! 1*18 J A2G99 CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY BOUGHT WITH THE INCOME OF THE SAGE ENDOWMENT FUND GIVEN IN 1891 BY HENRY WILLIAMS SAGE Cornell University Library The original of this book is in the Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924029227091 Cornell University Library BR160.A2 G99 Selections from early writers iilustrati olin 3 1924 029 227 091 SELECTIONS EARLY CHRISTIAN WRITERS «- SELECTIONS FROM EARLY WRITERS ILLUSTRATIVE OF CHURCH HISTORY TO THE TIME OF CONSTANTINE HENRY MELVILL GWATKIN, M.A. DIXIE PROFESSOR OF ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, CAMBRIDGE ilotiDon MACMILLAN AND CO. AND NEW YORK 1893 OJcfor^ HORACE HARTj PRINTER TO THE UNIVERSITY PREFACE It is hoped that the present volume will be found within its limits a fairly representative selection of original documents for the use of students. Attention has been directed, not only to the general course of events, but to the history of the New Testament Canon, and to the personal opinions of conspicuous writers. It has been thought best to give a translation for the benefit of such as are but mean scholars, but to leave everything in the way of notes to the teacher. My best thanks are due to the Trustees of the Lightfoot Fund, to Mr. Parker, of Oxford, and to Messrs. T. and T. Clark, of Edinburgh, for the use of translations mentioned below'; also to Dr. Zahn, of Erlangen, for the Latin text of the Canon Muratorianus, and to Professor Robinson for the Greek text of certain passages of Origen ^. ' Translations marked L. are due to Lightfoot's Apostolic Fathers ; N.L. to the Library of Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers ; A.N.L. to the Antt- Nicene Christian Library. " These are nnmbered XLViii, XLIX, Lil. CONTENTS 1. The Neronian Persecution Tacitus 2 2. Opening ofClement's Letter to the Corinthians Clement of Rome z 3. The Neronian Persecution 4. Arrangements settled by the Apostles 5. Ignatius on Episcopacy .... 6. Ignatius on Docetism .... 7. The Christians in the World . . Ep, 8. Church Order of the Didach^ g. Pliny's Correspondence with Trajan . 10. The Neronian Persecution . . . 11. Of the Canonical Epistles la. Of the Canon of the New Testament 13. Papias 14. QUADRATUS on OUR LoRD's MiRACLES 15. Heathenism the work of demons . 16. Christianity before Christ . 17. Christian Worship . ... 18. The Jewish interpretation of Isa. vii. 14 19. The Christian interpretation of various passages do. 52 20. Letter of Dionysius of Corinth to the Romans Eusebius 54 21. The Persecution at Lyons and Vienna . . do. 56 22. Fragment of Muratori on the Canon ... 76 23. Origin of the Gospels Eusebius 82 24. do. 4 do. 6 . Ignatius 10 . do. 12 t>. ad Diognetum 12 Didache 16 Pliny 24 Eusebius 28 . do. 30 do. 32 do. 36 do. 42 Justin 42 do. 44 do. 46 . do. 52 MONTANISM . Hippolytus 84 Contents. PACE Eusebius 86 do. 88 Irenaeus go do. 92 do. gS Clement of Al. 100 rfo. rfo. rfo. TertulUan . do. . do. . do. . do. do. . do. . do. do. . do. . do. do. Vlll 25. Letter of Irenaeus to Florinus 26. Letter of Polycrates to Victor - 27. Marcion 28. The Argument of Irenaeus from Tradition 29. A Tradition of the Elders . 30. Philosophy a preparation for the Gospel 31. The true Gnostic ..... 32. Faith and Knowledge .... 33. Misuse of Scripture by Heretics 34. Bad Emperors the only Persecutors . 35. Testimony of the Soul .... 36. Christians not disloyal .... 37. Numbers of the Christians . 38. Christian Worship . ... 39. Philosophy the Mother of Heresy 40. The Argument of Tertullian from Tradition 41. Disorderly Worship of Heretics 42. The Roman Bishop's Edict 43. Inconveniences of a mixed Marriage . 44. The Misdeeds of Praxeas 45. Infant Baptism ...... 46. Misdeeds of Callistus .... 47. Origen's conception of Education. 48. The Letter and the Spirit . 49. The Argument from our Lord's Miracles 50. Celsus on the Lord's Resurrection 51. The Gospel not specially addressed to Fools 52. The Method of God's dealing with Sinners 53. Porphyry's Objections to Allegorical Interpre- tations Eusebius 130 54. Origen on the Authorship of the Epistle to the Hebrews rfo. 130 55 Dionysius of Alexandria on Novatian . . .do. 132 100 102 102 104 106 108 108 IIO 112 112 114 116 116 118 120 Hippolytus 120 Eusebius 122 . Origen do. do. do. do. 124 124 126 126 128 Contents. 56. The Unity or the Church 57. On Church Discipline 58. Appointment of Bishops . 59. Schismatical Baptism worthless 6q. Heretical Baptism invalid 61. Firmilian's Letter to Cyprian 62. The Edict of Valerian . 63. DioNYSius OF Alexandria on the authorship of the Apocalypses . 64. The Rescript of Gallienus . 65. Aurelian's Decision of the Bishopric of Antioch 66. The Edicts of Diocletian 67. The heathen before Christ 68. Lactantius criticizing earlier Apologists '69. MlSGOVERNMENT OF DiOCLETIAN 70. The Toleration Edict of Galerius -71. The Edict of Milan - 72. Constantine's Cross . IX PAGE . Cyprian 132 . do. 134 . do. 136 . do. 138 . do. 138 . do. 140 . do. 140 )F Eusebius 142 do. 146 H do. 146 . do. 148 Arnobius 148 Lactantius 150 . do. 150 . do. 154 . do. 156 Eusebius 160 SELECTIONS FROM EARLY CHRISTIAN WRITERS Selections from [Tacitn I. Ergo abolendo rumori Nero subdidit reos et quaesi tissimis poenis adfecit, quos per flagitia invisos vulgu Christianos appellabat. Auctor nominis eius Christu Tiberio imperitante per procuratorem Pontium Pilatur 5 supplicio adfectus erat ; repressaque in praesens exitiabili superstitio rursum erumpebat, non modo per ludaean originem eius mali, sed per urbem etiam, quo. cunct undique atrocia aut pudenda confluunt celebranturquc Igitur primum correpti qui fatebantur, inde indicio eorui 10 multitude ingens baud perinde in crimine incendii quai odio humani generis convicti sunt. Et pereuntibus addil ludibrla, ut ferarum tergis contecti, laniatu canum interirei aut crucibus adfixi, aut flammandi, atque^ ubi defeciss( dies, in usum nocturni luminis urerentur. Hortos sue 15 ei spectaculo Nero obtulerat et circense ludicrum edeba habitu aurigae permixtus plebi vel curriculo insisten Unde quamquam adversus sontes et novissima exempt meritos miseratio oriebatur, tamquam non utilitate publi( sed in saevitiam unius absumerentur. Tacitus, Ann. xv. 44. II. 20 Aia. TOLS ai(j)piStovs /cat iiraWi^Xovs yefOfievas fi/i avficpopas Kai irepinTwaeis, dSfX^oi, ^pdSiov voni^ofK iirtffTpotpfjv weTTOLTJcrdai irepl twv i-m^riToviievoov nap' vji 1 adfixi, aut flammandi, atque] adfixi sunt flammandi, utgue Frank: Arnold. .nn.x.v.44.] Early Christian Writers. The Neronian Persecution {Tacitus). So to stifle the report, Nero put in his own place as ulprits and punished with every refinement of cruelty the len whom the common people hated for their secret rimes. They called them Christians. Christ, from whom he name was given, had been put to death in the reign of s "iberius by the procurator Pontius Pilate, and the pes- ilent superstition checked for awhile. Afterwards it egan to break out afresh, not only in Judaea, where the lischief first arose, but also at Rome, where all sorts of lurder and filthy shame meet together and become lo ishionable. In the first place then some were seized nd made to confess ; then on their information a vast multitude was convicted not so much of arson as of hatred or the human race. And they were not only put to leath, but put to death with insult, in that they were either 15 iressed up in the skins of beasts to perish by the worrying if dogs or else put on crosses to be set on fire, and when he daylight failed, to be burnt for use as lights by night. >Jero had thrown open his gardens for that spectacle, and /as giving a circus pantomime, mingling with the people 20 n a jockey's dress, or driving a chariot. Hence com- miseration arose, though it was for men of the worst haracter and deserving of the severest punishment, on he ground that they were not destroyed for the good of he state, but to satisfy the cruelty of an individual. 25 Opening of Clement's Letter to the Corinthians. By reason of the sudden and repeated calamities and everses which are befalling us, brethren, we consider hat we have been somewhat tardy in giving heed to the B 2 4 Selections from [ciem.Rom irpayiiaToav, dyanrjTOi, Trjs re dWorpias Koi ^€»"7S TOis fKXeKToTs Tov &€ov, /MLapds Kul dvocTiov i, t]v oXiya Trpoa-anra nponeTrj Kal aiiddSrj iTrdpxovTU eh roa-ovm dirovoias k^eKavcrav, &(TTe to iroLS d^iaydirrjTOi' ovofia vjimv fieydXm fi\aa-(pr}ixri6fji'ai. Tis yap irapeTnSrjiirjaa^ wpos 11(10,^ TTjv iravdpiTov Kal ^e^aiav vfimv iritrTiv ovK eSoKi/j-aaev', TT]v re a-dxppova Kal kiruiKfj kv Xpicrrw evcri^eiav ovk kOavp-acrev ; Kal to peyaXoTrpenes Trjs (fnXo^eytas ipm 10 rjOoi OVK kKrjpv^ei/ ', Kal ttjv TeXeiav Kal d(TCJ)aXfj yvwau OVK kpaKapiaev ; dirpoa-asiroXripTrTcos yap wdvTa kiroiem, Kal Toh vofiipoii ''■ TOV ©eou kwopevea6e, inroTacraofiivoi Toi? rjyovpkvoi^ ipa>v Kal Tipfjv ttiv KadijKovaav dnovk- povTes Tois Trap'' vpiv Trpecr^vTepois- vkois Te fieTpia Kat 15 (Tepva voeiv kirfTpineTe' yvvai^iv re kv dpaipa Kal (rejivi Kal dyvfj avvu8rj(Tii irdvTa kiriTtXiLv TrapTjyyeXXiTf arepyovaas KadrjKovrais Tovs dvSpas kavToiV ev ts tol Kavovi Tijs inroTayfjs inrap)(^ova-ai ra KaTO, tov oIkoi crepvais oiKovpyeiv kSiSda-KeTe, irdvv caxppoi'ova-as. Clemens Romanus, Ad Cor. i. III. 20 ^XX iva tS>v dp-)(aL)(6eicrai ywaiKes, Aava- tSis Kal AipKai^, aiKicTfiaTa Sfiyd Kal dvoaia waOovaai, ewl TOV Trjs TTicrrecos ^k^aiov Spofiov KaTrivTrja-av Kal iXa^ov yipas yevvaiov al daOeveis t6pQmos toTs XmkoTs TrpoffTdyfiaa-iv SeSerai. "EKUffTOS i/iay, dSeXtpo'i, er t£ iSiw Taynari eiixapia- reLTCo 0fm kv dya6fj crvfeiSi^a-eL {mdpxoi, npoa-cpipovrai. Ovcriai kvSeXexi^arpov rj evx^v ^ irepl dpapuas Kal nXrippeXeias, dXX' ^ kv 'lepov&dXfjp povrf KdKii 81 ovK kv vavrl T&rrf wpo nXeiovos KaTrj^id>6rjpiv yvdia-eoas, ToaovTO) paXXov {moKetpeOa KtvSvvo). 15 01 dnocTToXoi fjpTv evrjyyeXicyGrjcrav dnb tov Kvpiov 'Irjcrov Xpia-Tov, 'Itjctovs 6 Xptcrroy dnb tov Qeov k^- enep(pdrj, 6 Xpiarbs ovv dnb tov 0eov, Kal 01 dnSaro- Xoi dnb TOV XpKTTOv' kyevovTO ovv dpt^oTepa eirrdKTCDS e/c BeXrjpaTos Qeov. napayyiXias ovv Xa/Sorrey Koi 20 nXr]poopT]devTes 8id Ttjs dvaaTdcncos tov Kvpiov rjpwv 'Ir]a-ov XpicTTOv Kal iriaTwOevTes kv t£ Xoym tov Qiov psTa TrXr]po(f>opias irvevpaTOS dyiov k^rjXBov, evayyeXi^ope- voi T7]v fiacriXeiav tov Qeov pkXXetv fpx^o-6ai, Kara xd'pC'S ovv Kal iT6Xeis KrjpvcrcrovTes KaOicrTavov Tas dnapxds 35 avTa>v, SoKipdaavTes tS nvevpaTi, eh kTricTKOTrovs Kal SiaKovovs tS)V peXXovTCov nio'Teveiv. Kal tovto ov Kaiva?, (K yap Sfj noXXav xpovcov kyiypaiTTO irepl kTTKTKonaiv Kal SiaKovav ovTws ydp nov Xeyei fj ypacf)^' KaTacTTrjo'co ToiJs kiriaKOTTOvs avTcov kv SiKaioavvr/ Kal tovs SiaKovovi 30 avTmv kv iriaTei, ******* Kal 01 diTocTToXoi rjpcov tyvaxrav Sid tov Kvpiov ^pwv Irjaov XpiaTOv oti epn eorat knl tov ovopaTOS Trjs Adcor.xi-xui.j Eavly Christian Writers. 9 levJtes their proper ministrations are laid. The layman is bound by the layman's ordinances. Let each of you, brethren, in his own order give thanks unto God, maintaining a good conscience and not trans- gressing the appointed rule of His service, but acting with 5 all seemliness. Not in every place, brethren, are the continual daily sacrifices offered, or the freewill offerings, or the sin ofiferings and the trespass offerings, but in Jerusalem alone. And even there the offering is not made in every place, but before the sanctuary in the court of 10 the altar; and this too through the high-priest and the aforesaid ministers, after that the victim to be offered hath been inspected for blemishes. They therefore who do any thing contrary to the seemly ordinance of His will receive death as the penalty. Ye see, brethren, in pro- 15 portion as greater knowledge hath been vouchsafed unto us, so much the more are we exposed to danger. The Apostles received the Gospel for us from the Lord Jesus Christ ; Jesus Christ was sent forth from God. So then Christ is from God, and the Apostles are from 20 Christ. Both therefore came of the will of God in the appointed order. Having therefore received a charge, and having been fully assured through the resurrection of our Lord Jesus Christ and confirmed in the word of God with full assurance of the Holy Ghost, they went forth 25 with the glad tidings that the kingdom of God should come. So preaching everjrwhere in country and town, they appointed their first-fruits, when they had proved them by the Spirit, to be bishops and deacons unto them that should believe. And this they did in no new fashion ; 2,0 for indeed it had been written concerning bishops and deacons from very ancient times ; for thus saith the scrip- ture in a certain place, I will appoint their bishops in righteousness and their deacons in faith. ******* And our Apostles knew through our Lord Jesus Christ 35 that there would be strife over the name of the bishop's 10 Selections from [ciem. Rom. eniaKOirrjs. Sia TavTr)v ovv ttjv alriav irpoyvcoaiv flXrj- irfpmv eXXoyi/icof dvBpSiv, awevSoKrjcrda'rjs rfjs eKKXtjaias Trdcrrjs, Kal XeLTOv pyrjaavTas dfiefiTrTOis TO) noifivim tov Xpiarov jXiTo, TaiTeivo(ppocrvi'r]9 r]/j.iv. /laKapioi oi TrpooSonroprja-avTei irpecr^vTepoi, oiTives eyKapnov Kal TfXfiav ia'^ov rfjv dvdXvaiV ov yap 16 evXa^ovvrai firj th avTovs fierao'T'^cTrj ajro tov ISpvfikvov aiiToTi TOTTOV. opw/xiv yap on kviovs iipus fieTTjydyeTe KaXwS TToXlTiVOjliVOVS tK Tr]S d/MfflTTTtOS aVTOLS T€Tlp,r]p,kvi]S XeiTovpyiaf. ibid, xl-xlii, xliv. V. "Orav yap rm eTncTKOTTCo inroTaacrrjcrOe coy Irjcrov 20 XptcrTO), (paivecrOe /lot oil Kara, dvBpdnrovs ^a>VTi9, dXXa Kara Irjo-ovv Xpia-Tov, tov Si fifids dnoQavovTa iva Trtorev- aavTiS els tov OdvaTov avTov to dnodaveiv kKCbvyrjTf. dvayKaiov ovv kaTiv, &pis tovtcov eKKXr](f)w6rjT€ ovv, oTav vfiii/ xaipls 'Irjaov XpiffTOV XaXfj Tis, TOV eK yivovs AaveiS, tov e/c Mapias, oy dXr]6m kyevvrjOr], e^ayer T€ kol emev, dXr]6a>s kSim^dt] kirt UovTiov JJiXaTOV, dXrj6a>s karavpSBr] Kal dnidavev^ o ^XeirovTwv \tS)v\ kvovpavtcov Kal kniyeimv Kal VTroyQovimv 8y Kal dXrjdws T]y ep6r] dno veKpmv, kydpavTOS amov TOV iraTpb? avTov, KaTo, to o/xoicofia Sy Kal 17/iay tovs TTicTTevoi'Tai aiirZ ovtoos kyepel 6 iraTTjp avTov kv Xpia-rZ 'Ir](rov, ov ^coph to dXTjOifoy ^fju ovk iypiiev. 6 El Sk, coairep Tives d6eoi ouTes, TovrkcrTiv dincnoi, Xkyovaiv to Sokhv nenovOivai avTov, aiiTol ovTei to 80KHV, kycb Ti SkSe/iai • ti Se Kal ivyojiai 6r]pL0iia)(rjaai. ; Swpfav ovv dnoOvqaKKO. &pa ovv KaTa'^evSofMoi tov Kvpiov. Ibid, ix, z. VII. 10 AnXws S' fiTTfiv, oirep kcTTiv kv (rS/iaTi ^vvrj, tovt dalv kv Koa-ficp Xpta-TiavoC. etTTraprat KaTa ndvTmv t5)v tov aw/iaTos {iiXwv 17 t/fi'X'?, Kal XpiaTiavol /cari T-ay TOV KotT/jLov TToXfis. oiKei nev kv t& craifiaTi i/fi-xi OVK ea-Ti Sk kK tov acofiaTor Kal XpiaTiavol kv Kocriico !5 oiKova-iv, OVK da-l Se kK tov Koa-fiov. dopaTOS 17 yfrvxij kv opaTw ^povpdTai t5 amfiaTf Kal Xpiartavol yivwa- KovTai fiev ovTiS kv tS Koo-fim dopaTos 8\ avT&y fi 0(o- AdTran.u,iiL] Early Christian Writers. 13 In like manner let all ineil respect the deacons as Jesus Christ, even as they should respect the bishop as being a type of the Father and the presbyters as the council of God and as the college of Apostles. Apart from these there is not even the name of a church. 5 Ignatius on Docetism. Be ye deaf therefore, when any man speaketh to you apart from Jesus Christ, who was of the race of David, who was the Son of Mary, who was truly born and ate and drank, was truly persecuted under Pontius Pilate, was truly crucified and died in the sight of those in heaven 10 and those on earth and those under the earth ; who more- over was truly raised from the dead, His Father having raised Him, who in the like fashion will so raise us also who believe on Him — His Father, I say, will raise us — in Christ Jesus, apart from whom we have not true life. 15 But if it were as certain persons who are godless, that is unbelievers, say, that He suffered only in semblance, being themselves mere semblance, why am I in bonds? And why also do I desire to fight with wild beasts ? So I die in vain. Truly then I lie against the Lord. 20 The Christians in the World. In a word, what the soul is in a body, this the Chris- ' tians are in the world. The soul is spread through all ' the members of the body, and Christians through the ' divers cities of the world. The soul hath its abode in n the body, and yet it is not of the body. So Christians 25 \ have their abode in the world, and yet they are not of the »' world. The soul which is invisible is guarded in the libody which is visible : so Christians are recognised as li being in the world, and yet their religion remaineth J 4 Selections from [Auct. affiiia /lei/ei. /iicrei rfiv ■^v)(fiy 17 (rap^ Kai TroKffiu firjSkv dSiKov/ievt], Siori rais TjSofats KaXverai XP^O"^**' fzia-ei Kal Xpis 6 Koar/ios /xijSef dSLKOv/xevoi, on rats fjSopais dvTiTda-crovTai. fj '^v^fj ttjv /iiaovo-av 6 dyana crdpKa Kal to, /j.eXrj' Kal Xpicrriavol rot/y fiiaovv- ras dyanaxTLv. kyKiKKeiarai fikv 17 "^vyr) tZ crwfiaTi, avvi-^ei Sk avrrj to aw/Ma' Kal XptaTLayol KariyovTai fxeu coy ev ippovpa tqj Kocrum, avrol Se avviyovcn tw Koa-pov, dOdvaros 17 ^v^ri kv OvqTco (TKYji/SpaTi KaroiKer 10 Kai XpicTTLavol irapoiKovaiv kv ^Oaproh, r^f kv ovpavo'is av irentcr- TevvTai. dXX aiiros dXr]6m 6 navroKpaTwp Kal irav- TOKTia-TT]? Kal dopuTos 0eoy, aiiTos dir ovpavwv ttjv 30 dXTJdfiav Kal tov Xoyov tov ayiov Kal dnepivorjTov dv6pdi- TTOis kviSpva-e Kal kyKaTea-Trjpi^e rais KapSiais avrcav, ov KdOdirep dv Tis eiKacreiev dv6pv nema-Tevpevcov ray kv ovpavo'is SioiK'^a-eis, dX)^ 25 avTov TOV TfxviTTiv Kal Srjpiovpybv t&v oXcov, v Tfjs fjpepas Sp6pa>v [ijXtos] tiXrjvXd(7(jfiv, £ iiu6apxu aiX^vrj vvktI Trdvra SiaTeraKTai Kal Sidopia-Tai Kal inrori- TUKTai, ovpavol Kal to, tv ovpavoTs, yfj Kai Ta er yj, BaXacrcra Kal t^ fu rfj daXdcrcrr), irvp, d-qp, d^va-aos, T&. 5 ey vrjreai, to, kv ^dOecri, to, kv t5 fiera^v- tovtov npo? avToiis dnio-TiiXiv. dpd ye, m dvBpmnmv dv tis Xoyia-aiTO, eirt rvpavviSi Kal 6l3a> Kal KarairX'^^ei ■ ovjitvovv' aXX' kv knuLKiia [/cat] npavrrjTi ay ^aaiXfis irkpnoiv vlov ^acriXea eTrepyfrev, coy @eov STrep-^ev, a>s 10 ^dyOpcoTTOf] irpos dvOpdnrovi 'iirep'^ev, as (rd>^ vXeioves KoXd^ovTai, toctovtw nXeovd^ovTUS dXXovs ; ravra dvOpatnov ov SoKeT to. fpya^ ravra Svi'apis kari Oeov' ravra rfjs napovaias aiirov Siiypara, AUCT. Ad Diognetum, 6, 7. VIII. 20 Tlepl St rov Pairrta-paros, ovtm Panria-are ravra rrdvra irpoenrovres PaTTTia-an eis ro ovopa rov Ilarpos Kal Tov Tiov Kal rov ayiov Tlvevparos kv vSari ^Zvri. khv 8k ^ pf) exjy iiScop CS>v, ds aXXo CSoop ^dnrKTOv d 8' oil 8waa-ai kv ^uxpo- 25 repa pfj i^V^, eKxeov els rfjv Kev inoKpirmV AdDiogn. 6,7.] EuHy Christian Writers. 