CORNELL 
 
 UNIVERSITY 
 
 LIBRARY 
 
 THIS BOOK IS ONE OF A 
 COLLECTION MADE BY 
 
 BENNO LOEWY 
 1854-1919 
 
 AND BEQUEATHED TO 
 CORNELL UNIVERSITY 
 
Cornell University Library 
 N5055.B86 L9 1883 
 
 Luther exhibition, 1883 in the Grenvill 
 
 olin 
 
 3 1924 030 640 902 
 
Cornell University 
 Library 
 
 The original of tiiis book is in 
 tine Cornell University Library. 
 
 There are no known copyright restrictions in 
 the United States on the use of the text. 
 
 http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924030640902 
 
BKITISH MUSEUM. 
 
 LUTHER EXHIBITION, 1883, 
 
 GEENVILLE LIBEARY, 
 
 ARRANGED BV 
 
 O. BULLBN, B\S.A., 
 
 KEEPER OF THE DEPARTMENT OF PRINTED BOOKS. 
 
 PRINTED BOOKS, MANDSCRIPTS, PORTRAITS, 
 AND MEDALS 
 
 ILLUSTRATING THE 
 
 LIFE OF MARTIN LUTHER, 
 
 WITH 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH. 
 
 SECOND EDITION, 
 
 WIT'S CORRECTIONS AND ADDITIONS; 
 INCLUDING A FACSIMILE OF THE INDULGENCE SOLD BY TETZEL. 
 
 1883. 
 
 PBIOE FOUR PENCE. 
 
LONDON: 
 PRINTKD HY W'lI^LIAM CI.OWES AND SONS, Limited, 
 
 STAMFOUU STUI^KT AND CllAUlKU (JUU£>B, 
 
LUTHER EXHIBITION. 
 
 INTEODUCTION. 
 
 The Luther Exhibition ia the British Museum has its origin 
 in a suggestion made by Dr. Ginsburg, the eminent Hebrew 
 scholar, to Mr. Bond, the Principal Librarian, that, simul- 
 taneously with the celebration in Germany of the Fourth 
 Centenary of Luther's birth-year, which has attracted so much 
 notice and sympathy in this country, there should be a special 
 Exhibition formed of a selection from the numerous books, 
 pamphlets, and broad-sides, contained in the Museum, as also 
 of the interesting MSS., portraits and medals, illustrative of 
 the career of the great German Eeformer. Mr. Bond at once 
 cordially adopted this suggestion, as did also Mr. BuUen, the 
 Keeper of the Printed Books, and the other Heads of the 
 Departments interested, and it was resolved that the Exhibition 
 should take place in the Grenville Library, the first room on 
 the right from the entrance hall. 
 
 For the better understanding of the objects in this Exhi- 
 bition, it may be useful to mention briefly the following chief 
 occurrences in Luther's life. 
 
 Born at Eisleben, in Saxony, on the 10th November, 1483, 
 Martin Luther was the son of Hans Luther, a miner and a 
 worker in metals. He received a good elementary education, 
 first at Mansfeld and afterwards at Eisenach, where he was 
 befriended by a lady named Ursula Cotta, wife of the Burgo- 
 master of Eisenach, who noticed that the boy had a fine voice 
 and a considerable taste for music, in which he afterwards 
 became a proficient. At the age of eighteen he was sent to 
 the University of Erfurt, where his father desired that he 
 should study law; but Luther himself preferred philosophy, 
 to which he gave his particular attention, and was afterwards 
 attracted to the study of theology. His favourite reading was 
 'fS' A 2 
 
4 LUTHEK EXHIBITION. 
 
 tKe Latin Bible, of which there was a copy in the Vulgate 
 translation in the college library. In the year 1505, after a 
 severe illness, reflecting upon the vanity of worldly pursuits, 
 lie resolved to adopt the religious life, and asked to be admitted 
 to the Convent of Augustinian Friars at Erfurt. Here he 
 was willingly received, and during his noviciate distinguished 
 himself by the rigour of his mortifications. In due time he 
 became a member of the Order, and was ordained priest. 
 Staupitz, Vicar-General of the Order, took much notice of the 
 young friar, admiring his zeal and assiduity; and, believing 
 that -he had a capacity for teaching, recommended him to be 
 made Professor of Philosophy in the University of Wittenberg, 
 then recently founded by the Elector, Frederick the Wise, 
 It was by Staupitz, to whom Luther confided many of his 
 inmost thoughts, that he was introduced to the works of 
 Tauler and the "Theologia Germanica," which greatly 
 influenced his views of the spiritual life. Luther received the 
 appointment of Professor in 1508, and studied Latin and Greek 
 more profoundly in order the better to qualify himself for his 
 office. His lectures were well attended, but theology being his 
 peculiar bent, he was allowed to lecture on the Holy Scriptures, 
 and likewise to exercise his talent as a preacher. His sermons 
 attracted great notice, and the Augustinians were justly proud 
 of him. In 1510 he was sent into Italy on business connected 
 with the Order. When at Eome he visited the various 
 churches, but was much disappointed with the manner in which 
 the Holy Services were conducted, and the general lack of 
 devotion in the clergy. He began also to spy out some of 
 those abuses in the Church which he afterwards so fervently 
 denounced. In 1512 Luther was made Doctor of Theology ; 
 and the fame of his preaching, as well as of his knowledge 
 of the classics, to which he now added some acquaintance with 
 Hebrew, spread far and wide. In his own Order he was made 
 Provincial Vicar, during the temporary absence of Staupitz, 
 and signalised himself by the reformation of abuses in the 
 Severn! monasteries which he visited. It was during this 
 period of his life that Luther's friendship with George Burck- 
 ard, better known as Georgius Spalatinus or Spalatin, began, 
 a friendship which from the official position of Spalatinus 
 
LUTHER EXHIBITION. 
 
 as Secretary and Court Chaplain to Frederick the Wise, 
 Elector of Saxony, afterwards proved of great use to the 
 Reformer and his adherents. It is from Luther's correspond- 
 ence with Spalatinus that a great deal of information respecting 
 his life and mental progress is derived. 
 
 Thus time went on until the year 1517, when one Tetzel, 
 a Dominican friar, made himself notorious as the agent 
 for the sale of an Indulgence, issued by Pope Leo X., for 
 the re-building of St. Peter's at Home. Indulgences had 
 previously been sold on occasions of crusades, jubilees, etc., 
 but never with so much assurance as Tetzel displayed. 
 Luther, indignant at such a traffic and the manner in which 
 it was carried on, and deeply impressed with the doctrine 
 of justification by faith alone, seized the opportunity to de- 
 nounce altogether the practice of issuing such Indulgences, 
 and the power of even the Pope himself to dispense them. 
 He embodied his views in ninety-five Theses, which he 
 caused to be printed, and he affixed a copy of the same to the 
 door of the Castle Church at Wittenberg, offering to maintain 
 them in the University against Tetzel, or any other opponent. 
 At the same time he enclosed to the Archbishop of Mentz and 
 Magdeburg a copy of the Tlieses, since it was by the authority 
 of the Archbishop that the Indulgences were issued. There is 
 a copy of the Indulgence sold by Tetzel, as well as of Luther's 
 Theses, in the present Exhibition. 
 
 The progress of Luther's mind, as of that of all great men, 
 in breaking away from their early prejudices, was gradual. 
 At first his notions even on the subject of Indulgences were 
 very indistinct, and he only put them forth as things to be dis- 
 puted about. He expressed his readiness to submit to the Pope 
 and reverse his propositions if proved contrary to Scripture. 
 
 In 1518 Luther, against the advice of his friends, attended 
 a Chapter General of the Augustinian Order at Heidelberg, 
 where he was well received by Wolfgang, brother of the 
 Elector Palatine, who had been a pupil of CEcolampadius. 
 Here he held a disputation on justification, works and faith, in 
 the Augustinian Convent, in the presence of a large crowd of 
 persons, among whom were Martin Bucer and John Brentius. 
 Shortly after this Luther addressed a letter to Leo X., couched 
 
b LUTHER EXHIBITION. 
 
 in the most humble and respectful terms, in which, while 
 declaring his inability to retract any of his statements respect- 
 ing indulgences, he shows very plainly his. unwillingness to 
 separate from the Church. This letter was printed with his 
 " Eesolutiones disputationum de Indulgentiarum virtute," 
 after the dedicatory epistle to Staupitz. 
 
 ,In the same year Luther was summoned to appear before 
 Cardinal Cajetan at Augsburg, to be examined by him on the 
 subject of his Theses. Luther appeared before him on four 
 several occasions, when, in reply to his arguments, the Cardinal's 
 only answer was, "Eecant!" Seeing that this was his manner 
 of treatment, Luther secretly withdrew from Augsburg and re- 
 turned to Wittenberg, whence he appealed to a General Council 
 in a document of considerable length (dated 28th November, 
 1518), a copy of which, printed on a single sheet, is exhibited 
 side by side with the Indulgence and Theses. In 1519 he took 
 part in the discussion at Leipsic, between his disciple Carolstadt 
 or Carlstadt (Andrew Bodenstein) and the celebrated Dr. John 
 Ecb, at that time the foremost theologian in Germany, Luther 
 bein,g accompanied on the occasion by his young friend and 
 companion Melanchthon. As, usual in such circumstances, the 
 discussion ended without any agreement being come to between 
 the disputants. 
 
 In the same year, Charles Miltitz, a Saxon knight, was sent 
 as legate to the Elector Frederick of Saxony to present to him 
 the Golden Eose, and to attempt to induce him to change his 
 conduct towards Luther. In this he was unsuccessful, and 
 turned his attention first to Tetzel, whom he severely rebuked 
 for his abuses in the matter of indulgences, and afterwards to 
 Luther himself, with whom he held several fruitless conferences, 
 which however were conducted by the Legate in so friendly 
 a spirit that Luther says of them, " It is my judgment that if 
 the friends of the Papacy and the Pope himself had treated 
 me in this manner at first, matters would never have come to 
 so great a rupture." 
 
 In June 1520, the Pope issued a Bull of Excommunication, 
 against Luther, condemning his tenets, and commanding that 
 his works should be burnt. This Bull was brought to Leipsic 
 by John Eck, and published there in the following October. 
 
LUTHER EXHIBITION. 7 
 
 It was posted up in the various German towns, but in many 
 capes was torn down by students and others. Luther liimpeif 
 wrote a pamphlet in answer to it, and the University of Erfurt 
 upheld him in another pamphlet entitled " Intimatio Erphur- 
 diana pro Martino Luther." On the 10th December 1520, 
 Luther, at the head of a procession of professors and stirdents 
 of Wittenberg, solemnly carried the Bull to the market-place 
 of the town and burnt it in a bonfire which had been lighted by 
 one of the professors. His second appeal to a General Council 
 had been disregarded before he took this great step of defiance. 
 Early in 1521 Luther was cited to appear before the Diet of 
 Worms to answer to the charges against him. At this Diet, 
 which was presided over by the Emperor Charles V., then 
 only twenty years of age, Jerome Aleander, the I'apal Nuncio 
 (afterwards a Cardinal), defended at great length in an eloquent 
 speech the Bull of Leo X. against Luther. His purpose seems 
 to have been to persuade the Diet to condemn Luther un- 
 heard. Li this, however, he was unsuccessful, and in April 1521, 
 Luther, accompanied by several friends, among whom was 
 Jodocus or Justus Jonas, then a canon of Wittenberg, and 
 afterwards one of his most intimate companions, made what 
 amounted almost to a triumphal progress from Wittenberg to 
 Wornis. The Elector of Saxony had obtained a safe conduct 
 for him from the Emperor, under the protection of which he 
 appeared before the Diet on the 16th April. Being interro- 
 gated as to his authorship of the various books and pamphlets 
 brought in evidence against him, he avowed that he was the 
 writer, and being asked whether he would consent to retract 
 them, refused to do so, unless it should be proved by Holy 
 Scripture that he was wrong in his opinions. He concluded 
 his defence with the memorable words— words which may now 
 be read at the foot of his statue at Worms — " Ich kann nicht 
 anderst, hie stehe ich, Gott belff mir, Amen:" "I cannot 
 do otherwise ; here stand I, God help me, Amen." All were 
 amazed at his boldness. Even the Emperor himself is said 
 to have admired his intrepidity. Nevertheless, on the follow- 
 ing day he declared that he would not hear him further, but 
 dismiss him as a heretic, to be so dealt with afterwards, when 
 his safe conduct should have expired. It is said that Charles V. 
 
8 LUTHEE EXHIBITION. 
 
 in his retreat at the Monastery , of Yuste, many years after- 
 wards regretted his observance of this safe conduct. 
 
 Luther accordingly left Worms as if to return to Witten- 
 berg, but en his way was caught up by some agents of his 
 protector, the Elector of Saxony, and conveyed by them to the 
 solitary Castle of Wartburg, situated on a mountain near the 
 town of Eisenach, where the Elector thought that he might be 
 safe from the malice of his enemies. There Luther abode for 
 nearly a year in seclusion, passing under the name of "Junker 
 Georg," and dressing in accordance with his assumed title; 
 with beard and moustache, and wearing a sword. He used to 
 tate long walks away from the castle, and sometimes even 
 went hunting. He found occasional opportunities to com- 
 municate with his friends, some of whom actually visited him 
 at the castle. His serious occupation, however, was the trans- 
 lation of the New Testament into German, of which the first 
 edition was published in Sept. 1522. Occasionally he had fits of 
 depression or of overwrought excitement, during which he 
 believed himself to be engaged in personal conflicts with Satan, 
 and once threw an inkstand at the arch-enemy. The inkstand 
 was shattered, but the marks of the ink are still shown, together 
 with other relics of the Reformer, by the custodian of the castle. 
 
 At a convenient season Luther returned to Wittenberg, 
 where his presence was much needed, owing to dissensions 
 among his followers, principally caused by his quondam 
 disciple Carlstadt, who, with some of his adherents, had 
 broken up the images in the Church of All Saints, and pro- 
 posed likewise to banish all books from the University Library 
 except the Bible. Luther rebuked him for his intemperate 
 conduct and language, and Cai'lstadt retorted by calling him 
 an idolater for believing in the Eeal Presence. He also 
 denounced him as a flatterer of Princes. There was no possi- 
 bility of a reconciliation between them ; and at last Carlstadt 
 was banished from Saxony by the Elector as a seditious person, 
 and betook himself to Zwingli in Switzerland. 
 
