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(&mM\\ Wi^mmxii ^itotg THE GIFT OF ,..Se«,.ger. .£.- A.d^MS3. s..^J.ir.|4fl5: 1287 NEW GAZETTEER BUSINESS DIRECTORY, FOR LIVINGSTON COUNTY,, N.Y, FOR 1868. COMPILED AND rDBI.ISIIKD BY G. EMMET STETSON. GENEVA, N. Y. : E. L. ADAMS & SON, rniNTERP. 18C8. INTRODUCTION. In presenting the "New Gazetteer and Directory of Living- ston County" to the public, the publisher desires to return his sinscere thanks to all who have aided in procuring information for its progress. And to the press of the county, for calling public attention to his eflforts ; and to the public generally, for the hospitality shown to his agents while engaged in the canvass. Last, but not last, his thanks are due to those who have become patrons for the work, and to those who have aided by way of advertising. We cordially commend the advertisers in this work, to all, representing, as they do, many of the leading fii-ms in the county. That errors have not occuiTed in so great a number of names and dates, would be preposterous to assume, and more than a community could expect. But it has been his desire, added to the care and labor which has been spent, to make as few as possible, beleiving any seemingly short comings will be forgiven by a discriminating public. G. E. STETSON. LIVINGSTON COTINTT. LIVINGSTON COUNTY. Livingston was oiiginflilly embraced in Albanj' County, which was formed in 1083, and inchided the whole State west of the Hudson. Montgomery was taken from Albany in 1772 ; Ontario from Montgomery in 1789; Genesee from Ontario in 1802 ; and Livingston from Genesee and Ontario, Feb. 23, 1821. A part of Allegany was annexed in 1845, and another part in 1856. The entire area is 655 square miles. The northern part of the county is rolling, and extremely fertile. The southern part is hilly. Some of the hills rise 1200 feet aboye the adjacent valleys, and 2,200 feet above the sea. The beds of the streams, in the southern portion of the coAity, are generally deep gorges worn through the rocks. Especially is this the case with Genesee river. Below Mt. Morris it flows through flats with low shores, but above, it has cut a channel through the slate and sandstone for over fifteen miles, and from one hundred to four hundred feet in height. Here and at Portage is the wildest scenery in tbe county. The High Banks are exceedingly picturesque, sometimes perpendicular, and sometimes covered with forest trees, full of cascades and glens, and always as ci'ooked as the streets of Boston. Occasionally an acre or two of flat appears, or a level island in the bottom of the ravine, and everywhere are seen the most charming bits of landscape. The Great Bend below the lower ialls, ;md the three falls themselves, are very beautiful, and strange to say, seem to be the haunt of his Satanic Majesty, for we hear of the "Devil's 6 LIVINGSTON COtWTY. Roosting Place," "Devil's Breakfast Table," &c. At Portage, nature and art combine to produce the most delightful eflfects. The great railroad bridge is as much a wonder as the scenery around it. All the southern portion of the county is full of beauty, and Portage Falls are visited by thousands of people every season. The park-like meadows around Geneseo are unequalled in America. The finest of the old forest teees still remain, and some of them have attained immense size. It was always a region of famous trees. There was the "Big Tree Road," and a celebrated treaty was held under the "Big Tree" itself Some of the old oaks are over 30 feet in circumference. The Sulphur Springs at Avon have long been celebrated. They were well-known to the Indians who understood their medical properties. The Seneca name for them was " Can-a- wau-gus," (stinking water). When the country was first settled, these springs were surrounded by a dense cedar marsh, and their waters flowed into a lai'ge pond, with a margin of pure white sand. The "Big Springs," in Caledonia, are the delight of the speckled trout, and those who love that finest of all fishes. The Indian name was " Gan-e-o-di-ya," (small, clear lake). The spriiSg and streams are now well-known to sportsmen as the scene of Seth Green's successful efibrts in the artificial propagation of brook trout. There are, doubtless, maay other spots in the county deserv- ing general mention, but they must be reserved for the Gazetteer of the- several towns. There is little to say of the geology and minerology of this county. The water lime of the Onondaga Salt group, the Onondaga and Conifeious limestone, Marcellus and Hamilton shales, Genesee slate and Portage shales and sandstones, consti- tute the principal underlying rocks. G-ypsum abounds in Caledonia. Limestone and sandstone are quarried. The soil in the northern part is remarkably fertile. The Genesee flats are a rich deep alhiviuru of almost inexhau^table LrVINGSTOX COUKTS. fertility, and the entire valley below Mt. Morris is better than that of the Nile, for it requires no irrigation. The uplands are excellent land, and even the southern hills are the natural home of cattle and sheep. It may well be doubted whether, all things considered, there is now unsettled on this continent, so fine a region as the Genesee country, and of thai counti7, Livingston is the garden. Wheat was formerly the staple crop, and perhaps is yet. Much attention has always been paid to fine cattle. Good sheep are found on every farm, and some of the best American Merinos belong in this county. In fact, good stock of all kinds have always been .a speciality. Indian corn and broom corn are largely grown. Of late years hops and grapes attract much attention, and fruit of all kinds is produced in great abundance. In the southern part the products of the dairy have obtained a high reputation. Genesee river is the principal stream, flowing through the western part of the county, in a northeastern direction. Conesas Creek, Fall Brook, and Canaseraga Creek empty into it from the east ; Beard's Creek, White Creek, and several others from the west. Coshaqua empties into the Canaseraga. The outlets of Hemlock and Canadice lakes flow thi-ough part of the county, and that of Honeoye along a portion of the eastern border. Conesus lake is in the central part of the county, and Hemlock on the east side. Geneseo is the county seat. The Court House is in the northern part of the village, on a beautiful lot, which also contains the jail and the clerk's oifice. About a mile east of the village is the county poor house, on a goQd farm of 118 acres. The average number of inmates is something over 100. The farm brings a good revenue. A good school is taught here for nine or ten months in the year. The other principal villages will be described in their proper places. The internal improvements are the old Genesee Valley Canal, which follows the Genesee from the northern limits of the county to Mr. Morris, thence southeasterly to Coshaqua Creek 8 LIVINGSTON COUNTY. and up that stream to Nunda, from there to Portage, and so on to Olean. A branch runs to Dansville. The Canandaigua and Niagara Falls Railroad runs through Caledonia. The Buffalo and New York Raih'o'ad passes through Povtage and Nunda ;■ the Buffalo, New York and Ei-ie through Caledonia, Avon, Livonia and Springwiter, and the Genesee Valley through Avon, Genesee and Groveland to Mt. Mouiis. There are sevei-al newspapers published in the county. The Livingston Republican was established at Geneseo, 1822, by Chauncey Morse, under the name of the Livingston Journal. It was afterward called the Livingston Democrat, and assumed it^ present name in 1837. Hon. Wm. H. Kelsey and S. P. Allen were among its editoi-s. The Livingston Union was established as the Mt. Morris Spectator, in 1834, by Hugh Harding. The name was changed in 1848. The following papers are now published, viz : Names. Places. Proprietors. Western N. Y. Advocate, Dansville, Bunnell & Jones. Dansville Express, " Robbins & Poore, Livingston Republican, Geneseo, A. T. Norton, Genesee Valley Herald, " J. W. Clement, Nunda News, Nunda, C. K. Sanders, Livingston Democrat, " H. M. Drake, Avon Springs Journal, Avon, C. F. Peck, Laws of Life, (monthly) Dansville, Austin, Jackson & Co. A sketch of this county would be incomplete without some mention of the Wadsworths and other pioneers, who not only opened the wilderness to civilization, but made for themselves a good name in the traditions of this region. The Genesee country was especially fortunate in its early settlers. They were very largely men of intelligence and culture. All that part of the State, lying west of the "old preemption line," which run north of the "82d mile stone,'' on the Pennsyl- vania line, to Lake Ontario, was sold by the State of Massachusetts to Phelps and Gorham, in 1 787. This comprised about 6,000,000 acres, for which the purchasers agreed to pay LIVINGSTON COUNTY. $1,000,000, State ciuTency. They bought subject to the Indian title, and sold the westei-n two-thirds to Robert Morris. This constituted the "Morris Reserve," and the "Holland Purchase." Nathaniel Gorham never came here. His son settled at Canandaigua at an early day, and was, until his death, a prominent citizen, and first Judge of Ontario County. Oliver Phelps was the soul of the enterprise. He, and his co-workers extinguished the Indian title, established trade, founded villages, and opened highways. He became deeply embarrassed toward the close of liis life, and lost nearly all of liis ample fortune. Robert Morris sold a large tract to Sir Wm. Pulteney, John Hornby and Patrick Colquohon. They employed Charles Williamson- as agent, and he exerted a large influence through the whole of Western New York. He was a Scotchman, and finally returned to his own country. Thomas Morris was a son of Robert Morris, and rendered great services during a long period of the early settlement of the country. He resided at Canandaigua. Robert Morris himself, the financier of the Revolntion, never resided here. James and William Wadsworth were natives of Durham, Conn. James graduated at Yale College in 1787. William was a farmer. In tlie spring of 1790, the brothers made an arrangement with their kinsman, Jeremiah Wadsworth, of Hartford, Conn., to purchase part of his tract at " Big Tree," and become his agents for the care and custody of his remain- ing lands. In June, of that year, they commenced their journey, William with an ox team and cart, three hired men, • and a colored woman, who was a favorite slave in the family. Ilcr name was "Jenny," and for a long time she was the only colored person in this region. James came by way of the Sound, the Hudson, and the Water route to the head of navigation on Canandaigua Outlet. At Canandaigua he found William. On the Mohawk, William had bought a small stock of cattle. They camped the first night at "Pitts' Flats," on theHoneoye, 1 10 LIVINGSTON COUNTY. the second at the foot of Conesus Lake ; got lost near "Big Tree," and arrived tliere June 10th. " Big Tree" is now Geneseo. There vras but one wliite man in the place, Lemuel Jennings, who was herding cattle on the flats for Oliver Phelps. Horatio Jones and his brother John H., had preceded the Wadsworths a few weeks, and were across the river. They had there built a shanty the year before. Tlie Jones" cart was the first wheel vehicle that j)assed over the route from Geneva to Geneseo, via. Canandaigua and Avon. Horatio Jones built a block house this year. William Wing's family was also west of the river. The Indians bad a village at Squaky Hill. Another at Allen's Hill. "Tall Chief," who lived at the latter place, afterward went with Horatio Jones to visit Congress at Phila- delphia. Little Beards Town was at Cuylerville. This chief had most to do with the infernal massacre of Lieut. Boyd. "Big Tree" was on the bluff, on the river. Two miles down was "Oneida Town." There was another Indian village on the west bank of the river, opposite Avon. It was calldd Conewaugus, and here Cornplanter was born. He was a son of O'Bail. William Wadsworth managed the farm, and James attended to sales. He sold and bought, and the brothers eventually became possessors of the finest landed estate in America. In Sept. 1790, they all fell sick of the fever, except "Jenny." The hired men and James returned to Connecticut, and William and Jenny stayed to winter the cattle. James started back in April, 1791, and arrived at "Big Tree" in Jujie. He was this year admitted by Judge Phelps as Attorney and Counselor at Law. ' The Wadswortlis raised little wheat at first, but mucli coin and cattle. They also cultivated hemp largely at one time, and some tobacco. In a word, they were "big farmers," and very successful. In 1790, James went to Europe, for himself and other land- holders. There was then a land panic, llobert Morris and lilVINGSTON COUNTY. . 11 Oliver Phelps wei-e nearly bankrupt by land speculations. Mr. Wadswortli was very successful in bis mission, and returned in Nov., 1789. He died in 1844, at Genesee. William died in 1833. The first town meeting for the "District of Genesco" was held at Canandaigua, April 9tb, 1791. John Ganson, Super- visor, David BuUen, Town Clerk. Ganson is said to have been chosen because he owned the only pair of boots in the District. Town meeting 1793 at "Miles Gore," Lima. Amos Hall, Supervisor. This year most of the roads were laid out. Stock of all kinds ran in the woods, each with the owner's peculiar mark. Towns did not grow then as they do now in the west. In 1805, Geneseo had but a dozen houses. In 1793, De Boui, a Frenchman, built a log cabin on Wadsworth's flats, and lived a hermit, with but one companion, a slave. He had held a prominent position in St. Domingo, and when the revolution broke out there, came to America. In 1795, the Duke Liancourt found him a confirmed misanthrope. A word about John H. and Horatio Jones. The latter was taken prisoner, with Jasper Parish,j by the Indians. He was at Nunda with the Indians in 1788. They afterward gave him a large tl-act of land. west of the Genesee. In 1788, John H., joined his brother in Geneva, and in 1789, they lived in Phelps, Ontario County, coming to Geneseo in August of that year. Horatio was Indian interpreter, and one of most useful of the pioneers. He had great influence with the Indians. He married Miss Whitmore, with whom he was in captivity, and left a large family. It is to b|e regretted that more complete details of the militai-y histoiy of this county cannot be furnished. The events of the late war are so fresh in every mind, that if a perfect statement could be made, it would be simply what every one knows. No county contributed more liberally of men and money than Livingston. Nowhere did the people make 12 LIVINGSTON COUNTY. greater sacrifices. No troops were bravei- or performed more signal service. Honorable mention might be made of distin- guished names, but others, equally worthy, might be omitted, and it seems best to leave their record as it ii. Where every soldier was a hero, no one should be prelerred to others, even on the modest pages of this work. It will remain for the military historian to perpetuate the names and renown of those who went out to defend our homes, our country and our sacred cause. LIVINGSTON COUNTY. 13 TOWNS. ^^VOKT. Avon was formed in 1789, though settlements were com- menced in 1785. It was originally called Hartford. Rush was taken off in 1818. The principal part of the town consists of rolling or hilly uplands, the balance is Genesee flats. The highest point of land is Deming Hill. Conesus Creek empties into the Genesee, and is the only other stream of any note. The flats are very rich, alluvial soil ; the uplands are sand and gravel mixed with clay. The principal villages are Avon, East Avon and Littleville. The village of Avon is on the east bank of the Genesee, directly opposite the old Indian town of Cannewaugus, which was on the line of the old Indian trail from Canandaigua to Geneva. Ga-kwa-dia, (Hot Bread,) was the chief of this village when the early white settlements commenced. He was much respected by the pioneere. At the first town meeting in the District of Genesee, held at Canandaigua, the town officers besides John Ganson and David Bullen, already mentioned, were Gad Wadsworth, Nathan Perry, Amos Hall, Israel Stone, Edward Carney, Hill Carney, Jno. Ball, Isaiah Thompson, Benj. Gordon, John Lusk, Jasper Marvin and Moms Humphrey. They were dis- tributed over the entire settled parts of the county, west of the town of Pittsford, Mendon and Richmond. Gilbert R. Berry was 14 LIVINGSTON COUNTY. the first permanent settler in this town. lie built a log house west of the river, near the bridge ; opened an Indian trade; established a farm, and kept tavern. His widow succeeded him, and "Widow Berry's Tavern" became famous. Capt. John Gauson followed Mr. Berry as a pioneer. He was with Sullivan, and held a commission under him. He bought a fine tract of l&nd two miles below Avon, in 1789, and built a tub mill on the stream that empties into the river on the Markhara farm. It was the first mill in the Genesee Valley. The first buckwheat grown in the country, was brought by Jared Boughton, from Boughton Hill, Ontario County. Capt. Gansou afterward became widely known as a tavern keeper, near Le Roy. He had great influence over the Indians. The town of Avon was sold by Phelps and Gorham to Wadswoi-th, Lewis & Co., for Is 6d per acre,New York cun-ency. Dr. Hosmer and Maj. Thomi^son were among the proprietors. The former was a celebrated physician. He built the first house on the present site of Avon. The Indians named him " At-tta- gus," (healer of disease). He became first Judge of Ontario County. His pon, Geo. Hosmer, became an eminent lawyer, and the world will always honor the author of " Yonuondie." Col. Wm. Markham settled in Avon in 1790. Gad Wadsworth came in 1792. He was a cousin of James and William. In 1798 Jehiel Kelsey brought the first cargo of salt, by water from Onondaga. He paid a pound of pork for each bushel of salt, and sold it for $10 per barrel. The first school house was of logs, a little north of the Episcopal Church, and here the first meetings were held. Judge Hosmer reading the Episcopal service. Eev. Mr. Crane, and Rev'. Samuel J. Mills were early itinerant ministers. Pedie Joiner kept the first school, in 1792. The first church was 0];ganized 1795. It was Presbyterian. Rev. Daniel Thatcher was the first preacher. The town contains five churches, Baptist, Episcopal, Roman Catholic, and two Methodist. The first saw mill in town was built by Timothy Hosmer, lilVINaSTON COUNTY. 15 at Littleville, 1790, and the first grist mill, except the old " tub mill," by the Wadsworths, in 1792. A library was established at Avon in 1805. o ^^ LE ID o isr I^. This town was formed, March 30th, 1802, as Southampton. Its name was changed, April 4th, 180C. Part of York was taken off iu 1819. It is the northwest corner town. It is mostly level, stony in many places. Soil a clay loam, underlaid by limestone. There arc fine quarries of building stone and gypsum. Large quantities of lime are manufactured. Cale- donia plaster has an excellent reputation. Caledonia is the principal village ; is in the northern part of the town ; contains two churches, both Presbyterian, grist mill and saw mill, and tavern. Cannewaugus, in the southeast part of the town, con- tains five warehouses and a lumber yard It is a trading post. "Big Springs," or in the Indian dialect, "Gan-e-o-di-ya," (small, clear lake,)" cover about twenty acres, in the north part of the town. They were a favorite camping ground for the natives, and near by they licld war-dances, and burned their victims. The Council House of the Turtle tribe of Senecas was only a short distance. The " Springs" were full of brook trout. The water apparently rises from a great depth. The first settlement was by Peterson and Fuller, 1797. In 179S a party of Scotch oniigrantR from Porlhshirc came to America and in 179!) located at " IJig Springs." They became very prosperous, and their descendants own one of the finest tracts of country in the Union. The first church was organized iu 1805. The first settled preacher, Ilev. Alexander Denoon, was installed in 1808. The first death was that of John Mc- Lai-eu, in 1800 ; the first marriage, Ilines Chamberlain and 16 LIVINGSTON COUNTY. widow McLaren. Alex. McDonald kept the first store in 1799. Charles Williamson, for the Pulteny Land Company, built the first mill, 1801-2 ; Donald McKenzie erected the first woolen factory, 1821; Jeannette McDonald taught the first school near the "Springs" 1804. OOISTESUS. This is one of the eastern towns. It was formed in 1819, from Livonia and Groveland, and was first called Freeport, afterward Brownvijle. It was named Couesus, April 25th, ] 825. It is bounded on the east by Hemlock Lake, and on the west, partly by Conesus Lake. It is a hilly town. Marrowback Hills, in the west part, rise 1200 feet above Hemlock Lake. The B., N. Y. & E. R. R., passes through a narrow valley iu this town. Mill Creek is the principal stream. Soil, clay loam. Conesus Centre is the principal village. The first settler in this town was James Henderson, iu 1793, and Hecter McKay settled in the same year. The first store was kept by A. & G. Arnold, 1818. The first saw mill was built in 1803, or 1804. The Wndsworths built a mill of some sort in 1792, or 1793. First woolen factory, 1819, by Hosea Gilbert. The Wadsworths encamped at the foot of Conesus Lake, on their journey to Geneseo, in 1790. GJ-EKTESEO. This town was formed in 1789. It lies in the interior, a lit- tle north of the centre ; has an undulating surface, and toward the river on the west has an abrupt declivity of 2(To to 300 feet. Genesee River is its west boundary. Its fertile flats are about LIVINGSTON COTJNfy. 17 one-half mile wide. Fall Brook is the other principal stream. The soil is a rich loam. Geneseo is the only village of any im- portance. This place was originally called "Big Tree, from an immense oak tree on the river bank, the stump of which may now be seen in the Wadsworth grounds. Jennings and Noble settled here in 1788 or 1789. The Wadsworths came in 1790, and when they arrived Daniel Jennings was the only white man here. He was herdin^some cattle on the flats for Oliver Phelps, Horatio and John H. Jones had settled a few weeks before, on the otiier side of the river. In August of that year, 1790, the Wadsworth family, consisted of nine jiersons. There came before August, the family of William Ewing, a surveyor in the employ of Mr. Phelps, Nathan Fowler and Jeremiah Grego- ry. These were on the Indian lands, near the Jones'. The Jones', cart was the first wheel vehicle from Geneva, via. Can- andaigua and Avon. Horatio Jones built a comfortable block house that year. " Big Tree " was a considerablo Indian village on the bluff west of the river, now part of the Slocum farm. Ken-dc-wa (Big Tree) was the principal chief There was also a small village of Tuscaroras on the river, a little above Geneseo Bridge. " Oneida Town " was two miles below. Tliis village and the suri-oiinding country owe mucli of their prosperity and beauty to the Wadsworths and other early pi- oneers. Tliey saved the trees, and evej-ybody blesses them for it. No where on this continent are to be found finer oaks and elms than on Geneseo flats. It would be impossible to do justice to the early'settleilient of the town, or to give even the names of the most prominent pioneers; and we hope no one will feel neglected because his ancestors are not inentioned. "Old Bill" and his brother James were doubtless the most energetic of the people who first came, though others were equally valuable citizens. The Wadsworths enjoyed facilities for accumulating property which. 2 18 LIVINGSTON COUNTY. with their perseverance and abihty, enabled them to acquire immense estates au'd to do a vast amount of good— William as a farmer, and James as a legislator and man of business. They and all around them suffered from sickness, Indian depreda- tions, and all the trials incident to a new country. The old log house answered the Wadsworths until 1794, when they built a large block liouse where the old mansion now stands, and in 1804 erected the upright part of the present building. Samuel B. Walley, father of Mrs. Dudley Marvin, was their fii'st clerk. Joseph W. Lawrence was the ^irst blacksmith in Geneseo. Minor & Hall kept the first store in 1794, though Maj. Spencer was perhaps the heaviest early merchant. He came from East Haddam, Ct., and arrived on tlie Genesee in 1803, with his axe on his shoulder. He came to Geneseo in 1805. . In 1805 Geneseo village had but about a dozen dwellings. John Pierce had commenced making and selling hats. Dr. Sill was the early physician. Ashbel Atkins was the first tan- ner and shoemaker. The earliest religious meetings were held in the town house, which was also used as a school building. Rev. Joseph Lindsley was the fii-st resident clergyman. The village of Geneseo was incorpoi-ated in 1832. It con- tains the county buildings, five churches — Episcopal, Method- ist, Presbyterian, O. S., Presbyterian, N. S., and Roman Catho- lic, — and two Banks. Genesee Academy is located here. The population is about 2,500. O-PtOV^EL^KTID. This town was formed in 1781. Part of Conesus was taken oflf 1819 ; part of Sparta 185G. It is a central town. Surface somewhat hilly, except m the west part where are extensive flats, occupying nearly a quarter of the town. Soil on uplands LIVINGSTON COUNTV. 19 a clfiy loam, on the flats a licli alluvium. Cauaseraga aud Cosh- aqua creeks empty into the Genesee in the southwest corner of the town. Groveland Corners, Hunt's Corners and Groveland Centre, are the principal hamlets. There are two churches in town — Methodist and Presbyterian. In the southwest part is a Shaker settlement. They own about 2,000 acres, and are very thrifty. The town was settled under the auspices of Charles William- son in 1782. He built several houses in the northwest corner of the town, there located a small colony of Germans and called the place Williamsburg. Wm. Ewins, Wm. Lemon, John Ewart and W. Harris were among the first settlers. The first school was taught in 1783 by Samuel Murphy. Charles Scholl built the first mill, 1797 ; Wm. Lemon kept the first inn, 1795, and Alexander McDonald the first store in the same year. Williamson's German colony did not succeed, and William Fitzhugh and Charles Carroll purchased 1 2,000 acres in Grove- land and Sparta, including Williamsburg. Many of their de- scendents still live in Groveland. They were among the most prominent men in the Genesee country. LEIOESTEPL Was formed as Leister 1802. Name changed 1805. Mt. Morris taken off 1818, and part of York, 1819. Center town, west border. Undulating surface. Extensive flats on the east. Beard's creek flows through the town and Genesee river along the southern and eastern borders. Soil alluvial on the flats ; sand and clay loam on the uplands. The village of Moscow, near the centre, was incorporated 1850. Cuylerville was in- corporated 1848. Four churches in town — Baptist, Methodist, Presbyterian and Ref Presbyterian. 20 IirVINGSTON COUNTY. Tlie first settlers in this town was Ebcnczer Allan, about tlie close of the Revolution. He left soon after. Horatio and John II. Jones were the first permanent settlers in 1789. The first child born was James Jones, May 5, 1701. The first death was that of Mrs. Horatio Jones, June, 1792. Leonard Stimson kept the first inn, 1797, and opened the first store and blacksmith slioj) soon after. Ebeiiezer Allan built the first saw-mill in 1702. Noah Benton tlie first grist mill 1799. Beard's creek was named from Little Beard, an Indian chief, whose town was near Cuylerville. He assisted in the massacre of Lieut. Boyd. John H. Jones was the first Supervisor of Leicester, and was also presiding Judge of both Genesee and Livingston counties. He was 31 Buffalo when the only white inhahitant was Winney, a Butler Ranger, and the only resident besides Indians on the south shore of Lake Erie, was "Black Joe," a fugitive slave, at •the mouth of Cattaraugus Creek. Judge Phelps had a distillery at an early day, near Moscow: Augustus Porter, as agent of Phelps', laid out the village of Leicester in 1800, and named it from Phelps' oldest son, and also erected a saw mill on Beard's Creek, near Moscow. Dr. Paul Newcomb was the first physician. Col. Horsford taught a missionary school at an early day at Squakie Hill. The first town meeting was at the house of Joseph Smith. $100 were raised to pay " bounty on wolves and wild cats killed by white people." Angelica was set off from Leicester 1803. The village of Moscow was started 1812, under the auspices of S. .M Hopkins. Nicholas Ayrault was first merchant. Rev. Mr. Mason founded first Presbyterian church. The academy was founded 1817.,- Ogdcn.M. Willey was the first principal, and the Misses Raymond were assistants. Cuylerville sprung up after the completion of the Genesee Valley Canal, near the old site of Little Beard's Town. Wil- liam T. Cuyler was principally instrumental in its growth. LIVINGSTON COUNTY. 21 liim:^. This Town was originally formed as Chai'leston, January. 27, 1789. Its name was changed in 180G. It was also called "Miles' Gore," from Abrier Miles, who purchased part of it. It is the north-east town. Surface rolling. Soil excellent. It is a fine farming town. Lima is the principal village. It contains five churches ; Baptist, Methodist, Presbyterian, Episcopal and Roman Cath- olic. It has about 1,500 inhabitants. It is a beautiful village and is the seat of much learning. Genesee Wesleyan Semin- ary, formed 1830, is a very flourisliing institution, as is also Genesee College, formed in 1849. A fine farm is attached to the Schools. Paul Davison and Jonathan Gould were the first settlers. Their household was the only one west of East Bloomfield, in 1788. The first marriage was that of Simeon Gray and Pat- ty Alger, 1793. The first death, that of Mrs. Abbott, 1791. John Sabin taught the first school, 1792. Reuben Thayer kept the first Inn, 1793 ; Lyon & Adams the first store, 1794. Reu- ben Thayer built the first saw-mill, 1796, and Zebulon Norton the first grist mill, 1794. The first releigous society was organized in 1795 by Rev. Daniel Thatcher. Livoisri^. This town w^s formed from Pittstown, February 12, 1808. Part of Conesus and Hemlock Lakes are in the town. Soil clay loam, sand and gi-avel. Surface moderately hilly. ' Livonia Cen- tre and Hemlock Lake are the principal villages. This seems to be a town of churches, there being eight in all : two Baptist, two Methodist, two Presbyterian, one Christian, and one Roman Catholic. :.;*- 22 LIVINGSTON COUNTY. Solomon Woodi-uff was the first settler, 1792. Philip Wood ruff was the first child born, 1794. Dorias Peck taught the first school. Woodruff kept the first Inn, Isaac Bishop the first store. Mr. Higby built! the first saw-mill in 1795. Thomas Van Gossen built the first grist mill in 179C. :m:t. is/toplris. This town was formed April 17, 1818. Genesee river runs through it. The flats are remarkably fertile and the uplands are find land. Koshaqua Creek flows through the south-east corner. Part of Gardeau was in this town. Gardeau Reserva- tion was the residence of "The old White Woman." Mt. Mor- ris, the principal village, was incorporated in 1835. There are six churches in t6wn, — Baptist, Methodist, Episcopal, Free Methodist, Presbyterian and Roman Catholic. This is one of the oldest settled towns in the county. Eben- ezer Allan came in 1784 or '85. He was a very remarkable man, enterprising, daring, and somewhat of a Mormon. The place was originally called "Allan's Hill," afterwards it assumed its present name in honor of Robert Moms. Col. John Trum- bull once thought of making it his residence, and called it "Richmond Hill." Gen. Mills, Benj. W. Rogers, Isaac Bronson and Jesse Stan- ley, were early settlers, Ebenezer Allan built the first store in 1790, and brought his good§ from Philadelphia. Gen. i^ican Brooks bought part of Gardeau, and named it "Brooks' Grove." Gen. Mills at the age of seventeen, rented lands of the In- dians, and hired them to assist him in working it. He lived alone in a shanty at Mt. Morris. He purchased largely when the Mt. Morris tract came into market. The Indians called him " Sa-nem-ge-wa " (generous.) He was Supervisor of Mt. LIVINGSTON COUNTY. 23 Moms twenty years. Some of his family have furnished val- uable facts for this work. Charles Williamson, Robert Troup, Mr. Fitzsimmoiis, the Wadsworths, John Murray, and Sons, and others, were among the proprietors of the Mt. Morris tract of four thousand acres. John R. Murray, late of Murray Hill, owns one of the most beautiful residences in the country, is a grandson of John Murray. Tlie ijrincipal villages in this town are Mt. Morris, Tuscarora, Brooks' Grove, Ridge and River Road, Mt. Morris is a place of considerable trade-. It was incorporated May 2, 1835. It is situated at the terminus of the celebrated "High Banks," on the Genesee, and on the.G. V. Canal. The Genesee Valley Railroad terminates here. The village contains Furnaces, Mills, a Bank, Printing Offices, &c. A very fine Academy is located here. There are few villages which possess such fine soil and beautiful scenery as Mt. Morris. The " High Banks" of the Genesee are almost equal to the Palisades on the Hudson, and the flats are as fertile as the banks of the Nile. Squakie Hill was near Mt. Morris, and contained an Indian settlement, inhabited by natives captured by the Senecas from southern ti-ibes, and who had married Seneca women. "Tall Chief" and his people were at Mt. Morris. ISTOPITPI D^ISTSVILLE. This town was formed from Sparta Febrnai-y 27, 1846. In 1849 a part of Spai'ta was annexed. Surface hilly, some of the hills being 600 to 800 feet high. The hills are, however, mostly tillable. Soil clay, and gi-avely loam, and sandy loam. There are valuable quarries of building and flag stone in the townT 24 LIVINGSTON COUNTY. Dansville is the principal village. It was in(!brporatcd May 7, 1845, and is the terminus of the branch of the Genesee Val- ley Canal. Dansville Seminary is located here, also a fine Water Cure, under the charge of an able faculty. Dansville is a place of much business. The lumber trade alone, was for- merly immense, and there are many factories, mills and machine shops in town. Cornelius McCoy settled at Dansville in 1795. James Mc- Cnrdy came with him. Daniel P. Faul'^ner, Amariah Ham- mond and others came soon alter. Faulkner was known as " Captain Dan." hence the name, " BansviWe." \'Villiam Mc- Cartney and Mary McCurdy, were the first couple married. The first school was taught bj' Thomas McLain in 1798. Sam- uel Faulkner kept the first Inn, 1796, Capt. Dan the first store, 1797. David Schell built the first saw-mill in 1795, and grist mill in 1796. He was Charles "Williamson's mill-wright, and built the mills for the Pulteney estate. McCoy and McCurdy came from Painted Post. They pre- pared logs for a hoiiise and help came from Bath, Geneseo, Mt. Morris, with Indians from Squakie Hill and Gardean. Rev. Andrew Gray was the first established preacher, and founded the first church. Dr. James Faulkner was the first Justice of the Peace, James Porter the first blacksmith, Isaac Vandeventer the first tanner, Amariah Hammond the first su- pervisor, Israel Irwin the first postmaster. The town is watei'ed by Mill Creek, Stony Brook and the Canaseraga. The latter enters the valley through a narrow pass called " Pogs Hole." The scenery on the Canaseraga is very wild and romantic. ' Can-a-se-ra-ga, like all Indian names, is veiy suggestive, meaning " among the Slipery Elms." North Dansville contains eight cliurches : Baptist, Episcopal, English Cathohc, German Catholic, German Reformed, Lutli- cr.iu and Presbyterian. LIVINGSTON COUNTY. 25 3srxj]sriD.A.. This town was formed from Angelica, Allegany county, March 11, 1803. Portage was taken off in 1827. It is one of the southern towns, and is quite hilly, the highest point of land being 1,200 feet above the sea. Coshaqua Creek flows through the north-west part. Soil gravel, clay, and sandy loam. Stone I is quarried on some portions. There is a gas spring on lot 53 . Nunda village, on the Genesee Valley Canal, was incorpor- ' ated in 1839. Several kinds of manufacturing are can-ied on here. Nunda Station, Coopcrsville, and East Hill are the other principal points. Phineas Bates and Beech Elderkine made the first settle- ment. The first church was formed in 1809, Samuel Messen- ger being the first preacher. Alanson Hubbell kept the first Inn, in 1 820. Wm. P. Wilcox kept the first store. Willough- by Dorrell built the first saw-mill in 1818, and Swain & Jo.slyn the first grist mill in 1828. There are six churches iu town. Baptist, Episcopal, Presby- terian, Methodist, Universalist, and Roman Catholic. OSSI^^KT. This town was formed froni Angelica, Allegany County, March 11, 1808, and became part of Livingston county in 1856, It is one of the southern towns, and is a broken and hilly region, some of the hill-tops being 600 to 800 feet high. The princi- pal stream is Sugar Creek, which passes through the centre of the town. Soil, sandy loam on the hills, and gravelly loam in valleys. There is a small Gas Spring in the north-west part. The principal villages are Ossiau Centre and West View. 26 LIVINGSTON COTJNTY. The first settlement in this town was made at the Centre by Hon. Richard W., and James Porter in 1804. They came from New Jersey. The first church was formed September 29, 1818. There are two churches in town, Methodist and Presbyterian. Abraham Porter was the first child born, 1805. John CT-elsdn and Betsey Shay were the first couple married, 1816. John Turner was killed by the fall of a tree in 1807. This was the first death in the town. The first school was taught by Mr. Weston, in 1813-14. The first Inn was kept by Oliver Stacy in 1817. Daniel Canfield kept the first store in 1824. Nathan- iel Porter built the first saw-mill in 1800, and John Smith the first grist-mill in 1826. Phelps & Gorham sold the town of Ossian at an early day to Jeremiah Wadsworth, and he sold it to Robert Troup. FOr?,T^f^GI-E. Portage is one of the most picturesque towns in the county. It was formed from Nunda in 1827. It is the south-west cor- ner town. Surface hilly. Soil in the east part, clay loam, in the west, sandy loam. Genesee river forms the west boundary of the town. The banks are high, steep, and in many places per- pendicular. The three falls and the railroad bridge attract many visitors. There is a fine hotel on the hill, at the depot. The Genesee Valley canal passes through the town. Koshaqua Creek flows through the east part. Settlements commenced briskly in 1816 or '17, under the auspices of Col. George Williams, who was agent under Mr. Greig. Sanford Hunt came in 1817 or '18, and engaged in a large business. Among his sons was Hon. Washington Hunt. The name of the town means " canying place." LIVINGSTON COUNTY. 27 Horace .Miller tsmght the first school in 1817. Prosper Adams kept the first Inn, in the same year. The first Justice of the Peace was Nathaniel B. Nichols. Sanford Hunt kept the first store at what was then known at Koshaqua, now Hunt's Hollow, in 1818. There are two churches in town, Methodist and Presbyterian. The first church, Presbyterian, was formed at Hunt's Hol- low, 1820. SF^FLT^. This is one of the old towns, having been formed in January, 1789. Part of Springwater was taken off in 1816. West Sparta in 1846, and parts of North Dansville in 1846 and 1847. Part of Dansville, (Steuben county) was annexed in 1822. Part of Groveland, in 1856. Surface hilly, the highest summits being 1,000 feet high. Canaseraga Creek is on the west bor- der. Soil, gravelly loam on the hills, in the valleys some sand and clay. Sulphur and Gas springs near Scottsburgh, which is the principal village. North Sparta, and Reeds Corners are small places. The first settlement was in 1794, by Jesse Collar. He was from Pennsylvania, and settled near Scottsburgh. This place was named from two early settlers, Mathew and William Scott. ThomasBonahan taught the first school, in 1800. Dar- ling Havens kept the first Inn at North Sparta in 1800. Wil- liam D. McNair built the first mill in 1810. There are seven Churches in town, Baptist, Lutheran, two Methodist, two Presbyterian and German Reformed. 28 LIVINGSTON COUNTY. SFFLI ISr GI-"V^^ T E E,. This is the south-east town of tlie county. It originally formed part of Sparta and of Naples in Ontario county. It was formed in 181 G. The inlet of Hemlock Lake flows north through the town. Cohocton river rises in the south-east part of the town. The surface is very broken and some of the hills are 1000 feet high, Springwater and East Springwater are the principal places. There are four churches in this town: Christ- ian, two Methodist and one Presbyterian. The first settlement was made by Seth Knowles, in 1807. He was from Connecticut. The first death was that of Mrs. Benjanim Farnham, in 1813. The first school was taught by James Blake, in 1813. Hugh Wilson built the first grist-mill, in 1813 ; Samuel Hines the first saw-mill, in 1809. Hosea H. Grove kept the first store in 1815, and the same year Oliver Jennings ojiened the first inn. ^W^EST SF^PLT^. This town was formed from Sparta, in 1846. Surface hilly. Canaseraga Swamp in the north-east- part. In the northern part, soil clay loam; in the southern sandy loam. Butter Brook, near Byersville, has a fall of about sixty feet. Kysoi-ville, Union Corners, Byersville and Woodville are the principal places. Jeremiah Gregoi^ commenced settlement in 1795. Ebenezer Mc Master kept the first inn in 1820, at Kysorville. Jonathan Russell kept the first store at Union Corners in 1823. Benja- min Hungerford erected the first wool-carding and cloth-dress- ing mill in 1814, and Samuel Stoncr the first grist-mill in 1823. There are two churches in this town, both Methodist. LIVINGSTON COUNTY. 29 YOPLKl. This town was formed from Caledonia and Leicester in 1819. Part of Covington annexed in 1823. Undulating surface. Soil in centre and southern part a clay loam ; sandy and gravel- ly loam in north-eastern part. Brown's Creek and Galder's Creek flow through the town. The Genesee Valley canal also passes through the town. York Centre and Fowlerville are the principal villages. Several Scotch families settled in the town as early as 1800. Angus McKenzie was the first child born in the town. Nath- an Russ kept the first inn in 1817. Chandler Piersons the first store in 1816. The first grist-mill was built by Ralpli Brown in 1S18. There are eight churches in the town : Baptist, two Congre- gational, three Methodist, one United Presbyterian, one Re- formed Presbyterian. At Fowlerville all kinds of agricultural implements are man- ufactured in large quantities. Pifiardinia, on the canal, was named from Daniel Pifi'ard, an early settler. TOWN OP AVON. ^^voisr. The following residents of tlie town mail at Avon : of Avon reoeivc their ARMSTED, CYEUS II., harness maker. Armsted, Thos., carpenter and joiner. ABEL, WILLIAM, grocery and boardin^- hoiise. Albert, Henry, blacksmith. ANOTHY, JOSEPH, blacksmith. ABBEY. JOHN, farmer, 140. Banker, Archibald S.,.Jeases 200. BROOKS, DAVID, farmer,' 40. Brown, Frank L., prop. United States Ho- tel. BRISTOL, WILLIAM, prop. Union Sa- loon. BAKNARD, JOHN, farmer, 11. Brown, Daniel L., farmer. Barnard, Nelaon, farmer. BROWN, JAMES, farmer. Boarden, James, laborer. BENNETT, GEORGE, employe on R. R. Broth, Joseph. BARGAIN, JOHN, laborer. Bell, George, employe on R. R. BENNETT, GEORGE W., farmer, 80. BRISTOL, CHARLES J., painter. Bowers, Frederick, blacksmith. Beisser, Anton, employe on R. E. Brown, Thomas, farmer. BENNETT, CYEUS E., engineer. Brown, Fortune C, clergyman. BUELEIGH, JOHN L., insurance ag't. BAKER, L. Mrs. Bold, Thomas, blacksmith. BROTHERS, PATRICK, fanner, 42. BALEY, LAFAYETTE, fanner. BAILY, PAEMELIA Mrs., leases 50. BROWN, SYLVESTER M., laborer. BARBER, BLMERZY, farmer 4X. BRENAN, PATRICK, blacksmith. BARBER, AARON, Jr., farmer, 400. Barber, Aaron, farmer, 000. Comes, George, moulder. Comstock, Orvillo, farmer, 30. COLVIN, FRANK, boot .and shoe dealer. CHURCHILL, J. D,, grocery and saloon. Chase, Thomas C, leases 450. Chase, E. L., farmer. CHRISTY, THOMAS, farmer. Christy, Archibald, miller. Carrel, Eoger, lal)orer. Carnt, Peter, employe on E. E. CAINE, JOHN W., boot and shoo dealer. COUNEEN, JOHN, wagon maker. Calvert, William B., cabinet maker. COLE, GEOEGE II., farmer, 10. CARROLL, WILLIAM, painter. Colvin, John, farmer, Catney, Barnard, farmer. CONNOR, JOHN, carpenter and joiner. Cushin, John, employe on R. R. Coudron, Edward, emp.oye on E. E. CLARK, E. II., farmer. Clark, Henry, farmer. CLEVELAND, CALVIN, farmer. Clendening, William, leases 500. Clark, L. H., farmer, Ifl. CUTTLER, FRANCIS M., farmer, 40. CTJTLEE, GEORGE, farmer, 154*. CALVERT, JOHN G., mall carrier. Daily, Stephen, hotel keeper. Dunakin, Charles A., groceries, boots, shoes, &c. DEIESCOLL, THOMAS, laborer. DOWNING, ROBERT, farmer, 8. DOOER, GEORGE D., butcher. DOCKEY, DOMINICK, farmer, 7. DELANEY, DENNIS, employe on R. R. DOWNELLY, JOHN, laborer. DUFFY, HENRY W., shoe maker. DUTCHER, HENRY, carpenter & joiner. DUNAKIN, ANDREW, grocer. Dann, Amos, attorney. DRISKELL, EDWARD, laborer. DALY, PATRICK, farmer. DAY, CHARLES carpenter and joiner. 32 LITINGSTON OOUNTY BUSINESS DIKECTOEY. IMPORTANT TO APIARIANS ! Having purchased the riglit of the town of Avon and having the agency for other territory for the AMERICAN BEE HJVE ! I am prepared to furnish said hives to those who may mal^c application. I have also the BEE-KEEPER'S TEXT-BOOK, on sale. N. B.— All wishing a good and reliable hive will please give mo a call. D. D. SLATEE, AVON, N. Y. D. B. HENRY, M. D., ill m Residence 2 1-2 Miles South-east of Avon. MODELS! MODELS! The subscriber announces to the public that he is prepared to make ^LL KlIIsriDS OF" IvIOIDELS With neatness and despatch, upon reasonable terms. A. M. Lamb, Avon, N. Y. TOWN OP AVON. 33 DOUGHERTY, MICHAEL, employe on R. R. Davis, James Jr., farmer. DAVIS, JAMES, farmer. DUHN, JOHN P. farmer. Dunn, Jolin S. cooper. Denning, Andrea, farmer 400. DE REVERE, JOHN, farmer 161X. Dail, George, farmer 12. Douglas, Michael, farmer Danolds, Henry S. farmer, 162X Dana, Joseph A. farmer, IGO. EICHINGER, XAVBR, wagon maker EGGLESTON, Mrs.CLABINDA farmer 80 EGGLE8T0N, JOHN P. engineer Fay, S. G. saloon keeper. FEANS, EDWARD H. employe on R. R. Fredricks, George, hlaoksmith FOLLETT, GEORGE, carpenter & joiner PULLER, Mrs. L. M. P. farm, 11. GOULD, & LORD, bankers and insurance ag'ts. Gallup & Halford, merchants GRISWOLD, R. M. station baggage-mas- ter. GRAY, JOHN W.M.D. GRIPPITH, WILLIAM H. telegraph op- eratfir. GARRY, SARAH, farm 14. GILBERT, LEWIS P. employe on R. B. GUISE, GEPHARD, laborer Grnm, Joseph, employe on R. R. GILBERT, D. M. shoe maker. Gilbert, William L. carpenter and joiner. GEDDES, ALEXANDER laborer. GORDINIER, RUANY, weaver GOEDINTER, Mrs. E. HORNBECK, B. W., (with J. C. McKen- zie), dealers in groceries, provis- ions, vrines and liquors. HAILE, HANIBAL H., employe on R. R. ARMAN, WM.,mannfacture1Pof lile. H0VI:R, JOHN, laborer HAWTHORN, ROBERT H. blacksmith. HALE, HENRY S. engineer. HUMPHREY, JONAS, showman HOSMER, STEPHEN, malstor HARKN, PETER, laborer HOLLENBECK, Mrs. SOPHIA Hall, William E. farmer, 64. HUNTER, JOHN, farmer 8. HEURETHE, DENAS, leases 50 Hugal, Adolph, grain dealer Hoamer, James, farmer 30. 