17 her shine by night, Whom the stars obey as they follow the course of the moon, by Whom all things are ordered and bounded and placed in subjection, the heavens and the things that are in the heavens, the earth and the things that are in the earth, the sea and the things that 5 are in the sea, fire, air, abyss, the things that are in the heights, the things that are in the depths, the things that are between the two. Him He sent unto them. Was He sent, think you, as any man might suppose, to estab- lish a sovereignty, to inspire fear and terror? Not so. 10 But in gentleness [and] meekness has He sent Him, as a king might send his son who is a king. He sent Him, as sending God ; He sent Him, as [a man] unto men ; He sent Him, as Saviour, as using persuasion, not force : for force is no attribute of God. He sent Him, as summon- 15 ing, not as persecuting; He sent Him, as loving, not as judging. For He will send Him in judgement, and who shall endure His presence ? . . . [Dost thou not see] them thrown to wild beasts that so they may deny the Lord, and yet not overcome ? Dost thou not see that the more 20 of them are punished, just so many others abound ? These look not like the works of a man ; they are the power of God ; they are proofs of His presence. Church order of the Didache. But concerning baptism, thus shall ye baptize. Having first recited all these things, baptize in the name of the 25 Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit in living (running) water. But if thou hast not living water, then baptize in other water, and if thou art not able in cold, then in warm. But if thou hast neither, then pour water on the head thrice in the name of the Father and of the 30 Son and of the Holy Spirit. But before the baptism let him that baptizeth and him that is baptized fast, and any others also who are able ; and thou shalt order him that is baptized to fast a day or two before. And let not your fastings be with the hypocrites, for 35 c 1 8 Selections from [Docwna vrja-Tevovcri yhp Sivripa. a-a^^drcov Kot TrefiTrrr]- ifiui Se fTjcrrevaaTe rerpaSa Kal Trapa(rKevTJv. /jLijSe npoa- evx.^a-6e toy ot imoKpirai^ aXX' coy kKfXevcrev 6 Kvpioi h tZ evayyeXicp avrov, ovtojs 7rpov, kol pfj eiaeveyKjis rjpds eis Treipatr- 10 /fw, dXXa pvcrai ri/ids dnb rov Trovrjpov- otl (tov karlv ij Svva/jiis Kal f) So^a eis Toi)s alcofas. rpls Trjs rjntpas ovTco TrpoaiV)(^ecr6e. Ilepl Se Trjs €V)(^apis aiSivas. Trepl Se tov KXda-puTos' EvyapitrTovjiev rjs Kal yvwcreais, rjs kyvwpiaas f^juv Sid 'Ir}s aioovas. &a-nep tju tovto to KXaa/ia SiecTKOp- TTLvpevov kndvco toiv opecov Kal avva\6\v eyeveTO ev, oStco (rvya)(^drJT(o aov ■fi kKKX-qaia dnb tS>v Trepdrmv Trji y^y eis tt]v arjy ^aaiXeiav Sti (tov kaTW 17 So^a Kal ij Swa/iis Sid 'Irja-ov XpiaTov eis tovs aimvas. /irjSels Se 25 (jiayeTW /MrjSe -meTCo dwb Trjs evxapioTias iifieov, dXX' oi PanTia-OevTes eis oi/ofia Kvpiov. Kal yap nepl tovtov eipijKev 6 Kvpios- Mr) S^Te to dyiov tois Kvai. J MeTa Se Tb kpTrXrja-Ofji/ai ovtcos evxapia-Trja-aTC Evxapimv, ■flliiv 8e kxapiarco irvivpaTiKTjv Tpovas. eXGeTCo xdpis Kal wapeXOeTco 6 Koa/ios oSroy. wcravva tS BeZ AaveiS. et tis ayios ea-Tiu, epy^ecrBm ei Tis ovK €(TTi, neTavoeiTco. fiapav d6d. d/j.rjv. Tok Se Trpo^rjTais eniTpiiTeTe ev-)(apL(TTeLV oaa deXovcriv. 15 ^Oy dy ovv kXOwv SiSd^rj vjxds TavTa irdvTa to, npoeiprj- peva, Se^acrde avroV kav Se aiiTos 6 SiSdcrKoiv arpa^eh StSda-KTi dXXtjv SiSa)(Tjv els to KaTaXvcrai, prj avnv dKovcrrjTe' els Se to irpocrOewai SiKaioavvr]y Kal yvSxriv Kvpiov, Se^acrOe avTov coy Kvpiov. nepl Se Tcoy diro- 20 (TToXwv Kal irpo^r}Tv KaTO, to Soy pa 'tov evayyeXm ovTcos TTOLtja'aTe. nds Se dnoaToXos ip')(opevos npos iipds Se^BriTOi i>s Kvpios' oii peve'i Se el prj rjpepav piaV kav Se ^ Xpela, Kal ttjv dXXrjv' Tpeis Sk e&v peivT), ylrevSoTrpoeOririTr]s ka-Tiv, aX\' kdv e^j; Tois Tponovs Kvpiov. dirh ovv rS>v Tpoircov yvcocrOrjaeTai 6 ylrevSo- irpocp^TTjs Kal 6 Tr/jo^TjTjyy. Kal irds Trpo^TJTTjs opi^&tv Apost.7-14-] Early Christian Writers. 21 give food and drink unto men for enjoyment, that they might render thanks to Thee ; but didst bestow upon us spiritual food and drink and eternal life through Thy Son. Before all things we give Thee thanks that Thou art powerful ; Thine is the glory for ever and ever. Re- 5 member, Lord, Thy Church to deliver it from all evil and to perfect it in Thy love ; and gather it together from the four winds — even the Church which has been sanctified — into Thy kingdom which Thou hast prepared for it ; for Thine is the power and the glory for ever and ever. May lo grace come and may this world pass away. Hosanna to the God of David. If any man is holy, let him come ; if any man is not, let him repent. Maran Atha. Amen. But permit the prophets to offer thanksgiving as much as they desire. '5 Whosoever therefore shall come and teach you all these things that have been said before, receive him ; but if the teacher himself be perverted and teach a different doctrine to the destruction thereof, hear him not; but if to the increase of righteousness and the knowledge of the Lord, 20 receive him as the Lord. But concerning the apostles and prophets, so do ye according to the ordinance of the Gospel. Let every apostle, when he cometh to you, be received as the Lord ; but he shall not abide more than a single day, or if there 25 be need, a second likewise ; but if he abide three days, he is a false prophet. And when he departeth let the apostle receive nothing save bread, until he findeth shelter ; but if he ask money, he is a false prophet. And any prophet speaking in the Spirit ye shall not try neither 30 discern ; for every sin shall be forgiven, but this sin shall not be forgiven. Yet not every one that speaketh in the Spirit is a prophet, but only if he have the ways of the Lord. From his ways therefore the false prophet and the prophet shall be recognized. And no prophet when 35 %% Selections from [Doctruia TpdrreCav kv irvev/iccTi oi ^dyerai air' avTrjr el Sk firjyi^ ■fJTai. 6s 8' ^v eiwt] kv wev/iaTi' Aos jioi dpyvpia ^ eVepa nva, ovk dK0vcrea-6e avrov' kkv Se irept dXXm TO ia-repovvTODv etnrj Sovvai^ firjSeis avTov Kpivero). lids Se 6 kp)(6p.evos kv ovo/iaTi Kvplov SeyO-qTm' eneira Se SoKi/idcravres avTov yvmcrea-Qe. (nivetrw y&p e^ere Se^idv Kat dpLcrrepdv. el fiev irapoSios ev eipijuevcov airoaToKmv TO, Upa a-Kr]va)ff.a,Ta KaraTeOeLTai, (p-qa-iv "^Eycb Se ra rporraia tSiv dirocrToXcav e^to Sei^ai. eav lo yap 6e\i]crr]^ dweXOeiv em rbv BariKavov, rj km rfju oSov Trjv 'Sio-Tiav, eiprja-eis ra Tponaia tcov twut'/]v ISpv- crafievaii' t^v kKKkqaiav, '/2y Sk Kara tw aiirov d/i^a> Kaipov kfiapTvprjcrav, Kopii/6ia)v knlcTKOTros Awvvaio^ kyypdtfxoi PoUfiaiots IS ofiiXcov, wSk TTws TraptaTtja-iv' TavTU Kal vp-eTs Sia Trjs TO(ravTr]s vovdeaias Trjv diro JJerpov Ka\ UavXov (pvretav yevrjOetcrav 'Pcapaiwv re Koi KopivOimv avviKepdaare, Kal yap ajK^cc Kal ets ttjv fiperipav KopivQov (pvreva-avTiS fjpds, opoicos kSiSa^av' 20 opoLCos Se Kal ets ttjv IraXiav opQcre SiSd^avres, kpaprv- prjcrav Kara tov avTov Kaipov. EuSEBius, Hist. Eccles. ii. 35. XI. Uerpov pev ovv ' Ema-ToXfi pia ^ Xeyopevr/ avTOV npoTepa dvoopoXoyrjTaf Tavrt] 8e Kal 01 udXai npecr^v- repoi d>s avap(f)iXeKTv kniKeKXr]pevmv avrov Ilpd^ewv, Kal to Kar avrov avopaapevov EvayyeXiov to re Xeyopevov 30 avrov Krjpvypa, Kal rrjv KaXovpevrjv 'ArroKdXvi^iv, ovS' H.E.ii.a5.] Early Christian Writers. 31 time ; and the story is confirmed by the attachment (usual even now) of their names to the cemeteries at Rome. It is also confirmed by an ecclesiastical writer, Gaius by name, who lived in the time of Zephyrinus bishop of Rome. He in his written dialogue with Proclus, a champion of 5' the Phrygian heresy, speaks thus of the places where the holy corpses of the aforesaid Apostles are laid : — ' But I can show the trophies of the Apostles. For if thou wilt go to the Vatican, or to the Ostian road, thou wilt find the trophies of those who founded this Church.' 10 And that they were both martyred at the same time is shown by Dionysius, the Bishop of Corinth, who writes to the Romans thus : — ' In this way by such an admonition you too joined together the plantings of Peter and Paul at Rome and 15 Corinth. For they both came to Corinth here and planted us and taught alike ; and they also came alike to the same place in Italy and taught there, before they were martyred at the same time.' Of the Canonical Epistles. Of Peter then one Epistle, his so-called Former, is fully 20 acknowledged ; and of this even the ancient elders have made constant use in their writings as undisputed. But as for the current Second Epistle, we have understood that it is not canonical : yet as it seemed useful to many, it was studied along with the other writings. The Acts, 25 however, which bear his name, and the Gospel inscribed 'according to Peter,' and his so-called Preachings and so-called Apocalypse we know have not been handed down 32 Selections from [Ensewus oXffiy kv Ka6o\tKo?s tcrfiev iTapaSeSofieva, on /irj t€ dpxatcov ff^re Tcoy kuO' 17/iay ns eKKX-qcnaa-TiKos avy- ypa(piiis rats l| aiirmv awiy^prja-aro fiapTvpiais. irpo- iova-Tjs Se Trjs laropias, irpovpyov woirjaofiai ai)v rah 5 diaSo)(aTs vwoa-rjfirjvacrOai, rives Ta>v Kara xpovovs ekkXtj- aia(TTiKoov (rvyypa(p€v avtiXeyo- fievcov, -rivcL re irfpl tS>v kvSiaOriKav Koi ofioXoyovjiivm ypa^wv, KOI oaa irepl reav jirj toiovtccv avTois uprjTai. dXXa TO, /xkv ovojiaCopxva IHrpov, mv jiovqv jiiav 10 yvrimav eyvcov ktricrroXriv, Koi Trapa rois ndXai npec^vTi- pois 6/j.oXoyovp.evrjv, ToaavTa. rov Se UavXov npoSrjXoi Kal crav TraXaioTaTtov Se avyypacpemv Key^prjpevovs Tivas avrSi KaTeiXr](pa. ravra els TrapdaraaLv rS>v Te dvav- npprjTwv Kal tS)v p.r) napd nda-iv dfioXoyovpLevcov Qeiwv ypajipdrcov elprja-Oo). Hid. iii. 3. XII. EvXoyov 5* kvravOa yevopevovs dvaKe(pa\aiwaa(r6ai 30 ray SrjXcoSeta-as rrjs Kaivfjs AiaOrjKrjs ypa^ds. Kal Srj H.E.m.3.] Early Christian Writers. 33 at all among canonical books, because no ecclesiastical writer, either of the ancients or of our own time, ever made general use of testimonies from them. But, as my history goes on, I shall do my diligence to signify along with the successions, who of the ecclesiastical writers from time to 5 time used disputed books, and which of them they used, and also what they have said concerning the canonical and acknowledged books, and all that they have said concern- ing those that are not such. But so many are the writings that bear the name of Peter; and of them I recognize one 10 single Epistle as genuine and acknowledged by the ancient elders. Of Paul the fourteen are manifest and clear. It is not indeed right to ignore the fact that some have rejected that to the Hebrews, saying that it is disputed by the Roman Church as not being Paul's ; but I will set out 15 at suitable opportunities what has been said by our pre- decessors concerning this Epistle too. The so-called Acts however of Paul I have not understood to be among the undisputed books. But whereas the same Apostle in the final salutations of the Epistle to the Romans mentions 20 among others Hermas, whose work the so-called Shepherd is said to be, it ought to be known that this too has been disputed by some, and on their account must not be set down among the acknowledged books, but by others it has been judged indispensable for those who specially need 25 elementary instruction. Hence, as we know, it has actually been read in public in churches, and I have found some even of the oldest writers using it. Let this serve to show those of the divine writings which are undisputed, and those which are not acknowledged by all. 30 Of the Canon of the New Testament. Now that we have reached this point, it is reasonable to sum up the writings of the New Testament already men- tioned. Well, then, we must set in the first place the holy D 34 Selections from [Emebtes tukHov kv 7rpa>T0is rfif dyiav tS>v EvayyeXimi/ TirpaKriv, oh eTrerai 17 twv Upd^eaii' rStv duoa-ToXcov ypav S' dfTLXeyopiveoy, yvatptfuov 8 ovv o/iws toTs noXXoU, t) XeyofievT] 'laKw^ov (peperai /cat i) 'lovSa, ij re nirpov 10 Sivripa 'Enia-ToXri, Kal fi 6vopa(o[i€vrj Sevrepa Kal rpiTri 'Ia>dvvov, eiTe tov evayyiXiCTToD Tvy)(di'ovcrai, eire Kal irepov opcovvfiov eKfivo). ev tols vodois KaraTfrdy^Qw Kal tS>v IlavXov Upd^emv fj ypacprj, 6 re Xeyo/ievos noi/j.rji', Kal i] ' AnoKdXv-^is nirpov. Kal irpbs tovtois, 15 1) (pepofievT] Bapvd^a intcrToXrj, Kal rav dnoa-ToXav ai Xeyopevai AtSa^ai' en re, d>s etprjv, f] 'Iwdvvov 'Ano- KdXv^iS, el ^aveir], ^v rives, coy etprjv, dderovaiv, erepoi Si eyKpivovai rots ofioXoyovpevois. rjSr] S' ev rovrois rtvei Kal ro Ka6' 'E^paiovs EiiayyeXiov KareXe^av, w jidXiaTa 20 E^paicop ol TOV Xpiarov napaSe^dfjievoi yaipovcri, ravra plev ndvTa rwv dvTiXeyofj.eva>v av eiT]. dvayKaim Se Kal rovrwv opcos rov KardXoyov neTroirjfieOa, SiaKpivavrts rds re Kara ttjv eKKXrjcnaa-riKfiv napdSocriv dXrjOeis Kal dirXda-rovs Kal dvoDp,oXoyr)pevas ypa^ds, Kal riy dXXas 'S napa ravras, ovk evSiaOriKovs fiev, dXXa Kal dvriXeyo- fievas, bpcos Se napa irXeia-rois rcov eKKXrjO-iacrnKav yiyvaa-Kopevas, iv' eiSevai e^oipev avrds re ravrat, Koi ras ovopari rS>v drroa-roXav irpbs rwv alperiKmv npotjie- popivas, ^roi (uy Tlerpov Kal ecofia Kal Mardia, ^ Kai 30 Tivcoy waph rovrovs dXXwv evayyeXia nepiexovffas, &S 'AvSpeov Kal 'Iccdvvov Kal rSv dXXcttv dnoa-roXav irpd- $eis, my oiSkv oiiSapws ev avyypd/inari ray Kara ras H.E.m.25.] Early Christian Writers. j,^ quaternion of the Gospels, which are followed by the writing of the Acts of the Apostles. After this we have to place on the list the Epistles of Paul ; and next to these we must maintain the current Former Epistle of John, and likewise that of Peter. In addition to these we must set down, if h it do seem right, the Apocalypse of John ; but the opinions which have been held concerning this book we will set forth in due course. And these are counted as acknow- ledged. But of the disputed books, which are nevertheless familiar to most [writers], the so-called Epistle of James is lo current, and that of Jude; also the Second of Peter, and those called Second and Third of John, whether they be the work of the Evangelist, or possibly of some other John. Among the spurious we must set down the writing of the Acts of Paul, and the so-call Shepherd, and the Apocalypse 15 of Peter ; and in addition to these the current Epistle of Barnabas, and the so-called Teachings of the Apostles, and, moreover, as I said, the Apocalypse of John if it seem good; though some, as I said, reject it, while others in- clude it in the acknowledged books. Some moreover have ao also counted in this class the Gospel according to the Hebrews, which is in especial honour with those of the Hebrews who have received the Christ. Now all these will belong to the disputed books. We have been obliged to include these also in our list notwithstanding [the doubts 25 about them], distinguishing the writings which according to orthodox tradition are true and genuine and fully acknowledged, from the others outside their number, which are not canonical but disputed, yet recognized by most orthodox [writers], that we might be able to mark these 30 books, and those put forward by the heretics in the name of the Apostles, whether as containing Gospels of Peter and Thomas and Matthias or also of others beside them, or as Acts of Andrew and John and the other Apostles— books of which no one of the succession of ecclesiastical 35 D 2 3*5 Selections from [Ensewus SiaSox^S €KK\r]v avrov Xoycov dKpoarfjv [lev koX avTOTTTriv ovSaficos eavTov yevetrOai tS>v lepSiv dTToaroXcov k[i(f)aivei, TrapeiXrj(f>evai Se to, t^s nLcrTeoos napd twv 20 eKeivois yva>pi/ia)v SiSdaKei Si' a>v (prjai Xe^ewv' OvK oKvrja-co Se croi Kal oaa troTe napa tZv Trpecr^vTe- pottv KaXS>s ejiaOov Kal KaXS>s e/ivrjfioveva-a, avyKaTard^ai TaTs epfirjveiais, Sia^e^aiov/xevos vnep aiiTwv dXrjdeiav, ov yap ToTs TO, ttoXXo, Xeyovcriv eyaipov muirep ol ttoXXoi, 25 dXXd ToTs TaXriQrj SiSdcrKovcriv, ovSe Tois ray dXXorpias evToXds nvrjfiovevova-LV, dXXd roFy ray irapa tov Kvpiov Tfj TTicTTfi SeSo/ievas Kal air' avTrjs Trapayivofievois rrjs dXrjdeias. el Se irov Kal ■iTapr]KoXovdr]Kd)S Tiy Tory TTpea^vTepois eXdoi^ Tot's tS)v trpecr^vTepwv dveKptvov i°X6yovs' Ti 'AvSpeas fj tl TIeTpos eitrev fj ti ^iXiniros ^ Ti 0v tov Kvpiov jjLaOrjTotv, a re ApicrTKov Kai 6 vpecr^vTfpos 'IcodvvTjs, ol tov Kvpiov na6r]Tai, Xiyovaiv. ov yap TO. iK Twv ^ifiXicov toctoDtoi' fie dxpfXeiv inn- Xdnfiavov, oa-ov ra irapa ^6a-r]S vf}S Koi fi€vova-r]s. 5 "EvOa Kal enia-Tfja-ai d^iov Sis KaTapL6[iovvTi avrw to 'Icodvvov Svo/ia, cov tov fiev npoTepov IleTpa) Kal laKw^m Kal MaTOaiw Kal toTs XoittoTs diroaToXois ovyKaTaXeyei, a-as Te avTov vpea^vTepov ovond^ei. &s Kal Sia tovtwv dwoSuKvv(T6ai. Tr]v IcTTopiav dXrj6rj Tmv Svo KaTo, Tr]v Acriav oncovv/iia Ke\pfj(T6ai (IprjKOTmv, Svo re kv Ev avTois irapTjKoXovOtjKOTCOv ofioXoyei 20 napeiXri^evai, 'Apia-Ticcvos Se Kal tov Trpea^vTepov 'Icodv- vov avTTjKoov iavTov (prjcri yevecrOai. Svo/iaaTl yow TToXXuKis avTwv fivTifiovevaas, kv tois avTov avyy pdiijiaai Tidrjcnv ainSiv Kal TrapaSoaei?, Kal TavTU S' rjfiiv ovk eis TO &\prj(T-Tov elprjcrOco. 35 A^iov Se Tais dtToSoOeiaais tov Tlania (fxuvah irpoff- dyjfai Xe^eis eTepas avTov, Si &v napdSo^d Tiva iaropel Kal dXXa, ma-av kK wapaSSa-ecos els avTov kXBovTa, to (lev ovv KaTb. ttjv 'lepdnoXiv ^iXinirov tov dnoa-ToXov afia Tais 6vyaTpdai SiaTpi-^ai, Sia twv irpoa-Bev SeSr)- 30 XaiTai, Q3S Se /cara Toiis avToiJs 6 Tlanias yevo/ievos 5iij- ytjo-iv napeiXTjipivai Oavfiacriav inb twv tov ^iXiinTov OvyaTepwv fivqiiovevei, to. vvv arj/ieiWTeov. veKpov yhp dvda-Taa-iv kut avrov yeyovviav laTopeT, Kal aS trdXiv H.E.iu.39.] Early Christian Writers. 39 of the Lord's disciples, and what Aristion and the Elder John, the disciples of the Lord, say. For I did not think that I could get so much profit from the contents of books as from the utterances of a living and abiding voice. Here it is worth while to observe that he twice enumer- 5 ates the name of John. The first he mentions in con- nexion with Peter and James and Matthew and the rest of the Apostles, evidently meaning the Evangelist, but the other John he mentions after an interval and classes with others outside the number of the Apostles, placing Aristion 10 before him, and he distinctly calls him an Elder. So that he hereby makes it quite evident that their statement is true who say that there were two persons of that name in Asia, and that there are two tombs in Ephesus, each of which even now is called [the tomb] of John. And it is 15 important to notice this ; for it is probable that it was the second, if one will not admit that it was the first, who saw the Revelation which is ascribed by name to John. And Papias, of whom we are now speaking, confesses that he had received the words of the Apostles from those who 20 had followed them, but says that he was himself a hearer of Aristion and the Elder John. At all events he mentions them frequently by name, and besides records their tradi- tions in his writings. So much for these points which I trust have not been uselessly adduced. 25 It is worth while however to add to the words of Papias given above other passages from him, in which he records some other wonderful events likewise, as having come down to him by tradition. That Philip the Apostle re- sided in Hierapolis with his daughters has been already 30 stated ; but how Papias, their contemporary, relates that he had heard a marvellous tale from the daughters of Philip, must be noted here. For he relates that in his time a man rose from the dead, and again he gives another 40 Selections from [Eusewns hepov irapdSo^ov nepl 'lovarov tov eniKXtjOevTa Bap- aaP^av yeyovos, &S SrjXrjT'npioy (pdpfiaKoy e/Miriovros Kal jirjSiv drjSh Sia rfjy rov Kvpiov \dpiv viro/ieivuvTos. TovTov SI TOV 'lovarov /lera rfjv tov SooTijpos dvdXtjyjriv 5 TOi>y Upods dnocTToXovs p-iTO, MarOia a-rfja-ai re Kal kniv^aa-Qai. dvrl rov irpoSorov 'lovSa kirl rov KXrjpov rfjs dvanXrjpdxj-ecos rov avreov dpiBpov, 17 rmv irpd^eaiv mSi TTCBj IcTTopu ypaTi- Kal ea-TTjcrav Svo, Icoafj^ rov KaXov- pevov Bapaa^^dv, oy eneKXrjOri ^lovcrros, Kal Mardiav 10 Kal npocrev^dpevoi fhrav. Kal dXXa Se 6 airos axrdv « TrapaSoa-ecos dypd(pov els avrov ^Kovra rraparideirai, ^evas re rivas napa^oXdf rov S(orfjpos Kal SiSaa-KaXias avrov, Kai riva dXXa pvdiKwrepa. ev ofs Kal )(^iXLdSa rivd (f>r]v kKKXria-iacrriKcov rfjs opotas avrZ So^rjs napaiTios yeyove, rfjv dp-^aiorrjTa rdvSpos wpo- ^e^Xrjpevois, Scrirep ovv Elp-rjvaim, Kal et Tiy dXXos rd opoia ^povSv dvaTTev rov Kvpiov Xoycav SnjyrjaeLS Kal rov npecr^vTepov Iwdvvov rrapaSoaeLS, e