 On the departure of Carlstadt there was aii interval of 
 peace, during which Luther was recognised as the moving 
 spirit of the Reformation : and lie and his friend Melanchthou 
 set themselves to abolish old abuses and correct new excesses. 
 
LUTHEK EXHIBITION. 9 
 
 They had not proceeded far, however, when the Peasant War 
 in Germany broke out in 1524, fomented chiefly by a fanatic 
 named Miintzer, who deemed that the Reformation meant not 
 only a correction of abuses in the Church, but a total upheaval 
 of the social fabric. Men were to be all equal, and henceforth 
 there were to be no poor, since the riches of the rich were to 
 be applied to the relief of their poorer brethren. This was a 
 terrible crisis in the history of the Reformation. At first 
 Luther, who sympathised always with the sufferings of the 
 poor, besought the Princes to redress the grievances of the 
 people, at the same time that he urged the latter to observe 
 moderation in their demands. Tliis interference, however, 
 was scouted by both parties, until at length he threw his 
 entire influence into the cause of order, seeing the necessity of 
 quelling rebellion at whatever cost. Thousands of lives were 
 lost on both sides during this insurrection, which was finally 
 quelled, and a bloody retribution exacted from the vanquished. 
 
 In 1525, Luther, having completely broken with the Papacy, 
 married an ex-nun, Catharine von Bora, with whom he lived in 
 happy domesticity until the end of his days. She was one 
 of nine nuns who had left the Cistercian convent of Nimptsch 
 on the Mulda, in Saxony, and had thrown themselves upon 
 the hospitality of Luther. In the same year his first protector, 
 Frederick III., called the Wise, Elector of Saxony, died, and 
 was succeeded by John, called the Constant. Frederick the 
 Wise had never professed a complete adherence to the doc- 
 trines of Luther, but with the new Elector it was different. 
 He embraced Lutheranism in its widest extent, and openly 
 avowed himself as its champion. Philip, Landgrave of Hesse, 
 also declared himself as Luther's firm friend and supporter. 
 Others of the German Princes followed their example ; as, 
 namely, Philip of Brunswick-Grubenhagen; Otho, Ernest, and 
 Francis, of Luneburg ; Henry of Mecklenburg ; Wolfgang of 
 Anhalt ; Gebhard and Albert of Mansfeld ; and the Margrave 
 of Brandenburg ; also the City of Magdeburg. These all 
 entered into a league for mutual support in the year 1526. 
 
 In 1529 a Diet was convened at Spires, at the instigation of 
 the Court of Rome, to carry out the decisions of the Diet of 
 Worms. The advocates of Luther, however, at this Diet were 
 
10 LUTHER EXHIBITION. 
 
 too strong for their opponents ; a decree was placed before the 
 Diet, to which the reformed princes and deputies objected, and 
 drew up a formal Protestation against it ; whence it is that the 
 upholders of the Eeformation have been, since that time, 
 termed " Protestants." 
 
 In the same year a friendly conference between Luther and 
 Zwingli on the subject of the doctrine of the Lord's Supper was 
 arranged by the Landgrave of Hesse. This took place at 
 Marburg, where Luther and Melanchthon on the side of tlie 
 doctrine of Consubstantiation argued for several days against 
 Zwingli and CEcolampadius. The views of Zwingli may be 
 best expressed in his own words, "The Sacraments do not 
 confer grace, but are public testimonies to the Church of the 
 previous existence of grace," and he excluded any sort of 
 Eeal Presence. The leaders of both sides parted in the most 
 friendly spirit, but without either conceding a single hair's- 
 breadth to the other on this particular subject ; though on other 
 points they came to an agreement which was embodied in the 
 document known as the Marburg Articles, a copy of which is 
 shown in the present exhibition. 
 
 In 1530 there was held another Diet, that of Augsburg, 
 presided over by the Emperor Charles V. in person, at which 
 was read the famous " Augsburg Confession," composed by 
 Philip Melanchthon, with the approval of Luther, at the 
 request of the general body of German Reformers. 
 
 While all this was going on, Luther was not idle, either in the 
 pulpit or with his pen, as the numerous sermons and treatises 
 issued by him amply testify. The latest collected edition of 
 his German works in the British Museum consists of as many 
 as sixty-seven volumes octavo. Such incessant labour must 
 have told severely upon a constitution even as hardy as his 
 was. Year by year, however, he had the gratification of seeing 
 his principles more widely spread, and the Protestant party 
 more firmly knit together. In 1531 there was established the 
 Union of Schmalcald, followed by the Pacification of Nurem- 
 berg, which was ratified by the Diet of Eatisbon in 1532. 
 Luther took advantage of this lull in political and ecclesiastical 
 affairs to complete his great work, the translation of the entire 
 Bible into German. This was published at Wittenberg in 
 1534 by the well-known Lutheran printer. Hans Lufft. 
 
LUTPIEB EXHIBITION. 11 
 
 In this year John of Leyden began to diatinguish himself 
 as one of the leaders of the Anabaptists, and in 1535, at the 
 head of his followers, got possession of the town of Miinster 
 in Westphalia. He was called the King of the Anabaptists, 
 and committed many excesses, for which he afterwards was 
 executed with cruel tortures when Miinster was re-taken by 
 Francis Ton Waldeck, Prince-Bishop of Miinster, in 1536. 
 Luther was cognizant of all these proceedings, and frequently 
 condemned the errors and excesses of John and his adherents, 
 but he does not seem to have been brought into personal 
 contact with them. 
 
 In 1534 Pope Paul III, sent a legate, the celebrated Peter 
 Paul Vergerius, to Germany to treat with the Electors and 
 Princes respecting the projected council to be held at Mantua, 
 and Vergerius had a personal interview on the subject of it 
 with Luther at Wittenberg on the 2nd of June, 1536. The 
 3rd of May following was appointed by the Pope as the day for 
 opening the Council. 
 
 In 1537 the Protestant Princes, accompanied by their theo- 
 logians, assembled at Schmalcald, Luther also being present. 
 At the request of the assembly he drew up certain articles to 
 be insisted upon by the Reformers at the council. Tliese 
 articles were approved and signed by all those assembled, and 
 are called the Schmalcald Articles. They were printed in the 
 following year, when the plans for the council had finally 
 collapsed and it became evident that it would never be held. 
 
 Upon his return home Luther held a disputation against the 
 Antinomians ; and in 1539, when Duke Greorge of Saxony, a 
 keen opponent of Luther, was succeeded by his brother Henry, 
 Luther commenced the Reformation in Leipsic, and preached 
 there on Whit Sunday. 
 
 During the years 1540 and 1541 several attempts were made 
 bv the Protestant Princes of Germany to effect a reconciliation 
 with the Church, but Luther put no faith in these projects, 
 considering that the breach with Rome was too great to be 
 repaired. He did not even attend the conferences at Worms 
 and Ratisbon, but predicted their failure from the outset. 
 
 In 1543 Lutlier published the first complete edition of his 
 " Geistliche Lieder," or Spiritual Songs, a collection of psalms, 
 
12 LUTHER JEXHIBITION. 
 
 hymns, etc., which has ever since been popular in Germany. 
 In 1545 he revised and improved his translation of the Bible, 
 and wrote the general preface to the first volume of his collected 
 Latin works. 
 
 Oa the 17th of January, 1546, Luther preached his last 
 sermon at Wittenberg, and on the 14th of rebmary he 
 preached his la'^t sermon at Eisleben, whither he had gone for 
 the purpose of reconciling the people and Counts of Mansfeld 
 who had for some years been involved in disputes respecting 
 the mines of Eisleben and the neighbourhood. In this he was 
 successful, and was about to return to Wittenberg, when, on 
 the 17th of February, he was seized with an illness which he 
 felt to be fatal, and declared to those about him that he was 
 prepared to die. When asked by his friend Dr. Jonas whether 
 he still believed in the doctrines he had taught, he answered 
 in the affirmative, and early in the morning of the next day he 
 expired. His remains were conveyed to Wittenberg, where he 
 was buried with all the honours justly due to so great a man. 
 
 The " Tisch-reden " of Luther (Latin " Colloquia Mensalia," 
 English " Table Talk ") should be read by any one desirous 
 of obtaining a true insight into Luther's character, as one of 
 the most conspicuous men of his age, apart from his high 
 position as an ecclesiastical Keformer. The original edition 
 i)f this work, as well as the first edition in English, are shown 
 in the present exhibition. p ,, 
 
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 t$:fcnic( in ma ct m momd arttculo. 
 
 rfaat:? ego auctatt tpltus 7 aplfca mtbi in bacpartec^miflii:? ttbi 
 MKnnilh.Dcinde ob oibne pen's mieipfermdo ribipkniffima outi 
 ^efaltiMitrurccd'e m(tidrit.9n noie pnetfilij 7 fpitfTfimti Smm. 
 
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( 13 ) 
 
 PEINTED BOOKS AND BROADSIDES. 
 
 Owing to the different sizes of the Books and the want of sufficient 
 depth in some of the Gases to hold large volumes, it has not 
 been possible to observe a strict order in the numbering of the 
 Cases, nor a strict chronological arrangement of the JBooks. 
 
 Case IV. 
 
 Albertus . . . Moguntinen sedis ac Magdeburgen eccle 
 Archieps, etc. 
 
 Copy of the Indulgence issued by Pope Leo X. 
 for the rebuilding of St. Peter's at Eome. This 
 Indulgence was sold by Tetzel as sub-commissary 
 under Albert of Brandenburg, Archbishop of Mentz 
 and Magdeburg, and called forth the indignant 
 remonstrance of Martin Luther, which was the 
 commencement of the great Eeformation. It is 
 printed on vellum, and bears the name of the 
 recipient, " Philippus Kessel, Presbyter," in MS., 
 together with the date of issue, 15th April, 1517, 
 likewise in MS. The name inserted was originally 
 " Keschel," altered to " Kessel." 1517. s. sh. 4°. 
 
 The following is a complete Transcript of the Indulgence — the words 
 which are abbreviated in the original being printed in full. 
 
 Albertus dei et apostolice sedis gratia . sancte Moguntinensis 
 sedis . ac Magdeburgensis ecclesie Archiepiscopus . primas . et 
 sacri Eomani imperii in germania arlchicancellarius . princeps : 
 elector ac administrator Halberstattensis . Marchio Branden- 
 burgensis . Stettinensis . Pomeranie : Cassuborum Sclauorum- 
 que dux | Burggrauius Nurenbergensis Rngieque princeps . 
 Et guardianus fratrum ordinis minorum de obseruantia con- 
 nentus Moguntini . Per sanctissimum | dorainum nostrum 
 Leonem Papam decimum . per prouincias Moguntinensem et 
 Magdeburgensem ac illarum et Halberstattenses ciuitates et 
 dioceses . necnon terras I et loca illustrissimi et ilkistrium 
 
14 LUTHBB EXHIBITION. 
 
 Principum dominorum Marchionum Brandenburgensium tem- 
 porali dominio mediate uel immediate subiecta nuncii et 
 com|missarii : ad infrascripta specialiter deputati . Vniuersis et 
 singulis presentes literas inspecturis Salutem in domino . 
 Notum facimus quod sanctissimus dominus | noster Leo diuina 
 prouidentia Papa deoimus modernus : omnibus et singulis 
 vtriusque sexus christifidelibus : ad reparacionem fabrice basi- 
 lice prinlcipis apostulorum sancti Petri de vrbe : iuxta ordina- 
 tioiiem nostram manus porrigentibus adiutrices : vltra plenissi- 
 mas indulgentias ac alias gratias et faculta|tes quas christifldeles 
 ipsi obtinere possunt : iuxta literarum apostolicarum desuper 
 confectarum continentiam misericorditer etiam in domino 
 indulsit atque concessit : vt idoneum possint | eligere confes- 
 sorem presbyterum secularem .. vel cuiusuis etiam mendican- 
 tium ordinis regularem . qui eorum confessione diligenter 
 audita . pro commissis per eligentem | delictis et excessibus : 
 ac peccatis quibuslibet : quantumcumque grauibus et enormi- 
 bus : etiam in dicte sedi reseruatis casibus : ac censuris eccle- 
 siasticis : etiam ab | homine ad alicuius instantiam latis . de 
 consensu partium . etiam ratione interdicti incursis . et quarum 
 absolutio eidem sedi esset specialiter reseruata. Preterquam 
 machinaltionis in personam summi pontificis : occisionis epis- 
 coporum aut aliorum superiorum prelatorum et iniectionia 
 manuum violentarum in illos aut alios prelates . falsifica- 
 tionis I literarum apostolicarum . delationis armorum . et ali- 
 orum prohibitorum ad partes infidelium : ac sententiarum et 
 censurarum occasione aluminum tulfe apostolice' de partibus 
 inflldelium ad fideles contra probibitionem apostolicam dela- 
 torum incursarum semel in vita et in mortis articulo quotiens 
 ille imminebit . licet mors tunc non subsequatur | Et in 
 non reseruatis casibus totiens quotiens id petierint plenarie 
 absoluere et eis penitentiam salutarem iniungere . necnon 
 semel in vita et in dicto mortis arti|culo : plenariam 
 omnium peccatorum indulgentiam et remissionem impendere . 
 Necnon per eos emissa pro tempore vota quecumque (vltra- 
 marino : visitationis | liminum apostolorum : et sancti Jacobi 
 in compostella : religionis et castitatis votis dumtaxat ex- 
 ceptis) in alia pietatis opera commutare auctoritate apostolica I 
 possit et valeat. Indulsit quoque idem sanctissimus dominus 
 
LUTHEK EXHIBITION. 15 
 
 noster . prefatos benefactores : eorumque parentes defunctos qui 
 cum charitate decesserunt in precibus : | suffragiis : elemosynis : 
 ieiunijs : orationibus : missis : boris canonicis : disciplinis : 
 perigrinationibus : et ceteris omnibus spiritualibus bonis que 
 fiunt I et fieri poterunt in tota vniuersali sacrosancta ecclesia 
 militaute : et in omnibus membris eiusdem in perpetuum par- 
 ticipes fieri. Et quia deuotus | Philippus Kessel* presbyter 
 ad ipsam fabricam et necessariam instaurationem | supradicte 
 basilice principis apostolorum iuxta sanctissimi domini nostri 
 Pape intentionem et nostram ordinationem de bonis suis contri- 
 buendo se gratum | exhibuit. In cuius rei signum presentes 
 literas a nobis accepit. Ideo eadem auctoritate apostolica nobis 
 commissa : et qua fungimur in bac parte | ipsi quod dictis 
 gratijs et indulgentijs vti et eisdem gaudere possit et valeat 
 per presentes concedimus et largimur. Datum Augusta | sub 
 sigillo per nos ad bee ordinato . Die xv Mensis Aprilis Anno 
 domini . M.D.xvii. 
 
