territory, two (Irazu and Barba) have not 
 given in many years any sign of activity. The other four are 
 called Turrialba, Poas, Orosi, and Miravalles. The highest vol- 
 cano is Irazu, which reaches an elevation of 11,600 English teet 
 above the level of the sea. The Miravalles, which is the lowest, 
 rises to 4,700 English feet. 
 
 The entire territory is crossed by rivers and streams of all sizes, 
 which give the soil extraordinary fertility, and supply sufficient 
 power for all kinds of industry. Some of them empty into the 
 of Nicoya, and receives several affluents, the principal of which is 
 
 * Diego Mercado, in his report to King Phillip III of Spain, dated Guatemala, Janu- 
 ary 23, 1620; Oersted, in his "Survey for a canal through the River Sapo4 to the port 
 of Salinas, or Bolaiios, in Costa Rica," printed in London, 1851 ; Mr. Felix Belly, in 
 his work on the Canal of Nicaragua ; Mr. Thom6 de Gammond, and others. The Nica- 
 ragua Transit Company selected also Salinas Bay as its terminal point on the Pacific ; 
 and Mr. Thomas C. Reynolds, of the South American Commission, in his highly inter- 
 esting report to the President of the United States, dated June 3, 1885, spoke with favor 
 of the same idea. 
 
 f Prof. E. D. Cope, in the Journal of the Academy of Natural Science, Philadelphia, 
 1875- 
 
Crest of Volcano Irazu 
 
 (The only point on the continent from which both oceans are visible.) 
 
COSTA RICA. n 
 
 Atlantic Ocean, others into the Pacific, others into the Lake of 
 Nicaragua, and others are affluents of the San Juan River. The nav- 
 igable rivers of the Republic directly emptying into the Atlantic 
 Ocean are the following: (i) The San Juan River, which runs 
 along the northern frontier of Costa Rica, and marks her limit 
 from Punta de Castilla to a point 3 miles distant from Castillo 
 Viejo.* This river was called originally El Desaguadero (The 
 Outlet), because it was thought, although erroneously it seems, 
 that it carried the waters of the Lake of Nicaragua into the At- 
 lantic. Nicaragua has the exclusive dominion and sovereign juris- 
 diction over the waters of this river; but the Republic of Costa 
 Rica has the perpetual right of free navigation of those waters be- 
 tween the two places above named.f The bank itself, between 
 the said limits, is Costa Rican territory. (2) The Colorado River, 
 which is a branch of the San Juan. Its mouth appears conspicu- 
 ously mentioned in many of the plans for the interoceanic canal, 
 as its best and most practicable and desirable terminus on the 
 Atlantic side.ij; (3) The Rio de la Estrella, which, as stated in 
 the preceding chapter, was famous from the early days of the dis- 
 covery on account of its auriferous sands. (4) The river named 
 Teliri, or Sixiola. (5) The Changuinola River. 
 
 The principal rivers which directly empty into the Pacific are 
 the following: (1) The Tempisque, whose mouth is on the Gulf 
 
 * Article n of the treaty of April 15, tSsS, between Costa Rica and Nicaragua, above 
 cited. 
 
 f Article VI of the treaty of April 15, 1858, between Costa Rica and Nicaragua : "The 
 Republic of Nicaragua shall have exclusively the dominion and sovereign jurisdiction 
 over the waters of the San Juan River, from its origin on the lake to its mouth on the 
 Atlantic ; but the Republic of Costa Rica shall have the perpetual right of free naviga- 
 tion on the said waters between the said mouth and the point three English miles dis- 
 tant from Castillo Viejo." 
 
 I The special report on Costa Rica of the South American Commission (March 3, 
 1885) says : " More important still is the Colorado River, which runs through one por- 
 tion of this plain, conducting in its deep channel the waters of the San Juan River to 
 the ocean. The harbor at the mouth of the Colorado has deepened and im- 
 
 proved by the additional water that river was discharging from the San Juan." (Ex. 
 Doc. No. 50, House of Representatives, Forty-ninth Congress, iirst session, page 128.) 
 
8 COSTA RICA. 
 
 the Las Piedras River, navigable for a certain distance. (2) The 
 Barranca River, which empties into the ocean at the south of 
 Puntarenas. (3) And the Rio Grande, whose mouth is at Tar- 
 coles, a little north of Herradura. 
 
 The most important rivers which empty into the Lake of Ni- 
 caragua are the following: (1) The Sapoa, which has been men- 
 tioned in connection with the western division of the interoceanic 
 canal, and is one of the elements in the demarkation of the dividing 
 line with Nicaragua. (2) The Rio Frio, which reaches the Lake 
 of Nicaragua, near the place where the San Juan River begins. 
 
 The direct affluents of the San Juan River, which according to 
 some writers * furnish (and not the lake) the volume of its waters, 
 are the following: (1) The San Carlos River, which has been 
 called "the pride of Costa Rica," and is navigable for steamships 
 for 60 miles inland from its mouth at the San Juan.f No doubt 
 is entertained as to making it navigable for a greater distance, and 
 for larger vessels, and thereby adding considerably to the pros- 
 perity of that fertile region, only by removing the trunks of trees 
 and other obstacles which its current has carried down from the 
 mountains. (2) The Sarapiqui River, which runs almost parallel 
 to the San Carlos, at a distance of 20 miles towards the Atlantic, 
 and has also a large volume of water. 
 
 The water courses of the northern part of Costa Rica are, ac- 
 cording to BioUey, the most important of all, on account of their 
 volume and of the advantages they afford to navigation and com- 
 merce. The San Carlos and the Sarapiqui are destined to be the 
 principal arteries of commerce for the cities of Alajuela and He- 
 redia, the former furnishing to a great extent the volume of water 
 for the Ochoa dam of the Nicaragua Canal. 
 
 * Among them the distinguished Costa Rican historian and diplomatist, Don Manuel 
 M. de Peralta. 
 
 f In the special report on Costa Rica, above mentioned, page 128, the Commissioners 
 (Thomas C. Reynolds and Solon O. Thacher) said: "From this head of navigation 
 (the junction of the two rivers) there is an easy and practicable route for a railroad to 
 Alajuela, where it would meet a railroad now in operation to San Jos6.'' 
 
COSTA RICA. 
 
 Politically and for the purposes of government, Costa Rica is 
 divided into seven departments, or districts, five of which are 
 called " provincias," and the other two " comarcas." The difFer- 
 €nce between the former and the latter seems to consist .chiefly in 
 the number and density of their respective population. 
 
 The provincias and their capitals are as follows: (i) San Jose; 
 capital San Jose, which is at the same time the capital of the Re- 
 public and the seat of the Government. (2) Alajuela; capital 
 Alajuela. (3) Cartago; capital Cartago. (4) Heredia; capital. 
 Heredia. (5) Guanacaste ; capital Liberia. 
 
 The comarcas, with their respective capitals, or chief towns, are 
 as follows : (1 ) The Comarca de Limon, a long strip of land, about 
 50 miles wide in the widest part, forming the whole front of Costa 
 Rica on the Atlantic side; capital, Puerto Limon. (2) The Co- 
 marca de Puntarenas, which runs along the Pacific coast of the 
 Republic from the Gulf of Nicoya to the Colombian boundary, 
 and is very narrow on its northern and central parts, but about 40 
 or 45 miles wide near the southern frontier; capital, Puntarenas. 
 
 According to the historian Juarroz, the population of Costa 
 Rica in 1778 was 24,536 inhabitants; when the census of 1826 
 was taken, the number was 61,846; and 74,565 in 1835. The 
 following statement shows the population of the Republic by Prov- 
 incias and Comarcas, according to the census of 1844, 1864, 1803, 
 and 1888:* 
 
 Provinces. 
 
 San Jose . . . 
 Alajuela . . . 
 Cartago . . . . 
 Heredia. . . . 
 ■Guanacaste. 
 Puntarenas. 
 Limon 
 
 1844. 
 
 1864. 
 
 1883. 
 
 1888. 
 
 25. 949 
 
 37, 206 
 
 56, 162 
 
 63, 406 
 
 10, 837 
 
 27,171 
 
 45, 205 
 
 51,087 
 
 19, 884 
 
 23, 064 
 
 30, 428 
 
 33, 887 
 
 17, 236 
 
 17, 791 
 
 25,818 
 
 2g, 409 
 
 5,193 
 
 10,431 
 
 14, 902 
 
 16,323 
 
 883 
 
 4,836 
 
 7,700 
 
 8, 409 
 
 
 
 1,858 
 
 1,770 
 
 
 1 
 
 Total 
 
 79,982 120,499 182,073 204,291 
 
 *According to official statistical information, the total number of negroes in Costa Rica 
 at the present time is 839, most of them laborers on the railroads and natives of Jamaica. 
 
lO" COSTA RICA. 
 
 According to the Anuario Estadistico de la Republica de Costa 
 Rica for 1890, which is a Government publication, the population 
 of the country on the 31st of December, 1890, was 238,782. 
 This includes about 3,500 Indians in the district of Talamanca, in 
 the Comarca of Limon, and in that of Guatusos, in the northern 
 part of the province of Alajuela, near the Lake of Nicaragua. 
 
 A most important feature of the population of Costa Rica con- 
 sists in its ethnical constitution and its decided homogeneous 
 character. Different in this respect from many other nations of 
 Spanish America, Costa Rica has scarcely any negroes, and while 
 among the elements of her population some specimens of mixed 
 Spanish and Indian races are found, the great majority consists of 
 white people, and as robust, healthy, intelligent, honest, and law 
 abiding as can be found anywhere else in the world. 
 
 The number of foreigners in Costa Rica, according to the Anua- 
 rio Estadistico above cited, is 7,049. Prominent among them 
 are the Italians, who number 1,317, and represent, therefore, much 
 more than one-sixth of the total. The total number of Spanish- 
 speaking foreigners. Central Americans, Mexicans, South Ameri- 
 cans, Cubans, Porto Ricans, and European Spaniards, is 3,256. 
 The citizens of the United States established in the country, as 
 given by the census, are only 258, and the subjects of Her British 
 Majesty (from the United Kingdom, 259, and from Jamaica, 907) 
 are, in all, 1,166. 
 
 As Costa Rica is mostly an agricultural, or perhaps still more 
 properly, a coffee-growing country, a large part of her people consist 
 of farmers and farm laborers, cart drivers, and muleteers. Senor 
 Calvo gives the following figures: Farmers and planters, 7,479; 
 day laborers, 18,278; cart drivers, 1,924; muleteers, 123; total, 
 27,804 males ; while among the females are included domestic 
 servants (2,819), washerwomen (5,300), cooks (3,947), and linen- 
 ironers (890), making a total of 12,956. 
 
 Significant features of the census are that 17,174 inhabitants of 
 the Republic are inscribed as students of higher branches; that the 
 
COSTA RICA. 1 1 
 
 pupils of the primary schools, both public and private, number 
 23,000; and that there are 366 teachers and 360 governesses. Of 
 lawyers there were only 78; physicians 25, pharmacists 44, and 
 clergymen 1 1 9. 
 
 As shown by the figures above printed, San Jose is now, and 
 has been at all times, the most populated province of Costa Rica, 
 as more than one-third of all the inhabitants of the Republic are 
 settled within its limits. But, relatively speaking, that is, taking 
 into consideration the area of the province and the relation between 
 its extent and the number of inhabitants, Heredia is more densely 
 populated than San Jose. In the whole Republic the ratio is 10 
 inhabitants (Indians included) to the square mile. 
 
 The provinces are subdivided in cantones (cantons), as follows : 
 San Jose, seven cantones: San Jose, Escasu, Desamparados, 
 Puriscal, Aserri, Mora, and Tarrazii. 
 
 Alajuela, seven cantones: Alajuela, San Ramon, Grecia, Atenas, 
 San Mateo, Naranjo, Palmares. 
 
 Cartago, three cantones: Cartago, Paraiso. La Union. 
 Heredia, five cantones: Heredia, Barba, Santo Domingo, Santa 
 Barbara, San Rafael. 
 
 Guanacaste, six cantones : Liberia, Nicoya, Santa Cruz, Bagaces, 
 Las Canas, and Carrillo. 
 
 The Comarca of Puntarenas comprises three cantones, which 
 are Puntarenas, Esparza, and Golfb Dulce. 
 
 The Comarca of Limon forms only one canton, which carries 
 its own name. 
 
 The Republic of Costa Rica is divided into eight judicial dis- 
 tricts, with a court of first instance for each. The judicial districts 
 have the same extent, limits, name, and capital as the provinces 
 or comarcas themselves; but San Jose is divided into two districts. 
 Ecclesiastically, the whole territory of the Republic constitutes 
 a diocese of the Roman Catholic Church, at whose head there is 
 a bishop, residing at San Jose. The diocese is divided into forty- 
 two parishes. 
 
Chapter III, 
 
 CLIMATE AND SEASONS. 
 
 Although Costa Rica, geographically, is a tropical country, her 
 climate is not tropical, except on the coasts, and even there the 
 heat is not excessive except at unusual times, being tempered 
 by trade winds and sea breezes. In respect of climate the Re- 
 public may be divided into three different zones or regions, which 
 the people have very appropriately designated with the names of 
 tierras calientes (hot lands), tkrras templadas (temperate lands), and 
 tierras frias (cold lands). 
 
 The hot lands are those which form the low region, and extend 
 from the seashore on the east and west, and from the right bank 
 of the San Juan River, on the north, to a line in the interior of the 
 country on the skirts of the mountains, 3,000 feet above the level 
 of the sea. There the mean annual temperature, generally higher 
 on the Pacific than on the Atlantic side, varies from 72° to 82° 
 Fahrenheit. This region, which comprises almost one-third of the 
 whole territory of the Republic, is admirably adapted to the culti- 
 vation of the banana, cocoa, vanilla bean, sugar cane, and other 
 tropical plants. 
 
 The temperate lands, which form the second region, extend 
 from the above-mentioned line, 3,000 feet above the level of the 
 sea, to another line towards the top of the mountains, at an altitude 
 
COSTA RICA. lO 
 
 of 7,503 feet. This section of the country the South American 
 Commissioners of 1884-85 described as follows: 
 
 The valley and lower slopes of the mountains of" Costa Rica, constituting its 
 tierra templada, are the populous portions of the State. They possess a climate 
 of wonderful salubrity, are well watered and very fertile. There is grown the 
 great staple of export of the country, coffee. The country surrounding San Jose, 
 the present capital, and Cartago, the old Spanish seat of government, is very 
 largely devoted to this branch of farming. Other products of the temperate 
 zone flourish here, but coifee is the chief crop, and it is the principal source of 
 revenue to the planters of the country. Sugar cane and fine tobacco also flour- 
 ish in this altitude, and are raised in sufficient quantities to supply the domes- 
 tic demand, but not for export. The coffee estates are small, generally from 
 10 to 80 acres in extent; the tree is raised without shade trees, save that when 
 the plants are small, banana trees are planted to protect them; but as soon as 
 the coffee well covers the ground no further protection is needed. The fields, 
 however, are all fenced with high hedges, usually of palmetto, cactus, and other 
 flowering shrubs, and these rows serve to break the winds and to some extent 
 modify the rays of the sun. 
 
 Interspersed with the coffee fields are pastures, patches of corn and bananas, 
 beans, and vegetables, while orange trees are seen here and there laden with 
 fruit. 
 
 The houses of the people are near together, built of large sun-dried adobe 
 brick, roofed with tile, the common covering of all houses in Spanish America, 
 and are comfortable abodes for the laborers of the land. The valleys are not 
 plains, but uneven, broken through with numerous swift-flowing streams, and 
 the inclosing mountains are not abrupt, and their declivities are generally tilled 
 to their summits. 
 
 It would be difficult to imagine a more lovely landscape, a more beautiful 
 blending of streams, fields, villages, white and glowing, among the green foliage 
 of coffee plantations, and mountain slopes dotted with the vivid green of sugar 
 cane, and the gray and brown pastures of fields of corn, than can be seen in the 
 valley of San Jose.* 
 
 The third section, or cold lands, extend from the altitude above 
 mentioned, 7,500 feet above the level of the sea, to the top of the 
 mountains. The difference between the temperature of day and 
 night is felt here most keenly. Not infrequently the ground 
 
 * Special report on Costa Rica, March 3, 1885. Ex. Doc, No. 50. House of Rep- 
 resentatives, Forty-nintfi Congress, first session, page I2g. 
 
14 COSTA RICA. 
 
 appears covered with hoar frost in the morning. Snow, however, 
 is extremely rare. 
 
 The mean annual temperature in the temperate lands varies from 
 57° to 68° F. 
 
 There are only two well-defined seasons in Costa Rica, and are 
 called verano (summer) and invierno (winter). The summer is 
 the dry season, and generally begins in November and ends in 
 April. The rainy season, or winter, extends from May to the end 
 of October. On the Pacific side rains are less frequent and copious 
 than on the side of the Atlantic. Tempests, cyclones; hurricanes, 
 and other calamities which afflict periodically other lands are 
 unknown in Costa Rica. The topographical conditions of the 
 country also exempt her people from any fear of floods. Even 
 the earthquakes, to which all volcanic countries are more or less 
 frequently subject, are not as severe in Costa Rica as in other parts 
 of Central America. One of the severest ever felt was that of 
 December 30, 1888, which shook several public buildings at San 
 Jose, and caused great damage in some other cities. 
 
 According to the Anuario Estadistico of 1890, the number of 
 deaths which occurred that year was 5,485, or 1 to every 38 in- 
 habitants. The fact has been observed for many years that the 
 mortality of children under the age of 10, represents 50 and some- 
 times 60 per cent of the total. According to Senor Calvo, Biolley, 
 and other writers, the explanation of this is to be found, not in any 
 climatic peculiarity, or in anything which might be construed as 
 poverty, or lack of means in the people, but in many erroneous 
 ideas about the proper way of nursing and taking care of the 
 children which prevail among the peasants. The statistics often 
 show a great number of cases of longevity. The census of 1883 
 recorded 140 people over 90 years of age, and 21 who had passed 
 the age of 100. 
 
 The study of the climatology of Costa Rica has made great pro- 
 gress in the last years, owing to the intelligent attention given to 
 
Orchid, "Queen of the Night." 
 
COSTA RICA. 15 
 
 it by the Government. The Meteorologic Institute of San Jose 
 has been enlarged and organized so as to make it a physico- 
 geographical and meteorologic establishment, and according to what 
 BioUey says, the professor who has been placed at its head, Mr. H. 
 Pittier, is a most competent person, having all the necessary quali- 
 fications to satisfactorily perform the duties which are intrusted to 
 him. An interesting bulletin was published in 1890 by Mr. Pit- 
 tier, under the title of Notes on the Climate and Geography of the 
 Republic of Costa Rica. 
 
Chapter IV. 
 
 PRINCIPAL CITIES AND PROVINCES. 
 
 San Jose, the capital, is in every respect the most important city 
 of the Republic. It is not only (ever since 1823) the seat of the 
 National Government, but also the capital of the province of San 
 Jose, and the most populous of all. It is situated at an altitude 
 of 3,868 feet above the level of the sea, and has a population of 
 24,000 inhabitants. It stands in a beautiful valley, whose area is 
 of about 2,000 square kilometers, and in the immediate neighbor- 
 hood of two small rivers, the Torres and the Maria Aguilar. Its 
 latitude is 9° 56' north, and its longitude 84° west of Greenwich. 
 
 San Jose has been much visited by strangers and is provided with 
 hotels which offer the traveler all desirable comforts. The most 
 important of its public buildings are the National Palace, the 
 President's Palace, the Palace of Justice, the Bishop's Palace, the 
 old University of St. Thomas, with its museum, its library, and 
 its archives, the Zion College, the Ecclesiastical Seminary, the 
 Young School, the Lyceum of Costa Rica, the Hospital of St. 
 John of God, founded in 1799 by Bishop Tristan, the Asylum for 
 the Insane, the Orphan Asylum, the Market House, the Bank of 
 the Union, the National Liquor Factory, and the Military Barracks. 
 
 The Cathedral is an imposing edifice, and next to it the Church 
 of Our Lady of Mount Carmel (Nuestra Sefiora del Carmen) 
 commands attention. San Jose has some other churches, and also 
 a Masonic Temple built in 1868, and one Protestant place of 
 worship which is attended by residents of all denominations. 
 16 
 
COSTA RICA. 17 
 
 The city is lighted at night with electricity. It has an aqueduct 
 provided with all the necessary appurtenances, filters, fountains, 
 etc., built according to modern methods and with material sent 
 trom the United States. 
 
 San Jose is connected by rail with the port of Limon on the 
 Atlantic and soon will be united also with the port of Puntarenas 
 on the Pacific. The railroad depot, storehouses, workshops, etc., 
 are admirably adapted for their purposes. The cemeteries are fine, 
 and beautifully kept, and also the parks especially the Central 
 Park, and the Park ot Morazan. The houses in the principal 
 streets are one and two stories high, and have a pleasant appear- 
 ance. They are built in the Spanish fashion, with fatios or court- 
 yards, generally adorned with plants and flowers, and sometimes 
 with a fountain in the center. The police are organized under 
 strict military discipline. 
 
 From a commercial point of view San Jose is also the most im- 
 portant city of the Republic. It is the residence of the wealthiest 
 merchants, and the center of business. It has many first-class 
 stores, three breweries, several factories, and all sorts ot shops and 
 commercial establishments. The National Liquor Factory has no 
 rival in Central America. 
 
 The San Jose University has a library, which is also the national 
 library, with thousands of interesting books. The International 
 Club, which has commodious quarters and counts among its mem- 
 bers almost all noted Costa Ricans, has also a library of 5,000 vol- 
 umes. The San Jose Philharmonic Society is a very popular 
 association, which has worked with considerable success to secure 
 the cultivation of music and the musical taste which is noticed 
 in the country. There is also a National School of Music, sup- 
 ported by the Government. 
 
 The principal hotels are The Gran Hotel, C. de Benedictis, pro- 
 prietor; Hotel Frances, Jose Vigne, proprietor; Hotel Victor, 
 Victor Aubert, proprietor; Hotel de Roma, Jose Sacripanti, 
 
i8 
 
 COSTA RICA. 
 
 proprietor; the Cafe and Restaurant de Paris, Messrs. Rava & 
 Allard, proprietors; and others. 
 
 Desamparados, situated about 5 kilometers southeast of San 
 Jose, is the chief town of the canton of its name. It has fine 
 streets, handsome churches, good, comfortable houses, and is the 
 center of a very rich agricultural district. 
 
 Escasu is the chief town of another canton, to which it also gives 
 its name, and is situated about 5 miles southwest of San Jose. It 
 is the center of a district where coffee of the most excellent qual- 
 ity is abundantly raised, and has a delightful and healthy climate. 
 
 Puriscal, which is the principal center of population of its can- 
 ton, is situated 47 kilometers southwest of San Jose, and is pro- 
 gressing rapidly. The lands which surround it are ftoted for their 
 wonderful fertility. It also possesses, near by, some coal mines, 
 which are said to be rich. 
 
 The town of Aserri, situated about 12 kilometers southeast of 
 the capital of the Republic, is the center of a flourishing coffee- 
 growing district, and the chief town of the canton of its name. 
 It was founded before the days of the Spanish rule. 
 
 Pacaca is the chief town of the canton of Mora. It is situated 
 19 kilometers southwest of San Jose, and is also an old Indian 
 town. The canton of Mora is remarkable, among other things, for 
 the beauty of the pita straw hats manufactured there. 
 
 San Marcos is the chief town of the canton of Tarrazu. It is 
 situated about 70 kilometers south of San Jose, in a very moun- 
 tainous region, and is a healthy and invigorating resort, frequented 
 by sick people. 
 
 PROVINCE OF CARTAGO. 
 
 The city of Cartago, the capital of the province of its name, 
 situated in the beautiful Cartago Valley, in olden times the Guarco 
 Valley, at the foot of the volcano Irazu, 4,930 feet above the level 
 of the sea, is one of the best located cities of Costa Rica. 
 
Native Musicians. 
 
COSTA RICA. IQ 
 
 Its Streets are beautiful and its climate excellent. It is on the 
 line of the railroad to the Atlantic and has a population of 7,800 
 inhabitants. Its churches and other buildings, both public and pri- 
 vate, are worthy of attention. 
 
 Cartago was founded in 1563 by Don Juan Vazquez de Coro- 
 nado, and was the seat of the Government until 1823. It is about 
 13 miles east of San Jose, and is connected by a tramway with 
 the celebrated Bella Vista hot springs, at the foot of the Irazu, which 
 are visited every year by great numbers of people. The tramway 
 is 3 miles long, and the trip is made in half an hour. The water 
 of these hot springs (aguas calientes) has a temperature of 135" 
 Fahrenheit, and, according to the general belief, is a sure remedy, 
 used externally in baths, for rheumatism, gout, and diseases of all 
 kinds in the skin. The following is the analysis of the Bella 
 Vista water, made in September 2, 1881, in New York City, by 
 Mr. C. F. Chandler, a doctor of pharmacy: 
 
 Grains in 07ie United Slates gallon (231 cubic inches). 
 
 Sodium chloride 61. 2922 
 
 Bicarbonate lithium Traces. 
 
 Bicarbonate sodium 15. 1568 
 
 Bicarbonate nagnesium 13.0165 
 
 Bicarbonate calcium 56. 0627 
 
 Bicarbonate barium o. 2624 
 
 Bicarbonate strontium Traces. 
 
 Bicarbonate iron i. 3588 
 
 Bicarbonate copper Traces. 
 
 Bicarbonate manganese Traces. 
 
 Sulphate potassium 2. 5775 
 
 Sulphate sodium 37. 7258 
 
 Phosphate sodium o. 1108 
 
 Biborate sodium i. 7669 
 
 Arsenite sodium Traces, 
 
 Alumina sodium o. 1166 
 
 Silica sodium 3. 6157 
 
 Organic matter Traces. 
 
 Total 193. 0627 
 
 The town of Paraiso, which is the principal center of popula- 
 tion in the canton of the same name, is comparatively modern, as 
 it was founded in 1832. The lands of the canton are fertile, and 
 have been devoted to the cultivation of coffee and sugar cane and 
 to the raising of cattle. 
 
 La Union is the chief town of the canton of its name. It is a 
 beautiful, healthy, and flourishing city. Its importance rapidly 
 
20 COSTA RICA. 
 
 increases, not only on account of its climatic conditions and the 
 beauty of the location, but also because it is the center of one of 
 the richest coffee districts of the Republic. 
 
 PROVINCE OF ALAJUELA. 
 
 The city of Alajuela, which is the capital of the province, and 
 also the chief town of its own canton, is situated at about 18 kilo- 
 meters from the capital of the Republic, and has a population of 
 7,250 inhabitants. It is on the line of the railroad to the Atlantic, 
 and about 45 miles from the Pacific coast. It has a high school, 
 well organized, and supported by the Government. 
 
 Grecia is the chief town of the canton of its name, and the cen- 
 ter of a rich agricultural district, which excites attention, among 
 other things, for the flourishing sugar plantations which are found 
 within its limits. Coffee is largely cultivated here, and much atten- 
 tion is paid also to the raising of cattle. 
 
 San Ramon is also the chief town of a canton which bears the 
 same name. It is the center of a rich district, and has a public 
 library and some newspapers. 
 
 Naranjo is the chief town of the canton of the same name, and 
 deserves special mention, not only for the fertility of the country 
 which surrounds it, but for the energy and public spirit of its 
 inhabitants. This canton is now in rapid progress and stands 
 within the rich and famous valley of San Carlos. 
 
 PROVINCE OF HEREDIA. 
 
 The city of Heredia, the capital of the province, has now a popu- 
 lation of 7,300 inhabitants, a good high school, and many build- 
 ings of importance. It is connected by rail with the provinces of 
 San Jose, Cartago, and Alajuela and with the port of Limon on 
 the Atlantic. 
 
 In 1751 it contained only 93 houses (24 adobe and tile-roofed 
 buildings, and 69 thatched houses) and one church; but now it 
 
T3 
 
 O 
 
 _J 
 
COSTA RICA. 21 
 
 is one of the most flourishing cities of the Republic. It covers 
 more than loo manzanas, and has two very imposing churches, a 
 fine waterworks system, and a literary and scientific association, 
 called " El Estudio," which has attained great reputation in the 
 country. 
 
 The town of Barba is the principal center of population of its 
 canton, and one of the oldest cities in Costa Rica. Its proximity 
 to the source of the river Sarapiqui insures for it commercial ad- 
 vantages of grfeat importance. 
 
 The town of Santo Domingo, said to be the home of the most 
 beautiful women of Costa Rica, is the chief town of the rich can- 
 ton of the same name. 
 
 Santa Barbara, situated between Barba and Alajuela, is another 
 town looking forward to a great future when it shall have easy 
 communication by the San Carlos and the Sarapiqui with the 
 San Juan River and all ports on the north. 
 
 San Rafael is the chief town of the fertile canton of the same 
 name. 
 
 PROVINCE OF GUANACASTE. 
 
 The extensive province ot Guanacaste is an important section 
 of the Republic, not only for the variety of its products, but for 
 its topographical position. It is divided into five cantons, Liberia, 
 Nicoya, Santa Cruz, Bagaces, and Las Canas. The city of 
 Liberia is the capital of the province, and its central location and 
 advancement have made it so. I ts population is 5,692. Santa Cruz 
 and Nicoya, which follow it in importance, are both in the penin- 
 sula which forms one side of the Gulf of Nicoya, and have respect- 
 ively a population of 5,697 and 4,588 inhabitants. Stock-tarm- 
 ing and the felling of timber are the principal occupations of the 
 inhabitants. 
 
 COMARCA OF PUNTARENAS. 
 
 The city of Puntarenas is the capital of this comarca, and has a 
 population of 3,500 inhabitants. It was for a long time the 
 
22 COSTA RICA. 
 
 principal port of entry of the country; but now, owing to the de- 
 velopment of the commerce on the Atlantic side, its harbor is not 
 as often visited by foreign vessels as formerly. Puntarenas enjoys 
 a healthful climate the greater part of the year, and in spite of its 
 tropical temperature serves as a pleasure resort for well-to-do fami- 
 lies of the interior, during the dry season. It is connected by rail 
 with Esparza, and soon will be with Alajuela. It has good build- 
 ings and an excellent iron pier. 
 
 COMARCA OF LIMON. 
 
 Puerto Limon is the capital of this comarca. It is connected 
 by rail with the cities of San Jose, Cartago, Heredia, and Ala- 
 iuela. The city is growing rapidly and in a way entirely differ- 
 ent from everything found elsewhere in Central America. The 
 houses, some of them 3 stories high, are built in the American 
 style. The largest steamers can come alongside the pier, a con- 
 venience unknown elsewhere in Central America. 
 

Chapter V. 
 
 MINERAL RESOURCES AND MINING LAWS. 
 
 The great mineral wealth of Costa Rica was known, as stated 
 in the first chapter, since the very days of the discovery. Colum- 
 bus and his companions suspected it when they saw the ornaments 
 of pure gold which the natives wore, and soon afterward found 
 that rich mines of the much-coveted metal existed in the country. 
 Early explorations made at Talamanca and Chiriqui, in the prox- 
 imity of the Isthmus of Panama, rendered those regions famous; 
 and when the Spanish Governor, Don Juan Vazquez de Coronado, 
 in 1 564, ordered an examination to be made of the sands brought by 
 the various rivers of the Duy Valley, one of which was the celebrated 
 Rio de la Estrella, as Vazquez de Coronado himself christened it, 
 substantial evidence was secured of the great wealth of the country. 
 According to the Anuario Estadistico of 1890, most of the Costa 
 Rican rivers which empty into the Pacific Ocean bring, like those 
 of the Atlantic, auriferous sands. 
 
 The gold mines of Costa Rica which have so far attained the 
 greatest celebrity, namely, the mines of the Aguacate Mountains, 
 are nevertheless the most modern. They were not discovered until 
 1815, when Bishop Garcia, then prelate of both Nicaragua and 
 Costa Rica, while visiting his diocese, happened to reach that 
 
 23 
 
24 COSTA RICA. 
 
 locality, and told his attendants that he had noticed everywhere in 
 that country the most valuable ores. An examination soon after 
 made, showed the accuracy of Bishop Garcia's observations, and 
 in 182^ two rich mines, respectively named, La Sacra Familia and 
 San Miguel, commenced to be worked. No labor was under- 
 taken in the real Monte del Aguacate mines until after Costa Rica 
 became an independent nation. 
 
 It may be said, however, that this great wealth, which consists 
 not only in gold but also in silver, copper, and lead, is not yet de- 
 veloped. The mining industry of the Republic is still in its 
 infancy. It has had to struggle with all sorts of difficulties, and 
 the wonder is how it has been able to survive. In the first place 
 it had to pass through the severe ordeal which more or less intensely 
 befell all the nations of Spanish America while struggling for their 
 independence. In the second place, it had to overcome obstacles 
 which might be called insuperable, and depended in some instances 
 upon the lack of skilled labor, or proper machinery and improved 
 appliances, and in some others upon the scanty supply of quick- 
 silver or its high price. In all cases the difficulties and the cost 
 of transportation, especially in the days when no railroads existed 
 in the country, acted also as a check to enterprise, and prevented 
 capital from being invested in mines, particularly when agricul- 
 ture offered a field more ample, more remunerative, and less 
 difficult to operate. It is, therefore, much to the credit of Costa 
 Rica that she can make such a fine exhibit of her efforts in this 
 respect, as appears from her Anuario Estadistico of 1890, the 
 reports of the United States consuls, and the books of Senor 
 Calvo and Mr. BioUey. Up to 1890 the gold mines of Aguacate 
 alone had yielded about $7,000,000. 
 
Los QuEMADOS Mine. 
 
COSTA RICA. 25 
 
 The following schedule shows the names, situation, and kinds 
 or quality of the mines thus far worked in the Republic : 
 
 Name. 
 
 Canton. 
 
 Situation. 
 
 Minerals. 
 
 LaTrinidad Espaiza Upper end of river Ciruelitas. 
 
 Sacra Familia 1 .Alajuela .... Mount of Aguacate 
 
 La Uni6n 1 Puntarenas . . ! Bank of river Seco . 
 
 La Minita | Alajuela ', Mount of Aguacate 
 
 Mina de los Castro ....... .do ! Corralillo 
 
 San Rafael , . . .do do 
 
 Mina de los Oreamuno.j. . . .do ,. . . .do 
 
 Quebrada-Honda .do 1 Ouebrada- Honda 
 
 Machuca |. . . .do ! Corralillo 
 
 Trinidad del Aguacate . 1 .... do \. . . . do 
 
 Pena Grande 
 
 Mina de Acosta .... 
 
 L,as Concavas 
 
 Palmares 
 
 San Ram6n. 
 
 ...do 
 
 Cartago 
 
 San Ramon. 
 
 Hill of San Ramon 
 
 Banks of river Jesus 
 
 Banks of river Agua-caliente. 
 Cordillera of Aguacate 
 
 Mancuerna Sardinal Sardinal Coast . 
 
 Mata-Palo L . . .do j do 
 
 Puerta de Palacio '. . . .do . .do 
 
 Hoja Chiques .do .do 
 
 Chapernal 1 .... do do 
 
 Gold and silver. 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do, 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 Copper. 
 Gold,silver,and 
 
 lead. 
 Copper 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 
 Great efforts have been made in gold mining in the Ciruelitas 
 districts ever since 1888. These mines are 18 miles north of the 
 ■port ot Puntarenas, and are situated at an altitude varying from 
 1,500 to 2,000 feet above the level of the sea. The climate is 
 salubrious, water and timber are abundant, and the roads are in good 
 condition. The proximity to the sea dispenses with the necessity 
 of having only high-grade quartz gold. 
 
 Mr. Beckfbrd Mackey, United States consul at Jose, Costa Rica, 
 in an interesting report, dated April 13, 1891, on the mines and 
 mining laws of that country, expresses himself as follows : 
 
 The Andean spur of the Pacific is the mining region of Costa Rica. Min- 
 ing has not as yet had a fair chance in this country, as prior to a very recent 
 date the methods in vogue were of the crudest and most unscientific description. 
 Within the last four years several English companies have embarked their capi- 
 tal in Costa Rican mines. The prospect is reported to be encouraging. The 
 mines of Mount Aguacate have been vsrorked by various companies during a 
 
26 COSTA RICA. 
 
 period extending over many years, and have yielded almost all the gold that 
 this country has produced. The Trinidad and the Tres Hermanos are owned 
 by English companies. There is a 20-stamp mill at La Uni6n, and another at 
 Los Tres Hermanos. La Trinidad has a 40-stamp mill. 
 
 The mining laws of the Republic are the same old Spanish 
 ordinances, more or less changed in the year 1830. The code is. 
 diffuse, verbose, technical, and so obscure as to be at times scarcely 
 intelligible. A considerable portion of the laws is obsolete. The 
 policy of the Government is exceedingly favorable to the mining 
 industry, as it is indeed to every enterprise of public utility, and 
 foreigners are in every respect allowed the same privileges as citi- 
 zens of the country. No permission or license from the Govern- 
 ment is required to work a mine; but denouncement is necessary 
 to obtain a perfect title. The first denouncer acquires the owner- 
 ship of the mine. Mines may be denounced either on public or 
 private lands by any person whatever. When a mine is situated 
 on private lands the denouncer will have to indemnify the land 
 owner for the damages caused to his property, as assessed by experts 
 appointed by the parties. The legal extent of a mining claim is 
 200 varas* in length by 100 in breadth. If the mine is situated in 
 a region where no others had been discovered before, the discoverer 
 will be allowed to denounce three claims on the main vein and 
 one claim on every minor vein. In all other cases no person is 
 entitled to more than one claim, and what is called the "contin- 
 uation" thereof, that is, the right to follow the vein through one 
 additional contiguous claim. Mines abandoned for one year be- 
 come vacant and are again denounceable. The denouncement of 
 all mines is to be made by written memorial addressed to the judge,, 
 called " de lo Contencioso Administrativo," who has jurisdiction in 
 cases in which the Government is interested as a party to the trans- 
 action. This memorial shall set forth the name, residence, place of 
 birth, and occupation of the denouncer, and shall contain as minute a 
 
 *One vara is about 33 inches. 
 
COSTA RICA. 1J 
 
 description of the locality in which the mine is situated, and of all 
 its distinctive nnarks and signs, as is required to perfectly identify 
 the claim denounced. A notice of the denouncement must be pub- 
 lished three times in the official gazette, and all persons interested 
 summoned to appear and set forth their objections, if they have any. 
 If no contestant appears, the denouncer is given sixty days time 
 to sink a shaft on the mine at least lo varas deep, so as to en- 
 able the Government engineer to do as explained hereafter. As soon 
 as the sixty days are over the judge will appoint an engineer, wha 
 will go to the place and measure, examine, and draw a plan of the 
 mine. If no difficulty arises, the denouncement is then complete. 
 The only expenses attendant on this process are the fee and ex- 
 penses of the engineer. 
 
 Mining machinery is admitted without the payment of custom 
 duties. There is no Government or municipal tax levied on mines. 
 The law makes no distinction between the mines of precious and 
 the other metals. 
 
Chapter VI, 
 
 THE FORESTS OF COSTA RICA. 
 
 Costa Rica, like all the other countries of Central and South 
 America, has in her forests incalculable wealth, but up to the pres- 
 ent time, and owing to various reasons, among which the sparseness 
 of population and the ever-increasing demands ot the coffee indus- 
 try are prominent, but little attention has been given, and only 
 in the localities near the sea, to this great element of prosperity. 
 
 The Costa Rican forests abound in mahogany, cedar, rosewood, 
 lignum-vit;£, granadillo, and many other precious woods suitable 
 for cabinet-making and building purposes. In recent times dye- 
 woods have decreased in value, owing to the low price of mineral 
 colors. But there are trees of this class in Costa Rica which, if 
 properly cultivated, would amply pay for the efforts made. Prom- 
 inent among these are the annotto, much in use for coloring but- 
 ter, cheese, and all kinds of food; the curcuma (a root similar in 
 appearance to ginger); the indigo, and the famous Brazil wood. 
 The indigo of Central America is of a superior qualitv and brings 
 a high price in all markets. The native industry utilizes the 
 coloring properties of a great number of other plants which have 
 no commercial value. 
 
 "Medicinal plants also abound in all parts of the country. Among 
 them mention may be made of the castor bean, the croton, the 
 cassia, the sarsaparilla, the ipecacuanha, the ginger, the rhubarb, 
 the tamarind, the licorice, and a host of others, which might well 
 attract the attention of botanists and chemists. The trees called 
 28 
 
Bread Fruit Tree. 
 
COSTA RICA. 29 
 
 quinquinas falsas contain in their bark abundant quantities of 
 quinine. 
 
 The india rubber gathered in the Costa Rica forests is obtained 
 from the Castilloa dastica. In former times the method of gather- 
 ing the rubber frequently resulted in the complete destruction of 
 the tree. But the Government has taken the matter in hand, and 
 by granting premiums to the planters, and other adequate meas- 
 ures, has succeeded in securing a great improvement. 
 
 There are also a vast number ot resinous plants. Several species 
 of quiehrahacha produce a gum similar to gum arable. The copal 
 resin is abundant everywhere in the lowlands of the north, and on 
 the Pacific coast various species ot the myroxylum plant, which 
 yields the well-known balsam of Peru and Tolu, have been found 
 recently in large quantities. This brief review of the forestal 
 wealth of Costa Rica, sufficient to show what a vast field for for- 
 eign enterprise, intelligence, and capital is found there in this line, 
 will be aptly supplemented by an interesting report of Mr. John 
 Schroeder, United States consul at San Jose, dated March 28, 
 1885, which reads as follows: 
 
 Augmented trade between manufacturing countries seeking markets for their 
 overproduction, and countries whose income principally depends upon the sale 
 of the natural products of their soil, can only take place when these primitive 
 products find reciprocal customers. 
 
 As the consumption of the Central and South American hard-wood materials is 
 yearly increasing, and these countries are in steady need of American goods, it is 
 timely to call the attention to the magnificent hard woods of Costa Rica, especially 
 in the San Carlos and adjoining valleys. Undoubtedly equally good timber regions 
 exist in other States, for instance in Bluefield Valley, Nicaragua, but this and 
 other territories lie outside my consular district, and I shall therefore here only 
 make a statement of the San Carlos timber region. 
 
 The first condition for successful export of logs and lumber, if not always an 
 easy, is a feasible transportation from the woods to the shipping place. Through 
 the northern part of Costa Rica a number of rivers run from the Andes in a 
 northerly direction and empty into Lake Nicaragua, and Rio San Juan del 
 Norte whose water, through the deep channel of the Rio Colorado, empties 
 
3° 
 
 COSTA RICA. 
 
 into the Atlantic. The whole territory from the foot of the Andes to the Rio 
 San Juan forms a sloping level, without intervening mountain ranges between 
 the more or less parallel-flowing rivers. 
 
 From its principal river this territory is generally named San Carlos Valley. 
 The whole valley is covered with hard woods, counting more than thirty differ- 
 ent sorts. 
 
 With exception of the Guatusos, an Indian tribe 800 strong, and a few settlers 
 in and near the Andes Mountains, this territory is unpopulated. Still its tim- 
 ber has not been untouched, as thievish bands, often to the number of several 
 hundred, for scores of years have scoured the San Carlos Valley, destroying 
 nearly all the valley rubber trees and shipping to Greytown materials of hard 
 wood growing near the river banks. The damage done foots up to millions of 
 ■dollars, but there is nevertheless an almost incalculable amount of first-class 
 hard wood left, as the depredators have not operated with regular lumber camps 
 and machines. 
 
 San Carlos Valley, with surrounding territory, contains about one-sixteenth 
 part of the whole of Costa Rica, or about z,ooo English square miles, equal to 
 1,280,000 acres, and by an estimate of 1,000 cubic feet hard wood per acre the 
 above number of acres will give 1,280,000,000 cubic feet. In lumber yards at 
 New Orleans or New York this would sell at 75 cents per cubic foot, making 
 the total value of the product equal to $960,000,000. 
 
 The outlet for this timber is independent of the Nicaraguan or any other 
 •canal schemes. Nature has already formed the necessary canal for steamers 
 and vessels. The Heredia for instance, a flat-bottomed iron steamer of 290 
 tons burden, plying between New Orleans and Limon, can, from the Atlantic, 
 through the Colorado, San Juan, and San Carlos Rivers, go into the very heart 
 of the timber region. The distances and depth of these canal rivers are as fol- 
 lows : 
 
 The channel in the bar leading from the Atlantic or Caribbean Sea along the 
 left bank, from 20 to 30 feet. The harbor formed by the river Colorado, 60 
 feet deep. The river Colorado, 60 feet deep and 12 English miles long from 
 the Atlantic to the point east where the same stream is called the river San Juan. 
 
 San Juan River, from the Colorado to the river San Carlos, has in the dry 
 season 1 2 feet and in the wet season 24 feet of water. Distance from the upper 
 end of the Colorado to the mouth of the San Carlos River, 51 miles. At the 
 mouth of the San Carlos River the water has also, according to seasons, from 12 
 to 24 feet depth. Distance from mouth of the San Carlos due south to the first 
 rapids, 62 miles, and its water during the dry season 6 feet deep. 
 
 The dry season in San Carlos Valley includes February, March, April, May, 
 -and the first part of June. 
 
COSTA RICA. 31 
 
 All sorts of transports, flats, tugs, and flat-bottomed salt-water steamers can^ 
 •consequently, move from the ocean to the Upper San Carlos, a distance of 125 
 English miles. The current running from Nicaragua Lake, San Juan proper, 
 ■carries considerably less water until it reaches San Carlos River. The small 
 ocean steamer Heredia got stuck in this part of San Juan River about two years 
 ago during the dry season, but regular flats can pass at any season. The above 
 ■statements may prove the existence of a natural and feasible canal outlet and 
 shipping place for logs and lumber grown in San Carlos Valley. 
 
 This report will not treat of the fertility of the soil and the vegetation. It 
 ■will state nothing in regard to crops that can be successfully grown, but will 
 only give figures in regard to crops that are already ripe for harvesting, namely, 
 the timber in this vallev. Suppose a party or company with limited capital in- 
 vested in lumber operations and trade, the enterprise would probably give the 
 following practical result. One man chops and prepares per day 30 cubic feet. 
 
 Expenses for a gdiii:; of 12 nien^ frei'^ht, sale, eU'. 
 
 10 choppers, at $1.50 per day $15. 00 
 
 2 scalers and sawyei;s, at $2. 50 per day 5. 00 
 
 ■Tools and repairs per day 3- 00 
 
 Stationery (no export duty) .30 
 
 Freight, etc., hauling and rafting, at 12 cents per cubic foot 36. 00 
 
 Freight persteamer to New Orleans or New York, at 15 cents per cubic foot. 45. 00 
 
 Insurance of 300 cubic feet per day .20 
 
 Handling in New York or New Orleans 10. 00 
 
 Defects or losses by transport or handlings 10. 00 
 
 Sale commission 10 per cent of $225 22. 00 
 
 Total expenses 146, 50 
 
 300 cubic feet, sold at 75 cents per foot 225. 00 
 
 Total expenses 146- 5o 
 
 Profit on 300 cubic feet 78. 5° 
 
 Or 26 cents per cubic foot. 
 
 Calculating 9 months, at 26 working days per month, for actual oper.itions in 
 the timber (the remaining months being rain months) the expenses in round 
 numbers would reach 36,000 
 
 Income by sale during one year, nine months' produce 52, 650 
 
 Yearly profits 16, 650 
 
 (United States Consular Reports, Vol. XVI, No. 53, p. 122.) 
 
Chapter VII. 
 
 AGRICULTURAL AND OTHER RESOURCES.* 
 
 Coffee was first planted in Costa Rica in the year 1796, from 
 seed brought from Havana by Francisco Xavier Navarro, dur- 
 ing the administration of the Spanish governor, Don Jose Vas- 
 quez y Tellez. The first grains were planted at Cartago, where 
 the original trees, from which all the coffee of Costa Rica, and 
 even of Central America, has been derived, can yet be seen, it is 
 said, in a flourishing condition. The development of the valuable 
 industry was largely due to the efforts of a Catholic priest. Father 
 Velarde, who lived during the administration of the Spanish gov- 
 ernor, Don Tomas Acosta (1797-1810). Since the independ- 
 ence it has been the unbroken policy of the Government to favor 
 coffee production. Don Juan Mora, the first President of Costa 
 Rica (1824-1833), exempted coffee from export duties and 
 granted special privileges to its cultivators. President Carrillo, in 
 1840, caused model coffee plantations to be established, and Presi- 
 dent Don Juan Rafael Mora (1849-1859), by constructing many im- 
 portant roads, especially the wagon road leading to Puntarenas, 
 
 *Most of the information contained in tliis chapter has been talien from the valuable 
 report of Mr. J. Richard Wingfield, United States consul at San Jos6, dated October 
 18, 1887, who quoted literally the preceding part from one of Senor Calvo's works. 
 Due attention has also been paid to the book of Mr. Biolley, and the Anuario estadis- 
 tico de Costa Rica for 1890. 
 32 
 
Coffee Berry. 
 
COSTA RICA. 3'> 
 
 vastly contributed to the development of this important branch of 
 agriculture and commerce. Notwithstanding the war against 
 Walker, and the cholera which followed that war and decimated 
 the population of Costa Rica, the exportation of coffee reached, in 
 1861, 100,000 quintals.* The prices paid ever since for Costa 
 Rican coffee, especially in England, have caused almost all other 
 branches of agriculture to be abandoned, and in 1884 360,000 
 quintals of coffee were exported. 
 
 For starting a coffee plantation, if the farmer makes his own 
 nursery, as is generally the case, the seeds must be planted in May, 
 so as to be ready for setting out also in May on the following year. 
 Two years afterwards there will be a sprinkling of coffee and at 
 the end of three years there will be a fair crop. The yield will 
 continue to increase each year until the grove is seven years of age, 
 when a full crop is produced. In setting out groves the trees are 
 spaced from 10 to 15 feet each way, making as an average 500 
 trees to the acre. The coffee is a delicate plant, and needs protec- 
 tion from wind and sun. To this end bananas and a quick-growing, 
 wide-branching tree called poro bianco are planted. The latter 
 is also planted in close hedges around the field. The first year 
 small crops, such as potatoes and beans, between the rows, are not 
 considered injurious. Where the land is very fertile the young 
 tree is topped when one year old, and two branches allowed to put 
 out, which are topped at the end of the second year, and each 
 allowed to throw out two branches. This topping is to prevent 
 the trees from growing so tall as to make it inconvenient to gather 
 the fruit ; but it is not practiced so much now as it was formerly. 
 After the plantation begins to bear from five to six weedings are 
 needed each year. This is done altogether by hand labor, and the 
 culture must be very shallow. Immediately before the coffee-picking 
 season, a laborer provided with a sharp wide spade, and going not 
 more than an inch deep, turns over the land, throwing it from the 
 
 * One quintal is equivalent to lOO pounds. 
 
24 COSTA RICA. 
 
 middle of the row towards the trees. This process, called " aporcar," 
 gives a smooth clean surface around the trees, so that all coffee 
 dropped in picking may be saved. Near the close of the dry sea- 
 son, which lasts from December to April, the second labor, which 
 consists in scraping the soil with long knives, is carefully performed. 
 This process, called " raspar," is repeated at intervals of six weeks 
 to two months. An incidental benefit of this operation is that 
 the grass and leaves are collected in a heap in the middle of the 
 row, where they rot and make good manure. The annual cost 
 per acre of working a coffee plantation varies in different localities, 
 according to the nature of the soil, but the average may be stated 
 at $6. 
 
 Taking a series of years the average annual yield of the coffee 
 plantations of Costa Rica may be placed at 25 quintals per acre. 
 Statistics collected at the taking of the census in 1 890 show that 
 at that time there were 8,130 coffee plantations, with 26,558,251 
 coffee trees. The crop was 333,632 quintals. Coffee is grown 
 successfully in Costa Rica between the limits of 2,500 and 5,000 
 feet elevation above the sea level, but at about 4,000 feet elevation 
 the best results are obtained. The statistics of the crop of 1889-90 
 sustain this view. 
 
 Provinces. 
 
 San Jos6 
 Alajuela. , 
 Cartago . 
 Heredia. . 
 
 Total 
 
 Elevation. 
 
 Feet. 
 
 3, 800 
 
 2, 500 
 
 5, 000 
 
 3, 000 to 4, 000 
 
 Number of 
 estates. 
 
 2,777 
 
 1,877 
 
 974 
 
 2,052 
 
 7,680 
 
 Number of 
 trees. 
 
 17, 798, 105 
 5, 721, 776 
 2, 999, 266 
 
 7, 039, 104 
 
 26,558,251 
 
 Crop yield. 
 
 Quintals. 
 
 141, igo 
 
 72, 878 
 
 30, 419 
 
 89, 145 
 
 333. 632 
 
 In the province of Heredia there are two sections, one called 
 Lower Heredia, about 3,000 feet high, which does not yield much 
 better crops than Alajuela; but the other, called Upper Heredia, 
 about 4,000 feet high, gives better crops than San Jose. It is 
 
o 
 
 o 
 
COSTA RICA. 3^ 
 
 claimed that while Cartago does not yield so much coffee per acre 
 as Heredia and San Jose, the flavor and quality of its berry 
 are better. In the provinces of Heredia, Alajuela and San Jose, 
 almost all the lands well suited for coffee-growing have already been 
 brought into cultivation ; but between Cartago and the Reventa- 
 zon Valley, on the Atlantic side, there are vast lands, said to be 
 better adapted for the growth of coffee than even those of Heredia 
 and San Jose. 
 
 The price of coffee continues to rise every year. In 1884 it was 
 $10 per quintal; in 1885, $12.50; in 1887, $18, and lately $20 
 and $22. This is due, not only to the recognized excellence of 
 the product, but also to the increase of consumption and the con- 
 siderable decrease of the crops in Brazil during the last years. 
 
 The preparation of coffee for the market constitutes the princi- 
 pal industry of the country, and the establishments where this work 
 is accomplished usually consist of a series of buildings for the 
 various processes through which the grain has to pass before becom- 
 ing marketable. The preparation of coffee, as practiced in Costa 
 Rica, consists of the following operations : 
 
 (1) The coffee berries are ground lightly, and washed in run- 
 ning water, in tanks, where the fermentation begins. This grind- 
 ing frees the berry from a portion of its pericarp, and the washing 
 takes away the pulpy portion which otherwise would adhere tena- 
 ciously to the bean and render its immediate desiccation difficult. 
 The grinding is not always done, but the fermentation process is 
 absolutely necessary to obtain what is called washed coffee. 
 
 (2) After the coffee berries are freed from the pulp and removed 
 from the tank they are spread out in the open air in great patios, 
 or court yards, and left there exposed to the sun until the grains 
 are dry. This drying operation is the most important of all, and 
 so a rainy summer is considered as one of the direst calamities 
 which can befall the country. Drying machines have lately been 
 introduced, to replace the action of the sun in unfavorable seasons ; 
 but this manner of curing is too expensive. 
 
36 COSTA RICA. 
 
 (3) When the coffee is removed from the patios the grains will 
 be either hidden in the dry pericarp, if the berries were not ground 
 at the beginning, or covered with a horny substance if they were 
 ground. In either case the coverings must be broken, and this is 
 done by means of a mill properly constructed for the purpose, 
 formerly moved by oxen, but now by hydraulic power. 
 
 (4) Before the coffee is ready to be sent to the market it has still 
 to undergo another operation. It must be freed from the fine skin 
 which covers each grain; and this is done by means of a very 
 simple machine, composed of two cylinders of rough surface 
 moving in opposite directions. 
 
 (5) The coffee thus prepared must then be sorted; the grains 
 are to be arranged according to their size and quality, and the 
 broken or damaged ones are to be removed. This sorting is done 
 either by machine or by hand; in the latter case women and chil- 
 dren are employed. 
 
 BANANAS. 
 
 In Bulletin No. 1 of the Bureau of the American Republics a 
 very important paper was published, under the title of "The Trade 
 in Fruits and Nuts; Where Bananas come from, and how they are 
 Produced," which was prepared by Mr. Richard Villafranca, for- 
 merly the consul of Costa Rica in San Francisco, Cal., and one 
 of the secretaries of the delegation of Honduras in the Interna- 
 tional Arnerican Congress, who is fully equipped to speak authori- 
 tatively on the subject. It appears from that paper that the im- 
 portation of bananas in the United States has been constantly in- 
 creasing; and that, after the British West Indies and Cuba and 
 Honduras, Costa Rica is the country which furnishes the United 
 States with this fruit. 
 
 But, as shown by the Anuario Estadistico of Costa Rica for 
 1890, the United States is not the only country to which she sends 
 bananas, nor the country which buys them from her in the largest 
 
o 
 
 o 
 
COSTA RICA. 37 
 
 quantity. The returns of the Puerto Limon custom-house show 
 that 1,034,765 bunches of bananas were exported during the year 
 1 890, and that their value there was $622,67 1 . But, as each bunch 
 is sold in the United States sometimes at $3 and never at less than 
 $1, the value here was from $1,034,765 to $3,104,295. 
 
 The first cargo of bananas ever sent from Costa Rica to the 
 United States was shipped on board the steamer Earnholm, which 
 on the 7th of February, 1880, left Limon for New York. This 
 cargo consisted of no more than 360 bunches. Before that time 
 the banana trees were thought of only as proper plants to be used 
 in the coffee estates, both for shading the young coffee trees and 
 for protecting the coffee berries, before ripening, against the wind. 
 The banana itself was either used to feed the pigs or allowed to 
 go to absolute waste. Four years later, in 1884, there were 350 
 banana estates with 570,000 trees, and the bunches exported were 
 425,000. Subsequently, and owing to the establishment of fruit 
 companies which fitted out steamers and built a trade of this kind 
 between the United States and the countries on the Gulf of Mex- 
 ico and the Caribbean Sea, bananas became valuable as an article 
 of commerce, and plantations were started in great number, espe- 
 cially on the banks of the rivers and other localities of easy access. 
 
