LIBRARY ANNEX 2 Cornell University Library The original of tiiis book is in tine Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924007910825 msrican Vlcbm^,* TI^E •I I Ml fi JO IN FlIMPyill ISlAIli ILLUSTRATED y .. i^er jV[^jN[ltiX 5. 1 ism E 117 ^^1 n . "j^ ,.— , r^ „ - ^ » ry ^ .. /-^ /-^ >.^ ^^ /-^ -^ — /-^ ^ ^^— /.^ ^ - ^ .j.^ ^ ^ ^ ^ I ANTECEDENTS WITH tile natural delay due to the distance wjiich sepa- rates Philippines from Spain and with the brevity and scantiness of words used in telegraphic language, the strained relations between the Governments of Madrid and Washington had been made known. It is not our intention to narrate the varios actions taken in regard' to the matter even by the european powers and Pope Leo XIII, the truce granted to the Cuban insurgents nor the other vicissitudes which at last ended with the declaration of w^ar. We shall simply confine ourselves to give an account of what happened in the Philippines during the war betwen the United States of America and Spain. When the aforesaid strained relations fereboded an evil ending, the new Governor General of the Archipelago, Liutenant General D. Basilio Augustin landed in Manila. The steamer. «Isla de Panay» which conveyed him anchored in Manila Bay on the night of 9th April and n,ext day, Sunday, H. E. made his official, entry in the City being received with the usual pomp and solemmity in such ocasions. After the taking possesion of his Supreme Command he issued a proclamation to all the inhabitants of the Islands in which he stated his intention of granting some reforms. On the 23rd of April an extra of the Official Gazzete published several proclamations in w^hich the Governor Ge- neral made public the deraclation of war and proyided some measures Which he deemed more proper of the ocasion amongst which was the order i to enlist in the Volunteer or- ganizations all resident Spaniards from 18 to 50 years of age. The greatest enthusiasm seemed to prevail amongst both native and Spaniards as it was shown in the publie" meeting held on the next day. Thousands of persons attended appa- rently beamuig with piatrotism. Great activity was displayed in the erection of the line of blockhouses surrounding Manila which had been ordered by the preceeding Captain General Primo de Rivera and great activity was also displayed in order to make the best out of the scanty means of defence on hand in the city. On the 27th a wire from Iloilo brought fhe information that on the previous day the Spanish cruiser «Elcano?/ had captured the american bark «Savanna,h» with a cargo of coal from Austrafia A Board of Defence was constituted composed of dis- tinguished and prominent per- sons which adopted several measures of precaution, one of the first being the removal to more safe pla:ces of severaL charitable and religious insti- tutes and establishments. It was known that for over a month an american squadron was anchored in Hongkong composed of the following vessels: protected cruisers «Boston» and and «01ympia,» protected gun- boats «Concord» «Petrel» and «Helena» and gunboat «Mo- nocassi.» According to general ver- sion these ships were much inferior in their armament and other conditions to those for- ming the Spanish squadron. Moveover it had been said that out of the- total number of men 1564, which formed the crews, 224 had desetted on hearing the news of the declaration of war with view of Corregidor from Manila Bay, Spain, the admiral of the fleet being compelled to fill the vacandies /with Chinese. These fantastic news still filled everybodys minds on' the 38th of april when a telegram was received anouncing that tke northamerican Pacific Squadron had sailed on tlie 27th from Mirs Bay wliere ite> had b^en anchored since a few days prior to its departure being reinforced with the steamers «Nanshan» 2.200 tons and «Zafiro» "well kiiown ih Manila on account of its having been engaged from some time in the Hongkong and Manila line. Both steamers were utilized as transports. By order, of the Naval authorities all the lights of the lighthouses in the archipelago were extinguished and the port was 'declared closed. . On the 25th the Spanish squadron under Rear Admiral Montojo sailed for Subic port which was expected to be found almost impregrable owing to the formidable batteries in course of erection on the island at the entrance where some heavy pieces Ordonez 15cm cal. had been conveyed and also to a projected line cf torpedoes which 'however remained to be simplya project. When the squadron, arrived at Subic it was seen that the works of defence could not be finished for a longtime I and then the admiral, having learned on the 24th that the americans had sailed for Subic with the' indention of destroying his ships, returned to Cavite anchoring in front of th©; city at the entrance of Caiiacao. On the night of the ^oth it was known that at night fall the american ships had entered the bay of Subic and had gone out bound directly for Corregidor. . ' Commodore