 Forma absolutionis totiens quotiens in vita. 
 
 Misereatur tui . &c. Dominus noster Jesus christus per meri- 
 tum sue paasionis te absoluat : auctoritate cuius et apostolica 
 mibi in bac parte commissa : et | tibi concessa : ego te absoluo 
 ab omnibus peccatis tuis . In nomiue patris et filij et spiritus 
 sancti Amen. 
 
 Forma absolutionis et plenissime remissionis : semel in 
 vita et in mortis articulo. 
 
 Misereatur tui &c. Dominus noster Jesus christus per 
 meritum sue passionis te absoluat : et ego auctoritate ipsius 
 et apostolica mibi in bac parte commissa : et | tibi concessa 
 te absoluo . prime ab omni sententia excommunicationis 
 maioris vel minoris si quam incurristi . deinde ab omnibus 
 peccatis tuis : conferendo tibi plenissimam omnium | pecca- 
 torum tuorum remissionem . remittendo tibi etiam penas pur- 
 gatorij in quantum se claues sancte matris ecclesie extendunt. 
 In nomine patris et filij et spiritus sancti Amen. 
 
 * This name has first been written Kesohel — altered to Kessel. 
 
16 XUTHER EXHIBITION. 
 
 Translation. 
 
 Albert, by the grace of God and of the Apostolic See, of the 
 Holy See of Mentz and the Church of Magdeburg Archbishop, 
 Primate, and of the Holy Eoman Empire in Germany Arch- 
 Chancellor, Prince Elector and Administrator of Halberstadt, 
 Marquis of Brandenburg, of Stettin, of Pomerania, Duke of 
 Cassuben and the Sclaves, Burgrave of Nuremburg and Prince 
 of.Rugeo, and Guardian of the Order of Friars Minor of the 
 Observance of the Convent of Mentz ; by our most holy lord 
 Pope Leo X,, throughout the provinces of Mentz and Magde- 
 burg and the cities and dioceses thereof, and of Halberstadt, 
 and throughout the territories and places mediately or im- 
 mediately subject to the temporal dominion of the most 
 illustrious Prince and illustrious Princes, the Lords Marquises 
 of Brandenburg, Nuncio and Commissary for the underwritten 
 matters fpecially deputed ; To all and singular who shall inspect 
 the present letters greeting in the Lord. 
 
 , We make known that our most holy lord Leo, by divine 
 providence Pope, the tenth, that now is, to all and singular the 
 faithful in Christ of both sexes, who towards the repair of the 
 fabric of the Basilica of the Prince of the Apostles, St. Peter 
 of the City, according to our ordinance, extend helping hands, 
 beyond those fullest indulgences and other graces and faculties 
 which the faithful in Christ can of themselves obtain, hath, in 
 accordance with the contents of the Apostolic letters above 
 executed, of his mercy also in the Lord indulged and granted 
 that they have the power to choose, as a fitting confessor, a 
 priest secular or a regular of any order, even of Mendicants; 
 who, after diligently hearing their confession — for the faults 
 and excesses committed by the person so choosing him ; and 
 for sins of any kind, however grave and enormous, even in cases 
 reserved for the said See ; and from ecclesiastical censures, even 
 vhen borne by a man at the instance of any one soever, and, 
 with the consent of the parties, even from those incurred by 
 reason of an interdict ; and from those of which the absolution 
 hath been specially reserved to the same See ; except from 
 
LUTHER EXHIBITION. 17 
 
 the crimes of machination against the person of the Supreme 
 Pontiff, of the murder of bishops or of other higher prelates, 
 and of the laying of violent hands upon them or other pre- 
 lates, of the forgery of letters Apostolic, of the conveying of 
 arms and other prohibited things into heathen parts; and 
 except from [crimes involving] sentences and censures in- 
 curred by reason of the importation of ahims [such as those] 
 of Apostolic ToKa from heathen parts to the faithful, con- 
 trary to the Apostolic prohibition — once in life, and in the 
 article of death as often as it shall threaten, although death 
 may not then supervene, and in non-reserved cases as often 
 as they shall seek it, can and may plenarily absolve 
 them and enjoin upon them salutary penance ; and also, once 
 in life and in the said article of death, grant plenary in- 
 dulgence and remission of all sins; and also commute for 
 other works of piety any vows made by them on occasion 
 (vows of pilgrimage beyond sea, of visiting the thresholds of 
 the Apostles, and of St. James in Compostella, of religion 
 and of chastity,, alone excepted). The same our most holy 
 lord hath also indulged that the aforesaid benefactors, and 
 their parents defunct who have died in charity, become par- 
 takers for ever in the prayers, suffrages, alms, fastings, suppli- 
 cations, masses, canonical hours, disciplines, pilgrimages, and 
 all other spiritual benefits which are and can be in the whole 
 universal holy Church Militant, and in all the members of 
 the same. And whereas the devout Philip Kessel, priest, 
 hath shown himself acceptable by contributing of his goods to 
 the fabric itself and to the necessary restoration of the afore- 
 said Basilica of the Prince of the Apostles, in accordance 
 with the intention of our most holy Lord the Pope and our 
 own ordinance, in sign whereof he hath received from us the 
 present letters ; therefore, by the same Apostolic authoritj to 
 us committed, and which we discharge in this behalf, we 
 grant and freely give unto him by these presents that he 
 can and may use the said graces and indulgences, and enjoy the 
 same. Given at Augsburg, under the seal hereunto by us 
 ordained, on the 15th day of the month of April, in the year 
 of our Lord 1517. 
 
 B 
 
18 LUTHEE EXHIBITION. 
 
 " Form of Absolution, as often as may be during life : — 
 " ' Misereatur tui,' &c. [Almighty God have mercy upon 
 thee, forgive thee thy sins, and bring thee into life everlasting!. 
 Our Lord Jesus Christ, by the merit of His Passion, absolve 
 thee ; by whose authority and by the authority Apostolic to 
 me in this behalf committed and so to thee conceded, I absolve 
 thee from all thy sins. In the name of the Father, and of the 
 Son, and of the Holy Ghost. Amen/' 
 
 " Form of Absolution and fullest remission, once in life and 
 in the article of death : — 
 
 " ' Misereatur tui,' &c. Our Lord Jesus Christ, by the merit 
 of His Passion, absolve thee ; and I, by His authority and by 
 the authority Apostolic to me in this behalf committed and so 
 to thee conceded, absolve thee, first from every sentence of the 
 greater or lesser excommunication, if any thou hast incurred, 
 and next from all thy sins, by conferring upon thee the fullest 
 remission of all thy sins, by remitting to thee also the pains of 
 purgatory, so far as the keys of Holy Mother Church extend. 
 In the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy 
 Ghost. Amen." 
 
 *^* The above translation, previously contributed to 'The Times' news- 
 paper of September 5, and here corrected, is believed to be the first complete 
 English version of this document. 
 
 Amore et studio elucidande veritatis : hec subscripta disputa- 
 butur Wittenberge. Presidente E. P. Martino Luther. 
 The Ninety-five Theses or Propositions against the 
 Doctrine of Indulgences and other points which 
 Luther, on the 31st October, 1517, posted on the 
 doors of the church of Wittenberg, and upon 
 which be challenged all the world to dispute with 
 him in the University. 
 
 Appellatio F. Martini Luther ad Conciliii. 
 
 Luther's Appeal to a General Council against the 
 Proceedings commenced against him at Eome and 
 elsewhere by order of the Pope. Dated Nov. 28, 
 1518. 1513. s.sh.iol. 
 
LUTHEE EXHIBITION. 19 
 
 Case I. 
 
 On Applas von Eom kan man wol selig werden, durch 
 anzaigung der gotlichen hailigen geschryfft. 
 
 The first edition of Luther's pamphlet against the 
 Sale of Indulgences. [1517 ?] 4°. 
 
 With Luther's portrait on the title-page. Probably 
 the earliest known. 
 
 Ausslegung des hundert nnd neundtS psalme, etc. 
 
 Luther's Commentary on the 109th Psalm [110th in 
 the modern version]. Leipzig, 1518. 4°. 
 
 Die Sieben busspsalm mit deutscher ausslegung, etc. 
 
 Luther's Commentary on the Seven Penitential 
 Psalms. Leipzig, 1518. 4°. 
 
 Eyn Sermon von dem Ablase unnd gnade durch . . . M. Luther, 
 etc. 
 
 Luther's Sermon on Indulgences. 1518. 4°. 
 
 Eyn Freyheyt dess Sermons Bebstlichen ablass und gnad 
 Belangend. 
 
 Luther's Defence of his Sermon on Indulgences. 
 
 1518. 4°. 
 
 Efesolutiones disputationum de Indulgetiarum virtute. 
 
 Luther's Conclusions on the merit of Indulgences. 
 Preceded by a dedication to J. Staupitz and a 
 letter to Pope Leo X. 1518. 4°. 
 
 Resolutio lutheriana super propositione decia tertia : de potes- 
 tate pape, etc. 
 
 Luther's Judgment upon the Power of the Pope. 
 
 Leipzig, 1519. 4°. 
 De Captivitate Babylonica Ecclesiae. 
 
 Luther's Treatise on the Babylonian Captivity of the 
 Church. [1520?] 4°. 
 
 Eyn Sermon von dem Sacrament der puss. 
 
 Luther's Sermon on the Sacrament of Penance. 
 
 Leipzig, 1519. 4°, 
 B 2 
 
20 LUTHEK EXHIBITION. 
 
 Kesolutiones Lutheriane super propositionibus suis Lipsiae 
 disputatis. 
 
 Luther's Conclusions respecting the Theses on the 
 Power of the Pope disputed at Leipsic. 
 
 Leipzig, 1519. 4°. 
 
 Decern Praecepta Wittenbergensi prsedicata populo, etc. 
 
 Luther's Sermons on the Ten Commandments. 
 
 Leipzig, 1519. 4°. 
 
 Auslegug deutsch des Vater unser fuer die einfeltigen leyen, 
 
 Luther's German Commentary on the Lord's Prayer 
 for the Laity. Leipzig, 1519. 4°. 
 
 Byn Sermon von der betrachtung des heyligen leydens Christi. 
 Luther's Sermon on the Sufferings of Christ. 
 
 Wittenlergh, 1519. 4°. 
 
 Assertio omnium Articulorum M. Lutheri, per BuUam Leonis X. 
 novissima dalnnatoru. 
 
 Luther's Assertion of all the Articles condemned by 
 the Bull of Leo X. Wittembergae, 1520. 4°. 
 
 Glaubwirdig Abschrift Eomischer Eayserlicher Mayestat 
 Edicts und Mandats wider den Luther, etc. 
 
 Copy of the Edict of Charles V. placing Luther under 
 the Ban of the Empire, 8 May, 1521. 
 
 Literarum quibus . . . Henricus octavus . . . respondit ad 
 quandam epistolam Martini Lutheri . . . et ipsius 
 Lutheranae quo^ epistolse exemplum. 
 
 Luther's Letter to Henry VIII., 1 Sept. 1525. With 
 the King's reply. Pynson : London, 1526. 4°. 
 
 Enchiridion locorum communium adversus Lutheranos, Joanne 
 Eckio autore. 
 
 Hand-book of common-places against the Lutherans. 
 With Eck's autograph notes. 1526. 4°. 
 
 Deudsch Catechismus Mart. Luther. Wiit&mberg, 1529. 4°. 
 The first edition of Luther's Larger Catechism. 
 
LUTHEK EXHIBITION. 21 
 
 Geistliche Lieder. 
 
 Spiritual Songs. Wittemberg, 1545. 4°. 
 
 The date 1 545 on the title-page is a misprint ; the 
 correct date, 1543, appears in the colophon. 
 
 A ryght notable sermon made by Doctor Martyn Luther 
 uppon the twenteth chapter of Johan, of absolution and 
 the true use of the keyes. [Translated from the 
 German.] Ippeswich, 1548. 8°. 
 
 The chiefe and pryncypall Articles of the Christen faythe to 
 holde aginst the Pope and al Papistes . . . Made by . . . 
 M. Luther. W. Lynne : London, 1548. 8°. 
 
 A famous and godly history contayning the lyves and actes of 
 three renowned reformers of the Christia Church, M. 
 Luther, J. Ecolampadius, and H. Zwinglius. [By H. 
 Bennet.] London, 1561. 8°. 
 
 Case II. 
 
 Tessaradecas Consolatoria pro laborantibus et oneratis. 
 Luther's Consolatory Treatise for the weary and heavy 
 laden. Sent to Frederick, Elector of Saxony, to com- 
 fort him in his sickness. * Augsburg, 1520. 4°. 
 
 Bin trostlichs buchlein Martini Lutheri ... in aller wider- 
 wertigkeyt eynes ygliche Ohristglaubigen menschen. 
 
 Luther's Consolatory Treatise, translated into German 
 by G. Spalatinus. Leipzig, 1520. 4°. 
 
 Oondemnatio doctrinalis libro? Martini Lutheri, per quosda 
 Magistros nostros Lovanieii, & Colonieii, facta. 
 
 Condemnation of Luther's Books by the Academies of 
 Louvain and Cologne. With his reply thereto. ' 
 
 1520. 4°. 
 
 Bulla Decimi Leonis, contra errores Martini Lutheri, & 
 sequacium. 
 
 Bull of Leo X. against Luther and his followers, 
 
 1520. 4°. 
 This is the Bull that was publicly burnt by Luther 
 at Wittenberg on the 10th Dec, 1520. 
 
