:•* ''i; . f t ;-! r ■ t! 1 'i SVC CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY BOUGHT WITH THE INCOME OF THE SAGE ENDOWMENT FUND GIVEN IN 1 89 1 BY HENRY WILLIAMS SAGE Date Due m^ f59KU ..^^rtpfe^^ ^ PRINTED IN U. S. A. (**f NO. 23233 Cornell University Library Z5916 .B16 1913 Guide to the best fiction in Engiish. by oiin 3 1924 029 592 023 Cornell University Library The original of this book is in the Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924029592023 A GUIDE TO THE BECT FICTION IN ENGLISH BY ERNEST A. BAKER, M.A., D.Lit. AUTHOR 0} "history IN FICTION," ETC. EDITOR OF " Ha;F-FORGOTTEN BOOKS," " LIBRARY OF e',RLY NOVELISTS," ETC. NEir EDITION, MLJRGED AND THOROUGHLY REFISED '{ LONDON GEORGj) ROUTLEDGE & SONS Limited BROADW V yOTTS/E, 68-74. CARTER LANE, E.G. TO MY INDEXERS MY WIFE AND DAUGHTER PREFACE A Descriptive Guide to the Best Fiction, British and American, published in 1903, of which the present book is a new edition very much enlarged and almost entirely re-written, went rapidly out of print. History in Fiction, a guide to historical novels and tales, in two volumes, is still in print, but deals with only a portion of the subject. Both works have proved of real use to librarians, booksellers, writers, and students, and it is hoped that the present volume, which is virtually a new work, will prove even more so. Its object, as stated in the original Preface, is to supply a fairly complete list of the best prose fiction in English, with as much characterization of the contents, nature, and style of each book as can be put into a few lines of print. It does not claim to be a bibliography, in the stricter sense of the word, although it supplies all the bibliographical particulars required for identification and other general purposes. Long titles are frequently abbreviated ; sub-titles, when they are descriptive, often appear in the notes. The dates given are those of the first publica- tion of each work in book form, the date of serial or other publication being added only when it is of special interest. A very large number of books that are now out of print have been included, when of sufficient importance — the fact being indicated in the notes. Many interesting novels that had been long out of print at the time of the first edition of the Guide have since been reprinted, and it is hoped that it is worth while calling the attention of publishers again to many which have since gone out of print or still remain forgotten. This remark applies especially to scarce translations of foreign novels. In fact, the author has gone so far as to include a few works by foreign novelists (e.g. certain novels by Octave Feuillet, Villiers de I'lsle-Adam, and even such popular writers as George Sand, Edmond About, Jules San^eau, and Marcelle Tinayre) which have unaccountably escaped the attention of translators. No attempt has been made to enlarge the scope of the Guide by dealing with foreign fiction as a whole, or even to include all that has been translated into English, if such translations are now difficult to obtain. This would have involved an enormous amount of additional work, which may, however, be undertaken when a new edition is called for. At the same time, the Guide has been expanded in many directions. The former work scarcely professed to cater for the needs of special students ; but now considerable space has been devoted to the mediaeval viii PREFACE romances, to Celtic fiction, the Greek and Latin romances and novels, the Icelandic sagas, and other early works of fiction that are principally of interest to professed students of literary history. As the entries are arranged first in main divisions according to the nationalities of writers, and then in the chronological order of publication, so far as is consistent with ease of reference, the work should form a useful handbook to such students, as well as to the more desultory reader. To facilitate this, the arrangement has been simplified. Instead of separate lists for English, Scottish, Irish, and Colonial fiction, all works of fiction written in English have been put into one main list, with the sole exception of American novels, and a few odd books here and there, e.g. those of Ruffini, Linda Villari, and Ottilie Liljencrantz, which seem to belong more naturally to Italian or to Scandinavian litera- ture. Even with so much additional matter from older sources, it may still be thought that the recent periods are numerically over-represented in comparison with the earlier, and that too much regard has been paid to the enormous output of modern fiction. No doubt this is so, if we are con- cerned purely with literary merit. But every age is rightly most interested in contemporary writers, and even ephemeral and inferior works have been included without scruple, if public interest so decreed. It should be pointed out, further, that a list of less important books (without notes) has been added in the case of many authors of one or two good novels, simply for the convenience of readers. After all, this is only a guide to the best fiction, not an attempt at a catalogue of the best. For the special benefit of teachers and younger readers, a dispro- portionate amount of historical fiction has been incorporated. But it will be noticed, that the Historical Appendix which was a prominent feature of the former Guide has in this case been omitted, although historical refer- ences are given in the index. This omission is justified by the fact that a companion volume is now in the press dealing exclusively with historical fiction, and indeed with all fiction serving to illustrate the past. This is arranged on national and chronological lines, each story being described in a note showing its relation to history and the period and incidents with which it deals, and it will be provided with a full index to historical persons and events. Some five or six thousand works will be included, so that it will form an ample reading-list on every historical period, and even on the narrower sub-divisions of the more important epochs. It was intended at first to combine the two objects in the present work ; but as the amount of material in the forthcoming Guide is at least equal to the amount comprised here, it seemed better, for convenience sake, to separate the two and arrange the historical fiction on strictly historical lines. In the Notes, the aim has been to subordinate criticism to description, and to characterize rather than appraise. But in order to convey as clear an impression as he was able of the literary species, character, and style of PREFACE ix each novel, the annotator has of course had to use the current phraseology of literary criticism. The lover of literature will not, however, be so likely to quarrel with him on this account as on the amount of attention given to the subject-matter of novels, especially in the Index. This Index, which gives topics, place-references, historical allusions, names of outstanding characters, etc., in one alphabetical sequence along with authors and titles, takes in an immense number of things that are, to put it strictly, outside the sphere of a literary guide. No apology is needed, however, for this, since at a time when such a large number of writers prefer to expound their views on society, politics, philosophy, or religion in the appealing form of the novel, so many intelligent readers look to the novel for this kind of teach- ing. And there is no doubt that we get our most vivid, penetrating, and sympathetic impressions of the life and thought of our fellows at home and abroad from the imaginative interpretation which is the aim of the true novelist. Where such terms of literary classification as the word " natural- ism ", to take one instance, occur in the Index, the writer would point out that he is not attempting a scientific classification of novelists, but rather to suggest groupings and courses of reading. The more ordinary topics handled in fiction do not appear in the Index, except under such headings as "Sex," " Marriage," or " Heredity," and then only when a novelist with a thesis to propound has dealt with the subject rather from the point of view of the psychologist or the social theorist than of the interpreter of common life. The great novels are not topical. Where American novels have been published in England with an altered title, or English novels with an American title, the spurious desig- nation is quoted in the note. The original titles of foreign works of fiction are given in italics after the English title, in most cases where they are not practically identical, with the exception of Russian and other languages in which the transliteration of titles is not uniform and the information would be of trifling value to the ordinary reader. It is hoped that in this and other points a fair degree of accuracy has been attained, but the possibilities of error in such a compilation as the present are innumerable, and the writer can only trust that his faults of omission and commission are not serious, and that attention will be called thereto in order that they may be reduced in a future edition. It should be noted that books published since 31st December, 191 1, do not come within his present purview. Mr. W. Swan Sonnenschein is mainly responsible for the information respecting publishers and prices, a work that has entailed a huge amount of very exacting labour, for which the writer expresses his most grateful acknowledgments. E. A. B. ERRATA Page 8 (in note to " The Unfortunate Traveller," 4th line), for Sidney read Surrey. ,, 14 (note to "Joseph Andrews," 2nd line), for Lady Booby read Mrs. Booby. ,, 60 (note to "Cruise of the Midge," 2nd line), for slave-catching read slaver-catching. 87 (date to ' ' George Geith "), for 1863 read 1864. ,, 140 (under " Merriman, Henry Seton "), read Hugh Stowell Scott ; i862-igo3. ,, 151 (under " Sergeant, Emily Frances Adeline"), for 1830-11)04 read 1831-1^04 ,, 165 iot Ayscough, John, read " Ayscough,/ohn" \Right Rev. Monsignor Bickerstaffe- Drew]. „ 192 (note to "A Lost Lady of Old Years"), for Murray Broughton read Murray of Broughton. „ 208 (uncJer " Coleridge, Christabel Rose"), for Max, Fitz, and Hob, read Max, Fritz, and Hob. ,, 409 (under "Eggleston, Edward"), delete entry relating to " The McVeys," and see page 424, under " Kirkland, Joseph." i> 593 (under " The Song of Songs"), for Das hohe Leidtea.d Das hohe Lied. CONTENTS ENGLISH FICTION, before the Sixteenth Century Sixteenth Century Seventeenth Century Eighteenth Century, First Half Eighteenth Century, Second Half Nineteenth Century, First Quarter Nineteenth Century, Second Quarter Nineteenth Century, Third Quarter Nineteenth Century, Last Quarter Present Day AMERICAN FICTION, up to 1850 Nineteenth Century, Second Half Present Day BELGIAN, DUTCH, and FLEMISH FICTION CELTIC FICTION (IRISH, GAELIC, and WELSH) FRENCH FICTION, before 1600 Seventeenth Century . . Eighteenth Century Nineteenth Century, First Quarter Nineteenth Century, Second Quarter Nineteenth Century, Third Quarter Nineteenth Century, Fourth Quarter Present Day PAGE I 3 10 13 17 24 36 64 97 160 388 394 441 517 521 527 531 534 535 551 558 570 xii CONTENTS GERMAN FICTION, before 1800 From 1800 to the Present Day ANCIENT GREEK FICTION MODERN GREEK FICTION HUNGARIAN FICTION ITALIAN FICTION, before 1800 From 1800 to the Present Day LATIN FICTION SCANDINAVIAN FICTION, before 1800 From 1800 to the Present Day SLAVONIC NATIONALITIES— I. Bohemian Fiction 11. Bosnian Fiction . III. Bulgarian Fiction IV. Polish Fiction V. Russian Fiction SPANISH FICTION, before 1800 From 1800 to the Present Day YIDDISH FICTION NON-EUROPEAN NATIONALITIES— I. Arabian Fiction ■ II. Persian Fiction III. Indian Fiction IV. Chinese Fiction V. Japanese Fiction INDEX of Authors, Titles, Subjects, Historical Names and Allusions, Places, Characters, etc. PAGE 582 595 597 598 600 602 607 608 612 619 620 620 620 623 634 639 642 642 643 643 644 64s 647 GUIDE TO FICTION ENGLISH FICTION BEFORE THE SIXTEENTH CENTURY Apollonius of Tyre, The Anglo-Saxon version of ; ed. by Benjamin Thorpe. 1834 Text and literal translation of the only Anglo-Saxon romance, which was Englished from a Latin rendering of a late Greek romance — the Latin text is still extant. The story is well known from Shakespeare's version in Pericles. The A.-S. version is incomplete, but gives the famous incident of the casting of the wife of Apollonius into the sea after she had given birth to her daughter. The ornate style of the original is closelj' reproduced, and, as Prof. Ker says, this novel " might have founded an order of euphuistic fiction before the Conquest." [o.p.. Arch.] AsHTON, John [ed.]. Romances of Chivalry; told, and illustrated in facsimile, by John Ashton. 1887 For The Knight of the Swanne, see pp. 5, Robert the Devyll, p. 6 and 9, Valentine and Orson and Melusine (French Fiction) . Howleglas is extracted from one of the most famous mediaeval chap-books, which circulated all over Europe. It belongs to folk-lore rather than prose fiction. Low German in origin, it was first printed, in 1515, in High German. The original TyU Eulenspiegel (Owl's Mirror), or Tyll the Saxon, is said to have been a real person, who died in 1350. Around his name grew up a mass of anecdotes and tales recounting his knaveries and ludicrous adventures, broad and coarse in style, as befitted the mediaeval sense of the comic. Copland printed a translation (1528-30, or c. 1560 according to Mr. Ashton). There was an edition by K. R. H. Mackenzie in i860. The following being prose versions of metrical romances hardly come into our purview : Sir Isumbras, Sir Degore, Sir Bevis of Hampton, Sir Tryamoure, The Squyr of Lowe Degre, Sir Eglamoure of Artoys, and Guy of Warwick. All are greatly abbreviated. [Illus., 8vo, Unwin, 1887 : o.p.] Fulk Fitz Warine, The History of Fulk Fitz Warine, an outlawed baron in the reign of King John. c. 1320 The French paraphrase of an Anglo-Norman chanson de geste composed late in the thirteenth century, traces of poetic diction being legible in the prose. Fitz Warine was a powerful baxon who took arms against John, leagued himself with the Welsh, and held out successfully for many years, until he was pardoned. Based on family traditions, and true in the main, though it coatains some curious inaccuracies (e.g. at least two Fitz Warines have been used up in tke comp<;)sition of the hero ; cf. Barbour's Bmce), and a few of the conven- tional extravagances foisted in by the trouvdre. Scene, principally Ludlow Castle and the Welsh border ; most of the places can be identified stiU. As interesting, and almost as natural, as a modern novel ; the historical characters forcibly sketched in, and the life and conditions of the time so well rendered that the book is of high value as historical evidence. [Ed. with transl. and notes by Thos. Wright, Warton Club, 1855 ; transl. Alice Kemp-Welch, with intro. by L. Brandin (The King's Classics), is. 6d. net, Chatto, 1904.] Geoffrey of Monmouth [iioo ?-54]. [Historia Regum Britanniae.] Written c. 1136 Written in Latin by a Welsh ecclesiastic. A fabulous chronicle based on statements from earUer historians, legends from oral (or, as he alleged, written) sources, and inventions of his own. The book that gave European currency to the Matter of Britain. Tells the story of liie Kings of Britain from Brutus, a descendant of lEneas, to Cadwallader, the eighth successor of Arthur. The legend of Arthur as given by Geofirey was subsequently turned n^to Norman-French couplets by Wace, and amplified further by Layamon and _other wiite52j eveiltually furnishing material for certain books in Malory's Morte Darthw. ENGLISH FICTION i Geoffrey, of course, was not the inventor of the Arthurian legend ; he merely elaborated and adorned the stories he had collected, and gave them the unity and dignity of a pseudo- history. Before his time Arthurian tales had left traces, in monuments and Christian names as far afield as Italy. But the impetus his book gave to the spread of Arthurian fiction can hardly be exaggerated. [Trans, by Sebastian Evan? (Temple Classics) , Dent, 1903, IS. 6d. net. Lat. text, Galfridi Monumetensis Historia Britoijium, ed. J. A. Giles (Scriptores Monastici), Lond., Nutt, 1844.] I Gesta Romanorum. ' c. 1440 A collection of Latin stories compiled late in the thirteenth or early in the fourteenth centuries ; author unknown and country unascertained ; intended probably as edifying examples for the use of preachers. English translation printed by JCVynkyn de Worde, 1510— 5. A parallel compilation to that of the Chevalier de la Tour-Landry, all the tales, whatsoever their nature and origin, being burdened with a Christian moral. Sources various — oriental, classical, and mediaeval. A Latin translation of the Fables of Bidpai, the Arabian fables of the Spanish Jew, Petrus Alphonsus, ancient chronicles now lost, and the decadent classical authors, were all drawn upon largely ; but the vaiiqus MSS. differ considerably as to their contents. The history is false, the characters are petitions, and the title — the Acts of the Romans — ^purely gratuitous ; it is a miscellany of oriental romance and apologue, beast fables, classical tales, miracle stories, and legends of the Virgin, costumed in the external features of mediaeval life. All the stories are allegorized or otherwise interpreted in a moralizing way, often with the most absurd results. It is im|)ortant in literary history as a storehouse whence Italian, French, and EngUsh writers, Boets, novelists, and play- wrights obtained many of their plots. [Latin text, rec. H. Oeslerley, 15m., Berlin, 1872; rec. A. Keller (Bibl. d. deutsch. National-Liter.), 5m., Quedlinburg, 1841 ; rec. W. Dick, 6m., Leipzig, 1890. English translation by Rev. C. Swan (1824)^ 5s. (Bohn's Lib.), 1877 ; re-ed. W. Hooper (Bohn's Antiq. Lib.), 5s., 1905 ; re-ed. Tho4 Wright, 7s. 6d. Chatto; Abridged: 2S. 6d., Sonnenschein ; with introduction by E. A. Baker (Library of Early Novelists), Routledge, 6s. n. ($2, Dutton, New York), 1905.] Malory, Sir Thomas. Le Morte Darthur : Sir Thomas Malory's Book of King Arthur and of his Noble Knights of the Round Table. 1485 Printed by Caxton in 1485. A redaction of the Arthurian legends from many English and French versions. These sources, and the extent of Malory's indebtedness to each, are exhaustively treated by Dr. H. O. Sommer in his monumental reprint of Caxton's text, with excursus on Malory's English, a valuable introduction on Maloty, and copious variant readings, notes, etc. Malory did not always utilize the finest versiqn of an episode ; and modern poets, e.g. Tennyson, would have done better had they gotjp nearer the fountain- head for their readings of the legends (e.g. to the Mahinogion or phretien de Troyes) ; nevertheless his book is a great storehouse of knightly tales of advfenture, feats of arms, strange enchantments, mystical enterprises like the Grail quest, and of immortal love- tales like those of Lancelot and Guenevere, Tristan and Iseult, Gerainiand Enid. Caxton published it as a handbook to the manly virtues of chivalry ; and |i spite of the " vain amatorious " element denounced by the Puritans, it remains on(5of the most nobly inspiring books in our English tongue, Malory's unique place in ou^literature is due, at least as much as to the tact of his selection, to the strong, simple Engli iji in which he writes, with its command of vivid suggestion and its noble cadences. [Ed. Isiiel GoUancz, 4 vols., each IS. 6d. n. (Temple Classics), Dent, 1897; ed. A. W. Pollard, 2 vofe, 7s. n., Macmillan, 1900; ed. with an intro. by Sir E. Strachey (Globe Edn.), 3s. 6d., MaWillan; The Boy's King Arthur, ed. Sidney Lanier, 7s. 6d., Low. The Morte Darthur, verbatim repr. of Caxton's original ed., with Introduction, Variants, Notes, Glossarial Index, and Study of the sources of Malory, by H. O. Sommer, and a Study of Malory by k. Lang ; 3 vols., 4to, Nutt 1889-91, £2. los. n. ; also 2 vols., Roxburghe, £3 n., or in 3 vols., Roxburghe, £i 3S. n.] 1 Merlin ; or^-the Early History of King Arthur ; a Prose Romance c. 1450-60 Translation of a French prose romance that took final shape early in the thirteenth century, and was based on a poem by Robert de Borron and the continuation Entitled the Book of Arthur. Borron incorporated the Perceval and Grail legends with th^mythical history of Arthur. This forms an introduction to the prose Lancelot, since it fcovers to a great extent, though in a proUx and far less interesting fashion, the same ground as the first five books of Malory. The original French verse romance of Merlin (late Welfth century) came between the metrical romances Joseph d'Arimathie and Perceval. Ilriefly, the ch^ matters dealt with are, the birth of Merlin and Arthur, and the battle witWthe recalcitratit barons ; the marriage of Arthur and Gonnore, the foundation of the _Bound Table ; i;he SIXTEENTH CENTURY wars with the Saxons, who meet him in battle after battle ; the defeat of King Rion, the battle with the Romans, the enchantment of MerUn, and the birth of Lancelot. The germ of the Merlin legend is found in Geoffrey of Monmouth. Some of the most magical chapters in Arthurian romance occur in the Merlin, e.g. the finest and purest version of the Merlin and Vivien episode. [Ed. by H. B. Wheatley ; with intro. containing outlines of the history of the legend of Merlin, by W. E. Mead ; also essays on Merlin the Enchanter and MerUn the Bard, by D. W. Nash, and Arthurian Localities by J. S. Stuart Glennie ; index, glossary, notes, and bibliog., 2 vols. (Early English Text Society), Kegan Paul, 33s. 6d., 1865-99.] Reynard the Fox, The History of, tr. William Caxton [c. 1422-91]. 1481 A fable or beast-epic which had European currency in the Middle Ages, and attained its finest literary embodiment in the Low German and Flemish versions of the thirteenth fourteenth, and fifteenth centuries. These were derived from the French, though the oldest versions known are in Latin. Complaints are made in the Lion's Court against Reynard's roguery and insolence, but by craft and eloquence he evades them, and after- wards wins in the trial by combat. A comic mirror of the period, full of satire on roguish and sensual priests, and other delinquents ; not pure allegory, but deeply huniorous and ironical. [Ed. Joseph Jacobs, with historical excursus, subscr., 7s. 6d., Nutt, 1893 ; ed. Wm. Morris, o.p., Kelmscott Press, 1893. Free rendering of Caxton's Trani^^ed. F. S. Ellis, 25s. net, 4to, Nutt, 1894. For texts, see Le Roman de Renart, ed. Efii^feiMartin, 3 vols., Strassburg, Trubuer, 1882-7 .' ^■'I'i fo"^ history, etc., Martin's Obsefiui.Ub'Be.M'y'ile: Roman de Renart, Triibner, Strassburg, 1887, 3m. 50.] -"' ' -£'' Weston, Jessie L. [tr.]. Arthurian Legends unrepresented in Malory. See French Fiction infra. SIXTEENTH CENTURY— 1501-1600 Breton, Nicholas [1545 ?-i626 ?]. The Miseries of Mamillia ; the most unfortunate Ladie that ever lived. The Strange Futures of Two Excellent Princes in their Lives and Loves tO' their equall Ladies in all the titles of true honour. 160O' These stories and a number of pamphlets, dialogues, and other works written in imitation of Greene, are collected in Breton's Works in Verse and Prose, ed. Dr. Grosart, 2 vols. (Worthies Library), 1879. M. Jusserand sees in Mamillia some anticipations of Defoe.. The other story quoted is from the Italian. Dekker, Thomas [c. 1570-1641]. The Bachelor's Banquet. 1603. The Seven Deadly Sins of London 1606 The Gull's Hornbook. 1609 Realistic pamphlets, like Greene's and Nash's, giving strong pictures of town life, especially the seamy side, based no doubt on Dekker's own experiences in a rather shady career. The first is adapted from Les Quinze Joyes de Mariage. The last supplies a code of manners for the contemporary gallant in his various resorts in London. [In Works ed. A. H. BuUen, 4 vols., Nimmo, 1887, 30s., o.p. ; Gull's Hornbook, ed. with notes by R. B. McKerrow (King's Classics), is. 6d. n., Chatto.] Deloney, Thomas [1543 ?-i6oo ?]. Thomas of Reading ; or, The Sixe Worthie Yeomen of the West. Earliest extant edition, 1612. An early historical novel by a silk-weaver of Norwich, who was a noted ballad-writer ; a crude mixture of fact and fiction, yet containing the first consistent attempt at drawing material for fiction from the everyday life of everyday people. Thomas Cole, the rich clothier, is said to have been a real person, and much interesting lore is introduced as to - the wealth and character of his order, and curious customs and privileges, like the Gibbet \ Law of HaUfax. Henry I's reign is the imaginary period, but there are many ana- • chronisms. The more romantic chapters are concerned with the king's brother, Robert of Normandy, and the Lady Margaret, whom he loves. [6th ed. (1632), repr. in W. J. ENGLISH FICTION Thorns' Early English Prose Romances, see p. 9. Included in The Works of Thomas Deloney, edited from the earliest extant editions and broadsides by F. O. Mann, with an introduction and notes, i8s. net ($5.75), Clarendon Press, 191Z.] Fenton, Sir Geoffrey [1539 ?-i6o8]. Certaine Tragicall Discourses writtene oute of Frenche and Latine. 1567 Fourteen histories (four identical with four of Painter's) from Boiasteau and Belleforest's Histoires Tragiques, exiraictes des CEuvres Italiennes de Bandel, a French collection through which many of Bandello's stories came into English literature, e.g. Brooke's poem of Romeus and Juliet, the source of Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet. [Certain Tragical Dis- courses of Bandello, translated into English by Gefifraie Fenton, anno 1567; with an intro. by R. L. Douglas, 2 vols. (Tudor Translations), Nutt, 1898, £1 los. n.] Ford, Emanuel. Parismus, the Renoumed Prince of Bohemia. 1598-9 Sub-title : " His most famous, delectable, and pleasant historic, conteining his noble battailes fought against the Persians, his loue to Laurana, the King's daughter of Thessaly, and his strange aduentures in the desolate Hand." [Lend., 1598 : o.p.] A sequel appeared entitled Parismenos [sic] ; the second part of the Historie of Parismus, the renowned Prince of Bohemia, 1599. Several incidents correspond to Greene's Pandosto and Shakespeare's Winter's Tale. There were many later editions of the whole work, which was issued also in an abridged form as a chap-book ; in fact, all Ford's romances were extremely popular in the seventeenth century. High-flown amours, questionable morals, and extravagant adventures were Ford's stock-in-trade. The Most Pleasant History of Omatus and Artesia, wherein is contained the unjust reign of Thaeon, King of Phrygia. c. 1598 The Famous History of Montelion, knight of the oracle, son of the true mirrour of Princes, the most renowned king Persicles of Assyria. Earliest known ed. 1633 Romances modelled on the Spanish pattern, e.g. Amadis and Palmerin, written in an euphuistic style. [All o.p.] FoRTESCUE, Thomas. The Foreste or Collection of Historyes no lesse profitable than pleasant and necessary doone out of Frenche. 1571 A miscellany of stories which are said to have been written in Spanish by Pietro de Messia, translated into Italian, thence into French, and from French into English by Fortescue. Warton thought that many of the stories migrated originally from Italy into Spain, [o.p.] George k Green, The History of George a Green, Pindar of the town of Wake- field : his Birth, Calling, Valour, and Reputation in the Country, with divers pleasant, as well as serious passages in the course of his life and fortune [1155-94]. 1706 Makes a crude sort of novel out of the traditional exploits of the Doughty Pindar, or Pound- ikeeper, by connecting them with the Earl of Kendall's rebelUon, during Richard's absence in the Holy Land. Robin Hood is introduced, and fights George a Green, to prove that Maid Marian is more beautiful than the Pindar's Beatrice. A grand fight with quarter- staves, in the town of Merry Bradfield, is described in the last chapter [repr. in W. J. Thoms' Early English Prose Romances, see p. 9.] ■Greene, Robert [c. 1560-92]. Mamillia : a Mirrour or Looking-glasse for the Ladies of Englande. 1580-3 An' insipid 'didactic love story in the Italian manner, published in two parts, 1580 and 1583. Exploits the euphuistic idea and adds a romantic story. Greene, one of the university wits intoxicated by the art and the profligacy of Italy, wrote a number of pastorals in imitation of Lyly and Sidney, but is of more importance in Uterary history on the score of his numerous pamphlets — ^half novel and half descriptive article, like those of Dekker — e.g. Farewell to Follie, The Notable Discovery of Cosnage, A Groatsworth of Wit, bought with a million of Repentance. These give us priceless glimpses of Elizabethan life, especially on the seamy side, and were not without their influence on Defoe's realistic fiction. [In vol. ii. of Life and Works of Greene, ed. A. B. Grosart (Huth Library), 15 vols., 1881-6.] The Myrrour of Modestie. 1584 Rehashes the story of Susannah and the Elders as a moral lesson. [In vol. iii. of Works."] 4 SIXTEENTH CENTURY Greene, Robert {continued). — ^Greenes Carde of Fancie. 1584-7 Arbasto : the Anatomie of Fortune. 1584 Morando : the Tritameron of Love. '^5^4~7 [Carde of Fancie in vol. iv; Arbasto and Morando are in vol. iii. of Works."] Planetomachia. 1585 Penelope's Web. 1587 Perimedes the Blacke-Smith. 1588 Love pamphlets, dialogues, and collections of ultra-romantic stories, all couched in a didactic style and interspersed with frequent verse. Arbasto, once king of Denmark, now a hermit, relates his misfortunes in love and war. Penelope and her attendants discourse and tell stories of love, and so do Perimedes and his wife, borrowing their material from Boccaccio. Planetomachia gives examples of sidereal influence on the fate of lovers. [Two former in vol. v., and third in vol. vii. of Works.] Euphues, his Censure to Philautus ... a Philosophical! Combat betweene Hector and Achylles. 1587 A continuation of Lyly's Etiphues, designed to show " the exquisite portraiture of a perfect martiaUst." [In vol. vi. of Works.] Pandosto, the Triumph of Time ; [or, the Pleasant History of Dorastus and Favmia.] 1588 A pastoral, written in the euphuistic style, based on a Polish tale, and used by Shakespeare as material for A Winter's Tale. Plot, scenery, and characters, with the chronological and topographical mistakes, are aU reproduced there. Pandosto is Leontes, Dorastus, Florizel, and Fawnia, Perdita. [In vol. iv. of Works, ed. by Grosart, 15 vols. (Huth Library), 1881-6. Ed. P. G. Thomas (Shakespeare Classics) with Second Day of Puget de la Serre's Pandoste (1631) in French, 4s. n., Chatto, 1907.] Alcida : Greenes Metamorphosis. c. 1589 History of three princesses moralizing on the vanity of women. [In vol. ix. of Works.] Menaphon : Camillas Alarum to Slumbering Euphues in his Melancholic Cell at Silexedra. 1589 His most poetical story : shepherds, princesses, and knights engaged in amorous adventures in Arcadia ; conventional in plan, but exhaling the breath of the fields and woods ; the female figures tenderly and delicately drawn ; particularly full of songs and snatches of verse. [In vol. vi. of Works.] Ciceronis Amor. TuUie's Loue. 1589 Orpharion ... a musicaU Concorde of pleasant Histories. 1590 Classical stories, the first described by its title, and one of the few Elizabethan attempts at historical fiction, the other a medley of tales of the Olympian gods and goddesses. [In vols, vii. and xii. of Works.] Greenes Moimiing Garment ; given him by Repentance at the Funerals of Love. 1590 Greenes Neuer too Late ; or, a Powder of Experierice. 1590 Both mixtures of oblique autobiography and fiction, purporting to be written as a warning to youthful gentlemen. [In vols. ix. and x. of Works.] Philomela ; the Lady Fitzwater's Nightingale. 1592 Another euphuistic romance. The chastity of a Venetian lady is treacherously put to the test by her husband. She is afterwards banished and suffers many perils and privations ; but maintains her virtue inviolate, and after her husband's death lives honourably as his widow. The exalted ideahsm is in strange contrast with the writer's own profligacy. [In vol. xi. of Works.] Helyas, Knight of the Swan, the History of. 1512 Said to have been printed by Wynkyn de Worde, 1512 ; extant edition printed by Copland, 5 ENGLISH FICTION and dedicated to Edward, Duke of Buckingham, who claimed descent from the fabulous hero, said to be grandfather of Godfrey of Boulogne. Translated from a French prose romance printed in 1504. The legend is of great antiquity, and is referred to in Flanders early in the fourteenth century. There was a French romance in 30,000 verses, which was probably the original of a little poem in English alliterative verse, the Chevelere Assigne. The knight's brothers were changed to swans to escape the vengeance of their wicked grandmother, who had persuaded their father. King Orient, that his wife had committed an abominable crime. When this falsehood is miraculously cleared up, the romance goes on to tell how the brethren are restored to human shape, how vaHant deeds are done, and the house of " Boulyon " founded by the seed of Helyas. [W. J. Thoms, Early English Prose Romances, p. 9.] Johnson, Richard [1573-1659 ?]. The Famous History of the Seaven Champions of Christendom. 