iXopa6eis dva- irepyjravres, dvayKaiws vvv Trpos tt(>rjv, nirpcp, ts irpos ras X/O^'^y iTToiHTO ras SiSacrKaXias, d\X' ov\ &a-rrep avvTa^Lv rav KvpiaKcov noiovfiei/os \6y to kut 'E^paiovs evayyiXiov ttepik^ei. Kal Tavra S' fifiiy dvayKaiccs npos Tois iKriBeicnv iTrLrerrjprjcrGco. Il/id. iii. 39. XIV. Tov S\ ^(orripos fipZv rd ipya del Trapfjv dXr]6fj yap TJv' ot BfpamvOevTes, 01 dvacrrdvres eK veKp5>v, ot oiiK 20 oi^Orjaav pLovov OepaTrevoptyoL Kal dvicrrdpevoi, dXXd Kai del wapovres' oiiSe kmSrjpovvros povov tov Scorrjpos, dXXd Kal aTraXXayevTOS, ^crav knl y^povov iKavov, Sare Kal els Tovs riperipovs xpovovs riyes aiirmv dipiKOvro. QuADRATUS : ibid. iv. 3. XV. Ti Sf] ovv Tovr S,y eiij ; £0' ■fjpSii' {nria")(yovpev rrdOei Kal pdariyi Saipovcov (pav- Xmv e^eXavvopevoi dKpirws KoXd^ere pi^ ippovri^ovres. H.E.ui.39.] Early Christian Writers. 43 he hear the Lord, nor did he follow Him ; but afterwards, as I said, [attended] Peter, who adapted his instructions to the needs [of his hearers] but had no design of giving a connected account of the Lord's oracles. So then Mark made no mistake, while he thus wrote down some things 5 as he remembered them ; for he made it his own care not to omit anything that he heard, or to set down any false statement therein. Such then is the account given by Papias concerning Mark. But concerning Matthew, the following statement lo is made [by him] : So then Matthew composed the oracles in the Hebrew language, and each one interpreted them as he could. The same writer employed testimonies from the First Epistle of John, and likewise from that of Peter. And he '5 has related another story about a woman accused of many sins before the Lord, which the Gospel according to the Hebrews contains. l. Quadratus on our Lord's Miracles. But our Saviour's works were always present, for tney were true, — even the men who were healed, who rose 20 from the dead, — who were seen not only while healed or rising, but always present, and that not only during the Saviour's stay on earth, but also after His departure they remained for a long time, so that some of them came down even to our own times. 35 Heathenism the work of demons. What does this mean ? In our case, though we profess to do no man wrong and to reject these godless opinions, you do not examine charges, but are driven by unreason- ing passion and the scourge of evil demons to punish us without investigation or consideration. For the truth 30 44 Selections from [J"stia elp^aeTai yap rd\rj6h- enfl to iraKaiov^ Saifioves (pavXoi, em^aveias noLrjadiJieyoi, koX yvvaiKOS ifioixeva-av Kal naiSas Sie^deipay KoX ^o^rjTpa dvOpSirois eSeiiav, d>s KaranXayfjuat. tovs ot Xoyw ras yivo/iiyas irpd^ui 5 ovK Upivov, dXXa Seei crvvTipnacTnii'oi Kal iif] knio-rd- fievoi, Saip-ovas iivai (pavXovs, 6eovs irpoa-mvofia^oy Kal 6v6/j.aTL iKacTTOV Trpoa-qyopevov, amp eKacrros avrS rmv Saijiovwv iriOeTO. ore Se XmKpdTrjs X6ya> dXr]$€i Kal e^eraariKm ravra ets (f>avepov eireipdro s dOfov Kal dae^rj diroKTeivai, XiyovTes Kawa eia-(pipuv avTov Saipovia. Kal ofioicos kt^ rifiZy to avTo kvip- yovcTLv oil yap fiovov ev "EXXrjcn Slo, SooKpdrov^ vtto 15 Xoyov TjXiyx^dr] Tavra, dXXa Kal kv jSap^dpois vtr' avrov Tov Xoyov [j.op(pa)6evTos Kal dvBpmrov yevofievov KUi 'IrjCTOV Xpia-Tov KXr]6evT0s, £ neia-Oii'Tes rjfj.eis to{is Tavra npd^avTas Sai/jtouas ov povov prj 6p6ovs dvai rjpSiv enrwa-L, npo €twv iKarbv nfVTrj- KovTa yeyfvvfjadai tov XpiaTov Xiyeiv 'fjpds enl Kv- pTjviov, SiSiSa)(€vai Sk a (papiv SiSd^ai avrov vcmpov 25 \p6vois €7rt HovtIov IUXdrov^ Kal kinKaXaxnv, coy dvevOv- vciov ovrcov rcov Trpoyiyevrjpevcov irdvrccv dv6pd>wa>v, (pOd- aavTfS rtjv dnopiav XvcTwpiOa. rov Xptarov irpeororoKov TOV &iov eivai kSiddyOrjpev Kal irpo€p.r]vva-ap.ev Xoyov 6vTa, ov ndv yevos dvOpSncov peTevTai, ev)(€(rdai re Kal alreTv vrja-rev- ovTfS irapa rov 0eov Ta>v TrporjfiapTrj/ievcov d^ea-LV SiSd- (TKOvTai, ■qp.Zv awev)(^ofiiva>v Kal avvvrjaTeuovTaiv avrois. (Treira dyovrai v(f> rjficov €v6a vSeep ecj-ri, Kal Tpoirov 15 dvayevvrjaeooSj oy Kal rifieis avrol dyfyevvrjOrjiiev, dva- ysvvZvTai' kn ovojiaTos yap rov narpos rS>v oXmv Kal SecTTTOTOv 0€ov Kal Tov CTWTTJpoi ■fj/j.S)!' 'IrjaoC Xpicrrov Kal rLfev/iaTO? dyiov to kv tZ iiSari Tore Xovrpov noiovvTai, Kal yap 6 Xpiaros itirev Av fifj dvayevvrjdfJTe^ ov jjifj 20 (ia-fX6r]Te (Is r^v ^aaiXeiav tS)v ovpavSiv, on Se Kal dSvvaTov els rds fi'^rpas twv reKova-av tovs aira^ yivvai- fikvovs k/i^fjvaij (pavepov Tzdcriv kari. . . . KaXeTrai Se TOVTO TO XovTpov (fxaTKT jios , cby v T^v Sidvoiav tS)V ravTa fiavdavovraiv. . . . 25 'H/ius Se /i€Ta rb ovroos Xovcrai tov neneiafievov Kal a-vyKarareOeiixevov kirl tovs Xeyo/ievovs dSeXdS)(iev to. dXrjdfj /laOovTes Kal Si' 30 epyccv dyaOol iroXiTevral Kal (pvXaKes tS>v kvTeTaX/ievonv Apoi.1.46.] Early Christian Writers. 47 as of the Greeks, Socrates, Heraclitus and others like them, and of the barbarians Abraham, Hananiah, Azariah, Mishael, Elijah, and many others, whose names and acts we decline to set down here, knowing that they would be long to tell. 5 Christian Worship. But I will explain how we also dedicated ourselves to God when we were made new through Christ, lest by passing it over I should seem in any way unfair in my explanation. As many as are persuaded and believe that the things are true which are taught by us and said to be lo true, and promise that they can live accordingly — they are taught to pray and to ask of God with fasting forgive- ness of their former sins, and we pray and fast together with them. Then they are brought by us to a place where there is water, and born again with a new birth is even as we ourselves were born again. For in the name of God the Father and Lord of the universe, and of our Saviour Jesus Christ and the Holy Spirit do they then receive the washing in water. For Christ said, Except ye be born again, ye shall not enter into the kingdom of 20 heaven. But that it is impossible for those once born to enter into the wombs of their mothers is manifest to all. . . . And this washing is called Enlightenment, because those who learn these things have their understanding enlightened. ... 25 But after having thus washed him that is persuaded and has given his assent, we bring him to where the brethren as they are called are gathered together, to make earnest prayers in common for ourselves and for the newly enlightened, and for all others everywhere, that 30 we may be counted worthy after we have learned the truth, by our works also to be found right livers and keepers of the commandments, that we may be saved with 48 Selections from [justin efiped^vat, orrwi T-f)v almviov (Tayrrjpiav o-aBco/iev. aXXrj- \ovs (piXrJuaTi dcnra^onfOa iravcrdnevoL tZv ii^Zv. eTretra irpocrcpepeTaL t5 irpoiCTTSiTL rS)v dSeXcpZv dpros Kal worripiov iiSaTos Kai KpdfxaTOS, kol ovtos Xa^cbv 6 ahov Kal So^av t5 Uarpl rZv oXcov Sia rov ovo/iaTOS tov Ttov Kal TOV Uvev/xaros tov dyiov dvaTri/Mwei Kal evxa.pi- aTiav iiTTep tov KaTrj^iwcrOai tovtquv Trap' aiiTov eTrl troXxJ nouTrac- o5 trvvTeXiaavTos rai evxa? fa' t^v ivxapicrTiav Tray 6 naplov Xaoi eirevcprjfiei Xeymv " 'A/i^v. to Se dfifjv lo rg 'E^patSi (fxtivfj to yevoiTO a-rjfiaiyei. evxaptcTTrj- aavTos 8e tov TrpoecrToiTOS Kal 6irev(f)r][MT](ravTOS ttuvtos tov Xaov ot KaXovjxevoi nap fiiuv SidKovoi BiSoaa-iv eKacTTW tS)v TTapovTcov fiiTaXaPiiv diro tov evxapLorTTjdevTos dprov Kal OLvov Kal vSaTos Kal tols ov irapovaLv dTTO^epovci. 15 Kal r) Tpo(f>^ avTT] KaXeiTai nap fifilv evx<^pi'0"!'ia, fjs oiiSevl dXXa> fieTaax^tf ^^ov ecrTiv, fj rS mcTTeuovTi dXr]6fj iivai Th, SeSiSayfieva {)(f> rjfimv Kal Xovaa/xivco to vnep dcpea-ecos dfLapTiZv Kal eis dvayivrTqcLv XovTpov Kal ovtcos ^LovvTi toy d X/Dt<7roy napkSwKiv. ov yap coy koivov 20 dpTov oiiSe Koivov nofia TavTa Xan^dvo/iev, dXX tv Tponov Sid Xoyov &(ov crapKonoirjOils JijcroCy XpiffTos d a-(OTfjp fi/Mwp Kal (rdpKa Kal atfia vnep acoTijpiai fifimv ecrxev, ovtcos Kal Trjv Si evxvs Xoyov tov nap aiiTOV evxapi(TTT]6e?(Tai> TpoKav evTe- TaXdai avToTs tov 'Itjctovv, Xa^ovTa dpTov evxapiaT'qaavTa 30 eineiv Tovto noieiTe eis ttjv dvdfivrjarty fiov^ tovto €s Xa^ovTa Kal evxa- piaTTjo-avTa eineiv Tovto etni aijid jiov, Kal (lovois avTois jJieTaSovvai. Snep Kal ev TOts tov MiOpa fjiva-Tr}- Apoi.i. 65-67.] Early Christian Writers. 49 the eternal salvation. We salute each other with a kiss when our prayers are ended. Afterwards is brought to the president of the brethren bread and a cup of water and [mixed] wine, and he takes it and offers up praise and glory to the Father of the universe through the name 5 of the Son and the Holy Spirit, and gives thanks at length, that we have received these favours from Him ; and at the end of his prayers and thanksgiving the whole people present assents, saying Amen. Now the word Amen in the Hebrew language signifies So be it. Then 10 after the president has given thanks and all the people assented; the deacons as we call them allow every one of those present to partake of the bread and wine and water for which thanks have been given ; and for those absent they take away a portion. 15 And this food is called by us Eucharist, and it is not lawful for any man to partake of it but he who believes our teaching to be true, and has been washed with the washing which is ior the forgiveness of sins and unto a new birth, and is so living as Christ commanded. For 20 not as common bread and common drink do we receive these ; but like as Jesus Christ our Saviour being made flesh through the word of God had both flesh and blood for our salvation, so also were we taught that the food for which thanks are given by the prayer of his word, 25 and from which our blood and flesh by conversion are nourished, is both flesh and blood of that Jesus who was made flesh. For the Apostles in the memoirs which they composed, which are called Gospels, thus delivered that command was given them — that Jesus took bread and 30 gave thanks and said, This do in remembrance of me, this is my body; and that He hkewise took the cup, and after He had given thanks said. This is my blood, and gave of it only to them. Which the evil demons imitated, commanding it to be done also in the mysteries of Mithras; 35 50 Selections from [jnsan pt'oiy TrapiSaoKav yiveaQai /MiiTja-dfiei/oi ol irovrjpol Sai- fioves' oTi yap dpros kol TTOTrjpiov vSaTOS TiOeTai kv tuls Tov fivovfievov TeXerais fier' kniXoyaiv tlvZv, t] tTTiaraaBi rj fiaOeiv SvvaaOe. 5 'Hfieh Se fiera ravra Xoiirov del tovtoiv dXXi^Xovs dvap-iiivria-KOfiiv' Kal ol e^ovres toTs Xenronevois ndaiv eTriKovpov/Mey, Kal awea/ifv dXXijXois ad. tin ndai re 019 Trpoav dnoaToXwv r] Ta avyypdfi- fiaTa tS>v wpo(f)r]Tmv dvayLvma-KiTai fie^pis kyyoapei. eiTa navaa/jievov tov dvayivdxTKOVTOs 6 npoeo'Tcbs Slo, 15 Xoyov T^v vovdiaiav Kal irpoKX-qcriv Trjs Tmv KaXcov tov- Twv iiiprjcrecas rroieiTai. eneiTa dvLcrTafieOa Koivfj ndvTis Kal evxds ne/nro/j.fv, Kai^ coy npok(f>r]jiev, iravcraiikvaiv r)ix5>v TTJs ev)(r]S dpT09 TrpoacfiepiTai Kal oTvos Kal vScop, Kal 6 wpoea-TOJS ev')(as ofioicos Kal tvyapiaTias, oar] SwafiLS JO ainSij dvaTTi/xneL Kal 6 Xaoi €Trev(pr]nei Xiycov to dp.'qv' Kal rj SidSociS Kal 17 /leTdXrjyjfts dnb tSiv evy(apLaTri6iVTv iKaaTO) yiveTai Kal toT? ov napovai Sid tS>v Siukovcov nefiireTat. 01 eviropovvTes Se Kal ^ovXa/xevoi KaTO, irpoaipea-iv eKacrTOS Trjv iavTOV o ^ovXeTat SiScocn, Kal to 25 croXXeyofievov irapd tw npoecTTcoTL dnoTideTat, Kal avToi kiTiKovpa. opcjiavois Te Kal )(r]paLS, Kal to?s Sid voaov ^ SC dXXrjv aiTiav Xeinofiivois, Kal Tois kv Seafiols oven, Kal Tois TTapemSrifiois oven ^kvois, Kal dwXas ndai TOis kv \peia oval KrjSefiwv yivsTai, Trjv Se tov fjXiov tjfiepav 30 Koivfj TrdvTes ttjv cvveXevaiv Troiovp-eOa, kneiSri npd>Tr] kaTiv fj/iepa, kv § 6 ©eoy to o-kotos Kal Trjv vXrjv rpe^ay K6(r/xov knoirjcre, Kal 'Irjcrovs XpiaTos 6 ■fuj.eTepos creoT^p Ttj avTfl 'fifiepa e/c veKpSiv dvea-Trj- tj} yap npo ttjs Apoi. i. 65-67.] Early Christian Writers. 51 for that bread and a cup of water are set forth with certain explanations in the ceremonial of initiation, you either know or can learn. But we afterwards henceforth continually put each other in mind of these things, and those of us who are wealthy 5 help all that are in want, and we always remain together. And for all things that we eat we bless the Maker of all through His Son Jesus Christ, and through the Holy Spirit. And on the so-called day of the San there is a meeting of all of us who live in cities or the country, and 10 the memoirs of the Apostles or the writings of the prophets are read, as long as time allows. Then when the reader has ceased, the president gives by word of mouth his admonition and exhortation to follow these excellent things. Afterwards we all rise at once and offer prayers; 15 and as I said, when we have ceased to pray, bread is brought and wine and water, and the president likewise offers up prayers and thanksgivings to the best of his power, and the people assents with its Amen. Then follows the distribution to each and the partaking of that 20 for which thanks were given ; and to them that are absent a portion is sent by the hand of the deacons. Of those that are well to do and willing, every one gives what he will according to his own purpose, and the collection is deposited with the president, and he it is that succours 25 orphans and widows, and those that are in want through sickness or any other cause, and those that are in bonds, and the strangers that are sojourning, and in short he has the care of all that are in need. Now we all hold our common meeting on the day of the Sun, because it is the 30 first day on which God changed the darkness and matter in His making of the world ; and Jesus Christ our Saviour on the same day rose from the dead. For on the day E 2 53 Selections from [justm KpoviKr)i kcFTavpaxj-CLv avTov kol rfj fieTo. Tr]v KpopiK-qv, rjTLS eariv f^Xlov rj/xepa^ (paveli Tois dnoaroXoLS avrov KOI /laOrjTaTs eSiSa^e Tavra, amp els kirtaKe-^Lv kuI in'iv dveSv diTiKpLvaTo' 'H ypatprj ovk e^er ^ISoti 77 napdivos iv yaarpl \Tj\lffTai Kal re^iTai viov, aXX'" 'ISod 77 veducs kv yaarpl Xrjy^erai Kal re^erai vlov, Kal rk iifjs XoiTTo, (oy 'kcprjs. (ctti Se fj irdcra vpocprjTHa XeXey/j-ivT] eh 'E(eKt.av, eh w Kal dnoSeiKwrai dwo^dvTa 10 Kara rrjv npocprjTeiav ravrrji'. ev Se Toh tcov Xeyo- fievcov 'EXXrjvwv fj-vdoLS XeXeKTai oti Uepaeiis kK Aa- fdrjs, napQevov ovirrjs, ev ^(^pvcrov /J-opfpfj pevcravTos kir avrrjir Tov nap' avroh Aios KaXovjxevov, yeyevfrjraf Kal iipeh TO, avTo. eKeivois Xeyovres alSeiaBai ocbeiXeTe, Kal '5 fiaXXov avOpcoTTOv k^ dvOpcinrwv yevofievov Xeyeiv rov Irjaovf TovTov^ Kai, kdv diToSetKvvre dnb rwv ypa

v OTi avTos kariy 6 Xpiaros, Sia to kvyofian kuI reXetoy TToXiTevecrOai avrov Karij^iwcrOai rov kKXeyfjvai eh Xpia- rov, aXXa fifj reparoXoyeiv roX/xdre^ ottcos p-rfre opioicoi JO Tory "EXXr](7i ncapaiveiv kXeyyTjaOt. Justin, Dial. 67. XIX. "Orav yap coy vlov dvOpdairov Xeyt] AavifjX rov irapa- XajjL^dvovra rfjv alwviov ^acriXeiav, ovk aiirb rovro aiviaraerai ; to yap coy vlov dvBpumov elneiv^ (paivo/ievov [lev Kal yevofievov dvOpcorrov firjvvei^ ovk k^ dvdpwnivov 25 8e a-Trepfiaros vndpyovra S-qXoi. Kal rb XlOov rovrov elweiv dvev -^eipaiv rfir]6evTa, kv fiva-Trjptf rb aiirb KeKpaye- rb yap dvev y^eipZv elireiv avrbv kKrerfifjadai, on OVK ecrriv dvOpSmvov epyov, dXXd rfjs ^ovXi]S rov Apoi. i. 65-67.] Early Christian Writers. ^■i before Saturn's they crucified Him ; and on the day after Saturn's, which is the day of the Sun, he appeared to His Apostles and disciples and taught them these things, which we have offered to you also for consideration. The Jewish interpretation of Isa. vii. 14. And Trypho answered, The scripture has not Behold 6 the virgin shall conceive and bear a son, but Behold the young woman shall conceive and bear a son, and the rest of it as you say. But the whole prophecy was spoken of Hezekiah, and in him it is proved that the things were fulfilled according to this prophecy. But in the legends 10 of those who are called Greeks we read that Perseus was born of Danae, who was a virgin, and on whom: he who is by them called Zeus came down in the form, of a shower of gold ; and you ought to be ashamed of telling the same tale as they, and should rather say that this Jesus was 15 a man born of men, and that if you prove from the Scrip- tures that he is the Christ, he was counted worthy of being chosen for the Christ because he lived a perfect life and according to the law. But do not venture to tell romancing tales, lest you be convicted of making fools of 20 yourselves like the Greeks. The Christian interpretation of various passages. When Daniel says As a son of man ^ of him who re- ceives the everlasting kingdom, is he not hinting this very thing? For the words, As a son of man, show that he seemed and became a man, but declare that he was not 25 born of human seed. And in that he speaks of him as a stone cut without hands '\ he proclaims the same in a mystery, for the words Cut out without hands signify ' Dan. vii. 13. ' Dan, ii. 34. 54 Selections from [Justin npo^dWovTos avTov IlaTpos tcov oXccv Qeov. koX rh 'Ha-atav (pduar Trji> yeveav aiiTov Tis i>, SiSdcTKaXov avTov yey^vfiaQai TrpoeKrjpvcra-ev ; *A yap fieydXa kjSe^ovXiVTO 6 IlaTfjp el's Te ndvTas Toiis evapicTTOVS yevojxkvovs avra Kal yevrjcrofievovs dvOpdnrovi, 15 Kal Toiii dnoa-TdvTas Trji ^ovXfjs avTov ofioicos dvOpdiirovs fj dyykXovs, oStos jjlovos dnapaKaXviTTtos kSiSa^iv. Ibid. 76. XX. "Eri TOV Aiovvdiov Kal ' irpos Paifiaiovs tirto'ToXfi (peperat, kniaKOTrai t& tots ScoTrjpL 7Tpoa-(pv jjikv 30 TTjv SiawfiMwofikvrjv Sa^^iXeiav ttjp ds Toi>s dyiovs Xoyois Diai.76.] Early Christian Writers. 55 that it is not a work of men, but of God the Father of the universe, who produces him. Again, when Isaiah said, _ Who shall declare his generation ? ^ it was a plain proof that he had a generation which could not be declared, for none who is a man from men has a generation that cannot 6 be declared. And in that Moses says that he washes his raiment in the blood of the grape '', is not this the thing that I have often told you he prophesied obscurely, how he signified aforetime that he had blood, but not of men, even as it was not man but God that brought forth the 10 blood of the wine ? Again, when Isaiah called him Angel of mighty counsel ^ did he not foretell that he would be the teacher of the things which he taught when he came ? For he alone taught openly the mighty works which the Father had counselled with regard to all men who ever 15 were or shall be well-pleasing to him, and with regard to those who rebelled against his counsel, as well men as angels, saying [Matt. viii. 11, 12]. Letter of Dionysius of Corinth to the Romans. Moreover there is current an Epistle of Dionysius to the Romans, addressed to Soter who was then bishop. 