 The lands better suited for this purpose are those rich in alluvial 
 deposits, consisting chiefly of blue clay, with a considerable quan- 
 tity of decomposed vegetable matter and some common salt. On 
 the largest, richest, and best organized banana estates the trees are 
 planted from 1 2 to 1 5 feet apart, in cuadros, or square areas of dif- 
 ferent extent. The banana tree grows best in the localities where 
 the rain is abundant or water is plentifully supplied by other 
 means. It is generally at the end of nine months that the plants 
 mature, and after that time the fruit can be gathered every week 
 in the year, provided the plantation has been well kept and has 
 had a good start. The bunch of fruit consists of from 4 to 1 2 of 
 what are termed "hands," each hand having 8 to 12 bananas on it. 
 
^8 COSTA RICA. 
 
 A bunch of 8 hands or clusters is counted a full bunch, while 
 those that have from 5 to 7 are taken as a half bunch. Bunches 
 with less than 5 hands are styled third class, the others respectively- 
 first class and second class. From the root of this tree several 
 shoots or suckers sprout, each of which in turn becomes a tree and 
 bears a bunch of bananas, or may be transplanted. 
 
 The manner in which the banana is cultivated requires very 
 little skill or labor, nature doing almost all the work. The first 
 cost of planting an acre of land is from $50 to $60, and the prod- 
 uct is from 600 to 800 bunches to the acre, which makes a cost 
 of about 7 to 8 cents per bunch, and they are sold at the planta- 
 tations to the American fruit companies for from 50 to 60 cents, 
 American gold. They in turn sell them in this country for from 
 $ 1 to $3 per bunch. 
 
 It is calculated that a vessel of 1,000 tons can carry a cargo of 
 20,000 bunches. The loss, during the voyage, rarely exceeds 15 
 per cent. Therefore, if the balance is sold, even at the low price 
 of $ 1 per bunch, the net profit in one trip on the cargo of bananas 
 only, without calculating what could be yielded by the carrying of 
 passengers and mails, would be no less than $7,000. 
 
 The loss of 15 per cent., above referred to, could be greatly 
 diminished by establishing better means of transportation. The 
 bananas intended for exportation must be cut green and stowed 
 in the vessel in such a way as to permit the air to circulate freely 
 and prevent the rays of the sun from falling on the fruit and ripen- 
 ing it before reaching its destination. Any slight bruise on the 
 skin of a banana, although apparently insignificant at first, develops 
 in the ripe fruit into a black spot, which tends to lessen the value 
 of the fruit in the market. It is generally the case that the fruit 
 finds ready purchasers at the plantations, and that those purchasers 
 take it to their own vessels and transport it to the United States 
 on their own account, sharing the risks with the insurance com- 
 panies. 
 
COSTA RICA. Qg 
 
 To better illustrate this profitable business, an estimate of the 
 expenses and probable yieldings of a plantation of 69 acres (40 
 manzanas), taking into consideration all the difficulties to be over- 
 come, such as bad roads, scarcity of labor, high prices of seed, etc., 
 was made by Mr. Richard Villafranca, and submitted to the su- 
 perintendent of the Costa Rica Railroad. His approval having 
 been obtained, the said estimate was published in Bulletin No. 1, 
 above cited, in the following terms : 
 
 Expenses of planting a manzana of laniK^.yzi^ acres) first year. 
 
 (i) Cutting down the underbrush, burning, and clearing $35. 00 
 
 (2) Price of 270 suckers, at $25 per thousand 6. 75 
 
 Five weed clearings, at $7 each 35-00 
 
 Total cost for the first year 76. 75 
 
 Expenses made on 40 manzanas (69 acres') of land according to the foregoing estimate. 
 
 Clearing, planting, etc., on 40 manzanas, at $76.75 each $3, 070. 00 
 
 Board and other expenses of an overseer for 12 months, at $30 a month .... 360. 00 
 
 (3) Interest on $3,430 in 12 months, at 6 per cent a year 205. 80 
 
 Total cost for the first year 3, 635. 80 
 
 Board and other expenses of an overseer for 12 months 360. 00 
 
 Four weed clearings, at $280 each i, 120. 00 
 
 Cutting down 54,000 bunches, at 2% cents each i, 350. 00 
 
 Cost of a portable house i, 000. 00 
 
 Plows and other agricultural implements 500. 00 
 
 Interest on $7,965.80, at 6 per cent ayear 477. 95 
 
 Total cost at the end of second year $8, 443. 75 
 
 Income derived from the above plantation 
 
 40 manzanas, with 270 suckers each, equal to 10,800 suckers ; 10,800 suck- 
 ers, )rielding 5 bunches each, equal to 54,000 bunches ; 54,000 bunches, sold 
 at 50 cents each $27, 000. 00 
 
 Deducting expenses in the two years 8, 443. 75 
 
 Leaves a net profit at the end of the second year of $iS, 556. 25 
 
 The cost of $76.75 per manzana is incurred only when the land 
 is to be cleared, burned, etc., before planting; but it would only 
 
40 COSTA RICA. 
 
 amount to $60 or $65 if the planting is done first and the clear- 
 ing after. 
 
 The best results are obtained when the trees are planted 1 8 feet 
 apart; 270 suckers are required for each manzana. 
 
 The plantation to which this estimate refers is supposed to be 
 started by a person who, having money enough to buy the land, is 
 compelled to mortgage his property to raise funds to improve it. 
 Therefore it is calculated that he is paying an interest of 6 per cent 
 a year. 
 
 The weed clearings of the second year are neither frequent nor 
 expensive, as the banana plant is fully developed and the shad- 
 ing of it stops to some extent the growth of the weed. 
 
 The cost of ly^ cents for cutting each bunch is greatly exagger- 
 ated, as a man can easily cut down a bunch in less than half a min- 
 ute; but giving the laborers, who usually work ten hours a day 
 ample time to rest, smoke, and take their meals, it has been sup- 
 posed that they only cut down one bunch every fifteen minutes, 
 or 40 per day, for which work they get $ l . Thus the cutting ot 
 one bunch costs 1% cents. 
 
 The amount of $ 18,556.25 represents the clear profits made at the 
 end of the second year. In this estimate are not included either 
 the profits derived from sale of bananas between the tenth and the 
 twenty-fourth months, or from the raising of other fruits, such as 
 lemons, limes, pineapples, cocoanuts, oranges, maranones, cocoa, 
 etc., all of which hardly necessitate any extra expense to be kept 
 in good condition, and give the most flattering results. 
 
 OTHER AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIONS. 
 
 Independently of coffee and bananas Costa Rica could be rich 
 and prosperous by properly developing her other agricultural 
 resources. Agriculture, says Senior Calvo, is called by nature to 
 operate a transformation in the country. Whoever casts a glance 
 upon the map observes the position which Costa Rica occupies in 
 
Shipping Bananas. 
 
COSTA RICA. 41 
 
 the center of the world, and forms an idea both of the exuberant 
 vegetation of her immense territory, which is still to a great ex- 
 tent uncultivated, and of the variety of her natural productions, 
 will understand at once that the foundation of the brilliant future 
 which awaits her chiefly consists in agriculture. " Whether the 
 commerce of the world," Senor Calvo says, "continues to bestow 
 its favor upon the Costa Rican coffee, or whether the Costa Rican 
 coffee is doomed to be replaced by some other, the productive ca- 
 pacity of the Costa Rican soil will always be so wonderful as to 
 cause the Republic to rank again among the most privileged na- 
 tions of the world." Sugar cane, tobacco, cocoa, the textile plants, 
 and many other agricultural productions will come to take the place 
 now exclusively occupied by almost impenetrable forests and bar- 
 ren lands. 
 
 The sugar cane grows luxuriantly in several localities of the 
 Republic, and promises to be as great a source of wealth for Costa 
 Rica as it has been for other countries. According to the Anuario 
 Estadistico for 1890 the production of sugar during that year was 
 as follows: Sugar, 639,086 kilos; dulce, 6,95'9,6o8 kilos. 
 
 They call sugar the white article after it has been deprived of 
 the molasses, and dulce the more or less brown unrefined sugar. 
 The same Anuario estimates at $1,5' 12,960 the value of the crop 
 of 1890. 
 
 Reciprocal commercial arrangements with the United States, 
 which, according to all indications, Costa Rica is ready to make, by 
 which sugar of all kinds and descriptions would be admitted free 
 into the United States, would no doubt operate as a powerful 
 stimulus and raise the sugar industry in Costa Rica to a prominent 
 station. Up to the present moment there are no more than 7.538 
 manzanas of land * devoted to the cultivation of the sugar cane. 
 
 Cocoa is cultivated on both the Atlantic and the Pacific 
 coasts, and in the valley of San Carlos. It is in general of 
 
 *One manzana is equivalent to 10,000 square varas, the vara being 2,742 feet. 
 
42 COSTA RICA. 
 
 excellent quality ; but that of Matina, in the comarca of Limon, has 
 a great reputation, and advantageously competes with the cele- 
 brated Soconusco cocoa. It sells from 60 to 75 cents per pound 
 at the localities where it is raised. With a view to encourage the 
 cultivation of this tree the Government has granted premiums 
 varying from $2,000 to $5,500 to those who, with success, will 
 engage in this business. The Anuario Estadlstico for 1890 gives 
 the following information: number of cocoa plantations, 183; 
 number of cocoa trees, 56,748 ; cocoa crop 3, 1 29 quintals ; value 
 of crop, $156,450. 
 
 In 1737, when Costa Rica had only a population of 24,000 in- 
 habitants, there were 273,138 cocoa trees at Matina. This culti- 
 vation decreased in proportion to the increase of the attention paid 
 to coffee industry. 
 
 The Costa Rican tobacco is generally strong and very aromatic. 
 It was formerly cultivated extensively, and constituted an impor- 
 tant branch of commerce. It appears from Senor Calvo's book, that 
 in 1771, and many years thereafter, Costa Rican tobacco was ex- 
 ported to Mexico. The amount exported in 1771 was 302,161 
 pounds. Subsequently to that date the cultivation of tobacco de- 
 clined, owing to the more remunerative character of the cultiva- 
 tion of coffee, and to other causes. The tobacco industry in Costa 
 Rica is monopolized by the Government, as is the case in Spain 
 and in other countries and the crop produced throughout the 
 country must be disposed of to the agents of the Government. 
 However, any one may engage in the manufacture of cigars and 
 cigarettes, and even in the cultivation of the tobacco in certain 
 localities, on condition that the crop has to be either sold to the 
 Government or exported. The report of the Costa Rican secre- 
 tary of the treasury for 1890, shows that this monopoly furnished 
 the Government in 1888-89 ^ revenue of $558,139.08, and 
 $597,844.94 in i890-'9i. 
 
 Recently a concession has been granted to some private 
 
> 
 
 CO 
 
 o 
 
COSTA RICA. ^^ 
 
 individuals for the purpose of bringing to Guanacaste, on the 
 Pacific side of the RepubUc, a Cuban colony of tobacco farmers, 
 who will probably as other Cuban colonies have done in this very 
 same line in Mexico and Paraguay, build there a large trade. 
 
 Corn in Costa Rica, as everywhere else in America, is one of 
 the principal articles of food for the people. The crop in 1890 
 amounted to 22,979,744 liters. Wheat, which formerly was cul- 
 tivated in a vast scale, can scarcely be seen, except in the provinces 
 of Heredia and Alajuela, where it is raised in small quantities. 
 The comparatively cheap prices of the American flour and the 
 increasing demands of the coffee trade have united in discourag- 
 ing the cultivation of wheat. Beans are also a very important 
 factor in the sustenance of the people. The crop of 1890 was 
 3,294,160 liters. 
 
 Cotton has been raised in Costa Rica since the early days of 
 the discovery. The natives used to spin it, and in colonial times 
 there were mills, especially at Cartago, where very good cloth was 
 made. It grows well in many localities, but the demands of the 
 coffee industry, as well as foreign competition, have caused its cul- 
 tivation to be continued only on a very small scale. Among the 
 other textile plants which might be made the subject of flourish- 
 ing industries are the junco (rush), the linaza (flax), the maguey 
 (agave), the pifia (pine apple), the pinuela (a variety of the pine 
 apple), the pochote (cedrela pachira), the soncoUo (anona muri- 
 cata), and others. Ramie is raised in the country with little ex- 
 pense and no difficulty, and will no doubt make in a short time 
 a valuable branch of national production. 
 
 Besides indigo and other useful plants which at present have no 
 great commercial importance, the yuca, or sweet manioc, and other 
 farinaceous roots should be mentioned. The yuca is very useful, 
 from an industrial point of view on account of the starch which is 
 made out of it. The iiame (yam) and the sweet potato are usu- 
 ally cultivated near the coasts, but they thrive also very well on 
 the plateaus. 
 
44 COSTA RICA. 
 
 The papa (potato) is cultivated principally in the province of 
 Cartago, at the base of the Irazu volcano. Its production is large 
 and its quality excellent. The high price paid in the market for 
 potatoes renders their cultivation profitable. In 1890, 1,412,458 
 liters of potatoes were gathered, out of which 1,382,695 came from 
 the province of Cartago. Potato cultivation will soon assume 
 greater importance because the Reventazon branch of the railroad 
 is now completed, and potatoes can be made an object of com- 
 merce with Colombia and other States which need to import 
 them. 
 
 \"anilla grows wild in the virgin forests of the hot lands. 
 
 The edible fruits are not objects of special culture in the coun- 
 try. Everywhere in the plantations, oranges, limes, peaches, figs, 
 quinces, pomegranates, etc., are found abundantly. All the fruits 
 of Europe thrive on the plateau. The indigenous tropical fruits 
 are the pineapple, aguacates, anones, zapotes, mangoes, and a host 
 of others of less importance. 
 
 CATTLE RAISING. 
 
 Cattle raising is an important industry in Costa Rica. The 
 country does not produce beef in sufficient quantities to meet the 
 necessities of its ever increasing population, and it has to be im- 
 ported both from Nicaragua and from Colombia. The Costa 
 Rican oxen as a rule are remarkable for their size and handsome 
 appearance. They possess great strength, and are admirably 
 adapted for labor. According to Biolley, the usual price of these 
 animals, from three to four years of age, imported from Nicaragua 
 or Colombia, varies from $30 to $40 a head, but a good team of 
 Costa Rican oxen can be sold for $ 1 70. The Government has 
 made of late many efforts to improve the breeds of cattle, and one 
 of the most efficient has been to reimburse the farmers what they 
 may expend in bringing well-bred animals from the United States 
 and Europe to their farms in Costa Rica. The Agricultural 
 
COSTA RICA. 
 
 45 
 
 School, which, as will be seen elsewhere, was established and is 
 supported by the Government, has done also a good deal to pro- 
 mote this industry. 
 
 The principal breeds so far introduced to improve the native 
 cattle are the Durham, Jersey, and Dutch. There are also a num- 
 ber of head of Swiss cattle of the Schuytz breed which have been 
 imported either directly from Europe or from the United States. 
 The price of an ordinary cow varies from $30 to $80. Young 
 animals of foreign breeds recently brought into the country bring 
 exceedingly high prices. For a bull of from one year to one year 
 and a half $300 and $400 also are often paid. The dairy indus- 
 try is as yet in its infancy. Excellent butter is made, nevertheless, 
 in some provinces, especially in Cartago. Hides are an article of 
 commerce of which the exports reach many thousands of dollars. 
 As yet horns, hoofs, and bones are not utilized. 
 
 The breeding of horses is progressing slowly. The horses of the 
 country are of no special character or breed, but they are strong 
 and useful for the mountain roads. An ordinary horse is worth 
 from $40 to $70. Good mules cost more, but pretty fair ones 
 may be found at prices varying from $60 to $80. 
 
 Sheep are very scarce and of a kind hardly worthy to be men- 
 tioned. A sheep is worth about $10. 
 
 The Anuario Estadistico for 1890 gives the number of cattle in 
 Costa Rica in each province as follows: 
 
 Provinces. 
 
 San Jos6 . . , 
 Alajuela . . . 
 Cartago . . . . 
 Heredia. . . . 
 ■Guanacaste 
 Puntarenas 
 Limon 
 
 Total 
 
 Horned 
 cattle. 
 
 48, 744 
 55,046 
 45,755 
 32, 830 
 122, 026 
 
 9,432 
 3, 082 
 
 316,925 
 
 Horses. Sheep. 
 
 15, 164 
 
 14, 205 
 
 8,786 
 
 5,274 
 
 22, 148 
 I, 623 
 
 238 
 
 67,438 
 
 1,456 
 
 126 
 
 564 
 
 42 
 
 260 
 
 2,448 
 
 Total. 
 
 65,364 
 69, 377 
 55,115 
 38, 146 
 144, 434 
 11,055 
 3,320 
 
 386,811 
 
46 
 
 COSTA RICA. 
 
 PEARL FISHING. 
 
 A natural production worthy in all respects to be mentioned 
 among the elements of wealth is the Costa Rica pearl. It abounds 
 on the Pacific coast of the Republic, especially in the vast gulf of 
 Nicoya, where many specimens have been obtained of such perfec- 
 tion and beauty as to secure the price of $1,000 apiece. One of 
 these gems was sold in London, not long ago, for ^800. Pearl 
 fishing is not allowed during a certain season, and in no case can 
 it be undertaken except with the permission of the government, 
 and on such conditions as it may deem to be advisable. At present 
 the industry is in the hands of a Mexican company under a con- 
 cession granted to it by the government for a limited time. 
 
 Another maritime production is a shellfish, also found on the 
 Pacific coast of Mexico, which secretes a viscid liquor of a purple 
 color (Buccinum lafillus) and is supposed to be the substance of 
 the famous Tyrian dye. 
 
 MANUrACTURING INDUSTRIES. 
 
 No great manufacturing industry exists as yet in Costa Rica. 
 The few factories which are found in the country give employment 
 only to a limited number of workingmen, and their products are 
 not sufficient for the country's needs. Agriculture occupies all the 
 hands and absorbs all the attention of the people. The flour 
 industry is represented by a single steam mill at San Jose belong- 
 ing to a foreign company. There are in all in the country two 
 or three starch factories and over one hundred brick yards. Clay is 
 abundant, and bricks are always in demand. The high price of 
 stone causes nearly all the buildings to be made of brick, and brick 
 making is therefore very profitable. 
 
 There are a number of tanning establishments producing ordi- 
 nary leather. This is used for the manufacture of saddles, alforjas 
 or saddle-bags, straps, and all kinds of harnesses. 
 
 There are also some soap factories which supply the trade with 
 
o 
 
 o 
 
 I 
 o 
 
 < 
 
 o 
 
COSTA RICA. 47 
 
 an article good only for laundry purposes, and some candle fac- 
 tories which also furnish candles of inferior quality. 
 
 Two foundries established at San Jose do great service, espe- 
 cially in the repairing line. 
 
 A cotton mill, established several years ago at Heredia, is fairly 
 successful. The ordinary cotton cloth which it makes can com- 
 pete with the imported. The Heredia factory gives special atten- 
 tion to the manufacture of rehozos or shawls of bright color, made 
 out of silk, which the women of the poorer classes use to cover 
 their shoulders when they are in the street, or wear in church over 
 their heads. 
 
 Other industries have been started in the country. Chocolate, 
 perfumery, ice, gaseous waters, beer, etc., are manufactured to some 
 extent, with machinery brought from Europe or the United States. 
 To encourage these industries the Government has exempted the 
 machinery imported from customs duties. 
 
 There is a Remington cartridge factory conducted by the Gov- 
 ernment, and it supplies the army with this necessary article. The 
 imported cartridges are soon affected by the moisture. 
 
 The various shops of the railroad company are well equipped 
 and do credit to the country. 
 
 Costa Rica offers the most encouraging inducements for the in- 
 troduction of new manufactures, or the improvement of those al- 
 ready established in the country. Her numerous rivers can furnish 
 all the power required. And as her population grows rapidly, and 
 with it the demands of manufactured goods which the neighbor- 
 ing republics can not, as a rule, supply, men with trades can be 
 sure to make there a good living. A good carpenter easily earns 
 $3 per day. A cabinet maker or an upholsterer would easily earn 
 twice as much; for, although a great deal of furniture is im- 
 ported, that which is made in the country with imperishable woods 
 has always the preference. Pastry cooks, pork butchers, tailors, 
 shoemakers, and bakers who went ten years ago to the country 
 
48 COSTA RICA. 
 
 without any capital are well off to-day. Good salaries and con- 
 stant work can be assured to good watchmakers, printers and book- 
 binders, stone-cutters, masons and house painters, blacksmiths, ma- 
 chinists, coppersmiths, saddlers, umbrella-makers — in short, to all 
 those possessing good practical knowledge and a determination to 
 persevere in any industry, great or small. 
 
 The Government has reserved for itself two monopolies, the sale 
 of tobacco and the manufacture of liquors. The cigar industry is 
 reduced at present to the manufacture of common cigarettes and 
 not very fine cigars, but has yielded to the Government, as stated 
 elsewhere, over half a million of dollars annually. 
 
 The manufacture of liquors is centered at San Jose in a large 
 establishment. The distillery apparatus is excellent and the prod- 
 ucts are usually of a fine quality. Besides the aguardiente, or pure 
 brandy, made out of the sugar cane, a kind of white brandy scented 
 with anise seed, and called anisado, is made also. The national 
 factory produces also some other liquors which are not largely con- 
 sumed. Foreign brandies and liquors can be and are imported in 
 the country, but very heavy duties are levied upon them. The 
 liquor monopoly gave the Government in 1890 no less than 
 $1,402,160. 
 
Chapter VIII. 
 
 •$1,773,877 
 . 1,780,156 
 • 2,255, 138 
 
 FOREIGN COMMERCE.* 
 
 The commerce between Costa Rica and the United States has 
 been constantly increasing since the visit to the former country of 
 the South American Commission in 1884. The following fig- 
 ures, from official Costa Rican sources, show the value of mer- 
 chandise from the United States imported into Costa Rica dur- 
 ing the last SIX years : 
 
 1885 $856,645 
 
 1886 1, 010, 490 
 
 1887 1, 440, 729 
 
 The rapid and uninterrupted increase proves on the one hand 
 the popularity which the goods of the United States enjoy in 
 Costa Rica, and on the other hand shows that it would be easy 
 for the United States to secure full control of that trade. Refer- 
 ring to this matter, the Report of the South American Commis- 
 sion of 1 884-'85 has the following : 
 
 It is a source of congratulation to know that not only are American wares 
 and merchandise increasingly consumed here (Costa Rica), but there is a grow- 
 ing desire on the part of the people to establish more cordial relations, commer- 
 cial and international with our country To this end several causes contribute : 
 
 First. The exalted position of our country in wealth, arts, and civilization 
 is a constant light, drawing the attention of those who have moulded their do- 
 mestic institutions on oars. The Monroe doctrine is as well understood, and 
 is as grateful to the people of Costa Rica, as it is fixed among the theories of 
 our own country, Beyond doubt the increasing attention in the United States 
 
 *The figures relating to the foreign commerce are taken from Costa Rican official 
 documents and are expre*ed in the money of the country. According to data from 
 the Bureau of Statistics at Washington, the exports of merchandise from the United 
 States to Costa Rica were, in 1890, $1,098,952, in 1891, $1,098,952. 
 
 c R 4 49 
 
50 COSTA RICA. 
 
 to the economy, industry, and commerce of Latin America has already met a 
 cordial response in Costa Rica. 
 
 Second. A most important consideration is the increase of faithfulness on the 
 part of American merchants in studying the wants of the consumers, their 
 habits and tastes, and also in sending just such goods as the dealers here send 
 for. While serious damage to our trade has flowed from evasions of the plain- 
 est principles of fair dealing on the part of some American commission men, of 
 late there has been less friction from this cause, and with it has come enhanced 
 confidence here in sending to our country orders for goods. 
 
 Third. The nearness of our market, the superior quality of nearly all our man- 
 ufactures, and especially their adaptability, are all in our favor. There is also a 
 growing recognition of the value of prompt and nearly cash payment for goods 
 over the credit system. Meantime a more active canvass on the part of our 
 merchants, through competent agents, has been going on in California goods, 
 especially the grape products. Canned fruits and flour are finding their way 
 into quite general use, and successfully compete with the like importations from 
 any source. 
 
 Fourth. To these influences is to be added the effect of the railroad towards 
 the interior from Port Limon. The banana trade is wholly depending upon it, 
 while outgoing products by that port go to the United States in far larger per- 
 fection than do those by Punta Arenas. We confidently believe that the exten- 
 sion of the railroads of the country, so as to form continuous lines from ocean 
 to ocean, will result in ampler facilities for commercial relations with the United 
 States. 
 
 The exports of Costa Rica into the United States since 1884 
 have been as follows : 
 
 1885 $1,058, 519 
 
 1886 1, 023, 030 
 
 1887 2, 478, 801 
 
 1888 3, 871, 192 
 
 l88g 3, 035, 288 
 
 The exports of 1889 consisted of the following: 
 
 Coffee $2, 339,020 
 
 Bananas 569; 020 
 
 Hides 56, 755 
 
 Skins 16, 207 
 
 Cocoanuts 13^ 434 
 
 Other articlej 23, 244 
 
 Coin 17, 608 
 
 Total 3, 035, 288 
 
COSTA RICA. ^1 
 
 In 1889 the only country which led the United States in the 
 commerce with Costa Rica was Great Britain. The imports from 
 that nation were $1,862,280, against $1,780,156 from the United 
 States, and the exports to Great Britain were $3,647,427, against 
 $3,035,288 to the United States. All other nations, as will be 
 seen in the following pages, are, and have been for some time, 
 represented by lesser figures. But in 1890 the United States took 
 the lead even over Great Britain. The exports from the United 
 States into Costa Rica were, as stated, $2,255,138, and those of 
 Great Britain $1,426,317. 
 
 To-day 1 1 steamers per month enter regularly the port of Limon, 
 as follows : 
 
 One belonging to the British Royal Mail Company, direct from 
 Europe. 
 
 One belonging to the Spanish Transatlantic Company, direct 
 from Europe. 
 
 Four belonging to the Atlas Company, sailing from New York. 
 
 Four belonging to the Costa Rica Steamship Line, sailing from 
 New Orleans. 
 
 On the Pacific side the commerce is conducted through the port 
 of Puntarenas by steamers belonging to the Pacific Mail Com- 
 pany sailing between San Francisco and Panama, touching each 
 way every ten days. A German line of steamers from Ham- 
 burg also touch at Puntarenas each way every month. 
 
 When the South American Commission above referred to 
 submitted their special report on Costa Rica (March 3, 1885), 
 they noticed the singular fact that the cost of transportation of 
 merchandise from San Jose to London, and vice versa, by way of 
 Puntarenas, oh the Pacific, was cheaper than from San Jose to 
 New York, and that the cost between Port Limon and London 
 and Port Limon and New York was only a little higher. 
 
52 
 
 COSTA RICA. 
 
 The report says: 
 
 To carry a. ton of freight from San Jose to London, via Puntarenas, costs 
 3.40, and to New York $42, and the cost of transporting a ton of freight 
 
 from San Jose, via Port Limon, the Atlantic port of Costa Rica, to London is 
 
 $37.40, and to New York $36.40. . 
 
 While such a condition of things existed it was not difficult 
 to understand, independently of other reasons, how the exports to 
 Great Britain were in larger quantities than to the United States. 
 
 The well-founded remarks which close the report so often 
 referred to, of the South American Commission of i884-'85 are 
 appropriate here : 
 
 Our countrymen can secure the trade with this Republic by the aid of a 
 judicious reciprocity treaty, and the practice of the same sagacity and fair deal- 
 ing which characterizes their English and German competitors. The people of 
 Costa Rica will welcome every advance our people will make in the direction 
 of closer commercial and international relations with the greatest sincerity and 
 cordiality. 
 
 DIVISION OF COMMERCE BY NATIONS. 
 
 The countries, other than the United States, with which Costa 
 Rica holds commercial relations of any importance are Great 
 Britain, Germany, France, Spain, Italy, Belgium, Colombia, 
 Ecuador, Mexico, and the other Republics of Central America. 
 The following list shows the value of the imports from those 
 countries during the year 1890, according to the Anuario Esta- 
 distico : 
 
 Mexico $10, 586 
 
 Belgium 
 
 Jamaica 
 
 Italy 
 
 Cuba 
 
 Ecuador 
 
 Spain 
 
 Other Central American Re- 
 publics 218, 721 
 
 13,051 
 22, 259 
 35. 347 
 61. 534 
 94, 020 
 175. 119 
 
 Colombia $268, 028 
 
 France 773, 492 
 
 Germany i, 261, 798 
 
 Great Britain i, 426, 317 
 
 Total 4, 360, 272 
 
SD 
 
 o 
 
 "^■^ 
 
COSTA RICA. ^3 
 
 By comparing this total with the total value of the merchandise 
 imported from the United States into Costa Rica during the same 
 year, which was $2,255,138, the following conclusions are reached : 
 First, that the United States exports more merchandise, or mer- 
 chandise of more value, to Costa Rica than any other single nation 
 in the world. Second, that the value of the merchandise imported 
 from the United States into Costa Rica in 1890 represents more 
 than 34 per cent of the total imports ; and third, that, as stated by 
 the South American Commission of 1884-85, a judicious reci- 
 procity treaty could secure for the United States almost the entire 
 trade of Costa Rica. 
 
 The Anuario Estadistico for 1890 contains in detail the num- 
 ber of packages, the weight in kilograms, and the value of the 
 goods from each country imported into Costa Rica ; and a study 
 of at least its principal statements might prove of some importance. 
 
 Barbed and other wire for fences is greatly in demand in Costa 
 Rica, and was imported, that year, to the amount of $109,872; 
 but Great Britain and Germany contributed the most of this total, 
 the former furnishing $41,295 and the latter $32,627, or $73,922 
 together, which is about 75 per cent on the whole. 
 
 Beer was imported to the amount of $109,031. Great Britain 
 contributed $6,529, Germany $55,328, and France $8,123, or 
 $69,980 between the three. This represents 60 per cent on the 
 total imported. 
 
 Shoes were bought by Costa Rica to the amount of $62,814. 
 But Great Britain furnished $12,981, Germany $14,628, and 
 France $7,893. Their total, $35,502, represents more than one- 
 half of the whole. 
 
 Cassimeres were imported to the value of $278,252. Germany 
 contributed $105,802, and France $142,628. This makes 
 $248,430, and leaves the United States the poor share of $29,822. 
 
 Drugs and medicines were imported to the amount of $201,107. 
 
^Zj. COSTA RICA. 
 
 The shares of Great Britain, $37,421, Germany $52,327, and 
 France $32,647, make a total $ 1 22,395, which is about 70 per 
 cent of the whole. 
 
 Out of $316,411 worth of railroad material bought by Costa 
 Rica, Great Britain sold $ 1 25,428. 
 
 The ordinary soap which Costa Rica bought in 1890 amounted 
 to $22,432, Great Britain furnished $ 1 2,890, and Germany, $7,223. 
 
 Ordinary crockery was imported to the amount of $19,343. 
 The share of Great Britain was $8,792, the share of Germany, 
 $8, 1 29, and the share of France, $609. This left the United States 
 only $1,813. 
 
 The value of the candles imported in 1890 was $45,20 1 . Great 
 Britain contributed $34,892, and Germany, $8,008. This leaves 
 the United States but $2,301. 
 
 House furniture was bought by Costa Rica to the amount of 
 $45,085. Great Britain's share was $5,897, Germany's $16,823, 
 and France's $2,327. This makes $25,047, more than one-half 
 of the whole. 
 
 The printed cotton goods called zarazas were imported into Costa 
 Rica to the amount of $407,460, Great Britain sent $165,89^, 
 Germany, $ 167,827, and France, $29,849. This makes $363,569, 
 and reduces the share of the United States to only $43,891. 
 
 Out of $296,682 worth of wines which Costa Rica imported 
 in 1890, $48,325 were sent by Great Britain, $27,895 by Ger- 
 many, $69,827 by France, and $1 14,450 by Spain, This makes 
 $260,497, and leaves a balance of $36,185 for the United States. 
 As the United States is a wine-producing country, which Great 
 Britain is not, and as the United States is nearer Costa Rica than 
 Great Britain, it seems unnatural that Great Britain should fur- 
 nish wine to an amount ($48,325) larger than the United States. 
 
 The Anuario Estadistico for 1890 has failed to give the same 
 detailed information in regard to the exports which it furnishes in 
 
COSTA RICA. 55 
 
 regard to the imports. It says that the exports were $10,063,765, 
 ($3,098,394 more than in the previous year), and that the princi- 
 pal articles were represented as follows ; 
 
 Coffee $9, 196, 202 
 
 Bananas 622, 671 
 
 Cocoa 13, 267 
 
 Hides 85,786 
 
 India rubber 10, 197 
 
 Gold bullion $28, 500 
 
 Skins 12, 300 
 
 Grinding stones 8, 682 
 
 Mulberry wood 556, 040 
 
 But it does not state what portion of these goods comes to the 
 United States. 
 
 During the previous year, 1889,' the exports from Costa Rica 
 to the different countries were as follows : 
 
 United States $3, 035, 288 
 
 Great Britain 3, 647, 427 
 
 Germany 201, 079 
 
 France 
 
 Colombia 
 
 Chile 
 
 The other Republics of Central America. 
 
 17,959 
 
 12, 613 
 
 1,843 
 
 49, 162 
 
 Total 6, 965, 371 
 
 Shippers of merchandise destined for the Republic of Costa 
 Rica must remember that the invoices for each shipment of goods 
 should contain the names of the vessel, port of destination, and 
 consignees; the date of shipment, the signature of the shipper, the 
 marks of each package, the number (in figures and in writing) o* 
 bales, cases, barrels, bundles, or packages in which the merchan- 
 dise is contained, the name and kind of merchandise shipped, and 
 the gross weight in kilograms of each package, except when con- 
 taining machinery, iron, lumber, etc., in which case the total gross 
 weight shall only be required. When a package contains more 
 than one kind of merchandise, the articles of each kind must be 
 put up in separate bundles and the gross weight of each bundle 
 must be stated separately. Invoices must be made out in triplicate ; 
 
56 COSTA RICA. 
 
 two copies shall be retained by the consul, and the third one shall 
 be returned to the shipper, with a receipt for the other two ; the 
 copy returned and the consul's receipt are to be sent by the shipper 
 to the consignee at the port of destination ; the invoices should be 
 made out in the Spanish language. No invoices will be admitted 
 with erasures, alterations, or interlineations. 
 
 All invoices for Costa Rica presented for certification must ex- 
 press also the amount of charges paid, or to be paid, for carrying the 
 merchandise to the port of destination, such as freight, insurance, 
 commission, etc. These charges can be set forth either in separ- 
 ate items or in a lump sum, under the head of " charges to the port 
 of destination." 
 
 The captain of every vessel or steamer touching at any of the 
 ports of Costa Rica is bound to prepare and file a general manifest 
 of the cargo destined for that port, said manifest to be written in 
 the Spanish language and to contain the name, class, and nation- 
 ality of the vessel, the registered tonnage of the same (both in 
 figures and in writing), the names of the captain, the ports of de- 
 parture and destination, and the consignee, the marks and number 
 (in writing and in figures) of bales, cases, barrels, bundles, or other 
 packages on board, the names of the shippers and of the consignee 
 of the merchandise on board, the date of the manifest, and the 
 signature of the captain. 
 
 The Government of Costa Rica has decreed that the same fines 
 and penalties which are imposed on the captains and owners of ves- 
 sels, when not presenting their papers and manifests in accordance 
 with the requirements of the law of 14th of July, 1884, shall be also 
 imposed on the owners or consignees of the merchandise imported 
 into the Republic, when the consular invoices do not express the 
 gross weight of each package separately, or whenever any other re- 
 quirements of said law, as to marks, numbers, specified contents, 
 and value of the packages are not complied with. 
 
COSTA RICA. ^7 
 
 As the fines and penalties alluded to vary from $50 to $500 for 
 each case of violation of the law, special care should be taken to 
 see that the consular invoices of all shipments for Costa Rica are 
 drawn up in strict compliance with the requirements of the law. 
 
 The tariff on imported merchandise which is now in force in 
 Costa Rica was promulgated on September 7, 1885. For the 
 convenience of commerce it is given in the Appendix. 
 
 But, as shown by inclosure C of the Special Report on Costa 
 Rica submitted by the South American Commission of 1884-85, 
 the Costa Rican Government made at that time the following dec- 
 laration in regard to reciprocity with the United States: 
 
 The undersigned minister of foreign relations of the Republic of Costa 
 Rica, by virtue of a conference held to-day, has the honor to make the following 
 declarations to the Commission of the United States of America : 
 
 It is evident that between the United States of America and the Republic of 
 Costa Rica there is a connection of political and material interests, and that 
 from day to day the mutual commerce between said countries increases. Hence 
 proceeds the advisability of strengthening their relations by means of reciprocity 
 treaties, and the Government of Costa Rica is desirous that they be entered 
 into. 
 
 The same Government thinks that in the treaty to be entered into it should 
 be expressly stated that it is a treaty of mutual compensation, so as to avoid the 
 effect of the clause of "most favored nation," which may be found in existing 
 treaties with other nations. 
 
 It also thinks that the two clauses following must be considered essential : 
 
 First. There shall be admitted, or remain free of duty, in the United States 
 sugar, coffee, cocoa, peanuts, ginger, bananas, and other fruits, starch, potatoes 
 and other similar roots used for food, pita straw, and other fibers, rubber and 
 other gums, hides, dyewoods, timber for building purposes, whether sawed 
 or not; provided that the said articles are the growth and production of 
 the Costa Rican soil, sufficient evidence thereof being given at each importa- 
 tion. 
 
 Second. In compensation of the above there shall be admitted, or remain free 
 of duty in Costa Rica, all kinds of cattle, salts, preserved meats, coal, petroleum, 
 raw cotton, frame houses, bricks, clay tiles, lime for building purposes, agricul- 
 tural implements, mining machinery j provided also that the said articles are 
 
58 COSTA RICA. 
 
 produced or manufactured in the United States, sufficient evidence thereof 
 being given at «ach importation. 
 
 The Government of Costa Rica is also willing to send one or more repre- 
 sentatives to a congress of all the States of the continent, whose object it shall 
 be to establish rules of private international law of America, and provide for 
 whatever may be conducive to the peace and the common welfare of the 
 nations of the New World. 
 
 National Palace, San Jose, February 27, 1885. 
 
 [l. S.J Jos£ Maria Castro. 
 
Chapter IX. 
 
 INTEROCEANIC CANALS. 
 
 As Stated by the learned author of one of the most important 
 books which have ever been pubUshed on the subject of inter- 
 oceanic communication* " the idea of opening a water way from 
 the Atlantic, the ocean of Europe, to the Great Southern Sea, the 
 ocean of Asia, ot " Ormus and of Ind," may be said to be coeval 
 with the earliest enterprises of colonization of the New World. 
 It was in quest of such a water way that Columbus sailed from 
 Palos in 1492; and Cortes planned the construction of it during 
 his visit to the Isthmus of Tehuantepec forty years afterwards. 
 The " secret of the strait " was the goad which drove so many sea- 
 men from all the lands of Europe westward through all the earlier 
 years of the sixteenth century, till Magellan found an answer to it 
 far to the stormy south." 
 
 The fall ot Constantinople into the hands of the Turks, which 
 had taken place thirty-nine years before the discovery of Amer- 
 ica, and the always increasing power which the Mahometans had 
 since then succeeded in securing, not only in eastern Europe, 
 but also in all the countries of Asia and Africa bordering 
 upon the Mediterranean, had endangered considerably the com- 
 merce of the world, which was then concentrated chiefly into the 
 hands of Venice, Genoa, and some other states. A safe and 
 short passage to the rich regions of the East was the optimam 
 
 * The Interoceanic Canal and the Monroe Doctrine. New York. S. P. Putnam & Sons. 
 1880. Page 9. 
 
 59 
 
6o COSTA RICA. 
 
 desiderandum of commerce, and the discovery by Vasco de Gama 
 of the Cape of Good Hope, and therefore ot a ne>v route to Asia, 
 interested the world no less than the discovery of America, which 
 had been made five years before. 
 
 The last voyage of Columbus, in ij'oi, was undertaken 
 expressly to find the western entrance to the Asian seas, and the 
 Spanish navigators who succeeded him kept up an active search 
 for a shorter route to the Indies. Says Prescott : 
 
 The discovery of a strait into the Indian Ocean was the burden of every 
 order from the government, and the discovery of a new route to India is the 
 true key to the maritime movements of the fifteenth and first . half of the six- 
 teenth centuries. 
 
 The discovery of the Pacific Ocean in 1513 by Vasco Nunez 
 de Balboa, and the geographical researches which were subse- 
 quently made, satisfied the Spaniards that nature had not provided 
 the natural water way so anxiously looked for. But it must be 
 said to their honor that simultaneously with their becoming con- 
 vmced of this fact the idea grew upon their minds that the com- 
 munication could be made artificially. In 1528 Antonio Galvan 
 petitioned Charles V and suggested that a canal should be built 
 from sea to sea across the Isthmus of Panama. And in 1591 
 the governor of Costa Rica, Capt. Antonio Pereira, received 
 instructions to organize an expedition under his command, and 
 that of Capt. Francisco Pavon, to explore a way of communication 
 by water between both oceans through the Desaguadero (San 
 Juan River), the lake, and other rivers emptying into the Gulf 
 of Nicoya. 
 
 This expedition, in which Costa Rica appears so prominently, 
 and which was due to the far-sighted statesmanship of the licen- 
 tiate Velasquez Ramiro, whom Philip II had sent as royal com- 
 missioner to the provinces of Central America, and who always 
 showed a great desire to have this great undertaking carried to 
 success, was the first practical step ever taken in this direction. 
 Thirty-nine years afterwards, Diego de Mercado submitted to the 
 
o 
 
COSTA RICA. 61 
 
 King (Philip III) his famous report of January 23, 1620, and 
 suggested that interoceanic communication should be established 
 through the Desaguadero, the lake, and a cut across the Costa 
 Rican territory, through what he called La Ouebrada, or Barranca 
 Honda, to the bay of Salinas, to which he gave the name of 
 Puerto del Papagayo. 
 
 For reasons which it is unnecessary to recite, this aspiration of 
 Spain, and indeed of all the civilized nations of the world, could 
 not find then its realizatiorl. And when the Spanish power passed 
 away and the Central American confederation was organized, and 
 Bolivar's voice was heard announcing that the interoceanic canal 
 " would bring to the new Republic the wealth and the enterprise 
 of all parts of the globe," the desire to accomplish that purpose 
 naturally received renewed attention. 
 
 Brief mention has been made of the steps which the short-lived 
 Reoublic of Central America hastened to take in this direction; 
 how a concession was granted to a Dutch company in 1830 to 
 build the canal upon conditions which rendered that concession one 
 of the noblest public papers ever issued by any nation of the 
 world, and how the United States was invited by that Government 
 to join it in the glory of the enterprise and in the enjoyment of 
 the immense advantages to be derived from it. Allusion has been 
 made also to the survey for a canal between the Sapoa River and 
 the Bay of Salinas, which was made by order of the Republic of 
 Costa Rica, in 1851, by the famous Danish scientist Andreas 
 Oersted. But none of these steps came nearer practical success 
 than when the two Republics of Costa Rica and Nicaragua, acting 
 together, granted on May 1, 1858, to the distinguished French 
 writer, Mr. Felix Belly, the canal concession which carried his 
 name, or when the celebrated Ayon-Chevalier contract was entered 
 into for the same purpose on the part of Nicaragua on the i6th of 
 October, 1868, and on the part of Costa Rica on the 18th of June, 
 1869. The hopes of the universe were nevertheless disappointed 
 in both cases, as they were also when the Zavala-Frelinghuysen 
 
62 COSTA RICA. 
 
 treaty of 1885 was negotiated in Washington and failed of ap- 
 proval. 
 
 Now, all the appearances tend to indicate that the moment is at 
 hand in which Bolivar's dreams can be realized. Under the con- 
 cession which Nicaragua granted on April, 1887, to Don Aniceto 
 G. Menocal, the representative of the Nicaragua Canal Associa- 
 tion of New York (the Cardenas-Menocal contract), and the con- 
 cession which Costa Rica granted on the 31st of July, 1888, to the 
 same gentleman, as the representative of the same association (the 
 Zeledon-Menocal contract), the Nicaragua interoceanic canal has 
 been begun, and up to this time more than $4,000,000 are said to 
 have been expended in the works. San Juan del Norte, which 
 is to be the entrance on the Atlantic, has been already improved 
 to a considerable extent, and the work both there and on the river 
 is being pushed with energy. According to the Menocal plans, 
 which have been accepted, the canal, consisting of three parts or 
 divisions, is to end on the Atlantic side at San Juan del Norte, and 
 on the Pacific side at the port of Brito. The lake of Nicaragua 
 will be the central part, and the San Juan River, properly improved, 
 will form, if not the whole, at least a great portion of the eastern 
 part or division. The western section will consist of a cut through 
 the strip of land, comparatively narrow, which stands between the 
 western shore of the lake and the Pacific coast. 
 
 The Costa Rican Government has granted the Nicaragua Canal 
 Company, among many other concessions of the most liberal char- 
 acter, full permission to occupy freely, for the purposes of the 
 canal, all the lands and places within the territory of Costa Rica 
 which may be necessary for the construction, and also the right to 
 take, free of charge, from the lands belonging to the State all the 
 material needed. 
 
 If this canal proves to be the success which all its friends hope 
 for. Costa Rica will find herself in the center of a commercial 
 movement parallel to which no other has perhaps existed in the 
 world. No one can predict the development of which Costa Rica 
 
COSTA RICA. 
 
 63 
 
 is capable when her extensive river front becomes one bank of the 
 canal and when her immense and rich valleys of the San Carlos 
 and the Sarapiqui abandon, as it may be said, their mediterranean 
 position and assume a position of direct contact with the rest of 
 the world. 
 
 The following tables, showing the distances in miles between 
 the most important commercial ports of the world, and the dis- 
 tances saved by this canal, will assist the mind in forming an idea 
 of the great future which is in store for Costa Rica when this work 
 is done : 
 
 Via Cape 
 Horn, 
 
 Via Cape of 
 Good Hope. 
 
 Via Nicara- 
 gua Canal, 
 
 Distance 
 saved. 
 
 From New York to — 
 
 San Francisco 
 
 Mazatlan 
 
 Hongkong 
 
 Yokohama 
 
 Melbourne 
 
 New Zealand 
 
 Sandwich Islands 
 
 Callao 
 
 Guayaquil 
 
 Valparaiso 
 
 From New Orleans to — 
 
 San Francisco 
 
 Acapulco 
 
 Mazatlan 
 
 Guayaquil 
 
 Callao 
 
 Valparaiso 
 
 From Liverpool to — 
 
 San Francisco 
 
 Acapulco 
 
 Mazatlan 
 
 Melbourne 
 
 New Zealand 
 
 Hongkong 
 
 Yokohama 
 
 Guayaquil 
 
 Callao 
 
 Valparaiso 
 
 Sandwich Islands 
 
 From Hamburg to — 
 
 Mazatlan 
 
 Acapulco 
 
 Fonseca 
 
 Puntarenas, Costa Rica 
 From Spain to Manilla , . , , 
 From France to Tonquin, , , 
 
 Miles. 
 ig, 000 
 18, 000 
 18, 180 
 17.679 
 
 13. 502 
 12,550 
 
 14, 230 
 10, 68g 
 14. 300 
 
 12, 900 
 
 15,052 
 13.283 
 
 13, 843 
 11,683 
 
 10, goi 
 9, 962 
 
 14, 6go 
 12, g2i 
 13.481 
 13.352 
 12,400 
 18, 030 
 
 17, 52g 
 11,321 
 10, 539 
 9, 600 
 14, 080 
 
 13,931 
 13,371 
 11,430 
 
 11, 120 
 16, 900 
 17,750 
 
 15, 201 
 16, 119 
 13, 290 
 14, 125 
 
 13. 140 
 13,975 
 15,051 
 16, 040 
 
 13,951 
 15, 201 
 
 Miles, 
 4,946 
 3,682 
 
 11, 038 
 
 9.363 
 10, 000 
 8,680 
 6,388 
 3.701 
 3.053 
 4,688 
 
 4.047 
 4.409 
 
 2. g6g 
 2.340 
 2, g88 
 3.987 
 
 7,694 
 5.870 
 6,430 
 
 12, 748 
 
 11.349 
 13,786 
 12, III 
 5,890 
 6,449 
 7,436 
 9,136 
 
 6,880 
 6, 320 
 5,530 
 
 5,515 
 13,520 
 13,887 
 
 Miles, 
 
 14, 054 
 
 14,318 
 
 4.163 
 
 6,827 
 
 3, 2go 
 3.870 
 7.842 
 6, g88 
 
 11,247 
 7,837 
 
 II, 005 
 
 10, 874 
 
 10, 874 
 
 9,343 
 
 7,913 
 
 5,975 
 
 6, 9g6 
 7,051 
 7,051 
 392 
 1,051 
 I, 265 
 3,929 
 5,431 
 
 4, 090 
 2,144 
 4,944 
 
 7,051 
 7,051 
 5,900 
 5.605 
 431 
 ',314 
 
64 COSTA RICA. 
 
 The idea that a ship canal could be cut with more facility and 
 at less cost through some portion of the Colombian State of Pan- 
 ama than through any part of Mexico or Central America has 
 been entertained by many, both in ancient and recent times. Tra- 
 dition attributes to a monk, who lived at the close of the last cen- 
 tury, the credit of practically solving this problem by connecting 
 the headwaters of the river Atrato, which empties into the Carib- 
 bean Sea, with the waters of a river named San Juan, which empties 
 into the Pacific. In the article entitled Colombia, in Apple- 
 ton's American Cyclopedia, it is said, in reference to this subject, 
 that the connection was made near the city of " Quibdo, latitude 
 5° 50' N., by which communication by boats is still maintained 
 between the Atlantic and Pacific." The world knows well that a 
 French company, formed by Viscount Lesseps, has undertaken to 
 to dig a ship canal, 46 miles long, from Aspinwall to Panama, 
 more or less parallel to the Panama Railroad. 
 
 Without entering into any discussion regarding the success or 
 failure of the Lesseps plan, or the engineering features which may 
 give preference to the Panama routes over all the others north of 
 Costa Rica, the fact remains undisturbed that if ever such a canal 
 is made Costa Rica will derive from it a great benefit. She will 
 be its nearest neighbor, and her territory will be, if not directly 
 bordering upon it, at least at a short distance, and within easy 
 access to its waters. The southern regions of Costa Rica, which 
 now are almost uninhabited, will then be within easy reach of the 
 immense current of wealth and trade which that canal will create. 
 
Chapter X. 
 
 THE CONSTITUTION AND LAWS; MONEY AND TAXATION. 
 
 Costa Rica is a Republic, and the powers of its Government 
 are limited and defined by a written constitution, which was framed 
 and adopted in 1871. Universal suffrage is the law of the country ; 
 but no election of any kind can be made directly, but through a 
 body of electors freely chosen by the people. 
 
 Every citizen of Costa Rica has the right, if he chooses to ex- 
 ercise it, of casting his vote within the appointed time, before the 
 boards, or juntas, constituted for that purpose, in favor of the per- 
 sons whom he wishes to form part of the electoral college. Those 
 who receive a majority of votes are declared "electors," and meet 
 at the appointed time and place, and elect, also by a majority of 
 votes, either the President of the Republic, or the members of 
 Congress, or the municipal officers of their respective localities, as 
 the case may be. No one can be made elector unless he is 21 
 years old, can read and write, has his domicile in the place where 
 the vote in his favor was taken, and he must own property to the 
 value of $500, or have an income of $200 a year. The position 
 of elector can not be declined, and it is the duty of all electors 
 to cast their vote at the election. Neither the President of the 
 Republic nor the members of the cabinet, the justices of the 
 high court, the governors of the provinces, or the bishop, can 
 be electors as long as they are in office. 
 
 The Government of Costa Rica is administered by the three 
 supreme powers called there, as everywhere else, executive, legis- 
 lative, and judicial. 
 
 C R s 65 
 
66 COSTA RICA. 
 
 The executive power is vested in a President, wliose term of 
 service is four years, and who can not be reelected for the following 
 immediate term. The qualifications for this office are the same 
 as required for the office of elector, except that the President must 
 be over 38 years of age and a Costa Rican, or at least a Central 
 American by birth, and not belong to the ecclesiastical profession. 
 
 The President is assisted by four secretaries of state, whose re- 
 spective departments are called as follows: (1) Department of 
 foreign relations, favors, justice, worship, public instruction, and 
 beneficence. (Relaciones exteriores, gracia, justicia, culto, instruccibn 
 publica y beneficencia?) (2) Department of the interior, police, 
 and the promotion of the public welfare. (Gobernacion, poUcia 
 y fomento?) (3) Department of the treasury and commerce. 
 (Hacienda y comercio.) (4) Department of war and of the navy. 
 {Guerra y Marina^ 
 
 The legislative power is vested in a Congress, consisting of only 
 one house, and called " the Constitutional Congress." {Congreso 
 Constitudonal?) 
 
 The members of this body are called deputies (diputados), and 
 are elected for four years ; but one-half of the Congress is renewed 
 by election every two years. Under the present law there is one 
 deputy for every 8,000 inhabitants in each province ; but if the 
 population of the province is such as to show an excess of 4,000 
 or more, over and above the rate mentioned, one more deputy 
 may be elected. There are now seven deputies for the province 
 of San Jose, six for the province of Alajuela, five for the province 
 of Cartago, four for the province of Heredia, and two for the prov- 
 ince of Guanacaste. Each Comarca (Limon and Puntarenas) is 
 represented by one deputy. Total number of deputies, 26. The 
 qualifications for the position of deputy are, to be a native of 
 Costa Rica or of Central America, or a naturalized citizen of Costa 
 Rica who has resided within her territory for the period of four 
 years subsequent to his naturalization ; to know how to read and 
 
COSTA RICA. 67 
 
 write, and to own property to the value of $500, or have an annual 
 income of $200. The Congress meets every year, but during the 
 recess it is represented by a committee of its own choice, which is 
 called Comisibn permanente, and has for its duty to attend to every- 
 thing of urgent character. 
 
 The judicial power is vested in a supreme court of justice 
 (corte suprema de justkia) and in the other courts throughout the 
 country, which are subordinate to it. The members of the supreme 
 court are not elected by the people, but appointed by Congress. 
 
 In Costa Rica there is no such position as that of vice-presi- 
 dent of the Republic. The constitution provides that in case of 
 death, or absence, or inability ot the President, he shall be suc- 
 ceeded by one of three persons designated by Congress to that ef- 
 fect, at its first session in each presidential term. For this reason 
 they are called designados. If the "designado" exercises the presi- 
 dential functions at the call of the President himself, the choice 
 will be at his will; but if the "designado" becomes President 
 ad interim, on account of the death or inability of the President, 
 the order in which the names were placed in their appointment by 
 Congress must be followed. 
 
 At the head of each province and comarca there is a governor 
 appointed by the President, and in each canton there is a local 
 executive authority, subordinate to the governor, also appointed 
 by the President, who is called the "jefe politico." 
 
 The whole Republic is divided into 75 municipalities {niunici- 
 pios), each one provided with a municipal council, consisting gen- 
 erally of five members, elected by the people, indirectly, as has 
 been stated. It is unnecessary to explain what the functions of 
 these bodies are. They are more or less the same as the city coun- 
 cils and the boards of county commissioners of the United States. 
 
 THE ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE. 
 
 Justice is administered in Costa Rica by a well organized system 
 of courts and tribunals, and under written laws as wise and well 
 
68 COSTA RICA. 
 
 suited to the necessities of civilization as in any of the nations of 
 the world. Capital punishment can not be inflicted. Private 
 property can not be confiscated. No person can be tried by com- 
 missioners or extraordinary courts. Individual liberty is guar- 
 anteed by the v^rit of habeas corpus. Trial by jury is established 
 for criminal cases ; and no discrimination or distinction of any kind 
 between citizens can be made before the courts. 
 
 There are a civil code, a code of civil procedure, and a judi- 
 ciary law, which went into force on the ist of January, 1888. 
 They all do credit to the Republic, and stand as high as the 
 highest among the statute books of the Christian world. 
 
 In each city or town of the Republic there are judicial function- 
 aries, called alcaldes, who are appointed by the supreme court. 
 According to the necessities of the locality these alcaldes may be 
 one, two, or three, as the supreme court shall decide. They 
 have jurisdiction in the first instance of all civil cases in which the 
 amount involved does not exceed $250. They have also the 
 power to settle the estates of deceased persons, should no con- 
 tention involving a larger amount than $250 arise between the 
 interested parties. They have also criminal jurisdiction, under 
 the supervision and authority of the criminal court, but only so 
 far as the preliminary steps of the prosecution are concerned. If 
 the alcalde happens to be a man who does not belong to the legal 
 profession, persons having business before him are entitled to ask 
 him to appoint a lawyer to be his adviser (asesor) in the case. In 
 each provmce, and in each comarca, there is a court of first 
 instance for civil and criminal matters. These courts consist 
 each of only one judge, appointed by the supreme court, and sit at 
 the capital of the province or comarca, as the case may be. 
 
 In San Jose there are two civil courts, and besides them a 
 criminal court. Alajuela, Cartago, Heredia, Guanacaste, and 
 Puntarenas have each one court of first instance, both for civil and 
 criminal cases. In Limon there is no court, and the judicial au- 
 thority is vested only in the alcalde. 
 
T3 
 
COSTA RICA. 69 
 
 The chief justice of the supreme court has just recommended 
 (1890) that at Alajuela, Cartago, and Heredia, the civil and 
 criminal jurisdiction be separated and exercised by different 
 courts. 
 
 At San Jose there is also a court analogous to the United 
 States Court of Claims, to try cases in which the Government has 
 to appear as a party. The court of appeals, or, as it is called 
 there, the Supreme Court of the Republic, consists of fifteen justices, 
 appointed for four years by Congress. This court acts in three 
 different capacities : (1) As a court of appeals; (2) as a supreme 
 court, to decide cases taken before it under a writ of error (corte 
 de casacibri): (3) as what is called corte plena, or full bench, or 
 better still, the court in general term. 
 
 When acting as a court of appeals, only three justices are 
 necessary to form what is called a sala, or division of the courts. 
 There are only two salas, called, respectively, first and second, and 
 each one has as full power as the whole tribunal, as far as the 
 appeal is concerned. The division of first and second is made 
 only to expedite business, and does not imply in any way any 
 difference of rank or function. The president of the sala is 
 chosen from among themselves by the three justices who form the 
 court. When exercising supreme jurisdiction under a writ of 
 error, the court consists of five justices, who also elect their presi- 
 dent from among themselves. When acting in full {corte plena) it 
 is presided over by the president of the court of casacion. 
 