Dewey had his plan and he accomplished it fully. II DE\VEY,S DAY ON the morning of the ist of May the reports, of the guns awakened the over confident inhabitants of Manila, who thought the capital quite safe from the attacks of the American squadron, thantks to the formidable batteries of tho Island of corregidor and to the line of torpedoes which defended the two entrances to the. most splendid bay in the world. Such a line of torpedoes only existed in th.6 minds of the deceived Spaniards. ; , The entire population ran to the walls of the city over- looking the sea in order to watch the movements of the. squadron under command of the thea commodore. Dewey. [f the people had not been so confident they could have noticed during the late hours of the night of Aplril 30th the weak and useless firing of the batteries of Corregidor Island commanded by the naval officers the guns being of 12 centimet-ers hastily put up and manned by 100 ihfan- trymen."^ The American squadron entered through the large entrance («boca grande») at the' break of day its nine vessels' in single column with the <<01ympia» leading sailing towards the anchorage in front of Manila. On passing the merchant vessels w^hich were there anchored the americans hoisted their colors, going straight for the Spanihs squadron which was anchored in front of Cavite. This latter fleet was com- posed of: The cruiser «Reina Cristina,» of 3500 tons, flying the flag of Admiral Montojo and comanded by Don Luis Cadarso. The wooden cruiser «Castilla» of 3344 tons which was used as a floating battery oh accoiint of its- poor condition. The «Castilla» was commanded by Captain Alonso Morgado. The cruiser «Don Antonio de Ulloa,» iioo tons, under command of Don Jose Iturralde. The cruiser «Doti Juan de Austria,* iioo tons, under ■command of Don Juan de la Concha, ~T^ 7^9 Ef^iser «Isla de Luzon,» 1030 tons, commanded bv D. Jose Perez Moreno. ^ The cruiser «Isla' de Cuba» 1030 tons. The gunboat «Marques del Duero,» 530 tons. The American squadron was nothing like what it was said to be but was composed of the ironclad cruiser «01ym- pia» 5870 tons, under commander Gridley. The «Baltimore,» tons, commander. B. P. Lamberton. The «Boston,» 3189 tons, commander F. Wildes. «Ra(leigh» 3.185 tons, comander J. B. Goghlaii. The gunboats «Goncord» 1700 tons, commander A. Wal- ker. Light bouse and entrance to Pasig River. The «Petrel,» 1890 tons, commander E. P. Wood. The dispatch boat «M. CuUock commander C. L. Hoop. The transports «Zafiro» and «Nanshan». When the American squadron had entered the Cove of Bacoor, and while still out of range, the battery of Ponit Sangley opened fife upon them Thi,S battery consisted of two guns of 15 centimeters «Ordevcz» and was under the ■ command of Lieutenant of Artillery Valentin Valera and Second Lientenant Juan Mariano Jeneg, and 30 men of the 74th Regiment Infantry under command of First Lientenant Senor Gil. The American squadron opened fire, continuing to hold its formation and passing before the. Spanish fleet, first leaving ^ « — tke tvVo transports in front of Manila. In this formation they described a circle, passing one by one before the Spanish ships in the following order: «01ympia» «Baltimore» «Raleigh» «Boston» «Concord» «Petrel» «M. CuUdch » During this movement which was accomplished with the utmost perfectioii, the batteries of Point Sangley, aided by Montojo's squadron, kept up the fire causing some damage to the «Baltimore». At this juncture the firing was most fierce. Several shells from the American' ships- fell in the city of Cavite, doing great damage. Others fell on the battery of of Sangley Point. The Americans concluded the movement by firing from the opposite broadsides of their ships. The same maneouever was repeated and with the great est skill, the Spanish squadron retaining the original positions of its ships, and only making slight movements. When Admiral Dewey's squadron passed the second time the Spanish cruiser «Don Juan de Austria* attempted to ram the American flagship but failed to do so perhaps on account of having received orders to the contrary. Not so the «Cris- tina» from which the Admiral had disembarked and which in attempting to perform the same feat received all the fire of the American fleet, one of the latter's shells exploding 'in its powder magazine and setting the ship on, fire, compelling tier to retire to a point near the coal depot of the arsenal where she foundered. While trynig to advance, its brave commander Cadarso, and the chaplain. Novo, were killed. Many heroic, feats were witnessed at this time proving the historical courage of the Spaniard. The flames had also mastered the cruiser «Castilla» which fell an easy prey on account of its wooden hull. The same fate befell the cruiser «Ulloa» and the «Don Juan de Austria» which had for the second time attempted to ram the American flagship. Soon afterwards they were all buried under the waters of Manila Bay. The first gun was fired