20 But there is nothing like quoting from it words in which he approves the custom of the Romans which was kept up till the persecution of our own time, writing thus. For you have from the beginning this custom of doing good in divers ways to all the brethren, and sending supplies to 25 many churches in all the cities, in one place refreshing the poverty of them that need, in another helping brethren in the mines with the supplies which you have sent from the beginning, maintaining like Romans the traditional custom of the Romans, which your worthy bishop Soter ,0 has not only kept up but increased, helping the saints with the abundant supply he sends from time to time, and with ' Isa. liii. 8. " Gen. xlix. ii. ^ Isa. ix. 6, LXX. ^6 Selections from [Eusebius h\ fiUKapiois roi)s dviovras dSeX^ovs, m rUva narrip ^iXoaropyos, napaKaKwv, 'Ev avTfj Se Tavrrj kol rfji EXTj/ievTos nph Kopivdiovs . /xeiivTjTai iTTLO-ToXrjs, Sr]XS>i/ dviKaOeu k^ dpxaiov edov? 5 ewl Trjs iKKXrjO-ias ttjv dvayytoaiv avrfjs woieTaOat. Ae- yei yovv Tfjv a-ripepov ovv EvpiaKfju dyiav i\p.kpav hir\ydyop.iv, kv r) dykyvcofiiv Vjxmv ttjv knia-ToXrjV fiv e^ofiev del norf dvayivd>a-KOVT€S vovdeTeicrdai, toy /cat ttjv irporepav fifiiv '° Sia KX-q/iiVTOs ypa(f>eTaau. "Eti Se 6 avTos Kal irepl tZv ISicov kiriaToXSiv is paSL0vpyr]6eiaa>v, ravTa (jtrjaiv f"]'*^*^ 'Enia-ToXai yap dSeX^cov d^iaxravTOiv Hf ypdy^ai, eypayjra. Kal ravras oi tov Sia^oXov dnoa-ToXot {i^a- '5 vicov yeye/iiKav, ^ fiev k^atpovvre?, ct, Se Trpoa-TiOevTes. o?s TO oval Keirai. ov QavjiacTTOv dpa ei Kai toiv Kvpta- kSsv paSiovpyfjcrai rives kni^e^Xrivrai ypacpwv, OTTore Kal rah ov TOiavrais kni^e^ovXevKaa-i. Eusebius, Htsi. Ecdes. iv. 23. XXI. Oi ev Bievvrj Kal AovySovvco ttjj TaXXias napoiKovvTes 20 SovXoi XpidTOv, TOii Kara ttjv 'Acriav Kal ^pvyiav ttjv avrr]v TTJs dTToXvTpcoo'ews fjfiiv niaTiv Kal kXiriSa typvaiv dSeXcpois, eiprjvT} Kal X'^P'^ '^®' So^a dwb Oeov IlaTpo? Kal XpicrTOV 'Irja-ov tov Kvpiov fifj.aiv. To fiev ovv fieyeOos 77jy kv6dSe OXi^freco?, Kal rrjv 25 ToaavTr]v tcov k6v5>v eh tovs dyiovs opyriv, Kal oaa vrrejieivav ol fiaKapioi fidpTvpes, kn' dKpi^es ovff rifieh eiwetv iKavot, ovTe fifjv ypacp^ nepiXricpQfjvai Svvarov. TTavrl yap aOevei kveaKrjy^ev 6 avTiKeifxevos, irpooi/iia^o- p.evos -qSr] Trjv dSew neXXov(rav ea-ecrdai napovaiav avrov' 30 Kal Sia TrdvTcov SifjXOev, k6i^a>v tovs eavTov Kal npo- H.E.iv.23.] Early Christian Writers. 57 blessed words exhorting, as a loving father his children, the brethren who come up to Rome. In this same Epistle he also mentions Clement's Epistle to the Corinthians, showing that from the first of ancient custom it was read before the Church. He says, To-day being the Lord's day 5 we kept holy ; and in it we read your letter, from the read- ing of which we shall always be able to obtain admonition, as from the former one written to us through Clement. Again, the same writer speaks of his own epistles as having been falsified, in these words, For when the 1° brethren asked me to write letters, I wrote them; and these the apostles of the devil have filled with tares, taking away some things and adding others. For them the Woe is reserved. So it is no marvel if some have endeavoured to falsify even the dominical scriptures, when they have 15 plotted also against writings of another sort. The Persecution at Lyons and Vienna. The servants of Christ residing at Vienna and Lyons, in Gaul, to the brethren throughout Asia and Phrygia, who hold the same faith and hope of redemption, peace and grace and glory from God the Father and Christ 20 Jesus our Lord. The greatness of the tribulation in this region, and the fury of the heathen against the saints, and the sufferings of the blessed witnesses, we cannot recount accurately, nor indeed could they possibly be recorded. For with all 25 his might the adversary fell upon us, giving us a fore- taste of his unbridled activity at his future coming. He endeavoured in every manner to practise and exercise his 58 Selections from [Eusewus yvjivd^wv Kara tu>v SovXmv tov Qeov, rncne fifj /lovov oIkiSiv Kal ^oKaveiaiv Kal dyopas tipyecrOai, aWa Kai to Ka66\ov (f>atvia6ai rjiiwy Tiva avToTs (XTreipfja-OaL kv onotw SrjiroTe Toirai. avTiaTparriyiL 8f] 17 X"/"^ '""^ ©eov, Kal 5 TOILS' fiiv da-divels eppvero, avTiTrapiracrae Se (ttvXovs iSpuLovs, Svvafieyovs Sta Trj9 vnofiovfji Trdaav tt^v opfi^v TOV TTOvrjpov els iavToiis iXKVcrai' ot Kal bfiocre €)(a)povv aiiTw, ndv elSos oviLSLcrfiov Kal KoXdaecos dve^o/ievoi, ot Kal Ta TToXXd oXiya riyov/Mevoi eamvSov Trpoy XpuTTOv, 10 SuTODi eTnSeiKvvfievoc, otl ' ovk d^ia to, naOij/iaTa tov vvv Katpov, trpo? Trjv p.eXXovaav So^av dTroKaXv(pdfjvaL eis rjfids! Kal npcoTov pkv to, dno tov b-}(Xov TravSTj/iel (TcaprjSov kirKpepojieva yevvaicos vwi/xivov^ eTn^oi](Teis, Kal nXriyds, Kal crvp/xovs, Kal Siapvayd?, Kal XiScov ^oXdi, 15 Kal avyKXeicreis, Kal ndv6' ocra rjypicofiiva TrXij^et coy npos €^6povs Kal TroXfp.iovs (piXei yiyeaOai. Kal Sfj dva-)(6kvTe9 eh ttjv dyopdv vtto re tov )(^tXidp^ov Kal tSiv TrpoeaTrjKOTOiu rrjs Tr6Xea>s k^ovaicov, kirl TravTos tov nXyj- 6ovi dvaKpi6evTes Kal ojMoXoyrja-avTes, (rvveKXeiaOriaav 20 eiy TTiv elpKTfji> ecos Trjs tov riyefiovos napovaias. fieT- eneiTa 8e €ttI tov ■f^yefiova dyOevTcav avTcoVj KdKeivov ndar] ttj npbs rj/xas cofioTrjTL ■^(^pcofievov, OveTTios Eir- dyados, its kK tZv dSeXtpcov^ nXrjpcofia dydirrjs Trjs wpos TOV Qeov Kal tov irX-qaiov Ke)(ajpr]Kd>s, (ov Kal km 25 ToaovTov rjKptl3a)T0 rj iroXiTeia, d>s Kaiirep ovTa veov (Tvve^Kjova-Qai Trj tov vpea^vTtpov Zayaptov /iapTvpia' nenopevTO yovv ' kv irdaais Tais kvToXals Kal SiKaiwfiao'L TOV KvpLov dfiefiTTTOS,' Kal ndar) .ttj Trpos tov ttXtjo'iov XeiTovpyta doKvos, ^rjXov ©eov woXvv e)(aiv, Kal ^ea>v tw iOTTvevp-aTf) ToiovTOS Srj tis d)!/ Tr]V ovtco KaO' rjfiwv dX6- ycos yLvo/j.evr]v Kptaiv ovk kj^dcrTaaev, dXX' inreprjyavdK- rJ?o-6, Kal rj^Lov Kal avTos dKovcrOfjval dnoXoyovnevos imep t5>v dSeXfav, oti ji-qSev ddeov ixT]Se dae^es kffTtv kv H.E.V.I.] Early Christian Writers. 59 servants against the servants of God, not only shutting us out from houses and baths and markets, but forbidding any of us to be seen in any place whatever. But the grace of God led the conflict against him, and delivered the weak, and set them as firm pillars, able through 5 patience to endure all the wrath of the Evil One. And they joined battle with him, undergoing all kinds of shame and injury; and regarding their great sufferings as little, they hastened to Christ, manifesting truly that 'the sufferings of this present time are not worthy to be 10 compared with the glory which shall be revealed to US-ward.' First of all, they endured nobly the injuries heaped upon them by the populace ; clamours and blows and draggings and robberies and stonings and imprison- ments, and all things which an infuriated mob delight 15 in inflicting on enemies and adversaries. Then being taken to the forum by the chiliarch and the authorities of the city, they were examined in the presence of the whole multitude, and having confessed, they were im- prisoned until the arrival of the governor. When, after- 20 wards, they were brought before him, and he treated us with the utmost cruelty, Vettius Epagathus, one of the brethren, and a man filled with love for God and his neighbour, interfered. His life was so consistent that, although young, he had obtained a reputation equal to 25 that of the elder Zacharias : for he ' walked in all the commandments and ordinances of the Lord blameless,' and was untiring in every good work for his neighbour, zealous for God and fervent in spirit. Such being his character, he could not endure the unreasonable judgement 30 against us, but was filled with indignation, and asked to be permitted to testify in behalf of his brethren, that there is among us nothing ungodly or impious. But those 6o Selections from [Eusewns r]iuv. t5>v Be nepl to ^fjfia KaTa^orjaavrcoi' avrov, ((cat yap Tjv tTTLa-rifio?,) Kal tov Tjyejxovos fifi dvaayonevov ttjs ovTcos vw avTov SiKaias TrpoTudiiarjs d^Lcoafccis, aWa jiovov rovTo TTvQojikvov^ ei Kal avros eirj Xpia-riavos, tov 5 ^6 Xa/XTTpOTaTri v jiapTvpcov^ ' TrapdKXrjTos XpicrTiavwvs XPTl/J-aTiaai, 'kyonv Sk tov UapdKXriTov kv iavra, to nvev/jLa irXetoi/ tov Za-)(apiov. o Sih tov nXTjpco/iaTos Trjs dyaTTTis kveSii^aTO, tvSoKrjcras vn\p Trjs tSiv dSeXifiwv 10 dwoXoylai Kal T^r iavTOV deivai ylrv^i^v. rjv yap Kal 'i(TTl yvrfffLOS XpiCTOV iiaQriTrjS, ' dKoXov6a)v tw 'Apvicp oTTov dv vTrdyrj.' evrevOfv Sfj SuKpivovTO ol Xoiirot, Kal (pavepol Kal eToip-oi kyivovTO TrptoTOfidpTvpes. oi Kal fifTO. ndarjs irpodvuias dvenX^povv ttjv ojioXoyiav Trjs 15 fiapTvptas. t(paivovTO Se Kal ol dviTOijioi Kal dyvfivacr- Toi, Kal CTi dadeveis, dycovos fJ-eydXov tovov eviyKuv fifj dvvdfievoi, a>v Kal k^krpaxxav ths SsKa tov dpidfiov 01 Kal fiiydXriv Xvwrjv Kal nkvOos dfiiTpt^TOV kvtnoi-qaav rjfiiv, Kal TTjv npoOvfiiav Tmv Xonra>v twv fifj (TVveiXrjiJijxk- 20 voav kv(KO\lrav, ot Kainep ndvTa to. Seivd irda\ovT€S, op-ws avpnapija-av Toh pdpTVcn Kal ovk aTreXeiirovTO ai/Tav. TOTe St] ol TTavTes p.eydXcos kirTOT^O-qfiev, Sia to dSrjXov Trji opoXoyias, ov ray kirLcpepofikvas KoXaaeiy (po^ov- ptvoi, dXXa TO TiXos d^opwvTes, Kal to dwoneaelv Tiva 2; SiSiOTes. a-vveXap^dvovTO jxkvTOi Ka6' kKaa-Trjv rjpkpav ol d^ioi, TOV eKeivcov dvanXrjpovvTes dptOpov, &a-Te avX- Xiyrjvai (k tcov Svo kKKXrjcnav TrdvTas Toiis (riTOvSaiovs, Kal 8l (i>v fidXia-Ta a-vveiaTiJKeL to, kv6dSe. avpfXafi^d- vovTO Se Kal kdviKot Tives oUiTai tcov rjfieTepcov, knel 30 Srjixocria eKeXevcrev 6 fjyepcbv dva^rjTeio-Oai ndvTas rjpds' 01 Kal KaT kveSpav tov HaTavd, 9 k-)(aXeiraivov Kal SienpiovTO Ka6 tj/iSiv. enXrjpovTO Se TO iino tov Kvpiov r]p.S)v elp-qfievov, on ' eXevcrerat Kaipos, kv S) Tray o diroKTUvas vfias So^ei Xarpeiav Trpoa(pipeLv tSi Oea,' kvravda Xolttov vvepdyo) vda-qs 10 e^rjyrjaecos vnefievov KoXdaeis ol dyioi /idprvpes, (piXo- Tipovpevov TOV SaTUfa Kal Si tKuvrnv prjBfjvai ti twv PXa(T(pTjH(iiv. 'Tnep^e^Xrjfievcos Se eveaKTjy^ev f/ opyrj ndcra Kal 6)(Xov Kal rjyep.oi'os Kal v el? ^dyKTOv Sid- 15 Kovov dno Biei/vrjs, Kal els MdTOvpof veocpdoTia-Toy jjiev, dXXa yevvaiov dyeoviaT-qv^ Kal els "^ATTaXof IIepyafj.T]vov Tw yevei, ' cttvXou Kal eSpaia>na' t5>v kvTavOa del yeyo- voTa, Kal els BXavSivav, Sl fjs kireSei^ev 6 XpicrTos oti T&. napd dfdpdnroLS evreXfj Kal deiSrj Kal evKaTacfypovrjra 20 (paivo/ieva fxeydXrjS KaTa^iovrat napa. ©eS So^ijs, Sia TTjv TTpos aiiTOV dydurju^ Tr}v kv SwdfieL SeLKVVjJ.evr)v, Kal pf] ev eiSei Kavy^wpevrjv. fipStv yap tvdvTdv SeSioTcov, Kai TTJs aapKivrjs Sea-noivqs avTrjs, iJTis vv Kal avrfj twv papTvpmv pia dycuviaTpia, dyoavidiaris pfj ovSe ttjv o/io- 25 Xoyiav Svyi^aeTai irapprjcnda-aaBai Sih to dcrBeves TOV crwpaTOS, ri BXavSiva ToaavTTjS enXrjpcoOr] Svvdp.eais, coa-Te kKXvOfjvai Kal TrapeOrjvai tovs kuto. SLaSo)^ds ttuvtI TpoTTCp ^aaavL^ovTas amriv dno ecaOivfjs e iTapapeveiv epnvovv avTrfv, iravTos tov (rdipaTos irepieppcoyoTOS Kal ijvewypeuov, Kal papTvpeiv, oti ei/ elSos a-Tpe^Xwa-ecos iKavov rjv npos to e^ayayeiy ttjv '^v)^tJv, ovv oti ye H.E.V.I.] Early Christian Writers. 6^ accused us falsely of Thyestean banquets and Oedipodean intercourse, and of deeds which are not only unlawful for us to speak of or to think, but which we cannot believe were ever done by men. When these accusations were reported, all the people raged like wild beasts against us, 5 so that even if any had before been moderate on account of friendship, they were now exceedingly furious and gnashed their teeth against us. And that which was spoken by our Lord was fulfilled : ' The time will come when whosoever killeth you will think that he doeth God service.' Then 10 finally the holy witnesses endured sufferings beyond description, Satan striving earnestly that some of the slanders might be uttered by them also. But the whole wrath of the populace, and governor, and soldiers was aroused exceedingly against Sanctus, 15 the deacon from Vienna, and Maturus, a late convert, yet a noble combatant, and against Attains, a native of Per- gamos, where he had always been a pillar and foundation, and Blandina, through whom Christ showed that things which appear mean and obscure and despicable to men 20 are with God of great glory, through love toward Him manifested in power, and not boasting in appearance. For while we all trembled, and her earthly mistress, who was herself also one of the witnesses, feared that on account of the weakness of her body, she would be unable 25 to make bold confession, Blandina was filled with such power as to be delivered and raised above those who were torturing her by turns from morning till evening in every manner, so that they acknowledged that they were con- quered, and could do nothing more to her. And they 3^ were astonished at her endurance, as her entire body was mangled and broken ; and they testified that one of these forms of torture was sufficient to destroy life, not to speak 64 Selections from [Eusewus Toiavra kou roaavTa. d\\' fj (laKapia a>s yevvaios ddXrjTTjS dvevea^eu kv rfj ofioXoyia' Kal rjv avTTJs dvd- \r]\}ns Kal dydiravcris Kal dvaXyrjaia tZv avfi^aivovTwv, TO Xeyetu on ' XpLdTiavrj el/jii,' Kai, ' nap r)p.Tv ovSev 5 ^avXov ylverai. 'O Se SdyKTOS Kal avrbs inrfpj3el3Xr]iJiii'(o9 Kal vwep iravTa dvdpanrov ndaas ras e^ dvBpamoiv aiKia? yevvams vTTOfjtivccv, t5>v dvopcav kXiri^ovTwv Sia Tfjv kiripovr]v Kal TO fikyeOos tuiv ^aadvoav dKovcreaOai ti Trap avTov ray 10 fiTi SiovTWV, Too-avrrj vTroa-Taa-ei. avTiiraperd^aTO avroh, coore fJ-r]Se to iSiov KaTeinetv ovo/xaj p.rjTe idvovs, prjTe TToXecos odev rjv, prire el SovXos rj kX(v6epos en;, dXXa TTpos ndvra to, knepcoTSfieva dnfKpivaTO rfj Pwjia'iK^ ^wvfj, ' XpLaTiavos eifii.' tovto Kal dvTi ovopaTOS, Kal 15 di'Ti TToXecay, Kal dvrl yevovs, Kal dvrl iravTos kiraXXriXai^ SpoXoyei, dX\r]v Se (pcovrjy ovk fiKOvaav avTOV Ta eOvTj. . . . Kal Bt^XidSa Se Tiva twv rjpvrjpevwy ijSr] SokS>v 6 Atd^oXos ' KaTaTreircoKeuai, BeXrjcras Se Kal Sid pXaacprj- piai KaraKpTvaL^ rjyev kirl KoXaaiv, dvayKd^cav ehrelv to. 30 dOea irepl ij/iwr, &)y evOpav<7Tov rjSr] Kal dvavSpov. rj Se kv rfj (TTpe^XdicTei dvevrjyfre^ Kai^ ws av eiTTeiv, eK ^aOios virvov dveyprjyoprjO'ev, VTTopvrjcrdeicra Sia Trjs npoa-Katpov Tipaipias Trji/ aidiviov kv yeevvrj KoXacriv^ Kal k^ kvavTias dvTeine toTs ^Xaa-cjirjpois, (prjaaaa, ' JTcoy dv 25 naiSta (pdyoiev 01 tolovtoi^ ois pT^Se dXoycav ^dxav atpa (payeiv e^ov ; Kal dwo TovSe XpiaTiavrjv eavTTjv d>po- Xoyei^ Kal rZ KXrjpai twv paprvpcov wpocreTedri. . . . O Se paKdpios IIo6eiv6s, 6 ttjv SiaKoviav r^i eiri- ffKOTTTJs kv AovySovvcp TrentaTevpevos, vwep to, kvevrJKOVTa 30 eTT] Trjs ■^XiKias yeyovd>s, Kal irdvv dcrdevtjs r<3 (TcopaTl, poXis pev kpiTvecov Sid ttjv npoKeipevrjv orcopaTiKrjv daOeveiav, viro Se npoOvpias wevpaTOS dvappcovvpevos Sid T7]v kyKeipevTjv rrjs paprvpias kiriOvpiav, Kal aiiTos H.E.V.I.] Early Christian Writers. 6^ oi so many and so great sufferings. But the blessed woman, like a noble athlete, renewed her strength in her confession; and her comfort and recreation and relief from the pain of her sufferings was in exclaiming, ' I am a Christian, and there is nothing vile done by us.' 5 But Sanctus also endured marvellously and super- humanly all the outrages which he suffered. While the wicked men hoped, by the continuance and severity of his tortures to wring something from him which he ought not to say, he girded himself against them with such firmness 10 that he would not even tell his name, or the nation or city to which he belonged, or whether he was bond or free, but answered in the Roman tongue to all their questions, 'I am a Christian.' He confessed this instead of name and city and race and everything besides, and the people 15 heard from him no other word. . . . But the devil, thinking that he had already consumed Biblias, who was one of those who had denied Christ, desiring to increase her condemnation through the utter- ance of blasphemy, brought her again to the torture, to 20 compel her, as already feeble and weak, to report impious things concerning us. But she recovered herself under the suffering, and as if awaking from a deep sleep, and reminded by the present anguish of the eternal punish- ment in hell, she contradicted the blasphemers. ' How,' 25 she said, 'could those eat children who do not think it lawful to taste the blood even of irrational animals?' And thenceforward she confessed herself a Christian, and was given a place in the order of the witnesses. . . . The blessed Pothinus, who had been entrusted with 30 the bishopric of Lyons, was dragged to the judgement-seat. He was more than ninety years of age, and very infirm, scarcely indeed able to breathe because of physical weak- ness ; but he was strengthened by spiritual zeal through his earnest desire for martyrdom. Though his body was 35 66 Selections from [Eusewu kirl TO ^r\fia kcrvpero, rov fiev awfiaTOS Kal inrb to y^pcos Kai vno rrjs voa-ov XeXvfievov, TrjpovfjihrjS Se rfj '^v)(^fjv kv avTTwv eirl to ^fjfjia KOfiicrOek, Trapanep. 5 TTovraiv avrbv t5>v ttoXitlkSiv e^ova-icov, Kat wavTos to TrXrjdovs, eTTi^orja-fis iravToias noiovpivaiv, tor avTov ovro Tov Xpta-Tov, direSiSov t^v KaXfjv papTvpiav. dveTu^opeuo Se vwb TOV rj-yepouoi, tis e'lrj XpiaTiavSiv 6 Oeos, e(pTj ' 'Eav ijS d^tos, yvdxTrj.' evTivdev Sfi dcpeiSas ecrvpeTC lo Kal TTOiKiXas eVacrxe iTXr]yds, t5>v p\v cruveyyv^ X^A"^ Kal TToalv evv^pi^ovTCOv TravTOiws, p'rjSi ttjv rjXiKia] alSovfieucoy avTOv, twv Se paKpdv, o peTa )(eipas eKacTTO et^ev, els avTbv dKovTi^ovTonv, ndvTmv Se r)yovpevm. peydXws nXrjppeXeiv Kal dae^elv, ei tis dnoXeKpOeir) Trj 15 els aiiTov dcreXyeias' Kal yap tovs Oeovs iavTcov wovt ovTcos eKSLKrjcreLV. Kal poyis epirvewv kppi(pr) els ttj elpKTTjv, Kal peTO, Svo ffptpas dtre'^v^ev. . , . MeTa TavTa Sfj Xoinbv els irdv eiSos Str)pe?TO n papTvpta TTJs k^oSov aiiToiv. kK Siav yap ^pcopd 20 Tcoy Kal navTomv dv6S)v eva wXe^avTes aTev 6r}piopa-)(j.Siv Tipepas Slo, toijs ■^peTepovs SiSopeprjs. Kal 6 pev MuTovpos Kal 6 XdyKTOS avBis Sifjecrap k Tw dp^iOeaTpm Slo, nda-rjs KoXdcreas, dis prjSev oXccs npc 30 TrenovdoTes, pdXXov Se ws Sta ivXei6va>v rjSr) KXijpa) eK^e^iaKOTes Tbv dvTiiraXov ^ Kal nepl tov crTedidvov avTO Tbv dymva e^ovTes, vne^epov irdXiv Tas Ste^oSovs tw paa-Tiycou Tas kKeia-e elOiapevas, Kal tovs dnb Tav 6r]piai H.E.V.I.] Early Christian Writers. 