 TAXATION, PUBLIC DEBT, CREDIT, AND MONETARY SYSTEM. 
 
 Taxation in Costa Rica, except for local and municipal pur- 
 poses, is generally indirect. The principal sources of revenue are 
 the custom-houses, and upon them and the monopolies of tobacco 
 and liquors the Government depends to meet its obligations. Ac- 
 
yO COSTA RICA. 
 
 cording to the last report ot the secretary of the treasury (1890), 
 of a total amount of $4,928,872.46 received on all accounts in the 
 treasury, there were : 
 
 Custom-houses receipts ". $!, 6S3, 312. 54 
 
 Liquor monopoly i, 402, 160. 33 
 
 Tobacco monopoly 599, 698. 59 
 
 Total 3, 685, 171. 46 
 
 The expenses of the Government in 1890 were $5,924,914.85. 
 
 Municipal taxation is moderate. The owners of real estate 
 alone are obliged to pay taxes for street lighting, the maintenance 
 of the police, the supply of water, etc. 
 
 The debt of Costa Rica in 1890 was as follows : Foreign debt, 
 _;^2,ooo, 1 1 6 1 .f . jd., or about $ 1 0,000,000 ; interior or domestic debt, 
 $2,712,397.82. The foreign debt, contracted in England for the 
 purpose of building the railroads and making other internal im- 
 provements, is represented by 6 per cent bonds, which are quoted 
 in London, at the lowest figures, at between 90 and 92 per cent. 
 The interest, 5 per cent to the bondholders and 1 per cent addi- 
 tional to form a sinking fund, has been thus far paid promptly and 
 scrupulously, and the credit of the nation is therefore as high in 
 the London market as can be desired. The interior debt consists 
 of miscellaneous items, for public works, or services, each one of 
 which is promptly paid on maturity. 
 
 The money in general use in Costa Rica is the paper dollar. 
 Its value is nominally 100 cents, 5 francs, or 4 English shillings, 
 but in reality it is worth only about 70 cents, 3.50 francs, 2 shil- 
 lings 10 pence, gold being at a premium of from 30 to 50 per 
 cent. There exists a certain amount of old Government bills, but 
 they diminish every year, and those in circulation to-day are nearly 
 all issued by the Bank of La Union. The paper money is ac- 
 cepted throughout the Republic without question, and the silver 
 money of the country has no premium over it. The bills of high- 
 est denomination are those of $100; the smallest is of $1. The 
 
COSTA RICA. yi 
 
 fractional currency consists of silver pieces coined in the country, 
 of the value of 5, 10, 25, and 50 cents. Their fineness is 750 
 thousandths. The Government has issued a decree providing 
 that the fineness for the one dollar pieces should be 900 thous- 
 andths, and for the fractional coins 835 thousandths. No gold 
 coined before 1876 can be found now in the country, except with 
 great difficulty. Nearly all has gone out of the country. The 
 decimal system of money was adopted in 1863. The metric 
 system of weights and measures was adopted in 1884, and has 
 been in practice since July l, 1886. 
 
 BUSINESS REGULATIONS AND METHODS. 
 
 Costa Rica was the first nation in Central America to establish 
 a bank. That was the bank founded in 1857 by Don Crisanto 
 Medina. At present there are the following: 
 
 The Anglo-Costa Rican Bank, established in 1863; the Bank 
 of Costa Rica, established in 1867 ; and the Bank of " La Union," 
 established in 1877. They all are at San Jose. The usual rate 
 of interest is 9 per cent. 
 
 The Ley hifotecaria of Costa Rica, which is considered per- 
 fect in its class, allows the mobilization, as may be said of the real 
 estate, to all imaginable extent. The owner of a piece of land, 
 duly registered in the office for such purposes established, can 
 have the value of his property divided there into shares, and each 
 share represented by a cedula, or bond, and things are fixed in 
 such way as to allow at any time, and with perfect safety for the 
 bank or the money lender, funds to be raised on these " cedulas," 
 and the latter to be used as collateral securities of the best char- 
 acter. 
 
 Joint stock companies, engaged in mining, agricultural, and 
 other enterprises, abound in the country. 
 
 No restrictions are placed in Costa Rica upon labor, or the ex- 
 ercise of trades and commerce, or industry in whatever form. 
 
72 COSTA RICA. 
 
 Immigration is encouraged, and business enterprise is given every- 
 where as fair and ample chances as can be desired. 
 
 RELIGION AND PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 
 
 The Roman Catholic apostolic religion is the religion of the 
 State, but the exercise of all others is entirely free and tolerated 
 under the constitution and the laws. There are undenominational 
 Protestant churchs at San Jose and Port Limon. According to the 
 report of the secretary of the treasury of the Costa Rican Republic 
 for 1890, the sum of $19,440.04 was contributed that year, out of 
 the public treasury, for the support of the church in the whole 
 country. 
 
 Public instruction in Costa Rica is in the hands of the Na- 
 tional Government, under the direct supervision of the Secretary 
 of that Department in some respects, and of the municipal boards 
 or councils in all others. Primary instruction is compulsory and 
 paid for by the nation. But every inhabitant of the Republic, 
 whether Costa Rican or foreigner, is free under the constitution 
 either to receive instruction or to give it as a teacher in private 
 establishments. 
 
 There were in 1890 the following primary schools supported 
 by the Government: In the province of San Jose, 27 for boys 
 and 27 for girls; total, 54. In the province of Alajuela, 42 for 
 boys and 29 for girls; total, 71. In the province of Cartago, 19 
 for boys and 20 for girls ; total, 39. In the province of Heredia, 
 17 for boys and 13 for girls; total, 30. In the province of Gua- 
 nacaste, 19 for boys and 16 for girls; total, 35. In the comarca 
 of Puntarenas, 3 for boys and 2 for girls ; total, 5. Grand total, 198. 
 
 The number who attended these schools in 1 890 was as follows : 
 Boys, 5,182; girls, 4,307; total, 9,489. 
 
 The cost of these schools to the national government in 1890 
 was as follows : San Jose, $43, 189.19 ; Alajuela, $26,938.66 ; Car- 
 tago, $23,665.62; Heredia, $27,798.17; Guanacaste, $9,656.94 ; 
 Punta Arenas, $6,429.19; total, $137,677.77. 
 
< 
 
 o 
 
COSTA RICA. 73 
 
 The following list shows the number and cost in 1890 of the 
 other establishments of public instruction which the Costa Rican 
 Government supports: The Costa Rica Lyceum or University, 
 $44,384.68; Young Ladies High School (San Jose), $13,891.68; 
 the Alajuela High School, $20,821.47; the Cartago College, 
 $1,540.84; the School of Agriculture, $6,391.17; total $87,029.84. 
 
 In addition to the above the Costa Rican treasury paid in 1890 : 
 Subsidy to the private college named La Esperanza, $200; sub- 
 sidy to the private college named American Institute, $450 ; tuition 
 and expenses of Costa Rican boys educated abroad, $7,634.66; 
 and many other sums for the construction of schoolhouses and 
 repairs of those already built, and for the support of the Physical 
 and Geographical Institute, and the Meteorological Institute. 
 
 The whole amount expended by the treasury in 1 890 in the item 
 of public instruction was $447,220.23. The comparison of this 
 expense with the total of the Government expenses ($4,995,343.32) 
 shows the decided interest of the Costa Rican Government and peo- 
 ple in favor of public instruction. The amount appropriated for 
 1891, for the same purpose, is $546,035. 
 
 TREATIES WITH FOREIGN COUNTRIES AND DIPLOMATIC REPRESEN- 
 TATION. 
 
 Costa Rica has a treaty of friendship, commerce, and navigation 
 with the United States, concluded in the city of Washington on 
 the 10th of July, 1851, and proclaimed on May 26, 1852, 
 
 She has also entered into conventions of friendship, commerce, 
 and navigation with Germany, the Hanseatic cities, Belgium, 
 France, Great Britain, Italy, the Netherlands, Peru, and Ecuador. 
 
 A treaty of friendship, peace, commerce, and arbitration was 
 concluded between Costa Rica and Guatemala, Salvador, Hon- 
 duras, and Nicaragua on February 16, 1887, and it was ratified 
 and proclaimed by Costa Rica on the 27th of May following. 
 
 In addition to the above, Costa Rica has a treaty of peace and 
 
74 COSTA RICA. 
 
 friendship with Spain; a treaty of limits with Nicaragua; a treaty 
 with Colombia to submit to arbitration the question of limits be- 
 tween both Republics; extradition treaties with Italy, Peru, 
 Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Salvador; a naturalization 
 treaty with Italy; a consular convention with Guatemala, Hon- 
 duras, Nicaragua, and Salvador; a treaty for the establishment of 
 uniform rules on matters of private international law with the 
 Argentine Republic, Peru, Chile, Bolivia, Ecuador, Venezuela, 
 Guatemala, and Uruguay, ratified and proclaimed by Costa Rica 
 on August 4, 1879; ^ parcels post convention with Great Britain, 
 ratified and proclaimed on November 8, 1887, and several other 
 postal and telegraphic conventions. 
 
 The diplomatic representation of Costa Rica in the United 
 States has been as follows : 
 
 DURING THE FEDERAL SYSTEM. 
 
 (1) Don Manuel I. Arce and Don Juan M. Rodriguez, commissioners. Pre- 
 sented credentials September lo, 1823. 
 
 (2) Don Antonio Jos^ Canaz, envoy extraordinary and minister plenipoten- 
 tiary. Presented credentials August 4, 1824. 
 
 (3) Don Pedro Gonzalez, charge d'affaires. Presented credentials November 
 14, 1826. 
 
 REPUBLIC OF COSTA RICA. 
 
 (1) Don Felipe Molina, envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary. 
 Presented credentials March 24, 1851. Died in Washington February 1, 1855. 
 
 (2) Don Luis Molina, charge d'affaires. Presented credentials June 14, 1855. 
 
 (3) Don Napoleon Escalante and Don Luis Molina presented credentials on 
 a special mission of friendship November 24, 1857. 
 
 (4) Don Luis Molina, envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary. 
 April 10, 1858. 
 
 (5) Don Ezequiel Gutierrez, charge d'affaires. Presented credentials Sep- 
 tember 20, 1866. 
 
 (6) Don Julian Volio, envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary. 
 1868. 
 
 (7) Don Ezequiel Gutierrez, envoy extraordinary and minister plenipoten- 
 tiary. 1871 to 1874. 
 
COSTA RICA. 7^ 
 
 (8) Don Manuel M. de Peralta, envoy extraordinary and minister plenipo- 
 tentiary. Presented credentials February 17, i88<;. 
 
 (9) Don Cleto Gonzalez Viquez, charge d'affaires. 1885. 
 
 (10) Don Pedro Perez Zeled6n, envoy extraordinary and minister plenipoten- 
 tiary. Presented credentials July 26, 1887. 
 
 (11) Don Federico Volio, charg6 d'affaires. 
 
 (12) Don Pedro Perez Zeled6n, envoy extraordinary and minister plenipo- 
 tentiary. Resumed his functions October 19, 1888. 
 
 (13) Don Federico Volio, charg6 d'affaires. November 1, 1889. 
 
 (14) Don Anselmo Volio, charg6 d'affaires ad interim, upon the death of Don 
 Federico Volio. 
 
 (15) Don Joaquin Bernardo Calvo, charg6 d'affaires. Presented credentials 
 March 21, 1891. 
 
 Costa Rica was represented in the International American Conference by Don 
 Manuel Arag6n, one of the leading financiers of Central America, with Don 
 Joaquin Bernardo Calvo, the well-known author, as secretary. 
 
 In the International American Monetary Commission Costa Rica was repre- 
 sented by Don Joaquin Bernardo Calvo. 
 
Chapter XI. 
 
 TRANSPORTATION AND POSTAL FACILITIES. 
 
 The railway system of Costa Rica consists of the following : 
 The Atlantic Railroad, from the port of Limon, on the Atlantic, 
 to Alajuela, 147^^ miles. This road, has a branch which starts trom 
 a point about 40 miles distant from Puerto Limon and goes south- 
 ward and then eastward until reaching Carrillo, a place at the foot 
 of the Irazu mountains, 70 miles. 
 
 The Pacific Railroad, from Puntarenas, on the Pacific, to the 
 city of Esparza, at the foot of the Aguacate Mountains, a dis- 
 tance of 14 miles. This line is now being continued to Alajuela, 
 a distance of 30 miles. 
 
 Alajuela is already connected with Heredia, and Heredia with 
 Cartago, by means of another railroad, 27 miles in length, and 
 this line passes through San Jose, which stands between the two 
 cities last named. So that, when the line from Esparza to Ala- 
 juela is completed, there will be a continuous railway from the 
 port of Limon, on the Atlantic, to the port of Punta Arenas, on 
 the Pacific. 
 
 All the lines will be the property of the Government when the 
 time of the concessions — that is, ninety-nine years — has elapsed. 
 In the mean time they are in the hands of the Costa Rica Rail- 
 way Company, an English corporation domiciled in London. The 
 Government owns one-third of the stock of the Atlantic Railroad 
 Company. 
 76 
 
Ox Shoeing. 
 
COSTA RICA. 
 
 77 
 
 Under a concession made August 3, 1888, to Mr. Minor C, 
 Keith, a citizen of the United States, another railroad is to be 
 built between the point in which the San Jose and Carrillo Rail- 
 road crosses the river named Jimenez and the Rio Frio, which 
 empties into the San Juan River. This line will establish prompt 
 communication between Puerto Limon and the upper part of the 
 San Juan, will permit the improvement of an enormous amount of 
 very fertile land which now is almost unproductive, and will be in 
 other respects of great advantage both for Costa Rica and Nicara- 
 gua, her neighbor. 
 
 Independently of the railroads there are in Costa Rica very 
 good means of communication, consisting of excellent roads, which 
 cross the country in every direction. 
 
 Costa Rica is a member of the Universal Postal Union. On 
 the 4th of February, 1890, there was negotiated a parcels post 
 treaty between the United States and Costa Rica, the full text of 
 which will be found in Appendix B, p. 127. 
 
 The postal service between her and the United States is as 
 follows : 
 
 On the Pacific side, from San Francisco to Puntarenas, by the 
 steamers of the Pacific Mail Company, the 3d, 13th, and 23d of 
 each month. 
 
 On the Atlantic side, from New York to Puerto Limon, either 
 •directly by the steamers of the Atlas Steamship Company every 
 two weeks, or by rail to New Orleans and thence by sea to Puerto 
 Limon once a week. 
 
 Also from New York to Puerto Limon, via Aspinwall, by the 
 steamers of the Pacific Mail the 1st, 10th, aud 20th of each 
 month. If connection can be made at Aspinwall with either a 
 steamer of the Royal Mail or some other going to Puerto Limon, 
 the correspondence, as well as the passengers, may go that way. 
 If not, they will be carried across the isthmus to Panama, and from 
 there by the Pacific steamers to Puntarenas. 
 
yS COSTA RICA. 
 
 RATES OF POSTAGE TO AND FROM COSTA RICA. 
 
 Letters. — Five cents here and lo centavos there for each half 
 ounce, or fraction thereof 
 
 Postal cards. — Two cents here and 2 centavos there, each. 
 
 Other mailable articles. — Two cents here and 2 centavos there 
 for each 2 ounces, or fraction thereof 
 
 Registration fee. — Ten cents here and 2o centavos there. 
 
 Parcels post. — Articles of merchandise 12 cents here and 2o 
 centavos there for each pound or fraction thereof 
 
 The postal service in Costa Rica is in a most excellent condi. 
 tion. There are 92 post-ofBces in the Republic, which in 1890- 
 '91 handled 2,101,428 pieces. 
 
 The steamers of the Pacific Mail receive a liberal subsidy from 
 the Government of Costa Rica. The others have been granted 
 exemption of port dues, except hospital charges ($25), when 
 touching regularly at Puerto Limon. 
 
 Costa Rica was the first nation of Central America which had 
 telegraphic service, and now has the cheapest rates ; only 20 cents 
 is charged for a message to any place in Central America. All 
 centers of population of the Republic, whether large or small, are 
 connected by wire with each other, and with the neighboring 
 nations and the rest of the world. 
 
 The nearest office of the cable company is at San Juan del Sur, 
 in Nicaragua, but that office is connected by wire with the Costa 
 Rican telegraphic system, and the service is done satisfactorily. 
 The Government granted, in 1889, a concession to an European 
 company, for a direct cable connecting Puerto .Limon with the 
 Atlantic lines. 
 
 Telephonic service is established in San Jose, and the Govern- 
 ment has entered into a contract with an American company for 
 its extension throughout the whole country. 
 
 To reach Costa Rica from the United States the traveler has a 
 
COSTA RICA. 79 
 
 choice of routes. He may take a Pacific Mail steamer from New 
 York to Colon (fare, $go first class, $40 second class; time, 8' 
 days), and there take a steamer of the British Royal Mail Com- 
 pany to Puerto Limon, thence by rail to San Jose ; or he may take 
 a steamer of the Atlas company at New York, and go direct to 
 Puerto Limon, stopping at Kingston, Jamaica, en route; fare, $80 ; 
 time, 14 days. 
 
 From "New Orleans he may take a steamer of the Costa Rica 
 line every Wednesday morning for Port Limon; fare, $50 first 
 class, $40 second class, $25 steerage; time, 4^ days; or he may 
 take a steamer of the Costa Rica and Honduras line every Wednes- 
 day; fare, $50; time, 9 days; or by crossing the Isthmus from 
 Colon he can take a Pacific Mail steamer to Puntarenas; fare, 
 $ 1 1 5 first class. 
 
 From San Francisco the Pacific Mail steamers leave three 
 times a month; fare, $105 first class, $52.50 steerage; time, 20 
 days. 
 
Chapter XII. 
 
 IMMIGRATION. 
 
 The problem to be solved not only in Costa Rica, but also 
 in all that portion of Western Hemisphere which was settled 
 either by Spain or Portugal, and upon which the full development 
 of their immense resources of all kinds depends, is the problem 
 of immigration. The real secret of the prosperity and advanced 
 state of civilization which the Argentine Republic and the Ori- 
 ental Republic of Uruguay have reached consists in the proper 
 solution given there to this problem, and to the establishment of 
 a steady and regular current of immigration which constantly in- 
 creases the number of laborers, and adds to the productive forces 
 of the country. 
 
 Costa Rica, by reason of her geographical position, her climate, 
 her institutions, the character of her people, the nature of her pro- 
 ductions, the short distance from all the great centers of civilization, 
 and the hearty welcome which her inhabitants give all foreigners, 
 affords inducements, greater than many countries, for foreign cap- 
 ital and labor to come to her territory and aid in the development 
 of such wealth and prosperity as it is difficult to describe. 
 
 The Government is conscious of the immense advantage which 
 the country would derive from the increase, through healthy meth- 
 ods, of its population, and without resorting to any artificial means 
 has shown itself at all times exceedingly liberal in its concessions 
 in favor ot the immigrants. 
 80 
 
A Ready-made House." imported from the United States. 
 
COSTA RICA. 81 
 
 Foreigners as well as natives may acquire real estate, and public 
 lands are granted to them without distinction, either by preemp- 
 tion methods, or by sale at public auction. 
 
 By preemption methods natives and foreigners can acquire the 
 ownership ot tracts of land of no less than 50 hectares, or 80 acres, 
 by merely fencing them and giving notice to the local authority 
 that it is their intention to put them under cultivation. If this 
 cultivation is actually carried on for two years, during which the 
 settlers can not be disturbed in the possession of the land, the 
 proper patent will be issued in their favor. The patentees may 
 then, if they so wish, take possession of another tract of land of 50 
 hectares, and fence it, etc., on the same terms and conditions as 
 before; and so on indefinitely. 
 
 But if the tract of land is not cultivated, or not cultivated to the 
 extent and in the serious way contemplated by the law, then it 
 will be open again to settlement, and other parties may acquire 
 them on the same conditions; the new settlers, however, are re- 
 quired to pay their predecessors a fair compensation for all the im- 
 provements, whatever they may be, which they made on the prop- 
 erty. 
 
 At public auction foreigners and natives can acquire the owner- 
 ship of tracts of public land, not exceeding 600 hectares for each 
 person, by filing a petition requesting the commissioner of the 
 land office to cause the tract of land which they desire to be ad- 
 vertised for sale, the petitioners havmg the privilege to purchase 
 the land at the highest price brought at auction. The lowest ad- 
 missible bid is $5 per hectare of prairie lands ; $4 per hectare of 
 wooded lands, containing India-rubber trees, vanilla, dye woods, 
 etc. ; $3 per hectare of wooded lands not having those trees, and 
 $2 per hectare of marshy, stony, or barren lands. 
 
 But if these lands happen to be situated at a distance greater 
 than 1 5 miles from a town of 3,000 inhabitants, or from the track 
 of a railroad, the prices above named will be reduced to one-halt. 
 
 C R 6 
 
82 COSTA RICA. 
 
 If the distance is between 30 and 60 miles, the price will be 
 reduced to one-fourth ; and if it is larger than 60 miles, the price 
 will be one-eighth of the regular one above given. 
 
 The price can be paid, at the purchaser's option, either cash or 
 within ten years. If the latter method is adopted, interest at 6 per 
 cent, to be paid annually, will be added. But if at any time the 
 purchaser can prove, by sufficient evidence, that the improvements 
 made by him on the land thus purchased are worth twice as much 
 as the amount of the interest still due, he will be exempted from 
 paying the interest. And if the improvements prove to be worth 
 twice as much as the price to be paid for the land under the terms 
 of sale, the purchaser will be exempted from paying said price. 
 
 The Costa Rican citizenship is not forced upon any immigrant ; 
 but it can be acquired after one year's residence in the country. 
 
 For the purpose of furthering immigration, the following con- 
 cessions have been made : 
 
 THE SAN BERNARDO DE TALAMANCA COLONY. 
 
 Persons desiring to settle in this locality may be entitled, upon 
 entering their names at the registry for that purpose kept at the 
 proper office in San Jose, first, to free passage for them, their fami- 
 lies, effects, and domestic animals, by rail to the port of Limon, 
 and by sea from there to Old Harbor, and from there, on horse- 
 back (six hours) to San Bernardo ; second, to the use of a house, 
 at San Bernardo, and to a certain allowance for their support, 
 within a certain period, until they can settle to work ; third, to 
 the ownership in fee simple, and free from registration expenses, 
 of a tract of land at Talamanca of 6 hectares (about 10 acres) 
 for each head of a family, and one additional tract of 6 hectares 
 for each one of his children ; fourth, to be paid monthly the sum of 
 $17 per family, for two years; and fifth, to be given a cow, a 
 pig, a sow, a certain number of hens and chickens, a collection of 
 seeds, and a set of the most necessary agricultural implements. 
 
COSTA RICA. 83 
 
 Talamanca is a rich mining and agricultural district, well pro- 
 vided with rivers and everything necessary to become a prosperous 
 country. It has, nevertheless, the disadvantage of containing still 
 within its limits some bands of uncivilized Indians, although not 
 numerous. These Indians, however, have never shown themselves 
 hostile to the settlers. 
 
 THE BUENAVISTA COLONY. 
 
 Under a contract with the Atlantic Railroad Company and the 
 River Plate Loan Trust Company of London 800,000 acres of 
 land were granted for colonization purposes. Colonists of all na- 
 tionalities, except negroes and Chinese, are admitted, and they are 
 given liberally the ownership of fertile lands, in localities at be- 
 tween 3,000 and 8,000 feet above the level of the sea, in the vicin- 
 ity of the railroad, and not far from the centers of population of the 
 Republic. 
 
 THE NICOYA CUBAN COLONY. 
 
 Under a contract with Don Antonio Maceo, and for the purpose 
 of promoting and improving the cultivation of tobacco, the Gov- 
 ernment has set apart a tract ot land of about 24,000 acres in the 
 fertile territory of Nicoya. Seiior Maceo has obtained for himself, 
 as well as for the colonists, the most liberal concessions. 
 
 THE MATINA RIVER COLONY. 
 
 The adaptability of the soil of Matina for the cultivation of 
 cocoa, which in former times rendered this locality famous, induced 
 the Government to enter into a contract with Signor Attilio La- 
 zaro Riatti, of Italy, for the purpose of bringing to Matina immi- 
 grants of all nationalities, who should engage in the aforesaid cul- 
 tivation and restore as far as practicable the former state of things. 
 Signor Riatti has been given for that purpose 1,600 acres of land 
 
84 COSTA RICA. 
 
 in the neighborhood of the Limon Railroad and in the locahties 
 which once were more renowned, and ample means and induce- 
 ments to carry this plan to success have been granted to him. 
 
 MR. Reynolds's American colony. 
 
 An earnest effort is being made by Mr. W. H. Reynolds, of 
 Hornellsville, N. Y., to establish an American colony in the fer- 
 tile territory of the Republic which borders upon the Atlantic, on 
 lands where cocoa, coffee, sugar cane, cotton, and many other agri- 
 cultural productions of great value can be copiously raised. The 
 Government has given Mr. Reynolds 66,000 acres of land to carry 
 out his scheme, and granted exemption of duties for three years 
 on all goods and articles imported into the country for the use 
 of his colonists, and many other privileges and advantages of recog- 
 nized importance. 
 
 Mr. Reynolds has bound himself to take to the aforesaid local- 
 ity one hundred American families, in agricultural labors, of good 
 moral standing and experienced, and settle them in the places, 
 within the limits of the tract granted, which are best adapted for 
 the kind of cultivation selected, providing them with a house, 
 seeds, implements, and other things necessary. Sufficient area is 
 to be set apart in these lands for the construction of a town. 
 
 THE coco ISLAND GERMAN COLONY. 
 
 A German subject by the name of August Gussler has entered 
 into a contract with the Government by which he bound himself 
 to take to the Costa Rican island named Coco, on the Pacific 
 Ocean, a colony of fifty German families. An area of a square 
 kilometer is to be reserved to build a town, and' the rest of the 
 territory is to be divided in lots of 16 hectares each, and arranged 
 in such a way as to allow Mr. Gussler to have one and the Costa 
 Rican Government the next, and so on equally and alternately. 
 
COSTA RICA. 85 
 
 THE RODRIGUEZ COLONY. 
 
 Under a contract with Don Eusebio Rodriguez, a rich land 
 owner in the San Carlos Valley, some portion of the lands belong- 
 ing to that gentleman, and situated in the immediate neighborhood 
 of the Nicaragua Interoceanic Canal, is to be divided into lots 
 and set apart for colonists, and devoted to agricultural purposes. 
 Senor Rodriguez is given for a certain time the use of $25,000, 
 to be advanced by the Government, and many other privileges of 
 importance. 
 
 OTHER CONCESSIONS. 
 
 In its desire to promote agriculture, the Costa Rican Govern- 
 ment has made other concessions, as follows : One to Don Vicente 
 Guardia and Don Odilon Jimenez, for the establishment of a 
 sugar plantation at Guanacaste; another to Don Jose Machado y 
 Pinto, for the establishment of a bank, under the name of " The 
 Costa Rican Loan, Trust, and Colonization Bank," with a capital 
 of $5,000,000, divided into 5,000 shares of $1,000 each, the Gov- 
 ernment guaranteeing a dividend of 4 per cent a year. 
 
Chapter XIII. 
 
 HISTORICAL AND BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTES. 
 
 The history of Costa Rica can be divided naturally into three 
 different periods : 
 
 (i) One which might be called colonial, and covers more than 
 three centuries, from 1 502, the year of the discovery, to 1 82 1 , the 
 year of the declaration of independence from Spain; 
 
 (2) Another of about twenty-seven years, between 1821 and 
 1848, the latter being the year in which Costa Rica ceased to be 
 a State of the Central American Confederation ; 
 
 (3) And another from 1848 to the present date. 
 
 Nothing particularly important — capable to single Costa Rica 
 out of the other colonies of Spain in the New World — can be 
 found in the first period. The Costa Rican soil was submitted 
 to the same system of government as all the other dominions of 
 Spain in America. And the sixty-two rulers who, whether with 
 the name of governors or adelantados or alcaldes mayores, exercised 
 jurisdiction in Costa Rica, and succeeded each other during these 
 three hundred and twenty years, were more or less the same as the 
 other rulers and viceroys of Spain in Spanish America. 
 
 Men of great ability can be found among them. Diego de 
 Nicuesa, the first Spaniard who ever settled in Costa Rica, and 
 was also its first governor, deserves to be remembered in history, 
 Juan de Cavallon, Juan de Estrada Ravago, Juan Vazquez de 
 Coronado, Rodrigo Arias de Maldonado, and others, occupy high 
 
 86 
 
o 
 
 ^H. 
 
COSTA RICA. 87 
 
 positions in the hearts and the esteem of the Costa Rican people. 
 The last Spanish ruler was Don Juan Manuel de Canas, who in 
 October, 1821 yielded to the inevitable, joined the independent 
 movement, and became an officer of the new-born State. 
 
 During the second period Costa Rica witnessed all the events 
 which took place between the 15th of September, 1821, in which 
 Guatemala proclaimed its independence from Spain, and the 30th 
 of August, 1848, in which she accepted the accomplished facts, 
 withdrew from the Confederacy, ceased to be the State of Costa 
 Rica, and began new life under the title which she still retains of 
 the Republic of Costa Rica. 
 
 During the third period Costa Rica has had the good fortune 
 to live in peace, with no other disturbances than those produced 
 by the invasion of Walker in Central America, during which she 
 crowned herself with glory for her heroic and successful efforts 
 to secure the independence of the common country. 
 
 Her first President during this period was Don Jose Maria 
 Castro, to whom the Costa Rican Congress decreed the title of 
 Founder of the Republic. Don Juan Rafael Mora, who succeeded 
 him, is one of the most conspicuous and meritorious figures in 
 Central American history. The country owes him a great debt of 
 ■ gratitude. 
 
 The administration of Don Bernardo Soto distinguished itself 
 for its high spirit of progress and its earnest efforts in promoting 
 the welfare of the country. 
 
 Don Jose Joaquin Rodriguez is the present incumbent of the 
 Costa Rican presidential chair. He was inaugurated on the 8th 
 of May, 1890; and his administration has so far proved to be 
 no less patriotic, farsighted, and acceptable to the country, than the 
 most popular one which has ever existed in Costa Rica. 
 
 The following list of publications, both official and unofficial, 
 which by no means is claimed to be complete, will help the student 
 
88 COSTA RICA. 
 
 in acquiring as full a knowledge as may be desired of that inter- 
 esting country : 
 
 COSTA RICAN OFFICIAL PUBLICATIONS. 
 
 Anuario Estadistico de la Repi'iblica de Costa Rica (Yearbook of the Republic of Costa 
 Rica). Published ever)' year by the Costa Rican Bureau of Statistics at San Jose. 
 
 Memoria de la Secretariade Relaciones Exteriores, etc. (Report of the Secretarj'of For- 
 eign Relations, etc.). Published every year at San Jos6. 
 
 Memoria de la Secretaria de Hacienda (Report of the Secretary of the Treasury). Pub- 
 lished every year at San Jose. 
 
 Memoria del Secretario de Guerra y Marina (Report of the Secretary of War and of the 
 Navy). Published every j'ear at San Jos6. 
 
 Memoria de la Secretaria de la Gobernacion, etc. (Report of the Secretary of the Inte- 
 rior, etc.). Published every year at San Jose. 
 
 Constitucion de la Repftblica de Costa Rica (Constitution of the Republic of Costa 
 Rica). Grand edition. Madrid, 1889. 
 
 Codigo Civil (Civil Code). San Jose, 1887. 
 
 Codigo de Procedimientos Civiles (Code of Civil Procedure). San Jos6, 1887. 
 
 C6digo Penal (Penal Code). San Jos6, 1880. 
 
 Codigo Militar (Military Code). San Jos^, 1884. 
 
 Codigo Fiscal (Code of Laws relating to the Treasury). San Jos6, 1S85. 
 
 Reglamento del Registro Publico (Rules for the Registration of Property). San Jose, 
 1887. 
 
 Arancel de Aduanas (Tariff). San Jose. 
 
 Reglamento Consular de la Repdblica de Costa Rica (Consular Regulations of the 
 Republic of Costa Rica). San Jose, 1852. 
 
 Cat41ogo de los objetos que han figurado en la exposici6n nacional de 15 de Setiembre 
 de 1886, redactado de orden del Gobierno por la Direcri6n general de estadistica 
 (Official catalogue of the articles exhibited at the National Costa Rican Exhibition 
 of 1886). San Jos6, 1886. 
 
 Anales del Museo Nacional de la Republica de Costa Rica(.\nnals of the National 
 Museum of Costa Rica). San Ios6, 1S88. 
 
 Boletin Trimestral del Instituto Meteorologico Nacional (Quarterly Bulletin of the 
 National Jleteorological Institute). San Jose. 
 
 UNITED STATES OFFICIAL PIBLICATIOXS. 
 
 Report by Consul Morrell on the trade of Costa Rica (and the Costa Rican Railroad) in 
 
 1879-80 (February 15, 1881). In United States Consular Reports II, 5, 370. 
 Report by Consul Morrell on the credit and trade system of Costa Rica (Tulv 5, 1883). 
 
 In United States Consular Reports XIII, 43, 434. 
 Report by Consul Schroeder onthe trade (tarifT and coffee) of Costa Rica with the United 
 
 States (December 26, 1884). In United States Consular Reports XV, 51, 476. 
 Report by Consul Schroeder on the hard woods of Costa Rica (March 28, 1885). In 
 
 United States Consular Reports XVI, 53, 122. 
 Report by Consul Schroeder on the tariff of Costa Rica (February 2, 1885). In United 
 
 States Consular Reports XVI, 53, iSg. 
 
COSTA RICA. 
 
 89 
 
 Report by Consul Wingfield on the production and trade of coffee in Costa Rica (Octo- 
 ber 18, 18S7). In United States Consular Reports XXVIII, 98, 54. 
 
 Report by Consul Wingfield on the recorded indebtedness of Costa Rica (July ig, i88g). 
 In United States Consular Reports XXXI, no and in, 648. 
 
 Report by Consul Wingfield on the agricultural products of Costa Rica. In United 
 States Consular Reports XXXII, 113, 171. 
 
 Report by Consul Mackey on Costa Rica and her commerce, geography, people, rail- 
 ways, mines, agriculture, imports and exports, chief towns (April 30, 1890), In 
 United States Consular Reports XXXIII, 116, 120. 
 
 Report by Consul Mackey on the public lands of Costa Rica (July 18, i8go). In United 
 States Consular Reports XXXIII, iig, 611. 
 
 Report by Consul Mackey on the currency and finances of Costa Rica. In United 
 States Consular Reports XXXIV, 123, 665. 
 
 BRITISH OFFICIAL PUBLICATION'S. 
 
 Report b.v Consul Meugens on the trade and commerce of Costa Rica for the year 1878 
 
 (February 13, i87g). In Reports from H. M.'s Consuls, Part II, 1879, 8. 
 Report by Consul Sharpe on the trade and commerce of Costa Rica in 1889, in No, 694 
 
 of Diplomatic and Consular Reports, i8go. 
 Trade of Central America with the United Kingdom, in "Annual Statement of the 
 
 Trade of the United Kingdom with Foreign Countries and British Possessions in 
 
 the year 1884." 
 
 UNOFFICIAL PUBLICATIONS. 
 
 Calvo. Reptblica de Costa Rica. Apuntamientos geograficos, estadlsticos e histo- 
 
 ricos compilados y arreglados por Joaquin Bernardo Calvo. San Jose, 1887. 
 C-ALVO. The Republic of Costa Rica, by Joaquin Bernardo Calvo; translated from 
 
 the Spanish and edited by L. de T., with introduction, additions, and extensions 
 
 by the editor. Chicago and New York, iSgo. 
 Calvo. The Republic of Costa Rica. Some facts and figures compiled and arranged 
 
 by J. B. Calvo. Washington, D. C, i8go. 
 Fernandez. Historia de Costa Rica durante la dominaci6n espaiiola — -1502 4 1821 — 
 
 por Don Leon Fernandez. Madrid, 1889. 
 Molina. Coup d'oeil rapide sur la Republique de Costa Rica, par D. Felipe Molina. 
 
 Paris, 1849. 
 Molina. Bosquejo de Costa Rica, por Don Felipe Molina. London, 1851. 
 Molina. Costa Rica and New Granada, por Don Felipe Molina. London, 1853. 
 OsEjO. Lecciones de Geografia, por Don Rafael Francisco Osejo. 
 Fernandfz. Coleccion de documentos para la historia de Costa Rica, recogidos por 
 
 Don Leon Fernandez. San Jose. 
 Wagner. Die Republik von Costa Rica in Central Amerika, bei Moritz Wagner. 
 
 Leipzig, 1856. 
 Laurey. Notice sur le Golfe Dulce dans I'Etat de Costa Rica (Amerique Centrale) et 
 
 sur un nouveau passage entre les deux Oceans, avec une carte, par M. Gabriel 
 
 Lafond de Laurey, consul general, charg6 d'affaires de Costa Rica en France. 
 
 Paris. 1856. 
 
go COSTA RICA. 
 
 ScHERZER. Wandcrungen durch die Mittelamerikanisqhen Freistaaten, bei Karl 
 
 Ritter Von Scherzer. Braunschweig, 1857. 
 Froeeel. Aus Amerika, bei Julius Froebel. Leipzig, i857-'58. 
 MoRELOT. Voyage dans l'Am6rique Centrale, par L. Morelot. Paris, 1859. 
 Marr. Reise nacli Centralamerika, bei N. Marr, Hamburg, 1863. 
 CiNELLi. Compendio de Geografia, por D. Francisco Alfonso Cinelli. San Jos6, 
 
 1865. 
 KuRTZE, Interoceanic Railroad through the Republic of Costa Rica, by F. Kurtze. 
 
 New York, 1866. 
 Scherzer. Statistisch-commerzielle Ergebnisse einer Reise um die Erde, by Karl 
 
 Ritter von Scherzer. Leipzig, 1867. 
 Boyle. Ride across a continent: a personal narrative of wanderings through Nicaragua 
 
 and Costa Rica. London, 1868, 
 Belly. A travers TAraferique Centrale, par Felix Belly. Paris, 1872. 
 Peralta. La R6publique de Costa Rica, par D. Manuel M. de Peralta. Geneve, 
 
 1870. 
 Peralta. Costa Rica, its Climate, Constitution and Resources, by D, Manuel M. de 
 
 Peralta. London, 1873. 
 Peralta. Costa Eica, Nicaragua y Panami en el siglo XVX, su historia y sus limites, 
 
 segfin los documentos del Archive de Indias de Sevilla, del de Simancas, etc., re- 
 
 cogidos ypublicados por D. Manuel M. de Peralta. Madrid, Paris, 1883. 
 Peralta. El Rio de San Juan de Nicaragua. Derechos historicosde sus riberenos;las 
 
 Repiiblicas de Costa Rica y Nicaragua, segdn los documentos hist6ricos, por D. 
 
 Manuel M. de Peralta. Madrid, 1882. 
 Peralta. Costa Rica y Colombia, de 1573 4 1881, por D. Manuel M. de Peralta. Ma- 
 drid, 1886. 
 Peralta. El Canal Interoceinico de Nicaragua y Costa Rica en 1620 y en 1887. Re- 
 
 laciones de Diego de Mercado y Thos. C. Reynolds, por D. Manuel M. de Peralta. 
 
 Bruselas, 1887. 
 Ferraz. Aguas Termales de Cartago, Costa Rica. San Jos^, 1S86. 
 Kellnor. Reports to the Council of Foreign Bondholders, by Sir George Kellnor. 
 Livesey. Report to the Directors of the Costa Rica Railway Company, by M. Livesey. 
 Crespl Costa Rica and Central America: Commerce, climate, immigration, natural 
 
 resources, by R. A. Crespi. San Jos6. 
 Villavicencio. Repfiblica de Costa Rica. Historia, geografia, reino mineral, reino 
 
 vegetal, reino animal, poblaci6n, instrucci6n ptiblica, ejercito, industrias, comer- 
 
 cio, vias de comunicaci6n, rentas, gastos, deuda, por D. Enrique Villavicencio. 
 
 San Jos6, 1886. 
 Iglesias. La mas pequena de las Repfiblicas americanas. San Jos6, 1887. 
 Jimenez. Instrucci6n c'lvica para el uso de las escuelas de Costa Rica, por D. 
 
 Ricardo Jimenez. San Jose, 1888. 
 BiOLLEY. Costa Rica et son avenir, par Paul Biolley. Paris, i88g. 
 Biolley. Costa Rica and her future, by Paul Biolley, translated from the French 
 
 b)' Cecil Charles. Washington, 1880. 
 Banco Agricola Colonizador dela Rephblica de Costa Rica. San Jos6, 1890. 
 Schroeder. Costa Rica como lugar para inmigrantes 4 los terrenos baldios. Un 
 
 folleto de observaciones personales, por John Schroeder. San Josfe, i3go. 
 
COSTA RICA. 91 
 
 Barrantes. Geografia de Costa Rica, por Francisco Montero Barrantes. San Jos6, 
 
 1890. 
 PiTTiER. Apuntaciones sobre el clima y geografia de la Repdblica de Costa Rica, 
 
 por H. Pittier. San Jos6, 1890. 
 POLAKOWSKY. Flora de Costa Rica, por H. Polakowsky, traducido del alemin por 
 
 D. Manuel Carazo Peralta y anotado por H, Pittier. San Jos6, i8go. 
 Maluquer. Repdblica de Costa Rica, (Notas bibliogriificas) por D. Jos6 Maluquer 
 
 y Salvador. Madrid, iSgo. 
 Peralta. La propri6t6 fonci^re, par J. F. Peralta. Paris, i8go. 
 
o 
 
 H 
 
Appendix A. 
 Import Duties of Costa Rica. 
 
 DERECHOS DE IMPORTACION EN COSTA RICA. 
 
 Eqitivale}its 
 
 \ silver peso =$0,736 United States (July i, i8gi). 
 
 I kilo = 2. 2046 pounds. 
 
 ARTICLE OF MERCHANDISE. 
 
 Duty per 
 
 pound 
 
 in U.S. 
 
 currency. 
 
 ARTICULO DE MERCANCI.V. 
 
 Agrinoltuial products and provi- 
 sions. 
 
 Allspice 
 
 Almonds 
 
 Bacon, in tins or otherwise. 
 
 Balsam, crude 
 
 Barks, dyeing or tanning. . . . 
 
 Barley 
 
 Barley, pearl 
 
 Beans 
 
 Butter 
 
 Cocao, in seeds 
 
 Capers 
 
 Carmine 
 
 Cassia, raw or ground 
 
 Cheese, in tins or otherwise 
 
 Chestnuts 
 
 Chocolate 
 
 Cinnamon, raw or ground. . 
 
 Cloves 
 
 Cochineal 
 
 Cocoa, ground 
 
 Cocoa butter 
 
 Comfits and sweetmeats 
 
 Cork, unmanufactured 
 
 Corn 
 
 Dollars. 
 037 
 007 
 023 
 
 log 
 013 
 007 
 023 
 007 
 013 
 023 
 
 043 
 179 
 
 037 
 023 
 007 
 043 
 073 
 073 
 073 
 043 
 073 
 043 
 037 
 007 
 
 Derechos 
 por kilo 
 en mone- 
 da de Cos- 
 ta Rica. 
 
 Froductos de agricultura y viveres. 
 
 Jamaica 
 
 Almendras 
 
 Tocinos 6 tocinetas, vengan 6 no 
 
 en latas 
 
 Balsamo en estado natural 
 
 Cortezas tintoreas 6 curtientes . 
 
 Cebada 
 
 Cebada perlada 
 
 Frijoles 
 
 Manteca de vaca 
 
 Cacao en grano 
 
 Alcapanas 
 
 Carmin 
 
 Canelon en ramo 6 molida 
 
 Quesos, vengan 6 no en latas . . 
 
 Castafias 
 
 Chocolate 
 
 Canela en rama 6 molida 
 
 Clavos de olor 
 
 Cochinilla 
 
 Cacao, molido 
 
 Manteca de cacao 
 
 Confites y confituras 
 
 Corcho en bruto 
 
 Maiz 
 
 .02 
 
 .07 
 •33 
 .04 
 . 02 
 .07 
 . 02 
 .04 
 .07 
 
 - 13 
 ■54 
 . II 
 .07 
 . 02 
 ■13 
 
 . 22 
 
 . 22 
 . 22 
 
 ■ 13 
 . 22 
 
 - 13 
 . II 
 .02 
 
 NOTE. — A reciprocal commercial arrangement entered into between the United States and 
 Costa Rica, which awaits the confirmation of the Congress of the latter country, will make ma- 
 terial changes in some of these rates. In consideration of the free admission of Costa Rican 
 sugar, coffee, etc., into the United States, certain agricultural and other products of the United 
 States will enjoy reduced rates, and in some instances will be admitted free into Costa Rica. 
 
 93 
 
94 
 
 COSTA RICA. 
 
 ARTICLE OK MERCHANDISE. 
 
 Agricnltaral products and provi- 
 sions — Continued. 
 
 Crackers and biscuits, fine and 
 common 
 
 Cumin seeds 
 
 Extract of beef 
 
 Feculse used in manufactures . . . 
 
 Fish, with or without oil, in tins 
 or otherwise 
 
 Flour, of oats, wheat, corn, etc . 
 
 Fruits, dried, all kinds 
 
 Fruits, fresh, not preserved, with 
 or without shells 
 
 Fruits in brandy and sirups, not 
 medicinal 
 
 Fruits, preserved in their own 
 juice or sirup 
 
 Gallnuts 
 
 Gelatin 
 
 Grain, not specified, such as corn, 
 wheat, etc 
 
 Hams, in tins or otherwise 
 
 Hay and other kinds of forage. . 
 
 Indigo 
 
 Ivory, vegetable and crude 
 
 Ivory, vegetable, crude 
 
 Jellies of all kinds. 
 
 Lard 
 
 Linseed, in grain or ground 
 
 Macaroni oi vermicelli 
 
 Malt of barley or any other fer- 
 menting substance 
 
 Meats of all kinds, smoked, dried, 
 or in brine 
 
 Meats, preserved or potted, with 
 or without oil, in tins or other- 
 wise 
 
 Milk, condensed 
 
 Mustard, powdered, in grain or 
 compounded 
 
 Must of barley or other ferment- 
 ing substance 
 
 Nutmeg 
 
 Nuts 
 
 Nuts, hazel 
 
 Oats 
 
 Olives 
 
 Pastilles of sugar and gum 
 
 Pepper, ground or whole 
 
 Pickles 
 
 Duty per 
 
 pound 
 
 in U.S. 
 
 currency. 
 
 . 023 
 ■ 037 
 ■043 
 •037 
 
 . 023 
 . 013 
 
 .043 
 
 . 007 
 
 .073 
 
 .043 
 .037 
 .037 
 
 . 007 
 . 023 
 .007 
 
 •073 
 .007 
 . 007 
 
 ■043 
 .013 
 
 . 007 
 . 023 
 
 . 013 
 
 .013 
 
 . 023 
 •033 
 
 •043 
 
 .013 
 
 ■073 
 .007 
 . 007 
 . 007 
 .043 
 
 •043 
 . 031 
 .043 
 
 Fiodnctos de agiicoltura y viveies — 
 Continfia. 
 
 Galletas finas (1 ordinarias 
 
 Cominos 
 
 Extracto de came 
 
 Feculas de uso industrial 
 
 Pescado, en 6 sinaceite, vengan 
 
 6 no en latas 
 
 Harina de trigo, avena y maiz, 
 
 etc 
 
 Frutas secas de toda clase 
 
 Frutas frescas, no confitadas, 
 
 con 6 sin cascara 
 
 Frutas en aguardiente y jarabes 
 
 no medicinales 
 
 Frutas azucaradas, conservadas 
 
 en su propio jugo 6 en miel . . , 
 
 Nuez agalla 
 
 Gelatina 
 
 Granos no especificados, como 
 
 maiz, trigo, etc 
 
 Jamones, vengan 6 no en latas. , 
 Heno y otros pastos y forrage. . . 
 
 Afiil 
 
 Corozo 6 marfil vegetal enbruto. 
 
 Marfil vegetal en bruto 
 
 Jaleas de todas clases 
 
 Manteca de cerdo 
 
 Linaza en grano 6 molida 
 
 Fideos 6 macarrones 
 
 Lfipulo y mosto de cebada y 
 
 cualquiera sustancia fermen- 
 table 
 
 Carnes de todas clases, ahuma- 
 
 das, secas 6 en salmuera 
 
 Carnes conservadas 6 condimen- 
 
 tadas, con 6 sin aceite, vengan 
 
 6 no en latas 
 
 Leche condensada 
 
 Mostaza en polvo, granos 6 com- 
 
 puesta 
 
 Mosto de cebada 6 de cualquiera 
 
 otra sustancia fermentable. . . . 
 
 Nuez moscada 
 
 Nueces 
 
 Avellanas 
 
 Avena 
 
 Aceitunas 
 
 Pastillas de azucar y de goma. . 
 
 Pimienta molida 6 er. grano 
 
 Encurtidos 
 
 Derechos 
 
 per kilo 
 
 en mone- 
 
 da ae Cos- 
 
 .a Rica. 
 
COSTA RICA. 
 
 95 
 
 ARTICLE OF MERCHANDISE. 
 
 Agricultural pioducts and provi- 
 sions—Continued. 
 
 Potatoes, fresh 
 
 Preserves 
 
 Preserves of all kinds not speci- 
 fied 
 
 Rice 
 
 Rye 
 
 Saffron 
 
 Sago, powdered or in grain 
 
 Salt, ordinary 
 
 Sauces of all kinds 
 
 Sausages 
 
 Seeds and barks, medicinal 
 
 Seed, canary 
 
 Seeds of vegetables, flowers, and 
 plants 
 
 Shellfish, preserved, with or with- 
 out oil, or with condiments in 
 cans or otherwise 
 
 Spices, not mentioned 
 
 Starch 
 
 Starch of yucca 
 
 Substances of nutritious fecula, 
 not specified 
 
 Sugar, brown 
 
 Sugar, brown, in loaves 
 
 Sugar, refined 
 
 Sugar, unrefined 
 
 Sweetmeats and pastilles of su- 
 gar and gum 
 
 Sirups, not medicinal 
 
 Tagua, or vegetable ivory, crude. 
 
 Tea 
 
 Vegetables, fresh 
 
 Vegetables, fresh 
 
 Vegetables in vinegar or brine. . 
 
 Vinegar, ordinary 
 Wheat 
 
 Arms and ammunition. 
 
 Ammunition for hunting 
 
 Bladed arms 
 
 Blades, for swords, etc 
 
 Bullets and buckshot 
 
 Carbines, each 
 
 Cartridges, loaded, for all kinds 
 of arms 
 
 Duty per 
 
 pound 
 
 inU. S. 
 
 currency. 
 
 Dollars. 
 . 007 
 •043 
 
 ■043 
 . 023 
 . 007 
 
 ■073 
 .023 
 . 007 
 
 ■043 
 . 023 
 . log 
 .023 
 
 .003 
 
 . 023 
 
 • 037 
 
 • 037 
 .023 
 
 .023 
 . 007 
 . 007 
 
 • 037 
 . 023 
 
 .043 
 .073 
 . 007 
 .073 
 . 007 
 . 007 
 .043 
 
 . 023 
 . 007 
 
 .023 
 1. 629 
 
 1. 629 
 .023 
 
 2. 205 
 
 2.173 
 
 ARTICULO DE MERCANCIA. 
 
 Derechos 
 por kilo 
 
 en mone- 
 da de Cos- 
 ta Rica. 
 
 Froductos de agricultura y viveres — 
 Contintia. 
 
 Papas frescas 
 
 Almibares 
 
 Conservas de todas clases no' 
 
 especificadas 
 
 Arroz 
 
 Centeno 
 
 Azafran 
 
 Sagfi en polvo 6 en grano 
 
 Sal comun 
 
 Salsas de toda clase 
 
 Salchichones 
 
 Semillas y cortezas medicinales. 
 
 Alpiste 
 
 Semillas de legumbres, fiores y 
 
 plantas 
 
 Mariscos conservados, en 6 sin 
 
 aceite, 6 condimentados, ven- 
 
 gan 6 no en latas 
 
 Esp'ecias, no especificadas 
 
 Almidon 
 
 Almidon de yuca 
 
 Sustancias feculentas alimenti- 
 
 cias no especificadas 
 
 Panela 
 
 Dulce en panela 6 marqueta ... 
 
 Aziicar, refinada 
 
 Azdcar, sin refinar 
 
 Dulces y pastillas de aziicar y 
 
 goma 
 
 Jarabes no medicinales 
 
 Tagua en bruto 
 
 Tk 
 
 Legumbres frescas 
 
 Hortalizas, frescas 
 
 Hortalizas en vinagre 6 sal- 
 
 muera 
 
 Vinagre comun 
 
 Trigo 
 
 Armas y rauniciou. 
 
 Munici6n de caza 
 
 Armas blancas 
 
 Hojas para armas blancas 
 
 Balas y balinas 
 
 Carbinas, cada uno 
 
 Capsulas 6 cartuchos fulminan- 
 tes, cargados, para toda clase 
 de armas 
 
 Pesos. 
 
q6 
 
 COSTA RICA. 
 
 ARTICLE OF MERCHANDISE. 
 
 Aims and ammunition — Continued. 
 
 Cartridges, or fulminating caps, 
 not loaded, for all kinds of 
 arms 
 
 Daggers 
 
 Daggers 
 
 Firearms 
 
 Foils 
 
 Nipples for firearms 
 
 Fulminating caps for nipple fire- 
 arms 
 
 Hammers for firearms 
 
 Pieces of metal, loose, for fire- 
 arms 
 
 Revolvers each . . 
 
 Sabers 
 
 Shotguns each . , 
 
 Side arms 
 
 Swords 
 
 Swords, small, metal 
 
 Triggers, for firearms 
 
 Beverages. 
 
 Aniseed rum of " mono," in bar- 
 rels 
 
 Aniseed rum of " mono," in bot- 
 tles 
 
 Beer, in barrels or in bottles 
 
 Brandy, in barrels or demijohns. . 
 
 Brandy, in any other vessel 
 
 Cider, in bottles or barrels . . 
 Gin, in barrels or demijohns. 
 
 Gin, in bottles 
 
 Gin, in clay bottles, deducting 
 the difference corresponding in 
 weight, between these bottles 
 and those of glass 
 
 Liquors, not prohibited, in bar- 
 rels or demijohns 
 
 Liquors, in any other vessel, not 
 prohibited 
 
 Mistelas (sweet wines), in barrels 
 or demijohns .- 
 
 Mistelas (sweet wines), in bottles. 
 
 Whisky, in barrels or demijohns. 
 
 Whisky, in 
 vessel . . . 
 
 any other kmd of 
 
 Duty per 
 
 pound 
 
 in U. S. 
 
 currency 
 
 Dollars . 
 
 2. 173 
 I. 629 
 
 r. 629 
 
 •999 
 
 1. 629 
 
 2. 173 
 2. 173 
 
 2-. 173 
 2. 205 
 
 1. 629 
 
 2. 205 
 I. 629 
 I. 629 
 
 . 109 
 2- 173 
 
 ■ 199 
 
 ■ 149 
 . 023 
 . 267 
 
 • 199 
 
 . 023 
 
 . 267 
 
 .199 
 
 .199 
 
 . 267 
 
 .199 
 
 .199 
 
 .149 
 
 267 
 
 .199 
 
 ARTICULO DE MERCANCIA. 
 
 Derechos 
 I por kilo 
 ] en mone- 
 
 da de Cos- 
 ; ta Rica. 
 
 Armas y mnnici6n — Continua. 
 
 Capsulas 6 cartuchos fulminan- 
 tes, sincargar, para toda clase 
 de armas 
 
 Punales 
 
 Dagas 
 
 Armas de fuego 
 
 Floretes 
 
 Chimeneas para armas de fuego. 
 
 Capsulas fulminantes, para chi- 
 meneas de armas 
 
 Llaves para armas de fuego . . . 
 
 Piezas de metal, sueltas, para 
 armas de fuego 
 
 Jievolveres cada uno. . 
 
 Sables 
 
 Escopetas cada uno. . 
 
 Armas blancas 
 
 Espadas 
 
 Espadines, metal 
 
 Gatillos para armas de fuego. . . . 
 
 Bebidas. 
 
 Anizado del mono, en barriles . . 
 Anizado del mono, en botellas. . 
 
 Cerveza, en barriles 6 en botellas. 
 
 Cognac, en barriles 6 dama- 
 juanas 
 
 Cognac, en cualquiera otra en- 
 vase 
 
 Sidra, en botellas 6 barriles 
 
 Ginebra, en barriles 6 dama- 
 juanas 
 
 Ginebra, en botellas 
 
 Ginebra, en botellas de barro, 
 haciendo la deduccidn corre- 
 spondiente entre el peso de 
 estas botellasy las de vidrio. . 
 
 Licores de licita introduccion, 
 en barriles 6 damajuanas 
 
 Licores de licita introduccion, 
 en cualquier otro envase 
 
 Mistelas, en barriles 6 dama- 
 juanas 
 
 Mistelas, en botellas 
 
 Whiskey, en barriles 6 dama- 
 juanas 
 
 Whiskey, en cualquier otro en- 
 vase 
 
 Pesos. 
 
 52 
 
 00 
 
 6, 
 
 4. 
 
 4- 
 
 3- 
 
 4.89 
 
 6, 52 
 
 6.52 
 6.52 
 
 6.52 
 3.00 
 4.89 
 3.00 
 4.89 
 4.89 
 ■33 
 6.52 
 
 .60 
 
 ■45 
 
 .07 
 
 .80 
 
 .60 
 ■07 
 
 .80 
 .60 
 
 .60 
 .80 
 .60 
 
 .60 
 
 ■45 
 
 .80 
 .60 
 
COSTA RICA. 
 
 97 
 
 ARTICLE OF MERCHANDISE, 
 
 Beverages —Continued. 
 Wines of all kinds, in bottles. . . . 
 
 Wines of all kinds, without being 
 bottled, in hogsheads, demi- 
 johns, jars, or casks, etc 
 
 Wines, red, in demijohns, jars, or 
 barrels 
 
 Wines, red, table, in bottles 
 
 Chemical pioducts, drags, and me- 
 dicinal pieparations. 
 