at 5:10 A. M. This first part of the combat edded at 6:30 A. M. when Dewey's squadron retired towards Pampanga in order to provide itself with mu- nitions from, the «Zafiro,» while the Spanish cruiser «Isla de Cuba» and «Isla de Luzon» and the «Marques del Duero» stationed them selves in Bacoor Cove in front af the arsenal. The entire American squadron excepting the «Boston» and «Baltimore» began to move at eleven o'clock apparently towards Mareveles, but turned towards Point Sangley which battery was surrounded by the five vessels, There were hree American ships in front of the left battery gun; Y'AND THE DISPOSITION OF THE AMERICAN AND SPANISH ) SHOWS THE DEFENSIVE LINES OF THE CITY AND AMERIC tthree in front of the battery; and the other in front of the gun to the right. This position was afterwards changed, the vessels forming approximately a quarter-circle near the left side. The artillery men- at this battery received orders to retire. The' Spanish merchant steamer «rsla de Min- danao, » which at the beginning of the fight had anchored m front of Las Pinas, was fired upon during this second enga- gement and the shells caused its utter destruction. Towards 3 o'clock in the afternoon a flag of truce was hoisted over the arsenaland in a short time thereafter the remaining ships of the Spanish fleet were burning. On the morning of the 2d of May the arsenal was surren- dered by the chief, seiior Sostoa to Captain Lamberton. Ad- miral Dewey requested the surrender of the city from General Pefla who refused to do so and was then threatened with the bombardment of the place w^hich at first was to commence at mid-day but was afterwards postponed until 5 o'clock in the evening when the city was evacuated by the Spanish forces The Spanish General saw the uselessness of any kind of resistance. Dewey, ever on the alert, had stationed some of his ships near the Isthmus of Dalahican and Bacoor Cove, leaving the other ships in such a position as |o make the city quite surrounded. When Commodore Dewey was notified of the decision of the Spanish general to evacuate the city, he offered his protection to the' inhabitants. The Spanish loss was 381 men, of whon 180 were from the flagshp «Christina» and 103 froqa the cruiser «Castilla.» , The American loss was the following wounded: Lieutenant Frank Woodruff. Ensign Edward Irurng. and the following sailors: — Michael John Buddinger.. Edward Snelgrove. Robert Barlow. Richard Covert. William O'Keefe. Rosario Richarddelli. After taking posssesion of Caviteand of the island of Co- rregidor which was surrendered next day, the Americans cut the submarine cable to Hong-kong. after Commodore Dewey had offered to preserve the cable with the understan ding that it was to, be used by ,both the Americans and Spanish, which propooition the Spanish Captain General declined. Commodore Dewey sent the news of his victory by the — 10 — «Mc Cullok» to Hongkong and this intelligence created great enthusiasm throughout the United States. President Mc Kinley wired from Washington on May 7th complimenting the Commodore and his brave . crew and announcing his promotion to the rank of Real Admiral. Rear Admiral Dewey hoisted lis flag over the «OIympia» on the morning of the 9th and was saluted by all the foreign warships in the bay. The Spanish sick and wounded were taken to Manila in tugs, the naval hospital^in Caiiacao having been sacked by the natives who also plundered all the private houses in Cavite and San Roque, Admiral Dewey beind obliged to land some of his «blue-jackets» in order to check the ma- rauders and preserve order. Ill THE INSURRECTION After the capture of Cavite the Americans established a strict blockade on Manila. As a consequence the insurrec- tion broke out ,again in several towns in Cavite Province, and it became more serious when Einilio Aguinaldo and seventeen other prominent insurgents arrived from Hongkong, a few days after which the number of Insurgents was enor- mouslys increased, and they immediately began a series of attacks upon the Spanish detachments which were scattered throut^hout the different towns and villages of the Province. General Pena was besieged in San Francisco de Malabon Captain General Augustin established a military line on the banks of the river Zapote oh the borders of the provinces of Manila and Cavite, which was vigorously attacked and defended during several days. Several isolated detachments, "after desperate resistance fell at last into the hands of the Insurgents and the captured arms and munitions served to better the condition of the Insurgent forces. The native soldiers of the Spajiish Army deserted by thousands, and it was soon necessary to reduce it to Euro- pean soldiers only. , On the 4th of May General Augustin created a volun- teer militia in the Philippines. All natives from i8 to 50 years of age wer» elegible for enlistment and the organi- zation was of fleered by natives exclusively who exercised the same privileges and received