67 worn out by old age and disease, his life was preserved that Christ might triumph in it. When he was brought by the soldiers to the tribunal, accompanied by the civil magistrates and a multitude who shouted against him in every manner as if he were Christ himself, he bore noble 5 witness. Being asked by the governor, Who was the God of the Christians, he replied, ' If thou art worthy, thou shall know.' Then he was dragged away harshly, and received blows of every kind. Those near him struck him with their hands and feet, regardless of his age ; and those 10 at a distance hurled at him whatever they could seize ; all of them thinking that they would be guilty of great wickedness and impiety if any possible abuse were omitted. For thus they thought to avenge their own deities. Scarcely able to breathe, he was cast into prison and died 15 after two days. . . . After these things, finally, their martyrdoms were divided into every form. For plaiting a crown of various colours and of all kinds of flowers, they presented it to the Father. It was proper therefore that the noble 20 athletes, having endured a manifold strife, and conquered grandly, should receive the crown, great and incorruptible. Maturus, therefore, and Sanctus and Blandina, and Attains were led to the amphitheatre to be exposed to the wild beasts, and to give to the heathen public a spectacle 25 of cruelty, a day for fighting with wild beasts being specially appointed on account of our people. Both Maturus and Sanctus passed again through every torment in the amphitheatre, as if they had suffered nothing before, or rather, as if, having already conquered their antagonist 30 in many contests, they were now striving for the crown itself. They endured again the customary running of the gauntlet and the violence of the wild beasts, and every- F 3 68 Selections from [Eusewus i\Kr]6/iovs, Kal ndfO' oara fiaivoiiivos 6 Sfj/ios dXXoi dWa\66ev kTve^ocov Kal eTreKeXevovTO, enl naai rfjy cnSrjpdv, k<^ fjs Tr]yavi(6iJ.iva to. cra>fJ.aTa KftcrcrrjS aiiTOVS evevi Kal rots e^coOev ocpOaX/jioii Sid rfjs dSeX^fjs TOV inrep avTcov ' EcrTavpcajikvov, iva neiarj tovs muTivovTas eis avrov^ on nds 6 iinep Trjs XpiaTov So^rjs naOcbv T^u Koivwviav del e^ei (leTd tov ^mvTos Oeov. JO Kal fj,T]S€vos drjrafievov Tore twv Brjpicov avTrjs, KaOaipe- 6eiaa dwo tov ^vXov, dveXfj- /jLoios kcTTLv, iKiKiva-ev uvTov dvaXr)(f)6f)vaL fiera Kal t&v 5 XomSiv rmv kv Tjj tlpKTrj ovToav, nept a>v eTrecrrejAe t£ Kaia-api, Kai irepikiieve rfjv ccTrocpaa-iv T7]v an kKuvov. 'O Se Sia/j-icrov Kaipos ovk dpybs avroTs ovSe ccKapnos kyii/ero, dWa Sia rfjs VTrofiovfjs avrwv to dn.iTpy\Tov eXeos dvecpaiveTO Xpiarov. Sicc yhp t5)V ^diVTCov k^coo- lo noLovvTO TO, viKpd, Kol fidpTvpis ToTs fif] jidpTvaiv k-^api- ^ovTO. Kal kveyipero noXXri xapa rfj TrapOkvm firjTpi, ods wi viKpovi k^erpaxre, tovtovs ^Sivras dTroXafi^avova-r], Si kKeivcov yap ol nXeiovs t5>v rjpvrjfiepcov dve/ierpovvTO Kal dviKvicTKOvTO Kal dve^convpovvTo, Kal kjidvQavov IS opoXoyilv, Kal ^wvrei T]Sr] Kal TeTovoop-epoi irpoa^eaav T(o p-qpaTi, kyyXvKatvovTos tov tov fikv Bdvarov tov djxapTcoXov p.rj ^ovXoftkvov, knl Se ttjv fUTavoLav XP'T''' Tevofiivov ©eov, 'iva Kal ttoXlv kntpcarrjOStcnv vno tov rjyf/ioyo^, kmcTTtCXavTO^ yap tov Kaiaapos Toiis fuv 23 dnoTVfiwavio-Orjvai^ et Se TivfS dpvoivTO, tovtovs dwo- XvOrjvai, TTJs kv6dSe navrjyvpecos, (ecrri Se aiiTrf ttoXv- dvOpcoTTos eK vdvTcoy k6vS>v (rvvepyofievwv els avTrjv\ dpxo/iki'rjs ovvea-TavaL, dvffyev knl to fifjp.a 6eaTpi(a)v Tovs /xaKapiovs, Kal kfiTroixiTevcop tols o)(Xois. Sio Kal 25 irdXiv dvriTa^e^ Kal oaoi pkv kSoKovv noXiTeiav 'Pco/taiW ecrxrjKevat, tovtchv dneTefive tols Ke^aXds, tovs Se Xonrotis eTrejxnev eh Brjpia. ESo^d^eTO Se jxeydXdDS 6 XpiaTos kwl toIs vpoTepov api/rjaa/xevois, TOTe irapd ttjv tZv k6vS>v vnovoiav 30 ofioXoyova-i. Kal yap iSia oStol dvrjTd^ovTO, cay Sfidev aTToXv6r](T6p.evoi. Kal opoXoyovvTes npoa-eTtdevTO r5 Tcov fiapTvpoov KXripm- epeivav Se e^co, 01 /irjSe ixvos nanroTe nicrTecos, prjSe a'la-Orjcriy kvSv{iaTOS vvjidnKov, H.E.V.I.] Early Christian Writers. 71 amphitheatre, a tablet being carried before him on which was written in the Roman language 'This is Attalus the Christian,' and the people were filled with indignation against him. But when the governor learned that he was a Roman, he commanded him to be taken back with the 5 rest of those who were in prison concerning whom he had written to Caesar, and whose answer he was awaiting. But the intervening time was not wasted nor fruitless to them ; for by their patience the measureless compassion of Christ was manifested. For through their continued 10 life the dead were made alive, and the witnesses showed favour to those who had failed to witness. And the virgin mother had much joy in receiving alive those whom she had brought forth as dead. For through their influence many who had denied were restored, and re- 15 begotten, and rekindled with life, and learned to confess. And being made alive and strengthened, they went to the judgement-seat to be again interrogated by the governor ; God, who desires not the death of a sinner, but mercifully invites to repentance, treating them with kindness. For 20 Caesar commanded that they should be put to death, but that any who might deny should be set free. Therefore, at the beginning of the public festival which took place there, and which was attended by crowds of men from all nations, the governor brought the blessed ones to the 25 judgement-seat, to make of them a show and spectacle for the multitude. Wherefore also he examined them again, and beheaded those who appeared to possess Roman citizenship, but he sent the others to the wild beasts. And Christ was glorified greatly in those who had 3° formerly denied him, for, contrary to the expectation of the heathen, they confessed. For they were examined by themselves, as about to be set free ; but confessing, they were added to the order of the witnesses. But some continued without, who had never possessed a trace of 35 faith, nor any apprehension of the wedding-garment, nor 72 Selections from [Ensebius Hr)S€ tvvoiav ^o^ov Geov a)(6vTi^, dXXa Koi Sia rrJ9 dyaarTpo^rjs avrSiv p\acr(pT][iovi'T€S rfjv oSov, Tovrea-Tiv 01 viol TTjs aTTCoXeias. oi Se XolitoI irdvTi^ rfj eKKXrjcria irpoa-iTidrja-av S)v Koi dvera^ofiivonv^ AXe^avSpos tls, 5 ^pti^ n\v TO yivos, iarpos Se r-qv e7ria-Tr]fir]v, ■ij-oXXois iTea-iv kv rais FaXXiais Siarpi-^as, Kal yvcoa-Tos a-)(€Sbi' irda-L Sia ttjv npos rov ©eov dydmjy Kal napprjaiav Tov Xoyov (^u yap /cat ovk dfioipos dirodToXiKov Xapia-ixaros), Trapeorcby t<3 ^-jfiari, Kal yev/iaTi Trporpe- 10 naiv avTovs npos rfjv dp-oXoyiav, ^avepos rjv roTs irepi- ea-TTjKoa-L ro ^^fia wanep wSivcov. dyavaKT-qa-avTev Se 01 o)(Xoi enl tcS tovs nporepov rjpvrjfievovs avOis 6/j.oXo- yelv, Kare^oTjcrav tov ' AXe^dvSpov, ms eKeivov tovto noLovvTos. Kal eniaTrja'avTos tov rjyefiovos Kal dveTa- 15 aavTo^ avTov, oaTis eir], tov Se (prjcravTos otl ' XpiaTtavoi,' ev opyfj yev6[j.evos, KaTeKpivev avTov npos 6r]pia' Kal Trj eiriovar) elcrfjXOe //era Kal tov 'AttuXov. Kal yap Kal TOV "ATTaXov TO o^Xw \api(6fievos 6 riyefiaiv e^eSooKe TrdXiu npbs Brjpia. ot Kal Sia TrdvTwv SieX66vTes tZv ev 20 TO dficpiOeaTpm npbs KoXaaiv e^evprjuevcov opydvcov, Kal fieyicTTOv inrofieivavres dy&va, TovcryaTov eTv6r]a-av Kal avTOL' TOV jxev AXe^dvSpov firJTe crTevd^avTos p.riTe ypv^avTos Ti oXais, dXXa KaTO, KapSiav o/mlXovvtos to) ©eS. 6 Se ATTaXos onoTe eirl Trjs (riSrjpds eireTeOr] 25 KadeSpas Kal irepieKateTO^ rjviKa i] dno tov acofiaTiov Kvicrcra dvecfiepeTO^ ecprj npos to irXrjOos Trj 'PconaLKfj s dvBpmiTos' Em irdcri Se tovtols Trj ha-)(dTr) Xonrbv rj/iepa Totv jiovo- (lay^mv, r) BXavStva irdXiv elaeKOjit^eTO jieTO. Kal JJovtlkov naiSapiov as irevreKaiSeKa eTcov. ot Kal Kadrjfiepav H.E.V.I.] Early Christian Writers. 73 an understanding of the fear of God ; but, as sons of perdition, they blasphemed the Way through their apostasy. But all the others were added to the Church. While these were being examined, a certain Alexander, a Phry- gian by birth, and physician by profession, who had 5 resided in Gaul for many years, and was well known to all on account of his love to God and boldness of speech (for he was not without a share of apostolic grace), standing before the judgement-seat, and by signs encouraging them to confess, appeared to those standing by as if in travail. 10 But the people being enraged because those who formerly denied now confessed, cried out against Alexander as if he were the cause of this. Then the governor summoned him and inquired who he was. And when he answered that he was a Christian, being very angry he condemned 15 him to the wild beasts. And on the next day he entered along with Attalus. For to please the people, the governor had ordered Attalus again to the wild beasts. And they were tortured in the amphitheatre with all the instruments contrived for that purpose, and having endured a very 20 great conflict, were at last sacrificed. Alexander neither groaned nor murmured in any manner, but communed in his heart with God. But when Attalus was placed in the iron seat, and the fumes arose from his burning body, he said to the people in the Roman language : ' Lo ! this 25 which ye do is devouring men ; but we do not devour men ; nor do any other wicked thing.' And being asked, what name God has, he replied, ' God has not a name as man has.' After all these, on the last dfiy of the contests, Blandina 3° was again brought- in, with Ponticus, a boy about fifteen years old. They had been brought every day to witness 74 Selections from [Eusewns eiarjyovTO TTpos to ^Xeiretv ttjv twv XolttSiv KoXacriv, Kai rjvayKa^ovTO ofivvvai Kara tS>v elSaiXcov avrSiv. Kai oia TO kfifitvuv eva-Ta6ws Kai k^ovOivetv avTovs, riypmOi] Trpos avToxJs to wXfjdos, oos fi'qTe ttjv rjXiKiav tov TraiSbs 5 OLKTeipai firfTi to yvvaiov aiSfaOrjuai. npos irdvTa 8e TU SiLvk nape^aXXov airrovs, Kat Sia nda-rjs kv KVKXm Sirjyov KoXda-e nape^Xrjdr]' 20 Kai iKavws dva^Xrjdeicra npos tov ^coov^ firjSe ato'O'qtriv iTi T&v crvp-^aivovTODv 'iyovcra Std ttjv kXniSa Kai kTroy(r)v Tcov neniaTevfikvcov Kai 6p.iXiav npos XpicrTov, kTvOrj Kai avTr\^ Kai avTmu o/ioXoyovvTCov tS)V kBvwv on fitjSe ttco- noTe nap' avTois yvv-q ToiavTa Kai Toaavra 'inadeu. 25 ^XX ovS ovTws Kopov kXdfi^avev ammv tj fiavia Kai Tj npos Tovs ayiovs wfioTrjs. vno yap dypiov drjpos dypta Kai ^dp^apa '^"'^ dXXrjv iSiav dpyr]v knl Tois a-ap.aaiv kXdfi^avev 17 v^pis avT&v. TO yap veuiKfjcrOai avTovs ovk kSvo-d>nei 8ia to 30 /ifj exeif dvBpmnivov kniXoyiafiov, ftaXXoy Se Kai k^eKaev avTcoi> Trjv opyfjv KaOdnep . 6r]piov, Kai tov ijyefiovos Kai tov Srj/iov TO ojioiov els rjfids dSiKcos eni8eiKvviieva>v fiia-os' Iva fj ypa^rj nXrjpeoOfj^ ''O dvofios dvofir]a-dT(o H.E.V.I.] Early Christian Writers. 75 the sufferings of the others, and had been pressed to swear by the idols. But because they remained steadfast and despised them, the multitude became furious, so that they had no compassion for the youth of the boy nor respect for the sex of the woman. Therefore they exposed 5 them to all the terrible sufferings and took them through the entire round of torture, repeatedly urging them to swear, but being unable to effect this ; for Ponticus, encouraged by his sister so that even the heathen could see that she was confirming and strengthening him, having 10 nobly endured every torture, gave up the ghost. But the blessed Blandina, last of all, having, as a noble mother, encouraged her children and sent them before her victorious to the King, endured herself all their conflicts and hastened after them, glad and rejoicing in her departure as if called 15 to a marriage-supper, rather than cast to wild beasts. And, after the scourging, after the wild beasts, after the roasting-seat, she was finally enclosed in a net, and thrown before a bull. And having been tossed about by the animal, but feeling none of the things which 20 were happening to her, on account of her hope and firm hold upon what had been entrusted to her, and her communion with Christ, she also was sacrificed. And the heathen themselves confessed that never among them had a woman endured so many and such terrible tortures. 25 But not even thus was their madness and cruelty toward the saints satisfied. For, incited by the Wild Beast, wild and barbarous tribes were not easily appeased, and their violence found another peculiar opportunity in the dead bodies. For, through their lack of manly reason, the fact 3° that they had been conquered did not put them to shame, but rather the more enkindled their wrath as that of a wild beast, and aroused alike the hatred of governor and people to treat us unjustly ; that the Scripture might be fulfilled : ' He that is lawless, let him be lawless still, 35 76 Selections from [Eusebius £T£, KoX SiKaw SiKaimS-nTO) 'in.' koi yap rovs h- airoTTViyivTas kv rfj dpKTrj irapejSaXXoi' Kvaif, enifieXm ■7rapa(pv\da-a-ovTe9 vvKrcop Kal fifOrjuipap, /J.fj KrjSevOfj tis v(p' Tjficoy. Kal TOTe Sfj TTpodevTes to. re rwu 6r]picov, to. 6 Te Tov nvpos Xtii^ava, irrj /lev ea-rrapay/ieva^ tttj Se TjvdpaKevfieva, Kal tS>v XoiirSiv ray KecpaXai crtiv tois dnoTpriixacnv aiiTZv ixravTms drd^ovs napeipvXaTTOv fieTO. aTpaTicoTLKrjs ivip-eXeias rjjjiepais av^vaTs. Kal ol fikv ivePpt/imvTO Kal e^pv^ov tovs oSovras ttr' avToTs, ^rj- 10 Tovvris Tiva nepiacroTepav eKSiKrjaiv Trap avTwv XafSeiv' ol Se eveyeXcov Kal kireTcoOa^ov, [leyaXvvovTe^ djia to. iiScoXa aiiTZv, Kal eKeivois npocrdnTovTes Trjv tovtcov Tip.copiai'. ol Be eTrieiKecrTepoi^ Kal Kara noaov avp.- naOeiv Sokovvt€S, mvuSi^ov noXv Xiyovres, ' Uov 6 ©ehs 15 avTmv, Kal ti avTovs wvrjcrev rj OprjcrKfia^ fjv Kai wpo Trjs iavToiv eiXouTO '^jrv^fj^ ', ' Kal rd fikv an eKiivooy roiav- TTjv ii-^e rr}v TTOiKiXiav^ TO, 8\ KaO rj/xas tv /leydXa) KadeiaTJ]K€i irevOei^ Sid to /ifj Swaadai rd crdo/iaTa Kpvyjrai rfj yfj, ovre yap vii^ crvve^aXXeTO rjfuv npos 20 rovTO, ovre dpyvpia 'ineiOev^ ovre XiTaveia kSvawTrn^ navrl Se Tponm irapeTrjpovv, coy fieya ti KepSavovuns d jir) riJ^QLev rafpTJs. lud. v. 1. XXII. Fragmentum Muratorianitm. quibus tamen interfuit et ita posuit tertio euangelii librum secundo lucan 25 lucas iste medicus post ascensum XPi cum eo paulus quasi ut iuris studiosum secundum adsumsisset numeni suo 5 ex opinione conscribset drim tamen nee ipse uidit in came et ide prout asequi potuit 30 ita et ad natiuitate iohannis incipet dicere H.E.V.I.] Early Christian Writers. 77 and he that is righteous, let him be righteous still.' For they cast to the dogs those who had died of suffocation in the prison, carefully guarding them by night and day, lest any one should be buried by us. And they exposed the remains left by the wild beasts and by fire, mangled and s charred, and placed the heads of the others by their bodies, and guarded them in like manner from burial bj' a watch of soldiers for many days. And some raged and gnashed their teeth against them, desiring to execute more severe vengeance upon them ; but others laughed and 10 mocked at them, magnifying their own idols, and imputed to them the punishment of the Christians. Even the more reasonable, and those who had seemed to sympathize somewhat, reproached them often, saying, 'Where is their God, and what has their religion, which they have chosen 15 rather than life, profited them?' So various was their conduct toward us ; but we were in deep affliction because we could not bury the bodies. For neither did night avail us for this purpose, nor did money persuade, nor entreaty move to compassion ; but they kept watch in every way, as 20 if the prevention of the burial would be of some great advantage to them. N. L. Fragment of Muratori on the Canon. .... but at some he was present, and so he set them down. The third book of the Gospel, that according to Luke, 25 was compiled in his own name in order by Luke the physician, when after Christ's ascension Paul had taken him to be with him like a student of law. Yet neither did he see the Lord in the flesh ; and he too, as he was able to ascertain [events, so set them down] ". So he 30 began his story from the birth of John. ' 1. 8 ita 4- posuit iia e coni. Lightfoot. 78 Selections from [Muratod quart! euangeliorum iohannis ex decipolis cohortantibus condescipulis et eps suis 10 dixit conieiunate mihi odie triduo et quid cuique fuerit reuelatum alterutrum 5 nobis ennarremus eadem nocte reue latum andreae ex apostolis ut recognis centibus cuntis iohannis suo nomine 15 cuncta discriberet et ideo licit uaria sin culis euangeliorum libris principia 10 doceantur nihil tamen difFert creden tium fidei cum uno ac principal! spu de clarata sint in omnibus omnia de natiui 20 tate de passione de resurrectione de conuersatione cum decipulis suis 15 ac de gemino eius aduentu primo in humilitate dispectus quod fo it secundum potestate regali . . . pre 25 clarum quod foturum est quid ergo mirum si iohannes tam constanter 20 sincula etia in epistulis suis proferam dicens in semeipsu quae uidimus oculis nostris et auribus audiuimus et manus 30 nostrae palpauerunt haec scripsimus nobis sic enim non solum uisurem sed et auditorem 25 sed et scriptore omnium mirabiliu dni per ordi nem profetetur acta aute omniii apostolorum sub uno libro scribta sunt lucas obtime theofi 35 le comprindit quia sub praesentia eius sincula gerebantur sicuti et semote passione petri 30 euidenter declarat sed et profectione pauli ab ur be ad spania proficiscentis epistulae autem pauli quae a quo loco uel qua ex causa directe 40 sint uolentibus intellegere ipse declarant primu omnium corintheis scysmae heresis in 35 terdicens deinceps b callaetis circumcisione onthe Canon.] Euvfy Christian Writers. 79 The fourth of the Gospels [was written by] John, one of the disciples. When exhorted by his fellow-disciples and bishops, he said, ' Fast with me this day for three days ; and what may be revealed to any of us, let us relate it to one another.' The same night it was revealed 5 to Andrew, one of the apostles, that John was to write all things in his own name, and they were all to certify. And therefore, though various elements are taught in the several books of the Gospels, yet it makes no difference to the faith of believers, since by one guiding Spirit all 10 things are declared in all of them concerning the Nativity, the Passion, the Resurrection, the conversation with his disciples and his two comings, the first in lowliness and contempt, which has come to pass, the second glorious with royal power, which is to come. 15 What marvel therefore if John so firmly sets forth each statement in his Epistle too, saying of himself, ' What we have seen with our eyes and heard with our ears and our hands have handled, these things we have written to you ' ? For so he declares himself not an eyewitness and a hearer 20 only, but a writer of all the marvels of the Lord in order. The Acts however of all the Apostles are written in one book. Luke puts it shortly to the most excellent Theophilus, that the several things were done in his own presence, as he also plainly shows by leaving out the 25 passion of Peter, and also the departure of Paul from town on his journey to Spain. The Epistles however of Paul themselves make plain to those who wish to understand it, what epistles were sent by him, and from what place and for what cause. 30 He wrote at some length first of all to the Corinthians, forbidding schisms and heresies ; next to the Galatians, 8o Selections from [Muratod romanis aute ordine scripturarum sed et principium earum . . . esse XPm intimans 45 prolexius scripsit de quibus sincolis neces se est ad nobis desputari cum ipse beatus 5 apostolus paulus sequens prodecessoris sui iohannis ordinS non nisi nomenati sempte ecclesiis scribat ordine tali a corenthios 50 prima ad efesius seconda ad philippinses ter tia ad colosensis quarta ad calatas quin 10 ta ad tensaolenecinsis sexta ad romanos septima uerum corintheis et thesaolecen sibus licet pro correbtione iteretur una 55 tamen per omnem orbem terrae ecclesia deffusa esse denoscitur et iohannis eni in a 15 pocalebsy licet septe eccleseis scribat tamen omnibus dicit verii ad filemonem una et at titu una et ad tymotheCl duas pro affec 60 to et dilectione in honore tamen eclesiae ca tholice in ordinatione eclesiastice 20 discepline scificate sunt fertur etiam ad laudecenses alia ad alexandrines pauli no mine fincte ad heresem marcionis et alia plu 65 ra quae in catholicam eclesiam recepi non potest fel enim cum melle misceri non con 25 cruit epistola sane iude et superscrictio iohannis duas in catholica habentur et sapi entia ab amicis salomonis in honore ipsius 7c scripta apocalapse etiam iohanis et pe tri tantum recipimus quam quidam ex nos 30 tris legi in eclesia nolunt pastorem uero nuperrim e temporibus nostris in urbe roma herma conscripsit sedente cathe 7i tra urbis romae aecclesiae pio eps fratre oaxh&ca.tio^.'] Early Christian IVriters. 