22 LUTHEK EXHIBITION. 
 
 Epistola Lutheriana ad Leonem decimum. Tractatus de 
 Libertate Christiana. 
 
 Luther's Treatise on Christian Liberty, addressed to 
 Leo X. Wittembergae, 1520. 4°. 
 
 Ad Cesaree Maiest. interrogata D. Martini L. responsum. 
 Wurmacie, xvii. Aprilis, Anno M. d. xxi. 4°. 
 
 Luther's Eeply to the Emperor's Interrogations. 
 Worms, 17 April, 1521, in Latin. Concluding 
 with his famous exclamation in German: " Ich 
 kan nicht anderst hie stehe ich. Got helif mir, 
 Amen." [" I cannot do otherwise ; here stand I, 
 God help me. Amen."] 
 
 De Votis Monastieis. 
 
 Luther's Treatise on Monastic Vows. 
 
 Wittembergae [1522 ?] 4°. 
 
 Assertio septem Sacramentorum. Assertion of the Seven 
 Sacraments. By King Henry VIII. The first edition 
 of the worli for which Pope Leo X. conferred upon 
 Henry VIII. the title of " Defender of the Faith." 
 
 Pynson, London, 1521. 4°. 
 
 The title is surrounded by a woodcut border designed 
 by Holbein. 
 
 Assertio septem Sacramentorum, ete. Argentine, 1522. 4°. 
 
 Henry VIII.'s Assertion of the Seven Sacraments. 
 
 At the end of this volume are two letters of Erasmus 
 to W. Warham, Archbishop of Canterbury, and 
 William Blount, 4th Baron Mountjoy, in commen- 
 dation of the work. 
 
 Was auff de Eeichsstag zu Nuremberg, vonn wegen Bebstlicher 
 heiligkeyt, an Keyserlicher Maiestat Stathalter und 
 Stende, Liitherischen sachii halben gelange, uii darauff 
 geantwort worden ist, auch etliche andere mer niitzliche 
 ding, wie die volgende kurtz vorred uud register 
 anzeige. 
 
LUTHEE EXHIBITION. 23 
 
 Negotiations between the Papal See and the Diet of 
 the Empire at Nuremberg, 1522, respecting the 
 demands of Luther and his adherents for Reform in 
 the Church. 4°. 
 
 Bulla Cene domini, vordeutscht durch Martin Luth. 
 
 Bull of Leo X. Translated into German by Luther, 
 with his strictures on the same. Wittemherg, 1522. 
 
 4°. 
 Breve quoddam Papae Adrian! sexti adversus Lutherum. 
 
 Brief of Adrian VI. against Luther, 30 Not. 1522. 4°. 
 
 Contra Henricum regem Angliae. 
 
 The first edition of Luther's Pamphlet in answer to 
 Henry the Eighth's Assertion of the Seven Sacra- 
 ments. Wittembergae, 1522. 4°. 
 
 Antwortt deutsch Mart. Luthers auff Konig Heinrichs von 
 Engelland buch. 
 
 Luther's Answer to Henry the Eighth, in German. 
 
 Wittemherg, 1522. 4°, 
 Vom Eelichen Leben. 
 
 Luther's Treatise on the Marriage State. 
 
 Wittemherg, 1522. 4°. 
 
 Bulla Induciarum seu Trugarum Trieiialium : inter oes 
 Christianos Keges et Principes, per S. D. N. Adrianum 
 Papam VI. sub censuris et penis Ecclesiasticis indic- 
 tarum. 
 
 Bull of Adrian VI. declaring a Truce for three years. 
 Issued in order to prevent a civil war between 
 the Kings and Princes favouring the Reformers and 
 those upholding the Church. [30 April, 1523.] 4°. 
 
 Urtayl Doctor Martin Luthers und Philippi Melanchthonis von 
 Erasmo Roterodam. 
 
 Judgment of Luther and Melanchthon respecting 
 Erasmus. 1523. 4°. 
 
24 LUIHEB EXHIBITION. 
 
 Auss was grand unnd ursach Luthers dolmatschung uber das 
 nawe testament, dam gemeine man billich vorbotten 
 wordeu sey. 
 
 Emser's Reasons for forbidding the use of Luther's 
 Translation of the New Testament. 
 
 Leifzig, 1523. 4°. 
 
 Das tauff buchlin verdeutscht durch Mart. Luther. 
 
 The Order of Baptism, translated and altered by 
 M. Luther. In German. Vuittemherg, 1523. 4°. 
 
 Epistola Martini Lutheri ad Henricum VIII. ... In qua veniam 
 petit eorum qu§ prius stultus ac pr§cep8 in eundem re- 
 gem effuderit, etc. 
 
 Letter of Luther to Henry VIII. 1 Sept. 1525. With 
 the King's reply. Dresden, 1527. 8°. 
 
 A Treatise touching the Libertie of a Christian. Written in 
 Latin by Doctor Martine Luther. And Translated into 
 English by James Bell. London, 1579. 8°. 
 
 A right comfortable treatise conteiniug sundrye pointes of 
 consolation for them that labour & are laden .... 
 Englished by W. Gace. T. Vautrollier : London, 1580. 
 
 8°. 
 
 Case III. 
 
 The Sermon of Johan the bisshop of Eochester made agayn 
 y" pnicyous doctryn of Martin luuther, etc. 
 
 Wynkyn de Worde : [London, 1521 ?] 4°. 
 
 The Sermon of John Fisher, Bishop of Eochester, 
 against Luther. Preached by order of Cardinal 
 Wolsey. 
 
 Propugnaculum summi sacerdotij euangelici, editum per 
 Edoardum Pouelum, ad versus Martinum Lutherum. 
 
 The Defence of the Papacy and of the Seven 
 Sacraments against Luther. By Edward Powel, 
 Canon of Salisbury. Pynson : London, 1523. fol. 
 
LUTHEE EXHIBITION. 25 
 
 Ermanunge zum fride auff die zwelff artikel der Bawrschafft 
 ynn Schwaben. 
 
 Luther's Exhortation to Peace. A pamphlet upon 
 the Peasants' War in Suabia. 
 
 Wittemherg, 1525. 4°. 
 
 Epithalamia Martini Lutheri, Joannis Hessi, ete. [1525.] 4°. 
 
 Satirical verses upon the Marriages of Luther and 
 John Hess, published anonymously by John 
 Cochlaeus [Dobneck]. 
 
 Deudsche Messe und ordnung Gottis diensts. 
 
 Luther's German Mass and Order of Divine Service. 
 With Music. Wittemherg, 1526. 4°. 
 
 Deudsche Messe und ordnung Gottes diensts, zu Wittemherg, 
 fiirgenomen. 
 
 Luther's German Mass for use at Wittenberg. 
 
 1526. 4". 
 
 Unterricht der Visitatorn an die Pfarhern ym Kurfurstenthum 
 zu Sachssen. 
 
 Instruction of the Inspectors to the Parish Priests in 
 the Electorate of Saxony. Vuittemberg, 1527. 4°. 
 
 This Instruction was drawn up by Melanchthon, who 
 was one of the four visitors. It was edited, with a 
 preface by Luther, at whose instance the Elector 
 commanded the visitation to be made. 
 
 En wunderliche Weyssagung von dem Babstumb, etc. 1527. 4°. 
 
 A wonderful prophecy respecting the papacy, etc. 
 
 With verses by Hans Sachs, often called the Lutheran 
 Poet. The engraving on the left is intended to be 
 a portrait of Luther. 
 
 Von derfalschen Betler biieberey, Mit einerVorrede M.Luther 
 Und hinden an ein Eotwelsch Vocabularius, etc. 
 
 On the rascality of false beggars. Edited by Luther. 
 With a dictionary of slang. Wittemherg, 1528. 4°. 
 
26 LUTHEE EXHIBITION. 
 
 Sieben Kopffe Martini Luthers, Vom Hochwirdigen- Sacrament 
 des Altars. 
 
 The Seven Heads of Martin Luther, concerning the 
 Most Worthy Sacrament of the Altar. With a 
 wood engraving. By John Cochlaeus [Dobneck]. 
 
 Leipzig, 1529. 4°. 
 
 Anzeigung und bekantnus des Glaubens unnd der lere so die 
 adpellierenden Stende Key. Maiestet auff yetzigen 
 tag zu Augspurg oberantwurt habend. 1530. 4°. 
 
 The first edition of the Augsburg Confession in 
 German. 
 
 Confessio odder Bekantnus des Glaubens etlicher Fursten und 
 Stedte : Ober-antwort Keiserlicher Maiestat : zu Augs- 
 purg. Anno MD.xxx. Apologia der Confessio. 
 
 The Augsburg Confession, 1530. Wittemherg, 1531. 4°. 
 
 Confessio Fidei exhibita invictiss. Imp. Carolo V. Anno 
 MDXXX. Witelergm, 1531. 8°. 
 
 The Augsburg Confession in Latin. Henry the 
 Eighth's own copy. 
 
 The confessyon of the fayth of the Germaynes. Translated by 
 Eychard Taverner at the commaundemet of Thomas 
 Cromwel. London, 1536. 8°. 
 
 The first English translation of the Augsburg 
 Confession. 
 
 Wamunge D. M. Luther an seine lieben Deudschen. 
 
 Luther's "Warnings to his beloved Germans" (ex- 
 horting to organized combination in defence of 
 Liberty of Conscience). Wittemherg, 1531. 4°. 
 
 Artickel so da betten soUen auffs C'oucilioa zu Mantua, etc. 
 
 Articles to be maintained by the Eeformers ; drawn 
 up by M. Luther in view of a General Council. 
 
 Wittemherg, 1538. 4°. 
 
LUTHER EXHIBITION. 27 
 
 Wider das Bapstum zu Eom vom Teuffel gestifft Mart. Luther. 
 D. 
 
 Luther. Against the Papacy at Eome founded by 
 the Devil. Wittemberg, 1545. 4°. 
 
 Luther's letzte Predigt gehaltea . . . . zu Eisleben am 
 14 Februar 1546. 
 
 Luther's Last Sermon, preached at Eisleben, 14 Feb. 
 1546. Specially reprinted from his Collected 
 Works for the 300th anniversary of his death. 
 
 Leipzig, 1816. 4°. 
 
 Die letzte Predigt Doctoris Martini Lutheri ... so ehr gethan 
 hat zu Wittenberg ; . . . den xvii Januarii Im. md.xlyi. 
 Jhar. 1549. 4°. 
 
 The Last Sermon preached at Wittenberg by Luther, 
 17 Jan. 1546. 
 
 Historia de vita et actis Mart. Lutheri, conscripta a Philippo 
 Melanthone. Witebergx, 1549. 8°. 
 
 History of the life and deeds of Martin Luther, 
 written by Philip Melanchthon. 
 
 In this work the concluding words of Luther's speech 
 at Worms are given as follows : " Hie stehe ich, 
 Ich kan nicht anders, Gott helff mir. Amen." 
 
 Case VIII. 
 
 The Autograph of Philip Melanchthon, on the fly-leaf of the 
 first volume of the German Bible printed at. Witten- 
 berg, 1541. fol. 
 
 The Autograph of Martin Luther, dated 1542, in the second 
 volume of the German Bible printed at Wittenberg in 
 1541. The same copy was afterwards in the possession 
 of Melanchthon, who in 1557 wrote a long note on the 
 fly-leaf of the first volume, also exhibited. fol. 
 
28 LUTHEK EXHIBITION. 
 
 Biblia — das iet die gantze hailige schrifft verdeutschet durch D. 
 M. Luther. 
 
 The Bible. Translated into German by M. Luther. 
 
 Wittenherg, 1558. fol. 
 
 This copy belonged to Augustus, Elector of Saxony, 
 and has an illuminated portrait of him for a frontis- 
 piece. There are numerous engravings, which have 
 been coloured by hand. 
 
 Tomus primus Omnium Operum . . . Martini Lutheri. 
 
 Vol. 1 of Luther's Works. Latin. 
 
 Witebergse, 1558, etc. fol. 
 
 Case IX. 
 
 Biblia Integra, etc. J. Frohen : Basilee, 1491. 8°. 
 
 The Vulgate in octavo. 
 " This is said to be the first Bible printed in octavo 
 or in small form, and is hence called the first 
 edition of the ' poor man's Bible.' It is also the 
 first or one of the first books printed by Froben." 
 [Caxton Catalogue.] 
 
 Das Heilige Evangelium Matthei, etc. Erfwrt, [1521]. fol. 
 The first edition of the first Lutheran translation of 
 the Gospel of Matthew into German. Translated 
 by Dr. J. Lange, from the Greek Text and Latin 
 translation published by Erasmus in his edition of 
 the New Testament. 
 
 Das Newe Testament Deutzsch. 
 
 The New Testament. First edition of Luther's 
 translation. Wittenherg, Sept. 1522. fol. 
 
 The first edition of any part of Luther's translation 
 of the Bible, ^"gii'^'l binding. 
 
 Das Gantz Neiiw testamet recht griintlich teutscht. 
 
 The New Testament. The first octavo edition of 
 Luther's translation of the New Teatament. Ee- 
 
LUTHEB EXHIBITION. 29 
 
 printed from the First Edition of the New Testa- 
 ment, at Wittenberg. Basel, 1523. 8°. 
 
 Das AUte Testament deutsch M. Luther. 
 
 The Pentateuch. WiUenherg [1523]. fol. 
 
 The first edition of any part of Luther's translation 
 of the Old Testament. 
 
 Das Alte Testament deutsch. The Pentateuch. Luther's 
 translation. Strasburg, 1524. fol. 
 
 Das ander teyl des alten testaments. 
 
 The second portion of the Old Testament, Joshua — 
 Esther. Wittenberg, 1524. fol. 
 
 The first edition of Luther's translation of this portion 
 of the Old Testament. With his sign and initials, 
 and a warning against pirated editions. 
 
 Der Psalter . Teutsch . durch D. M. Luther. 
 
 The first edition of the Psalter in Luther's translation. 
 Eeprinted from the First Wittenberg edition of the 
 third portion of the Old Testament printed in the 
 same year. Strasshurg, 1524. 8°. 
 
 Die Propheten alle Deudsch D. M. Luth. 
 
 The Prophets (Isaiah — Malachi). The first edition 
 of Luther's translation of this portion of the Bible. 
 
 Wittemberg, 1532. 8°. 
 