 Acids, acetic, nitric, oxalic, sul- 
 phuric, tartaric, citric, salicylic, 
 phenic '. 
 
 Albumen 
 
 Alcohol, absolute, for the use of 
 drug stores, in quantities not 
 exceeding i6 litres 
 
 Alum 
 
 Ambergris 
 
 Ammonia, liquid or salts 
 
 Aniline 
 
 Aqua fortis and aqua regia 
 
 Azotate 
 
 Balsam, compounded 
 
 Barks, medicinal 
 
 Bicarbonate of soda, powdered. . 
 
 Bitter drops 
 
 Borax 
 
 Candles, sperm or composition. 
 
 Capsules, medicinal 
 
 Carbonate of soda, crystallized. . , 
 
 Citrate of magnesia 
 
 Coal oil 
 
 Coal, vegetable, of Belloc 
 
 Colors, prepared 
 
 Comfits, medicinal 
 
 Court-plaster or healing piaster. 
 
 Dextrin 
 
 Drugs, not specified 
 
 Essences, concentrated 
 
 Extracts, dyeing 
 
 Extracts, such as patchouli, 
 ylang-ylang, and other articles 
 of perfumery .■ 
 
 Globules and homeopathic medi- 
 cines 
 
 Gunpowder, in pyrotechn i c a 1 
 mixtures 
 
 Duty per 
 
 pound 
 
 inU. S. 
 
 currency. 
 
 Dollars . 
 . 02g 
 
 ■ 043 
 
 .017 
 .01 
 
 .037 
 .037 
 
 053 
 037 
 363 
 037 
 179 
 037 
 013 
 
 499 
 log 
 
 073 
 109 
 
 073 
 037 
 
 109 
 037 
 1O9 
 037 
 499 
 073 
 073 
 log 
 037 
 179 
 449 
 073 
 
 • 363 
 ■ 499 
 .363 
 
 ARTfCULO DE MERCANCIA. 
 
 Derechos 
 por kilo 
 en mone- 
 da de Cos- 
 ta Rica. 
 
 Bebidas — Continda. 
 
 Vinos de todas clases embote- 
 llados 
 
 Vinos de todas clases, sin em- 
 botellas, en pipas, garrafones, 
 botijuelas 6 barriles 
 
 Vinos tintos, en garrafones, boti- 
 juelas 6 barriles 
 
 Vinos tintos de mesa, en botellas. 
 
 Froductos qiumicos, drogas y piepa- 
 laciones medicinales. 
 
 Acidos, ac^tico, cloritico 6 mu- 
 riitico, nitrico, oxilico, sulffi- 
 rico, tartirico, citrico, salici- 
 lico y f 6nico 
 
 Albumina 
 
 Alcohol, absoluto, para las boti- 
 cas hasta la cantidad de 16 
 litres 
 
 Alumbre 
 
 Ambargris 
 
 Amoniaco, sal 6 liquido 
 
 Anilinas 
 
 Agua forte y agua regia 
 
 Azotato 
 
 Balsamo compuesto 
 
 Cortezas medicinales 
 
 Bicarbonato de soda en polvo.. 
 
 Gotas amargas 
 
 Borax 6 atincar 
 
 Velas de esperma 6 de compo- 
 sici6n 
 
 Capsulas gelatinosas medicinales 
 
 Carbonatode soda, cristalizado. . 
 
 Citrato de magnesia 
 
 Petroleo 
 
 Carbon vegetal de Belloc 
 
 Colores preparados 
 
 Confites medicinales , 
 
 Tafetan 6 esparadrapo 
 
 Dextrina 
 
 Drogas, no expresadas 
 
 Esencias concentradas 
 
 Extractos tintoreos 
 
 Extractos,como patchouli, ilang- 
 ilang y otros articulos de per- 
 fumeria 
 
 Globulos y medicinashomeopA- 
 ticas 
 
 Pdlvora en mistos pirotfecnicos. 
 
 -7 
 
98 
 
 COSTA RICA. 
 
 ARTICLE OF MERCHANDISE. 
 
 Chemical products, drugs, and me- 
 dicinal preparations — Continued. 
 
 Gunpowder, unprepared 
 
 Ink, indelible 
 
 Ink, writing, in any kind of 
 vessel 
 
 Lampblack for ink 
 
 Lozenges, perfumed 
 
 Medicines, homeopathic 
 
 Medicines of quinine or ferrugi- 
 nous, patented or otherwise. . . . 
 
 Medicines of quinine or ferrugi- 
 nous, patented or not 
 
 Medicines, patented 
 
 Mixtures, pyrotechnical 
 
 Moxie 
 
 Musk, natural or imitation 
 
 N itrate 
 
 Oil, almond andcroton 
 
 Oil, castor or palma christi, lin- 
 seed, olive, and any other 
 natural oils, without mixture 
 and not patented 
 
 Oil, cod-liver 
 
 Oil, mineral 
 
 Oils, perfumed 
 
 Opiates 
 
 Oxide of zinc 
 
 Paints prepared with oil 
 
 Pastilles, medicinal 
 
 Perfumery not specified 
 
 Pill machines and all other uten- 
 sils and instruments, metallic, 
 used in drug stores 
 
 Pills, patented and compounded, 
 other than ferruginous pills. . . 
 
 Plasters, healing 
 
 Poison for hides, ants, flies, etc. 
 
 Duty per 
 
 pound 
 
 in U.S. 
 
 currency. 
 
 Pomades 
 
 Purpurin 
 
 Putty 
 
 Resin 
 
 Salt, nitric , 
 
 Salts, ammoniacal 
 
 Salts of fruit 
 
 Salts, Glauber, Epsom or English, 
 
 Salts, Rochelle 
 
 Sarsaparilla, prepared 
 Sarsaparilla, Bristol . . 
 Soap, fine, perfumed. . 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 . 216 
 .073 
 
 • 037 
 
 • 037 
 
 • 363 
 ■499 
 
 .037 
 
 • 037 
 •499 
 
 • 363 
 .037 
 
 5.776 
 .013 
 . 109 
 
 • 037 
 .037 
 
 • 363 
 
 • 363 
 
 • 363 
 
 • 037 
 ■ 037 
 .073 
 .363 
 
 • 037 
 
 .501 
 . 109 
 ■ 037 
 
 .363 
 
 •363 
 . 023 
 . 007 
 .073 
 
 .037 
 . 109 
 .073 
 
 • 073 
 .179 
 .179 
 
 • 363 
 
 ARTfcULO DE MERCANCIA. 
 
 Derechos 
 por kilo 
 en mone- 
 da de Cos- 
 ta Rica. 
 
 I 
 
 Productos quimicos, drogas y prepa- 
 raciones medicinales — Contintia. 
 
 P61vora sin elaborar 
 
 Tinta indeleble 
 
 Tinta para escribir en cualquiera 
 clase de envase 
 
 Negro de humo para tinta 
 
 Pastillas de perfumerla 
 
 Medicinas horaeopAticas 
 
 Medicinas de quina 6 ferrugi- 
 nosas, sean 6 no de patente . . 
 
 Medicinas de quina 6 ferrugi- 
 nosas, sean 6 no de patente. . . 
 
 Medicinas de patente 
 
 Mistos pirot^cnicos 
 
 Moxie (double extrait) 
 
 Almizcle, natural 6 imitado 
 
 Azotato 
 
 Aceite de almendrasyde croton. 
 
 Aceite, de castor 6 palma-cristi, 
 de linaza, oliva y toda otra 
 clase, que sea producto natu- 
 ral, sin mezcia, ni de patente. . 
 
 Aceite de bacalao 
 
 Aceite mineral 
 
 Aceites de olor 
 
 Opiatos , 
 
 Oxido de zinc 
 
 Pintura preparada con aceite. . . . 
 
 Pastillas medicinales 
 
 Perfumeria no especificada 
 
 Pildoreros y demAs (itiles 6 in- 
 strumentos met41icos parauso 
 de las boticas 
 
 Pildoras de patentey compuestas 
 no siendo ferruginosas 
 
 Esparadrapo 
 
 Veneno para cueros, hormigas, 
 moscas, etc 
 
 Pomadas 
 
 Purpurina 
 
 Masilla 
 
 Pez resina 
 
 Sal de nitro 
 
 Sales amoniacales 
 
 Sales de fruta 
 
 Sales de Glauber, Epson 6 de 
 I "iglaterra 
 
 Sal de Rochela 
 
 Zarzaparrilla, preparada 
 
 Zarzaparrilla de Bristol 
 
 Jabon, fino, perfumado 
 
COSTA RICA. 
 
 99 
 
 ARTICLE OF MERCHANDISE. 
 
 Duty per I 
 pound 
 ; inU. S. 
 currency 
 
 Chemical products, drugs, and me- 
 dicinal preparations— Continued. 
 
 Soap, ordinary. 
 
 Soap, ordinary, perfumed 
 
 Soda, caustic 
 
 Soda, purgative or refeshing 
 
 Sozodont 
 
 Sulphur 
 
 Sirups, patented 
 
 Tricopheros 
 
 Turpentine 
 
 Varnish, all kinds 
 
 Vaseline, not perfumed 
 
 Vinegar, toilet 
 
 Waters, Florida, lavender, Co- 
 logne, divine, Kananga, laurel, 
 bay rum, and other aromatic. 
 
 Waters, mineral and gaseous . . . . 
 
 White lead 
 
 Wines of quinine oriron, patented 
 or not 
 
 Wines, medicinal, patented, other 
 than of iron or quinine 
 
 Wines not patented 
 
 Clocks, jewelry, and precious metals. 
 
 Bars of gold or silver 
 
 Clock, wall or table 
 
 Cord, gold 
 
 Cord, silver 
 
 Diamonds, glazier 
 
 Ear rings, false 
 
 Epaulets, gold 
 
 Epaulets, silver 
 
 Gold in eyeglasses 
 
 Gold in galloons, epaulets, and 
 other similar objects 
 
 Gold, made into jewelry and 
 small fancy and ornamental 
 articles, with or without pearls 
 or stones 
 
 Gold in watches 
 
 Hourglasses, of sand or water . . . 
 
 Jewelry and ornaments, false . . . . 
 
 Jewelry, false 
 
 Jewelry, false, of any other metal. 
 
 Jewelry of gold, with or without 
 stones 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 029 
 
 179 
 013 
 109 
 
 179 
 037 
 
 499 
 179 
 037 
 073 
 037 
 179 
 
 .179 
 . 013 
 
 ■ 037 
 
 • 037 
 •499 
 
 • 037 
 
 Free. 
 
 • 363 
 2.893 
 1.449 
 
 • 363 
 
 • 363 
 2.893 
 1.449 
 2.893 
 
 2.893 
 
 2.893 
 
 2.893 
 
 . 109 
 
 •363 
 
 • 363 
 
 • 363 
 
 2.893 
 
 ARTICULO DE MBRCANCIA. 
 
 Derechos 
 por kilo 
 en mone- 
 da de Cos- 
 ta Rica. 
 
 Froductos quimicos, drogas y prepa- 
 raciones medicinales— Continda. 
 
 Jabon ordinario comun 
 
 Jabon ordinario perfumado . . . . 
 
 Sosa c4ustica 
 
 Soda, purgante 6 refrescante. . . . 
 
 Zozodonte 
 
 Azufre 
 
 Siropes, patentados 
 
 Tricofero 
 
 Aguarras 6 trementine 
 
 Barniz, de todas clases 
 
 Baselin, sin perfume 
 
 Vinagre de olor para el tocador 
 
 Aguas, Florida, lavanda, Colo- 
 nia, devina, Kananga, laurel, 
 bay-rum y otras arom^ticas. . . 
 
 Aguas minerales y gaseosas . . . . 
 
 Albayalde 
 
 Vinos de quina 6 ferruginosos, 
 sean 6 no de patente 
 
 Vinos medicinales de patente, 
 no siendo ferruginosos 6 de 
 
 quina 
 
 Vinos que no sean de patente 
 
 Eelojes, alhajas y metales preciosos. 
 
 Barras de oro 6 plata 
 
 Relojes de pared 6 de mesa ... 
 
 Cordones de oro 
 
 Cordones de plata 
 
 Diamantes para cortar vidrio . . 
 
 Aretes falsos 
 
 Charreteras de oro 
 
 Charreteras de plata 
 
 Oro en anteojos 
 
 Oro en galones, charrateras y 
 objetos semejantes 
 
 Oro en alhajas y objetos peque- 
 nos, de lujoyadorno, tengan 
 6 no piedras 6 perlas 
 
 Oro en relojes de bolsa 
 
 Relojes de agua y arena 
 
 Aderezos y adornos falsos 
 
 Alhajas falsas 
 
 Joyeria falsa de cualquier otro 
 
 metal 
 
 Joyeria de oro, con 6 sin piedras 
 
lOO 
 
 COSTA RICA. 
 
 ARTICLE OF MERCHANDISE. 
 
 Clocks, jewelry, and pTOcious met- 
 als— Continued, 
 
 Jewelry of gold, with or without 
 stones or pearls 
 
 Jewelry of silver, with or without 
 stones 
 
 Jewelry of silver, with or without 
 stones or pearls 
 
 Pearls, fine, unmounted 
 
 Precious stones, unmounted. . . . 
 
 Silver made into jewelry and ob- 
 jects of ornament and fancy, 
 though having stones or pearls 
 
 Springs, for watches or clocks . . 
 
 Tassels, gold 
 
 Watches, gold 
 
 Watches, silver 
 
 Watches of any other metal 
 
 Crockery, earths, earthenware, glass, 
 and porcelain. 
 
 Bottles, common and ordinary 
 glass 
 
 Breastpins, glass or crystal 
 
 Buttons, clay or china 
 
 Buttons, glass 
 
 Candlesticks, clay or china 
 
 Chalk 
 
 Cements 
 
 Chalk or marl 
 
 Chimneys, glass, for lamps 
 
 Crockery, common 
 
 Crucibles, clay 
 
 Crystal and glass in balls, paper- 
 weights, fancy inkstands, knobs, 
 and other similar objects 
 
 Crystal and glass in objects of 
 ornament 
 
 Crystal and glass in rods 
 
 Crystal and pane glass, colored 
 or otherwise, and that called 
 "muselina" 
 
 Crystals or glasses, quicksil- 
 vered, with or without frame. . , 
 
 Cups, earthenware and china . . . 
 
 Demijohns, clay or china 
 
 Dishes, clay or china 
 
 Demijohns, clay, empty 
 
 Demijohns, glass, empty 
 
 Duty per 
 
 pound 
 
 i> U.S. 
 
 currency. 
 
 Dollars. 
 2.893 
 1.449 
 
 1-349 
 33.332 
 33. 332 
 
 1.449 
 
 •363 
 2.893 
 2.893 
 1-443 
 
 .363 
 
 . 007 
 
 -363 
 .179 
 
 ■ 363 
 -037 
 -023 
 .003 
 . 023 
 .037 
 . 023 
 .003 
 
 .179 
 
 .179 
 -037 
 
 •037 
 
 .179 
 •037 
 .003 
 .037 
 . 003 
 . 007 
 
 ARTfCULO DE MERCANCIA. 
 
 Derechos 
 por kilo 
 
 en inone- 
 da de Cos- 
 ta Rica. 
 
 Belojes, alhajas y metales pre- 
 ciosas — Continiia. 
 
 Alhajas de oro, tengan 6 no pie- 
 dras 6 perlas 
 
 Joyeria de plata, con 6 sin pie- 
 dras 
 
 Alhajas de plata, tengan 6 no 
 piedras 6 perlas 
 
 Perlas finas sin montar 
 
 Piedras preciosas sin montar. . . 
 
 Plata en alhajas y joyeria y en 
 objetos de lujo y adorno, aun- 
 que tengan piedras 6 perlas. . 
 
 Muelles para relojes 
 
 Borlas de oro 
 
 Relojes de oro para bol^illo . . . 
 
 Relojes de plata para bolsillo. . 
 
 Relojes de bolsillo de cualquier 
 otro metal 
 
 Loza, cristalena y porcelana. 
 
 Botellasde vidrio comun y ordi- 
 nario 
 
 Prendedores de vidrio 6 cristal 
 
 Botones de barro 6 loza 
 
 Botones de cristal '. . . . 
 
 Candeleros, barro 6 loza 
 
 Tiza 
 
 Cimentos 
 
 Creta 6 greda 
 
 Tubosde vidrio para alumbrado 
 
 Loza ordinaria 
 
 Crisoles de barro 
 
 Cristal 6 vidrio en bolas, pisapa- 
 peles, tinteros de fantasia y 
 lujo, perillas y otros objetos 
 semejantes 
 
 Cristal 6 vidrio en objetos de 
 adorno 
 
 Cristal y vidrio en varillas 
 
 Cristales y vidrios pianos scan 
 6 no de color y los llamados 
 de muselina 
 
 Cristales 6 vidrios azogados, con 
 6 sin marco 
 
 Tazas de barro 6 loza 
 
 Garrafones de barro 6 loza .... 
 
 Fuentes de barro 6 loza 
 
 Damajuanas de barro, vacias . . 
 
 Damajuanas de vidrio, vacias. . 
 
COSTA RICA. 
 
 lOl 
 
 ARTICLE OF MERCHANDISE. 
 
 Ciockeiy, earths, earthenware, glass, 
 and poroelain — Continued. 
 
 Earthenware, all kinds of crock- 
 ery, as cups, plates, dishes, 
 jars, pitchers, chamber pots, 
 mortars, wash-basins, drug- 
 store jars, etc 
 
 Earthenware, articles for illumi- 
 nating, as globes, reflectors, re- 
 ceivers, and candlesticks 
 
 Earthenware balls busts, han- 
 dles, buttons, ink wells, stat- 
 uary, pipes, mouthpieces, and 
 fancy ornamental articles 
 
 Earths employed in construction, 
 in the arts and in industries . . . 
 
 Emery, in stone or powder for 
 polishing 
 
 Eyes, artificial, of glass or crystal. 
 
 Filters, metal, for water 
 
 Fixtures of clay or china for 
 illumination, such as globes, 
 reflectors, etc 
 
 Flasks, ordinary, without engrav- 
 ing 
 
 Fuller's earth or chalk 
 
 Glass and crystal in all kinds of 
 articles for personal use 
 
 Glass and crystal infancy objects 
 and of ornament, such as ink- 
 stands, paperweights, knobs, 
 and having parts of metal or 
 not, other than gold an4 silver. 
 
 Glass and crystal, in panes, col- 
 ored or otherwise, and the one 
 called "museline" 
 
 Glasses for watches Cwatch crys- 
 tals) 
 
 Glass, hollow, ordinary, such as 
 bottles, demijohns, flasks, and 
 covered or otherwise 
 
 Duty per 
 
 pound 
 
 in U.S. 
 
 currency . 
 
 Glass, imitation of crystal in ob- 
 jects for table services and 
 illumination, such as bottles, 
 tumblers, chimneys, globes, etc. 
 
 Glass or crystal, quicksilvered, 
 with or without frame 
 
 Glass, thick and ordinary, in the 
 form of plates, and tiles for sky- 
 lights 
 
 .037 
 ■ 037 
 
 .179 
 .003 
 
 • 037 
 •363 
 .023 
 
 -037 
 
 . 003 
 .023 
 
 • 363 
 
 .179 
 
 • 037 
 
 • 363 
 
 .007 
 
 .037 
 .179 
 
 . 007 
 
 ARTfcULO DE MERCANCIA. 
 
 Derechos 
 por kilo 
 en mone- 
 da de Cos- 
 ta Rica. 
 
 loza, cristaleria y porcelana — Con- 
 tinfia. 
 
 Barro 6 loza en toda clase de va- 
 jilla, como tazas, fuentes, pla- 
 tos, jarroz.picheles, bacinillas, 
 moteros, palanganas, pomos, 
 etc 
 
 Barro 6 loza en utiles para alum- 
 brado, como bombas, reflecto- 
 res, recipientes y candeleros.. 
 
 Barro 6 loza en bolas, bustos, 
 perillas, botones, escribanias, 
 esculturas, pipas 6boquillasy 
 enobjetosde fantasia yadorno. 
 
 Tierras impleadesen laconstruc- 
 ci6n, las artes y la industria . 
 
 Esmeril, en piedra 6 polvo para 
 pulir 
 
 Ojos artificiales de vidrio 6 cristal 
 
 Filtradores de metal para agua. . 
 
 Utiles de barro 6 loza para alum- 
 brado, como bombas, refiec- 
 tores, etc 
 
 Frascos, comunes, sin talladura 
 alguna 
 
 Greda 6 creta 
 
 Vidrio y cristal en todo g^nero 
 de prendas de uso personal. . . 
 
 Vidrioycristalenobjetos defan- 
 tasia y lujo, y los de adorno, 
 como tinteros, pisapapeles, 
 perillas y entre 6 no algdn 
 metal en su formaci6n no 
 siendo este oro 6 plata 
 
 Vidros y cristales pianos, sean 6 
 no de color, y los llamados de 
 " muselina " 
 
 Vidrios para relojes 
 
 Vidrio, hueco, comfin <i ordi- 
 nario, como botellas, dama- 
 juanas, frascos, y forrados 6 
 sin forrar 
 
 Vidrio, imitaci6n de cristal en 
 objetos para servicio de mesa 
 y alumbrado, como botellas, 
 vasos, tubes, bombas, etc 
 
 Vidrios 6 cristales azogados, con 
 marco 6 sin el 
 
 Vidrio grueso ordinario en forma 
 de planchas y tejas para luz. . . 
 
102 
 
 COSTA RICA. 
 
 ARTICLE OF MERCHANDISE. 
 
 Crockeiy, eaiths, earthenwaie, glass, 
 and porcelain — Continued. 
 
 Inkwells of clay or china 
 
 Jars, earth or china 
 
 Knobsof glassorcrystaland simi- 
 lar objects 
 
 Lenses 
 
 Measuring glasses 
 
 Mortars, clay, china, or marble . . . 
 
 Nursing bottles, glass 
 
 Pane glass, thick and ordinary, 
 for tiles and skylights 
 
 Pictures with frame and glass. . . , 
 
 Pipes of clay 
 
 Pitchers of clay or china 
 
 Plaster of Paris 
 
 Plates of clay or china 
 
 Pipes or mouthpieces of clay or 
 
 china 
 
 Pipes, smoking, of wood 
 
 Pots of clay or china 
 
 Receivers of claj' or china 
 
 Rock crystal 
 
 Reflectors of clay or china 
 
 Rods of glass or crystal 
 
 Services for the table, objects for 
 illumination, and articles made 
 of hollow crystal, orglass to imi- 
 tate it, such as bottles, glasses, 
 goblets, tubes, etc 
 
 Stone for building, forthe arts and 
 trades 
 
 Soup tureens of clay or china. . . 
 
 Syringes, glass 
 
 Table services of clay or china, 
 such as cups, dishes, plates, 
 ^ars, etc 
 
 Tiles, glazed 
 
 Tiles, paving 
 
 Tiles of clay for building 
 
 Tiles of thick, ordinary glass . . . . 
 
 Waiters, metal 
 
 Washbasins of clay or china 
 
 Water jars of clay 
 
 Duty per 
 pound 
 in U.S. 
 
 currency. 
 
 Fancy articles and small wares. 
 
 Alabaster, manufactured into ar- 
 ticles of more than 2 kilos 
 weight 
 
 Dollars. 
 179 
 
 367 
 073 
 037 
 073 
 
 007 
 
 109 
 003 
 037 
 007 
 037 
 
 179 
 363 
 
 037 
 037 
 363 
 037 
 037 
 
 .037 
 
 • 003 
 •037 
 •037 
 
 .037 
 .003 
 .003 
 
 Free. 
 .007 
 . 109 
 ■ 037 
 • 037 
 
 . 007 
 
 ARTfCULO DE MERCANCIA. 
 
 Loza, cristaleria y porcelana — Con- 
 tinua. 
 
 Escribanias, barro 6 loza 
 
 Jarros de loza 6 barro 
 
 Perillas de vidrio 6 cristal 6 ob- 
 jetos semejantes 
 
 Lentes 
 
 Medidas de cristal 
 
 Morterosde barro, loza 6 marmol 
 
 Mamaderas de cristal 
 
 Planchas de vidrio grueso, ordi- 
 nario para lumbreras 6 traja 
 luz 
 
 Cuadros con marco y vidrio . . . , 
 
 Tubos de barro 
 
 Picheles de barro 6 loza 
 
 Yeso 
 
 Platos de barro 6 loza 
 
 Pipas 6 boquillas de barro 6 loza 
 
 Pipas 6 cachimbas, madera, para 
 fumar 
 
 Ollas de barro 6 loza 
 
 Recipientes de barro 6 loza. ... 
 
 Rocalla de vidrio 
 
 Reflectores de barro 6 de loza. . 
 
 Varillas de vidrio 6 cristal 
 
 Serviciodemesay alumbrado, en 
 objetos de cristal hueco y 
 vidrio que lo imite, como bo- 
 tellas, vasos, copas, tubos, etc 
 
 Piedras paralaconstrucci6n, las 
 artes y la industria 
 
 Soperas de barro 6 loza 
 
 Jeringas de cristal 
 
 Vajilla en objetos de barro 6 
 loza, como tazas, fuentes, pla- 
 tos, jarros, etc 
 
 Azulejos de barro 
 
 Baldosas y baldosines de barro . 
 
 Tejas de barro para construccion. 
 
 Tejas de vidrio grueso ordinario, 
 
 Bandejas. metal 
 
 Palanganas de barro 6 loza. ... 
 
 Cantaros, barro, para agua 
 
 Merceria. 
 
 Alabastro, en objetos manufac- 
 turados de mas de 2 kilos de 
 peso 
 
 Derechos 
 por kilo 
 
 en mone- 
 
 da de Cos* 
 
 ta Rica. 
 
 •54 
 . II 
 
 •54 
 .09 
 . 22 
 . II 
 .22 
 
 .02 
 
 • 33 
 
 .01 
 
 . 11 
 
 .02 
 . II 
 
 • ;'4 
 
 1. 09 
 . II 
 . II 
 1. 09 
 . II 
 . II 
 
 .01 
 . II 
 . II 
 
 . II 
 .01 
 .01 
 
 Libres. 
 .02 
 • 33 
 . II 
 .11 
 
COSTA RICA. 
 
 103 
 
 ARTICLE OF MERCHANDISE. 
 
 Fancy artides and small wares — 
 Continued. 
 
 Alabaster, manufactured into ob- 
 jects of less than 2 kilos, 
 weight 
 
 Albums of more than 2 kilos 
 weight 
 
 Albums of less than 2 kilos weight 
 
 Amber, manufactured 
 
 Articles, gilded and silver-plated, 
 for table service and others ... 
 
 Beads of metal, other than gold 
 
 or silver 
 
 Bottle cases 
 
 Buckles for saddlers' articles. . . 
 
 Bugles, metal 
 
 Buttons, vegetable ivory. 
 
 Candlesticks and small lamps, 
 metal 
 
 Chains for dogs and horses 
 
 Eyeglasses, mounted in silver. . . 
 
 Eyeglasses, with any kind of metal 
 except gold or silver 
 
 Fans, metal or wood 
 
 Feathers for adorning 
 
 Fruits, artificial wax 
 
 Galloons, gold 
 
 Galloons, silver 
 
 Garters, cotton 
 
 Garters, silk 
 
 Gold leaf 
 
 Gutta-percha in ornamental ob- 
 jects 
 
 Haberdashery in all objects not 
 specified 
 
 Hairpins, metal 
 
 Ivory, vegetable, in buttons and 
 in every kind of trinkets 
 
 Ivory, vegetable, made into but- 
 tons, and all kinds of trinkets. 
 
 Key rings 
 
 Metal in articles not specified, 
 weighing not less than 2 kilos. 
 
 Metal in articles not specified, 
 weighing less than 2 kilos 
 
 Duty per 
 
 pound 
 
 in U.S. 
 
 currency. 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 •363 
 
 •179 
 •363 
 
 .723 
 
 . 267 
 
 .363 
 .179 
 .179 
 
 ■363 
 •363 
 
 • 073 
 
 .073 
 
 1.449 
 
 ■363 
 •363 
 .723 
 
 •363 
 2.893 
 1.449 
 
 •363 
 1.086 
 2.893 
 
 .363 
 
 •363 
 .363 
 
 •363 
 
 .363 
 •363 
 
 .037 
 
 .179 
 
 ARTICULO DE MERCANCIA. 
 
 Derechos 
 por kilo 
 
 en mone- 
 
 da de Cos« 
 
 ta Rica. 
 
 Uerceria — Continfia. 
 
 Alabastro, en objetos manufac- 
 turados de m^nos de 2 kilos de 
 peso 
 
 Albums, de mis de 2 kilos de 
 peso 
 
 Albums de mfenos de 2kilos de 
 peso 
 
 Ambar en merceria 
 
 Articulos, dorados 6 plateados, 
 para servicio de mesa fi otros 
 usos 
 
 Cuentas de metal que noseaoro 
 6 plata. 
 
 Frasqueras 
 
 Hebillas para objetos de talabar- 
 teria 
 
 Canutillos, metal 
 
 Botones de tagua, corozo 6 marfil 
 vegetal 
 
 Candeleros y lamparillas, metal. 
 
 Cadenas paraperros6 caballos. . 
 Anteojos montados en plata. . . . 
 Anteojos, encualquiermetalque 
 
 no sea oro 6 plata 
 
 Abanicos, metal 6 madera 
 
 Plumas para adornos 
 
 Frutas artificiales de cera 
 
 Galones de oro 
 
 Galones de plata 
 
 Ligas de algodon 
 
 Ligas de seda 
 
 Oro en hojas para dorar 
 
 Gutaperchaen objetos deadorno. 
 
 Quincalla comun en todos los 
 objetos no especificados 
 
 Horquillas de metal para el pei- 
 nado 
 
 Corozo en botonesy entodaclase 
 de quincalla 
 
 Marfil vegetal en botones y en 
 toda clase de quincalla 
 
 Llaveros, metal 
 
 Metal in articulos no especifica- 
 dos cuyo peso no baje de 2 
 kilos 
 
 Metal en objetos no especificados 
 de mfenos de 2 kilos de peso. . 
 
104 
 
 COSTA RICA. 
 
 ARTICLE OF MERCHANDISE. 
 
 Fancy articles and smaU wares — 
 Continued. 
 
 Metal made into all kinds of trin- 
 kets, ordinary, not specified. . . 
 
 Metal thread 
 
 Ribs of metal for fans and corsets, 
 
 Spangles 
 
 Statuary 
 
 Steel for fiints 
 
 Tagua or vegetable ivory manu- 
 factured into buttons and all 
 kinds of trinkets 
 
 Tassels, silver 
 
 Vials for use in drug stores 
 
 Furs, hides, leather, and manofac- 
 tnres of. 
 
 Ammunition cases, leather 
 
 Belts, leather 
 
 Belts of leather or rubber for ma- 
 chinery 
 
 Buckets, leather 
 
 Buttons, leather 
 
 Dressing cases, leather 
 
 Gloves or gauntlets of skin 
 
 Hand bags, leather 
 
 Harness 
 
 Hides and skins, not tanned 
 
 Hose, leather, for drawing water . 
 
 Leather, for soles and uppers. . . . 
 
 Morocco 
 
 Patent leather 
 
 Pocketbooks, of skin , . . . , 
 
 Portemonnaies, leather 
 
 Rawhides or whips, leather 
 
 Razor strops, leather 
 
 Saddle covers 
 
 Saddle covers of skin 
 
 Saddles, leather 
 
 Sheepskins, etc., dressed 
 
 Sheepskins and morocco, cut in 
 
 strips for hat linings 
 
 Shoes of leather, with or without 
 
 elastic and uppers ready for 
 
 soles 
 
 Skins, common, for soles, patent 
 
 leather, etc 
 
 Duty per 
 
 pound 
 
 in U.S. 
 
 currency . 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 .363 
 •363 
 •363 
 
 ■363 
 .179 
 •363 
 
 .363 
 
 1.449 
 
 .032 
 
 179 
 
 log 
 
 003 
 029 
 
 363 
 179 
 723 
 log 
 log 
 023 
 02 g 
 
 037 
 037 
 033 
 179 
 179 
 179 
 log 
 
 143 
 143 
 log 
 037 
 
 ,179 
 
 . 217 
 .037 
 
 ARTICULO DE MERCANCIA. 
 
 Derechos 
 por kilo 
 en mone- 
 da de Cos- 
 ta Rica, 
 
 Herceria — Continfia. 
 
 Metal en toda la quincalla co, 
 mun, no especificada 
 
 Alambrillo 
 
 Varillaje de metal para abanicos 
 y corses 
 
 Lentejuelas, metal' 
 
 Esculturas 
 
 Eslabones, metal 
 
 Tagua en botonesy entodaclase 
 de quincalla 
 
 Borlas de plata 
 
 Pomos para uso de las boticas. . 
 
 Peleteria y objetos de cuero. 
 
 Municloneras de piel para caza- 
 dores 
 
 Fajas de cuero 
 
 Fajas de cuero y de hule para 
 maquinaria 
 
 Baldes de cuero 
 
 Botones de cuero 
 
 Neceseres de piel 
 
 Guantes 6 manoplas de piel.. . . 
 
 Maletas de cuero 
 
 Ameses 
 
 Pellejos 6 cueros sin curtir 
 
 Mangueras de cuero para sacar 
 agua 
 
 Hojas de suela 6 vaquetas 
 
 Cordobanes 
 
 Charoles (pieles) 
 
 Carteras de piel 
 
 Portamonedas, cuero 
 
 Latigos, cuero 
 
 Suavezadores, cuero 
 
 Zaleas 
 
 Pellones y zaleas 
 
 Monturas, cuero 
 
 Badanas 6 baldeses 
 
 Badanas 6 tafiletes cortados en 
 forros para sombrero 
 
 Calzado de cuero, con 6 sin 
 elAstico y el preparado para 
 ponerle suela 
 
 Pieles ordinarios en hojas de 
 suela, charoles, carneros, etc 
 
COSTA RICA. 
 
 105 
 
 ARTICLE OF MERCHANDISE. 
 
 Furs, hides, leather, and mauufac- 
 tores of — Continued. 
 
 Skins, fine, with hair, or imitation 
 of these 
 
 Skins, manufactured into trunk- 
 makers' articles, not specified . , 
 
 Sole leather, ordinary 
 
 Straps, leather 
 
 Strops, razor, leather 
 
 Trunks or valises, leather 
 
 Whips, of leather 
 
 Whips, of leather or of any other 
 animal substance 
 
 Uacbinery, 
 
 Alembics, or stills, introduced 
 with the consent of the Gov- 
 ernment 
 
 Hand mills, metal 
 
 Machiner}' for mining and agri- 
 culture 
 
 Machinery, metal, and parts of, 
 for agriculture, printing, etc . . 
 
 Machinery, metal, for the indus- 
 tries, including those for grind- 
 ing corn and other grains 
 
 Machinery, wooden, for agricul- 
 ture and vessels 
 
 Machinery, wooden, for indus- 
 tries 
 
 Pumps, metal, for drawing water 
 
 Saws of all kinds 
 
 Scales, to weigh more than 46 
 kilograms 
 
 Ships 
 
 Metals, wrought and unwrotight. 
 
 Adzes 
 
 Anchors, for vessels . . . . 
 Andirons, for chimneys . 
 
 Anvils 
 
 Augers 
 
 Axes 
 
 Awls 
 
 Bath tubs . 
 Bars 
 
 Duty per 
 
 pound 
 
 in U.S. 
 
 currency. 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 ■143 
 
 . 109 
 
 .037 
 . 109 
 . IC9 
 
 . 109 
 
 .179 
 
 .179 
 
 .289 
 .023 
 
 Free. 
 Free. 
 
 . 007 
 
 Free. 
 
 .007 
 ■ 037 
 .037 
 
 • 037 
 Free. 
 
 • 037 
 .037 
 .037 
 . 007 
 
 • 037 
 
 • 037 
 
 • 037 
 
 .073 
 . 007 
 
 ARTICULO DE MERCANCIA. 
 
 Derechos 
 por kilo 
 en mone- 
 da de Cos- 
 ta Rica. 
 
 Peleteria y ohjetos de enero — Con- 
 tinha. 
 
 Pieles finas con su pelo 6 imita- 
 ci6n de estas 
 
 Pieles manufacturadas en ob- 
 jetos de talabarteria, no espe- 
 cificados 
 
 Vaquetas ordinarias 
 
 Correas de cuero 
 
 Asentadores y suavizadores, 
 cuero 
 
 Baules 6 maletas de cuero 
 
 Foetes de cuero 
 
 Chilillos de cuero 6 de cual- 
 quier otro despojo animal . . . 
 
 Maquinaria. 
 
 Alambiques 6 alquitaras, intro- 
 ducidas con permiso del Go- 
 bierno 
 
 Molinillos, metal 
 
 Maquinaria para la industria 
 minera y agricola 
 
 Maquinaria, metal, para la agri- 
 cultura, imprenta y sus utiles 
 
 Mdquinas, metal, para la indus- 
 tria, inclusive las de moler 
 maiz y otro granos 
 
 Maquinaria de madera para Ja 
 agricultura y embarcaciones . 
 
 MAquinas de madera para la in- 
 dustria 
 
 Bombas, metal, para sacaragua 
 
 Serruchos de todas clases 
 
 Romanas para pesar mas de 46 
 kilos 
 
 Embarcaciones 
 
 Metales. 
 
 Azuelas 
 
 Anclas para buques 
 
 Morrillos para chimeneas 
 
 Yunques 
 
 Barrenos 
 
 Hachas 
 
 Estaquilladores 6 lesnas de me- 
 tal 
 
 Banos y bafiaderas, metal 
 
 Barras 
 
io6 
 
 COSTA RICA. 
 
 ARTICLE OF MERCHANDISE. 
 
 Metals, wrought and nnwiought — 
 Continued. 
 
 Beams of metal, large and small. 
 
 Beds, cots, or cradles 
 
 Bells, weighing more than i kilo. 
 
 Bells, weighing less than i kilo. . 
 
 Bistouries 
 
 Bits, for horses 
 
 Blowpipes 
 
 Boilers, heaters, and radiators. . . . 
 
 Bolts 
 
 Boxes or safes, iron . . . , 
 
 Brasiers 
 
 Breast bits 
 
 Buckets 
 
 Buckles 
 
 Buckles, saddlemakers'. 
 
 Duty per 
 
 pound 
 
 in U.S. 
 
 currency. 
 
 Burins 
 
 Cables, wire 
 
 Carving knives and forks 
 
 Chains for hangings 
 
 Chains, for vessels, machinery, 
 
 and agriculture 
 
 Chairs 
 
 Chimneys, for kitchens 
 
 Chisels . . . ., 
 
 Cigarrette cases 
 
 Coffeepots, iron 
 
 Copper, old 
 
 Covers 
 
 Cramp irons 
 
 Crosses and crucifi.\cs 
 
 Cruet stands 
 
 Cushions 
 
 Daggers 
 
 Demijohns 
 
 Demijohns 
 
 Doorknockers 
 
 Evaporating pans 
 
 Files 
 
 Fixtures for lighting 
 
 Flasks 
 
 Foil 
 
 Forceps, dentists' 
 
 Formers and fleams 
 
 Furniture, metal, of all kinds. . . , 
 Grates, iron 
 
 Dollars. 
 007 
 .037 
 , 109 
 
 ,179 
 
 ■037 
 
 .T79 
 .037 
 . 023 
 
 .073 
 
 .037 
 . 023 
 
 ■ 037 
 .037 
 
 ■ 363 
 .179 
 
 .037 
 
 . 007 
 
 .179 
 
 109 
 
 .037 
 
 • 073 
 ■037 
 ■179 
 . 023 
 . 007 
 
 ■ 179 
 .037 
 .367 
 .179 
 
 ■037 
 . 629 
 .037 
 .037 
 
 ■073 
 
 ■ 023 
 .037 
 
 • 073 
 .023 
 
 ■363 
 •037 
 
 • 037 
 .037 
 .037 
 
 ARTfCULO DE MERCANCIA. 
 
 Derechos 
 por kilo 
 en mone- 
 da de Cos- 
 ta Rica. 
 
 Metales — Continfia. 
 
 Vigas y viguetas 
 
 Camas, catres 6 cunas 
 
 Campanas de i kilo de peso, 
 
 arriba 
 
 Campanas de menos de i kilo 
 
 de peso 
 
 Bisturis 
 
 Frenos 
 
 Sopletes 
 
 Calderos, calentadores y calori- 
 
 feros 
 
 Pasadores 
 
 Cajas 6 areas de hierro 
 
 Braseros 
 
 Berbiquis 
 
 Baldes 
 
 Hebillas 
 
 Hebillas para objetos de tala- 
 
 barteria 
 
 Buriles 
 
 Cables de alambre 
 
 Trenchantes y tenedores 
 
 Cadenas para colgaduras 
 
 Cadenas para buques, maquina- 
 
 riay agricultura 
 
 Sillas 
 
 Chimeneas para cocina 
 
 Escoplos 
 
 Cigarreras 
 
 Cafeteras de hierro 
 
 Cobre, viejo 
 
 Cubiertas 
 
 Lirones 
 
 Cruces y crucifijos 
 
 Angarillas 
 
 Cojines 
 
 Gumias 
 
 Damajuanas 
 
 Garrafones 
 
 Aldabas 
 
 Pailas de hierro 
 
 Limas 6 hileras 
 
 Utiles para alumbrado 
 
 Fiascos 
 
 Hojuela ■ 
 
 Gatillos (herramienta) 
 
 Formones y flemes 
 
 Muebles metal de todo genero. . 
 Cocinas de hierro 
 
COSTA RICA. 
 
 107 
 
 ARTICLE OF MERCHANDISE. 
 
 Metals, wiought and unwiouglit— 
 
 Continued. 
 
 Griddles 
 
 Gridirons 
 
 Half masks, metallic 
 
 Hammers 
 
 Hatchets 
 
 Hawkbells or harness bells. . . . 
 
 Hinges 
 
 Hoes and adzes 
 
 Hooks and eyes 
 
 ingots 
 
 Inkwells 
 
 Iron safes 
 
 Kitchen utensils of metal, such 
 as frying pans, kettles, and not 
 specified elsewhere, other than 
 those made of tin plate 
 
 Knives, forks, and spoons, tea- 
 spoons, carving knives, etc 
 
 Knives, table and kitchen 
 
 Knives, with or without handles, 
 for trades and arts 
 
 Machetes 
 
 Lamps, metal, and other articles 
 for illuminating 
 
 Lancets 
 
 Lightning rods 
 
 Locks, and keys for same 
 
 Lock-plate 
 
 Mortars 
 
 Nails 
 
 Ovens, metal 
 
 Padlocks 
 
 Pails 
 
 Pans, frying 
 
 Pans of iron, for evaporating. . . . 
 
 Pencil cases 
 
 Pickaxes 
 
 Picklocks 
 
 Picks 
 
 Pillars and large pieces of iron 
 for bridges and every kind of 
 structure 
 
 Pincers 
 
 Pincers fortampering or drawing 
 wire for fences 
 
 Pincers 
 
 Piping and tubing, iron 
 
 Planes, rabbet 
 
 Plates 
 
 Duty per 
 
 pound 
 
 in U.S. 
 
 currency. 
 
 ARTfCULO DE MERCANCIA. 
 
 Dollars. 
 . 023 
 •037 
 ■363 
 .037 
 
 •037 
 •363 
 -073 
 ■037 
 ■ 037 
 . 007 
 
 - 179 
 .037 
 
 .023 
 
 • 179 
 .179 
 
 .037 
 ■037 
 
 •073 
 
 •037 
 
 Free. 
 
 .073 
 
 • 073 
 .037 
 . 023 
 
 • 037 
 .073 
 .037 
 . 023 
 
 ■ 023 
 .179 
 
 ■ 037 
 
 • 073 
 
 ■ 037 
 
 .007 
 .037 
 
 Free. 
 
 • 037 
 .01 
 .037 
 .007 
 
 Hetales — Continfia. 
 
 Comal es 
 
 Parrillas 
 
 Caretas metalicas 
 
 Martillos 
 
 Hachuelas ; . . . 
 
 Cascabcles 
 
 Bisagras 
 
 Azadones y azadores 
 
 Corchetes 
 
 Lingotes 
 
 Escribanias 
 
 Areas de hierro 
 
 Utensilios de cocina, de metal, 
 cazuelas, calderos, y no es- 
 pecificados en otras partidas, 
 excepto los de hoja de lata . . . 
 
 Cuchillos, tenedores, cucharas, 
 cucharetas, trinchantes, etc . . . 
 
 Cuchillos de inesa y de cocina. . 
 
 Cuchillos para artes y oficios, 
 con 6 sin pufio 
 
 Machetes 
 
 Lamparas de metal y otros arti- 
 culos para alumbrado 
 
 Lancetas 
 
 Pararrayos , 
 
 Cerraduras y sus Haves 
 
 Palastros 
 
 Morteros y almireres 
 
 Clavos 
 
 Fogones 
 
 Candados 
 
 Cubos 
 
 Cazuelas de hierro 
 
 Pallas de hierro 
 
 Lapiceros 
 
 Alcotanas 
 
 Picaportes 
 
 Picos 
 
 Pilares y piezas grandes de 
 hierro para puentes y todo 
 genero de construcciones . . . 
 
 Alicates 
 
 Estiradores 6 tenazas para tem- 
 plar alambre de cerca 
 
 Pinzas 
 
 Tubos de hierro para cafierla. . 
 
 Guillames 
 
 Chapas 
 
 Derechos 
 por kilo 
 en mone- 
 da de Cos- 
 ta Rica . 
 
io8 
 
 COSTA RICA. 
 
 ARTICLE OF MERCHANDISE. 
 
 Metals, wrought and unwrought — 
 Continued. 
 
 Pots of iron or brass 
 
 Pruning linives 
 
 Pulley blocks of less than 2 kilos 
 
 weight 
 
 Pulle3's of less than- 2 kilos 
 
 weight 
 
 Punches 
 
 Rails 
 
 Rivets 
 
 Rollers and casters for furniture, 
 
 Sadiron heaters 
 
 Sadirons 
 
 Saucepans 
 
 Scales to weigh more than 46 kilos 
 
 Scales, to weigh as much as 46 
 kilos 
 
 Scissors, pocket, tailors', and for 
 other uses, except for agricul- 
 ture and industries 
 
 Screw-drivers 
 
 Screws 
 
 Scythes 
 
 Sharpening or smoothing instru- 
 mentsof metal 
 
 Shears for pruning 
 
 Sheet iron 
 
 Shoes, for horses and oxen 
 
 Shovels 
 
 Sickles 
 
 Sifters 
 
 Spades 
 
 Spikes 
 
 Spurs, of iron or other metal, ex- 
 cept gold or silver 
 
 Staples 
 
 Stirrups 
 
 Stoves 
 
 Strings, metallic, for instruments 
 
 Tacks 
 
 Tenter-hooks 
 
 Tiles or roofsof galvanized iron. 
 
 Tinder boxes 
 
 Tin, manufactured in objeats 
 weighing less than 2 kilos. . . . 
 
 Duty per 
 
 pound 
 
 in U.S. 
 
 currency. 
 
 Dollars. 
 . 023 
 .037 
 
 .179 
 
 .179 
 .037 
 . 007 
 .023 
 
 ■ 179 
 . 023 
 .037 
 . 023 
 ■037 
 
 . log 
 
 .179 
 .037 
 . 023 
 .037 
 
 . 109 
 .037 
 . 007 
 . 023 
 
 .037 
 
 ■ 037 
 
 ■ 037 
 .037 
 . 023 
 
 .179 
 .023 
 .179 
 .037 
 
 ■ 723 
 
 .023 
 
 .179 
 . 007 
 
 • 363 
 
 • 073 
 
 ARTICULO DE MERCANCIA. 
 
 Derechos 
 por kilo 
 en m one- 
 da de C06- 
 ta Rica. 
 
 Metales — Continfia. 
 
 OUas de hierro 6 bronce 
 
 Navajas podadoras 
 
 Motones de m6nos de 2 kilos 
 
 de peso 
 
 Poleas de m^nos de 2 kilos 
 
 de peso 
 
 Sacabocados 
 
 Carriles 6 rieles 
 
 Remaches 
 
 Roldanas y ruedasparamuebles. 
 Plantillas para calentar planchas . 
 
 Planchas paraaplanchar 
 
 Sartenes 
 
 Balanzas 6 romanas para pesar 
 
 m4s de 46 kilos 
 
 Balanzas 6 romanas para pesar 
 
 hasta 46 kilos 
 
 Tijeras de bolsillo y de costura 
 
 yde otros usos que no sean 
 
 de agricultura 6 la industria . . 
 
 Destornilladores 
 
 Tornillos 
 
 Guadanas 
 
 Afiladores 6 asentadores de 
 
 metal 
 
 Tijeras podadoras 
 
 Planchas de hierro 
 
 I Herraduias para caballos y 
 
 ; bueyes 
 
 Palas 
 
 Hoces 
 
 I Zarandas 
 
 1 Azadas 
 
 I Pernos 
 
 ! Espuelas de hierro ii otros me- 
 tales que no sean oro 6 plata . 
 
 , Redoblones 
 
 Estribos 6 hornillas 
 
 ! Estufas 
 
 Cuerdas'de metal para instru- 
 
 mentos 
 
 Tachuelas 
 
 Escarpias 
 
 Tejas 6 techos de hierro galva- 
 
 nizado 
 
 Yesqueros 
 
 Lata manufacturada en objetos 
 
 de ra6nos de 2 kilos de peso . . 
 
COSTA RICA. 
 
 109 
 
 ARTICLE OF MERCHANDISE. 
 
 Metals^ wrought and unwiouglit — 
 Continued. 
 
 Tin plate in objects weighing 
 
 less than 2 kilos 
 
 Tongs, metal 
 
 Tongs or cramp irons 
 
 Tongs, to strech wire for fences. . 
 
 Tool.s of all kinds, for trades and 
 arts, not otherwise specified. . . . 
 
 Trays 
 
 Tubes of metal, galvanized or not, 
 or covered with brass 
 
 Wire 
 
 Wire, barbed, for fences , 
 
 Wire cloth and its manufactures. 
 
 Uinerals. 
 
 Alabaster, cutin blocks for pave- 
 ments, stairways, or other simi- 
 lar uses 
 
 Alabaster, rough or in blScks, 
 squared or trimmed, and pre- 
 pared to give them form 
 
 Asphalt 
 
 ■Camphine 
 
 Coal and coke, for every 10 kilos. 
 
 Flint stones 
 
 Gold bullion, bars, dust, or coin. . 
 
 Jasper, cut in blocks for pave- 
 ments, stairways, orsimilaruses. 
 
 Jasper, made into slabs for tombs, 
 statues, and utensils of any 
 kind, with ornaments and chis- 
 elings of more than 2 kilos 
 weight 
 
 Jasper, manufactured into objects 
 of less than 2 kilos weight. . . . 
 
 Jasper, rough or in block, or 
 trimmed or prepared to give 
 them form 
 
 Lime, common and hydraulic 
 
 Mineral oils 
 
 Marble, cut in slabs for pave- 
 ments, stairways, and similar 
 uses, of any size, polished or 
 not 
 
 Duty per 
 
 pound 
 
 in U.S. 
 
 currency. 
 
 . o6g 
 •037 
 • 037 
 Free. 
 
 ■ 037 
 . 109 
 
 • 037 
 
 . 023 
 Free. 
 .037 
 
 .003 
 
 . 003 
 . 007 
 .037 
 . 003 
 . 007 
 Free. 
 
 . 003 
 
 .007 
 • 363 
 
 .003 
 .003 
 .037 
 
 .003 
 
 ARTirULO DE MERCANCIA. 
 
 Derechos 
 por kilo 
 
 en mone- 
 da de Cos- 
 ta Rica. 
 
 Uetales — Continfia. 
 
 Hoja de lata en articulos de me- 
 nos de 2 kilos de peso 
 
 Tenazas 
 
 Gatos 6 lirones 
 
 Estiradores 6 tenazas para tem- 
 plar alambre de cercas 
 
 Herramientas de todas clases 
 para artes y oficios que no se 
 hayan especificado 
 
 Azafates 
 
 Tubos de metal, est^n 6 no gal- 
 vanizados 6 chapeados de 
 laton 
 
 .•\lambre 
 
 Alambre con puas para cercar. . 
 
 Telas alambre y sus artefactos. 
 
 Mineria, 
 
 Alabastros, cortadas en losas 
 para pavimentos, escalones y 
 usos semejantes 
 
 Alabastros, en tosco 6 en trozas, 
 devastados,escuadradosy pre- 
 parados para darles forma. . . 
 
 Asfalto 
 
 Canfin 
 
 Carbon y coke, por cada 10 kilos 
 
 Piedras de chispa 
 
 Oro en pasta, barras, polvo 6 
 moneda 
 
 Jaspes, cortados en losas para 
 pavimentos, escalones, y usos 
 semejantes 
 
 Jaspes, labrados en losas para 
 sepulcros, estatuas, y uten- 
 silios de cualquieraclase, con 
 adornos 6 cinceladuras de m4s 
 de 2 kilos de peso 
 
 Jaspes, manufacturados de m€- 
 nos de 2 kilos de peso 
 
 Jaspes en tosco 6 en trosos, es- 
 cuadrados y preparados para 
 darles forma 
 
 Cal, comun 6 hidr61ica 
 
 Aceites minerales 
 
 Marmol, cortado en losas para 
 pavimentos, escalones, y usos 
 semejantes, de cualquier ta- 
 maiio, sean 6 no pulimentados 
 
] lO 
 
 COSTA RICA. 
 
 ARTICLE OF MERCHANDISE. 
 
 Duty per 
 
 pound 
 
 in U.S. 
 
 currency. 
 
 Minerals — Continued. 
 
 Marble made into objects of less 
 than 2 kilos weight 
 
 Marble made into slabs for tombs, 
 statues, and objects of any 
 kind, with ornaments, foliage, 
 or chiselings, not specified, and 
 of more than 2 kilos weight. . . . 
 
 Marble.roughorin block, squared 
 or trimmed, and prepared to 
 give them form 
 
 Mercury for mining 
 
 Salt, natural and mineral, of all 
 kinds, for the manufacture of 
 waters not specified 
 
 Schist 
 
 Slate for roofing 
 
 Slate made into slabs for pave- 
 ments and other similar uses. . . 
 
 Slabs of marble, jasper, alabaster, 
 for pavements, stairways, etc. . . 
 
 Slabs of marble, jasper, or alabas- 
 ter, for tombs, statues, and with 
 ornaments, foliage, and chisel- 
 ings, of more than 2 kilos 
 weight 
 
 Slabs of slate for roofs, pave- 
 ments, etc 
 
 Stairwaysof marble, jasper, or ala- 
 baster 
 
 Statues, marble, jasper, or alabas- 
 ter, of more than 2 kilos weight. 
 
 Statues, marble, jasper, alabaster, 
 of less than 2 kilos wei,fht 
 
 Talc in slabs 
 
 Talc, mineral 
 
 Utensils of marble, jasper, or ala- 
 baster, with ornaments, leafage, 
 and chiselings, not specified 
 elsewhere and of more than 2 
 kilos weight 
 
 Utensils of marble, jasper, or ala- 
 baster, with ornaments, leafage, 
 and chiselings, not specified 
 elsewhere and of less than 2 
 kilos weight 
 
 ■ 363 
 
 .007 
 
 .003 
 .003 
 
 .037 
 . 007 
 .003 
 
 .003 
 
 .003 
 
 . 007 
 .003 
 . 003 
 .007 
 
 • 363 
 
 • 363 
 .179 
 
 .007 
 
 .363 
 
 ARTICULO DE MERCANCIA. 
 
 Derechos 
 por kilo 
 
 en mone- 
 da de Cos- 
 ta Rica. 
 
 Uineria — Continiia. 
 
 Marmol, manufacturado en ob- 
 jetos de mfenos de 2 kilos de 
 peso 
 
 Marmol labrado en losas para 
 sepulcros, estatuas, y uten- 
 silios decualquiera clase, con 
 adornos, foliages 6 cincela- 
 duras, no especificadas y de 
 mis de 2 kilos de peso 
 
 Marmol en tosco y en trosos, de- 
 vastados y preparados para 
 darles forma 
 
 Azogue para mineria 
 
 Sal mineral natural de todas 
 clases, para fibrica de aguas 
 no especificadas 
 
 Esquistos 
 
 Pizarras para techos 
 
 Pizarras en losas para pavimen- 
 tos y otros usos semejantes. , 
 
 Losas de marmol, jaspe, alabas- 
 tro, para pavimentos, escalo- 
 nes, etc 
 
 Losas de marmol, jaspe, 6 ala- 
 bastro, para sepulcros, esta- 
 tuas, y con adornos, foliages y 
 cinceladuras de m4s de 2 kilos 
 de peso 
 
 Losas de pizarras, para techos, 
 pavimentos, etc 
 
 Escalones de marmol, jaspe, 6 
 alabastro 
 
 Estatuas de marmol, jaspe. 6 
 alabastro, de m4s de 2 kilos 'de 
 peso 
 
 Estatuas de marmol, jaspe, 6 
 alabastro de mfenos de 2 kilos 
 de peso 
 
 Talco en hojuela 
 
 Talco mineral 
 
 Utensilios de marmol, jaspe, 6 
 alabastro, con adornos, folla- 
 jes, y cinceladuras no expre- 
 sadas en otras partidas y de 
 m4s de 2 kilos de peso 
 
 Utensilios de marmol, jaspe, 6 
 alabastro, con adornos, foUa- 
 jes, y cinceladuras no expre- 
 sadas en otras partidas y de 
 m^nos de 2 kilos de peso . . . 
 
COSTA RICA. 
 
 Ill 
 
 ARTICLE OF MERCHANDISE. 
 
 Musical instruments. 
 
 Accordions 
 
 Harmoniums 
 
 Harps 
 
 Instruments, musical, not speci- 
 fied, such as accordions, har- 
 monicas, violins, etc 
 
 Instruments with keyboard, not 
 specified 
 
 Music boxes, of chords and 
 springs 
 
 Music boxes, with crank 
 
 Organs and other instruments 
 with keyboard 
 
 Pianos 
 
 Paper, printed matter, and sta- 
 tionery. 
 