81 forbidding circumcision ; then to the Romans, impressing on them the plan of the Scriptures, and also that Christ is the first principle of them, concerning which severally it is [not] necessary for us to discuss, since the blessed Apostle Paul himself, following the order of his predecessor 5 John, writes only by name to seven churches in the fol- lowing order — to the Corinthians a first, to the Ephesians a second, to the Philippians a third, to the Colossians a fourth, to the Galatians a fifth, to the Thessalonians a sixth, to the Romans a seventh ; whereas, although for 10 the sake of admonition there is a second to the Corinthians and to the Thessalonians, yet one Church is recognized as being spread over the entire world. For John too in the Apocalypse, though he writes to seven churches, yet speaks to all. Howbeit to Philemon one, to Titus one, 15 and to Timothy two were put in writing from personal inclination and attachment, to be in honour however with the Catholic Church for the ordering of the ecclesiastical mode of life. There is current also one to the Laodicenes, another to the Alexandrians, [both] forged in Paul's name 20 to suit the heresy of Marcion, and several others, which cannot be received into the Catholic Church ; for it is not fitting that gall be mixed with honey. The Epistle of Jude no doubt, and the couple bearing the name of John, are accepted in the Catholic [Church] ; 25 and the Wisdom written by the friends of Solomon in his honour. The Apocalypse also of John, and of Peter [one Epistle, which] only we receive ; [there is also a second] ^ which some of our friends will not have read in the Church. But the Shepherd was written quite lately in 30 our times by Hermas, while his brother Pius, the bishop, was sitting in the chair of the church of the city of Rome ; ' 1. 72 as restored in Greek by Zahn : ntVpou [liriffToA^ /9, Kal rfjs yfrrjcliov ■ nepl TOV ' AvTiy^piarov npocrrjyopias ovtoo SiaXaji^dvef 25 TovTcov Se ovtcos k-)(6vT(ov, Kal kv ndcri Se Toh crv Saiois Kal dp^aiois dvriypdcpois tov dpiQfJLOV tov Keijxevov, Kal fiaprvpovvTcov avrwv eKeivcov tS>v kut' 6' TOV 'Iwdvvrjv ecopaKOTwv, Kal tov Xoyov SiSda-KovTos 17, oTi 6 dpiOfios TOV ovofiaTos tov 6-qpiov Kara ttjv ■ 30 EXXijvoov ■^fjv irapaTiOeTai. en Kal Iovo-tivov tov pdp Tvpo9 Kal 'lyvaTLOv pvrjpr}v TrenoirjTai^ papTvpiaiv av6i: Kal dnb tS>v tovtols ypa^evTcov Kf)(^pr]pevos. enrjyyeXTa Se 6 avTos eK twv MapKiwvos ovyypappaTcov di/TiXe^ei] avT a-TrovSda-paTi. EuSEBius, ffist. Eccles. t. 8. XXIV. 25 "ETepoi Se Kal avTol aipeTiKWTepoi ttju (fivaLv, ^pvye TO yevos, npoXijcpOevTes viro yvvaicov ■qnaTqvTaL^ Hpia KiXXrjs Tivos Kal Ma^ifLiXXrjs KaXovpevwv, ds TrpocprJTiSa vo/ii^ova-LV^ ky TavTais to irapaKX-qTOv irvevpa KeympriKeva XeyoyTes, Kai Tiva Trpb avTwp MovTafof opoicos So^d(ov(n 30 tt)S ■iTpoTiTriv, mv ^i^Xovs dneipovs e-^ovTes rrXavdivTa H.E.V.8.] Early Christian Writers. 85 name of Antichrist. For if it were necessary that his name should be declared clearly at the present time, it would have been announced by him who saw the revelation. For it was seen, not long ago, but almost in our generation, toward the end of the reign of Domitian.* 5 He states these things concerning the Apocalypse in the work referred to. He also mentions the first Epistle of ' John, taking many proofs from it, and likewise the first Epistle of Peter. And he not only knows, but also receives, the Shepherd, writing as follows : — 10 'Well did the Scripture speak, sa3dng, "First of all believe that God is one, who has created and completed all things," ' &c. And he uses almost the precise words of the Wisdom of Solomon, saying, 'the vision of God produces immor- 15 tality, but immortality renders us near to God.' He mentions also the memoirs of a certain apostolic presbyter, whose name he passes by in silence, and gives his exposi- tions of the sacred Scriptures. And he refers to Justin the Martyr, and to Ignatius, using testimony also from 20 their writings. Moreover, he promises to refute Marcion from his own writings, in a special work. N. L. Montanism. But there are others who are themselves in nature more heretical [than the Quartodecimans], These are Phry- gians by birth, and have been deceived through having 35 been overcome by womenkind, called a certain Priscilla and Maximilla, whom they hold for prophetesses, saying that the Comforter Spirit dwelt in them ; and they like- wise glorify one Montanus before them as a prophet. So having endless books of these people they go astray, 30 86 Selections from [Hippoiytus /i?7T6 TOL in' avToiv XeXaXrjfieva. X6ya> Kptvavm, fi'qTf ToTs KpTvai Swa/xivoLS irpoa-ey^ovres, dXX' aKpirms rrj npbs aiiTovs iria-rei irpoa-cpepovrai, nXeUv ti Si' avTcov (pda-Kovres [my] fiefiaOriKevai ^ eK vofiov Kal 5rpoi^7;™i/ Kal twv 5 ivayyeXicov. iiwep Se diroaToXovs Kal irav ydpiafia ravra to. yvvaia So^d^ovaiv, ms ToXfidv irXeTov Ti XpLo-- Tov kv TOVTOis Xeyeiv Tivds avToav yiyovtvai. oOtoi Tov jikv iraTepa Tmv oXcov 0fbv Kal irdvTcov KTiaTr^v o/jioicos rrj eKKXtjo-ia dfioXoyovai Kal ocra to evayykXiov irepl tov lo XpitTTOv jxapTvpil, Kaivi^ova-L Se vrja-Teias Kal eoprAy Kal ^rjpocpayias Kal pa/ir]S' TavTa to, SoyfiaTa dav/icpmvd ea-TL TTJ eKKXr]aia^ eh Trjv fieyiaTrjv dae^eiav nepi^dX- XovTa Toijs TTeiOo/xevovs aiiToii' TavTa to. SoyfiaTa oiiSk 01 e^O) Trjs eKKXtjaias alpeTiKol kToXfirjcrav diro^jjvacrdai 20 TTore" TavTa to, SoyfiaTa 01 irpo rjfLoiv wpecr^vTepoi, 01 Kal TOis dirocTToXoii avfjLs rerijpijicos, «*« rowr Turi, vovOfT&v oAto^s koI irporpeirificvos, SvvaTOi tpavepmSijvai. EussBius, £Kst. £«&!'. v. ao, XXVI. Hpeis oSv dpaSio^pyrjTov dyo/tev t^v if/tipa», /«^t6 TrpotrriOivTes, /«i^Te diftaipo^uittvoi. Kal y&p ^ ^pxeTat peri 56|»;j e| odpav&v, Kal dvaar^vu irdvTas Toi>s Ay&wy, ^(Ximrov T&v SmSsKa dirwrrSXtov, 8s K^Kot/i^Tai iv 'lepa- JT^Xet, icat &U0 Gvyardpes airoO yeyi)paKvTai vapBivov 30 Kal if iTfpa awrow Qvydrrip iv ^Ayt

dvaTraveraf eri Se Kot 'Icodvvrjs 6 knl TO (TTfj6oi Tov Kvpiov dvairea-cov, 8y iyevijdrj kpei/s TO TTiTaXoV ir€(pOp€KSs, Kul [idpTVS KOI SlSdaKaXoS' OVTO? ku 'E^ia-m KiKoifJ,r]Tac. stl Se Kat UoXvKapTros kv 5 S/ivpvT] Kal kiTia-KOTTOs Kal p.dpTVS' Kal Opaakas Kal eTria-KOTTOS Kal /j.dpTvs dnb Evjieyias, o? kv ^fivpvrj KiKoi- firjTai. TL Si Set Xkyeiv Sdyapiv knia-Kowov Kal /idpTupa, §y kv AaoSiKiia KiKoiiirjTai ; iTi Se Kal Uaireipiov tov p-aKapiov, Kal MeXiTWva tov evvov)(ov, tov kv Aytco ^° Uvev/jLaTi TrdvTa TroXiTevadfievoV 8y KeiTai kv SdpSecri TTept/jLevccv Tr]v diro tS>v ovpavmv kTricTKon^v, kv fj kK veKpcov dvaa-TTJaeTai. ovtol ndvTes kTi^prjaav ttjv rifie- pav Trjs Tecra-apea-KaLSeKaTrjs tov Ilda-)(a KaTO. to eiiay- ykXtoVj firjSev TrapeKJSaivovTes, dXXa KaTO, tov Kavova Trjs 15 TTia-Tecos dKoXovdovvre?. en Se Kaya 6 /iiKpoTepos ndv- T Se oySoos' Kal irdvroTe ttjv ■qfiepav rjyayov oi avyyeveis /lov, OTav 6 Xaos rjpvve ttjv 20 ^vfj.r]v' kyo) ovv, dSeXcpoi, k^rJKOvTa nevre eTt] eycmv kv KvpLCp^ Kal av/i^e^XriKODS ToTs aTTo Trjs olKovfievrjS dSeX(poTs, Kal irda-av dyiav ypa(^r\v 8ieXr]Xv6d>s, ov tttv- pofiai knl Tols KaTaivXr}(Taop.evois. oi yap kfiov fiei^oves elpiJKaa-t, ' weiOapye'iv Sel &eSi /xdXXov rj dvOpdnrois! Ibid. V. 24. XXVII. 25 KepScov Se tis dno tcov nepl tov XifKova tols dcpop/i&s Xa^aiv Kal kinSr]fj.rja-as kv Trj 'Pdo/J.]] knl 'Tyivov, evvaTOv KXfjpov Trjs knLCTKoniKrjs SLaSo)(rjs dnb tS>v duoa-ToXoov e^ovTos, kSiSa^e tov vtto tov vofiov Kal 7rpov dnoa-ToXoiv ttjv iincrKOwfji/ KXrjpovTai KXJj/irjS^ 6 Kal 30 iapaKcbs Tovs /laKapiovs dnocrToXovs Kal o-f/ijSejSXijKO)? avTois, Kal ert ivavXov to Kr]pvyp.a tS>v dnoa-ToXeov Kal TTjv TrapdSocriv Trpo o^OaXfiaii' fX^'^y °v /xovos' en yap Adv. Haer. ■.1U.3.] Early Christian Writers. 95 bishops in the Churches, and the series of their successors to our own time, who neither taught nor knew anything resembling these men's dotage. For if the Apostles had known hidden mysteries which they used to teach the perfect apart from and without the knowledge of the rest, 5 they would deliver them to those especially to whom they were also committing the Churches themselves. For they desired them to be very perfect and blameless in all things, whom they were also leaving as their successors, delivering over to them their own proper seat of govern- 10 ment ; for if these should act rightly, great advantage would result, but if they fell away, the most disastrous calamity. But since it would be very long in such a volume as this to count up the series of bishops in all the Churches, we confound all those who in any way, whether through 15 self-pleasing or vain glory, or through blindness and evil opinion meet for worship otherwise than they ought — by pointing out the tradition (which it has from the Apostles) of the most great and ancient and universally-known Church, founded and established at Rome by the two most 20 glorious Apostles Peter and Paul ; and also the faith de- clared to men, which comes down to our own time through the successions of bishops. For with • this Church, on account of its more powerful lead, every Church, meaning the faithful who are from everywhere, must needs agree ; 25 since in it that tradition which is from the Apostles has been preserved by those who are from everjTvhere. The blessed Apostles having founded and established the Church, entrusted the office of the .episcopate to Linus. Paul speaks of this Linus in his Epistles to Timothy. 30 Anencletus succeeded him, and after Anencletus, in the third place from the Apostles, Clement received the epis- copate. He had seen and conversed with the blessed Apostles, and their preaching was still sounding in his ears, and their tradition was still before his eyes. Nor 36 96 Selections from [Irenaens TToXXot inreXuTTOvTO Tore dno twv airoo'ToXodv SeSiSaynkvoi. knl TOVTOV ovv rov KXrj/j.euTOS crrdaews ovk oXiyrjs roty ej/ KopLv6(p yevojikvr]^ dSeXipois, eneareiXev 77 ev Pcofirj kKKXr^ata iKav(OTa.rr]v ypa(f)r)v roTs KopivOiois, ecs eiprjvrjv 5 crvn^i^d^ova-a avrovs, Kal dvaveovaa rfjv ttlo-tlv avT&v^ Kal ^v vidXTTi dno tZv diTOCTToXoov TrapdSoaiv eiXrjcpfi, Tov 8i KXTJ/ierTa tovtov SiaSe)(^eTai Eiidpeorros' Kal rov Ei/dpecrTov AXe^avSpos' eiO ovtcos eKTOs dirb rmv dnoaToXwv KaOia-raTai avcrros. fierd Se tovtov TeXeo-- 10 (popos^ oy Kal evSo^cas ifiapTvprjaev' 'iireiTa Tyivos, fira nios' fieO' Of 'AinKr]TOS. SiaSe^afifvov rov 'Avlktjtov SoiTTJpos, vvv ScoSeKdro) rdnco rov rrj^ eirtcTKOTrrjs dwo Toov aTTOdroXwv Kare^ei KXfjpov 'EXevdepos. rfj avrfj rd^ei^ Kal rfj avrfj SiSayrj \SLaSo^rj\ fj re dnb raiv diro- 15 crroXcov kv rfj kKKXrjcrioi, wapaSocns Kal rb rfjs dXrjOdas KTJpvyna KarrjvrrjKev eh rj/J.as. Kal IIoXvKapTros Se oii (jlovov imb dnocrroXcov fiadrjTev- 6et9, Kal avvavacrrpatpeh iroXXoh roh rbv Xpia-rbv ea>- paKoaiv^ dXXd Kal virb dnoaroXcov KaraaraOels eZy rtjv 20 Aa-iav^ ev rfj ev ^fivpvr) eKKXrja-iaj eiTi(TKOTTOS^ ov Kal T]/j.eis ewpdKafiev ev rfj npcorr) tj/iS>v ■qXiKia' {ennroXv yap napefieive, Kal ndvv yrjpaXeos, evSo^coi Kal eTncpavearara fiaprvpria-as, k^rjXQe rov Piov\ ravra SiSd^as del, k Kai rrapa raiv aTTOcrroXcov efia6ev, ct Kal 17 eKKXrjcria 25 TTapaStSeocnv, St, Kal fiova eartv dXr]6rj. fiaprvpovcri rovTOis at Kara rrjv Aaiav eKKXrjcriai nda-ai^ Kal ol lie-)(^pL vvv SiaSeSeyfievoL rbv JJoXvKapnov^ voXXZ d^io- ma-rorepov Kal jSe^aiorepov dXrjOeias fidprvpa ovra OvaXevrivov Kal MapKmvos, Kal rwv Xolttcov KaKoyvcc- 30 p-ovcov. ts Kal e-rrl 'AviK-qrov eTnSrjprjcras rfj 'Pd>nrj^ TToXXovs dnb r5>v npoeipr)p.evwv alperiKwv eniarpe-^ev els rfjv eKKXrjo-iav rov @eov, piav Kal [lovqv ravrrjv dXrjQeiav Krjpv^as vnb rStv dnoa-roXmv napeiXijcpevai, rfjv vnb rfjs Adv.Haer.iu. 3-] Eavly Christian Writers. 97 was he alone in this, for many who had been taught by the Apostles yet survived. In the times of Clement, a serious dissension having arisen among the brethren in Corinth, the Church of Rome sent a most suitable letter to the Corinthians, reconciling them in peace, renewing their 5 faith, and proclaiming the doctrine lately received from the Apostles. Evarestus succeeded Clement, and Alexander Evarestus. Then Xystus, the sixth from the Apostles, was appointed. After him Telesphorus, who suffered martyrdom gloriously; 10 then Hyginus ; then Pius ; and after him Anicetus ; Soter succeeded Anicetus ; and now, in the twelfth place from the Apostles, Eleutherus holds the ofBce of bishop. In the same order and succession the tradition in the Church and the preaching of the truth has descended from the 15 Apostles unto us. But Polycarp also was not only instructed by Apostles, and acquainted with many that had seen Christ, but was also appointed by Apostles in Asia bishop of the Church of Smyrna. We too saw him in our early youth ; for 20 he lived a long time, and died, when a very old man, a glorious and most illustrious martyr's death, having always taught the things which he had learned from the Apostles, which the Church also hands down, and which alone are true. To these things all the Asiatic Churches 25 testify, as do also those who, down to the present time, have succeeded Polycarp, who was a much more trust- worthy and certain witness of the truth than Valentinus and Marcion and the rest of the evil-minded. He was also in Rome in the time of Anicetus and caused many to turn 30 away from the above-mentioned heretics to the Church of God, proclaiming that he had received from the Apostles this one and only system of truth which has been trans- 98 Selections from [Irenaeus eKKXtjo-ias TrapaSeSojiev-qv. Kal ela-ly 01 dKrjKooTfS avTov, on ^Imdvvrjs, 6 rod Kvptov fiaOrjrrjs, kv rfj Ecfiea-m nopevdeh Xovaaadai, Kal iScov ea-a> Krjpivdoy, (^■^Xaro Tov PaXaviiov /irj Xovcrdfievos, dXX' kireinav ^vyco/jiiv, 5 /jiri Kal TO ^aXavelov avfiirev ivapaya.pav ol pev els Tovs ovpavods dvaXriiXo(ro^ia^ vvvl Se XPV' ai/ir) Trpbs deocre^etav ytVerat, wponaiSeia Tis oScra tois TTjv nia-Tiv Si aTToSei^ews Kapwov/ieyois, oti ' 6 irovs 10 aov (fttja-ii' ' ov p.^ irpocrKoyfrr]^' enl rfjv Trpovoiav to. KaXSi, dva^ipovTOS, kdv re 'EXXriviKo. rj kdv Te ripeTepa. TrdvTonv fiey yap aiTios twu koXZu 6 Qios, dXXa t&v pev KaTh npo-qyovpevov d>s T^y re Sia6r]Kr]S rijy naXaias Kal Trjs vkas, tSiv Se kut kiraKoXovOrjpa m Tr\s ^iXoa-ocpta?. 15 rax* ^e fa* vpoTjyov/iiyas toTs" EXXrja-tv kSodrj tots irplv fj TOV Kvpiov KaXia-ai Kal roiis "EXXrjvas" knaiSaymyH yap Kal avrf) to 'EXXtjvikov as 6 vopos Toi/s 'E^paiov? els XpKTTov. npowapacTKevd^ei Toivvv fj ^iXo TO yivSxj-Kov t5 yivaxTKOjikva napiarrjcnv. Kal 10 Ta;^a o tolovtos iv6evSe rjSrj npoKa^av €)(ei to ladyyeXos ilvai. (leTh, yovv ttjv kv aapKl TfXevTaiaf inrepo^fjv del KaTO. TO trpoa-fJKov enl to KpeiTTOf (leTa^dWcov eis TTif iraTptfav aiiXfjv enl Tfjv KvpiaKrjv ovtcos Slo. ttjs dyias i^SofidSos eneiyeTai iiovrjv, eao/ieyos, toy ebrelv^ (f)S>s ea-Tos 15 Kal fievov dl'Sicos, wdvTr] ivdvTa>s aTpetTTOv, Ibid. vii. 10, p. 865. XXXIII. Kdv ToXfi'qaaxTi irpo^rjTiKaTs ^prfCTaaOai ypa(f>ais Kal ol Tas aipeaeis /leTiovTes npayrov jiev 011 irdcrais, eneiTa oil TeXeCais ovSe coy rb crSafia Kal to vcfyos Trjs npocprjTeias inrayopevei, dXX' eKXeyo/xevoi to. afx^i^oXais eip-qfieva eis 10 Tas iSias neTayovcn So^as, oXiyas anopdSriv dnav6i^6- HevoL (pcovds, ov to a'rjfiaLvo/ievoi' air ainav aKonovvTes, dXX avTrj y^iXfj d7ro)(pd)fj.evoi TJj Xe^ei. a-)^eSov yap ev irdo-iv CIS TTpocrtpepovTai prjTois evpois Siv avTOvs coy toTs oyojxacri fiovois irpoaaveyova-i to. (rrniaivofieva iiwaXXdr- 25 TOVTes, ov6 a)s XeyovTai yivaicrKovTes ov6' ws ^X*"' ne^vKaai xp^t^^foi, ah Kal Sr) Kojxi^ovcriv eKXoyais. Ibid. vii. 16, p. 891. Strom, vii. 10.] Early Christian IVriters. 103 Faith and Knowledge. Faith is then, so to speak, a compendious knowledge of the essentials ; and knowledge is the strong and sure demonstration of what is received by faith, built upon faith by the Lord's teaching, conveying [the soul] on to unchangeableness, and scientific comprehension. And, in 5 my view, the first saving change is that from heathenism to faith, as I said before ; and the second, that from faith to knowledge. And the latter terminating in love, thereafter introduces as friend to friend, that which knows to that which is known. And, perchance, such an one has lo already attained the condition of 'being equal to the angels.' Accordingly, after the highest excellence in the flesh, changing always duly to the better, he hastens to the ancestral hall, through the holy Hebdomad to the Lord's own mansion ; to be, so to say, a light, steady, and con- 15 tinuing eternally, entirely and in every part immutable. Misuse of Scripture by Heretics. And if those also who follow heresies venture to avail themselves of the prophetic Scriptures ; in the first place they will not make use of all the Scriptures, and then they will not quote them entire, nor as the body and texture of 20 the prophecy prescribe. But, selecting ambiguous expres- sions, they wrest them to their own opinions, gathering a few expressions here and there ; not looking to the sense, but making use of the mere diction. For in almost all the quotations they make, you will find that they attend to the 25 words alone, while they alter the meanings; neither knowing how they are spoken, nor using the quotations they adduce according to their true nature. I04 Selections from [Tertuuian XXXIV. Ut de origine aliquid retractemus eiusmodi legum, vetus erat decretum, ne qui deus ab imperatore consecraretur, nisi a senatu probatus. Scit M. Aemilius de deo suo Alburno. Facit et hoc ad caussam nostram, quod, apud 5 vos de humane arbitratu divinitas pensitatur. Nisi homini deus placuerit, deus non erit; homo iam deo propitius esse debebit. Tiberius ergo, cuius tempore nomen Chris- tianum in saeculum introivit, annuntiatum sibi ex Syria Palaestina, quod ilUc veritatem illius divinitatis revelaverat, :o detulit ad senatum cum praerogativa suffragii sui. Sena- tus, quia non ipse probaverat, respuit ; Caesar in sententia mansit, comminatus periculum accusatoribus Christiano- rum. Consulite commentarios vestros ; illic reperietis primum Neronem in banc sectam cum maxime Romae IS orientem Caesariano gladio ferocisse. Sed tali dedicatore damnationis nostrae etiam gloriamur. Qui enim scit ilium, intelligere potest, non nisi grande aliquod bonum a Nerone damnatum. Tentaverat et Domitianus, portio Neronis de crudelitate ; sed qua et homo, facile coeptum repressit, 20 restitutis etiam quos relegaverat. Tales semper nobis insecutores, iniusti, impii, turpes, quos et ipsi damnare consuestis, et a quibus damnatos restituere soliti estis. Ceterum de tot exinde principibus, usque ad hodiernum divinum humanumque sapientibus, edite aliquem debella- 25 torem Christianorum» At nos e contrario edimus pro- tectorem, si litterae M. Aurelii gravissimi imperatoris Apoi.5.1 Early Christian Writers. 