1596-1608 A very popular and now very rare book, which Ritson described as containing " all the lyes of Christendom in one lye." The champions are St. George of England, St. Denis of France, St. James of Spaine, St. Anthony of Italy, St. Andrew of Scotland, St. Patrick of Ireland, and St. David of Wales. The second part recounts the noble achievements of St. George's three sons, those " lively sparkes of nobility." There is observable here, as in Tom a Lincoln, a habit of paraphrasing passages or working up ideas stolen from Shakespeare. Some blank verse of merit is interspersed. [1596 ; 2nd part, 1608 ; 3rd part, 1608, o.p.] The History of Tom a Lincoln, the Red Rose Knight. 1607 The hero is the son of King Arthur and a nun of Lincoln. He goes to " Fayerie Land," and has an amour with the Amazonian queen, whom he deserts. After ridding the land of Prester John of a dragon, he marries the daughter of that monarch. The ensuing ad- ventures are just as preposterous. The book is a vulgarization of the style of romance exemplified by the Morte d' Arthur, the Amadis, and the Faerie Queene, and is written in a debased kind of euphuism. It is interesting as showing what delighted the " general reader " of those days. [7th ed. (earliest extant), 1635, o.p. ; reprinted in W. J. Thoms', Early English Prose Romances, see p. 9.] Lodge, Thomas [c. 1557-162 5]. The Delectal?le Historie of Forbonius and Pris- ceria. 1584 In verse and prose, a pastoral romance in the euphuistic manner, cumbrous and vapid, but, like Greene's Mamillia of a year before, the forerunner of a popular line of romantic novels. [Reprinted by Shakespeare Society, 1853, o.p. ; and in vol. i. of The Complete Works of Lodge, ed. E. Gosse, 5 vols., Hunterian Club, Glasgow, 1884.] Rosalynde : Euphues Golden Legacie, found after his death in his ceU at Silexedra. 1590 A pastoral idyll which is the best of Lodge's works in prose and the most famous of the imita- tions of Lyly and Sidney, noteworthy also as the source of Shakespeare's As You Like It, which borrowed plot, scenery, and characters (Shakespeare added Jaques, Touchstone, and Audrey to these) . It is a version of the old tale of Gamelyn, sometimes included in the Canterbury Tales. [Cassell's National Library, 3d., cloth 6d. ; with illus. by T. Maybank, Eoutledge, 3s. 6d. net ; ed. W. W. Greg (Shakespeare Classics), Chatto, 1900, 4s. net. The Famous, true, and historicall life of Robert, second Duke of Normandy, sumamed Robin the Diuell. 1591 A quasi-historical account of the famous Duke who was the subject of an old popular story collected in Thoms' Early English Prose Romances (see p. 9), and whose vices and exploits had been exaggerated into a myth like that of Gilles de Retz. [In vol. ii. of Works.'\ — Euphues Shadow, the Battaile of the Sences. 1592 His closest imitation of Lyly's didactic fiction ; an Italian story of Octavian's times, " wherein youthful folly is set downe in his right figure, and vaine fancies are prooved to produce many offences," as the title runs on. The Deafe Mans Dialogue, contayning Philamis Athanatos is " annexed." [In vol. ii. of Works.'] — The Life and Death of william Long beard, the most famous and witty English Traitor . . . with other . . . Histories. 1593 6 SIXTEENTH CENTURY A similar work to Robin the Diuell — ^the hero is the famous Saxon, William Fitzosbert, who aroused the Londoners against their Norman oppressors, c. 1192-6. Drayton probably got the materials hence for his last play, William Longbeard. The other tales are about pirates, Italian despots, etc. [In Collier's Illustrations of O.E. Lit., vol. ii. 1866.] Lodge, Thomas {continued) — A Margarite of America. 1596 Written in 1592 while Lodge was stormbound in the Straits of Magellan. A fanciful story in the Arcadian style, about the Emperor's son of Cusco and the daughter of the king of Muscovy. Contains much mellifluous verse. [Ed. J. O. Halliwell, privately printed, Lond., 1859.] Lyly, John [i55f-i6o6], Euphues, the Anatomy of Wit. 1579 — ■■ — Euphues and his England [Sequer\. 1580 Lyly is famous, in the first place, for his Euphues, a work that combined the courtly treatise on manners and morals with characters and a story, and so initiated, and to some extent determined, the nature of the modem novel as an interpretation of life ; and in the second place for his work as a dramatist. Euphues and its sequel form a didactic story, the object of which is to present the ideal gentleman. It is a story of pure abstractions, having less realism than the romances it superseded, and the human interest is thin and languid. But its style caught the popular taste and provoked endless imitations. Euphuism, this elaborate tissue of antithesis, simile, and allusion, pointed with alliteration and balanced cadences, was not Lyly's invention. It began in England with Lord Berners' Froissart, and was all the mode with Gosson, Pettie, and others. Lyly perfected and popularized it, and gave all such fashions a label for future use. His prose comedies were looked upon till recently as important beginnings of the Elizabethan drama, but M. A. Feuillerat, in his John Lyly : Contribution & I'Histoire de la Renaissance en Angle- terre (Cam. Univ. Press, 1910), shows that for a quarter of a century Court dramatists had been turning out similar plays on mythical, pastoral, and allegorical subjects. [Euphues, ed. E. Arber (English reprints), 1904, Constable, 4s. n. ; contains Chronicle of Ufe, works, and times ; intro. and bibliog. The best ed. of all his works is The Complete Works of John Lyly, ed. by R. W. Bond, 3 vols., Clar. Press, 1902, 42s. net. Mr. Bond's invaluable researches are epitomized by J. D. Wilson, with an acute exegesis, in John Lyly, Macmillan and Bowes, Cambridge, 1905.] Melbancke, Brian. Philotimus : the Warre betwixt Nature and Fortune. 1583 A didactic miscellany of letters, dialogues, verses, closely imitating Euphues, and interesting for its allusions to contemporary life, [o.p.] More, Sir Thomas [1478-1535]. Utopia ; translated by Raphe Robynson. 1516 PubUshed in Latin at Louvain, the satire making it risky to publish in England. The author meets a comrade of Amerigo Vespucci, and hears about the isle of Utopia — Nowhere — the perfect government of which is contrasted with the lamentable state of England Draws a condemnatory picture of EngMsh society, finance, laws, the luxury of the rich and misery of the labouring class, a picture touched in with humorous satire. In book ii. the Utopian system is expounded — ^national education, sanitary laws, hmited hours of labour, ethical philosophy — a sociaUst system, prophetically modern. [Utopia, trans. Ralphe Robinson, ed., with intro. and notes, by J. Churton Collins, Frowde, 1908, 2s. n. ; ed. J. R. Lumby, with Roper's Life, Camb. Univ. Press, 2s. ; Ralph Holland, 2S. 6d. n. ; Move's Millennium, ed. Valerian Paget, gives the Utopia in modem English; Rivers, 1909, 5s. n. Also included in Ideal Commonwealths, ed. by Prof. H. Morley, is., Routledge (35c. n., Dutton, New York).] Mu^DAY, Anthony [1553-1633]. Zelauto ; the Fountain of Fame. 1580 Munday, a versatile and industrious writer of City Pageants and miscellaneous pamphlets, dialogues, and other occasional works, is of most importance in the history of fiction as a translator. He published among other translations from French, Spanish, and Italian, renderings of Palmerin d'Oliva and its continuations, Amadis de Gaule and Primaleon of Greece. Zelauto is a complimentary and complementary piece to Lyly's Euphues, the titular hero, son of the Duke of Venice, travelhng through Italy, Spain, Persia, and Turkey, and finding the most happy estate of well-being in England, [o.p.] Nash, Thomas [1567-1601]. The Unfortunate Traveller ; or, the Life of Jack Wilton. 1594 Owes its inception, perhaps, to the Spanish picaroon stories, Brady's trans, of Lazarillo de Tormes, having appeared in 1576. Whether, in turn, it gave ideas to Defoe is doubtful ENGLISH FICTION The nearest approach to realism in Elizabethan fiction. Nash's object was to write a sensation story ; and he produces several lurid and ghastly episodes, in which the life of that " hell of iniquity," Italy, where he had apparently travelled, furnish circumstance and verisimilitude. Historical persons — e.g. Sidney and the fair Geraldine — actual events, and accounts of famous cities in Germany, France, and Italy, are introduced into a mixed recital — half rogue-story, half travel-book. [Ed. with Essay on Life and Writings of Nash, by Edmund Gosse, ys. 6d., Chiswick Press, 1892.] Painter, William [1540-94]. The Palace of Pleasure. 1566-7 A famous treasury of stories from Boccaccio, Bandello, Cinthio, Ser Giovanni, Straparola, Guevara, Marguerite of Navarre, etc., in most cases the first translations into English. The Elizabethan dramatists quarried many of their plots here ; e.g. Romeo and Juliet, All's Well that Ends Well, and Measure for Measure. [Ed. Joseph Jacobs, 3 vols., 50s. n., Nutt, 1890: o.p. {a verbatim repr. of Haslewood's Ed. of 1813).] Pettie, George [1548-89]. A petite Pallace of Pettie his pleasure : contaynyng many pretie Hystories by him set foorth in comely colours and most delightfully discoursed. 1376 Pettie got the idea of his collection from Painter's Palace of Pleasure, and his style from tyly. Only a dozen tales — Sinorix and Camma, Tereus and Progne, Germanicus and Agrippina, Amphiaraus and Eriphile, Icilius and Virginia, Admetus and Alcest, Scilla and Minos, Curiatius and Horatia, Cephalus and Procris, Minos and Pasiphae, Pigmaleons freinde and his Image, Alexius. [Ed. I. GoUancz, 2 vols. (King's Classics), 3s. n., Chatto.] Rich, Bamaby [1540 ?-i6i7]. The Straunge and wonderful! Adventures of Don Simonides. 158 1-4 An euphuistic novel of Italy and London, modelled on Lyly, whose Philautus is introduced. [2 vols, in 1581 and 1584, o.p.] Riche his Farewell to Militarie profession : conteining verie pleasaunt dis- courses fit for a peaceable tyme. 1581 The Adventures of Brusanus, Prince of Hungaria. 1592 Stories specially addressed to the Gentlewomen of England and Ireland. Shakespeare read the Farewell, a collection of romances, and borrowed his materials for Twelfth Night from a story, Apolonius and Silla, that came through Belleforest's Histoires Tragiques from Bandello. [This is reprinted in Collier and Hazlitt's Shakespeare's Library, fol. i, vol. i. [o.p.], and in Apolonius and Silla (Shakespeare Classics) with passages from Bandello, Belle- forest, etc., 2s. 6d. n., Chatto, 1912. Brusanus is o.p.] ^ ;. Robin Hood. The Noble Birth and Gallant Achievements of that Remarkable Outlaw Robin Hood ; together with a true account of the many merry and extravagant exploits he play'd in twelve several stories. Newly collected into one volume by an Ingenious Antiquary. 1678 A redaction into prose of ballads from the common garlands, most of which appear in Ritson's collection. It forms the only prose history of Robin Hood. The editor has printed herewith a MS. life of the great outlaw, preserved in the Sloane Library ; this is a prose paraphrase of the ancient legend A Lytle Geste of Robyn Hade. The twelve stories re- count some of his most famous feats and adventures, such as the fights with the Tanner of Nottingham, with the Beggar, and with the Curtal Fryar (alias Friar Tuck, alias The Monk of Copmanhurst) , his feats of archery, etc. Full of anachronisms. The period is supposed to be that of Henry VIII, instead of the early Angevin period (c. 1160-99). [o.p., but included in W. J. Thoms' Early English Prose Romances, see p. 9.] Shakespeare's Library ; the romances, novels, poems, and histories used by Shake- speare as the foundation of his dramas ; ed. by J. Payne ColHer. 2 vols. 1843 Greene's Pandosto (The Winter's Tale) ; Lodge's Rosalynd (As You Like It) ; The Histoire of Hamblet (Hamlet) ; Apollonius, Prince of Tyre (Pericles) ; Romeus and Juliet, by Arthur Brooke ; Rhomeo and Julietta, from Paynter's Palace of Pleasure ; Giletta of Narbona (All's Well that Ends Well), ibid.; The Two Lovers of Pisa (Merry Wives of Windsor); The Historie of Apollonius and Silla (containing part of plot of Twelfth Night), Rich's Farewell to Military Profession, 1606 ; The Historie of Promos and Cassandra (Measure for 8 SIXTEENTH CENTURY Measure), from Whetstone's Heptameron of Civil Discourses, 1582 ; The Adventures 0/ Giannetto, from the Pecorone of Ser Giovanni Fiorentino, Of a Jew Who Would for his Debt have the Flesh of a Christian, from the Orator of Alex. Silvayn, trans, by A. Munday, 1598, The Choice of Three Caskets, from the Gesta Somanorum, trans, by Robinson {Merchant of Venice) ; The Story of a Moorish Captain, from the Heccatomithi of Cinthio (Othello) ; Queen Cordila, a poem by John Higgins, from the Mirror for Magistrates, 1587 ; The Paphlagonian Unkind King, from Sir Philip Sidney's Arcadia, 1590 (Gloster and his sons in King Lear) ; The History of Makbeth, from HoJinshed's Chronicle ; The Shepherdess Felismena, from the Diana of Montemayor, trans, by B. Young, 1598 (Two Gentlemen of Verona) ; The Story told by the Fishwife of Stand on the Green, from West- ward for Smelts, 1620 (Cymbeline). [Thomas Rodd, 1843, o.p. Most of these works are reprinted in the new Shakespeare Library, with revised and annotated texts, and a most elaborate apparatus criticus, embracing introductions, notes, illustrative passages from originals of translations, etc., 8 vols, now published, 4s. n. each, Chatto.] Sidney, Sir Philip [1554-86]. The Countess of Pembroke's Arcadia. 1590 Not published till 1590, though written a decade earlier and widely circulated in MS. In the Arcadia, Sidney combined the pastoral romance of Sanazzaro and Montemayor with the romance of chivalry. It is a rambling story of the adventures of two shipwrecked princes, who in disguise woo the daughters of the king of Arcadia, and set in motion a train of events which are to fulfil a certain oracle. The book in both matter and expression is nearer poetry than prose fiction proper, mingling verse with a flowery and emotional prose elaborately cadenced, and imaging a more beautiful world than the real, in the manner expounded by Sidney in his Apologie. The action and the characters body forth his ideals of chivalrous virtue, heroic energy, and passionate love, and express his longing for a simpler and purer life than was his own lot amid the pomps and frivolities of Elizabeth's court. Alexander supplemented " a defect in the third part," and Beling added a sixth book. Dr. H. O. Sommer's (only edn. since i8th century except Hans FrisweU's abridgement, 6s., London, 1893) is a photographic reproduction of 1st ed., which con- tained only iirst three books (i8gi, 42s., Paul; I12.50, Scribner, N.Y.). Mr. Bertram Dobell has recently discovered an interesting MS. which, he believes, proves that Sidney had cut down and altered his original draft in this edn., not to the betterment of the story. This he proposes to issue verbatim. [Ed. E. A. Baker, with the additions of Sir Wm. Alexander and Richard Beling, a life, and intro. (Early Novelists), Routledge, 1907, 6s. n. (%2, Dutton, New York); ed. A. Feuillerat, 4s. 6d. n., Camb. Univ. Press, 1912; the story of Argalus and Parthenia was often pubUshed separately in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, e.g. The Unfortunate Lovers: the history of Argalus and Par- thenia. Black Letter, 1672.] Thoms, W. J. [ed.]. Early English Prose Romances. 1828, new ed. 1907 Combines the contents of Henry Morley's Early Prose Romances (Carisbrooke Library) with those in the former edn. by Thoms. Traditional stories of popular heroes or creatures of romantic fantasy, current in the Tudor period in the form of chap-books and the like. Many of them were dranjatized by Elizabethan playwrights. In modem times Goethe and Wagner have utihzed the Faustus, legend and that of the Swan Knight. For Reynard see p. 3 ; Thomas of Reading, p. 3 ; Robin Hood, p. 8 ; George a Green, p. 4; Tom a Lincoln, p. 6; Knight of the Swanne, p. 5; Faustus (in Germ, sectn.). Robert the Deuyll, an early French serio-comic tale of diabolical wickedness and plenary repentance ; afterwards located in Normandy. The earliest known version is in Latin prose (thirteenth century). Virgilius, from the Dutch translation of the French story; an Italian folk-tale in origin, being the life and miracles of Virgil, the fabled enchanter, based on legends of the poet. The History of Hamlet, from Richard Bradnocke's version (1608). Hamlet's story was told originally by Saxo Grammaticus, the Danish historio- grapher (twelfth century) ; see Ambales Saga (in Scandin. sectn.). Fryer Bacon, an Eliza- bethan version of the earher story of the great Franciscan (1214-9^) and his achievements, with those of Bungay and Vandermast. Guy of Warwick is a twelfth or thirteenth century story of Athelstan's reign, embodying some episodes from the metrical King Horn, and connected in subject with the Havelok poem. The present highly grandilo- quent and semi-metrical version was published at the end of the sixteenth century. Friar Rush, as savage a lampoon on the clergy as Reynard, is an old Danish tale, found in High German verse of the late fifteenth or early sixteenth century. The friar is a devil who enters a monastery, and commits all sorts of ludicrous physical and moral outrages on the monks. [New edn., rev. and enlarged (Library of Early Novelists), 6s. n., Routledge, 1907 ($2, Dutton, New York).] Warner, William [1558 ?-i6o9]. Pan his Syrinx, or Pipe, compact of seven Reedes. 1585 9 ENGLISH FICTION By the author of Albion's England. Seven tales on the model of the Theagenes and Chariclea of Hehodorus, written in the current euphuistic style, and not without Lyly's didactic moralizing about women, dress, manners, and the like, [o.p.] Whetstone, George [1544 ?-i587 ?]. An Heptameron of Civill Discourses. 1582 Sub-title : " Conteining the Christmasse Exercise of Sundrie well Courted Gentlemen and Gentlewomen ; in whose behaviours the better sort may see a representation of their own vertues, and the Inferiour may learne such Rules of Civil Government as will rase out the Blemish of their basenesse. Wherein is Renowned the Vertues of a most honourabel and brave mynded gentleman." A collection of romances from Cinthio and others, divided, like the Decameron, into seven days and one night. The story of Promos and Cassandra reported by Isabella gave Whetstone the plot of his play of the same name {1578), and Shakespeare material for Measure for Measure. This story was reprinted in Collier and Hazlitt's Shakespeare's Library, vol. i., iii.; reprinted by Chatto (Shake- speare Library), 4s. net, and Cassell's National Library, i88g. This Heptameron was reissued sub tit. Aurelia, the Paragon of Pleasure and Princely Delights, by G. W., gent., 1593- [o.p.] SEVENTEENTH CENTURY— 1601-1700 Adventures of Covent Garden (The), in imitation of Scarron's City Romance. 1699 An imitation of Furetidre's Roman bourgeois (1666) rather than of Scarron's Roman comique. One of the most graphic and detailed pictures extant of London life in the days of the coffee-houses and in the cultivated circles in which Dryden, Congreve, and their literary acquaintances moved. The conversation of Peregrine, the hero of the story, and various ladies, at the play and at scenes like St. Bartholomew's Fair, gives interesting glimpses of literary tastes, etc. [o.p.] Bacon, Francis, Baron Verulam, Viscount St. Albans [1561-1626]. The New Atlantis. 1635 Certain voyagers discover an unknown land in the Pacific inhabited by a people of higher civilization than that of Europeans. In this unfinished tale Bacon embodies much of his philosophy, and makes suggestions, such as the utility of scientific academies, that have borne fruit since ; it is also a good example of his English prose. [Cassell's Nat. Lib., 6d. ; ed. Smith, 40c. n., Macmillan, N.Y. ; also in Ideal Commonwealths, ed. by H. Morley, is., Routledge.] Bacon, Fryer. The Famous Historic of Fryer Bacon. 1627 " Containing the Wonderfull Things that he did in his life : also the manner of his death ; with the Uves and deaths of the two Coniurers, Bungye and Vandermast." An Elizabethan version of an earlier story of the great Franciscan (1214-92) and his achievements, which- are after the manner of the time ascribed to necromantic powers. Notable as the story on which Greene based his finest play [repr. in W. J. Thoms' Early English Prose Romances, Routledge, 6s. n. ($2, Button, N.Y.).] Barclay, John [1582-1621]. Argenis ; or the Loves of Poliarchus and Argenis. 1611 An allegory with political double-meanings grafted on to the romance of gallantry and heroism, such as was coming into vogue in France. Barclay reconstructs the map of Europe, and, bestowing classical names on the leading personages of the reUgious wars, weaves an elaborate and perplexing romance full of surprises and occult significations. Sicily repre- sents France ; Poliarchus, Henry IV ; Usinulca, Calvin ; Hyanisbe, Queen Elizabeth ; the Hyperaphanii, the Huguenots; etc. [Trans, by KingsmiU Long, folio, Lond., 1625; trans, into English — the prose by Sir Robert Le Grys, kt., and the verses by Thos. May, esquire, Lond., 1628 ; The Phcenix, or the History of Polyarchus and Argenis; trans, from Latin (by Clara Reeve), 4 vols., London, 1771, all o.p. ; seventeenth-century Latin editions abound, many in the Elzevir format.] Behn, IVIrs. Aphra [1640-89]. Novels. 1698 The Royal Slave (Oroonoko), The Fair Jilt, The Nun, Agnes de Castro, The Lover's Watch, The Case for the Watch, The Lady's Glass to Dress herself by. The Lucky Mistake, The Court of the King of Bantam, The Adventure of the Black Lady. Mrs. Behn wrote a large number of Ucentious plays, one novel of singular merit, Oroonoko, and some indifierent novelettes which are collected here. These last are negUgible effusions, poor in plot, false in senti- ment, unreal in method, all on variations of the one theme — the omnipotence of love. Oroonoko has a truth and power unexampled in these. It is the story of an heroic negro who is kidnapped and sold into slavery in Surinam, where Aphra perhaps witnessed his sufferings and magnanimity. As a glorification of the natural man, this book anticipated Rousseau, and as an emancipation novel, Mrs. Stowe. [With introd. by E. A. Baker (Library of Early Novelists), Routledge, 1905, 6s. n. ($2, Button, New York.).] SEVENTEENTH CENTURY BuNYAN, John [1628-88]. The Pilgrim's Progress from this World to That Which is to Come. 1678-84 Written in prison between 1660 and 1672. Describes the toils and trials of the Christian's mortal life under the guise of a journey from the City of Destruction to the New Jeru- salem. One of the most absorbing allegories, because the least artificial, the characters interesting in themselves, intensely alive, and meeting with experiences fruitful in natural drama. Bunyan's prose is the simplest and purest English, homely, yet capable of sub- lime effects. Incidentally, he drew graphic pictures of his time in scenes from English provincial hf e, and types of human nature from his own keen-eyed observation. [Facsimile of 1st ed. (1678), 23. 6d., Stock, 1894; Critical text, ed. J. Brown, 5s., Hodder, 1886; ed. E. Venables (with Grace Abounding), 3s. 6d., Clar. Press (1879), 1901 ; "Thumb" ed. of same, is. 6d., 1896 ; (Golden Treasury Series), 2s. 6d. n. (|i), Macmillan, 1862 ; ed. G. Oftor, 2s., Bliss, 1897 ; is. 6d. n. (Temple Classics), Dent (45c., Dutton, New York), 1898.] . The Life and Death of Mr. Badman. 1680 A counterpart to the history of Christian. Relates the progress of a sinner to perdition. The dialogues between Mr. Wiseman and Mr. Attentive, and other digressions relieve the narrative. The rude country life of Charles the Second's time is painted with faithful realism, and the story is a natural and straightforward kind of narrative with a moral attached. [In vol. iii. of his Whole Works, ed. by G. Ofior, 3 vols., 57s.; 8vo, Blackie, 1862, o.p. ; with The Holy War, ed. by John Brown, 4s. 6d. n., Camb. Press.] The Holy War. 1682 ■ Pure allegory again : the strife between celestial and infernal hosts, led by Prince Emmanuel and Diabolus, for the City of Mansoul. The sects inside and outside of the Anglican Church are all represented in the struggle, which unfortunately turns in the main on quibbling points of doctrine. [Ed. J. Brown, 4s. 6d. n., Camb. Press; ed. Mabel Peacock (with The Heavenly Footman), 3s. 6d. ($1.25), Clar. Press, 1892 ; is., R.T.S.] CoNGREVE, William [1670-1729]. Incognita ; or, Love and Duty Reconciled. 1692 Among the latest progeny of sentimental romanticism, but in some points an anticipation of the comic fiction about to be inaugurated by Fielding. Very brief, as novels went in those days, fruit of the idle hours of a fortnight's time ; and very dramatic, the plot comprehending exactly three days. Scene, Florence, "two couple so oddly engaged in an intricate amour," ending their affairs in satisfactory weddings, after a rapid series of intrigues and imbroglios which are related with a mixture of fashionable sentiment and mock-heroic raillery. The first published work of the author, [o.p.] Crowne, John \d. 1703 ?]. Pandion and Amphigenia ; or, the Story of the Coy Lady of Thessalia. 1665 About the worst English example of the romance of heroism and sentiment, flagrantly and ineffectively copied from Sidney's Arcadia. Crowne, the dramatist's, first work, written, so he said, when he was " scarcely twenty years." [o.p.] Godwin, Francis [1562-1633]. The Man in the Moone; or, a discourse of a Voyage thither by Domingo Gonsales. 1638 Godwin was in succession Bishop of Llandaff and of Hereford, and the author of many learned books. Translated into French, this gave Cyrano de Bergerac the suggestion of his famous voyages to the moon. The story is also supposed to have given Bishop Williams the idea of his Discovery of a New World in the Moon. Swift may have borrowed from Cyrano, but it is quite probable that he had read Godwin, [o.p.] Harrington, James [1611-1677]. Oceana. 1656 Half a romance of the conventional quasi-historical type, half a serious treatise on govern- ment. The account of his fictitious commonwealth, particularly the debates and the sketches of statesmen — which clearly refer to contemporary pohtics — have some humorous touches ; but the main part is grave theory enforcing such principles as a maximum allowance of landed property, election by ballot, etc., derived from Venice and Sparta. [Ed. H. Morley, is., Routledge, 1887 (35c. n., Dutton, New York).] ENGLISH FICTION Head, Richard [1637 ?-i686 ?]. The Enghsh Rogue described in the Life of Meriton Latroon, a witty extravagant, being a compleat History of the most Eminent Cheats of both Sexes [by Richard Head and Francis Kirkman]. 1665-71 A coarse, indecent, but racy story, in the form of the autobiography of a professional thief. Francis Kirkman, a bookseller, wrote a second part, licensed 1668, and in 1671 a 3rd and 4th parts were published. Head's life was a loose and adventurous one, and supplied him with material for a small library of works on canting, trepanning, and the villainous practices of the day. [Reprinted in 4 vols., Chatto, 1874 ; o.p.] Ingelo, Nathaniel [1621 ?-83]. Bentivoho and Urania. 1660 A religious romance or treatise : Bentivolio is Good Will, and Urania, Heavenly Light, [o.p.] Kirkman, Francis. Don Bellianis of Greece : (see Spanish Fiction, Fernandez (T.) ). Mackenzie, Sir George [1636-91]. Aretina ; or, the Serious Romance. 1661 The most brilliant imitation in English of the French romances of heroic gallantry (see Gombre- ville, La Calprendde, and Scud&y), by the famous persecutor — " the Bloody Mackenzie." Not unindebted to Lyly and Sidney for its high-flown style. Like Barclay and Harrington, Mackenzie dresses up contemporary politics in allegorical costumes, giving the kingdoms of England and Scotland under the names of Athens and Sparta. But the strength of the book — such as it is — lies in his able treatment of ethical and sentimental discussions, in emulation of his Gallic models. The paradoxes and aphorisms in which Mackenzie's juvenile wit luxuriated are set in ingenious conceits that are often grotesque but not seldom adorn. [Lond., 1661 ; o.p.] Nova Solyma ; or, Jerusalem Regained : an anonymous romance written in the time of Charles 1, now first drawn from obscurity, and attributed to the illus- trious John Milton. With Introduction, Translation, Literary Essays, and a Bibliography, by Rev. Walter Begley. 1648 Convincing arguments have been adduced by Professor J. W. Mackail (Quarterly, April, 1903), to show that Milton was not the author : but it is the work of a contemporary, and, prob- ably a college friend of Milton's. A very miscellaneous and formless production. The adventures of two Cambridge youths who visit the new Jerusalem, repossessed by the Jews after their conversion to Christianity ; in the fashionable style of which Euphues is the best exemplar. The account of Nova Solyma, its poUty and social economy, family life, nurture and education of children, and its university, is another Utopia, embodying ideas common to many great minds of the period with which Milton was in full sympathy. Long discourses on theological questions, the Creation, nature and art, poetry, take up the larger part of the book. Many fine essays in Latin verse are translated into Miltonic metres, and offered as proofs of Milton's authorship. The love of the two students for the Daughter of Zion, the ecstatic character of Joseph, and the lighter amorous episodes belong to the general style of fanciful romance that preceded the birth of a true prose fiction. [Published sub tit. Novae Solymae, 1648; translation from a second issue in 1649, 2 vols., 21S. n., 8vo, Murray, 1902.] Orrery, Roger Boyle, ist Earl of [1621-79]. Parthenissa ; that most fam'd romance. 1654-65 An imitation of the romance of spurious antiquity invented by Desmaretz and La Calpren^de. Syrian, Parthian, Arabian princes, generals, lovers undergo the stereotyped adventures, in a complication of episodes and secondary stories, in which Hannibal, Spartacus, Massinissa, Mithradates, and other notabilities of classical history take parts. [First part appeared in 6 vols, in 1654, and complete ed. in 3 vols, in 1665 and in folio 1676; op.] '■ English Adventures by a person of honour. 1676 Tells the story of Henry the Eighth's and the Duke of Brandon's amorous exploits in the froward and cynical spirit of post- Restoration comedy. Brandon's adventures supplied Otway with matter for his Orphan (played in 1680). [o.p.] Wroath, Lady Mary. The Countess of Montgomerie's Urania. 1621 An imitation of Sidney's Arcadia by a niece of his, daughter of Robert, Earl of Leicester. A mixture of Sidneian prose and verse, with the conventional shepherd-princes and royal shepherdesses herding their flocks and making love in Greece and the isles. [Folio, Lond., 1621 ; o.p.] EIGHTEENTH CENTURY, FIRST HALF EIGHTEENTH CENTURY, FIRST HALF— iyoi~iy 50 Addison, Joseph [1672-1719]. The Spectator. 1711-4 The Spectator contains many critical or satirical pictures of society, moral apologues, and char- acter-sketches knit into a kind of memoir, such as that of Sir Roger de Coverley, all of which were important as aiding the development of the novel towards delineation of real Hfe. The periodical essay went a stage further than the " character," whole volumes of which were pubUshed by Overbury, Earle, and numerous other writers of the preceding age. The essay not only analysed and criticized character in a philosophical way, but showed them actually immersed in the practical affairs of life. [8 vols., 24s. n.. Dent, 1897 ; ed. G. A. Aitken, 6 vols. (New Universal Lib.), each is. n., Routledge (each 50c., Button, New York) ; ed. H. Morley, with good Index by Wheeler, 2s. 6d., Routledge ($1.50, Dutton, New York) ; (Bohn's Lib.), 3 vols., each 3s. 6d., Bell (each $1 n., Macmillan, New York).] Carleton, Capt. George. The Memoirs of an English Of&cer. 1728 More probably authentic memoirs, though it was long put down as one of Defoe's fictions. A realistic narrative of the wars, particularly of the Earl of Peterborough's daring but unfortunate campaign in the Peninsula. [In Defoe's Novels, etc., ii. (Bohn's Lib.), 3s. 6d., Bell.] Defoe, Daniel [1663-1731]. Robinson Crusoe. 1719 "Founded on the actual experiences of Alexander Selkirk, cast away on an uninhabited island'. A minutely circumstantial account of his shipwreck and escape, and the methodical industry whereby the soUtary makes himself a comfortable home. A masterpiece of unconscious, instinctive art, and a book that has been a model for realistic romances ever since. Though it is only by stretching a point that any of his books can be defined as novels, Defoe was of epoch-making importance in the history of fiction. He wrote to satisfy a popular demand for facts, and so established reahsm as the new basis for romance. [Ed. H. Kingsley (Globe edn,), 3s. 6d., Macmillan, 1879 ; ed. J. W. Clark (Golden Treasury Series), 2S. 6d. n. ($1), Macmillan, 1868; ed. G. A. Aitken, 3 vols., 7S. 6d. n., Dent ($3, Macmillan, New York), 1895-6; vol. vii, Defoe's Novels, etc., 7 vols., each 3s. 6d. (Bohn's Stand. Lib.), Bell.] Memoirs of a Cavalier. 