 De Biblie . . . yn dyth dudesche uthgesettet. 
 
 Low Saxon version of the whole Bible, from Luther's 
 High German translation. Lubech, 1533, 34. fol. 
 
 Finished Ap. 1, 1534, before the first complete Bible 
 in High German, which appeared in the latter part 
 of 1534. 
 
so LUTHER EXHIBITION. 
 
 Biblia das ist die ganfze Heil.ige Schrifft Deudsch. Mart. Luth, 
 
 Wittenberg, 1534. fol. 
 
 The first edition of Luther's translation of the whole 
 Bible, in High German. The Low Saxon version 
 of Luther's translation appeared a few months 
 earlier. 
 
 *^* In Cases XI. and XII. is shewn a series of Bibles in 
 German, published before Luther's first edition of the New 
 Testament in Sept. 1522. There were altogether as many as 
 fourteen editions of the Bible in German before Luther's ; all, 
 however, translated from the Latin Vulgate. Of these the 
 Museum possesses nine. 
 
 Case XL 
 The First German Bible. 
 
 Printed by J. Mentelin at Strasburg, circ. 1462. fol. 
 The Second German Bible. 
 
 Printed by H. Eggesteyn at Strasburg, circ. 1466. fol. 
 The Third German Bible. 
 
 Printed by J. Pflanzmann at Augsburg, circ. 1475. fol. 
 The Fifth German Bible. 
 
 Printed by G. Zainer at Augsburg, circ. 1475. fol. 
 The Thirteenth German Bible. 
 
 Printed by J. Otmar at Augsburg, 1507. fol. 
 
 Case XIL 
 The Sixth German Bible. 
 
 Printed by G. Zainer at Augsburg, 1477. fol. 
 
 The first German Bible bearing a date. 
 The Seventh German Bible. 
 
 Printed by A. Sorg at Augsburg, 1477. fol. 
 
 The Eighth German Bible. 
 
 Printed by A. Sorg at Augsburg, 1480. fol. 
 
LUTHEE EXHIBITION. 31 
 
 The Ninth German Bible. 
 
 Printed by A. Koburger at Nuremberg, 1483. fol. 
 The translation is attributed to Nicolaus Syber, and 
 
 the wood-engraTings were executed by, or after, 
 
 Israel Tan Meckenen. 
 
 Case XIII. 
 
 Hulderichi ab Hutten in H. Aleandru & M. Caracciolum In- 
 Tectivae singulse, etc. 1521. 4° 
 
 The Invectives of Ulrich von Hutten against Mean- 
 der and Caraccioli, and against the cardinals and 
 others opposing Luther at the Diet of Worms ; also 
 his exhortation to the Emperor Charles V. in 
 favour of Luther. With the motto " Jacta est alea." 
 On the first page is the portrait of Ulrich von 
 Hutten as Knight and Poet Laureate. 
 
 A dyaloge of syr Thomas More. Wheryn be treatyd dyvers 
 maters, as of the veneracyon of ymages, etc. Wyth 
 many other thyngs touchyng the pestylent secte of 
 Luther & Tyndale, ete. London, 1531. fol. 
 
 Eruditissimi Viri Guilielmi Kossei opus quo refellit insanas 
 
 Lutheri calumnias, ete. Londini, 1523. 4°. 
 
 Sir Thomas More's Defence of Henry VIII. against 
 
 the calumnies of Luther. Published under the 
 
 pseudonym " Guilielmus Kosseus." 
 
 Tischreden, oder CoUoquia Doct. Mart. Luther. 
 
 Luther's Tabletalk. 1st edition. 
 
 Eisleben, 1566. fol. 
 
 D'" Martini Lutheri CoUoquia Mensalia. Jjondon, 1652. fol. 
 
 The first English Translation of Luther's "Tisch- 
 reden " or Tabletalk. 
 
32 LUTHER EXHIBITION. 
 
 Case XIV. 
 
 Clag und vormanug gegen dem iibermassigen unchristlichen 
 gewalt des Bapsts zu Eom und der imgeistliche geist- 
 lichen. Durch herren Ulrichen tou Hutten. 
 
 Complaint of the excessive power of the Pope and 
 the unclerical clergy. By Ulrich von Hutten. 
 
 [1520.] 4°. 
 Dialog! Huttenici novi, perquam festivi. 
 
 Humorous Dialogues of Ulrich von Hutten. Prin- 
 cipally directed against the excessive power of the 
 clergy. Luther's followers are here termed 
 LUTHEEICI. 1521. 4°. 
 
 Intimation der hoch beriiempten Universitet Erdtfurt, in Mar- 
 tinum Luther. [1521.] 4°. 
 
 A German translation of the Manifesto of the Erfurt 
 Professors in favour of Luther. 
 
 Wass man halten, unnd antwurten soil, von der spaltung 
 zwischen Martin Luther und Andres Carolstadtt. By 
 W. F. Capito. 8trasshi/rg,'i524:. 4°. 
 
 On the rupture between Luther and Carlstadt. 
 
 Duse Episcopales Bullae, prior Pii, posterior Papistici ponti- 
 iicis, super Doctrina Lutherana et Eomana. 
 
 Mandates of two Bishops on the Lutheran and Romaij 
 doctrine. Edited by Luther himself. 
 
 Wittemhergae, 1524. 4°. 
 
 Wes sich D. Mart. Luther, etc. mit Huldrichen Zwinglin, etc., 
 
 der Streittigen Articul halb, vereint und verglichen 
 
 auff der Convocatz zu Marpurg. 3 Oct. 1529. 8°. 
 
 Articles of common faith agreed upon between Luther 
 
 and Zwingli at the Marburg Conference, 5 Oct. 
 
 - 1529. 8°. 
 
 Furbereytung zum Concilio, etc. By M. Bucer. 
 
 Strassburg, 1533. 4°. 
 Bucer's suggestions for the attainment of Unity on 
 the chief points of Christian doctrine, in view of 
 the proposed General Council. 
 
( S3 ) 
 
 MANUSCEIPTS. 
 
 The following descriptions have leen furnished hy the Department 
 of Manuscripts. 
 
 Case VII. 
 
 1. Letter from Martin Luther to Georgius [Burckard] 
 
 Spalatinus, touching upon various texts quoted in favour 
 of purgatory, and asserting that a disbelief in this 
 doctrine is no proof of heresy. Dated Wittenberg " feria 
 2" post Leonardi " [7 Nov.], 1519. Signed "Martinus 
 Luther, Aug^^" Holograph. Latin. 
 
 2. Letter from Martin Luther [in the handwriting of Melanch- 
 
 tbon] to the Emperor Charles V., in his own defence. 
 Dated Wittenberg, 30 Aug., 1520. Latin. 
 
 3. Letter from Martin Luther to Thomas Cromwell, after- 
 
 wards Earl of Essex, respecting a visit paid to him by 
 Dr. Eobert Barnes, Chaplain to Henry VIII. Dated 
 Wittenberg, " die palmarum, 1536." Holograph. Latin. 
 
 4. Letter from Desiderius Erasmus to Nicholas Everard, 
 
 President of Holland, relating to Luther's marriage. 
 Dated Basle, 24 Dec, 1525. Holograph. Latin. 
 
 5. Contemporary copy, in Spanish, of the Declaration made 
 
 by the Emperor Charles V., against the heresy of 
 Luther and his followers. Dated 19 April, 1521. 
 
 -6. Expenses of the Eevels held at Greenwich, 10th November, 
 1527. Among the characters of a play acted in the 
 King's presence " at the sayd revelles, by clerkes, in 
 the Latyn tong," occur " the errytyke Lewter, lyke a 
 party freer, in russet damaske and blake taffata," and 
 " Lewteres wyef, lyke a frow of Spyeres in AUmayn, in 
 red syllke." 
 
34 LUTHEE EXHIBITION. 
 
 Case VI. 
 
 I. Contemporary account of the ceremony of publishing Pope 
 Leo Xth's sentence against Luther in St. Paul's, 
 London, in the presence of Cardinal Wolsey, Archbishop 
 of York and Papal Legate, the Archbishop of Canter- 
 bury, and others, on the 12th May, 1521. 
 
 The text of this document is as follows : — 
 
 12 May. 
 
 Pops sentenc against Marten Luther, published at 
 London : — 
 
 The xij'" daye of Maye in the yeare of our Lord 1521 
 and in the thirteenth yeare of the raigne of our Souer- 
 ainge Lord Kinge Henry the eighte of that name the 
 Lord Thomas Wolcey by the grace of god Legate de 
 Latere Cardinall of seinct Cecely and Arch Bishop of 
 Yorke came vnto Saint Paules churche of London with 
 the most parte of the Byshops of the Eealme, where hee 
 was receiued with procession and sensid by Mr. Eichard 
 Pace then beeinge Deane of the said churche. After 
 which ceremonies done there were 4 Doctors that bare 
 a Canope of cloth of gold ouer him goinge to the highe 
 Alter where hee made his obligacion which done hee 
 proceeded forth as aboue said to the Crosse in Paules 
 churche yeard where was ordeined a scaffold for the 
 same cause, and hee sittinge vnder his cloth of estate 
 which was ordeined for him his 2 crosses on euerie side 
 of him, on his right hand sittinge on the pace where hee 
 set his feete the Popes Embassador and nexte him the 
 Arch-Byshop of Canterbury on his left hand the Em- 
 perors Embassador and next him the Byshop of Duresme 
 and all the other Byshops with other noble prelates sate 
 on twoe formes oute righte forthe, and then the Byshop 
 of Kochester made a sermon by the consentinge of the 
 whole clergie of England by the commandement of the 
 Pope againste one Maetinus Eleutheeeus, and all his 
 workes because hee erred sore and spake againste the 
 
liUTHER EXHIBITION. 35 
 
 hoUie faithe and denounced them accursed which kept 
 anie of his bookes and there were manie burned in the 
 said churcheyeard of his said bookes duringe the sermon 
 which ended my Lord Cardinall went home to dinner 
 with all the other Prselates. 
 
 8. Latin treatises of Peter Albinianus Tretius, Doctor of 
 
 Laws at Venice, against Luther, inscribed to Pope 
 Clement VII. in 1524. 
 
 Apparently the Author's autograph. 
 
 9. " One of the highe articles of the most holy Popishe Faythe 
 
 called Donatio Constantini. Translated into Deutche, 
 throughe Doctour Martyn Luther, and sent forthe, with 
 a glose and a coment agaynst the tyme that the fayned 
 Counsaill shuld be holden at Mantua. In the yere of 
 our Lorde 1537." 
 
 10. Letter of Philip Melanchthon to Leonard Culman, acknow- 
 ledging and sending him a criticism on a treatise 
 [Quomodo afflicti segroti ac morituri instituendi et 
 consolandi ?]. Dated " die Conuersionis Pauli " [25 Jan. 
 1553]. Holograph. 
 
 2 
 
( 36 ) 
 
 POETEAITS, etc. 
 
 Case IV. 
 
 The following is a description of the Portraits, drawn up by 
 Mr. G. W. Eeid, Keeper of the Department of Prints 
 and Drawings. 
 
 Portrait of Chaeles V. ; to the knees, standing, in armour, 
 bare-headed, wearing the order of the Golden Fleece, a 
 drawn sword in his right hand. Engraved by Lucas 
 Vorsterman, from the picture by Titian. 
 
 Portrait of Desideeius Erasmus; nearly whole length, 
 sitting at a desk, writing, with the ink-bottle in his 
 hand ; on the wall is a large square tablet inscribed 
 " Imago . Erasmi . Eoterodami . ab . Alberto . Durero 
 
 ad . vivam . EflSgiem . Deliniata m.d.xxvi." 
 
 Engraved by Albert Diirer. 
 
 Portrait of Maetin Luther; to the waist, in dress of an 
 Augustinian friar, with tonsure, holding a half-open 
 book; between pillars which are decorated with ara- 
 besques and bear the date 1520: "JEterna ipsa suae 
 msentis simvlachra Lvthervs exprimit at vvltvs cera Ivcae 
 occidvos M.D.XXI." Woodcut by Lucas Cranach. 
 
 Portrait of Feedeeick III., called "the Wise," Elector 
 OP Saxony, friend and protector of Luther ; bust, wear- 
 ing large cap and furred gown; square tablet below 
 inscribed : " Christo • Sacrum . lUe . Dei . Yerbo . Mag- 
 na . Pietate . Favebat . Perpetva . Dignvs . Posteritate . 
 Coli . D . Fridr . Dvci . Saxon . S . E . Imp . Archim . 
 Electori . Albertvs . Dvrer . Nvr . Faciebat . B . M . F . 
 V . V . — M.D.XXIIII." Engraved by Albert Durer. 
 
 Portraits of Hans and Maegaret Luther, the parents 
 of Martin Luther. 
 
 Portrait of Martin Luther ; delivering a lecture in a cham- 
 ber; nearly to the knees, standing, holding a small 
 book ; on table before him are a skull resting on an 
 open book and an hour-glass standing on a closed book. 
 Coloured woodcut. 
 
LUTHER EXHIBITION. 37 
 
 Portrait of Maetin Luther ; a head, with beard and mous- 
 tache ; as he appeared during his concealment at the 
 Castle of Wartburg, near Eisenach, 1521, where he was 
 known as " Junker Georg ;" above is the word 
 "Lutherus," with "in Pathmo" added in MS., in 
 allusion to Wartburg, which he afterwards always spoke 
 of as his Patmos. Woodcut. 
 
 Portrait of Martin Luther ; whole length, standing, wear- 
 ing a furred gown, holding a small book with both 
 hands ; above is " Doctor Martin Luther," and at the side 
 are printed in type the leading Incidents in his career. 
 Woodcut by Lucas Cranach, whose mark, the winged 
 dragon, is in the lower left corner. 
 
 Portrait of Martin Luther ; after death ; he lies on a 
 pallet on the floor of a chamber, clad in a long white 
 garment, his arms folded over his breast, his head sup- 
 ported by a pillow. Below is "Ware Contrafactiir 
 Herrn Doctoris Martini Lutheri wis er in seinen sterb- 
 kittel angethan gewesen nach dem er anno 1546 am 
 tage Concordise im 63. Jare seines alters zu Eissleben 
 seligklich im Herrn eingeschlaffen," with two long 
 columns of verses. A woodcut, carefully coloured. 
 