 Bags, paper, for packing 
 
 Books, blank, ruled or not 
 
 Books, printed 
 
 Boxes, pasteboard, for games, 
 
 such as loto 
 
 Boxes, pasteboard, such as those 
 
 used in drug stores 
 
 Cards of paper and pasteboard . . 
 Collars, paper or pasteboard. . . . 
 Copybooks for schools, ruled or 
 
 without ruled 
 
 Designs, paper, for ornamenting 
 
 fans 
 
 Flowers of paper or pasteboard. 
 
 Inkstands, metal 
 
 Inkstands of glass or crystal, 
 
 fancy 
 
 Labels of pasteboard or paper . . 
 Lanterns of paper or pasteboard. 
 
 paper. 
 
 Maps, geographical . . . 
 
 Maps or charts 
 
 Masks and half masks, 
 
 Music, printed 
 
 Paper, brown, in sheets or reams 
 
 Paper, colored, for flowers, 
 globes, or typographical im- 
 pressions 
 
 Paper for filtering and blotting. . , 
 
 Paper, for letter copying, loose or 
 
 in books , 
 
 Duty per 
 
 pound 
 
 in U. S. 
 
 currency. 
 
 Dollars. 
 .073 
 .073 
 •073 
 
 .073 
 
 .073 
 
 •363 
 .179 
 
 .073 
 .073 
 
 . 007 
 
 • 037 
 .007 
 
 .179 
 
 . 007 
 
 • 363 
 .073 
 
 . 007 
 
 .363 
 
 • 363 
 .179 
 
 .179 
 .179 
 .073 
 
 . 007 
 .007 
 
 •363 
 . 007 
 . 007 
 
 .037 
 .007 
 
 .037 
 
 ARTfCULO DE MERCANCIA. 
 
 Derechos 
 por kilo 
 
 en mone- 
 da de Cos- 
 ta Rica. 
 
 InstrumeutoB de mtisica. 
 
 Acordiones 
 
 Armonios 
 
 Arpas 
 
 Instrumentos de mfisica, no es- 
 
 pecificados, como acordiones, 
 
 dulzainas, violines, etc 
 
 Instrumentos de teclado, no es- 
 
 pecificados 
 
 Cajas de mfisica de cuerda y re- 
 
 sorte 
 
 Cajas de mdsica con ciguena . . 
 Organos y demis instrumentos 
 
 de teclado 
 
 Pianos 
 
 Fapel, etc. 
 
 Sacos de papel para envases. . 
 
 Libros en bianco, rayados 6 no. . 
 
 Libros, impresos 
 
 Cajas de carton para juegos, 
 como loteria, etc 
 
 Cajas 6 cajetas de carton para en- 
 vases, tales como las usadas en 
 boticas 
 
 Tarjetas de papel y carton 
 
 Cuellos de papel 6 de carton . . . 
 
 Cuadernos de escritura para es- 
 cuelas, rayados 6 sin rayar . . , 
 
 Diseiios de papel para vestir 
 abanicos 
 
 Flores de papel 6 carton 
 
 Tinteros de metal 
 
 Tinteros de vidrio 6 cristal, de 
 fantasia 
 
 R6tulos de carton 6 papel 
 
 Faroles y lintemas de palpel 6 
 carton 
 
 Cartas geogrificas 
 
 Mapos 6 pianos geogrificos 
 
 Caretas 6 mascaras de papel. . . . 
 
 Mdsica impresa 
 
 Papel de estraza, sea en pliegos 
 6 resmas 
 
 Papel de colores para flores, 
 globos 6 impresiones tipogr4- 
 ficas 
 
 Papel de filtrar y secante 
 
 Papel para copiar cartas, suelto6 
 en libros | 
 
1 12 
 
 COSTA RICA. 
 
 ARTICLE OF MERCHANDISE. 
 
 Paper, printed matter, and sta- 
 tionery — Continued. 
 
 Paper for wrapping 
 
 Paper for writing 
 
 Paper in fancy articles or of orna- 
 ment 
 
 Paper in strips for telegraphy. . . . 
 
 Papergilded, plated, or enameled 
 (imitation) 
 
 Paper manufactured into flowers, 
 pictures, prints, and designs to 
 ornament fans 
 
 Paper manufactured in wearing 
 apparel, as collars, cuffs, shirt 
 fronts, etc 
 
 Paper ruled for music 
 
 Paper, sand and emery 
 
 Paper, smoking, in reams or 
 books 
 
 Paper, wall 
 
 Paperweights, of glass or crystal'. 
 
 Paper, white, for printing, lithog- 
 raphy, drawing, or binding 
 
 Papier-mach6 in fancy articles or 
 of ornament 
 
 Papier-machfe in the form of ar- 
 ticles of table service or domes- 
 tic use, ornamented with figures 
 or gilding 
 
 Papier-machfe manufactured in 
 the form of articles of table ser- 
 vice or domestic use, painted 
 or varnished, without figures, 
 gilding, or ornamentation 
 
 Papier-machfe manufactured in 
 the form of articles of table ser- 
 vice and other objects of domes- 
 tic use, ornamented with figures 
 or gilding 
 
 Papier-mach6, manufactured into 
 dishes and other articles of do- 
 mestic use, painted or varnished, 
 without figures, gilt, or orna- 
 ments 
 
 Parchment or imitation, for writ- 
 ing 
 
 Pasteboard and colored paper for 
 flowers, globes, or lithographic 
 prints 
 
 Pasteboard and paper for print- 
 ing, drawing, lithography, and 
 bookbinding 
 
 Duty per 
 pound 
 in U.S. 
 
 currency. 
 
 Dollars. 
 . 007 
 . 007 
 
 ■ 179 
 . 007 
 
 .179 
 
 •363 
 
 .073 
 . 007 
 . 007 
 
 .037 
 
 ■037 
 .179 
 
 .007 
 
 .179 
 
 ,179 
 
 .007 
 
 .179 
 
 .007 
 
 • 073 
 
 • 037 
 .007 i 
 
 ARTfCULO DE MERCANCIA. 
 
 Derechos 
 por kilo 
 en mone- 
 dade Cos- 
 ta Rica. 
 
 Fapel, etc. — Continfia. 
 
 Papel para envolver 
 
 Papel de escribir 
 
 Papel en objetos de fantasia, 
 lujo y adorns 
 
 Papel en tiras para el tel^grafo. . 
 
 Papel dorado, plateado 6 esmal- 
 tado (falso) 
 
 Papel manufacturado en flores, 
 estampas, cuadros y disefios 
 para vestir abanicos 
 
 Papel manufacturado en prendas 
 del vestido, como cuellos, pu- 
 iios, pecheras, etc 
 
 Papel rayado para mtisica 
 
 Papel de lija 6 esmeril 
 
 Papel para fumar en resmas 6 
 libretos 
 
 Papel de entapizar 
 
 Pisapapeles de vidrio6 cristal. . 
 
 Papel bianco de imprenta, lito- 
 grafia,dibujoyencuadernaci6n. 
 
 Carton piedra en objetos de fan- 
 tasia, lujo y adorno 
 
 Carton piedra en vajilla y otros 
 objetos de uso domfestico, con 
 dibujos 6 doraduras 
 
 Papier machfe, manufacturado en 
 forma de vajilla y otros obje- 
 tos deusodom^stico, pintado 
 6 barnizado, sin dibujos, do- 
 rados ni adornos 
 
 Papel y carton piedra manufac- 
 turado en forma de vajilla y 
 otros objetos de uso domes- 
 tico, adornado con dibujos y 
 doraduras 
 
 Carton piedra (papier mach6) 
 manufacturado en vajilla y 
 otros objetos de uso domfes- 
 tico, pintado 6 barnizado, sin 
 dibujo, doraduras 6 adornos. . . 
 
 Pergamino 6 imitaci6n para es- 
 cribir 
 
 Carton de colores para flores, 
 globes 6 irnpresiones litogrd- 
 ficas 
 
 Carton de imprenta, dibujo lito- 
 grafia y encuadernacion 
 
COSTA RICA. 
 
 113 
 
 ARTICLE OF MERCHANDISE. 
 
 Paper, printed matter, and sta- 
 tionery—Continued. 
 
 Pasteboard and paper for wrap- 
 ping 
 
 Pasteboard in fancy cards 
 
 Patterns and ruled lines for 
 writing 
 
 Pens, metal, for writing 
 
 Pictures for ornamenting fans, of 
 paper 
 
 Pictures on pasteboard or paper. . 
 
 Playing cards 
 
 Playing cards 
 
 Quill pens for writing 
 
 Shades or ruled lines for writing . . 
 
 Spheres, wooden 
 
 Table services and other objects of 
 domestic use, manufactured of 
 papier-machfe, painted or var- 
 nished, without figures, gilt or 
 ornamentation 
 
 Table services and other objects 
 of domestic use, of papier- 
 machS, adorned with figures 
 and gildings 
 
 Toys of paper or pasteboard 
 
 Duty per 
 
 pound 
 
 in U.S. 
 
 currency. 
 
 Textiles. 
 
 Cotton goods. 
 
 Batistes 
 
 Bedspreads, cotton 
 
 BedticUing 
 
 Braids, cotton 
 
 Braids, cotton or linen 
 
 Cambric 
 
 Cambric, fine, and similar goods, 
 
 though mixed with cotton 
 
 Canvas, cotton 
 
 Canvas, for embroidery 
 
 Carpets, not containing wool. . . . 
 
 Carpets, pressed, which do not 
 contain wool 
 
 Carpets, woven of cotton, wool, 
 linen, or any other material, 
 other than silk 
 
 Chintz 
 
 Collars, cotton 
 
 Cotton goods, mixed with silk or 
 wool and silk, except ribbons. 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 .007 
 •363 
 
 ■ 179 
 •363 
 
 .363 
 
 .363 
 .179 
 .179 
 •363 
 .179 
 . 007 
 
 . 007 
 
 .179 
 ■ 179 
 
 .179 
 
 • 143 
 
 • 143 
 
 • 363 
 
 • 363 
 .179 
 
 . 2l6 
 .087 
 .073 
 .087 
 
 .087 
 
 .087 
 .179 
 .289 
 
 .363 
 
 ARTfCULO DE MERCANCIA. 
 
 Papel, etc. — Continfia. 
 
 Carton y papel paraenvolver. . . 
 
 Cartultnas de fantasia. 
 Pautas 6 sombras 
 
 Plumas de metal para escribir. . 
 
 Cuadros de papel para vestir 
 abanicos 
 
 Estampas de carton 6 papel 
 
 Naipes 
 
 Barajas 6 naipes 
 
 Plumas de ave para escribir ... 
 
 Sombras 6 pautas de papel 
 
 Esferas, madera 
 
 Vajilla y otros objetos de uso 
 dom6stico manufacturados 
 de carton piedra, pintado 6 
 barnizado, sin dibujos, dora- 
 dos ni adornos 
 
 Vajillo y otros objetos de uso 
 domestico, de carton piedra, 
 adornados con dibujo y dora- 
 duras 
 
 Juguetes de papel 6 carton. . . . 
 
 Derechos 
 por kilo 
 
 en ra one- 
 da de Cos- 
 ta Rica. 
 
 Tejidos. 
 
 Algodones. 
 
 Batistas 
 
 Colchas, algoddn 
 
 Cotines 
 
 Trencillas, algod6n 
 
 Hiladillas, algodfin 6 lino 
 
 Cambray 
 
 Holanes y telas an^logas, aun- 
 
 quetenganmezcladealgod6n. . 
 
 Lonas 
 
 Cafiamazo (tela para bordar). . . . 
 Alfombras para pisos, que no 
 
 tengan lana 
 
 Carpetas prensadas para pisos, 
 
 que no tengan lana 
 
 Carpetas, iinas, sobre tejidos de 
 
 algod6n, lana, lino, <i otra 
 
 materia que no sea seda 
 
 Tarazas 
 
 Cuellos, algod6n 
 
 Algod6n, en tejidos mezclados 
 
 con seda 6 con lana y seda, 
 
 excepto las cintas 
 
114 
 
 COSTA RICA. 
 
 ARTICLE OF MERCHANDISE. 
 
 Textiles — Continued. 
 
 Cotton goods — Continued. 
 
 Cotton goods, mixed with wool . . . 
 
 Cotton, prepared for surgery 
 
 Cotton, raw, without seeds 
 
 Cotton, raw, with seeds 
 
 Cotton velvet, smooth or worked. 
 Crinolines, cotton 
 
 Cuffs, cotton 
 
 Curtains, cotton 
 
 Drawers, cotton 
 
 Drills ■ 
 
 Elastic, of cotton, for shoes 
 
 Gauze 
 
 Gloves, cotton 
 
 Goods of cotton or linen, damask- 
 like, for tablecloths, napkins, 
 towels, and other domestic 
 uses 
 
 Hammocks, cotton or linen 
 
 Handkerchiefs, cotton 
 
 Handkerchiefs, cotton, mixed with 
 silk 
 
 Hose, cloth, sewed or nailed . . . . 
 
 Laces, cotton or linen 
 
 Leaves of cotton or linen, cut for 
 
 flowers 
 
 Linings for hats, cotton or linen 
 
 Lino 
 
 Lint 
 
 Long lawns and other analogous 
 goods, though mixed with cot- 
 ton 
 
 Lutestring 
 
 Madapollams (percales) 
 
 Mixed cloths 
 
 Muslins 
 
 ^Muslins, embroidered 
 
 Muslins, smooth 
 
 Napkins, cotton or linen 
 
 Night gowns, cotton 
 
 Oilcloths, on ordinary cloth, for 
 floors 
 
 Ornaments of cotton and linen.. 
 
 Osnaburgs, cotton 
 
 Parasols, cotton, without mixture 
 of wool or silk 
 
 Duty per 
 
 pound 
 
 in U. S. 
 
 currency. 
 
 Dollars. 
 .289 
 
 . 023 
 
 .013 
 . 007 
 .217 
 •363 
 
 .289 
 
 •363 
 . 216 
 
 •143 
 .249 
 
 .179 
 .289 
 
 . 216 
 .179 
 .217 
 
 ■363 
 .013 
 
 •363 
 
 •363 
 .289 
 
 .179 
 . 023 
 
 216 
 
 179 
 109 
 
 143 
 143 
 289 
 
 179 
 216 
 
 289 
 
 013 
 363 
 
 .143 
 
 ARTICULO DE MERCANCIA. 
 
 Derechos 
 por kilo 
 en m one- 
 da de Cos- 
 ta Rica. 
 
 Tejidos— Continfia. 
 
 Algodones — Continiia. 
 
 Algodon, en tejidos mezclados 
 con lana 
 
 Algod6n, preparado para ciru- 
 gia 
 
 Algod6n, sin semillas 
 
 Algodon, con semillas 
 
 Panas lisas 6 labradas 
 
 Crinolinas 6 zagalejos de 'algo- 
 d6n 
 
 Puiios de algodon 
 
 Cortinas, algod6n 
 
 Calzoncillos de algod6n 
 
 Driles 
 
 E14stico de algod6n, para boti- 
 nes 
 
 Gazas 
 
 Guantes, algoddn 
 
 Generos de algod6n61ino, ada- 
 mascados para manteles, ser- 
 villetas, toallas y otros usos 
 domesticos 
 
 Hamacas de algoddn 6 lino 
 
 Paiiuelos de algodon 
 
 Paiiuelos de algod6n sedados. . . 
 
 Mangueras de genero, cosidas 6 
 
 claveteadas 
 
 Encajes de algod6n 6 lino 
 
 Hojas de aIgod6n 6 lino corta- 
 
 das para flores 
 
 Forros de algodon 6 lino para 
 
 sombreros 
 
 Linoes 
 
 Hilas para cirugia 
 
 Estopillas y telas anilogas, aun- 
 
 que tenganmezcla de algoddn. 
 
 Lustrina 
 
 Madapolanes 
 
 Mezclillas 
 
 Estribillas 
 
 Muselinas bordadas 
 
 Muselinas lisas 
 
 Servilletas de algod6n 6 lino . . . . 
 
 Camisolas de algod6n 
 
 Encerados para pisos sobre telas 
 
 ordinarias 
 
 Adornos de algod6n 6 lino 
 
 Crehuelas de algod6n 
 
 Sombrillas de algod6n sin mez- 
 
 cla de lana 6 seda 
 
 ■ 43 
 
COSTA RICA. 
 
 115 
 
 ARTICLE OF MERCHANDISE. 
 
 Duty per 
 
 pound 
 
 in U. S. 
 
 currency. 
 
 Textiles — Continued. 
 Cotton goods — Continued. 
 
 Patterns or uppers for shoes of 
 
 cotton, with or without elastic. . 
 Percales and bookbinders' muslin. 
 
 Piqufes 
 
 Ready-made clothes, cotton, 
 
 stockinet 
 
 Ready-made clothes, of cotton, 
 
 other than stockinet 
 
 Ribbon, cotton or linen 
 
 Ruffles, cotton 
 
 Russiaduck 
 
 Sailcloth 
 
 Sashes, cotton 
 
 Sashes, cotton or linen 
 
 Shawls, cotton 
 
 Shawls (rebozos), cotton mixed 
 
 with silk 
 
 Shawls, cotton mixed with wool, 
 
 or embroidered with silk, or 
 
 having silk fringe 
 
 Shawls (rebozos) of cotton with 
 
 silk fringe 
 
 Shawls (rebozos), of pure cotton. . 
 
 Sheetings 
 
 Sheetings, bleached, cotton 
 
 Sheetings, cotton, smooth or 
 
 twilled. 
 
 Shirt fronts, cotton 
 
 Stockings of cotton 
 
 Shoes of woolen or cotton cloth, 
 
 with or without elastic, and 
 
 uppers ready for soles 
 
 Suspenders, cotton 
 
 Tarlatans, smooth or worked . . . . 
 
 Tapes or ribbons 
 
 Thread in skeins, hanks, and 
 
 spools 
 
 Umbrellas, cotton, without 
 
 mixture of wool or silk 
 
 Undershirts, cotton, stockinet. 
 
 Wicks for candles 
 
 Wicks for lamps and tinder boxes. 
 
 Hemp, jute, linen, and manufac- 
 tures of. 
 
 i^gave, aloe, crude, in the leaf . . 
 
 Aloe, fiber, manufactured into 
 hats, cigar cases, and other like 
 objects 
 
 ■ 363 
 
 • 179 
 .179 
 
 . 216 
 
 • 363 
 .363 
 .289 
 .087 
 .087 
 .217 
 .217 
 . 2r7 
 
 • 363 
 
 ■ 363 
 
 . 289 
 .217 
 . 109 
 . 109 
 
 .087 
 . 289 
 .217 
 
 • 363 
 .363 
 
 ■ 179 
 
 ■ 363 
 
 • 073 
 
 • 143 
 . 217 
 
 .023 
 . 109 
 
 . 007 
 .723 
 
 TejidoB — Continda. 
 
 Algodones — Continfia. 
 
 Cortes calzado de algodon, ten- 
 gan 6 no elAstico 
 
 Percales y percalinas 
 
 Piqufees 
 
 Ropa hecha de algod6n de pun- 
 to de media 
 
 Ropa hecha de algod6n que no 
 sea de punto de media 
 
 Cintas de algod6n 6 lino 
 
 Golas de algodon 
 
 Rusias 
 
 Brines 
 
 Bandas de algodon 
 
 Fajas, algodon 6 lino 
 
 Panolones, algod6n 
 
 Rebozos de algod6n sedados. . . 
 
 Panolones de algodon con mez- 
 cla de lana, 6 bordados con 
 seda, 6 con fleco de seda 
 
 Rebozos de algodon con guarda 
 de seda 
 
 Rebozos de puro algod6n 
 
 Lienzos 
 
 Mantas lavadas 
 
 Manias crudas, lisas 6 asargadas 
 
 Pecheras de algod6n 
 
 Medias de algod6n 
 
 Calzado de g^nero de lana 6 
 
 algod6n, con 6 sin elAstico, y 
 
 preparado para ponerle suela 
 
 Tirantes de algod6n 
 
 Tarlatanas, lisas 6 labradas. ... 
 
 Reatas 6 hiladillas 
 
 Hilo en madejas, ovillos y car- 
 
 reteles 
 
 Paraguas algod6n, sin mezcla 
 
 de lana 6 seda 
 
 Camisetas algod6n de punto de 
 
 media 
 
 Pabilo 
 
 Mechas para lamparas y yes- 
 
 queros 
 
 Caiiamo, 
 
 Pita 6 cabuya en rama 
 
 Pita manufacturada en sombre- 
 ros, cigarreras y objetos se- 
 mejantes 
 
 I. 09 
 
 ■ 54 
 • 54 
 
 .65 
 
 r. 09 
 I. 09 
 
 ■87 
 .26 
 .26 
 .65 
 .65 
 .65 
 r. 09 
 
 I. 09 
 
 ■ S7 
 .65 
 
 ■ 33 
 ■33 
 . 26 
 
 .S7 
 .65 
 
 I. 09 
 
 I. 09 
 
 •54 
 
 I. 09 
 
 . 22 
 
 • 43 
 
 .65 
 
 .07 
 .33 
 
 2.17 
 
ii6 
 
 COSTA RICA. 
 
 ARTICLE OF MERCHANDISE. 
 
 Textiles — Continued. 
 
 Hemp, linen, etc. — Continued. 
 
 Bags, hand, of vegetable fibers.. 
 
 Brushes of vegetable fibers 
 
 Carpets of vegetable fibers 
 
 Cigarrette cases and like objects 
 
 of aloe fiber 
 
 Cordage of vegetable fibers 
 
 Cordage, ship 
 
 Esparto grass 
 
 Fibers, textile, vegetable, in 
 skeins, hanks, and spools 
 
 Fibers, textile, vegetable, made 
 into wicks or thread for sewing 
 bags 
 
 Grass cambric, and similar goods, 
 with or without mixture of 
 cotton 
 
 Hats of aloe fiber, Panama 
 
 Linen cloth, such as fine Irish 
 linen, grass cambric, etc., 
 though with a mixture of cotton . 
 
 Mats, esparto 
 
 Mats of osier or vegetable fibers. 
 
 Ready-made clothing of linen, 
 woven in any manner or form. . 
 
 Rushes, unmanufactured 
 
 Sacks made for coflTee 
 
 Sandals of hemp 
 
 Sandals of vegetable fibers 
 
 Tarpaulin and ordinary oilcloth, 
 for packing 
 
 Thread, in balls, to sew bags .... 
 
 Towels, linen or cotton 
 
 Tow, of all kinds 
 
 Tow, tarred 
 
 Silk and tnanufcutures of. 
 
 Braids, silk 
 
 Cloth, silk, of all kinds, mixed 
 or unmixed with other mate- 
 rial, not elsewhere specified. . . . 
 
 Duty per 
 
 pound 
 
 in U. S. 
 
 currency. 
 
 Elastic, silk, for shoes . 
 Hammocks, silk 
 
 Dollars. 
 .179 
 
 . 013 
 •179 
 
 .723 
 . 109 
 
 .013 
 . 007 
 
 • 073 
 . 023 
 
 . 216 
 
 • 723 
 
 . 217 
 .013 
 . 013 
 
 • 723 
 . 007 
 . 007 
 .217 
 .179 
 
 . 007 
 . 023 
 
 ■217 
 . 007 
 .007 
 
 1.086 
 
 1.086 
 
 •499 
 .723 
 
 ARTfCULO DE MERCANCIA. 
 
 Derechos 
 por kilo 
 en mone- 
 da de Cos- 
 ta Rica. 
 
 Tejidos — Continiia. 
 Canamo — Contintia. 
 
 Sacos de noche de fibras vege- 
 tales 
 
 Brusas 6 cepillos de mimbre 6 
 fibras vegetales 
 
 Alfombras de fibras vegetales. . 
 
 Cigarreras de pita y objetos se- 
 mejantes 
 
 Cordeles de fibras textiles vege- 
 tales 
 
 Jarcia 
 
 Esparto en rama 
 
 Fibras, textiles, vegetales en 
 ovillos, madejas 6 carreteles.. 
 
 Fibras, textiles, vegetales, hila- 
 das en pavilo 6 para coser 
 sacos 
 
 Yerbillas y telas analogas, aun- 
 que tengan mezcla de algod6n . 
 
 Sombreros de pita 6 jipijapa. . . . 
 
 Lino en telas, como irlandas, 
 yerbillas, etc., aunque tengan 
 mezcla de algod6n 
 
 Esteras de esparto 
 
 Petates de mimbre 6 fibras vege- 
 tales 
 
 Ropa hecha de lino de cualquier 
 tejido y forma 
 
 Junco sin manufacturar 
 
 Sacos hechos para caffe 
 
 Alpargatas (calzado) 
 
 Sandalos de fibras vegetales .... 
 
 Encerados comunes para enfar- 
 dar 
 
 Hilo en pabilo 6 para coser sa- 
 cos 
 
 Toallas, lino 6 algod6n 
 
 Estopas de toda clase 
 
 Estopas alquitranadas. . .-^ 
 
 Seda. 
 
 Trencillas de seda 
 
 Telas de seda de toda clase aun- 
 que tengan parte de otra ma- 
 teria en su fabricaci6n, no 
 comprendidas en otra parte 
 del arancel 
 
 ElAstico de seda para calzado. . . 
 
 Hamacas de seda 
 
COSTA RICA. 
 
 117 
 
 ARTICLE OF MERCHANDISE. 
 
 Duty per 
 
 pound 
 
 in U.S. 
 
 currency. 
 
 -I- 
 
 TextiloB— Continued. 
 Silk and manufactures of — Cont'd. 
 
 Laces, silk 
 
 Ornaments and articles of fancy 
 work of pure silk or mixed. . . . 
 
 Parasols of silk or mixed with 
 silk 
 
 Patterns or uppers for shoes, of 
 silk, with or without elastic. . . . 
 
 Ready-made clothing of silk, 
 though having linings and or- 
 naments of other materials . . . . 
 
 Ribbons of silk or mixed silk. . . 
 
 Sashes, silk 
 
 Sash ribbons, silk 
 
 Shoes of silk cloth, or imitation, 
 with or without elastic, and 
 uppers ready for soles 
 
 Silk in uppers for shoes, with or 
 without elastic 
 
 Silk made into all kinds of cloth, 
 ribbons, tapes, garters, sus- 
 penders, and ornaments and 
 objects of fancy work, even 
 though such articles should be 
 made partially of another ma- 
 terial not elsewhere specified 
 in this tariff 
 
 Silk, raw, and floss silk 
 
 Silk, twisted, loose or in thread. 
 
 Suspenders, silk 
 
 Tulles, smooth, stamped, or 
 flowered 
 
 Umbrellas, silk or mixed with 
 silk 
 
 Wool and manufactures of. 
 
 Alpaca, wool 
 
 Blankets of wool 
 
 Blankets, rough, wool 
 
 Braids, woolen 
 
 Baize, woolen 
 
 Carpets or shags, woolen 
 
 Cashmeres 
 
 Cassimeres 
 
 Cloaks, woolen 
 
 Cloth, woolen, in pieces or cut, 
 
 pure or mixed 
 
 Cord 
 
 Dalmaticas of tissue, wool, or 
 
 iv.y other substance 
 
 Damasks, wool 
 
 Dollars. 
 1.086 
 
 1.086 
 
 .289 
 
 .723 
 
 1.449 
 1.086 
 1.087 
 1.086 
 
 .723 
 .723 
 
 1.087 
 
 ■ 723 
 
 ■ 723 
 1.087 
 
 .363 
 .289 
 
 .289 
 •179 
 •179 
 .723 
 •179 
 .289 
 .289 
 
 • 363 
 .179 
 
 ■ 363 
 
 • 723 
 
 • 723 
 .289 
 
 ARTfCULO DE MERCANCIA. 
 
 Derechos 
 por kilo 
 en mone- 
 da de Cos- 
 ta Rica . 
 
 Tejidos — Continda. 
 Seda — ContinCia. 
 
 Encajes, seda 
 
 Adornos y objetos de pasama- 
 
 neria de seda pura 6 mezclada. 
 
 SombriUas de seda 6 sedados. . . 
 
 Cortes de calzado de seda, ten- 
 gan 6 no eldstico 
 
 Ropa hecha de seda, aunque 
 tengan forros y adornos de 
 otros materiales 
 
 Cintas de seda 6 sedadas 
 
 Bandas de seda 
 
 Listones de seda 
 
 Calzado de g6nero de seda 6 se- 
 dado, con 6 sin elistico, y el 
 preparado para ponerle suela, 
 
 Seda en cortes para calzado, ten- 
 gan 6 no el4stico 
 
 Seda en toda clase de telas, lis- 
 tones, cintas, tirantes y ador- 
 nos y objetos de pasamaneria, 
 tengan 6 no parte de otra ma- 
 teria en su fabricaci6n, y no 
 comprendidas en otra parte 
 de este arancel 
 
 Seda y borra en rama 
 
 Seda hilada, suelta 6 torcida. . . , 
 
 Tirantes de seda 
 
 Tules lisos, estampados 6 florea- 
 
 dos 
 
 Paraguas de seda 6 sedados ... 
 
 Lana. 
 
 Alpacas, lana 
 
 Frazadas de lana 
 
 Chamarras, lana 
 
 Trencillas de lana 
 
 Bayetas, lana 
 
 Alfombras 6 tripes, lana 
 
 Cachemiras 
 
 Casimires 
 
 Mantas de lana 
 
 Paiios de lana, en piezas 6 cortes 
 
 puros 6 mezclados 
 
 Cordones 
 
 Dalmaticas de tish, lana 6 cual 
 
 quiera otra materia 
 
 Damascos de lana 
 
ii8 
 
 COSTA RICA. 
 
 ARTICLE OF MERCHANDISE. 
 
 Textiles — Continued. 
 Wool and manufactures of— CoTiH 6l. 
 
 Drawers, woolen, of stockinet or 
 
 not 
 
 Elastic of wool, for shoes 
 
 Felt, for hats and similar uses . . . 
 
 Felt for roofs, walls, and similar 
 uses 
 
 Flannels, woolen 
 
 Garters, wool 
 
 Gloves, woolen 
 
 Goods of wool, damasked 
 
 Goods of wool mixed with silk, 
 or cotton and silk, other than 
 ribbons 
 
 Laces, woolen 
 
 Mantles, woolen 
 
 Mattresses of wool or horsehair . 
 
 Merinos, wool 
 
 Parasols, woolen 
 
 Patterns or uppers for shoes of 
 wool, with or without elastic. . . 
 
 Pillows of wool or hair 
 
 Ready-made clothing of wool, 
 though lined and ornamented 
 with other materials 
 
 Saddle blankets of wool or cot- 
 ton 
 
 Sashes, wool 
 
 Shag, woolen 
 
 Sashes, woolen 
 
 Shawls and handkerchiefs of 
 wool 
 
 Shirts, woolen, stockinet or not. . 
 
 Stockings of wool 
 
 Tassels, wool 
 
 Umbrellas, wool 
 
 Undershirts, woolen, stockinet or 
 not 
 
 Velvet, woolen 
 
 Wool, all kinds, crude 
 
 Wool in cloth mixed with silk, 
 or with cotton and silk, except 
 ribbons 
 
 Wool in cloth, smooth or twilled, 
 such as alpacas, merinos, etc., 
 in pieces or patterns, pure or 
 mixed, other than silk 
 
 Wool in hanks, skeins, or thread. 
 
 Duty per 
 
 pound 
 
 in U.S. 
 
 currency 
 
 Wool, trimmings 
 
 .363 
 • 333 
 .013 
 
 . 013 
 ■ 363 
 .723 
 .363 
 
 • 363 
 
 • 723 
 .179 
 .073 
 .289 
 .179 
 
 •363 
 .073 
 
 •723 
 
 .117 
 
 • 723 
 
 • 363 
 
 • 723 
 
 .289 
 
 ■ 363 
 
 • 363 
 
 • 723 
 .179 
 
 ■ 363 
 .289 
 .037 
 
 •363 
 
 .289 
 ■ 073 
 
 • 723 
 
 ARTfCULO DE MERCANCIA. 
 
 Tejidos — Contintia. 
 Lana — Continiia. 
 
 Calzoncillos de lana, sean 6 no 
 de punto de media 
 
 Elistico de lana para calzado . . 
 
 Fieltro para sombreros y usos 
 semejantes 
 
 Fieltro para techos paredes y 
 usos semejantes 
 
 Franelas de lana 
 
 Ligas de lana 
 
 Guantes de lana 
 
 Generos de lana adamascados . 
 
 Tejidos de lasa mezclados con 
 seda, 6 algodon y seda, menos 
 las cintas 
 
 Encajes de lana 
 
 Mantillas de lana 
 
 Golchones de lana 6 crin 
 
 Merinos lana 
 
 Sombrillas de lana 
 
 Cortes calzado de lana, tengan 
 6 no elAstico 
 
 Almohadas de lana 6 crin 
 
 Ropa hecha de lana, aunque 
 tengan forros y adornos de 
 otras materias 
 
 Mantiliones de lana 6 algodbn. . 
 
 Bandas de lana 
 
 Jergas de lana 
 
 Fajas de lana 
 
 Panolones y pafiuelos de lana . , 
 
 Camisas de lana sean 6 no punto 
 de media 
 
 Medias de lana 
 
 Borlas de lana 
 
 Paraguas de lana 
 
 Camisetas, lana, sean 6 no de 
 punto de media 
 
 Terciopelo de lana 
 
 Lanas de toda clase en rama. . . . 
 
 Lana en tejidos mezclados con 
 seda 6 con algod6n 3' seda, 
 excepto las cintas 
 
 Lana en telas lisas 6 asargadas, 
 como alpacas, merinos, etc., 
 en cortes 6 piezas, puros 6 
 con mezcla que no sea seda. . . 
 
 Lana en madejon, hilada 6 tor- 
 cida 
 
 Lana en objetos de pasamaneria. 
 
 Derechos 
 por kilo 
 
 en mone- 
 da de Cos- 
 ta Rica. 
 
COSTA RICA. 
 
 1 19 
 
 ARTICLE OF MERCHANDISE. 
 
 Textiles — Continued. 
 Wool and manufactures of — Com' d , 
 
 Wool made into wearing apparel, 
 such as stockings and shirts, 
 of stockinet or not, though 
 mixed with some silk 
 
 Tobacco and manufactures of. 
 
 Cigarettes 
 
 Cigars and cut tobacco 
 
 Snuff 
 
 Tobacco manufactured into cigar- 
 ettes, cigars, snuff, and smok- 
 ing tobacco 
 
 Vehicles and parts thereof. 
 
 Axles of wood 
 
 Berlins 
 
 Carriages 
 
 Cars for railways and tramways. . 
 
 Carts, handcarts, wagons, and 
 wheels and other parts 
 
 Materials, wooden, for carts, 
 wheelbarrows, wagons, etc . . . . 
 
 Omnibuses orcarriages, not spe- 
 cified 
 
 Passenger cars for railwa)-s or 
 tramways 
 
 Springs for carriages or wagons. . 
 
 Springs, metal, of less than 2 kilos 
 weight, other than those for 
 wagons and watches -. . 
 
 Tires, iron 
 
 Wheel-boxes, iron 
 
 Wheels and axles for carts 
 
 Wheels for sharpening instru- 
 ments 
 
 Wheels, metal, for wagons 
 
 Wheel tires and boxes, of iron. . . 
 
 Wood and manufactures of. 
 
 Bagatelle tables 
 
 Barrels and hogsheads, empty . . . 
 Boards, planks, and every kind 
 
 of wood for building 
 
 Beams and joists of wood, for 
 
 building 
 
 Beds 
 
 Duty per 
 
 pound 
 
 in U.S. 
 
 currency. 
 
 ARTICULO DE MERCANCIA. 
 
 Derechos 
 por kilo 
 
 en mone- 
 da de Cos- 
 ta Rica. 
 
 Dollars. 
 •363 
 
 .726 
 
 • 726 
 •727 
 
 .T2.-] 
 
 .037 
 
 ■ 073 
 
 ■ 073 
 .073 
 
 . or3 
 . 013 
 
 • 073 
 
 • 073 
 .037 
 
 .179 
 . 01 
 .01 
 .007 
 
 ■ 037 
 .007 
 . 01 
 
 . log 
 .007 
 
 .013 
 
 .or3 
 .037 
 
 Tejidos — Continfia. 
 Lana — Continua. 
 
 Lana en piezas de ropa, como 
 medias y camisas, sean 6 no 
 de punto de media, aunque 
 
 Pesos. 
 
 1. 09 
 
 2. 18 
 
 Tabaco. 
 
 Cigarrillos 
 
 Puros y picadura de tabaco 
 
 Rape 
 
 2.18 
 2. iS 
 
 Tabaco elaborado en cigarrillos, 
 puros, rap6 y picadura 
 
 Vehiculos. 
 Ejes de madera 
 
 2.18 
 
 . II 
 
 . 22 
 
 
 
 Vehiculos de ferro-carriles y 
 
 
 Carretas, carretillos, carretones 
 y sus ruedas y dem4s utiles. . . 
 
 Utiles de madera para carretas, 
 carretillos, carretones, etc. . . . 
 
 Omnibus 6 carruages, no expre- 
 
 .04 
 .04 
 
 Muelles para carruages y wa- 
 
 
 Carruages paraviajerosenferro- 
 
 
 Muelies de metal de mfenos de 2 
 kilos de peso, que no sean para 
 wagones 6 relojes 
 
 •54 
 
 .03 
 
 
 Ruedas y ejes para carretas 
 
 Ruedas pa-a afilar instrumentos. 
 
 Ruedas de metal para wagones. , 
 Llantas 4 bocinas de hierro 
 
 Madera. 
 
 .02 
 . II 
 
 .02 
 .03 
 
 Barriles y toneles vacios 
 
 Tablas, tablones y toda clase de 
 
 madera de construcci6n 
 
 Vigas y viguetas de madera para 
 
 .02 
 
 .04 
 
 .04 
 
 Camas 
 
 . 11 
 
120 
 
 COSTA RICA. 
 
 ARTICLE OF MERCHANDISE. 
 
 Wood and manufactuiea of — Cont'd. 
 
 Billiard tables 
 
 Blinds, lattices, and Venetian 
 
 blinds 
 
 Blocks, for hats and shoemakers' 
 
 lasts, etc 
 
 Boxes, made of shavings, used in 
 
 drug stores 
 
 Boxes to keep shawls, fancy or 
 
 otherwise 
 
 Boxes, fancy, of more than 2 
 
 kilos weight 
 
 Boxes, fancy, of less than 2 kilos 
 
 weight 
 
 Boxes, for chess 
 
 Boxes for keeping shawls, fancy 
 
 or otherwise 
 
 Buckets 
 
 Buttons 
 
 Card cases 
 
 Chairs 
 
 Combs 
 
 Combs for cloth 
 
 Dressing cases 
 
 Furniture 
 
 Globes or spheres 
 
 Handles, for axes, brooms, and 
 
 everj' kind of tools 
 
 Handles, for pens and pencils. . . . 
 
 Hogsheads, empty 
 
 Hoop poles 
 
 Hoops 
 
 Instruments, wooden, for agricul- 
 ture and industry 
 
 Lasts 
 
 Levers 
 
 Matches 
 
 Moldings, gilt or not, with or 
 without varnish or polish 
 
 Pipes 
 
 Plummets 
 
 Rat traps or traps 
 
 Razor strops 
 
 Rocking chairs, of any form 
 
 Rules 
 
 Shingles 
 
 Shovels 
 
 Sofas 
 
 Statues and sculptures, of more 
 than 2 kilos weight 
 
 Duty per 
 
 pound 
 
 in U. S. 
 
 currency. 
 
 Dollars. 
 . 109 
 
 . 109 
 
 .007 
 
 •037 
 
 .037 
 
 .179 
 
 •363 
 .179 
 
 .037 
 . 013 
 .363 
 .179 
 .037 
 .179 
 • 013 
 .179 
 .037 
 .007 
 
 .007 
 
 .179 
 
 .007 
 
 .007 
 .007 
 
 . 007 
 .007 
 ■ 013 
 •073 
 
 •037 
 •363 
 .013 
 ■037 
 . 109 
 .037 
 ■037 
 
 .013 
 . 013 
 .037 
 ■037 
 
 ARTlCULO DE MERCANCIA. 
 
 Madera — Continta. 
 
 Billares 
 
 Celosias, venecianas y persianas. 
 
 Hormas para sombreros, zapa- 
 
 tos, etc 
 
 Cajitas de viruta, usadas en las 
 
 boticas 
 
 Cajas para guardar pafiolones, 
 
 sean 6 no de fantasia 
 
 Cajas de fantasia 6 lujo, de mds 
 
 de 2 kilos de peso 
 
 Cajas de fantasia 6 lujo, de rak- 
 
 nos de 2 kilos de peso 
 
 Cajas para juegos de ajedrez. . . . 
 Cajas para guardar pafiolones, 
 
 sean 6 no de fantasia 
 
 Baldes 
 
 Botones 
 
 Tarjeteras 
 
 Sillas 
 
 Peines 
 
 Peines paratejidos 
 
 Neceseres 
 
 Muebles 
 
 Globos 6 esferas 
 
 Mangos, para hachas, azadas, 
 
 escobas y para toda clase de 
 
 herraraientas 
 
 Cabos y mangos para plumas 6 
 
 lapices 
 
 Toneles, vacios 
 
 Flejes de madera 
 
 Arcos de madera 
 
 Instrumentos, madera, para la 
 
 agricultura 6 industria 
 
 Hormas para zapatos 
 
 Palancas zapatos 
 
 F6sforos 
 
 Molduras, con 6 sin dorado, 
 
 barniz 6 charol 
 
 Cachimbas 
 
 Plomadas 
 
 Ratoneras 6 trampas 
 
 Suavizadores 
 
 Poltronas, de cualquiera forma. . 
 
 Reglas para rayar 
 
 Teja manil 
 
 Pal as 
 
 Sofas 
 
 Estatuas y esculturas, de m4s de 
 
 2 kilos de peso 
 
 Derechos 
 por kilo 
 
 en mone- 
 da de Cos- 
 ta Rica. 
 
COSTA RICA. 
 
 121 
 
 ARTICLE OF MERCHANDISE. 
 
 Wood and manufactures of — Cont'd. 
 
 Statues and sculptures, of less 
 
 than 2 kilos weight 
 
 Staves 
 
 Strips of wood, for building 
 
 Strops, razor 
 
 Tools and implements for agricul- 
 ture and industry 
 
 Trays 
 
 Trunks, with or without covers . . 
 
 Utensils, not specified, for the 
 arts and trades 
 
 Venetian blinds 
 
 Waiters 
 
 Walking sticks and canes, of ev- 
 ery kind 
 
 Wardrobes, wooden 
 
 Wood, cabinet, in logs or pieces. . 
 
 Wood for construction, such as 
 boards, joists, beams, etc 
 
 Wood made into doors and win- 
 dows, with or without hinges 
 or locks 
 
 Miscellaneous. 
 
 Abacus and Level's apparatus . . , 
 Amber, in pieces or manufactured 
 
 Amber, manufactured 
 
 Articlesand instruments of metal, 
 
 for the use of the drug stores. . 
 
 Articles for printers 
 
 Articles gilded or plated for table 
 
 services and other uses 
 
 Bags, hand, traveling 
 
 Bags, hunting, or ammunition 
 cases for hunters, or bags for 
 other uses 
 
 Barometers and compasses 
 
 Baskets of osier and vegetable 
 fibers 
 
 Baskets of rush 
 
 Bellows 
 
 Bitumen 
 
 Blacking, shoe 
 
 Bolts for doors 
 
 Bone, in combs, etc 
 
 Duty per 
 
 pound 
 
 in U. S. 
 
 currency. 
 
 ARTfcULO DE MERCANCIA. 
 
 Derechos 
 por kilo 
 en mone- 
 da de Cos- 
 ta Rica. 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 •363 
 .007 
 
 .013 
 . 109 
 
 .007 
 . 109 
 •073 
 
 .013 
 . 109 
 . 109 
 
 .723 
 •037 
 •037 
 
 .013 
 •037 
 
 .007 
 .363 
 
 .723 
 
 •037 
 Free. 
 
 . 267 
 
 .179 
 
 .179 
 .037 
 
 .013 
 
 • 073 
 .013 
 .007 
 .037 
 
 • 073 
 .179 
 
 Madera— Contintia. 
 
 Estatuas y esculturas de madera 
 
 de mfenos de 2 kilos de peso. 
 
 Duelas 
 
 Pesos. 
 
 I. 09 
 02 
 
 Reglas de madera para construc- 
 ci6n 
 
 Od 
 
 Asentadores y suavizadores 
 
 Utiles de madera para la agricul- 
 
 -33 
 
 Azafates ... 
 
 . '\'\ 
 
 Baules, forrados 6 sin forrar. . . . 
 Utensilios, no especi fi c a d s. 
 
 . 22 
 . 04 
 
 Venecianas .... . . . 
 
 . '\'\ 
 
 Bandejas. . . 
 
 '\'\ 
 
 Bastonesy canasde toda clase... 
 
 2.17 
 
 Madera paraebanisteriaen tron- 
 
 
 Madera de construcci6n, como 
 tablas, vigas, viguetas etc 
 
 Madera en puertas y ventanas, 
 traigan 6 no bisagras, cerra- 
 duras, etc 
 
 .04 
 . II 
 
 Objetos diversos. 
 
 Abacos y aparatus de Level 
 
 Ambar en pedazos 6 manufac- 
 turado 
 
 .02 
 
 I oq 
 
 Ambar manufacturado 
 
 Utiles k instrumentos metilicos 
 
 para uso de las boticas 
 
 Utiles de imprenta. ... ... 
 
 2.17 
 
 . II 
 Libres. 
 
 Articulos dorados 6 plateados 
 para servicio de mesa ti otros 
 usos 
 
 80 
 
 Bolsas 6 sacos de noche 
 
 Bolsas para municioneras {i 
 
 .54 
 
 
 
 Canastas de mimbre y fibras vege- 
 tales 
 
 
 
 
 FucUes 
 
 
 
 
 Betunes para calzado 
 
 II 
 
 
 
 H ueso en peines, etc 
 
 .£4 
 
122 
 
 COSTA RICA. 
 
 ARTICLE OF MERCHANDISE. 
 
 Miscellaneous — Continued. 
 
 Boots, rubber 
 
 Boxes, ladies' work 
 
 Boxes, paint 
 
 Bricks, Bath, for cleaning knives 
 
 and forks 
 
 Bricks, building 
 
 Brooms, osier or other vegetable 
 
 fibers 
 
 Brooms of rush or cane 
 
 Bristles and horsehair, raw 
 
 Brushes, paint, for any use 
 
 Brushes, for workmen 
 
 Brushes of bristle, horsehair, for 
 
 cleaning animals, floors, and 
 
 shoes 
 
 Brushes, of hair or bristle, for the 
 
 clothes, hair, teeth, nails, etc . . 
 
 Cages of all kinds 
 
 Candles, tallow 
 
 Candles, wax 
 
 Canvas for embroidering 
 
 Caps, of every kind, with or with- 
 out trimmings except those of 
 agave and Panamas 
 
 Caps for bottles 
 
 Celluloid, manufactures of 
 
 Chains, surveying 
 
 Cloth, waterproof, to protect carts 
 
 and coffee in the drying courts 
 
 (patios) 
 
 Coats, rubber 
 
 Combs, gutta-percha 
 
 Combs, horn or bone 
 
 Copperas 
 
 Corks, for bottles 
 
 Corsets or stavs 
 
 Corkscrews 
 
 Creams, all kinds 
 
 Dress goods 
 
 Embroidery borders 
 
 Eyeglasses, mounted in gold. . . 
 
 Feather dusters 
 
 Featiiers, loose, for mattresses 
 
 and pillows 
 
 Filters, water 
 
 Flowerpots, for gardens 
 
 Frames of all shapes, with or with 
 
 out gilt, varnish, or polish. . . . 
 Fringes, silver 
 
 Duty per 
 
 pound 
 
 in U.S. 
 
 currency . 
 
 Dollars. 
 .179 
 
 .179 
 .179 
 
 .003 
 . 003 
 
 .013 
 
 .073 
 .037 
 .179 
 ■037 
 
 •037 
 .179 
 
 .179 
 .023 
 
 .179 
 •073 
 
 •363 
 .073 
 
 •363 
 
 ARTfCULO DE MERCANCIA. 
 
 •037 
 
 007 
 179 
 179 
 179 
 037 
 073 
 
 363 
 179 
 
 363 
 289 
 
 363 
 893 
 073 
 
 073 
 003 
 003 
 
 109 
 449 
 
 Objetos diveisos — Continfia. 
 
 Botes de hule 
 
 Costureros 
 
 Cajas con colores para pintor . 
 Ladrillos para limpiar cubiertos 
 
 Ladrillos de construcci6n 
 
 Escobas de mimbre <i otras fib- 
 ras vegetales 
 
 Escobas de junco 6 cana 
 
 Cerdas y crines en rama 
 
 Pinceles para cualquier uso . . . 
 
 Brochas para artesanos 
 
 Brusas 6 cepillos de crin, pelo 6 
 cerda para limpiar bestias, pi- 
 sos y calzado 
 
 Cepillos de crin, pelo 6 cerda 
 para ropa, cabeza, dientes, 
 ufias, etc 
 
 Jaulas de toda clase 
 
 Velas de sebo 
 
 Velas de cera 
 
 Telas para bordar (cailamazo). . , 
 
 Gorras de toda clase, con 6 sin 
 adorno, excepto los de pita y 
 jipijapa 
 
 Capsulas para botellas 
 
 Celuloide, manufacturado en 
 objetos de cualquiera clase. . . 
 
 Cadenas para medir 
 
 Genero impermeable, para pro- 
 tejer de la Uuvia, carros, cafe 
 en los patios, etc 
 
 Capas, hule 
 
 Peines de gutapercha 
 
 Peines de cuerno y hueso 
 
 Caparrosa, verdc 
 
 Corchos paratapar botellas 
 
 Cors6es 6 apretadores 
 
 Sacacorchos 
 
 Cremas de toda clase 
 
 Lanillas 
 
 Tiras bordadas 
 
 Anteojos montados en uro 
 
 Plumeros para sacudir 
 
 Plumas de ave para col chones y 
 almohadas 
 
 Filtros para agua 
 
 Macetas de barro para jardin. . . 
 
 Marcos de toda forma, con 6 sin 
 dorado, barniz 6 charol 
 
 Flecos de plata 
 
 Derechoi 
 por kilo 
 en mone- 
 da de Cos- 
 ta Rica. 
 
COSTA RICA. 
 
 123 
 
 ARTICLE OF MERCHANDISE. 
 
 Miscellaneous — Continued. 
 
 Fuses for mines 
 
 Fishhooks 
 
 Glue 
 
 Gongs 
 
 Greases, and fats, not specified. . 
 
 Gum arabic. solid or liquid 
 
 Gutta-percha in objects not orna- 
 mental 
 
 Gutta-percha in objects not speci- 
 fied for the use of drugstores. . 
 
 Hair, human or imitation, loose 
 or made into wigs 
 
 Hair of all kinds, with the refuse 
 of same, except human hair. . . . 
 
 Hairpins and hooks for the hair. . 
 
 Hair, braided, in manufactures 
 not specified 
 
 Handbags, traveling 
 
 Hats of all kinds, with or without 
 ornaments 
 
 Hooks for wardrobes and other 
 uses 
 
 Horn, manufactured into combs 
 and other similar objects 
 
 Horsehair, in mattresses or pil- 
 lows 
 
 Horsehair, woven 
 
 Hose or sprinklers, gutta-percha. . 
 
 Hunting bags, or ammunition 
 
 cases, or bags for other uses. . . 
 
 Incense 
 
 Instrument cases 
 
 Instruments, metallic, used in 
 
 drugstores. . . .' 
 
 Instruments, scientific 
 
 Instruments, surgical 
 
 Ivory, crude 
 
 Ivory, manufactured 
 
 Jet, manufactured 
 
 Knives,forks,and spoons for table 
 
 service, gilded or plated 
 
 'Knives, forks, and spoons fortable 
 
 use, gilded or silver-plated. .. . 
 
 Lanterns, glass 
 
 Levels 
 
 Looking-glasses, with or without 
 
 frames 
 
 Loto, pasteboard 
 
 Duty per 
 
 pound 
 
 iaU. S. 
 
 currency. 
 
 Dollars. 
 . 007 
 ■367 
 • 037 
 .037 
 .013 
 .073 
 
 .179 
 .179 
 
 • 723 
 
 .037 
 
 .363 
 
 .179 
 .179 
 
 • 363 
 .179 
 ■179 
 
 • 073 
 
 • 179 
 . 029 
 
 .179 
 . 109 
 .179 
 
 • 037 
 .037 
 .179 
 . 013 
 
 • 723 
 .723 
 
 . 267 
 
 . 267 
 .037 
 .013 
 
 .173 
 .179 
 
 ARTICULO DE MERCANCIA. 
 
 Objetos diversos — Continfia. 
 
 Mechas para minas 
 
 Anzuelos 
 
 Cola 
 
 Gublas 
 
 Grasas, no especificadas 
 
 Goma aribiga, solida 6 liquida. . 
 Gutapercha en objetos que no 
 
 sean de adorno 
 
 Gutapercha en objetos no speci- 
 
 cados para boticas y drogue- 
 
 rias 
 
 Pelo humano 6 imitaci6n, suelto 
 
 6 manufacturado en pelucas. . 
 Pelos de todas clases, en rama 
 
 6 sus desperdidas, excepto 
 
 el pelo humano 
 
 Ganchos para el peinado 
 
 Pelo trenzado en manufacturas 
 
 no especificadas 
 
 Bolsas 6 sacos de noche 
 
 Sombreros de toda clase, con 6 
 
 sin adornos 
 
 Ganchos para roperos y otros 
 
 usos 
 
 Cuerno, manufacturado en pei- 
 
 nes y objetos semejantes 
 
 Crin en colchones 6 almohadas . 
 
 Crin en tejidos de todas clases. , 
 
 Mangueraso regaderas de guta- 
 percha 
 
 Bolsas para municioneras ii 
 otros usos 
 
 Inciensa 
 
 Estuches 
 
 Instrumentosmetalicos parauso 
 de las boticas 
 
 Instrumentos cientificos 
 
 Instrumentos de cirugia 
 
 Marfil en bruto 
 
 Marfil manufacturado 
 
 Azabache, manufacturado 
 
 Cubiertos dorados 6 plateados 
 para servicio de mesa 
 
 Cubiertos para servicio de mesa, 
 dorados 6 plateados 
 
 Faroles de vidrio 
 
 Niveles 
 
 Espejos, con 6 sin marcos 
 
 Derechos 
 por kilo 
 en mone- 
 da de Cos- 
 ta Rica. 
 
 i Loterias de carton 
 
124 
 
 COSTA RICA. 
 
 ARTICLE OF MERCHANDISE. 
 
 Miscellaneous — Continued. 
 
 Madder 
 
 Magnets, artificial 
 
 Matches, wax 
 
 Meerschaum, in pieces or manu- 
 factured 
 
 Mosquito nets 
 
 Mother-of-pearl, manufactured. . 
 
 Muzzles, wire 
 
 Needles 
 
 Nipples of gutta-percha 
 
 Osier, crude 
 
 Osier, manufactured 
 
 Pantographs, metal 
 
 Paste for billiard cues 
 
 Penholders and pencil cases. . . . 
 
 Penknives 
 
 Penknives and pocketknives . . . 
 
 Pictures with frame and glass . . . 
 
 Pictures used by "The Equita- 
 ble" for advertising 
 
 Pictures used to advertise "The 
 Equitable" 
 
 Pillows of fea'.hers 
 
 Pitch 
 
 Pitch and tar 
 
 Portemonnaies, metal 
 
 Printers' supplies 
 
 Printing presses and their appara- 
 tus 
 
 Pulleys 
 
 Razors 
 
 Razor strops, metal 
 
 Rat traps or traps, metal 
 
 Samples of all kinds without 
 value 
 
 Scalpels, metal 
 
 Sealing wax, fine, for letters 
 
 Sealing wax, ordinary, for stop- 
 ping bottles 
 
 Shags 
 
 Shoes, gutta-percha 
 
 Sieves 
 
 Skirts 
 
 Slates, with frames, for schools . . 
 
 Soap, ordinary perfumed 
 
 Spermaceti, crude 
 
 Spoons, knives, and forks for 
 table use, gilded or silver- 
 plated 
 
 Duty per 
 
 pound 
 
 in U.S. 
 
 currency. 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 ■037 
 . log 
 
 • 363 
 
 • 363 
 .723 
 
 .179 
 
 • 363 
 .179 
 . 007 
 .013 
 .179 
 .023 
 .179 
 
 • 179 
 .179 
 . 109 
 
 . 007 
 
 .007 
 . 109 
 .087 
 .007 
 .179 
 Tree. 
 
 Free. 
 
 • 179 
 
 • 179 
 . 109 
 
 •073 
 
 .007 
 .037 
 .179 
 
 • 073 
 .289 
 
 .179 
 •037 
 
 • 363 
 . 007 
 
 .179 
 .023 
 
 . 267 
 
 ARTfCULO DE MERCANCIA. 
 
 Derechos 
 por kilo 
 
 en mone- 
 da de Cos- 
 ta Rica. 
 
 Objetos diversos— Continfia. 
 
 Grancina 
 
 Imanes artificiales 
 
 F6sforos de cera 6 ceriUos .... 
 Espuma de mar, en pedazos 6 
 
 manufacturada 
 
 Mosquiteros 
 
 Nacar manufacturado 
 
 Bozales de alambre 
 
 Agujas 
 
 Chupones de guta-percha 
 
 Mimbre en rama 
 
 Mimbre manufacturado 
 
 Pant6grafos, metal 
 
 Pasta para tacos de billar 
 
 Cabos para plumas y lapiceros. 
 
 Cortaplumas 6 cuchillas 
 
 Navajas de bolsa y cortaplumas 
 Cuadros con marco y vidrio . . . 
 Cuadros de anuncios para "La 
 
 Equitativa" 
 
 Cuadros de anuncios para "La 
 
 Equitativa" 
 
 Almohadas de plumas 
 
 Breas 
 
 Alquitranes 
 
 Portamonedas, metal 
 
 Utiles de imprenta 
 
 Imprentas y sus utiles 
 
 Garruchas 
 
 Navajas de afeitar 
 
 Suavizadores, metal 
 
 Ratoneras 6 trampas de metal. . 
 