4 HENRY, DANIEL B. horse tamer. Hall, John T., farmer 42. Hillman, John D. farmer, 122. HlUman, Silas, farmer 320 Hayden, Joseph L. express ag't. ISHAM, ALFRED, hardware dealer Johnson, S. E. W., ticket agent Jones, John H. farmer, 62 JOYCE, MICHAEL, farmer Jon'es, Oliver C. clock tinker Johnson, Lester, farmer 280 Johnson, Lester Jr. farmer, 96 JOHNSON, WILLIAM W. farmer, 3X Johnson, Thomas, farmer JOHNSON, TIMOTHY b) barber Randall, David A, carpenter and joiner EELLY, MARTIN, farmer 6 Kavany, Patrick, farmer 5 KELLY, "JOHN, employe on R. R. Kellogg, Martin, merchant KNOWLES, JAMES & GEORGE farmers KINEY, RANDALL, laborer Kelley, John, farmer, 34 Kating, John E. farmer, 100 Kellen, Samuel, farmc|,' LEE, jpNA LYTH, FRANCIS, jr. manufacturer of tile LEWIS, EDWIN, farmer Lyop, Barnard, farmer Lyon, Patrick, laborer LYON, PRANK, employe on R. R. LAVERTY, JAMES, laborer LOONEY, Mrs. THOMAS farm, 10 Loftus, John, tailor LOFTUS, PATRICK, laborer Lacy, Daniel, farmer, 104 Leeigh, Patrick, laborer LAVERTY, JAJaES, farmers LEWIS, WILLIAM, employe on R. E. • Lusk, Patrick, laborer MILLER, GEORGE H. merchant^tailor MoKENZIE, J. C. (with B.W. Hornbeck.) MoKINNEY, HOLIDAY, clerk Marsh, John R. grain dealer Miner, William L. prop. Crony's Hall MONEY, THOMAS, employe on R. R. McHugh, James, grocer MoGovern, Charles, employe on R, R. Moore, Albert E. banker Morton, Mrs. John Magulre, WllUam post-master Martin, Marlah 34 TOWN OP AVON. John W. Grray, 91. D., PHYSICIAN AND SURGEON. Office at Residence, AVON, N. Y. VETERIISTARY PHYSICIAN AND SURGEON, Residence 3 1-2 Miles South-East of Avon. THE DECIMAL SYSTEM OP WEIGHTS AND MEASURES, As Avfhorized by Act of Congress — Approved July 28, 1866. STANDARDS. In eveiy system of Weights and Measures it is necessary to have what are called "Standards," as the pound, yard, gallon, &c., to be divided and multiplied into smaller and larger parts and denominations. The definition and construction of these Standards involve philosophical and scientific principles of a somewhat abstruse character, and are made and produced by the legislative department of the government. The nominal Standards in the new system are the Metek, the Are, the Liter, and the Gram. The only real Standard, the one by which all other standards are measured, and from which the system de- rives its name of " Metric," is the Meter. TO'WN OF AVON. 35 Miller, Jacob, employe on R. B. McHUOH, HUGH, farmer MoBEIDE, JOHN, farmer MATTHEWS, EZRA, farmer Mftrill, Reuben, cooper Mamte, Frederick W., blacksmltU McLangban, Patriclc, farmer, 96 Uoran, Edward, farmer 6 MoMAHEfB, JOHN, farmer 6 McCALLEY, HENRY, laborer MORA^, EDWARD, farmer 30 Nlsbet, William, druggist NOBLE, JOHN, blacksmith Nixon, Benjamin G. carpenter and joiner Nowlen, George, farmer 100 NEWTON, HENRY, blacksmith NORTHWAY, LUTHER, clergyman Pattc, William E., hotel keeper Price, E. M. cabinet manufacturer PROSOER, ZAOHUS, farmer PIERCE, WILLIAM H. farmer Peter, Ira B. engineer QUmN, PATRICK, railroader RODRIOK, JAMES R., restaurant ROOT, LYMAN, malster RUSSELL, WM. F. carpenter & joiner RAY, ADAM, blacksmith RUSSELL, WILLIAM A., teamster RIGGS, MERITT W., carpenter RADFORD, WILLIAM, leases 332 Rush, Andrew, leases 125 RUSH, EDWARD, farmer RICH, Mrs. HELLEN Reed, John, farmer 116 SWAN, GEORGE W., banker and ins. ag't. SEARCH, LOT, broom maker Sunderlin, John, farmer SMITH, SIMON, farmer SHERWOOD, HENRY, employe on R. R. Snyder, Reuben, carpenter and joiner Sabln, John, grocery Sullivan, Daniel, grocery SmONDS, CHARLES A., lumber and coal dealer SNIDER, PHILO, carpenter and joiner ' SNIDER, ARCHIBALD, carp, and joiner. Stowell, Horatio N., carpenter and joiner STOWELL, ORVILLE E., carp. A joiner. STONE, GEORGE, farmer Stroose, Samuel, furnace man STROUSB, EDWARD, blacksmith STENLEY, A. A., fanner Stevens, Edwin J., farmer Smith, Thomas, leases 310K STAPLEY, SEAMAN, farmer 25 Sceroh, William, farmer SACKETT, HOMER, leases 700 SWAN, J. A., clerk for Gould & Ford TIGHE, PATRICK, farmer THOMPSON, F. M., farmer 6 Tighe, Hugh, farmer 24 Turly, Martly, laborer T^IQHE, JOHN, laborer TURNEY, DANIEL, carpenter WELLS, GEORGE W., station agent WHITNEY, ROBERT B., express agent WILDER, CHARLES, barber Williams, John WHALEY, CHAfLES B., prop, of Avon Water Cure WIGGINS,FRANKLIK H. employe on ii.B. Welch, Arthur, employe on R. R. WALDO, REUBEN G., wagon maker Wright, Sears, farmer Wadsworth, Asahel, farmer 80 WADSWOBTH, HENRY, farmer 110 WEIL, ISAAC & BROTHERS, bowling and billiard haU Welch, Richard, engineer Winans, Theodore E., farmer 8 WINANS, HENRY, farmer WARREN, MARTHA A. WARD, WILLIAM, laborer Waterous, Charles L., farmer WATEROUS, SAMUEL, farmer 110 Wager, William, farmer lOO WARD,JOHN W., farmer Whitney, Mrs. C, farmer 45 Wright, Norman, farmer 35 Williams, Andrew, farmer 41 Wilbur, Jeptha, farmer 240 WILBUR, JEPTHA C, school teacher VAN ZANDT, JESSE, cabinet maker YERGER, JOHN, engineer . 36 DECIMAIi SYSTEM OF 'WEIGHTS AlTD MEASTJKES. THE METER Is used for all measures of length, distance, breadth, depth, heighth, &c., and was intended to be, and is very nearly, one ten-millionth of the distance on the earth's surface from the equator to the pole. It is about 39| inches, or 3 feet, 3 inches, and 3 eighths, and is to be substituted for the yard. THE ARE Is a surface whose side is ten Meters, and is equal to 100 square Meters or about 4 square rods. THE LITER Is the unit for measuring solids and capacity, and is equal to the contents of a cube whose edge is one-tenth of a meter. It is about equal to one quart, and is a standard in cubic, dry and liquid measurers. B^'A cubic Meter (or Kiloliter) is called a stere, and is also used as a standard in certain cubic measures. THE GRAM Is the unit of weight, and is the weight of a cube of pure Avater, each edge of the cube being one one-hundredth of a Meter. It is about equal to 15 j grains. It is intended as the- Standard in all weights, and with its divisions and multiples, to supersede the use of what are now called Avoirdupois, Apothe- caries and Troy weights. Each of the foregoing Standards is divided decimally, and larger units are also formed by multiples of 10, 100, &c. The successive subordinate parts are designated by the prefixes Deci, Centi and Milli ; the successive multiples by Deka, Hecto, Kilo and Myra ; each having its own numerical signification, as will be more clearly seen in the tables hereinafter given. The terms used may, at first sight, have a formidable appear- ance, seem difficult to pronounce, and to retain in memory, and to be, therefore objectionable ; but with a little attention and use, the apprehended difficulty will be found more apparent than real, as has been -abundantly proved by experience. The importance, also, of conformity in the use of commercial terms, laws OF AVON. 37 EAST AVON. Tbe following residents ot tbe town of Avon receive their mall at East Avon. Anderson, Erastns, farmer 196 Adams, Mrs. S. M, farmer 125 Beeman, A. P., farmer 46 BDCk, James M., farmer 336 Barber, H., farmer 100 Bristol, James L. farmer 96 Bristol, Albert G., farmer 136 Bryan, Amasa, farmer 233 , BEYAN, LYMAN H., farmer 233 BARNES, JAMES, wagon maker BBCKWITH, SEYMOUR, farmer 140 Beokwltb, Jeremiah, farmer 190 Brunson, Philander E., farmer 190 Bectwlth, Ebenezer, farmer BECKWITH, H., farmer Buck, Savld, farmer 130 Bancroft, David, farmer 125 CHAPPELL, SAMUEL, farmer, 213 Chappell, Norman, farmer 187 Chappell, WUllam, farmer 12 CORY, BENJAMIN, farmer 2 COSEOY, ROBERT, farmer 17 Clary, John (with J. Keating) farmer lOO CHAPPELL, MARTIN, farmer COTERT, JOHN M., farmer C00KIN6HAM, A. B. farmer 370 Chapell, Richard R. farmer Chapell, Mayron, farmer 119 Dlble, Isaac T. teamster DOVER, GEOEGE, gardner Dann, Flold, farmer 270 DAVIS, LEVI E., farmer Prasler, James, laborer GALLAGHER, JOHN, farmer 66 Green, Marcus L. harness maker Gilbert, Charles S., miller HOVEY, MAEVIN, farm* 186 HUESTIE, CHARLOTTE, farm 7 Harris, William J. farmer 191 HUTCHINSON, Mrs. EMILY Howard, X. G. farmer Hallnyn, Patrick, carpenter Jones, Mrs. Sarah JENKS, JAMES E. KEATING, JOHN (With J.ClaryjfarmerlOO KETCHUM, MARTIN, blacksmith KELLY, ANDREW, laborer KEITH, WATSON D. farmer 94 Landon, Cortey, farmer 103 Landon, Egbert, farmer 78 Laton, Mrs. L. farmer 48 Lines, Patrick LUCE, WILLIAM C. farmer LAMB, ABIRAM M. model maker and farmer 12 Mllllman, Kate, farm 5 Moon, Isaac, farmer 60 MORAN, PATRICK H. farmer 11 MARTIN, HENRY M. carpenter & joiner MoEVBRY, PATRICK J. farmer MARTIN, JAMES M. farmer O'Brlne, Michael, farmer 7 NICHOLS, JOHN, farmer Nichols, Smith S. fanner CO Newman, Isaac E. hotel keeper Plartln, Clarinda, farmer 40 Palmer, Gilbert T. general merchant PECK, ARCH, farmer 44 PIERSON, FEEDEEICK B. farmer 260 Eowley, David, farmer RATHBUEN, Mrs. AMY, farmer 66 RICK, EDWARD F. farmer 60 Rogers, David S. carpenter and joiner RYAN, MICHAEL, farmer 6X EATHBUN, AMBROSE, horse farrier Remington, Irving, farmer 60 Rowley, Edwin D. farmer 4 Stllson, Sherman, farmer 2K Smith Robert E. farmer 55 SLATEE, DAVID D. farmer 27 Sutton, John, horse dealer Sherman, Hi farmer 166 SPAEKS, LUTHEE, laborer Spencer, Henry S. carpenter SEAELES, DENNIS, moulder Sudberry, Mark, carpenter Seymour, Mrs. E. M. farm 70 Torrance, U. D. farmer 130 Talntor, Ealph S. farmer Tylor, Edward K. carpenter Talntor, Solomon, farmer 100 Torance, Charles, farmer THOMSON, L. S. farmer 136 THOMSON, A. L. farmer 32 THOMPSON, LYMAN W. farmer 20 WHALEY, Mrs. OEPHA, farmer 71 WEST, FEANK G. farmer 70 WHITMOEE, CLATON B. farmer 113^ WELLEE, WILLIAM, leases 226 38 DECIMAL SYSTEM OP WEIGHTS AND MEAST7BES. on the part of the United States, with the practice of the many nations in which the system, with its present nomenclature, has ah-eady been adopted, must greatly over-balance the compara- tively slight objection alluded to. TAJBLES : MONEY. OLD. NEW. 4 farthings make 1 penny. 12 pence " 1 shilling. 20 shillings " 1 pound. 10 mills make 1 cent. 10 cents " 1 dime. 10 dimes " 1 dollar. LONG AND CLOTH MEASURE— New. 10 millimeters make 1 centimeter. 10 centimeters " 1 decimeter. 10 decimeters " 1 meteb. 10 meters " 1 dekameter. 10 clekameters " -1 hectometer. 10 hectometers " 1 kilometer. \ 10 kilometers ' ' 1 myriameter. SQUARE MEASURE— New. 100 square millimeters make 1 square centimeter. 100 squai-e centimeters " 1 square decimeter. 100 square decimeters " 1 square meter or centaiui;. 100 centares i ' ■ 1 abe. 100 ares " 1 hectare. B@°"The denominations less the Are, including the Meter, are used in specifying the contents of surfaces of small extent ; the terms Cenlare, Are and Hectare, in expressing quantities of lands sui-veyed or measured. The above table may, however, be continued beyond the Meter, thus : 100 square meters make 1 square deckameter. 100 square dekameturs " 1 square hectometer. 100 square hectometers " 1 square kilometer. 100 square kilometers " 1 square myriameter. CUBIC MEASUBE-New. FOE SOLIDS. : 1000 cubic millimeters make 1 cubic centimeter. 1000 cubic centimeters ' " 1 cubic decimeter or liter. 1000 'cubic decimeters " 1 cubic meter or stere. 1000 cubic meters ' ' 1 cubic dekameter. 1000 cubic dekamcrs ' ' 1 cubic hectometer. 1000 cubic liectomotLTK " 1 cubic kilometer. ! 1000 cubic kilometers " 1 cubic myriameter. TOWN OF AVON. 39 Wiara, Mrs. M. manufacturer of agri- cultural Implements. Wara, Jolin W. farmer Wright, Mrs. C. farmer 140 WIARD, GEORGE, manufacturer of agri- cultural Implements. Wiara, Seth, farmer Weed, Joel, J. farmer WIARD, FRANK, farmer Wilbur, Stephen WILBUR, LORENZO, clerk Wlara, Henry, farmer 100 Wlara, Thomas, farmer 38 Wilbur, Ephraim, farmer, 280 WILBUR, CYRUS, farmer Williams, Katie, farm 5 HONEOYE FALLS. The following residents of the town of Avon receive their mall at Honeoye Falls, Monroe County. Brown, John, leases 400 Brown, Charles, farmer 14T LAKEVILLE. The following resiaents of the town of Avon receive their mail at LakeviUe. MORRISON, JAMES, leases 314 MILLER, AUSTIN L. farmer LIMA. The following resiaents of the town of Avon receive their mail at Lima : Brunson, B. K. farmer 190 Grouse, James H., farmer 167 HANCHBTT, DANIEL, farmer 238 Soulhwell, Frea H., leases lOO SOUTH LIMA. The following resiaents of the town of Avon receive their mail at South Lima. Bronson, Samuel C. farmer 90 CHAPPELL, WILLIAM T. leases 237 Davis, Mortimer, laborer GILBERT, GEORGE, farmer 28 Pease, Jonathan, G. farmer 170 Roe, Samnel T. farmer 197 SULSER, JOHN, farmer 26 Sharaiow, John C. farmer 140 TONG, PROCTOR, farmer THAYER, G. F. farmer THAYER, EMORY, farmer 100 WHITMORE, FRANCIS C. farmer 47 WOOD, SOLOMON, farmer 17% WELLBR, PHEBE farmer 49 SOUTH AVON. The following resiaents of the town of Avon receive their mall at South Avon: Adams, E. H. & M. farmers 300 Aaams, Ezekiel H. (E. H. & A. Aaams.). Adams, Mordecai ( E. H. & M. Adams.) Bason, Elisha, farmer Chedwick, Henry W. hotel keeper CurtLs, Josiah, paper manufacturer DAVIS, AMY Davis, Mortimer, laborer DRAKE, WILRIAM C, farmer, 130 DUNNE, PATRICK, laborer Edger, Arthur, laborer FITZGERLD, THOMAS, farmer 5 Fridd, Charles, farmer 225 Fridd, William, farmer 188 HOGMIRE, JONAS O., farmer ISO HOGMIRE," HANNAH, farmer 220 Hogmlre, Austin, farmer 160 KELLEY, PATRICK, laborer Kellogg, Prudence R. farmer 113 KELLOGG, FRANCIS, farmer 102 LISHTON, ROBERT, farmer 18 LOWRY, HENDERSON, farmer " Long, William, farmer 17Ji Norton, Ashael, farmer Pain, Mary, farmer 188 Person, Hiram, farmer-100 ROGERS, JOHN D., insurance ana farm- er 180 ROURK, DANIEL, laborer Stevens, Franklin, farmer 100 SAGE, CHARLES F., leases 113 WILSON, JOHN, farmer 300 40 DECamiAIi SISTEM 01" WEIGHTS AND MEASTJEES. FOB DBY Airo LIQUiO MEASUBES. 10 milliliters make 1 centiliter. 10 centiliters 1 deciliter. 10 deciliters ' 1 LITEB. 10 Uters 1 dekaliter. 10 dekaliters 1 hectoliter. 10 hectoliters 1 kiloliter. lOkUoliters " 1 myriaHter. oylindrioal jiTEE, the standard of Measures of Capacity, usually in a form, is equivalent to J, cubic Decimeter, or the one-thou- sandth par / of a cubic Meter, the contents of which are about one quart.] The Kiloliter, or Sterb, is a cubic Meter, and is used as a unit in measuring firewood and lumber. id deoisteres make 1 stere. 10 steres 1 deckaster. .ALL WEIGHTS— New. 10 miilligrams make 1 centigram. 10 centigrams 1 decigram. 10 decigrams 1 GBAM. 10 grams 1 deckagram. 10 deckagrams 1 hectogram. 10 hectograms 1 kilogram. 10 kilograms 1 myriagram. 10 myriagrams 1 quintal. 10 quintals 1 miUier or tonneau. PEONTJNCIATION OP TEEMS. IEIIM9. Meter, Millimeter, Centimeter, Decimeter, ; Dekameter,' Hectometer, Kilometer, Myriameter, Liter, Milliliter, Centiliter, Deciliter, Dekaliter, Hectoliter, Kiloliter, Myrialiter, ENGLISH. Mee-ter. MiU-e-mee-ter. Sent-e-mee-ter. Des-e-mee-ter. Dek-a-mee-ter. Hec-to- mee-ter. Kill-o-mee-ter. Mir-e-a-mee-ter. Li-ter. Mill-e-li-ter. Sent-e-li4er. Des-e-li-ter. Dek-a-li-ter. Hec-to-li-ter. ' Kill-o-li-ter. Mir-e-a-li-ter. TERMS. Stere, Are, Centare, Hectare, Gram, Milligram, Centigram, Decigram, Dekagram, Hectogram. Kilogram, Myriagram, Quintal, Millier, Tonneau, ' ENGLISH. Stare. Are. Sent-are. Hect-are. Gram. MiU-e-gram. Sent-e-gram. Des-e-gram. Dek-a-gram. Hec-to-gram. KiU-o-gram. Mir-e-argram. Quin-tal. MiU-i-er. Tun-no. TOWN OP CAIEDONIA. 41 O .A. LE ID O KT I uA^ . AVON. TUe loUowinB residents of the town or Caledonia receive tlicir mail at Avon : Lacy, Volney, farmer 300 CALEDONIA. The foUovring residents of the town of Caledonia receive their mail at Caledo- nia: Allen, Garret, manufacturer of grain cradles Ares, Horatio, laborer Adams, Henry E., tinsmith AWLE, ROBERT, shoemaker Surges, Charles and Elwood, general merchants Blakeslee, Mrs. Margaret, druggist Boilen, Frank, laborer Bollen, James, laborer Brown, Thos. H., carpenter BRADBURY, WM., weaver Blackman, Chas. W., manufacturer of grain cradles BALL, CHAS. A., blacksmithing Brady, Hugh, shoemaker Blakeslee, Mrs. Mary B., dressmaker Barber, Pomcroy J., manufacturer of malt and brewer Bowers, Benjamin L, railroad agent (Cal- edonia) BRADSURN, Mrs. ISABELLA. Boorman, Thos., house and sign painter Baattie, Mrs. Ann S., groceries Brown, Samuel, farmer 13 Burns, Patrick, farmer 3 5 Blair, John, laborer Bold, Samuel G., farmer 17 Brownell, Sylvester, dealer in sliecp, farmer 285 BARRON, WM., farmer 250 Campbell, Colin, harness maker CAMERON, CHAS. J., farmer 126 Ouningham, Patrick, laborer Caruthers, Wilson, laborer Cameron, Alexander J., fanner 8 Cameron, Mrs. C. Curphey, Wm. J., shoemaker and butcher Clark, Chas., carpenter Christie, John, carpenter Campbell, James, farmer 112 (lives on State Road) Campbell, John M., farmer 120 Callen, Lawrence, farmer 120 Campbell, Peter, farmer 95 Campbell, Malcolm M., farmer 132 Comor, James, laborer Campbell, Peter P. jr., farmer 127 Coffe, Patrick, with Phillip and James McGrovarn Campbell, Daniel J., farmer 123 CAMERON, CHAS. A., farmer 231 Cameron, Mrs. Mary W., farmer 140 Carlln, Mrs. Mary, farmer i^ Clark, Mrs. Mary H., dressmaker Cameron, Dugald E., farmer 250 Christie, Mrs. Margaret, fanner 97 Campbell, John M., farmer 105 Christie, Mrs. Jannet, seamstress Caton, Peter K., doctor Dean, Oriange, postmaster and farmer 375 Davis, Joel, stone mason Donohue, Joseph, laborer Denoon, Alex, and James, farmers 118 Dean, Martin, John and Orange, farmers 345 42 irVINGSTON COUNTY BUSINESS DniECTOEY. PLO^vV^S ! PLO^^V^S ! I liave on sale the Which, for Durability, Light Draft, Easy Management, and Superior Work, cannot be excelled by any Plow now in use. JOHN A. McCOLL, CALEDONIA, N. Y. Facts on Advertising. The advertisements in an ordinary number of the London Times exceed 2,500. The annual advertising bills of one Lon- don firm are said to amount to $200,000 ; and three others arc mentioned who each annually expend $50,000. The expense for advertising the eight editions of the " Encyclopoedia Brit- annia " is said to have been $15,000. In large cities nothing is more common than to see large business establishments, which seem to have an immense ad- vantage over all competitors, by the wealth, experience and prestige they have acquired, drop gradually out of public view, and be succeeded by firms of a smaller capital, more energy, and more determined to have the fact that they sell such and such commodities known from one end of the land to the other. In other words, the establishments advertise ; the old die of dignity. The former are ravenous to pass out of obscurity into publicity ; the latter believe that their publicity is so obvious that it cannot be obscured. The first understand that they must thrust themselves upon public attention, or be disregarded ; the second, having once obtained public attention, suppose they have arrested it permanently ; while, in fact, nothing is more characteristic of the world than the ease with which it forgets. TOWN OF CALEDONIA. 43 torn, Geo., laborer Malloch, Mrs. Margaret. Delbridge, Thos., sUoemaker and farmer McNugton, Mrs. Margaret 32 Mullin, Alex., laljorci- ESPIE, JAMES, farmer 149 Mullin, Patrick Esple, Robert, tarmer 125 Miller, Samuel, laborer EBtes, Edward, farmer 90 McKay, Mrs. Mordecai. FOOT, PROSPER P., Hotel keeper McNaughton, Peter, carpenter Frear, Mrs. Isabel. McNaughton, Mrs. R. W. Foraytli, Mrs. Catharine, store Moore, Geo. W., mannf. of grain cradles Farnliam, Joseph C, billiard room Mbore, Mrs. Margaret, milliner FERREN, OHAS. N., station agent and McLcean, Mrs. John telegraph operator McNaughton, JAMES, wagon maker FRASER, WM., E. R. R. clerk MENZIE, ROBERT J., physician Perrln & Fraser, dealers in coal, &c. McNab, James, farmer 105 Fraaer, Alex., farmer 160 McGrcgar, Daniel, wheelwright FERGUSON, ALEX., farmer 137 MOSS, JARED W., prop. Caledonia House Finch, Seely Mead, John, baggage master Fraser, James, farmer 125 Markhara, Rauson, manuf. of wopden Fraser, James J., farmer loo ware, pumps, horse and hand rakes. FELEY, WM. G., farmer 40 &c. Giles, Joseph W.. farmer 73 McKAY, JOHN, mLler and manuf. of Glasby, Patrick, farmerfl2 wooden ware, lumber, cider, &c.. Gordon, Angus, farmer 100 &c., farmer 150 Gordon, Alex., fanner 104, and leases 204 McKencie, Mrs. Hannah Gordon, Angus C, leases 205 McLane, Mary Gogerty, Thos., farmer 4 McKay, James B., rctered farmer, owns 70 Guthrie, Wm., farmer 200 McLachlon, Archibald, spoke factory Hamilton, Wm., produce dealer and farm- McLAREN, Rev. WM. S. er 75 McKay, John R., fai-mer 420 Haoket, Margaret McColl, John D., farmer 400 Hatch, Henry G., manuf. of grain cra- McColl, Dugald F., farmer 48 dles and farmer 110 McCOLL, AliSX. D., farmer 150 Hotchkin, Augustus McKenzie, John A., farmer 185 Haggart, Mrs. Catharine, farmer 150 McNaughton, Malcom, farmer 18!) HANNAH, JOHN W., agents for mowers McKenzie, Wm. S., millwright and farm- and reapers and horse rakes, farm- er 140 er 186 McColl, Duncan D., farmer 150 Hannah, Thomas R., retired farmer McLachlen, Daniel, farmer 150 HOSMER, JOHN E., farmer 183 McColl, Daniel, jr., farmer 100 Johnson, Miss B. J. McKenzie, Donald and Simon, farmers 188 JOHNSON, JAMES, laborer McVean, John C, farmer 250 Johnson, Lewis F., cariientcr McColl, Hugh D., farmer 480 Johnson, Samuel, farmer 20 McVean, Duncan D., farmer UO Kelloy, Denis MOOR, JAMES, leases 120 Kaleher, Patrick, laborer McGOVAEN, JAMES & PHILLIP, (with Keuish, John J., shoemaker Patrick Coffee,) farmers 180 LAWSON, DANIEL G., farmer 100 Mclntyre, John, farmer 140 Laidlow, Thos., butcher Mattason, Willard G., farmer 150 Lynch, Patrick, Ihrmer 11 McVean, James, farmer 102 Leathoi'scicb, David, farmer 04 McVean, Wallace W., laborer McLaren, Ecv. Malcolm N. Mc William, James, matting Malloy, Patrick, harness maker Mai lock, John, farmer 103 1 - - - 44 DISCOUNT AND PEEMTOM. Discount and Premiura. When a person buys an article for $1 00 — 20 per cent off, (or discount,) and sells it again for $1 00, he makes a profit of 25 per cent, on his investment. Thus : He pays 80 cents and sells for $1 00 — a gain of 20 cents, or 25 per cent, of 80 cents. And for any transaction where the sale or purchase of g,old, silver or currency is concerned, the following rules will apply in all cases : Rule 1st. — To find premium when discount is given : Multi- ply 100 by rate of discount and divide by 100, less rate of dis- count. Rule 2d. — To find discount when premium is given : Multi- ply the rate of interest by 100, and divide by 100, plus the I'ate of premium. Suppose A has $140 in currency, which he wishes to exchange for gold, when gold is 27 per cent, premium, how much gold should he receive ? In this case the premium is given, conse- quently we must find the discount on A's currency and subtract it from the $140, as per rule 2d, showing the discount to be a trifle more than 21 per cent., and that he should receive $110 60 in gold. 5 per cent, discount allows '\5l per cent, premium or profit. 1 A ei a cc fll ^' '' '' 15 " " " ^lli 20 " " " 25 " " " 25 " " " 33j " " 3Q (C fl CI *^3 " It II 40 •' " " G93 " " " 50 " " " 100 " " " A dagger (f) denotes the profits to be a fraction more than specified. A (*) denotes profits to be a fraction less than specified. TO^II OP CALEDONIA. 45 Jlcach, Wiululd S., leases ISO McHab, John, farmer IGO Masterton, Wm. E., fanner 14 McNaiighton, Donald, farmer 21)J McKonzio, Kenneth, farmer SO Mosier, Potter, farmer 50 McNAUGIITON. JOHN II., composer of masic and farmer 235 Maxwcll,'Wm., farmer 120 Maxwell, Wm. jr., farmer 1.30 McNangliton, Duncan, farmer l!)il McPcak, Cornelius Mcpherson, DANIEL, farmer 300 McNaughton, John, retired fanner NELSON, WM. C, carpenter and joiner Op:erman, John, laborer Orr, Collin, farmer 19 Purky, Jacob, laborer PRESTON, THOS., laborer PARKS, LUTHER, carpenter Place, Robert N., merchant Pervis, James, leases 250 Phorson, Alex. P.. stock dealer Eisdcn, Chas., merchant Reed, Peter, merchant Rogers, Patrick, farmer 10 Ritchie, Robert, farmer 240 Ronwick, Archibald, leases 3-1(1 Smith, Dnncan, blacksmith Scott, liobert W., shoemaker Sinclar, Miss Christina, tailoress Sulivan, Wm., laborer Smith, James, blacksmith STAUB, LORENZO, leady-madc clothing Stuart, John, blacksmith Stuart, Sarah, milliner Shink, John, leases 104 Simpson, Alex. P., farmer 75 Simpson, Jame.^, leases 120 Sinclair, James D., farmer 112 Sinclair, John, farmer SO Sinclair, Mrs. Maiy, fanner 120 Swanton, Robert, laborer Tygart, Wm., laborer THOMPSON, NEWTON, leases 179 Thompson, Geo. W., retired farmer, owns 17!» THOMPSON, DUGALD, farmer 105 WELLS, HARLOW W., physician and farmer 17, leases 230 Wilson, Mrs. Ann R., groceries Wilson, Robert, slioeinakcr Walker, John U., moulder V/atson, Miss Ann, dry goods and groce- ries Williams, Thomas, Edgar and Wm. J., groceries, provisions, &c. Walker, David, farmer 37 Wilson, James, farmer 10 Walker, Mrs. Jane R., farmer 110 Walker, David R., agent for Mrs. Jane K. Walker Weeks, James A., farmer 115 WALICER, JOHN W., farmer 113 WEEKS, ERASTUS and ISAAC, farmers 150 Watson, Robert, farmer 100 Williams, William, farmer 5 FOWLERVILLE. The following residents of the town of Caledonia receive their mail at Fowler- villc ; Brown, Thos., farmer 100 Christie, Chas.,' miller and fanner (Hugh Christie est.) 170 Calder, Robert, leases 100 Heath, Loreau, leases 100 LOWKY. WM. W., farmer 115 Page, Geo., miller LE HOY. The following residents of the town of Caledonia receive their mail at Le Roy, Genesee county : Carmichael, Daniel D., fanner 33 Carmichacl, John J., leases 140 Carmichael, Mrs. Mary, owns farm 140 Carmichacl, Jonas J., farmer 135 Hanlon, James H., farmer 106 Kecan, Thos., farmer SO McEvveu, Duncan, farmer 150 Mclntyre, John, farmer 50 Sinclai,r, Dnncan, farmer S3 1 4C TABLE OF WEIGHTS, AC. Table of V ACCOKD] STeights of Grain, Seeds, &C. NG TO THE I,AWS OF NEW YOHK. 1 Barley weighs 48 lbs. per bushel, Beans " 62 " Buckwheat " 48 " Clover seed " CO '• i Corn 58 " 1 Flaxseed* " 55 " I Oats 32 " ! Peas " CO " ". ' Potatoes " CO " Rye Timothy seed " 5G " 44 " Wheat GO « oiu weighs 50 lbs. per bushel. " *Flaxseed by oust 1 1 1 1 Capaci Tabular view of tl ty of Cisterns or Wells. in the clear le number of gallons contained between -the brick work for each ten inches in depth : DIAMETEB. GALLONS. DIAMETER. GALLONS. 2 feet equals 19 8 feet equals 313 2i 30 8^ 353 3 . 44 9 396 3i CO 9i 461 4 78 10 489 41 97 11 592 5 122 12 705 5} 148 13 827 C 176 14 959 Gi 207 15 1101 7 240 20 1958 7i 275 25 3059 MUMFOKD. The follo-n-ing residents of the town of Caledonia receive tlieir mail at Mmn- ford, Monroe county ; GKEEN, SETH, tvont ijond, flsh iiropn- gating, &c. UAEEISON, EDMUND, leases 53 SCOTTSVILLE. The following residents of the town of Caledonia receive their mail at Scotts- ville, Monroe county ; Endlong, Milton, leases 1,300 Burney, Thos., carpenter Cameron, James H., farmer 1S4 Cameron, Duncan, farmer llfi Cameron, Alexander, farmer 120 COX, DAEIUS, farmer 400 Campbell, Peter P., farmer aiO Estes, Alton, fanner 100 Estes, Eobert, fanner 100 IIALLOOK, ISAAC C, farmer 75 Hicks, Isaac, farmer 100 Mosicr, Ashley, leases 400 MAXWELL, JAMES A., farmer 200 McLean, John, leases 30 Euthcrford, Walter, farmer 130 Strong, Chas,, farmer 70 Shaw, Peter, farmer 70 Wells, James, farmer 10(1 WEST AVON. The following residents ol the town of Caledonia receive their mail at West Avon : Curtis, Wm. S. and Wm. O., lease GOO FELLOWS, JOHN, fanner 153 HOLLENBECK, JOHN, farmer GO IIOLLENBECK, LEWIS, farmer 00 HOLLENBECK, ANDREW, prop, of Ihe stallion Mayduko, farmer 280 Jenkins, Mrs. Ann, farmer OS Mosier, Nathaniel, farmer 181 McKenzle, Simon, farmer 330 MEAEE, WM., blacksmith McVean, Archibald, farmer 11 Murtlia, Thos., laborer Preston, Lyman O., grain dealer and farmer 4 STODDARD, JOHN, muuif. of brooms and farmer 17 SEARCH, THOS., grocer and produce dealer SEEGEANT, IIAEEISON, farmer IGG Simmons, Henry and Aaron, lease 07!) WUITMOEE, JAMES, carpenter 48 BKLLLLiVNT ■WHITEWASH. Brilliant Whitewd,sli. Many have heard of the brilliant stucco whitewash on the east end of the President's house at Washington. The follow- ing is a recipe for it ; it is gleaned from the National Intelli- gencer, with some additional improvements learned- by experience : Take half a bushel of nice unslacked lime, slack it with boiling water, cover it during the process to keep in the steam. Strain the liquid through a fine sieve or strainer, and add to it a peck of salt, previously well dissolved in hot water ; three pounds of ground rice, boiled to a thin paste, and stirred in boiling, hot ; half a pound of powdered Sjjanish whiting, and a pound of clean glue, which has been previously dissolved by soaking it well, and then hanging it over a slow fire, in a small kettle within a large one filled with water. Add five gallons of hot water to the mixture, stir it well, and let it stand a few days covered from the diit. It should be put on right hot ; for this purpose it can be kept in a kettle on a portable furnace. It is said that about a pint of this mixture will cover a square yard upon the outside of a house, if properly applied. Brushes more or less small may be used according to the neatness of the job required. It answers as well as oil paint for wood, brick or stone, and is cheaper. It retains its brilliancy for many years. There is nothing of the kind that will compare with it, either for inside or outside walls. Coloring matter may be put in and made of any shade you like. Spanish brown stin-ed in will make Ted pink, more or less deep according to the quantity. A delicate tinge of this is very pretty for inside walls. Pulverized common clay, well mixed with Spanish brown, makes a reddish stone color. Yel- low ochre stiiTed in makes yellow wash, but chrome goes fur- ther, and makes a color generally esteemed prettier. In all these cases the darkness of the shades, of course, is determined by the quantity of coloring used. It is difficult to make rules, because tastes are different. It would be best to ti'y experi- TOWN OF CONESUS. 49 OOISTESUS. CONESUS CENTRE. The following resldent3 of tue town of Conesns receive Hieir mail at Conesus Centre : ALGER, D. P., lioteLkeeper Austin, Potter, farmer 6 Annis, A. B., farmer 68 Acker, Jonatlian, farmer 28 ALGER, DEWITT C, farmer Allen, Matbew, farmer Acker, Wm., farmer 71 AJlcn, Gilbert, farmer 175 Allen, Cbas., fanner i Armstrong, Z. ARMSTRONG, ALBERT, farmer 118. Arnold, Gardner, farmer 390 Barnes, J. C postmaster and general mercliant Brown, E. A., boots and shoes Bailey, J., farmer 1 Baker, George, blacksmith 2 Bame3,JB[eman, farmer 18 BONNER, JULIANNA Bayles, R., farmer 700 BRDNSON, EDWIN, farmer 1 BAYLES, EDWIN M., farmer 200 BARNHART, JOSEPH, laborer Bonnor, James, fanner 51 Chapin, W., station agent Clemens, Bachael A., farmer 91 CHAPIN, O. W., R. R. agent, dealer in coal, plaster and Inmber CLARE, WM. M., carriage maker Chapin, J., lively and farmer 7 CLARK, JOHN F.'& E. W., merchants and custom millers Clark, Frank Clark, Daniel, fanner 71 Coe, Henry L., farmer 30 6 CLARK, LEWIS, hotel keeper Coe, Geo. F., farmer 180 Celeman, EUphalet, mason CarroU, L. W. COLE, GEO., carpenter and joiner COLE, WILLARD, hotel keeper, fishing tackle to let Coller, Alanson, farmer 4 Crego, C. M., farmer 118 Coe, A. D., farnjer 215 CHAPIN, 0. M., prop, round pie saloon, dealer in produce, and farmer 40 Converse, E. K., farmer 282 COMPTON, S., cooper and farmer 54 Coller, Jacob, farmer 83 demons, Geo. W., farmer demons, Maryam, farmer 38 CapbeU, S. G., farmer 154 CANFIELD, ISRAEL, farmer 160 Conley, James, mail carrier 1 CLEM0N8, T. A. COLLER, ADELINE M. Dart., J. M., merchant DE GBAW, T. F., farmer 150 DORKEB, GEO. W., farmer 70 DOTY, N. B., farmer Dunn, Wm., farmer 20 DANELS, G. J., farmer 3 Danels, M. S., farmer 20 Deniaton, John M., house and lot Fosdick, Benona, farmer 18 FARNSWOBTH, T. F., journeyman shoe- maker Foot, Franklin, farmer 280 Foster, D. M., farmer 30 * TENEGAN, JAMES, laborer Finigan, John, farmer 23 GILBERT, NELSON N., horse dealer and farmer 185 Gray, Jesse, farmer 108 GOULD, NORMAN H., farmer 17 50 CITIES, VliLAGES AND TOWNS. merits on a shingle, and let it dry. We have been told that green must not be mixed with lime. The lime destroys the color, and the color has an effect on the whitewash, which makes it crack and' peel. When wails have been badly smoked and you wish to have them a clean white, it is well to squeeze indigo plentifully through a bag into the water you use, before it is stirred in the whole mixture. If a larger quantity than five gallons be wanted, the same proportions should be observed. General Provisions CONCEnNING THE EUECTION AND ALTERATION OF COUNTIES, CITIES, VILLAGES AND TOWNS. [Titled, Chap. 2, Parilsi, Revised Slatuies.'] § 1. All persons intending to apply to the Legislature for the erection of a new county, or for the incorporation of a city or village, or for any alteration of the bounds of any county, city, or village, shall cause notice to be published of such intended application, as required by law,* and shall also procure an accu- rate survey and map of the territory described in such appli- cation. § 2. Such survey and map shall be duly verified by the oath of the siu-veyor making the same, and shall be laid before the Legislature before any such application shall be acted on. § 3. In case any law shall be passed by the Legislature pur- suant to such application, the aforesaid survey and map shall be filed in the ofiice of the [state engineer and surveyor] of this state. [FromVhap. 194, Laws of 1849.] § 1. The boards of supervisors of the several counties in this state, the county of New York excepted, at their annual mcct- *see chap. 7, first part R. S., title 3, sec. l. TOWN or CONESTJS. 51 Gilbert, Wm. H., farmer 110 Macomber, Simeon, fanner 60 GILBEET, JOEL, farmer 105 MAKING, SAfJUEL, carpenter ana farm- Gouia, Stephen, farmer 100 er 100 Gould, Chester, farmer MASTIN, CHAS. Goald, Wm., farmer McKalin, Samuel, farmer 60 Gray, Davia C, leases lio Nortlitup, Ansel, laborer Granger, Henry, farmer 60 PACK, JOHN F. 'lioemaKer GRAY, ARTHUR, farmer 88 i'artridge, D. & bon, farmers 84 Gray, Wm., farmer 128 PEKRINE, W. L., farmer 160 GRANGER, ELECTA M. POLEN, WM., carpenter GRINNELL, THOS. L., cooper Rolls, David, fanner 2 Griswoia, G., farmer 120 Ray, C. N., farmer 70 HITCHCOCK, B. ¥., farmer 150 KED.MOND, SAMUEL S., leases 56 mtclicocK, B. F., farmer 280 Richardson, Mrs. HOLMES, THOS., hop grower ana farm- RICHARDSON, L. B., stock dealer and er 1 farmer 72 HOGAN, JOHN, mason ROSS, JACOB S., harness maker HltcUcoclc, Solomon, farmer 470 ROMIG, DAVID, miller K HENRY, PHEBE A., talloress ana sew- ROURK, JOHN, farmer 15 ing machine agent RUNYAN, A., blacksmith and farmer6>< Holmes, Chas., laborer 1 Scott, Samuel J., physician Howcroft, Wm., farmer 65 Swift, Wm., laborer HALE, A. W., carpenter and farmer 26 STRAUB, FREDERICK, cabinet maker Hale, Marion, farmer l Stevens, Lucy M., farmer 94 HAKRISON, WM. H., leases 66 SPENCER, ISAAC, farmer HUBBARD, ORRIN, farmer 40 SHERWOOD, S. E., patent right dealer Inglow, John, farmer 15 and blacksmith INGELS, LUSINA J., farmer 70 Sliker, Samnel, farmer 104 Jenne, A., farmer 60 Spain, ThoB., farmer 10 Jerome, J. A., farmer 175 Spencer, Enon, laborer JEWELL, JOHN C, farmer Sherwood, Rensselaer, farmer 48 JEWELL, REUBIN, leases 80 SHAFER, GEO., laborer Johnson, I. Spencer, A., carriage maker JONES, WM., farmer 103 Sylvester, C, laborer KeUxman, Catherhie, farmer 26 SLICKER, WM., farmer 7K Lawn, Bemert SOPHIA, SPENCER Lewis, David U.,'farmer 1 Shafer, Phinoas, farmer 52 Losey, J. B., physician Spain, John, farmer 4 McNlch, Samnel, carpenter TRESCOTT, SOLOMON, hop glower and Magee, H., tailor farmer 200 MAGEE, JOHN, merchant tailor and TRESCOTT, DANIEL, farmer 1 sewing machine agent Thoi-p, S. M., lawyer, carpenter and Mofflt, John, farmer G farmer 8 McNich, R., farmer 1 THOMAS, EVAN, horae dealer and farm- McNlch, Allen, farmer 1 er 175 McNich, Hiram, carpenter TAYLOR, LEWIS, laborer McMILLEN. B. F. and R. F., farmers 776 Trcscott, Asa, farmer 226 MORRIS, D., farmer TINBROOK, HENRY, laborer MCNICH, HENRIETTA TRESCOTT, Mrs. L. A. Morris, S., farmer 115 VALLANCE, ELISHA, farmer 45 McArthur, Alex., farmer 221 Wilkerson, J. W., leases 280 McNICn, P., farmer 320 52 CITIES, VILLAGES AOT) TO'tt'KS. ing, shall have power, within their respective counties, by a vote of two-thirds of all the members elected, to divide or alter in its bounds any town, or erect a new town, — but they shall not make any alterations that shall place parts of the same town in more than one assembly district, — upon application to the board, as hereinafter provided, of at least twelve freeholders of each of the towns to be affected by the division, and upon being fur- nished with a map and survey of all the towns to be 'affected, showing the proposed alterations ; and if the application be granted, a copy of said map, with a certified statement of the action of said board thereunto annexed, shall be filed in the office of the secretary of state, and it shall be the duty of the secretary to cause the same to be printed with the laws of the next Legislature after such division takes place, and cause the same to be published in the same manner as other laws are published. § 2. Notice in writing of such intended application, sub- scribed by not less than twelve freeholders of the town or towns to be affected, shall be posted in five of the most public places in each of the towns to be affected thereby for four weeks next previous to such application to the board of supervisors, and a copy of such notice shall also be published for at least six weeks successively, immediately before the meeting of the board of supervisors at which the application is to be made, in all the newspapers printed in the county, not exceeding three in number. § 3. Wheneveiv the board of supervisors shall erect a new town in any county, they shall designate the name thereof, the time and place of holding the first annual town meeting therein, and three electors of such town, whose duty it shall be to pre- side at such meeting, appoint a clerk, open and keep the polls, and exercise tlie same powers as justices of the peace when presiding at town meetings, and in case any of the said electors " shall refuse or neglect to serve, the electors of said town, pres- ent at such meeting, shall have power to substitute some elector TOWN OP CONESUS. 53 Whitman, W. P., farmer 70 Webster, Lawrence, farmer 200 Wilber, E., farmer 75 Woodruff, Wayne J., farmer aio AVhite, 0., farmer 60 WHITE, HENRY W., farmer 50 WILDER, DANIEL, farmer iV4 WEBSTER, 0. D., cooperage and stock dealer WILHELM, WM. B., farmer Webster, Betsey, farmer 13 WHITMAN, PHILLIP, farmer 7 Webster, Wm., farmer 60 WHEATON, C. v., bouse and lot Yast, Jacob, farmer 6 CONESUS. The following residents of the town of Conesna receive their mail at Conesus : Alger, J. M., farmer 175 ALGER, J. D., farmer 170 Agan, Wm., farmer 12 BOYD, HIRAM, farmer 130 Bearss, L., laborer Breen, Geo., farmer Coe, Epbraim, farmer 12 Cole, Nathaniel, farmer no ClarK, E. W., farmer 175 Clark, Edward P., farmer 125 ClarK, Jothan jr., farmer 185 Clark, Jothan, farmer 160 Clark, E. W., farmer 260 COLEMAN, DAVID, hop grower and farmer 60 Grlffln T., farmer Gray, R., farmer Holmes, Edward, farmer 12 McVccar, John, farmer 48 Patterson, Robert, farmer 47 Rowland, J. H., postmaster SNYDER, L., merchant Slicker, John, farmer 100 Wilson, Wm., farmer HEMLOCK LAKE. The following residents of the town of Conesus receive their mall at Hemlock Lake : BAILEY, TIMOTHY, farmer 30 HOLMES, H, WM., farmer 12 INGLESBY, JOHN, laborer Lincoln, 0., farmer 30 MURPHY, MICHAEL, farmer 100 Powell, Tyler G., farmer ' Raymond, Moses, leases 300 Turner, Josiah H., farmer 126 LIVONIA centre: The following residents of the town of Conesus receive their mail at Livonia Centre : Cavnagb, John, farmer 65 KINNEY, JOHN and J., farmers 178 SCOTTSBURGII. The following residents of the town of Conesus receive their mall at Sootts- burgh : ALGER, WM. M., music teacher and dealer In musical Instruments, farmer 129 Alger, Elizabeth Alger, Geo., farmer Armstrong, P., farmer COLE, D. F., farmer 123 CONKLUJ, S., leases 176 Guldner, Martin v., farmer 50 Hubbard, Mrs., house and lot Havens, J. K., farmer 107 HALLS, ROBERT, farmer Morall, Hartman, farmer Morris, Wm, C, farmer 168 McNleh, Prisma, farmer 20 McNich, J., farmer 35 Magcc, Hugh T., farmer 60 Magee, Hugh, farmer 260 McNICn, J. C, farmer 97 McNICH, JOHN, farmer 47 Pickel, Elizabeth, farmer 100 54 CITIES, VHiliAGES AND TOWNS. of said town for each one so refusing or neglecting to serve. Notice of the time and place of such town meeting, signed by the chairman or clerk of the board of supervisors, shall be posted in four of the most public places in said town, by the persons so designated jto preside [at] such town meeting, at least fourteen days before holding the same. They shall .also fix the place for holding the first town meeting in the town or towns from which such new town shall be taken. But nothincf in this act shall affect the rights or abridge the term of office of any justice of the peace or other town officer in any such town, whose term of office has not expired, f OF Al'PI.ICATlONS TO THE I.EGISLATUEE. [Tille 3, CJiaj}. 7, Pari 1st, Bcvised Statutes.} § 1 . All persons applying to divide or alter the bounds of any county, city or village, or to erect any new county, or to incorporate a new city or village, and all persons applying for the removal of any court house, or the imposing of a tax for making or improving a road, or for any other local purpose, in any county where all or any of the inhabitants of such county are proposed to be taxed, shall give notice of such intended application by advertisement, to be published for at least six weeks successively immediately before such applicatifon, or be- fore the first day of the session at which the same is to be made, in a newspaper printed in the county, or in eacli of the counties where the objects of such application are intended to be car- ried into effect, and also, in case of intended application for the imposition of any tax as {^foresaid, in the state paper. 2. Every association intending to apply to the Legislature for an act of incorporation, and every oorppration intending to apply for an alteration, amendment or extension of its charter, shall cause the like notice of such application^ to be published TOWN OF CONEStrS. 55 PDRCHACB, CORIDON, farmer 20 SANBORN, JOSEPH, farmer 20 THomas, I. H., farmer 70 VANBCSKIRK, ISAAC, farmer 48K WILHELM, JOHN, farmer 298 Weeks, B. R., farmer SOUTH LIVONIA. The following residents of tHe town of Conesus receive their mall at South Li- vonia : Adanis, P. T., fanner 80 Blank, Chas., farmer 96 Hart, John, larmer ISO ifowlt, Robert, farmer 3 Hlllman, B. F., farmer 43 Hillman, B. L., farmer 125 Kuder, Andrew, farmer 166 Lanais,Wm., farmer 60 Nash, Glfford, farmer 67 Patterson, Theodore, farmer 118 PAYNE, WILBUR H., leases 125 Spencer, Henry, farmer 2% SPENCER, JOHN N. 56 CITIES, VILLAGES AND TOWNS. ill the state paper, and also in a newspaper printed in the county in which such corporation is intended to bo or shall liave been established. § 3. Eveiy person hereafter applying to the Legislature for a release of lands escheated to the state, shall give the like notice of such application in the county where such lands may be sit- uate, and in the state paper, as is required by the third title of the seventh chapter of the first part of the Revised Statutes. § 4. In all cases of applications to the Legislature for the passage of laws authorizing the construction of dams in or across the streams and waters of this state, which are by law public highways, like notices shall be given and published as are required to be given and published by the third title of the seventh chapter of the first part of the Revised Statutes in cases of application for acts of incorporation and in other cases therein specified. § 5. If no news paper be printed in a county in which any notice is required to be published, such notice shall be published in like manner in the place nearest thereto in which a newspa- per shall be printed. § 6. If the application be for an act of incorporation, the notice shall specify the amount of capital stock requisite to caiTy the objects of such incorporation into effect ; and if the application be for an alteration in any charter already granted, the notice shall state specifically the alteration intended to be applied for. Suffrage in Great Britain. — Suffrage in Great Britain is restricted to persons who occupy houses of the yearly value of ten pounds sterling ; and out of a population of 31,000,000, the voters number a little over a million and a quarter. At the last Presidential election our voters numbered over four mill- lions and a half ! TOWN OF GENESEO. 57 O-ElSrESEO. BAST GEOVELAND. The following residents of the town of Gcnesco receive their mail at East Groveland : BOOHER, HENRY, on Wadsworth farm 190 Britton, Theodore, farmer 6 Stapley, Humphrey, on Wadsworth land 172 Van Sickle, Daniel, farmer, leases 160 Walls, Charles, on Wadsworth farm TO Warren, Lucius, farmer 180 Warren, David, farmer 150 GENESEO. The following residents of the town of Gencseo receive their mail at Geneseo : Abbott & Sill, attorneys and counsellors at law. Main st. ABBOTT, A. J. (Abbott & Sill) Addams & Strang, attorneys and coun- sellors at law, 51 Main St., up stairs ADDAHS, JAMES B., district attorney, (Addams & Strang) ALVORD, DANIEL P., retired farmer. Elm St. ALLEN, HEZEKIAH, farm agent (Wads- worth est.,) 2d St. Armstrong, JcAn W., machinist AUSTIN, JAMES R., livery and exchange stables, rear American Hotel Austin, Miss Catharine M., music teacher, 2d St. AUSTIN, ZntRI H., house painter, 82 2d St. 7 American Hotel, James A. Hamilton, pro- prietor Angel, Benjamin F., farmer 350 Ayrault, Mrs. Bethiah, Main st. Armstrong, Cicero O., farmer 62 Armstrong, Aden, farmer 58 Armstrong, Harvey, farmer 72 Armstrong, Abel, fanner 65 Anderson, Thomas, laborer Aiken, William, on Wadsworth farm 200 Adams, John S., on Wadsworth farm 358 Armstrong, Charles, butcher and farmer 150 Ayrault, John, meat market and grocer, 48 Main St. BISHOP, JOHN F., dealer in dry goods, groceries, crockery, &c., 59 Main st. BACON, E. N. & CO., dealers in dry goods, trimmings, ladies' furs, &c., 61 Main St. Bacon, Elijah N. (E. N. Bacon & Co.) BARNEY, GEORGE W., Superintendent County Poor House Barney, George jr.. Assistant Superin- tendent of Almshouse Beckwith, Thomas D. Beckwith & Shepard, drugs, medicines, books, stationery, &c., 63 Main st. BEACH, OLMSTED & CO., dealers in dry goods, groceries, crockery, Ac, 71 Main st. Beach, Charles O. (Beach, Olmsted & Co.) Burt, F. N. & Co., dealers in drugs, gro- ceries, provisions, &c., 1 Exchange Block Burt, Frank N. (P. N. Burt & Co.) Birge, William H., dealer in dry goods, groceries, crockery, &t., Main st. Bostwick, Miss Emeline, dressmaker and tailoress, 7 Commercial st. BAIRD, S. M., confectionery and oyster saloon, 62 Main st. 58 LIVINGSTON COpNTY BUSINESS DIEECTOEY. LIVINGSTON REPUBLICAN MAIN ST., . G-ENESEO, N. Y. TKUiVtS OF FAPEE. \ One Copy, One Year, $2,00 In ClnbB of Ten, 1.50 THE REPUBLICAN BOOK a m ?mm\m mmrmm IS ONE OP THE MOST COMPLETE JOB OFFICES IN THE COOTTT. We are constantly making additions of New Type and other material, and our work will compare with any other done in this section, either in city or country. All work in this line, of whatever description, will be done neatly and teomptly, and at reasonable prices. Address A. TIFFANY NORTON, Proprietor, • GENESEO, N. Y. TOWN OP GENESEO. 