the same pay as similar officials in the Spanish .Army. The issuance of this call was received amid great enthusiasm and in a few days 30.000 men had responded thereto. ^ i^ -. t'his militia organization, however, proved very disas- trous to Spain for during the month of June dll the men deserted, with arms and amunition, to the enemy's side, giving the rebels 20 000 additional rifles whi6h the Spanish Government had issued for its own defense. Other calls for volunteers were issued, such as those of Anda and Salazar, commanded by the well-knoVvn Fili- pino Buencamino. The natives of Macabebe who had given such proofs of loysilty to Spain during the firs tinsurrection, also formed one battalion under the command of their brave leader Eugehio Blanco. , . For this reason the Macabebes are despised and hated by all the Tagalos. Simultaneously with the militia the Consultive Assem- bly of the Philippines was created. This organizativa was composed of all the civil and military authorities of Manila, including 40 members elected from among the most promi- nent natives. The «Assamblea» also proved a failure and only three sessions were held, after which half the meilibers de- serted and were given high positions in the. ^.evolutionary Govermnent. The blockade began to show disastrous effectos upoii the market, the price of provisions increasing to such an extent that it became necessary for the Civil Commission of defense to publish tairiffs regulating, the prices. The lach of Postal and tel6graphic communications were creating depression among the inhabitants. From the crews of the Spanish squadron was formed a battalion, the command of which wasgiven to Captain Don Juan de la Concha, ex-Commander of the «Austria». Gen. Aug'ustins wife and children removed, during the last days of April, to the village of Macabebe in the province of Pampanga. Gradually the Bky of Manila was occupied by many fo- reign warships, the English cruisers «Iphigenia,» 3600 tons; «Plover» 765 tons; «Immorlalite» 5600 tons; «Bonna Ventura* 4000 tons; and the gunboats «Rattler,» «Swift and Pigmy. » The Germans were represented by the cruiser «Irene» 4200 tons; the «Kaiserin Augusta* 753 tons; the «Arcona» 3000 tons' and the gunboat «Cormoran» 1636 tons. The French had the ironclad «Bayard,» (flagship of the China squadron,) 6500 tons; and the «Descartes» 3988 tons The Japanese had the «Akitsushima» and the «Matsit- sushima,» 6000 tons each. The Austrians sent the cruiser «Frundsberg,» 1370 tons. The month of May ended with the greatest anxiety and — 13 — . xioubt on the part of the besieged who awaited, with the greatest impatience, the arrival of relief from Spain in the ghape of a Squadron composed of the battleship «Pelayo;» the cruiser «'Alfonso XII» and three torpedo boat destroyers Ad- miral. Camara commanded the fleet and only went as far as Port Said from which point he was obliged to turn back to Spain on the news of Cervera defeat and the probability of the American squadron sailing for the coast of Spain. .s,Jsns*~ Monunient to Hernando da Magallanes, discoverero of the Islands, The insurrection in Cavite had spread thronghout the central provinces of Luzon, and Manila was thus comple- tety isolated by land and sea from th» rest of the Archi- pelago. ' General Pena was at last forced to surrender, after a stubborn resistence,. in the town of San Francisco de Mala- bon. On the 30th of May a Spanish column, under com- mand of Colonel Sorq, attempted to form a junction with the Spanish garrison at Imus, but failed on account of in- — 14 — ^ surgent resistance the latter having Strongly fortified them- selves at this point which made Col. Soros progress, very slow. Hte fought during twelve houris, but was at last obli- ged to retire, w^hereupon the Spanish Captain General or- dered the concentration of all the forces in Manila, limiting his line of defense and garrisning all the block houses, as well as erecting new fortifications and intrenchments. IV REINFORCEMENTS SENT TO DEWEY The Americaa Government having decided upon an in- vasion of the Philippine Islands, an army was organized, the command of which was conferred upon Major General Mesley Merritt. ' „ „ . . This army was transported from San Francisco in seve- ral expeditions, the first of • which arrived in Cavite June 30 and was composed of 3000 men escorted by the cruiser «Charleston» which battle ship had stopped at the Ladrone. Islands while enroute, imprisoning the garrison of the Is- land of Guam, and conveying the prisoners to Cavite. A sufficient number of men and were landed by Generals Anderson and Greene at Paranaque to establish a camp which was done at a point in front of the Spanish intrenchments. The American troops did not make any serious attach until the arrival of General Merrit. About the middle of the month of July the Spanish for- ces retreated towards Malate, the Fort of San Antonio cons- tituting the head of their line of defense. The Insurgent trenches Were