 Muestras de toda especie sin 
 valor 
 
 Escalpelos, metal 
 
 Lacre fino para cartas 
 
 Lacre ordinario para tapar bote- 
 llas 
 
 Tripes 
 
 Zapatos de guta-percha 
 
 Cedazos, cribas harneros y za- 
 randas 
 
 Zagalejos 
 
 Pizarras con marco para uso de 
 las escuelas 
 
 Jabon, ordinario, perfuraado. . . 
 
 Esperma de ballena, en rama . . 
 
 Cucharas, cuchillosy tenedores 
 para el servicio de mesa, do- 
 rados 6 plateados 
 
COSTA RICA. 
 
 125 
 
 ARTICLE OF MERCHANDISE. 
 
 Miscellaneous — Continued. 
 
 Spoons, teaspoons, forks, knives, 
 carving knives, etc 
 
 Sprinklers or hose, of gutta- 
 percha 
 
 Stereoscopes 
 
 Stones and wheels for sharpening 
 instruments 
 
 Stopcocks 
 
 Strings, metallic, for instruments, 
 with filling of silk 
 
 Strings of gut, for instruments . . 
 
 Strings of silk, for instruments. . 
 
 Duty per 
 
 pound 
 
 in U.S. 
 
 currency . 
 
 Syringes, gutta-percha 
 
 Tallow, or greases, not specified. . 
 
 Thimbles, metal 
 
 Tissues of all kinds 
 
 To3'S of all kinds 
 
 Traps, or rat traps, metal 
 
 Tubs 
 
 Tumblers, gutta-percha 
 
 Tortoise shell, crude , 
 
 Tortoise shell, manufactured 
 
 Velocipedes of any size and 
 
 weight 
 
 Vestments for priests, of tissue, 
 
 wool, or any other material. . . 
 
 Wafers, medicinal or otherwise. 
 
 Walking sticks, animal substan- 
 ces 
 
 Walking sticks of metal or bam- 
 boo 
 
 Wax, elaborated in any way, other 
 than candles 
 
 Wax, white or yellow, not manu- 
 factured 
 
 Whalebone, crude 
 
 Whalebone, manufactured i n 
 any way except as canes 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 •179 
 
 . 029 
 
 .179 
 
 •037 
 .037 
 
 •363 
 •723 
 
 .723 
 
 .179 
 .013 
 •363 
 . 723 
 .179 
 •073 
 . 013 
 
 •179 
 . 109 
 
 .723 
 . 289 
 
 •723 
 . 109 
 
 ■723 
 
 I. 629 
 
 •363 
 
 ■073 
 .179 
 
 .179 
 
 ARTfCULO DE MERCANCIA. 
 
 Derechos 
 por kilo 
 
 en mone- 
 da de Cos- 
 ta Rica. 
 
 Objetos diversos— Continfia. 
 
 Cucharas, cucharitas, tenedores, 
 cuchillos, y trinchantes, etc . . . 
 
 Regaderas 6 mangueras de guta- 
 percha 
 
 Estereoscopios 
 
 Piedras y ruedas para afilar in- 
 strumentos 
 
 Llaves para grifos 6 cafieria . . . . 
 
 Cuerdas entorchadas con alma 
 de seda 
 
 Cuerdas de tripa para instrumen- 
 tos 
 
 Cuerdas de seda para instrumen- 
 tos 
 
 Jeringas de guta-percha 
 
 Sebo y grasas no especificadas. . 
 
 Dedales, metal 
 
 Tisfies de toda clase 
 
 Juguetes de todas clases 
 
 Trampas 6 ratoneras, metal 
 
 Banaderas demadera 
 
 Vasos de guta-percha 
 
 Carey en bruto 
 
 Carey manufacturado 
 
 Velocipedes decualquier tama- 
 iTo y peso 
 
 Vestiduras sacerdo tales, de 
 tisfi, lana 6 cualquieraotra ma- 
 teria 
 
 Hostias, scan 6 no medicinales. . 
 
 Bastones de despojos de ani- 
 mal es 
 
 Bastonss metilicos 6 bambues. 
 
 Cera labrada en toda forma que 
 
 no sea en candelas 
 
 Cerablanca 6 amarilla sin labrar. 
 
 Ballena en bruto 
 
 Ballena preparada para cual- 
 quier objeto menos en bas- 
 tones 
 
 • 54 
 
 .09 
 
 • 54 
 
 . II 
 . II 
 
 1. 09 
 2.17 
 
 2. 17 
 
 • 54 
 .04 
 
 1. 09 
 
 2. 17 
 
 ■54 
 
 .04 
 
 • 54 
 
 • 33 
 
 2. 17 
 .87 
 
 2. 17 
 
 ■33 
 
 2.17 
 4.89 
 
 I. 09 
 
 .54 
 
 • 54 
 
Appendix B. 
 
 PARCELS POST CONVENTION BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES 
 OF AMERICA AND COSTA RICA. 
 
 For the purpose of making better postal arrangements between the United 
 States of America and the Republic of Costa Rica, the undersigned, John Wan- 
 amaker. Postmaster General of the United States of America, by virtue of 
 authority vested in him by law, and Federico Volio, charg6 d'affaires ad interim 
 of the Republic of Costa Rica at Washington, duly empowered thereto by the 
 President of the Republic of Costa Rica, have agreed upon the following articles 
 for the establishment of a parcels post system of exchanges between the two 
 countries. 
 
 Article I. 
 
 The provisions of this Convention relate only to parcels of mail matter to be 
 exchanged by the system herein provided for, and do not affect the arrangements 
 now existing under the Universal Postal Union Convention, which will con- 
 tinue as heretofore; and all the arrangements hereinafter contained apply ex- 
 clusively to mails exchanged under these articles. 
 
 Article II. 
 
 1. There shall be admitted to the mails exchanged under this Convention, 
 articles of merchandise and mail matter, except letters, post-cards, and written 
 matter, of all kinds that are admitted under any conditions to the domestic 
 mails of the country of origin, except that no packet must exceed five kilograms 
 or eleven pounds in weight, nor the following dimensions : greatest length in any 
 direction sixty centimeters, or two feet; greatest girth one hundred and twenty 
 centimeters, or four feet; and must be so wrapped or enclosed as to permit their 
 contents to be easily examined by postmasters and customs officers. 
 
 2. The following articles are prohibited admission to the mails exchanged 
 under this Convention: 
 
 Publications which violate the copy-right laws of the country of destination ; 
 liquids, poisons, explosive or inflammable substances, fatty substances, those 
 which easily liquefy; live or dead animals, not dried, insects and reptiles; con- 
 fections, pastes, fruits and vegetables which will easily decompose, and substances 
 
 127 
 
128 COSTA RICA. 
 
 which exhale a bad odor; lottery tickets or circulars; all obscene or immoral 
 articles; other articles which may destroy or in any way damage the mails, or 
 injure the persons handling them. 
 
 3. All admissible articles of merchandise mailed in one country for the other, 
 or received in one country from the other, shall be free from any detention or 
 inspection whatever, except such as is required for collection of customs duties, 
 and shall be forwarded by the most speedy means to their destination, being sub- 
 ject ia their transmission to the laws and regulations of each country respectively. 
 
 Article III. 
 
 1. A letter or communication of the nature of personal correspondence must 
 not accompany, be written on, or enclosed with any parcel. 
 
 2. If such be found, the letter will be placed in the mails if separable, and if 
 inseparably attached, the whole package will be rejected. If, however, any 
 such should inadvertently be forwarded, the country of destination will collect 
 double rates of postage according to the Universal Postal Union Convention. 
 
 3. No parcel may contain parcels intended for delivery at an address other 
 than the one borne by the parcel itself. If such enclosed parcels be detected, 
 they must be sent forward singly, charged with new and distinct parcels post 
 rates. 
 
 Article IV. 
 
 1. The following rates of postage shall in all cases be required to be fully 
 prepaid with postage stamps of the country of origin, viz : 
 
 2. In the United States: for a parcel not exceeding four hundred and sixty 
 grams or one pound in weight, twelve cents, and for each additional four hun- 
 dred and sixty grams or one pound or fraction thereof, twelve cents, and in 
 Costa Rica : for a parcel not exceeding four hundred and sixty grams or one 
 pound in weight, twenty cents; and for each additional four hundred and sixty 
 grams or one pound, or fraction thereof, twenty cents. 
 
 3. The packages shall be promptly delivered to addressees at the post offices 
 of address in the country of destination, free of charge for postage; but the 
 country of destination may, at its option, levy and collect from the addressee for 
 interior service and delivery a charge not exceeding five cents on each single 
 parcel of whatever weight, and if the weight exceeds four hundred and sixty 
 grams or one pound, a charge equal to one cent for each one hundred and fifteen 
 grams or four ounces, of weight, or fraction thereof 
 
 Article V. 
 
 , 1. The sender will, at the time of mailing the package, receive a receipt of 
 mailing from the post office where the package is mailed, on a form like Form I 
 annexed hereto. 
 
COSTA RICA. 129 
 
 2. The sender of a package may have the same registered by paying the reg- 
 istration fee required for registered articles in the country of origin. 
 
 3. An acknowledgment of the delivery of a registered article shall be returned 
 to the sender when requested; but either country may require of the sender pre- 
 payment of a fee therefor not exceeding five cents. 
 
 4. The addressees of registered articles shall be advised of the arrival of a pack- 
 age addressed to them, by a notice from the post ofSce of destination. 
 
 Article VI. 
 
 1. The sender of each package shall make a Customs Declaration, pasted 
 upon or attached to the package, upon a special Form provided for the purpose 
 (See Form 2 annexed hereto) giving a general description of the parcel, an accu- 
 rate statement of the contents and value, date of mailing, and the sender's signa- 
 ture and place of residence, and place of address. 
 
 2. The packages in question shall be subject in the country of destination to 
 all customs duties and all customs regulations in force in that country for the 
 protection of its Customs Revenues; and the customs duties properly chargeable 
 thereon shall be collected on delivery, in accordance with the customs regula- 
 tions of the country of destination. 
 
 Article VII. 
 
 Each country shall retain to its own use, the whole of the postages, registra- 
 tion and delivery fees, it collects on said packages; consequently, this Conven- 
 tion will give rise to no separate accounts between the two countries. 
 
 Article VIII. 
 
 1. The packages shall be considered as a component part of the mails ex- 
 changed direct between the United States of America and the Republic of Costa 
 Rica, to be despatched by the country of origin to the other at its cost and by 
 such means as it provides, in ordinary mail sacks- to be marked "Parcels Post" 
 and to be securely sealed with wax or otherwise as may be mutually provided 
 by regulations hereunder. 
 
 2. Each country shall return to the despatching ofSce by next mail, all bags 
 or sacks used in the exchange of parcels. 
 
 3. Although articles admitted under this Convention will be transmitted as 
 aforesaid between the exchange offices, they should be so carefully packed as to 
 be safely transmitted in the open mails of either country, both in going to the 
 exchange office in the country of origin and to the office of address in the 
 country of destination. 
 
 c R 9 
 
130 COSTA RICA. 
 
 4. Each despatch of a parcels post mail must be accompanied by a descriptive 
 list in duplicate, of all the packages sent, showing distinctly the list number of 
 each parcel, the name of the sender, the name of the addressee with address of 
 destination; and must be enclosed in one of the sacks of such despatch under 
 the Form of Form 3, annexed hereto. 
 
 Article IX. 
 
 Exchanges of mails under this Convention shall, until otherwise mutually 
 agreed upon, be effected through the Exchange Post Offices at New Orleans 
 and Port Limon, under such regulations relative to the details of the exchanges 
 as may be mutually determined to be essential to the security and expedition of 
 the mails and the protection of the Customs Revenues. 
 
 Article X. 
 
 1. As soon as the mail shall have reached the exchange office of destination, 
 that office shall check the contents of the mail. 
 
 2. In the event of the Parcel Bill not having been received, a substitute should 
 at once be prepared. 
 
 3. Any errors in the entries on the Parcel Bill which may be discovered, shall, 
 after verification by a second officer, be corrected and noted for report to the 
 despatching office on a Form, "Verification Certificate," which shall be sent in 
 a special envelope. 
 
 4. If a parcel advised on the bill be not received, after the non-receipt has 
 been verified by a second officer the entry on the bill should be canceled and the 
 fact reported at once. 
 
 5. Should a parcel be received in a damaged or imperfect condition, full par- 
 ticulars shall be reported on the same form. 
 
 6. If no " Verification Certificate " or note of error be received, a parcel mail 
 shall be considered as duly delivered, having been found on examination cor- 
 rect in all respects. 
 
 Article XI. 
 
 If the packages cannot be delivered as addressed, or if they are refused they 
 should be reciprocally returned without charge, directly to the despatching office 
 of exchange, at the expiration of thirty days from their receipt at the office of 
 destination, and the country of origin may collect from the sender for the return 
 of the parcel, a sum equal to the postage when first mailed. 
 
COSTA RICA. 131 
 
 Article XII. 
 
 The Post Office Department of either of the contracting countries will not be 
 responsible for the loss or damage of any package, and no indemnity can con- 
 sequently be claimed by the sender or addressee in either country. 
 
 Article XIII. 
 
 The Postmaster General of the United States of America, and the Director 
 General of Posts of the Republic of Costa Rica, shall have authority to jointly 
 make such further regulations of order and detail, as may be found necessary to 
 carry out the present Convention from time to time; and may by agreement 
 prescribe conditions for the admission to the mails of any of the articles prohib- 
 ited by Article II. 
 
 Article XIV. 
 
 This Convention shall be ratified by the contracting countries in accordance 
 with their respective laws, and its ratification shall be exchanged at the City of 
 Washington as early as possible. Once ratified, and its ratifications exchanged, 
 it shall take effect, and operations thereunder shall begin within thirty days after 
 the exchange, and shall continue in force until terminated by mutual agreement, 
 but may be annulled at the desire of eitht^' Department, upon six months pre- 
 vious notice given to the other. 
 
 Done in duplicate, and signed at Washington the 4th day of January, one 
 thousand eight hundred and ninety. 
 
 [l. s.l Jno. Wanamaker, 
 
 Postmaster- General of the United States of America. 
 [l. S.J Federico Volio, 
 
 Encargado de Negocios ad interim de la 
 Repiiblica de Costa Rica. 
 
 The foregoing Parcels Post Convention between the United States of Amer- 
 ica and the Republic of Costa Rica, has been negotiated and concluded with my 
 advice and consent, and is hereby approved and ratified. 
 
 In testimony whereof, I have caused the Great Seal of the United States to 
 be hereunto afiixed. 
 
 [Great Seal of U. S.J Benj. Harrison. 
 
 By the President : 
 
 James G. Blaine, 
 
 Secretary of State. 
 
 Washington, D. C, March 27, l8go. 
 
'32 
 
 COSTA RICA. 
 
 The undersigned, John Wananiaker, Postmaster-General of the United States, 
 of America, and Federico Volio, charge d'affaires ad interim of the Republic 
 of Costa Rica at Washington, having met together in the Post office Depart- 
 ment for the purpose of exchanging the ratifications of the Parcels Post Conven- 
 tion concluded between the United States of America, and the Republic of Costa 
 Rica, and signed at Washington on the 4th day of January, 1890, and having 
 carefully compared the ratifications of said Convention, and found them exactly 
 conformable to each other, the exchange took place this day in the usual form. 
 
 In vifitness whereof they have signed the present protocol of exchange, and 
 have affixed thereto the seals of their arms. 
 
 Done at Washington this first day of April one thousand eight hundred and 
 ninety. 
 
 [Seal of Post office Dep. of U. S.] Jno. Wanamaker, 
 
 Postmaster General of the United States of America. 
 
 [Seal of Costa Rican Legation.] Federico Volio, 
 
 Encargado de Negocios ad interim de la Republica de Costa Rica. 
 
COSTA RICA. 
 
 Form No. i. 
 Parcels Post. 
 
 133 
 
 A parcel addressed as under has been posted here this day. 
 
 
 
 
 
 Office 
 stamp. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 This certificate is given to inform the sender of the posting of a parcel, and does not 
 indicate that any liability in respect of such parcel attaches to the Postmaster General. 
 
 Date 
 
 Stamp. 
 
 Form No. 2. 
 Parcels post between the United States and Costa Rica. 
 
 FORM OF CUSTOMS DECLARATION. 
 
 Place to 
 which the 
 parcel is ad- 
 dressed. 
 
 Description 
 of parcel: 
 [State wheth- 
 er box, bas- 
 ket, bag, etc.] 
 
 Contents. 
 
 Value. 
 
 Per 
 cent. 
 
 Total 
 customs 
 charges. 
 
 
 Total. 
 
 $ 
 
 
 % 
 
 % 
 
 
 % 
 
 Date of posting: 18 . . ; signature and address of sender -j 
 
 B^ For use of Post Office only, and to be filled up at the office of exchange. 
 Parcel Bill No ; No. of rates prepaid ; Entry No 
 
'34 
 
 COST^ RICA. 
 
 Form No. 3. 
 
 Date stamp of 
 
 the United 
 
 States Post- 
 
 Oifice. 
 
 Parcels from the United States for Costa Rica. 
 
 * Sheet No. 
 
 Date stamp of 
 
 the Costa 
 
 Rica Post 
 
 Office. 
 
 Parcel Bill No. . . ., dated. . . . 18. . ; per S, S. "... ." 
 
 o 
 Z 
 
 c 
 H 
 
 Origin of parcel. 
 
 Name of addressee. 
 
 Address of parcel. 
 
 Remarks. 
 
 When more than one sheet is required for the entry of the parcels sent by the mail, 
 it will be sufficient if the undermentioned particulars are entered on the last sheet of 
 the Parcel Bill. 
 
 lbs. 
 
 * Total number of parcels sent by the * Total weight of mail 
 
 mail to Costal Rica 
 
 *Number of boxes or other receptacles *Deduct weight of receptacles 
 
 forming the mail 
 
 Signature of dispatching officer at the * Net weight of mail 
 
 United States Post-O'ffice 
 
 Signature of receiving officer at Costa Rica Post-Office. 
 
Appendix C. 
 
 MERCANTILE DIRECTORY. 
 
 AT.A.M IKT.A 
 
 Banks and hankers. 
 
 Banco de Costa Kica. 
 
 Caja de Aliorros. 
 
 Caja de Descuentos. 
 
 Sucursal del Banco Anglo. 
 €offee growers and ex^ortert. 
 
 Alfaro, Pedro. 
 
 Cananza, Is. de. 
 
 Gonzalez, Deodono. 
 
 Montealegre & Co. 
 
 Montenegro, Florentino. 
 
 Sandoval, Manuel. 
 
 Soto, Jesus. 
 
 Soto, Jos6 M. 
 
 So to, Manriltio. 
 
 Tournon & Co. 
 
 Vasco, J086 L. 
 Druggists. 
 
 Cortez &L Padalla. 
 
 Ocampo, Gabriel Jos6. 
 
 Ruiz, PompiUo. 
 
 Silva, Octavio. 
 Groceries and provisions. 
 
 Alvarez, Magdaleno. 
 
 Arana, Procopio. 
 
 Ardon, Apolina. 
 
 Cagigal, Cayetano. 
 
 Calvo & Sobrino. 
 
 Calvo, Alfredo. 
 
 Calvo, Juan. 
 
 Calvo, M. Santiago. 
 
 Frutos, Jos6 J). 
 
 Moya & hennanoa. 
 
 Paz, Manuel de la. 
 
 Rozabal, Bartoloinfi. 
 
 Sandoval, Jos6 Maria. 
 
 Sibaja, S. & Fernandez. 
 
 Sibaja, Martinez Joaq. 
 
 Soto, Manrilio. 
 
 ALAJITELA— Co7)tinned. 
 
 Groceries and provisions — Continued. 
 Vargas, J. M. 
 Villegas, Arturo. 
 
 Importers of dry goods. 
 Alfaro, Pedro. 
 Ardon, Eodolfo. 
 Barquero, Ignacio. 
 Blanco, Martin. 
 Calvo &L Sobrino. 
 Jineata, Soto Franoiaco. 
 Lopez, Miguel. 
 Sandoval, Manuel. 
 Soto & Sibaja. 
 
 Retail general merchants, 
 Acosta, Paulino. 
 Alfaro & Co. 
 Barquero, Ignacio. 
 Blanco, Martin. 
 Bonilla, Eicardo. 
 Calvo, Anselmo. 
 Cagigal, Cayetano. 
 Friitos, Jos6 Dolorea. 
 Gonzillez, Jos6. 
 Gomez, Luis. 
 Giiell, Santiago. 
 Herrera, Vicente. 
 Lopez, Liguel. 
 Odubert, F. 
 Ruiz, Fsplritu Santo. 
 Umafia, J086 C. 
 Vargas, Eugenic. 
 Vargaa, J. M. 
 
 Wholesale import amd export merchants. 
 Araua, Procopio. 
 Montenegro, Florentino. 
 Sandoval, Manuel. 
 Suto, Francisco J. 
 Soto, Jos6 Manuel. 
 
 135 
 
136 
 
 COSTA RICA. 
 
 ASEHBL 
 
 Druggist. 
 
 Badilla, Joaquin. 
 
 ATENAS. 
 
 T>ruggist. 
 
 Esqnival, Gruillenno. 
 Importer. 
 
 Kojaa, Geroiiimo. 
 Itetail general merchants. 
 
 Arias, Pedro B. 
 
 Yenkis, Juan. 
 
 CASTAGO. 
 
 Banks and hankers. 
 
 Banco Anglo Costamcensew 
 
 Giizmdn. Simedn. 
 
 Jimenez, Manuel J. 
 Druggists. 
 
 Escoto, Juan A. 
 
 Ouier, E. A. 
 
 Saenz, EzequieL 
 Importers and expoi-icrs. 
 
 Aguilar, Eamiin. 
 
 Blanco, Manuel V. 
 
 Carranza, J. 
 
 Casasola, ^icolia. 
 
 Garcia, J. 
 
 Garcia, M. 
 
 Garcia, Pedro. 
 
 Guzman, Simenn. 
 
 Jegel, Guillernio. 
 
 Jimenez, M. D. 
 
 Jimenez, F. &. N. 
 
 Jimenez, J. M. 
 
 ilorales, Eafael. 
 
 Pachero, J. 
 
 Peralta, Bernardino. 
 
 Peralta & Co.,Me&tre. 
 
 Pinto, J. r. 
 
 Eodriguez, Juan. 
 
 Rojas, ilercedes J. 
 
 Troyo, Eam6n. 
 
 Troyo <fe Co. 
 Retail general merchants, 
 
 Alvarado, Prudencio. 
 
 Avendano, Juan. 
 
 Casasola, iN'icolas. 
 
 Centeno, Rigoberto. 
 
 Goto, Yalerio, 
 
 Li, Allan. 
 
 Pacheco, Eufrasio* 
 
 Rodi'iguez, Jnan. 
 
 Zuniga, Tobias. 
 
 DESAMFABADOS. 
 
 Drxiggist. 
 
 Urefia. Isidro. 
 Itetail general merchants. 
 
 Cruz, Antonio. 
 
 Elores, Antonio. 
 
 Garcia, Joaquin. 
 
 GRECIA. 
 
 Coffee growers arid exporters. 
 
 Esclante, M. 
 
 Fernandez, P. D. 
 
 Quezada, Ramon. 
 Merchants, exporters. 
 
 Maroto, Esteban. 
 
 Maroto & Co. 
 
 Quezada, Ram6n. 
 
 Vega, D. 
 Merchants, importers. 
 
 Ellin ger & hermanos, Lnis. 
 
 Fernandez, Pio J. 
 
 HEREDIA. 
 
 Cloth manufacturers. 
 
 Troyo, J, Ram6n. 
 
 Velarde, Federico. 
 Coffee growers and exporters. 
 
 Carazo, F. 
 
 Lizano hermanog. 
 
 Lizano, Joaqnin. 
 
 Mora, M. 
 
 Morales, Brdulio. 
 
 Ortiz, Paulino. 
 
 Trejos hermanos. 
 Druggists. 
 
 Flores, M. J, 
 
 Flores, Juan F. 
 
 Zamora, Julidn. 
 
 Importers and exporters and wholesale mtrehant*. 
 Chaverria, Manuel. 
 Chaverri, Mariano. 
 Flores & Morales. 
 Lizano, Joaquin. 
 Morales, BrAulio. 
 Moya, F. J. 
 Ortiz y hijo, Paulino, 
 Pacheco y hermano. 
 Pasapera. Salvador. 
 Rivera, Manuel. 
 Rosahal, Amado. 
 Torres, Juan M. 
 Trejos hermanos. 
 TJlloa & Zamora. 
 Zamora^ Jose Maria. 
 Z^nora. Manuel. 
 
COSTA RICA. 
 
 137 
 
 HEREDIA— Continued. 
 
 lietail general merchantti. 
 Arguedas, Eamun. 
 Fernitndez, Fernando. 
 Ortiz, Paulino. 
 Perez, Fran Cisco. 
 
 LIBEKIA. 
 
 Druggist. 
 
 AcuSa, Juan. 
 
 Alvarado, Rodolfo. 
 
 Rojas, Toribio. 
 Retail general merchants, 
 
 Bolivar, Matiaa. 
 
 Rivera, Rafael. 
 
 Santos, Sal^'ador. 
 
 Vallejoa, Matilde. 
 
 Commission merchants. 
 
 Brown, Agencia. 
 
 Taylor, T. L. 
 
 "Wichman, Luis. 
 Importers and exporteis and xvkolesale merohants. 
 
 Brown, A. K, 
 
 Compafiia de Agenciaa. 
 
 Keitb, Minor C. 
 
 Laprade, Leon S. 
 
 Lindo, Aug. A. 
 
 Taylor, "W. 
 
 Unckles, V. 
 Retail general merchants. 
 
 Aguay, Sara. 
 
 Amado, Eliaa. 
 
 Dohaney, Sofia. 
 
 Miller, A. C. 
 
 Silbano, Elisa. 
 
 NAEANJO. 
 
 Druggists and retail general merchants. 
 Cliinchla, Antonio. 
 Hidalgo, jro86. 
 Sanchez, Jos6 Maria. 
 
 NICOYA. 
 
 Druggists and retail general merchants. 
 Ramos, Guadalupe. 
 Sanchez, Manuel G. 
 
 PTTNTARENAS. 
 
 Banks. 
 
 Banco Kacional. 
 
 Banco Anglo Costarricense. 
 
 PUNTARENAS— Coutiuucd. 
 
 Commission merchants. 
 
 Brenez, Miguel. 
 
 Ksquivel, Arturo. 
 
 Esquivel & Co., F. 
 
 Gil Mayorga, Francisco. 
 
 Romagosa, Juan E. 
 
 Robrmoaer, IlYancisco. 
 
 Ziiiiiga, Dario. 
 Druggists. 
 
 Brenes, Miguel. 
 
 Sarmiento, Iguacio. 
 
 Toledo, Nazario. 
 Grocers. 
 
 Alvarez, Petra. 
 
 Castillo, Martin. 
 
 Cort.68, Jos6, 
 
 Darce, Silvestre. 
 
 McAdam, J. 
 
 Mora, Dolores C. de. 
 
 NuBez, Encarnacidn. 
 
 Sanchez, Karcisa. 
 Importers and exporters and wholesale merchants. 
 
 Brackett, Eugene A. 
 
 Brenes, Miguel. 
 
 Bustos, Antonio. 
 
 Clavera, Francisco. 
 
 Corapania de Agencias. 
 
 Cruz, Francisco. 
 
 Dent, Rafael. 
 
 Duprat, J. 
 
 Esquivel y Vega. 
 
 Hsirley, Peter. 
 
 Herrero &, Co., G. 
 
 Jenkins, Juan. 
 
 Lizano y Hno. 
 
 McAdam, John. 
 
 Man, Choug, Slug & Co. 
 
 Mata, Juan Bta. 
 
 Mencia. Iu68 Sra. 
 
 Pena &. Co., IS. 
 
 Rios, Juan. 
 
 Rohrmoser, F. 
 
 Rohrmoser & Revelo. 
 
 Sunol, Juan. 
 
 Walle, S. De. 
 
 Wing, Cbong, Sing & Co. 
 
 JCitail general merchants. 
 Baldonado, Ramon. 
 Darce, Silvestre. 
 Diaz, Jos6. 
 Ellis, Janny. 
 Figueroa, Anibal. 
 
 Silrersmiths. 
 
 Barructa, Francisco. 
 Marroquln, Manuel. 
 
138 
 
 COSTA RICA. 
 
 PUNTABENAS— C ontinued . 
 
 Special manvfacturers. 
 
 Angulo, Joa6, tortoise-shell goods. 
 
 Anduray, iTanuel, tortoise-shell goods. 
 
 Castro, Mercedes, salt. 
 
 Conde, Jo86 A. 
 
 ¥lores, Jo86, salt. 
 
 Guevara, Juan, salt. 
 
 Marroquin, Manuel, tortoise-shell goods, 
 
 Mora, Petronila, salt. 
 
 Obando, Eoque, salt. 
 
 Ramirez, Jorge, salt. 
 
 Kodriguez, Kafael, salt. 
 
 Solas, Melchor, salt. 
 
 Villalobos, Peliciano, salt. 
 
 SAN JOSE. 
 
 £aiih-s and bankers. 
 
 Banco Anglo-Costarricenae. 
 
 Banco de Costa Eica. 
 
 Banco de la tJiii6n. 
 
 Banco Kational. 
 
 CoUado, A. 
 
 Crnz, Antonio. 
 
 Esquivel, Aniceto. 
 
 Harrison, Percy G. 
 
 Hernandez, Juan. 
 
 \a- Lacheur, Dent &■ Co. 
 
 Mora & Co., Juan C. 
 
 DrtuBo, Gaspar. 
 
 Peralta, Francisco. 
 
 llohrmoser, Ernest. 
 
 liojas, Juan. 
 
 Tinoco & Co. 
 Hiinveries. 
 
 Deugo, Manuel V. 
 
 Richmond, Gregorio. 
 
 Moolsellers and atatioiters. 
 
 Lines, Vicente. 
 
 Molina, Guillenno. 
 
 Montero, Joaquin, 
 
 Morrel y Ca. 
 
 Ureiia, Sixto A. 
 Comimssiiyii 'inercliantd. 
 
 Bennett, Jaime. 
 
 Calvu, Rafael Eonseca. 
 
 Echevcrria, Francisco. 
 
 EcheveiTia, Santiago Q. 
 
 Field, W. J. 
 
 Lu.jan i; Montealegre. 
 
 ilendcz, Jenaro Castro. 
 
 Pisa, Benjamin. 
 
 Price, D. C. 
 
 Rosw, J. Jaime. 
 
 Sliarpe, Cecil. 
 
 Villafranca hermjinos. 
 
 SAN JOSE — Continued. 
 
 Druggists . 
 
 Bansen, Maximiliaiio, 
 
 Botica de San Jos6. 
 
 Carballo, Florentino. 
 
 Calder6n, Manuel. 
 
 Carranza, Bruno. 
 
 Durdn &, Nunez. 
 
 Hermann & Zeledon. 
 
 Iglesias, Pedro. 
 
 Jimenez, Mariano. 
 
 Macis, Nicolds. 
 
 Nunez Jimenez, Francisco. 
 
 Quezada, Francisco. 
 
 Rojas, Elias. 
 
 Rojas y Soto. 
 
 Rucabado, Jenaro. 
 
 Saso, Mauricio. 
 
 Salazar, Miguel. 
 
 Silva, Carlos J. de. 
 
 Valverde, P. J. 
 
 Zeled6n, Jos6 C. 
 Engravers and sculptors. 
 
 Baldomero, Llela. 
 
 Blanco, Cruz. 
 
 M6rida, Rafael. 
 
 Sanchez, Rafael. 
 Exporters of coffee. 
 
 Alfaro, J. 
 
 Alvarado, Santiago. 
 
 Bennett, Jaime G. 
 
 Calsamiglia, B. 
 
 Coronado, Jos6 Andres. 
 
 Cnbero & Echandi. 
 
 Dent, Teresa. 
 
 Duran, Jo86. 
 
 Echeverria, Juana A. de. 
 
 EUinser tfc Hno. 
 
 Esquivel, A. 
 
 Esquivel, Fabian. 
 
 EsquiYel, M. N. 
 
 Gallardo, A. A: F. 
 
 Garcia, Jose M. 
 
 Gonzalez, Alberto. 
 
 Herran & Hno. 
 
 Hernandez, Juan. 
 
 Jimenez. A. E. 
 
 Jim6ntz, Lesmes. 
 
 Keith v-t Tinoco. 
 
 Lujiln. Manuel. 
 
 Mata. Jnan R. 
 
 Millet, F. N. 
 
 Montealegre, M. L. 
 
 P6ralta, F. 
 
 Piza, Julio. 
 
 Santiago, Federici. 
 
 Schroeter & Co., 0. von. 
 
COSTA RICA. 
 
 139 
 
 SAN JOS^— Continued. 
 
 Exporters 0/ coffee — Con tinned. 
 Sliarpe, Cecil. 
 ToTxmon & Cn , Hto. 
 Vargas, M. Jo^d. 
 
 Deugo, Manuel V. 
 Fuiidici6ii (le S:iii J036. 
 Kmss >jc Morales- 
 Orocm-R. 
 
 Almiiella, Agustin. 
 Alvai-ado, Eleodoro. 
 Alvarado, Julio. 
 Andres, "Marci-lino. 
 Arana, Telesfuro. 
 Ard6n. Paulino. 
 Arlavia. Jc-^e. 
 Azcona, BiUiana. 
 €agigal, Francisco. 
 C'alvo, Mann Manuela. 
 CarvajalJimenoz, Teodoro. 
 Cii--as<ila. Rafael. 
 C;t^tro. Uartulu. 
 Escalaulf y Hno. 
 ilores, Francisco. 
 Frlas, Jos6. 
 Fuentes. Gregorio. 
 IJai-banzo, Salvador. 
 Ouill6n, Eafael. 
 Gutierrez, Cono-pcidn C. de. 
 Gutierrez, Taimario. 
 HidaJgo, Jos6. 
 Burtado, Pedru. 
 Incera, Isidro. 
 Xara, Fermina. 
 Lfiva, Apolunio. 
 JLiquidano, Lanreano. 
 Lopez, Felix. 
 liOpez, Eosendo. 
 Martin, Alejo. 
 Marquez, Abraham. 
 Millet, Migael. 
 I Moiye, Gregorio. 
 Mora, Jos6. 
 Mora, Ignacio. 
 Mora, J. M. 
 Miiya, Le6n. 
 Muiioz, Kani6n. 
 Navarro, Ciro. 
 Odio, Ismael. 
 Pag68, Cafias & Co. 
 Palacios, J086. 
 Paniagua, Miguel. 
 P6rez, Sebastian. 
 Peraza, Jos6. 
 Price, David C. 
 Prada y Gonzalez. 
 
 SAN JOS^— Coutiuued. 
 Grocer a — ( \ mtinued. 
 
 Salazar, Filadelfo. 
 Solano, Aguslin. 
 Solas, Agustin. 
 Soborio, Xapoledn. 
 Solano, Jose Maria. 
 Siibaldla, Carlos. 
 Vals, Pedro. 
 Vicente, Eusebio. 
 A''iUa^icencio, Rodolfo. 
 Hatters. 
 
 Antill6n, FramisfO. 
 
 Ksfjuivel, Jos6. 
 
 Esqnivel, Alberto. 
 
 VeigaL6pHZ, M. 
 Hardware and tools. 
 
 Argiiello, M. 
 
 Carazo. Manuel. 
 
 Cubero, Ji-sua. 
 
 Dent y Ca. 
 
 Labmaun, Fedo. 
 
 Morell y Ca. 
 
 Mufios, Joa6. 
 Importere of drxigs. 
 
 Bansen, Dr. Max. 
 
 Duran & Xunez. 
 
 Hermann & Zeledon. 
 
 Soto vt Giustiniani. 
 
 Kojaa, Elias. 
 
 Valvenie, Dr. Panfilo. 
 Importers of dry goods. 
 
 Alfaro, J. 
 
 Calsaiuiglia, B. 
 
 Castro, Tcodosio. 
 
 Coronado &, Hno. 
 
 Cubero &. Ecbandi. 
 
 EUinger 6c Hno.. Luis. 
 
 GoicMLliL-a &Co., F. 
 
 Hernandez, Juan. 
 
 Heri-ero &c Co., G. 
 
 Knobr, Juan. 
 
 Levakowicz it hi.jo. 
 
 Mufiuz & Acustas. 
 
 Schroeter ic Co., O.'von. 
 
 Steinwoilh A. <Jo.. W. 
 
 Troyo ^ Co., J. K. Pv. 
 
 "Weidel .t V..-i;,^t. 
 Importerv of hard '••are. 
 
 Bradwa> , "Wni. 
 
 Labmann. F. H. 
 
 Macaya & Kodriguez. 
 
 Morrell & Co. 
 Importers of provisions. 
 
 Atmuella, Agustin. 
 
140 
 
 COSTA RICA. 
 
 SAN JOS^— Continued. 
 
 Importers of provisions— Continued. 
 Benedictis, G. 
 Bradwaj' & Co. 
 Eacalante & Hurmo, 
 Esquivel & Cafias. 
 EsquiTcl & Garvanzo. 
 Morrell & Co., Arthur. 
 Pag6s Sc Cafias. 
 Perez .t Co., S. 
 Ortuno & Co. 
 Brdriguez & Macaya. 
 Soley, Aiitouio. 
 Terr6fl, Pedro. 
 Ti-ejos Sc Co. 
 
 Import and export and wholesale merchants. 
 Adiego. Miguel. 
 Alandete & Pradilla^ 
 Alfaro &: Co. 
 Bansen, M. 
 Benedictis, G. de. 
 Berry, Jauiea. 
 Eradway, G. 
 Calsamiglia. BiirtolomA, 
 Calvo, Manuel M. 
 Castro, Teodosio. 
 Carranza, Bruno. 
 Collado, Adrian. 
 Cubero 6 hijos. 
 Dent, Le Lacheur & Co. 
 Bent &. Co., Ji.^Y. 
 Denne, H. A. 
 Durtin. Jos^. 
 Duprat &Co., F. 
 Echeverria, Juan F. 
 Ellinger Sc heimano, LnJA. 
 Esquivel, Xarcieo. 
 Esquivel >fc Cafias. 
 Eacio, Jusio A. 
 Ferndndez y Tristan. 
 Field &Co., TT. J. 
 Fonseca, Mariano. 
 Goicochea & Co. 
 Gutierrez, EzequieL 
 Hernandez, Juan. 
 Herrera y Ca., G. 
 Jager, J. 
 Jimenez, A. E. 
 Jim6nez, Eoberto. 
 Joumon & Co., H.J, 
 Kuith, M. C. 
 Ejiohr, Juan. 
 Lahmann, F. 
 Lara, Salvador. 
 Levskowicz, Isidro. 
 Levskowicz &. Son, J. 
 Lizano y hermano. 
 
 SAN JOSt— Coiitiniiea. 
 
 Import an d export a/ndwholesale m erhants — Cont'd.. 
 
 Lujan & Montealegi'B. 
 
 Macaya y Kodriguez. 
 
 Mata, Juan K. 
 
 Mata & Lujan. 
 
 Melgarejo. Antonio G. 
 
 Menendez, C. 
 
 Millet, J. Napole6n. 
 
 Monastel, Cleto. 
 
 Montealegre, Francisco. 
 
 Montealegre, Mariano. 
 
 Morrell & Co. 
 
 Montcalegle & hermano. J. IT. 
 
 Muuoz & Acosta. 
 
 !N"aut6 Mauricio. 
 
 Ortufio, Gaspar. 
 
 Pag6s, Canas Ac Co. 
 
 Peralta, Francisco. 
 
 Piza & Co. 
 
 Eobles, M. A. 
 
 Eohrmoser, Francisco, 
 
 Eohrmoser &. Co., E. 
 
 Eoss, Robert. 
 
 Eudd, Harrison N. 
 
 Sacripanti, Jos6. 
 
 Schroeter & Co., Otto von. 
 
 Steiu-worth ^t Co., W. 
 
 Terras, Pedro. 
 
 Tournon & Co., H. 
 
 Thompson l^ Co.. Gmo. 
 
 Trejos y Aquilar. 
 
 Troyo & Co., J. R. R. 
 
 Uribe & Batalla. 
 
 Vella & Co., Felice. 
 
 Victor y Hoey. 
 
 ViBafranca, Francisco. 
 
 Villafranca hermauos. 
 
 Yillalranca, Rafael B. 
 
 AYenceslao de la Guardia, 
 
 Wingfield, Eichaid. 
 
 "Witting, Gino. 
 Photographers. 
 
 Calder(5n, Prospero. 
 
 Rndd, H. :N". 
 
 Yaliente y MarichaL 
 
 Zamora, Fernando. 
 lietail general merchants. 
 
 Alfaro &, Co., T. 
 
 Atmella, Augustin. 
 
 Audrain, Constant. 
 
 Audrain, Leoncio. 
 
 Bradway, Guillermo. 
 
 Cabello, Francisco. 
 
 Carazo, Senoritis. 
 
 Chavarria, Lucas. 
 
 Carranza, Manuel J. 
 
COSTA RICA. 
 
 141 
 
 SAN JOSE— Continued. 
 
 Retail general merchants — Continued. 
 Caxraaco, Eodrin-o, 
 Carraaco, Tom^s. 
 Cagigal, Francisco, 
 Cardona & hermano, A. 
 Cerlain, C. 
 Cepa, Abelardo. 
 Corouado t liermano. 
 Cubeio 6 hijos, J. J. 
 Day, Carlos. 
 Durin, Jos6. 
 Elizondo, Procopio. 
 Esquivel, Jos§. 
 Esquivel, Arturo. 
 Esqnivel, Narciso. 
 Esquivel, Roberto. 
 Esquivel, Alberto. 
 Escalant© y hermano. 
 Flores, Francisco. 
 Ooicoechea & Co., F. 
 Gonzalez, Pedro. 
 Gutierrez, Ecsario. 
 Herrera & Co., Gorgonio. 
 Hurtado, Pedro. 
 Incera, Isidro. 
 Labmanu, Federico. 
 Landt-rer, Pablo. 
 -Leiva, Apolonio. 
 Levstowicz e bijo, J. 
 Marqnez, Abraham. 
 Munstel, Cleto. 
 ilascael, Manuel. 
 Menay hennano, Miguel. 
 Millet, Miguel. 
 Moya, Le6n. 
 Montealegre y Carazo. 
 Odio, Ismael. 
 Quezada, FraDCisco. 
 •Quiroz, J. Tedorico. 
 -Eawson, Dolores Q. de. 
 
 SAN JOSE— Continued. 
 
 Retail geveral mercftaai*— Cuutiuued. 
 
 Uribe y JBatalla. 
 
 Villavlcencio, Kodolfo. 
 
 Vicente, Estanialao. 
 
 Veiga, Manuel. 
 Silversmitki. 
 
 C<5rdova, Jos6. 
 
 Jardin, Arencio. 
 
 Sojo, Santana. 
 
 Valle, Andrez del. 
 
 WatchmaTcers and jewele>'S. 
 Antillon, Sotero. 
 Garcia, Venancio A. 
 Siebe, Luis. 
 Saenz, Adolfo. 
 Sojo, Santa Ana. 
 Soto y Eamirea. 
 
 SAN RAM6N. 
 
 Drvggists and retail general merchant*. 
 Guerrero, Manuel Maria, 
 Jurado, K. B. 
 Miranda, Valeriano. 
 Lobos, Kudecindo. 
 Rodriguez, Luia. 
 Urrutia, Pedro. 
 
 SANTO DOMINGO. 
 
 Druggists and retail general merchants. 
 Chac(5n, Jos6 B. 
 Flores, Juan. 
 
 TEES RIOS. 
 
 Druggists and retail general merchants. 
 Garcia, Pedro A. 
 Mora, Juan A. 
 Pacheco, Eiifracio, 
 Eojas, Alejandro. 
 Ziiiiiga, Tobias. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 A. 
 
 Page. 
 
 Agricultural resources 32 
 
 Alajuela, list of merchants 135 
 
 Alajuela, province, description of. 20 
 
 American colon}' 84 
 
 Animal statistics 45 
 
 Area of the Republic 4 
 
 Artisans, demand for 47 
 
 Aserri, list of merchants 136 
 
 Atenas, list of merchants 136 
 
 Atlantic coast, ports on 5 
 
 Atlantic Ocean, rivers emptying 
 
 into 7 
 
 B. 
 
 Banana, cultivation of 36 
 
 exportation of 37 
 
 plantation, estimate of expen- 
 ses 3g 
 
 profits of raising 39 
 
 shipping (illustration) 40 
 
 BellaVista Spring, analysis of water. ig 
 
 Bibliographical notes 83 
 
 Bolivar,description of Costa Rica by 2 
 
 Boundary treaties and controversies 4 
 
 Bread fruit tree (illustration) 24 
 
 British official reports on Costa Rica Sg 
 
 Buena Vista colony S3 
 
 Business methods 71 
 
 C. 
 
 Cable communication "S 
 
 Canal. (See Interoceanic Canal.) 
 
 Cantons, division into 11 
 
 Capitals of provinces g 
 
 Page. 
 
 Cartago, list of merchants 136 
 
 province, description of 18 
 
 Cattle-raising 44 
 
 Central America, United Provinces 
 
 of, formed 2 
 
 Central and South American Com- 
 missioners, report of, on tem- 
 perate lands 13 
 
 report on trade relation by ... . 4g 
 reciprocity propositions to, by 
 the minister of foreign rela- 
 tions 57 
 
 Central Park, San Jose (illustra- 
 tion) 56 
 
 Cities, descriptions of 16 
 
 Climate, description of 12 
 
 Cold lands, products of 13 
 
 Cocoa, cultivation of 41 
 
 Coco Island, German colony 84 
 
 Coffee berry (illustration) 32 
 
 cost of raising 34 
 
 drying (illustration) 36 
 
 introduction of 32 
 
 method of cultivation 33 
 
 patio (illustration) 34 
 
 preparation for market 35 
 
 prices of 35 
 
 statistics of crops 34 
 
 yield of 34 
 
 Coins, in use 71 
 
 Colombia, disputed boundary with. 4 
 
 Colonies, description of 82 
 
 Colonists, allowances to 82 
 
 Columbus, discovery of Costa Rica 
 
 by I 
 
 143 
 
H4 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Page. 
 
 Comarcas and their capitals 9 
 
 Commerce, classification of imports 
 
 of, 1890 53 
 
 exportsfor 1890, by articles. .. . 55 
 
 exports for 1890, by countries. 52 
 
 imports from the United States. 49 
 requirements for invoices and 
 
 manifests 55 
 
 steamship lines 5I1 79 
 
 tariff duties 93 
 
 Commercial Directory 135 
 
 Congress, powers and constitution 
 
 of 66 
 
 Constitutional provisions 65 
 
 Consular reports on Costa Rica ... 88 
 
 Corn, cultivation of 43 
 
 Costa Rican Loan, Trust and Coloni- 
 zation Bank, concessions to 85 
 
 Cotton, cultivation of 43 
 
 Country bouse (illustration) 46 
 
 Courts, constitution of 68 
 
 number of 11 
 
 system of 67 
 
 Cuban colony 83 
 
 D. 
 
 Debt, national, amount of 70 
 
 Desamparados, list of merchants . . 136 
 
 Diplomatic representatives 74 
 
 Discover)' of Costa Rica by Colum- 
 bus I 
 
 Dri'ing coffee (illustration) 36 
 
 Duties on imports 93 
 
 E. 
 
 Election proceedings 65 
 
 Entrance to Los Quemados mine 
 
 (illustration) 25 
 
 Executive mansion (illustration) . . 10 
 
 powers 66 
 
 Exports by countries, 1890 52 
 
 to the United States for 1889, 
 
 classified 50 
 
 for five years 50 
 
 F. 
 
 Foreign commerce 49 
 
 Foreigners, number of 10 
 
 Page. 
 
 Foreigners, settlement of lands by. . 81 
 
 Forests, description of 28 
 
 Freight transportation 51 
 
 Fruit culture 44 
 
 G. 
 
 Garden scene (illustration) 42 
 
 Geographical features 4 
 
 German colony 84 
 
 Gold mines 23 
 
 Government house(illustration) ... 60 
 
 Governors under Spanish rule .... 86 
 
 Grand Hotel, San Jos6 (illustration). 52 
 
 Grecia, list of merchants 136 
 
 Guanacaste province, description of 21 
 
 Guardia, Vicente, concessions to. . 85 
 
 Guatemala, Costa Rica a province of 2 
 
 Gussler, August, concessions to. . . 84 
 
 H. 
 
 Heredia, list of merchants 136 
 
 Heredia province, description of. . 20 
 
 Historical notes 86 
 
 Hot lands, productions of 12 
 
 I. 
 
 Illustrations : 
 
 Map of Costa Rica Frontispiece. 
 
 Crater of Volcano Irazu 4 
 
 Crest of Volcano Irazu 6 
 
 Executive mansion, San Jos6. 10 
 
 Orchid, " Queen of the Night " 14 
 
 Native musicians 18 
 
 Port Limon 20 
 
 Mining camp 23 
 
 Entrance to Los Quemados 
 
 mine 25 
 
 Bread fruit tree 28 
 
 Coffee berry 32 
 
 Coffee patio 34 
 
 Drying coffee 36 
 
 Shipping bananas 40 
 
 Garden scene 42 
 
 Country house near the Vol- 
 cano Irazu 46 
 
 Grand Hotel 52 
 
 Central Park, San Jos6 56 
 
INDEX. 
 
 H5 
 
 Page. 
 Illustrations — Continued. 
 
 Government house 60 
 
 Pier at Puntarenas 68 
 
 Students of Young Ladies' Sem- 
 inary 72 
 
 Ox-shoeing 76 
 
 A " ready-made " house 80 
 
 La Merced church 86 
 
 Wholesale store 93 
 
 Immigrations, advantages for 80 
 
 Import duties 93 
 
 Instruction, system of 72 
 
 Interoceanic Canal, Ayon-Chev- 
 
 alier, contract for 61 
 
 Cirdenas-Menocal contract.. . . 62 
 
 explorations for 59 
 
 Belly concessions 61 
 
 preliminary concessions for.. 3 
 
 survey for, by Andreas Oersted 3 
 
 tables of distances saved by. . 63 
 
 Zavala-Frelinghuysen treat}'. . . 61 
 
 Zeledon-Menocal contract 62 
 
 Invoices, requirements of 55 
 
 Irazu crater (illustration) 4 
 
 crest of (illustration) 6 
 
 highest volcano 6 
 
 J. 
 
 Jimenez, Odil6n, concessions to. . . 
 Judicial tribunals 
 
 L. 
 
 La Merced church (illustration) . . . 
 Lands. (See Public Lands.) 
 
 Liberia, list of merchants 
 
 Limon, city, list of merchants 
 
 Limon comarca, description of ... . 
 
 Liquor monopoly 
 
 List of merchants 
 
 Lumberbusiness, estimate of profits 
 
 in 
 
 M. 
 
 M^chado y Pinto, Jose, concessions 
 
 to 
 
 Mails, exchange of parcels virith 
 
 United States 
 
 number of post-offices 
 
 C R 10 
 
 85 
 67 
 
 86 
 
 137 
 
 137 
 
 22 
 
 48 
 
 135 
 
 31 
 
 85 
 
 127 
 78 
 
 Page. 
 
 Manifests, requirements of 55 
 
 Manufacturing industries 46 
 
 Map of Costa Rica Frontispiece. 
 
 Matina River colony 83 
 
 Medicinal plants 28 
 
 Merchants, list of 135 
 
 Meteorology . 
 
 Mineral resources 
 
 Mines, table of 
 
 Mining camp (illustration). 
 
 laws 
 
 Money in circulation 
 
 Mountain ranges 
 
 Municipal governments. . . . 
 
 15 
 23 
 25 
 25 
 26 
 70 
 6 
 67 
 
 N. 
 
 Name of Costa Rica first officially 
 
 given I 
 
 Naranjo, list of merchants 137 
 
 National debt, amount of 
 
 Native musicians (illustration) . '. . . 
 
 Navigable rivers 
 
 New Orleans, steamship communi- 
 cation with 
 
 New York, steamship communica- 
 tion with 
 
 Nicaragua, disputed boundry with. 
 
 Nicaragua canal, (^i'^ Interoceanic 
 Canal.) 
 
 Nicaragua Canal Company, conces- 
 sions to 
 
 Nicaragua Lake, rivers emptying 
 
 into 8 
 
 Nicoya, list of merchants 137 
 
 62 
 
 Nicoya Cuban colon}' 
 
 O. 
 
 Occupations of inhabitants 
 
 Official publications of Costa Rica. 
 Ox-shoeing (illustration) 
 
 Pacific coast, ports on 
 
 Pacific Ocean, rivers emptying into . 
 
 Parcels Post Convention 
 
 Pearl fishing 
 
 Physical and geographical features. 
 Pico Blanco, highest mountain. . . . 
 
 83 
 
 76 
 
 5 
 
 7 
 
 127 
 
 46 
 
 4 
 6 
 
146 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Pier at Puntarenas (illustration). . . 
 
 Political divisions 
 
 Population 
 
 Port Limon (illustration) 
 
 list of merchants 
 
 Ports of the Republic - 
 
 Postage rates 
 
 Postal service 
 
 exchange of parcels with the 
 
 United States 
 
 Potato, cultivation of 
 
 Productions, agricultural 
 
 Provinces and their capitals 
 
 subdivisions of 
 
 Public lands, mode of acquiring . . 
 
 preemption laws » . . . . 
 
 prices for 
 
 Publications, official 
 
 Puntarenas City, list of merchants. . . 
 Puntarenas Comarca, description of 
 Puntarenas'pier (illustration) 
 
 R. 
 
 Railroad concessions 
 
 Rates of postage 
 
 Ready-made house (illustration). . . 
 
 Reciprocity propositions to Central 
 
 American Commissioners. . . 
 
 Religion 
 
 Republic, formation of 
 
 Revenues, sources of 
 
 Reynolds's American colony 
 
 Reynolds, W. H., concessions to.. 
 
 Rivers 
 
 Rodriguez colony 
 
 Page. 
 68 
 
 9 
 10 
 20 
 
 137 
 
 5 
 
 78 
 
 77 
 
 127 
 
 44 
 12 
 
 9 
 II 
 
 81 
 81 
 81 
 88 
 137 
 
 21 
 
 68 
 
 76 
 78 
 80 
 
 57 
 II, 72 
 
 2 
 69 
 84 
 84 
 
 6 
 85 
 
 San Bernardo de Talamanca colony. 82 
 San Francisco, steamship communi- 
 cation with 79 
 
 San Jose City, description of 16 
 
 list of merchants 138 
 
 San Jose province, description of . 16 
 
 San Ramon, list of merchants 141 
 
 Santo Domingo, list of merchants. . 141 
 
 School statistics 72 
 
 Schroeder, John, report on forests 
 
 by 
 
 Seasons, extent of 
 
 Shipping bananas (illustration). . . . 
 requirements of invoices and 
 
 manifests 
 
 Spain, independence from, secured. 
 Steamship communication 
 
 lines 
 
 Students of Young Ladies' Seminary 
 
 (illustration) 
 
 Sugar, cultivation of 
 
 T. 
 
 Tariff 
 
 Taxation, system of 
 
 Telegraph facilities 
 
 Telephonic service 
 
 Temperate lands, products of 
 
 Textile plants, growth of 
 
 Tobacco, cultivation of 
 
 industry, regulation of 
 
 Trade, freedom from restrictions. . 
 
 Transportation, system of 
 
 Travelers' Guide 
 
 Treaties with foreign nations 
 
 Tres Rios, list of merchants 
 
 P»g«. 
 
 29 
 
 14 
 40 
 
 55 
 2 
 
 79 
 51 
 
 72 
 41 
 
 93 
 69 
 
 78 
 78 
 
 12 
 
 43 
 42 
 42 
 71 
 76 
 79 
 73 
 141 
 
 United Provinces of Central Amer- 
 ica, formation of 
 
 United States, exports to Costa Rica 
 
 from, for six years 
 
 steamship communications 
 with 
 
 V. 
 
 Vegetables, growth of 
 
 Villafranca, Richard, estimate for 
 
 a banana plantation by 
 
 Volcanoes 
 
 W. 
 
 Wheat, cultivation of 
 
 Young Ladies' Seminary (illustra- 
 tion) 
 
 49 
 77 
 
 43 
 
 39 
 6 
 
 43 
 
 72 
 
®(H» Herbi^rt H. Smith Collection 
 
 OF BOOKS ON SOUTH AMERICA 
 
 PURCHASED FROM THE 
 
 Sage lEndototnent ^and 
 1896 
 

 BUREAU OF THE AMERICAN REPUBLICS, 
 
 WASHINGTON, D. S. A. 
 
 THE REPUBLIC OF COSTA PJCA 
 
 SECOMD EDITION. 
 
 FOLLOWED BY AN ARTICLE ENTITLED 
 
 COSTA RICA AT THE WORLD'S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION 
 
 SPECIAL BULLETIN, APRIL, 1894. 
 
 WASHINGTON, D. C. 
 
®:iic Mitvhitvt H. Smitfx Collection 
 
 OF BOOKS ON SOUTH AMERICA 
 
 PURCHASED FROM THE 
 
 Sage SEndotoment Wnnt 
 1896 
 
BUREAU OF THE AMERICAN REPUBLICS, 
 
 WASHINGTON-, U. S. A. 
 
 THE REPUBLIC OF COSTA EICA 
 
 SOME FACTS AND FIGUKES, 
 
 COMPILED AND ARRANGED BY 
 
 J. B. CALVO, 
 
 189S. 
 
 «Eco>s-D edixiok:. 
 
 FOEI.OWED BY AN ARTICLE ENTITLED 
 
 COSTA RICA AT THE WORLD'S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION 
 AT CHICAGO. 
 
 SPECIAL BULLETIN, APRIL, 1894. WASHINGTON, D. C. 
 
TABLE OF CONTENTS. 
 