59 Buttcrway, Andrew W., dealer iu fumi- tiu'c, 82 Main st. BOOTHE, JOHN E., luodiicc broker, Main st. Baker, Byron H., carriage maker BAKER, MERRITT H., Deputy Clerk Brodie, William A., bookkeeper BROWN, JOHN, laborer, Centre et. Breuer, George, carpenter and joiner. South St. BOW, ELISIIA, horse dealer. Main Bt. Butry, Wiljiam, laborer, North et. Bryan, Mrs. Nancy A. BOWDITCH, CHARLES I'., trustee of \V. W. Wadsworth est., res. 2d at. Bliss, Warren, farmer 5, leases 20, ad st. BRAGGINS. JOSEPH, moulder and farm- er 5 Butler, Frederick W., farmer 175 BLYTH, SAMUEL H., moulder, Main st. Bortlo, Robert, laborer BARCLAY, GEORGE P., machinist. Main st. \ Barrows, Parker, fanner T3 Beckwith, R., 2d st. Barrows, John P., leases 7.") Bums, Patrick, South St. Black, William, farmer llXi Bond, Mrs. Nelly. Main st, Blankinslip, P., blacksmith BERRY, ALONZp, carpenter and,ioiner, 29 2d St. BUTLER, EDWARD E., farmer 105 BOWGA, WILLIAM, leases 183 Bateman, Andrew, on Wadsworth farm 200 Bcgole, Mrs. Hannah, farmer 7 Birge, Hiram F., farmer 35 Bridges, Edward M. and George H., farm- ers 80 Bridges, Uzial, farmer 45 Bargon, Daniel, farmer Black, Jefferson, farmer 100 BUliLEY, WILLIAM, oh Wadsworth farm 185 BOYD, ROBERT, on Wadsworth farm 150 Bridgland, Vf illiam, laborer Burley, John, on Wadsworth farm 70 ■ Bigclow, Rcvilo, farmer 150 BIXBY, EZRA, farmer &5 Barret, John, fanner, leases 337 Barret, William, Rush Meadow farm 23(> Blinco, Thomijs CLEMENT, JAMES W., editor and pro- prietor Genesee Valley Herald, 53 Main st. CONE, EPHRAIM, banker. Main st. CROCKER, J. MILTON, dentist, over 57 Main st. Craig, John, physician, South Centre st. Cole, Andrew, clerk Clement, Mrs. J. W., millinery. Main St. Cliamp, William A. (Jones & Champ) CURTIS, AUGUSTUS A., County Clerk CHASE, ENOS G., physician, OS Main st. COLT. HENRY V., lawyer, Main st. CHASE, JOHN A., dentist and life insur- ance agent, 45 Main St., up stairs Cole, Edward C, (Dodge &Cole) Costigan, Michael W., carriage irouer CURTIS, E. P., farm agent for Wads- worth est. CLARK, HENRY W., (^tre st. Ciystol, Patrick, laborer. Centre st. CHURCH, Mrs. ELIZABETH, Elm st. CHAMP, RICHARD, mason, 2d st. Conway, John Cone, J., farmer (Jdlins, Daniel, laborer Clancy, John, laborer Cottrell, Dennis, teamster Carragher, Patrick, shoemaker. Main st. Crook, Andrew (Jenkins, Crook & Met- calf) Conway, Michael, mason Connor, James, moulder Clark, Mrs. Mary J. Caulkins, John J., cooper Curtis, Grandison, mason Curry, James, dealer in boots and shoes. Main St., owns farm 24 Caracy, James, farmer 10 CARSON, WILLIAM, leases 190 Costigan, Michael, farmer 11 Clark, Christopher, farmer 300 Clark, Hodman, laborer CLARK, JAMES, farmer 193 Clark, James H., lea^s 193 Clapper, Jacob, firmer 85 Carr, John, ftirmcr S!>)i Carr, William, farmer 35Ki leases 40 Castclo, John, farmer 11 CARSON, JAMES & ROBERT, farmers, lease 2.'i0 60 LIVINGSTON COtTNTSr BUSINESS DnffiCTOEY. ©iUfii^ii \^^LLiY HliK^L© BOOK AND JOB FEINTING OFFICE. MAIN STREET, GENESEO, N. Y. The subscriber is prepared to do all kinds of Job Pbinting on short notice. HIS MATERIAL IS ALL NEW, and he feels confident of giving satisfaction to all who may favor him with their patronage, both as to style and prices. Office, in Robinson's Brick Block, (Over N. W. Rose's Clothing Store.) J. W, CLEMENT. Geneseo, 1868. TOWN OF GENESEO. 61 Games, William, farmer 10 CULLY, KOBERT jr, fanner 107 Crosaett, John, farmer 230 CULLEY, SAMUEL, farmer 50 Carlton, Eerry E., leases 63 Curtis, E., farmer DODGE & COLE, general hardware deal- ers, 5 Commercial Block Dodge, Horace (Dodge & Cole) Doyle, Thomas (Maggs & Doyle) Doty, William & Charles P., dry goods and groceries. Main st. Dodge, Allen C, boots and shoes, 66 Main DECKER, E. D., flonr and feed. Main st. Decker, Morris, carpenter and joiner DAVISON, JOHN, jeweler and agent for Morton's gold pens, 36 Main st. DICKEY, JOHN P., gardener, South st. Davison, Martha J., 2d St. DOLAN, JAMES,blacksmith, North 2d st. Decker, Mrs. Elizabeth, milliner Dale, Mrs. C. Deuire, Timothy, laborer DENNIS, JOHN, mason. Spring st. Darling, Davis & Son, farmers 80 Darling, Davis, (Davis Darling & Son,) termor Sn% Darling, Kiley, (Davis Darling & Son,) farmer 4 Darby, Patrick, farmer 6 Darby, James, farmer 10 Dieffenbacher, Leonard, farmer 45 Duff, William, farmer 20 . Donoghae, Francis, leases 150 Dunaven, Michael, farmer 10 DIEFFENBACHER, FLOKUS, carpenter and joiner Devhanty, Thomas Ensign, Evans, machinist Ensign, Evans C, macliinist Eastwood, John, mlUer EGAN, JOHN, farmer 6 Ewart, Elizabeth, fanner 100 Flnley & Co., machine shop, Main st. Fogg, Samnel C, foreman Livingston Republican Ferguson, Samuel, carriag^jnaker Flnley, Samuel, farmer 350 French & Wilson, house, sign and orna- mental painters, 2d St. French, Alonzo, (French & Wilson,) 2d st. FOLSOM, Rev. GEORGE P., Presbyterian clergyman Fish, Eldridge, carpenter and joiner Fish, John C, pattern maker, Main st. Freeman & Rockafellowj brick and tile manufacturers Freeman, Theodore (Freeman !c Rocka- fellow) Fowler, AmoB, retired Fox, John, cabinet maker Fish, Hugh, laborer Ferol, Patrick, mason Farman, Abram W., turner and engineer FREEMAN, EDWARD (Gilmore & Free- man) FULTON, AARON, leases 58 FLINT, RICHARD, laborer Flint, John, farmer 12 F0LMS3EE, AARON, on Wadsworth farm 100 Fox, Cyrus C, on Wadsworth farm 200 Fonsbee, Daniel, farmer 4 Foresythe, Henry, leases 350 FRIDD, GEORGE, farmer 130 Genesee Valley National Bank, cash cap- ital $150,000 ; D. H. Fitzhugb, Pres- ident; James S. Orton, cashier; Theo. F. Olmsted, teller and book- keeper ' Geneseo Academy, Rev. I. Jones, A. M., Principal ; Mrs. M. A. Jones, Pre- Genesee Valley Herald, James W. Cle- ment, editor and proprietor Globe Hotel, Irovement, at least an exaggeration of our new mode of discipline ; for in passing the schools the children might be heard to read all at once, and so loud as almost to deafen the auditor. Besides reading, writing and ciphering, they are taught geo: graphy, the history of their own country, and, when they are old enough, the art of war. And, what is of equal importance, their teachers understand how to inspire them with fiatience, modesty and politeness, virtues which the Japanese possess in so remarkable a degree that in self-possession, firmness under the greatest reverses of iortune, fortitude and patience in all trials, they excel the boasted stoicism of the ancients. Golownin says that in respect to the degree of knowledge to be found among the people, comparing one nation with another, the Japanese are the most enlightened people in the world. Every Japanese is able to read and write, and knows the laws of his country, which are seldom changed, and the most impor- tant of which are publicly exposed on large tables in the towns and villages, in the public squares and other places. In agri- culture, horticulture, the chase, the manufacture of silk and woollen stuffs, of porcelain and varnished goods, and in the polishing of metals, they are not at all inferior to the Europeans. They are well acquainted with the art of mining, and under- stand how to make several works in metal. In the art of cabi- net-making and turning they are perfect masters ; they are, be- sides, admirably skilled in the manufacture of all articles be- longing to domestic economy. What knowledge can be more useful to the common people 1 The arts and sciences, indeed, have attained a higher degree of elevation in Europe, which has many men who can measure the orbits of the heavenly bodies. Such men cannot be found in Japan. But on the TOWN OF GENESEO. 71 Owen, David D., leases 187 Pease, William, fanner SO PEASE, EMERSOH J., produce dealer and farmer, leases 50 PHELPS, BENJAMIN, farmer Pierce, Mrs. Ann, farmer 5 Ryers, John J,, farmer 170 BILEY, KICHARD A., farmer 133 ROE, CHARLES J., leases lOl'A SHERWOOD, CLARK, agent for mowers and reapers and farmer 100 Sleegs, William, farmer 150 Thayer, Jesse, farmer 3 Woodmff, Collins, farmer 117 Woodruff, Orlando S., farmer 70 Woodruff, Henry A., farmer Wattles, William P., sckool teacher and farmer 21 WTNN, BENJAMIN T., farmer 105)^ Wynn, Jonathan, farmer 153 SOUT.H AVON. The following residents of the town of Gencseo receive their mall at South Avon : BIRGE, WILLIAM H., cattle dealer and farmer 70 Barrows, W. Henry, farmer loo Fridd, K., on Wadswcrth farm 150 HEATH, ROBERT, farmer 22 HAWLEY, EDWAED, on Wadsworth farm 283 Long, William, farmer 18 MILLIMAN, GEORGE and THOMAS E., fanners 107, lease 100 MATHER, JOHN C, farmer 120 Orton, C. R., farmer 6 Parker, James, laborer 72 FACTS IN AGEICUITTIRAL CHEMISTEY. other hand, for one such in Europe there are thousands, even in France and England, who are unacquainted with every ele- ment of knowledge. Great mathematicians, astronomers, chemists, jjhysicians, &c., do not make a nation, and their great- ness in Europe is in marked and disgraceful contrast to the general ignorance. Golownin asserts that the Japanese, generally, have more' correct ideas than the lower classes in Europe. He gives an example. A common soldier, one of the guard over his party, one day took a tea cup, pointed to it, and asked him if he knew that the earth was round, and that Europe and Japan lay in such and such a situation in respect to each other, pointing out at the same time the respective situation of the two countries on the cup. Several other soldiers showed him geometrical figures, and inquired if such methods of measuring and divid- ing the earth were familiar to him. We regret that the travelers who have so minutely described the scenes and incidents which come under the most superficial ' observation, and which form the staple of most books of travel, have made so little inquiry and given such meagre information concerning a system of primary and public instruction which has diffused knowledge throughout this great empire, and en- titled it to the credit of being called the most enlightened peo- ple in the world. Pacts in Agricultural Chemistry. The following tabular statements of results of agricultural and chemical investigations are presented in the belief that they may prove useful to the American farmer as matters of refer- ence and comparison. They have been collected with great care by Mr. Emil Wolff, Doctor of Analytical and Agricultural Chemistry at the Agricultural Academy of Hohenhcim, from TOWN OF GEOVELAND. 73 a-PLOVEL^IsTID. CONESUS CENTRE. Gray, David, farmer 182 Gardner, Miss Wealthy, farmer U}i GRAY, RICHARD, farmer 113 Tlie following residents of the town of Oro veland receive tUelr mail at Coneans GANNON, MATILDA Centre : Ganon, Catherine, farmer 2}i Harwood, Rufus Cole, John M. S., farmer 45 Hunt, E., farmer 115 JACKSON, Dr. JAMES C, physician in HAVENS, JOHN W., hop grower and chief of Our Home on the Hillside, farmer 11 DanaviUe, N. Y. Heath, Joseph, carpenter IK HANN, DAVID R., blacksmith 2)i HARRISON, JAMES B., breeder of meri- no sheep, farmer 49 EAST GROVELAND. Harrison, Abraham, farmer 104 JOHNSON, RICHARD, farmer 240 Johnston, Ellas, farmer 30 The following residents of the town of Johnson, Frances, farmer lOO Groveland receive their mall at East Jack, James, farmer 106 Groveland : Kelley, Miss Sarah, farmer 2 Boyd, James, farmer 124 KELLY, JOHN A., farmer 150 Boyd, Andrew, farmer 137 KELLY, GEO. W., farmer 190 BESS, WM., farmer 2 Kelly, Hugh, farmer 74K BARBER, JESSE 2d, farmer 6 Lee, David R., farmer 30 Barber, Isaac, farmer 1 LOGAN, EDWARD, farmer 175 , Benway, Peter, boots and shoes 6 MUNN, JOHN, mason 6 BARBER, WM. 2d, farmer 50 Magee, Henry, farmer 120 i BENNITT, SAMUEL M., farmer 175 Norris, Edward, farmer 11 Boyd, Thos., farmer 5 OGDEN, JENSriNGS, breeder of merino BARBER, FRANK, farmer sheep, hop grower and farmer 168 Clapp, Lowell C, farmer 150 Parks, Edward, farmer 82% Craln, Andrew, laborer Palmer, Augustus, farmer 200 CULBERTSON, NAUCY, farmer 335 Robbins, Hiram, laborer Chase, Rev. L. D., 5 acres Ransom, Hiram, farmer 8 Culbertson, Samuel, farmer 94 SNATH, Wm. T., carpenter CURTIS, WM. T., dealer in Spanish meri- SICKLEY, JOHN W., farmer 225 no sheep and Durham cattle, farm- SAXTON, CHAS., breeder of pure Span- er 200 ish merino sheep, farmer 137>^ EWART, GEO. S., dealer in Spanish me- Snath, Daniel, farmer 55 rino sheep and Durham cattle. Teter, Wm., house and lot farmer 200 VANVALKENBURQH, EDWARD, farm- Ewart, Harvey, farmer 183 9 er 74 74 PACTS IN AGEICULTUBAIi CHBMISTKT. the results of the several experiments carried out at the various experimental stations (model agricultural and experimental farms) in Germany, and recently published by him in Berlin : Vai.ue of Mandkes, established by averaging the combined results of experimental stations, according to Emil Wolff, " Reports on Agriculture, 1866." KINDS OF MANUEE. Stable manure Horse-dung, fresh, Sheep-dung, fresh, Hog's-dung, fresh, Cow's-dung, fresh, Human, solid liquid, Best poudrette, condensed by fresh lime Fowl's-dung, dry, fresh', Liquid blood, Prepared blood, manufact'd. Peruvian guano, Oil cake Bone dust Steamed bone dust, Dissolved bones, Choi saltpetre, Sulphate of ammonia, p EKCENTAGE OP — \ ^ Per cent. absorbed ? % ;? J? in vege- r s '1 o % 2 1 S H tation. en ct- g K- =-< H '< ■ a (t) n § : ^ ^ % % 5 0.4 0.25 to 33 7 24,000 33 34 7 5 0.7 0.3 2.0 15,000 50 35 15 6 7 0.9 0.4 2.0 10,000 45 35 20 8 5 0.3 0.2 0.7 30,000 30 35 35 8 0.35 0.2 0.9 27,000 25 40 35 7 4 1.0 1.2 1.0 4,500 75 15 10 9 6 1.0 0.2 0.5 3,000 100 . , 1 5 3.0 4.0 3.0 1,100 65 25 io 1 510.0 12.0 8.0 300 65 25 10 1 8.0 6.0 5.0 450 70 20 10 6 2 3.0 2.0 2.0 1,500 75 15 10 8 3.2 0.5 1.0 900 100 1 510.0 8.0 5.0 300 80 20 1 2 12.5 10.0 3.0 230 60 25 is 1 4 4.5 2.0 1.5 750 65 25 10 1 2 5.0 23.0 200 30 35 35 ] 2 4.5 24.0 360 50 30 20 ] 2 3.0 17.0 240 75 15 10 216.0 75 109 3 21.0 65 100 100 150 170 75 90 300 300 1,000 5,000 2,400 800 1,000 4,500 6,500 1,850 3,250 4,000 4,000 8,000 9,000 Amount of dung in: proportion of food consumed. It has been established by accurate observations that about one-half (by weight) of all the di-y matter (absolutely free from water) consumed as food, is deposited in the form of dung of animals: TOWN OP GKOYELAND. 75 Van Valkenburgh, E. C, farmer 3 Harvey, Harris C, blacksmith, house and Tan Antwerp, J. P., blacksmith lot Whltbeck, V. P., farmer 67 Harrison, Geo. W., farmer 13 , WARD, JAMES, carriage maker and Hendcrshott, A., carriage maker farmer 84 HENDERSHOTT, JOSEPH, leases 140 WWte, Henry L., farmer 68 Hendershott, Chas., farmer 137 White, Joseph E., farmer 180 Hendershott, Sarah, farmer 18 Worthington, Jonathan, farmer 75 HENDERSHOTT, SARAH J. Wise, Lydia, farmer 7 HARRISON, HENRY, canvassing agent Weeks, Wm. H., boots and shoes Johnson, Mrs. Catharine, farmer 18 Kuder, Geo., leases 150 Kelly, Michael R., farmer 146 Lnckenbach, Adam, cabinet maker Lattimer, Mrs., farmer 70 GEOVELANND. Mate, Ricsard, blacksmith, fanner 10 MAGEE, JOHN, general stock dealer. The following residents of the town of Groveland receive their mail at Grove- farmer 650 Magee, John P., farmer 70 Mills, Wm. A., farmer 20 land: PEASE, WM. W., Postmaster Ayres, Denton, leases 80 ^ Potter, Philip, leases 150 Aten, Wm., farmer BO Parker, Miss Catherine, farmer 140 AKNEE, ADDI, leases aiS Rittenhouse, John E., leases 85 Aten, John, farmer 10 SMITH, HANNAH, farmer 21 Arner, Enofe, farmer 152 Sickley, G. and A., farmers 82 Bailey, Sylvester, fanner 70 SERVICE, JOHN, blacksmith and farmer BAKER, JOHN C, farmer 6 Bigelow, Grimes, farmer 136 SNIDER, HENRY, farmer 93 Benway, F. and D., farmers 176 Slack, Isaac S., fanner 90 BRADLEY, LYMAN J., laborer Sterper, David, farmer 9 Boyd, Archibald, farmer 13 Tiesworth, Wm., farmer 96 Barber, Jesse, farmer 700 Tiesworth, John P., farmer 54 Bennett, Stephen B., farmer 164 TIETSWOETH, ISAAC S., fanner 50 Bennett, Miss T. and C, farmers 133 TIETSWORTH, WM., farmer 45 CRANE, Mrs. CATHERINE, farmer 15 Vance, Samuel, farmer 230 COLE, JOHN W., leases 135 WILSON, ROBERT, leases 110 Doniston, Daniel, farmer 151X Weeks, Cornelius P., carriage maker Ebenrider, Geo., farmer 100 WILSON, WM. G., farmer 28 EBENRIDEE, PETER, farmer 99 Ward, Ann C, farmer 98 Egle, Mrs., fanner 30 Wise, hoirs of Andrew, ICO acres GAMBLE, ROBERT, farmer 20S Gamble, David, farmer 113 Gamble, John S., farmer 200 Gamble, Robert, farmer 50 GAMBLE, ETTIE GENESEO. Gray, Sylvester, farmer 200 GRAY, WM. T., farmer 83 GRAY, JOHN M., farmer 107 Gray, Miss Mary, leases 105 The following residents of the town of Groveland receive their mail at Gon- Groesbeck, Abram, leases 100 esco ; Hill, Blisha, Homoeopathic physician Abel, D. H., farmer 80 HENDBEKSHOTT, OSCAR, carpenter FITZHUGH, CARROLL, farmer 500 76 LABOE-SAVING MAOHDTEEY. Name of animals. Kind of food. Percentage of dry food trans- fer 'dia to dung Horse, 46 per cent. 47 per cent. 50 per cent. 53 per cent. 62 per cent. Milch cow, Hay, potatoes, roots, &c., Hay, straw, beets, &c., Hay, roots, cake, offal, &c., . . . Hay and offal, Working ox, Fattening ox Sheep, Effect of Labor-Savin g Machinery upon Wages. In a former article, we discussed the effect upon the relation existing between capital and labor, produced by the increasing use of labor-saving machinery. Our present purpose is to show that the substitution of machinery for manual labor has greatly- increased the rewards, or wages of labor. In our former article- we endeavored to show, that in their effect upon the aggregate amount of labor required to supply the general demand, im- provements calculated to decrease the particular amount of labor necessary to produce a single article of necessity or luxury, were rather, on account of the demand for greater quan- tities of such articles caused by the reduced cost of their pro- duction, to be called labor creating machines, than the. reverse. The history of all improvements shows that the introduction of machinery calculated to facilitate and cheapen production, has increased the demand for labor. This increased demand could, notwithstanding the increase of population, never have been met, if some of the improvements referred to had not been ' so gi-eat as to almost entirely remove the necessity for manual labor in certain occupations, and thus transfer the laborers from those fields to others where their services were needed. An- TO'WN OP GROVELAND. 77 Fitzhugh, Daniel H., physician and farm- er 1,400 Galbraith, Samuel B. and Mrs., farmers 349, REED, WM. C, leases 300 Samon, Wm. leases — Wadsworth, James W., 1,340 acres MOUNT MORRIS. The following residents of the town of Grovoland receive their mail at Mount Morris : Angell, Chas. F., farmer 040 CULBEKTSON, FRANK, farmer 338 Carroll, Wm., est. 750 acres FITSHUGH, WM. D., farmer 600 HAYEN, JOHN, leases 430 LAKE, JEROME A., farmer 180 LONG, PETER H., miller and brooms and lumber, farmer 2,000 LAW, CHAUNCEY E., miller, brooms and lumber, fanner MORE, GEO. W., foreman for D. II. Fitz- hugh McNAIR, Migs AMANDA W., farmer ISO McNair, Miss Augusta, farmer 264 McBRIDE, BAKNEY, foreman Shaker mill Norton, Calvin, farmer 175 Norton, James C, farmer 100 Norton, C. L., leases 07 PRAY, ISAAC, fanner 118 Robison, Gordon, leases 100 Swan, Theodore, fanner 129 STEADMAN, ELI, farmer 60 Young, Daniel, farmer 100 NORTH SPARTA. The following residents of the town of Groveland receive their mail at North Sparta : Aitken, Rev. Thos. Benway, Jacob, boots and shoes Bean, Henry M., fanner 823 HARTMAN, JOHN, breeder of Durham cattle, (thorough-bred,) farmer 653 JOHNSON, WM., general merchant Krisher, Gideon, farmer 3 MANN, WM. K., farmer 823 McNair, Wm. W., farmer 300 McNAIR, H. W., manuf. of willow ware MANN, SAMUEL A., farmer 170 RANSOM, G. W., carpenter Thompson, Elias, mason, house and lot Wambold, Samuel, miller Zehner, Abraham, grist and saw mill 7 S C T T S B U R G . The following residents of the town of Groveland receive their mail at Scotts- bnrg : BEAN, Mrs. J. Bean, Jacob, farmer 300 BAILOR, MICHAEL, farmer 105 OILMAN, J. S., farmer 296 , Magee, John H., farmer 87 Pnrdey, Wm. and Daniel, lease 170 PUTNEY, CHAS. H. ROBERT, WAREEN, cooper, house and lot RICE, WM., laborer Slatght, Jacob, farmer 156 J^ 78 LABOE-SATENG MACHINIIEY. other way in which the increased demand for labor has been met, has been by the creation of entire new classes of laborers. The employment of children and females to operate the machines which have created certain branches of labor, has been the only way in which such machinery could have been profitably in- troduced and worked. Should these and other classes of labor- ers, that labor-saving machinery has created, be withdrawn from the general stock, the effect upon the industrial interests of the world would be crushing. The increased demand for labor has raised its price in the market. The law of supply and demand applies to this as to everthing else ; but it the effect of mechai^ical improvement is to increase demand, wages must increase also with every ad- vance in the arts. We believe that in the future the march of improvement will be no less rapid than in the past, and conse- quently, from this cause alone, we argue continued increase of wages. But there is another Jaw of increase that is just as potent as the law of demand and supply, and which should not be over- looked in forming correct opinions upon this subject Wages, or rewards for laboi', should not be estimated by current value in dollars and cents. Operatives never fail to see this point clearly when prices of provisions, clothing, and rents rule high ; that is, they never fail to perceive it in its particular ap- plication to their own circumstances. "When one dollar buys only two pounds of butter where it formerly purchased four,' and when other articles have advanced in proportion, they at once realize that two dollars per day is no better than one was when prices were only half as high. But they fail, generally, to see the more general advance of wages estimated by the amount of the comforts of life that can be obtained for a given, sura, that has been going on steadily in accordance with the constantly decreasing cost of manufacture. We have shown that with each new invention which enables a given amount of labor to increase its rate of production, a corresponding decrease of price takes place. This decrease of price has been so great TOWN or LECEISTEE. 70 LEIOESTEPL. CUYLERVILLE. The following residents of the town of Leicester receive their mail at Cuyler- vlUe: Allen, John, carriage maker Ayrault, David, farmer 122 Bailey, David, farmer 3 Bassman, Johii,.laborer Button, William, laborer Burlihart, Lawrence, shoemaker Benjamin, Albert, boatman BROWN, ABEL jr., laborer BASSMAN, Mrs. HANNAH BUTTON, CATHERINE CUNNINGHAM, MICHAEL, farmer CORYELL, WALTER, laborer Cyler, George M., distiller and farmer 350 Chapman, Eezekiah, laborer Churchill, Francis, carpenter and joiner Collins, Emmet, laborer Donnan, David, farmer 464 Donnan, Anarea, farmer 180 DECKER, ELANSON, blaokfemith DALE, JOHN, laborer Dailcy, Thomas, laborer Dalley, Henry, retired farmer Fletcher, William W., broom maker Forbes, John, carpenter and joiner FurgusoD, Andrew T., carriage maker Holburt, Hiram, laborer HOUGH, WILLIAM W., laborer Heinrick, Michael, laborer Harrington, Harrison, farmer HORTON, Mrs. BETSEY HERINGTON, LOUIS, farmer Horton, E., iaborei^ Hugel & Clute, malsters Jones, George W 2a, farmer 14 JARROD, JAMES L., liquor dealer JONES, GEORGE W-, laborer Jones, Levi, moulder Jerrod, James L., bookkeeper Kennedy, John, farmer 120 Kecf , Dennis, laborer Lord, Henry H., groceries and provisions Luce, George W., laborer MAHONEY,J0HN McLod, Herman, farmer Miller, William, carpenter and joiner Mosier, Abram, laborer Mahoney, John, hotel keeper Marsh, WlUiam, miller Maston, Henry, basket maker McCADDEN, JAMES, leases 4 NIXON, GEO. W., leases 34 PICKARD, JOSN v., carpenter and farmer 63 Phelps, Isaac V., laborer Phillips, Mrs. Lucy, housekeeper Perkins, John, farmer 129 PERKINS, MILES Rebban, George, laborer REED, JOSEPH N., farmer 40 Boyoe, John S., manufacturer of mow- ers and reapers RIPPEY, JOHN, clergyman REBBAN, Miss EMILY Slocum, Eason P., farmer 260 Strayline, George A., laborer Swifl, James, laborer Sylvester, John, basket maker SWIFT, Mrs. CLORINDA Stanley, Mrs. Bridget , Slocum, Leonard, farmer 60 Stuart, Joseph D., tailor Slocum, E. P. jr., farmer Thatcher, Elias, laborer THATCHER, I. T. Van Vechten, Mrs. Ann Wemple, Barney, farmer 128 White, John, canal overseer 80 LABOK-SAVING MACHINEItY. within the last fifty years, that ordinary mechanics are now enabled to live in a style that formerly was possible only to the moderately wealthy. Fifty years since, a mechanic wore the coarsest fabric, and ate the plainest food, because he was obliged to do so. His house was destitute of carpets ; its furniture was such as he now would be ashamed to exhibit to his friends. A piano would have been beyond the most extravagant hopes of his ambitious flaughters. Books were few and costly ; news- papers were so rare that when one was obtained the whole neighborhood congregated to hear it read. Pjicilities for travel were few and expensive. Family portraits were entirely out of the question. The most limited education was all that he could hope to give his children ; and the long hours of his daily toil were un cheered by the ameliorations which are now considered essential in eveiy well-ordered workshop. All these things are now within the reach of the mass of mechanics, and it is not too much to say, that if the things which were formerly considered luxuries, but which are now from long habit considered neces- sary, were avoided, and mechanics should limit their expendi- tures to the supply of such articles as would have contented a mechanic's family half a century ago, their savings would be more than treble what artizans could have made at that period. In view of these facts, we believe Trades Unions, as perman- ent organizations, are, to say the least, unnecessary, and we believe them to be hurtful to the i)est interests of operatives in all branches of manufacture. We believe it must soon appear that the tendencies of such organizations are injui-ious to the best interests of the working classes. [Sci. Amer. IIrMBOi,DT regards the climate of the Caspian Sea as the most salubrious in the" world. Here he found the most deli- cious fruits that he saw during his travels, and such was the purity of the air that polished steel would not tarnish even by night exposure. i TOWN OF LEICESTKG. 81 ! 1 booster, Anthony M., farmer 309 UENESEO. WOOSTER, WILLIAM B., breeaer of me- rino slieep and farmer 330 Thi' followiui; residents of the town of Lci- WHEELOCK, JEROME S,, Postmaster ci'stci; receive their mail at Genesee. WILLIAMS, DAVID H., laborer Ayranlt, John, farmer 90 1 Wheelock, Ricliard P., miner Perkins, Hylinda ; WESTFIELD, JEFFERSON, farmer 1 Wlieelocfc, Martin S., farmer 19;i WORKLEY, JACOB, laborer MOSCOW 1 Williams, Zebudee, farmer 1 YODNG, JAMES, laborer The following residents of the town of ! Leicester receive their mail at Moscow : ATHERTON, C. 0. & CO., general mer- chants 1 Abljcy, Mi-s. Hannah, farmer 143 j Ames, Mrs. Lucy, farmer 273 UIBSONVILLE. Allen, Hiram C, manuf. of fanning mills ALLEN, WILLUM R., farmer 151^ BENNETT, WILLIAM H., Eclectic physi- The following residents of the town of cian ana farmer 6i^ LeicestCi- receive their maU at Gibson- Eickford, William, laborer villo : BEEBE, JAMES E., farmer 190 Brown, Dudley, farmer 96 1 Anderson, William, blacksmith Bingham, Walter H., farmer SO Allen, Thomas, farmer 40 Bolton, James H., farmer 70 Brownell, Martin, shoetnaker and farm- Erodrick, James, farmer 10 er 3 Brophel, James, farmer 44 ! BROWN, EDMOND D., laborer BARRETT, THOMAS, leases 180 Cluto, Thomas B., farmer 2 Butler, Anson, farmer 41 ; Daboll, Mrs. Maiy, (with Mrs. Sarah Tap- Bash, John G., farmer 175 j lin,) farmers 13Q BARRETT, SAMUEL, gardener French, Chapman, farmer 121 BUTLER, HARVEY E., farmer 164 FRENCH, ALFRED, farmer BOTSPORD, ELI, farmer 140 1 KNOWLTON, MARQUIS D. L., mechanic BaUey, John A., laborer j 1 KNOWLTON, ERASTOS, Deputy Post- Boies, James C, farmer 58 ! master Budrow, Mrs. L., farmer 97 i 1 Nobell, John, farmer 135 Beunett, 0., farmer 67 j Parker, Calvin S., farmer 15 BUDROW, Mrs. A. W. 1 Richardson, Daniel A., farmer 32^ BRODRICK, Mrs. MARY ' Richardson, Heiram W., Justice of the Brown, Francis D., blacksmith Peace and farmer 4oo Budrow, James, carpenter and joiner . 111UHARDS0N,JANE Boies, John G., ba.sket maker j Smith, John, teamster Buio.s, Edwin I.., basket maker j ' Siegfird, William IL, laochauh: r-USIT, HENRY, farmer 172 ' Spencer, Elijah, mechanic ' Crosby, Hiram D., farmer 105 : SMITH, PIICEBE ANN CONE, BARTLET L., farmer 500 Tapliii, Oliver C, farmer 130 C:hapnian, Peter, fanner 10 ; Taplin, Sarah C.,(withMrs.iiary Daboll,) CLAIIK, BETH, hop and grape grower, farmers 130 farmer 32 ', Wilson, Ucnry, farmcf 77 Clate, Jcllis, farmer 10 82 QLYPHOGRAPHY. Glyphography. Having recently made trial of the process of glyptography in connection with the reproduction of engraved plates from photographs, and having obtained a considerable measure of success, we shall describe the process, if not in complete detail, at least so minutely as to enable any of our readers to practice engraving by the process in question with a fair degree of success. A polished plate of copper, such as is usually employed by engravers, is blackened by being washed over with sulphide of potassium, sulphide of ammonium, chloride of platinum, or other means. The plate is then washed and dried, and is evenly coated with a mixture of wax, rosin, and sulphate of lead, the thickness of the coating not exceeding a thirtieth of an inch. This coating is white and smooth, and the plate when thus prepai-ed is ready for being sketched upon, or, as was the case in our trials, for being photographed upon. The details of our method of affecting the photographic part of the operation shall form the subject of another communica- tion. On the figure thus photographed, or traced by pencil,, the artist proceeds to make his drawing with little tools like needle points, fixed in wooden handles. These tools should vary in size, or rather in the thickness of point, according to the nature of the work intended to be accomplished. It will be found most advantageous to use tools one side of which have been filed flat, and a curve given to them near the point by bending thera while heated in the flame of the gas. Every touch or stroke of the artist should penetrate through the waxy varnish to the surface of the plate. Which, being black, reveals every touch — the work thus appeai-ing black on a white ground, in the same manner as if it were effected by pen and ink on white paper. TOWN OP TiETCESTEE. 83 , COMSKEY, PATRICE, farmer 16 Hale, Lester, retired farmer Grossman, Mrs. H., farmer 6 Hills, Miss Rose, teacher in drawing and Coverdale, P. M. and Wm. H., farmers 140 oil painting COOLEY, NOAH B., farmer 64 Houghton, Warren, hotel keeper ' Clark, Henry, farmer 6 HATCH, Mrs. ELIZA CLARK, EPHRAIM, carpenter and farm- Hewit, Mrs. H. ;P. (with Mrs. E. D. Par- er 40 ker) Clark, David, laborer Carroll, Patrick, farmer 30 HOLBROOK.ilrfl. HARRIET N. ■ JONES, JAMES W. 2d, farmer 80 COOLEY, ALONZO B., farmer 100 JONES, JOHN H., farmer 160 Clapp, James D., farmer 33 JONES, HIRAM W., leases 190 Clark, John D., carpenter and farmer 75 JONES, Mrs. M., farmer 20 Curtis, Marqnis L., wagon maker JONES, BILL, lumber dealer Carnaliam, Elljali, cooper Jones, Mary E., farmer ea CHAPMAN, Mrs. D. C. Jones, Mrs. Clorinda, boarding house and CLARK. ABIGAIL farmer 7 Duryee, Cliauuoey, fanner 10 Kingston, Paul, farmer 30 Driskill, TimotHy, farmer S% Lane, Rev. Geary W., Presb. clergyman DEWEY, CHARLES H., carpenter and Lyman, William, leases 210 cooper Marse, Andrew J., carriage maker Dailey, Barney, stone mason MONINCH, CHRISTOPHER, farmer 3 Davis, Charles, stone mason McNinch, Lemon, farmer 19%- Daniels, Jolm N., shoemaker Mead, Nathan B., farmer 56 De Forest, William, farmer 40 Matteson, Isaiah E., farmer 112 Dodge, J. P. and J. L., farmers 190 McKlnley, Rev. W. D., Presbyterian cler- Dickey, William G., farmer 103 gyman DWIGHT, WILLIAM C, auctioneer McMahan, James, farmer 10, leases 129 DERR, WILLOUGHBY, laborer McCORNICK, PATRICK, farmer 70 Davis, WilUam S., carriage maker MCMAHAN, JAMES, farmer 28 DAVIS, CATHARINE Maxon, Mrs. Lucy, farmer 2J^ Elliott, William, hop grower and farmer McKercher, John F., farmer lio 200 Mclntyre, Moses J., farmer 50 Finney, Mrs. A., farmer 53 Maxon, Edwin, laborer Finney, Frederick, farmer 4 Marse, Malachia, farmer no Flynn, Peter, liborer Nichols, Orrin, farmer 20 Gardner, wmiam H., hop grower and Nolln, Patrick, fanner 33X farmer 45 Noble, Mark, farmer 143 Graves, Jonathan, farmer 34 Nash, Stllman, laborer l Gibbs, Willard, carpenter and joiner Newman, Daniel W., farmer 90 Gnthire, John 0., farmer 130 Newton, Horace, carriage maker Gutheire, John, hop grower, leases 96 NICHOLS, Mrs, LDCY GRAVES, POLLY A. O'Donald, Felix, farmer 52>^ Grant, William, blacksmith O'BRIEN, FRANCIS, laborer Higgins, William B., shoemaker PETERSON, CHARLOTTE Higglns, Henry B., Justice of the Peace, Pratt, Francis, hotel keeper farmer 8 Parker, Mrs. E. D.', (with Mrs. H. P. HODGSON, WILLIAM, farmer 60 Hewit,) farmers 96 HEWITT, W. L., farmer 70 Pendergast, Michael, farmer 24 Howard, Hartson, fanning mill agent POWELL, Mrs. ABIGAIL, farmer 100 Herring, William, hop groweif and farm- PERKINS, Mrs. HILINDA er 120 PHILLIP, ISAAC, leases 20 H«lbrook. Vfilliam H., farmer 182 Pratt, Charles, tobacconist 84 GIiTPHOGRAPHY. The coarseness or heaviness of the lines depends ujpon the tool by Vhich they are cut ; hence broad lines require a tool flattened at the point like a chisel. The drawing must be made as in nature, or non-reversed. When the picture is examined and found to be I'ight, it is dusted over with plumbago, which, by means of a bushy camel' s- hair pencil, is distributed through every line and over every part of the surface. Although we find that other conducting substances, such as bronze powders, act better than plumbago, we have very beautiful pictures produced by Mi: Palmer, in which the coating is the same as that here described. The plate thus prepared is immersed in an electrotype cell, and a thin tissue of copper is deposited on it by the battery. When the plate has been immersed at night, we find in the morning that the deposit of copper is sufficiently thick to allow of its being removed. The battery we use in Smess's, and the depositing solution is the sulphate of copper, rendered decidedly acid with sulphuric acid. The cast thus obtained must be backed uj) with soft metal, sec. art, and in this state it will, if printed from as a wood en- graving, yield an exact fac-simile of the original drawing. If it be required to lowei- broad masses of white, this can be efiected in one or other of the following ways : After the drawing has been finished, and before it is brushed with black lead, paint over the broad masses of white with melted wax, and let the thickness ol the mass thus painted on the surface be determined by the area of the white portion, care being taken not to approach too closely to the lines of the draw- ing. This having been done, proceed with the blumbago as already directed. Another way by which to lower the broad whites is to take a cast in plaster of Paris from the original plate, . and in this cast to lower any part rcquii-ed by means of a suitable gouge- shaped tool. From the. plaster block thus trimmed may be obtained, by means of recasting in plaster and stereotyping, any number of metal blocks in a condition for printing. TOWN OF LEICESTER. 85 PETERSON, GEORGE W., tUreslier ana Wicker, Frederick G., lawyer and Notary farmer l PubUc PERVORSB, JOSEPH W., blacksmltb Wheat, Samuel S., shoemaker ] Peterson, Peter, fanner 5 Whlteman, Joel, fanner 70 PETERSON, GEORGB C, laborer WHITEMORE, CATHERINE i ROBBINS, MARY Robbine, William H., farmer 156 ROBINSON, JOHN, fanner 10% ROWLEY, JEREMIAH, farmer 4 ROYOE, ERAST0S W., carriage maker ROBERSON, SALLY ANN, leases. 7 Sliver, Wilder, retired farmer Smead, L^nan H., leases 140 MOUNT MORRIS. Smith, Ephraim, farmer 5 STEVANS, L. K., farmer Scott, Elijali, farmer 100 1 STARR, JOHN F. , farmer 187 The following residents of the town of Starr, Samuel, farmer 175 Leicester receive their mail at Mount <■ STARR, HENRY, farmer Morris : i Sherwood, Alfred, farmer Sears, E. W., shoemaker Brown, William L., leases 107 SHELDON, CHARLES H., dealer in lum- BUSH, CALVIN, (with Walter Webb,) 1 bcr and shingles mannf, of paper and fanners 00 ( Crapsey, Hiram, farmer 116 ! Sheldon, Orrln, retu-ed farmer Carbra, Patrick, farmer 60 1 ': Sellen, W. H., physician Oonwell, Ohauncey, farmer ISO 1 Smith, Kellogg J., physician Clute, J. L., laborer Sheldon, John and A. W.. farmers 203 Dunovon, William, laborer SCOTT, OOTAVIA Duryee, Marlln, laborer | Thompson, D. (C.O.Atherton & Co.) Duryee, Abram H., leases 90 Tilton, Henry, merchant and farmer 154 DAILE Y, GEORGE B. , leases 100 TURELL, JOSEPH, gardener and farmer DOLBEER, JOHN S., laborer 10 Flynn, John, laborer THOMPSON, Mrs. HANNAH Hatch, Warren C, laborer Tlemey, Thomas, farmer 20 Johnson, WilUam A., farmer j Thompson, Henry S., farmer Kennedy, Michael, laborer 1 Torrance, Clortnda, farmer 1 McDowakls, Alexander, leases 402 Torrance, Marvin, farmer 30 Northrup, Harriet UTLEY, DAVID 2d, dealer in patent OIp, Henry, farmer 122 rights POPP, JOHN W., farmer WHEELOCK, A. W. Ramsey, John, farmer 119% WHEELOCK. Mrs. MARY L. P., farmer 56 Stevens, Daniel, laborer WHITE, LODIS B., truss maker Selden, William K., laborer White, James B., farmer 60 Sheflin, Terance, farmer 80 White, Welcome, farmer 30 SELDEN, MARGARET ] Whitmore, William, farmer 850, leases White, William, farmer 193 600 WHITE, CHESTER D., farmer 96 ' WELTON, CHARLES, leases 90 WILLARD, SAMUEL, laborer WELCH, PETER, farmer 5 White, Eli, cheese factory and farmer 142 AVheelock, Ira, farmer 128 Welton, Amos, leases 200 WHEELER, Mrs. RHODA, farmer 174 Webb, Walter, (with Calvin Bush,) manu- WARNER, DANIEL L., farmer 23 facturer of paper and farmer 00 86 THE TRADES OF AKIMALS. We have in our possession some pictures which have been obtained from surface blocks prepared nearly as described, and which are so fine and delicate as to warrant any person un- acquainted with the method of their production in believing that they were printed from engraved copper or steel plates. [British Journal of Photography. The Trades of Animals, The following observations, which we copy verbatim from an " Old Curiosity Shop," have reference to animals, and exhibit at least their apparent knowledge of the sciences; also their pro- fessions, occupations, and enjoyments : Bees are geometricians — their cells are so constructed as, with the least quantity of material, to have the largest-sized spaces and least possible loss of interstice. So also is the ant lion — his funnel-shaped trap is exactly correct in its conformation, as if it had been made by the most skillful artist of our species, with the aid of the best instruments. The mole is a meteorologist. The bird called the nine-killer is an arithmetician ; so also is the crow, the wild turkey, and some other birds. The torpedo, the ray, and the electric eel' are electricians. The nautilus is a navigator — he raises and lowers his sail,'ca8ts and weighs his anchor, and per- forms other nautical evolutions. Whole tribes of birds are musicians. The beaver is an architect, builder, and woodcut- ter — he cuts down trees, and erects houses and dams. The marmot is a civil engineer — he not only builds houses, but con- structs aqueducts and drains to keep them dry. The white ants maintain a regular army of soldiers. The East India ants .are horticulturists — they make mushrooms, upon which they feed their young. Wasps are paper manufacturers. Caterpil- lars are silk spinners. The bird ploceus textor is a weaver — he weaves a web to make his nest. The primia is a tailor — he TOWN OF LEQEISTEE. 87 PERRY. The following residents of tUe town of Leicester receive their mail at Perry, Wyoming county : Anderson, George J., leases 124 Bolton, Henry C, farmer 135 Bolton, Warren, liop grower and farmer 100 Barns, Samuel, farmer 1S6 Bolton, Paris, farmer 40 Crane, AJonzo, leases 190 CORNWELL, HARRISON, farmer 227 CRANE, HARRIET Duffle, Mathew, farmer 125 DOFFIE, OLIVE A. Gillott, Isaac, farmer 94 Hull, Alpbonzo R., farmer 60 Hull, Saran, farmer 44 Hull, J. R., farmer 4S Hull, Moses, farmer IM aUeridan, Owen, laborer Sberman, George, farmer 2}i Tcyneck, Jolm, farmer 195 Willis, Josepli, farmer 52)2' YALE, THEOPHILUS H., farmer 111 Yale, Jolm, farmer llSJi PERRY CENTRE. The following residents of the town of Leicester receive their mail at Perry Centre, Wyoming county : Butler, William, farmer 86 CLARK, CnAS. T., carpenter and joiner PIFFARD. The following residents of the town of Leicester receive their mail at Piffard : Gabon, Richard, farmer, 156 I 88 ' mSCEIiiANEOUS. sews the leaves togetber to make his nest. The squirrel is a ferryman — with a chip or piece of bark for a boat, and his tail for a sail, he crosses a stream. Dogs, wolves, jackals, and many others, are hunters. The black bear and heron are fishermen. The ants have regular day laborers. The monkey is a rope dancer. The association of beavers present us with a model of republicanism. The bees live under a monarchy. The Indian antelopes furnish an example of patriarchal government. Ele- phants exhibit an aristocracy of elders. AVild horses are said to select their leaders. Sheep, in a wild state, are under the control of a military chief ram. [Once a Week. Beet Root Sugak. — During the last twenty cight-ycar.s, the production of the cultivation in France of the sugar beet root has advanced from 22,000 tuns to 222,000 tuns. The total annual product in European countries amounts to 038,500 tuns, and now produces more than one-fourth of all the sugar known to be consumed in the world. Indeed, the success now uni- formly achieved on all sides shows that, though the same causes which long retarded the progress of the beet industry in France will more or less obstruct it elsewhere, nevertheless its ultimate triumph is certain in every country where it is introduced with care and cultivated with reasonable patience and skill. ]\LusKET0E.'5 ■ — A correspondent complains tliat lie is f.o nnicli annoyed with musketocs that it would be a great blessing if some one would suggest a wash to be applied to the skin that would drive them off. We cannot recomracnd^a wash for their purpose, but have heard it said that the faint odor of crystalized phenitic and will drive insects from a room. TOWN OF LIMA. 89 1 HONEOYE FALLS. Agan, Miss Ann Aagan, Patrick, blacksmith and farmer 5 The following residents of the town of Arnold, Rev. Joseph T., Methodist cler- Lima receive their mail at Iloiicoye gyman Bauler, Adam, farmer Fall?, Monroe County : BDTLEH, WILLIAM, (agent,) dealer in Angle, Anson L., farmer 2o0 books and stationoi-y Bond, Winslow, farmer 5.5 BEISTOI^, CHARLESr B., meat market and cattle dealer, farmer 15 Bickford, Jothcm, fanner 53 Comins, Mrs. Sarah, farmer 26 Boeheme, Ernst A., bakery and livery sta- Cargill, Harman B., farmer ble, farmer 1 COMMINS, MANASSEH L., farmer 150 BROWN, FLORENTINE J., cai-penter Graham, Orson, farmer 53)^ . and joiner Glass, George W., farmer 57X Bonner, Benj., fanner 16 GREEN, EODOLPHUS W., laborer y. Baird, Selah M., blacksmith, farmer X Pierce, Martin E., farmer 150 BUIIK, WILLIAM, house and carriage PIERCE, PRANK M., carpenter and painter joiner 1 Beadle, Miss Harriet A. Smalley, John W., farmer 01 BENTON, Rev. ALPHONSO L., pastor Stiles, Egbert, farmer ^ Presbyterian Church SHEDD, EUGENE H., farmer 02 Barnard, Rev. John, retired Presbyterian clergyman, farmer 7 Buttolph, Milton, hop grower, grapery ^ and farmer 11 Bryan, Miss Margaret, washerwoman LIMA. Bockwith, Setli, farmer 125 Brale, Robert, mason and farmer 7 The following residents of the town of Bums, Miss Mary Lima receive their mail at Lima : Bamhouse, George, carpenter and joiner American Uotel, Smith 11. Newman, pro- Bennett, Dr. H. George, Allopathic phy- sician prietor Bryan, Mrs. Bridget, washerwoman ATKINSON, WM. II., liquors, oysters, Baker, Mrs. Malinda fruits, confectionery, &c. Bennett, Mrs. Polly ARNOLD, WM., shoemaker and magis- Bragdon, Mrs. Elijah B., boarding house trate Buxton, John Henry, cabinet maker AYLING, WILLIAM, upholstery and Baker, Bayze W., farmer 85 cabinet makor Benedict, Lewis, farmer 130 ARNOLD, CHARLES P., farmer 25 BURNS, PATRICK,(with Michael Burns,) Atwell, Silas C, farmer 58, leases 24 farmer 130 AT WELL, GEORGE W., farmer 1S5, Burns, Michael, (with Patrick Burns,) leases 20 farmer 130 11 90 liniNGSTON COUNT'S BUSINESS DJEEOTOEY. L I 3VI ^ I would most respectfully announce to my former patrons and the public generally, that I have at an enormous expense constructed a new Gallery, in modern style and in accordance with the most scientific princijjles extant. Tlie rooms arc situ- ated in the second story of my new block in \ where I am prepared to execute work in every stylo known to the Photographic Art, viz. : INDIA INK AND COLORED WORK OF ALL SIZES, AMBROTYPES, BON TONS, GEMS, PORCELAIN PICTURES, The New Ca1)iiiet l^lsotograph, and (tBie Latest Nov- elty) CarlJOM Pictures, which for delineation of detail and durability eclipse all others that have heretofore been offered to the public. Duplicates of any picture can be had reduced in size or en- larged, with an elegance of finish that will baffle the keenest competition. I keep a constant supply of elegant Picture Frames of every description. Parties desiring Photographs of private residences, grounds, public buildings, &c., will please address ^. H. S3S/riTPI, LIMA, N. Y. TOWN OF LIMA. 91 BREEN, JOHN, farmov 7 BACON, IIENEY, larnicr !)1 Erii;?:?, Jonathan P., liirmer 9j, leases 40 BrigSS, Elijah \V., fanner 100, leases 130 Brown, Harvey, house painter Bishop, Tliomas P., fanner 13 Beckwith, Gilhert. farmer 130 BARTON, ELIJAH C, fanner 100 Booln, JobnD., farmer 110 Burns, James, laborer Brown. Romeo W., farmer 20 Br: nan, John, fanner II Bishop, Cjrns, farmer 70 BISSELL, CARLOS A., farmer )!i-J Bonner, Samnel, farmer S"y CRAXDALL, LLOYD S., grocer Challis, William, bnrbor Carter, Franklin, dcaiev in dry ^'ootls and .^rocei'ie'J. viliacre lot 4 Chambers, Joseph, (Watkins & Cham- bers.) farmer 7 COOK, ELLIOT L., M^D„ Homoeopathic physician, Smith's Block Chase, Henrjf, carpenter and joiner Cohler, John, tailor CHASE. LEVI C, Justice of the Peace Coventry, Stephen M. Conway, Dennis, laborer Clark, Mrs. Nancy E. Campbell, Dr. John A., Allopathic physi- cian, farmer 3 Cojieland, Mrs. Sarah T. Coo, Horace, farmer 10 Conrneen, Mrs. Mary, farmer 4 Cbappell, James W., surveyor and farmer 13 COl'ELAND, PAKCDS T., farmer il Cui)eland, Charles I)., nur.-ery, fruit i;row- er and farmer o Clark, Carlos Cliatlield, Jolm, carpentci- and joiner, farmer Crandall, Amos, i.'oma'opnlliie iiliycician, 141-100 acres C'iui]ipell, llarman, farmer JIO Cumniinrjs, Rlioady, laborei Coventry. Cliarles JL (Milchel iV f 'oventiy Corey, William, staj^e dri\i'i-, I '.. CONNELLY, JOHN, farmer 03 Culver, Ceori.'e K., farmer 70 C'.VSn.MAN, EDWARD, farmer .". CARY, WILKISON, farmer .w"^ Conway, Patrick, fanner 25 C\immins, Ilush, farmer 14 Carroll, Ellis, farmer 73 Clow, Caleb, blacksmith and farmer 3X Conlcy, Daniel, farmer 10 Crouse, George D., farmer 1.jO Ciiappell, Harvey, farmer 170 Cliapman, George, farmer .S3 Ciiupman. Charles 11., farmer 2i Ciiapman, Silas, farmer .'i Ciroy, James, farmer 84 Cuiinor, Leoimrd B., cabinet maker ^_i Ueciier, Richard, farmer !)3 llc'.uer, Henry, farmer 105 De Lauo. Silas B., cattle dealers Dlit'KER, HEJnRY, attorney and coun- sellor ai. law DartI, (.;eorL;-e W., carriage making and repairing 3Jj DARTT, E. P., carriage making DAILEY, JOEL, staging and ticlcet agent DAY, DANIEL and LEVI C, farmers 105 Dnsonbcrie, Samuel Day, ?licliael O.. carpenter and joiner Douglass, William C, boarding house D.VLTON, EDWARD, tin and glass ware dealer and farmer 10 Dalton, Jolm, farmer 21 DAILKY, CHARLES, farmer 13 D.\LTON, WILLIAM, farmer 107 Deal, Conrad, breeder of Spanish merino sheep, farmer 215 DEAL, MARY U. Dodge, Lorenzo D., farmer and drover 11 Dann, Underbill, fanner 100 DUNN, JOHN, farmer 33 EXCELL, WILLIAM, carpenter and joiner '^j Egbert, Slunson. laborer Ellio, S. G., physician lOagan, James, fai-mcr .30 Eageii. Jolin, farmer :J.3 ELDS, RICHARD, farmer S5 FOREJI.XN, JOSEPH, mercliant tailor X FRENCH, Mrs. HELEN A. French. John R., Professor of Mathe- matics I'ov.'ler, Samuel G., farmer i'!