placed between those ot the Spanish and Americans, and General Merrit, on arrival, ordered them out of the way and proceeded with the ne- cessary measures fpr the plan of attack which resulted in such a complete success. , The first work of the Americans was to open up a road- way through Pasay and extending from «Camp Dewey» to the Spanish intrenchments, whereupon the American troops advanced to the intrenchments occupied by the Insurgents at which place the guns of the Artillery were now mounted. Numerous attacks were made by both sides with no — i6 — decisive victory for either, the most serious one being the battle which took place on the 3st of July in which the Pennsylvania regiment suffered a loss of nine men killed and forty-eight wounded. On the next day the men at the intrenchments were reinforced by more troops coming from «Camp Dew^ey.» Engagements of lesser importance took place on the ist- nd and 3d of August. gj^af^^^jjgggg ■:; 'j g jggg -gjg jg jj'g'^-afgj-g'^^'g jij jg jg ^g^^g-g Sj^jg'^gjg jggg^!S V BESIEGED As we have already related, block houses had been built some time prior to the arrival of the Americans, and from the first day of June the Spanish worked night and day constructing intrenchmerits at the intervals between the blockhouses, thus succeeding in securing a, circular fortifica- tion around the city and its suburbs. On. the 5th and 6th of June formidable forces of In- surgents attacked Manila, but the Spanish positions 'were so strong and easily defended that the attacking army lost heavily and were compelled to retire. The attacks ,were made by night and by day without hardly any intermission, the reports of canons and rifles by being heard constantly, and with the object of clearing the fields in front of their trenches, the Spaniards set fire to several outlying groops of houses and trees. ' We shall not enter into details regarding the many attacks made by the. Insurgents looking for a weak spot in the Spanish trenches, all of which caused heavy losses to the former side, and no good results. The frequent downfalls of rain, together with the scar- city of provisions, caused much more disaster to the Spanish side than did the attacks of the Insurgents. The rain, ho- wever, was of great benefit to the city, for it was thereby supplied with plenty of drinkable water which had pre- viously began to grow very scarce as the Insurgents had taken possession of the waterworks in Santolan. The supply of provisions also began to grow more and more meagre, and many of the necessaries of life could not be had for any price. i8 — — 19 — The Civil .Commission of Defense liad in store in the- Walled City, a great quantity of provisions and from these the inhabitans were supplied. During' the latter part of July ho- bread could be furnished as the stock of flour had been -exhausted. The Insurgents had cut off all telegr&phic and railway communication, so that the city was now comple- tely isolated from the outside world. The cattle were all ■consumed and the inhabitants found it necessary to slaughter carabaos. The authorities ecnbargGed all of these animals wjiich could be found in the city. Many people, however, preferred horse flesh to that of the carabdo, which, latter, it was said, ' caused 'dysentery among, those who ate it. The number of sick among the soldiers of the Spanish Army increased to alarmmg proportions, some of the tren- ches being held by but one half the requisite number of men. The Spanish line of defense was divided into three sec- tions under command of Generals Rizo, Arizmendi and Pa- lacios. The latter fell seriously ill and died on the 30th of August. During his sickness he was substituted by Colonel Carbo, at whose section- of the line of defense the voluri- teers of San Miguel hehaved splendidly". This was the only volunteer organization fighting in the trenches. Nothing certam was known of the column formed by General Monet consisting of the Spanish forces garrisoning the provinces in ihe center of Luzon. It was said that he had ;gone to Macabebe to release the family of Captain General Augustin, which, together with numerous other Spanish fa- milies was besieged at that place by the Insurgents. On the 25th of June General Monet appeared in Manila conveying the family of Captain General Augustin in a native vessel and stating that his command had been besieged at Maca- bebe and was out of amunition. It being impossible for him to get to Manila by land, he arranged to do so by water On the 27th of June the Spanish gunboat «Leyte,» which had been hidden in the Pampanga river, was seen . approa-" ■ching Manila with lighters in tow. She was immediately sightdd and captured by the American fle'et. The day before, the steamer «Mendez Nunez» flying the red cross flag had succeeded in getting into the Pasig river unnoticed by the Americans, and bringing a great number of women and children, and about one hundred wounded. The Spanish soldiers who had been shipped on the lig- hters