 Introductorj- 5 
 
 Situation 13 
 
 Extent of territory 13 
 
 Mountains 14 
 
 Rivers 14 
 
 Climate 14 
 
 Seasons 15 
 
 Territorial division 15 
 
 Population 15 
 
 Productions 16 
 
 Manufactories 20 
 
 Commerce 21 
 
 Moneys, weights and measures 24 
 
 Ways of communication 25 
 
 Real estate 27 
 
 Government lands 28 
 
 Political institutions 29 
 
 Public administration 31 
 
 Public instruction 32 
 
 Principal cities 33 
 
 How Costa Rica m;iy be reached 34 
 
INTRODUCTORY. 
 
 It has always been asserted that the best means to overcome the 
 obstacles in the way of the development of the great source of wealth 
 offered by Central American countries, would be the encouragement 
 of foreign immigration, inasmuch as skilled labor in various indus- 
 tries would furnish to the world, in the form most suitable to each 
 country, every valuable product from her soil, many of which to-day 
 are scarcely used; but it would be unjust to deny the constant efforts 
 made upon a larger or smaller scale by the Central American Repub- 
 lics to break through the barriers that prevent their progress and 
 aggrandizement. 
 
 It would, indeed, be unfair to accuse any of those smaller nation- 
 alities of neglect :.nd want of energy, for some have reached a state 
 of advanced civilization, which, to this day, has not been found in 
 the same degree in other countries of the continent, where nature 
 has lavished her richest gifts, and where the population is so much 
 greater. 
 
 Liberal institutions based upon the principles of civil law, public 
 instruction established conformably to the progress of science, flour- 
 ishing agricultural enterprises, new industries, railroads, telegraphs, 
 telephones, etc., are the means extensively promoted and used by the 
 laborious people of Central America, in their eagerness to attract to 
 their shores the civilized influences of the North and the intelligent 
 activity of the artisans from beyond the sea. 
 
 If we stop to study what distinguished scientists have said in re- 
 gard to those countries, we will find that Professor Griesebach* 
 demonstrated the fact that the flora of Central America offers an 
 extraordinary variety; that Dr. A. von Frantzius,t referring to that 
 well-known naturalist, says, in speaking of the fauna of Costa Rica, 
 that it would be difficult to find another country which, in such a 
 small area, contains as great a number of distinct species; and Dr. H. 
 
 * Documentos para la Historia de Costa Rica por r,e6n Fernandez. \ol. i, San Jos^, Costa Rica, 
 lS8l. 
 t Ibid. 
 
6 BUREAU OF THE AMERICAN REPUBLICS. 
 
 Palakowsk}-,* entertaining the same opinion, stated, in his studies of 
 the flora of Central America, that nowhere on this continent, nor per- 
 haps in any part of the world, could be found on the same soil such 
 a variety of plants, and more especially in Costa Rica, which com- 
 bines the extreme climates of the two great Americas. The mineral 
 kingdom is not less favored. It is an evident fact that in Costa Rica 
 and Honduras, above all, an abundance of the precious metals has 
 been found, but intelligent management in working their rich mines, 
 as well as the necessary capital to promote a greater development of 
 the agricultural enterprises, are the requirements most needed in 
 those Republics. 
 
 Costa Rica is situated in the southern part of Central America, and 
 has the form of a long parallelogram, inclining from the northwest 
 to the southeast, bathed by the two great oceans. 
 
 A chain of mountains runs through it lengthwise, rising in some 
 places to more than ii,ooo feet above the level of the sea, and 
 descending gradually by great undulations toward either coast, as 
 well as toward Nicaragua and Panama. 
 
 Consequently the configuration of the land alone offers a diversity 
 of climates, ranging from the tropical heat of the seashore to the 
 temperature of the summit of the mountains where water freezes. 
 
 The country was discovered by Columbus himself in 1502; but its 
 history from that date up to its emancipation in 1821, does not offer 
 any special features, if we except its almost complete abandonment 
 while remaining under Spanish domination. 
 
 There was not in Costa Rica during that time a university, and 
 scarcely anv primary schools; there was no printing press; there was 
 not a road, a bridge, or even a temple worthy of the religion instilled 
 into the aborigines; and the period of independence arrived without 
 there remaining of those dark days on Costa Rican territory one 
 monument, as a reminder of the foimer lords. 
 
 Even in those da^-s the number of the Indians was already consid- 
 erably reduced, and the Spanish populaiion was also very small; but 
 neither had those bands of adventurers who had invaded other coun- 
 tries taken root in Costa Rica. 
 
 Nevertheless, the soil of Costa Rica was always considered one of 
 
 * Dr. H. Palako .v^k\ , " La Flora de Costa Rica," San Jos^, Costa Rica, 1891. 
 
IXTRODUCTORY, y 
 
 the richest on earth because of the diversity of its climate, the in- 
 uuiuerable rivers and streams which render it fertile, the abmidance 
 of precious minerals, and the varied vegetation with which it is 
 densely co\-ered throughout its extent. 
 
 Columbus always entertained a very favorable idea of the wealth 
 of the territory, and from the name given to the Atlantic coast, known 
 from those times as the Costa Hica (rich coast), is derived the signifi- 
 cant name by which the country is designated. 
 
 "And what other name could the imagination of the discoverers 
 have found to baptize the country had those seekers after gold appre- 
 ciated as a wealth greater even than that which the earth hid in its 
 bowels, the riches which, charming and smiling, form a marvelous 
 decoration of the picturesque surface of Costa Rica. " * 
 
 "The forest, the rivers, the mines, the valleys with which it 
 abounds, all teeming and overflowing with the treasures of natu.e, 
 constitute in themselves a new world, which, in the partial obscurity 
 which encompasses it, seems to have been reserved by a Providence 
 of infinite views for future generations, and for an exhibition of hap- 
 piness and glory which shall transcend the fortunes and achievements 
 of this day, justly prized and applauded as they are."t 
 
 The soil is so productive that "the sugar cane comes to maturity 
 much quicker than in Demerara or Cuba." "The ground, without 
 manure, will afford two crops of corn in a year. Coffee grows in great 
 perfection, and gives a very heavy crop. The soil is volcanic, or I 
 should, perhaps, more properly say, has been the produce of volcanoes, 
 and is indescribably fertile. And all this has been given without that 
 intensity of heat which in these southern regions generally accom- 
 panies tropical fertility," etc. J 
 
 "It would be almost impossible to find another country in the 
 world where, in such a relatively small territory, exists such a quan- 
 tity of first-class lands, combined with a wealth of woods and 
 minerals. ' ' § 
 
 As regards the climate, Anthon}- Trollope says: "Indeed, no cli- 
 
 • X. Bolet Peraza, " Las Tres Americas," vol. i, No. 2, February, 1893. 
 
 t Thomas Francis Meagher, "Harper's New Monthly Magazine," No. C.W'II, February, i860. 
 X -Anthony Trollope, " West Indies and the Spanish Main," London, 1S60. 
 
 § G. W. Camphius, Report of the River Plate Trust Loan and .-\gency Company, to the President 
 of Costa Rica, London. June 25, 1S91. 
 
8 BUREAU OF THE AMERICAN REPUBLICS. 
 
 mate, can, 1 imagine, be more favorable to fertility and to man's com- 
 fort at the same time than that of the interior of Costa Rica." * 
 
 Elisee Reclus says that it is one of the most salubrious in Central 
 America, both for the natives and the foreign colonists. f 
 
 The greater part of the population of Costa Rica is concentrated on 
 the central plateau, between the ports of Limon and Puntarenas, on 
 the tenth degree norch latitude. 
 
 Tlie plateau rises from three thousand to seven thousand five hun- 
 dred feet above the level of the sea. 
 
 "It can be seen that at this height the tropical heat looses its incon- 
 veniences and dangers. Reammur's thermometer stands during the 
 whole year between i6° and 20° (68° and 77" Fahr.). This is the 
 finest climate of the known world, and the most favorable to the 
 development of the physical and moral forces, as well as to the pro- 
 ductiveness of the soil.+ 
 
 Referring to the valley of Cartago, which is situated in this part of 
 the country, Wilhelm Marr says : "It is impossible to imagine a 
 more beautiful place than this. This lovely climate does not permit 
 of the development of inflamed thoughts or turbulent passions. This 
 air, this nature, are as a balsam to the life satiated with activity and 
 with pleasure. "§ 
 
 In regard to the population, Elisee Reclus says that it presents a 
 certain distinct originalitj- from that of the ordinary Hispano -Ameri- 
 can communities ; that the melting of its elements into one national 
 unitv has been accomplished there with better success than elsewhere, 
 and its progress has been less interrupted by foreign wars and internal 
 strife, and that in some respects Costa Rica is the model republic of 
 CentralAmerica.il And M. Felix Belly says that "the population 
 of Costa Rica is, perhaps, in its aggregate that which represents the 
 highest plane of Christian civilization. Xo other human group, not 
 even in France or Switzerland, can be compared to it in all that 
 touches the love of work and of the family, as well as in amiable 
 manners, coupled with quiet and calm dignity ; no other has achieved 
 
 * Above cited. 
 
 -t Geographie Uni\erselle. vol. xvii, Paris, iSgi. 
 i M. Felix Belly "Percement de risthmus de Panama," Pans. 1S5S. 
 § Wilhelm Marr, "Reise Nach Central Amerika." Hamburg, 1S63, Costa.Rica im iS5^ 
 Geographie Lniverselle, above cited. 
 
INTRODUCTORY. g 
 
 such rapid advancement in the creation of public wealth and in the 
 intelligent utilization of its natural resources." 
 
 " The Costa Rican soil," he adds, " is liberal ; it returns an hundred- 
 fold everything that is confided to it, from the grain of wheat to the 
 grain of cocoa. But above all, it owes to the character of its inhab- 
 itants a unique aspect, which causes one to imagine a terrestrial para- 
 dise. The whole Republic breathes a certain air of well-being, of 
 honest}- and goodness. Prosperity' is there a universal fact ; pauper- 
 ism is unknown : and abnormal beings are drawn by themselves to- 
 ward the general current of morality and activity. The most scrupu- 
 lous fidelity to his obligations is a virtue of the lowest native."* 
 
 " Rarely has nature granted her privileges to people who better 
 knew how to be grateful for and utilize them, as they are appreciated 
 and taken advantage of by the dwellers in Costa Rica."t 
 
 These facts are all sustained by many other writers who also have 
 visited the country. 
 
 Carl Scherzer speaks with praise of the respect of Costa Ricans 
 for property and persons. J 
 
 The Central and South American Commissioners from the United 
 States said .- 
 
 "The name of Costa Rica stands high as a republic, alive to the 
 demands of a progressive, freedom-loving people; her institutions 
 and her wealth, her industries and improvements, bespeak a nation 
 whose face is to the future, and whose enterprise will carry her to the 
 high position her natural endowments and resources and advanced 
 ideas demand." vj 
 
 " Costa Rica, while the least populous, is the most advanced of the 
 five Central American Republics. Its capital is lighted by electric- 
 ity, and It has cheap telegraphs. It has the best educational and 
 postal systems, and is displaying the greatest enterprise in the com- 
 pletion of public works and in the development of its resources. It 
 has i8i;'2 miles of railway in operation, and will be the first State to 
 connect the oceans. A railwa}' from the Jimenez to the Frio, on the 
 border of Nicaragua, has been contracted for, and this will be brought 
 
 • Belly, ibid, above cited. 
 
 t Bolet Peraza, ibid, above cited. 
 
 i Dr. Carl Scherzer, on Central America, London, 1857. 
 
 § Ex. Doc, Xo. 50, H. Rep., 49th Cong., ist sess., p. 129. 
 
10 BUREAU OF THE AMERICAN REPUBUCS. 
 
 into connection with the main lateral line. The completion of the 
 Nicaragua canal will open a large section of the northern belt by ren- 
 dering the San Carlos navigable through the slack water of the Ochoa 
 dam. There is a foreign debt amounting to Si 1,000,000, but it is 
 diminishing rather than increasing. There is no other Central Amer- 
 ican country that offers equally advantageous terms for European 
 immigrants, but they do not come. Its railway projects have been 
 dragging from lack of labor, and the extension of its unrivalled re- 
 sources as a coffee-growing State is retarded from the same cause. It 
 has, howe\'er, an industrious and orderlj' population, is improving its 
 position year by year, and is to be considered the most promising 
 community in this quarter of Spanish-America. "* 
 
 H. Palakowsky.t William E. Curtis,J Frank Vincent, § Paul Biol- 
 ley.l John Schroeder,"! and others commend the honesty, laborious- 
 ness and good conditions of the people. 
 
 It is besides a remarkable fact, well authenticated and sustained 
 in ever}- way, that Costa Rica has not to-day, nor ever had at any time, 
 claims presented to her for damages or injuries caused by arbi- 
 trary acts or measures on the part of her judicial or military author- 
 ities against the citizens of other nations; far from it, she opens her 
 gates to them and freely gives them full liberty to enjoy and secure 
 for themselves the inexhaustible treasures of her soil. 
 
 Numerous have been the efforts of the Republic to promote a 
 greater development of the resources of the country, and, among 
 other means to that effect, it has endeavored to attract a direct immi- 
 gration b}' a system of colonization. The Government is conscious 
 of the immense advantage which the country would derive from the 
 increase of its population through immigration, and, without resort- 
 ing to any artificial means, has shown itself exceedingly liberal 
 in its concessions in favor of immigrants ; but it is almost impos- 
 sible to combat the difficulties there are in securing such improvement 
 for a small country placed in the neighborhood of the United States 
 of America, which offers attractions of ever}- kind for immigrants 
 from ever}- part of the world. 
 
 " I. N. F., " The New York Tribune," June 21, 1891. 
 
 + Above mentioned. 
 
 t " The Smallest of American Republics," Harper's New Monthly Magazine, No. 449, Oct., 1RS6. 
 
 § " in and Out of Central America," New York, iSgo. 
 
 II " Costa Rica and Her P'uture," Washington, iD. C , i88g. 
 
 1[" Costa Rica Immigration Pamphlet," San Jos^, Costa Rica, 1894. 
 
IXTRODUCTOKV. II 
 
 Costa Rica has always been distinguished by her strenuous efforts 
 in the pursuits toward modern progress, and by the unity of race and 
 love of peace and labor, which are characteristic traits of her patriotic 
 children. 
 
 It would seem that the deficiency in the quantity of labor has been 
 made up by the exceptional energy of her inhabitants, thus explaining 
 ivhy, with a population amounting to 262,661 souls, Costa Rica was able 
 last year to place on the foreign market $10,000,000 of her own prod- 
 ucts, and imported during the same period $8,000,000 worth of mer- 
 chandise, showing a commercial exchange of §18,000,000, gold. 
 
 There are few countries which present such an example, and Costa 
 Rica can proudly claim to be ranked, relatively, among the most pro- 
 ductive nations. 
 
 Moreover the Republic has satisfactorily regulated and promptly 
 paid its foreign debt, contracted for internal improvements ; its rail- 
 road enterprises are being pushed forward to their completion, various 
 important steamship lines arrive regularly at its ports, and it contem- 
 plates, in the near future, the construction of a canal, either across 
 the Isthmus of Panama, or across its own territory and that of Nic- 
 aragua . 
 
 From the preceding it is obvious that Costa Rica well deserves the 
 serious attention both of capitalists and men of business of every 
 class, who will find there, combined with all the delights of a peren- 
 nial spring, which promotes and preserves healtli, safe and profitable 
 
 investments guaranteeing large returns. 
 
 J. B. Cai.vo. 
 Washington, D, C, April, i8g4. 
 
'i>pifn^t IGlMi K-'m M Brai/Jfy !r03,43 .31 S fUi M f^tuJajfdphui.r.S A. 
 
THE REPUBLIC OF COSTA RICA. 
 
 SOME FACTS AND FIGURES 
 
 COMPILED AND ARRANGED BY J. B. CALVO. 
 
 SECOND EDITION — 1 893. 
 
 Central America comprises five Republics, Guatemala, Salvador, 
 Honduras, Nicaragua, and Costa Rica, which, together with the 
 State of Chiapas and Soconusco, to-day a part of the Mexican Repub- 
 lic, formed the ancient kingdom of Guatemala under the Spanish 
 Colonial Government, which territorj', after the Proclamation of Inde- 
 pendence, the 15th of September, 1821, constituted the Federal 
 Republic of Central America, dissolved in the year 1840. 
 
 SITUATION. 
 
 The Republic of Costa Rica is situated in the southeastern extrem- 
 ity of Central America, between 8° and 11" 16' north latitude and 81° 
 35' and 85" 40' west longitude from Greenwich — that is to say, 
 between the tropics and the two grand divisions of North and South 
 America, the Atlantic and Pacific oceans, and Nicaragua and Panama, 
 where, possibly, two canals may separate the continent. 
 
 EXTENT OF TERRITORY. 
 
 The territory of Costa Rica embraces an area calculated at 59,570 
 square kilometers,* equivalent to 23,000 square miles, a little le.ssthan 
 the area of We.st Virginia, and about double that of Switzerland. 
 
 Anuario Estadistico, f'e Costa Hica, 
 
I.;. BCKEAU OF THE AMERICAN REPUBLICS. 
 
 MOUNTAINS. 
 
 A chain of high mountains crosses the territory from northwest to 
 southeast, and thence branch out the mountains which cross the 
 country in every direction, forming high plateaux, immense valleys, 
 and extensive coasts, dividing the laud naturally into three regions 
 and presenting such a diversity of zones that nearly all known growths 
 are possible in Costa Rica. 
 
 The principal elevations rise nearly to 12,000 feet. From the peak 
 of Irazu one can see, besides the most magnificent panorama of the 
 country, the two oceans — the Atlantic and the Pacific. The ascent 
 from Cartago City to this mountain is a journey that anyone may 
 easily make on horseback in six hours. The thermometer at that 
 altitude sometimes falls to 30" Fahr.. and even lower. 
 
 RIVERS. 
 
 The entire territory is crossed by rivers and rivulets, which fer- 
 tilize every part and suppU- an abundant water power. 
 
 Navigable Rivers. — The Rio Frio, which empties into Lake Nicar- 
 agua just where the San Juan River begins : the San Carlos and Sarapi- 
 qui, the future channels of commerce of Alajuelaand Heredia, are tribu- 
 taries of the San Juan River ; the Sixola and Chaiiguinola empty into 
 the Atlantic Ocean : the Cricamola, into the Chiriqm Lagoon ; the 
 Tempizque into the Gulf of Nicoya, and the Rio Grande de Terraba 
 into the Pacific Ocean. 
 
 CLIMATE. 
 
 The Republic is divided into three different zones or regions, desig- 
 nated bj- the names of iierras calienfis (hot lands), tierras tetnpladas 
 (temperate lands), and tienas frias (cold lands). 
 
 The hot lands are those which form the low region, and extend 
 from the seashore to a line in the interior of the country on the skirts 
 of the mountains, 3,000 feet above the level of the sea. There the 
 mean annual temperature varies from 72" to 82" Fahr., and it must 
 be noted that the heat on the Pacific side is greater than that on the 
 Atlantic. 
 
 The temperate lands, which form the second region, extend from 
 the above mentioned 3,000 feet above the sea to a line toward the 
 top of the mountains, at an altitude of 7,500 feet. 
 
THE REPUBLIC OF COSTA RICA. 15 
 
 The third section, or cold lands, extends from the altitude above 
 mentioned, '7,500 above the level of the sea, to the summit of the 
 mountains. The difference between the temperature of day and 
 night is felt here most keenly. The ground appears sometimes cov- 
 ered with \v ite frost in the morning, but snow is extremely rare. 
 
 The temperate lands are described as follows by the United States 
 commissioners to Central and South America, 18.S5 : 
 
 The valley aud lower slopes of the moiiutains of Costa Rica, coustituting its 
 ticrra teniplada, are the populous portions of the State. They possess a climate 
 of wonderiul salubrity, are well watered and very fertile. There is giown the 
 great staple of export of the country — coffee. The country surrounding San 
 Jose, the present capital, aud Cartago, the old Spanish scat of Government, is 
 very largely devoted to this branch of farming. * * * 
 
 The valleys are not plains, but uneven, broken through with numerous ^vvift- 
 fluvvitig streams, and the inclosing mountains are not abrupt, aud their declivi- 
 ties aie generally tilled to their summit. 
 
 It would be difficult to imagine a more lovely landscape, a more beautiful 
 blending of streams, fields, villages, white aud glowing among the green foliage 
 of coffee plantations, aud mountain slopes dotted with the vivid green of sugar 
 cane, aud the gray and brown pastures of fields of corn, than cau be seen in the 
 valley of San Jose.* 
 
 The mean annual temperature in these lands varies from 57" to 
 6cS° F, hrenheit. The foreigner after residing sometime in the tem- 
 perate lands can safely inhabit sny part of the low region. 
 
 SEASONS. 
 
 They are well defined, there being but two seasons, the dry and 
 the rainy. It usually rains from Ma}' to November in the central 
 regions on the Pacific side, but on the Atlantic side, as a rule, the 
 reverse is the order. 
 
 TERRITORIAL DIVISION. 
 
 The Republic is divided into five provinces and two comarcas 
 (territories). The provinces are : San Jose Alajuela, Cartago, Here- 
 dia, Guanacaste, and the two Comarcas Puntarenas and Limon: 
 Both the fo-mer and the latter are divided into cantons, and the can- 
 tons subdivided into districts. 
 
 POPULATION. 
 
 According to the historian Juarroz, the population of Costa Rica in 
 1778 was 24,536, and from the following censuses it was: In 1826, 
 
 " E i. X-oc. above cited. 
 
l6 BUREAU OF THE AMERICAN REPUBLICS. 
 
 61,846; in 1835, 74,565; ill 1884, 79,982; in 1864, 120,499; in 1883, 
 182,073; ill 1888, 204,291; in 1892, 243,205. 
 
 Provinces. 
 
 Inhabitants. 
 
 San Jos^ 76,718 
 
 Alajuela 57,203 
 
 Cartage j 37,973 
 
 Heredia 31. 611 
 
 Guanacaste ; ' 20,049 
 
 Puntarenas i 12,167 
 
 Lim6n 7,484 
 
 ''243,205 
 
 Considering the numerous omissions which it is impossible to 
 avoid in the formation, of a census, the number of inhabitants not 
 counted is generally calculated to be 6 and even 10 per cent. The 
 statistical ofiice, taking an average of 8 per cent, estimates that the 
 population of Costa Rica was 262,661 inhabitants in 1892. f 
 
 In Costa Rica, while there still exist aborigines, they number 
 few, and are completely distinct from the civilized race. The latter 
 is white, homogeneous, healthy, and robust. Industry, morality, 
 desire for culture and advancement, a spirit of order, respect shown 
 to the authorities, and love of work are their salient qualities. 
 
 FOREIGNERS. 
 
 Costa Rica opens her gates to foreigners and freely gives them the 
 full liberty to enjoy and secure for themselves the inexhaustible 
 treasures of her soil; yet, owing to lack of knowledge of the country, 
 the number of foreigners amounts scarcely to 10,000 — from Germany, 
 the United States, France, England, Italy, Switzerland, etc. 
 
 PRODUCTIONS. 
 
 Few countries of the globe are so richly endowed by nature as 
 Costa Rica. Indeed, the vegetation is as exuberant upon the high- 
 est mountains as upon the coast; her metals are among the rich- 
 est and most precious; in her animal kingdom are included many 
 
 * Ceii'^o General de Costa Rica, February, 1S92. 
 t Ihid. 
 
DEPARTMENT OF STATE, 
 
 BUREAU OF THE AMERICAN REPUBLICS, 
 
 WASHINGTON, D. C. 
 
 SIR: 
 
 I send you herewith 
 Bulletin No. ^ o of the Bureau of the American Republics. 
 
 Please acknowledge receipt below and return this 
 sheet in the inclosed envelofje, which requires no 
 postage. 
 
 Very resp^tfjftlly , 
 
 '"it 
 
 Director. 
 
 W&' In Signing Below, Correct any Errors of Address. 
 
 Received Bulletin No. 
 American Republics. 
 
 Jfame, 
 
 Permanent address. 
 
 City or Town, 
 
 Country or State, 
 
 Date: 
 
 of the Bureau of the 
 
 , 189 
 
BUREAU OF THE 
 
 American Republics. 
 
 DEPARTiiy';xT OF STATE, 
 WASHINGTON, U. S. A., ■ — , 1893. 
 
 DEAR Sir; Requests for copies of the publications of this 
 Bureau are received in numbers exceeding the possible supply. 
 The annual appropriation for printing these documents is only 
 sufficient to furnish copies for the Libraries of Educational and 
 Commercial Institutions, for the domestic and foreign news- 
 paper press, for United States Diplomatic and Consular agents, 
 and representatives of foreign governments related to the 
 Bureau. Yet it is well understood that many requests are 
 received from persons having good reasons for desiring the 
 information asked for, and both willing and able to pay the 
 slight coot of these documents. 
 
 Under these circumstances, it has been deemed desirable to 
 extend the usefulness of the Bureau by making arrangements 
 for the sale of its publications to those applying. I therefore 
 take pleasure in enclosing a catalogue of the Bulletins published 
 since the organization of the Bureau, of which copies may be 
 secured in limited quantities by application to the Public Printer, 
 Washington, D. C, who will forward them on receipt of the 
 price named in the list. 
 
 It is believed that this course will result in a more general 
 circulation of the information secured and published by the 
 Bureau aud in saving the unnecessary labor of replying to 
 requests from persons who, apparently, have no special interest 
 in the publications applied for, and no definite object to be sub- 
 served. All who have a well-grounded intention of embarking 
 iu busine.ss in foreign countries will presumably be able to afford 
 the slight expense involved in the payment of the cost price of 
 the Bureau documents. 
 
Many of the earliei' Bulletins have been included in more 
 i-ecent publications. This applies especially to the Tariffs, Com- 
 mercial Directories and Newspaper Directories of the different 
 Republics. 
 
 The Bureau has in course of preparation brief statements of 
 the development of different industries in the United States, Cen- 
 tral and South America, which will be issued monthly in accord- 
 ance with the recommendations of the International American 
 Conference. 
 
 All orders for the publications of this Bureau must be 
 addressed to "The Public Printer, Washington, D. C," and 
 must be accompanied with the money for same. No money will 
 be received by this Bureau. 
 
 Suggestions from manufacturers and dealers as to their 
 .special needs of information will be thankfully received by the 
 
 Bureau. 
 
 CUNTON FURBISH, 
 
 Director. 
 
 PRICE LIST OF PUBLICATIONS OF THE 
 BUREAU OF AMERICAN REPUBLICS. 
 
 3. Patent and Trade-mark Laws of America jSo.05 
 
 4. Money, Weights, and Measures of the American 
 
 Republics 05 
 
 6. Foreign Commerce of the American Republics 20 
 
 a. Import Duties of Brazil 10 
 
 10 Import Duties of Cuba and Puerto Rico 15 
 
 I r. Import Duties of Costa Rica 10 
 
 13. Commercial Directory of Brazil 05 
 
 14. Commercial Directory of Venezuela 05 
 
 15. Conmiercial Directory of Colombia 05 
 
 i5. Commercial Directory of Peru 05 
 
 17. Commercial Directory of Chile 05 
 
 iS. Commercial Directory of Mexico 15 
 
 ig. Commercial Directory of Bolivia, Ecuador, Paraguay 
 
 and Uruguay 05 
 
 20. Import Duties of Nicaragua 10 
 
 2[. Import Duties of Mexico (revised) 15 
 
 22. Import Duties of Bolivia 20 
 
 23. Import Duties of Salvador 05 
 
 24. Import Duties of Honduras 10 
 
25- Import Duties of Ecuador 05 
 
 26. Coiuinercial Directory of the Argeutiue Republic 05 
 
 27. Import Duties of Colombia 05 
 
 29. Commercial Directory of Haiti and Santo Domingo 05 
 
 30. First Annual Report of the Bureau, 1891 [o 
 
 32. Handbook of Guatemala 35 
 
 33. Handbook of Colombia , 30 
 
 34. Handbook of Venezuela 35 
 
 36. Import Duties of Venezuela 05 
 
 42. Newspaper Directory of I^atin America 05 
 
 43. Import Duties of Guatemala 25 
 
 44. Import Duties of the United States 05 
 
 45. Import Duties of Peru 25 
 
 46. Import Duties of Chile 23 
 
 47. Import Duties of Uruguay 25 
 
 48. Import duties of the Argeutiue Republic 25 
 
 4g. Import duties of Haiti 10 
 
 50. Handbook of the American Republics, No. 3 50 
 
 53. Immigration and Land L,a\vs of Uatin America 40 
 
 55. Handbook of Bolivia 40 
 
 63. How the Markets of Latin America may be Reached... .40 
 
 Publications not numbered — 
 
 Commercial Directory of Latin America 40 
 
 Second Annual Report of the Bureau, 1892 05 
 
 Manual de las Republicas Americauas, i8gi 50 
 
 The supply of publications not mentioned in the foregoing list 
 iias been exhausted, but new editions will probably be issued, in 
 which event the missing numbers, with price of each, will be 
 given in an amended list. 
 
 28. Com»l Directory of Central Amarica .10 
 jjg « If w Cuba ^c Puerto Rico #10 
 
 20* « n « European Colonies .10 
 
 50 
 
 51 • Handbook of Mcarag^Ja • 
 
 51.' Handbook of Uruguay *^^ 
 
 'oZ, Handbook of Haiti •^ 
 
 67. Handbook of Argentine Republic .ou 
 
 68. Special Oosta Rica Bulletin .ff 
 Third Annual Report, 1S93 • 
 Monthly Bxilletins (each) 
 
COFFEE BERRY 
 
THE REPUBLIC OF COSTA RICA. 17 
 
 species of remarkable wild beasts; also of most beautiful birds and 
 articles like the pearl oyster, which constitute a source of national 
 wealth, and Aplisia dcpilans (a small snail that gives a violet color), 
 considered to be the Lcpus mariniis, from which the ancients extracted 
 the famous purple of Tyre. 
 
 AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS. 
 
 Apart from the agricultural products raised for local consumption, 
 those destined to the foreign trade are, among others, the following: 
 
 Coffee, the principal product of commerce, was first planted in 
 Costa Rica in the year 1796.* 
 
 The first grains were planted at Cartago, where the original trees, 
 from which all the coffee trees of that country, and even of Central 
 America, have been derived, can yet be seen in a flourishing condition. 
 
 The prices paid for Costa Rica coffee, especially in England, have 
 caused almost all other branches of agriculture to be abandoned, and at 
 present nearly 40,000,000 pounds of this product are exported yearly. 
 
 Statistics collected in 1892 show that at that time there were 
 8,232 cofi'ee plantations with 26,680,907 coffee trees, and that 
 in the same year 36,367,300 pounds of the product were exported, f 
 
 The number of plantations is always increasing, owing to the 
 demand for the Costa Rican coffee in the foreign markets. Evidences 
 of its excellence were given at Jackson Park, where thousands, of 
 visitors came every day to the Costa Rican Pavilion at the World's 
 Columbian Exposition, attracted b^- the widely spread fame of the 
 delicious beverage there served; and, as a consequence, fifty-five 
 exhibitors of this product out of seventy-five were awarded medals 
 in Chicago — a proportion not reached by any other country there 
 represented. 
 
 Bananas. The first cargo of bananas from Costa Rica to the 
 United States was sent in 1880. This cargo consisted of only 360 
 bunches. Last year 1,133,717 bunches were exported, with a value 
 of ^680,223.1 
 
 Sugar. The sugar cane grows luxuriantly in several localities of 
 the Republic. There are 16,465 acres cultivated, the annual product of 
 which amounts to 17,800,000 pounds of fine and ordinary sugar. 
 
 * Docunientos in^ditos de los Archivos Nacionales. 
 + Aiiuario Estadistico de Costa Rica, 1893. 
 t Ibid. 
 
1 8 BUREAU OF THE AMERICAN REPUBLICS. 
 
 Alcohol. Rum, cordials, and liquors, bitters, etc., from the National 
 Liquor Factory, have obtained high awards in various expositions. 
 With fine buildings and complete machinery this factory furnished 
 last year to the Government, the lic^uor being monopolized, a product 
 of 51,644,045.60.* The capacity of the factory would be sufficient 
 to supply all Central America, but liquors are not exported, and the 
 production therefore is limited to local consumption. 
 
 Cocoa is cultivated on both the Atlantic and Pacific coasts, and in 
 the valley of San Carlos. It is of excellent quality. In 1737, when 
 Costa Rica had only a population of 24,000 inhabitants, there were 
 773,138 cocoa trees at Matina.f This cultivation decreased in pro- 
 portion to the increase of the attention paid to the coffee industry. 
 
 Tobacco. In Costa Rica tobacco isgenerallj' strong and very aromatic. 
 It was formerly cultivated extensively, and constituted an impor- 
 tant branch of commerce. The amount exported in 1771, was 302,- 
 161 pounds. I Subsequently the cultivation declined, owing chiefly 
 to the more remunerative character of the cultivation of coffee. The 
 tobacco industry in Costa Rica is monopolized by the Government, 
 as is the case in Spain and some other countries, and the crop pro- 
 duced throughout the country must be disposed of to the agents of 
 the Government However, anyone may engage in the manufacture 
 of cigars and cigarettes, and even in the cultivation of the tobacco in 
 certain localities, on condition that the crop be either sold to the 
 Government or exported. 
 
 This industry furnishes to the Government an annual revenue of 
 S6oo,ooo, if not more. 
 
 Woods. Mahogany, cedar, rosewood, lignum vitse, granadillo, and 
 many other precious woods suitable for cabinetmaking and building 
 purposes, are abundant in the Costa Rican forests; but up to the pre 
 ent time, little attention has been given, and only in the localities 
 near the sea, to this great element of prosperity. § The India rubber, 
 the sarsai arilla, the niyroyylum plant, which 3'ields the balsam of 
 Peru and Tolii, and many other medicinal, resinous, coloring and dye- 
 
 * Memoiia dc Hacienda, lSg2. 
 
 -f \iaje del gabernador Carrandi Menan al \'al]e de Maliiia, 1737, Costa Rica, Imprenta Xacioiial 
 1888. 
 X Documentos in^ditos de los Archives Nacionales. 
 § See United States Consular Reports, \ol. x\i, No. 53, p. 122. 
 
THE REPUBLIC OF COSTA KICA. 19 
 
 ing plants, are also abundant, as was fully demonstrated at the 
 World's Columbian Exposition. 
 
 Coloring, dyeing and ornamental woods are exported. The amount 
 of this Irade in the year 1892, was $205,507.* 
 
 LIVE STOCK INDUSTRY. 
 
 Although there has been a great improvement of late in the breeds 
 of cattle and horses, yet that high grade which could be easily 
 attained in a country possessing so many natural advantages has not 
 yet been reached. Costa Rica, with immense pasture lands so splen- 
 didly adapted for cattle that they might be raised for exportation, is 
 obliged to import fresh meat for daily consumption. 
 
 The principal breeds being introduced to improve the native cattle 
 are Durham, Jersey, Dutch, and Swiss cattle, of the Schuytz breed. 
 The breeding of horses is progressing slowly, and sheep are very 
 scarce, and not thoroughbred. The statistical report for 1892! gives 
 the total number of these animals as follows: Horned cattle, 345,665 ; 
 horses, 77,043; sheep, 2,775, with a value of $5,827,609. 
 
 THE PRODUCTION OF THE MINES. 
 
 In regard to the mineral wealth, it is stated that the production of 
 gold from the mines of Monte del Aguacate (Aguacate Mountains) 
 up to date was $7,000,000. 
 
 The scarcity of laborers and the absence of capital, as well as the 
 want of intelligent management, were formerly the greatest barriers 
 to the progress of this industry; but there is now a more favorable 
 and different state of things brought about by means of new and 
 powerful machinery, which permits of a more thorough exploitation 
 of the metal, under the able direction of several foreign companies. 
 
 Besides gold, are : Iron in abundance, silver, copper, argentiferos 
 lead, quicksilver, etc. Almost everywhere through the country mineral 
 and thermal waters are found. 
 
 There are no charges or contributions upon the mining enterprises, 
 nor duties imposed upon the exportation of the products of the same ; 
 they are, on the contrary, allowed to import, free of duty, all ma- 
 chinery, apparatus, and implements employed in the extraction of 
 
 * Anuario Estadistico, above ciled. 
 t Above cited. 
 
20 BUREAU OF THE AMERICAN REPUBLICS. 
 
 the metals,* and public lands are given upon which to erect the build- 
 ings ; also the free use of water, etc., necessary for the exploitation 
 of the mines.! 
 
 MANUFACTORIES. 
 
 The National Liquor Distiller_v, already mentioned, is the most 
 important industrial establishment in the Republic. 
 
 The San Jose Foundry and the National Workshops are valuable 
 institutions, and have contributed vastly to the progress of mechan- 
 ical arts. All kinds of foundry, iron, and cabinet work can be per- 
 formed ; machines and farming tools and other implements are made. 
 
 The flour mill in San Jose is an excellent European mill, which 
 produces good results, but not sufficient in quantity for the needs of 
 the country. 
 
 The five breweries produce a good article of beer, which is vastly 
 consumed ; nevertheless, beer is also imported, to the amount of more 
 than S 100,000 a year. 
 
 Artificial ice is manufactured and used a great deal, and the price, 
 delivered to order, is S2 for 100 poun s. 
 
 The silk and cotton factories produce fine articles, like shawls, 
 scarfs, wraps, manufactured in the favorite colors of the people of the 
 country. 
 
 WORKSHOPS. 
 
 Tailoring, shoemaking, carpentering, beltmaking, cabinetmaking, 
 etc., are very advanced. Masons and stonecutters are, as a rule, 
 skillful at their work. The silversmith's trade and the jeweler's and 
 watch repairing have reached great perfection. Engravers are not 
 numerous, but there are some whose work is verj- fine. 
 
 Industries are divided as follows: 
 
 Armories 7 
 
 Bakeries 44 
 
 Barber shops 54 
 
 Beltmaking shops 29 
 
 Bookbinding shops 4 
 
 Breweries 5 
 
 Brick and tile factories .• no 
 
 Carpentering and cabinetmaking shops , 155 
 
 • Arancel de Aduanas, 1889. 
 t Colecci6n de Leyes, 1887. 
 
0) 
 
 H 
 
 n 
 m 
 H 
 
 (1) 
 
 J> 
 Z 
 
 o 
 
 n 
 
THE REPUBLIC OF COSTA RICA. 2 1 
 
 Cartridge (Remington's system) factory i 
 
 Confectioneries y 
 
 Cotton and silk factories 2 
 
 Curing coffee machineries 259 
 
 Dressmaking shops c 
 
 Drug stores ^8 
 
 Dyeing establishments 14 
 
 Flour mill, European system i 
 
 Foundries 3 
 
 Ice factories 4 
 
 I/imekilns 35 
 
 Liquor factor}' i 
 
 Mining machinery 3 
 
 Photographers and art galleries 3 
 
 Printing offices 10 
 
 Saw and planing mills.. 75 
 
 Sculpturing shops (one for marble) 4 
 
 Shoemaking shops 105 
 
 Silversmith shops 22 
 
 Other smith shops 70 
 
 Soap and candle factories 12 
 
 Starch mills 3 
 
 Sugarcane mills 671 
 
 Sugar refineries 5 
 
 Tanneries. 39 
 
 Tailoring shops 90 
 
 Watch-repairin^' shops "^14 
 
 It may be noted that, notwithstanding the obvious activit}-, there 
 is not enough production to supph- the consumption of any article pro- 
 duced. The scarcity of labor demands that thousands of hands be 
 brought into the country who would find lucrative emplo5'ment. 
 
 The salary of a good workman, from the day laborer to the skillful 
 artisan or mechanic, varies from Si to $5 per day of ten working 
 hours, wages which, in proportion to his expenses, enable him to 
 save, as the cost of living is comparatively cheap, 
 
 COMMERCE. 
 
 The principal importations are silk, wool, linen, and cotton; ma- 
 chinery, implements, and tools for agriculture and various arts; fur- 
 niture, glassware, tinware, hardware, and haberdashery; articles of 
 ornament and luxury; silk, mercery, and perfumery; beer, wines, and 
 
 *.\nuario Estadistico, 
 
2 2 BUREAU OF THE AMERICAN REPUBLICS. 
 
 liquors of all kinds; soap, coffee sacks, flour, sugar, shoes, saddles, 
 laarnesses, etc. 
 
 All goods for Costa Rica should come accompanied by correspond- 
 ing consular invoice. 
 
 The custom duties are calculated on gross weight, which, in gen- 
 eral, amount to 20 to 25 per cent of the cost of imports, and are paid 
 half down and half within three months' time.* 
 
 Coiniiicrcial movement for past four years. 
 1888-89 Imports 15,201,922 
 
 Exports 5,713,792 
 
 510,915,714 
 
 1889-90 Imports 16,306,408 
 
 Exports 6,965,371 
 
 1890-91 Imports 16,615,410 
 
 Exports 10,063,765 
 
 $13,271,779 
 
 516,679,175 
 
 1891-92 Imports f8,35i,029 
 
 KxDorts 9.664,607 
 
 518,015,636 
 
 Statement of tast year's eomiiieree by nations. 
 Nations. Imports. ! Exports. 
 
 England 
 
 United States of America 
 
 Germany 
 
 France 
 
 Cuba and Spain 
 
 Other Central American States 
 
 Ecuador 
 
 Colombia 
 
 Jamaica 
 
 Other nations 
 
 Total. 
 
 fi, 9^5,494 
 
 2,419,243 
 
 1,697,490 
 
 868,035 
 
 605,501 
 
 238,076 
 
 194,975 
 157,628 
 
 133,015 
 51572 
 
 115,091,616 
 
 3,983.941 
 422,789 
 
 50,953 
 
 89,619 
 
 966 
 
 24,197 
 
 526 
 
 17,077,110 
 6,403,184 
 2,120,279 
 918,988 
 605,501 
 327,695 
 195,941 
 181,825 
 
 133,015 
 52,098 
 
 8,351,029 9,664,607 ' 18,015,636 
 
 The principal ports of Costa Rica, are Limon on the Atlantic and 
 Puntarenas on the Pacific At Limon the vessels touch at the pier 
 and the freight is loaded directly from cars to steamer, or viee z-crsa. 
 
 * Tariff of Costa Rica in Bulletins No. ii, September, 1S91, and Xo 31, January, 1892, of the Bui cau 
 ot American Republics, \\'asbiiigton, D. C. 
 t Anuario Estadistico, vol. \ i, \ ii, viii, ix. 
 
THK REPUBI^IC OF COSTA RICA. 
 
 23 
 
 Hospitals and quarantine buildings are in both ports, Puntarenas 
 and Limon. 
 
 As one illustration, the following statement is quoted from ,the ver^' 
 important work by Juan Jose Castro, entitled "Treatise on the South 
 American Rail\va_vs," published under the auspices of the Ministry 
 of Promotion of the Oriental Republic of Uruguay, and sent to the 
 World's Columbian Exposition at Chicago, 1893. It shows the value 
 which each inhabitant contributes to the formation of foreign com- 
 merce in the shape of imports and exports from the following 
 countries : 
 
 Stales. 
 
 Uruguay 
 
 Costa Rica 
 
 Arjientiue Republic. 
 Doiiiiuion of Cauada 
 
 Chile 
 
 Uuited State? 
 
 Nicaragua 
 
 Brazil 
 
 Ecuador 
 
 Paraguay 
 
 Venezuela 
 
 Salvador 
 
 Mexico 
 
 Columbia 
 
 Peru 
 
 Bolivia 
 
 Population 
 
 I S9 1 , 
 
 Imports. 
 
 Exports. 
 
 Commerce 
 per inhab- 
 
 
 
 itant. 
 
 750. 65S 
 
 ?29,453,572 
 
 126,649,805 
 
 $7487 
 
 262,400 
 
 8,351,029 
 
 9,664,607 
 
 68 66 
 
 4,326,155 
 
 119,602,856 
 
 98,685,256 
 
 5045 
 
 4,829,411 
 
 1 13,345,000 
 
 88,801,000 
 
 41 65 
 
 3,200,000 
 
 61,982,729 
 
 62,441,330 
 
 38 89 
 
 64,500,000 
 
 844,916,000 
 
 872,270,000 
 
 26 52 
 
 298,96s 
 
 2,780,000 
 
 3,500,000 
 
 21 00 
 
 14,568,120 
 
 119,745,160 
 
 143,021,000 
 
 18 50 
 
 1,132,000 
 
 10,861,553 
 
 8,822,160 
 
 15 15 
 
 350,000 
 
 2,962,666 
 
 2,574,333 
 
 15 82 
 
 2,323.527 
 
 14,722,882 
 
 20,183,467 
 
 14 qo 
 
 777,895 
 
 2,4or,ooo 
 
 7,579,000 
 
 12 82 
 
 11,885,607 
 
 44,000,000 
 
 75,467,715 
 
 10 05 
 
 4,000,000 
 
 13,241,438 
 
 19,829,751 
 
 827 
 
 3,980,000 
 
 14,172,712 
 
 12.354,536 
 
 6 66 
 
 2,442,841 
 
 3,569,280 
 
 7,650,240 
 
 4 59 
 
 Taking the commercial power of Costa Rica, according to the 
 foregoing statement, as S68.66 per inhabitant, it is obvious that she 
 needs only 1,500,000 inhabitants to reach a commercial status of 
 more than $100,000,000. 
 In other words, the commerce of Costa Rica would be as follows: 
 With a population equal in number to that of Salvador, $53,410,270; 
 with a population equal in number to that of Guatemala, *$io3,698, 
 983, which countries exist under similar conditions, being, as Costa 
 Rica is, a part of Central America. It is not necessary, then, to say 
 
 • Population of Guatemala, 1892, 1,510.326 inhabitants. Imports in the same year, 17,806,730.90. 
 Exports, 514,175,392 55, Total, $21,982,123.45. 
 
24 BUREAU OF THE AMERICAN REPUBLICS. 
 
 one word further as to the industry of the Costa Rican people or the 
 wealth of the Costa Rican soil. Figures speak for themselves. 
 
 BANKING HOUSES. 
 
 The Banco Anglo-Costaricense, established in 1863; capital paid 
 up, $1,500,000. The Banco de Costa Rica, formerly the Banco de la 
 Union, established in 1877; registered capital, ^2,0000,000; capital 
 paid up, .^'i, 155,000. The first bank of Central America was estab- 
 lished in Costa Rica by Don Crisanto Medina, in 1857. 
 
 MISCELLANEOUS SOCIETIES. 
 
 Other associations are the following: The Agency Company, 
 which engages in all operations of loading and unloading vessels, 
 capital $200,000; San Jose Market, capital $215,000; Cartage Market, 
 capital Sioo,ooo; Heredia Market, capital $100,000; The Monte de 
 Aguacate Mining Company, capital $500,000; La Trinidad Mining 
 Company, capital $250,000; The Bella Vista Thermal Bath Company, 
 of Cartago, c\pital Sioo,ooo; The Costa Rica House Construction 
 Company, capital $250,000; The Electric Tight Company, etc. 
 
 The Atlantic Railroad Company, the Costa Rica Northern Railroad 
 Company, the Costa Rica Pacific Railroad Company, and the Costa 
 Rica Pacific Gold Mining Company, Limited, are foreign companies 
 incorporated in London. 
 
 MONEYS, WEIGHTS, AND MEASURES. 
 
 The moneys coined in Co,sta Rica up to date amounted to: 
 Gold $2,352,000 
 
 Silver 1,252,349 
 
 Silver froui Colombia recoiued 382,765 
 
 Copper 1,682 
 
 Total =f 3,988,796 
 
 Their denominational value, arranged bj' the decimal system, is as 
 follows: Gold, Sio, S5, $2, $1; silver, 50-cent piece, 25 cents, 10 
 cents, 5 cents;copper, i cent. Besides, there is a great quantity of 
 soles from Peru and pesos from Chile, circulating in the country. 
 
 The paper money of the country circulates in bills to the value of 
 $[oo, S50, $25, $10, $5, S2, Si. The bank notes are of the same 
 values. 
 
 * MemoriE* de Hacienda, 1S83, 1890, 1891; La Gaceta. Diario Oficial, No. 35, February 11, 1894. 
 
01 
 
 > 
 
 2 
 O 
 
 o 
 a 
 
 c 
 
 2 
 
 o 
 
 2 
 I 
 
 C 
 2 
 
 O 
 
 z 
 
 CD 
 
 J> 
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 3! 
 
 (A 
 
 J> 
 2 
 
 O 
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 n 
 
THE REPUBLIC OP COSTA RICA. 
 
 25 
 
 The decimal system for moneys was adopted' in 1863, and the 
 French metric system was adopted for weights and measures in 1884. 
 
 WAYS OF COMMUNICATION. 
 
 The exceptional conditions of Costa Rica appear still more inter- 
 esting when the situation she occupies is considered in relation to the 
 points destined by nature for the uniting of the two great oceans. 
 On the north the Nicaragua Canal will mark ere long her northern 
 boundaries; on the south the Panama route. A simple glance at the 
 map will show the facilities her territory affords for other interoceanic 
 roads. 
 
 At present an important mixed road crosses the central and well- 
 settled part of the Republic from the port of lyimon, on the Atlantic 
 side, to the Pacific port of Puntarenas, uniting the principal centers 
 of population. The most important part of this road being 
 
 THE ATLANTIC RAILROAD, 
 
 With branches to Carrillo, Boca de Matina, Valverde, Swamp, 
 etc. The trunk line of the Atlantic Railroad ends at present in Ala- 
 juela, touching at Cartago, San Jose, Heredia, and many other 
 smaller towns. From Alajuela to Esparza a wagon road about thirty 
 miles long across the "Monte del Aguacate, " connects that line with 
 
 THE PACIFIC RAILROAD, 
 
 This railroad from Esparza to Puntarenas will be connected with that 
 from Limon to Alajuela, end to that end a concession was granted to 
 an English company, and thus the interoceanic railway will be com- 
 pleted. 
 
 THE NORTHERN RAILROAD. 
 
 Another railway to connect the Atlantic line with a point on the 
 River San Juan and Nicaragua Lake is to be constructed and will per- 
 mitthe great improvement of an enormous amount of ver}- fertile land, 
 and will connect the country with the Costa Rica and Nicaragua 
 Canal. 
 
 CANALS. 
 
 That which renders the situation of Costa Rica exceedingly favor- 
 able, and which will certainly one day permit her to consider her- 
 self as privileged among nations, says Paul BioUey,* is that she 
 
 * "Costa Rica and Her Future," cited. 
 
26 BUREAU OF THE A?.IERICAN REPUBLICS. 
 
 occupies exactly the territory comprised between the two great 
 interoceanic canals, which are most likely to be opened eventu- 
 ally, to the commerce of the world. Although the Republic does 
 not touch directly on the Panama Canal, its commerce will naturally 
 gain by the conclusion of this vast enterprise. A contract was en- 
 tered into July, i88S, between the Government of Costa Rica and the 
 Nicaragua Canal Company which sets forth the rights of the Republic 
 to part of the waters and territory whrch the projected canal by the 
 River San Juan and the Lake of Nicaragua would utilize, and makes 
 clear the concessions which the Government would grant the com- 
 pany upon the execution of the work, this being declared of public 
 benefit. 
 
 WAGON ROADS. 
 
 All the cities, towns or villages are connected by wagon roads, 
 more or less well built and maintained. The communication with 
 the Province of Guanacaste is also effected on the Gulf of Nicoya 
 by little steamers, as well as that with the extreme south coast in 
 both oceans, to Golfo, Dulce, on the Pacific, and Talamanca, on the 
 Atlantic. 
 
 MAILS. 
 
 The domestic mail service is well organized. Correspondence for 
 foreign countries is dispatched by the steamers touching at Limcn 
 and PuntarenaS;, as follows: 
 Atlantic Side — To Europe, via Hanil)urg, twice a month, i2tb and 29th. 
 
 To Europe, by British Royal Mail, once a month, the gth. 
 
 To Europe, via Marsella, once a month, the 12th. 
 
 To Europe and the United States, via New York, Fridays. 
 
 To Europe, the United States and Mexico, via New Orleans, Mondays. 
 Pacific Side — To "West Indies and South America, via Puutareuas and Panama, 
 three times a month. 
 
 To other States of Central America, three times a month. 
 
 To Nicaragua, via Liberia, every Thursday. 
 
 TELEGRAPH. 
 
 Costa Rica was the first Central American State to have telegraph 
 communication. It has been extended in every direction between 
 all the cities, towns, and villages. Communication throughout Cen- 
 tral America is charged at the same rate as within the country. 
 The price for ten words is 20 cents, and for every five or less addi- 
 tional, 5 cents. The nearest office of the cable companj- — 
 
THE REPUBLIC OF COSTA RICA. 27 
 
 CABLE COMPANY 
 
 Is at San Juan del Sur, Nicaragua, not far from the frontier, and, of 
 course, connected with the Costa Ricau telegraphs. Concession was 
 granted to one European company to connect Costa Rica with the 
 cable on the Atlantic side bj' means of an office to be established at 
 Limon, and besides, the Government opened negotiations for the 
 establishment of a new office of the Central and South American 
 Cable, at a point on the Pacific coast within Costa Rican territory. 
 
 TELEPHONE SERVICE 
 
 Was introduced in 1886, and is now operated not "only within the 
 limits of the cities, but between city and city, all over the country. 
 
 REAL ESTATE. 
 
 The property owners are so numerous and the Costa Ricans' habits 
 of order so marked, it being an essentially agricultural country, that 
 the necessity of a mortgage law was apparent for the purpose of 
 maintaining and securing the rights of all. 
 
 The registry of property and mortgages was opened in 1867. The 
 values recorded since, to the 31st of March, 1892, are as follows: 
 Real estate registered, 70,638 farms; value, $46,968,170. Mortgages 
 registered amounting to S9, 675, 303.* 
 
 ^ales of properties or value of the transfer of real estate, mortgages, and can- 
 cellation of mortgages made during the year iSg2, are as follows : 
 
 Provinces. 
 
 Value of 
 transfers. 
 
 Mortgage. 
 
 Cancel- 
 lation. 
 
 San Jose.... 
 
 Hereilia 
 
 Alajuela 
 
 Canago 
 
 Ouauacaste 
 
 Liinon 
 
 Pumarenas 
 
 Total 
 
 Ji, 885,162 57 
 
 1,180,532 42 
 
 1,027,155 59 
 
 731,156 66 
 
 43,320 80 
 
 258,612 78 
 
 65,541 50 
 
 ?i, 371, 877 00 
 
 131,387 31 
 
 222,591 16 
 
 384,053 24 
 
 90,910 62 
 
 475,734 94 
 12,462 S4 
 
 ^756,454 57 
 
 98,605 41 
 
 132,604 54 
 
 286,565 27 
 
 145,000 on 
 
 93,862 61 
 
 41,214 GO 
 
 5,191,482 32 
 
 1,017 II 
 
 1,554,306 40 
 t 
 
 The Ley Hipotecaria of Costa Rica, which is considered perfect in 
 its class, allows the mobilization, as may be said, of the real estate 
 
 * Memorias de Gobernacion, years 1884 to 1892, 
 t Ibid, 1892. 
 
2 8 BUREAU OF THE AMERICAN REPUBLICS. 
 
 to all imaginable extent. The owner of a piece of land, duly regis- 
 tered in the office for such purposes established, can have the 
 value of his property divided there into shares, and each share 
 represented by a ccdula, or bond, and arrangements are made so as to 
 allow at any time, and with perfect safety for the bank or the money 
 lender, funds to be raised on these "cedulas," and the latter to be 
 used as collateral securities of the best character.* 
 
 GOVERNMENT LANDS. 
 
 The Government itself does not offer any special inducements to 
 immigrants, but foreigners, as well as natives, can profit by very lib- 
 eral laws in regard to the acquisition of lands, whether mineral, tim- 
 ber or agricultural. 
 
 To acquire the public land when not urder concession, there are 
 two systems, one by pre-emption and the other \)y bidding at public 
 sales. 
 
 By the first anybody can take possession of fifty hectares (123 
 acres) of Government land, and by fencing it and giving notice of the 
 fact to the authorities of the district in which it is situated, and of 
 his intention to cultivate it, no one can disturb him in his possession 
 and enjoyment of the same for two years, during which he is obliged 
 to cultivate his homestead. Should he fail to do so, the place can 
 be taken by some other person, who would have to pay him the value 
 of whatever improvements he ma}- have made, but if he complies 
 with the requirements of the law, he becomes the owner of the land. 
 Whenever fifty hectares are thus fenced in and cultivated by the same 
 person, he can go to work on fifty other hectares, and so on, subject 
 to the same conditions. 
 
 By the bidding at public sales, a person can ask of the Land Office 
 the sale at auction of any Government land to an extent not exceed- 
 ing 500 hectares (1,235 acres) for each adult, the person asking for the 
 sale has the privilege of purchasing the land for himself at the price 
 brought at auction. 
 
 The lowest price that can be bid per hectare is $5 for level pasture 
 land; S4 for timber or wooded land, from which natural products 
 (rubber, vanilla, dye woods, etc.) can easily be obtained; §3 for the 
 
 * Ley Hipotecaria, 1865. C6digo Civil, 1887. 
 
THE REPUBLIC OF COSTA RICA. 29 
 
 same kind of laud without the last mentioned of advantages; and $2 
 for mostly uneven, marshy, stony or barren land. 
 
 Lands separated from a town of over 3,000 inhabitants, or from a 
 railroad, more than fifteen miles, are valued at one-half the price 
 given; if distant more than thirty miles, at one-fourth, and if at sixty 
 miles, at one-eighth. 
 
 The purchasers of public lands have the option of paying cash, or 
 within ten years, at an interest of 6 per cent per annum upon the 
 value of the purchase, with the interest payable at the end of every 
 year. 
 
 Whenever the purchaser can establisti by sufficient evidence that 
 he has made improvements worth twice as much as the interest 
 on the land purchased, he shall be exempted from the payment ot 
 said interest due; and if the improvements amount to double the 
 price of the land, he shall be exempted from the payment of the 
 price or principal. The purchaser has to pay all expenses to the 
 Land Office and for the surveying of the land.* 
 
 Any person taking possession of public lands and thereupon 
 applying himself to the cultivation of India rubber and cocao, will 
 receive another portion of land equivalent 10 double the amount 
 already cultivated. And those planting the same products on property 
 , of their own, will receive in public lands an amount trebling that 
 already cultivated. 
 