}rt>l\ jMi-s. J'HEUE, boarding house FJNIGAN, FRiiNCIS, fanner 2^ FLYNN, l\U)RCiAN, farmer In l''reeman, George, farmer 52 92 MVINGSTON COTTKTY BUSINESS DIRECTOEY. E. L. COOK, M. D., HOMICEOPA-THIC Office, Smith's Block, Rochester St., ID. E. ^TV^^LKIEI^, Manufacturer and Wholesale and Retail Dealer in all kinds of TOBACCO, SNUFF, CIGARS, Meerschaum Pipes, and Smokers Generally, LIMA, N. Y. The Secrets of the Ocean. Mr. Green, the famous diver, gives the following sketch of what he saw at the "Silver Banks," near Hayti : "The banks of coral on which my divings were made are about forty miles in length and from ten to twenty in breadth. On this bank ul coral is presented to the diver one of the most beautiful and sublime scenes the eye ever beheld. The water varies from ten to one hundred feet in depth, and is so clear that the diver can see from two to three hundred feet when submerged, with but little obstruction to the sight. The bottom of the ocean in many places is as smooth as a marble floor ; in others it is studded with coral columns, from ten to one hundred feet in hight, and from one to eighty feet in diameter. The tops of those more lofty support a j)yramid of pyramidal pendants, each forming a myriad more, giving reality to the imaginary abode of some water nymph. In other places the pendants form arch TOWN OF LIMA. 93 FETTICK, JOHN, blacksmith and farm- er 5 Fitzpatrick, John, laborer Francis, Franklin B,, School Com., farm- er T7 Franklin, John, liirmer V.l Finnegan, Thomas, farmer Ti'> Ferris, Peter, laborer F.illY, Jlrs, ANN ^ Gleason, James, farmer ."0 Gale, Ilenrj- & Co., dealers in hardware Godfrey, Ira, Postmaster dlLBERT, OrjUN S., (with Iliram Gil- bert.) dealer:^ in i^roceries, crockery, boots and shoes 1 GILIJERT, IIIRAJI (with Orrin S. Gil- bertl 3 GORDON, JA'MES; T.. blacksmith 1 Gillott, John Galcntinc, Jacob S., merchant GODFREY, L. B., dealer in lime and farmer 234 GRACE, MICHAEL, fiirmer 4 GERRY, N. D., farmer 100 GOODRICH, JUSTIN S., farmer 130>< GOODRICH, ERASTUS C, farmer 130 GILLIN, JOHN, carpenter and joiner, farmer 20 Graves, David, butcher and farmer -Xi Gibson, Channcey \V., banker GKOVER, LEVI P., fanner 123 Hurd, Seymour & Co., merchant tailors Halpin, Thomas, cabinet maker HAMILTON, MYRON II., jeweler and watchmaker Howey, Mrs. Sarah, millinery HART, ANDREW, marble factory 1,« HYDE, ^\MBROSE, insurance a^ent 1 Ilimchett, Mrs. Sarah U., Hxrmer 54 HAYES, JOHN, woodsiiwyer .'.i Hyde, Ezckiel, c^irpenter and joiner >^ Hnshes, Patrick, laborer li HUGHS, MARY' Hagerty, John, teamster 4\, Hayes, Jolm, carpenter and joiner IIICKEY, SIMON, carpenter and joiner Holden, Timothy H., farmer n Howanl, Mrs. Martha Ilovey, Calvin B., farmer 120 llarmau, ilrs. Sarah A., ihrmtr 3 IIANNA, GEORGE V., merchant UOMMEDIEU, GIERSON L., carpenter and Street Com. Hntchias, Delos, Methodist minister ;i Hawley, Joel S., laborer Haye.-!, Margaret, farmer? Hardy, Manning, weaver 1 Kail, Daniel Y., thrasher and woodsaw- yer, leases 3 Hardy, Frederick P., farmer 50 Higgins, MI'S. Matinda, boarding house Handrahan, Michael, farmer 30 HOCHSTUCHL, JOSEPH, farmer Heath, Albert, blacksmith and farmer 117 Hicks, Galen S., farmer lOO HOG AN, PATRICK, farmer 13 Hogan, Dennis, farmer S'j Hendrick, Patrick, farmer 123 Hamilton, 'William U., leases lOO IIOG^\A^ STEPHEN, laborer Harden, Truman J. S., shoeinaker and farmer 3 HAGGERTY, WILLIAM Ideson, Robert, painter, trait grower and farmer 24 Idson,John IDSON, WALTER G. Johnson, Seth, farmer 27 Jackman, Charles A., farmer 150 Jenks, Eri S., farmer^oO Kendall, Nathaniel (Moulton & Kendall) Kingsbury, John E., farmer KEENNAN, Mrs. C, farmer 9 Kimble, Sylvester, tanner and currier and farmer 39 >i KING, DAVID H., farmer 149 Kinney, Jerry, laborer KINNERNEY, GEORGE, farmer 5 Keeney, John H., farmer 3 Kennedy, Thomas, farmer 60 Kent, Rev. John P., supei-annuat«d Meth- odist clergyman Kelly, James, blacksmith Lindsay, John W., President Gen. College Lyon, Thomas M. (Stevens & Co.) LOCKINGTON, BARNARD, stone cutter LINDSiiEY, JACOB A., dealer in harness, trunks, whips, Ac., 2}i LONG, WILLIAM, clergyman LOZIER, SCIHJYLER, carriage maker Lozier, William T., carriage painter LONG, BENJ., carpenter and joiner and builder LEVERY, JAMES, laborer Lloyd, Nelson, farmer 85 94 over arcli ; and, as the diver stands on the bottom of the ocean and gazes through in the deep winding avenues, he finds tliat tliey fill hiin with as sacred an awe as if he were in some old cathedral which liad long been buried beneath old ocean's v/ave. Here and there the coral extends to the surface of the water, as if the loftier columns wore tov/ers belonging to those stately temples that are now in ruins. There were countless varieties of diminutive trees, shrubs and plants, in every crevice of the corals where water had deposited the earth. They were all of a faint hue, owing to the pale light they received, although of every shade, and entirely different from plants that I am famil- iar with that vegetate upon dry land. One in particular at- tracted my attention ; it resembled a sea fan of immense size, variegated colors, and the mo.st brilliant hue. The fish which inhabit these 'Silver Banks' I found as different in kind as the scenery was varied. They were of all forms, colors and sizes, from the symmetrical goby to the globe-like suufish, from the dullest hue to the changeable dolphin." Casks. Casks have been used from a very early period, and the coo[)er's art is accordingly a very old one. Many improve- ments in the method of their manufacture has been introduced during the last twenty-five years, such as machines for cutting hciids, staves, and bungs, but the cask itself remnins in all its cssenlinl features llie same as it was a century ngo. Certainly, anything must have attuned to a high degree of perfection, if it could p.ass unchanged through a century of euch developjnent in the mechanical arts as the present has been ; still more is it remarkablq^of a thing so universally used as a cask. TOT\-N OF LIMA. 95 LONGYOR, JOEL S., farmer 78 Leary, John, farmer 10 lA'ON, JUST0S, hreoaer of Spanish me- rino sheep and farmei SS'j Ijandon, George W., farmer lOO Lake, Sheldon, farmer 12 LANDON, HENRY Loolvington, John, laborer Landon, Perry, farmer 115 LONG, JAMES, farmer 40 MOSHER, JOHN, banker, owns 260 MoMahan, WilUam H., jeweler and watch- maker McQtnVEY, Mi-s. II. J., milliner, dress- maker and fancy goods MITCHELL, WILLIAM D., dealer in dry goods and groceries Marvin, Israel P., clerk Martin, Thomas jr., laborer McORAY, Mrs. J. M., physician McCarty, Chai'ies, farmer 209 Moore, Mrs. Mary Madl]', John, laborer Morley, John, farmer 11 MITCHELL, SAMUEL, carriage maker Martin, Sylvanus, carpenter and joiner MINNIHANE, JAMES, farmer 28 Madison, Arlal, farmer Mason, James, farmer is 'i Moses, Crial D., farmer 85 Miner, Alexander D., farmer 68 MINER, CHARLES, farmer 93 MOSES, LEWIS, farmer 131K Moses, Luther, farmer lOO Munger, Mrs. Mary, farmer S3 Morgan, Sheppard P., fujmer 176 MARKHAM, AUGUSTUS, farmer 375 MILLER, Mrs. KEZLA.U E., farmer 60 McMahau, David, farmer 10 McNair, WilUam II., farmer 300 Malonc, Thomas, farmer 67 >x McGRAW, PATRICK, farmer 12 MAPES, ABRAM MORGAN, DAMU B. Haitian, Robert, farmer 1 MoCune, Alexander, fai-mer 2 Marvin, Jasper, farmer 10 MoSwoeney, Mrs. Jane, farmer 14 NEWMAN, SMITH H., prop. American Hotel NASH, AUOLPHUS, dealer in lumber, wood and coal Noonan, John, farmer 24 Newman, Aaron, farmer 70 Newman, Thomas, loasesi-'o rash, Edwin A. (Wood & Nasli) OLLERENSHAW, PHlLir, cooper anil farmer 4 OUerenshaw, Mrs. Elizabeth, farmer a Olp, Mrs. Elizabeth, boarding house O'Brien. Matthew, farmer "Ji Parmelc, Mrs. Sarah PERKINS, J AMES, farmer 31 Potter, William, butcher Pinder, Lawrence, tinsmith PHILLIPS, JENNIE Phillips, John A., farmer 138 Pratt, Van R., farmei 33 PARKER, HENRY P. PHELAN, WILLIAM, farmer 13 PECK, RICHARD, farmer 180 Peck, Nathan, fanner 16 Pierce, William F.. farmer 187 PHILLIPS, ELISHA and DANIEL, farm- ers 76)^'^ Peck, jLmes B., farmer 75 Peck, Asahel B., farmer 85 Quigley, James, carpenter and joiner Rollson, William S., butcher RICE, C. W., dealer in hardware, tin, Ac.^ Rowe, Horatio, farmer 4 EOWE, EMILY RYAN, MICHAEL, farmer 20 Ripley, Rev. MerrillW., Methodist clergy- man and farmer 9 Rogers, Edwin N., farmer 94 Koss, Joel, manuf . of grain cradles and farmer 37K Stevens, Albert L. ,t Co., dealers in gro- ceries, drugs and medicines, toys, &c. Snow, George W., shoemaker Salmon, Edward, dealer in drugs and medioines SHADER, GEORGE M., blacksmith and wagon maker jj STEVENS, FRjVNCIS S., insurance agent and farmer 75 \ Scott, Walter w. Stanley, Daniel, banker and farmer 9 Spencer, , bookkeeper Steele, Mrs. William, milliner and dross- maker STERLING, A., farmer 130 96 CASKS. We believe that there is nothing in general use which comes nearer li perfect adaptation to all requirements than the homely and useful article about which we are writing. It is hard to say whether some of its features of utility were originally inci- dental to facility of construction, or whether they were not directly sought after for their own sake. The form of the cask is a truncated, oblate spheroid. The conveniences of this form are the attainment of a base upon which the cask will stand firmly, and, at the same time, perfect facility in movement when it lies upon its side. Theoretically, when in the latter position it rests like a sphere upon a single jjoint. It can then be whirled about upon its vertical axis with the application of a very slight force, or rolled in any direction. We say rolled in any direction — it may be rolled endwise. Of course, the flat ends, or heads, interfere very much with the process, but a cask may nevertheless be rolled longitudinally, with a very much less expenditure of force than a cylinder of the same weight. - In our youthful days, we were very much impressed with the performances of a rustic Sampson, who used to " end up " very heavy casks with one hand, by taking advantage of a rocking motion which he imparted to it, and applying his strength in full force at the moment the cask rested upon a point very near the chime. What then appeared to us wholly a feat of vast strength, we now know to bo dependent in a great measure upon the application of sleight. Another advantage resulting from the spheroidal form of casks, is that they may be rolled easily over uneven surfaces without deviating from the direction of the motion imparted to them, a great convenience in placing them in proper positions upon decks of vessels, or moving them about upon wharves. Great strength also results from this form, as the force of any external blow is transmitted to, and distributed over all parts of the structure. TOWN or LIMA. 97 Sutherlana, Rev. Andrew, Methoaist cler- gyman Slattery, Jolin, laborer Slattery, Mrs. Mary Seager, Mlcah, Methodist clergyman Smith, Mrs. Mary Steele, Theron, retired farmer Scott, Walter W., watchmaker and jew- eler SHAY, Mrs. D. w., seamstress and board- ing house Sheldon, Ezra Smith, Arthur H., photographer Stowe, FredericK D., agent Spragne, G., farmer 93 Sturliag, John C, farmer 70 SturliEg, James M., farmer 16 ST. JOHN, Mrs. SARAH, farmer 10 SULLIVAN, WILLIAM, farmer 20 Smith, Stephen K., farmer 100 STEVENS, HENRY F., farmer 87 SULLIVAN, MARTIN, laborer Sears, Vinson G., farmer 100 S;one, James, farmer 180 SlaUei-y, PalricK, farmer 6 S'juart, Theodore, farmer 100 Sylvebiev, A'.len, farmer 140 Sylves.e:-, Ueo:ge \V., farmer SHAV, JOHN THAYER, GEORGE, insurance agent and farmer 4 Tomlinson, John, harness maSer Tidd, Stephen is., blactsmiji U Tubbs, Mrs. Elizabeth, farmer IK TERRY, ALVIN A., carpenter and farm- er 4K THOMAS, MARIA L. Thomas, Dow B. S., farmer 2K True, Daniel, farmer 10 Trobrldge, Seth, farmer Timmons, Patrick, farmer Terry, Isaiah, farmer 125 Terry, Heniy, farmer 96 Terry, Charles A., leases 96 TINK.HAM, EDWARD Uttlcy, William, taimer 127X UTTLEY, HENRY M. Vosburg, Isaac, farmer Vandenbcrgh, riiillip, farmer 23 Vary, William, farmer 12 WALKER, DENNIS E., mannfactnrer and wholesale and retail dealer in cigars, tobacco, &e. WATKINS, SOLON (Watkins & Cham- bers) Watkins & Chambers, dealers in dry goods, boots, shoes, &c. Warner, Andrew J., brlckmaker and farmer 70 Welch, James, tailor Watkins, Adolphus, carpenter and farm- er 12 Winchester, John A., painter wrJGHT, ELIAS C, cooper Warner, Edwin, farmer 23 Warner, Isaac B., dealer In lumber, wood an 1 coal 5 WALKERS, ANA M. Walker, Joha, stage driver WATKINS, CYRUS, carpenter and farm- er 24>^ Wilbor. Albert D., Methodist clergyman AVetmore, Mrs. M., farmer 30 Wel'-er, Charles, farmer 3 Wir: I'ple, John, butcher and farmer 3 Wa.-ae:', Mrs. I.yclia A. W.. ;:iAKE, JAMES, painter Wii).;ir, Joua S., mechanic Wa'nt:'.', Mis. Orson WiGC;;S'S, CASEl', farmer 156 w.v jaiis, Seth W., farmer 49X WAVrS, EGERTON, farmer 30 WiLKIXSON, JAMES, farmer 53M Warner, Albert, farmer 136 >i Warner, Horace Tyler, farmer 85 WELCH, PATRICK, farmer 13 Welsh, John, farmer 29 Warner, WlUiam N., farmer 50 Warner, Charles H., farmer 130 Warner, Hiram B., farmer 140 Whalen, Martin, farmer 10 WHALEN, JOHN, farmer 9 WJialey, Robert, farmer 130 Warren, Edwin, farmer 87 Wood, Harvey J. (Wood & NasD) WOOD & I?ASH, attarneys and counsel- lorsatUw Wollonhorpt, Ernest, tailor AVliitllesey, Mrs. C. D. ^ York, Anthony, auctioneer, produc3 deal- er and farmer 5 98 HtrMAN liONGEViry. Human Longevity. The following curious facts are from a work which has just appeared under the title, " De la Longevite Humaine," by Dr. Guyetant, who has himself reached the patriarchal age of eighty -eight : In 1777, average life in France did not exceed tweuty-three years. In 1798 it had risen to twenty-six years and three months ; in 1836 it was thirty-three years, and at present it has reached the very high figure of thirty-nine, an increase of six years within a period of twenty-eight years ! This is evidently owing, first, to the great efforts made of late to remove insalu- brious nuisances, to provide towns with a proper system of sewerage, to drain marshes, &c., and then to the great progress made in medicine, and the abundance of wholesome food and every necessary comfort now at the command of all but the hopelessly indigent, who are of themselves the object of much greater solicitude than formerly. There exists an intimate connection between the longevity of animals and the time of their gestation and subsequent growth. The gestation of the rabbit lasts thirty days ; that of man nine months ; that of the elephant two years. The stag attains its full stature in the coui'se of six years, and it lives about forty. In man, the bones increase in length until twen- ty, and in thickness until forty. M. Fleurens fixes the natural term of man's life at one hundred years. Death in man appears to be neither more nor less than ossifi- cation arrived at its extreme limit ; accordingly, some years ago, a chemist maintained tliat life might be prolor^god by taking lactic acid, the chief ingredient of buttermilk, wliich tends to dissolve bone. Dr. Guyetant lays it down as a general rule that those live long who do not do more than their strength permits, but yet regularly employ all the strength they have. TOWN OP LIMA. 99 NORTH BLOOMFIELD. The following residents of tlie town of Lima receive thelrmail at North Bloom- flcM, Ontario county : Bond, Edwin E., saw mill, woolen facto- ry and farmer 20 Croft, Edward, shoemaKer a Case, Milo, mlUwrlglit X Case, Albert, dealer 4n lumber, coal and plaster 6 Elwell, George H., fanner I Edmonds, Ezbon, farmer lU Gates, Richard C, blacksmith 1 Garfield, Hlland H., farmer OS Hnnt, Elston, prop, of woolen mill 1 Hunt, Arthur H., woolen manufacturer Idson, John, painter and farmer Martin, Alexander U., farmer 130 PARKER, TVILLIAM B., farmer 109 PARKER, CHARLES L., fanner 108 Parker, David Curtis, farmer RUMSEY, JOB B. jr., blacksmith and farmer 14 Ryan, Thomas, laborer YOUNG, JOHN W., laborer 'A SOUTH LIMA. The following residents of the town of Lima receive their mail at South Lima : BACKUS, THEODORE, leases 340 BURR, HEMAN, farmer l}i Ganung, Hiram, farmer 330 Morgan, Thomas C, farmer 120 Newman, John n., farmer 80 WEST BLOOMFIELD. Tlie following residents of the town of Lima receive their mail at West Bloom- field, Ontario county : Chopman, Charles, Florence Mills, farm- er 50 Chopman, Richard, Florence Mills, farm- er 60 DURANT, JAMES, farmer 30 GRAY, ISAL4.H, farmer 226 Gray, Mrs. Abby Jane, farmer 80 Hanna, Isaac, manufacturer of potash and farmer 4 Plimpton, John, farmer 80 Plimpton, Edward, farmer 145 Teller, John, farmer WHISKER, JAMES, farmer 14 100 LIVINGSTON COmjTT BUSINESS DIKECTOKT. O. BO'WElSr &> oo., LIVON3A STATION, N. Y., DEALERS IN Shingles, Flooring, Clapboards and Building Timber, AT WHOLESALE AND KETAIL. Orders executed with Promptness and Dispatch. Also, dealers in Coal, Plaster, Water Lime and Salt, and The highest market price paid for Grain, Wool, Apples and other conntiy produce. L. CLARK & SO NS, MILLYILLE MILLS, Conesus Creek, Near Lakeville, Manufacturers of and Wliolesale and Retail Dealers in Custom Grinding done with dispatch. Bills of Timber sawed on short notice. Everything in our line will receive due attention. Also, agents for DOUBLE TURBINE WATER WHEELS. TOWN OF LIVONIA. 101 LIVOIsTI^. LIVONIA STATION. Tlie following residents of tlie town of Livonia receive tbeir mail at Livonia Station : APFOLTER, SAMUEL, harness maker, tiouse and lot ANDRUS, C. y., dry goods, groceries, drags and medicines Annis, A., laborer, bouse and lot Armstrong, J., farmer 130 Armstrong, Mattbew, farmer 104 ANNIS, E. S., farmer 135 Annis, Augustus, farmer 84 Ames, B. BOWEN, CARLTON, dealer in produce, lumber, coal, plaster, &c. BARTON & CHAPIN, (H. A. Barton, W. Gbapin,) dealers In drugs, groce- ries, &c. BOWEN, FERGUSON, carpenter and joiner Byam, John W., attorney and cotmsellor lor at law Boardman, Mrs. E. A., millinery Bronson, W. H., resident Burr, Wm., blacKsmitU Briggs, B. F., produce dealer Bailey, Thos., farmer 160 BLAKE, B. J., farmer 300 Dailey, T., farmer 160 Brainard, James, farmer 10 Blake, Ruel L., farmer 2,650 BOLLES, ELTON, farmer 136 Cliapin, W. (Barton &, Chapiu) CARPENTER, JOHN H., lumber dealer Clark, E. Clark, E. L. Canlield, 0., farmer 60 Covert, J., farmer 13}^ CSapin, C, farmer 80 Clark, Mrs. Ama B., farmer 68 DAY, 0. W. & CO., hardware, paints and oils Durkee, B., painter DIXSON, E. R., farmer 80 Dixson, H., farmer 46 Densmore, Robert, farmer 72 DDRKEE, MELVIN E., leases 75 Francis, S., farmer 48 FOWLER, GEO., farmer 3K GREENHALGH, JAMES, planing mill, sash, doors and blinds, and prop, of Greenhalgh Hotel (Livonia sta- tion) Greenhalgh, R., resident Gillett, Moses, farmer no GOVE, D. Gove, Nathaniel, farmer 93 GULDNER & MILLER, merchants (but sold to Andrew Holden) Gale, C, painter HOLT, P. E., tailor and dealer in ready- made clothing HART, L. C, general speculator HDLBERT, Dr. JOEL C, Eclectic physi- cian HYDE, WALTER HAMILTON, A., farmer 25 Hopkins, J. R., produce dealer HOLMES, WM. M., leases 172 Handlln, James, farmer 20 Holden, Andrew, (successor to Guldner & Miller,) general merchant Handlln, P., farmer 10 HATCH, GEO. R., leases 131 JOHNSON, H. E., telegraph operator Jackson, Mrs. Mary A., farmer 7 KINGSBURY, H. D., produce dealer KING, Capt. JOHN,, agent for patent dial stove dampers, (oest in use ;) also, general speculator 102 LIViNGSTON COUNTY BUSINESS DIEECTOET. Iji-v:oiiia, Statioii, IV. 'Y. Fashionable Goods made to order in first-class style. Ready- made Clothing, Broadcloths, French Coatings, Cassimeres and Trimmings. Cutting done on short notice by experienced cut- ters. Our patterns and designs are new and imposing^ and possess every qualification to render them acceptable to gentle- men desiring fashionable and genteel garments. Also, agent for Weed's Sewing Machine. J. H. CARPENTEK, WHOLESALE AND KETAIL DEALER IN ALL KINDS OP HEMLOGE AND PINE LUMEEE, LATH, SHINGLES, FtiOORMG AND CE:il.lNG, AND CLiAPBOARDS, LIVONIA STATION, N. Y. Paiticular attention paid to the furnishing of bills of Lumber. A Wonderful Invention. A SOLID SCr.STANCE OB' UNIVERSAL UTILITY FROM COTTON. The conversion of the soft and fleecy fibre of cotton into a hard and solid substance like horn and ivory is one of the most remarkable discoveries which distinguish the inventive genius of the present age. This surprising transmutation of vegeta- ble matter has, however, been accomplished by diflferent persons almost simultaneously, both in Europe and this country, like many other great inventions. In England, Mr. Alexander Parkes has obtained a patent for a process of treating cotton, flax, and other vegetable fibres, to produce a new material, called Parkensite ; and in this country similar patents have been granted to Dr. William H. Pierson, Assistant Surgeon in the U. S. Navy, of Orange, N. J., and to Dr. John A. McClelland, a dentist, of Louisville, Ky. Tovrs OF LIVONIA. ' 103 1 1 Kerwin, J., rarmer 15 S.Uinger, Issacher, leases 50 KEYES, A. C, buuaer sriAllP, A. T , leases 130 Locke, H. F., employe at Livonia R. R. SiOAX, CHAS. S., leases 65 station BAXFORD, JOSEPH C, stock dealer and Locke, Mrs. B. farmer 130 Long, H., carpenter Stcclraan, B. L., farmer SO Long, Cliristoplier, farmer 110 Stoaxe, John A., painter LONG, ABEAM, leases 110 TIi.i 7cr, M. v., on M. 'WiUiams' est. 110 ! LONG, JACOB, farmer 5 Tiionipson, A. L., grocer Locke, Jobn, farmer 65 T;-0.i:.: sr, C, farmer leo"^ MOSES, WILBER, prop, of Baldwin Ho- V.i:i S!} .:e, John^ farmer 142 tel (Livonia Station) Vau SUke, James, farmer 12 Meacliem, Wm. G., physician and sur- Wo 10.1 ruff, Jeremiah, stock dealer geon wn • . NKf, C. E.. farmer 260 MEACHD>F, C, blacksmitU w: ;i ;v,R., laborer McCLINTOCK, WM. C, farmer 221 \V. ""\--. L. i!.. :.; _:cr McClintock, Abraham, farmer 128 \( ■ '.mi^, 0. i'., u'l ". Willi;vms est. 110 Mather, Joseph H., farmer 37 \V. . ,;-.us, 11. S., on y. W.l ".vms est. no KEEL, R. & SON, dealers m dry goods. \voou;'.l:'f, au.s. :n", ravaicri72 groceries, Ac. Williiu, , farmer 49 Neel, ft. sr. (R. Neel & Son) Neel, E.jr. (R.Neel&Son) NEFF, JACOB, farmer 87 Nottingham, Geo., farmer 40 LIVONIA. PRESTON, ADRIAN G., dentist PARKS, H. N., mason PRICE, 0. H., farmer 90 The following reEiilentj of the town of Pease, n., farmer 120 Livonia rcoeivetiica- mail at Livonia : Phalen, J., farmer 10 ADAMS, OSCATl, farmer 130 Price, Wilson, farmer 63 Adams, Ep'araim, farmer 174 Powell, Mrs. Rhoda, farmer 50 Armitige, Wm., fa.mcr 40 Powell, Jasper, farmer 41 Abby, Ciieuy, farmev 17 Price, Garret, farmer Abby, Edgar C, farmer ! Pemberton, E. A., farmer 165K BENEDICT, E., auctioneer j 1 RAMSDELL, GEO. F., agent U. S. Ex- Bailey, 0., produce dealer press and station agent (Livonia BLAKE, RUEL, farmer 250 station) Burdick, Clark, farmer 90 Ramsdell, F., bookkeeper at depot BEECHER, JOHN S., breeder of Ameri- Ennyan, Cornelius, farmer 2 can merino siiccp, farmer 165 Read, Mrs. Horatio, farmer 225 Bennett, Daniel, farmer 126 REED, J. C. farmer Burns, Wm., pedlar and farmer 16% RICHARDSON, PHILANDER, farmer 182 Bennett, A. C, farmer 120 SNYDEE, JOHN, boot and shoe maker Barnard, C. & B., farmers 153 Smith, P. M., grocer Bosley, D. B., speculator, leases 104 SANGEE, FEED'K, carpenter Barber, Wm. A., farmer 83 Sanger, J., mechanic Beck with, Ebenezer, painter 1 Smith, H. A., speculator Beecher, Mrs. Nancy Stewart, A., barkeeper Coy, Benjamin, farmer 80 Summers, M., cabinet maker Cavanah, D., farmer 18 Summers, , (witli M. Summers,) cabi- Costtloo, Wm., farmer 13 net maker Chamberlin, S. G. & Son, hop growers, SMrrn, LYMAN, farmer 21 farmers 6 104 A WONDERFUL INVENTION. These inventions are fundamentally alike in treating cotton, flax, and other vegetable fibre, by first converting it in the usual manner with nitro-sulphuric acid into pyroxiline or gun-cotton. The gun-cotton is then dissolved with ether and alcohol to pro- duce collodion. This cliemical preparation is the basis on which all the patents rest. The methods of mechanical treat- ment subsequent to the chemical process constitute the essential difference between the processes of the several inventors, and form the subjects of the various patents ; the results are sub- stantially the same. The solvents are evaporated from the solution of pyroxiline or gun-cotton by slow and difficult pro- cesses, and the residuum, when in a plastic state, is subjected to pressure in moulds to form it into a solid substance in any de- sired mass or shape. This new material is a substance as distinct from the original vegetable matter of which it is composed, as caoutchouk, or India rubber, in its natural state as a gum, is from vulcanized rubber. It resembles horn and ivory in texture and quality, and like those substances may be applied to the manufacture of combs, buttons, and various objects of use and ornament. In its pure state it is transparent like amber, and admits of any shade of coloring, from pure white to jet black. Dr. McClel- land has made a special application of it to dental plates in im- itation of the natural gum ; and for this purpose the purity of the substance, as well as its gi-eat strength and the beauty of the color, appears to adapt it admirably. Perfect imitations may also be made of coral and tortoise shell. This new discover}', indeed, promises to furnish to art and manufactures a most valuable acquisition. Remedy for Chafing. — Obese persons suffer greatly, espe- cially in warm weather, from chafing. Nothing is better than a wash of alum dissolved in water, and applied with a linen or cotton rag. TOWN OF LIVONIA. 105 Chamberlln, W. E. (S. G. Chamberlin & Pratt, Mrs. G. F., farmer 8 Son) PAYNE, Mrs. M. T., seamstress Coy, Edwin E., leases 80 Phalon, Daniel, farmer 16K Dixson, Robert, retired, owns 6 acres RICHMOND, Majsr JAMES, farmer 100 DIXSON, WM., fai-mer 128 ' RICHMOND, C. H., M. D., physician and Blbbell, Mrs. M., farmer 9 surgeon DIBBELL, CHAS., farmer 155 Runyan, E., laborer Day, Sidney B., watclimalier and farmer RISDEN, S., farmer 62 53 Ryanfwm., fanner lo Dewey, John, carpenter Ramsdell, Mrs. Polly Fellows, M. S., carpenter . Smith, Hon. Lewis E., farmer 130 Francis, Wm., tinman Salsich, Joseph, wagon mater Faly, Wm., laborer i SiU, Dr. A., physician and surgeon, ins. FOWLER, N. H., breeder of Durham cat- agent and farmer 16 tle and farmer 98 Smith, L. E., farmer 140 Fowler, S. B., farmer 68 Scott, G., retired farmer GIBBS, LEMUEL, farmer 88 Swan, E. D., farmer 112 Gibbs, Augustus, farmer 80 SMITH, WM., farmer 320 \3ibbB, M. F., farmer 130 STONE, JOEL, farmer 330 GRAGG, G. S., life ins. agent, leases 5S Slatterly, Thos., farmer 6C Gibbs, Morton, farmer 105 SMITH, GEO., farmer 40 Gibbs, A. S., farmer 103 SIMPSON, ALEXANDER GIBBS, B. S., breeder of Spanish merino THURSTON, J. B., dealer in dry goods. sheep and farmer 65 groceries, boots, shoes, &c. Gibbs, Mrs. Esther Thurston. D. S., clerk for J. B. Thur- HALLOCK, GEO. N., general produce ston dealer TUllRILL, JOHN, carpenter and farmer Hoare, K., blacksmith 10 Jackman, II. R., leases 5 Thurston, Robert, farmer 16>^ JACKMAN, GEO. W., farmer 118 WOODRUFF, S. 0., broker in N. Y. City, JEROME, W. S., farmer 144 owns farm in Livonia 350, P. 0. ad- Eavanagh, John, farmer 61 dress N. Y. City and Livonia Kanney, Dennis, farmer lOK Walker, J., gunsmith Knowles, Henry, farmer 145 Whalen, John, farmer 15 LEWIS, R. J., farmer 103 Woolcott, H. B., farmer 7 Moroy, H. J., Postmaster andwagon ma- Woodruff, Buell D., farmer 145 ker Welton, Garret, farmer 134 MURPHY, MARTIN, boot and shoe maker MAGHER, LAWRENCE, farmer 1 Martin, J., farmer 4 McMann, Mike, farmer 10 Meagher, John, farmer lOO Magher, Mrs. B., farmer 12 LAKEVI^LE. McCrossen, J., tanner of furs McCREDDEN, THOS., blacksmith 1 Noonan, P., farmer 2 The following residents of the town of Osborn, H., farmer 3)i Livonia receive their mall at Lake- vffle: Pitchen, Ira, farmers Parmeiee, Rev. A. H. Armstrong, S. C, farmer 2K Pratt, S. W., resident ACKER, Mrs. PHffiBE, farmer 41 13 106 THE DESTEUCTION OF NOXIOUS INSECTS. The Destruction of Noxious Insects BY MEjVNS op the PYRETHKUM (PERSIAN INSECT POWDER.) Mr. Willemot, of France, has recently published, in the Tech- nologist, an interesting paper, on the cultivation and use of the Pyrethrum (P. carneum), of which the celebrated Persian pow- der for the destruction of insects is prepared. This powder was first introduced into France in 1850, and came exclusively from districts of Persia and the Caucasus. Within a few years, however, the plant itself has been introduced into France, and at the present date is cultivated successfully and in large quan- tities. It is described as a small perennial shrub, froni twelve to fifteen inches in hight, bearing flowers an inch and a half in diameter, and resembling those of the ox-eye daisy {Chrysanthe- mum Leucaiithemwn.) Its cultivation is easy, and its appearance quite ornamental. It flowers from June to September, and may be propagated by layers as well as by seed. The parts of the plants from which the powder is made are the dried flower-heads, gathered when ripe, on fine days, and dried by exposure to the sun. In the process of desiccation they lose about 90 per cent. When perfectly dried, they are reduced to powder. A quantity of these plants grown upon eighteen square rods is estimated to furnish one hundred pounds of powder, which is best preserved in sealed vessels of glass. The application is made either as a powder or as an infusion, though in the latter form it is more beneficial, especially when intended for the de- struction of insects on plants. The powder may be employed du-ectly to the insects themselves, or in the places which they frequent. They are attracted by its smell, become stupefied, and immediately die. This substance may be employed with- out injury to the larger animals, or to men. It is estimated that the amount of this powder consumed annually in Russia alone is about 500 tons. TOWN OP lilVONIA. 107 Acker, F. M., blacksmith Rathbon, P., farmer 1 ARMSTRONG, THOS., farmer 180 Rowland, H. J., carpenter Ames, G. R., farmer IJi STOWELL, J. C, blacksmith and car- Ames, C, laborer }i riage maker BAKER, Rev; A. SIIEPARD, C. G., cooper and farmer 1 BATTORF, GEO. W., farmer 2 SHEPARD, E. E., cooper and farmer BOSLEY, W. E., general merchant and m farmer 30 WELLS, JAMES, farmer 19 Bryant, Wm., blacksmith and farmer 35 WEST, E. N., general mechanic and Bryant, G. C, farmer farmer 2 BIRGE, A. 0., leases 174 WESTLAKE, WM., manuf. of Wcstlake's Bishop, J. E., farmer 6 Vcg. Ointment and farmer 14 Bartlctt, 0. B., farmer 40 WKIGHT, S. N., carpenter and farmer 9 Beach, Mrs. M. J., farmer 5 COOK, ISRAEL, resident CARPENTER, IRA, carpenter and farm- er 2 ■ CLARK, L., manuf. of Hour, feed and lumber, farmer 243 LIMA. Carpenter, J., farmer 2 Dubois, H. B., tailor ■ Eddy, Louisa and Lovina 2X The follovping residents of the town of GRAY, WM., farmer 30 Livonia receive their mail at Lima : GAYLORD, SYLVESTER, joiner Armitage, Michael, farmer 13 Gilbert, J. M., harness maker and farmer 14 BEMAN, ISAAC N., farmer 142 Golden, T., farmer 2 Beman, Edward, farmer 143 Gray, David, farmer 150 HADDOCK, JOHN, farmer 50 GRAY, MATTHEW, laborer X HO GEN, MICHAEL, farmer 20 HANNA, GEO. W., farmer 170 Jones, Elnathan, farmer 125 Hendershott, Wm. D., farmer 1 Peel, John, farmer 55 HAMMOND, C. C, mason and farmer 4 Taylor, Daniel H., farmer 80 HOYT, GEO., farmer 3 Hebbard, Rev. Geo. H., Christian clergy- man and farmer 35 HIER, JESSE, farmer X KIMBAEK, WM., prop, of Upper Lake- villo Hotel and farmer 21 HEMLOCK LAKE. KINGMAN, N., laborer LINSLEY, S., cooper 1 Markham, W., carpenter and farmer 4X The following residents of the town of Millman, B., farmer 7 Livonia receive their mail at Hemlock Millman, E., farmer la Lake : Messenger, Peter, laborer ARCHER, BENJAMIN, harness maker NORTHROP, G. C, civil engineer and and carriage trimming farmer 2 Austin, B. P. (Cook & Austin) Northrop, Mrs. M. S. Ackley, Channcey, laborer PARSONS, DWIGHT, prop, of Lower Armstrong, John, farmer 57 Lakeville Hotel Adams, A., grist and saw mills Pierce, B. S., shoemaker and farmer ix Adams, Asel, farmer REMINGTON, M. D., farmer 143 Archer, Alijah, farmer 80 Remington, Orrin, retired farmer BOOTH, GEO. A., carriage mannfaclurer 108 THE DESTKTJCTION OF NOXIOUS INSECTS. The principal insects to which the powder of the Pyrethrum is destructive, may be arranged under four classes — first, insects injurious to agriculture and horticulture ; second, insects obnox- ious to man and his habitation ; third, insects destructive to certain substances, as wool, furs, feathers ; and fourth, insects injurious to inuseums ol animal and vegetable products, and collections of natural history. We do not pretend to enumer- ate all the insects to which the powder is destructive ; it will suffice to mention a few instances, which will sufficiently show what applications may be made of it. Our domestic animals — dogs, cats, fowls, pigeons, etc., — are subject to annoyance from insects, which cannot withstand the effects of this powdeu. Of the numerous insects injurious to agriculture and horticulture, we may mention the following which have been destroyed by it : the weevil, bark-beetle, wheat-fly, maggots, cocci, aphides, earwigs, spiders, ants, etc. It is evident that not only the per- fectly developed insects are destroyed, but also the larvaj, which in some cases do greater injury than the insects themselves. Large depots where military stores or navy supplies are kept, and especially extensive bakeries, may use the powder with great advantage for the destruction of weevils, midges, crick- ets, cockroaches, etc., the great plague of those establishments. The powder is equally efficacious in destroying insects which are a constant source of annoyance to the inhabitants of cities and the country. Gnats and mosquitoes are bajiished ; bugs, fleas and flies disappear from houses under its influence. The powder of the Pyrethrum applied to furs, feathers, wool- ens, objects of natural history and botanical herbariums, acts also as a complete protection against insect ravages, while as regards the human subject it is perfectly iimocuous. In using the powder, says M. Willemot, it must be applied carefully and in sufficient quantity, otherwise the result will be unsatisfac- tory, especially if used against some of the hardy or very resist- ing species of insects. Occasionally the powder, by being exposed to the air or moisture, will have lost its destructive properties, so as to render the result doubtful and wholly in- TOWN OF LIVONIA. 109 Bliss, Wm. E., drugs and medicinss, clerk Barnes, Wm. A., spinner BUGBEE, Miss EMMA BLACKMEE, MIRON H., breeder of Dur- • ham cattle, farmer 270 Blakeslee, Wm., farmer 51 COOK & AUSTIN, niannf. and dealers in boots and shoes " CARROLL, E. M., general merchant Cook, G. H. {Cook & Austin) Corrigan, Patrick, farmers COYKENDALE, LEVI, breeder of French merino sheep, leases i:^ Crane, Benjamin, farmer 40 DAVIS, D. G., cnstom and ready-made clothiiu; Dimn, Mrs. H., tailorees Egen, John, leases 1 Furgeson, G. L!, butcher. FERGUSON, HIRAM T., blacksmithing and carriage iroyng FITZGERALD, GEO. W., breeder of Dur- ham cattle and farmer 278 Gilbert & Fox, drugs, groceries and li- quors GUEIN, OSCAE B., blacksmith and Car- iage manufacturer GIBBS, A. A., Allopathic physician Guerin, Jared, carpenter GREEN, JOSEPH L., farmer 23 Gilbert, J. H., custom miller HANCHETT, D. H., prop. Metropolitan Hotel (Hemlock Lake) Hoppough, M. D. & H. P., millers HaUock, G. N. (Smith & Hallock) HUDSON, Miss M. C, dry gooas and Yankee notions Hanchett, Oliver, retired farmer 101 Hnrlburt, Mrs. Jennie M., milliner Harder, Wm., farmer 140 Hayward, Mrs. Z., hop grower and farmer 106 HAYWARD, DAVID L. Hawley, Mrs. E. B. JOHNSTON, DAVID, leases 100 Jerome, Nelson H., farmer 80 Jerome, Myron D., firmer 140 JACQUES, E. E., summer boarding house and farmer 27a Knowles, Geo. (Wemctt & Knowles) KINNEY & NOETON, dealers in general merchandise Kinney, A. H. (Kinnery & Norton) KINNEY, J. H., manuf. and dealer in boots and shoes Knapp, Mrs. E., farmer 20 Kinney, Jacob W., farmer 44 Lightfoot, Wm., farmer LINDSLEY, M. F. . stock dealer and farm- er 221 MORGAN & STEVENS, general mer- chants, dry goods, groceries, &c. Morgan, G. D. (Moi^n & Stevens) MARSH. N. C, foreman Hemlock Lake Mills MOETON, Miss SARAH A., tailoross Millard, II. A., horticultax"al agent Mallory, Rev. James, Baptist clergyman MATHER, N. W. & SONS, prop, woolen factory Mackey, Wm., farmer 50 Marsh, Gilbert, fanner 222 NORTHROP, S. H., attorney and coun- sellor at law Norton, E. S. (Kinney & Norton) Owen, Sherman, farmer 2 OWEN, L. J., pedlar Owen, H. A., dealer in furs Parker, S. W., farmer 215 Pardee, Amos J., jeweler Rouse, Jerome, Deputy Sherifl' REYNALB, H. 0., photographic artist RITZENTHALER, GEO,, cooper, manuf. tight bbls., &c. Stevens, M. I. (Morgan & Stevens) Stacy, David S., blacksmith Scott, John, cabinet maker Short, L. C, former 102 Smith & Hallock, butchering Smith, E. (Smith & Hallock) Short, Miss S., dressmaker and farmer 36 Short, Miss E., teacher and farmer 35 Short, Jasper, firmer 35 SHORT, S. T., breeder of Spanish merino sheep and farmer 190 Short, J. C, breeder of Spanish merino sheep and farmer 244 SHORT, NATHAN, breeder of Spanish merino sheep and firmer 261 Scidmore, Wm., farmer 100 Stephens, Robert R., breeder of Spanish merino sheep and farmer 212 SHARP, LYMAN, farmer 37>^ 110 THE DESTETJCTION OF NOXIOUS INSECTS. efficient ; at others the result has been unsatisfactory, because the most favorable moment for the operation Has been over- looked. A rainy or wet day, for instance, always lessens the destructive efficacy, because the powder, containing a very volatile essential oil, renders the conservation of this principle extremely difficult. Of all the methods for applying the powder to plants attacked ' by insects, including the vine, the bellows will best accomplish the object. As there is only a small quantity of j)Owder thrown at once, the loss will be very small, while in any other way a good deal of it will fall upon the ground. The powder should be directly applied to the parts operated on, and with care and precaution it may be made to penetrate into the most inacces- sible parts of a plant. If, for instance, a plant has been attacked by plant lice, which are often hidden or masked by thick fol- iage, it will become necessary to turn aside this foliage, so as to have the insects exposed, and the powder directly brought into contact with them. In all cases these operations should take place on a warm day, the morning being always preferable. A slight moisture arising from the morning dew will make the powder more easily adhere to the spots where it is applied, and maintain its properties long enough to cause the death of the insects. The insufflation should be renewed several times, according to the nature and number of insects to be destroyed. The first operation generally stupefies them, while at the second or third application they lose their strength, fall to the ground, and die sooner or later. M. Willemot also states, that by mixing the Pyrethrum pow- der with wheat, in the proportion of two ounces to two or three bushels previous to sowing the grain, the ravages of the wheat- midge may be entirely prevented. TO'WN OF LIVONIA. Ill Short, Mrs. Naney M., fanner 52 CHAMBERLIN, SETH N., farmer 169 Sherwood, Orman, farmer 27 Coe, Lewis, farmer 120 Thurston, Geo. G., farmer 30 Doyl, J., farmer 20 TURNER, P. S., farmer 154 Decker, John C, farmer 160 Turner, Channccy P., farmer 77 Dilts, Samuel, farmer 66 Thurston, Silas E., hop grower and farm- Densmore, David H., fanner 140 er 200 Deusmore, David, fanner 107 THURSTON, NANCY DAMON, LYMAN P., leases W, Van Fasseu, T. J.» drugs and groceries Darrow, John, carpenter Wright, E. M., butcher Pox, E. H. (Gilbert & Pox) Wicks, Geo., painter Harrington, P., farmer 1 Wells, John, blacksmith Hartson, Arnold, farmer 30 Wheaton, Samuel W., farmer 100 Hartson, Edwin C, farmer 30 White, E. A., farmer IGO HALL, THOS., leases 2 WEMETT, W. A. (Wemett & Knowles) HOOVER, FREDERICK, farmer 3 WHEATON, S. J. K. HOLMES, WM., Hop grower, leases a Wright, Ephraim, farmer 7 Hastings, Alonzo N., telegraph opera- Wemett & Knowles, fonndi-y and agricul- tor tural works HITCHCOCK, CHAS. M., farmer 240 Jackman, Mrs. M. S. Kenney, H. E., agent M. V. Express KIEHLE, ABRAM, farmer 80 KENNEDY, GEO. W., blaclcsmlth Lindsley, Daniel, farmer 60 RICHMOND MILLS. LINDSLEY, FREEMAN W., cooper, man- ufacturer of tight bbls., Ac. Lewis, Wm. P., farmer 63 The following residents of the to^vn of Li- Long, Christopher jr., farmer lOO vonia receive their mail at Richmond MCDONALD, G. L., agent E. E. R- Mills, Ontorio county : MCDONALD, 6. B. & B. G., cheese man- ufacturers and farmers 200 Bennett, Elezar, farmer SO Jack, John, leases 102 Marean, Ransom, Baptist clergyman OdeU, Harr^, farmer 80 PATTERSON, J. C, M. D., Allopathic physician PATTERSON, WM. H., dealer in general merchandise PURDY, EBENEZER, farmer 100 SOUTH LIVONIA. Patterson, Wm. H. Purdy, Coles, farmer 60 Ray, Abel, farmer 160 The following residents of the town of Livonia receive their mail at South Li- Sharp, Timothy, farmer 165 Sharp, Titus, farmer 100 vonia : SHARP, GEO. M., farmer 14 BEAESS, ALVIN J., fanner 00 SHARP, OSCAR L. Brown, James, farmer 14 SANGER, SAMUEL D., carpenter Backus, Andrew J., farmer ISO SAEGER, JOHN, blacksmith BRIMNEE, JOHN, shoemaker Smith, Lewis, farmer 72 Chambcrlin, Lewis J., farmer 250 TRESCOrr, C. T., farmer 174 CLANOAY, PATRICK, laborer Vansickle, James, farmer 65 Coe, Flavins J., farmer 187 Vansickle, John L., farmer 80 Ohapin, A. J., farmer 100 WALLACE, JAMES H., farmer 82?^. 112 OZONE EXHAI/BD BY PLANTS. Ozone Exhaled by Plants. In an elaborate raemoii" presented to the Academy of Sciea- ces, at Paris, M. Kosmann gives an account of a series of experiments in regard to this subject, carried on at his own house in the middle of Strasburg, in the Botanic Garden of that city, and in a spacious garden above thirty miles from it ; these three places seeming to offer the differences which should characterize vegetation in the midst of towns and that of the country in various degi-ees. He made use of Schonbein's ozon- ometric scale and ozonoscopic bands, fixed on the plants. For details we must refer to the Comptes Rendus. He gives the fol- lowing as the results of his observations from July 29 to Sept. 14 last. (He proposes to resume his studies in the Spring.) — "1. Plants give off ozonized oxygen from the midst of their leaves and green parts. 2. Their leaves give off during the day ozonized oxygen in ponderable quantity, much greater than that which exists in the surrounding air. 3. During the night this'Qifference disappears where vegetables are sown sparingly ; but where there is an accumulation of plants, and they grow vigorously, even in the night the ozone observed in the plants is greater than in the air, which is, doubtless, explained by sup^ posing that the ozone disengaged during the day continues to surround the plants during the night when the weather is calm. 4. Plants in the country give off more ozone than those in the town during the day, — probably due to vegetative life being more active, — the former- also reducing more carbonic acid. 5. Hence we may infer that the air of the country and that of habitations surrounded by vast gardens, forests, etc., is more vivifying than that of towns. 6. In the midst of ,towns and a concentrated population, the ozone of the air at night is more considerable than the ozone of the air by day. If we go away a little from this concentration of men, and enter into that_of plants, the excess of the ozone of the night above that of the ' day diminishes ; and \f we advance further into the countiy, TOWN OF UVONIA. 113 WHEELER, W. W., general apecolator Wleeler, Warren, farmer 190 Warrington, James H. farmer 50 SOUTH LIMA. Xbe following residents of the town of Livonia receive their mail at South Lima : Armstrong, H., farmer 67 BEARDSLEY, N. W., farmer 178 BANKER, U., farmer 46 Brewer, E. L., farmer 110 Bronson, C, farmer 60 Bronson, S. G., farmer H Babb, H., taUor 2 BILLMAN, GEO., farmer 67 KELLER, F., farmer 60 LIVERMORE, R. E., farmer 75 UcDonaia, Gerothman, farmer 83 Uinihen, J., farmer S Hm'phy, P., farmer 15 WHALEN, WM. H., farmer 3 14 114 PHOSPHOKOS IN VEGETATION. where plants are more nuinerous than men, the ozone of the day becomes more considerable than that of the night. 7. The interior of the corollas gives off no ozonized oxygen. 8. In dwelling-rooms oxygen does not generally exist in the ozonized- state." Phospliorus in Vegetation. M. Benjamin Corenwinder has lately contributed a volumin- ous paper to the French Academy describing experiments which shed much light on the manner in which phosphorus ex- erts such a beneficial effect on vegetation. The results he arrives at are : 1. That plants when young always yield ashes rich in phos- phoric acid, but that after the plant has produced its seed or fruit, the stem or leaves contain very little of that princple. 2. • That phosphoric acid exists in plants in close combination with nitrogenous matter. 3. That the organs of plants, not containing any nitrogen, and ill-adapted for food, contain no phosphates. 4. That the exudations of plants, such as manna and gum- arabic, do not generally contain phospohric acid. 5. That if the skeleton of a young plant be separated from the pulpy matter, all the phosphoric acid remains in the latter ; so that, unlike the skeletons of animals, those of plants do not owe their solidity to any phosphates. 6. That marine plants, grown on rocks, contain a large quantity of phosphates, as also the pollen of flowers, and the spores of cryptogamous plants. An examination of the United States statistics of manufac- turers, shows a clear increase in wages in 186C, of upwards of 60 per cent, as compared with the wages paid in 18C0. TOWN OF MT. MOBEIS. 115 ]yrT. Is/LOFiT^lB. BROOK'S (iKOVE. The following resWents of tUe town of Mt. Morris receive their mall at Brook's Grove: Alvord, Geo. P., leases loo ALVORD. PHINEAS, farmer 280 Andrews. Lansing, farmer 93 BROOKS, M. W., farmer 275 Bartholomew, A., farmer 150 BROOKS, LAURA A., farmer 30 BROOKS, CATHARfNE P., farmer 130 Brown, David, farmer 1 Bryant, John, farmer 120 Brownell, Mrs. Cihrlstlna, farmer 80 Christopher, Abner, farmer 1 Christopher, Martin, farmer Carrier, Miss M. S., post master Carrier, J. A., farmer 19 CARY, Rev. C. C, Pastor Methodist church Chilson, James F., farmer 60 CHILSON, FRANK M. Cogswell, S. B., farmer 123 Case, W. H., farmer 142 COOK, MOSES, farmer 1 COOK, JOSEPH, shoe mater COVET, HOUDIM, farmer 78 Christopher, L, laborer DURTEE, JOSIAH, carpenter and joiner Deegan, William, farmer HI DEEGAN, D. A., farmer DIEFFENBACHER, SAM'L, farmer 80 Dawnes, E., farmer 1 Foot, G. W., farmer 143 Green, James, farmer Giles, Joseph, A., farmer 200 HOUGHTON, SAMUEL, leases 275 How, William, farmer 11,'4 HAGADORN, CHAUNCEY, carpenter and joiner Hagardorn, Wm., farmer 150 Howell, Isaac, farmer lis Hogland, Henry, farmer 39 Hogland, Benjamin, fanner 145 Howell, David 0., farmer 205 Knibloe, J. P , farmer 140 Eyes, John W., farmer 50 Larue, Asa, farmer 80 Miller, H. J., fanmer 50 Miller, William C, farmer 60 McHERREN, JAMES, farmer 226 Mc Carty, Stephen farmer 2 NELSON, JOHN, farmer 133 PRATT, ADDISON, blacksmith Roberts, E. H., hotel RocRafellow, Mrs., farmer 21 ROYCE, W. S., leases 67M Swallow, T. P., farmer 45 Vandusen, P. L., farmer 2 VANAESDAL, HENRY, farmer 77 >^ Wilcox, E., farmer 35 Whltnack, Thomas, leases 325 WILEY, A. B., leases 80 WILLIAMS, LEWIS, farmer 72 Williams, George, farmer 87 Williams, B., farnier 120 CASTILE. The following residents of the town of Mt. Morris receive their mail at Castile, Wyoming county: MERITHEW, P. L., far.mer 20}^ WEED, PERRY, farmer 72 116 LIVINGSTON COTOTTT BUSINESS DIBECTOKT. HUGH HARDING, mm hm zomrmrm mm, (ESTABIjISHBD in 1831.) IvlT. IvIOFlPtlS, IST. Y. School and Miscellaneous Books, Wall Papers, Curtains and Borders, 8@- ALL THE NEW PUBLICATIONS OF THE DAY ON HAND...