were overtaken by a storm and drifted towards Ha- .gonoy in Bulucan province where they were obliged "to surrender to the Insurgents. — 20 — n — 21 — While the Insurgent army was being organized Agui- nlaldo, who at first took up his residence in Old Cavite, xemoved to Bacoor, from whence he issuel all his orders and proclamations to the total uprising of the Archipelago. What happened in Cavite took place throughout the rest -of the province — Spanish detachments were one Isy one besieged, and after desperate resistence were compelled' to yield to superior forces, the Insurgents committing marty •depredations whereever they entered notwitstanding the •efforts of the more cultered party of the revolution. Defen- celess women and children were butchered and the Spa- nish prisoners were so illfed ,that many died of starvation. The atrocities became sujh that Admiral Dewev remonstra- ted with Aguinaldo for the inhuman conduct of his soldifers. On the 29th of July the Philippine Republic declared its independence at a meeting held in Bacoor and attended with much pomp In the month of August Aguinaldo again moved his head quarters, this time to Maiolos in Bulucan, where he established his new government and convoked a congress,, holding great fetes in honor of the ratification of the proclamations of the Republic. iQi®;o©isie VI THE BATTLE OF AUGUST 13 th On the 8th of August General Merritt and Admira Dewey sent their ultimatum to General Jaudenes, who had succeeded General Augustin in the command of the troops^ requesting the surrender of the city and granting forty-eight hours time for the evacuation of the city by non combatants. The Spanish General thanked the American officers for their thoughtful humanity, btit refused to surrender. A se- cond demand was made To this General Jaudenes replied that be would require a truce of six days in order to- communicate with his Government at Madrid via Hong- kong His request Was denied and at 6 : 30 A. M. on Sat- urday August 13th the attack -was commenced by the Ame- rican land forces. The day vi^as a rainy one. At 9:30 A. M. the «Olympia» fired the first shots on San Antonio Fort^ seconded by the c ^j^^^'t!-{^'^-S;'^^'{^^^J^'^i^-it'^«'{^^«K'^^^-»^J^ai-^^'^^'^-K*^'fe-^-I^'^'^'^'^^'^'^^^'^'^ YII THE SURRENDER When the flag of truce was hoisted General Merritt, who was on the «Zafiro,» sent ashore Lieutenant Colonel Whittier, and Admiral Dewey sent his Flag Lieutenant, Mr. Brumby, the two officers proceeding to thq Palace of the Spsnish Governor General. The capitulation was there discussed upon the basis as proposed by the Spanish aut- horities. The American officers, however, stated that they had no powers to authorize any document of this kind without General Merritt's approval. Shortly afterwards Ge- neral Greene entered the Walled City, and at about four o'clock in the afternoon General Merritt disembarked and proceeded alone to discuss the surrender which included all the Spanish forces garrisoning Manila and its suburbs. It was agreed that the terms of the agreement signed at that time would be final and the new order of things would be entered into on the following day, when a Com- mission composed of Spanish and, American officers wotild meet. The next morning the Commission met and agreed upon the following final treaty of surrender: Manila August 14 th 1898. THE UNDERSIGNED, having been appointed a Com- mission to determine the details of the Capitulation of the City and. defenses of Manila and its suburbs, and the Spa- nish forces stationed therein, in accordance with the agree- ment entered into the previous day by Major General Wes- ley Merritt, U. S. Army, American Commander in Chief in the Philippines, and His Excellency Don Fermin Jaudenes, — 25 — Acting General in Chief of tlie Spanish Armv in the Phi- lippines: HAVE AGREED UPON THE FOLLOWING: I The Spanish troops, European and native, capitulate Avith the city and defences, with all the honors of war, de- positing their arms in the.jplaces desigfiated by the autho- rities of the United States, and remaining in the quarters ■designated and under the orders of their officers and sub- ject to control of the aforesaid United States authorities, until the conclusion of a treaty of peace between the two belligerent nation'^. ' All persons included in the capitulation remain at liberty, the officers remaining in their respective homes, which shall be respected as long as they observe the regulations pres- cribed for their government and the laws in force. 2. Officers shall retain their side arms, horses and pri- vate property. ' 3 All public horses and public property of all kinds shall be turned over to staff officers designated by the Uni- ted States. 