 Portrait of Catharine von Bora, wife of Luther ; to the 
 waist, in dress trimmed with fur, her hair confined in a 
 net. Woodcut attributed to Lucas Cranach the younger. 
 
 Case V. 
 Portrait of Dr. John Eok, opponent of Luther; to the 
 waist, wearing furred cap and cape, and holding a book ; 
 in oval frame inscribed "Johannes Eckius Canonicus 
 Theologiae Doctor et Propagator Eccle. Eom. "; below 
 is « Natus in pago Eck. 13 Nov. 1486. Obiit 10 Febr. 
 1543 ffit. 57. Procancellarius Acad. Ingoldstad." 
 Anonymous engraving. 
 
 Portrait of Charles V., Emperor op Germany; half- 
 length, in armour, wearing the order of the Golden 
 
38 LUTHEE EXHIBITION. 
 
 Fleece, and bearing a drawn sword. Keproduction of 
 a woodcut after Titian. 
 
 Portrait of King Henry VIII. ; on horseback, riding to the 
 right, wearing hat with feather and short furred gown ; 
 in the upper right hand corner are the royal arms. A 
 curious and hitherto unnoticed woodcut, representing 
 the king at an early period of his reign. 
 
 Portrait of Francis von Sickingen, friend and supporter 
 of Luther ; to the waist, bareheaded, and in armour. 
 Inscribed above : " Franciscus von Sickingen." Below : 
 " Allein Got di er lieb, den gemeine nucz beschirm di 
 gerechtikej. — I. H." By J. Hopfer. 
 
 Portrait of Martin Luther; in dress of an Augustinian 
 friar, with tonsure ; to the waist ; preaching, with a Bible 
 before him, a nimbus round his head and the Holy 
 Spirit descending upon him in the form of a dove. 
 Woodcut, from a design by Lucas Cranach. 
 
 Portrait of Philip Melanchthon ; bust, nearly in profile ; 
 below is " 1526. Viventis . Potvit . Dvrerivs . Ora . 
 Philippl . Mentem . Non . Potvit . Pingere . Docta . 
 Manvs." Engraved by Albert Diirer. 
 
 Portrait of Desiderius Erasmus ; whole length, standing 
 under a richly decorated arch, and resting his hand on 
 the head of a " Terminvs ;" on a tablet suspended over 
 his head is inscribed " Er. Eot.," and in a cartouche at 
 the bottom are four Latin lines : — " Pallas Apellaeam 
 nuper mirata tabellam," etc. Woodcut by Hans 
 Holbein. 
 
 Portrait of Pope Leo X., occurring in the " xxvii Pontificum 
 Maximorum Imagines " of Panvinius, published at Rome 
 in 1568. 
 
 Portrait of John Cochl^us [Dobneck], theologian and 
 opponent of Luther; to the waist, wearing cap and 
 cloak, a book in his right hand. Small anonymous 
 etching. 
 
LUTHBE EXHTBITTOy. 39 
 
 Case X. 
 
 Portrait of Thomas Muntzek, founder of the sect of Ana- 
 baptists, and leader in the Peasants' War ; to the waist, 
 preaching, with a book open before him. " Tomas Mimcer 
 Prediger zu Alstet in Dvringen." Engraved by Chris- 
 toffel van Sichem. Printed in the centre of a broad- 
 side entitled " Eyghentlucke afbeeldinghe ende corte 
 Historie van Thomas Muntser Predicker tot Alstadt in 
 Duringhen int Jaer 1525." 
 
 Portrait of Febdeeick III., Elector of Saxony; called 
 " The Wise "; to the waist, in furred gown, under an arch ; 
 the arms of Saxony in upper corners ; below is a 
 scroll inscribed — " Herzogenn Fridrichs zu Sachsen 
 des Heiligenn Eomischen Reichs . . . ontrafec. 1524." 
 Woodcut by Lucas Cranach. 
 
 Portrait of John I., Electok of Saxony; called "The 
 Constant " ; to the waist ; in oval frame, inscribed 
 " Johannes I. Constans. v Dvx Saxoniae etc. Elector " ; 
 two Latin lines below : " Dux hie Johannes Augustos 
 Saxo creabat," etc. Engraved by Wolfgang Kilian. 
 
 Portrait of Hans Sachs, the Lutlieran poet, in his 82nd 
 year — 1576. Engraved by Jost Amman. 
 
 Portrait of John Feederick, Electoe op Saxony ; called 
 " The Magnanimous " ; bust, bare-headed ; with arms of 
 Saxony in the upper corners, and the date 1547 at the 
 bottom on the right. Woodcut by Lucas Cranach the 
 younger. 
 
 Portrait of John Feedeeick, Electoe of Saxony ; to the 
 waist, wearing hat with feathers and furred gown ; in 
 an oval frame inscribed " Johannes Fridericvs I. Mag- 
 nanimvs. VI Dvx Saxon. Elect." Two Latin lines 
 below : — " Quo populis Caesar poterat dare iura legente," 
 etc. Engraved by Wolfgang Kilian. 
 
 Portrait of Philip, Landgeave of Hesse ; whole length, 
 standing in a niche, within a rich architectural frame ; 
 he is clad in armour, and holds a spear in his right 
 hand, a baton in his left ; his plumed helmet lies at his 
 feet. Engraved by Dominicus Custos. 
 
40 LUTHEE EXHIBITION. 
 
 Case YI. 
 
 Eepresentation of a dream which Frederick III., Elector of 
 Saxony, was said to have had at Schweidnitz the night 
 before Martin Luther affixed his Theses against Indul- 
 gences to the door of the church at Wittenberg. Luther 
 is writing on the door with a pen of great length, which, 
 passing through the head of a lion, emblematical of the 
 Church of Eome, knocks the tiara off the head of Pope 
 Leo X. From this pen smaller ones are being drawn by 
 other Eeformers, and on the right two men are drawing 
 feathers from a goose which is being burnt, and is 
 intended to represent John Huss. Above is " G6ttlicher 
 Schriffmessiger woldenckwfirdiger Traum welchen der 
 Hochl6bliche Gottselige Churfurst Friederich zu-Sach- 
 sen," etc. Woodcut, 1617. 
 
 Published in 1617, to commemorate the first centenary of 
 Luther's protest against Indulgences in 1517. 
 
 Presentation of the Confession of Augsburg, June 25, 1530. 
 The Emperor Charles V. is seated on his throne, re- 
 ceiving the confession of faith from the Protestant 
 princes who stand before him ; — they are John, Elector 
 of Saxony ; George, Margrave of Brandenburg- Anspach ; 
 Ernest, Duke of Luneburg ; Philip, Landgrave of Hesse ; 
 Wolfgang, Prince of Anhalt ; and the representatives 
 of the free cities of Nuremberg and Kentlingen : 
 " Alibilding welcher Gestalt vor dem Grosmachtigsten 
 Keyser Carln dem V ufm Eeichstag zu Augspurgk im 
 Jahr Christi mdxxx den xxv Tag des Brae Monats," etc. 
 Engraved by J. Diirr, 1630. Printed on vellum and 
 coloured. 
 
 Published in 1630, to commemorate the first centenary of 
 the Augsburg Confession-in 1530. 
 
 Portrait of Sir Thomas Moee. Engraved by E. Elstrack. 
 
 Portrait of John Fishee, Bishop of Eochester, a staunch 
 upholder of the supremacy of the Pope against Luther. 
 Beheaded, 1535. Engraved by F. van VVyngaerde from 
 the painting by Holbein. 
 
LUTHER EXHIBITION. 41 
 
 There is also exhibited in Case VI. a portrait of Luther in 
 oil, formerly hung among the portraits in the Eastern 
 Zoological Gallery. 
 
 Case XIII. 
 
 Kepresentation of the surrender of John Feedeeick, Elector 
 of Saxony, to the Emperor Charles V., at the battle of 
 Miihlberg, in 1547. Said to have been painted by 
 Giulio CloTio from an engraving by Martin Heemskerk. 
 The drawing on the opposite page is supposed to be by 
 the hand of Heemskerk himself. 
 
 Portrait of JoDOCUS or Justus Jonas, Professor at Witten- 
 berg and friend of Luther ; to the waist, wearing cap 
 and furred gown. Inscribed : " Justus Jonas." 
 
 Portrait of Dleich Zwingli, the Swiss Eeformer ; to the 
 waist, wearing cap and cloat. Inscribed : " Huldericus 
 Zwinglius Ecclesiastes Tigurinus nat . 1487 . ob . 1531 . 
 ii Oct. i Januar." 
 
 Portrait of Maetin Bucee, the Keformer ; to the waist, bare- 
 headed, wearing gown. Inscribed : " Martinus Bucer." 
 
 Portrait of Beenaed Knippeedolling, Anabaptist of 
 Miinster ; to the waist, wearing cap and cloak. In upper 
 right corner is a hand holding a sword, surrounded by a 
 wreath. At the top is " waerhaftich gekonterf'et Bernt 
 Knipperdollick, der XII. Hertogen eyn tho Monster;" 
 and below — " Ignotus nullis Knipperdollingius oris. Talis 
 era sospes cum mihivita foret," followed by the name of 
 the engraver "Henricus Aldegrever " and the date 1536. 
 
 Portrait of John Beukelsen, known as John of Leyden, 
 king of the Anabaptists ; to the waist, holding a scroll 
 and book, with a sceptre resting on his arm ; in upper left 
 corner is a transparent globe pierced with two daggers 
 and surmounted by a royal crown. At the top is " Johan. 
 va. Leiden, ey. Koninck der Wederdoper," etc. ; and on a 
 tablet below — " Haec . facies . hie . cultus . erat . . . . sed 
 breve . tepus . ego . Henricus . Aldegrever . Suzatie . 
 faciebat . anno M.D.xxxvi." Engraved by Heinrich 
 Aldegrever. 
 
42 LUTHEU EXHIBITION. 
 
 Portrait of Uleich von Hutten, the Lutheran knight and 
 poet ; to the waist, in armour, with a laurel wreath on 
 his head ; in oval frame, with tablet inscribed " Ulric 
 de Hutten Gentilhomme de Franconie Poete Lutherien 
 ne a Steckelberg et mouriit pres de Zurich en 1523." 
 Engraved by B. Desrochers. 
 
 Portrait of Uleich von Hutten; to the waist, wearing 
 broad cap and gown, his hand resting on the hilt of his 
 dagger. Engraved by Abraham W. Kiifner. 
 
 Melanchthon. Corpus Doctrinse Ohristianae. Lipsiie, 1572. 8°. 
 
 German binding of the 16th century, with portraits of 
 Luther and Melanchthon impressed on the covers. 
 
 Case XIV. 
 
 View of the Castle of Wartburg, Luther's " Patmos." Litho- 
 graphed, 1799. 
 
 Watercolour drawing of the Castle of Wartburg. 
 
 Portrait of Joachim Cameeaeius, the biographer of Melanch- 
 thon; to the waist, wearing cap and gown. Inscribed : 
 
 Joaohimus Camerarius 
 Quis merita te laude ferat Camerarie ? gentis 
 
 Qui gloria antiquas et deous, 
 Sic certe Germani ooulus nitidissimus orbis 
 
 Dicendus es vel me arbitro, 
 Te Grraiee pariter patrem Latiaaque camosnaa 
 Venerantur, agnosount: colunt. 
 
 By J. Wierix. 
 
 On the table in the Grenville Eoom is a statuette of Luther, 
 modelled in terra-cotta, by Mr. Charles Martin, after 
 Lucas Cranach's portrait. Lent for exhibition by Mr. 
 Martin. 
 
( 43 ) 
 
 MEDALS. 
 
 Case V. 
 
 The following is a description of the Medals shown in the 
 Exhibition, drawn up ly Me. C. F. Keaey, of the Depart- 
 ment of Coins and Medals. 
 
 The art of medal engraving had only reached Germany a 
 few years before Luther began to make his name known as a 
 Eeformer. It was still a very costly process, and confined 
 altogether to the service of the great. This accounts for the 
 fact that we have only few contemporary medals of Luther 
 and the other actors in the Eeformation, excepting those of a 
 more exalted rank, such as Pope Leo X., the Emperor Charles V., 
 Henry VIII. of England, and the Electors of Saxony. The 
 three medals, however, which appear first in the list, are con- 
 temporary portraits of Luther. They are followed by others 
 which are only commemorative. 
 
 1. Bust of Luther, three-quarters, towards right, in doctor's 
 
 gown and cap, and holding in his right hand his trans- 
 lation of the Bible. Legend: DOCTOR MARTI NVS 
 LVTHER PROPHETA GERMANIAE MDXXXVIII. (Doctor 
 Martin Luther, Germany's Prophet, 1538.) 
 Beverse. Two winged Genii supporting a shield bearing 
 a rose, in the centre of which a heart, with cross 
 issuing from it. Legend: IN SILENTIO ET SPE ERIT 
 FORTITVDO VESTRA MDXXXVIII. (In quietness and in 
 confidence shall be your strength — Isa. xxx. 15.) 
 
 2. Bust of Luther, to left, in doctor's cap and gown. In 
 
 the field beside his head ^^ |^^]{! (Martin Luther, priest 
 
 of Wittenberg). Legend: os ET SATIENCIA [for 
 SAPIENTIAM] DABO VOBIS CVI NEMO P0TER[l]T 
 CO[N]T[RA]DlCERE ZC and below LV. 21. (I will give 
 you a mouth and wisdom which no one shall be able to 
 gainsay, &c. — Luke xxi.) 
 Beverse. A rose, in the centre of which a heart marked 
 with a cross (the badge adopted by Luther). Legend : 
 IN SILENTIO, etc., as on last medal. 
 
44 LUTHER EXHIBITION. 
 
 3. Bust of Luther, three-quarters, towards left, in doctor's 
 gown, bareheaded. Legend: DOCTOR martinvs 
 LVTHERVS PROPHETA GERMANIAE PESTIS ERAM VIVVS 
 MORTEVS [for MORTUUS] ERO MORS TVA PAPA 
 MDXLVll. (I, Dr. Martin Luther, Germany's Prophet, 
 when alive. Pope, was thy plague, now dead I shall be 
 thy death.) 
 
 {No Reverse.) 
 