@{r TOWN OF MT. MOBBIS. 117 MT. MORRIS. The following nsidente of the town of Mt Morris receive their mall at Mt Horrls: ADAMS, C. B., attorney at law, 1 Main St. AUSTIN, K, harness mannf., Main st. AMES, L. J., physician end snrgeon. Main St Annls, Jacob, fanner Ames, H. G., R. R. conductor, residence Hnrray st. ALLEN, WM. P., mannf .iDmber.Grove st. Ashton, W. M., bntcher, 21 Chapel St. Arnold, A. H., farmer 195 Arnold, R. G., farmer lOO Adams, Franklin, farmer 10 ASHTON, MATHEW, farmer 125 Ament, E. L., farmer 135 Anan, Joseph, farmer 105 Annls, Wm. R., dealer in patents, 89 Main street American Hotel, J. I). Wallace, prop'r Bacon, D. N., civil engineer, 73 Main St. BROWN, H. E., cashier of Genesee River National Bank, Main st. BOND, JAMES R, dealer in real estate, State at. Bingham, A. M., atfy at law, Main st. Bingham, C. L., att'y at law, Main st. Bump & Fray, farmers 190 Bnmp, Harvey, (Bnmp t Pray) BROWN, F. D., dentist, Main St. Branchy Geo. W., physician and snrgeon. Mam St. Brace, S. E., grocer, 23 Main st. Bnrk, Richard, hotel. Canal St. Braman, C. S., (Humphry & Braman) BITELL, H., wood tamer, 19 Stanley St. Burt, Geo. W., bntcher, Main St. BINGHAM & COY, hardware merchants. Main St. Bingham, Lncios C, (Bingham & Coy) • Baker, E. M., dry goods, Main st. Bacon, J. B., variety store. Chapel St. EOESE, H. R., llsh dealer and saloon, Main St. Beggs, Miss M., milliner, 9 Chapel st. Bnrligame, Flatt, blacksmith, Main St. BODINE, J. H.& Co., mannf.of the cele- brated Bodlne'B Jonval Turbine Wa- ter wheel, sand irons, tc. Bodine, Joseph H., (J. H. Bodine i. Co.) res. 8 Hopkins st. Bnmy, Wm. A. M., saw filing, Clinton st. BROOKINS, J. H., leases loo Bills, Nathan D., farmer, Murray St. Beach, Alvah, Murray st. Begole, J. & J., farmers 260 Balcom, H. A., A. M. Baker, John, laborer Baker, J., farmer 140 BLISS, SHEPARD, leases 100 Booth, Wm., ag't Genesee Valley B. R. CHASE & BROCKWAY., manufs. spokes, ax and pick handles CHILSON, JACOB, general ins. agt. and farmer 160 CONNELL, JAMES, ready-made coffins, and cabinet ware. Main st. CAMPBELL, JAMES, excelsior shaving saloon, Main et. Coy, Henry, (Bingham & Coy) Oardozo, P. M., tailor. Main st. CONKEY, A., auctioneer and commission merchant. Main st. COY, LORIN, shoe and leather dealer, Main St. Cohen, J., ready-made clothing. Main st. CREVELING, J. 0., manuf. and dealer in boots and shoes. Main st. Curtis, E. D., mower and reaper agent. Canal St. CAMP, MOSES, justice, Main St. Cllne, Mrs. Emeline, carpet weaver, Clin- ton st CHILSON, JAMES N., auctioneer and farmer, 100 Conklin, Egbert, farmer 68K CHAMBERLAIN, O. L., miner, 19 Mur- ray st Cwiger, M., bridge builder, Murray st. CARLEY, JOHN A., farmer Conklin, James, farmer 183 CONCELm, R. R., leases 136 Casity, Daniel, fanner 20 Clark, Ozro, farmer soo Case, David, farmer 50 CASE, STERUNG, farmer 84 COX, HENRY, breederofSpanish merino sheep and farmer 110 Clarkson, Wm., farmer 136 Crane, George, farmer 150 118 IJVINGSTON COXjNTT BUSINESS DIRECTOEX, WILLSON'S HAT STORE. A full stock of Hats,"Caps, Furs and Gent's Furnishing Goods always on hand. SILK & SOFT HATS RE-MODELED and made fashionable. NEW SILK AND CASSIMERE HATS MADE TO ORDER Customers' Silk Hats kept ironed in good order free of charge. Furs repaired. Raw Furs bought. W. H. WILLSON & SOU, MAm ST., MT. MORRIS, K Y. f i®il®tt Bill Imiiiitoil ffif MORRIS, LIVINGSTON, CO., N. Y., HENNEA & PARKER, - - Proprietors. We offer the following: Standard and Dwarf Apple Trees, Standard and Dwarf Pear Trees, Cherry, Plum, Peach, Apricot, Nectarine Trees, Quinces, HARDY «& FOREIGN GRAPE VINES Cun-ants, Gooseberries, Blackberries, Strawbemes, Asparagus and Rhubarb roots. Ornamental Trees and Shrubs, Evergi-een Trees and Shrubs, Hedge Plants, Roses, Green-House Plants, &c. JOHN B. HENNEK. GEO. D. PAKKEK. LIVINGSTON COUNTY AGENCY FOR NO. 60 MAIN STREET., MT. MORRIS, N. ¥. The subscriber, having permenantly located at Mt. Morris, is prepared at all times to furnish those in want, with the most perfect Sewing Machine in use. All styles of the Singer Machine constantly on hand and sold at Manufacturer's prices, fully warranted for five years. Machines delivered in any part of the county, and all istructions free. Also, agent for RIST'S KNITTING MACHINES, the most perfect knitter ever made. Call and see them work. E B. ROBINSON, Agent. TOWN OF MT. MOEBIS. 119 Case, Albert, farmer 71 Dunning, F., miller DEAN, A. P., carriage maker, Main St. DENISON, N., blacksmitli. Canal st. DARBOLL, JOHN L., carpenter and join- r er, Murray si. DONOVAN, COENELIUS, carpenter and joiner, Cliapel st. DATES, H., confectionery, Cliapel St. Dawley, Mrs. .fane, gardner 5 DEAN, ISAAC, laborer DUNNING, N. S., farmer 125 Degroff, John I., broom maker Dalrymple, Levi, farmer 104 Dalrymple, Thomas, farmer 200 Devinney, William, farmer 37 Dayfoot, H. M., homaaoijatlilc physician, 60 Main St. Eagle Hotel, H. H. Scoville, proprietor FRANKLIN, Rev. T.L., pastor St. John's church. State st. FERRIS, J. J., slate and gravel roofing, Chapel St. Ford, A. L., (J. H. Bodlne & Co.) FRENCH, A. F. & R. T. W-, dealers In broom com, 68 Chapel st. FRENCH, A. F., (A. F. & R. T. W. French) FRENCH, R.T.W., (A.F. & R.T. W.French) FRALET, CHARLES, farmer Hopkins St. Frost, W. A., leases 75 Forrest, J. G., farmer 182 GORMAN, JOHN, manuf. and dealer in boots and shoes, Main st. GAMBLE, DAVID, blacksmith, State St. Galbraith, S. B. & A., Exchange Mills, State St. Grover, A. M., shoe maker, Chapel st. GAMBLE, THOMAS, foreman farmer for R. Olaphant, 500 Green, G. A., wood dealer GLADDING, C. H., farmer 180 Goff, A., mechanic, 60 Murray St. Gladding, Hiram H., farmer 186 Galevan, Michael, farmer 8 GALBRAITH, PATRICK, farmer Gladding, John, farmer 70 Gardner, Rev. Clias., pastor M.E. church, Chapel St. Garlinghouse, Joseph GAMBLE, JAMES, saloon. Chapel St. Guile, Justus J., farmer 120 GEORGE, JOHN W., farmer 145 HARDING, HUGH, editor of Union and Constitution, 29 Main st Harding, Chas., clerk for U. Harding, 29 Main St. HINDS, A., proprltor Phelps Hotel HASTINGS, F. E., dry goods & groceries, Main St. HENRY, JOSEPH,cabinet maker,Main St. HUMPHRY & BRAMAN, propr's Egity mills, State St. Humphry, W. H., (Humphry & Braman) HILL, T. A., foreman machine shop Hcnnessy, T. clothing, Main st. Horet, Leonhard, shoemaker. Main st. HALSTED, JOHN I., livery and sale sta- bles, res. 12 Hopkins St. HUF ACKER, JOHN, cooper. Chapel St. HOLLY, S. M., cabinet maker. Chapel St. Hofner, John P., saloon. Chapel st. HIRT, JOHN, carriage maker. Main st. HENNER & PARKER, propr's Prospect Hill Nursery Henner, John B., (Henner & Parker) Hlnman, Mrs. L., Murray st. Harris, Edwin, pattern maker, Murray St. HALSTED, ISAAC, retired, res. Main St. Hughs, T., farmer Hunt, J. B., cooper, Murray st. IIAMLING, Mrs. ELIZABETH M., owns farm 54, residence 67 Main st. HAMPTON, WM. H., house, sign and carriage painter. Chapel st. Jones, Geo. W., (Swan & Jones) JOEL, GEO., clothing cl st. Leddick, John, farmer 67 Lake, 0. D., asa't assessor internal reve- nue. Main St. 120 MVINGSTON COUNTY BUSINESS DrBECTEEY. LORIN COT'S BOOT & SHOE STORE, Main St., South of Phelps House, Mt. Morris, N.Y. Where will be found at wholesale and retail a large stock of BOOTS AND SHOES, LEATHER AND FINDIN&S, SHOP KITS, &C. Work made to order by experienced workmen. Particular attention paid to repairing. Cash paid for hides. K. D. BRO-WN, SURGEON ^ DENTIST, NO. 29 1.2 MAIN STREET, MT. MORRIS, N. T., {OTEB miiliEB'S DBUG STOBE,) All operations carefully performed. Auesthies administered in all cases if desired and advisable. All kinds of plate work made in the most approved manner. DRS. DAYFOOT & THOMAS, hom:ceopiia.thic Physicians <£ Surgeons Comer Main and Lake Sts., Mt. Morris, N. T. Particular attention given to treatment of Chronic Difficul- ties and diseases of the Throat and Lungs. BATHS, ELECTRICITY, Oxygen and Medicated Inhala- tions, and all the modern appliances for the cure of disease. H. M. DAYFOOT, M. D. W. H. THOMAS, M. B. F. E. H:-A.STIlSrGi-S, DEAIiEB m STAPLE AND FANCY DEY GOODS ! Cloths, Cassimeres, GrocerieSj&c, MAIN STREET, PHELPS HOUSE BLOCK, m:t. Mox&ie.is, n. 'r. TO'WN OF MT. MOKEIS. 121 Mills, H. P., presiaent Genesee Elver Na- tional Bank, res. Murray Bt. Millard, A. B., stone ana tlnwaie MAETIN,'C. E., merctiant tailor. Main St. MORGAN, F. W., house, sign ana car- riage painter, Chapel st. MUIs, J. E., groceries, crocRery, &or, 33 Main st. MILLER, H. W., aruggist, 31 Main st. McNEILLY, ISAAC,'livery staWe.Maln St. MoARTHDR, JOHN, blacksmith,Canalst. Marsh, John, harness maker. Chapel st. MINHAN, DEKNIS, -leases 40 McNeily, Thos., blacksmith, State St. MILLS, 0. H. & H. P., fanners 32K Maltble, Mllo H., farmer 62 Marvin, Mose, fanner 93 Miller, Mrs. H. R., Murray St. MILLS, MINARD, farmer 107 MoNAIR, JAMBS H., fanner 666 Moses, Miss Amelia, farmer 60 McNAIR, M. B., breeder of Durham cat- tle and farmer 260 McCormick, Patrick, farmer 8 MCCORMICK, CHAS., farmer McNair, Charles B., farmer 203 McNalr, Hugh, farmer McNair, George S., farmer 156 MILLS, SIDNEY H., farmer 108 MOSS, ALRED J., retired. State St. Mahoney, George, farmer 25 Moyer, Mrs. E., farmer 84 Moyer, Levi, farmer 60 Moyer, Aaron, farmer 95 / Moyer, WilUam, farmer 69 Morgan, Charles F., M. D., Main st. MoGowen, Rev. Father, K. Cath. Priest, ChSipel St. Mead, Jacob A., Hon., merchant NOONAN, M. J., cigar mannf.. Chapel st. NEWSOM, GEORGE, coachman for Mrs. Smith. NOBLE, W. H., dentist, Murray St. O'Connor, Patrick, grocery. Main St. Olp, H. W., carpenter and joiner, Mainst. OLP, JOHN, stock dealer and farmer 160 OLP, JOSEPH P., farmer 346 Phelps, George W., sup't Avon, Geneseo and Mount Morris R. R. PARSONS, Rev. LEVI, pastor Presbyte- rian Church, Eagle st. 15 Pray, Welcomb, (Bump & Pray) Parker, E. R., butcher. Chapel st. Parker, Geo. D., (Henner & Parker) Phllaps, Henry, contractor's agent, 68 Murray st. Pierce, T. H., farmer 80 PIERCE, JOHN, farmer 47 Phillips, S. D., leases 122 PhilllpB, Daniel, farmer 72 Palmer, Isaac, shoemaker, S. Hopkins st. ROBINSON, H. B., agent for Singer's Sewing Machines, 60 Main st. Richardson, Joseph B., farmer 50 ROBERTS, JAMES W. , farmer 71 State St. Rockfellow, S. H., merchant, 26 Main st. Richmond, W., jewelry. Main st. Ready, Key. Mr., pastor Free Methodist Church, Murray st. Ryan, James, leases 125 Sanford, Mrs. R. M., assis't postmistress. Seymour, Norman, insurance agent and postmaster. Main st, ' SCOVILLE, H. H., prop. Eagle Hotel, 35 Main St. Stephens, C. W., attorney. Main st. Skillin, Mrs. E., dry goOds and tailoring, 27 Main St. Skillin, E. A., clerk for Mrs. E. Skillin Smith, Clinton, blacksmith Main St. SEYMOUR, S. B., broom handles, shin- gles and heading SAWENS & JONES, prop. Farmers' Mills Sawens, W. H., (Sawens & Jones) Sargent, George, engineer on A. G. & Mt. Morris R. E. SIMEESON, JOHN, manuf. of brooms and broom handles Swartc, David, brewery, SUTPHEN, DAVID, surveyor and artist. Main St. SHEAN, JOHN, saloon. Main st. SUMMERS, G. H., carpenter and joiner. State St. STAB, JACOB, stone-cutter, Stanley St. Seen, Adam, saloon. Chapel St. Smith, N. T., farmer 160 STARR, MARTIN, farmer 20 Sheldon, Pomeroy, farmer 45 SHAW, L. L. W., shaving and hair-dress- ing, 19 Chapel St. STURGBS, A. H., fanner 90 122 LIVINGSTON COUNTY BUSINESS DIEECTORY. Established in 1855. a. S. WHITNEY, 15 ii JK xL £4 XV , Empire Building, Mount Morris, N. Y. Dealer in Negotiable Paper and Time Loans. Good Paper Discounted, Collections Made and jiromptly Remitted. Deposits Received and Interest Allowed. TUSCARORA MILLS, TUSCARO^A, N. Y. DAVID LARUE, PROPRIETOR. GRAIN, FLOUR, FEED, MEAL, AN D REAL ESTATE. LARUE & HALL, Manufacturers and Dealers in Lumber, &c, M. J. NOONAN, Manufacturer and Wholesale and Retail Dealer in FOREIGN AND DOMESTiC C I GJ^^R S , Chewing and Smoking Tobacco, Pipes, Snuff, &c., CHAFEL -ST., MT. MORRIS, N. Y. A. mmmAmmmm, Barber and Hair Dresser. Gents' Furnishing Goods, Hair Oils, Colognes, Perfumery, &c. MAIN STREET, MT. MORRIS, N. Y. TOWN OF MT. MOEBIS. 123 SHELDON, MERRICK, farmer 105 Smith, Mrs. L. P., res. Murray Htll SUTCLIFFE, JAMES, garaener for Mrs. L. P. Smltli Sickles, WUUam, grocery STODT, GEORGE F., brick ana stone ma- son, 70 Main St. ScovUJe, Wm. B., mall carrier. Canal st. SEYMOUR, McNEIL, attorney.offlce bank block. Main St., res. 21 Murray st. Smith, John, fanner 30C Simerson, Franklin, farmer THOMPSON, Rev. C. J., pastor Baptist Church, Main St. Tiilley, Mrs. E., milliner, Main st. Totten, L. L,, cloi-k, Main 6t. Tame, James, baker, Chapel st. Tallman, William, farmer 192 Thompson, Philo, farmer 4, 18 Murray st. Thayer, Mrs. E., farmer 1 Tompkins, G. E., broom maker, Main 6t. Thorp, 0. C, farmer 107 Tallman, Peter, farmer 70 THOMAS, WM. H., M. D., 60 Main st. Union .inil Constitution, Hugh Harding, editor and proprietor VAN SCOTER, GEO. W-, foreman Ex- change Mills, Main st. VAN nOUTEN, GARRET, manuf. and dealer in boots & shoes, 2-1 Main st. Van Norsdall, Henry, farmer 200 VANDERBELT, JAMES, farmer 150 Wisner & Gamble, attorneys. Main st. WHITNEY, GEO. S., banker, Main st. WEIR, JOSEPH E., foreman Ejity Mills, 103 Main st. Wilder, JeiTcrson, cooper WINEGAR, C. P., dealer in produce, Cay- uga plaster, water lime, salt, &c Winegar & Bingham, coal doalirfs.Maiu st. WALLACE, J. D., prop. American llolel, Main st. WISNER, R. P., dealer in cattle and farm- er, 400 WILSON, W. II. & SON, hats, caps and tms, &c., &c., Main st. WOOD, I. J., anctioneiT, Main st, WIGG, ABRAHAM, dealer in lumlier, plaster, lime, &c.. Canal st. WRIGHT, ZALMON, carpenter luid join- er, Murray Park. \^EMAN, ROBERT, shoemaker, Chap- el st. Weeks, Walter C, farmer 80 Weeks, Robert E., farmer 82 Wisner, Perry, farmer 60 Wisner, A. Q., leases 60 Woolevev, Jonn, pattern maker, 41 Mur- ray St. Washbnrn John, lock tender White, John A. & Brother, brewers Winegar, S. K., farmer 58 WINEGAR, WM. W., farmer Welch, Robert, farmer 112 Williams, James P., farmer 9 Wisner, Stephen, farmer 103 YEOMANS, JAS., drugs, paints, oilB,&c., ,32 Main st. NUNDA. The following residents of the town of Mt. Morris receive their mail at Nnnda : BARRETT, Z. W., farmer 126 BKINKERHOFF, H., fanner 84 Bunb, Penelope, farmer 10 CofBn, B. S., farmer, owns 46, leases 114 DURYEE, SCHUYLER, laborer DOWNS, M. E., agent for mowers and reapers and leases 150 •. Foot, Norman, leases 120 Huggins, William W., farmer 110 HOLMES, JOHN, farmer 86 JANES, H. M., farmer 99 JANES, WILLIAM S., attorney, P. O. bo.\ 33-3 Kendall, B. W., farmer 194 KENDALL, F. & WILL, lease 194 KYES, E, carpenter and joiner Kuhn, Leonard, farmer 93 KYES, FAYETTE, farmer 12S MOSIIER, S.\MUEL, farmer 145 Michael, Charles, farmer 163 MICHAEL, BENJAMIN MARSH, CHARLES & B., farmers 123 McCartney, mary w. & Isabella, farmers 1.50 124 UVINGSTON COTJNTY BUSINESS DrRECTOEY. Sam. Lashell, yQ(^ Proprietor. This house is located in the Village of Tuscarora, seven miles from the Rail Road at Mt. Morris, and eight miles from Nunda Station. The House is in good repair, and guests are courte- ously treated. Charges reasonable.. Pood'-Its Constituents and Relative Value. Dr. Bellows, in a recently published volume on the philoso- phy of eating, classes the various articles of food under three general heads, thus : FiRsi — Carbonates ; that class which supplies the lungs with fuel, and thus fui-nishes heat to the system, and supplies fat or adipose substance. Seconb — Nitrates; that class which supplies the waste of muscles. Third — Phosphates ; that class which supplies the bones, the brain and the nei-ves, and gives vital power — both muscu- lar and mental. The comparative value, in supplying heat, muscle and bone, of the several cereals, vegetables and meats, may be seen, by the following analysis : Nitrates. Oarhonatcs. Pliospliates. Water. Wheat 15. 69.8 1.6 14. Barley 17. 69.5 3.5 14. Oats 17. 66.4 3. 13.C Northern corn 12. 73. l. 14. Southern corn 35. 45. 4. 14. Buckwheat 8.G 75.4 1.8 14.2 Beans 24. 57.7 3.5 14.8 Rice 6.5 79.5 .5 . 13.5 Potatoes 1.4 22.5 .9 75.2 Sweet potatoes 1.5 25.5 2.9 67.5 TOWN OP MT. HOBBIS. I2I Price, James, farmer 73 StODC, Norman, farmer 109 WAVEE, CHAELES H., carpenter and farmer IS Youngs, John, farmer G OAKLAND. The following rosiflenta of the town of Mount Morris receive their mail at Oak- land: HILL, ELIAS, farmer 8S Wallace, William, farmer 300 RIDGE. The follOTving residents of the town of Mt. Morris receive their mail at Rid!;e : Ashton, Seneca, farmer 40 .BURKHART, EDWIN, wagon maker Burkhart, George, wagon maker BACON, NATHANIEL, farmer 70 Crawford, James, farmer 30 Crawford, Daniel farmer 05 Chase, Eoswell, farmer 93 Dunning, William C, farmer 123 Eastwood, D. W., farmer B3>^ Eastwood, Daniel, farmer 120 George, Jacob, Jr., leases 120 Gray, Thomas J., farmer 114 Gibbs, C. B., farmer 30 George, Jacob, farmer 310 Hall, Orrin, farmer 55 JONES, JESSE B., farmer 175 Jones, Peter D., leases 175 Jones, Thomas, farmer 151 KELLOGG, HENRY P., farmer 94 McCrary, John, shoemaker McMichael, Albert, farmer70 Michael, Jacob, leases 100 Peterson, C, farmer 100 Phillips, Jonathan, farmer 4M Phillips, Jonathan, farmei-, 70 KOWE, JOHN W., farmer 49 Richmond, Sylvester, fanner 163 Shai-p, A. J., postmaster and farmer 4 Smith, Justin, farmer 260 StiUon, Aeahel, farmer 31 SHANK, JONATHAN, blacksmith Shank, John, blacksmith and farmer 31 Shank, Ephraim, farmer 93 STURGES, L. C, wagon maker Tallman, Jacob, farmer 212 VAN SICKEL, Kev. H. C. C, farmer 170 Williams, J. & W., farmers, 80 Williams, John, (J. & W. Williams) Williams, William, (J. & W. Williams) Williams, Richard, farmer 121 Wing, E. S., farmer, ISO TUSCAEORA. The following residents of the town of Mount Morris receive their mail at Tus- carora : Amerman, James I., farmer, 155 ABBOTT, W. W., farmer Abbott, David, farmer 205 ALVORD, WM. P., farmer 100 Barron, A., farmer, 150 BARKON, L.H., leases 275 Bergen, Samuel, farmer, 160 Bosley, E. , farmer 88 Bergen, Jacob, farmer 171 Bogart, R. W., farmer 180 Brinkerhoof, Kev. James G. BAKCOLO, MYRON J., dealer in patents Barcolb, Mrs., farmer 40 COBURN, L. J., wagon maker COBURN, E. R., blacksmith Crovling, Samuel, farmer, IflO Conklin, Garret C, 185 Casedy, Patrick, farmer 3 CHITTENDEN, SARAH A., tailorcss Christie, Da^ad P., peddler DeCamp, John C, farmer 114 Dart, William, farmer )^ Dodge, Israel P., Jr., farmer 59 DURYEB, EUGENE, musician Dnrjoe, Mrs. Eliza, tailoress Dickenson, James, sawyer 126 FOOD — ITS CONSnTDENTS. Nitrates. Carbonates. Phosphates. Water. Pai-sniiis 1.2 7. 1. 82. Tmnips ].l 4. .5 90.5 Cabbage 3. 5. 1. 90. Cucumbers 1.5 1. 5. 97. Apples 5. ■ 10. 1. 81. ■ Milk of cow 5. 8. 1. 80. Veal 16. 10.5 4.5 02.5 Beef 10. 30. 5. 50. Mutton 12.5 40. 3.5 44. Pork ,10. 50. 1-4 38.5 Chicken 20. 35. 4.5 40.5 Animals have been fed on j^ure starch, or sugar, or fat alone, and they gradually pined away and died ; and the nitrates in all the fine flour bread which the animals can eat will not sus- tain life beyond sixty days ; others fed on unbolted flour bread would continue to thrive for an indefinite period. It is imma- terial whether the general quantit}' of food be reduced too low, or whether either the muscle-making or heat-producing prin- ciple be withdrawn while the other is fully supplied. In either case the effect will be the same. The animal will become we.ak, dwindle away and die, sooner or later, according to the defi- ciency ; and if food be eaten which is deficient in either princi- ple the appetite will demand it in quantity till the deficiency is supplied. All the food beyond the amount necessary to sup- ply the principle that is deficient is not only wasted but burdens the stomach with efibrts to dispose of it. Food, therefore, con- taining the right proportion of heaters and muscle-makers is not only best, but most economical. In Boston, and probably iu all American cities, a large part of the expenses of the table arc for butter, superfine flour and sugar, none of which contain enough of the muscle or brain-feeding element to sustain life over fifty days, as has been proved by experiment with flour ; while butter and sugar would not sustain life a single month without other food. As far we have articles of food deficient in carbonates, we can use, witliont loss, butter or sugar to supply the deficiency ; but most of our national food, both animal and vegetable, contains a due proportion, and if with them wc use TOWN OF IIT. MOREIS. 127 ' Decamp, C. E., stockdcalor & farmer, 131 Parcels, H., laborer Dart, William, laborer PAECELS, 11. A. Egan, Michel, farmer 7 PAEMEE, CALVIN, farmer Ecl-wardi5, Anna POST, WILLIAM, farmer 100 Flester, William, prop. Union Hotel Petrie, Peter, farmer 50 Frair, Daniel, fanner Petrie, William & Sou, dry goods, &c. Green, Wilber, thrasher and farmer la Post, Adam, farmer TO Galcntine, B., farmer EOBEETS, A. G., tbraslier and farmer 50 HAGADORN, CHAELES, leases 00 EITTINHOUSE, JOHN E., farmer 100 IIall,L. B., music teacher Rittinhouse, Alanson, farmer 118 Hall, William, leases 120 Koberts, E. C, painter Hall, William, farmer 50 Hall Isaac SEDAM, DANIEL P., farmer 10.1 Hagadorn, Henry, farmer 20 Shutts, George, farmer 100 Hangerford, Chaunccy, farmer, 150 JOHNSON, THOMAS W., leases 20 Sedam, J. B., farmer 00 STEVENS, SAMUEL E., fiirmcr 75 JOHNSON, WILLIAM, farmer (iO SHARP, JAMES J., eclectic physician JOHNSON, HEZEKIAH, farmer 150 Scantlin, W., farmer 1 JOHNSON, ANDREW, farmer 123>i Sweney, John, farmer 9 Johnson, John, farmer 17 Schooser, Martin, shoemaker Jefford, n. L., physician SHAW, GEOEGE W„ farmer 100 Lashell, Samuel, prop. Tuscarora Hotel Spinning, A., farmer 08 LA EUE, DAVID, prop. Tuscarora Mills, Seymour & Co., hardware. Main st. and farmer 400 / VAN HOUTEN, N. P., farmer 85 Lashell, I. J., blacksmith ' VAN HOUTEN, J. P., farmer 100 LEHMAN, ^RED., blacksmithing and VAN DEVENTEE, WM., farmer 50 carriage ironing VAN DOEN, PETEE, thrasher and farm- LaEue & Hall, mannf. of lumber and far- er 175 mers 200 Van Ettcn, E. E., carpenter and farmer 40 McCOKMIOK, Ecv. E. W., pastor Presb. Van Auker, Levi, farmer 85 Church Van Arsdale. T. T., (Post & Van Arsdale) McMaster, P., farmer 115 WELLER, R. C, teamster McKee, George, carpenter and joiner 11 WELCH, EOBEKT, leases 22.) Morell, n., farmers WHITENACK, IIENEf, farmer 20 Morrell, Daniel, farmer ' Youngs, E., farmer 102 Miller, Barckley, farmer, 196 MILLEE, B. Jr., & D., dealer in horses and Spanish merino sheep and far- mers 105 Miller, Barckley, Jr., (B. Jr. & D. Miller) UNION CORNERS. Miller, David, (B. Jr. & D. Miller) MILLEE, PETEE, farmer 101 MoNEILY, DAVID, farmer 28 MILLHALLEN, JOHN G., farmer fi.S The following residents of the town of Noal, Henry, farmer 72 Mt, Morris receive their mail at Union Northway, Frank A., farmer 25 Corners : NOETHWAY.- ASAHEL, carpenter and Bevier, James S., farmer 100 farmer 50 CHAMBERLAIN, H., leases 104 O'BEIEN, WILLIAM, foreman Tuscarora KNAPPENBERGER, HENRY, fai-mor Mills. 350X POST & VANAESDALE, diy goods, gro- Perriue, William, leases 150 ceries, crockery, boots, shoes, &c RADMAN, PETER, blacksmith 128 FOOD — ITS CONSTITtrENTS. butter and sugar, they cannot be appropriated by ^the system, and are therefore lost. All meats, fat and lean together, all grain and milk, contain all the carbonates -that are needed, or can be used to furnish heat in moderate weather. All the but- ter or sugar, therefore, that is added to either of these common articles of food, as they are used in making cakes, custards, pies, etc., are not only lost, but by adding too much fuel increase the tendency to inflammation, embarrass the stomach and induce dyspepsia, congestions, obstructions, etc. With beef steak, or any other lean meats, or fish, oi- potatoes, or any gi-een vegetables, or fried beans or pe.us, some oily sub- stance seems to be needed, as all these articles are deficient in carbon, and in common use we have the choice among lard, sweet oil, or butter, or perhaps fat pork, all of which are pre- cisely alike in chemical construction, and that is most whole- some which is best relished. Sugar is needed with the acid fruits and berries, and esjje- cially with apples, which ans the most valuable of all fruits, either with or without cooking, and which, with sugai-, furnish excellent food, especially in winter and spring, when other fruits cannot be had. But to find a good use for superfine flour, out of which has been taken nine-tenths of its food for muscle or brains, is exceedingly difficult, indeed, impossible, in health; and it can only be useful in disease when the irritability of the stomach or bowels forbids the use of their natural stimulants, just as inflammation of the eye makes it necessary to exclude the liffht. Culture ov Roses in Pots in Greenhouses. — The best ro- ses for gi'een-house culture are the finer varieties of the China and tea-scented ; the latter especially, on account of their pecu- liar and delightful fragrance ; but the Bourbons and hybrid perpetuals must be included. TOWN OF NOBTH DANSTELLE. 129 ISrOPLTti ID^ISLSV^ILLEl. DANS VILLE. The following. residents of the town of North Dan6villo receive their mail at Dansville : ALBISfGEK, JOSEPH, pastor St. Mail's Church, 22 Franklin Bt. Austin, Harriet N., (Our Home on the Hill Side) AVEKY, A. J., house, sign and carriage painter, cor. Spruce and Pino sts. ANDERSON, A. M., dealer iu dru2;s, med- icines, paints, oils, &c., 162 Main st. Altmeyer, Francis, dealer iu furniture, 102 Main St. ANGELL & CO., dealers in groceries, flour and feed, Main St. Angart, N., cooper. Main St. ANDERSON, J. N., homceopathic physi- cian, olfice and res. 97 Main St. Alverson, Augustus, hoatman, Jefferson st AETMAN, JOHN, prop. Porter Mills ALLEN, SAM'L, moulder and gunsmith Aldrich & Curtis, prop. Gfovc Mills ALDEICH, J. W., (Aldrich & Curtis) Austin, M. O., dry goods, 149 Main St. American Hotel, Howe & Coon props., 103 Main St. BUNNELL, A. O., editor and proprietor Western New York Advertiser, Main St. Brown, A. J., (Brown & Grant) BROWN & GRANT, dealers in hardware, IM Main St. Blake/, Z,, M. D., allopathic physician, 14 Ossian st. Beach, George R. BROWN, WM. Jr., hakory, general dealer in fruits, plants &, seeds, 159 Main st 16 Betts, J., dealer in hoots and shoes, 145 Main st. Bissell, Miss E. P., hoop-skirt manufactu- rer, 137X Main St. BRAYTON, S. S. & CO., dealers in dry goods, groceries, carpets, hoots and shoes, 155 Main st. BRAYTON, J. F., dealer in clothing, hats: caps, gents' furnishing goods, 137 Main St. Brayton, B., retired farmer, Washington st. Bradner, Lester, pres. Bank of Dansville, Main st. BEACH, J. T., dealer in groceries, provi- sions, wines & liquors, 182 Main St. Bechc, G. W., (Stophan & Beebe) 140 Main st. BRADLEY, Mrs. H. M., (Mrs. Bradley & McWhorter) 134 Main st. Bradley, Mrs. & McWhorter, nmnnf. hoop skirts, 134 Main St. Biek, v., prop hotel. Main st. BROWN, J. W., (Haas, Stout & Co.) 325 Main St. Beyer, H., shoemaker. Exchange st. Bemmel, Joseph, blacksmith, Pine st. Bradley & Pfundtner, marble works. Ex- change St. BRADLEY, WM., (Br?.dloy & Pfundtner,) Exchange st. Burke, J. M. Barrett, James, laborer BOYD, JAMES T., miller at Faulkner's Mills B.'i.GLBY, B., snpt. Livingston Mills Brace, A. P., agt. Canascraga Mills Brown, A., manuf. of spinning wheels Babcock, B. W-, farmer 1 Bayer, Rev. John A., farmer 15 Balcom, Hiram, millwright Bailey, J. J., (O.'B. Maxwell & Co.) 130 LIVINGSTON COUNTY BUSINESS DIEECTOKT. Dansville Seminary. •I>A]VSVI1L,LE, JV. Y. TOWN OF NORTH DANSVTLLE. 131 BETTS & PEUSIA, photographers 137>i Main st. Blodgett, T., boatman, 20 Jefferson st. Brewster, I-I. A., (Pierson & Brewster) BOYD, Mb. & Mrs. JAMES S., millinery ' and fancy goods, 130 & 132 Main St. Bank of DansvUle, Lester Bradner, pres., Luther Grant, cashier. Cook, Mrs. A., milliner, over 175 Main st. CAMERON, ROBERT, harness, saddles, trunks, &c., Main st. CARPENTER, T., grocery and commis- sion house, 131 Main St. Curtis, M., merchant tailor. Main st. Clemons, Geo. W., clerk, res. 45 Ossian st. Clark, E. P., (S. P. Williams & Co.) CLARK, C. E., surveyor, 93 Main st. Casterline, C. G., prop. Canaseraga stage, 2B Franklin st. Cogswell, D., lihnbor dealer. Canal st. COOPER, P. D., building mover, Quay St. Curtis, George E.. (Aldrich & Curtis) Culver, Hiram, wagon maker, 38 Bliz. St. Dansville Express, Robbins & Poore, edi- tors and proprietors Dansville Seminary, II. R. Sanford, A. M., Principal, Ancient Languages and Natural Sciences ; Rev. A. Rumpff, Ph. D., German ; J. M. Emery, Com- mercial Department ; Miss M. P. Hendrick, Preceptress ; French and" mathematics ; Mrs. H. R. Sanford, Eng. literature; , Mu- sic ; , Oriiamental Dep. Dyer, H. F., (Dyer Brothers) Dyer Brothers, dry goods, Main st. Dyer, S. S., (Dyer Brothers) De long, GEORGE W., sash, doors and blinds, 75 Main st. Deiiniston, Leonard, farmer, leases SoO Dorr. R. L., farmer 81 Drahmcr, N., carpenter and farmer 4 Dimicl», Nathan C, farmer Dieter, John, farmer 36 DECKER, SAMUEL, farmer 101 Dickerson, Andrew B., farmer, leaseivlSO DILDINE, Z., blacksmith, 103 Main st. Durkee, M. M., 87 Main St. DAVIS, M. L., chemist, 10 Ossian st. DRAKE, ISAAC W., harness, trunks, whips, &c., 147 Main st. Durr, F., hats, caps, clothing. Furs, &c., 151 Main St. . DICK, C, boofsand shoes, 127 Main st. Dunckelbur^, John H., clerk DEMMO^ CHARLES F., harness maker DAVI^LEWIS L., plastic slate roofing, Ossian st. Emery, J. M., teacher, Dansville Sem. ENDRESS, S. L., M. D., physician & sur" gcon, 190 Main st. Endress, Isaac L., attorney Earl, Thomas, groceries and provisions, 191 Maiu St. ENGEL, WENDEL, German House, 197 Main st. Eschrich, Frank, groceries, 199 Main St. Edwards, I. McC, P. O. clerk Eschrich, John, (with Frank Eschrich) brewer, Frauklin st. Eschrich, Frank, (with John Eschrich) Ellis, Miss Elizabeth, paper counter FERGUSON, Rev. L. D., pastor Episco- pal Church, 5 Liberty St. FAULKNER, S. D., attorney. Main St. FIELDER, F. & CO., dry goods, grocer- ies, cSic, 157 Main St. Faulkner, R. S., produce dealer, 139 Main st. FIRST NATIONAL BANK, Dansville, James Faulkner, president Sidney Sweet, vice president James Faulkner, cashier Faulkner, James, president and cashier First National Bank, Dansville Foster, G. W., (Wilson, McCollum & Co.) FISK, GEORGE C, plaster and planing Mills, Ossian st. Fogle, Frederick, farmer 3 Fronk, George, farmer 100 Faulkner, L. D., supt. gas works, Canal st. FREIDEL, ANDREW., (with Jacob Smith.) grape growers Fronk. Samuel, fanner 10 Grant, Col. T. B., (Brown & Grant) Grant, Luther, cashier Bank of Dansville, Main St. Griffith, T. P., oysters, fruits, &c., 1.35 Main st. Gallagher, Thomas, (Sweet & Gallagher) Gillium, Adam, prop. Globe saloon, 181 Main st. 132 LnrCNGSTON county business DIEECTOr.T. A. p. BUNNELL, EDITOR M::0 FROPRIETOK. (!F THE ^d"\^eiitis:k.r, AND POWER PRESS PRINTER, DANSVILLE, N. Y. ' New Type, Fast Presses, Experienced OXJIS JOB DEPA.I4XM:I3]VT Is one of the best in Western New York, and tnrns out some of the Neatest Printing ever executed. Only sliort notice required. THE A.DVEI5.TISEK, Is a large-sized, "Weekly Republican Newspaper, devoted to Local Interests and the dissemination of sound Political and other General Information. Tekjis. — $2.00 per^nnum in advance for Single Subscrip- tions ; $1.50 for Clnbs. Specimen Copies, Five Cents. A. O. BUNNELL. Dansville, April 1, 1868. TOWN OF NORTH DANSTTLLB. 133 GTINTHER, F. R. butcher, fresh ana salt fish, &c., Main St. GILDER, JACOB J., fashionable hair- dressing, shampooning, &c., IIow- arth blocU, Main St. Goodno, Charles, harness, saddles, whips, &c., Exchange st. OILMAN, M. & BRO., agta. Canaseraga machine shop, Ossian st. Gilman, E. R., (M. Oilman & Bro.) Oilman, Moses B., machinist, res. Knox st Oary, George 0., boatman, 22 Jefferson st GARY, JOHN, boatman, 31 Jefferson st. Gardiner, C. L., miller, Canaseraga Mills GARY, JOSEPH, teamster. Canal st. GODDARD, GEORGE W„ foreman paper mills. Main St. GROSS, EDGAR, carp. &. joiner. Main St. Goodrich. N. W., mason Gibson, W., farmer 20 Gonndry, John, farmer 152 Gelder, Chris. GRAHAM, JAMES, fireman, paper mills Gary, Miss Julia, paper counter Gottschall, Lewis, tailor, 24 Jefferson st. Hondrick, MissM. F., teacher, Semina'y. HyJand, G., dry goods, 161 Main St. HAENLEIN, HENRY, dry goods, cloth- ing, &c., :^1 Main St. Hess & Tiffany, dry goods, 121 Main st. Hess, John, (Hess & Tiffany) H ARTMAN, J. H., butcher, dealer In fresh and salt meats, 189 Main st. Hess, George, produce dealer, Main st. HAAb, J. W., (Haas, Stout & Co.,) Ilaas, Stout & Co., carriage manufactu- rers, 11 Exchange st. Hemaly, Fiefl., lager beer saloon, Ex- change St. HENRY, H., prop. Dansville & Wayland stage, office, 166 Main st. HORTON, CYKCrS, millwright and pat- tern maker, Knox St. HALL, A. & CO., harness, trnnks, whips, £c., over 182 Main St. HOWE & COON, props. American Hotel, 163 Main St. Hopkins, George, dealer In horses Hnbbard, Henry, well curbs, Ossian st. Hammond, A. & Co., tanning and wool polling. South St. Howland, A. W., wood turner. Main st. Harm, John G., farmer 2 Henry, H., farmer 60 HARTMAN, GEORGE, farmer 116 HARTMAN, H., farmer 160 HARTMAN, WILLIAM, farmer 186 HARRISON, H. T., blacksmith, 218 MaiTj st Uartman, Mrs. Sarah, farmer, CO, 233 Main St. HARTMAN, EDMUND, blacksmithing, Milton St. HASLER, WILLIAM, carpenter and join- er, 84 Main St. Hnbcrtus, Jacob, butcher Hubert, Albert, brewer Haas, William, carpenter Hubertus, S. & Co., clothing, 141 Main st. HANN, CHARLES F., wagon maker IngersoU, Daniel, harness maker, over 129 Main St. Ingraham, William, building mover and pile driver. Quay St. Jackson, James C, M. D., physiclan-in- chief. Our Home on the Hillside Jackson, James H., (Our Home on the Hillside) Jackson, Lucretla E., (Our Home on the Hillside) JESSDP, Rkv. SAMUEL, Presbyterian clergyman JONES, S., furniture, pianos, organs, coflfns, &,c., 125 Main St. Jones, E. B., butcher. Liberty st. Jones, H. P., (Thomas & Jones) JINCKS, MELVIN, inventor, machinist. Sec, Ossian st. JONES, T. ERWIN, carriage manufactu- rer, Ossian st. JOHNSON & STEWART, wool carding and cloth dressing. Dorr st. Johnsofl, 0. B., (Johnson & Stewart) Jones, Thomas, tanner and currier 59 Ferine St. Keiser, L. & Co., clothing. Main St. Knapp, G. L., flour and feed, 107 Main st Klink, John, laborer, 103 Main st. Kingsley, H. A., clerk Kenney & Nelson, drugs, &c., 146 Main st. Kenney, 0. 0., (Kenney & Nelson) Kern, C. R., insurance agent. Main st. I 134: LIVINGSTON OOtTNTY BUSINESS DniECTOKY. E!Sti,4l>lisl!iOtl A. I>. ISSO. POWER PRESS Book, Job and Decorative Printers, PUBLISHEBS OF THE mm.\l EXPRESS, F. J. ROBBINS. L. D. F. POORE. Every Description of Job Work executed in the Neatest Possible Manner and at City Prices! Single Suhscriiilions, per nnnuin - - $ 1.50 Club of Ten, - - - . 12.5O Club of Twenty, - - - 20.00 Additional, when not paid in advance, - .50 TOWN OF NOETH DAKSVTLIE. 135 KRAMER, GEORGE, Uouse, sign ana car- riage painter, Clay st. Klauck, N. & Co., tanners ana curriers. Mains). KLAUCK, JOSEPH, (N. Klauck & Co.) KERSHNER, PHILIP, farmer 107 Kramer, Jolin, liotel keeper, Main St. Eauouse, Jonatban farmer 75 Kanouse, Paul, farmer 60 KNOWLTON, F. D., prop, paper mills Kiehle, T. G., machinist Kelly, Jolin G., (Sliepard & Kollys) Kelly, Edward, (Sliepard & Kellys) KIDD, ABRAM, farmer 147 Kidd, Joseph, farmer 116 KILDAY, Mxss KATE 0., dress and cloak making, 16 Franklin st. Knappenberger, Miss Jciinic, dress mak- er, Main St. Kramer, William, clerk Kreln, James, grocer, 123 Main St. La Rue, W. J„ jeweler, 163 Main St. LATTIMER, H. C, groceries, crockery, &c., &c., 176 Main st. Leonard, C. W,, cigar maker, 177 Main st. LEMEN BROTHERS, foreign and domes- tic dw goods, 160 Main st. Lemen, H. H.. (Lemen Brothers) Lemeu, J. N., (Lemen Brothers) Luther, B., dealer in sheep skins,Spruce st Laforce, P., lager beer saloon, 122 Main st. Lindsay, James, blacksmith, Exchange St. Lindsay, Frank W.,black5mith,24 Canal st Lewis, G. W. LOZIER, FRANK, carriage maker, Frank- lin St. LOCKLING, NATHAN, manuf. of Lock- ling's pat. plow, Milton st. Lauterborn, John, cooper Lozier, A., int. rev. assessor, Main St. Munger, Rev. R. D., Methodist clergy- man, 11 Liberty St. MARCELL, M. R., boots, shoes and rub- bers, 187 Main st. McCnrdy, John T., P. O. clerk Montgomery, J., pedftler MCCARTNEY & V,'HITEnEAD, boots, shoes, findings, leather, &c., ics Main St. McCartnej', M., (McCartney & Whitehead) Millingtou, E. II., operator, 166 Main st. McCOLLUM, WILLIAM H., (Wilson, Mc- Collnm & Co.,) 36 Ossian st. Miller, W. E., house and sign painter, South St. McNalr, D. D., treasurer Woodruff paper company. Mam st. McCURDY, II. F., farmer 300 Gibson St. MoCURi) Y, JAMES M.,fi'.rmor 73 McNair, Mrs., farmer 75 MCT7H0RTER, G. W., farmer, 100 Mc'.VUORTBE, JOHN, farmer 125 MoLaiighlia, Charles a., teamster Murphy, John, nursery McCAllTNEY, LYDIA, farmer 143 LIOREY, J. B., full blood Chester white swine, and farmer 250 Mazvi'el!, 0. C. i- Co.. rrops. Canaseraga Nursery, Jiain .st. Miller, Jacob, farmer McNair, Rachel, washing, 22 Liberty St. Noyes, D. W., attorney, Main st. Noel, Dana, (Stuart & Necl) Nilos, N. W., farmer Nelson, F. J. NILES, C. E., dniK?, mcdicino:', paints, oil!?, &c., 174Main st. Nichols, Chailcs, machinist OSGOOD, II. L., photographer over 131 Main si. O'CONNOR, Mns. MARY A. C, dress- maker, over 147 MaiL st. Oswald,'J. P., (PuiTer & Oswald) Owen, S. L. & L., farmers, 70 Opp, H. B., laborer O'CONNOR, P. & P., blacksmithing, car- riage-ironing, &c., Milton St. Onrllome on the Hillside, a Iiysicnic Wa- ter Cure: Harriot N. Austin, .Inmcs H. Jackson, Lucretia E. Jackson, l)roprietors ; James C. Jackson, M. D., physician-iu-chior. PROCTOR, L. B., attorney, Smith'sblock, Main St. PRUSIA, Mrs. J. C, railliuer,l.S7X Main st Pcrham, L., watchmaker, 160 Main st. PEUIIAM, JOEL, clerk PEIUNE, F. M., allopathic physician, re- . 200, Main st. PRATT, E. H., postmaster POOUE, L. D. F., (Robbins & Poorc) 136 LIVINGSTON COUNTY BUSINESS DIEECTOEY. J. B. PKUSIA'S EMFORItIM OF FASHION First Class Millinery Store, 13S HtftJ^TN STREET, r>AN"SVILLE, IST. Y., Where will be lound Millinery Goods, consisting of Bonnets, Hats, Ribbons, Silks, Velvets, Straw Goods, Ladies' Fancy Goods, &c., &c. Millinery Work neatly executed on short notice, by Experienced Workmen. Bleaching and Pressing neatly done. Call and examine Style and Price;s before pur- chasing elsewhere. Gravel or Concrete Wall. If a cellar is made it should be excavated before the wall is laid. When the wall fs within two feet of the surface, it is bet- ter to lay stone from this point three feet, or one foot above the ground, to prevent the possible danger of frost. Water and frost will sometimes scale off the concrete near the surface of the ground, but when perfectly made it will stand the action of water and the most severe frost. The method of laying the wall is to place standards of 4 by 4 scantling perpendicularly on each side of the pi'oppsed wall, and three inches wider apart than the wall is to be thick, so that plank one and a half inches thick and fourteen inches wide may be placed inside these standards, leaving a space between just the thickness of the wall. These standards should reach above the height of the wall, may be twelve feet apart, and the plank be of that length. To hold thefee plank from springing out in the middle, a piece of hard wood board, with notches sawed of the right width, majr be slipped on the upper edgci When these standards are all fdumbed and braced, so as to hold them firmly, around the wholcj building, and the plank placed wtviNCWTON coTmn BtranfESB DrBBCioBT. 137 Our Home on the Hillside, DANSVILLE, LIVINGSTON CO., N. Y. This Ihstttdtion is tie largest Hygienic Water Cure at present existing in the irorld. It is presided over by and is under tiie medical management of Dr, Jambs C. JACS30N, who is: tbe discoverer ef the Psycho-Hygienic method of treating the sick, and under the application of which he has treated nearly 20,000 persons in tbe last twenty years, with most eminent success, and vittTunit ever giving any oj t?iem any meaieine. The Psycho-Hygienic philosophy of treating the sick, no matter what their age, sex or disease, consists in the use of those means only as remedial agencies, whose ordi- nary or legitimate effect on the human living body when taken into or applied to it, is to presa-ve its health. The fallacy of giving poisonous medicines to invalids has been abundantly shown in Our Home in the results of our treatment. Our Institution is large enough to accommodate Two Hundred and Fifty Guests, is, after the plan adopted by us, complete in all its appointments, having worthy and intelligent helpers in all its departments of labor, and who give their proportion of sympathy and inOuence to the creation and maintenance of a sentiment and op inion cheering to the invalid, and therefore decidedly therapeutic in Its effects. The scene- ry abont the Establishment is very beautiful, the air is dry and very salubrious, we have plenty of sunshine, and pure soft living water in great abundance. Besides all these, and which we prize as one of the highest privileges and health -giving opportu- nities our guests could possibly have, we liv^ ourselves, and so can enable them to live; free from Fashion and her expensive and ruinous ways. Life with us is simple not sybaritic, is true, not hollow and false, and so of itself tends to its own perpetua- tion and of course to health. A great many of our guests who have for years been great suflferers, growing steadily more and more sickly, begin to get w ell, and go on getting well In scch silent yet sure, in such imperceptible yet certain ways, as never to be conscious how it was brought about. Tbe means used seem so utterly incom - mensurate to the results produced, that it seems marvelous. So true is it that In Nature '< God's mightiest things Are his simplest things," and that to understand liow things are done, one needs to cultivate a teachable spirit, and to cherish reverence for Law. To teach those who come to us for treatment what the laws of life are, and to awaken in them the desire to obey those laws, is to estab- lish a most favorable condition-precedent to their recovery. Sick ones, whoever yon are or wherever you are, do you wamt to get well f And to learn how to keep your health, having got well ? Come to Our Home It you can, and once here learn th? all- important lesson that " Nature as a mistress is gentle and holy, And to obey Her is to li,ve." Circulars of Jhe Institutlbn, T>r any Information in regard to it, may be obtained by addressing either Jafaes C. Jackson, M. D., Miss Harriet N. Austin, U. D., or Dr. James H. Jackson. These Pysiclans may also be consulted by letter by the sick who are unable to attend the establlshmeht. Fee for home prescription $5 .00. HABBiET N. AtrsTiN, 1 AUSTIN, JACKSON & CO., ! James H. Jackson, > ' -n . i LucBETiA E. Jackson. ) rropnetors. 16i 138 LITINGSTON 'cOtTNTT BTJSINESS DlkfiCTOKT. NEW YORK MILLTISTERY BTORE ! KO. IS?. (EAST SIDET MAIN STREET, ' ' DANisVILLE, N. Y. J...R BOYD, BE ALEE IN MILLmlsRY AKD FANCY GOODS. The Largest and Most FasMonable Assortment of Millinery and Fancy Trimmings always on hand. Bonnets and Hats bleached and pressed to the New Style at Low Prices. N. B. — Millinery supplied at wholesale. F. FIELDER, 157 Main Street, DAl^SVILLE, N. Y. WHOIiEBALE AND KETAIL DEAiEE IN Foreign and Bomestio Dry Goods. Fine Dbesb Goods at Eeduced Peices ! Shawls, Black and Colored Silks, Poplins, Gloves, Alpacas, Hosiery, Ginghams, Hoop-Skirts, Cloths, Casssimeres, CHOICE FAMILY GROCEItlES, &;c. S^ Buyers and others ai-e cordially invited to Examine our Goods and Compare Prices. P. FESLDEB. IiTVliS'ciSitdN e(, FRANCIS M., fanner Baldwin, Channcey, fanner 69 Tower, B., artist Burchard, C. W. & Son, harness makers TURRILL, JOHN G., farmer 43 BAKER, FRANKLIN, farmer 74 Upson, S. C, allop. physician. Center st. Baldwin, Volnoy, leases 100 Van Nest, A. R., Mass.-st. Baldwin, C, farmer 70 Vrooman, J. B., clergyman. Church st. Buno, P. H., farmer 80 Vansyklc, HoUoway, leases 114 1 Buno, Orson, farmer 100 15i INTEREST TjVDLE. Interest Table. At Seven Pei Cent, ill l>oilnrs ami Cents, from $1 to $10,000. A.tt'NT. 1 day. 7 clays. 15 flays. 1 mo. 3mos. 6mos. 12 mos S $ c. S c. S c. S c. $ C. $ c. $ c. 1 00 00 00« OiiK OIX <13>i 07 2 00 00« OOii Pl« 03>< 07 14 3 00 00)< W'A OlM O6J4' 10>^ 21 4 00 00 Ji 01 02X1 07 14 28 DO 00% Oi>^ 03 08% n)i 36 00 mi 01% 03K 10^ 21 42 7 00 01 02 04 12M 24K 49 8 00 01 02« 04K 14 28 56 9 00 01'.; 02 Ji 05Ji 16% 31 J< 63 10 oo,'.; 01 >; 03 05Ji 17>^ 35 70 20 O-J'A Oii.i 03 UK 36 70 1 40 30 00)i 04 09 17)^ 62)i 1 05 2 10 40 00 Ji 05^=' 12 23>i; 70 1 40 2 80 60 01 0C?i 15 29Ji Sin 1 75 3 50 100 02 13>^ 29 68« 1 76 3 60 7 00 200 04 27>.; , 68 1 1653 3 60 7 00 14 00 300 06 403i ' SVA 1 75 S 26 10 60 21 00 400 OS 64>;; 1 17 2 33K 7 00 14 00 2S 00 600 10 68 1 46 2 915^ 8 76 17 60 36 00 1000 lo;^' 1 36 2 92 5 83X 17 60 35 00 70 00 2000 ,39 2T2'4 5 83 11 665S 36 00 70 00 140 00 3000 58 4 08X 8 75 17 60 52 50 106 00 210 00 4000 78 5 44K 11 07 23 33H 70 00 140 00 280 00 6000 97 6 SOU 14 68 29 mi 87 SO 175 00 850 00 10000 1 94 13 61 29 17 R8 33 175 00 350 00 700 00 JS@" The dwellings found at the bottom of the fresh water lochs in Scotland continue to be discovered in various parts of the country and are attracting great attention, as throwing light upon tlie habits and histoiy of the Celtic race which for many centuries inhabited that country. TJie first one was brought to light by the draining of a lock on the property of the late Mr. F. D. P. Aslcy, in Ari.saig. 8^- Russia will soon have the Black Sea and the Baltic in direct railway communication. This was a long contemplated project, and will not only develop her commerce but enormous- ly^ increase hev defensive power. TOWN or NITNDA. 