1720 Military journal of the wars in Germany under Gustavus Adolphus and in England under Charles I (1632-48) ; rather history than romance, and possibly based on a stray MS., which seems to be quoted freely, thus accounting for various slips. The hero may have been Andrew Newport, whose father became Lord Newport, but more probably was invented ; if so, the book has deceived the ablest critics. [2s. 6d. n.. Dent (|i, Macmillan, New York), 1895; 3s. 6d., Bell.] Life, Adventures and Piracies of Capt. Singleton 1720 This and the next are excellent examples of Defoe's pseudo-history and pseudo-biography, which pretended to be authentic, and were perfectly faithful accounts of contemporary life. The boy Singleton was kidnapped and sold to gypsies, headed a band of mutineers, crossed Africa from Madagascar, and became a successful pirate. This part is made up from authentic tales of travellers, and the detailed account of Central Africa has not been discredited. Defoe's nearest approach to a humorous character, WiUiam the Quaker, comes into this tale. [2s. 6d. n.. Dent ($1, Macmillan, New York), 1895; 3S- 6d., Bell.] The Fortunes and Misfortunes of Moll Flanders. 1722 A masterpiece of naturalistic fiction, which in recent years was translated into French as a classic model of that genre. Moll went to the bad in early life, was five times married (bigamously or legitimately she Httle cared) , a thief and a harlot, and eventually a penitent. She tells her story with a plain sincerity that appals, so dreadful are the facts set down, without comment save the occasional apostrophes for mercy which Defoe, as moralist, felt it incumbent upon him to interject. [Ed. G. A. Aitken, 2 vols., 5s. n.. Dent ($2, Macmillan, New York), 1895; with Roxana, ed. E. A. Baker (Early Novelists), 6s. n., Routledge (%2, Dutton, New York), 1906.] A Journal of the Plague Year. 1722 A plain, matter-of-fact narrative, fortified by documentary proofs that give it the semblance of history. It is indeed a masterpiece of tragic history, fairly comparable to the descrip- tions of great cities in the throes of pestilence by Thucydides and Milton. [With Cruik- shank's illustrations, 3s. 6d., Routledge ; ed. H. Morley, is., Routledge (35c., Dutton, New York) ; ed. G. A. Aitken, 2s. 6d. n.. Dent ($1, Macmillan, New York), 1895; 3S. 6d., Bell; also in Temple Classics, is. 6d. n.. Dent (50c., Macmillan, New York). 13 ENGLISH FICTION Defoe, Daniel {continued). — Life and Adventures of Colonel Jacque. 1722 A pendant to Moll Flanders as a view of shady life — this biography of a convict has frequently been reprinted among accounts of genuine highwaymen. By birth a gentleman, the hero fell among depraved people, was brought up to be a thief, and after a life of rascality was kidnapped and sent to the plantations. Like Moll Flanders, gives a vivid picture of the submerged in London, the ways of the criminal classes, etc. [2s. 6d. n.. Dent ( $1, Macmillan, New York), 1895; 3s. 6d., Bell.] The Fortunate Mistress, Lady Roxana. 1724 Another narrative of moral corruption — the life of a courtesan among the upper classes. The beautiful daughter of a French refugee, she marries a fool who levants, and then goes to the bad. She gains wealth by wily scheming, but in the end is disgraced, and dies in gaol. There is a Quaker landlady in the story who is interesting as a character. But the finest part of Roxana is towards the end, where a tearful climax of terror and suspense is engineered. The story was finished by another hand, who blundered with dates, etc. [2 vols., 5s. n.. Dent ($2, Macmillan, New York), 1895 ; with Moll Flanders ; see above.] Fielding, Henry [1707-54]. The Adventures of Joseph Andrews. 1742 Began as a burlesque of Richardson's Pamela, but soon expanded into a sort of picaroon novel. The worldly-wise vestal Pamela reappears as Lady Booby, and her brother Joseph, the footman, is represented as repelUng the overtures of a woman of quality. The servants and connections of a squire's family in the country include those famous originals : Parson Adams, designed as a character of perfect simplicity and goodness ; Mrs. SUpslop, Peter Pounce, and Parson TruUiber. In a long disquisition Fielding analyses the novel as a comic epic in prose. [Ed. Saintsbury, 2 vols., 5s. n.. Dent ($2, Macmillan, New York), 1893 ; 3s. 6d. (Bohn's Lib.), Bell {$1 n., Macmillan, New York) ; 5s., 2s., Routledge {fi.50, $1, Dutton, New York).] A Journey from this World to the Next. I743 A Lucianic fable. The journey gives occasion for much quizzing of human nature, the satire growing more unequivocal when Minos decides, in grim sardonic style, on the various claims to enter Elysium. Humorous descriptions of literary immortals follow, and then a lengthy account of Julian the Apostate and his transmigrations. Probably written earlier than Joseph Andrews. [In his Miscellanies, ed. G. Saintsbury, 2 vols., 5s. n., Dent ($2, Macmillan, New York), 1893 ; see also next book.] The History of Mr. Jonathan Wild the Great. I743 A masterpiece of sustained irony, the biography of the noted thief-taker hanged at Tyburn in 1725 being thrown into the form of a parable on the theme that goodness must not be divorced from greatness, or the latter will degenerate into pure rascality. [This and the Journey appeared in the Miscellanies (3 vols., 1743). In i vol., 5s., Routledge (?2, Dutton, New York) ; Miscellanies, ed. G. Saintsbury, 2 vols., 5s. n., Dent (I2 n., Mac- millan, New York), 1893.] Tom Jones : the History of a Foundling. 1749 His mo^ elaborate and comprehensive work. The complete and unexpurgated history of a young man of strong natural impulses, a good disposition, and no overpowering sense of morality. Fielding planned it as a " Comic Epic," and built the plot with care, a plot turning on the recognition of Jones's birth and on the fortunes of his love for an adorable girl. Life in country and town in the year 1745 ; with a great crowd of characters of aU sorts and conditions, from the squirearchy and the rakes and fashionable women of London down to the domestic servants and even gypsies and tinkers. Squire Western and Partridge are comic gems of the finest quality ; AUworthy is an idealized portrait of Ralph Allen, and Sophia (like Amelia) a picture drawn with reverent passion from Fielding's dead wife. Fielding aims at a philosophical representation of life, and in the essays prefixed to his chapters gives many dissertations on literature and art, and on the actions and characters of the story. Tom Jones is of the highest importance in the history of literature, as indicating the lines on which the modern novel of manners was to be written ; Thackeray, the most distinguished of Fielding's followers, avowedly took it for his model in Pendennis, and it justifies the digressions and asides of George Eliot and otlier novelists. [Ed. Saintsbury, 4 vols., los. n.. Dent ($4, Macmillan, New York), 1893 ; 2 vols. (Bohn's Lib.), 7s., Bell ($2 n., Macmillan, New York) ; 2 vols., 10s., i vol., 5s., 2s. ($4, %i, Dutton, New York), Routledge; 2 vols. (Lib. of Eng. Classics), 7s. n., $3, Macmillan, 1900. Adapted for Family Reading by his great-granddaughter, J. E. Fielding, 6s., Sonnenschein, 1896.] 14 EIGHTEENTH CENTURY, FIRST HALF Fielding, Henry (continued). — ^Amelia. 1751 This comes closest of all Fielding's novels to actuality, for he was drawing upon his personal experiences as a London magistrate, and was anxious to show up the disorders of society in his pictures of licentious pleasures, depravity and crime, and the horrors of Newgate. Amelia, " the perfect model of an English wife," he drew from his own first wife. It is the touching — and often trying — story of a married couple in an uphill struggle with adversity, the hero as weakly good-natured as Tom Jones — or more so. Dr. Harrison and Col. Bath are the most original creations. [Ed. Saintsbury, 3 vols., 7s. 6d. n.. Dent (I3, Macmillau, New York), 1893; 5s. (Bohn's Lib.), Bell; $1.50 n., Macmillan, New York; 5s., 2s., Routledge ($2, ?i, Dutton, New York).] Fielding, Sarah [sister of Hy. Fielding ; 1714-68]. Adventures of David Simple in Search of a Faithful Friend. 1744 A moralizing novel, inspired by Richardson's Pamela. The misadventures and perplexities of a serious young man in quest of an ideal friend, whom he finds at last in the beautiful and amiable Camilla. One volume was mainly devoted to exposition of character in a number of individuals, the other to episodes of life in London. [Ed. E. A. Baker, Rout- ledge, 2S. ($1, Dutton, New York).] Haywood, Mrs. Eliza [1693 ?-i756]. Love in Excess; or, the Fatal Enquiry. 5th edn. 1724 The Injur'd Husband ; or, Mistaken Resentment. 1724 Memoirs of a certain Island adjacent to Utopia, written by a celebrated author of that country ; now translated into English. 1725 The Secret History of the Present Intrigues of the Court of Caramania. 1727 Novels of intrigue and contemporary scandal in the style of Mrs. Behn and Mrs. Manley. To the two last-named Mrs. Haywood published keys, identifying, by means of initials, her characters with living notabilities. Her libels exasperated Pope, who savagely re- taliated in The Dunciad, where she figures as " Ehza." [o.p.] The History of Miss Betsy Thoughtless 1751 Miss Burney appears to have got the idea of Evelina and suggestions for several of her cha- racters from this novel, which describes the d6but in the fashionable world of London of an inexperienced girl. Miss Betsy falls into the hands of a dissolute set, and her em- barrassments are more fruitful in impropriety than humour, though the novelist parades the moral lesson which the story is supposed to inculcate, [o.p.] Manley, Mrs. Mary de la Riviere [1663-1724]. The Secret History of Queen Zarah and the Zarazians. 1705-11 ist part, 1705 ; reprinted with 2nd part, 1711. Probably by Mrs. Manley, who had pre- viously written two comedies. A romance made up of disguised scandal of political and fashionable life. The French version, with a key, was published at Oxford in 1712. [o.p.] — — Secret Memoirs and Manners of Several Persons of Quality, of both Sexes. From the New Atalantis. 1709 A more impudent miscellany of slanderous stories, for which author, publishers, and printers were arrested, on the Earl of Sunderland's warrant, on a charge of libelUng certain people of eminence. Her Memoirs of Europe towards the close of the Eighteenth Century, written by Eginardus, secretary and favourite to Charlemagne, and done into English by the trans- lator of the " New Atalantis " (1710) was reprinted as the 3rd and 4th vols, of the New Atalantis. She also wrote Court Intrigues, in a Collection of Original Letters from the Island of the New Atalantis {1711). In her attacks on the Whigs she was assisted by hints from Swift, whom she succeeded as editor of the Examiner (1711). [o.p.] The Power of Love in Seven Novels. 1720 The Fair Hypocrite, The Physician's Stratagem, The Wife's Resentment, The Husband's Resent- ment in two Examples, The Happy Fugitive, and The Perjured Beauty. Pretentious romances of intrigue, illicit passion, and unreal sentiment, a.i conventional and vapid as the poorer of Mrs. Behn's. [o.p.] 15 ENGLISH FICTION Richardson, Samuel [1689-1761]. Pamela, or. Virtue Rewarded. 1740-2 A didactic novel writ±en in letters of great prolixity and minuteness, the outcome of a project for utilizing Richardson's epistolary gift to furnish illustrations of polite letter-writing and of just and prudent behaviour. The story of a maidservant of good and prudent upbringing whose virtue is pertinaciously assailed by her master. Epoch-making in literature as a study of the female heart. The point of view and the iiatural feelings of an ignorant, shrewd, pious, and practical girl of humble station are faithfully interpreted. Richardson's prudential scheme of morality provoked Fielding to write Joseph Andrews (1742). The second part of Pamela (1742) is inferior to the first. [2s., Routledge (%i, Dutton, New York) ; edn. of Richardson's works, 20 vols., Chapman, each 2S. 6d. n. ; 19 vols., Pickering Club Classics, 1905.] Clarissa Harlowe ; or, the History of a Young Lady. 1748 Richardson's masterpiece — ^the history of a beautiful woman sacrificed to a heartless libertine — written in letters, with a stronger leavening of dialogue, but the same minute, methodical realism in the anatomizing of mental states. Richardson describes the play of impulse and feeling with the same superabundance of relevant and irrelevant detail as Defoe used in describing physical occurrences. Dr. Johnson said that a single letter in one of his novels contained more knowledge of the human heart than the whole of Tom Jones. The book had enormous influence on European literature, inspiring Rousseau and arousing the enthusiasm of Diderot. [2s., Routledge ($1, Dutton, New York).] The History of Sir Charles Grandison, Bart. I753 Undertaken as a retort to those critics who thought Lovelace, the undoer of Clarissa, too attractive : Richardson's idea of a complete gentleman. Sir Charles is a wealthy and accomplished man of fashion, endowed with every possible virtue, adored by women, etc. He marries a heroine of corresponding perfection. Like Clarissa, it was originally published in seven vols, and contains about fifty characters portrayed with enormous detail. [2s., Routledge (%i, Dutton, New York).] Swift, Jonathan [1667-1745]. A Tale of a Tub. 1704 Probably written about 1695. One of the most original and powerful satires ever penned. Swift's exclamation is famous : " Good God, what a genius I had when I wrote that book ! " The most specific object of the satire is formalism and pedantry in religion, the author taking the attitude of a loyal Church of England clergyman and belabouring the Roman Catholics and the Puritans. But the weak points of Anglican Christianity by no means escape censure, and the digressive style admits of the ridicule of all kinds of cant and prejudice. Swift's satire is profoundly philosophical in scope ; it goes to the roots of human nature and is apphcable to all ages of history. The misanthropic prejudice of the book and its irreverence have been severely criticized, even by admirers. A con- summate example of the author's clear, precise, virile prose and deadly logic. [{Carisbrooke Lib.), 2S. 6d., Routledge, 1889 ; (Victoria Lib.), is., Lovell Reeve; 1890.] Travels into several remote Nations of the World, by Lemuel Gulliver. 1726 In the account of his four wonder-countries Swift satirizes contemporary manners and morals, arts and politics — in fact the whole social scheme — from four difierent points of view. The huge Brobdingnagians reduce man to his natural insignificance, the little people of Lilliput parody Europe and its petty broils, in Laputa philosophers are ridiculed, and finally all Swift's hatred and contempt find their satisfaction in degrading humanity to a bestial condition. The mordant satire and wayward humour are for men, but children can appreciate the simple and direct narrative that makes marvels appear quite everyday affairs. Swift's realistic method is an adaptation of Defoe's. See also p. 11, Godwin, Francis. [(Temple Classics), is. 6d. n.. Dent (50c., Macmillan, New York), 1896 ; 2s. 6d., Sands, 1896, is. 6d., id., 1899. Illustrated by C. E. Brock, 3s. 6d. ($1.50), Macmillan; by Cole, 6s., Lane, 1899. Facsimile Reprint, w. introduction Austin Dobson, los. 6d., Stock (1872), 1877. Gulliver's Travels and other Works, exactly reprinted from ist edn., and ed., with some account of Cyrano de Bergerao and his voyages to the sun and moon, by H. Morley, with note on the name " Gulliver " by J. P. Gilson (Library of Early Novelists), 6s. n., Routledge ($2, Dutton, New York), 1906 ; with notes, 5s., Cassell. Swift's Prose Works, ed. Temple Scott, 12 vols., 5s. each. Bell, 1897^1908; vol. i.. Tale of a Tub, etc. ; vol. x., Gullivef's Travels.] 16 EIGHTEENTH CENTURY, SECOND HALF EIGHTEENTH CENTURY, SECOND HALF— 1751-1800 Amory, Thomas [1691-1788]. The Life and Opinions of John Buncle, Esq. 1756-66 An extraordinary medley of oblique autobiography and disquisitions on religious controversy, philosophy, and mathematics. The subject is, like the author, a bigoted Unitarian, a good liver, and in all respects a character, who marries and buries seven wives and then settles down to a meditative old age. Eating and drinking, the charms of his miscellaneous wives, the comfortable side of nature, and so on, are dilated up^n with untiring gusto The book is probably the finest example of unconscious humour in d,ny literature. [Edited by E. A. Baker (Library of Early Novelists), 6s. n., Routledge {$2, Dutton, New York), 1904.] Bage, Robert [1728-1801]. Hermsprong ; or, Man as He is Not. 1796 In some sort an imitation of Richardson ; good in its drawing of feminine character. Bage belonged to the revolutionary school of novelists headed by Godwin and Holcroft, whose teachings were in accoi'd with those of Rousseau and Tom Paine — the rights of man, hfe according to Nature, social equality, etc. This is perhaps the most important of his novels, contrEisting the deficiencies of things as they were with the beauties of an Utopian colony planted among the redskins in North American forests, and extolling the virtues of man in a state of nature. [British Novelists, No. 48, 1810; o.p.] Beckford, William [1759-1844]. The History of the Caliph Vathek : an Arabian tale from an unpublished MS. French version finished 1782 A brilliant medley of Oriental magic and Western comedy. The Sultan Vathek, a despot of portentous attributes, whose court and courtiers are depicted with a mingling of burlesque and Eastern magnificence, commits a series of detestable crimes at the instance of a diabohcal Giaour, who leads him at length to the Hall of Eblis, an inferno whose torments are pictured with Dantesque imagination. Beckford hated women, and his female personages are etched in with vitriolic satire. Written in French, 1782. Pub- lished in English, 1783. [Cassell's Nat. Lib., 6d. ; 2S., Ward & Lock, 1891 ; ed. by R. Garnett, with etchings by Nye, 21s. n., 8vo, Lawrence & BuUen, 1893, o.p. ; 2S. 6d. n., Greening; with coloured plates by W. B. Handforth, 2s. 6d. n., Routledge, 1912.] Brooke, Henry [1708-83]. The Fool of QuaUty ; or, The History of Henry, Earl of Moreland. 1765-70 Brooke was a man of strong individuaUty who was looked upon in the days of George I as a literary luminary, and was famous later as an authority on agrarian and agricultural matters in Ireland. His friend Wesley adopted this book in an abridged form {The History of Henry, Earl of Moreland) as a handbook of the Christian virtues. It purports to describe the education of an ideal nobleman. The hero is brought up by an uncle, who gives him unlimited means for relieving poverty, etc. The pictures of boyhood were unmatched till Hughes wrote Tom Brown's School-days. Very inchoate ; the personal history of this quix- otic young man is overshadowed by frequent homiHes and dissertations on politics, morals, and social ameUoration ; the theology is that of Brooke's future editor, Charles Kingsley — the identity of Goodness and God. [Ed. Kingsley, abridged and with biographical preface (highly eulogistic), 6s., Macmillan, 1873, o.p. ; the same edn., with a new Life of the Author (based on unused family records) by E. A. Baker (Library of Early NoveUsts), 6s. n., Routledge (|2, Dutton, New York), 1906.] BuRNEY, Fanny [Mme. D'Arblay; 1752-1840]. Evelina; or, A Young Lady's Entrance into the World. ^77^ Miss Burney was a sharp-eyed girl — an indefatigable reader and a precocious writer of poems, plays, and stories for her own amusement — in a family well-off for friends, where she had plentiful opportunities of watching the kind of people to be seen in drawing-rooms, in the streets, and at smart places of entertainment. In Evelina she puts her observations together in a novel with a sketchy plot. Evelina's introduction to town, her visits to relatives and entrance into fashionable society, are the occasion for lively sketches of the surface things of London — its people and pleasures, life in theatre and ballroom, at Maryle- bone Gardens, the Pantheon, etc. ; and of the people of fashion, the eccentrics, the con- ceited, and the vulgar ; the last in particular being sharply satirized in the persons of Evelina's uppish relatives, the Branghtons, with their affected gentility and snobbishness Miss Burney had doubtless read Betsy Thoughtless, by Mrs. Haywood (see p. 15). [3s. 6d. (Bohn's Lib.), BeU (?i n., Macmillan, New York), 1883 ; 2s. n. (York Lib.), Bell (80c. n., c 17 ENGLISH FICTION Macmillan, New York), 1904 ; edited by R. B. Johnson, 2 vols., 5s. n.. Dent, 1893 ; 2 vols. (Temple Classics), 3s. n.. Dent, 1903 ; Illustrated by Hugh Thomson, 6s. (?2), Macmillan, 1903.] BuRNEY, Fanny {continued).- — Cecilia ; or, The Memoirs of an Heiress. 1782 A more studied and elaborate work. A rich heiress is left to the tender mercies of three guardians, a characteristic trio, who, with the fortune-hunters and admirers besieging her, are sketched with a satirical pen. The comedy of manners is somewhat submerged by the multiplication of characters and the distracting interests of a melodramatic plot. In these two novels and in her Diary she gave her best, and there is a complete falling off in Camilla (1796) and The Wanderer (1814), which brought her ;£3ooo apiece, but little credit either then or since. [2 vols. (Bohn's Lib.), 7s., Bell ($2 n., Macmillan, Kew York), 1883 ; I vol. (York Lib.), 2S. n.. Bell (80c. n., Macmillan, New York), 1904; edited by R. B. Johnson, 3 vols., 7s. 6d., Dent, 1893.] Day, Thomas [1748-89]. Sandford and Merton. 1783-89 A pedagogic novel, advocating the adoption of more enlightened methods of education, and appealing to the young with stories and improving talks which set forth the truths and charms of science and virtue. [2s., Routledge (?i, Dutton, New York), n.d. ; Illustrated, 3s. 6d., Routledge ($1.50, Dutton, New York), n.d.] Godwin, William [1756-1836]. Caleb Williams ; or, Things as They are. 1795 Not primarily, as Leslie Stephen described it, an imaginative version of The Political Justice (1793). though sociological ideas are at the back of the writer's mind in working out his ghastly climax of oppression and fear. A youth finds his beloved master to be guilty of murder, and is persecuted by the alarmed murderer, until he is compelled reluctantly to denounce him. Then each is overwhelmed by the consciousness of the other's " great- ness of mind." Denounces the inelastic rule of human justice as represented by the law. [Edited by E. A. Baker, 2S., Routledge, 1904.] St. Leon : a Tale of the Sixteenth Century. I799 A tale of the supernatural. A respectable gentleman, a model husband and estimable father, becomes possessed of the elixir of life and the philosopher's stone. But immortality and inexhaustible riches fail to ensure happiness to a human creature. St. Leon is dogged by misfortune, distrusted by his friends, imprisoned by the Inquisition, [o.p.] Fleetwood. 1805 Another sociological novel, dealing with the marriage question. Like Godwin himself, Fleet- wood fails to act up to the theory that wedlock is an unjustifiable bond, [o.p.] Goldsmith, Oliver [1728-74]. The Citizen of the World. 1762 An essay in the supposed Oriental manner then in vogue, consisting of letters from a Chinese philosopher stud3dng Western society in London to his friend at home (cf . Montesquieu's Lettres Persanes) . Sketches of the various aspects of London life, in coffee tavern, drawing- room, streets, and places of public entertainment (cf. Spectator s.nd Tatler), with a mere suggestion of a continuous story. Manners, literature, art, politics, reUgion are handled in the style of a social critic, with interludes of dialogue and the humours of some originals drawn from Ufe, e.g. Beau Tibbs and the Man in Black, the latter perhaps a fancy portrait of himself. [Edited by J. W. M. Gibbs (with Polite Learning), (Bohn's Lib.), 3s. 6d., Bell {$1 n., Macmillan, New York), 1885; edited by Austin Dobson and illustrated by H. Railton, 2 vols. (Temple Library), los. 6d. n., Dent, 1891 ; 2 vols. (Temple Classics), 3s. n. (90C. n., Dutton, New York), 1893 ; (New Uni-^ersal Lib.), is. n., Routledge (50c., Dutton, New York), 1905. The Vicar of Wakefield. 1766 The Vicar is a lovable mixture of virtue and foible, shrewdness and simphcity, unselfishness and vanity ; a blameless and pathetic figure, who is tried like Job by undeserved misfortune. He and his family, a group of simple, rustic characters, drawn with dehcate touches of eccentricity, make an idyllic picture of affectionate family concord — a picture tinged with a regretful longing that often breaks out into poetry. The idyll is rudely disturbed by the villainy of a seducer ; troubles come tliick and fast, but after sounding the depths of affliction all are restored to happiness and prosperity in the end. The Vicar was drawn from Goldsmith's father, and doubtless some of the other characters were sketched from EIGHTEENTH CENTURY, SECOND HALF old acquaintances. Goldsmith's style is the perfection of classical English. [Edited by Austin Dobson (Parchment Lib.), 6s., Paul; with memoir by D. Masson, is., Macmillan, 1883; (Pocket Lib.), is., Routledge (75c., Dutton, New York) ; edited by M. Macmillan, 2S. 6d., Macmillan; (Temple Classics), is. 6d. n.. Dent (45c. n., Dutton, New York), 1897 ; (World's Classics), is. n. (40c.), Frowde, 1901 ; (Everyman's Lib.), is. n.. Dent (35c. n., Dutton, New York), 1908. Illustrated Edns.: illus. by Hugh Thomson, 3s. 6d. ($1.50). Macmillan, 1890 ; the same. Pocket Edn., 2S. n. (80c.), id., 1902 ; with 12 coloured plates by F. D. Bedford, 4s. 6d. n.. Dent ; with 32 illustrations by W. M. Mulready (reproduced), 2s. 6d., Sands, 1902 ; with 24 col. plates by Thos. Rowlandson (reproduced), 3s. 6d. n.,. Methuen, 1903 ; with 10 illustrations by Tony Johannot (reproduced), 3s. n., Methuen,, 1903 ; with 13 facs. coloured illustrations by J. M. Wright, 7s. 6d. n., roy. 8vo, Black, 1903 ; with 25 coloured illustrations by C. E. Brock, 5s. n., Dent ($2, Dutton, New York),. 1904 ; with illustrations by F. S. Coburn, 6s. u. ($1.50), Putnam, 1910. Facsimile Repr. of ist edn., 2 vols., 15s., Stock, 1885 : o.p.] Graves or Greaves, Richard. The Spiritual Quixote ; or, The Summer's Ramble of Mr. Geoffry Wildgoose : a comic romance. 1772 Like Smollett's Launcelot Greaves, a clumsy satire on the Don Quixote plan, the young Oxonian Wildgoose adopting Methodism and perambulating Gloucestershire and Somerset with his trusty Sancho, Jeremiah Tugwell, the cobbler. Episodes in the conventional novelistic style are tacked on, and there are interesting denunciations of contemporary follies in manners and dress. Graves was rector of Claverton, near Bath, [o.p.] Hartley House. Calcutta : a Novel of the days of Warren Hastings. 1789' The author of this novel has never been discovered. It was of some note in its day, and throws- hght on the Anglo-Indian Society of the period. [Reprinted from the edn. of 1789. With notes by J. Macfarlane, Thacker, Calcutta, 7s. 6d. n.] HoLCROFT, Thomas [1745-1809]. Anna St. Ives. 1792^ Hugh Trevor. . 1794-7 Holcroft was the most intransigent of the philosophic radicals. These were among the earhest of many propagandist novels animated by the creed of Rousseauism, expounding revolu- tionary principles of government and social organization, attacking law, property, and the class system. The first paints an ecstatic picture of mankind living in Utopian bhss, sans government, sans laws, and, above all, sans property. Frank Henley is the representa- tive of pristine virtue, Uke Bage's Hermsprong. The second story gives the alternative picture and is unsparing in violent contrasts. Cf. Godwin's novels (above), [o.p.] Inchbald, Ehzabeth [1753-1821]. A Simple Story. 1791 A pleasing example of the novel of sensibiUty. A coquettish girl, whose foolishness is charged' against the old boarding-schools and their obsolete methods of education, marries her guardian, a Catholic priest, after tormenting him with her caprices. She is unfaithful and dies in misery, leaving a legacy of misfortune to her daughter. Mrs. Inchbald wrote bad plays for the stage, and there is a theatrical manner about this one successful novel of hers- that is curious but not unpleasing. [2s. 6d., Routledge, 1884, o.p. ; with Nature and Art, los., DelaRue, 1880 ; withintrod. byG. L. Strachey (Oxford Library of Prose and Poetry) , 2S. 6d. n., Frowde, 1908.] Nature and Art. 179& A formal exhibition of the defects of our accepted system of social morahty, contrasting the characters of two cousins, one educated in a deanery, the other imbibing the truths of nature (according to Rousseau's creed) on an island inhabited by savages. Contains one scene of extreme pathos, where a girl is condemned to death by the man who seduced her. [Cassell's National Library, 6d., 1886.] Johnson, Dr. Samuel [1709-84]. Rasselas, Prince of Abyssinia. 1759 A lay sermon on " the Vanity of Human Wishes," written when Johnson was in profound sorrow for the death of his mother; the most majestic example of his prose. Belongs to the philosophic meditations on human destiny, in the form of allegory, dialogue, or fable, in which the periodical writers loved to indulge. The Prince escapes from his Happy Valley in quest of deeds worthy of his powers, but returns to his paradise again with a sager acceptance of man's limitations. [Edited by G. Birkbeck Hill, with introduction and notes, 4s. 6d. ($1), 2S. (50c.), 3s. 6d., Clarendon Press, 1887 ; (Ariel Booklets), 75c., Putnam, New York; (New Universal Lib.), is. n., Routledge (50c., Dutton, New York), 1905. Facsimile Reprint of 1st edn., 2 vols., 15s., Stock, 1884 : o.p.] 19 ENGLISH FICTION Johnstone, Charles [c. lyig-c. 1800]. Chrysal; or, The Adventures of a Guinea. 1760-5 Not a novel in the proper sense, but a disguised chronicle of contemporary events loosely strung together on the autobiography of a guinea as it passes from hand to hand. John- stone's plan had been adopted already in the adventures of the halfpenny and the shilling in Richard Bathurst and Addison's stories in The Adventurer and The Tatler. The present edition gives a key to most of the characters, which include General Wolfe and Miss Lowther (afterwards Duchess of Bolton), the Countess of Yarmouth (mistress of George II), Frederick the Great, Ferdinand of Brunswick, Byng, Chatham, Whitefield, Sandwich, Henry Fox, Lord George Sackville, Charles Churchill, Bute, Sir Francis Dashwood, Wilkes, Bubb Dodington and the other members of the Hell-fire Club (for which this is the principal document), Dr. John Hill, the famous quack, Foote, and many other leading people. The most notorious episodes of contemporary history are dished up by Johnstone in a very prejudiced and scurrilous way ; but the.book has many good points, such as its incisive portraiture, and throws light on public opinion at the time of its writing. An earlier novel of the same kind was The History of Pompey the Little, or the Life and A dventures of a Lap-dog (1751), and later there were The Adventures of a Black Coat (1760), The Ad- ventures of a Bank-note (1770), The Life and Adventures of a Cat (1781), The Adventures of a Rupee (1782), Memoirs of a Flea (1785), etc. [Chrysal, edited with introduction by E. A. Baker (Library of Early Novelists), 6s. n., Routledge (?2, Dutton, New York), 1907.] Lee, Sophia. The Recess. 1783-6 One of the earUest English historical novels, interesting now as a curious reUc of literary history. The heroine is an imaginary daughter of Mary Queen of Scots and the Duke of Norfolk. [6 vols.: o.p.] Leland, Rev. Thomas [1722-85, probably the author]. Longsword, Earl of Salis- bury : an Historical Romance. 1762 Leland wrote a History of Ireland from the Invasion of Henry II (1768). Longsword is the earliest historical romance produced by the first stirrings of romanticism — ^it came out in the year of Macpherson's Ossian. It is a Waverley novel in the germ — a picturesque romance of feudal times, poor in execution, but not without promise in its crude sketches of splendid dramatic scenes, [o.p.] Lennox, Charlotte [n^e Ramsay, daughter of Lieut.-Govemor of New York ; 1720-1804]. The Female Quixote ; or, The Adventures of Arabella. 1752 An imitation of Cervantes. Arabella's mental nutriment has been romances of the ScudSry type, and thence she has got all her ideas of life. In every stranger she sees a knight- errant, and romantic adventures in the most trivial events, herself committing extravagant follies until restored to reason by the sermons of her friends, when she marries a worthy man. [o.p.] Lewis, IMatthew Gregory [1775-1818]. Ambrosio ; or, The ]\Ionk. 1795 A Gothic tale of terror that differs from the Radcliffian type in being unsentimental and not attempting to explain away the supernatural horrors. A coarse melodrama — Ambrosio is an abaiidoned monk whose licentious crimes meet their due in his being carried oflf by the devil. Lewis also translated from the German The Bravo of Venice, 1804. [Cassell's Nat. Lib., 3d., cloth, 6d., 1886 ; ed. E. A. Baker (Lib. of Early Novelists), 6s. n., Rout- ledge (|2, Dutton, New York), 1907.] Mackenzie, Henry [1745-1831]. Man of Feeling. 1771 An attempt to rival the fashionable sentimentality of Steme. A disjointed story ; the hero a shy, sentimental youth, absolutely faultless ; the heroine correspondingly superfine. He dies of joy when she admits she loves him. His various experiences of life are set forth in scenes of laboured pathos ; the characters ideaUzed so far that the reader's sym- pathy is even for thieves and courtesans. [2s. 6d. n.. Dent ($1, Macmillan, New York), 1893 ; Cassell's Nat. Lib., 6d., 1886.] The Man of the World. 