4. Complete returns in duplicate of men by organizations, and full lists of public property and stores shall be ren- dered to the United States within ten days from this date. 5. All questions relating to the repatriation officers and men of the Spanish .Forces and of their families and of ex- penses which said repatriation may pccassion, shall be re- ferred to the Goverment of the United States at Washington. Spanish families may leave Manila at any time conve- nient them. The .return of the arms surrendered by the Spanis for- ces shall take place when they evacuate the city or when the American Army evacuates. 6. Officers and men included in the capitulation shall be suplied by the United States, according to their rank, ■with rations and necessary aid, as though they were pri- soners of war, until the conclusion of a treaty of peace between the United States and Spain. Alt the funds in the Spanish Treasury and all other pu- blic funds, shall be turned over to the authorities of the United States. 7 This city, its inhabitants, its churches and religious worship, its educational establishments and its private pro- perty of all descriptions are placed under the special sa- feguard of the faith and honor of the American Army 26 — — 27 — The Spaaish Commission was composed of Judge Ad- vocate General Don Nicolas de.la Pena; Colonel of the Staff Don Jose Olagiier, and Colonel of Engineers Don Carlos Reyes. The American Commission was composed of Brigadier General E. V. Greene; Lieutenant Colonel Charles Whittier Lieutenant Colonel and Judge Advocate E H. Crowder, and Captain 'Lamberton, Commander of the flagship «01ympia.» At six o'clock on the afternoon of the 13th of August the «;Star Spangled Banner was hoisted amidst great che- ering on the Fortress of Santiago, and inmediately all the war ships in the bay saluted it with their guns. In the meantime the Insurgents^ who had succeeded in entering some of the remote districts of thfe city, plundered some of the deserted houses, which conduct, however, was quickly ..checked by the energy of the American authorities. The Spanish forces garrisoning Fort San Antonio and Santa Ana surrendered their arms and were afterwards- given quarters in the churches, and the Spanish forces from other fortifications and intrenchments ^surrendered the next day on being relieved b}' the Americans. That > same day Brigadier .General Mc Arthur was appointed Provost Marshal General of Manila and every measure to insure the safety and welfare of the inhabitants was quickly adopted. VlII AFTER THE SURRENDER Oa the next day General Merritt issued the following proclamation, and the 'American authorities took the place ■of the Spanish in the control of affairs of the city: HEADQUARTERS DEPARMENT OF THE PACIFIC August 14th i8p8. TO THE PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES: I ° War has existed between the United States and Spain since April 21st. of this year. Since that date you Tiave witnessed the destruction; bv an American fleet, of the Spanish naval power in these islands, the fall of the prin- cipal city, Manila, and its defences, and the surrender of the Spanish Army of occupation to the forces of the United States. 2.* The Commander of the United States forces now in posession has instructions from his government to assure the people that he has not come to wage war upon them, nor upon any party or faction among them, but to pro- tect them in their homes, in their employments, and in their personal and religious rights. All persons who, by ac- tive aid or honest submission, cooperate with the United States > in its efforts to give effect to this beneficent pur- pose, will receive the reward of its support and protection. 3.° The goverment established among you by the Uni- ted States Atmy is a goverment of military occupation; and for the present it is ordered that the municipal laws such, as affect private rights of persons and property, regulate local institutions, and provide for the punishment of crime, shall be considered as continuing in force, so far as com- — 29 — patible with the purposes of military goverment, and that tney be administered through the ordinary tribunals substan- tially as before occupation; but by officials appointed by the government of occupation. 4;° A Provost Marshal General v^ill be appointed for the City o.f Manila, and its outlying districts. This terri- tory will be divided into sub-districts and there will be- assigned to each a deputy provost marshal. The duties of the Provost Marshal General and his deputies will be set forth in detail in future orders. In a general way they are charged with the duty of making arrests of military as well as civil offenders, sending such. of the former class as are triable by courts martial to their proper commands with statements of their offences and names of witnesses and detaining in custody all other offen- ders for trial by military commission, provost courts, or native criminal courts, in accordance with law, and the ins- tructions hereafter to be issued. 5.