105 Bad Emperors the only Persecutors. To say something of the origin of laws of that sort. There was an old decree, that no god should be con- secrated by any general without the approval of the Senate. M. Aemilius found it out with his god Alburnus. This too helps our case, that with you divinity depends on 5 human judgement. Unless a god pleases men, he shall not be a god at all — man will positively have to be pro- pitious to his god. Tiberius then, in whose time the Christian name came into the world, referred to the Senate the news which had reached himself from Palestine of the 10 events which had revealed the truth of Christ's divinity, with the recommendation of his own vote in favour of it. The Senate refused, because it had not itself approved. Caesar held to his opinion, and threatened punishment to the accusers of Christians. Consult your own records. 15 There you will find that Nero was the first who raged with the imperial sword against our sect, just when it was coming into notice at Rome. But we are proud indeed of having such a man to inaugurate our condemnation ; for any one who knows him can understand that what 20 Nero condemned cannot but have been something very good indeed. Domitian tried it too, another Nero for cruelty ; but as having some humanity too, he soon stopped his effort, and even restored those whom he had exiled. Our persecutors are always men of this sort, unrighteous, 25 impious and shameful ; men whose memory even you are used to brand with infamy, whose judicial victims it is your custom to restore. However, out of all the emperors from that time to the present who have tasted of divine and human wisdom, name a single one as a subduer of 3° Christians ! Nay, on the contrary, we name one as a protector, if you will call for the letter of the grave and reverend emperor M. Aurelius, in which he bears witness io6 Selections front [xertniuai requirantur, quibus illam Germanicam sitim Christianorum forte militum precationibus impetrato imbri discussam con- testatur. Qui sicut non palam ob eiusmodi hominibus poenam dimovit, ita alio modo palam dispersit, adiecta 5 etiam accusatoribus damnatione, et quidem tetriore. Quales ergo leges istae, quas adversus nos soli exsequuntur impii, iniusti, turpes, truces, vani, dementes ? quas Traia- nus ex parte frustratus est vetando inquiri Christianorum ; quas nuUus Hadrianus, quamquam curiositatum omnium 10 explorator, nullus Vespasianus, quamquam ludaeorum debellator, nullus Pius, nullus Verus impressit. Tertullian, Apol. 5. XXXV. VuLTis ex operibus ipsius tot ac talibus, quibus con- tinemur, quibus sustinemur, quibus oblectamur, etiam quibus exterremur, vultis ex animae ipsius testimonio 15 comprobemus? Quae licet carcere corporis pressa, licet institutionibus pravis circumscripta, licet libidinibus ac concupiscentiis evigorata, licet falsis diis exancillata, cum tamen resipiscit, ut ex crapula, ut ex somno, ut ex aliqua valetudine, et sanitatem suam patitur, deum nominat, hoc 20 solo nomine, quia proprio dei veri : deus magnus, deus bonus, et quod deus dederit, omnium vox est. ludicem quoque contestatur ilium, deus videt, et deo commendo, et deus mihi reddet. O testimonium animae naturahter Christianae ! Denique pronuntians haec, non ad Capito- 25 Hum, sed ad coelum respicit. Novit enim sedem dei vivi ; ab illo, et inde descendit. jua, ly. Apoi.5.] Early Christian Writers, 107 that the great drought in Germany was removed by a shower of rain obtained by the prayers of Christians who chanced to be serving in the army. As on one side he did not openly free such men from the penalties of law, so on the other he openly made these of none effect, imposing 5 also a sentence, and that a severer one, on their accusers. What sort of laws then are these, which are put in force against us only by the impious, the unrighteous, the shameful, the savage, the senseless, the demented — laws which Trajan partly defeated by forbidding Christians to 10 be sought out, which neither a Hadrian, though so curi- ous a student of every novelty, nor a Vespasian, conqueror of the Jews as he was, nor a Pius, nor a Verus ever enforced? Testimony of the Soul. Will you have our proof from his works in all their 15 magnitude and number, which contain or sustain us, which delight us or again dismay us ; or will you have it from the witness of the soul itself? Though it be shut up in the prison of the body, though it be limited by evil customs, though it be enervated by lusts and longings, though it be 20 a slave to false gods, yet when it comes to itself as after a debauch or after sleep or after a sickness, and feels its proper health, it makes mention of God, and by that name only, for it is peculiar to the true God. ' God is great,' ' God is good,' ' which may God grant,' are all men's 25 words. It appeals also to Him as judge — ' God sees/ ' I commend to Him,' and ' God will repay me.' O testimony of the soul by nature Christian ! Finally, in using these words, it looks up not to the Capitol but to heaven, for it recognizes the throne of the living God. From Him it is, 30 and thence came down. ] o8 Selections from [Tertuuian XXXVI. Est et alia maior necessitas nobis orandi pro impera- toribuSj etiam pro omni statu imperii rebusque Romanis qui vim maximam universe orbi imminentem, ipsamque clausulam seculi acerbitates horrendas comminantem Ro- 5 mani imperii commeatu scimus retardari. Ita quae nolumus experiri, ea dum precamur differri, Romanae diuturnitati favemus. Sed et iuramus, sicut non per genios Caesarum ita per salutem eorum, quae est augustior omnibus geniis. Nescitis genios daemonas dici, et inde diminutiva voce 10 daemonia ? Nos iudicium dei suspiciraus in imperatoribus qui gentibus illos praefecit. Ibid. 33, XXXVII. Hesterni sumus et vestra omnia implevimus, urbes, insulas, castella, municipia, conciliabula, castra ipsa, tribus, decurias, palatium, senatum, forum ; sola vobis reliquimus '5 templa. Cui bello non idonei, non prompti fuissemus, etiam impares copiis, qui tam libenter trucidamur, si non apud istam disciplinam magis occidi liceret, quam occidere? Potuimus et inermes, nee rebelles, sed tantummodo dis- cordes, solius divortii invidia adversus vos dimicasse. Si 20 enim tanta vis hominum in aliquem orbis remoti sinum abrupissemus a vobis, suflfudisset pudore utique domi- nationem vestram tot qualiumcunque amissio civium, imo etiam et ipsa destitutione punisset. Ibid. 37. Apoi.32.] Early Christian Writers. 109 Christians not distoyat. We are under another and a greater need of praying for the emperors, and further for the good estate of the Empire and the interests of Rome, knowing as we do that a mighty shock impending over the entire world and the end of the age itself with the fearful calamities it threatens 5 are delayed by the respite which the Roman Empire gives. Thus when we pray for those things to be put off which we do not wish ourselves to experience, we are in favour of the long endurance of Rome. Furthermore, even as we do not swear by the genii of the Caesars, so we do swear 10 by their health, which is more august than all the genii. Do you not know that the genii are called daemones, and thence by the diminutive word daemonia ? We in the emperors look up to the judgement of God, which has set them over the nations. 15 Numbers of the Christians. We are men of yesterday; yet we have filled all your places of resort — cities, lodging-houses, forts, towns, markets, even the camp, tribes, town-councils, palace, senate, forum ; we have left you nothing but your temples. For what war should not we have been fit and ready, 20 though with unequal forces, who are so willing to be slaughtered, if according to our teaching it were not better to be killed than to kill ? We could have fought against you even without arms, yet without rebellion, simply by the civil discord of an unfriendly separation. For if such 25 a force of men as we had broken off from you to some far corner of the world, your empire would undoubtedly have been put to shame by the loss of so many citizens of whatever sort, or rather actual bankruptcy would have been your punishment. 30 no Selections from [xertuiuan XXXVIII. Corpus sumus de conscientia religionis et discipllnae unitate et spei foedere. Coimus in coetum et congre- gationem, ut ad deum, quasi manu facta, precationibus ambiamus. Haec vis dec grata est. Oramus etiam pro 5 imperatoribus, pro ministeriis eorum ac potestatibus, pro statu saeculi, pro rerum quiete, pro mora finis. Cogimur ad litterarum divinarum commemorationem, si quid prae- sentium temporum qualitas aut praemonere cogit aut recognoscere. Certe fidem Sanctis vocibus pascimus, 10 spem erigimus, fiduciam figimus, disciplinam praeceptorum nihilominus inculcationibus densamus ; ibidem etiam exhortationes, castigationes et censura divina. Nam et iudicatur magno cum pondere, ut apud certos de dei con- spectu, summumque futuri iudicii praeiudicium est, si quis 15 ita deliquerit, ut a communicatione orationis et conventus et omnis sancti commercii relegetur. Praesident probati quique seniores, honorem istum non pretio sed testimonio adepti ; neque enim pretio ulla res dei constat. Etiam si quod arcae genus est, non de honoraria summa, quasi 20 redemptae religionis congregatur ; modicam unusquisque stipem menstrua die, vel quum velit, et si modo velit et si modo possit, apponit : nam nemo compellitur, sed sponte confert. Haec quasi deposita pietatis sunt. Nam inde non epulis nee potaculis, nee ingratis voratrinis dispen- 25 satur, sed egenis alendis humandisque, et pueris ac puellis re ac parentibus destitutis, iamque domesticis senibus, item naufragis, et si qui in metallis, et si qui in insulis, vel in custodiis, dumtaxat ex causa dei sectae, alumni confessionis suae fiunt. Ibid. 39. Apoi.39.] Early Christian Writers. m Christian Worship. We are made a body by common religious feeling, unity of discipline, and the bond of hope. We come together in a meeting and assembly, that we may as it were form a troop, and so in prayer to God beset Him with our suppli- cations. This violence is well-pleasing to God. We pray 5 also for emperors, for their ministers and for them that are in power, for the welfare of the world, for peace therein, for the delay of the end. We meet together for the reading of the divine writings, if the character of the times compels us in any way to forewarning or reminder. 10 However that may be, with the holy words we nourish our faith, lift up our hope, confirm our confidence, and no less make strong our discipline by impressing the precepts. At these meetings we have also exhortations, rebukes, and a Divine censorship. For judgement also is executed 15 with much gravity, as before men who are sure that they are in the sight of God ; and it is a notable foretaste of judgement to come if a man has so sinned as to be banished from the communion of our prayer and meeting and all holy intercourse. Our presidents are the approved elders, obtain- 20 ing that honour not for a price, but by attested character ; for indeed the things of God are not sold for a price. Even if there is a sort of common fund, it is not made up of money paid in fees, as for a worship by contract. Each of us puts in a trifle on the monthly day, or when he 25 pleases ; but only if he pleases, and only if he is able, for no man is obliged, but contributes of his own free will. These are as it were deposits of piety ; for it is not paid out thence for feasts and drinkings and thankless eating- houses, but for feeding and burying the needy, for boys and 30 girls deprived of means and parents, for old folk now con- fined to the house : also for them that are shipwrecked, for any who are in the mines, and for any who in the islands or in the prisons, if only it be for the cause of God's people, become the nurslings of their own confession. 35 1 1 3 Selections, from [TertulUan XXXIX. Ipsae denique haereses a philosophia subornantur. Inde aeones et formae, nescio quae, et trinitas hominis apud Valentinum : Platonicus fuerat. Inde Marcionis deus me- lior de tranquillitate : a Stoicis venerat. Et uti anima S interire dicatur, ab Epicureis observatur ; et ut carnis restitutio negetur, de una omnium philosophorum schola sumitur ; et ubi materia cum deo aequatur, Zenonis dis- ciplina est ; et ubi aliquid de igneo deo allegatur, Hera- clitus intervenit. Eaedem materiae apud haereticos et 10 philosophos volutantur; iidem retractatus implicantur: unde malum, et quare ? et unde homo, et quomodo ? et quod proxime Valentinus proposuit: unde deus? scilicet de enthymesi et ectromate. Id. de Praescr. 7. XL. Et proinde ecclesias apud unamquamque civitatem con- rs diderunt, a quibus traducem fidei et semina doctrinae ceterae exinde ecclesiae mutuatae sunt et quotidie mutu- antur, ut ecclesiae iiant. Ac per hoc et ipsae apostolicae deputabuntur ut soboles apostolicarum ecclesiarum. Omne genus ad originem suam censeatur necesse est. Itaque 20 tot ac tantae ecclesiae una est ilia ab apostolis prima, ex qua omnes. Sic omnes primae et omnes apostolicae, dum una omnes probant unitatem. Communicatio pacis et appellatio fraternitatis et contesseratio hospitalitatis, quae iura non alia ratio regit, quam eiusdem sacramenti una >5 traditio. DePraescr.7.] Euvly Christian Writers. 113 Philosophy the Mother of Heresy. Finally the heresies themselves are equipped by philo- sophy. Thence came the aeons, the — I know not what — infinite forms, and the trinity of man taught by Valentinus : he had been a Platonist. Thence came Marcion's better god, the better for his tranquillity : he had come from the Stoics. 5 The statement that the soul dies is a note taken from the Epicureans, and the denial of the restoration of the flesh is assumed from the entire school of all the philosophers. Where matter is made equal to God, it is the teaching of Zeno ; and where anything is stated about a god of fire, 10 it is Heraclitus who comes in. We have the same sub- jects repeatedly discussed by heretics and philosophers with the same complicated reconsiderations. Whence is evil, and why? Whence is man, and how? and — the very latest problem of Valentinus — whence is God? 15 From enthymesis and ectroma, no doubt. The Argument of Tertullian from Tradition. The Apostles accordingly founded in the several cities Churches from which the rest have thenceforth borrowed and daily borrow the shoot of faith and seeds of teaching, in order that they may become Churches ; and it is from 20 this fact that they too will be counted Apostolic, as the offspring of Apostolic Churches. Every kind of thing must be estimated by reference back to its origin. There- fore the Churches, whatever their size or number, form but the single primitive Church which comes from the 25 Apostles, and its offspring are they all. Thus they are all primitive and all Apostolic, since they are all approved together by their union in the communion of peace, the title of brotherhood, and the interchange of hospitality — rights which are governed by no other rule than the single 30 I 1 14 Selections from [Tertuiuan Hinc igitur dirigimus praescriptionem, si dominus lesus Christus apostolos misit ad praedicandum, alios non esse recipiendos praedicatores, quam quos Cliristus instituit. ... Si haec ita sunt, constat proinde omnem doctrinam, 5 quae cum illis ecclesiis apostolicis, matricibus et origina- libus fidei, conspiret, veritati deputandam, id sine dubio tenentem, quod ecclesiae ab apostolis, apostoli a Christo, Christus a dec accepit ; reliquam vero omnem doctrinam de mendacio praeiudicandam, quae sapiat contra veritatem 10 ecclesiarum et apostolorum et Christi et dei. Ibid. 20, 21. XLI. NoN omittam ipsius etiam conversationis haereticae descriptionem, quam futilis, quam terrena, quam humana sit, sine gravitate, sine auctoritate, sine disciplina, ut fidei suae congruens. Inprimis quis catechumenus, quis fidelis, 15 incertum est; pariter adeunt, pariter orant, etiam ethnic!, si supervenerint ; sanctum canibus et porcis margaritas, licet non veras, iactabunt. Simplicitatem volunt esse pro- strationem disciplinae, cuius penes nos curam lenocinium vocant. Pacem quoque passim cum omnibus miscent. 20 Nihil enim interest illis, licet diversa tractantibus, dum ad unius veritatis expugnationem conspirent. Omnes scientiam pollicentur. Ante sunt perfecti catechumeni, quam edocti. Ipsae mulieres haereticae, quam procaces ! quae audeant docere, contendere, exorcismos agere, cura- 25 tiones repromittere, forsitan et tingere. Ordinationes eorum temerariae, leves, inconstantes. Nunc neophytes collocant, nunc saeculo obstrictos, nunc apostatas nostros, De praescr. ao. 21.] Eurfy Christian Writers. T15 tradition of the same mystery in all. Here then we enter our demurrer, that if the Lord Christ Jesus sent Apostles to preach, others than those whom Christ appointed ought not to be received as preachers. . . . If these things be so, it is in the same way plain that all teaching which agrees s with those Apostolic Churches which are the wombs and origins of the faith must be ascribed to the truth, such teaching doubtless containing that which the Churches received from the Apostles, the Apostles from Christ, and Christ from God, whereas all teaching must be summarily lo set down as false if its tenor is opposed to the truth of the Churches and Apostles, and Christ and God. Disorderly Worship of Heretics. I WILL not leave out a description of the conduct also of the heretics — how empty it is, how earthly, how merely human, without sobriety, without impressiveness, without 15 discipline — as suits their faith. In the first place, who is catechumen and who faithful, is doubtful. They all come up alike, all hear, all pray alike — heathens too, if they come in. That which is holy they will cast to the dogs, and their pearls (though they are but shams) to the swine. 2° They will have it that simplicity means the destruction of discipline, and the care of it with us they call pandering. Peace, too, they mix up at random with all comers ; for with all their differences of thinking they care for nothing so long as they are agreed on assailing the one single 25 Truth. They all promise knowledge. The catechumens are perfect before they are fully taught. The very women of the heretics — how pert they are ! For they have the impudence to teach, to wrangle, to perform exorcisms, to undertake healings, possibly even to baptize. Their 30 ordinations are random, capricious, unsettled. Sometimes they appoint novices, sometimes secular ofBcials, some- times renegades of ours, in order to bind them by vain- I 2 ii6 Selections from [Tertuiuan ut gloria eos obligent, quia veritate non possunt. Nus- quam facilius proficitur, quam in castris rebellium, ubi ipsum esse illic, promereri est. Itaque alius hodie epi- scopus, eras alius ; hodie diaconus, qui eras lector ; hodie 5 presbyter, qui eras laicus ; nam et laicis sacerdotalia munera iniungunt. Ibid. 41. XLII. Audio etiam edictum esse propositum, et quidem peremp- torium. Pontifex scilicet Maximus, episcopus episco- porum edicit : Ego et moechiae et fornicationis delicta 10 poenitentia functis dimitto. O edictum, cui adscribi non poterit : Bonum factum ! Et ubi proponetur liberalitas ista ? Ibidem, opinor, in ipsis libidinum ianuis, sub ipsis libidinum titulis. Illic eiusmodi poenitentia promulganda est, ubi delinquentia ipsa versabitur. Illic legenda est 15 venia, quo cum spe eius intrabitur. Sed hoc in ecclesia legitur, et in ecclesia pronuntiatur, et virgo est. Id. De Pudicit. i . XLIII. Recenseamus nunc cetera pericula et vulnera, ut dixi, fidei ab apostolo provisa non carnis tantum verum etiam ipsius spiritus molestissima. . . . Domino certe non potest 3o pro disciplina satisfacere, habens in latere diaboli servum, procuratorem domini sui ad impedienda fidelium studia et officia : ut si statio facienda est, maritus de die condicat ad balneas ; si ieiunia observanda sunt, maritus eadem die convivium exerceat ; si procedendum erit, nunquam magis De Praescr. 