1773 Less irregular in structure as a novel, having a complicated plot. Intrigue, gambling, seduction, robbery, Newgate, an infamous baronet, etc., the ordinary novelistic stock-in-trade, dealt with, however, from the pathetic standpoint and without the fashionable impropriety, [o.p.] EIGHTEENTH CENTURY, SECOND HALF Mackenzie, Henry (continued). — Julia de Roubign^. 1777 A novel in letters which Talfourd. Christopher North, and Allan Cunningham thought highly of for its pathos ; comparatively brief. The French heroine marries an elderly suitor to help her distressed father, and then her first love reappears. The husband out of jealousy poisons her, and afterwards learning her innocence puts an end to himself. All these novels were published anonymously, [o.p.] Moore, Dr. John [1730-1803]. Zeluco : Various Views of Human Nature. ,1786 A didactic novel reflecting on the education of youth. Zeluco, the lurid villain, and his perse- cuted and engaging wife Laura are a pair of stock characters of conventional fiction, like the two Scots, Whig and Jacobite, who fight a duel over the reputation of Mary Queen of Scots, [o.p.] Paltock, Robert [probably the author]. The Life and Adventures of Peter Wilkins. 1751 An imitation of Robinson Crusoe and Gulliver's Travels. Wilkins is carried in a boat to a strange land, " back of beyond," where he lives in solitude till he finds there are human inhabitants who can fly. One of them, a winged woman, falls into his hands, and lives with him as his wife. [Facsimile Repr., ed. A. H. BuUen, 2 vols., los. 6d., Reeves and Turner, 1884, o.p. ; 6d., 8vo, Dicks, 1890 (very badly printed).] Radcliffe, Anne [n^e Ward ; 1764-1823]. The Castles of Athlin and Dunbayne : a Highland Story. _ 1789 A sham historical novel mixing up baronial and highland life on the north-east coast of Scot- land with the courtly and chivalrous society of Gothic romance. Clan revenge provides the plot interest, [o.p.] Mrs. Radcliffe is of great importance in the history of romantic literature. She laid her plots in remote periods, and in countries she had never seen, thus avoiding any responsibility to fact. Picturesque ruins, distant mountains, forest-shrouded landscapes are described with rich but monotonous colour, in a semi-lyrical style. The scenic glamour prepares the reader for sensational occurrences that conjure up feelings of awe and terror ; but in the sequel she invariably dispels our apprehensions by some commonplace explanation of her ghosts and other mysteries, [o.p.] A Sicilian Romance. 1790 A wicked marquis locks his wife up in his castle on the north coast of Sicily and marries again. Groans are heard from mysterious doors and ghostly figures appear. Ultimately his children liberate their mother, and retribution falls on the criminals. Date about 1580. Ideal descriptions of scenery give space and amplitude to the incidents, [o.p.] The Romance of the Forest. 1791 A sequestered ruin of an abbey, a nefarious marquis and a poetical heroine, a murder, a mysterious skeleton, and eloquent word-pictures of the Alps of Savoy. About the same date. [6d., Routledge (1877), 1882; ed. D. Murray Rose (Half-forgotten Books), 2S., Routledge ($1, Dutton, New York), 1904.] The Mysteries of Udolpho. 1794 Centres in a gloomy castle in the Apennines, the haunt of brigands, where the heroine is im- mured by a sinister Italian. Haunted chambers and a mystic veil play blood-curdling parts among the horrors. The idyllic scenes interspersed might have been imagined by Rousseau. The Pjrrenees, the Alps, Venice, and the Apennines supply an harmonious environment. Date about 1580-90. [is., Routledge, 1878; ed. D. Murray Rose (Half- forgotten Books), 2S., Routledge ($1, Dutton, New York), 1903.] The Italian ; or. The Confessional of the Black Penitent. 1797 The plot is a young noble's love for a penniless orphan, and the unscrupulous efforts of his mother and of a demoniac villain, Schedoni, to thwart it. Attempted assassinations, the abduction and imprisonment of the heroine in a ghastly dungeon, the terrors of the Inquisition and perilous escapes provide the requisite sensations. Naples and the coast are the theme of the scenic rhapsodies. Date about 1764. [6d., Routledge (1877), 1884, 2S., id. : both o.p.] ENGLISH FICTION Reeve, Clara [i 738-1 803]. The Old English Baron. 1777 First entitled The Champion of Virtue ; a very early and crude attempt to give a real historical setting to the Gothic romance by embodying the events of the Wars of the Roses (1455-85). It is a representation of contemporary life and manners, with an admixture of super- natural incident by which a murder is discovered and an heir restored to his estates. [Cassell's National Lib., 6d. With Walpole's Castle of Otranto, 6d., Warne, 1872 ; with the same, illus. with etchings, 7s. 6d., 8vo, Nimmo, 1883 : o.p.] Roger de Clarendon. 1793 A dull novel made up from her reading in Smollett's History of England, stiffened with material from Froissart and Holinshed. [o.p.] Roche, Regina Maria [1765-1845]. The Children of the Abbey. 1796 Rather a famous example of the end of the eighteenth century romantic school founded by Mrs. RadcUffe. " Extremely sentimental, mysterious, and improbable, but with interest well sustained and much sympathy, at high pressure, with virtue in distress" (lies). The lady was Irish, and places like Dublin, Enniskillen, Bray, are mentioned ; but the local colour is nil. [25., Routledge : o.p.] Sheridan, IVErs. Frances [^tde Chamberlaine, 1724-66]. Memoirs of Mrs. Sydney Biddulph. 1761 Written in opposition to the theory of poetic justice. " Every affliction is accumulated on the innocent heroine, in order to show that neither prudence nor foresight, nor the best dispositions of the human heart, are sufficient to defend from the evils of life" (Dunlop). The Abb6 Prevost adapted the story sub tit. Memoires pour servir A I'Histoire de la Vertu : Extraits du Journal d'une Dame (1762). [o.p.] Smith, Charlotte [fUe Turner ; 1749-1806]. Ethelinde ; or. The Recluse of the Lake, 1789 The heroine's troubles in losing her lover and being persecuted by the attentions of a married man, all finally removed by the lover's unexpected reappearance, are the pith of this senti- mental story. Grasmere and the Lake mountains furnish the setting. [5 vols. : o.p.] The Old Manor House. 1793 The most prominent figure is a proud and autocratic old lady owning vast estates in the south of England — a very complete portrait drawn without satire. The destination of the property and the loves and adventures of the hero, who ultimately inherits, are the prin- cipal matters. He is engaged in the American War of Independence. [4 vols. : o.p.] Other novels by her are : Emmeline, or the Orphan of the Castle [4 vols., 1788] ; Celestina [4 vols., 1791] ; Desmond (favouring the spirit of the French Revolution), [3 vols., 1792] ; The Banished Man [4 vols., 1795] ; Montalbert [3 vols., 1795] ; The Young Philosopher [4 vols., 1798]. [All o.p.] Smollett, Tobias George [1721-71]. The Adventures of Roderick Random. 1748 A string of picturesque adventures in the comic style of Cervantes and Le Sage, but more realistic, composed largely of personal reminiscences, particularly of the disastrous ex- pedition to Cartagena (1741). Smollett has never been surpassed in a certain kind of coarse, graphic realism, seasoned with an hilarious spirit of low comedy, and caricature of people he knew in the flesh. His savage satire and inexhaustible invective produced many figures that have no semblance of life, and also such wonderful grotesques as Captain Bowhng, Commodore Trunnion, Lieut. Hatchway, and the boatswain Tom Pipes. [Ed. G. Saintsbury, 3 vols., f'cap 8vo, 7s. 6d. n., Gibbings, 1895 ; (Bohn's Lib.), 3s. 6d., Bell ($1 n., Macmillan, New York), 1895 ; 2 vols., 8vo, los., Routledge ($4, Button, New York); 3s. 6d., 2S., cr. 8vo, Routledge (I1.50, $1, Button, New York).] The Adventures of Peregrine Pickle ; in which are included the Memoirs of a Lady of Quality. 1751 Into this second novel he worked the same kind of material, adding a larger proportion of imaginary details. Peregrine's schooling, his courtships (with most unsavoury interludes), his travels and amorous exploits on the Continent and in London, make a humorous, but unedifying, story. The realism is Hogarthian ; the caricature, it has been said — but this is only a superficial impression — gives us comic beasts rather than men. [2 vols. (Bohn's EIGHTEENTH CENTURY, SECOND HALF Lib.), 7s., Bell ($2 n., Macmillan, New York), 1895 ; ed. G. Saintsbury, 4 vols., f cap 8vo, los. n., Gibbings, 1895 ; 2 vols., 8vo, los., Routledge ($4, Dutton, New York) ; 3s. 6d., 2s., cr. 8vo, Routledge ($1.50, ?i, Dutton, New York).] Smollett, Tobias George (continued). — The Adventures of Ferdinand, Count Fathom. 1753 Somewhat resembles the Jonathan Wild of Fielding. It is the history of an unmitigated • scoundrel, offspring of a repulsive old camp-follower. In his adventures and misdeeds, the broad comedy is superseded by a romantic, or rather Gothic, handling of mysterious and blood-curdling incident. [Ed. G. Saintsbury, 2 vols., f'cap 8vo, 5s. n., Gibbings, 1895 ; 5s., 8vo, Routledge ($2, Dutton, New York).] Adventures of Launcelot Greaves. 1762 A clumsy imitation of Don Quixote. Sir Launcelot, a rustic squire, rambles about the country as a redresser of grievances, and has an absurd rival in the novice Captain Crowe. Like Smollett's other novels, full of scurrilous satire of everything and everybody. [With Adventures of an Atom, 5s., 8vo, Routledge ($2 , Dutton, New York).] The Expedition of Humphry Clinlier. I77^ Written while he was dying — a riper book, more restrained, yet stiU pungent enough in its satire. The travels and observations of a Welsh family, a group of deUghtful oddities, through England, Scotland, and Wales. The sarcastic descriptions of towns and peoples are doubly comic from being in letters written by the different characters, with absurdly incompatible points of view. Parodies the language and manners of the Methodists. The Scottish portion is particularly familiar and racy, dealing with the scenes of Smollett's younger days. [Ed. G. Saintsbury, 2 vols., 5s. n., f'cap 8vo, Gibbings, 1896 ; (Bohn's Lib.), 3s. 6d., Bell ($1 n., Macmillan, New York), 1895 ; 5s., 8vo, Routledge ($2, Dutton, New York) ; 3s. 6d., 2s., cr. 8vo, Routledge ($1.50, $1, Dutton, New York).] Sterne, Laurence [1713-68]. The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gent. 1759-67 A long and eccentric novel in which the author plays incessant jokes with the order and method of his narrative — the whimsical masterpiece of an inveterate jester. Tristram's father and uncle Toby are the figures on which the eye is chiefly focussed ; and with Dr. Slop, Corporal Trim, Mrs. Shandy and Yorick, make an extraordinary and inimitable group of characters, humorous idealisms of a rare kind infinitely surpassing any caricature or burlesque. A medley of burlesque and random drollery, satirical sporting with human virtues and foibles, philosophical digressions, with little unity or plot. Sterne's pecuUar sentimentality is unique, though many writers have tried to copy it, e.g. Mackenzie and Xavier de Maistre. [Edited by G. Saintsbury, 3 vols., 7s. 6d. n., Dent, 1894; •with Sentimental Journey, 2 vols. (Temple Classics), 3s. n.. Dent (45c. n., Dutton, New York), 1899; (New Universal Lib.), is. n., Routledge (50c., Dutton, New York), 1906; (Pocket Lib.), is., Routledge (75c., Dutton, New York). Illustrated Editions : illus. by T. H. Robinson, 3s. 6d., Chatto (1902), 1907 ; illus. by E. H^douin, 2S. 6d. n., Gibbings, 1903 ; illus. by E. Hopkins, los. 6d. n., 4to, Williams and Norgate, igio.] A Sentimental Journey through Fremce and Italy. 1768 Sterne himself is the traveller, and the journey with its incidents (many of which are not very chaste) is a vehicle for his sentimental moralizing on the absurdities, the elusive humour, and the pathos of human life, An admirable specimen of his style, and on the whole more pleasing to the non-esoteric reader than the more freakish and grotesque Tristram Shandy. [Edited by George Saintsbury, 2s. 6d. n.. Dent, 1894 ; ed. A. W. Pollard, 2 vols. ($3, 8vo, Macmillan, New York) ; with Tristram Shandy, 2 vols. (Temple Classics), 3s. n., Dent (90c. n., Dutton, New York), 1899 ; ed. H. Morley, is., Routledge (35c. n., Dutton, New York), 1886; (World's Classics), is. n. (40c.), Clarendon Press, 1903. Illustrated by Harry Fumiss, 2 vols., 5s. n., Gibbings, 1903.] Walpole, Horace, Earl of Orford [1717-97]. The Castle of Otranto. 1764 A famous example of the Gothic romance of mystery and terror. Its extravagant events are supposed to occur in Italy in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, but the historical setting is quite imaginary. Manfred, a tyrannical baron, his iU-used wife and beautiful daughter, with a gigantic apparition that haunts the castle, are the puppets in the tragedy. Important in the history of the romantic revival, but not more important than the Rev. Thos. Leland's Longsword, an Historical Romance, of two years earlier, which, however, is hardly readable now. [Cassell's Nat. Lib., 6d. ; with Reeve's Old English Baron, see p. 22.] 23 ENGLISH FICTION White, James [d. 1799]. Earl Strongbow; or, The History of Richard de Clare and the Beautiful Geralda. 1789 The Adventures of John of Gaunt. 1790 The Adventures of Richard Coeur de Lion. 1791 Examples of the dull rehash of historical events which did duty just before the romantic revival for historical fiction. The author of Falstaff's Letters was another James White, perhaps a relative. [All o.p.] NINETEENTH CENTURY, FIRST QUARTER— 1801-Z825 Austen, Jane [1775-1817]. Sense and Sensibility. 1811 A study of character and manners in a very delicate, precise, miniature style ; the characters just everyday people, drawn as they are without exaggeration ; the minute difierences of human nature delicately pencilled ; the satire directed against mere commonplace foolishness, conceit, and vulgarity, rather than vice or eccentricity. In truth, the social failings and personal foibles are self-revealed rather than satirized, and make spontaneous comedy. In the comparison of the two sisters there may be implied an ironical criticism of the sentimentalists of the school of Richardson, etc. One is Judgment, self-control, sanity ; the other Imagination, feeling, sentimentality : the very different course of their respective love affairs points the moral. Northdnger Abbey was written before this. Pride and Prejudice. 1813 A priggish lover and a high-spirited girl are brought together at last, in spite of antipathy, by the natural growth of esteem. But the interest of passion and plot is a small thing with Miss Austen compared with the observation of character and humour, making foibles and vulgar selfishness a perfect deMght to the reader — ^take, e.g., the selfish father, Mr. Bennet, the absurd clerical toady Mr. Collins, Mrs. Bennet the anxious mother, and even the failings of the too exalted heroine. Mansfield Park. 1814 Brings into comparison and contrast the several ranks in the upper middle class, by means of the different marriage unions of three sisters. All three are selfish in different ways ; and their families make an interesting series of nicely differentiated characters. There is some pathos tempering the comedy, and the comedy is not without its serious side, which shows the ordinary trivial-seeming events of domestic life in their true importance. A quiet love story, as usual, runs through the fabric. Emma. 1816 The heroine, a pretty, wilful girl of sterUng character, whose rage for matchmaking and aptitude for mistakes bring herself and her friends into many scrapes, foi: which she often suffers. Amiable egotists, harmless fools, conceited flirts, and sentimental maidens make excellent comedy. ■ Northanger Abbey. 1818 Though not pubUshed until 1818, this was really Miss Austen's first attempt at novel-writing. Begun as a burlesque of Mrs. Radcliffe, it developed into the genre which was to be pecu- liarly Jane Austen's — the portrayal in sober and faithful tints of the quiet middle-class life she knew ; the satire restrained, the comedy all-pervasive. The heroine is a girl in the first innocent bloom of youth, whose entry into life is attended by the collapse of many illusions. Persuasion. 1818 A tender, wistful tale, more of a love story than is Miss Austen's wont, with a vein of refined pathos, though the issue is happy. Anne Eliot parts from her lover, but after years of absence he returns, old love reasserts its sway, and they marry. Lady Susan ; The Watsons. 1871 The former is a novelette in letters, supposed to have been written early ; never published by the authoress. The subject, an unpleasant sort of intrigue, is uncharacteristic, and Prof. Goldwin Smith rightly calls the book a mere exercise. The Watsons also is a mere fragment, the beginning of a thoroughly characteristic study of family life in a country town ; provincial vulgarity and the revulsion which a cultivated girl feels on coming back to a homely and ill-mannered family are the principal themes. 24 NINETEENTH CENTURY, FIRST QUARTER [Novels in 5 vols. (Northanger Abbey and Persuasion in i vol.). Each with an introduction by Austin Dobson and iUus. by Hugh Thomson or C. E. Brock (Macmillan's 111. Standard Novels), each 2s. 6d. ($1.50), cr. 8vo, Macmillan (1895-8) 1900-2; (Pocket Edn.), f'cap 8vo, each 2S. n. (80c.), Macmillan; 1902 ; (Everyman's Lib.), each is. n.. Dent (35c. n., Dutton, New York), 1906 ; (Steventon Edn.), each 2s., cr. 8vo, Routledge (75c., Button, New York), 1898-9. In 8 vols. (Temple Classics), each in 2 vols., except Northanger Abbey and Persuasion, each vol. is. 6d. n.. Dent (45c. n., Dutton, New York), 1899. In 6 vols. (EngUsh Idylls), with coloured illus. by C. E. Brock, each 5s. n., 8vo, Dent ($2, Dutton, New York), 1907-9. Works, 10 vols., 60s. n., cr. 8vo, Chatto, 1908 ; 5 vols. (Bentley's Favourite Novels), each 6s., cr. 8vo, Macmillan, 1882. Lady Susan and The Watsons in I vol., 6s., Macmillan, o.p. ; 75c., Little and Brown, Boston, 1892.] Barrett, Eaton Stannard [1786-1820]. The Heroine ; or, The Adventures of Cherubina. 1813 A burlesque attack on the blood-curdUng romances fashionable at the time. Cherubina is . crazed by reading these, disowns her yeoman father, adopts a high-flown name, and has many mirthful adventures in London and in a deserted castle, where she tries to establish herself with a retinue of attendants. Barrett was an Irish poet. [With introduction by Walter Raleigh (Oxford Lib. of Prose and Poetry), 2S. 6d. n. (90c.), Clarendon Press, 1909.] Edgeworth, Maria [i 767-1849]. The Parent's Assistant. 1796 Simple tales, with very obvious morals, adapting her father's maxims to the understanding of children. A famous book in its way, containing among the rest Simple Susan, The Purple Jar, and Lazy Laurence. [is. 6d. n., Routledge ($1, Dutton, New York). Illustrated hj Chxis Hammond, 2s. 6d. ($1.50), Macmillan (1897), 1898, Pocket Edn. 2s. n. (80C.), id., 1903 ; illus. by Speed, 3s. 6d., Bell, 1890.] Castle Rackrent. 1800 A novel of much higher pretensions, giving us, in the annals of an Irish house, an immortal picture of the broken-down gentry. The character-portraits of Sir Condy and the other squireens and their retainers, and the anecdotes of boisterous, irresponsible life, put into the mouth of an old servitor who is himself a character, are manifestly the work of an intimate observer. [(Ariel Booklets), 75c. (is. 5d. n.), 32mo, Putman, 1906. With The Absentee, illustrated by Chris Hammond, 2s. 6d. ($1.50), Macmillan (1895), 1898 ; Pocket Edn., 2s. n. (80c.) id., 1903.] Belinda. 1801 Essentially didactic, embodying her ideas on woman's sphere and duties and on moral phil- osophy in general. More of a novel than the foregoing, yet manifestly constructed to show off certain contrasts of character — Belinda, the ideal of maidenhood and womanly good sense, the fast Society woman who chaperons her, the profligates and fatuous beaux, the admirable wife and mother, the burlesque assertor of woman's rights, ,and the girl, brought up like a hothouse flower, who goes to the bad. [3s. 6d., Routledge, 1893. Illus- trated by Chris Hammond, 2S. 6d. ($1.50), Macmillan (1897) ; 2 vols. 5s. n.. Dent, 1893 ; 1898, Pocket Edn., 2S. n. (80c.), id., 1903.] The Absentee. 1801 Exposes in all its ill-consequences one of the rankest abuses of Irish landlordism. ; Lord Clombrony, though fond of Ireland, is an absentee because his vulgar wife hankers after fashionable life in " Lon'on " ; the tenants meanwhile are left to the rapacity of dis- honest agents, and the estate goes to ruin. Shows up the hoUowness of Society life, and satirizes the contemporary fop, the empty-headed soldier, fortune-hunters male and female, and slaves of fashion hving beyond their means. A kindlier humour is lavished on Larry, the postilion. Sir Terence O'Fay, the good-natured and witty hanger-on, and that fine Irish gentleman. Count O'Halloran. Written originally as a play. [2s. 6d. n.. Dent, 1893; (v. also Castle Rackrent); $1.50, Routledge, New York; 25c., Harper, New York.] — Popular Tales. 1803 Depicts the rustic world, farm Ufe, fields, cottage children, and quiet unstirred by great events. Simple themes and simple language, child-like characters and the patent moral, , make these taleS specially suitable for the young (e.g. Lame Jervas, The Limerick Gloves, The Lottery, To-morrow, Out of Debt out of Danger). [Illustrated by Chris Hammond, 2s. 6d. ($1.50), Macmillan, Pocket Edn., 2s. n. (80c.), id., 1903.] 25 ENGLISH FICTION Edgeworth, Maria {continued). — Leonora. 1806 Written to confute Madame de Stael's Delphine with its advanced views on women. [2s. 6d. n.. Dent, 1893.] Tales of Fashionable Life. 1809 Exposes the frivolity, extravagance, and worthlessness of Society people, and extols common- sense. Thronged with fine ladies, who flirt and gad about in male attire, either going to the bad irretrievably or becoming reformed. Ennui is the empty life of a voluptuary, wearily striving to satisfy his mind with pleasure, and his tragic awakening. The un- thrifty but genial Ufe of the Hibernian peasant furnishes the human contrasts. [4 vols., 8s., Routledge, o.p. ; Ennui, 2s. 6d. n.. Dent, 1893.] Vivian. 1809 The sad career of a vain, weak man, who with the best intentions in the world manages to ruin himself, lose the girl he loves, run away with a fashionable woman, and marry a lady he does not care for. One of the novels that Sir Walter Scott praised in a memorable' saying. [2s. 6d. n.. Dent, 1893.] Patronage. 1814 A typical example of moralistic fiction, its merits and defects ; self-reliance the thesis. The chief characters are accentuated types of good and bad principles, and each gets his deserts. Two of the characters are fine and lifelike. Lord Oldborough, a haughty and ambitious minister, and Buckhurst Falconer, a warm-hearted but unstable man, whose moral decadence moves compassion. Hardly an Irish character in the book, which accordingly lacks her usual vivacity, and is, moreover, very long. [2 vols., 7s., Rout- ledge, 1893, o.p. ; 2 vols., 5s. n.. Dent, 1893.] Harrington. 1817 Task work, written as an apology for the Jews, in response to a Jewish lady who reproached her with having made so many Jews ridiculous. [2s. 6d. n.. Dent, 1893.] Ormond. 1817 Contains King Corny (another Sir Condy) and Sir Ulick O'Shane among her oddest and most humorous creations, and some of her gayest and brightest scenes ; the dialogue full of humour and witty drollery. [2s. 6d. n.. Dent, 1893. Illustrated by Carl Schloesser, 2s. 6d. ($1.50), Macmillan; Pocket Edn., 2s. n. (Soc), id., 1903.] Early Lessons ; and Moral Tales. 1822-6 Harry and Lucy {begun early but not completed till 1826) is a moral tale urging children to be their own teachers. Frank and Rosamund contains a certain allowance of entertainment with a full measure of edification. [Each 2s., is., Routledge ($1, Dutton, New York).] Helen. 1834 A poor story with good character studies, written after her father's death, and so without his wonted counsel and encouragement. The moral aim is to show what social troubles arise from addiction to fibs and " white lies." [3s. 6d., Routledge, 1893, o.p. ; Illus- trated by Chris Hammond, 2s. 6d. {$1.50), Macmillan, Pocket Edn., 2s. n. (80c.), id., 1903 ; 2 vols., 5s. n.. Dent, 1893.] Ferrier, Susan Edmondstone [1782-1854]. Marriage. 1818 A rambling, ill-constructed novel, which, however, attains its main object, that is, to bring out contrasts of manners and character, the sharpest opposition being between the young lady, a spoilt child of English fashionable life, who elopes with the son of a Highland laird and is brought to live in his uncouth home, and the set of originals she finds there, rough, honest, overflowing with fussy kindness, and with humours that delight the reader but disgust the heroine. The Inheritance. 1824 Here Miss Ferrier manages her plot better, but the comedy of manners is of the same com- plexion. An heiress is all but ousted from her inheritance, is deserted by her mercenary lover, but marries the right one. The real entertainment, however, is not in the story but in the highly original examples of Scottish character, eccentrics, vulgarians, senti- mental misses, a pompous and loquacious lord, specimens of county Society, a nabob and his family, and the writer's masterpiece, the indefatigable gossip and busybody. Miss Pratt. 26 NINETEENTH CENTURY, FIRST QUARTER Ferrier, Susan Edmondstone {continued). — Destiny ; or, The Chief's Daughter. 1831 Rather a falling ofE from the other two. The plot turns on the title to certain estates, and the fortunes of a young lady who eventually marries the rediscovered heir. Sketches of clan and village life, the chief's household and retainers in their faded magnificence, divers satirical portraits, and a fierce caricature of a Presbyterian minister, are in her old style. [Each in i vol., 2s.. Routledge (75c., Dutton, New York) ; edited by R. B. Johnson and illus. by Nelly Erichsen, each work in 2 vols., 5s. n., f'cap 8vo, Dent, 1894.] Galt, John [1779-1839]. The Ayrshire Legatees. 1820 Gait may be described as the earUest Kailyard novelist, if the honour is not more justly Scott's, on the strength of his faithful and humorous pictures of lowland character and racy representation of dialect. This novel, modelled on Humphry Clinker, tells how the Pringle family went to London, saw the " Uons," and what they thought about the pro- ceedings on George Ill's death, and the divorce of Queen Caroline. Displays the same keen relish of mother-wit and goodness, and the same detailed painting of personality as The Annals (written earlier, published later). [Issued with Annals of the Parish in all modem editions.] The Annals of the Parish. 1821 An attempt to rival The Vicar of Wakefield : pictures the characters of an Ayrshire village (1760-1810), from the minister downwards, with raciness, humour, and pathos ; in the form of a journal by the village minister, a kindly old man, whose three wives are drawn at full length. Contains a touching story of an old widow, whose husband is drowned, and who by heroic efforts brings up her family well. The American War and its effects, smuggling, the invasion of utilitarianism and philosophic radicalism, come in for discussion and anecdote. [With The Ayrshire Legatee. With introduction by G. S. Gordon, 2s. 6d. n., Frowde, 1908. Cheap edition, is. n. (New Universal Lib.), pott 8vo, Routledge (50 c, Dutton, New York), 1908 ; $1 (Readable Books), Little and Brown, Boston. Illustrated : 2S. 6d., cr. 8vo, Macraillan, illustrated by H. W. Kerr, 5s. n. 8vo, Foulis, 1910, v. also infra.] The Provost. 1822 The Annals, so to speak, in another edition, by a magistrate who chronicles half a century of life in a Galloway township. He is a shrewd and observant Scot, but less reflective and narrower in outlook than the minister. The cases that come before him, the careers of local unfortunates, village politics, and the jobbery which affords him his little pickings, are his favourite texts, [v. infra.] Sir Andrew Wylie. 1822 A novel of broader humour, not free from coarseness, with a witty character in Sir Andrew. (Lord Sandford is a sketch of Lord Blessington.) [v. infra.] The Entail. 1823 Contains one of the author's most humorous characters, Leddy Grippy, an inimitable Scots- woman, [v. infra.] The Last of the Lairds. 1826 Here Gait paints in his humorous way an old-fashioned set of people, grouped round a de- cayed, ignorant, and empty-headed old laird. Many of them are well endowed with racy individuality ; but a certain talkative and meddlesome Scotswoman is the masterpiece. [Each work, edited by G. S. Meldrum and S. R. Crockett, 2 vols, in i, 3s. 6d., Blackwood (1895), 1899 (2 vols., $2.50, Roberts, Boston, 1896), o.p. ; Novels, 4 vols., 7s. 6d. n., cr. 8vo, Maclaren, 1907.] Gleig, Rev. George Robert [i 796-1888]. The Subaltern. 1825 Less a novel than actual reminiscences of the last stages of the Peninsular War, in which the author (afterwards Chaplain-General of the Forces) served as ensign — the siege of San Sebastian, Pampeluna, St. Jean de Luz (1812-5). [2s., cr. 8vo, 1900, also is. n., i2mo, Blackwood, 1907.] 27 ENGLISH FICTION Hamilton, Elizabeth [1758-1816]. The Cottagers of Glenbumie. 1808 A homely tale, didactic in aim, portraying the lowly life and character of rural Scotland. [is., Simpkin, 1888 : o.p.] Hogg, James [c. 1770-1835]. The Private Memoirs and Confessions of a Fanatic [originally, The Confessions of a Justified Sinner]. 1824 A strange and ghastly novel depicting a man afflicted with religious mania, who believes himself attended and urged into crime by a familiar spirit. He murders various people, among them his brother, and then, accused and about to be convicted of still more heinous offences, commits suicide. Prof. Saintsbury suggests that Lockhart had a principal hand in the book. Hogg figures constantly as one of the principal spokesmen in the Nodes AmbrosiantB. [New edn. sub tit. The Suicide's Grave, 3s. 6d., J. Shiels ($1, Lippincott, Philadelphia), 1895 ■ o-P-] Hope, Thomas [1770-1831]. Anastasius ; or. Memoirs of a Modem Greek. 1819 A faithful picture of Greek and Turkish life in the Levant. Anastasius is a type of the modem Greek as Byron drew him, a thorough rascal, cunning and treacherous. The long and elaborate story of his adventures is fuU of digressions describing manners and ways of life with a Dutch love of detail. Hope was Dutch in origin and a great Eastern traveller, [o.p.] Lockhart, John Gibson [1794-1854]. Valerius. 1821 A classical novel recounting the story of a Romano-Briton's visit to Rome, and the persecu- tions under Trajan (a.d. no). [2s., Blackwood.] Adam Blair. 1822 A gloomy story of insensate passion and remorse ; the protagonists, a Presbyterian minister and Charlotte Campbell, wife of another man. The harvest of retribution is terrible. Blair confesses publicly, and tries to expiate his crime by resigning the pastorate and becoming a farmer. Characters and natural scenery contribute powerfully to the sombre effect. [2s., Blackwood : o.p.] Reginald Dalton. 1823 Oxford undergraduate life ; a tale that has some pathetic touches, but, as a whole, has much of the rollicking and fanciful spirit of the Nodes AmhrosiancB : town and gown riots, a duel, and the like, are characteristic incidents. [2s., Blackwood : o.p.] Maturin, Charles Robert {Irish ; 1782-1824]. Melmoth, the Wanderer. 1820 One of the most powerful of the Gothic romances of mystery and terror which Mrs. Radcliffe, Monk Lewis, Croly, and others made fashionable at the time of the " Revival of Wonder." The motive is the old one of a supernatural compact whereby a man's Ufe is prolonged through centuries. The writer's imagination revels in the mysterious and the horrible, and, unlike Mrs. Radcliffe, leaves his mysteries unexplained. [3 vols., 24s., Macmillan, 1892 : o.p.] MiTFORD, Mary Russell [1787-1855]. Our Village : Sketches of Rural Character and Scenery. 1824-32 A series of essays giving the finest descriptions extant of the natural surroundings, the people, high and low, the manners and customs, festivals — in short, the whole life of a Berkshire village in the first quarter of the nineteenth century. Realistic and pictorial in manner, full of keen and loving observation ; the style polished and repoUshed with exquisite art ; yet purely external and devoid of dramatic interest, but for which deficiency they would challenge comparison with Mrs. Gaskell's Cranford. [3s. 6d., 2S. 6d., Smith and Elder, Pocket Edn., is. 6d., id., 1890; 2 vols. (Bohn's Lib.), 7s., Bell (52 n., Macmillan, New York) ; (Temple Classics), is. 6d. n., Dent (45c. n., Dutton, New York). Illustrated by Hugh Thomson (some coloured) (Cranford Series), 3s. 6d. ($1.50), Macmillan, 1898, Pocket Edn., 2S. n. (80c.), id., 1902; with 25 coloured plates by C. E. Brock, 5s. n., Dent ($2, Dutton, New York), 1904 ; by Hugh Thomson and A. Rawlings, 10s. 6d. n. ($3.50 n.), 4to, Macmillan, 1910.] MooRE, Thomas. The Fudge Family in Paris. 1818 A series of journalistic skits written under the name of Thomas Brown the Younger, inspired by a sojourn of Moore and Rogers in Paris in 1817. [o.p.] ' 28 NINETEENTH CENTURY, FIRST QUARTER Moore, Thomas {continued). — ^The Epicurean. 