 The medal was no doubt made almost immediately after the 
 death of Luther. The portrait bears a close resemblance to 
 some of the contemporary prints, from which it was probably 
 to a great extent copied. The strong feeling expressed in the 
 legend is another reason for supposing that the medal belongs 
 to the warmest period of the Reformation struggles. 
 
 Medal attributed to Albert DCrer. 
 4. Bust of Luther to left, bare-headed. 
 
 Beverse. The monogram of Albert Durer, A.D. above 
 which D.M.L. (Doctor Martin Luther) and below 1526. 
 It is very doubtful whether this medal is really by Albert 
 Diirer though it is signed with his usual signature. Certainly 
 the actual specimen here presented is not by Diirer. 
 
 A smaller medal, which has much the appearance of being 
 genuine, is engraved by Juncker in his Ehren-Geddchtniss 
 Lutheri, p. 96. 
 
 Catherine von Bora. 
 5. An alabaster medallion supposed to be a portrait of 
 Catherine von Bora, the wife of Luther. She wears a 
 narrow frill and cap with veil. The back of the 
 medallion is inscribed Catarina de Bore. Lent by 
 T. Whitcombe Greene, Esq. 
 
 Memorial Medals. 
 
 Memorial medals of Luther and of the Reformation began 
 to circulate in large numbers soon after the death of the for- 
 mer, and during the century which followed. Some of these 
 
LUTHER EXHIBITION. 45 
 
 present the bust of Luther upon one side, and on the other the 
 bust of John Huss or his full-length figure bound to the stake, 
 Huss being considered the predecessor of Luther in the path 
 of religious reform. Other medals have these reverse types 
 united. But though they bear the date 1415, it is quite 
 certain that they belong to the post-Eeformation period, 
 none having been made before the middle of the sixteenth 
 century. 
 
 Some of these memorial medals are given below. 
 
 Jubilee, 1630. 
 
 6. Half-length figure of Luther, nearly full face, in doctor's 
 
 gown, bareheaded. In his left hand he holds an open 
 Bible and points with his right to the words VERBVM 
 DOMINI MANET IN /ETERNVM 1630 (The word of the 
 Lord endureth for ever — 1 Peter i. 25). Legend: 
 SCHEME (for SCHAME) DICH NIGHT DES ZEUGNISZES 
 MEINES HERRN SCHEME DICH AVCH MEINER NICHT. 
 (Be not ashamed of the testimony of our Lord nor of 
 me.) PAVL:2. TIM:1. 25 IVNY 1530. 
 
 Beverse. 
 
 lETZT IVBILIRT DIE CHRISTENHEIT 
 UND DANCKT GOTT FVR DIE GNADENZEIT 
 DA DCOCTOR] LVTHERS HAND VND MVND 
 SEIN WORT DER KIRCHEN MACHTE KVNDT 
 DEN 25 IVNY AO. 1630. 
 
 (Now Christendom holds jubilee 
 
 And thanks God for the time of grace 
 
 When Doctor Luther's hand and mouth 
 
 Unto the Church His Word declared— 25 June 1630.) 
 
 ElSLEBEN, 1661. 
 
 7. Bust of Luther, facing, in doctor's gown, bareheaded. Below 
 
 the date 1661. Legend : Wlaxt Sutler ber ^[eiligen] ©c^rift 
 S)[Dctor,] roeilanb $prcb[tger] u. SProfeCffor] 5. SittenB. (Martin 
 Luther, Doctor of Holy Writ, formerly Preacher and 
 Professor at Wittenberg.) 
 
46 LUTHEE EXHIBITION. 
 
 Reverse. View of the town of Eisleben with rays from 
 heaven descending on it. Legend : 
 
 ©otteg SBort u[nb] Ui^txi »el)r 
 33erge^[e]t nun u[nb] nlmmerme^r. SSleite. 
 
 (God's word and Luther's lore, depart not now nor ever- 
 more. Eisleben.) 
 
 Second Jubilee, 1717. 
 
 8. Bust of Luther, to right, in doctor's gown, bareheaded. 
 
 Eound the head IVBILEVM SECVNDVM, and below 
 N. 1483 OBT. 1546. Legend (chronogrammatic) : 
 MartInV sLVtherVs teoLogIae DoCtor. (Mar- 
 tin Luther, Doctor of Theology.) The date given by 
 the large letters is 1717. 
 Reverse. Bust of John Huss, right, in square cap. Beside the 
 bust lOA HVS. Legend : CREDO VNAM ESSE ECCLESIAM 
 SANCTAM CATHOLICAM. (I believe that there is one 
 holy Catholic Church.) 
 
 Second Jubilee of the Confession of Augsbdeg, 1730, 
 HELD AT Amsterdam. 
 
 9. Bust of Luther, head right, in doctor's gown, bareheaded. 
 
 Eound head, MARTI NVS LVTHERVS D. Outside, imited 
 by chains, are the shields of the seven Protestant States 
 and Princes which subscribed to the Confession of Augs- 
 burg, viz. (from left to right), Nuremberg ; PhUip, Land- 
 grave of Hesse ; George, Margrave of Brandenburg ; 
 John, Elector of Saxony ; Ernest, Duke of Liineburg ; 
 Wolfgang, Prince of Anhalt ; and the town of Eeutlingen. 
 Reverse. Allegorical design: — Truth beside Eeligion, and 
 pointing out to her a temple near which St. George is 
 descending to fight with Dragon of Error; Eeligion 
 holds a Bible inscribed BIBLIA SACRA and tramples 
 on Eomish emblems. To the right Time engraves a 
 second C upon a pyramid. Legend : 
 
 NVMMVS MNEMONICVS SECVNDl IVBIL/El POST EDITAM 
 AVGCVST/E] VIND[ELICORVM] FIDEI CONFESSIONEM . 
 AMSTELODAMI . MDCCXXX D . XXV . IVN EXC. 
 (Medal commemorative of the second Jubilee of the 
 Confession of Augsburg. Amsterdam, June 25, 1730.) 
 
LDTHER EXHIBITION. 47 
 
 The above, besides being memorial medals of Luther him- 
 self, are most of them, as will be seen, memorials of one or 
 other of the Jubilees of the Eeformation. The dates generally 
 chosen for these celebrations are not, as on the present occasion, 
 the anniversary of Luther's birth, but the anniversary of 
 Luther's first attack upon the system of Indulgences (1517) or 
 of the signing by the chief Protestant States of the Confession 
 of Augsburg (1530). 
 
 It was on the 31st of October, 1517, that Luther fixed upon 
 the church door of Wittenberg the 95 Theses against indulgences. 
 This event was celebrated in the first Eeformation Jubilee ever 
 held. It was kept pretty generally in the Protestant States of 
 Germany and by the Lutherans of the Low Countries, but 
 especially in Saxony, the Electors of which country were so 
 closely connected with the fortunes of Luther and of the Ee- 
 formation. The following are specimens of memorial pieces 
 struck on these occasions. 
 
 First Luther Jubilee, 1617. 
 
 10. HaK-figure of the Elector of Saxony, John George I. He is 
 clad in the robes and cap of the Electors, and holds the 
 sword of state, the right of bearing which belonged to 
 the Electors of Saxony. Below him is the shield of 
 Saxony. Beside head lOH GEOR. Legend: VERBVM 
 DOMINI MANET IN /ETERNVM. (The word of the 
 Lord endureth for ever— 1 Pet. i. 25), and the date 
 1617. 
 Reverse. Half-figure of the Elector of Saxony, Frederick III., 
 called the Wise, dressed in the same manner as his de- 
 scendant. Beside the head FR ID III Legend: SECVLVM 
 LVTHERANVM. (Luther Centenary.) Below 1517. 
 
 First Jubilee op the Confession oe Augsburg, 1630. 
 
 11. The Confession of Augsburg was drawn up by Melanch- 
 thon' under the supervision of Luther. Seven Protestant 
 States and Princes put their signatures to it, and it was 
 published on the 25th June, 1530. 
 
 Half-figure of John George I., Elector of Saxony, to right, in 
 electoral robes and holding sword of state. Beside his 
 
48 LUTHEK EXHIBITION. 
 
 head ioh geor and above 1630 25 Juny (June 25). 
 
 Legend: CONFESSCIONIS] LUTHEFiCAN/E] AUGEUST/E] 
 EXHIBIT/E SEGULUM. (The centenary of the publica- 
 tion of the Confession of Augsburg.) 
 Reverse. Half-figure of the Elector John the Steadfast, in 
 electoral robes and holding sword of state. Beside his 
 head IOANNES, and above 1530 25 Juny. Legend: 
 TURRIS FORTISSIMA NOMEN DOMINI. (The name of 
 the Lord is a strong tower — Prov. xviii. 10.) 
 
 The motto chosen for the reverse is almost identical with 
 the beginning of Luther's famous hymn, "Ein' feste Burg 
 ist unser Gott." 
 
 Medals of the Electors of Saxony, 
 
 We add here some further portraits of the Electors of 
 Saxony. The intimate relation in which this house stood to 
 Luther and the large share it had in furthering the cause of 
 the Eeformation, give the following medals a proper place in 
 the Exhibition. 
 
 Eeedeeick III. (the Wise), 1514. 
 
 {Elector, 1486, d. May 5, 1525.] 
 
 12. Bust of Frederick, to right, in armour and tight-fitting 
 cap; behind head, 1514. Legend: fridcericvs] dvx 
 SAX[ONI>E] ELECTCOR] IMPERIQVE LOCVM TENE[N]S 
 generalcis]. (Frederick Duke of Saxony, Elector and 
 Vicar-General of the Empire.) 
 
 Reverse. Single-headed spread eagle nimbate, and bearing 
 shield of Austria. Legend: MAXIMILIANVS romanorvm 
 REX semper avgvstvs. (Maximilian King of the 
 Romans, Semper Augustus.) 
 
 Frederick the Wise, Elector of Saxony, was the son of 
 Ernest, the founder of the Ernestine Line of the Saxon Dukes. 
 He was the most powerful among the contemporary princes of 
 the Empire, and was on that account made Vicar-General of 
 the Empire, an act which the above medal was struck to com- 
 memorate. The story of his dream is illustrated in the 
 woodcut shown in Case VI. 
 
LUTHEK EXHIBITION. 49 
 
 The protection which he gave to Luther at the Diet of 
 Worms and subsequently is well known. 
 
 This medal is a fine specimen of the early German medallic 
 art, and may be from the hand of Diirer himself. 
 
 Fkedeeick the Wise. 1522. 
 
 13. Bust of Frederick, to right, in cloak and square cap. 
 
 Legend: FRID. DVX . SAXON. S.RO. IMP. ELECT. 
 (Frederick, Duke of Saxony, Elector of the Holy Roman 
 Empire.) 
 
 Reverse. Eound a cross and circle the date M DXXl 1 , and out- 
 side, the legend VERBVM DOMINI MANET IN AETERNVM. 
 (The word of the Lord endureth for ever — 1 Peter i. 25.) 
 
 Frederick the Wise. Posthumous Medal. 1535. 
 
 14. Bust of Frederick, to left, in cloak and close-fitting cap. 
 
 Legend: FRIDERICH DVX SAXONIE. 
 
 Beverse. Shield of Saxony. Legend: VERBVM DOMINI, 
 etc. 1535. 
 
 John the Constant. [1525—1532.] 
 
 15. Bust, to right, in furred cloak and ermined cap. Legend : 
 
 lOANNES ELECTCOR] DVX SAXONi>c (John, Elector, 
 Duke of Saxony.) 
 Beverse. Horsemen in armour. M DXXX. 
 
 Posthumous Medal, Jubilee of Confession of Augsburg, 1630. 
 
 16. Half-figure of John, facing, in electoral robes, holding 
 
 sword of state. Legend: VERBVM DOMINI, etc. DEN 
 25 IVNY 1530. 
 
 Beverse. 
 
 lOHANNIS CHVRFVRST ZV SAGHSEN THVT 
 BEKENNEN FREY AVS HELDENMVTH 
 DAS DIE LEHR SO ER VBERGEBEN 
 SEY DIE RECHT SCHNVR ZVM EWIGEN LEBEN 
 DEN 25 IVNY AO 1630. 
 
 (John, Elector of Saxony, proclaims 
 Like a hero free and fearlessly 
 That the doctrine as Luther has delivered it 
 Is the true tic to everlasting life.) 
 
 D 
 
50 JiTJTHER EXHIBITION. 
 
 John the Constant was the Elector who presented to Charles V. 
 the famous Confession of Augsburg, which united the Pro- 
 testants of Germany and has since formed the basis of the 
 articles of the Lutheran creed. The first of these medals was 
 struck in the year of this event ; the second on its centenary. 
 
 John Feederick the Magnanimous. 
 [Elector, 1532—1547 ; BuJce only, 1547—1553.] 
 
 17. Bust of John Frederick, to right, in tunic with chain, bare- 
 
 headed. Legend: lOANNES FRIDERICVS DVX ELECTOR 
 SAXONIAE DMXLVll (sic). (John Frederick, Duke, Elector 
 of Saxony, 1547.) 
 Reverse. Helmeted figure holding two shields, of Dukedom 
 and of Electorate. Legend : PRO VEROE (sic) reli- 
 GIONI (sic) ET LIBERTAITE] GERMACNI/E]. (For the 
 True Eeligion and the Freedom of Germany.) 
 
 John Frederick was the chief promoter of the Schmalcaldic 
 League, in which the reforming princes joined their forces to 
 defend their cause against the Emperor Charles V. They, with 
 John Frederick at their head, were defeated at the battle of Miihl- 
 berg, 1547. John Frederick was deprived of the electorate, 
 which was conferred upon his cousin Prince Maurice. The 
 medal was doubtless struck when John Frederick first took up 
 arms. It is very probably the work of Lucas Cranach, the 
 painter and medallist, and the friend of Luther. Cramach 
 shared the imprisonment of his patron the Elector after the 
 battle of Miihlberg. 
 
 Philip the Magnanimous, Landgeaye of Hesse. 
 [1509—1567.] 
 
 18. Bust of the Landgrave, to right, in tunic, cloak, and 
 
 plumed hat. Legend: philip[pv]s landt gravf zv 
 
 HESSE. Lent by T. Whitcombe Greene, Esq. 
 