41.] Early Christian Writers. 117 glory, for by truth they cannot. Nowhere is promotion easier than in the camp of rebels, where the mere fact of being there is a merit. Thus one man is bishop to-day, another to-morrow : he is deacon to-day who to-morrow is reader, and he is presbyter to-day who to-morrow is lay- 5 man ; for even on laymen they impose priestly functions. The Roman Bishop's Edict. I HEAR also that an edict has been issued, and that a decisive one. The sovereign Pontiff forsooth, the bishop of bishops puts forth his edict. 'I,' says he, 'to them that have done penitence remit the sins of both 10 adultery and fornication.' What an edict it is, to which we cannot add Well done ! And where shall that gracious message be posted up ? On the very spot, I suppose — on the very door-posts of lust, beneath the advertisements themselves of lust. There ought penitence 15 of that sort to be published, where the offence itself shall dwell. There ought the pardon to be read, where men enter in the hope of it. But this — in the Church it is read, and in the Church pronounced, and — she is a virgin! Inconveniences of a mixed Marriage. Let us now recount the other dangers and wounds, as 20 I said, of faith foreseen by the Apostle as not to the flesh only, but likewise even to the spirit very grievous. . . . Without doubt she cannot satisfy the Lord according to discipline, when she has at her side a servant of the devil, an agent of his lord to hinder the works and duties of 25 believers ; so that if there is a meeting to attend, her husband the first thing in the morning makes her an appointment for the baths ; if there are fasts to be ob- served, her husband that same day gives a dinner ; if she has to go out [on charitable errands], never is household 3° ii8 Selections from [Tertuiuar familiae occupatio obveniat. Quis enim sinat coniugem suam visitandorum fratrum gratia vicatim aliena et quidem pauperiora quaeque tuguria circuire ? quis nocturnis con- vocationibus, si ita oportuerit, a latere suo adimi libenter 5 feret ? quis denique sollemnibus Paschae abnoctantem, securus sustinebit ? quis ad convivium dominicum illud quod infamant sine sua suspicione dimittet? quis in car- cerem ad osculanda vincula martyris reptare patietur? lam vero alicui fratrum ad osculum convenire? aquam lo sanctorum pedibus offerre ? de cibo, de poculo invadere, desiderare, in mente habere ? si et peregre frater adveniat, quod in aliena domo hospitium? si cui largiendum erit, horreum, proma praeclusa sunt. . . . Moratur dei ancilla cum laboribus alienis, et inter illos omnibus honoribus 15 daemonum, omnibus sollemnibus regum, incipiente anno, incipiente mense, nidore thuris agitabitur. Et procedet de ianua laureata et lucernata, ut de novo consistorio libidinum publicarum ; discumbet cum marito in sodalitiis, saepe in popinis ; et ministrabit nonnunquam iniquis, solita 20 quondam Sanctis ministrare ; et non hinc praeiudicium damnationis suae agnoscet, eos observans, quos erat iudicatura ? Id. Ad Uxorem, ii. 3-6. XLIV. Nam iste primus ex Asia hoc genus perversitatis intulit 25 Romae, homo et alias inquietus, insuper de iactatione martyrii inflatus ob solum et simplex et breve carceris taedium, quando, etsi corpus suum tradidisset exurendum, Adux.u.3-6.] Early Christian Writers. 119 business more in the way. For who would let his wife go round from street to street to other men's houses, and indeed to all the poorer cottages, for the sake of visiting the brethren ? Who will willingly allow her to be taken from his side for nocturnal meetings, if her duty be so ? 5 Who in short will bear without anxiety her absence all night for the ceremonial of Easter ? Who will let her go without suspicion of his own to that Lord's Supper which they defame ? Who will suffer her to creep into a prison to kiss a martyr's bonds ? or indeed to meet one of the 10 brethren for the kiss ? to offer water for the feet of the saints ? to seize [for them] from her food or from her cup, to long for them, to keep them in mind ? If a brother on a journey come, what welcome is there for him in an alien house ? If there is a case for liberality, the granary and 15 the larder are shut up. . . . The handmaid of God dwells with alien labours, and amongst them she will be per- secuted with the odour of incense at all the festivals of demons, all the ceremonials of kings, the beginning of the year, the beginning of the month. She will come forth 20 too from a laurelled gateway hung with lanterns as from some new abode of public lusts. She will dine with her husband in clubs, often in taverns, and sometimes she will minister to the unjust, who was used to minister to saints ; and will she not recognize in this a sentence that carries 25 her damnation, as she attends on those whom she was to judge hereafter ? The Misdeeds of Praxeas. For Praxeas it was who first imported from Asia to Rome this kind of perversity — a man in other ways unquiet, and moreover puffed up with pride of confessorship merely 30 on the strength of a short annoyance of imprisonment without further hardship; whereas even though he had given his body to be burned, he would have gained 120 Selections from [TertnlUan nihil profecisset, dilectionem dei non habens, cuius charis- mata quoque expugnavit. Nam idem tunc episcopum Romanum agnoscentem iam prophetias Montani, Priscae, Maximillae, et ex ea agnitione pacem ecclesiis Asiae et 5 Phrygiae inferentem, falsa de ipsis prophetis et ecclesiis eorum adseverando et praecessorum eius auctoritates defen- dendo coegit et literas pacis revocare iam emissas et a proposito recipiendorum charismatum concessare. Ita duo negotia diaboli Praxeas Romae procuravit, prophe- 1° tiam expulit et haeresim intulit, paracletum fugavit et patrem crucifixit. Id. Adv. Prax. i. XLV. Itaque pro cuiusque personae conditione ac disposi- tione, etiam aetate, cunctatio baptismi utilior est, praecipue tamen circa parvulos. Quid enim necesse est, sponsores 15 etiam periculo ingeri, qui et ipsi per mortalitatem destituere promissiones suas possunt et proventu malae indolis falli? Ait quidem dominus : Nolite illos prohibere ad me venire. Veniant ergo, dum adolescunt ; veniant, dum discunt, dum quo veniant docentur; fiant Christiani, quum Christum 20 nosse potuerint. Quid festinat innocens aetas ad remis- sionem peccatorum ? Cautius agetur in secularibus, ut cui substantia terrena non creditur, divina credatur. Id. De Baptismo, 18. XLVI. Toiavra 6 yorj^ roX/i-^aas a-vvecrrrjaaTO SiSacrKaXe'iov Kara rr}^ eKKXrj(rias oUtcos SiSd^as, Kal TrpwTos to. irpoi Adv.prax. I.] Early Christian Writers. lai nothing by it, not having the love of God, whose gifts too he has overcome. For he it was again, who when the then bishop of Rome was ready to recognize the prophecies of Montanus, Prisca and Maximilla, and in consequence of that recognition to give his peace to the Churches of Asia 5 and Phrygia — he by making false statements about the prophets themselves and their Churches, and by urging the authority of the bishop's predecessors, obliged him to recall the letters of peace he had already sent out, and to give up his purpose of acknowledging the gifts. Thus 10 Praxeas managed two of the devil's businesses in Rome : he drove out prophecy and brought in heresy ; he put to flight the Comforter and crucified the Father. Infant Baptism. Therefore according to the circumstances and temper and even age of each is the delay of baptism more profit- 15 able, yet especially in the case of little children. For where is the need of involving sponsors also in danger ? They too through mortality may fail to perform their promises, or may be deceived by the growth of an evil disposition. The Lord says, indeed. Forbid them 20 not to come unto me. Let them come then while they are growing up ; let them come while they are learning, while they are taught where they are coming ; let them become Christians when they are able to know Christ. Why does an age which is innocent hasten to the remission of sins ? 25 There will be more caution used in worldly matters, so that one who is not trusted with earthly substance is trusted with divine. Misdeeds of Callistus. The impostor had the impudence to adopt opinions of this kind, setting up a school against the Church, and 3° 1 2a Selections from [mppoiytus ra.'i fiSovas rois dudpdnrois crvy)(copeTu eTrevorja-e, Xeywc TTcia-iv vn' aiiTov acpkadai afiaprtas. . . . odros eSoyfid- Tia-ev oiras el kntaKOTTOS d/xapToi ti, d kol npb? OdvuTov, ixfj Seiv KaTdTiOecrOai. (tti tovtov Tjp^aPTO kniaKOTroi 5 Koi npea^vrepoi Kal Smkovoi Siyafioi Koi rpiyafioi KaOia-Tuadai eis KXrjpovs' ei Se Kai Tis kv KXrjpo) wv ya/MoiT]^ /jLeveiv rov tolovtov iv t£ KKripco coy jirj rifiap- TTjKOTa. . . . Kal yap Kal yvvai^lv IneTpe'^f.v, ei avavSpoi elev Kal rjXiKLa ye eKKaioLVTO dva^ia^ rj eavrSiv d^tav /ifj lo ^ovXoivTO KaOaipeTv Sta to vo/iifiws yafirjOfjvai, ^X^"' ^''°' 8f dv atprjacovTai crvyKoiTov, eire oiKeTrjy^ eiVe eXevOepov^ Kal TOVTOV Kpiveiv dvTl dvSpos fir) v6/ia> yeya/jLrjfievrji/. . . . Kal eirl tovtois tois ToXiXT^/j.acnv eavToiis ol dnrjpvSpiacr- [levoL KaOoXiK^v eKKXtjcrlau dnoKaXelv eiriyeipovcn^ Kai 15 TLves vofii^ovTe? ev irpaTTeiv avvTpe)(^ov(ny avTois. em TOVTOV irpwTcos TeToXfirjTai SevTepov aiiToTi ^dirTiafia. HIPPOLYTUS, Ref. Omn. Haer. ix. 12. XLVII. Ev TOVTCo Kal ApPpoatoi Ta TTjy OvaXevTivov v ovk oX'iyoi, Sia airovSrjs avTW npoa- eixov, npos ToTs $eiois Kal rd Trjs e^coOev (piXoa-ocpias npos aiiTov natSevo/xevoi. elafjye re yap oaovs eiKpvms e^ovTas idpa Kal enl to, (piXoa-ocpa paQ-qjiaTa, yeoape- Tpiav Kal dpi6pr}TiKriv Kal tcc dXXa irponaiSevfiaTa irapa- R.o.u.ix.ia.} Early Christian Writers. 133 teaching accordingly ; and he was the first who found out the device of yielding to men in their sensual pleasures by saying that all men had their sins forgiven by him. ... He it was who laid it down, that if a bishop cortimitted a sin, though it were a sin unto death, he ought not to be 5 deposed. In his time began twice married and thrice married men to be appointed to clerical office as bishops, elders and deacons ; and if one married who was in the clergy, such a one remained in the clergy as if he had not sinned [quoting Rom. xiv. 4, Matt. xiii. 29, and the clean 10 and unclean in the ark]. For he even allowed women, if they were unmarried and inflamed with love unworthy of their age, or did not wish to destroy their rank for the sake of a legal marriage, to have one whomsoever they chose for a companion, whether he were slave or free, and 15 though not legally married to him to count him for a husband. . . . And on the strength of these audacious doings the shameless fellows endeavour to call themselves a Catholic Church ; and some thinking they are faring well agree with them. In his time a second baptism was first 20 impudently attempted by them. Origen's conception of education. About this time Ambrose, who held the heresy of Valentinus, was convinced by Origen's presentation of the truth, and, as if his mind were illumined by light, he accepted the orthodox doctrine of the Church. Many 25 others also, drawn by the fame of Origen's learning, which resounded everywhere, came to him to make trial of his skill in sacred literature. And a great many heretics and not a few of the most distinguished philosophers studied under him diligently, receiving instruction from 30 him not only in divine things, but also in secular philo- sophy. For when he perceived that any persons had superior intelligence he instructed them also in philo- sophic branches — in geometry, arithmetic and other pre- 1 24 Selections from [Eusewns 5i(5ovy, efy re tols alpeaeLS ras napa Tols (piXoaocpots irpodywv, Kal to, irapa tovtois avyypa.p.fiaTa Siriyovfiivos, vno/ivrjiiari^ofievos re Kal Oewpmv els eKaara, aurre jikyav Kal Trap' avToh "EWrjari (j)i\6aocf>ov rou dvSpa Krjpvr- 5 Tea-Oai. ttoXXovs Se Kal tS>v i8La>TLKv kvfjyev knl rh kyKVKXia ypdjifiara, ov niKpav avToIs ea-ecrOai (pdaKwv k^ kKeivcov eniTrjSeiOTrjTa eis Tr]v tS>v Qeiwv ypacpav Oecopiaf T€ Kal Trapaa-Kevrjv. odev fidXiara Kal iavrZ dvayKaiav ■^yqa-aro Tfji/ Trepl to, KocTfiiKa Kal fiaTOi /lev tov ^Xevoniuov, '^v)(fji Se Trjs ev avTW voov/j,evr]s Kal KaTaXafi^avo/iivrjs^ Kal nvevjiaTOS tov Kara TO. vnoSeiyfiaTa Kal crKiav tS>v kwovpavimv (f>kpe, kiri- 15 KaXfcrd/xevoi tov TroLrjo-avTa t^ ypa^fj crS>ixa Kal y^v^^rjv Kal TTvevfia, acojia [ikv toTs npo tjumv, ■<^V)(rjv Se fjfuv^ tTvevfia Se roty ev tw jieXXovTi almvi KXrjpovofj.rjcrova'L {oofjv atcoviov Kal (leXXovaiv rJKeiv kirl to, enovpdvia Kal dXrjGiva TOV vo/ioVj kpevvrja-co/iev ov to ypdfifia dXXa t^v 20 yjrv)(rjv ewl tov irapovTos' el Se oloi Te ea-fiev, dva^r}- aofieda Kal enl to nvevfia, KaTO, tov Xoyov Thv trepl twv dvayvwirOeia-aiv 6v(tl5>v. Origen, In Lev. Horn, v {Philocalia, i, ad fin.). XLIX. £^^y S\ TovTOLs 6 KeXaos ■uTriSofievos Th eniSei^Orjcro- fieva iinb tov 'Itjaov yeyevrjfieva fieydXa, irepl S>v oXiya 25 aiTo noXXwv elpriKafiev npoanoieTTai avyycopeiv dXrjOfj eivai, ba-a irepl OepaireiZv, ^ dvaa-Taa-ecos, ^ Trepl dpTwv H.E.vi.i8.] Early Christian Writers. 135 paratory studies — and then advanced to the systems of the philosophers and explained their writings. And he made observations and comments upon each of them, so that he became celebrated as a great philosopher even among the Greeks themselves. And he instructed many of the S less learned in the common school branches, saying that these would be no small help to them in the study and understanding of the Divine Scriptures. On this account he considered it especially necessary for himself to be skilled in secular and philosophic learning. lo The Letter and the Spirit. Since then Scripture itself also consists as it were of a visible body, and of the soul in it that is perceived and understood, and of the spirit which is according to the patterns and shadow of the heavenly things — come, let us call on Him who made for scripture body and soul and i.s spirit, a body for them that came before us, a soul for us, and a spirit for them that in the age to come shall inherit life eternal, and shall attain to the heavenly and true things of the law; and so let us for the present search not the letter but the soul. And if we are able, we shall ascend 20 also to the spirit, according to our discourse about the sacrifices just read. The Argument from our Lord's Miracles. In the next place Celsus, suspecting that we shall put forward the mighty works of Jesus, of which we have already spoken very slightly, professes to grant that they 2 5 may be true — all that is recorded of healings, or of a 136 Selections from [origen oKiycav dpctfrdvTcoi' noXXovs dvayiypanrai, d(f) mv Xiii^ava noXXa KaTaXiXetiTTai, rj oa-a dXXa oUrai reparevaa/ievovs roiis iiadijTds laToprjKivaL, Kal eiritpepei avToir ' ^epi niarrevacofiev etvai ctol ravr eipyaa kivovvtcov ovk dXr]6m ovra ^aa, dXXd /iexP' (f>avracriai fpaivofieva Toiavra. Kai ^■qcriv 'Ap e;ret Tavra noiovcnv eKeivoi^ Si-qaet ruids dvTovi Tiyeia-6aL 15 vlovs etvai 6eov ; ^ XeKriov aiird iTriTTjSevfiaTa etvai dvdpumcov irovrjpSiv Kal KaKoSaifiovcov \ ' jud, j. 68. L. T/V TovTo eiSe ; yvvf] -n-dpoia-Tpos, as v etVe Koi dnXova-Tepccy. ibid. iii. 49. LII. OvKovu kyKaTaXeiTTeTai Oeia Kpfvei 6 eyKaraXenro- 5 /levos, Kal iiaKpodvfiii kiri rtvas tS>v d/iapravovTcov 6 0eoy oiiK dXoyca?, dXX' toy avTois avvoiaovros coy npos t^v dQavacrtav Trji ■^V)(fji Kal tov dneipov aiava rov jxrj Ta)(p avvepyrjOfjvai eis (rmTqptav, dXXd ^pdSiov eirl ra'UTrjv dy^- 6fjvaL fierd to ireipaOfjvaL noXXcau KaKoiv. axnrep yap 10 Tiva Kal larpol Swdpevoi Td-)(Lov IdcracrOai, orav kyKeKpvji- fiivov iov vnovowaiv inrdp^fiv mpl rd aco/jiaTa, to ivavTiov TO idcraaOai fpyd^ovTai,8id to idaOai ^ovXeaOai dacftaXia- TipOV TOVTO TTOLOVVTi^' riyOVflSVOl KpeiTTOV €LVal TToXXw Xpov(o irapaKaTaayelv Tiva kv tw (pXeyfiaiveiv Kal Ka/iveiu 15 vwep Tov ^efiaioTipov avTov ttjv iiyeiav diroXa^elv, rjuep Td)(^iov fiif pwcrai Sokuv vcrTipov Se dvaSvvai Kal irpoa- Kaipov yivecrBai Trjv TayvTepav laa-iv Toy avTov Tpmov Kal 6 6(6s, yivdxTKcov ra Kpv^ia r^y KapSias Kal npo- yivwaKoav to, p.kXXovTa, Sid Trj^ /laKpoOviiias kiriTpkiru 20 Td')(a Kal Sid tS>v e^atdev (rvfi^aivovToiv ktpeXKOfievos to kv KpvTTTfo KaKov, VTTep TOV KaOdpai TOV Si dfikXeiav Ta (TirkpfiaTa Trjs dfiapTias Ke')(wp7]K6Ta, 'iva eis kiriiroX^v kXOovTa avTa tis kfiiaas, ei Kal knl nXiiov kv kukoTs yeykvrjTai, vcnepov Svvr]6fj KaOapcriov Tvyoiv tov fieTO. 25 TTjv KaKiav dvaa-TOix^uoBijvai. ©eoy yap oiKovofte? ray ■\lrv)(as o^x ^^ TTpbs ttjv e Princifiis, iii. 13. In L. H. ui. 49] Early Christian Writers. 1 29 it may make them better, yet it also calls those who are much better than these, since the Christ is the Saviour of all men, and specially of such as believe, whether prudent or simple. The Method of Gocfs dealing with Sinners. He therefore that is left is left to the divine judgement ; 5 and God is long-suffering towards certain sinners, not unreasonably, but with intent to profit them, with a view to the immortality of the soul and the unending age, that they be not quickly brought into salvation, but led to it more slowly, after they have had trial of many evils. For 10 even as physicians (though able to heal a man more quickly), when they suspect that there is hidden poison anywhere in the body, do the reverse of healing because they wish to heal, and thereby make the healing the more sure; counting it better to keep a man for a long time in 15 inflammation and sickness that he may the more certainly recover his health, than that he should seem to gain strength more quickly and afterward fall back again, so that the quicker healing is but for a time; in the same way God also, knowing the secret things of the heart and 20 foreknowing the things to come, through His long-suffering permits [sins], peradventure by means of outside events drawing together the evil that is in secret, for the sake of cleansing him who by reason of carelessness has received the seeds of sin, to the end that when they have come to 25 the surface a man may spue them out, and even if he have been deep in evils, may afterward obtain cleansing after his wickedness and be renewed. For God disposes souls not as for say the fifty years of life on earth, but as for the unending age ; for He has made the intelligent nature 30 incorruptible and akin to Himself, and the rational soul is not shut out from cure as in this present life. 130 Selections from [Ensewns LIII. Tfjs Se fioxOrjpias rav 'lovSal'Kwv ypav ovk diro- araa-iv, Xvaiv Se rives evpetv npoOvjxrjBivTfS, kn e^rjy^- aeis erpdirovTO dcrvyKXwaTovs Kat dvapfiocTTOVS Tois yeypa/i/iivois, ovk dnoXoyiav fidWov vTrep rwv odveiav, 5 irapaSoyjiv Se Kol tiraivov tois oIkhois (pepovcras. al- viyfiaTa yap to, (pavepSis irapa Mcova-eT Xiyo/xeva Hvai KOfiirdcTavTes, Kal emOeidcravTei coy BeaTria-fiaTa TrXrjprj Kpv(pi(iov fiva-rripLOOv, Sid re tov rvipov to KpniKov rrjs ■v drrocTToXiKSiv onoXoyovfievrnv y pajxudTwv , Kal 20 TovTO ay avucprjcrai elvai dXr]6ts Trds 6 irpocreywv Trj dvayvdiaei ry dirocTToXiK^. TovTois (leQ erepa km