 Premiums ranging from $2,000 to $5,500 are awarded, by a jury 
 of qualification, to those who cultivate ten manzanas (about 21 acres)t 
 at least, with India rubber, or five with cocao, considering in the first 
 place the best method of culture employed.:!: 
 
 One can buy from private owners sections already cleared from 
 S23.50 per acre upward. On the central plateau uncultivated land is 
 worth at lea t S90 to $95, and that planted with coffee brings, in 
 some places, as high as S700 to S 1,000 per acre. 
 
 POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS. 
 
 Costa Kica is a Democratic Republic. 
 
 The Government is administered by three distinct powers, legisla- 
 tive, executive and judiciary. 
 
 • Pee the C6digo Fiscal, 1885. 
 
 + One manzana— 10,000 square varas; i acre = 4,840 square \-avas. 
 
 t Colecciiill de Leyes, 1SS2. 
 
30 BUREAU OF THE AMERICAN REPUBLICS. 
 
 The legislative power is exercised by one House, wliose members 
 are elected for four years. This body is called Constitutional 
 Congress. 
 
 The executive power is vested in the President of the Republic, 
 who is elected for four years, and is ineligible for a second consecu- 
 tive term. 
 
 The juaiciary power is vested in the Supreme Court of Justice, 
 and tribunals under it established by law.* 
 
 ARMS AND COLORS. 
 
 The coat of arms is composed of three volcanoes joined and placed 
 between two seas, with a ship on each side, on the left, a rising sun. 
 on the top, five stars, and three flags on each side of the shield; and 
 at the bottom a horn of plenty. On the upper part is a scroll, upon 
 which is inscribed "America Central," and below "Republica de 
 Costa Rica." 
 
 The flag consists of five horizontal bars, the outer ones blue, the 
 next white, and the central red and of double width. 
 
 RIGHTS AND PRIVILEGES. 
 
 The rights of faiths, home and property are strictly observed, and 
 have never been infringed upon in Costa Rica, nor have retroactive 
 laws been framed. 
 
 The sacredness of correspondence, the right to meet in bodies and 
 to petition, the right of habeas corpus, the liberty of the press — all are 
 guaranteed by the Constitution. 
 
 Foreigners enjoy every civil right without being admitted to citi- 
 zenship or being compelled to contribute heavy sums. Admission to 
 citizenship may be applied for at any time and will be granted, as in 
 most civilized countries, after one year's residence. Settlers are not 
 obliged to become naturalized citizens nor to pay forced contribu- 
 tions. They can carry on business and manufacture, possess real 
 estate, buy and sell, navigate the rivers and coasts, and, subject to 
 the laws, may exercise freely their religious creeds, marry, and dis- 
 pose of their property by will.j 
 
 • Constituci6n Politica, 1871. 
 t Ibid. 
 
n 
 
 X 
 
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 o 
 
 c 
 
 H 
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 s 
 
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THE REPUBLIC OF COSTA RICA. 
 
 31 
 
 PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION. 
 
 The Republic is divided, as already said, into five Provinces and 
 two Comarcas, Territories. The Provinces are San Jose, Alajuela 
 Cartago, Heredia, Guanacaste, and the Territories are Puntarenas 
 and Limon. Both the former and the latter are divided into cantons, 
 and the cantons subdivided into districts. 
 
 The Territories are represented in Congress in the same way as 
 the Provinces. 
 
 Each canton has a municipality popularly elected, and a politi 
 cal chief named by the President. 
 
 In each of the Provinces and Territories there is a Governor and a 
 military comandant, also named by the President, and a judge of first 
 instance appointed b}' the Supreme Court. 
 
 The City of San Jose is the Capital of the Republic. 
 
 NATIONAL REVENUES. 
 
 The present revenne is derived from custom house duties, revenue 
 stamps and stamped paper, liquor and tobacco monopolies, sale of 
 public lands, tax for registering property, and on slaughtering of live 
 stock, etc. As it can be seen, there are no direct contributions. 
 
 The budget of the Republic has followed the progress of commerce, 
 as shown by this table : 
 
 State of the yalioiial Treasury. 
 
 Years. 
 
 1S24 
 
 iti4o 
 
 !88o 
 
 iSSg-'go. 
 iSgo-'gr. 
 i89i-'92. 
 
 RtctiDts. 
 
 Outlay. 
 
 
 I14 
 
 7.51 
 
 
 117 
 
 164 
 
 2 
 
 ,S2,'5 
 
 726 
 
 4.975 
 
 S65 
 
 .=i 
 
 100 
 
 929 
 
 5 
 
 SoS 
 
 474 
 
 114,243 
 67,992 
 
 3,i5y,S2,^ 
 4.93«.540 
 5,091,2^6 
 5,449,290 
 
 The municipal taxes are not high. The owners of real estate are 
 obliged to pay only the taxes destined for the maintenance of the 
 municipal police, street lighting, and the supply of water in the 
 houses. 
 
 * Memoriade Hacienda, i824-'92. 
 
32 BUREAU OF THE AMERICAN REPUBLICS. 
 
 NATIONAL DEBT. 
 
 Foreign' debt, converted at 5 per cent (^2,000,000), v?io, 000. 000 
 domestic debt, 1892, $2,811,102.* 
 
 The Costa Rican consolidation paper rose in I^ondon, June, 1889, 
 to 96 J^, and for some time bonds of series A were quoted at 94 to 
 95, and those of series B at <)2% to 93>'3-t 
 
 The interest has been promptly paid ever since, as it was in pre- 
 vious years, but owing to the general depression of business that 
 prevails throughout the world, and to the fall in the value of silver, 
 the prices of the Costa Rican bonds are lower at present. 
 
 PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 
 
 Elementary instruction of both sexes is obligatory, free, and pro- 
 vided for by the Government. Every Costa Rican, or foreigner, is 
 free to give or receive instruction in institutions not maintained at 
 public expense.:}: 
 
 The amount appropriated for public instruction during the last five 
 years was as follows; 
 
 i887-'88 1186,700 
 
 i888-'89 281,000 
 
 i889-'qo 315.380 
 
 i890-'9r , 555.380 
 
 i89i-'92 § 545,000 
 
 The number of primarv, secondary and professional schools sup- 
 ported by the Government is over 300, with an attendance of about 
 20,000 pupils. In addition there are several private schools. 
 
 The primary and secondary schools are organized in Costa Rica on 
 a system more or less similar to that of the United States. The 
 number of pupils enrolled in these schools was 18 017, the same 
 being 8 per cent of the population, and the attendance being an 
 average of 74.60 per cent of the enrolled pupils. |] 
 
 The report of the United States Commissioner of Education for 
 the year i89o-'9iir contains a statement about schools below uni- 
 
 * Memoria de Hacienda, 1892. 
 
 t Stock Exchange Prices, Straker Bros. & Co., London, E. C, 1S89-1892. 
 
 X Cunst. Pol., above cited. 
 
 § Meinoria de Instrucci6n Pdblica, i88S-'g2. 
 
 II Ibid. 
 
 1[ Washington, 1S94, page 370. 
 
THE REPUBLIC OF COSTA RICA. 
 
 33 
 
 versities iu the civilized world, from which the following data are 
 quoted: 
 
 Countries. 
 
 Uruguay 676,955 
 
 Costa Rica 243,205 
 
 Argentine Republic 4,086,492 
 
 Ecuador 1,271,861 
 
 Nicaragua 282,845 
 
 Paraguay 392,64s 
 
 Chile 2.817,552 
 
 Venezuela 2,323,520 
 
 Guatemala 1,460,017 
 
 Mexico 11,395,712 
 
 Salvador 777,895 
 
 Peru 2,621,844 
 
 Colombia 3,878,600 
 
 Brazil 14,002,355 
 
 Bolivia 2,300,000 
 
 ! Total 
 Population. '^--„^- 
 iu school. 
 
 70,240 
 18,017 
 
 268,884 
 74,373 
 14,901 
 15,709 
 
 126,370 
 
 106,718 
 56,057 
 
 433,789 
 28,536 
 75.522 
 95.121 
 
 290,990 
 26,400 
 
 Per 
 
 cent. 
 
 10.4 
 8.0 
 
 6.5 
 6.0 
 
 5-3 
 4-7 
 4-5 
 4-5 
 4.0 
 3-8 
 3-6 
 3-0 
 24 
 2.0 
 
 Taking the ratio to population, according to the foregoing state- 
 ment, as 8 percent, it will show that with a population equal in number to 
 that of Salvador, the children enrolled in schools in Costa Rica would 
 be over 03,000; or with a population equal in number to that of 
 Guatemala, nearly 117,000 children. 
 
 The Government pays for the tuition and expenses of a certain 
 number of students educated abroad, as an encouragement for those 
 who distinguish themselves in their studies and to provide for profes- 
 sors specially in those branches of science and art not developed in 
 the country. 
 
 PRINCIPAL CITIES. 
 
 San Jose, capital of the Republic, lies at 9° 56' north latitude and 
 84° longitude west from Greenwich, at an altitude of 3,868 feet above 
 sea level. Cartage, situated at the foot of the Volcano Irazii and at 
 4,930 feet, is one of the best located towns in Central America. Ala- 
 juela and Heredia, the former at an elevation of 3,001 feet, and the 
 latter 3,786 feet, are situated at the base of the hills of Barba. The 
 houses are of one, two and three stories high, and present a pleasing 
 
34 BUREAU OF THE AMERICAN REPUBIvICS. 
 
 appearance. The^- contain every modern convenience. The streets 
 are paved with stone, except in San Jose, where the system of Mc- 
 Adani was adopted. The water works supply is modern. The houses 
 are provided with iron pipes, and fouatains are in the .squares. San 
 Jose and Cartago are supplied with electric light, and a concession 
 was made to establish the same system in Alajuela and Heredia. 
 The organization of the police has been given especial attention by 
 the Government, is very satisfactor}', particularly in the principal 
 cities. Personal safety is, besides, absolute in any part of the coun- 
 try. One can, without the slightest danger, traverse alone and un- 
 armed the most remote and isolated sections of the Republic. There 
 are different charitable institutions, such as hospitals, orphan asylums 
 for girls and boys, insane asylum, etc., all being under the manage- 
 ment of corporations or unions constantly laboring to improve them. 
 The cemeteries are also under the supervision of charitable associa- 
 tions. They are beautifully kept, and contain handsome tombs and 
 vaults. Besides a museum there are several parks, public libraries, 
 scientific societies of law and medicine, and also literary and musical 
 associations. The hotel rates are from $i to S3 per day, and offer 
 the comforts of modern improvements. Artificial ice is much used. 
 
 HOW COSTA RICA MAY BE REACHED. 
 
 Costa Rica may be reached either by the Atlas line of steamers from 
 New York to Limon, or by the Costa Rica and Honduras line of 
 steamers from New Orleans to Ivimon, or by the Pacific Mail steamers 
 from Seattle, Portland, and San Francisco, Cal., to Puntareuas. 
 These are the direct routes. One can also reach Costi Rica from 
 New York by the Pacific Mail steamers to Colon. At Colon the pas- 
 senger can decide whether he will transfer to a Royal Mail steamer 
 and enter the country at L,im6n or cross to Panama, and there again 
 embark in a steamer of the Pacific Mail and disembark at Puntarenas. 
 Should the traveler come by Puntarenas, he will take the train 
 to Esparza, and from that point to Alajuela, the distance of about 
 thirty-six miles is made on horseback. At Alajuela he takes the 
 train to San Jose. Should the traveler disembark in Limon, then 
 he enters the train and makes the journey by rail to San Jose. 
 
THE REPUBLIC OE COSTA RICA. 35 
 
 DISTANCES. 
 
 Miles. 
 
 From New Orleans to Litn6n 1,340 
 
 From New York to Lim6n 2,025 
 
 From San Francisco, Cal., to Puntarenas 2,793 
 
 See for description and further information in regard to the country, 
 "The Republic of Costa Rica," by Joaquin B. Calvo, published by 
 Rand, McNally & Co., New York and Chicago, 1890 ; " Costa Rica 
 and Her Future," by Paul BioUey, Washington, D. C, 1889; "Costa 
 Rica," Bulletin No. 31 of the Bureau of the American Republics, 
 Washington, D. C, January, 1892, and " Costa Rica Immigration 
 Pamphlet," by John Schroeder, San Jose, Costa Rica, 1894. 
 
 For the Immigration Pamphlet apply to Mr. John Schroeder, 
 Oficina de Estadistica, San Jose, Costa Rica. 
 
COSTA RICA AT THE WORLD'S FAIR. 
 
 [From the Monthly Bulletin, Bureau of American Republics, Feb- 
 ruary, 1894.] 
 
 As appears from the official publications, the goverument of Costa 
 Rica, as soon as the invitation to participate in the World's Colum- 
 bian Exposition reached its hands, decided to give it the most care- 
 ful attention, and issued orders for the gathering of choice samples 
 of all natural, agricultural and industrial products of that rich coun- 
 try for exhibition in the great contest of the civilized world. There 
 were two reasons that principally influenced the Costa Rican govern- 
 ment in making that decision: First, its desire to bind more inti- 
 mately the existing intercourse of friendship and commerce with the 
 United States of America; and, secondly, the consideration that, as 
 the great city of Chicago, situated in the center of this great country, 
 is the emporium of trade, and the unrivalled railroad center of the 
 world, it offered all kinds of facilities to that object, and was conse- 
 quently a sure guarantee of success to the Exposition. 
 
 In order to carry the said decision to success, the Executive recom- 
 mended the project to the National Congress, and that body appro- 
 priated, to meet the expenses of the Costa Rica exhibit, the sum of 
 $150,000, which, proportionately to the number of inhabitants of the 
 Republic, is larger than the amount granted for the purpose by any 
 other nation. 
 
 As soon as the appropriation was made, Seiior Don Jose Joaqufn 
 Rodriguez, the president of the Republic, ordered an office to be 
 opened in Costa Rica, wherein all the products and objects to be 
 
 37 
 
38 BUREAU OP THE AMERICAN REPUBLICS. 
 
 exhibited in Chicago should be collected; and there, under the active 
 and wise direction of Don Joaquin Lizano, and Don Jose Vargas, M., 
 who were successively at the head of the Department of Promotion 
 of Public Welfare, and the active co-operation of Don Jose L,ino 
 Matarrita, of Nicoya, Don Trinidad Vargas, of Golfo Dulce, and 
 Don Teodoro Koshney, of San Carlos, the collecting of the exhibit 
 was started. According to the catalogue, the most valuable exhibit 
 of products was due to the efforts of the latter gentleman. 
 
 While this work was being carried on with an amount of interest 
 never before shown in the country on similar occasions, the gov- 
 ernment sent instructions to Don Joaquin Bernardo Calvo, charge 
 d'affaires of Costa Rica, at Washington, for the selection of a site 
 and the construction of a building as well as for the acquisition of 
 all the fixtures required. He was also authorized to take all neces- 
 sary steps with the officers of the Exposition for the success of the 
 undertaking. 
 
 It was unfortunate that, during the course of these preparations, 
 the danger of an invasion of cholera overshadowed the country and 
 interrupted for awhile their progress. It was feared also that the 
 Chicago Exposition itself could not be carried out on account of the 
 quarantine, and because some cases of cholera had appeared in the 
 city of New York. 
 
 Costa Rica was then obliged to close her ports, and to abandon for 
 the moment, almost completely, all projects referring to the Exposi- 
 tion. To this calamity, another of serious consequences was added, 
 namely, the fall in the value of silver and the consequent rise of the 
 rates of foreign exchange. 
 
 These great obstacles were not sufficient, however, to effect a radi- 
 cal change in the decision already made on the subject, and as sooa 
 as the fear of the cholera was over, the government resolved to 
 follow the former plan, and ordered at once the continuation of the 
 preparations. But the time then was rather limited, and it is there- 
 fore to be regretted that none of the collections of the products could 
 be exhibited complete 
 
 THE COSTA RICA PAVILION. 
 
 For the reasons stated above, it was considered necessary to set 
 aside the plans for the pavilion, as they had been drawn in Costa 
 
COSTA RICA AT THE WORI^d'S FAIR. 
 
 39 
 
 Rica and approved, and others, more economical, drawn by Architect 
 James G. Hill, of Washington, D. C, following the indications ot 
 the engineer, Don Nicolas Chavarria, M., director of public works ot 
 Costa Rica, were adopted in their place. 
 
 The contract for the construction was entered into between the 
 charge d' affaires, Mr. Calvo, and Messrs. Cass, Chapman & Co., of 
 Chicago; but these gentlemen, on account of a lack of time, were 
 unable to finish their work before the ist of May, the day on which 
 the Exposition was inaugurated . 
 
 The Costa Rican building was situated at the east end of the 
 North pond, facing west, and the location was one of the best within 
 the grounds. Across the North pond, in beautiful perspective, and 
 within a distance to be fully appreciated, were the Illinois, Wash- 
 ington, Indiana, Ohio and Wisconsin buildings. To the right, were 
 the galleries of Fine Arts, and on the left, the buildings of 
 Guatemala and Brazil, while as a background, and not far distant. 
 Lake Michigan murmured its praises to the efforts of mortal 
 man. 
 
 The building was Doric in style; 103 feet long by 60 feet wide, two 
 stories and clerestory, making the full height 50 feet. On each side, 
 there was a Doric portico 22 feet wide, supported by four large 
 pilasters. On the west front, a spacious platform, with a handsome 
 balustrade, adorned with beautiful stone urns brought from Costa 
 Rica, led up to the main floor; and opposite this front entrance, broad 
 double stairways led to the second, or gallery floor, supported by 
 eighteen columns rising to the full height of the clerestory. 
 
 The cornices, frieze molding, caps and bases, window casements, 
 etc., were made of iron. The main walls were cemented, and all 
 was painted in soft colors. The inside walls were plastered, and the 
 walls and timber work were frescoed in a modest and becoming 
 manner. 
 
 The building was lighted by twenty large double casement windows 
 in the first story, and ten large skylights in the roof of the clere- 
 story, while on all sides of the latter, the windows were pivoted so 
 that, when opened, they could afford perfect ventilation. Ample 
 toilet rooms were provided on each floor. Over each main entrance 
 to the building the national coat-of-arms of the Republic in bold 
 
40 BUREAU OP THE AMERICAN REPUBLICS. 
 
 relief was placed and constituted a striking addition to the decorative 
 part of the work. The building cost §20,000.* 
 
 THE COSTA RICAN COMMISSION. 
 
 When the products to be exhibited were ready, and all the neces- 
 sary preparations in Chicago had been completed, the Government 
 issued the following decree:! 
 
 No. "112.] 
 
 San Jose, March 29, 1893. 
 
 The President of the Republic has resolved to organize the Commission that 
 is to represent Costa Rica in the approaching International Exposition of Chi- 
 cago in the following form: 
 
 President, Seiior Don Manuel M. Peralta, E. E. and M. P., from Costa Rica 
 at Washington. 
 
 Secretary, Seiior DOn Joaquin Bernardo Calvo, Charg^ d'Affaires of Costa Rica 
 at Washington. 
 
 Vice-President and Commissioner-General for Agriculture and Industry, Senor 
 Don David J. Guzman. 
 
 Vice-Secretary and Commissioner for Archaeology, Senor Don Anastasio 
 Alfaro. 
 
 Signed by the President. 
 
 (Counter.signed) Vargas, M. 
 
 The Commission did not meet in Chicago until about the middle 
 of May, and during that period, Messrs. Calvo and Alfaro were in 
 charge of the work; co-operating with them, was Dr. Francisco J. 
 Rucavado, who afterward was also appointed commissioner. 
 
 INSTALLATION. 
 
 As to the interior of the pavilion, the plan generally adopted in 
 the arrangement of museums was followed: A large hall surrounded 
 by a gallery accessible by two staircases, placed one on each side of 
 the eastern entrance of the pavilion, as has been said; han 'some 
 glass cases, containing natural and agricultural products, arranged in 
 classified groups beneath the gallery on the main floor, in the 
 center of which rose a high graceful pyramid, formed of minerals, 
 having two others, composed of specimens of wood, placed on its 
 sides. 
 
 •The foregoing description of the building appeared in the General Catalogue of the World's 
 Columbian Exposition. 
 
 + La Gaceta, Diario Oficial. Xo. 74. March 30, 1893. 
 
COSTA RICA AT THE W0RI<D'S FAIR. 41 
 
 Each one of the corners of the main floor was occupied by glass Cases 
 containing samples of beautiful silk fabrics in the favorite colors of the 
 people of Costa Rica, in the shape of scarfs, mantillas and wraps, all 
 of which gave due credit to the industry of the counfry on account 
 of their fine workmanship. 
 
 A precious collection of gold and silver jewels, and of gold and 
 tortoise shell combined, very carefully worked throughout, alongside 
 of a complete collection of the national coins, and two of foreign 
 coins, a complete collection of bank notes, and of the national postage 
 stamps, presented one of the attractions of the exhibition. 
 
 Fishing implements and tools used in the country were exhibited, 
 and a collection of fish, preserved in alcohol, showed the varieties 
 of this product, both in salt and fresh waters. 
 
 At the northern extremity of the same floor, the aromatic 
 and delicious Costa Rican coffee was served. The space inside not 
 being large enough to accommodate the always increasing number of 
 persons drawn by the celebrity of this peerless product of Costa Rica, 
 an addition was made on the outside of the building with a capacious 
 awning covering. 
 
 At the southern extremity of the gallery was a drawing-room, 
 decorated with elegant curtains. Here were the portraits of the 
 President of the Republic, Sefior Rodriguez; of the four Secretaries 
 of the Executive, and a handsome view of the city of San Jose, the 
 capital of Costa Rica. 
 
 At the other extremity, there was a panoramic view of the steep 
 heights of the volcano of Irazu, the only place in the world from 
 which the Atlantic and the Pacific Oceans can be seen simultaneously. 
 On the principal sides of the gallery, and in glass cases arranged as 
 those on the first floor, the magnificent school exhibits of which 
 Costa Rica can be proud, were placed; sundry articles made by 
 women — among these two needle-embroidered pictures on silk; pita 
 hats (generally known as Panama hats), and different kinds of im- 
 plements, such as brushes, harnesses, saddles and other like articles, 
 as likewise sundry articles of wrought and cast iron, etc., and an ex- 
 tensive collection of photographic views of interesting places, build- 
 ings, coffee patios, machinery, railways, roads, villages and types of 
 the natives, etc. At one side of the hall, were a considerable number 
 of literary works, written by Costa Rican authors; maps, drawings. 
 
42 BUREAU OF THE AMERICAN REPUBLICS. 
 
 reports, and other official publications, which give honor to their 
 country. In this section of the exhibition, special mention is due to 
 the National Museum of Costa Rica, for the very rich and extensive 
 collection of stuffed animals, the ornithological part being very re- 
 markable and attractive. 
 
 Coffee plants, palm trees and Costa Rica orchids and flowers were 
 blended together with the national colors, forming the decoration 
 and ornamentation of the large hall. If the appearance of the un- 
 pretentious but elegant building of Costa Rica caused a very pleas- 
 ing impression when seen from the outside, the view of the interior 
 produced a real surprise on account of the magnificent tout ensemble 
 it presented to the spectator. 
 
 LIST OF THE EXHIBITS. 
 
 The exhibit of Costa Rica was characteristically a display of the 
 products of the land. Classified according to the regulations issued 
 by the Chicago Exposition, it was comprised in the following groups: 
 
 DEPARTMENT A.— Agricui,Ture. 
 
 Gkoup No. I — Wheat of various kinds, Indian corn of all vari- 
 eties, barley, rice, wheat flour, yucca flour, corn meal, bran. 
 
 Group No. 2- — Biscuits and crackers, vermicelli and maccaroni. 
 
 Group No. 3 — Cane sugar, native honey of five varieties, exotic 
 honey, confectionery. 
 
 Group No. 4 — Potatoes, sweet potatoes, yams, radishes, turnips, 
 beets, onions, peanuts, roots for starch. 
 
 Group No. 5 — Beans of twenty-three different kinds. 
 
 Group No. 6 — Prepared cocoanut. 
 
 Group No. 7 — Cheese (never came). 
 
 Group No. 8 — Coffee of various kinds and in its different grades 
 of preparation, lyiberia coffee, cacao, chocolate, pepper, cloves, anise 
 and other spices, tobacco in the leaf. 
 
 Group No 9. — Cotton, ochreous color cotton, nineteen varieties 
 of vegetable fibers, native silkworms, horse hair as a harness material. 
 
 Group No. 10. — Twenty-two different kinds of mineral waters, 
 ten different kinds of thermal waters. 
 
 Group No. ii. — Wines, rums, cognac and other spirits; cordials 
 and liquors, bitters, vinegar, chicha. 
 
COSTA RICA AT THE WORLD'S FAIR. 43 
 
 Group No. 12. — Beers, ales, porter, stout. 
 
 Group No 13. — Photographs of fences, farm buildings, farm- 
 houses, patios for drying coffee. 
 
 Group No. 15. — Statistics of coffee farms. 
 
 Group No. 16. — Coffee machinery. (See Group No. 79.) 
 
 Group No. 17. — A large collection of hides and skins of eighty- 
 two species of wild animals, tortoise shells of various kinds, fossil 
 tusks and molars of mastodons. 
 
 Group No. 18. — Animal oils of eleven kinds, whale oil, fish oil, 
 lizard oil, tortoise oil, etc., vegetable oils of seven kinds, linseed oil, 
 fig oil, palm oil, etc; soap of various classes; stearine candles, two 
 kinds. 
 
 FORESTRY — FOREST PRODUCTS. 
 
 Group No. 19. — A collection of 463 samples of different kinds of 
 wood and timber used in construction and manufactures; ornamental 
 and fancy woods, mahogany, cedar, etc. 
 
 Twenty-nine classes of dyeing, tanning and coloring plants. 
 
 Barks of various kinds; vegetable substances used for bedding and 
 upholstering. 
 
 Gums and resins of fifty different classes, vegetable wax, India 
 rubber, copal, turpentine, balsam of Peru, etc.; seeds and fruits for 
 ornamental purposes, vegetable ivory, cocoanut shells, ornamental 
 gourds, medicinal roots, sarsaparilla, herbs, barks, mosses, berries. 
 
 Baskets made of fibers. 
 
 DEPARTMENT B.— Viticulture. 
 
 Group No. 20 — Maranon wine, Coyol wine, brandy, cordials, rum 
 and cognac. 
 
 POMOLOGY. 
 
 Group No. 21 — Peaches, quinces, apricots, oranges, lemons, 
 citrons, limes, pomegranates, bananas, pineapples, guavas, mangoes, 
 papaws, tamarinds, figs, sapotillos, anonas, mammee, etc., by imita- 
 tions made in wax. Almonds, cocoanuts. Vinegar made from 
 bananas. 
 
 FLORICULTURE. 
 
 Group No. 22 — Seventy species of orchids, palms, ferns; her- 
 barium of sixty-two classified species. 
 
44 BUREAU OF THE AMERICAN REPUBLICS. 
 
 CULINARY VEGETABLES. 
 
 Group No. 23 — Thirty-seven species of beans, vetches, lentils, 
 peas, peppers, tomatoes, cucumbers, squashes, melons, eggplant, 
 etc ; beets, turnips, potatoes, sweet potatoes, cassave, yucca. 
 
 Arboriculture. 
 
 Group No. 25 — A collection of ninety ornamental trees and 
 shrubs. 
 
 DEPARTMENT C— Animals. 
 
 Group No. 34 — Collection of 692 stuffed birds of Costa Rica. 
 
 Group No. 35^ — Collection of 789 insects. 
 
 Group No. 36 — Collection of stuffed animals native to Costa Rica. 
 
 DEPARTMENT D.— Fish And Fisheries. 
 
 Group No. 37 — Collection of sponges and corals, conches and 
 shells. Specimens of marine and fresh-water fish. 
 
 Group No. 38 — Fishing gear, fishhooks, nets and seines, har- 
 poons, gaffs, etc. 
 
 Group No. 40. — Fish oil of various kinds, polished shells. 
 
 DEPARTMENT E.— Mines And Mining. 
 
 Group No. 42. — Collection of seventy-four minerals, gold and 
 silver bearing ores, gold, silver, iron, copper and lead ores; silver, 
 iron and copper bearing ores; serpentine; iron and lead ores; 
 mercury; lead and zinc ores, meteoric iron. 
 
 Group No. 43. — Lignite, tuba, etc. 
 
 Group No. 44. — Alabaster and marble; marble, black and white; 
 granite and other stones; petrified wood. 
 
 Group No. 46. — Basanite, obsidian, clay, etc., yellow marl; lab- 
 rodorit«, feldspar, etc. 
 
 Group No. 47. — Limestone, lime, carbonate of lime, carbonate of 
 lime crystallized; gypsum. 
 
 Group No. 48. — Salt, sulphate, etc., sulphate of lime, marl, 
 gypsum, etc., sulphur and pyrites, chalk, fossil shells. 
 
 Group No. 67. — Maps of the mines of Monte del Aguacate; plans 
 of the mines of Monte del Aguacate. 
 
COSTA RICA AT THE WORLD'S FAIR. 45 
 
 DEPARTMENT F.— Machinery, Etc. 
 
 Group No. 75. — Portraits and lithographic groups, maps, charts, 
 etc.; collection of diplomas, etc.; specimens of printing. 
 Group No. 79 — A machine for preparing coffee. (See group No. 16.) 
 
 DEPARTMENT G.— Transportation. 
 
 Group No. 83. — Harness, robes and accessories of the stable, 
 whips, etc.; bridle reins and bits, spurs, saddles, saddlebags, trap- 
 pings and accoutrements of horses. 
 
 Group No. 85. — Ropes, cordage. 
 
 DEPARTMENT H.— MANUFACTURES. 
 
 Group No. 87. — A collection of drugs and other preparations. 
 
 Group No. 89. — Specimens of binding, bookbinding; penholders, 
 paper cutters made of tortoise shell and gold. 
 
 Group No. 91. — Shell work, polished shells; mosaics made of 
 shells. 
 
 Group No. 92. — A collection of twelve stone urns. 
 
 Group No. 96. — Specimens of wood, carved; collection of utensils 
 made of wood, carved; silver and wood shovel used in the inaugura- 
 tion of the Costa Rica Railway to the Atlantic. 
 
 Group No. 98. — Jewelry, rings, bracelets, necklaces, charms, 
 medallions, gold covered and gilt jewelry, napkin rings, nail cleaners, 
 combs, paper knives. 
 
 Group No. loo.^Silk shawls, scarfs, wraps. 
 
 Group No. ioi. — Mats and cigar cases made of rushes, Panama 
 hats. 
 
 Group No. 104. — Cloaks, mantillas, ladies' and children's costumes, 
 boots and shoes. (The latter never came.) 
 
 Group No. 105. — Collection of furs and skins, some of them tanned. 
 
 Group No. 106. — Embroidered portraits, embroidered handker- 
 chiefs, napkins, etc. Various samples of needlework; artificial 
 flowers, trimmings of various classes. 
 
 Group No. 107. — Combs, brushes, etc. 
 
 Group No. 108. — Cigar cases, canes of ornamental woods. 
 
 Group No. no.— Vases, boxes, chessmen, fancy articles made of 
 aromatic and ornamental wood, billiard balls and cues. 
 
46 BUREAU OF THE AMERICAN REPUBLICS. 
 
 Group No. m. — Tanned leathers. (Never came.) 
 Group No. ii8. — "Wrought iron, artistic forgings. 
 
 DEPARTMENT L.— Liberai, Arts. 
 
 Group No. 149.— General and complete school exhibition, hand- 
 writing, drawing, etc., needlework, embroidery, etc. Collection of 
 text-books used in primary and higher schools, plans and photographs 
 of school buildings, annals, reports, statistics, etc. 
 
 Group No. 150. Very extensive collection of national publica- 
 tions, natural sciences, literature, history, geography, statistics, mag- 
 azines and newspapers; bindings, specimens of typography, illus- 
 trated papers, schoolbooks, government and other official publica- 
 tions, maps, etc. 
 
 Group No. 151 — Very extensive coUeclion of photographs. 
 
 Group No 152. — Hydrographic survey of the Gulf of Nicoya 
 and the harbor of Culebra; plan of the city of San Jose; plans of 
 buildings. 
 
 Group No. 153. — Reports of foreign relations; collections of post- 
 age stamps; civil and penal law of Costa Rica. 
 
 Group No. 154 — Statistics of trade and commerce; government 
 exhibit of coins, bank notes moneys, postage stamps, etc. 
 
 Group No. 158. — Musical compositions, national airs, etc. (never 
 came), guitars and bandores made of iine woods. 
 
 DEPARTMENT OF ETHNOLOGY. 
 
 The arch as, logical exhibit displayed by Costa Rica in a space of 
 one thousand feet square in he Anthropological building was of high 
 merit, scientifically, and of great actual value. It was noticeable at 
 a glance that the three thousand exhibits composing it were all orig- 
 inal and distinct, not a single reproduction being found among them. 
 
 Apart from the merits of its antiquity, an antiquity anterior to 
 the discovery of America, it may be said that the Costa Rican 
 archaeology is the link connecting the ancient specimens found 
 in the other states of Central America and the discoveries made in 
 South America. In this respect the Costa Rican archaeology presents 
 well-defined traces of two distinct civilizations, one descending 
 from the north by the Pacific coast, and the other immigrating from 
 an entirely opposite direction, from south to north, following the 
 
COSTA RICA AT THE WORLD'S FAIR. 47 
 
 temperate plains on the Atlantic side. The first is typified by the 
 ancient people called Chorotega, and the latter by the Guetares. 
 
 With very rare exceptions, a continuous series of antiquities can 
 be established along the Pacific, from the southern part of Costa 
 Rica up to the northeastern portion of Nicaragua, Nicoya being here 
 one of the principal centers of the Chorotegan civilization. 
 
 On the western side of the country, from Chiriqui up to the River 
 of San Juaii de Nicaragua, a similar distribution is noticeable, the 
 only diiFerence being that there the civilization of the Guetares 
 seems to have spread out toward the interior of the country, follow- 
 ing always the valleys alongside of the Reventazon River, up to the 
 central plateau, where it comes in contact with the Chorotegas, near 
 the Herradura volcano on the Pacific coast. 
 
 This is what these 3,000 archaeological specimens exhibited by 
 Costa Rica showed, according to Sehor Alfaro, Commissioner of 
 Archaeology. All and each one of them are perfectly well iden- 
 tified, as absolutely all have been excavated from ancient tombs 
 in certain localities, a work in which many private individuals at 
 first, and lately the National Museum, and even the government 
 directly, have spent thousands and thousands of dollars. 
 
 The typical tombs wherein these specimens of antiquity were 
 found, are illustrated by large oil paintings, reproductions of the 
 original photographs taken at the time the excavations were made 
 in several Indian burial grounds. 
 
 There was, among other paintings decorating this section, one of 
 great historical value, representing the villa of the Cacique of 
 Suerre in 1544, executed from the drawings of Jerome Benzoni, an 
 Italian soldier, who, in the same year, followed Diego Gutierrez, in 
 the expedition he undertook to conquer and pacify the Indians. 
 
 In the decoration of this Costa Rican section, one of the most 
 important of the Anthropological Building, a refined taste was notice- 
 able throughout, combined with careful order. Everything presented 
 the seal of its indigenous antiquity. The doors, the frames of the pic- 
 tures, and even the folders of the Columbian maps, show the handi- 
 craft of the old American Indian, all forming an indigenous archi- 
 tecture, extremely interesting and instructive. 
 
 Coming now into the details of the component parts of this mag- 
 nificent archaeological exhibition, it may be considered as divided 
 
48 BURE_AU OF THE AMERICAN REPUBLICS. 
 
 into three large groups. The first is that of idols and gold jewels, 
 150 in number, among which there are many that show a stage of 
 great improvement in the goldsmith's art, such, for instance, as the 
 hammered patens, many of which are composed of three superim- 
 posed sheets, so made, undoubtedly, for the purpose of giving them 
 greater solidity. Other figures present samples of perfect smelting 
 work, such as the devilkins and the small bells. Vestiges of the 
 mold and traces of the hammer can be noticed. There are also 
 many pieces of copper, and in these, the outside gilding is one of 
 the curious problems that archaeology has been as yet unable to 
 solve. 
 
 The second group is composed of objects made from volcanic stones 
 or rocks, among which there are some table-like, in the shape of 
 perforated fruit dishes, representing the work of many months, and 
 perhaps of whole years. Besides these exhibits and metates, the 
 grinding-stone for corn, there are knives and maces of porphyry, of 
 practical use to the aborigines; human and animal figures, some 
 above the natural size, sculptured, if this term can be used, by the 
 Indians, all forming an integral part of the exhibition. The orna- 
 ments of jade, a green stone highly appreciated among the natives 
 of America as well as among Eastern Asiatics, and the origin of 
 which, during many years, has been attributed to the latter, are also 
 worthy of special notice. 
 
 The third and most numerous group is composed of earthenware 
 utensils, presenting an immense variety in forms and sizes, some of 
 such remarkable artistic taste as to have deserved the praises of the 
 historians and chroniclers of the period of the Conquest. Among 
 others, the eminent historian Oviedo, referring to the Indians inhab- 
 iting the islands of the Gulf of Nicoya, wrote as follows: 
 
 In the island of Chira, plates and dishes, and also jugs, jars and other kinds of 
 vessels are manufactured; all are very elaborate, and as fine as the best black 
 velvet, and as sparkling as a very well-polished jet. And I brought along with 
 me some pieces of said crockery to this city of Santo Domingo, of the Hispani- 
 ola Island, which, so far as their beauty is concerned, might be presented to a 
 prince. And of the size and shape that the Indians are ordered to make them, 
 so they do make them. 
 
 As to its pecuniary value, the archaeological exhibit of Costa Rica 
 has been appraised at ^50,000. But these precious relics of the 
 primitive inhabitants of the country would never be sold for any 
 
COSTA RICA AT THE ■WORI;d'S FAIR. 
 
 49 
 
 amount of money, as they constitute a treasure, highly valuable, 
 each object representing, as it does, a part of the unwritten history 
 of important races that are no more. 
 
 The collections, arranged by the same commissioner of archeology, 
 Seiior Don AnastasioAlfaro, director of the National Museum of Costa 
 Rica, to whom we are indebted for this information, were exhibited 
 last year, 1892, in Madrid, Spain,.and they there obtained as awards 
 six first-class medals. Seiior Alfaro was also presented with honor- 
 able decorations. 
 
 EXPENSES, EXHIBITORS, JUDGES, AWARDS. 
 
 The expenditures of the exhibition in the Costa Rican Pavilion, includ- 
 ing the cost of the building, service and transportation, exceeded.... $100,000 
 
 And the installation of the section of archaeology , at the Anthropological 
 Building, service and transportation included, cost 10,000 
 
 Total amount |it 0,000 
 
 All the expenses were defrayed by the Government, both on ac- 
 count of the character of the exhibition, consisting, as we have seen, 
 mainly of natural products, and the desire to encourage the greatest 
 possible number of individual exhibitors. The circumstances already 
 referred to, namely the impending danger of cholera, and the conse- 
 quent uncertainty as to the possibility of holding the Exposition at all, 
 made the total number of exhibitors much smaller than it would 
 otherwise have been. 
 
 According to the official catalogue of the "World's Columbian Exposi- 
 tion, the number of the Costa Rican exhibitors was 363. Apart from 
 the Government, however, the number of individual exhibitors was, 
 in fact, only 141, some of the exhibitors being represented in several 
 different groups. 
 
 Of all the departments already mentioned, it is only in those of 
 agriculture and ethnology that Costa Rica had judges of awards. 
 They were, respectively, Seiior Don Joaquin B. Calvo and Seiior 
 Don Manuel M. Peralta, who were indicated for the positions by the 
 government of their country. Mr. Calvo was assigned to group No. 8, 
 the most laborious of the Department of Agriculture. The Depart- 
 ment of Ethnology was not divided into groups. 
 
5° 
 
 BUREAU OF THE AMERICAN REPUBI<ICS. 
 
 The following are the awards obtained by the exhibitors fuom 
 Costa Rica: 
 
 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
 
 
 GROUP NO. I. 
 
 
 Cant6n de Escazu, 
 
 San Jos^," 
 
 Wheat. 
 
 Cant6u de Santo Domingo, 
 
 Heredia, 
 
 Wheat. 
 
 Cant6n de Paraiso, 
 
 Cartago, 
 
 Wheat. 
 
 Cartago, 
 
 Cartago, 
 
 Barley. 
 
 Zarcero, 
 
 Alajuela, 
 
 Barley. 
 
 San Pedro Calabaza, 
 
 Alajuela, 
 
 Indian Corn. 
 
 Yalle de San Carlos, 
 
 Alajuela, 
 
 Rice. 
 
 Turrucares, 
 
 Alajuela, 
 
 Rice. 
 
 Piedras Negras, 
 
 San Jos^, 
 
 GROUP NO. 3. 
 
 Rice. 
 
 Federico Tinoco, 
 
 Alajuelita, 
 
 Cane Sugar, Verbena, 
 
 Santa Ana, 
 
 Cant6n de Mora, 
 
 Concrete Molasses, 
 
 Pio J. Fernandez, 
 
 Grecia, 
 
 Cane Sugar. 
 
 Ricardo Pfau, 
 
 San Pedro del 
 Moj6n, 
 
 Honey Exotic. 
 
 Provincia de Cartago, 
 
 GROUP NO. 4. 
 Costa Rica, Vegetables. 
 
 Canton de Liberia, 
 
 GROUP NO. 5. 
 Guanacaste, Beans. 
 
 
 GROUP NO. i 
 
 5. 
 
 Francisco Peralta, 
 
 San Jose, 
 
 Coffee. 
 
 Tournon &Co., 
 
 San Jose, 
 
 Cofifee. 
 
 San Pedro del Moj6n, 
 
 San Jos^, 
 
 Coffee 
 
 Narciso Esquivel, 
 
 San Jose, 
 
 Coffee. 
 
 Cant6n de Tres Rios, 
 
 Cartago, 
 
 Coffee 
 
 Cant6n de Aserri, 
 
 San Jos^, 
 
 Cofifee, 
 
 Gregorio C. Quesada, 
 
 Palmares, 
 
 Cofifee. 
 
 J. M. R., 
 
 Palmares, 
 
 Cofifee. 
 
 Rafael M. Nora, 
 
 Palmares, 
 
 Cofifee, 
 
 J. G. L., 
 
 Palmares, 
 
 Cofifee. 
 
 J. J. Morera, 
 
 Palmares, 
 
 Cofifee. 
 
COSTA RICA AT THE WORLD'S FAIR. 
 
 51 
 
 Felix Vargas, 
 
 Palmares, 
 
 Co£Fee. 
 
 J. M. Rodriguez, 
 
 Palmares, 
 
 CoflFee. 
 
 C. H. S. Taras, 
 
 San Nicolas, 
 
 Coffee. 
 
 L. Robles, 
 
 Navarro, 
 
 Coffee. 
 
 J.H., 
 
 Cartago, 
 
 Coffee. 
 
 P. A. Badilla, 
 
 Heredia, 
 
 Coffee. 
 
 J. R. R. Troyo&Co., 
 
 Cartago, 
 
 Coffee. 
 
 Jos6 Hidalgo, 
 
 Naranjo, 
 
 Coffee. 
 
 Alberto Saenz, 
 
 Heredia, 
 
 Coffee. 
 
 Municipio Naranjo, 
 
 Naranjo, 
 
 Coffee. 
 
 J. M. Solera, 
 
 Heredia, 
 
 Coffee. 
 
 Antonio Vargas, 
 
 Grecia, 
 
 Coffee. 
 
 David Guzmdu, 
 
 Cachi, 
 
 Coffee. 
 
 Distrito de Orosi, 
 
 Cartago, 
 
 Coffee. 
 
 Cant6n de Santo Domingo, 
 
 Heredia, 
 
 Coffee. 
 
 Fernando Garcia, 
 
 Cartago, 
 
 Coffee. 
 
 N. Corrales, 
 
 Naranjo, 
 
 Coffee. 
 
 Santiago Alvardo, 
 
 San Jos^, 
 
 Coffee. 
 
 Manuel Sandoval, 
 
 Alajuela, 
 
 Coffee. 
 
 Otto von Schroter, 
 
 San Jos^, 
 
 Coffee. 
 
 A. and F. Gallardo, 
 
 San Josd, 
 
 Coffee. 
 
 Silverio Quiroz, 
 
 San Ram6n, 
 
 Coffee. 
 
 Jesds Cruz, 
 
 San Rani6n, 
 
 Coffee. 
 
 Juan Dent, 
 
 El Mojon, 
 
 Coffee. 
 
 Jes<is Alfaro, 
 
 San Yincente, 
 
 Coffee, 
 
 Federico Tinoco, 
 
 La Verbena, 
 
 Coffee. 
 
 A. E. Jimenez, 
 
 La Uruca, 
 
 Coffee. 
 
 Ricardo Montealegre, 
 
 Las Pavas, 
 
 Coffee. 
 
 Virginia B. de Jimenez, 
 
 La Uruca, 
 
 Coffee. 
 
 Emanuel Jimenez, 
 
 La Uruca, 
 
 Coffee. 
 
 Jos^ Quiroz, 
 
 San Juan, 
 
 Coffee. 
 
 Teodoro H. Mangel, 
 
 San Jos4, 
 
 Coffee. 
 
 Francisco Orlich, 
 
 San Ram6n, 
 
 Coffee. 
 
 Eduado Sell, 
 
 San Ram6n, 
 
 Coffee. 
 
 Fabian Esquivel, 
 
 San Jos6, 
 
 Coffee. 
 
 Teodosio Castro, 
 
 San Jos^, 
 
 Coffee. 
 
 Jos^ A. Coronado, 
 
 San Jos6, 
 
 Coffee. 
 
 Juan Jenkins, 
 
 Atenas, 
 
 Coffee. 
 
 Barrio de Guadalupe, 
 
 San Jos6. 
 
 Coffee. 
 
 Juan Vte. Acosta, 
 
 Grecia, 
 
 Coffee. 
 
 Ram6n N. Gonzales, 
 
 Palmares, 
 
 Coffee. 
 
 Manuel Zamora, 
 
 Heredia, 
 
 Coffee. 
 
 ]os6 Zamora, 
 
 San Ram6n, 
 
 Coffee. 
 
 Rafael Canas, 
 
 Matina, 
 
 Cocoa. 
 
52 
 
 BUREAU OF THE AMERICAN REPUBLICS. 
 
 GROUP NO. 9. 
 
 Cartago, 
 
 Guanacaste, 
 
 Talamanca, 
 
 GROUP NO. 10. 
 
 San Carlos, 
 Costa Rica, 
 
 San Jose, 
 Miravalles, 
 
 GROUP NO. II. 
 
 San Jos6, 
 Fdbrica Nacional de Licores, San Jose, 
 
 GROUP NO. 12. 
 B. Felice & Co., San Jose, 
 
 GROUP NO. 16. 
 
 Augusto Gallardo, 
 
 Cant6n de Paraiso, 
 Cant6n de I,iberia, 
 Regi6n de Talamanca, 
 
 San Carlos, 
 Province of Cartago, 
 
 Cant6n de Escasu, 
 Volcan Miravalles, 
 
 Dr. David J. Guznidn, 
 
 Government of Costa Rica, 
 
 City of San Jose, 
 Fabrica del Aguila, 
 Jos^ Velazquez, 
 
 Government of Costa Rica, 
 Government of Costa Rica, 
 
 San ]os6, 
 
 GROUP NO. 17. 
 San Jose, 
 
 GROUP NO. 18. 
 
 San Jose, 
 San Jos^, 
 San Jose, 
 
 San Jos^, 
 San Jose, 
 
 Collection of Fibers. 
 Agave Fibers. 
 Carludovica Palmata. 
 
 Thermal Water. 
 Thermal Water of San Fran- 
 cisco. 
 Sulphur Water of Santa Ana. 
 Mineral Water of Rosa Verde. 
 
 Whisky. 
 
 Cordial, Rum and Cognac. 
 
 Black Beer. 
 
 Coffee Machinery. 
 
 Skins of wild animals tanned 
 and dried. 
 
 Oils (animal and vegetable). 
 Stearine Candles of El Aguila. 
 Stearine Candles of La Jos^- 
 
 fina. 
 Collection of medicinal plants. 
 Collection of oils. 
 
 FORESTRY, FOREST PRODUCTS. 
 GROUP NO. 19. 
 
 San Carlos, 
 
 Cant6n de Liberia, 
 Cant6n de Nicoya, 
 Valle de San Carlos, 
 Caut6n de Golfo Dulce, 
 
 Sau Carlos, Collections of coloring plants 
 
 and barks. 
 Guanacaste, Collections of gums and resins. 
 
 Guanacaste, Collections of gums and resins. 
 
 Alejuela, Collections of gums and resins. 
 
 Puntarenas, Collections of gums and resins. 
 
COSTA RICA AT THE WORLD'S FAIR. 
 
 53 
 
 Cant6n de Puriscal, San Jos^, 
 
 Francisco Yalverde, Heredia, 
 
 iviiguel Pugnot, San Josd, 
 
 Government of Costa Rica, San Jos^, 
 
 Collections of gums and resins. 
 
 Collection of hard and orna- 
 mental woods. 
 
 Mosaic collection of orna- 
 mental woods. 
 
 Collection of building cabinets 
 and dye woods. 
 
 DEPARTMENT OF FLORICULTURE. 
 GROUP NO. 22. 
 
 Costa Rica Government, San Jos6, Collection of plants. 
 
 DEPARTMENT OF ANIMALS. 
 
 GROUP NO. 34. 
 
 Museo Nacional de Costa Rica, San Jos^, 
 Abelardo Borges, Alajuela, 
 
 Collection of birds. 
 Butterflies of Costa Rica, Album. 
 
 DEPARTMENT OF FISH AND FISHERIES. 
 
 GROUP NO. 37. 
 
 Government of Costa Rica, San Jos^, Shells. 
 
 GROUP NO. 38. 
 Government of Costa Rica, San ]os6, Implements for fishing. 
 
 DEPARTMENT OF MINES AND MINING. 
 
 GROUP NO. 42. 
 
 Mina Gautilar, Puntarenas, Auriferous quartz from Gau- 
 
 tilar. 
 Campania Monte Aguacate, Alajuela, Gold and Silver Ores. 
 
 Government of Costa Rica. San Jos^, Collection of 74 Mineral Ores. 
 
 GROUP NO. 44. 
 
 Government of Costa Rica, San Jose, Building, Stone, Marble, Ser- 
 
 pentine, etc. 
 
 DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION. 
 GROUP NO. 83. 
 
 Santiago Calvo, 
 Cant6n de Bagaces, 
 Provincia de Cartago, 
 
 San Jos6, 
 
 Guanacaste, 
 
 Cartago, 
 
 Saddle. 
 
 Horse Hair Halters, etc. 
 
 Saddle bags made of fiber. 
 
54 
 
 BUREAU OF THE AMERICAN REPUBLICS. 
 
 DEPARTMENT OF MANUFACTURES. 
 
 Jos^ J. Jimenez, 
 Carlos D. Brenes, 
 Le6u H. Santos, 
 Josg F. Tristan, 
 Macial Alpizar, 
 Jos^ M. Ugalde, 
 Enrique Iglesias, 
 D. J. Guzmiu, 
 Dr. G. Michaud, 
 
 Francisco Valverde, 
 G. & B. Quesada, 
 
 Andres del Valle, 
 Jose Angulo, 
 Julio del Valle, 
 Ram6n Ortiz, 
 S. Federici, 
 Antonio Aguilar, 
 Doiia Ines Mencia, 
 Jos^ Angulo, 
 
 Federico Velarde, 
 Fdbrica Herediana, 
 
 Elisa F. de Duran, 
 Catalina Fournier, 
 
 Foundry of San Josd, 
 
 GROUP NO. 87, 
 
 San Jos^, 
 San Jos^, 
 San Jos^, 
 San ]os6, 
 San Jos^, 
 San Jos^, 
 San Jos^, 
 San Jos€, 
 San Jos^, 
 
 GROUP NO. 96. 
 Heredia, 
 
 San Jos^, 
 
 GROUP NO. 98. 
 
 San ]os6, 
 Puntarenas, 
 Cartago, 
 San Jos^, 
 La Union, 
 Puntarenas, 
 Puntarenas, 
 Puntarenas, 
 
 GROUP NO. 100. 
 
 Heredia, 
 Heredia, 
 
 GROUP NO. io5. 
 
 San Jos^, 
 San Jos^, 
 
 GROUP NO. 118. 
 San Jos^, 
 
 Drugs and other preparations. 
 Drugs and other preparations. 
 Drugs and other preparations. 
 Drugs and other preparations. 
 Drugs and other preparations. 
 Drugs and other preparations. 
 Drugs and other preparations. 
 Drugs and other preparations. 
 Chemical products. 
 
 Several samples of carved 
 wood. 
 
 Silver shovel used in the inau- 
 guration of the Atlantic Rail- 
 road of Costa Rica. 
 
 Gold ornaments for the person. 
 
 Gold ornaments for the person . 
 
 Gold ornaments for the person. 
 
 Gold ornaments for the person. 
 
 Ornaments. 
 
 Gold covered ornaments. 
 
 Tortoise shells. 
 
 Gold covered ornaments. 
 
 Silk Shawls. 
 Silk Shawls. 
 
 Embroidered handkerchiefs. 
 Embroidered portraits. 
 
 Wrought Iron, Artistic Forging. 
 
 DEPARTMENT OF LIBERAL ARTS. 
 
 GROUPS NOS. 149 AND I50. 
 
 Joaquin B. Calvo, San Jos6, Geography, Statistics and His- 
 
 Inspector General of Public tory. 
 
 Education, San Jos^, Statistics and other data. 
 
COSTA RICA AT THE WORLD'S FAIR. 
 
 55 
 
 Department of Education, 
 Museo Nacional, 
 Ricardo Fernandez, 
 Juan F. Ferraz, 
 Government of Costa Rica, 
 Vincente Lines, 
 Imprenta Nacioual, 
 Direcci6n de Estadistica, 
 
 Direcci6n de Estadistica, 
 IvOrenzo Montufar, 
 Manuel M. Peralta, 
 
 Rudd & Paynter, 
 E. Fradin, 
 Francisco Valiente, 
 
 San Jos^, 
 San Jose, 
 San Jose, 
 San Jos^, 
 San Jos6, 
 San Jos^, 
 San Jos^, 
 San Jos6, 
 
 San Jos^, 
 Guatemala, 
 Madrid, Spain, 
 
 Photographs. 
 
 Annals del Museo Nacional. 
 
 History of Costa Rica, etc. 
 
 Collection of Mexican Words. 
 
 Pamphlets. 
 
 Almanacs. 
 
 Official Publications. 
 
 Census Reports of Republic of 
 
 Costa Rica. 
 Census of Costa Rica, 1892. 
 Walker in Central America. 
 Books, Publications, Atlas, 
 
 Maps. 
 
 GROUP NO. 151. 
 
 San Jos^, 
 San Jos6, 
 San Jos^, 
 
 Photographs. 
 Hydrographic Surveying 
 Photographs. 
 
 GROUP NO. 153. 
 Government of Costa Rica, San Jos^, Postage stamps, coins, etc. 
 
 GROUP NO. 158. 
 Maximo Morales, San Jos^, Mandolin, Ornamental Woods. 
 
 DEPARTMENT OF ETHNOLOGY 
 
 Julio de Arellano, San Jos^, 
 
 Anastasio Alfaro, San Jos^, 
 
 Dolores Pacheco de Troyo, Cartago, 
 Museo Nacional de Costa Rica, San Jose, 
 
 Right Rev. Bishop Bernardo San Jos6, 
 
 A. Thiel, 
 
 Francisco Montero Barrantes, San Jos^, 
 
 Ministerio de Fomento, San Jos^, 
 
 Musical instruments made of 
 clay. 
 
 Catalogue of ArchsEological 
 Collection at Madrid, 1892. 
 
 Grinding stone and stone stat- 
 ues from ancient graves. 
 
 Gold, idols, jewels, ornaments 
 found in ancient graves, 
 household utensils, etc. 
 
 Household utensils of aborig- 
 ines, etc. 
 
 History and geography. 
 
 Paintings, maps of Costa Rica, 
 etc. 
 
5 6 BUREAU OF THE AMEKICAN REPUBLICS. 
 
 RECAPITULATION. 
 
 Number of exhibitors, according to the Official Catalogue 36^ 
 
 This number is represented as follows — 
 
 By the government of Costa Rica 205 
 
 By individual exhibitors i';8 
 
 Total 
 
 Individual exhibitors 141 
 
 Represented in various groups 17 
 
 Total 158 
 
 Number of awards 160 
 
 These awards were made as follows — 
 
 To the government of Costa Rica 56 
 
 To individual exhibitors 104 
 
 Total 160 
 
 GIFTS FOR AMERICAN INSTITUTIONS. 
 
 At the conclusion of the Fair, most of the Costa Ricau exhibits, those of ..rch- 
 aeology excepted, were presented to various American institutions. Tl 
 mission, not being able to comply with the numerous applications receivta ,, 
 many places of the United States, and from abroad, and not wishing to b;^-.. 
 the collections, decided to make a distribution of them as follows: 
 To the Smithsonian Institution, "Washington, D. C. : 
 
 A large collection of stuffed animals native to Costa Rica. 
 To the Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C. : 
 
 A collection of fifty-four varieties of fibers. 
 To the University of Pennsylvania : 
 A valuable collection, embracing eighty-seven specimens of ancient potterv, 
 Indian arrows, bow, stafi" and pellett blow gun ; besides, two large sho 
 cases and four smaller ones. 
 To the city of Philadelphia for its museums : 
 All natural products, agricultural, forestal, mineral, as above descri' 
 enty-eight skins, fishing implements, wmes, liquors, oils, etc. * 
 of national books, the entire educational exhibit — text books, prcc 
 etc. A collection of silk and cotton fabrics, a collection of P" 
 a collection of utensils made of wood, carved, castings fro 1 *r 
 models of pieces' of statuary, a large collection of photoijra . 
 and flags, and eight large show cases. 
 To the Northwestern University of Chicago : 
 
 A collection of plants, roots, barks and seeds. 
 To the Columbian Museum of Chicago : 
 
 Twenty large show cases and twelve fine stone urns with a relief 1 ^ .on : 
 
 "Costa Rica en Chicago," as a souvenir of its participation at tli: vVorld's 
 Columbian Exposition. 
 
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