155 BATTERSON, WM., farmer 118 CONKLIN, Mits. MARY A., farmer 173 Dory, Isaac, sexton and farmer 1 Dnnn, Thomas, farmer 50 DOUGLAS, HENRY, blacksmith, car- riage ironing, &c. DOUGLAS, JAMES, blacksmith and far- mer 45 DAVIS, EZRA W., shoemaker Dunn, Charles, carpenter and farmer 40 DAY, C. M. & S. E., milliners and dress makers Ensworth, Nelson, (Wakman & Ens worth) Eckcr, Cornelius, farmer 8 ECKER, ALMIRA EVANS, DAVID M., hop grower and far- mer 6Q Fowler, Andrew A., stock dealer FOX, SIMON L., farmer 50 FOX, HENRY, hop grower and farmer 50, Fox, Christopher, hop grower and far- mer 50 GRAY, THEO. F., grain and wool dealer GEARHART, G. A., clerk Grander, D. C, (Lowell & Grander) GILBERT, A. H., (Van Riper & Co) •Goodmont, Cornelias, farmer 60 GAHAGAN, ARTHUR, hop grower and farmer 66 Hill, A. C. & H., hop growers & farmers 60 Haines, James, farmer 62 HAMILTON, E. M., prop. Railroad House. Nunda Station, HEWIT, J. S., cooperage of all kinds Hughs, Ira, farmer 75 Hay, William, hop grower and farmer 75 HAINES, WM., farmer 18 King, Joseph F., farmer 108 Kelley, John, butcher and farmer 4 Kinney, Willam, farmer 30 Lowell & Gmnder, dealers in grain and wool Lowell, A. B., farmer Lowell, D. K., (Lowell & Gruuder) Lindsley, Almeda S., farmer 49 Maker & Gilford, dealer in dry goods, boots, shoes, &c. McDonnell, John, farmer Monlton, B. A., clerk MAKER, A. & C, manuf. and dealers in boots and shoes Merithew, Mordecai, thrasher Morris, H., carpenter and farmer 14 Parker, David, thrasher and farmer 55 PARKER, Mr.S. JANE Parker, Sanford, stockdealer & farmer 320 Passage, Mrs. Orpha, farmer 48 Passage, Peter, farmer 119 PORTER. DERRICK, farmer 105 PATTERSON, JOHN, hop grower and far- mer, 40 Pcckham, Sidney & Co., farmers 110 PETTEYS, EDGAR S., liop Rvower and farmer 93 Stetson, Miss Opheli.i, millinery SUTHERLAND, HENRY, manufacturer and dealer in boots ar.d shoes Smith, Mrs. Ellenor SNIDER. Mrs. HANNAH M., owns 27 SEELYE, BYRON, express and freight messenger SMITH, ALBERT J., shoemaker SEELYE, WARREN B., carpenter and joiner Snyder, Adam, farmer 133 Spoon, Simon, fanner 50 Smith, Josiah, hop grower and farmer .lO SHERMAN, FREDERICK, farmer 04 Skellenger, John, farmer STONEBROOK, GEO. W., leases 300 Sands, J. B., farmer sr Thompson, L., farmer 93 Thompson, William, retired Town, Arba, farmer 162 TOWN, HENRY B., lumber dealer and farmer 35 UPSON, W. H., telegraph operator Upson, N. G., agent E. R. R. Uptegrove, Sylvester, thrasher and far- mer 11 Van Riper & Co., produce dealers Van Riper, C, dry goods, &c. Vansickle, John, 'van BUSKIRK, JOHN, hop grower and farmer 47 WHEELER, BALTUS, blacksmith Wakman & Ensworth, groceries, &c. Wakman, Miles H., (Wakman & Ens- worth) WOODARD, JOHN, farmer 46 .Wan-on, T., farmer AVILSON, MARVIN, farmer 12 156 BAETHQUAKE WAVES— FEENOH DBAIT H0KSE3. Earthquake Waves. An earthquake wave -which followed the recent eruption in the Sandwich Islands, was transmitted to the Pacific coast and recorded on the government self-registering tide-gauges at San Francisco and Astoria, in about five hours. On the 23d of De- cember, 1854, a similar wave was transmitted from the coast of Japan to the Golden Gate in twelve hours and thirty-eight minutes. This earthquake wave caused the wreck of the Rus- sian frigate Diana in the port of Simoda, and great loss of life. These facts, which are derived from the best authority, con- vey a very impressive idea of the tremendous power required to disturb the whole body of an ocean, foi a distance of from three to five thousand miles, by a movement distinct from its ordi- nary tidal swing. It will be seen that the revulsion of the great tidal wave at Hawaii reached this coast, distant over two thou- sand miles, in five hours, and was observed along a stretch of over thirteen geographical degrees in length. These earthquake waves appear to have moved Avith a veloc- ity of about four hundred miles an hour ; a speed which sug- gests the possibility of a more rapid means of transit over the waves than mankind possesses. Here is an opportunity for inventors. On land we move along almost equal with the bird, but the fishes sport under the prows of oui- fleetest vessels and laugh at our efforts to overtake them. Fbench Dkaft Horses. — Several parties in Ohio and Illi- nois are making purchases of draft horses in France for the purpose of introducing the breed into those sections. Several have already arrived, others are on the way with more to follow soon. This style of horse is regarded with much favor by the dealers in horse stock. TOWN OF NTJNDA. 157 TUSCARORA. The following residents of the town of Nunda receive their mall at Tuacarora : Bach, L. E., farmer 110 BEARDSLEY, WILLIAM, carpenter and farmer 3 Cox, Mrs., farmer 75 Duryee, Mrs. James, farmer 130 GREEN, HUSTED, farmer 65 GREEN, FRANCIS J., lafborer Jernahan, William, farmer 96 Kernaham, James, farmer 98 McCarther, Mrs. Sally, farmer 18 Seely, Samuel, farmer 12 SILSBEE, LEMUEL, farmer 9 Silsbee, Horace, leases 112 Swart, I. T., physician Swain, D. T., farmer 95 TWINING, STEPHEN, farmer 60 Whitnack, Cornelius, farmer 125 WHIPPLE, GEORGE, farmer 89 WHIPPLE, JACOB, leases 300 19 158 ADVEHTISEMENT— LAW MAjailS. THE SENEGA BLAOK-OAP & DAVISON'^ THOENLESS "V^atei-loo. TSr, Y.. -A^usust 15, 1868. OK AND AFTER MAY 15, 1868, the firm of DooLiTTLE & Wight ceased to exist. The underslgiieti, who is the one who flrst Introduced the Seneca Eaap- herry to the Putilic, ■will novi be prepared to furnish Number One First Class Plants of Seneca and Davison's Thornless, which are to be the leading Kaspberrles and should go together. The Thobnless is early, ripens a trifle earlier than the Doolittle; the Seneca ripens about two weeks later than the Thornless, which makes the season coomplete in the berry line. AH wishing Good, First-Class Plants of tliese Two Valuable Berries, can rely on me for them, as I will send out no poor plants. Send stamp and get ray Prices when Issued next Fall. My soil enables me to grow Plants equal to any OKOWN IN THE CouKTKT, and they are pronounced Number One by reliable dealers. ' Yours Truly, WARREN WIGHT, ■W^aterloo, Seneca Co., N. Y. P. S.— Write your name very plainly, that there may oe no mistake, and senl earlv. i^- RETAIL RATES :— Senecas— $75 perThoiisand, SlOper Hundred, S2i)cr Doxen. Davison's Thornless— $70 per Hundred, $3 per Dozen. Cash witli Order or C.O.JJ. Law Maxims. A promise of a debtor to give " satisfactory security " for the payment of a portion of his debt, is a sufficient considera- tion for the release of the residue by his creditor. Administrators are liable to account for interest on funds in their hands, although no profit shall have been made upon them, unless the exigencies of the estate rendered it prudent that they should hold the funds thus uninvested. Any person who voluntarily becomes an agent for another, and in that capacity obtains information to which as a stranger he could h.ave had no access, is bound in subsequent dealing with his principal, as purchaser of the property that Jormed the subject of his agency, to communicate such information. When a house is rendered untenantable in consequence of improvements made on the adjoining lot, the owner of snch TOWN OF OSSIAN. 159 OSSI^IST. BYEHSVILLE. The following resUlents of tbc town of Oaslan receive their mail at Bycrsville : Coot, J. B., laborer Fitzpatrick, 'Wiliiam, farmer 60 Gray, A., farmer 200 Lamont, Rodney H., fanner 170 Sarvcy, M., leases 124 CAN AS Eli AG A. The following residents of the town of Ossian receive Uieir mail at Canase- raga, Allegany County : Burrell, Thomas C.-^^^^^^^.^^ Burrell Isaac J., ) Boyd & Ross, proprietors of Filklng mlllF, choice family flour constantly on hand BOYD, J. C, (Boyd &, Ross) Barager, Mrs. C. D., farm* 90 Beach, Erastus 0., farmer 403 Baker, John, leases 75 BEACH, ERASTUS O. Jr., farmer Faucett, JE,mes, leases 400 Hodriage, George G., farmer 453 Hann, George, leases 83i Kingston, Daniel and John Frank, farm- ers, 125 Llnzy, William, leases 426 MoArthey, Michael, farmer 65 Pratt, Owens 11., farmer 33 Pratt, J.'rs. Prudy II., farmer 25 Powell, John, leases 100 Smith, Elizabeth A., farmer 67 Stark, Mi-s. Nancy, farmer 10 Scott, James farmer 86 SCOTT, HENRY, farmer WHITNEY, E., farmer Whitney, Royal, farmer 1166 WOLVERTON, DARICS C, farmer 47 Wolverton, Joel, farmer 114 Withorell, Isaac and Walter, farmers 71 UANSVILLE. Tlie following residents of the town of Ossian receive their mail at Dansville : AtwelI,'James, farmer 170 BRYANT, WILLIAM C, farmer 200 Baldwin, Mrs. Sarah, farmer 71 BLANK, PERRY, farmer 220 Bisbee. Lucius A., mechanic and proprie- tor of saw mill Boyle, William N., farmer 34 Benson, Edward, farmer 50 BONER, SAMUEL W., farmer 90 Bonner, Samuel, farmer 336 BONNER, FREDERICK, farmer 100 Bonner, John, farmer 114 Bradley, Abram, farmer 323 COOK, LEWIS A., farmer 69% Choncl, James 0., fanner 84 Coanegaser, Frank, leases 292 Canfleld, Charles, farmer 280 Coultry, T., farmer 22 Clark, Myron, farmer 20 160 LAW MAXIMS. cannot recover damages, because it is presumed that he had knowledge of the approaching danger in time to protect him- self from it. A person who has been led to sell goods by means of false pretenses, cannot recover them from one who has purchased them in good faith from the fraudulent vendor An agreement by the holder of a note to give the principal' delator time for payment, without depriving himself of the right to sue, does not discharge the surety. A seller of goods who accepts, at the time of sale, the note of a third party, not endorsed by the buyer, in payment, cannot, in case the note is not paid, hold the buyer responsible for the value of the goods. A day-book copied from a " blotter " in which charges are first made, will not be received in evidence as a book of origi- nal entries. Common carriers are not liable for extraordinary results of negligence that could not have been foreseen by ordinary skill and foresight. A bidder at a Sheriff's sale may retract his bid at any time before the property is knocked down to him, whatever may be the conditions of the sale. The fruits and gi-ass on the farm or garden of an intestate descend to the heir. Agents are solely liable to their principals. A deposit of money in bank by a husband, in the name of his wife, survives to her. Money paid on Sunday contracts may be recovered. A court cannot give judgment for a larger sum than that specified in the verdict. Imbecility on the part of either husband or wife invalidates the man'iage. An action for malicious prosecution will lie, though nothing further was done than suing out wan-ants. An agreement not to continue the practice of a profession or TOWN OP OSSIAN. 161 Crocker, John, laborer l Consalns, Mrs. Sarah, larmer 42 COVERT, OSCAR, farmer 180 Covert, Preaerick, farmer 315 Covert Nathaniel P. Covert, Freeman F. Covert, Nathaniel, farmer 115 DEMMERY, DAVID, leases 80 Denton, Zenas, farmer 45 Denton, Jonas, farmer 200 Denton, 'William, farmer 160 Freas, John N., laborer Gould, J. Lewis Ginley, Owen, farmer 4 Hartley, John, farmer 76Ji HOLLISTER, C. L., farmer 60 Hillman, Joseph, laborer Hampton, John, farmer 680 Hartman, Abram, farmer 60 Hyde, Harry, farmer 175 Hyde, Corydon, farmer 190 Ingersoll, N., fanner 60 Kuhn, Hiram M., leases 144 King, James, farmer 46 ElEBL, ELIAS, leases 126 Luther, Albert, farmer LEMEN, LEWIS C, farmer 115 Merrick, Wheeler, farmer 228 McCurdy, James, farmer 80 McCurdy, Mrs. Jane, farmer 140 Moore, Boltis, peddler and farmer 25 Murray, Samuel S., farmer 22 Mosher, Squire, cooper Mitchell, Thomas, farmer 200 MOORE, MISS MARTHA A. McCurdy, David, farmer 200 Nichols, George, leases 600 Nusky, Nicholas, farmer 84 Osborn, Alpha, farmer 40 Osbom, Theodore P., farmer 62 PORTER, CHARES, miller Packard, Aaron, laborer Packard, Henry, laborer Porter, David, farmer 100 Runyan, Boyd, farmer 77 Rectiwalt, John, farmer 24 ROLISON, MATTHIAS, farmer 90 Rolison, Jeremiah, leases 158 Rolison, Robeil:, farmer 41 Smith, Mrs. Emeline, farmer 68 Shutt, Paul, laborer Shaw, John, farmer 32 TAYLOR, DANIEL A., farmer 137 Terbush, A., farmer 90 Vogt, Adam, farmer 162 Wagnor, Frederick, Jr., farmer 50 White, William M., farmer 1550 Wilkins, Eli, blacksmith Wilcox, Oscars., farmer 15 DOTY'S CORNERS. The following residents of the town of Ossian receive their mail at Doty's Cor- uers, Steuben County : LACY, JAMES A., farmer 26 NUNDA. The following residents of the town of Ossian receive their mail at Nunda : Ingersoll, James, blacksmith Kriley, John, farmer 80 Smith, John, farmer 1 WAINMAN, STEPHEN D., farmer 133 OSSIAN The following residents of the town of Ossian receive their mail at Ossian : Allen, John, laborer BONNER, WILLIAM R., leases 183M BUSH, JOSEPH, farmer 39 Brown, Oscar G., moulder and farmer 5 BROWN, CALVIN L., farmer 50 Beecher, William Z., farmer 50 Coollcan, Peter, farmer 25 Clendenln, Jacob, farmer 66 r" 1C2 LAW MAXIMS. business in any speciiied town, if tlie party so agreeing has re- ceived a consideration for the same, is valid. When A consigns goods to «B to sell on commission, and B delivers them fo C, in ]),iyment of his own antecedent debts, A can recover their value. A finder of property is compelled to make diligent inquiry for the owner thereof, and to restore the same. If. on finding such property, he attempts to coiKcal such fact, he may be pros- ecuted for larceny. A private person may obtain an injunction to prevent a pub- lic mischief by which he is aftected in common with others. Any person interested may obtain an injunction to restrain the Slate or a municipal corporation from maintaining a nuis- ance on its lands. A discharge under the insolvent laws of one State will not discharge the insolvent from a contract made with a citizen of another State. To prosecute a pai ty with any other motive than to bring him to justice, is malicions prosecution, and actionable as such. When a person contracts to build a house, and is prevented by sickness from finishing it, he can recover for the part per- formed, if such part is beneficial to the other party. In a suit for enticing away a man's wife, actual proof of the marriage is not necessary. Cohabitation, reputation, and the admisir^ion of marriage by the parties are sufficient. Permanent erections and fixtures, made by a mortgagor after the execution of the mortgage upon land conveyed by it, be- come a part of the mortgaged premises. When a marriage is denied, and plaintiff has given sufiicient evidence to establish it, the defendant cannot examine the wife to disprove the marriage. The amount of an express debt cannot be enlarged by appli- cation. A seller of goods, chattels, or other property, commits no fraud, in la\r^ when he neglects to tell the purchaser of any flaws, defects, or unsoundness in the same. TOWN OP OSSIAN. 163 Dunn, Alberts., sclioolteaciior Denton, Joseph, laborer Denton, Solas, farmer 84 Fenton, Nathan, farmer 20 Fenton, Lueus, leases 200 Flyaie, Aaam, leases 400 Frost, John J., farmer 25 Gors, Hiram, farmer 30 Goiger, steam saw-mill & farmer 1000 Hampton, Isaac, speculator & farmer 3O0O Howell, Mary C, ^ acre Hover, William W., mechanic & farmer 80 Hotaling, M., laborer 1 Hubbell, Isaac, laborer Hayues, Mrs. A., weaver 2 JAGGAED, WILLLVM, farmer 73 Janks, Hiram, farmer 60 Kinney, R., carpenter KNAPP, HEKRY T., farmer 107 KNAPP, JOEL F., farmer 147 ENiiPP, HARVEY W., farmer 230 KUHN, G. H., farmer LINZY, WICLIAM, farmer 48 Linzy, Daniel, farmer, 60 LINDSLEY, JOHN E., farmer Lockwoocl, Ira, farmer 83 Luce, Henry, farmer 149 MALLON, DANIEL, farmer 34 Moore, Augustus, farmer 65 McArtney, Henry, farmer 103 McNich, William, farmer 114 Porter, Samuel, fanner 246 PORTER, OSCAR & EDWIN, farmers 140 Pennock, Jolin, sawyer Prentice, J. B., farmer 70 PENNOCK, SUSAN Russell, William, leases 104 Rathbun, Edward, farmer 130 sriAY, NATHANIEL, hotel keeper and farmer 100 Shay, Ambrose, farmer 41 Sarg, Charles, farmer 42 Scott, John, farmer 145 SICKNER, EZEKIEL, farmer 23 Smith, Mrs. Catherine, farmer 60 Saxton, Cyrus, farmer 15 SnUTT, Mi's. MARIA Smith, James H., farmer 53 Thorp, Philip P., farmer 105 THOMPSON, GEORGE, blacksmith Van Riper, Isaac, farmer 4S Witherell, Charles, laborer Woolworth, Mrs. Abigail, farmer 7 Wilcox, Jerome, farmer 40 Wilkins, Richar J, farmer 40 Woolworth^ Lafayette, laborer Welton, Cyrus, carpenter WOOLWORTH, MRS. REBECCA SCOTTSBURGII. The following residents of the town of Ossiau receive their mail at Scotts- burgh : BROWN, Mks. SARAH A. 164 LAW MAXIMS. If any person puts a fence on or plows the land of another, he is liable for trespass whether the owner has sustained injury or not. If a person, who is unable, from illness, to sign his will, has his hand guided in making his mark, the signature is valid. When land trespassed upon is occupied by a tenant, he alone can bring the action. To say of a person, " If he does not come and make terms with me, I will make a bankrupt of him and ruin him," or nny such threatening language, is actionable, without proof of spe- cial damage. In an action for slander, the party making the complaint must prove the words alleged ; other words of like meaning will not suffice. In a suit of damages for seduction, proof of pregnancy, and the birth of a child, is not essential. It is sufficient if the illness of the girl, whereby she was unable to labor, was produced by shame for the seduction ; and this is such a loss of service as will sustain the action. Addressing to a wife a letter containing matter defamatory to the character of her husband is a publication, and renders the writer amenable to damages. A master is responsible for an injury resulting from the neg- lect of a servant, whilst driving his cart or carriage, provided the servant is at the time engaged in his master's business, even though the accident happens in a place to which his master's business does not call him ; but if the journey of a servant be solely for a purpose of his own, and undertaken without the knowledge and consent of his master, the latter is not respon- sible. When a minor executes a contract, and pays money, or deliv- ers property on the same, he cannot afterwards disaffirm such contract and recover the money, or property, unless he r'cstores to the other party the consideration received from him for such money or property. TOWN OF POETAGE. 165 FOP2.T^GI-E. HUNT'S HOLLOW. The following residents of tlie town of Portage receive their mail at Hnnt's Hollow : ALVORD, SIMEON, farmer 181 Allen, C. L., farmer 66 Andress, J. D., (Benton & Andress) Benton & Andress, millers Benton, S. S., (Benton & Andress) Bennett, Charles D., farmer 175 BENNETT, J. YATES, manuf. of lumber and shingles Bennett, E. S., laborer Beardsley, Lockwood H., farmer 108 Boothe, David, fanner 65 Boothe, David H., farmer 25 Beardsley, George, farmer 75 Benson, Joseph, fanner 30 Beardsley, Jared, farmer 160 Bennett, Joel C, farmer 80 Brlgham, Benjamin, laborer Barnes, Charles L., farmer 30 Clark, John W., Inmberman Clark, Greenleaf, tanner and currier Clark, John H., tanner and currier Chase, William, farmer 85 Clark, Henry M., farmer 119 Clark, Amos E., farmer 80 Dailey, Dickson H., laborer Donahue, Martin, blacksmith Ely, Willoughby L., carpenter and joiner Gardner, Charles B., farmer 84 Hewlt, Pcleg W., farmer 115 Hand, H. Wells, farmer 109 Hmman, Alexander, farmer 23 HOWE, WINSLOW, farmer 50 Houston, John, farmer 64 20 Hollister, John, farmer 68 Hunt, Horace, lumberman Irish, Perry M., Umebumer & farmer 25 Joslin, Walter W., carpenter and joiner Enapp, Hiram, farmer 80 Knibloe, Wells, farmer 142 Link, Peter H., farmer 60 Lake, D. P., shoemaker Lockwood, Thomas, farmer 66 Morse, Mai-vln, farmer 82 Morse, George, farmer bin NASH, ENOS H., farmer 270 Parmalee, Charles L., farmer 8 Prindle, Charles, farmer 20 Roberson, Samuel, farmer 50 Robinson, Luke, farmer 85 Rowell, John P., farmer 218 SMITH, GEORGE W., (Smith & Mills) SMITH & MILLS, props. Phoenix mills, retail dealers in flour, feed, &c. Stegar, John, cooper SLATER, JOHN, grocer and farmer 400 Stowell, L. S., pastor Baptist church Saxton, Nelson, farmer W6 Smith, Amman, farmer 146 Spencer, Samuel A., stump puller Sharp, Oscar, farmer 60 Stanton, Nathan, farmer 80 Stilson, Charles L., farmer 42 THOMPSON, WM. P., farmer 60 Thompson, Oliver H., leases ?8 Thompson, Robert W., farmer 113 Thompson, Edwin, farmer Townsend, William, farmer 50 Uptegro, Hai'low, laborer WARD, ROWLAND, sawyer Ward, Horace, laborer Williams, Charles C, produce broker wmiams. Maxwell, blacksmith Williams, Solomon, farmer 50 Williams, Kelsey, farmer 100 160 LA.TV MAXIMS. The fact that tlie insurer was not informed of the existence of impending litigation, affecting the premises insured, at the time the insurance was effected, does not vitiate the policy. The li.ability of an innkeeper is not confined to personal bag- gage, but extends to all the property of the guest that he con- sents to receive. When a person has, by legal inquisition, been found a habit- ual drunkard, he cannot, even in his sober intervals, make con- tracts to bind himself or his property, until the inquisition is removed. Any person dealing with the representative of a deceased per- son, is presumed, in law, to be fully apprized of the extent of such representative's authority to act in behalf of such estate. In an action against a railroad company, by a passenger, to recover damages for injuries sustained on the road, it is not compulsory upon the plaintiff to prove actual negligence in the defendants ; but it is obligatory upon the part of the latter to prove that tlie injury was not owing to any fault or negligence of theirs. A guest is a competent witness, in an action between himself and an inn-keeper, to prove the character and value of lost per- sonal baggage. Money in a trunk, not exceeding the amount reasonably required by the traveler to defray the expenses of the journey which lie has undertaken, is a part of his baggage ; and in case of its loss, while at any inn, the plaintiff may prove its amount by his own testimony. The deed of a minor is not absolutely void. The court is authorized to judge, from the instrument, whether it is void or not, according to its terms being favorable or unfavorable to the interests of the minoi-. A married woman can neither sne nor be sued on any con- tract made by her during her marriage, except in an action re- lating to her individual property. The action must be com- menced either by or against her husband. It is only when an action is brought on a contract made by her before her mar- TOWN OF PORTAGE. 167 N U N D A . Smith, Myron, farmer 118 Thompson, Hugh, farmer 96 Thorp, Thomas, farmer 96 Tlie following residents of tlie town of Tabor, Aurelia, farmer 19 Portage receive their mall at Kunda : Tabor, Record, fanmcr loo Tabor, Alfred, farmer 35 Anger, Joliu, farmer 100 Weed, lleul)en, farmer 60 Burroughs, A. Jaclison, farmer 165 Barber, John F., farmer 363 Coffin, Latham, farmer 165 Carrlcl:, Robert, farmer 275 Dixon, John, farmer 100 Dake, J. M., farmer 249 OAKLAND. ' Dutton, Horace, fanner 104 The following residents of the town of Demmon, Benjamin P., sUoematcr Portage receive their mail at Oakland : Demmon, Calvin, cloth flreaser Galley, \Villlam A., farmer 53 Andrus, Byron E., farmer 50 Havens, Henry, nurseryman Arnold, George, farmer 60 Jones, William, farmer 75 ANSIS, PROSPER B., shoemaker Kirkmire, Benedict, laborer .^ndrns, J. L., gardener and farmer Long, John, labover Adams, Charles C, hotel keeper Olney, Nathaniel, farmer 94 Bennett, Nathaniel H., leases 110 Orton, James, farmer 112 Burroughs, Desire, farmer 60 Orton, Egbert, fanner Belcher, Henry, farmer 13 Robinson, John, cooper Brewer, Henry, carriage maker Colton, M. S., farmer 100 Clark, Ava, farmer 90 Camp, Henry, blackemith CARTER ,& POST, propriertors of Oakland NUNDA STATION. Foundry, manuf. of agricultural im- plements, wool carding, cloth dresf. ing, blacksmithlng, Ac. Cain, H. P., carpenter and joiner The following residents of the to-ivn of Dickens, Charles H., farmer 25 Portage receive their mail at Nunda Sta- Davis, Austin, pastor WesleyanMet'iodist tion: cliuroh Aldricli, Alphonso J., leases 55 Eberlc, Mike, laborer Bnokbee, Edmond, farmer mn FOSTElt, Mhs. ARILLA, dress maker Clark, Bradley, farmer 60 Filch, John, wagon maker Culver, Hamden, mason and farniei 31K Fitch, B. II., carpenter and joiner Devoe, Nelson, farmer lOO Gai-rison, Seymour, farmer 300 Edmonds, James L., farmer 57 Gallup, Lyman B., agricultural imple- Gerhart, George, farmer 120 ments Gerhart, John, farmer 130 OALBRAITH & GRIFFITH, manuf. of Glltpatrick, Charles, farmer 112 flour and feed, &:., &c. Goelser, Frederick, farmer 37 Griffith, John M., (Galbraitli & Grimtli) Kellogg, Jabez, farmer 40 HDIiBARI), JOHN J., cooper _ Knecland, FenJ. T., M. D. i farmer 110 HAVER, GEORGE, stone mason LYON, JOHN S.. farmer 129>i Merithew, Hiram, farmer 50 Ilolbrook, Mrs. Polly Ann, farmer 1 liicKs, L. A., carpenter and joiner Partridge, WiUiam, fanner 80 Howe, William, brewer Russell, Joseph C, farmer 25 Kellogg, E. W., Presbyterian clergyman 168 LAW MAXIMS. riage, that she is to be joined as a co-plaintiff or defendant with her husband. Any contract made with a person judicially declared a luna- tic is void. Money paid voluntarily in any transaction, with a knowledge of the facts, cannot be recovered. In all cases of special contract for services, except in the case of a minor, the plaintiff can recover only the amount stipulated in the contract. A wife is a competent witness with her husband, to prove the contents of a lost trunk. A wife cannot be convicted of receiving stolen goods when she received them of her husband. Insurance against fire, by lightning or otherwise, does not cover loss by lightning when there is no combustion. Failure to piove plea of justification, in a case of slander, ag- gravates the offence. ^ It is the agreement of the parties to sell by sample that con- stitutes a sale b^ sample, not the mere exhibition of a specimen of the goods. , An agent is liable to his principals for loss caused fey his mis- statements, though unintentional. Makers of promissory notes given in advance for premiums on policies of insurance thereafter to be taken, are liable thereon. An agreement to pay for procuring an appointment to office is void. An attorney may plead the statute of limitations, when sued by a client for money which he has collected and failed to pay over. A person entitling himself to a reward offered for lost prop- erty, has a lien upon the property for the reward ; but only when a definite reward is offered. Confession by a prisoner must be voluntarily made, to con- stitute evidence against him. The defendant in a suit must be served with process ; but TOWN OF PORTAGE. 169 Eellogg, E. Seiaen, miller Lockwood, Northrup, fanner Lowell, L., moulder Mosher, Jabez, farmer 34 )J Miller, Hiram, farmer 109 McParline, Alexander, farmer 92 Messenger, 0. P., farmer 90 Mier, Joseph, cooper McNalr, Charles w. Mosier, Joslah, laborer Osborn, Phineas, farmer 31 )i O'Brian, Michael, farmer 27 Payne, Philip M., farmer 24 Patterson, Mrs, Lovina, farmer 16 Pennell, Rana.olph, farmer 44 Parks, Robert E,, laborer Rutherford, Adam, farmer 130 Randall, Charles H., farmer and justice of the peace Sturderant, N., farmer Stephens, John R., miller aWARTZ, MATTHIAS, blacksmith Shaw, Asel, farmer 33 Thompson, Robert W., farmer 72 TnthlU, Lewis, farmer 166 Tuthill, Henry, farmer 168 Van Allen, Peter, farmer 75 Van Slyke, Martin L., leases 84 WELLS, GEORGE, carpenter & farmer 65 WERNER, JOHN, cabinet maker WILLETT, J. ORIGEN, farmer 65 WeBoott, Benjamin P., farmer 30 Wood, S. S. Wainman, Thomas, maltster and brewer Walker, Mrs. Jane, fm-mei- 3 YBNCER, JOSIAH, leases 98 PORT AGE VILLE. The following residents of the town of Portage receive their mail at Portage- ville, Wyoming county : Averill, Daniel, fiirmer 190 Allen, William, farmer 80 Bennett, C. P., station agent Brace, Halsey, farmer 240 Bailey, James H., farmer 60 Bailey, Jonathan, farmer 64 Brogan, P. M., farmer 30 Dunn, Isaac, laborer HAINES, JONAS M., prop. S. S. M. and carpenter Havens, Henry, sawyer Hinkley, Owen, farmer 96 Hoyt, Albert, fai'mcrl60 Hinds, Joseph B., farmer SO Kellogg, James B. & Porter, fnrmers 102 McLane, J. H., raUroad contractor Paine, Allen, farmer Paine, Lyman P., fiirmer 75 Palmer, Truman, farmer 50 Ray, Thomas, farmer 64 Robinson, E. F., farmer 80 Rease, Silas, farmer 57 Rease, James, farmer 62 Rolph, Mrs. Electa, farmer 73 Stanton, Lyman, farmer 33 Smith, Lyman, farmer 102 Smith, Hiram, farmer 70 Smith, Horace, farmer 100 Spencer, Roderick P., farmer 100 Town, Ellsha, farmer 80 Thompson, Hiram H., farmer 43)4 Wilder, Nathaniel, farmer 113)^ Wllner, Marcus AV., merchant and farm- er 120 Wilncr, Merriman J., farmer 115 170 LAW MAXIMS. service of such process upon his wife, even in his absence from the State, is not, in the absence of statutory provisions, sufficient. The measure of damages in trespass for cutting timber is its value as a cliattel on the laud where it was felled, and not the market price of the lumber manufactured. To support an indictment for malicious mischief in killing an animal, malice towards its owner must be .shown, not merely passion excited against the animal itself No action can be maintained against a sherilT for omitting to account for money obtained upon an execution within a rea- sonable time. He has till the return day to render such account. An interest in the profits of an enterprise, as profits, renders the party holding it a partner in the enterprise,, and makes him presumptively liable to share any loss. All cattle found at large upon any public road, can be driven by any person to the public pound. Any dog chasing, barking, or otherwise threatening a passer- by in any street, lane, road or other public thoroughfare, may be lawfully killed for the same. A written promise for the payment of such amount as may come into the hands of the promisor, is held to be an instrument in writing for tlio payment of money. The declaration of an agent is not admissible to establish the fact of agency. But when other proper evidence is given, tend- ing to establish the faiit of agency, it is not error to admit the declar.'itions of the agent, accompanying acts, though tending to show tlic capacity in which he acted. "When evidence is competent in one respect and incompetent in another, it is the duty of tlie court to admit it, and control its effects by suitable instructions to the jury. The court has a gener.al power to remove or suspend an at- torney for such immoral conduct as renders him unworthy of confidence in his official capacity. Bankruptcy is pleadable in bar to all actions and in all courts, and this bar may be avoided, whenever it is intei-posed, by TO^vs or spaeta. 171 SF^R,'T^. U A N S V I L L E . Tlie following rcslQents of the town of Sparta receive their mail at Dansville : Artman, ■William, farmer 163 Artman, AUraliam, farmer 100 Artman, Enos, farmer 130 BAUMGARDEN, CHAELES BOWLES, THOMAS demons, Marvin, farmer 72 CRAHMER, Mks. CYNTHIA T., fiirmcr 100 demons, Horace IJ., farmer 60 CARNEY, WILLIiM C, farmer 122 Carney, Hugh, farmer 234 CLAYTON, CHARLES, farmer 310 Culbcrtsou, John A., farmer 26 Carney, William II., farmer 88 demons, Abner, farmer 70 Deitor, Jonas, farmers DEITER, ELIAS, mason 1 DRIESBAUCH, WILLIAM & MONROE, far-mers 300 DRIESBAUCH, HENRY, JE., farmer 250 Driesbauch, Henry, farmer 124 DRIESBATJCH, ELIAS, farmer SOO Deiter, Henry, farmer 3 ' Eavy, Christian, farmer 1 Erb, Rev. Edmond, pastor St. Paul's ch. Gplbraitli, John, farmer 40 GREGORUJS, JACOB, leases 150 Gilman, Jacob, farmeries GILBERT, LESTER, farmer 62 Geiser, Jacob, farmer 66 Gilman, Philip, farmer 1 GRIFFIN, SAMUEL B., blacksmith Hamshcr, John W., farmer 102 I-Iamsher, Bernard, fanner IGO namsher, Conrad, farmer 119 Hughs, George, farmer 3 Hughes, Mrs. S., farmer 117 IIAMSUER, HENRY, farmer 53 HAMSHER, JOSEPH, farmer 53 Ilottenstein, William, farmer 06 EolTmiin, Mrs. Mary, farmer 85 Hilts. Philip, farmer 100 UARTMAN, WM.. leases 95 Hurtraan, Henry, farmer 95 Havvley, Josiah, leases 218 HAMSHER, ERHART, farmer 2 Johnson, David, farmer 09 Johns, OeOrge H., fanner 218 ICNAPPENBERGER, JOSEPH, farmer 218 Klinedub, James, farmer 121 KIDD, BBXJAMIN, farmer 250 KUHN, SIMON, farmer 80 KIEHLE, CORNELIUS, farmer 108 KIEHLB, BENJAMIN, farmer 9S ICuhn, J., farmer 27 KNIGHTS, GEORGE W., farmer 75 Klinedub, Levi, farmer loo Kiehle, Abraham, farmer 09 Kuhn, Jacob, farmer 145 Kuhn, Daniel, farmer, 307 Kuhn, Jacob A., saw and shingle mill and farmer 141 KENNEDY, BIRDSALL, farmer 247 Kennedy, Mrs. Elvira, farmer 11 KNIGHTS, BENJ. P., farmer 1 Morse, Peter, farmer 139 Mapes, Martin, farmer 60 Mills, Mrs. Phebe, farmer 19 McNair, Wilham I)., farmer 107 Moose, Nathan, farmer 55 Moose, Charles, farmer 99 Oberdorf, Mrs. Elizabeth, farmer, lOO Pecic, Rev. William, Methodist clergyman Patterson, Robert, farmer 55 Parker, Rev. Robert, farmer 185 Ran, Hiram, farmer, in Raa, Erhard, farmer 40 172 LAW MAXIMS. showing fraud in the procurement of the discharge, or a viola- tion of any of the provisions of the bankrupt act. -An instrument in the form of a deed, but limited to take effect at the termination of the grantor's natui-al life, is held to be a deed, not a will. A sale will not be set aside as fraudulent, simply because the buyer was at the time unable to make the jjayment agreed upon, and knew his inability, and did not intend to pay. No man is under obligation to make known his circuni.'i'.an- ces when he is buying goods. " Contracting parties are bound to disclose material facts known to each, but of which either supposes the other to be ignorant, only when they stand in some special relation of trust and con- fidence in relation to the subject matter of the contract. But neither will be protected if he does anything, however slight, to mislead or deceive the other. A contract negotiated by mail is formed when notice of ac- ceptance of the offer is duly deposited in the postoffice, proper- ly addressed. This rule applies, although the party making the " offer expressly requires that if it is accepted speedy notice of acceptance shall be given him. The date of an instrument is so far a material part of it, that an alteration of the date by the holder after execution, makes the instrument void. A corporation may maintain an action for libel, for words pub- lished of them and relating to its trade or business, by which it has incurred special damages. It is unprofessional for a lawyer who has abandoned his case without trying it, a term or two before trial, to claim a fee con- ditional upon the success of his client, although his client was successful. Although a parly obtaining damages for injuries received through the default of another, was himself guilty of negligence, yet that will not defeat his recovery, unless liis negligence eon- tributed to cause the injury. TOWN OP SPABTA. 173 Bau, Nelson, leases 160 Ross, Robert, farmer 126 Rosa, WllUam C, farmer 50 RAU, DANIEL, farmer 165 Roberta, Davia, farmer 76 Roberts, Jolin H., farmer 87 Rau, Benjamin E., farmer 45 SAMPLE, Mrs. LOVINA, farmer 49 Stenuer, Joseph, fanner 70 SSUTT, LINPORD, farmer 1^ SHAFER, GEORGE, farmer 130 STEFFY, RAMODS, fanner 72 Shafer, John, farmer 148 Shafer, Henry, farmer 25 Sutton, Wilson, farmer 45 Swlngel, Jacob, farmer 125 Sutton, Mrs. Polly, farmer 12 SHAFER, ANDREW, farmer 73 Sutton, John, farmer 60 Smitb, Jesse, blaclssmitli and farmer 30 Smltb, Adam, farmer 60 , SCHERER, PETER P., leases 176 Snntt, John, farmer 115 Shutt, Dabold, farmer 25 Shafer, Jacob, farmer 283 SWARTS, ISRAEL, farmer 83 Swarts, William, leases 30 Swarts, Michael, farmer 30 TRAXLER, ISAAC, tanner 126 Traxler, Mrs. Elizabeth, farmer 314 Whiting, Lyman S., wheelwright and far- mer 25 Weidman, George G., farmer 97 Wenner, Peter, farmer 65 Wenuer, George, farmer 50 Wambold, Michael, farmer 9 Wambold, John, f amer 182 Weidman, Jacob J., farmer 116^ Zerfass, Henry, farmer 100, leases 200 NORTH SPARTA. The following residents of the town of Sparta receive their mail at North Sparta : Aklus, Rev. T., pastor of Presbyterian church. North Sparta 21 Bellace, John, cooper FETTS, JOSUn, leases 157 Fish, Mrs. L., farmer 3 Gray, Miss Martha GRAY, Misa MARTHA ■& ELIZABETH, farmers 00 Hammond, Mrs. Maria, farmer 160 HAMMOND, MORGAN, farmer 262 Hammond, Lester, farmer 130 Hammond, Maria, farmer 160 HAVENS, HENRY, farmer 224 HAVENS, W. H., prop. Havens hotel, North Sparta JacK, John, farmer 150 Jacl£, Mrs. Eliza, farmer 68 Mann, N. B., farmer 250 MAGEB, SAMUEL, farmer 150 MORRISON, WM., shoemaker, 4 SCOTTSBURG. The foUowins residents ot the town of Sparta receive their mail at Scotts- barg: BROWN, A. F., shoemaker and farmer 11 Barnes, Isaac L., farmer 200 Barnes, W. F., carpenter 1 acre BROWNBLL, I. E., (with A. F. Slaight) dealers in staple dry goods BUSKIRK, SAMUEL, farmer 270 Brewer, William, farmer 198 Brewer, Abram, farmer 186 Barnes, Isaac L., farmer 202 Bugbee, Miss Margaret, boarding house % COLEMAN, RICHARD, leases 200 CAMPBELL, WM. S. CAMPBELL, JOHN, farmer 120 Conklln, Philip, farmer 3 demons, Jackson, farmcr9 Clark, Willis, farmer 660 CLARK, A. B., farmer 119 Conklln, Andrew Crotser, James B., farmer 6 Cadwell, Mrs. Louisa, farmer 3 DUNN, DANIEL D., carriage maker Clark, Stephen W., farmer 100 Foster, Harmon M., farmer 75 174 liAT/ MAXIMS. A pevs'on inriy contract to labor for another during life, in consideration of receiving his support ; but his creditors have the right to inquire into the intention with which such arrange- ment is made, and it will be set aside if entered into to deprive them of his future earnings. A grantor may by express terms include the bed of a river, or a highway, mentioned as boundary; but if without language of exclusion a line is described as "along" or "upon" or as "running to" the highway or river, or as "by" or "running to the bank of" the river ; these expressions carry the grantee to the center of the highway or river. Tiie court will take pains' to construe the words used in a deed in such a way as to efl'ect the intention of the parties, however unsldllfully the instrument may be drawn. But a court of law cannot exchange an intelligent word plainly employed in a deed for another, however evident it may be that the word used was used by mistake for another. One wlio has lost his memory and understanding is entitled to legal protection, whether such loss is occasioned by his own misconduct or by an act of ProvideAce. When a wife leaves her husband voluntarily, it must be shown, in order to make him liable for necessaries furnished to her, that she could not stay with safety. Personal violence, either threatened or inflicted, will be sufficient cause for such separation. Necessaries of dress furnished to a discarded wife must cor- respond with the pecuniary circumstances of the husband, and be such articles as the wife, if pradent, would expect, and the husband should furnish, if the parties lived harmoniously to- gether. A fugitive from justice Irom one of the United States to an- other, may be arrested find detained in order to his surrender by authority of the latter, without a previous demand for his surrender by the Executive of the State whence he fled. A watch will not pass under a bequest of " wearing apparel," nor of " household furniture and articles for family use." TOWN OP SPARTA. 175 Flory, JohD, farmer 200 MARSHALL, CHARLKS S., furnace and Freefl, j;olin, snoemaker l plow factory 3 Freed, Jonas, slioemakcr 1 Mitchell, Henry, farmer U Fullerton, W. S., farmer 157 Maginley, Thomas, farmer 128 Foster, Sam., farmer 73 Needham, fCelsey & Gordon H., farmers 61 FREED, SOLOMOS, Bhoemaker Needham, Gordon n.,farm9r205 Gray, Ezra, blacksmltli Orts, Pet;r, blacksmith M Oilman, John, farmer 330 PDRCHASE, J. BRADLEY, physician 1 OILMAN, ELI Roberts, Seabnrn, farraer HARRISON, P. P., allopathic physician Roberts, Alonzo & Norman, farmers 100 HAVENS, rtlRLING, prop, Havens hotel. Roberts, Jesse, farmer 130 Scottsburgh ROBEKT.S, JE3SE JB. & BENJAMIN, far- IIEARSH, CHRISTIAN, farmer 1 mers 190 and lease 130 Hill, Jacob, farmer 85 SHEPAED, JOHN, dry goods merchant Hill, John H., farmer 43 and farmer 16 Kenning, John E., leases 157 SCOTT, WK., fanner H Hopkins, Mrs. 0. ii., ',i acre SHCTT, JOJIN U., carriage makers HopKlns, Mr,s. Jane, )i acre Shutt, S. L., carriage maker }i HEDGES, ELIHU, cabinet maker, !4 SWICK, PETER,' farmer 350 HILL, Miss MARY M. Shafer, Jonas, farmer 200 Jacobs, Joslfih, farmer 2 SCOTT, SAMDBL, farmer 270 Jones, Isaac, farmer 4 SHUTT, E. E., groceries and fanner 1)5 JONES, RICHARD M., leases 100 Swarts, Jonas, farmer 136 KLYNETOP, JOHN, farmer 100 SWARTS, SOLOMON, farmer 11, leases 21 KIEHLE, JOHN, blacksmith 1 SWARTS, ABRAHAM, farmer 60 KLINEDUB, CONRAD, fiirmev 193 Smith, P., farmer 2 LOGAN, JOHN, fanner 100 Swarts, Nelson, farmer 3 leases 165 Logan, Andrew, farmer 100 STILL, I. B., mason Lee, E. W., grain dealer and farmer 6 SHUTT, ELIZABETH, LOGAN, JAME.S B., saw and grist mill 2 Scott, Matthew, farmer 50 McPETRIDGE, E. L. TILLOTSON, GEO. D., carriage painter McFetridge, Archibald, farmer 178 Traxler, Beaj. P., wood shop 6 MAY, JOEL S., harness maker }i Wilhclm, Mrs. Sarah, fanner 143 Moody, William, farrier and farmer 20 Wilber, Wm., farmer 195 McWortter, Mrs. Hannah, farmer ao / Whitman, Ira, farraer 75 176 LAW MAXIMS. Money paid for the puipose of settling or compounding a prosecution for a supposed felony, cannot be recovered back by a party paying it. An inn-keeper is liable for the death of an animal in his pos- session, but may free himself from liability by showing that the death was not occasioned by negligence on his part. Notice to the agent of a company is notice to the company. An employer is not liable to one of his employees for an in- jury sustained by the latter in consequence of the neglect of others of the employees engaged in the same general business. Where a purchaser at a sheriff's sale has bid the full price of property under the erroneous belief that the sale would divest the property of all liens, it is the duty of the court to give relief by setting aside the sale. When notice of protest is properly sent by mail, it may be sent by the mail of the day of the dishonor ; if not, it must be mailed for the mail of the next day; except that if there is none, or it closes at an unseasonably early hour, then notice must be mailed in season for the next possible mail. A powder-house located in a populous part of a city, and con- taining large quantities of gunpowder, is a nuisance. A man charged with crime before a committing magistrate, but discharged on his own recognizance, is not privileged from arrest on civil process while returning from the magistrate's office. When one has been induced to sell goods by means of false pretences, he cannot recover them from' one who has bona fide purchased and obtained possession of them from the fraudulent vendor. If the circumstances attendant upon a sale and delivery of personal property are such as usually and naturally accompany such a transaction, it cannot be declared a legal fraud upon creditors. '' A stamp impressed upon an instrument by- way of seal, is as good as a seal, if it creates a durable impi-ession in the texture of the paper. TO-WN OF SPBINGWATJiK. 177 SJr^ Jril ]SJ" a-^ V^T E R,. DANSVILLE. Arnold, Elijah, Jr., farmer 110 Barber, Wm., farmer lOO Barber, Jared, farmer 120 The following residents or the town or Springwater receive their mail at Dana- Hulbert, E. A., farmer 100 Johnson, Marvin, farmer, house and lot Ltddiard, Thomas, farmer 90 ville : Muck, Horace, farmer 40 Aplien. R., farmer % MDCK, HENRY, farmer 40 ■ Beck, TT., farmer 40 Moore, John, farmer 55 Carney, J., farmer 84 OSTRANDER, EVERT, farmer 176 Crane, H., leases 80 Smith, Elijah, farmer Cole, J. & Willilnson, H. B., grist and saw Sheppard, Hiram, farmer 46 mill 4 Smith, David, farmer 130 Galbraight, J., leases 140 Washburn, E. G., fanner HILTS, C. P., farmer 66 Washburn, Horace, house ana lot Hartman, B., fanner 130 Washburn, Wm. S., farmer 45 Jacobs, E ., farmer 20 Lawrence, L, farmer 103 Landon, B., farmer4 Moose, C. W., farmer 50 RAU, BENJ., farmer 126 Bowe, J., farmer 60 NORTH CONHOCTON. Rowe, George, farmer 128 S warts, L., farmer 79 SAMS, GEORGE, farmer 71 The following residents of the town of Snyder, J., fanner 276 Springwater receive their mail at North TRAXLER, EDWARD, fanner 173 Conhocton, Steuben county : WUhelm, J. B., fanner 101 DOUGHTY, J. H., farmer 109 Fearley, J., farmer 75 Leach, E., farmer 60 Mclntire, Matthew, house and lot 1 NAPLES. MANN, ALVAH, farmer 98 Northrup, Mrs. J., farmer 25 Northrop, J., leases 106 The following residents of the town of Springwater receive their mail at Na- ples, Ontario county : Pardee, J. Jr., fanner 60 Pardee, \. D., farmer 60 Ri2, L., farmer 76 RICHARDS, DUNNING, farmer 250 ARNOLD, GEO. H., auctioneer Skeeles, Lj fanner 175 178 LAW MAXIMS — horseman's FRIEND. If a party bound to make a payment use due diligence to make a tender, bnt thi-ougb the payee's absence from home is unable to find him or any agent authorized to take payment for him, no forfeiture will be incurred through his failure to make a tender. Horseman's Friend. Weak Myes, or Hooks. — First, rowel below the eyes and in the jaws — then if the eyes arc much inflamed bleed two gallons from the neck vein, and use the eye wash or eye lotion every morning; move the rowels every day, and let them remain in 13 or 20 days. If the eye shows a white speck in the center there is no cure for it — the nerve of the eye is affected, but as long as. the eye runs water there is hopes of it, and the eyelids swell. All young horses are liable to have weak eyes. Eye Lotion — lioio to inake it. — Take a good quality of linseed oil, one pint, add to it 2 pz. (ounces) of spirits of ether, gum camphor i oz. Let it stand in some warm place until the oil cuts the gum, and it is fit for use. Apply it to the eye every morning with a soft feather ; get it into the eyes as well as pos- sible. This is better in winter than the wash, b^t the wash is best in the summer. Eye Wash. — Take of sugar of lead 2 drachms, white vitriol one drachm, laudanum one drachm, add to this one quart of soft water ; let it stand for 6 or 8 hours and it is fit for use. Wash the eye out well every morning, after first washing the eytjs well with cold water. Follow this up 3 or 4 weeks, and then if the eyes are not much better, bleed and give a mild physic. The horse should be kept on low diet, and not over heated, or worked too hard ; scalded bran and oats are good. Fistula, or Poll-Evil. — Cause, a bruise or stroke of some kind produces fever in the muscle. Cure before it breaks ; run a rowel or seton from the lower part of the swelling to the top through the center of the enlargement, then make the following TOWN OF SPRINGWATEE. 179 Vincent, G., farmer 91 Coswell, T. n., farmer 51 VerMle, J.,farmer65 CAEPENTER, JOSEPH, fanner 125 Curtice, E. N., farmer 75 Carpenter, C. B., farmer 109 CURTIS, C. N., farmer 10 CLEMOKS, Mrs. LYNDA, farmer 240 SPRING WATER. Carpenter, Serril, shoemaker Capron, S., farmer 170 COLE, JEEEMIAH, miller ' The Mlowing residents of the town of DIETEE, ELIZABETH, farmer 74 Dye, S., farmer 13 Dcnsmore & Parshall, merchants Springwater receive their mail at Spring- water : Eldridgo, Lucia, farmer 13S Artlip, S., blacksmith i< Eldridge, Barber, farmer 36 Bailey, Coats L., merchant and farmer 300 Eldridge C, farmer 3o! BROWN, JOHN F., house and lot EEWIN, JAEED, farmer, 107 Brown, Maurice, postmaster EATON, S. K. BUGBEE, BBLA, carpenter Ford, Averj'. farmer 50 j Bailey, Elisha, farmer 350 Ford, John, farmer .36 Bailey. George, farmer 80 Filkins, I. G., tarmer 35 Butler, Jeris B., farmer 160 Farley, J., farmer 30 Barber, Jared E., farmer 170 Ford, C, farmer 70 Barber, Wm. E., farmer, 100 Fuller, Mrs. M., farmer 2 Brown, George H., farmer 150 Fisher, J., carpenter and farmer 2 Brophy, Stephen, carpenter FISHEE, MAEY J., dress maker Becker, H., farmer 95 Gray, Arnold, physician and farmer 23 Ballard, N., farmer 40 GEEEN, CALEB S., hardware merchant Bailey, F., farmer 100 Grover, Harvy, auctioneer BRISTOL, W. D., farmer 125 Grover, E. K., house and lot BEISTOL, OSOAE, farmer 100 Gray, E., farmer 142 Bartholomew A„ farmer 50 GILMOEE, Mns. LUCY, farmer 141 Brockway, L., farmer 150 Green, J. B., bkcksmith l;< acres Brockway, Mrs. A., farmer 14 Green, M., farmer 3 Bryant, W., farmer 260 Green, C, carpenter and farmer 50 Bortels, John, farmer 34 HoUister, I. T., farmer X BAILEY, ABNEE, farmer 50 Hendershot, Mrs. I. D., milliner Bailey, D., leases 135 Hopkins, N. Byron, clerk Bamkart, II., farmer 4 Hopkins, S. E., blacksmith Bailey, J., farmer, 126 Hopkins, M. D., blacksmith Barber, H., fanner X ' Higgins, Julius, farmer 155 Barber, S., farmer 113 Higgins, Julius, farmer 160 Clarke, E. G., merchant X Hopkins, Norman B., blacksmith and car- CONNOE, T. D., physician riage nia.ker Carpenter, Lucien, carriage maker, house Hunter, Eev. W. and lot Henry, D., blacksmith X acre Coykendale, Clarisa, house and lot Hudson, J., farmer 153 Capron, George W., farmer 104 Hunt, M., farmer 150 CEOOKS, IIEMAN, farmer 45 Hunt, B., farmer 140 Coons, Milton, farmer HUNT, JAINES Capron, James, farmer 70 Howe, S. A., farmer 100 CLAEK,H. A., shoemaker Hall, M„ leases 123 Colegrove, A. T., farmer 140 Hall, H., farmer 128 180 horseman's feiend. lotion : Take of sal ammoniac 2 ounces, and turpentine spirits i pint, 4 ounces of. linseed oil, and 4 ounces of spirits of tar ; shake all well, and apply it all ovier the swelling every other day ; let the seton stay in until all the swelling is gone down — move it every day, and when all is gone draw it out. Bleed when you first open it ; keep the part clean. Fistula after it breaks. — If you find by probing it that the pipes run down towards the surface, run down a seton through the bottom of the pipe, and anoint it with the following ointmout. Take of mercurial ointment 4 ounces, and of canthaiides one- half ounce ; anoint the seton every day until it runs a bloody matter, then draw it out if the pipes run down to the center of the shoulders, then run down apiece of the nitre of silver to the bottom, and use the liquid in the next following receipt ; apply it on the swelling and on tlie sore every day ; keep the part clean with soap and water. Liquid for Fistula or Poll-Euil. — Take olive oil C ounces, tur- pentine i ounce, oil of origanum i ounce, American or Sinikeyoil three ounces. Mix well and apply it to the part affected, after the nitre of silver has been used ; apply this eveiy few days until it heals up ; the cleaner you keep the part the better. Stiff Shoulders or Sweeney. — Rowel from the top of the shoul- der blade down as far as there is no peeling ; first, cut through the skin, and then two thin fibres or strippings ; use the blunt needle, move it backward and forward five or six inches ; draw in a tape or seton, and the next morning wet it with the tinc- ture of cantharides ; do thi's every other day, move them every day — wash the part clean — let the tape stay in until the matter changes to blood ; this is for both diseases — let him run out if possible ; he will be well in six or eight weeks ; if for sweeny you may work him all the time. Hoof-hound or Tender Feet. — Cause of this is fever in the feet. Founder or gravel ; the symptems are hot feet and a drawing in one inch from the top of the feet at the heels. Never have the feet spread at the heels nor rasped above the nail holes, for it will do the fbot an injury. Follow the directions given here. TOWN OF SPEINGWATEE. 