1827 An essay in the manner of Vathek, supposed to be translated from a Greek manuscript found in Egypt. Supernatural and other adventures of an Epicurean philosopher who embraces Christianity and is persecuted by the Memphian hierarchy. Time, third century, reign of Diocletian. It is really a prose adaptation of his poem Alciphron, afterwards pubUshed along with it. [2s. 6d., Longman, 1864 : o.p.] More, Hannah [1745-1833]. Coelebs in Search of a Wife. 1808 The only readable survivor of a series of didactic stories having little of the art of Miss Edge- worth. Coelebs visits a number of families and inspects the young ladies, the character- sketches and evaluations of personal qualities, humorous exposure of faults and affectations, being the results of his survey. [2s. 66.., James Blackwood, 1879.] Morgan, Lady [Sydney, nSe Owenson; 1778-1859]. The Wild Irish Girl. 1806 A sentimental love-tale by a perfervid girl with a mania for reviving all the ancient tokens of nationality. Glorvina, in whom Lady Morgan's contemporaries discerned much self- portraiture, is the last descendant of a line of Connaught princes, for centuries at feud with the earls who dispossessed them. The heir to the earldom woos her in disguise, and after romantic vicissitudes they are publicly united. [2s., Routledge, o.p. ; Si. 50, Haverty, New York.] O'Donnel. 1814 The impoverished scion of a princely house, intended to typify the heroic virtues of the native aristocracy. A plea for Catholic emancipation ; represents the young Irishmen oppressed by penal laws and driven into foreign service. The hero's career is consum- mated by a fortunate marriage with a dowager-duchess. Much idealized, yet truly Irish, sketches of all ranks ; the society chapters vulgar in tone and full of broad comedy. The governess transformed by marriage into a duchess is the author's own portrait, [is., Downey : o.p.] Florence M'Carthy. 1816 A kidnapped heir asserts his claim to a peerage and estates, and unwittingly woos the romantic Florence, to whom he was betrothed in his youth. Among the comic people, Crawley is memorable as Lady Morgan's caricature of her enemy J. W. Croker. [o.p. ; $1.50, Sadlier, New York.] The O'Briens and the O'Flahertys. 1827 An attempt to imitate Scott's historical romances. The biography of a patriot who after the 1798 tragedy escapes to the Continent, where his career is brilliant, and where he marries the heroine. Scenes of old Irish society, wild landscapes, exciting adventures. Like the others, highly sentimental, and hot for nationalism and Catholic emancipation, [o.p. ; ?i.5o, Haverty, New York.] MoRiER, James Justinian [1780-1849]. The Adventures of Hajji Baba of Ispahan. 1824 Hajji Baba in England [sequel]. 1828 The most brilliant picture we have in English literature of society and manners in Persia, done on the convenient plan of a Spanish rogue-story, by a great traveller and diplomat with an unrivalled knowledge of the people. The sequel relates the comic adventures of a Persian ambassador and his suite in London, and makes capital of the amusing con- trasts between Persian and English customs. The book is a masterpiece of comic Utera- ture, Morier having a wonderful knack for developing choice idiosyncrasies of character. [Former book, 2 vols., 7s., Methuen, 1895 ; 2s., Routledge, 1877. Illustrated: 21s. n., Lawrence and BuUen, 1896, o.p. ; by G. Curzon, 2s. 6d. {ii.50), Macmillan (1895), 1899. Both books in i vol., 6d., Dicks (badly printed).] Opie, Amelia [nee Alderson ; 1769-1853]. The Father and the Daughter. 1801 A somewhat conventional novel characterized by deep and harrowing pathos. A young lady, cruelly betrayed by a libertine, leaves her home and falls into terrible troubles, the culmina- tion of which is the madness and death of her father through gri,ef. [o.p.] 29 ENGLISH FICTION Opie, Amelia [nee Alderson] (continued). — Adeline Mowbray ; or, Mother and Daughter. 1804 The earliest treatment of the now hackneyed theme of the " Woman Who Did " — em- bodies not only the teaching of Mary Wollstonecraft, but the main incidents of her life and her connexion with Godwin. The views of her mother lead Adeline to put into practice extreme views on marriage and morality. She refuses to marry, and lives with her lover until his death, whereupon she meets with persecution and contumely till she dies in great misery. An early problem novel, as acutely pathetic as the former tragic tale. [3 vols., Longman, 1805 : o.p.] Peacock, Thomas Love [1785-1866]. Headlong Hall. 1816 Peacock was a satirist of striking individuality, who parodied the views of contemporary romanticism, Liberal politicians, and progressive thinkers, in absurd dialogues interspersed with exquisite snatches of poetry. His first novel was a Rabelaisian satire on contem- porary men of letters and philosophers, who are pilloried as faddists and their views criticized by the method of reductio ad absurdum. [2s. 6d. n.. Dent, 1801. With Night- mare Abbey, illustrated by Millar, 2S. 6d., Macmillan, 1896.] Melincourt. 1817 A longer satire with more plot, and some likeness to Swift's Gulliver. The mock-hero, a priggish disciple of Rousseau, an anti-slavery enthusiast, etc., prepares a tame monkey. Sir Oran Haut-ton, to enter Parliament. The election for One Vote is a farcical episode, and there is plenty of high jinks and high spirits. Southey, Coleridge, Wordsworth, Canning, etc., are caricatured. [2 vols, 5s. n.. Dent, 1891. Illustrated by Townsend, 2S. 6d., Macmillan, 1896.] Nightmare Abbey. 1818 An amusing farce of great literary interest, caricaturing Byron as Mr. Cypress, Coleridge as Mr. Flosky, and Shelley, in a friendly way, as the misanthropic Scythrop, with his ludicrous entanglement with two girls. Extravagant sketches of contemporary cranks, poets, and mystics, many of them still easy to identify, fill up the canvas. [2s. 6d. n.. Dent, 1891 : see also Headlong Hall.] Maid Marian. 1822 A rollicking version of the Robin Hood legend, with oblique satire on English poUtics and reformers from the Conservative point of view. Melodious songs abound. Planch6 dramatized the tale. [2s. 6d. n.. Dent, 1891. With Crotchet Castle, illus., 2s. 6d., Mac- millan, 1895.] The Misfortunes of Elphin. 1829 His most eccentric novel, a semi-poetical burlesque of ancient Welsh history and legend, and at the same time a covert satire on the Reform Bill agitation, symbolized by the sapping and overthrow of the great sea wall. The sayings and doings of that immortal inebriate Seithenyn are exquisitely humorous, and the war songs, lyrics of love and drinking comprise many of the gems in our anthologies. [2s. 6d. n.. Dent, 1892. With Rhododaphne, a poem, illus. by Townsend, 2s. 6d., Macmillan, 1897.] — Crotchet Castle. 1831 Probably his most famous story, if not his best. Consists of Artstophanic mockery of what he regarded as fads and extravagances. A house-party of crotcheteers and other comic creatures meet and talk. Dr. FoUiott, the jovial athletic parson, the exposer of shams, is, like Seithenyn, Dr. Opimian, and others, a piece of genuine humanism and no mere intellectual butt. [2s. 6d. n.. Dent, 1891 : v. Maid Marian.] Gryll Grange. i860 More of a regular novel than the rest, but the main element is still Aristophanic satire and Conservative criticism of social tendencies. Dr. Opimian, like Dr. FoUiott, makes liberal amends for Peacock's early assaults on the clerical order. [2 vols., 5s. n.. Dent, iSgi. Illustrated hy Tovrnsend, 2s. 6d., Macmillan, 1896.] Novels (complete), in 2 vols., each is. n. (New Universal Lib.), Routledge (each 50c., Button, New York), 1906. 30 NINETEENTH CENTURY, FIRST QUARTER Porter, Anna Maria [1780-1832]. The Hungarian Brothers. 1807 An early and very old-fashioned historical romance of Vienna in 1790-1800. [6d., Wame ; 25c., Lippincott, Philadelphia.] Porter, Jane [1776-1850]. Thaddeus of Warsaw. 1803 Asentimental idyll suggested by the exploits and tragic after-life of Kosciusko. Count Thaddeus Sobieski is a faultless hero of romance, disinterested, valiant, performing mighty deeds in his country's last struggle ; while as a refugee in London, where he lives as a teacher of languages, the unparalleled nature of his misfortunes gives him a mysterious dignity. [Ed. E. A. Baker (Half-forgotten Books), 2S., Routledge, 1905 (75c., Dutton, New York). Illustrated : 3s. 6d., Nisbet, 1892.] The Scottish Chiefs. 1810 A better story though not so famous, founded on Barbour's poem, The Brus, with its heroic story of Wallace and Bruce and the long war of Scottish Independence [c. 1296-1314]. The writer's personal knowledge of the localities strengthens the work. [2s., Routledge. Illustrated by T. H. Robinson, 5s. n.. Dent.] Scott, Sir Walter [1771-1832]. Waverley ; or, Tis Sixty Years Since. 1814 A romance of the Jacobite Rebellion of 1745, begun by Scott in 1805, then laid aside, and in 1814 taken up and finished in three weeks. This, like many of the following tales, was originally published anonymously. Opens in Scotland just before the outbreak, * with scenes of Lowland life at the home of the jocular old baron of Bradwardine ; then the hero makes an excursion into the disaffected Highlands, and is soon plunged into the Jacobite movement. A memorable scene is the famous Holyrood ball. Waverley fights with credit at Prestonpans, accompanies the Highland army in their march to Derby, and returns to Scotland after CuUoden. A tragic and moving episode is the trial and death of the gallant Highland chief, beside whom Waverley has fought throughout the campaign. His own lot is happier, for he marries the baron's daughter, and restores the glory of the Bradwardiues. In germ the Waverley novels were the same kind of thing as Scott's metrical romances, but to the romantic and mediaeval elements they add some- thing of infinitely higher value. Here Scott's knowledge of human nature, his power of creating humorous characters most convincingly true to life, and his command of natural drama find their sphere. His faithful drawing of indigenous Scottish types had a mighty influence upon the progress of reahsm, and compared with this the^ stimulus he gave to Dumas and the romancers is a minor matter. • Guy IMannering ; or, The Astrologer. 1815 The plot very romantic, though the story is said to be founded on facts : the fortunes and misfortunes of an abducted heir. The wild coasts of Galloway are the chief scenes, with trips to Edinburgh and the Border ; and Scott brings in numberless types of native characters such as he had grown familiar with in his youthful peregrinations in search of old ballads and legends. The chivalrous yeoman Dandie Dinmont, the wild, romantic gipsy Meg Merrilies, Dirk Hatteraick, the villainous freetrader. Dominie Sampson, a simple, faithful old tutor who reminds one of Goldsmith, and the witty advocate Counsellor Pleydell are among Scott's most memorable creations. He was at his best the nearer he came to his own time, and this is laid in 1750-70. The Antiquary. 1816 Comes nearer still and deals with life and manners on the east coast of Scotland about 1795. As usual the official personages of the plot are gentry ; but it is in the humble fisherf oik, the picturesque old bedesman Edie Ochiltree, the antiquarian Oldbuck, for whose hobbies and eccentricities Scott had a fellow-feeling, and in the humorous scenes where these figure, that the strength of this great novel is to be looked for. The broader comedy in which the swindling charlatan Dousterswivel is so roughly handled is also very character- istic (cf. Woodstock). The Black Dwarf. 1816 A minor romance grounded on fact, bringing in a hideous and misanthropic recluse, sug- gested by a native of Tweeddale, who was only three and a half feet high, the depredations of freebooters on the Border, and the abortive proceedings of the. Jacobites about the year 1706 when the Rebellion of 1715 was preparing. 3' ENGLISH FICTION Scott, Sir Walter [continued). — Old Mortality. 1816 Perhaps the finest of Scott's properly historical novels, dealing with the outbreak of the Coven- anters in 1679, the skirmish at Drumclog, and the battle of Bothwell Brig. Scott's Tory- sympathies were with the other side, and he presents Grahame of Claverhonse, the scourge of the Covenanters, in a very favourable manner — ^while he lampoons the Presby- terian preachers, e.g. Poundtext. Mucklewrath and the fanatical old woman Mause Headrigg are impressive figures with a strain of madness in them, and the historic Balfour of Hurley is depicted as a victim of religious frenzy. Scott's intimate knowledge of village life in Scotland, and his powers of delineating the characters of humble folk, are freely displayed in this novel. Old Mortality was a venerable enthusiast known to Scott, who got from him much of his material. Rob Roy. 1817 Ultra-romantic, with its captivating heroine Di Vernon, the strange Northumberland house with its mysteries, and the complicated plot, which involves a young Englishman in the troubles of 1715, takes him on an adventurous excursion into Rob Roy's territory, and brings on the scene Rob Roy himself and the theatrical figure of his wife Helen Mac- gregor. The descriptions of Highland scenery about Loch Lomond helped to make Scot- land a tourist district. On the other hand, the Baillie Nicol Jarvie and the canny gardener Andrew Fairservice rank high among the exponents of Scott's rich humour. The Heart of Midlothian. 1818 Opens with an account of the Porteous Riots in Edinburgh (1736) ; but the dramatic interest centres in the misfortunes of a peasant girl, Effie Deans, indicted for the murder of her illegitimate child, and the great heroism of her sister Jeanie, the noblest of Scott's heroines, whose prototype was a certain Helen Walker, who actually walked from Edinburgh to London, as Jeanie does, to obtain her sister's pardon from Queen Caroline. The faithful and kindly pictures of humble life again bear witness to Scott's keen observation of the small farmers, drovers, and other rustic inhabitants of the Lowlands. The crazy Madge Wildfire is another of those wild, grotesque women of whom Meg Merrilies is the type. Among the historical characters introduced are George II's wife Queen Caroline, the Duke of Argyle, and Captain Porteous. The Bride of Lammermoor. 1819 The most tragic of Scott's romances, on which Donizetti's opera Lucia di Lammermoor is based. The last scion of a ruined family and the daughter of his ancestral enemy in possession of the estates fall in love. For a while there is a glimpse of hope and happiness ; but the ambitious mother opposes the match, prophecies and apparitions symbolize the inevitable tragedy, and the romance closes in death and sorrow. The scene is laid in East Lothian, near the sea, about 1695. Caleb Balderstone, the faithful retainer, is one of Scott's humorous creations, and his obstinate care for his unhappy master reUeves the overpowering tragedy. A Legend of Montrose. 1819 A l5rief but thrilling romance, concerned with the Royalists under Montrose in the Highlands in 1645-6, and based on the singular history of the young Earl of Menteith ; the facts much modified for romantic purposes. A wild tribe of Highlanders, the Children of the Mist, enact a sanguinary part in the drama, which embraces among its personages the famous Montrose, the puritan Marquis of Argyle, and other adherents of the King or • the Parliament, and most memorable of all. Captain Dalgetty, a humorous portrayal of a soldier of fortune, which ranks with Scott's finest creations. Compare Scott's idealized version of this episode with Neil Munro's realistic study, John Splendid — ^the other side of the shield. Ivanhoe. 1819 The author's first departure from Scottish themes, and his most popular book. Dictated while he was suffering from illness. A many-coloured picture of mediaeval England at the period when Norman and Saxon had hardly begun to fuse, when the castles were the strongholds of baronial oppressors, and the woods full of outlaws. Brings together some of the most romantic names of the Middle Ages, Coeur de Lion, Roijin Hood, Friar Tuck, AUan-a-Dale, Isaac of York, and Prince John ; the tale of Richard's clandestine home-coming being interwoven with the loves and adventures of a young Saxon knight. The tournament at Ashby-de-la-Zouch, the siege of Front-de-Boeuf's castle, the encounter of Brian de Bois-Gilbert with Ivanhoe, are now classic episodes to be found in many story books. The period is about 1194, and Yorkshire and Leicestershire supply the principal scenes. Historical and chronological matters are handled with much licence. [32 NINETEENTH CENTURY, FIRST QUARTER Scott, Sir Walter {continued). — The Monastery. 1820 The Abbot [sequel]. 1820 Romances of Edinburgh and the Border country in the unsettled period that followed the Scottish defeat at Pinkie. The Monastery of Kennaquhair is Melrose, and most of the earher events occur on Tweedside. A ghost, the White Lady of Avenel, plays a consider- able part, and there is a caricature of an EngUsh courtier talking Euphuism. The whole story covers the period 1550-68, to the fall of Mary Queen of Scots, whose personality is sympathetically and inimitably drawn in the later scenes. The Regent Murray her bastard brother, George Douglas her would-be rescuer, the Earl of Morton, and other famous people take part in the action. The obscure young man who is the hero attends the Queen in Lochleven Castle and is present at the battle of Dumbarton. Kenilworth. 1821 Founded on Mickle's romantic ballad of Cumnor Hall ; the tragic story of Amy Robsart, the martyred wife of Queen Ehzabeth's favourite the Earl of Leicester (1575) : takes great hberties with history and chronology, and scarcely embodies the spirit of the times — the Renaissance, the Elizabethan unrest and enthusiasm. The Queen, Raleigh, Shakespeare, Burleigh, and other Tiistoric persons are introduced, and elaborate descriptions are given of the magnificent palace of Kenilworth and of the revels that celebrated the Queen's visit. Oxfordshire and Warwickshire are the principal scenes. The Pirate. 1821 A romantic version of the career of a pirate executed in 1725, and the scene lies in the Orkney and Shetland Isles, the primitive inhabitants of which are picturesquely described, with their quaint laws and customs two centuries ago. Noma of the Fitful-head is one of those semi-supernatural figures like Meg Merrilies, and Blind Alice in The Bride of Lammermoor, which show Scott's ingrained romanticism. The Fortunes of Nigel. 1822 Life in London and at the Court in the early days of James I (1604) ; with full portraits of the King, Prince Charles, Buckingham, Jingling Geordie, founder of Heriot's Hospital, and other historic personages. " No historical portrait that we possess," says R. H. Hutton, " will take precedence, as a mere portrait, of Scott's brilliant study of James I." The fortune-hunting Scots who followed James to England come in for humorous por- traiture, and the courtiers, fops, servants, park-rangers, and the lawless population of Alsatia or old Whitefriars, the thieves' sanctuary, make up a motley crowd. Nigel is a young Scots nobleman, who, after an adventurous career, marries the daughter of a London watchmaker. Peveril of the Peak. 1823 Has an ultra-romantic plot, in which a supposed deaf mute and a dwarf help defeat the machinations framed to separate hero and heroine. The historical datum is the-bogus conspiracy revealed by Titus Oates : the hero's father is threatened with denunciation. The Peak of Derbyshire, the Isle of Man, and London are the scenes ; and among the per- sonages are Charles II, his favourite the Duke of Buckingham, the Countess of Derby and Queen of Man (whose participation brings in a great deal of Manx lore). Col. Blood, and some of the obscurer ministers of the King's debaucheries. Quentin Durward. 1823 Scott's first romance of continental history. Gives a rich and varied picture of the age when feudalism and chivalry were about to pass away. The chief scenes are in the frontier districts of France and Flanders ; and the MachiaveUian Louis XI, headstrong Charles the Bold, and the rebellious Flemings, with the savage William De la Marck, the Wild Boar of Ardennes, Commines the historian, OUver the barber, Louis' confidant, Galeotti the astrologer. Cardinal Balue, and Lord Crawford, chief of the Scottish Archers, are strongly portrayed. Among the historical incidents are several of the most impressive mise en sc^ne, and the pure romance is absorbing. Quentin Durward made the same sensation abroad as Waverley had made in England. St. Ronan's Well. 1823 Scott's attempt to rival Miss Austen in a comedy of character, manners, and small talk in a rural watering-place, Inverleithen on the Tweed. The plot has a tragic ending, but ° 33 ENGLISH FICTION the strength of the novel is in the humours of such people as the landlady, Meg Dods, who has been described as " one of the very best low-comedy characters in the whole range of fiction." Scott, Sir Walter {continued). — Redgauntlet : a Tale of the Eighteenth Century. 1824 Incorporates many reminiscences of Scott's youth. The scene is Cumberland and the Scottish district bordering on the Solway. The romantic affairs of the Laird of Redgauntlet, his niece and her lover, are interwoven with an abortive Jacobite plot, the most memorable scene of which is the Young Pretender's farewell to Britain. Wandering Willie's Tale, told by one of the characters, has been pronounced the finest short story in the language. The litigious, hard-hearted drunkard, Peter Peebles, is one of Scott's raciest characters. The Betrothed. 1825 This and The Talisman compose the series of Tales of the Crusaders. The scene is Garde Doloureuse, a Norman castle on the Welsh border ; and the motive is first a feud with a Welsh prince, a suitor of the Norman heroine, and then the usurpation of her rights by her lover's kinsman. The Tales were to illustrate the disorders caused by the absence of the Crusaders. Time : reign of Henry II (1187). The Talisman. 1825 A minor work with a feeble romantic plot. Presents, however, an animated picture of the Crusaders in Palestine (1189-92), with vivid portraits of Coeur de Lion and Saladin, who have several picturesque encounters both peaceful and armed, Berengaria, the Arch- duke of Austria, Philip Augustus of France, and the Prince Royal of Scotland, who, disguised as an obscure knight, is the nominal hero. The jealousies and squabbles of the generals of Christendom are comic ; but the most humorous scenes are those between Richard and his faithful old counsellor, the Lord of Gilsland. Woodstock ; or. The Cavalier. 1826 A Royalist picture of the domination of the Parliament. The scene is the royal demesne of Woodstock, to sequestrate which Commissioners have arrived, and are made the butt of . a series of hoaxes, the royal lodge where they have their quarters being haunted by ghostly visitants. The romantic plot has for theme the love of a brave and generous Roundhead for the daughter of the keeper of Woodstock Park ; and his considerate behaviour when Charles comes as a fugitive after Worcester secures him the bride. Desborough, Harrison, Bletson, and Cromwell himself are introduced. Time, 1652 ; but the history quite un- trustworthy. — Chronicles of the Canongate. First Series : The Two Drovers ; The High- land Widow. 1827 The Two Drovers is founded on the actual history of two cattle-dealers, an Englishman and a Scot, bosom friends, who quarrel over a petty difference, and the insulted Highlander stabs his comrade (1795). The Highland Widow is the story of a mother who causes her son to exceed his furlough, with the result that he is shot. — - The Surgeon's Daughter. 1827 A melodramatic story said to be founded on fact. Scenes : Fifeshire and India (1780). — The Fair Maid of Perth ; or, St. Valentine's Day. 1828 Scotland in 1402, the time of Robert III ; a picture full of action and strife, the fierce dis- sensions of nobles, and the feuds of unruly clans. Perth and the vicinity are the scene, and one of the most memorable episodes is the Homeric battle on the South Inch between the Clans Chattan and Quhele. — My Aunt Margaret's Mirror ; The Tapestried Chamber, or The Lady in the Sacque ; and the Death of The Laird's Jock. 1828 The Mirror discloses a husband's infidelity (1702). The Tapestried Chamber is a ghost story; scene, a castle in the West of England (1782). The Laird's Jock is an episode of border strife^— an old warrior dies of shame at witnessing the defeat of his son and the loss of an ancient sword, inherited from his ancestors (period, 1600). 34. NINETEENTH CENTURY, FIRST QUARTER Scott, Sir Walter {continued}. — ^Anne of Geierstein; or. The Maiden of the Mist. iSig- Embodies the story of Charles the Bold, Duke of Burgundy, and the heroic Switzers who routed him at Nancy. The feudal magnificence of the Burgundian court is thrown into- picturesque contrast with the simple and hardy life of the mountaineers. Many romantic personages who Uved about 1474-7 ^^^ inlroduced: Queen Margaret of Anjou, the troubadour King Ren6 of Provence, Charles the Bold, the merchant-earl of Oxford, and the secret tribunal the Vehmgericht. Oxford's son, the hero, weds a Swiss maiden. Count Robert of Paris. 1831 A product of Scott's decadence ; subject: the brawls which ensued when the paladins of the First Crusade sojourned in Constantinople (1098). Alexander Comnenus the Emperor, Godfrey de Bouillon, and Count Robert, of the blood of Charlemagne, are among the leading characters, and the hero is an Englishman in the Emperor's bodyguard. Castle Dangerous. 1831 Founded on Barbour's Bnis and Hume's History of the House of Douglas and Angus. The story of the Ayrshire castle of the Black Douglas (1306-7), which was taken and retaken many times during the war of Scottish independence, [(a) Macmillan & Co. : (Border Edn., ed. by A. Lang), 24 vols., with 250 etchings, ea. 6s., 1901 ; a reprint of the edn. pub. by Nimmo (1892—4). (6) Educ. Book Co. (Fine-Art Edn.), illustrated, 28 vols., 8vo, 74s., 1910 ; (Pocket Edn.), 25 vols., ea. 2s. n. {80c.),. id. Follows the arrangement of the Border Edn. except that Betrothed and Talisman are in separate volumes, (c) A. & C. Black : (Dryburgh Edn.), 25 vols., with 250 photogravure ■ plates, ea. 3s. 6d., 1899 ; more fully illustrated, 5s. ($1.25, Macmillan, New York), 1892-3 ; (Roxburghe Edn.), 48 vols., with 96 steel plates and 1600 cuts, ea. 2s. 6d., 1885 ; (Standard Edn.), 25 vols., with frontispiece to ea. vol., ea. 2s. 6d. ; (Centenary Edn.), 25 vols., with 158 steel plates, ea. 3s. 6d. (the set, $31.25, Baker & Taylor, New York), 1889-90; (Half- crown Edn., reissue of Centenary Edn., with steel front, to ea. vol., ea. 2s. 6d., 1881);. (Soho Edn.), 25 vols., ea. 2s. 6d. ; (Victoria Edn.), 25 vols., with front, to ea. vol., ea. IS. 6d. (25 vols., $25, Lippincott, Philadelphia), 1897; (Sixpenny Edn.), ea. novel in i vol. (double columns), 6d., cloth is. {ff) J. M. Dent & Co. : (Temple Edn.), 48 vols., with bibliographical introductions, with front, to ea. vol., ea. is. 6d. n. (45c. n., Dutton, New York), 1898-9. (e) Constable & Co. : (Reprint of the Favourite Edn.), 48 vols., with the original steel plates and vignettes (re-engraved), ea. is. 6d. n., 1895-6. {j)> Nelson : (New Century Lib.), 25 vols., ea. 2s. n., 1900-1. {g) T. Fisher Unwin : (Cen- tury Edn.), 25 vols., ea. with collotype front., ea. is., 1898.] Shelley, Mrs. Mary Wollstonecraft \nee Godwin ; 1797-1851]. Frankenstein ; or. The Modem "Prometheus. 1818 Was the best of the three tales of mystery and horror written in friendly competition by Shelley, Byron, and Mrs. Shelley at Geneva in 1816. It is a ghastly extravaganza, built up on the idea of a monster created on pseudo-scientific principles, and endowed with Ufe, by a young German, whom the monster forthwith turns upon and keeps in anxiety and torment. [3s. 6d., Gibbings, 1896; is., Routledge, 1882 (75c., Dutton, New York).] Strutt, Joseph [1749-1802]. Queen-hoo HaU. 1808 Strutt was a learned antiquarian who, disgusted by the anachronisms of the RadcUffian romancers, undertook to show how an historical story should be written. The work is fuU of archaeological lore, and the speech and manners of the fifteenth century are repro- duced accurately, without much life. Scott completed the book and prepared it for publication, [o.p.] Warburton, B. E. G. Darien ; or, The Merchant Prince. 1825 William Paterson and the Darien Scheme (1698). [5s., Hurst & Blackett ; 50c., Harper, New York.] Wilson, John [" Christopher North " ; 1785-1854]. Lights and Shadows of Scot- tish Life. 1822 Twenty-four tales and sketches, avowedly not realistic, very sentimental in tone and abounding in pathos. Many word-paintings of Scottish scenery in the manner of the Recreations of Christopher North, but more restrained. Best known is The Trials of Margaret Lyndsay. [The last separately, is., Cassell ; the whole collection, 4s., Blackwood ; 75c., Claxton, Philadelphia.] 35 ENGLISH FICTION NINETEENTH CENTURY, SECOND QUARTER— 1826-1850 Aguilar, Grace [1816-47]. The Days of Brace. 1834 A tale of the Scottish war of independence {temp. Edward II), in the heroical style, offer- ing in the three women feminine idealizations of lofty fortitude, over-confidence, and tender innocence overwhelmed by the violence of a revolutionary era. [3s. 6d., 2S., IS. 6d., Routledge {$2, $1, Dutton, New York); with introd. by W. Jerrold, ill. by Robinson, 5s. n.. Dent.] The Vale of Cedars ; or, The Martyr [juvenile]. 1850 Persecution of the Jews in Spain (1492). [3s. 6d., 2s., is. 6d., Routledge ($1, Dutton, New York).] AiNSWORTH, William Harrison [1805-82]. Rookwood. 1834 A Gothic romance, the career of Dick Turpin the highwayman (1705-39); the story of his famous ride to York probably applies more accurately to Swift Dick Nevinson (1676). [is. 6d., 2S., Routledge {75c., Dutton, New York). Original lUustr Edn., 8vo, 5s., Rout- ledge ($2, Dutton, New York).] Jack Sheppard. - 1839 A tale of criminal life more realistic, less romantic, than Rookwood. An idealization of roguery that, like Lytton's Paul Clifford, has been frequently condemned for immoral tendency (1703-24). [2S., Routledge (75c., Dutton, New York). Original Illustr. Edn., 8vo, 5s., Routledge {$2, Dutton, New York).] The Tower of London. 1840 Quite a product of Mrs. Radcliffe's art, with scenes of broad comedy added. The historical matter is the tragic story of Lady Jane Grey's hopeless conspiracy and execution (1553—4) ■ Old London with its picturesque antiquities furnishes the theatre of these events, [is. 6d., 2s., Routledge (75c., Dutton, New York). Original Illustr. Edn., 8vo, 5s., Routledge (?2, Dutton, New York).] Old St. Paul's. 1841 History of a London grocer and his family during the years of the Plague and the Fire (1665-6) ; rich in local and historical colour ; founded on a rare narrative said to be written by Defoe, [is. 6d., 2s,, Routledge (75c., Dutton, New York). Original Illustr. Edn., Svo', 5s., Routledge (|2, Dutton, New York).] Guy Fawkes ; or, The Gunpowder Treason. 1841 [2a, Routledge (75c., Dutton, New York). Original Illustr. Edn., Svo, 5s., Routledge ($2, Dutton, New York).] The Miser's Daughter. 1842 A lurid, thoroughly Radcliffian story, written to show the evils of avarice. The life of the cofEee-houses, of Ranelagh and Vauxhall, is depicted in the course of a young man's adventures about town (c. 1744). [is. 6d., 2s., Routledge (75c., Dutton, New York). Original Illustr. Edn., Svo, 5s., Routledge ($2, Dutton, New York).] Windsor Castle. 1843 The Earl of Surrey and Fair Geraldine, Heme the Hunter, Cardinal Wolsey, Henry VIII, and two of his wives, Anne.Boleyn and Jane Seymour, are the personages whose well- known stories are woven together in this romance, [is. 6d., 2s., Routledge (75c., Dutton, New York). Original Illustr. Edn., Svo, 5s., Routledge (?2, Dutton, New York).] St. James's ; or. The Court of Queen Anne. 1844 Marlborough plays a conspicuoL;s p^rt. [2s., Routledge (75c., Dutton, New York).] — The Lancashire Witches. 1848 A romance of Pendle Forest, dealing with trials for witchcraft at Lancaster in 161 2, embodying the story of the Pilgrimage of Grace (1536) in the introduction. Contains plenty of topographical history dealing with Lancashire, [is. 6d., 2S., Routledge (75c., Dutton, New York). Original Illustr. Edn., Svo, 5s., Routledge ($2, Dutton, New York).] 36 NINETEENTH CENTURY, SECOND QUARTER AiNSWORTH, William Harrison (continued). — The Star Chamber. 1854 Trial of Sir James Mompesson (1621) ; an inferior work. [2s., Routledge (75c., Button, New York). Original Illustr. Edn., 8vo, 5s., Routledge ($2, Dutton. New York).] Mervyn Clitheroe. 1857 Manchester in 1820. [2s., Routledge (75c., Dutton, New York).] Ovingdean Grange. i860 A tale of the South Downs, old Brighthelmstone, etc., and the escape of Charles II. [2s., Routledge {75c., Dutton, New York). Original Illustr. Edn., Svo, 5s., Routledge ($2, Dutton, New York).] The Constable of the Tower. 1861 Fall of the Protector Somerset {1549-52). [2s., Routledge (75c., Dutton, New York).] Cardinal Pole; or, The Days of Philip and Mary. 1863 The marriage business (1554). [3s. 6d., Routledge: o.p.] The South Sea Bubble. 1868 1720. [3s. 6d., Routledge : o.p.] Boscobel ; or, The Royal Oak. 1872 Prince Charles's escape after Worcester, [is. 6d., 2s., Routledge (75c., Dutton, New York). Original Illustr. Edn., Svo, 5s., Routledge ($2, Dutton, New York).] The Leaguer of Lathom. 1876 The war in Lancashire ; siege of Manchester ; and the Earl of Derby's exploits (1642-51). [3s. 6d., Routledge : o.p.] « Preston Fight. 