° The port of Manila, and all othe ports and places- in the Philippines, which may be in the actual possession of our land and naval forces, will be open whi e our military occupation may continue, to the commerce of all neutral nations^ as well as our own, in articles not con- traband of " ar, and upon paymoht of the prescribed rates, of duty which may be in force at the time of the im- portation, , 6.° Ail churches and places devoted to religious wor- ship, and to the arti and sciences, all educational institu- tions, libraries, scientific collections, museums, are, so far as possible, to be protected; and all destruction or inten- tional defacement of such places or property, of historical monuments, archives, or works of science is prohibited, save Vi^heii required by urgent military necessity Severe- punishment will be meted out for all violations of this re- gulation. The custodians of all proporties of the character men- tioned in this section will make prompt returns thereof to- these headquarters stating character and location, and' em- bodying such recommendations as they may think proper for the full protection of the properties under their care and custody, that proper orders may issue enjoining the coope- ration of both military and civil authorities in securing such, protection. 7 ° The Commanding General in announcing the esta- blishment of military government, and in entering upon his duties as Mihtary Governor, in pursuance of his ,appo- — 30 — inttnent as such by the goverment of the United States/ desires to assure the people that so long as they preserve the peace and and perform their duties toward the repre- sentatives of the United States, they will not be disturbed in their persons and property, except in-so-far'-as may be found necessary for the good of the service of the United states, and the benefit of the people of the Philippi'des. Wesley Merritt. , (Sgd.) Major General U. S. Army, CoinmenJing ^ — 31 — . On the following day General Greene was appointed collector of customs, and Captain Henry Glass, of the «Charleston» captain of the Port. Major Frank Vaille w^as appointed Postmaster General. General Merritt divided the forces under his command into four ^ divisions. The eatrance to the river, which had been blocked by the Spaniards sinking the troopship «Cebu», was quickly cleared and the port opened for traffic, and it was not very long before a great number of ships from Hongkong -arrived Avith provisions and many other necessaries by which many merchants in Manila profited greatly Such an in- crease in trade had never been known in Manila. The Insurgents, soon began to -fall back from the city to their old positions, leaving the Americans in full control of Manila and its suburbs The waterworks' were again set in operation. To show the enterprise of the Americans, ' the follo- wing newspapers are being published in Manila, all prin- ted in English: The «Amencan Soldier»; «Manila Outpost» «American» «Freedom» «Manila Times» «Soldier Letter* «Chicago Record> and «Uncle Sam.» On the 22nd of August the transports «RiQ de Janeiro* and «Pennsylvania» arrived with Major General Elwell S Otis and some 4.000 troops. On the 13th of the same month General Merritt left Manila on the «China» enroute to Europe in order to act as one of the American Com- missioners at the Paris conference, and Major General Otis relieved him in the duties of Military Governor of Manila. TROOPS THAT TOOK PART IN THE CAPTURE OF MANILA Regulars. 3rd Artillery. Cap. O'Hara. i8th Infantry— Col. Van Valzah. 23rd » » French. 14 th » » Robe Company A. Batallion of Engineers. Cap. Echols. — 32 — Volunteers. Utah Artillery— Cap. Young. California » Major Hany. Astor Battery. Lt. Peyton March. South Dakota Inf Col. Frost. North Dakota Inf. Col Truemann •toth Pennsylvania Inf. Col. Hawkius 2rd Oregon Inf. Col. Summers. 13th Minnessotta Inf. Col. Ames, ist Colorado Inf. Col Mac Coy. ist Nebraska Inf. Col. Bratt. ist California. Col. Smih- Signal Corps. Cap, Russell, ist Montana Inf. Col. H. Ckessler, ist Idaho Inf. Col Young. * The Commanding General published a proclamation on the 4st of January 1899 in pursuance of the instructions from President Mac-Kinley. On the losh of December 1898 the> peace conference, agreed upon in the armistice treaty, ended in Paris with the signing of the treaty of peace by which Spain ceded to the United States Cuba, Puerto p.ico and the Philippines. r899 opens for the United States and Spain's former colonies en era of greatnees and prosperity America gives the Philippine people the full measure of their rights and liberties and consequently severes the lashes which pre- vented it from developing itself and join the other peoples of the Universe in the noble task of self redemption by Progress and Civilization, having the advantage over all others of being supported and guided by the Nation wha in less than a century has forged its way ahead of all others through the perseverance and industry of its people. THE END *t3 f- > > m d >< & S :§ C*3 - tz G3 CO s:;: fw C CO Cfernell University Library E 717.7.Afl The Acierican victories in the Phiiippine 3 1924 007 910 825 :f?l^ li^/m '"^i -x^