181 Uayaen, J., leases 15V Harrington, C, farmer 47 Humplirey, n. D., farmer 132 Humplirey, C. M., farmer 58 Ilumpnrey, C, saw mill, farmer 3 niLL, F., farmer 90 HILL, S., farmeries HaigM, S. C, farmer 3 Hall, H., farmer 40 Jennings, Jolin, farmer n Jolins(»i, Wm,, leases 320 Jones, C. D., farmer 20 Joy, M., farmer 125 JOY, JOHN James, N., farmer IJ^ JACKMAN, lEA, farmer 130 KELLOGG, N. A., agricultural worlvS KNOWLES, WM., farmer 25 Kene, K., farmer 50 KKOWLES, JARED JB., farmer 00 Knowlea, A., farmer lOO KENT, FEEEHLAN, shoemaker Lusk, Mary, farmer 100 Lansbeny, Harvey, farmer loo Lament, L., farmer lOO Lawrance, H., farmer 98 Lawrence, C, farmer lOO Lewis, S.,faruier 2}i. Marvin, AtWlBoa, farmer 167 MILLER, ORLANDO V., farmer 118 MacumSer, Jolm, farmer 30 McCroBsen, Jolin, bouse and lot Mon-is, Grover L., mercliant, 7 acres MoMicnael, Geo., Presbyterian clergyman Miner, L. W., carpenter, farmer 5 McMILLEN, WM. F., (witli S. Scott) har- ness maker McMiohaol, G. W., farmer ;,; Mack, H. D., leases 180 Muck, L., leases 50 MORRIS, B. M., favmer338 Marvin, H. II., farmer ICO Marvin, R. B., farmer 155 Marvin, F., farmer 100 Miller, J. H., farmer so MILLER, JOHN P., carpcnlcv & farmer MEADE, DANIEL, farmer 165 McNich, J., farmer 6 MOOT, JOHN, farmer 08 Mack, C. H., farmer 2 May, R., farmer 121 22 McNich, Charles B., farmer 52 Moot, George K., farmer 110 NORTON, WM. H>, farmer 220 Norton, S. F., leases 127 Nilcs, J. L., farmer 295 OSTKANDEB, E., farmer 100 Odell, C, farmer 39 Osgood, C. A., farmer 150 Peabody, SUeffleld W., farmer 325 Pierce, Wm. H. & George A., merchants Pratt, Seth, hotel keeper PEABODY, ALVAH, farmer 132 Purgeil, John E., farmer POTTER, ALBERT, fanner Pierce, J., tannery and farmer m Price, J. H., farmer 150 Parshall, D., farmer 125 Parshall, S., farmer 65 Paige, T., farmer )4 Pai-shall, H., fmrmer lOO Peekens, H., farmer 75 Perkins, P., farijier 67 Philhower, F., farmer 126 PIERCE, STEPHEN, farmer % RAY, JOHN, farmer 135 Rix, Sylvester, farmer 100 Reynolds, J. O., farmer 150 Robinson, N., farmer 100 Root, S., farmer 100 Root, Z. B., farmer 125 Richards, J., farmer 100 Rowley, A. B., farmer 10 Roberts, J., farmer 16 Robinson, L., farmer 200 Robinson, E. A., farmer 400 Smith, George E., cradles and rakes Stuart, Orsemus, house and lot Stuart, FrancilJo, farmer 189 Stuart, C.W., farmer Slate, Daniel, farmer Smith, D. G., farmer 71 Stebbins, Wm., famior 4 Sleight, Elias, farmer 28 Stuarts, Francillo, farmer 193 Snyder, A., farmer 170 Snyder, C, farmer Snyder, N., carpenter and farmer 67 Smith, S., farmer 250 Sherman, E. H., farmer 10 Shepard, P. W., farmer 157 Straton, G. C, farmer 162 182 hoeseman'r FnrE^^D. Use either tlie hoof ointment or the hoof liquid ; apply it ac- cording to directions. For hoof bound or tender feet, apply it all around the top of the hoof down one inch every third day ; if for split hoof, apply it every day. First, have a stiff shoe on the foot and cleanse the cut or crack. Never cut or burn for it. Hoof Ointment. — Take roinn 4 ounces, betfswax C ounces, lard 2 pounds, melt together, pour it into a pot, and 3 ounces of tur- pentine, 2 ounces of f^pely powdered verdigris, 1 pound of tal- low, — stir all until it gets cool. This is one of the best medi- cines for the hoof ever used. It is good for corks or bruised feet. Follow the directions. Hoof Liquid. — For tender feet, hoof-bound, &c, Linseed oil or neats'-foot oil i pint of either, turpentine 4 ounces, oil of tar G ounces, origanum three ounces, shake this well and apply it as the directions for ttic ointment tell. This is the best if the horse has been lame long — it penetrates the hoof sooner than the ointment— both of them should be applied at night, so that the horse can go to work' in the morning. He need not lose one day's work. Hoof Evil or Thrush, Grease Heels. — Causes of this disease is over feed, and want of exercise or standing in a filthy stable. Symptoms, well known — a discharge of offensive matter from the frog of the foot, and round the top of the foot ; often the frog of the foot will come out; then you must put a stiff shoe on to keep the foot from contracting. Cure : Bleed, and physic, and poultice the foot with boiled turnips, add some fine ground charcoal — this must be done every night for two or three nights, then wash the foot clean with Castile soap and soft water, and apply the blue ointment every day— keep tlio liorse on a clean floor, and he will bo well in twelve days. How to vialce. the Blue Ointment. — Take the ointment of rosin 4 ounces, i ounce of finely ground verdigris, 2 ounces of tur- pentine, mutton tallow 2 pounds, J ounce oil . of origanum, k ounce tr. of iodine— mix all well. This is one of the best modi- TOVrS OF SPRINGWATEE. 183 SAWDEY, G. W., Iiinnci- 10 Scott, G., leases 150 SIIOEMAK.ee, DANIEL, farmer 60 Sweetsn, ;v. B., farmer 50 SWAKTS, JOHN G., farmer 30 SMITH, LAMBERT Smitli, D. E., cooper antl farmer 10 SAIITn, JOSEPH D. Sweeten, B. & Vf. Harris, farmers 70 Scliafcr, D., carpenter ana farmer 55 Stcadinan, Miss I-I., farmer 10 SCOTT, WM., farmer 60 Stcffy, I., farmer y. Shannon, vnuiam, farmer 40 SWEETEN, IMOS, Turner, A., farmer 20 TYLER, S. 0. & D. B., farmers 4C3 Thompson, F. T., farmer 145 TiCTany, Charles M., farmer 60 Tillanj-, Jacob, farmer 60 Tiffany, Joseph, farmer 126 /■ Thayer, Mary, farmer 49 Taylor, H., farmer 125 TOTTEN, EDWARD, farmer 213 Van Allen, Rev. D. WH^EY BROTHERS & CO., grist mill ana foundry Wiley, Robert, Harper G., and Henry A., (Wiley Bros. & Co.,) farmers 360 Withington, Samuel H., farmer 210 WITHINGTON, N. T., tarmer,200 Wheaton, Alvah, house and lot Wade, Francis M., cradles and raScs, house and lot V/alliridce, Orson, farmer 100 Wlieelor, Myron, farmer 50 Westl'all, Mrs., house and lot Wiley, Jackman, farmer Wood, Amy, ,K acre Willis, N., farmer 260 Willis, C, fanner jHO \VE1D!TAN, .JOHN, Tirmer 300 Whiting, H., carriage maker Wclintcr, E. T., ."Jaw mill and farmer TiO W'envrr, 11., farmer 101) Washburn, J. A., farmer 1,'iO Whitlock, I., farmer 45 Wiley, J. S., farmer 62 Wiley, A., farmer 200 Wilhelm, B. F., farmer 120 Wilbur, 0., farmf.i- H WUoox, E., merchant, house and lot Zimmerman, L., farmer 5 \V A Y L A N D ]) E P 'J" The fnllowins' residents of the town of iilirin,~-.vater receive their mail at Way- laud Depot, Steuben county : Arorighi, M., farmer 7 Branch, T. A., farmer 30 Cole, Mrs. A. M., farmer 4 Carpenter, William, farmer 126 Cramer, N., farmer 50 COLLAR, GEORGE N., farmer 250 Deaflstle, C, farmer 109 Foster, D. W., farmer 50 Fuller, C, farmer 50 Fuller, R., farmer 76 FOSTER, SETH, leases 50 FRAZER, JOHN, farmer 162 Farley, H., farmer 180 GroTor, J. J., farmer 50 Guile, A. J., farmer 100 GIBBS, N., farmer 280 Guile, A., farmer 50 Guile, J., farmer 60 Horton, I., farmer 79 Howell, J., farmer 37 Iliggins, P., faiT.ior 30 JONES, IIOWAIH), fannur 1 John, N., farmer 7 Jerden, C, farmer 61 Kern, C, farmer 260 Kingsley, J., farmer 75 Lawrence, W., leases 1 Lawrence. L., farmer 01 McNIoh, l\t., farmer 50 Morris, Mrs. A., farmer 100 Morlcs', J., farmer 102 MiUiman, R., fanner 40 Moose, J., farmer 45 McEntire, C, farmer 100 NOSES, EDVi'IN, miller and farmer S Northrop, AVilliam, farmer 100 I'ursell, L., farmer 40 Parshall, A. G., farmer 204 184 houseman's fkiend. cines that can be made for scratches, hoof evil, cuts, and is good to apply on fistula, after the rowels have been taken out. Lung Fever. — Symptoms — the horse is taken with a chill, then breaks out in a cold, clammy sweat,— holds down his j^ead— never offers to lie down, but groans when made to move — his ears and legs are deathly cold. The cause of this is change from warm to cold stable, too much cold water when warm. Cure : Bleed four gallons from the neck vein, and take one ounce of aqaanite, add to it i gallon of cold water; drench him over with one gill of it every three hours, blister him over the lungs, then give him water to drink that hay has been boiled in, and to each gallon of it one ounce of gum arabic, and J ounce of spirits of nitre, give this every four hours, rub well, foment and rub the legs with alcohol and comphor, until they get warm — do not move him. Keep him in open stall if hot weather. Disease of the Liver, or Yelloxo Water. — Symptoms — the eyes rnn and turn yellow, the base of the mouth the same, the hair and the mane get loose, and he often is lame in the right shoul- der, and very costive. Cure : Give the following ball every morning until it oper- ates upon the bowels. Take 7 drachms of aloes, and 1 drachm of calomel, 4 drachms of ginger, and molasses enough to make it into a ball, wrap it in paper and give it ; give scalded bran and oats, grass if it can be got. When his bowels have moved stop the physic, and give 1 ounce of the spirits of camphor, in \ pint of water, every morning, for twelve days, lowel in the breast, and give a few doses of cleansing, powder. Tiu'u him out. Cleansing Powders. — This is used when the blood is out of or- der — good to restore lost; apiictitc, — yellow water, and wlicrovor it is to be used it is spoken of. Take 1 pound of good gingci-, 4 ounces of powdered gentian, 1 ounce of nitre, ' ounce of crude antimony — mix all well — give one large spoonful eveiy day in wet food — this is perfectly safe. Nasal Gleet or Discharge from the Eye and Nose.— The cause of this is neglect in distemper, or over heat or cold; this is a white TOWN OP SPEINGTVATEE. 185 ParsUal!, Mrs. D., leases 30 PAGJS.E. J., farmer 9*0 Page, Mrs. B., fannw 1 Page, M., farmer 50 Punn, P., farmer 62 Puraell, WilliaiD, farmer 55 PCRSELL, DeWITT C, farmer 31 Puraell, J., farmer 2 RICHARDS, MOSES, farmer 175 EOBINSON, W. A. & J., farmers 230 . Reynolds, E., farmer 125 Rogers, 0. P., farmer 98 Speer, }., blacksmith and farmer 62 Sliarpsteen, Doctor, farmer 75 Stacy, D., fanner l STRAIGHT, JOHN, farmer 30 Sorlbner, F., farmer 51 Scribner, A. D., farmer 100 Swarts, J., farmer 4 Schwab, C, farmer 117 Smith, E., farmer 30 Teed, G., farmer 20 Warner, Thomas, farmer 250 WETMORE, LEBT, faiTaer 30 WILCOX, GEORGE, farmer 1S5 Walker, W., farmer 200 Wilcox, D., farmer 100 WELCH, SALMOB 186 horseman's FlilBNri. • I j discharge from the nose, and is not contagious — and can be ! cured. Cure: Stoji working liim — take of alum i pound, i pqund of |i rosin, i pound of blue vitriol, grind and mix well witli J pound of ginger; give one large spoonful every night and morning — bleed one gallon. Keep him out of wet, and do not v/ork him. Disease of the Kidneys. — Caused by feeding dirty or musty grain, hard drawing, overloading him, or by giving him too much turpentine. Cra-e : Blister over the kidneys, and give the following ]h11s every day — take one ounce of rosin, one ounce of juniper ber- i ries ground fine, and flour two ounces — make all into a stiff . paste, divide into seven pills, give one every night, then use the cleansing powder every day ; if the horse has trouble to get up when he lies down, swing him up for two weeks, — give no food but that which is clean ; this is half of the cure. Do not work nor ride him. How to make the While Ointment. — For rheumatism, sprains, burns, svv'ellings, bruises, or any inflammation on man or beast, chapped liands, or lips, black eyes, or any kind of bruise. Take fresh butter -2 pounds, tr. of iodine i ounce, oil of origanum 2 ounces — mix this well for fifteen minutes and it is fit for use — apply it every night ; rub it in well v»'ith your liand ; if for hu- man flesh lay on warm flannel. yjlaek Liniment. — This i.s good to apply on poll evil — fistula. Take of linseed oil i pint, tincture of iodine 3 ounces, turpentine i ounces, oil of origanum 1 ounce — shake all well and apply it every d.ay. Tliil)»it in well with your hand— wash the part clean wit.h so;)|i :ind w.ilrr I)f!fnrf apiilyinrr it. This is good on any R\yclling. I^orc Mouth or To.iam: — '■■ilLd Canlcr or Thr^'h. — Syjnploms the mouth runs water, the horse coods or throws liis liay out of his mouth. The cause of tliis is often frosty bits being put into the mouth, or l)y eating poisonous weeds. Cure : Take of bora.v o drachms, and 2 drachms of sugar of lead, ! ounce of alum, one pint of vhicgar, one pint of sage tea TOWH OF WEST SPAEIA. 187 "WEST SF^PLT^. BYERSVILLE. The foUovaEg residents of ilie town ol West Sparta receive tiieir mail at By- ersvilie : BYERS, DAVID, constable Beyers, Mrs. Elcy, farmer 39 BLANK, ELMER, Laborer Beyers, Samuel, fanner 160 BRADT, CHARLES, farmer 130 CROWELL, NELSON E., farmer S6 Clieesbro, Emery, sMngle maKer, E. &L. Cox, Mrs. Maria V. W., farmer SO CHASEY, JOHN S., farmer ISO Cbamberlain, Mrs. Elizabetli, f arme/ 26 Dccison, Robert, farmer 80 Fox, Peter, farmer, 37 GAEDSER, WARREN, coop'r i fai-m'r22 Goho, Solomon, farmer 30 Hnngerfora, Eleazar M., farmer 180 Herrick, Henry, farmer 9 Hafpadorn, HaTMson, merchant Halstcd, Erasmus D., laborer, H. & L. JOIIIJSOi'f . "iVM. S., carpenter & farmer 80 JENKS, MERICK, carpenter & famer 63 Karnes, Mattliias, leases 60 Kenney, Alexander, farmer 454 Kenuey, Elijali, farmor 148 Kennedy, Thomas, farmer 217 Llbby, George W., biacismitii and wheel- wright McKINNE Y, John, farmer 61 Miller, 'Otis, farmer 102 Muchler, Benjamin F., farmer 107 Neff, Ellas, farmer 50 Perkins, Oliver G., farmer 60 PICEARD, ABRAHAM, fanner 60 'PICKARD, DANlIiL L., farmer 50 Powell, Thomas S. & John E., farmers 107 rowell,. Barney, farmer so Passage, Edward M., leases 130 REDMOND, ALEXANDER, farmer 80 REDMOND, SAMUEL, farmer 104 REDMOND, JAMES, farmer, 164 ETONER, RUSSELL C, Icripus 80 Sloner, Mrs. Emily, farmer 60 SATTSRLEB, IRA, farmer 10 SMITH, WM. C, farmer 50 SMITH. JESSE Jr., farmer 60 Smith, Jesse, farmer 60 Shurtleff, Zacheus, shoemaker, H. & L. Stoner, Mrs. Almira, farmer 166 Stoner, Henry, farmer 61 SULLIVAN', JAMES, farmer 83 SIIOUP, JAMES, farmer 13 Torrdy, Lesson N., farmer 125 TUNISON.Mks. ELSIE H., farmer 80 Tunlson, Abram R. , farmer 48 " TUNISON, CORNELIUS, farmer 80 Van Velzer, Francis W-jPOStma^ter, II & L Van Middelworth, John, farmer 162 VAN NUYS, PETER, farmer 340 Wompole, John, farmer, 8 WOMPOLS, SAMUEL, farmer 40 Wompole, Peter, farmer 13 Wompole, Benjamin, farmer 47 V/ompole, Martin, lease-.' 186 WUkmson, Rev. George WOODWORTH, PHILEMON F., H. i L. Wadsworth, Dan'lB., Tiheolwright, H & L WHITBNACK, JOHN, farmer 89 muit, Mrs. Mallnda, farmer 115 VrAMPOLE.ERLINE DANSVILLE. The following residents of the tOT*-!; of West Sparta receive their mail at Dans- ville : 188 hoeseman's feiend. —shake all well together, and wash the mouth out every morn- ing — give no hay for twelve days. Ch-oggy Knees. — The cause of this is sprains or overdriving, or by having corks, and no toes on the shoes. This can be cured in the first stages, but if of long standing there is no cure. Cure : Have shoes made thick at the toe and thin at the heels; take linseed oil i pint, alcohol 4 ounces, 1 ounce camphor spirits, 2 ounces of laudanum, — shake, and apply to the back part of legs, rub it in well every four days ; still increase the thickncKS of the shoes at the toe. Hoio to Bemove Warts. — Cut them out by the roots — take the tenackulum or hook, run it through the warts and draw and cut round it, and draw it out ; if it should bleed too much, take 5 grains of nitre of silver, and 1 ounce of water ; Avet a sponge and merely touch the part with this wash, and it will stop them — treat it as any fresh wound — still every time you wash it scratch the scab off, so the scar will be small. This is the only sure way to treat them. Bots. — Symptoms — very much like that of colic ; the ears and legs are hot, and Stometimes the sweat will start in the flank and breast. > Cure : Make one-half gallon of sage tea, add to it one ounce of alum, drench with one-half of it, and if he is not better in thii-ty or forty minutes, give the balance, and bleed one gallon — in six hours give a mild physic ; this will never fail if given in time. Never give turpentine, as many do, it will affect the kidneys. Colic. — Symptoms — the horse lies down and gets up often, and looks around at his flank; his ears and legs are cold. Cause of this is cold water and change of food, over quantities of acid collecting in the stomach. Cure : Take laudanum I ounce, sulphuric ether 1 ounce, one- half pint of water milk warm, drench, and if not better in forty or fifty minutes, bleed, and repeat the drench. Do not allow the horse to be moved -while sick. T0\™ OF WEST SPABTA. 189 Applln, Job W., manuf. of patent looms and farmer 33 Applln, PWlemon W., blacksmith and far- mer 11 Abbey, Jobn, farmer, bouse and lot AngeU, Stepben, farmer 77 Barber, James, laborer Bastlan, Jacob, farmer 40 CARPENTER, SAMOEL V., market gar- dener 114 COFFEE, JOHN, fai-mer 40 and oversees 600 for L. Bradner COFFEE, JAMES, farmer 33 Calfclns, Permella M., farmer S6 Curry, Alexander, farmer 50 Duval, Alexander, laborer, H. & L. Esserlne, Martin, farmer 6 FRAZER, DATID, farmer 186 Gregory, Moses, fanner 145 GREGORY, E. M., farmer }i GILCHRIST, JOHN G., farmer 1 Gibson, James, laborer CIBSON, ROBERT, leases 100 GOHO, GEORGE, farmer 100 GRAY, MBS. JANE, house and lot Hunt, George, farmer 40 How, Jobn, farmer 1 HAMSHER, iJaNIEL, farmer 65 Hamsber, Jones S., leases 224 HARTMAN, HIRAM, farmer 110 HAETMAN, GEORGE & DENNIS S., far- mers 185 Hansbeck, Josepb, sboemaker HARTMAN, MONROE Jobnson, Jobn, blacksmltb, B. &L. Jones, Edward D., farmer 50 KELLBY, JOHN O., (witb Jacob Morscb,) prop, of Sparta mills KELLEY, Mrs. AGNES, dressmaker si,nd nurse, H. & L. Kennedy, George, farmer 60 Kemp, Joel M., farmer 12 Kemp, Jobn N., boatmnn and farmer 9 KEMP, STEPHEN, farmer 90 MoNair, Andrevv J., book agent and far- mer 4M McKeown, Alex., brick mak'r & farm'rSO MoNair, Hugb T., farmer 500 Manlon, Paul, laborer M ANION, PATRICK, laborer MoSAIR, JOHN W., farmer 320 23 MoNair, Cbarles W., farmer 300 McNAIR, DAVID, dealer in blooded sbeep and farmer 300 MONTZ, PHILIP, farmer 17 MOSHIER, NICHOLAS, leases 42 Marsb, WiUlam R., leases 77 Marsb, Cbarles D., farmer 168 MARSH, OGDEN, farmer McMaster, William C, farmer 60 McMaster, Bbenezer R., grain dealer and farmer 63 McMaster, Ebenezer, farmer 80 MoMASTER, RICHARD, iarmer208 Mutchler, Jobn R.,/armer 22 MoKITTRICK, HUGH, stock dealer and farmer 20 MCMASTER, EBENEZER, JB., farmer 60 Muobler, F. G., farmer 70 Mucbler, Mrs. SaUy, farmer 22 Marsb, Charles G., farmer 100 MCMASTER, WM. H. MoMASTER, Mrs. LUCY L., farmer 70 MOKITTRICK, ROBERT Narregang, Mrs. Nancy, farmer 60 Norton, Franklin, fanner 40 i Owens, Domnick, laborer OWENS, MICHAEL, farmer 47 Ogden, Cbarles W., leabes 108 PARISH, PHILO, shoemaker IK Price, Miss Diadama, farmer 2 Price, Henry R., carpenter and fanner 4 PRICE, LEMUEL, leases 190 Perry, Charles, leases 110 PASSAGE, GIDEON D., general specula- tor and farmer 130 Preston, Jobn, farmer 100 PRICE, DANIEL R., carpenter and jus- tice of the peace, H. 4 L. Rose, William C, miller ROSE, OSMER M., millwright & farmer 6 Roslngton, Thomas, fanner 25 ROWB, SmON, farmer 64 Rano, William, farmer Robin, Vincent, fanner 11 ROLISON, EDWARD, farmer 40 Robson, William, Y, carpenter, H. SsL. Spear, Alvab W., miller K SHOUP, JOHN H., carpenter & farmer 3 SMITH, DAVID, cooper and farmer 1 STRICKLAND, SOLOMON E,, Shoemaker and farmer 32 190 MVlNOBTDlf COtTKXjr BUSrNTJMS tOUiBaiosx.^ ff r, — ■ — ■■ ^„. — —^ - — , — ^^«,*-- TILE Y^PLID. H. p. WARREN & CO., STUX MiVjrUi'ACTURK A-11 Kinds of Drain Tile, At their Yard, two miles Soutli and oue-lialf luile West ai York Center. A GOOD SUPPLY CONSTANTLY ON HAND, which will be SOLID A.S CHEAP A.S ELSEWHERE. « H. P. WARUEllV. BAVID SPITTALi. Horseman's Friend,— Continued. Founder in the First (S'to^w.— Symptoms — the horse is stiff, his feet hot and often trembles, very thirsty. Cure : Bleed from the neck vein three or four gallons, or until he falls, then give the following : One-half ounce of aloes, 4 drachms gamboge, one-half ounce of oil of sassafras ; make this into a pill, give it, and give him all the sassafras tea he will drink; turn up his feet and fill them full of boiling hot lard, bathe his.legs in hot water and rub them well. This will never fail to cure in forty-eight hours. Siek Stomach — Debility. — Symptoms — the horse refuses to. eat, thirsty, hangs his head, reels when he walks, eyes dull. Cure : Bleed one-half gallon, then if he will eat a mash give him one ; give no hay ; then give him one-half ounce of rhu- barb every night until it moves his bowels, then take of gen- tian root 4 ounces, lenigreak 2 ounces, niti-e one-half ounce — mix and give a large spoonful every day ; do not give him too much to eat when his appetite returns. Distemper. — Symptoms — swelling under the jaws, can not swallow. Cure : Bleed two gallons, and physic, then if a tumor is found under the jaws, open it — if not, apply the General Lini- ment to the swelling, or the White Ointment— -make it break TOWN OF WEST SPARTA. 191 Stoner, Martin, miller ana farmer 128 SHAW, OLIVER, farmer 50 STEVENS, JEFFERSON J., farmer 00 Shaw, Wm, A., farmer 30 Swans, Micliaol, leases 160 Shaw, Zacharias, farmer 35 Tolcs, David D., cooper 1 Thompson, Henry V., laborer Thompson, Staata V. D., farmer antl hotel THOMPSON, JOHN C, thrasher and far- mer, n. & L. UNION CORNERS. Thompson, Mrs. Catharine, farmer 50 Truman, Mrs. Thebe, farmer 20 ^ ULLYETT, L. T., miller VAN SCOTER, JAMES, blacksmith The following residents of the town of VAN IIOOSEH. ISAAC, prop, of M'ood- West Sparta receive their mail at Union ville hotel,(profession telegraphing) Corners : Van Dorn, William, thrasher & farmer 10-1 Brewer, Charles, farmer 113 Williams, Hiram B., blacksmith U CREVLING, JOHN, farmer 1« Wilcox, Timothy, farmer 1 Chapman, Jacob, "farmer 120 Wompolc, William, farmer 12 Doviuuoy, George W., farmer 84 WILLCOX, EBENEZER, farmer 100 Draw, H., farmer 25 WALLACE, JAMES, shoemaker and far- GREEN, CALVIN, Christian clergyman mer 211 and farmer 230 Willhelm, John, shoemaker & farmer 110 Green, Philetus W., farmer 80 Green, William A., thrasher & farmer 100 Green, Harlow B., farmer lOG MOU^ifT MORRIS. Hartman, Cameron, farmer 120 Jacket, Samnel, leases 105 KNOX, KILER K., farmer 3 The following residents of the town of Kingsley, Caleb, farmer 128 West Sparta receive their mail at Mount Kiehlo, Edward T., leases 100 Morris : Knappenbnrg, Wm. S., leases 144 Jones, James S., blacksmith & farmer i1 KYSOR, II. F. POPPON, JOHN, leases 247 KYSOR, SYLVENS, farmer 150 Wilch, John 0., leases 300 KYSOR, BENJ. F., farmer 80 Kingsley, Horace, farmer 100 Kiehlo, Roabon, mason and farmer 50 Lester, Silas, merchant and farmer 3 N U N D A . MUCHLER, ■WM. C, leases 101 Perinc. Joseph C, farmer 00 The following residents of the town of Palmer, Miner, postmaster and farmerT West Sparta receive their mail at Nun- da :- Ferine, James B., farmer lOS Perinc, John, farmer 150 COCK, ADAM F.. carpenter & fiinner 3a Sherwood, Abijali, Baptist clergyman, FAENSWORTH, ETiENEZEK D., Ras- II. & L. es 50 Stevens, Mrs. Hannah, II. & L. Slaight, Wm. J., stockdealer & farmpr 00 Slicrman, Charles, farmer 60 TUSCARORA. Van Wagner, Peter W., farmer 115 Van Wagner, Andrew, farmer 50 The followin;,' residents uf Uie town of Vim Ness, John 'P., tor. Sec for S. S. and West Spavtit rtcelve their mJvU at Tus- rarnier 818 carora : Wallacoi, James 11., carpmiter & farmer 3 192 hobseman's fkiend. on the outside if possible, then give of the cleansing powder for ten or twelve days, in mashes. Turn him out if you can get • pasture. General Liniment. — Tui-pentine one-half pint, linseed oil one- half-pint, aqua-amonia 4 ounces, tincture of iodine one, shake it all well — this is used for different things spoken of in the differ- ent receipts, sores or swellings, sprains, &c. Sprain in the Stifle. — Symptoms — the horse holds up his foot, moans when moved, swells in the stifle — this is what is called stifling ; there is no such thing as this joint getting out of place. Cure : Bleed two gallons, foment the stifle with hot water, rub it diy, then bathe it well with the general liniment every morning and night, give him a mash and he will be well. Never allow any stifle shoe or cord on the foot or leg. Broken Knees. — This is caused by the horse falling on the knees. First, cleanse the parts of gravel and dirt, then wash them — take two gills of alcohol, one-half ounce of arnica, tie the knees up in coarse linen, and if they swell in twenty-four hours bleed, and keep the bowels open with mashes and apply the blue or the iodine ointment every other day; do not use the horse till he is perfectly well, or it may cause the knees to break out again. Worms. — Symptoms — the horse eats but will not thrive, his belly gets big, his hair stays. Cure : Give one quart of strong tea made of wormwood at night, the next day give 7 drachms of aloes, 2 dracliuifi of calo- mel, make it into a ball and give it; give no cold water for forty- eight hours, make it milk warm ; give him two or three bran mashes, and some of the cleansing powder; if ho show any move symptoms repeat the dose in three weeks. Tliis will never fail. Physic Ball. — One-half ounce of aloes, 3 drachms of gamboge, twenty drops of the oil of juniper, make it into a pill with a few drops of molasses, wrap it up in thin paper and grease it, draw out the tongue with the left hand, place the gag In the mouth TOWN OF TOEK. 193 yoe,k:. FOWLEliVILLE. The fullowiDg residents of tlie town of York receive their mail at Fowlerville : Adams, Miles B.. bulclier Barton, James, laborer Bailey, John, shoemaker Brown, John, wagon maker Bow, James n. BUSn, WM., hop grower and farmer 30 Bigelow, James M., carpenter BULLARD, DEREICK, hoarding house CASEY, JOHN P., produce dealer Collins, Alfred, laborer CUSHMAN, WM. M., carpenter & joiner CAMPBELL, JOUN P. Casey, Israel, farmer 230 CASEY, GEEEIT S., farmer CAREY, NEIL, butcher CAPEON, ISABELLA F. Clanas, Mary F., fanner 68 Chapard, George B., carpenter DOW & FOWLBE, general merchants, manuf. of agricultural Implements and farmers 80 DOW, BEAY F., (Dow & Fowler) far- mer 123 DAVANY, JOUN M., moulder DOW, LL'MAN F., clerk for Dow & Fow- ler, and hop grower ELLIOT, GEORGE, farmer IDS KSCltITT, TIIOS., shoemaker ENSIGN, JOB II., farmer 120 ESCIIITT,.MATTHEW, laborer FOWLER, JAMES S., (Dow & Fowler) postmaster and justice of the peace FOEEBST, JOHN M., carpenter and far- mer ljJ MoBEAN, JOHN, farmer Mount, Aaron, harness maker Millizcr, Jacob MEHAM, JAMES McCrarkon, Wm., farmci SO Milroy, Jnmcs, fanner 200 McGregor, TIIOMAS, farmer 11-2 McPhcrson, Daniel, farmer HI McDonald, JOHN, hop grower and far- mer 75 McVan, Alpin, fanner 133 MeKensie, Kenneth, farmer 2D0 McVean, Homer, farmtr 320 194 horseman's feiend. and run the pill back with the right hand until it drops off, let the head down and give a sup of water. First, prepare the horse by giving one or two mashes. Iodine Ointment. — Get one ounce of the grese iodine, one pint of alcohol, let this stand in the sun two days, and this is the tincture of iodine. Take two ounces of tincture and one-half pound of lard, mix well and you have the iodine ointment. This is used wherever the receipts refer to the ointment. Big or Milk Leg. — This is brought on by a hurt, a want of action in the absorbent system — it is dropsy of the muscles of the leg. Cure : Apply the Liquid Blisterer every three hours until it blisters, then in six hours grease with soft oil of any kind, then in eight days wash the part clean and apply it again — repeat it for three or four times, then use the iodine ointment — if this does not remove it all, apply the spavin medicine, this will re- move all. Liquid Blisterer. — Take alcohol one pint, turpentine one-half pint, aqua-amonia four ounces, oil of origanum one ounce, apply this as spoken of every three hours till it blisters — do not repeat oftener than once in eight days, or seven at least, or it will kill the hair. Mange and Surfeit. — Caused by running out in wet weather, over driving and poor cleaning. Symptoms — the horse rubs and it is itchy all over, broken out in scabs. Cure : Bleed and physic, then take sulpur one-half pound, two pounds of lard, mix well, grease the part affected every three or four days, stand the horse in the sun until all dries in, give him a few doses of the cleansing powder. IIow to I'ame the Wild Horse. — Halter him, and then take tlie warts from the leg, dry and powder, then blow it up liis nose, then take the oil of rhodium, drop a few drops on your hand, and rub it over his nose— this will make him follow you, and you can make him do anything you wish. "We paid Periy Planchei- $20 for this receipt ; he is the Arabian liorse tamer. Spavin and llingboiie Medicine. — Take of cantharides three TOWN OF YOKE. 195 O'Brien, Owen, boatman and farmer 5 COKER, CARROLL, brick and stone ma- Powell, Sheldon, farmer 100 son, farmer 30 Roberta, Georfje, Jr., ginsmith and hop COKER, Mns. SARAH, farmer 2 grower CL.\PP, FRANKLIN I., farmer 120 UOBEKTS, GEORGE COON, WASHINGTON, laborer Roberts, Josiah P., painter CHILD, CYNTHIA, farmer (58 REDFIELD, NELSON C, carpenter and CLAPP, WM. IL, farmer 104 joiner Clapp, Lowell II., farmer 07 Simpson, Robert, fanner 140 Collins, Asenath, farmer 21 Stickney, F. R., farmer 60 Colbnrn, William Swarts, John, blacksmith Donnan, John A., farmer 192 SCOTT, WM., machinist DONNAN, JOHN, farmer MO SMITH, HAMILTON E., farmer 500 Dodge, Miss Sarah, farmer 03 Snyder, Ambrose, farmer 10 EDWARDS, A. D., farmer 51) Spencer, John, farmer 20 FOSBURY, ADALINE M., farmer 25 Sackett, Orange, farmer YOO FR.1NCIS, GEORGE B., farmer fi7>f TOW, EPHEAIM W., blacksmith Gray, James, farmerlS TORREY, CHARLES, hop grower 4 GIBSON, ALEXANDER Jn., blacksmith TOKREY, IRA, farmer 148 Goddard, William H., farmer 120 Vallance, Robert, farmer 370 HUNTER, JOHN, cai-pentcr VALLANCE, ALEX., farmer JONES, ALFRED N., farmer 193 VALLANCE, ROBERT Jb., farmer McBurney, Wm., farmer VAN VALKENBURGH, JOHN, grocer McMichaelf Thomas, merchant and farmer 3 Mead, Charles, laborer WEST, A. A., homceopathic physician McMlCHAEL, Mrs. MELINDA, farmer 23 WINDSOR, JOHN D., clerk Mead, Mary Ann Weller, Eugene D., leases 37S PATTON, JOHN, farmer WALLACE, ROBERT, blacksmith Rico, Frances, postmaster Webber, John C, carpenter RAMSEY, WM., farmers)^ West, Willonghby, carriage maker RIPPEY, JAMES L., farmer 190 WELLER, Mb. I,, fiirmcr Rowley, David G., wagon maker WEST, HENRY H., mechanic Rippey, John, farmer 100 Whitcomb, Silas B., farmer 92 Rice, Sylvanns, farmer 150 WILSON, ROBERT, farmer 80 Rice, James, farmer 90 WELLER, BANCROFT, farmer 180 Sison, Henry, farmer 5 WILSON, ELIZABETH SLACK, GEORGE, farmer 20 Sheldon, Edward W., farmer 39 Surdam, Younglove, farmer 23 TUTTLE, DIANTIIA, farmer 1'.) Tntllo, Moses, farmer 93 GREIGSVILLE. Ward, John, farmers The following residents of the town of York receive their mail at GreigsviUe : MOSCOW Boyd, Thomas P., farmer 225 BOYD, MYRON H., farmer The following residents of the town of BAKER, JAMES, shoemaker York receive their mail at Moscow : \ Black, William CHALMERS, JAMES, farmer 100 i Blakesloe, Senator, farmer 178 LEWIS, WILLIAM, farmer 153 ' BIDWELL, ASA, farmer 100 Smith, Hampton M., farmer 04 C irudnQ', Andrew, blacksmith & ftirmcr 10 TEN EYCK, DANIEL G., farmer .«;< 196 houseman's friend. ounces, mercurial ointment four ounces, tincture of iodine three ounces, turpentine four ounces, corrosive sublimate three drachms, — mix all well with one pound of lard, color it if you like. Follow the directions here given. Use twelve ounces of lard to the pound. If for ringbone or bone spavin, cat off the hair from the part affected and merely grease the lump with the ointment. Rub it in well with the naked hand. In two days grease the part with lard, and in four days wash it off with soap and water :ind apply the ointment again. So repeat it every four days-. If for windgalls or bog spavin or curb, apply the ointment every six days. Johnston's Ointment. — Take oil of origanum one ounce, alco- hol one-half pint, oil of cedar one-half ounce, oil of cloves one- half ounce, turpentine one-half ounce, olive oil eight ounces — shake all well. Tliis is used for almost all complaints of the muscles. How to cure Corns. — Take off the shoe, cut out the. corns and drop in a few drops of muriatic acid, the/ make the shoes so they will npt bear on the part affected. Apply the hoof liquid to the hoof to remove the fever. This is a sure treatment. We never knew it to fail. Opodeldoc. — Take alcohol one-half gallon, two pounds of cas- tile soap, four ounces of gum camphor, two ounces oil of ambre, place the alcohol into a pot in hot water, shave up the soap and keep it hot until all dissolves, and you have the old original opodeldoc. Fresh Wounds. — First, stop the blood by tying the arteries, or by applying the following wash — four grains of the nitre of sil- ver, one ounce of soft water, wet the wound with this and then drav/ the edges together by stitches one inch apart, then wash clean, and if any swelling in tiventy-four hours, bleed and ap- ply the blue ointment or any of the liniments spoken of Keep the bowels open. Green Ointment.— Take seven pounds of lard, put into ten gal- lon kettle, add two gallons of water, cut jimpson weeds, and fill TOWN OF YORK. 197 P I F F A U 1> . The following resiflents of tie town of York receive tlicir mail at Piffard : BALLARD, DANIEL A., carpenter Conway, Patrick, laborer CONTN'AY, JAMES, slioemaker Donnan, Andrew D., farmer 155 FOOSB, GEO. C, farmer 10 GILMORE, JAMES & THOS., farmers 504 HARRIS, JAMES B., liorse tamer, Ac. Hayes, Jolin Higbey, Hiram, farmer 85 Jones, James, farmer 170 KENDALL, TIMOTHY, Inmber yard ana steam saw mill KNOWLEN, PATRICK, laborer McFberson, Marthia Mann, WiUiam, wagon maker Nichols, Burton C, farmer 35 PURKEY, AARON, farmer 173 Piffard, David, farmer 660 Raymond, Martin S., hotel keeper Rick, Ira P., carpenter ROBINS, G. C, produce dealer RAYMOND, WYMAN B., hotel keeper SINCLAIR, Mrs. MARGARET, farmer 80 SMITH, HENRY W., farmer 229 Spencer, William H., farmer 17oo STIVERS, ALEXANDER E., laborer Sherwood, Lydia Smiley? Andrew, farmer 230 VOSS, CHARLES, blacksmith Valentine, James, farmer 240 Welsh, Richard W., farmer WELLER, ADDISON M., postmaster and merchant WAY, OLIVER, carpenter Way, Merritt PEORIA. The following residents of the town of York receive their mail at Peoria : BAILEY, ISAAC, farmer 100 24 Biggart, James, farmer 120 BARCLAY, JAMES, farmer 74K CLAPP, GEO. W., farmer 34 Dow, John and James A., farmers 146 Dow, Jas. W. and Rob't R., farmers 142K EDGEBLY, JEROME, farmer 130 Fobcs, Jotham Innis, Duncan, farmer 150 McChury, Hugh, farmer 32 McKee, Joseph, farmer 2 Noble, James, farmer 23 , Randall, George W., farmer 90 STEWART, ARCHIBALD, farmer 168 SHANNON, FRANCIS, farmer 65 SMITH, ALYN W., farmer 190 Taylor, William B., farmer 92)J Tryon, Joseph A., farmer 219 TRYON, JARED L., farmer YOKK. The following residents of the town of York receive their mail at York : Anderson, Peter, wagon maker Allen, James, farmer 147 ARMSTRONG, JOHN, farmer 23 BOWDEN, SAMUEL, pastor of Reformed Presbyterian church BALDWIN, THEODORE F., hardware merchant and tinsmith Brown, George W., laborer BAIRD, JOHN, farmer BOW, LYSANDER, farmer 104 Beird, Robert, farmer 3,^ BAIRD, SIMON, farmer 45 Bryce, James, farmer 240 Boyd, William, farmer 70 Barnes, Mrs. Mary, farmer 106 BOW, C, farmer Carnahan, Stoddard, cooper & farmer 3)i COOLEY, JAMES, farmer 133 Cooley, Orson, farmer 160 CULLINGS, JOHN, fanner Cullings, Ebenezer, farmer 98 Cameron, John, farmer SO Cudney, Josiah, carpenter 1 COLVIN, JOHN, blacksmith 198 horsejiak's friend. them in and cook them four to six hours, slow, and cook all the water out, then put into jars, add to each pound of ointment one ounce of turpentine. This is a cheap and good stable ointment — good for scratches, galls, cuts, &c. Lampers. — All young horses are liable to this trouble — it is nothing but inflammation of the gums. Cure : Bleed or scarify the gums — never burn, for it spoils the teeth, and adds to the cause of the disease. Give a bran mash, rub the gums with salt — give the cleansing powders. How to make the Drops to make Old Horses Young, or get up and Howl. — Take the tincture of asafoedita one ounce, tincture of cantharides one ounce, oil of cloves one ounce, oil of cinna- mon one ounce, antimony two ounces, fenegreak one ounce, fourth-proof' brandy one-half gallon ; let it stand ten or twelve days, and give ten drops in a pail of water — or one gallon. How to make Ointment like Sloan's. — Take mutton tallow four pounds, beeswax one-half pound, rosin one-half pound, turpen- tine three ojinces — melt over a slow fire, and, when partly cold, add the turpentine, and you have the same ointment Sloan sells . to cure eveiything. Try it and prove its value. Butten Fareey. — Cause, over heat, high feeding and no zer- oise. Symptoms — the limbs swell up and break out in running sores. Cure : In first stages bleed and physic, then take of gentian two ounces, ginger three ounces, make this into a stiff paste, divide into twelve parts, add to each part separately ten grains of arsenic, make ipto pills, give one morning and evening, until it makes his mouth sore, then wash the sores clean, and apply the blue ointment to the wbunds — if not much better in three weeks — bleed and repeat the pills. Apply the different liniments to the legs if they swell. Be careful not to get the matter on a wound, or it will kill you. Water Farcy. — This a swelling along under the chest, and forward to the breast. Bleed, rowel in the breast and all along the sweiring, six inches apart, apply the general liniment to the swelling, move tlie rowels every day, let them stay in until TOWN OF YOBK. 199 Craig, William, farmer 112 Craig, Duncan S., farmer 80 Collin, James, farmer 25 Copeland, Steward, farmer 80 Carlisle, Ebenezer, farmer 140 CARLISLE, GEORGE, farmer 114% COWAN, WILLIAM, farmer 150 CULLINGS, JAMES, farmer 188 Doolittle, Henry L., Presb. clergyman Dayle, Patrlolc, shoemaker Donoghvie, Cornelius DAVIS, ALEXADER & WALTER, farm- ers 110 Davis, James, farmer 30 Davis, Thomas, farmer 76 DAILY, JOHN, farmer 2K Douglas, Jolin A., farmer loo Edgar, Alexander, carpenter Edgar, Joseph, merchant Edgar, Mrs. WilUam Forrest, J. A., (MoKean & Forrest) Frasher, William, wagon maker Frasher, Daniel FOSTER, JOHN GODDARD, JABEZ, farmer 10 GRANT, WM. J,, clerk, Gillet, Benjamin R., harness maker Gibson, Alexander, blacksmith GODDARD, LYMAN, laborer Gibbans, James, farmer GRAY, FREDERICK A., prop. Livingston Co. cheese factory and farmer 450 GRANT, DAVID & WM., farmers 110 GUTHRIE, WM., farmer 80 GUTHRIE, Mrs. D., farmer 80 Guthrie, John, farmer 157 Gordon, Thomas, farmer 62 GODDARD, PAUL, farmer 160 Howell, Jededlah, clerk HITT. RAY, hotel keeper and farmer SO Holmes, Daniel, merchant and fanner 60 Hay ward, Alven HALL, MBS. MARTHA, Haggart, Duncan, carpenter Howell, John M., farmer 95 HOLLOWAY, MBS. WM., farmer 106 Button, Alexander, farmer 130 HURLBURT, JOHN N., farmer 150 HARRIS, JOHN W., farmer 100 HUTTON, JAMES S., school teacher JOHNSON, S. LOUISA, school teacher Johnson, Royal H., farmer JOHNSON, ALBERT F., farmer 147 Jamison, Hugh, farmer 12 Kennedy, John R., merchant Kennedy, Archibald, farmer 179 Kennedy, Thomas, farmer 116 Kanney, Patrick, farmer 12 LYON, IRA G., farmer 200 LONG, Mrs. ABIGAIL T., LOGAN. WM, farmer 7 Lamb, Benjamin, farmer 2 Mcdonald, Archibald k., manuf. of tiireshing machines, mowers and reapers, agricult'l implements, Jbc. McKEAN & FORREST, merchants Miller, John, blacksmith Mclntyre, Duncan, merchant Millard, Henrys millwright McCary, Sarah McArthur, Duncan, shoemaker McOlaud, Flnley McNabb, Mrs. Anna McNabb, James Mclntyre, James, farmer 160 McVane, Daniel McNaughton, John McKercher, Farquhar, carpenter McDougall, John, farmer 115 McNaughton, Peter, farmer 100 MCMILLEN, DANIEL, farmer 210 MCNAUGHTON, MALCOLM, farmer 120 MoNAB, JOHN, farmer 100 MoNAB, JAMES & DANIEL, farmers 160 MoKERCIIER, ARCHIBALD, farmer 110 MCDONALD, DONALD, farmer 160 McMARTIN, JOHN JB., farmer 66 McMARTIN, ARCHIBALD, farmer 106 MCAFEE, DAVID, farmer 2K McDougall, Catharine, farmer 125 McMillan, Catharine, farmer 30 MoBowell, Robert, farmer, 60 McMillan, John, farmer 100 McLaren, James farmer 172 Merry, Samuel, farmer 12 McDougall, Peter, farmer 123 Mclntyre, John R., farmer 100 McDougall, John N., farmer 160 McCoIl, Elizabeth, farmer 20o'' McKean, A. F., (McKean & Forrest) O'HARA, HUGH, farmer 2>i PATTON, DANIEL, farmer 51 200 HOESEMAN S PKIEND. the swelling goes ' down. Give soft food, mashes, with the cleansing powder in it. This is dropsy. Many causes for it — see Youatt's work on it. Diabetes, too free discharge of Urine, or canmot hold his water. — Cure : Give one-half ounce of the tincture of cantharides every morning for ten or twelve days, and if not entirely well repeat it again, and bleed one gallon from the neck. Give clean food. The cause is rotten or musty grain or too free use of turpentine. Keep him open with mashes and green food. Contraction of Tendons of the Nech. — Symptoms — often the head is drawn around to one side ; again, the horse cannot get his head to the ground. Cause of this is spraining the horse, and rheumatism produces the contraction. , Cure : If it is taken in the first stages, bleed from the neck two gallons, then ferment or bathe the part well with hot water, rub it dry and take the general liniment and apply it every day two or three times ; this will cure; if it is of long standing then blister all along the part affected with the liquid' blisterer, do this eveiy three^^ weeks until he is well, and rub with thel white ointment. For Rheumatism. — Take alcohol one-half pint, oil of origanum one-half ounce, cayenne one-half ounce, gum myrrh one-half ounce, one tea-spoonful of lobelia, and let all stand over night, then bathe the part affected. This is the best medicine I ever saw — I paid %o for this receipt. To cure Heaves. — Take one pint of alcohol and put it into all the tar it will cut. Give two table-spoonsful every morning, one hour before feeding, for ten or twelve mornings. To Drive off Poll-Evil before it breaks. — Take four ounces of oil of spike, one do. of British oil, one-eighth of white vitriol, one of extract of mullin hearts, and apply twice a day ; shake well before you apply; give the cleansing powder to cleanse the blood. To cure Ringbone token first coming. — Dissolve a quarter of a pound of saltpetre in a quart of soft water, and wash with it TOWN OF yOEK. \ 201 Poproy, Spencer, farmer 40 Reid, Alexander, mercbant & farmer loo Rians, Wm. J., harness maker ROSENBERG, JACOB, Harness maker ROSENBERG, ADAM, harness maker Root, Daniel D., farmer 38 RICHARDSON, HENRY, farmer 134 RUSS, MBS. MARGARET, farmer 144 Kus3, Kimball, farmer 60 Root, Chester, farmer 133 Root, George W., farmer 630 Russell, Augustus, farmer 105 RUSSELL, HENRY H., farmer 75 RILEY, BARNEY, farmer 2M Russell, Ledger, farmer 88 SHULL, DANIEL L., physician STEWART. DANIEL W., stencil cutter and engraver Shelle, Alexander, farmer 5 Spittal, Hugh, carpenter Stewart, Nlel, farmer 300 Seymour, Chester, carpenter Spencer, Daniel D. Spittal, James, farmer 120 STEWART, JAMES, farmer 50 STEWART, WM. & ALEX. W., farmers 268 SINCLAIR, ARCHIBALD, farmer 5 Stocking, Abram, farmer 230 SULLIVAN, EUGENE Stewart, Alexander, farmer 113 Simpson, Benjamin, farmer 5 Simpson, William, blacksmith & farmer 6 Stewart, Charles A., farmer 160 Spittal, David, (Harlan P. Warren &.Co.) Trimble, Joseph, wagon maker VAN EATON, JOHN, pastor U. P. church WALKER, ABRAM, carpenter WARREN, HARLAN P . & CO., manuf. of drain tile and farmers 30 WHITNEY, GEORGE W., farmer 150 WILLIS, SUSiN, farmer 127 Wood, Richard, leases 105 Whitney, George K.,"farmer 3K Wood, Job, farmer 74K Walker, Alexander, farmer 150 Walker, John, farmer lOO Wood, John, farmer 160 202 horseman's fbiend — uviNasTON oo. business dieectoby. twice a day. This will stop the growth and lameness and not remove the hair. To cure Eingbone of long standing. — Take one ounce of oil of spike, one do. of British oil, one ounce of oil of vitriol, one of nitre, one of spirits of turpentine, two do. of alcohol, one gill of tanner's oil. Mix all together in a junk bottle; rub it on every other day, and the other day rub on soft soap. When the skin cracks and runs matter, stop and gi-ease with lard. CHARLES TVILDER, AVON, n. v., FASHIONABLE ALSO DEAIiKR IST ALL POPULAR BRANDS OF Hair Oils, Colognes, Perfumery, &c. J. M. RANSOM'S wo. 3 BUFBALO STREET, TVUNUA, N. Y. ■WIIEKE 1VILL BE l-'OUND AT WHOLESALE OR RETAIL A GENERAL ASSOETMENT OP Musical Instruments, Piano Fortes, Organs, Melodeons, &c. A-XJiu LOVERS o:f" Goor> m:tjsic ARE INVITED TO CALL. LIVINGSTON COUNTY BUSINESS DIRECTOKY. 203 _ ____ Mount Morris iVlT. r/IORR8S, K. Y. JOHN I. HALSTED, - ■ - Proprietor. Travelers Conveyed to any part of the Country at the Lowest Bates. Omnibus runs to and from each Train of Oars.* A fine New Hearse always in readinesa for Funeral Occasions. Public Patronage Solicited. EXCELSIOR LIVERY STABLES (UISAil UF THI£ EAGliX; HGTEil/) IMCOXTUC'I" 3MOH.H.IS, Xff. "ST., I. McNEILLY, Proprietor, n Horses and Carriages to Let at all Times A.iid on Heasonatole Tei-ms. CAREFUL DEIVEES IN ATTENDANCE IP DESIRED. A FINE NEW HF.ARSE AL'-^'AYS IN READINESS j To attend, on. Funeral Occasions. 204 POPtTLATION BY TOWNS — POST-OFFICES. Popiilation of Livingston County, Census of 1865. Avou 2,930 Caledonia 1,725 Conesus 1,346 Geneseo , 3,001 Groveland 1,430. Leicester 1,051 Lima 2,925 Livonia 2,605 Mount Morris 3,770 North Dansville 3,724 Nunda 2,843 Ossian 884 Portage 1,407 Sparta 1,183 Springwater 2,227 t West Sparta 1,383 York 2,521 Total 37,555 Voters of Livingston County, per Census of 1865. Native 7 422 Nataralized 1,633 Total : 9,055 Pgst-Offices in Livingston County. Avon, Brook's Grove, Beyersville, Caledonia, Conesus, Conesus Center, Cuylerville, DausviUe, East Avon, E. Groveland, Powlerville, 1 Geneseo, Gibsonville, Greigsville, Groveland, Hemlock Lake, Hunt's Hollow, Lakeville, Lima, Livonia, Livonia Station, Moscow, Mount Morris, North Sparta, Nunda, Nnnda Station, Oakland, Ossian, Piffard, Bidge, Scottsbnrgh, South Avon, South Lima, South Livonia, Springwater, Tuscarora, Union Corners, York. SUPEBVISOES AND JDSTICES. 