1877 The Jacobite rebellion of 1715, described in a painstaking manner, along with a conventional love plot, of which Lord Derwentwater is the central figure. A characteristic example of Ainsworth's later works. [2s., Routledge (75c., Dutton, New York).] Bray, Anna Eliza [w/e Kempe ; 1790-1883]. The White Hoods. 1828 A novel, readable to children, describing the revolt of the citizens of Ghent (1380-2), the deeds of Phihp van Artevelde, etc. [3s. 6d., Chapman, 1884.] Romances of the West. 1845-6 Fitz of Fitz-Ford ; Warleigh ; Courtenay of Walreddon ; Henry de Pomeroy ; Hartland Forest ; Trelawny of Trelawne. Romances of the chief famiUes of Devon and Cornwall, founded on the local antiquities, legends, and domestic annals. Robert Southey suggested this method of composition to Mrs. Bray, who had married the vicar of Tavistock. Longman pubUshed her romances in lo vols., 1845-6. [Each 3s. 6d., Chapman, 1884.] The Protestant. 1828 Deals with the, persecution of the Protestants under Mary (c. 1556-8). At the time of its appearance, in the days of CathoUc Emancipation, it made great stir. [3s. 6d., Chapman, 1884.] Banim, John [1798-1842]. The Fetches. 1825 Second of the O'Hara Tales, a series of novels planned with his brother Michael to do for Ireland what the Waverley novels had done for Scotland. They further proposed, " To insinuate, through fiction, the causes of Irish discontent, and to insinuate also that if crime were consequent on discontent it was no great wonder ; the conclusion to be arrived at by the reader, not by insisting on it on the part of the author, but from sympathy with the criminals." This is a characteristically sombre tale of superstition acting upon morbid imaginations. The Fetches are spirits that appear to the friends and kinsfolk of people about to die. [Duffy, Dublin : o.p.] 37 ENGLISH FICTION Banim, John (continued). — The Boyne Water. ' 1826 A very fine historical novel of the Jacobite and Williamite wars, the political and military his- tory carefully elucidated — ^from the Catholic point of view — arid the two kings, Sarsfield and other generals, and minor characters of the period (1685-gi) vividly portrayed. ■ ' Fine descriptions of the wild coEists of Antrim, and of the battle of the Boyne and siege of Limerick. [2s. 6d., Dufiy, Dublin.] The Nowlans. 1826 A grim and painful story recounting the temptation and fall and the subsequent repentance of a young priest. [Duffy, Dublin : o.p.] The Denounced ; or, The Last Baron of Crena. 1826 The troubles of two Roman Catholic families after the Treaty of Limerick (c. 1696), their , persecutions by the Protestants, the doings of the Rapparees, etc. [Duffy, Dublin : o.p.] Banim, lilichael [i 796-1874]. Crohoore and the Bill-hook. 1825 One of the most popular of the O'Hara Tales. A tragical story of the Whiteboys, in the times (1815-25) when the unfortunate peasantry, wrung by the persecutions of tithe-proctors and penal laws, retaliated most savagely in the crimes of the secret societies. Kilkenny ' ' and neighbourhood are the scenes. [Duffy, Dublin : o.p.] The Ghost Hunter and his Family. 1833 A complicated mystery novel of the usual melodramatic type, with good pictures of everyday " hfe in Banim's native town, Kilkenny. [Simms and MTntyre: o.p. ; 75 c, P. J. Kenedy, New York.] The Bit o' Writing. 1838 A collection of twenty stories, the title-piece showing the humorous side of Banim at his best and an admirable picture of peasant life. [Kenedy, New York; Title-story, with The Ace ofChibs, 6d., Gill, 1886; is. 6d., Simpkin, 1886-9.] -; — The Town of Cascades. * 1864 Sets forth the dire consequences of intemperance among the pesisantry in County Clare ; the town is Ennistymon, on its beautiful river-gorge near the west coast. [Chapman : o.p.] Banim, John and Michael. John Doe ; or, The Peep o' Day. 1825 , The first of the O'Hara Tales, all but the first chapter written by John Banim. Story of a secret brotherhood, the Shanavests, which a young man gets mixed up with through motives of revenge (period 1808). [Peep 0' Day; or, Savourneen Deelish, 2s., Routledge: o.p.] The Croppy. 1828 A careful version of the history of the 1798 rebeUion, from the standpoint of a Uberal Irishman, who views the horrible doings of his misguided countrymen with mingled pity and con- tempt. A lot of conventional noveUstic business is thrown in. [2s. 6d. n., Duffy, Dublin.] Father Connell. 1840 A very winning and pathetic character-portrait of a country priest who lays down his life for the orphan boy he has befriended. Father Connell was drawn from a priest Banim knew well, and other characters from his native Kilkenny and the peasants of the neigh- bourhood are. sketched with much kindliness and humour. Bronte, Anne [" Acton Bell " ; 1820-49]. The Tenant of Wildfell Hall. 1848 Chiefly of biographical interest, giving the mournful story of Branwell Bronte's debased hfe, and meant as a warning example to young people. The homely realism and earnest moralizing are a contrast to the transforming imagination of her two sisters. Her Agnes Grey (1848) ; with Emily Bronte's Wtithering Heights, infra. Bronte, Charlotte [" Currer BeU " ; 1816-55]. Jane Eyre. 1847 For Charlotte Bronte's first novel see below — The Professor. This is the autobiography of a ' ■ ' woman of strong and original character, whose plain face was an innovation among heroines, as her love for an ugly and elderly hero indicated a recoil from stereotyped romance. Obviously written out of her own inner life ; atitobiographical in the passionate expression 3S. . NINETEENTH CENTURY, SECOND QUARTER of personal feeling, of a woman's yearning towards a fuller life, of revolt from social con- ventions, unnatural repression of feeling, and narrow religious dogmas. It is one of the greatest novels inspired by the theme of self-realization. [Ed. by (Sir) W. Robertson NicoU, with The Moores (a fragment), 6s., Hodder, 1902 : v. also infra^ Bronte, Charlotte [continued). — Shirley. 1849 In Shirley Charlotte Bronte is again autobiographical to a large extent, the external incidents revolving round the home life of a Yorkshire millowner who suffers in the riots occasioned by the Orders in Council restricting trade during the great French war. Most of the characters are drawn from Ufe, the men-folk being poorly caricatured and satirized for their impermeability to feminine ideas. The proud and passionate Shirley was drawn from her sister Emily ; the girl who is her bosom friend was also from life. Pastoral and moorland Yorkshire is depicted in emotional colours. Villette. 1853 Also composed largely of personal experiences and observations of life in the Brussels pen- sionnat, where Charlotte Bronte spent some years among many singular and not a few unpleasant people whose portraits she here puts on record. Lucy Snowe, another embodi- ment of her ideal of girlhood and nascent love, and the irascible preceptor, Paul Emanuel, are, like Jane and Shirley, " exceptional characters," in the Meredithian sense, beings existing on a higher plane of thought and emotion than average humanity. A love-story of the same intensely spiritual nature as all the Bronte novels, in which love is the medium of the highest self-realisation. The Professor. 1857 A first study for Villette. Scene, the same pensionnat at Brussels, where a pair of un- worldly characters, the innocent heroine and the Professor, are attracted by natural kinship, and advance from sympathy to love. Bronte, Emily Jane [" Ellis Bell " ; 1818-48]. Wuthering Heights. 1847 A weird drama of love, hate, and revenge, laid amid the sombre dales and fells of moor- land Yorkshire ; the chief character, a fierce, elemental nature, in whom both afiection and hatred grow into fixed ideas, pursuing their objects even beyond the grave. Around this terrible figure are a group of men and women, some akin to him in fiery will and uncurbed passion, some pitifully weak ; several are drawn with a firm hand and a complete knowledge of human nature and also of local manners and speech. Clumsy in workman- ship, this strange masterpiece is Uke a Greek play fitted into the framework of a modern novel, with a current of deep poetry that overwhelms the barriers of realism and carries us into the limitless sea of elemental feeling and tragic strife. {Works of the Sisters Bronte, ed. Clement Shorter, 10 vols., (vol. i : Poetry, 2 : Wuthering Heights), ea. 6s. n., 8vo, Hodder (ea. ?2, Doran, New York), 1910-11, in progr.; Works, 6 vols., with Life by Mrs. Gaskell (vol. vii.), ea. 6s., 2s. 6d., is. 6d., Smith & Elder; Works (Temple Edn.), 12 vols., ea. is. 6d. n., pott 8vo, Dent; Works, with 60 coloured illus. by Edmund Dulac, ea. 2S. 6d. n., f'cap 8vo, Dent. Separately: (Everyman's Lib.), is. n., f'cap 8vo, Dent (35c. n., Dutton, New York); (World's Classics), is. n. (40c.), pott 8vo, Frowde.] Hockley, WilHam Brown. Pandurang Hari. 1826 The adventurous career of a Hindu in the Deccan early in the igth century, purporting to be a rough-and-ready translation from a native MS. ; full of knowledge of the Mahrattas during the anarchy that preceded the British occupation of their country. [With preface by Sir Bartle Frere (1875), 2S., Chatto, 1891.] Carleton, William [1794-1869]. Traits and Stories of the Irish Peasantry. Two Series. 1830-3 Carleton called this, and rightly, his greatest work. The plan on which it begins, subsequently abandoned, is that the cronies sitting round the fire in Ned McKeown's cabin should tell a story apiece. In these short stories and descriptions of the manners and ways and emo- tions of the Irish peasants, he serves up the best of his autobiographic material, in the form that suited him best and drew out his innate artistic gifts. And so we get a matchless pre- sentation of the real Ufe of the peasants, their quick temper and variable nature, now moody, now gay, capable of the deepest feeUng, of fiercely vindictive passions, and of crime. He reproduces the brogue and turns of speech with truth and humour. The Party Fight and Funeral is a boisterous and spirited narrative ; Phil Purcel the Pig Driver, 39 ENGLISH FICTION a caricature of a Connaught peasant that has been adopted as typical of Irishmen ; The Lianhan Shee and The Midnight Mass show his deep feeling for nature. The Poor Scholar, a portrait from life, and Tubber Derg, or the Holy Well, with its " hero beggar, " are two touching stories. Wildgoose Lodge is a tale of lawless revenge. Others, e.g. Dennis 0' Shaughnessy going to Maynooth, a comic story of a novice who falls in love, are of a humorous kind. Carleton's realism is almost over-faithful in detail, yet by no means free from caricature and exaggera- tion. He said of his Lough Derg Pilgrim, " It resembles a coloured photograph more than anything else." Carleton had none of the popular and brilliant comedy of Lever, or his fertility in farcical character ; but his insight into the Irish mind and temperament, his knowledge of Irish traditions, thoughts, manners, idiosyncrasies, was enormously deeper. From Lever we get the amusing Irishman, the stage buffoon ; from Carleton a numerous gallery of authentic types, peasants drawn by one who was himself a peasant, and gifted with what he called an extraordinary power of unconscious observation and a tenacious memory. [Complete, 3s. 6d., Routledge {$1.50, Dutton, New York) ; 4 vols., illustrated, 14s. n.. Dent.] Carleton, William [continued). — Fardarougha the Miser ; or, The Convicts of Lisnamona. 1839 A well-constructed story dealing tragically with the passion of avarice. Fardarougha has been compared with Balzac's P6re Grandet. The emotional struggle between avarice and parental love brings in scenes of intense sorrow and gloom. Honour, the wife, is a beautiful portrait of an Irishwoman, and is said to be drawn from Carleton's own loved mother. [Ed. D. J. O'Donoghue, is., Downey, o.p. ; 50c., Haverty, New York.] Valentine McClutchy, the Irish Land Agent. 1845 A passionate indictment of the tyranny and rapacity of land agents, the evils of non-residence, the hypocrisy of canting attorneys who hang on to the landlord class, the violence of the Orange faction, and the partisanship of juries. Contains terrible scenes of eviction and the like — unquestionably charged with memories of a cruel outrage perpetrated on Carleton's father — ^with many droll situations, [is. 6d. n., Duffy, Dublin ; I1.50, Sadlier, New York.] Paddy-go-Easy and his wife Nancy. 1845 Sketches an easy-going, reckless, good-for-nothing peasant — not a fair example of the species — with much raciness and humour, [is., Duffy, Dublin.] Rody the Rover. 1845 Rody is an agent of the Ribbonites, who are painted as a set of rascals and spies (c. 1820—40). [is., Duffy, Dublin.] Art Maguire ; or, The Broken Pledge. 1847 A temperance story — the downward career of a man utterly ruined by drink. [15c., Sadlier, New York.] The Black Prophet : a Tale of the Irish Famine. 1847 Probably his first regular novel, rich in strong studies of female character. Written amid the trials and sufferings of a terrible famine (1846-7), the record of an earlier visitation Carleton had himself passed through, and of the typhus epidemic of 1817 — a tragic testimony to the endurance and devotion of the Irish people. [3s. 6d., Lawrence and BuUen, 1899, o.p. ; $1.50, Sadlier, New York.] — The Emigrants of Ahadarra. 1847 Contains some of his bitterest scenes of sorrow and anguish, with pen portraits from the life, e.g. the old patriarch, Dora McMahon, the Burkes, and the Hogans. [is., Routledge; in Works, 10 vols., $15, Sadlier, New York.] — The Tithe-Proctor. 1849 A rancorous and perverted study of the anti-tithe campaign, [is., Duffy, Dublin.] — The Squanders of Castle Squander. 1852 " An attempt to portray the life of the gentry, a task for which Carleton was imperfectly qualified." An acrid and unpleasing story, feebly mimicking Lever's jovial style; [o.p.] 40 NINETEENTH CENTURY, SECOND QUARTER Carleton, William (continued). — The Poor Scholar ; and other Tales. A selection of nine of Carleton's last stories, the title-story one of his most touching, [is., DuSy, Dublin.] Willie Reilly and his Dear Colleen Bawn. 1855 A story based on a popular legend of Ulster, which had been told in countless ballads and in artless prose. A poor example of Carleton's work. Tells with more romance than realism of the days (1745—52) when the priests were persecuted and hunted, and a Catholic lover had small chance of wedding a Protestant heiress. [With introduction by E. A. Baker (Half-forgotten books), 1904, 2s., Routledge.] Chamier, Capt. Frederick [1796-1870]. Ben Brace of Nelson's "Agamemnon." 1835 Ben Brace's autobiography is really a study of AUen, Nelson's faithful servant. Forms a naval history of the wars from 1797-1816. An imitation of Captain Marryat. [Ed. E. A. Baker (Half-forgotten Books), 1905, 2s., Routledge.] The Life of a Sailor. 1834 The Saucy Arethusa. 1836 Jack Adams. 1838 Similar nautical stories of the great wars. Chamier saw service in the American War of 1812 and later, but his knowledge of the earlier period was based on investigations for his continuation of James's Naval History. [All o.p. except Saucy Arethusa, 6d., Wame.] Tom Bowling : a Tale of the Sea. 1839 A composite portrait, based on the histories of a famous captain of a frigate, Richard Bowen, and of Nelson's flag-captain. Hardy, with others. Capture of Martinique, seizure of the Cape, and action ofi Algeciras in 1801. Chiefly concerned with 1794-5. [Ed. E. A. Baker (Half-forgotten Books), 2S., Routledge, 1905.] CoBBOLD, Richard. The History of Margaret Catchpole. 1845 The story of an actual Sufiolk woman (1773-1841), who was imprisoned for horse-stealing, broke gaol, and was transported, afterwards marr5dng and living at Sydney till her death. [is. n. (40c.) (World's Classics), Frowde.] CocKTON, Henrj.' [1807-53]. Vcilentine Vox, the Ventriloquist. 1840 By means of his ventriloquial gifts, the hero perpetrates enormous practical jests that beget scenes of screaming farce. These, with his love affairs, satirical sketches of London hfe, and some sensational episodes, such as that of a man immured in a lunatic asylum and deUberately driven mad by torture, make up a lengthy novel of the Pierce Egan and Pickwick variety. To a certain extent it is a novel of purpose, and is said to have brought about a revision of the lunacy laws. [2s., Routledge ; $1, Button, New York.] Sylvester Sound, the Somnambulist. 1844 A weak attempt to follow up the success of the former book. [2s., Routledge ; $1, Button, New York.] Croly, George [1780-1860]. Salathiel, the Immortal : a History. 1827 An impressive example of Gothic romance, on the old theme of the Wandering Jew, embellished with oriental scenery and oriental grandiloquence. [Republished under title Tarry Thou Till I Come, $1.40 n. (6s. n.). Funk & WagnaUs ; 6oc., Hurst, New York.] Crowe, Catherine [nee Stevens ; 1800-76]. Susan Hopley ; or. The Adventures of a jyiaid-servcmt. 1841 The maid-servant eventually turns out to be a colonel's daughter, though she Uves many years as a household drudge. To the domestic story is added plot-interest in the murder of Susan's brother and the events that enable her to convict the murderer. [6d., Routledge, 1883 : o.p.] 41 ENGLISH FICTION Crowe, Catherine {continued). — Lilly Dawson. 1847 Brought up in a family of smugglers, the heroine runs away, and after a hard life comes across her relations, gentlefolk. She will not be a fine lady, however, and marries the lover of her humbler days. The author protests against the inferior education given to women, and points out the quaUties in which women surpass men. [is., Routledge, 1878 : o.p.] The Night Side of Nature. 1848 A collection of stories and anecdotes of ghosts, apparitions, warnings, trances, haunted houses, etc., asserted to be facts, but derived from all kinds of veracious or doubtful sources. [Edited by E. A. Baker (Half -forgotten Books), 2S., Routledge.] Linny Lockwood. 1854 Like Lilly Dawson, a fair example of domestic fiction, with a plot like that of East Lynne. Betrayed by her husband, Linny finds herself the servant of his deserted mistress, whom she nurses on her death-bed. [o.p.] De Quincey, Thomas [1785-1859]. Klosterheim ; or, The Masque. 1832 A Radclif&an story of the turbulent period in the Thirty Years' War preceding the ImperiaUst victory of Nordlingen (1633-4). ^ tyrannical Landgrave, allied with the Swedes; the Catholic Klosterheimers, gallantly aiding the other side ; and a mysterious apparition who discomfits the Landgrave in his own palace, and afterwards turns out to be the rightful ruler, are the dramatis persona. [In his Collected Writings (14 vols.), vol. xii., 2S. 6d., Black, 1896.] The Incognito ; or. Count Fitzhum (1824). The King of Hayti (1823).- The Dice (1823). The Fatal Marksman (1823). The Avenger (1838). The first two are humorous tales, the third a tale of necromancy and devilry, all from the German. The Fatal Marksman is a version of the German story made famiUar by Weber's opera Der FreischUtz ; The Avenger, a sensational story of a series of murders, ultimately proved to have been the deliberate work of a wealthy young gentleman of Jewishextraction. It is much in the style of the author's Murder considered as one of the Fine Arts, with its sensational appendix. [In his Collected Writings (14 vols.), vols, xii., xiii., each 2S. 6d., Black, 1896-7.] Dickens, Charles [1812-70]. Sketches by Boz. 1836-7 Random sketches and episodes drawn from Mfe in London among the poor and the lower middle classes. Manners are portrayed with vivid truth or recognizable caricature, but the great things are such humorous extravaganzas as the " Election for Beadle." Dickens is the novelist of the lower classes as Thackeray is of the upper ten, but there is a profound distinction between these two great comic artists. Though Dickens gives a faithful picture of the surroundings and the conditions of Ufe in the middle period of last century, he is anything but a reaUst in the more important sphere of human character. Thackeray was a satirical realist : Dickens's genius was essentially humorous and fantastic. He used human nature as material for creative work ; and a poetic imagination found full scope, not only in fantasies like The Chimes and A Christmas Carol, but in grotesque beings Uke Quilp, Mrs. Gamp, the Wellers, and Mr. Micawber. He has few afiinities in English literature, unless it be Sterne and Smollett, both in different ways. This creative and transforming impulse of his is shown from the beginning. The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club. 1837 Here we have exuberant fancy, and an imagination richly stored with human material collected in his early experiences in the streets of London, at work on the random scheme of ad- venture with which Pierce Egan and Theodore Hook had amused people a decade before. An absurd club sends four members on a journey of research through England ; the four meet with an immense profusion of comic adventures and curious people, many of whom add to the entertainment by telling their stories. Among the host of characters drawn from every nook and comer of London and provincial Ufe stand out conspicuously Mr. Pickwick, Sam Weller and his sire, the fat boy, Mrs. Bardell, and many others whose idiosyncrasies are as indelibly fixed in our minds as are the chief creations of Shakespeare. The Adventures of Oliver Twist. 1838 A dramatic plot combining the fortunes of a poor boy, brought up in a workhouse, with the misdeeds and the punishment of a gang of thieves. As a picture of the criminal classes 4« NINETEENTH CENTURY, SECOND QUARTER showing the burglar, the pickpocket, and the coiner in their dens and the poor in their slums, the book is worthy of Defoe. Bill Sikes is a hideous portrait of a complete scoundrel, a product of our penal system ; and the Jew, Fagin, is a companion picture. The comic passages give us such humorous creations as Mr. Bumble, the Artful Dodger, and Charlie Bates. • Dickens, Charles {continued). — Nicholas Nickleby. 1839 This too has a melodramatic plot, of which the mainspring is the antagonism of the good Nicholas and his bad uncle, the usurious Ralph Nickleby. And again the strength of the book is in the numerous comic characters, incidents, and situations — the Mantalinis, the Squeers family and their detestable school, Dotheboys Hall, the Cheerybles, Mr. Vincent Crummies, and Mrs. Nickleby. The tale somewhat resembles Smollett's picaresque narratives. The Old Curiosity Shop. 1840-1 Combines diverse elements — the sentimental idyll in which the etherealized and pathetic Little Nell and her grandfather are protagonists ; the light comedy in which figure those sportive creations Dick Swiveller and the Marchioness, and Kit Nubbles ; and the gloomy grotesque of Quilp and his doings. People in those days enjoyed the mawkish sentiment and the semi-poetic rhapsody of the idyllic part. Bamaby Rudge. " 1840-1 An historical novel giving a lurid tableau of the orgies and incendiarism of the " No Popery " riots in 1780. Lord George Gordon is an actor, and the principal events are founded on •^ fact. Intertwined is a private story with some characteristic traits, e.g. in the Vardens, the WiUets, Miss Miggs, and Simon Tappertit. Christmas Books. 1843-8 Little tales written for Christmas, in which realism and fantasy are mingled, kindHness and love for the poor being the dominant theme. A Christmas Carol makes its ghostly appeal to the hard old miser, and The Chimes is a variation of the same motive. The Cricket on the Hearth is an idyll of home life ; The Battle of Life, an imaginative deliverance on resignation ; and The Haunted Man, a fairy tale having the beauty of kindness for its moral. Martin Chuzzlewit. 1844 A novel of multifarious scope, containing comedy, caricature, farce, melodrama, and tragedy ; shifting from England to America and back again. The selfish family of the Chuzzlewits are technically the central interest in what plot there is, and the regeneration of young Martin may be regarded as the moral motive. But the characters are as richly varied as the incidents, and comprise such epitomes of human nature's tricks and foibles as Mr. Pecksniff and Mark Tapley, Tom Pinch, Mrs. Todgers, the Hon. Ehjah Pogram, Betsey Prig, and the immortal Sairey Gamp, whose wonderful patter, gliding naturally into blank verse, shows the grotesque imagination of Dickens at the height of its power. The American interludes betray animus, and were so taken across the Atlantic. Dombey and Son. _ 1848 Designed to fulfil a moral purpose, viz. to anatomize Pride, and illustrate its strength and its weakness. Slenderly attached to the main story, in which this idea is developed, is the pathetic episode of Uttle Paul Dombey's invalid life and death. Hence the history of Mr. Dombey moves on to his business failure and the chastening of his pride, the seriousness being lightened by the humours of Mrs. Chick and Miss Tox, the Toodles family, Mrs. Pipchin, Dr. Blimber, Captain Cuttle, Mrs. MacStinger, and Mr. Toots. David Copperfield. 1850 Of considerable interest as autobiography and self-revelation, telling something of the pathetic story of his own early struggles, and setting down other cherished memories. David's hard youth, the sentimental idyll of his first marriage and the firmer happiness of his union with Agnes, are the connecting thread among varied episodes and eccentric, humor- ous, And lovable characters. An episode of seduction brings in the melodramatic. Miss Bel^ey Trotwood, Barkis, Micawber, the Peggottys, Mr. Dick, and Tommy Traddles are among the pleasing grotesques ; the sanctimonious villain, Uriah Heep, is one of the repulsive 43 ENGLISH FICTION Dickens, Charles {continued). — Bleak House. 1853 A plot-novel with two chief threads, a proud lady's expiation of a sin done in youth and the humorous chronicle of a huge and interminable lawsuit. Connected wth these are a crowd of personages — the hero Carstone, Poor Jo, Mrs. Jellyby the philanthropist, Mr. Tulrveydrop, the Bagnets, Guppy, and two sketches from life, Boythorn and Harold Skimpole (Savage Lander and Leigh Hunt). Hard Times. 1854 A tract-novel inspired by Carlyle's Philosophical Radicalism — a protest against tyrannous utilitarianism and political economy divorced from human feeling. The stage is a hideous manufacturing town created by the two apostles of fact, Gradgrind and Bounderby, and the drama is chiefly enacted by Gradgrind's children, brought up on facts, and ruined spiritually by the complete neglect of sympathy and sentiment. Little Dorrit. 1857 Satirizes the Civil Service under the style of the Circumlocution Office. Also pictures prison Ufe, Little Dorrit's father being Father of the Marshalsea. The melodramatic element appears in the history of the House of Clennam ; with the usual complement of originals like Mr. F.'s Aunt, the Meagles, and Pancks. — A Tale of Two Cities. 1859 An historical novel inspired by Carlyle's French Revolution, the style of which it constantly echoes. A powerful, melodramatic story of the Reign of ^Terror (1789-94), leading up to the famous scene of Sydney Carton's self-immolation at the guillotine, now well known on the boards. — Great Expectations. 1861 An excellent tale for children ; the story of poor Pip has touching chapters, and there are several characters akin to those of Dickens's best period, e.g. Joe Gargery and Miss Havisham. The Thames marshes furnish a sombre background. — Our Mutual Friend. 1865 A complicated story, with a few minor figures, like Boffin and Wegg, having the characteristic stamp. — Christmas Stories. 1854-67 Chiefly minor miscellaneous stories and sketches contributed to the Christmas numbers of Household Words. The Seven Poor Travellers, The Holly Tree, and Mugby Junction are sketches of travelling, inns, old-fashioned hostelries, etc. Somebody's Luggage is a dis- course on waiters, and Mrs. Lirriper's Lodgings, a characteristic picture of London lodging- house life. — The Mystery of Edwin Drood. 1870 An unfinished melodrama centring in a mysterious murder and enacted amid the picturesque closes and cathedral buildings of old Rochester (Cloisterham) , with scenes in an opium den in Shadwell. The scenic elements create a deep impression of gloom and tragedy, and the plot is an excellent piece of construction. Contains some characteristic types of villainy and passion, and some grotesquely humorous figures, who at least reflect the creations of his best period. [Editions of Dickens's Works, published by Chapman & Hall : — {a) Library Editions : 8vo, with the original illustrations (National Edn.), 40 vols., 8vo, each los. 6d. n. (1906-7) (sold in sets only). Illustrated Lib. Edn., 30 vols., each los., 1873-6; (Library Edn.), 30 vols., each 8s., 1876-8. (Authentic Edn.), 21 vols., each 5s., sq. cr. 8vo, 1890. (Gadshill Edn.), 34 vols., sq. cr. 8vo, each 6s. Chapman & Hall are also the English agents for the Autograph Edn. of Difckens's complete writings, ed. F. G. Kitton, in 56 vol.s., in course of pubn., by Sprout, of New York (only 250 sets printed), each vol. £6 n. An edn., edited by A. J. Hammerton and illustrated by Harry Furniss, is published by the Educational Book Co. (1910) at £5 n. (6) Smaller Editions : (Crown Edn.), 17 vols., Ige. cr. 8vo, each 5s., 1890; (Biographical Edn.), 19 vols., cr. 8vo, each 3s. 6d. ; (Charles Dickens Edn.), 21 vols., cr. 8vo, each 3s. 6d. or 4s., 1877-80 ; (Oxford India Paper Edn.), 17 vols., cr. 8vo, each 2s. 6d. n. ; (Half-crown Edn.), 21 vols., each 2s. 6d., cr. 8vo, 1892 ; (Fireside Edn.), 22 vols., cr. 8vo, each is. 6d. n. or 2s. n. ; (Cabinet Edn.), 32 vols., each with 8 illus., each is. 6d., 1888-9 ; iShilling Edn.), -7.T vols , each is. ; (Pocket Edn.), 30 vols., 45s. the set, 1879. (c) By other Publishers : illust., in 20 vols. ; {fit. Expectns. and Hard Times in i vil., Tale of Two Cities and Drood in i vol.), ea. vol. 3s. 6d. ($1), Macmillan. (New Centuiry Lib.), 15 vols., ea. 2s. n., Nelson; (Temple Edn.), 34 vols., each is. 6d. n.. Dent. Dickens 44 NINETEENTH CENTURY, SECOND QUARTER Dictionary, ed. by G. A. Pierce and W. A. Wheeler, gives a key to the characters and principal incidents in the novels, 5s., Chapman & Hall, 1878, The Dickens Dictionary, by A. J. Philip, is a similar work, dealing with the characters, localities, etc., of the novels and miscellaneous works, alphabetically arranged, 8s. 6d. n., 8vo, Routledge ($3 n., Dutton, New York), 1909; the Dickens Concordance: a compendium of names and characters and principal places mentioned in all the works of Dickens, ed. by Mary WiUiams, 3s. 6d. n., Griffiths, 1907.] Disraeli, Benjamin, Earl of Beaconsfield [1804-81]. Vivian Grey. 1826 An incoherent and fantastic sketch, much like Lytton's Pelham, prefiguring with its burlesque and persiflage the lighter elements of Disraeli's mature novels of political life. It recounts the youth of a dandy and adventurer, who makes himself the favourite of a marquis and engineers a new party, but is caught intriguing and ends his career. Said to owe its idea to the attempted cabal of the Duke of York and the Marquis of Hertford against Canning on the Catholic question. Disraeli's novels show kindred qualities in literature to the forces that took him to the top in his political career — brilliance of intellect, far- sighted views, and a love of theatrical effect, [is. 6d. (60c.), Longman ; edited with biogr. introd. by Lucien Wolf (a very luminous one), 2 vols., 7s. n., De la More Press, 1904; ed. B. N. Langdon-Davies, 5s. n., Brimley Johnson, 1904, o.p. ; Pocket Edn., is. 6d, n. (50c. n.), Lane.] Contarini Fleming. 1832 A minor work reflecting Disraeli's poetical ambitions of this period. Contarini would fain be a poet, but his worldly-wise father dissuades. A psychological biography of a soul's development, with his adventures in quest of his destiny, and idealized pictures of travel ; already betraying Disraeli's Oriental proclivities, [is. 6d. (6oc.), Longman, 1881 ; Pocket Edn., IS. 6d. n. (50c. n.). Lane.] Alrov (1833). Ixion in Heaven (1833). The Infernal Marriage (1833). Popa- nilla (1828). Alroy is a wild Oriental romance of the days of the Jewish captivity ; Ixion recounts in burlesque fashion the old legends of Juno and Jove's eternal vengeance, with droll admixture of mundane foibles and elaborate etiquette, and with a side reference to Disraeli's own ambitions. The Infernal Marriage (of Proserpine with the king of Hades) satirizes the modern " marriage for an establishment." Elysium is a caricature of high society, its luxuries, idleness, and scandals. Popanilla is a good-humoured Gulliverian satire on the British constitution. The Captain, born and bred on a primitive island, comes to England, and is introduced to artificial society. [In i vol., 2s. (60c.), Longman ; (i), (2), {3), and Count Alarcos (Pocket Edn.), is. 6d. n. (50c. n.), Lane.] Henrietta Temple. 1837 A passionate love tale ; the hero is engaged to an heiress who is to save his estates from ruin, but falls in love with the beautiful Henrietta. Contains a little of Disraeli's peculiar comedy, [is. 6d. (6oc.), Longman ; Pocket Edn., is. 6d. n. (50c. n.). Lane.] Coningsby ; or, Tlie New Generation. 