 Philip was the son of William II., Landgrave of Hesse and 
 
 Count of Katzenelnbogen, by Anna, daughter of the Duke of 
 
 Mecklenburg. Born Nov. 13, 1504, he succeeded his father 
 
 while still only a child. The leading part which he played in 
 
LUTHEE EXHIBITION. 51 
 
 the Eeformation is well kDOwn. He was one of those who 
 guaranteed the safety of Luther on his appearance before the 
 Diet of Worms. He openly declared himself in favour of his 
 doctrine in 1524. He joined the Schmalcaldic League, was 
 defeated with the Elector of Saxony at the battle of Miihlberg, 
 1547, and subsequently imprisoned till 1552. He died on the 
 31st March, 1567. 
 
 Desidekius Erasmus, [b. 1467 — d. 1536.] 
 
 19. Bust of Erasmus, to left, in gown and square cap. 
 Beside bust, ER[ASMVS] rotcerodamivsj. Below 1519. 
 
 Legends: IMAGO AD VIVACM] EFFIGIEM EXPRESSA. 
 (His image made after the living likeness.) THN 
 KPEITTn [ElKONA] TA SiVrrPAMMATA AEIZEI. (His 
 writings will give a better image still.) 
 
 Meverse. A terminal figure, looking to the left. On the 
 
 base, TERMINVS (The End); and, beside the head, 
 
 CONCEDO NVLLI (I yield to none). Legends : OPA 
 
 TEAOZ MAKPOY BiOY. (Look to the end of a long life.) 
 
 MORS VLTIMA LlNEA RERV[M> (Death the last goal of 
 
 all things). 
 
 Erasmus was born at Eotterdam and died at Bale. He is 
 
 only remotely connected with the Reformation of Luther, as 
 
 one of those who did most to spread the "New Learning" in 
 
 Northern Europe. He is in this way closely linked with 
 
 Sir Thomas More, whose medal is given below (No. 33). 
 
 Philip Melanchthon, 1543. 
 
 20 Bust of Philip Melanchthon, to left, in cap and gown. Legend 
 (partly effaced) : [PHlLlPPVS] MELANTHON Ao ^tatis 
 SV/E XLVIl. (Philip Melanchthon in the 47th year of 
 his age.) 
 Beverse. PSAL 36. SVBDITVS ESTO D[OMIN]0 ET ORA 
 EVM. (Best in the Lord and wait patiently for him.— 
 Auth. Version.) 
 By John of Magdeburg, the Medallist. 
 
52 lutheb exhibition. 
 
 21. Another, 
 
 Which differs from the first only ia giving the head of 
 Melanchthon bare. 
 
 The name Melanchthon is only a G-reek rendering of Melanch- 
 thon's true name Schwarzerde, Angliee " Black Earth." Me- 
 lanchthon was born in 1497 at Britten in the Lower Palatinate. 
 He was thus 14 years younger than Luther. He was in 1518 
 made Professor of Greek at the University of Wittenberg, 
 founded by the Elector Frederick of Saxony. Though of a 
 different character from Luther, he always remained his friend 
 and disciple. In 1530 he drew up, under Luther's superin- 
 tendence, the Confession of Augsburg. 
 
 John op Leyden, 1536. 
 
 22. Half-figure of John of Leyden, three-quarters, towards left, 
 
 with orb and sceptre, and holding scroll and book. 
 (Copied from engraving by H. Aldegrever exhibited.) 
 Below figure, WARHAFTICH CONTER (true counter). 
 Legend: lOHAN VAN LEIDEN EINKONINCK DER WEDER- 
 DOPER zo MONSTER- (John of Leyden, King of the 
 Anabaptists of Miinster.) 
 
 Reverse. Imperial orb pierced by two swords, crown above. 
 Legend: GOTTES MACHT 1ST MYN CRACHT (God's 
 might is my strength) MDXXXVl. 
 
 Another. 
 
 23. Bust, to left, in tuiiic, chain, and narrow-brimmed hat: 
 
 Legend: lOHAN VOCN] LEIDEN CONINCK ZCV] MVNStTER] 
 Reverse. Shield, helmet, and crest. 
 
 John of Leyden's real name was Jolm Beukelsen, and he was 
 son of an innkeeper of Leyden. He joined the Anabaptists 
 in 1534, and very soon became their leader. In Miinster he 
 established in 1535 the community of the New Sion. Miinster 
 was besieged and taken in 1536 and John of Leyden put to 
 death. 
 
 The above two medals are both remarkably fine specimens of 
 German medallic art. It is noticeable that the legends on the 
 first are in Low German. 
 
lutheu exhibition. 53 
 
 Casimir Margrave of Brandenburg-Beyruth and his 
 WIFE Susanna, 1525. 
 
 24. Bust of Casimir to right, bareheaded, in armour, chain 
 
 round neck. Legend: CASIMIRCVSJ MARCH branon . 
 MDXXV. Beverse : Bust of Susanna to left, in broad hat, 
 low dress, and chain round neck. Legend : SVSAN : 
 MARGGREV zv BRAN MDXXV- Lent by T. Whitcombe 
 Greene, Esq. 
 
 Casimir was the son of Frederick, Margrave of Anspach, 
 and grandson of Albert Achilles, Elector of Brandenburg. He 
 became Margrave of Brandenburg-Bayreuth in 1515. He 
 was generally favourable to the principles of the Eeformation, 
 though he did not take such a conspicuous part in it as did 
 his brother, George the Pious. He took a vigorous part, and 
 exercised some cruelty in the repression of the Peasants' War. 
 
 William, Margrave of Brandenburg, and Bishop of 
 EiGA, 1522. 
 
 25. Bust of William to left, bareheaded, chain round neck. 
 
 Legend: WILHEM VON GOTES GNODEN MARCKGCRAF] 
 
 ZV BRANDENBCVRG] (William, by the gl-ace of God 
 
 Margrave of Brandenburg). Shield of Brandenburg. 
 
 Legend: omnia orta oooidvnt et avcta sene- 
 
 SOVNT MDXXil. (AH things that have birth die, and by 
 
 growth grow old). 
 
 William, son of Frederick of Brandenburg-Anspach, and 
 
 brother of Casimir and of George the Pious, became bishop of 
 
 ■Eiga in 1539. He was one of the first of the German 
 
 prelates who accepted the Lutheran doctrine. 
 
 Hedwig, Margravine of Brandenburg-Anspach, 1525. 
 
 26. Bust of Hedwig to right. Legend: hedwig HERZOGCIN] 
 
 ZV MONSTERBERG MARGREVCIN] ZV BRANCDENBVRGJ 
 (Hedwig, Duchess of Miinsterberg, Margravine of Bran- 
 denburg). Engraved mdxxv. No Beverse. Lent by 
 T. Whitcombe Greene, Esq. 
 
54 LUTHEE EXHIBITION. 
 
 Hedwig was the daughter of Charles Duke of Miinsterberg, 
 and Anna, daughter of John, Duke of Sagan. She was the 
 second wife of George the Pious, Margrave of Brandenburg- 
 Anspach and Duke of Jagerndorf, who was one of the princes 
 of G-ermany most forward in supporting the cause of the 
 Reformation. 
 
 Chakles V. AND Feedinand I. 
 Battle of Muhlbeeg, 1547. 
 
 27. Half-figures of Charles and his brother Ferdinand, facing 
 
 one another ; each wearing cloak and close fitting cap 
 with order of the Golden Fleece. Behind them two 
 arches. Legend: ferdinandvs d g romanocrvmj 
 
 BOECMI/E] HVNGCARl/E] Z REX LVMKNA] ET ORA CA" 
 ROLl V IMPERATOREIS (sie) GRECGISP] (Ferdinand by 
 the grace of God King of the Eomans, of Bohemia, 
 Hungary, &c. The light and countenance of the people 
 of Charles V.) Reverse. Bird's-eye view of a battle 
 scene. Legend. CAPTIVITAS lOANis FRIDERICI DVCis 
 SAXONIAE MDXLVll. Lent by Mr. A. Hess, of Frankfurt. 
 
 Charles V. Empeeoe, 1530. (Italian.) 
 (Born, 1500 ; K. of Spain, 1516 ; Emperor, 1519.) 
 
 28. Bust of Charles V., towards right, in tunic, furred coat and hat. 
 
 Legend: CAROLVS V IMPCERATOR] BONONCl/E] CORONA- 
 TVS MDXXX. (The Emperor Charles V. crowned at 
 Bologna, 1530.) 
 
 {No Reverse.) 
 
 This is a fine Italian medal of Charles V., struck at Bologna, 
 possibly by Lione Lioni, the celebrated Italian medallist, who 
 made a statue of the Emperor in the same city. The coronation 
 to which the medal alludes took place at Bologna at the hands 
 of the Pope Clement VII., consequent upon the reconciliation 
 of the Emperor and the Pope by the Peace of Barcelona. It 
 is well known that Charles, so long as he was at war with the 
 King of France and with Clement VII., did not look with any 
 great disfavour upon the doings of the Protestants in Germany. 
 But after the reconciliation of the Pope and the Emperor, the 
 
LUTHER EXHIBITION. 55 
 
 latter began to make preparations for the suppression of the 
 Eeformation movement, resulting in a war with the Protestant 
 Princes (or Schmalcaldic League), which was never wholly 
 extinct during the life of Charles. One of the features of this 
 war was the battle of Miihlberg, already spoken of. 
 
 Chakles V. (Geeman.) 
 
 29. Bust of Charles V. to right, in tunic and shirt, narrow-brimmed 
 
 hat on head, and order of the Grolden Fleece round neck. 
 
 Legend : IMPCERATOR] CAESCAR: CAROLVS V PCIVS] 
 
 FCELIX] AVGVSTVS ANCNO] AFTCATISJ XXX. 
 
 Reverse: Within a laurel wreath the legend, FVNDATORi 
 
 QVIETIS MDXXX. Lent by T. Whitcombe Greene, Esq. 
 
 Another medal made in Germany in the same year, which 
 
 was that of the publication of the Confession of Augsburg. It 
 
 is possibly by Albert Diirer. 
 
 Charles V. (German.) 
 
 30. Half-figure of Charles, to right, in richly embroidered tunic 
 
 and order of Golden Fleece, holding sceptre and orb. 
 Jewelled hat on head. Legend: CAROLVS V DEI 
 GRATIA ROMANIORVM] IMPERATOR SEMPER AVGVSTVS 
 REX HIS[PANI/E] ANNO SAUVTIS] MDXXXVII. /ETATIS 
 SV/E XXXVIl. 
 Reverse. Eagle supporting shield of the Emperor, sur- 
 rounded by order of the Golden Fleece. On either side 
 two pillars (the pillars of Hercules), with the motto 
 PLVS VLTRA. In field H.R. 
 This is by the celebrated German medallist, Heinrich Eeitz 
 the Elder. 
 
 The motto of the Kings of Spain, " Plus Ultra," written 
 over the pillars of Hercules, alludes to their great possessions 
 beyond the Atlantic. 
 
 Pope Leo X. [1513—1522.] 
 81. Bust of Leo, to right, in Papal robes, bareheaded. Legend : 
 LEO X PONT[IFEX] MAXCIMVS] 
 Reverse. A yoke, above which, on a band, SVAVE. 
 
56 LUTHEK EXHIBITION. 
 
 This medal has been set in a rim of a later date tiian the 
 piece itself. The type of the reverse alludes, of course, to the 
 words of Matth. xi. 30, Jugum enim meum suave est, et onus 
 meum leve (For my yoke is easy, and my burden is light). 
 
 Albert, Archbishop of Mentz and Magdeburg. [1513 — 1536.] 
 
 32. Bust of the Archbishop, to right, in robe and berretta 
 
 Legend: DOMINLVS] MIHI ADIVTOR QVEM TIMEB[On536 
 (The Lord is my helper : of whom shall I be afraid ? — 
 of. Ps. xxvi. 1 and cxvii. 6.) 
 
 Reverse. Shield of the Archbishop, surmounted by 
 cardinal's hat. Legend: albertcvS] CARDCINAjUIS 
 ARCHIECPISCOPVS] MAGDCEBVRGENSIS]. (Albert, Car- 
 dinal Archbishop of Magdeburg.) 
 
 It was this ecclesiastic who received from Leo X. the right 
 of issuing the Indulgences in Germany, and Tetzel was em- 
 ployed by him to dispose of them. 
 
 The piece is a thaler. 
 
 SiK Thomas More, 1585. [b. 1480; beheaded, 1535.] 
 
 33. Bust of Sir Thomas More, to right, in fur cloak and square 
 
 cap. Legend: THOMAS MORVS ANGLl/E GANCELCLARIVS.] 
 Reverse. A felled cypress, the axe sticking in the trunk. 
 Legend: ?,\ky\Ma OLET. (It smells the sweeter.) 
 
 Sir Thomas More was born in 1480, and became Keeper of 
 the Great Seal 1529. He was beheaded in 1535 on account of 
 his refusal to acknowledge Henry YIII. as head of the English 
 Church. 
 
 Henry VIII. 
 MedalUo Portrait after Fainting hy Holhein. 
 
 34. Bust of Heniy YIII., nearly full face, towards right, 
 
 wearing fur cloak and hat with feather and collar of the 
 Garter, and medal round neck. 
 
 {No Reverse.) 
 
LUTHEK EXHIBITION. 57 
 
 Henry VIII. 
 With the title " Head of the Church," struck in 1545. 
 35. Bust of Henry, to right, wearing fur cloak and cap, collav 
 of Garter, &c. Legend : henricvs octaevvs] anglI/E 
 
 FRANCI/E HIBCERNI/E] REX FIDEI DEFENSOR ET IN 
 TERRCA3ECCUESI3/E ANGLKCAN/E] ET HIBECRNIC/E] SVB 
 CHRISTCO] CAPVT SUPREMVM. (Henry VIII., King of 
 England, France, and Ireland, Defender of the Faith, 
 and on earth under Christ the Supreme Head of the 
 English and Irish Church.) 
 
 Reverse. The same inscription as on the obverse, written in 
 Hebrew and Greek. Dated Londini, 1545. 
 
LONDON : 
 
 PRINTED BY WILLIAM CLOWES AND SONS, LIMITED, 
 
 STAMFORD STREET AND CHARING CROSS.