205 Supervisors. The Supervisors of the several Towns of Livingston County for 1868-9 are as follows. Their ternis of office expire on the first Tuesday in March, 1869. Avon — George W. Swan. Caledonia — Alexander Ferguson. Conesus — Solomon Hitchcock. Geneseo — Craig W. Wadsworth. Groveland — John Hartman. Leicester — John H. Jones. Lima — Eichard Peck. Livonia — David Gray. Mt. Morris — McNiel Seymour. Chairman of Board — Captain George W. Eoot, of York. Clerk of Board — Colonel Henry L. Arnold, of Geneseo. Justices of the Peace. N. Dansville — Jno. A. VanDerlip. Nunda — Herman D. Page. Ossian — Isaac Hampton. Portage — John S. Lyons. Springwater — Robert H. WUey. Sparta — John Shepard. "West Sparta — Leonard B. Fields. York — George W. Root. The following are the names of the Justices of the Peace in the County of Livingston at the date of this Publication, with the times when their respective terms will expire : Kaue. Residence. Tesm esfhies Dec. 31 Elisha Bacon Avon 1869 Henry A. Nott do 1872 John L. Burleigh do 1871 Calvin Knowles do 1870 Robert Wilson Caledonia 1870 Alexander Ferguson do 1872 J. H. McNaughton do 1869 John W. Walker do 1871 Henry C. Coe Conesus 1869 J. Colvin Barnes do 1870 A. B. Annis do 1871 AmosD. Coc..^ do 1872 Revilo Bigelow Geneseo 1868 Nelson Janes do 1869 John Rorbiich do 1871 HezekiahAUen do 1870 John Aten Groveland 1868 2.5 206 JUSTICES or the peace. Name. Residence. Tbbm expibes Dec. 31 George S. Ewart Groveland 1869 John P. Magee do 1870 James S. Oilman , do 1871 Ephraim Smith Leicester 1869 H. B. Higgins do 1871 Hiram Bichardson do 1870 W.W. Fletcher do 1868 Warren Green Livonia 1868 David Gray ^ do 1870 S. N. Chamberlin do 1871 John W. Byam do 1872 Henry Decker Lima 1869 William Arnold do 1868 E. A. Nash do 1870 T. C. Chase do 1871 F. J. Gamble Mount MorrLs 1869 Moses Camp do 1870 Palmer Conrad do 1868 William Petrie do 1872 Hugh McCartney North Dansville 1869 C. R. Kem , do 1868 J, C. Whitehead do 1871 Thomas Eomig do 1870 H. M. Dake Nunda 1868 Utley Spencer do 1869 William D. Hammond do 1870 Miles H. Wakeman do 1871 John J. Frost Ossian 1868 J. B. Prentice do .1870 Jacob Ciendenin do 1871 EdwardEathbun do 1868 Latham Coffin Portage 1868 Charles H. Eandall do 1869 Greenleaf Clark do 1870 Hiram Smith do 1871 George H. Johns Sparta 1868 E. E. Shutt do 1870 WiUiam D. McNair do 1869 George Shafer do 1871 JUSTICES — NOTABIES PUBLIC. 207 ifAME. Residence. L. R. Hopkins Springwater . Ira WJiitlock do B. M. Morris do Joel Hudson do Charles Brewer West Sparta. A. B. Van Nuys do Lgyi Robinson do D.K. Price do James S. Fowler York Archibald Kennedy do Jabez Stoddard do Janios M. Gray do Term EXPmES DEC. 31 ^.1868 1869 1871 1870 1869 1868 1870 1871 1868 1869 1870 1871 Notaries Public. Name. Residence. A. E. Moore , Avon Seward F. Gould do J. R. Strang Geneseo ■William Walker do George Sill do James S. Orton do Wilham A. Brodie do James J. Cone do F. G. Wicker Leice.ster George Thayer Lima B. F. Martin do Ira Patchin Livonia H. E. Brown Mount Morris. do do do do do C. L. Bingham A. M. Bingham A. C.Hall George S. Whitney McNeil Seymour James Faulkner Jr North Dansvillc. Luther Grant do SethN. Hedges do Mark J. Bunnell do George M. Osgoodby Nunda Term expiees ...March 13, 1869 . . .March 25, 1870 ..January 16, 1869 ...March 13, 1869 .January 15, 1870 .Februarys, 1870 .January 23, 1869 June 5, 1870 ..March 27, 1869 .January 15, 1870 .January 15, 1869 . .March 13, 1869 .January 16, 1869 ....April 10, 1869 . . . .April 10, 1869 ...March 13, 1869 .February 6, 1869 . . .March 20, 1869 . . .March 27, 1869 ...March 27, 1869 . . .March 12, 1870 . . . .March 4, 1870 . .January 15, 1870 208 NOTARIES PTJBIylC — COUNTY OFFICEES. Name. Eesidence. Term expihes WiUiam D. Hammond Nunda April 10, 1869 B. F. Bollah do March 13, 1869 Maurice Brown Springwater April 1, 1870 Luman F. Dow. . .• .York Marcli 12, 1870 Duncan Mclntyre do March 27, 1869 County OflScers. CI/EBK OP THE BOAED OP SUPEEVIEOBS. Name. Residence. P. O. Address, Henry L. Arnold Geneseo Geneseo. COEONEES. Zara H. Blake Dansville DansviUe. Enos G. Chase Geneseo Geneseo. Charles F. Morgan Mount Morris Mount Morris. J. C. Patterson Livonia South Livonia. COUNTY CLEKIi. A. A. Curtiss Geneseo Geneseo. DEPUTY CLEKKS. M. H. Baker Geneseo r Geneseo. N. A. Gearhart Geneseo Geneseo. COUNTY JUDGE. S. Hubbard Geneseo Geneseo. COUNTY TREASUEEE. ChaunceyMetcalf Geneseo Geneseo, DISTRICT ATTORNEY. James B. Adams Geneseo Geneseo. EXCISE COMSnSSIONEES. E. P. Metcalf Geneseo Geneseo. J. C. Whitehead North DansviUe Dansville. Eichard Johnson Groveland Geneseo. JUSTICES OP SESSIONS. Hezekiah Allen Geneseo Geneseo. A. B. Van Nuys West Sparta Byersville. LOAN COMMISSIONERS. James M. Gray York Greigsville. Justine Smith Mount Morris Mount. Morris. MEMBER OF ASSBMBLV. Lewis E. Smith. Livonia Livonia Station COUNTY OinOBES. 209 SCHOOL COMMISSIONEES. Name. Eesidence. P. O. Addkess. B. F. Francis Lima Lima. T. J. Thorp Portage Nunda Station. SHERIFF. George Hyland Jr Danaville Genesee. UNDER SHERIFF. William B. Wooster Leicester., Cuylerville. DEPUTY SHERIFFS. WUliam C. Fuller Nunda Nunda. Thomas O'Mara Geneseo Geneseo. Jerome Bouse Livonia Hemlock Lake. T. Thompson : Leicester Moscow. WiUiam A. Bristol Lima Lima. John Hyland Dansville Dansville. Jacob Crevling Mount Morris Mount Morris. SURROGATE. S. Hubbard Geneseo Geneseo. SUPERINTENDENT OF POOR. G. W. Barney Geneseo Geneseo. United States and State Officers UNITED STATES REVENUE COLLECTOR. Farley Holmes Penn Yan, Yates Co Penn Yan. DEPUTY REVENUE COLLECTOR. Ealph T. Wood Dansville .Dansville. UNITED STATES REVENUE ASSESSOR. Lewis Peck Phelps, Ont. Co Phelps. DEPUTY RE^'ENUE ASSESSORS. O. D. Lake Mount Morris Mount Morris. Thomas Wiard Avon East Avon. CANAL COLLECTORS. Augustus Conkey Mount Morris Mount Morris. Frank Eschricli Dansville Dansville. * CANAL SUPERINTENDENTS. Sec 1.— John H. Jones Leicester CuylerviUe. Sec. 2.— Horace Hunt Portage Hunt'p Hollow. 210 STATES AlTD TEBEITOEIES. States and Territories. ALABAMA was admitted, into the Union as a State, December 14, 1819. Area 50,722 square miles or 32,462,080 acres. Population in 1860, 964,201, of which 435,080 were slaves. It was settled near Mobile, in 1702, by the French. It is one of the chief cotton-gi-ow- ing States of the Union. An ordinance of secession was passed Jan- uary 11th, 1861, which was followed on the 21st by the resignation of its Members of Congress. AEKANSAS was admitted into the Union as a State, June 15, 1836. Area 52,198 square miles, or 33,406,720 acres. In 1860 its population was 435,450, of whom 111,115 were slaves. It was set- tled at Arkansas Post in 16S5 by the French. It is an agi'icultiiral State, its staples being cotton and corn. A vote for secession was cast May 6th, 1861, giving 69 for to 1 against. The State was reor- ganized March 14, 1864, under the plan contained in the Amnesty Proclamation of President Lincoln. The vote required under the proclamation was 5,405 ; about 16,000 votes were cast. CONNECTICUT was one of the original thirteen States, and rati- fied the United States Constitution January 9, 1788. Area 4,674 square miles, or 2,991,360 acres. Population in 1860, 460,147. It was settled at Windsor, in 1633, by English Puritans from Massa- chusetts. It is one of the most extensive manufacturing States in the Union. CALIFORNIA was admitted into the Union September 9th 1850. Area 188,981 square miles, or 120,947, 784 acres. Population in 1860, 305,439. It was settled at Diego in 1768 by Spaniards. It is the most productive gold mining region on the continent, and also abounds in many other minerals. White male citizens of the Uni- tod States, and those of Mexico who may choose to comply with tho treaty of Qugretaro, of May 30, 1848, who have resided in the State six months and in tho county or district thirty days, are entitled to vote. DELAWARE was one of the original thirteen States, and ratified the United States Constitution December 7, 1787. Area 2, 120 square miles or 1,356,800 acres. Population in 1800, 112,216, of whom 1,- 798 were slaves. It was settled ai Wilmington, early in 1638, by Swedes and Finns. It is a fruit and grain growing State, with some extensive manufactories FLORIDA was admitted into the Union March 3d, 1845. Area STATES AND TEEKITOEIES. 211 59,268 square miles, or 37,930,520 aores. Population in 1860, 140,- 425, of whom 61,745 were slaves. It is bounded on the north by Alabama and Georgia, on the east by the Atlantic Ocean, on the soutli by Florida Strait, on the west by the Gulf of Mexico and Ala- bama. It was settled at St. Augustine, in 1505, by Spaniards. It is an agricultural State, tropical in its climate and products. A seces- sion ordinance was passed on the 10th of January 18G1, by a vote of 62 to 7. GEOEGIA was one of the original thirteen States, and ratified the United States Constitution Januai-y 2d, 1788. Area 58,000 square miles, or 37,120,000 acres. Population in 1860, 1,057,286, of whom 462,198 were slaves. It is bounded on the north by Tennessee and North Carolina, on the east by South Carohna and the Atlantic Ocean, on the south by Florida and on the West by Florida and Alabama. It was settled at Savannah in 1733, by the English under General Oglethorpe. It is a large cotton and rice-growing State. A secession ordinance was passed January 19, 1861, by a vote of 208 to 98, and on the 23d of the same month its Members of Congress resigned. ^ IOWA was admitted into the Union December 28, 1846. Area 50, - 914 square miles, or 32,584,960 acres. Population in 18G0, 674,913. It is bounded on the north by Minnesota, on the east by Wisconsin and Illinois, on the south by Missouri and on the west by the Mis- souri Eiver. It was settled, at Burhngton by emigrants from the northern and eastern States. It is an important agricultural State and contains extensive lead mines. White male citizens of the Uni- ted Sates, having resided in the State six months and in the county twenty days, are entitled to vote. INDIANA was admitted into the Union December 11th, 1816. Area 33,809 square miles, or 21,637,760 acres. Population in 1860, 1,350,428. It is bounded on the north by Michigan and Lake Mich- igan, on the east by Ohio, on the south by Kentucky and on the west by Illinois. It was settled at Vincennes, in 1699, by the French. It is an agricultural State, chiefly devoted to grain and cattle raising. A residence of one year in the State entitles males twenty-one years of age to vote in the county of their residence. ILLINOIS was admitted into the Union December 23, 1818. Area 54,405 square miles, or 64,819,200 acres. Population in 1800, 1,711,951. It is bounded on the north by Wisconsin, on the cast by Indiana aud Lake Michigan, on the south by Kentucky, on the west 212 STATES AND TEKRITOEIES. by Missouri and Iowa. It was settled at Kaskaskia in 1683, by tlie Frenclj. It is the chief prairie State, and the largest gi-ain-growing and second largest cattlejraisiag State in the Union. AU white male inhabitants who have resided in the State one yeai and the election district sixty days, can vote in the district where actually residing. KANSAS was admitted into the Union in January, 1861. Area 78, - 418 square miles, or 50,187,520 acres. Population in 1860. 107,207. It is bounded on the north by Nebraska, on tlie east by Missouri, on the south by the Indian Territory and on the west by Colorado. It is an agricultural State, with a soil of rich, deep, black loam, exr'ept the central portion, which is partly a desert. The western portion is a fine grazing country. It also abounds in minerals to some extent. Some localities are well wooded. ICENTUCKY was admitted into the Union June 1st, 1792. Area 37, 680 square miles or 24, 115, 200 acres. Population in 1860, 1, 155, - 684, of whom 225,483 were slaves. It is bounded on the north by Illinois, Indiana and Ohio, on the east by West Virginia and Vir- ginia, on the South by Tennessee, and on the west by Missouri and Illinois. It was settled in 1775, by Virginians. Its principal prod- ducts are flax and hemp, producing more than any other State. A residence of two years in the State and one in the county ara the requirements to vote. LOUISIANA was admitted into the Union January 8th, 1812. Area 41,255 square miles, or 26,403,200 acres. Population in 1860, 708,002, of whom 331,726 were slaves. It was settled at IberviUe, in 1699, by the French. It is bounded on the north by Arkansas, on the east by Mississippi, on the south by the Gulf of Mexico, and on the west by Texas. Its chief product is sugar, producing more than any other State in the Union. An ordinance of secession was passed by a State Convention ordered by the Legislature, January 26, 1861, by a vote of 113 to 17. _The people voted on the question, and on March 28th the result was announced: For — 20,448, against — 17,- 296 ; giving a majority for secession of 3,152. Reconstruction was effected under the plan suggested in the Amnesty Proclamation of President Lincoln. Two years' residence in the State, and one in the Parish are the qualifications of voters. MINNESOTA was admitted into the Union Februaiy 20, 1857. Area 95,274 square miles or 60,975,536 acres. Population in 1860, 172,123 whites andabout 25,000 Indians. It is bounded onthenorth by British America, Lake of the Woods and Eainy Lake, on the east STATES AND TEERITOEIBS. 213 by Lake Superior and Wisconsin, on the South by Iowa, on the west by Dakota. It was settled about 184C, chiefly by emigrants from the northern and western States. It is an agricultural State, chiefly devoted to northern grains. The right to vote is extended to male persons twenty-one years of age, of the following classes : if they have resided in the United Seates one year, the State four months and the election district ten days ; white citizens of the Uni- ted States and those of foreign birth who have declared their inten- tion to become citizens ; persons of mixed white and Indian blood who have adopted the customs of civilization ; and those of pure Indian blood who have been pronounced cajDable by any district conrt of the State. MAINE was settled, at York, in 1623, by the English. It was ad- mitted as a State March 15; 1820. Area 31,766 square miles or 20,- 330,240 acres. Population in 1880, 628,279. It is bounded on the north by Canada, on the east by New Brunswick, on the south by the Atlantic Ocean, on the West by New Hampshire and Canada. Itj' is extensively engaged in the lumber trade and ship building. Cit- izens of the United States, except jDaupers and persons under guar- dianship, who have resided in the State for three months next pre- ceding the election, are entitled to vote. MARYLAND was one of the original thirteen States, and ratified the constitution of the United States April 28, 1788. Area ll,124 square miles, or 7,119,260 acres. Population in 1860, 687,049, of whom 87,189 were slaves. It is bounded on the north by Pennsyl- vania, on the east by Delaware and the Atlantic Ocean, on the south by Virginia and Chesapeake Bay, on the west by West Virginia. It was settled at St. Mary, in 1634, by Irish Bomah Catholics. It is an agricultural State, producing grain and tobacco. From the 1st of November, 1864. all slaves were declared free ; the Governor issu- ing his proclamation to that effect on the 29th of October, 1864. A residence of one year in the State, and six months in thS county, gives the right to vote to every white male citizen who takes the oath of allegiance prescribed in the constitution. MICHIGAN was admitted as a State Jaunary 29th, 1837. Area 56,243 square miles or 35,995,552 acres. Population in 1860, 749,- 113. It is bounded on the north by Lake Superior, on the east by Lakes Erio, St. Clair, Huron, and the Falls of St. Mary, on the south by Ohio and Indiana, on the west by Wisconsin and Lake Michigan. It was settled at Detroit in 1670, by the French. It is s grain-grow- 26 214 STATES AND TEBKITOKIES. ing and cattle-raising State, with rich and extensive mines of copper and iron in the northern peninsula. A residence of six months in the State preceding the election entitles white male citiz(;ns to vote. MASSACHUSETTS was one of the original thirteen States, and ratified the constitution of the United States February Gth, 1788. Area 7,800 square miles, or 4,992,000 acres. Popiilation in 1860, 1,231,066. It is bounded on the north by New Hampshire and Ver- mont, on the east by the Atlantic Ocean, on the south by Ehode Island and Connecticut, and west by New York. It was settled at Plymouth, November 3, 1620, by English Puritans. It is noted for the number and excellence of its schools. It ranks first in manufac- tures and fisheries. It is largely commercial, ranking second in the Union. A residence of one year in the Stataani payment of State or couuty tax, gives the right to vote to male citizens of tweniy-one years and upward, except paupers and persons under guardianship. MISSOURI was admitted into the Union December 14, 1821. Area 67,380 square miles, or 43,123,200 acres. Population in 1860, 1,182,012, of whom 114,931 were slaves. It is bounded on the north by Iowa, on the east by Illinois and Kentucky, on the south by Ark- ansas, on the west by the Indian Territory, Kansas and Missouri Eiver. It was settled at Genevieve in 1763, by the French. It is an ag-ricultural State. MISSISSIPPI was admitted as a State December 10th, 1817. Area 47,456 square miles, or 30.179,840 acres. Population in 1860, 791,305, of whom 436,631 were slaves. It is bounded on the north by Tennessee, on the oast by Alabama, on the south by Florida and the Gulf of Mexico, and on the west by Arkansas and Louisiana. It was settled at Natchez in 1716, by the French. Cotton is its main staple. An ordinance of secession was passed on the 9th of January 1861, by a vote of 84 to 15. NEW JERSEY was one of the thirteen original States, and rati- fied the' United States constitution DeceAber 18, 1787. Area 8,320 square miles, or 5,324,800 acres. Population in 1860, 672,035. It is bounded on the Nortli by New York, on the east by Delaware River, Delaware Bay and the Atlantic Ocean, on the south by Maryland, on the West by Maryland and Pennsylvania. It was settled at Ber- gen in 1624, by the Dutch and Danes. It is a grain aud fruit-grow- ing State. A residence of one year in the State gives the right to vote, except to paupers, &c. NEVADA was admitted as a State October 31, 1864. It comprises STATES AND TEBRITOKIES. 215 81,539 square miles, or 52,181,960 acres. At the time of its organi- zation tlie Territory contained a population of 6,857 white settlers. It abounds in minerals, whicli attracted a constant stream of emigra- tion to the Territory. The growth of Nevada has been rapid and steady. It also contains an immense basin of salt, five miles square. The State is barren for agricultural purposes, and is remarkably healthy. NORTH OAKOLINA was one of the original States, and ratified the United States Constitution, November 21, 1789. Its State con- stitution was adopted December 18, 1776, and amended in 1835. Area 50,704 square miles, or 32,450,560 acres. Population in 1860, 992,622, of whom 331,059, wore slaves. It is bounded on the north by Virginia, east by the Atlantic Ocean, south by South Carolina/ and Georgia, on the west by Tennessee. An ordinance of secession was passed May 21, 1861. It is an agricultural State with some mines and extensive pine forests. NEW HAMPSHIRE was one of the original thirteen States, and ratified the United States Constitution June 21, 1788. Its State constitution was framed January 5, 1776, and amended in 1784 and 1792. Area 9,280 square miles, or 5,939,200 acres. It is bounded on the north by Canada, on the east by Maine and the Atlantic Ocean, on the south by Massachusetts, on the west bj- Vermont. It is a grazing and manufacturing State. All male citizens, except paupers are aUowed to vote. Population in 1860, 326,073. NEW YORK was one of the original thirteen States and ratified the United States constitution July 26, 1788. It framed a State con- stitution April 20, 1777, which was amended October 27, 1801 and November 10, 1821 ; and a new one was adopted November 3, 1846. Area 47,000 square miles, or 30,080,000 acres. Population in 1865, 3,831,777. It is bounded on the north by Lake Ontario, the River St. Lawrence and Canada, on the east by Vermont, Massachusetts and Connecticut, on the south by New Jersey and Pennsylvania, and on the west by Penusylv;inia, Lake Erie and Niagara River. It ib the most populous, wealthy and commercial of the States. White male citizens of the United States, who have resided in the State one year, in the county four months and in the election district thirty days, are entitled to vote ; and all men of color who have resi- ded in the State threa years, and own ond pay taxes on a freehold assessed at $250. OREGON was admitted as a State February 14, 1859. Popula- 216 STATES AND TEEBITOBIES. tion iu 1860, 52,465. Area 102,606 square miles, or 65,667,840 acres. It was first taken possession of by Capt. Robert Gray, in 1792. It is bounded on the north by Washington Territory and the Columbia Eiver, on the east by Lewis or Snake Kiver and Idaho, south by Cal- ifornia and Nevada, and on the west by the Pacific Ocean. Its soil is fertile, it has extensive pastures, and is well wooded, with a genial climate. Gold and other metals are found to a ccnsidorfible extent. OHIO was admitted into the Union April 30, 1802. Area 39,964 square miles, or 25,576,960 acres. Population in 1860, 2,339,511. It is bounded on the north by Michigan and Lake Erie, on the east by Pennsylvania and West Virginia, on the south by West Virginia and Kentucky, and on the west by Indiana. Settlement was begun at Marietta, iu 1788, by emigrants from Virginia and New England. It ranks among the first as an agricultural State, wool, grain and live stock comprising its principal products. A male twenty-one years of age, who has resided in the State one year, and has paid or been charged with a State or county tax, is eligible to vote. RHODE ISLAND was one of the original thirteen States, ratify- ing the United States Constitution May 29, 1790. Area 1,306 square miles, or 835,840 acres. Population in 1860, 174,620. It was set- tled at Providence, in 1636, by English from Massachusetts, under Roger Williams. It is bounded on the north and east by Massachu- setts, on the south by the Atlantic Ocean, and on the west by Con- necticut. It is an extensive manufacturing State. A freehold pos- session of $13, or, if in reversion, renting for $7, together with a residence of one year in the State and six months in the town ; or if no freehold, then a residence of two years in the State and six months in the town, and payment of $1 tax or mihtary service instead, are qualifications of voters. PENNSYLVANIA was one of the original thirteen states, ratify- ing the United States Constitution December 12, 1790. Area 46,000 square miles, or 29,440,000 acres. Population in 1860, 2,906,115. It was settled at Philadelphia, in 1681, by English Quakers. It is bounded on the north by New York and Lake Erie, on tho east by the Delaware River, on the south by Delaware, Maryland and West Virginia, on the west by Ohio. It is the principal oil, coal and iron producing State in the Union. It ranks second in population and wealth. Residence in the State one yoai-, and ten days in the elec- tion district, with payment of a State or county tax assessed ten days prior to an election, gives the right to vote ; except that citizens STATES AND TBBRITOEIES. 217 between twenty-one and twenty- two years of age need not have paid the tax, TEXAS was admitted into the Union March 1st, 184.5. Area 237,- 504 square miles, or 152,002,500 acres. Population in 1860, 604,215, of whom 182,566 were slaves. It was settled at Bexar, in 1694, by Spaniards. It is bounded on the north by the Indian Territory, on the east by Arkansas and Louisiana, on the south by the Gulf of Mexico and Rio Grande River, on the west by New Mexico and the Rio Grande River. It is an agricultural State ; grain, cotton and tropical fruits are produced. An ordinance of secession was passed February 1st, 1861, by a vote of 166 to 7, submitted to the people Pebruary 23d, and on March 4th they declared the State out of the Union. A proclamation was issued by Governor Houston to that effect. TENNESSEE was admitted into the Union as a State June 1, 1797. Area 45,600 square miles, or 29,184,000 acres. Population in 1860, 1,109,601, of whom 275,179 were slaves. It is bounded on the north by Kentucky and Virginia, east by North Carolina, on the south by Georgia, Alabama and Mississippi, on the west by the Mis- sissippi River. It was settled at Fort Donelson, ia 1756, by emi- grants from Virginia and North Carolina. An election was held on the 8th of June 1861, the result being 104,913 for and 47,238 against secession. This not being in accordance \nth. the feelings of the people of East Tennessee, who had declared against separation by a vote of 32,923 to 14,780, they, in a convention held at Greenville, June 18, repudiated it. The United States Constitutional Amend- ment was ratified April 5, 1865. Citizens of the United States, who have resided six months in the county, are entitled to vote. SOUTH CAROLINA was one of the original thirteen States, and ratified the United States Constitution May 23, 1798. Area 29,385 square miles, or 18,806,400 acres. Population in 1860, 703,708, of whom 402,406 were slaves, making the slave population 101,270 in excess of the whites. It was settled at Port Royal, in 1670, by the English. It is bounded on the north by North Carolina, east by the Atlantic Ocean, south by Savannah River and Atlantic Ocean, west by Savannah River. Rice is produced in great abundance. Decem- ber 17, 1860, a convention assembled in Columbia, adjourning to Charleston, and on the 24th unanimously adopted an ordinance of secession, which was followed the next day by a declaration of causes claimed to be sufficient to justify the act. An election for delegates 218 STATES AND TEKKITOEIES. to a State convention ^vas held September ^tli, 1865. The conven- tion assembled September 13th, and adjourned on the 28th. It re- pealed the ordinance of secession, abolished slavery, equalized the representation of the Senate and taxation throughout the State, gave the election of Governor and Presidential Electors to the people, ordered voting in the Legislature by viva voce, endorsed the admin- istration unanimously, and directed a commission to submit a code to the Legislature for the protection of the colored population. The Legislature ratified the constitutional amendment November 13, 1865. VIEGIInLV was one of the original thirteen States, ratifying the United States Constitution June 25, 1788. I'he State -was divided in 1863. Area 37,353 square miles. Population in 1860, 1,314,534, of ■whom 481,410 Avere slaves. It Wiis settled at Jamosto-vvn, in 1607, by tht! English. It is bounded on the north by the Potomac River and West Virginia, east by tlie Potomac Kiver, Chesapeake Bay and the Atlantic Ocean, south by jSTorih Carolina, west by Kentucky and West Virginia., An ordinance of secession was passed on the 17th of April 1861, by a vote of 88 to 55, which was submitted to the peo- ple at an election hold May 23d, the result of which was announced June 25, to bo 128,824 for and 32,134 against. On division, of the State in 1863, the seat of government was removed to Alexandria. WEST VIEGINIA was taken from Virginia in 1863. Area 24,000 square miles. Population in 1860, 350,599, of whom 12,754 were slaves, who were declared free by gradual- abolition by a vote of the qualified electors of the pioiDosed State. It is a large corn-growing State, and abounds in coal and other minerals. _ WISCONSIN was admitted into the Union May 29, 1848. Area 53,924 square miles, or 34,511,360 acres. Population in 1860, 775,- 881. It was settled at Green Bay, in 1609, by the French. It is bounded on the north by Lake Superior and Michigan, east by Lake Michigan, south by Illinois, west by Mississippi River aud Minne- sota. It is an agricultural State, ehiofl3' engaged in wool growing and grain raising. Both white and colored citizens or the United States, or white foreigners who have declared theii intention to be- come citizens, ore entitled to vote. An election was held in 1849, under th(i provisions of Chapter 137, of that year, giving the right of suilrage to colored men by a vote of 5,265 for extension and 4,075 against. The section of said law conferring .such right had been con- stitutionally adopted and is the law of the land. STATES ANB TEEEirOEIES. 219 VERMONT was settled by Englishmen from Connecticut in 1724. It -was admitted into tlio Union March 4, 1791, by virtue of an act of Congress passed February 18, 1S61. Area 10,212 square niUes, or 0,535,680 acres. It is bounded on the north by Canada, east by Con- necticut River, south by Massachusetts, west by Lalie Champlain and New York. It is a grazing region, and in ijroportion to its pop- ulation produces more live stock, wool, butter, cheese and hay than any other State. Maple sugar is largely manufactured. It also claims superiority for its Spanish merino sheep. Any citizen of the United States who has resided in the State one year, and will take the oath of allegiance, is entitled to vote. Territories. ARIZONA was organized in 1863, out of the western half of Now Mexico. It contains 126,141 square miles, or 80,730,240 acres. Its white population is probably less than 10,000. It is reputed to abound in silver mines. The absence of rain makes it, for agricul- tural purposes, the most worthless region on the continent. COLORADO was organized March 2, 1861, from parts of Kansas, Nebraska and Utah. Area 104,500 square miles, or 66,880,000 acres. Population 50,000, besides numerous tribes of Indians. CongTCss passed a bill to admit the Territory as a State, bat it was vetoed May 25, 1866. It is said to be well adapted to grazing, with a healthy cUmate and rich soil. Coal, gold, iron, and other minerals are found. DAKOTA was organized March £d, 1861. Area 148,932 square miles, or 95,816,480 acres.- Population 2,570 whites, and 2,261 In- dians, Resides numerous roving tribes. It was first settled by em- ployees of the Hudson Bay Company. Northern and western emi- grants are now peopling the Territory. IDAHO was organized in 1863. Area 326,373 square miles, or 208,870,720 acres. The head waters of nearly all the large rivers are within its limits. It is comparatively v/orthless for agricultural pur- poses, but abounds in gold and.othcr valuable mines. MONTANA was organized in 1834. It was settled by northern and western emigrants. It is a good agricultural and mining region. It has a population of about 2.000. It is the northernmost Ten-itory next the States, east of the Missouri valley. NEBRASKA was organized May 30, 1854. Area 75,955 square I 220 TEnEITOEIES — STAMP DUTIES. miles, or 44,796,160 acres. Population 28,841, besides a few roving tribes of Indians. It is adapted to agriculture. Its prairie pastures are extensive. NEW MEXICO was organized September 9, 1850. Area 121,201 square miles, or 77,568,640 acres. Population 83,000, besides large tribes of warlike Indians. It was settled by emigrants from northern and western States. It abounds in minerals, they being the princi- pal resources of the Territorv. UTAH was organized September 9, 1850. Area 106,382 square miles, or 68,084,480 acres. Population 40,273, of whom 29 r/ere slaves. It was settled by Mormons. Gold, silver, copper, lead and zinc have been found. Iron is abundant. Four-flfths of the soil is unfit for tillage, but on that which is good abundant crops of gi'ain and considerable cotton are raised. WASHINGTON was organized March 2, 1853, f lom the north- , ern portion of Oregon. At the time Oregon was admitted as a State another portion was added from the eastern part. Area 69,994 square miles, or 48,636,800 acres. Population 11,168, beside nume- rous tribes of Indians. Stamp Duties as Amended 1867. AFFIDAVIT Exempt. AGEEEMENT, CONTKACT, or Appraisement, not otherwise specified, each sheet or piece of paper $ .05 ASSIGN!MENT of Policy of Insurance, same as oiiginal instru- ment. ' Of Lease, same stamp as original instrument, and additional stamp upon the value or consideration of transfer, accord- ing to the rates of stamps on deeds. (See Conveyance. ) ASSIGNMENT OF MOETGAGE, same stamp as that required upon a Mortgage for the amount remaining unpaid. (See Mortgage.) BILL OF EXCHANGE (Foreign) or Letters of Credit drawn in, but payable out of the United States : If drawn singly, same rates of duty as Inland Bills of Exchange, or Promis- sory Notes. If drawn in sets of three or more, for every bill of each set, when not exceeding §100, or the equivalent thereof in any foreign currency 02 Every additional $100 or fractional part thereof 02 STAMP DtTTIBS. 221 ^4 (Inland) Draft or Order, payable otherwise than at sight or $ demand, and any Promissory Note payable on demand, or at a time designated for a sum not over $100 05 Every additional SlOO or fractional part thereof 05 BILL OF LADING, or Receipt for any Goods for any foreign port, excepting British North America 10 BILL OF SALE, of Ship or Vessel, consideration not over §500 .50 Exceeding $500, and not exceeding $1,000 1.00 Exceeding §1000, for every additional amount of $500, or frac- tional part thereof 50 BOND, personal, for payment of money, same as Mortgage. Official 1.00 Of Indemnity, -when money recoverable is $1,000 or less 50 Every additional $1,000 or fractional part thereof 50 Of any description other than such as may be required inj-JJS legal proceedings, or used in connection with Mortgage Deeds, and not otherwise charged in this schedule 25 CANNED MEATS, FEUITS AND JELLIES.— Every can, bottle or package offered for sale or removed for consump- tion in the United States, and packages not exceeding two pounds in weight For every additional pound or fractional part thereof 01 CEETIFICATE of Deposit, not over $100, 2 cents ; over $100 .05 Of stock in any incorporated company 25 Of profits in any incorporated company, for sum not less than $10, nor ovier$50 10 Over $50 and not over $1,000 '. 25 Over $1,000, for every additional $1,000 or fractional part thereof 35 Of damage, and Port Ward'n and Marine Surveyors' certificates .25 Of measurement or weight of animals, ■wood, coal or hay. ... ex. Of measurement of other articles 05 Of any other description than those specified 05 CIGAK LIGHTS, of -wood, wax, glass, paper or other materials, each parcel of twenty-five lights or less 01 For every additional 25 lights or fractional part thereof 01 CHARTER-PAKTY, ship, vessel or steamer, not over 150 tons, Sl.OO ; over 150 and not over 300 tons 3.00 Over 300 and not over 600 tons 5.00 Over 600 tons 10.00 27 222 stajI1> ditjies. CHECK, Bank Check, Drafts or Oi-aers, at siglit or on demand $ .02 CONTEACT, Broker's, for each note or memorandum of sale . 10 Bill or memorandum of the sale of stocks, bonds, gold or sil- ver bullion, coin, promissory iiotea, or other securities made by brokers, banks or bankers, either for benefit of others or on their own account : For cauli SlOO, or fractional part thereof, of the amount of such ij.ils or contract 01. Bill or memorandum of the sale of stocks, bonds, etc., as above, not Lis or their own, made by any person, firm or company not paying a si^ecial tax as broker, bank or bank- er : For each §100. or fractional part thereof 05 CONTEACT — Renewal of, same stamp as original instrument. CONVEYANCE, deed, instrument or writing, conveying Eeal Estate, value not over $500 50 Over S500, and not over §1,000 1.00 E veiy addit'n'l $500 or f ract'n'l part thereof, in excess of $1, 000 . 50 CONVEYANCE — The acknowledgement of a deed or proof by a witness ex. Certificate of record of a deed ex. ENTEY of goods and wares at any Custom House, either for consumption or warehousing, value not over $100, 25 cents; over s^lOO, not over $500, 50 cents ; over §500 1.00 For the withdrawal of goods from bonded warehouse 50 GAUGEES' EETUENS ex. INSUEANCE (Marine, Inland and Fire) policies, or renewal of the same : premium not over $10, 10 cents ; over 810, and not over S50, 25 cents ; over .';?50 \50 Life Pohoy, not over §1,000 25 Over S1,000 and not over .$5,000, 50 cents ; over $5,000. . . 1.00 Contracts or tickets against accidental injuries to persons ex. LEASE of lands or tenements, rent not over S300 per annum . . .50 For each additional §200, or fractional part thereof, in excess of S300 50 LETTEES TESTAJIENTAEY, when the value of the estate or efiects, real and personal, does not exceed §1,000 ex. Exceeding §1,000 05 MANIFEST, cargo to foreign port, except to British North America, registered tonnage not over 300 tons 1.00 Over 300, and not over COO tons 3.00 Exceeding GOO tons 5.00 STAMP DUTIES. 223 MATCHES, FRICTION.— Eacli package of 100 or less $ .01 For every additional 100, or fractional part thereof. 01 MEDICINES OR PltEPATiATIONS, PEEFUiNIEIlY OPv COS- METICS. Every paclsage, box, Ijottle, etc., selliag for 2-3 cents, or less .01 Eiicli additional 2.5 C'^nts, or fractional xjart t!iereof,up to $1,00 .01 Eacli additional 50 cents, or fractional part thereof, over Si, 00 .02 MORTGAGE, Trust Deed, or j)ersonal bond for payment of money esc-ecding §100, and not over §500 50 Over S500, and not over S1,000 1.00 For every .additional 5500, or fractional part thereof, over ei.ooo 50 PASSAGE TICIIET to foreign port, except British North AraiTica, not crcecding f?:j5 50 Over S35 and not over §50 1.00 For evuiy additional §50, or uirt thereof, in cxcosy of $50. . . 1.00 PAAVNEES' CHECE:S 05 POWER OF ATTORNEY to sell or triinsier slock, bunds or script, or collect dividend or interest thereon 25 To vote for officers of incorporated company or society not rehgionr^, charitable or litera^, or puV.ic cemeteries 10 To receive or collect rents 25 To sell, convey, rent or leare real estate 1.00 For any other purpose 50 PLAYING CARDS, for and upon every 23ack not exceeding 52 cards in number, irrespective of price or value 05 PROBATE OF WILL or letters of administration, estate not over §1,000, ex. Over S1,000, and not over §2,000 1.00 Over §2,000, for evei-y additional §1,000, or fractional pai-t thereof - 50 PROTEST OF NOTE, bill cf LX(;hauge, :u'cpptauce, check or draft, or any marine prci est 25 PROMISSORY NOTES.— ;•;.■. lUll of E.xcliauge (Inland). RECEIPT for satisfaction of any mortgngo or judgement ex. For deliveiy of property ex. For any f.um of money or clcljt Caie exceeding $20 02 SHERIFF'S RETURN on Tvrit or other process ex. WAX TAPERS, double the rates for Friction Matches. 224 STAMP DUTIES — EATES OP POSTAGE. Notes. — 1. The indiscriminate use of all kinds of stamps (except Postage, Proprietary or Playing Card) is aJloived, provided proper amount is affixed. 2. The acceptor or acceptors of any Bill of Exchange, or order for the payment of any sum of money, drawn or purporting to be drawn in any foreign country, but payable in the United States, must, be- fore paying or accepting the same, place thereupon a stamp indica- ting the duty. Domestic Postages. The law requires postage on all letters (including those to foreign countries when prepaid) excepting those written to the President or Vice President, or members of Congress, or (on official business) to the chiefs of the executive departments of the government, and th'e heads of bureaus and chief clerks, and others invested with the franking privilege, to be prepaid by stamps or stamped envelopes, prepayment in money being pro- hibited. Postmasters can send official letters to other postmas- ters free. By a joint resolution of the Senate and House of Kepresent- atives, the Adjutants General of the several States and Territo- ries are authorized to transmit through the mails, free of post- age, any medals, certificates of thanks or other testimonials, awarded, or which may be awarded by the legislatures of said States or Territories, to the soldiers thereof, under such regula- tions as the Postmaster General may direct. All drop letters must be prepaid. The rate of postage on drop letters, at offices where free delivery by tcarrier is estab- lished, is two cents per half ounce or fraction of a half ounce ; at offices where such free delivery is not established the rate is one cent. The single rate of postage on all domestic mail letters through- out the United States is three cents per half ounce, with an additional rate of three cents for each additional half ounce or fraction of a half ounce. The ten cent (Pacific) .rate is abol- ished. BATES OE POSTAGE. 225 Letter postage is to be chai-ged on all handbills, circulars or other printed matter which shall contain any manuscript writ- ing whatever. Daguerreotypes, when sent in the mail, are to be charged with letter postage by weight. Photographs on cards, paper, and other flexible material (not in cases) can be sent at the same rate as miscellaneous printed matter, viz.: two cents for each four ounces or fraction thereof. Postage on Transient Printed Matter. [All printed matters (except single copies of newspapers, magazines, and periodicals sent to regular, subscribers from pub- lishers) intended to go by mail westwa,rd from the western boundary of Kansas, or eastward from the eastern boundary of California, must be prepaid by stamps at letter postage rates. — Section 259 Post Office Laws, Edition of 18GG.] Books, not over four ounces in weight, to one address, 4 cents ; over four ounces and not over eight ounces, 8 cents ; over eight ounces and not over twelve ounces, 12 cents ; over twelve ounces and not over sixteen ounces, 16 cents. Circulars, not exceeding three in number, to one address, 2 cents ; over three and not over six, 4 cents ; over six and not over nine, 6 cents; over nine and not exceeding twelve, 8 cents. On Miscellaneous Mailable Matter (embracing all pamphlets, occasional publications, transient newspapers, handbills and posters, book manuscripts and proof sheets, whether corrected or not, maps, prints, engravings, sheet music, blanks, flexible patterns, samples and sample cards, phonographic paper, letter envelopes, postal envelopes or wrappers, cards, paper, plain or ornamental, photographic representations of different types, seeds, cuttings, bulbs, roots and scions,) the postage to be pre- paid by stamps, is, on one package to one address, not over four ounces in weight, 2 cents ; over four ounces and not over eight ounces, 4 cents ; over eight ounces and not over twelve ounces, 226 KATES OF POSTAGE. 6 cents ; over twelve ounces and not over sixteen ounces, 8 cents. By a recent 'order of tlio Po.straastor General, the fifth subdi- vision of tlio forty-neeond instruction of the Post-Office Law, approved March 0, 18-.0, lias been amended by striking out tlie word twelve and inserting tliirtj'-tv.'O before tlie word ounces, so tliat it sliall read as follows : " The vroight of packages of seeds, cuttings, roots and scions, to be franked is limited to thirty-two ounces." All mail matter not sent at letter rates of postage, embracing books, book inanusci'ipts, proof sheets and other printed matter, and all otlser mail matter, except seeds, must be so wrapped or enveloiicd, with 0!)cn sides or ends, as to enable the postmaster to cxaniiue the p;iek::gt', without destroying the wra])per, other- wise such pac^knges must ho rated v/itli letter postage. No communication, whetlierin writing or in print, can be sent with any seeds, roots, cuttings or scions, maps, engravings, or other matter not printed, excejit upon the separate payment of post- ago upon each separate matter at the established rates. Exchange newspapers and periodicals cannot be remailed without being chargeable with postage. Where packages of ncwspa2iers or periodicals are received at smy poat-qficc directed to one address, and tlie names of the club of subscribers to which they belong, with the postage lor a quarter in advance, shall be handed to the postmaster, he shall deliver the the same to their respective owners. But this does not apply to weekly newspapers whick circulate free in the county wliere printed and published. 'Weekly newspapers and all other printed matter to tlie.Brit-~ ish Norlli Amevican Provinces, althougli sent IVoni countries bordering on the line, are chargeable with the same rates as when sentlo any point in tlie United States. All transient matter mits-t lie p}-epaid hi/ stamps. ]5ut if it comes to the oiHce of delivery without prepayment, or short-paid, the unpaid postage must be paid at the pi-epaid rate. Great neg- lect exists in the strict quarterly prepayment of postage on EATES OP POSTAGE — VABIOTJS TTEMS. 227 printed matter sent to regular subscribers. No such paper should he delivered, unless it is either prepiiid at the mailing oflice, or at the delivery office, for at least a quarter. If not so prepaid, postmasters must cyjilect postage on each cop)^ as on transient matter. If they fail they ifill be charged with the ftdl po.-tage due, and in clear cases removed from office fur neglect. GiiEEN" Color for S^vEETJIE.\T.s. — A beautiful green color, devoid of poisonons properties, ecouoinical, and useful for con- fectioners, can be obtained as follows : " 5 grains of saJTron are shaken up with i ounce of distilled water, and the mixture al- i lowed to stand 24 hours ; iittho same time, 4 grains of indigo carmine are shaken up with i ounce of distilled vrater, and the i mixtuie also allowed to stand for 24 hours. At the end of tliis | time the two solutions are mixed together, which produce a ! very fine green solution, capable of coloring no less than 5 ! pounds of sugar. Mr. Ezra Cokmeix, the celebrated founder of the Cornell j University, at Ithaca, jS'. Y., announces publicly that young m.en desirous of paying their own way in obtaining an educa- tion, will be given employment upon the large farm connected witl} the institution, or in its machine shop, where they will be engaged in making tools, machinery, models and pattei'ns. Bet- ter exercise than rowing or toot-biill, more remunerative, and co/iducive to "ood habits and morals. It is a trevalent but mist.ahen idea in the Eastern States, that there are but few factories in the West. Tiic liict is. that the cities and villages of the West are teeming v.itli busy v/ork- shops. For instance, of the citLs, St. Louis lias over 300 fac- tories, and produces nearly ;350,090,Oj3 worth of goods annual- : ly ; and of the villages, Moliue, 111., among other things, makes | over oO,OQO plows of various kin0 1 jococ^ioior-^ OfM-t-^fTiiuaoaCROt-iOQoatj: -HrHClrHr- r--'--^S5S=SS5S"°=2§^ £.2; 1 fuscarora coom ooj'ifaii-Tioc^iO-^ccc^Or-i coo>-*o>c^cdi>3uoc^ioctj com r~ C^THJv-r-in-^O-1i-*(NiOiOC005Q0C0aiC0CCOC0i— lr-(CD01'CO)r-l-<*i£i-Ji-*-#rHCO C) c^cirHr-l r-lClrHr^ C^rHr-l ClrHCJC^t-l CO r-lrH C^r-tC^-- S3 'a reed's Corners... | COCO O) COfMiOOOOr-COOOOOOOCOCCCO COCOMt-r-nMeOciO"<*i-irH'* OOO • t---*00-*J'COCO-*0)GOCOOiC)t-U^O'*CO'*glT?'r-OWl-l-COCOOiini-(rtOOQO^ rHr-lr-lC)r-lr-l rH-HnCDTto -.o rt ^j: QO (O Hj. ti^ CJ oo lO U5 c,^ 01' 00 c^ ; "^ ^ K PlCfarrtma CltOi.-Jr-.10 OW=COCOtl3COOOCOCCC^ r-ICr, Osslan in Ir- lO m lO C] r-l iffl'CO OCOC^r-l ODOOCliftl-CJClr-lt-COOOC.- -h-*iO-*r-10(PCOC»u^Or-iOir-ICO'*l-(NOr-('ti^CDC^-*r-' ■ - • in t- I:- CD Oi t- r- r-l CD t- rH rH ^00 -2 :s COrJIoOIr-Oiro'+rHCl'^COOr-t-Olr-i-l-O'^l-fOOiOOr- (NCQ flrirHCl rHrjrHr-t.-nCMClCl^ieO'MCOCOrHrHCO N. 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