1844 Disraeli had now entered Parliament and this novel and the two that follow are much more than novels. Coningsby is a political manifesto with a practical aim, to furnish a por- gramme for the Young England party. Coningsby is the grandson of a profligate marquis — an actual portrait. His friendships, his social experiences and entry into political hfe entail a review of the political condition of England (1832-34), and criticism of the misgovernment and undefined principles of the Tories under Peel and their anti-reform manoeuvres. Tory underlings, toadies and political humbugs are caricatured. Sidonia, the great Jew financier, represents DisraeU's Hebrew enthusiasms ; Rigby is the Right Hon. J. W. Croker ; the Marquis of Monmouth is probably Lord Hertford (Thackeray's Steyne), and Lord Henry Sidney is Lord George Manners, afterwards Duke of Rutland; [is. 6d. (60C.), Longman; 2s. 6d., Blackie; ed. B. N. Langdon-Davies, 5s. n., Johnson, 1904, o.p.; Pocket Edn., is. 6d. n. (50c. n.). Lane.] — Sybil ; or, The Two Nations. 1845 One of our earliest serious social studies of the two great classes, the rich and the poor, from the practical standpoint of a pohtician. Compares the miserable conditions of the people, reduced by the tyranny of wealth to slavery, starvation, vice, and infanticide, with the kindlier hfe of the Middle Ages. This is the real problem for any poUtical party that is to endure. Pungent satire of ansto. | .ic and poUtical tinkers. Romantic interest is supphed by the love of a nobleman for a Chartist's daughter. Barrow Bridge near Bolton, Lanes., is the model village described, [is. 6d. (6oc.), Longman'; ed. B. N. Langdon- Davies, 5s. n., Johnson. 1904, o.p. ; Pocket Edn., is. 6d. n. (50c. n.), Lane.] 45 ENGLISH FICTION Disraeli, Benjamin (continued). — Tancred ; or, The New Crusade. 1847 Last part of what Disraeli called "a real Trilogy." A fantastic story in Disraeli's most theatrical style, relating how the heir to a dukedom, after sundry adventures in patrician society, related with plenty of satire, goes in quest of light to the Holy Land, where in a trance it is revealed to him that the regeneration of Christendom must come from a new Anglican Christianity refined by Judaism. The end fantastic and abrupt, and the meaning vague. [is. 6d. (60C.), Longman; ed. B. N. Langdon-Davies, 5s. n., Johnson, 1904, o.p. ; Pocket Edn., IS. 6d. n. (50c. n.), Lane.] Lothair. 1870 A Corinthian picture of the highest society of England, by one who had lived in its midst. Gay and operatic in style ; flattering in tone, the satire of vanity and selfishness being of a bantering and hardly serious kind. Lothair, who is to inherit immense possessions, is the object of a conspiracy to make him a Roman convert, and, on the other hand, of Protestant intrigues. He wavers, impelled to and fro by doubts and the fascinations of two romantic ladies, champions of Catholicism and of Freedom respectively. The late Marquis of Bute was pointed out as the original of Lothair ; Mazzini (Mirafiori) and Garibaldi appear in the Italian episodes. Monsignor Capel, who figures as Mgr. Catesby, died recently in N. California, of which he was prelate-in-charge. [is. 6d. (60c.), Longman.] Vavasour. 1870 A rather acrid sketch of Monckton Milnes, Lord Houghton, [o.p.] Endymion. 1880 The history of Endymion and his sister Myra (1830-40) is an allegory with an autobiographic meaning ; and the other characters are either important social types or representatives of great people of a later day. A book full of double meanings and of aphorisms enunciat- ing the writer's political philosophy, [is. 6d. (60c.), Longman.] Egan, Pierce [1772-1849]. Life in London ; or, The Day and Night Scenes of Jerry Hawthorn, Esq., and his Elegant Friend, Corinthian Tom, accompanied by Bob Logic, the Oxonian, in their Rambles and Sprees through the Metro- polis. 1821-8 Finish to the Adventures of Tom, Jerry, and Logic in their Pursuits through Life in and out of London [sequel]. 1828 A series of sketches of Cockney life that appeared in monthly parts illustrated by Cruikshank ; remarkable as one of the earliest of picture novels. They deal with the favourite haunts of pleasure-seekers and reproduce copiously the slang and cockneyisms of Londoners, spiced with puns and word-plays. The rollicking adventurers are in the sequel either reformed or disposed of by unseasonable death. Dickens adopted this form of random adventures and burlesque in the Pickwick Papers. [Life in London, col. ill., 7s. 6d., Chatto, 1869 ; Finish, los., coloured, i6s.. Reeves & Turner, i88g ; 3s. 6d. n. (Plain and Coloured Series), Methuen, 1890.] FuLLERTON, Lady Georgiana [nee Leveson Gower ; 1812-85]. Ellen Middleton. 1844 A girl, in a momentary passion, accidentally causes the death of a child. Two persons know the secret, and throughout her married life she is pursued by the malice of the one and the mischievous advocacy of the other, a man who loves her. Ellen's fear and penitence, her flight and peaceful death, make a strong, emotional story. [6s., Macmillan, 1884 : o.p.] Grantley Manor. 1847 Written after the writer's secession to Rome, and inspired to some extent by Roman Catholic sentiments and ideas. Two half-sisters are placed in natural contrast, the fascinating half-Italian Ginevra and the sincere and straightforward English girl Margaret. [3s. 6d., Burns & Gates, 1897.] Too Strange not to be True. ' 1864 A story of eighteenth-century England. [6s., Macmillan ; I1.50, f i, Appleton, New York.] 46 NINETEENTH CENTURY, SECOND QUARTER FuLLERTON, Lady Georgiana (continued). — ^Constance Sherwood. 1865 "An autobiography of the sixteenth century" (c. 1580). [6s., Bentley, o.p. ; $2, Catholic Pub. Co., New York.] A Stormy Life : Queen Margaret's Journal. 1867 The story of Margaret of Anjou, the heroic, ill-used Queen of Henry VI (see also Scott's Anne of Geierstein). [Bums & Oates: o.p.] Gore, Catherine Grace [nee Moody ; 1799-1861]. Cecil ; or, The Adventures of a , Coxcomb. 1841 Ormington. 1842 Novels of fashionable life, full of incident and of observation of character, caustically satirical in the description of high society ; built on an old-fashioned and artificial plan, [(i) 3 vols., 31S. 6d., Bentley, o.p. ; i vol., 2s., Routledge, o.p. ; (2) 3 vols., 31s. 6d., Boone, o.p.] Griffin, Gerald [1803-40]. Tales of the Munster Festivals. 1827-32 Faithful and racy sketches of the Kerry and W. Clare peasantry and the small gentry ; home Ufe, the hedge-schools, smuggling, love, and seduction, troubles with government of&cials, etc. [is., Routledge ; $1.50, Sadlier, New York.] The Collegians ; or, The Colleen Bawn : a Tale of Garryowen. 1828 A rather formless novel which was dramatized in a well-known play by Dion Boucicault. Here Griffin appears as the novelist of the better class of Irish yeomen, a very true and faithful interpreter of native character. The story is founded on fact — a poor girl is seduced and forsaken for a wife of higher station. Scenes: Limerick and Killamey. [3s. 6d., Routledge ; 75c., Warne, New York.] The Invasion. 1832 A painstaking study of W. Ireland in the eighth century, the fortunes of the O'Haedha sept, on Bantry Bay, giving a little narrative interest. Archaeological notes are supplied by Eugene O'Curry. [2s., Duffy, Dublin.] Haliburton, Thomas Chandler [1797-1865]. The Clockmaker : the Sayings and Doings of Sam SHck of Slickville. 1838-41 Sam has some traits of an American Sam Weller — he is a witty rogue, fond of abusing people, especially his own countrymen — the Blue-noses — slangy, conceited, knowing how to do everything better than anybody else, always ready for a " trade " or a piece of practical roguery, fervently believes in the union of English and Americans, and expounds the author's high Tory opinions. This and the following novels contain little plot, but no ,end of yams, ludicrous fancies, and shrewd saws. HaHburton, who was Chief Justice in Nova Scotia, knew how to draw a sharp, life-hke, and terribly offensive caricature of Nova Scotians and Yankees, and no doubt many of his portraits were easily recognized at the time. The book founded the school that has produced " Artemus Ward " and " Mark Twain," not to mention Mr. Dooley and David Harum. [Edited by E. A. Baker (Half- forgotten Books), 2S., Routledge ; $1, Houghton, Boston.] The Letter Bag of the Great Western. 1839 Humorous sketches of Yankee manners and customs, in the form of letters supposed to be taken from the mail-bag of a steamship. [In his Works, 3 vols., Routledge : o.p.] The Attache ; or, Sam Slick in England. 1843-4 A satire on British manners and customs. [2s., Routledge ; $1.25, Dick, New York.] The Old Judge ; or, Life in a Colony. 1849 Sketches from life of people in Nova Scotia, in the shape of a tourist's narrative. The time referred to is that of the Canadian rebellion of 1837-8. The facetious effects are emphasized by innumerable puns, jests, double-ententes, and distorted spelling. [20c., Munro, New York.] Wise Saws and Modern Instances. 1853 A further collection of the doings and sayings of Sam Slick ; a mingling of worldly wisdom, commercial smartness, and pungent satire. [$1.25, Dick, New York: o.p.] 47 ENGLISH FICTION Haliburton, Thomas Chandler (continued). — Nature and Human Nature. 1855 Professes to deal with the same subject as Juvenal, the whole life of man. Full of character- istic aphorisms. [$1.25, Dick, New York: o.p.] Hall, Mrs. S. C. [Anna Maria, nee Fielding; 1802-81]. Sketches of Irish Character. 1829 Tries to portray the characters, ways, and surroundings of the villagers of Bannow, Co. Wexford — where she had lived as a girl — in the manner of Miss Mitford. [Illustrated by Cruikshank, Maclise, and others, 7s. 6d., Chatto, 1871.] The Whiteboy. 1845 A too optimistic story of a young Englishman who tries to improve the lot and engage the sympathies of the peasants during the Whiteboy troubles. [Routledge: o.p.] Stories of the Irish Peasantry. 1851 Twenty tales which endeavour to show that the enmity of landlord and peasant is due to misunderstanding, or the influence of bad habits such as intemperance, superstition, and general lack of discipline — which the author thinks might easily be remedied. [Chambers : o.p.] Hook, Theodore Edward [1788-1841]. Sayings and Doings. 3 Series. 1824-8 Novelettes of a farcical or serious kind ; many of the characters caricatures, or at least portraits of his friends and famiUars and of people well known in Society ; largely dealing with pleasantries and hoaxes ; e.g. The Sutherlands — a somewhat farcical story of two brothers, one headstrong, the other over-cautious, whose widely different matrimonial schemes land them both in disagreeable consequences. In Doubts and Fears — a thorough-going farce — a lady-killer intrigues simultaneously with his wife, separated from him, and her daughter, with lamentable results. Gervase Skinner — a stingy country bumpkin, lady- killer in an artless way — is made the victim of sharps and adventurers : this is a farcical sketch with a number of caricatures of pleasant and unpleasant people, among them Kekewich, who may have suggested Mr. Jingle. Cousin William is a sentimental Society tale of passion and its consequences. Frivolous stuff for the most part, yet not devoid of value for the delineations of contemporary life. [Pub. is., Bentley, 1872 : o.p.] Maxwell. , 1830 A plot-novel, hingeing on a mystery disclosed in the last chapters. The characters, as usual with Hook, much addicted to puns. Godfrey Moss, a queer mixture of generosity and egotism, vulgarity and refined habits, is said to be drawn from George IV's " led-parson," Cannon, [zs., Routledge, 1873 : o.p.] Gilbert Gurney. 1836 A boisterous comedy, made up chiefly of Hook's own escapades and the characters of his intimates, young men about town, with their practical jokes and smart talk. Satirical sketches of cockneys, dinners, and other jovial scenes, city society ; also anecdotes of real people, gibbeting their petty foibles. [2s., Routledge, 1871 : o.p.] Jack Brag. ' 1837 [2s., Routledge, 1873 : o.p.] The Ramsbottom Letters. 1872 An old lady's diary during a tour on the Continent, enlivened profusely by her malapropisms and strokes of unconscious humour, [o.p.] Howard, Edward [d. 1841]. Rattlin the Reefer. [juvenile] 1836 Jack Ashore. [juvenile] 1840 Nautical romances in a similar style to Marryat's, and often attributed to him, as they ap- peared anonymously under his editorship. The author also wrote The Old Commodore (1837), Outward Bound {1838), and Sir Henry Morgan the Buccaneer (1842). [3s. 6d., 2S., Routledge : o.p.] Hunt, James Henry Leigh [1784-1859]. Sir Ralph Esher, 1832 " Memoirs of a Gentleman of the Court of Charles II, including those of his friend. Sir Philip Heme " (c. 1662-5). [Colbum : o.p.] 48 NINETEENTH CENTURY, SECOND QUARTER James, George Payne Rainsford [i 801-60]. Richelieu; or, A Tale of France. 1829 James's first novel ; praised by Scott. The inner history of the ill-fated conspiracy of Cinq- Mars, 1642, and of the events leading to the fall of Richelieu, incorporated with a story of court intrigue. Louis XIII, Anne of Austria, and the Cardinal are drawn with care and learning. Chavigni, the bold, unscrupulous, good-hearted plotter, is a type that often reappears in James. St. Germains, Paris, the Bastille are the principal scenes. [2s., Routledge (?i, Duttou, New York).] De rOrme ; or, Le Comte de Soissons. 1830 Adventures among Pyrenean smugglers, the crimes of a diaboUcal noble, hairbreadth escapes, and grandiose scenery, in the style of Mrs. Eadcliffe. The revolt of the Catalans from PhiUp of Spain and the conspiracy of the Comte de Soissons are the historical matters introduced. (1619.) [2s., Routledge ($1, Dutton, New York).] Damley ; or, The Field of the Cloth of Gold. 1830 Old English life in Tudor times ; domestic scenes, pageants and revelry, court life, and the famous meeting of Henry and Francis (1519) ; with the wonted love romance and melo- drama worked in. [2s., Routledge (?i, Dutton, New York).] Philip Augustus ; or, The Brothers in Arms. 1831 Baronial France (c. 1199-1214) overrun by the rebellious banditti and free companies. The adventures of the Sire de Coucy, John of England's persecution and murder of Prince Arthur, and the battle of Bouvines (1214). History worked in with more than his usual care. [2s., Routledge ($1, Dutton, New York).] Henry Masterton ; or. The Adventures of a Young Cavalier. 1832 Autobiography of a Cavalier — a picture of the Royalist downfall that should be read with Scott's Woodstock. Shows the Roundheads in the same offensive light, confiscating the goods of malignants for their own benefit ; and represents the Puritans as snuffling hypocrites. That fine king's of&cer Goring, and the Parliamentarian Ireton, are vigor- ously portrayed (c. 1645-51). [2s., Routledge (%i, Dutton, New York).] • Mary of Burgundy ; or, The Revolt of Ghent. 1833 Similar in theme to Scott's Quentin Durward, but treated differently ; the turbulent history of the burghers of Flanders and their incessant revolts from their several lords. Heroine, Mary, daughter of Charles the Bold ; hero, the patriotic young President, Albert Maurice, citizen of Ghent (1456-77). [2s., Routledge ($1, Dutton, New York).] - — John Marston Hall ; or, The Little Ball of Fire. 1834 A sequel to Henry Masterton. The dazzling career of a conceited young Scot, during the plots and battles of the New Fronde (c. 1642-8) ; related by himself. Cond6, Turenne, Mazarin, and Anne of Austria are among the historical portraits. [2s., Routledge ($1, Dutton, New York).] One in a Thousand ; or. The Days of Henry Quatre. 1835 A novel of the League (1589-90), taking up the story of the Religious Wars just before the murder of Henry III and the battle of Ivry. With the romanticism of the complex plot are combined careful studies of the history, portraits of Henry IV, of the Duke of Mayenne, head of the Guises, and a vivacious picture of the Leaguers in Paris. [3s. 6d., 28., Routledge ($1.50, Harper, New York).] — Attila ; or, The Huns. 1837 A young Roman exile seeks an asylum in Attila's camp, and so becomes spectator of his devastating march across Europe against the Rome of Valentinian, and of the tremendous encounter between the Huns and the Visigoths (452—3). [2s., Routledge ($1, Dutton, New York).] — The Huguenot ; or, The French Protestants. 1838 Love and persecution in Poitou at time of Dragonnades and revocation of the Edict of Nantes (1685). Intrigues of ministers and favourites at the court of the Grand Monarque ; the crafty Louvois, bigoted Madame de Maintenon, Bossuet, and Marshal Schomberg. The horrors of the Bastille. [2s., Routledge ($1, Dutton, New York).] E 49 ENGLISH FICTION James, George Payne Rainsford (continued). — Henry of Guise ; or, The States of Blois. 1839 A novel of the League (1588), the Huguenot Henry of Navarre appearing in an unfavourable light. A brave young adherent of the great Duke is nominally hero as well as lover, but the true hero is Henry of Guise. Both he and the incompetent Henry III make sound historical portraits. The King's debaucheries at Vincennes and the factious state of Paris are impressively described. The finale is the Duke's assassination at Blois. [2s., Rout- ledge (?i, Dutton, New York).] The King's Highway ; or. In the Age of WiUiam III. 1840 The conspiracy of Fenwick, Barclay, and Chamock (1696-7). The King and the Duke of Berwick well portrayed. Jacobite plots, attempts to abduct, and highway robberies. [2s., Routledge (f i, Dutton, New York).] The Man-at-Arms. 1840 A Huguenot story of the third Rehgious War, that of Jarnac and Moncontour (1569-72) — a time marked by great disasters, the murder of Cond6 and the massacre of St. Bartholomew. The Catholic League and the Guises are in disfavour throughout, and their commander- in-chief, the Duke of Anjou, Queen Elizabeth's suitor, is the villain of the piece. [2s., Routledge ($1, Dutton, New York).] The Jacquerie. 1841 Time of the Hundred Years' War and the Jacquerie (1358). [2s., Routledge ($1, Dutton, New York).] The Brigand ; or, Corse de Leon. 1841 Opens amidst the Alpine scenery of Savoy, moves to Paris and the court, the Louvre and Fontainebleau, all elaborately depicted ; among the prominent figures are Diana of Poitiers and Henry II of France, with whose fatal wound in a tournament the narrative closes (1558-9). [2S., Routledge (|i, Dutton, New York).] The Woodman ; or, Bosworth Field. 1842 Richard III and the Earl of Richmond (Henry VII). [2s., Routledge; $1. Dutton, New York.] — — Forest Days ; or, Robin Hood. 1843 One of his best novels ; the Barons' Wars, Simon de Montfort, Prince Edward (I), and the battle of Evesharn. Scenes : Derbyshire, Notts, Sherwood Forest, and Worcestershire in 1265. [2S., Routledge ($1, Dutton, New York).] Agincourt ; or. The Times of Henry V. 1844 Rich in lore from historians, poets, and romancers — the chivalric story of Henry of Mon- mouth, as Shakespeare portrays him before his succession, and as victor at Agincourt ; with scenes of old English life in London and the countrj', pictures of the Burgundian court and of Flanders, and portraits of celebrities like Philip the Good, Count of Charolois, afterwards Duke of Burgundy (1413-5). [2s., Routledge ($1, Dutton, New York).] Arabella Stuart ; or. The Days of James I. 1844 Love story of Arabella and William Seymour, and plot to make her Queen ; a sentimental tragedy. Takes liberties with history. Harsh portraits of James I, his favourite Rochester, and the latter's paramour the Countess of Essex ; Raleigh, Cobham, Markham, etc., are introduced, with the Main Plot, Bye Plot, and the murder of Overbury (1603-15). [2s., Routledge (?i, Dutton, New York).] Rose d'Albret ; or, The Leaguers. 1844 A Radclifi&an romance of intrigue, with incidental pictures of France in the year of Ivry (1590), under the rule of Henry of Navarre, but torn asunder by the machinations of the League, headed by the Duke of Mayenne. [2s., Routledge (?i, Dutton, New York).] SO NINETEENTH CENTURY, SECOND QUARTER James, George Payne Rainsford (continued). — The Smuggler. 1845 A picture of smuggling and smugglers in Kent at middle of eighteenth century, with an account of how the trade received a crushing blow from the Customs and the military. General rufi&anism relieved by a few strong characters and by love-making under difficulties. The good-natured but gruff Mr. Zachary Croyland and his good-intentioned, meddhng sister supply low comedy. [2s., Routledge (|i. Button, New York).] Arrah Neil ; or, Times of Old. 1845 The historical part of this sentimental romance is one of the earliest episodes of the war, the attempt of the King's party to obteiin possession of Hull, the magazine of the north (1642). Capt. Barecolt, one of James's few low-comedy characters, is a tolerable reflection of Capt. Dalgetty. [2s., Routledge ($1, Button, New York).] Heidelberg ; or, The Winter- King. 1846 The first part a glowing picture of Heidelberg, the Rhine and the Neckar, and the gorgeous court of Frederick V, Elector Palatine, the " Winter-King." The last is a narrative of his disasters as King of Bohemia, the battle of the Weissenberg, the fall of Prague, and the sack of Heidelberg (1619-20). His wife Elizabeth, daughter of our James I and ancestress of the Hanoverian line, is a tragic figure. [2s., Routledge ($1, Button, New York).] The Castle of Ehrenstein ; or, A Romance of Princes. 1847 A romance of mediaeval Germany, vaguely connected with history (c. 1208-12). The struggles and intrigues of princes and barons, fitfully controlled by the authority of Emperor and Pope. [2s., Routledge ($1, Button, New York).] Gowrie ; or. The King's Plot. 1851 The Gowrie conspiracy (1599-1600). Author assumes that James VI (I of England), his special bete noire, fabricated the plot in order to do a blameless young noble to death. Padua, France, Scotland. [2s., Routledge ($i. Button, New York).] The Old Dominion. . 1856 A romance of Virginia and the Southampton massacre (1831). [2s., Routledge ($1, Button, New York).] Leonora d'Orco ; or. The Times of Caesar Borgia. 1857 The " veracious history " of Leonora and Lorenzo Visconti (1494-5). The troublous times of the French Charles VIII's invasion of Italy, of Caesar Borgia and Leonardo da Vinci. [2s., Routledge ($1, Button, New York).] Jerrold, William Douglas [1803-57]. M!rs. Caudle's Curtain Lectures. 1846 The comic irony of wedlock ; a shrewish wife's nocturnal harangues at her husband : originally appeared in PmjzcA. [is., Bradbury ; 2S., W. Scott, 1891 ; illusiratedbyC.Keene, 10s. 6d.,. Bradbury, 1888.] Landon, Letitia Elizabeth [Mrs. Maclean; 1802-38]. Ethel Churchill; or,' The Two Brides. 1837^ The days of the first Georges ; a touching story, with some wit and tender sentiment in the- dialogue. Historic characters come on the stage, e.g. Sir Robert Walpol6. [o.p.] Landor, Walter Savage [1775-1864]. Pericles and Aspasia. 1836- The most famous example of Landor's stately dialogues. Fills in the story of Pericles and the brilliant hetaira, told in outline by historians ; and gives a vivid idea of the intellectual and social Kfe of Athens in the Golden Age, Alcibiades, Socrates, Aristophanes, Anaxa- goras, Sophocles, etc., figuring in this series of familiar letters. Landor's majestic periods, sculptured epigrams, and polished verse are admirably suited to the nobility of the theme. [is. 6d., Scott ; 3s. 6d. n.. Bent ; 63s. n. (Chiswick Lib. of Noble Writers), Bell.] Lauder, Sir Thomas Dick [1784-1848]. The Wolfe of Badenoch. 1827 Career of Alexander Stewart, Earl of Buchan {d. 1394), son of Robert II (1371-90). Strong in local and antiquarian colour relating to the Speyside region and Morayshire ; (1388-94). [o.p.l 51 ENGLISH FICTION Levee, Charles James [1806-72]. The Confessions of Harry Lorrequer. 1839-40 Loosely connected stories and sketches of garrison life in Cork, full of high spirits and jocu- larity, very Irish in the stagey sense, very unreal. " All the pleasures of life are set before us ; wit, wine, and women, fighting and loving, daring leaps, absurd hoaxes, mad Irish- men." Thackeray parodied it as a prominent example of that once flourishing book the rollicking novel in his Novels by Eminent Hands, christening the boisterous hero Harry RoUicker. [is. 6d., 2s., Routledge ($1, Dutton, New York) ; 2 vols., $5, Little & Brown ; illustrated by " Phiz," 3s. 6d. ($1.25), Macmillan.] Charles O'Malley, the Irish Dragoon. 1841 A random and reckless chronicle {1808-14) °f boisterous fun, personal humours, love-making, and martial adventures, many good stories being redressed. After Donegal and Dublin, the Peninsular War, and the romantic countries and inhabitants of Portugal, Spain, and France, furnish the mise en seine and never-ending chances of adventure, and of comic and tragic incident. The humorous figure Major Monsoon is a real personage, who assigned to Lever, for a consideration, the right to use him and his adventures. Baby Blake, the romping Irish girl, is another sketch from life ; and Mickey Free, with his farcical eccen- tricities and droll repartee, a diverting specimen of the Irish lower classes. [3s. 6d. ($1.25), 2s., IS., 6d., (%i), Routledge; 2 vols., illustrated by Rackham, 2s. 6d., Nisbet ($1, Putnam, New York); 1897, $5, Little & Brown, Boston.] — — Jack Hinton. 1841 Another diverting farrago of love-making, high life in Dublin, adventure, and rolHcking humour. Full of portraits, e.g. Curran, and others nearly as well known in their day ; Father Tom Loftus (sketched from Rev. Michael Comyns), a not overdrawn portrait of the jolly Irish priest ; Tipperary Joe, a good low-comedy character ; Corny Delaney, Mrs. P. Rooney, etc., all taken from life. The dialogue is piquant and racy, and makes effective use of the brogue, [is. 6d., 2S., Routledge ; illustrated by " Phiz," 3s. 6d. ($1.25), Macmillan; 2 vols., $5, Little & Brown, Boston.] Arthur O'Leary. 1844 A miscellany of adventures based on Lever's own experiences — hfe in Canada, student life at Gottingen, the Napoleonic wars, etc? [is. 6d., 2S., Routledge ($1, Dutton, New York); illustrated by Cruikshank, 3s. 6d. (Si. 25), Macmillan.] Tom Burke of Ours. 1844 A similar yarn about Irish soldiers on service abroad, in the wars of the Consulate and Em- pire ; the Peninsular chapters founded largely on Napier's history of that war. "The usual infusion of Irish anecdote ; the sketches from French life based on Lever's own ex- periences. Napoleon appears, and the Austerlitz and Jena campaigns are described with considerable fullness, [is. 6d., 2s., Routledge ($1, Dutton, New York) ; illustrated by " Phiz," 3s. 6d. ($1.25), Macmillan; 2 vols., $5, Little & Brown, BostonJ — — The O'Donoghue. 1845 Portrays the decaying gentry at the time preceding the outbreak of 1798, when French emissaries were stirring up discontent, and the armament led by Hoche was in preparation. The selfish old chief of the' O'Donoghues, brooding in his ruined tower over the lost glories ■of his house, the moody son, tempted and betrayed by detestable miscreants who made a trafi&c in conspiracy, are melancholy creatures. The fruitless efforts of a rich EngHsh- man to ameliorate the lot of his tenants produce a sad comedy, young ladies provide love- making of a genteel romantic kind, and there is a plenteous flow of Irish humour. [3s. 6d. (I1.25), IS., 6d., Downey; $3, Routledge, New York.] The Knight of Gwynne. 1847 A thoughtful study of Irish hfe and character (1808-24), a-* the time of the legislative union, founded on Lever's own experiences in Antrim and Derry. The Knight is an ideal picture of an Irish gentleman, courageous, loyal, high-minded, and chivalrous ; supposed to be a portrait of the Knight of Kerry. [2 vols., each is., Routledge.] — The Martins of Cro' Martin. 1847 Shows the practical working of the Emancipation Act ; scene, Connemara, where the selfish landlord Martin is defeated at an election and leaves his estates in disgust to the tender mercies of an agent. [2 vols., each 3s. 6d., Routledge : o.p.] S2 NINETEENTH CENTURY, SECOND QUARTER Lever, Charles James {continued). — Roland Cashel. 1850 A characteristic story of adventure, love, and legal intrigue, Roland being nearly kept out of his estates by a villain, and from his true love by an old flame from Columbia. The Dean of Drumcondra is drawn from Archbishop Whately. [2 vols., 7s., Routledge : o.p.] The Daltons.. 1852 His longest novel. The selfishness of an absentee landlord, incidents of the Austro-Italian war of 1848, and the ItaUan revolution, military life in Austria and Italy, Anglo-Itahan hfe at Florence, the doings of priests, etc. [2 vols., each 3s. 6d., Routledge : o.p.] Maurice Tiemay, the Soldier of Fortune. 1852 A story of the Napoleonic wars, the French attempt on Ireland, etc. (1793-1809). [3s. 6d., Routledge, o.p. ; $1, Harper, New York.] The Dodd Family Abroad. 1853-4 The Continental adventures of a family whose heads are full of absurd notions as to the manners and customs of foreigners ; related in letters by the actors themselves on the plan of SmoUett's Humphry Clinker, bringing out the foibles of each writer. The Dodds are not altogether caricatures, but typify the prejudices, self-assertiveness, and ignorance of the British traveller. Written in Italy. [2 vols., 7s., Routledge, o.p. ; $1.25, Harper, New York.] The Confessions of Con Cregan. 1854 An Irish Gil Bias in the style of his early tales. Pubhshed anonymously, it was attributed to a new and formidable rival of Lever's, whose contemporaneous book. The Daltons, was compared with it unfavourably. [3s. 6d., Routledge : o.p.] Sir Jasper Carew. 1855 Jasper's autobiography is prolific in adventure. He is mixed up with the wild social life and turbulent politics of Dublin in the early days of the Irish Parhament, is implicated in revolutionary schemes in France, a secret agent in London, etc. Covers the period c. 1782-1805. [o.p.] The Fortunes of Glencore. 1857 A plot-novel written to prove that Lever's talent was the unravelling of human motive. Lord Glencore misjudges his wife and disowns his son, all being made right after a variety of adventures in W. Ireland and in Italy. Billy Fraynor is the fun-maker of the story. [3s. 6d., Routledge : o.p.] Davenport Dimn. 1859 Another picaresque novel — the astonishing histories of two adventurers. Dunn is a financial swindler, whose operations involve the fortunes of princes, and whose daily hfe is an in- cessant alternation of luxurious indulgence and rapid achievement ; the other scoundrel is a " leg," whose sporting cheats are on a like scale, and who eventually knocks his rival on the head. [2 vols., 7s., Routledge : o.p.] One of Them. 1861 A minor story utiUzing Lever's own experiences as a Consul abroad. From N. Ireland the story shifts to Florence, with scenes of diplomatic life, and a plenty of sensational incident. Quackinboss, a droll Yankee, and a nondescript Irish M.P. are the principal figures. [3s. 6d., Routledge, o.p. ; 50c., Harper, New York.] Barrington. 1862 Social and domestic life among middle-class people in Co. Kilkenny. A fire-eating major and a country doctor are capital figures. Young George Barrington's character and story are those of Lever's own son. [3s. 6d., Routledge : o.p.] A Day's Ride. 1864 A Quixotic extravaganza — the Irish and Continental adventures of a Dublin apothecary's son, Mr. Algernon Sydney Potts. [3s. 6d., Routledge: o.p.] S3 ENGLISH FICTION Lever, Charles James {continued). — Tony Butler. 1865 Diplomatic life, the Garibaldian War, etc. Major M'Caskey, soldier of fortune, is the purveyor of comedy, [o.p.] Luttrell of Arran. 1865 A romantic story of the Arran Isles and Donegal. Young Luttrell's bride; a peasant girl brought up to be a lady, is one of Lever's best women characters. [3s. 6d., Routledge : o.p.] Sir Brooke Fossbrooke. 1866 Reproduces much of the humour and frolic of his earlier tales, the mess-room scene in the officers' quarters at Dubhn, with which it opens, recalling the sprightly comedy of Harry Lorrequer. The vigorous story that follows, however, is more serious, though hardly better, in its characterization and portraiture of real life. [3s. 6d., Routledge, o.p. ; 50c., Harper, New York.] The Bramleighs of Bishop's Folly. 1868 The Bramleighs are a family of rich parvenus, divided into three camps, one headed by an exclu.sive lady, an earl's daughter, who has married for money ; another composed of Col. Bramleigh and his set, who fight by fair means and foul against a French pretender to the estates ; and a third composed of three honourable and straightforward younger people, who are the peace party. The attack and repulse of the claimant cause much tragi- comedy, and bring out forcibly the heterogeneous characters of the family. Scenes : Co. Londonderry about Coleraine and Italy. [3s. 6d., Routledge, o.p. ; 50c., Harper, New York.] That Boy o' Norcott's. 1869 A lively and romantic story, full of striking characters of a very various and very theatrical type. The hero enters the business house of a Jew, and loves his master's daughter ; is sent by her on a mission to Hungary, and falls in with the inamorata of his father, just as she is widowed. [3s. 6d., Routledge, o.p. ; 25c., Harper, New York.] Lord Kilgobbin. 1872 Pictures of a Bohemian and thoroughly Irish section of Society. Kilgobbin is a wellnigh ruined squireen, one of James II's unrecognized peers, a reckless, cheerful Hibernian ; Atlee is a characteristic hero of Lever's, a Trinity student of boundless abihty, versatile, ambitious, and a bit of a charlatan, who makes himself a career in spite of obstacles ; the heroine, half-Irish daughter of a Greek prince and adventurer, is another of those all- conquering beauties, around whom Fenians, soldiers, pohticians, and Vice- Regal officials gather as lovers. [3s. 6d., Routledge, o.p. ; $1, Harper, New York ; illustrated by Luke Fildes, 3s. 6d. ($1.25), Macmillan.] Gerald Fitzgerald the Chevalier. 1899 Adventures of a legitimate son of the Young Pretender. He is recognized as a claimant to the English Crown, and comes in contact with Mirabeau, Alfieri, Madame Roland, the Pre- tender and his court at Rome, etc. Appeared as a serial in the Dublin University Magazine ; republished twenty-seven years after Lever's death. [6s., Downey, o.p. ; $1.50, New Amsterdam Book Co., New York ; 40c., Harper, New York.] Lover, Samuel [i 797-1868]. Rory O'More. 1837 Rory is an idealization of Irish good-nature, suggested by Lover's popular song " Rory O'More." Essays to prove that a few desperadoes were responsible for the more heinous atrocities of the '98, and that the Irish peasantry are naturally too kind-hearted to commit such excesses. Tries to be serious, but cannot help falHng into melodrama and the broadest comedy, [is. 6d., 2s., Routledge (f i, Dutton, New York) ; edited with introd. by D. J. O'Donoghue, 3s. 6d., Constable.] Handy Andy. 1842-3 The blunders and misadventures of a happy-go-lucky servant, an exaggeration of the stage Irishman, with other laughable episodes introducing more stage characters, gentry, peasants, and vagabonds, [is. 6d., 2s., Routledge ($1, Dutton, New York) ; edited ■with crit. introd. by D. J. O'Donoghue, 3s. 6d., Constable.] 54 NINETEENTH CENTURY, SECOND QUARTER Lover, Samuel {continued). — Legends and Stories of Ireland. 1844 Localized romances and racy scraps of folklore worked up into stories with a plot, mostly comic and farcical. Among the most laughable are The Gridiron, Paddy the Sport, and the mock-epic Barny O'Reirdon the Navigator, the buoyant, muddle-headed hero of which follows into the Atlantic a ship bound for Bengal, in the belief that he will reach the fabulous paradise of Fingal. [With introd. by D. J. O'Donoghue, 3s. 6d., Constable ; 2s. 6d., 2S., Ward & Lock ; $1.50, Sadlier, New York.] Lytton, Edward George Earle Lytton Bulwer, Lord [1803-73]. Falkland. 1827 A sentimental romance of illicit passion, which Lytton withdrew from circulation in his collected works on account of its doubtful morality. [Published in his works (infra) in the vol. containing Zicci, which is a short sketch of Zanoni and first appeared in The Monthly Chronicle of 1841. Pelham ; or, The Adventures of a Gentleman. 1828 A brilliant and precocious delineation of a man of the world, aiming to show that worldly experience may be rightly used without corrupting a man's heart or debasing his ideals. Superficially, Pelham is frivolous, foppish, and efEeminate, but underneath he is a man of principle and high ambition. Many sketches of people then living, and not a little satire. Devereux. 1829 An historical novel in which Lord Bolingbroke figures prominently, and minor parts are taken by Steele, Addison, and Swift, Pope, Col. Cleland (supposed original of Will Honeycomb), Beau Fielding (" Orlando " of The Spectator), Kneller, CoUey Cibber, Richard Cromwell, Lady M. Wortley Montagu, the Duke of Wharton, etc. The Disowned. 1829 A " metaphysical " novel, the characters representing allegorically certain moral qualities. Attempts to relieve the abstract nature of the plot by episodes of passion and the adven- tures of two heroes and a gigantic scoundrel who is sketched from a notorious swindler. Paul Clifford. 1830 Denounces " a vicious Prison Discipline and a sanguinary Penal Code " ; advocates a reforma- tory method. A very tragic story with a " gentleman highwayman " for hero, and a dramatic climax confronting father and son as judge and criminal. Thackeray in The Yellowplush Memoirs and elsewhere treated Lytton and his glorified scoundrels and innocent criminals to much wholesome satire. Eugene Aram. 1832 One of Lytton's sympathetic studies of criminals — the story of the famous murderer, executed 1759. As a critic sarcastically put it, " How Eugene Aram, though a thief, a Uar, and a murderer, yet being intellectual, was amongst the noblest of mankind." Godolphin. 1833 The Pilgrims of the Rhine. 1834 An extravaganza mingling elves and fairies with more mundane creatures, and propounding his ideas of human life. The English fairies visit their kindred of the Rhineland. The Last Days of Pompeii. 1834 A learned and fairly successful picture of the splendid and luxurious Roman society of the reign of Titus (a.d. 79), based for its local colour on Lytton's study of the Pompeian antiquities and Pliny's famous account of the eruption. Rienzi, the Last of the Tribunes. 1835 Another romance in which Lytton tried to rival Scott. It gives a careful historical picture of the stormy politics of Rome and Italy in the period 1313-54, and Rienzi's fight for ItaUan freedom and unity. Ernest Maltravers ; and Alice, or The Mysteries. 1837-8 A complicated love-romance, the sequel giving the solution of an extremely hazardous plot. Maltravers, a rich and aristocratic young man (whose literary brilliance seems a reflection of Lytton's), loves and loses a beautiful girl of the lowest class, seeks consolation in distant travel and adventure, and parades hke Byron " the pageant of a bleeding heart." Politics, social intrigue, legal plots, and a murder or so, lead on to a conclusion satisfying to the most ardent sentimentalist. [Published in 1838 as parts i and 2 of The Eleusinia.] SS ENGLISH FICTION Lytton, Edward George Earle Lytton Bulwer, Lord {continued). — Leila. 1838 A Spanish and Moorish romance, laid amid the stormy incidents of the conquest of Granada. Night and Morning. 1841 A romantic and highly improbable story of great length, as profuse in coincidence as most of Ly tton's, reciting the fortunes of two sons of a wealthy man who had concealed his marriage and left no proofs of their right to the estates. Exciting adventures and hair-breadth escapes in England and abroad, villainous doings among sharpers and coiners in Paris, love complications, etc., come to an end with the recovery of the missing documents. Zanoni. 1842 A story of a secret brotherhood, of remote origin, who possess the secret of eternal youth, a subject that obsessed Lytton. The hero, having lived many centuries, marries a lovely opera singer, resigning his gifts of supernatural vision and immortality, and perishes in the Reign of Terror. A gloomy and, at times, a ghastly story, but Lytton's favourite. Zicci is a first sketch of this novel. The Last of the Barons. 1843 The tragic story of Warwick the King-Maker and his strife with Edward IV. The battle of Bamet (1471) is described at length, and besides dealing with the facts of history, the novel attempts to analyse in a philosophical manner the social tendencies of this changeful epoch. — — Lucretia ; or, Children of the Night. 1847 An adaptation of the story of Thomas .Griffiths Waiuewright, the virtuoso and poisoner. Lucretia, the arch-criminal, is a character with redeeming traits ; but the rest of the villains and their nefarious deeds are so revolting that the book aroused a good deal of protest at the time of its appearance. Harold ; or, The Last of the Saxon Kings. 1848 The tragic history of Harold's fall ; elaborate descriptions of the battles of Stamford Bridge and Hastings and of English Ufe in the iith century ; accurate historically. The Caxtons. 1849 The first of a series of novels of manners embodying a criticism of life grounded on Ljrtton's theory of the Real and the Ideal. Takes the form of family memoits by the hero Pisistratus Caxton. The blend of reahsm and didacticism is Lytton's own, but the manner is evidently much influenced by Sterne. The scenes of high society and of poHtical life (re the most important. Various types of Englishmen are drawn at fuU length — the modest, reserved, and scholarly gentleman, who is the head of the family ; the stern and romantic soldier uncle and his adventurous son ; the sanguine speculator. Uncle Jack, with his disastrous schemes ; and the high-minded and high-bred Sedley Beaudesert. My Novel ; or, Varieties of English Life. 1853 Continues the theme of The Caxtons — " the amusements, the pleasures, and the passions of the idle members of English society," on a broad canvas. A multitude of characters are intro- duced, chiefly consisting of a wealthy country squire and his family, their connexions, and the magnates "and ordinary inhabitants of the parish. What Will he do with it ? 1858 Another novel by " Pisistratus Caxton " in the style of The Caxtons and My Novel. — The Haunted and the Haunters. 1859 A short story that came out in Blackwood — a masterpiece of supernatural horror, far more consistently impressive than the following, which is usually bound up with it. — A Strange Story. 1862 A grisly story of supernatural influence, on a more elaborate scale, and with a regular plot and a number of characters, believers or sceptics. Has a good deal of the stage trickery consecrated to ghost literature, but attains some thrilling effects of horror and illusion by subtler psychological means. S6 NINETEENTH CENTURY, SECOND QUARTER Lytton, Edward George Earle Lytton Bulwer, Lord {continued). The Coming Race. 1871 An Utopian romance embodjring a philosophical criticism of humanity. The scene is below the surface of the earth, where a branch of the human race, lost ages ago, has developed a higher order of civilization and of mechanical art. — — Kenelm Chillingly. 1873 Another didactic novel developing his philosophy of the Real and the Ideal, and criticizing everyday life. The heir to a baronet, bom in luxury and educated in the latest modem ideas, becomes a sceptic and iconoclast. Wearjang, however, of an empty life, he goes among the workers, himself becomes a worker, and so learns a saner philosophy. From active philanthropy among the poor, he comes back to more effective work for humanity in his natural sphere. The Parisians. 1873 Aims at a general view of Parisian society in all its ranks and phases — the old noblesse, financial and industrial magnates, Bohemians, workmen and socialists, with their various interests and activities, at the period ending in the siege of Paris. Philosophical and didactic like the foregoing — the characters often mere mouthpieces for the doctrines of Lord Lytton. [2 vols.] — — Pausanias the Spartan. 1876 A posthumous historical romance (relating to 470 B.C.), unfinished, ed. by Lytton's son. [Editions of Lytton's Works, published by Routledge: (New Knebworth Edn.), 29 vols., each 3s. 6d. (?i.50. Button, New York) ; (Stevenage Edn.), 29 vols., each 2s. ($1, Dutton, New York); (Edinburgh Edn.), 12 vols., illustrated by E. F. Sherie, $24, Knight, New York, 1908.] Macfarlane, Charles \_d. 1858]. The Camp of Refuge. 1846 An extremely vivid story of Hereward's famous stand against the Conqueror in the Fens of Ely. Aims at historical accuracy rather than romance, and achieves a most convincing ■oicture of everyday life in town and cloister. [Edited by (Sir) G. L. Gomme, maps, etc., 3s. 6d., Constable (?i. 50, Longman, New York), 1897; ed. by E. A. Baker (Half-forgotten Books), 2S., Routledge, 1904.] A Legend of Reading Abbey. 1846 A siinilar account of the turbulent state of England in the reign of Stephen (1135-54), centring in the vicissitudes that befell the monks of Reading. [Edited by (Sir) G. L. Gomme, maps, etc., 3s. 6d., Constable ($1.50, Longman, New York), 1898; ed. by E. A. Baker (Half- forgotten Books), 2s., Routledge, 1904.] The Dutch in the Medway. 1847 Deals with a disgraceful episode of English history, the blockading of the Thames by a Dutch fleet under De Ruyter (1667, reign of Charles II), which was followed by the ignominious Peace of Breda. Founded on Pepys, who is one of the characters of the domestic story. [With Foreword by S. R. Crockett, 3s. 6d., J. Clarke, 1897.] Maginn, William [1794-1842]. Miscellaneous Works — Prose and Verse ; ed. R. W. Montagu. 1885 Chiefly facetious miscellanies composed on the same plan as the Nodes A mbrosiancs, as, e.g. the Memoirs and the Maxims of Morgan O'Doherty. There are short stories also, e.g. The Man in the Bell, Bob Burke's Duel with Ensign Brady, and — the most famous — A Story without a Tail. [2 vols., 24s., Low: o.p. ($9.60, Scribner, New York).] Marryat, Capt. Frederick [1792-1848]. Frank Mildmay ; or, The Naval Officer. 1829 Marryat had served as midshipman under Lord Cochrane on board the Impdrieuse, and wrote this sea-novel on board the Ariadne. In two and a half years' service he is said to have seen fifty engagements, many very brilliant ; and he had authentic material for the Ufe of perpetual adventure and activity that is here described. Certain notabilities of his day are supposed to be sketched among the characters, and the book is made up of reminiscences, except that it has a fictitious plot and hero. 57 ENGLISH FICTION Marry AT, Captain Frederick (continued). — The King's Own. 1830 His first book, Frank Mildmay, was made up of reminiscences in the form of fiction; this, constructed of like materials, is more of a novel. The opening chapters give a full account of the mutiny at the Nore (1797), followed by the adventures of a daring smuggler, who impresses the young hero into his crew. It is in this novel that appears the famous story of an English captain who deliberately loses his frigate on a lee shore in order to wreck a French line-of -battle ship. ■ Newton Forster. 1832 Has a romantic plot, opening with a terrible shipwreck and the rescue of an infant, who in the end proves to be the heiress of a French marquis that Newton becomes acquainted with in the West Indies. Farcical scenes of connubial strife, society on shipboard, wrecks, escapes, and the usual frolics and escapades. Peter Simple. 1834 Much more natural and racy ; the journal of a sailor, from the day he is entered as midship- man to his marriage and retirement as Lord Privilege. Peter, the supposed dunce, with his real sagacity, his misadventures and lucky escapes from every peril and quandary ; the pungent character-sketches, like Mr. Chucks and romancing Capt. Kearney, escapes from shipwreck, cutting-out expeditions, and adventures of the fugitive prisoners, make up a lively and humorous picture of naval life. Jacob Faithful. 1834 The hero tells his own story from infancy upwards. His life at a charity school, apprentice- ship to a Thames waterman and life on the river till he and young Tom get impressed and see service on board a frigate, are episodes crammed with ludicrous incident. The vulgar Turnbulls and their attempts to be fashionable, the theatrical picnic party, the " Domine," and the incurable punster. Old Tom, provide continual mirth. Mr. Midshipman Easy. 1836 Founded, like his first novel, on Marryat's personal experiences of active service round the coasts of France and Spain during the great war ; full of thrilling episodes, rich in salt- water character (Mr. Easy is specially humorous), full also of yarns which Munchausen might have fathered. Japhet in Search of a Father. 1836 Not a sea novel ; a picaresque story pure and simple, displaying the author's usual fun and fondness for rolUcking, exaggerated idiosyncrasy. Snarleyyow ; or, The Dog Fiend. 1837 A story of Wilham Ill's reign. The dog which plays such a prominent role belongs to a rascally lieutenant commanding a small vessel hunting for smugglers. The lieutenant's avarice gets him mixed up with the Jacobites, and when he has quite filled up the cup of his cruelties and treachery, it is at their hands he meets with his doom. Lieut. Vansly- perken and his dog are grotesques, verging on the horrible ; but the story has many episodes of characteristic fun and comedy, while Short and the Widow are dehghtfuUy humorous. — The Phantom Ship. 1839 A seventeenth-century narrative ; the story of Philip Vanderdecken's arduous search for and successful but calamitous discovery of his father, the " Flying Dutchman." — Masterman Ready ; or. The Wreck of the " Pacific." 1841 A well-meaning story that children like — a wreck, Crusoe Mfe on an island, a fight with savages, and the heroic death of the fine old sailor, Masterman Ready, through the carelessness of a naughty boy. The Children of the New Forest. [juvenile] 1847 Fortunes of a Royalist family near Lymington (1647). [Editions of Marryat's Novels, published by Routledge : (King's Own Edn.), ed. by W. L. Courtney, 24 vols., ea. with 6 photogravures, ea. 3s. 6d. ($1.25, Button, New York) ; (Frank Mildmay Edn.), 20 vols., ea. 2s. Illustrated by Townsend, Sullivan, Barnard', Brock, Overend, and others, 12 of the novels, ea. 3s. 6d. ($1.50), Macmillan ; ed. by R. Brimley Johnson, 22 vols., ea. with 3 etchings, ea. 3s. 6d. n.. Dent.] 58 NINETEENTH CENTURY, SECOND QUARTER Martineau, Harriet [1802-76]. Deerbrook. 1839 A village story of the good old-fashioned sort, describing two rival families, their narrowness and jealousy, and the evils of gossip. Miss Martineau had already made money and reputation by her stories illustrating the science of political economy, taxation, the poor law, etc. — Illustrations of Political Economy, 9 vols., 1832-4 — a striking outcome of the rage for the diffusion of useful knowledge. She considered Deerbrook her best work. [2s. 6d., 8vo, Smith and Elder.] ' The Hour and the Man. 1840 An early Uncle Tom's Cabin. The man is Toussaint I'Ouverture, and the hour that of the black revolution in Hayti (1791-1803). Toussaint is an almost incredible paragon, and the sav- agery and guilt of the native chiefs are not recognized by the author, who makes an idyll out of a series of frightful convulsions. She keeps fairly close to the historical records, but her knowledge of local conditions was ridiculed by Judge Hahburton in Sam Slick, and it is obvious that she was unduly fascinated by the idea of a negro acting successfully in the sphere of political and social government upon the principles she most cherished. [Edited by E. A. Baker (Half-forgotten Books), 2s., Routledge, 1904 ($1, Dutton, New York).] The Playfellow. 1841 A series of children's stories — still readable — comprising Settlers at Home, The Peasant and the Prince, Feats on the Fiord, and Crofton Boys, [o.p.] Maxwell, William Hamilton [1792-1850]. Stories of Waterloo. 1829 A farrago of Irish stories, sensational, with a dash of Hibernian character and local colouring. [Edited by E. A. Baker (Half-forgotten Books), 2s., Routledge (?i, Dutton, New York).] The Bivouac ; or. Stories of the Peninsular War. 1837 Stories in the manner of Lever's war-tales. [2s., Routledge : o.p. ; also 6d.] Miller, Thomas [1807-74]. Royston Gower ; or. The Days of King John. 1838 An historical romance of Nottingham Castle and Sherwood Forest. [2s., Ward & Lock.] Gideon Giles the Roper. 1840 Miller, the " Basket-maker " of Nottingham, was a humble poet and nature-lover who in this novel, much of which is conventional rubbish, managed to picture the rustic Midlander of his time (the Chartist period) with remarkable truth and lifelikeness. Ben Brust, the indefatigable trencherman, with his primitive philosophy of life, is a character drawn with real humour. [Edited by E. A. Baker (Half-forgotten Books), 2S., Routledge (|i, Button, New York).] Moir, David Macbeth [1798-1851]. Life of Mansie Wauch, Tailor in Dalkeith. 1828 Dr. Moir, the " Delta " of Maga and a minor poet, in this portrayal of a simple-minded, hard- working man, and in the pathetic episode of the love-sick apprentice from the Lammer- moors, wrote a novel worthy to stand on the shelf near John Gait : many of the scenes are strongly akin to the boisterous conviviality of the Nodes Ambrosiancs. [2s. 6d., is. 6d., Blackwood, 1895 ; with notes by F. Henderson, is. 6d. n., Methuen, 1902.] Newman, John Henry, Cardinal [1801-90]. Loss and Gain. 1848 More of a platonic dialogue than a novel ; subject, the Roman supremacy and the defects of Anglicanism ; the hero, a projection of Newman's own personality, at once shy and bold, simple and profound, occasionally satirical. The story of his conversion brings in some intimate and delicate sketches of Oxford life. [3s. 6d. (I1.25), Longman.] CaUista : a Sketch of the 3rd Century. 1856 The story of an African martyr, (c. 250), with interesting studies of demoniacal possession, religious emotion, and the fear of eternal punishment. Divagations on theological and devotional questions. [3s. 6d. (^1.25), Longman.] Rathbone, Hannah Mary [nee Reynolds ; 1798-1878]. So much of the Diary of Lady Willoughby as relates to her Domestic History, and to the eventful Period of the Reign of Charles I, the Protectorate, and the Restoration. 1844-7 59 ENGLISH FICTION Both in style and format this was a charmingly successful attempt to reproduce a book of the period. Miss Manning (q.v.) modelled her Mary Powell (1850) and other domestic novels of past days on Mrs. Rathbone's little masterpiece, without, however, equalling her model. A sequel came out in 1847 and was embodied in the 1848 edn. [o.p.] Reach, Angus Bethune [1821-56]. Clement Lorimer ; or, The Book with the Iron Clasps. 1849 Tale of a vendetta, dating from 1610, between a Corsican and a Flemish family. Scene in London (c. 1833-4), where, with a variety of episodes in the style of Dickens, the feud is extinguished by the marriage of the survivors of the two houses. [2s., Routledge : o.p.] Leonard Lindsay ; or. The Story of a Buccaneer. 1850 Adventures of a Scottish sailor in the West Indies from 1672 onwards. Exploits of a party of English buccaneers, or brethren of the coast, in Santo Domingo, Jamaica, etc., opposing the Spaniards and searching for buried treasure. Good description of the operations of the true buccaneers. [2s., Routledge : o.p.] Robinson, Emma. Whitefriars ; or, The Court of Charles II. 1844 A descriptive romance of the Popish Plot, Rye House Plot, Restoration London — ^Alsatia, the thieves' paradise ; Titus Dates, Col. Blood, Shaftesbury, Buckingham, Charles II, and Claude Duval (1666-83). A glowing tableau of the Great Fire. [Edited by E. A. Baker (Half -forgotten Books), 2S., Routledge ($1, Dutton, New York).] Whitehall ; or. The Days of Charles I. 1845 [2s., Routledge.] Caesar Borgia. 1853 A Florentine novel ; one of the best pictures of that age. [o.p.] RoDWELL, George Herbert Buonaparte [1800-52]. Old London Bridge : a Romance of the i6th Century. 1849 Rodwell was proprietor of the Adelphi and a musician. This is a sensational version of the story told in more restrained style by Anne Manning in The Colloquies of Edward Osborne, the London apprentice who founded the ducal house of Leeds (1536-59). [Edited by E. A. Baker (Half-forgotten Books), 2S., Routledge ($1, Dutton, New York).] Scott, Michael [i 789-1835]. Tom Cringle's Log. 1833 Scott was a Glasgow merchant who travelled widely and lived in the W. Indies, collecting from all over the world the miscellaneous characters who people his two novels of adven- ture by sea and land, two novels as full as any books in our maritime literature of the veritable ocean magic. This is a wonderful farrago of thrilUng adventure and brilliant pictures of the sea, ostensibly the diary of a midshipman during the great world-struggle of 1813. The scene shifts to the West Indies, Jamaica, Bermuda, Cuba, and other places, giving extensive descriptions of the scenery, towns, and inhabitants. Encounters with American frigates, with smugglers and privateers, droll anecdotes, Tom's kidnapping and life aboard the Torch and the Wave, make a picturesque and animated narrative which never slackens ; and the characters, e.g. Obediah, the Yankee pirate, Aaron Bang, the punster and buffoon (copied from life as they probably were), provide any amount of rough humour and horseplay. First appeared (1829) in Blackwood's Magazine. [3s. 6d., 2S., Blackwood; 2s., Routledge. Illustrated: 2s. 6d. ($1.50), Macmillan, 1895; 3S- 6d., Blackwood, 1895 • 2 vols., 5s. n., Gibbings ($2, Lippincott, Philadelphia).] The Cruise of the " Midge." 1834 The second novel is exactly similar in scheme, or lack of scheme, the eventful life of a sailor — slave-catching on the African coast ; visits to the Cape ; cruising in the West Indies ; pleasures and dangers, flirtations and duels, scenes of joviality and humour, with death always in the background. Tropical scenery is presented with the same vivid realism, and the salt-water characters are drawn with the same coarse vigour, strongly reminding one of Smollett's comic beasts in human form. First appeared in Blackwood's Magazine. [Edited by E. A. Baker (Half-forgotten Books), 2s., Routledge (|i, Dutton. New York). Illustrated : 2 vols., 5s. n., Gibbings ($2, Lippincott, Philadelphia).] 60 NINETEENTH CENTURY, SECOND QUARTER Smith, Albert [1816-60]. The Adventures of Mr. Ledbury. 1844 The Pottleton Legacy. 1849 By the famous showman who introduced Mont Blanc to Britishers. Facetious novels sketch- ing incidents of the hfe of the time in a clever journalistic way — the opening of a railway in a country district, going to the Derby, shady life in town — and hitting off notable types — company promoters, impresarios, aeronauts, fast young men, and the like — in a style midway between Dickens and the comic papers, [(i) o.p. ; (2) Edited by E. A. Baker (Half-forgotten Books), 2S., Eoutledge ($1, Dutton, New York).] The Marchioness of Brinvilliers. 1846 Story of the notorious poisoner {1665-76). [6d., Routledge. Illustrated: 21s., Bentley : o.p.] Smith, Horace [1779-1849]. Brambletye House ; or, Cavaliers and Roundheads. 1826 An antiquarian romance of the times of the Great Civil War, in imitation of Scott. Intro- duces historical personages and events profusely, even inserting passages from Defoe's History of the Plague. [2s., Weldon.] SuRTEES, Robert Smith [1779-1834]. Handley Cross ; or, The Spa Hunt. 1843 A sporting novel, describing how a village grew into a fashionable spa, and the pack of hounds kept by the farmers was the nucleus of the Spa Hunt. An almost interminable chronicle, in which every little event is set down conscientiously, letters and accounts appearing at full length, and every character being minutely described as to dress and appearance. Most prominent among the many farcical characters is Mr. Jorrocks, the Cockney grocer and M.F.H., who reorganizes the hunt and has various squabbles with the magnates of the Spa, winding up with a couple of lawsuits. [Illustrated with 79 illus. by John Leech, 2s., Chatto ; with the original coloured plates by Leech, i6s., Bradbury.] Hillingdon Hall ; or, The Cockney Squire. 1845 Ask Mamma ; or, The Richest Commoner in London. 1858 Sporting novels of a similar stamp, rambling, artless, and diffuse, abounding in farcical char- acters and ridiculous incidents. Unambitious, but very graphic and faithful sketches of life and manners, and, above all, amusements, at the beginning of the Victorian epoch, [(i) Illustrated with coloured plates, 12s. 6d., Routledge ; (2) with coloured plates, 14s., Bradbury.] Thackeray, WiUiam Makepeace [1811-63]. The Yellowplush Memoirs. 1841 Contributed under various titles to Eraser's Magazine (1838-40), and supposed to be reminiscences of a self-educated footman. A medley of extremely personal satire (e.g. Dionysius Lardner and Bulwer Lytton are unmistakably travestied), facetious sketches of society above and below stairs, and the doings of an aristocratic card-sharper, Mr. Deuceace. The farce is purposely vulgar in tone, and the scenes of brutality are intentionally made odious by ironical sympathy with the rogues. The Christmas Books of M. A. Titmarsh. 1847-55 Comprises Mrs. Perkins's Ball (1847), a farcical account of the guests and their behaviour, particularly of the escapades of an Irish gentleman, The Mulhgan ; Our Street (1848), thumb-nail pictures of its inhabitants, their families, servants, and followers — broad caricature ; Dr. Birch and his Young Friends (1849), similar sketches of school life ; The Kickleburys on the Rhine (1851), ludicrous sketches of natives and Englishmen abroad ; The Rose and the Ring (1855), a mock-heroic tale of the Kings of Paflagonia and of Crim Tartary, slily satirizing modem manners, etc. These farces and extravaganzas were lavishly illustrated by the author, as they came out at successive Christmastides. Read- able by children, amusing to readers of every age. Vanity Fair ; or, A Novel without a Hero. 1848 His most representative novel — a picture of society on a broad canvas, embracing a great variety of characters and interests, the object being to depict mankind with all its faults and meannesses, without idealization or romance. Little set design ; though the careers of Becky Sharp, the adventuress, and her husband, Rawdon Crawley, make an apt contrast 61 ENGLISH FICTION to the humdrum loves of the good hero and heroine, Dobbin and AmeUa. The nobility, fashionable people about town, the mercantile aristocracy and the needy classes below them, are all portrayed in the most lifelike way. Episodes strong in tragedy, dramatic displays of passion, are mingled with pure comedy. Thackeray combines comment with narrative even more intimately than Fielding; to many readers, indeed, his sarcastic dissertations are the chief intellectual delight. Lord Steyne is drawn from the Marquis of Hertford, Mr. Wagg from Theodore Hook, and Wenham from J. W. Croker. Thackeray, William Makepeace (continued). — ^The Book of Snobs. 1848 Satirical monographs on the multifarious species of this national genus, which he hunts out from every rank of society. Affectation, vulgarity, meanness, are illustrated with copious example and anecdote. (Appeared in Punch, 1846-7). The History of Samuel Titmarsh and the Great Hoggarty Diamond. 1849 A sort of miniature Vanity Fair, briefly recounting the history of a young man's life in London, his early struggles, courtship, marriage, and family troubles ; happy in its humour, now and then iiercely satirical, e.g. in exposing the villainy of bubble companies, with some pages of affecting pathos. (Appeared in Fraser's Magazine, 1841.) The History of Pendennis : his Fortunes and Misfortunes, his Friends and his Greatest Enemy. 1849-50 Presents the contemporary young man without flattery or extenuation, as Fielding had presented Tom Jones. Pendennis is in some way a reflex of Thackeray himself, at any rate, much personal history is made use of ; he is by no means an ideal hero, and in his egotism, vanity, and weakness he is only a trifle better than George Osborne, Amelia's showy lover in Vanity Fair. Introduces a numerous gallery of characters, e.g. the womanly Laura, the gushing Miss Amory, the Irishman Capt. Costigan, the old buck Major Pen- dennis, and the manly George Warrington. Thackeray avowed himself a disciple of Fielding (see p. 14 — Tom Jones), whose method of faithful representation without any romantic or sentimental idealism he tried to follow, not succeeding always, however, in eschewing sentimentality. He allowed himself the same liberty of criticizing manners and morals in a running commentary. The History of Henry Esmond, Esq., a Colonel in the Service of Her Majesty Queen Anne ; written by himself. 1852 A chronicle of public and domestic events towards the end of the seventeenth century ; ostensibly an autobiography written in George Ill's reign, and a successful reproduction of the modes of writing and speaking then in vogue. Twice members of the Esmond family become involved in Jacobite plots ; and they are engaged in the Blenheim cam- paign and other historic affairs which serve to introduce Marlborough, Gen. Webb, Steele, Lord Mohun and his victim Hamilton, the Old Pretender, and other celebrities. Actual events are inwoven with the family narrative, and the manners, dress, and habits of the time are portrayed with scholarlj' exactness. The personal interest centres in Henry Esmond and the two women whom he loves. Lady Castlewood and her daughter Beatrix : it culminates in episodes of moving tragedy. Beatrix is taken up again in The Virginians ; she is often characterized as the only woman completely portrayed in English fiction. Esmond marked a renascence of English historical fiction and established a new model, rejecting the standards of romanticism, and aiming at describing life as realistically as contemporary writers might have represented it. The Newcomes : Memoirs of a Most Respectable Family ; edited by Arthur Pendennis, Esq. 1854-5 Thackeray's great " middle-class epic," the tragedy of worldliness. Contains hardly any distinct thread of story, except Clive Newcome and Ethel's love affairs, which end in blank tragedy. Clive, like Pendennis, is a weak hero and does not escape satire. Depicts a society thronged with worldlings, false, self-seeking, whited sepulchres (Barnes New- come is the most odious character Thackeray ever drew) ; over against whom if set the ideal English gentleman. Col. Newcome, his most beautiful and pathetic creation. Miscellanies (4 vols.). 1855-7 Chiefly multifarious contributions (from 1837 onwards), to Fraser's Magazine and Punch Vol. i. : Ballads ; . Snob Papers ; The Tremendous Adventures of Major Gahagan (1838-9), the latter, tall stories of an Anglo-Indian Munchausen, another of Thackeray's delightful 62 NINETEENTH CENTURY, SECOND QUARTER Irishmen. The Fatal Boots (1839), a masterlyanatomy of selfishness, and Cox's Diary {18^0) are minor facetiae. Vol. ii. : The Yellowplush Memoirs : Jeames's Diary (1845-46) ; Sketches and Travels in London : Novels by Eminent Hands (1847) (these last are burlesque imitations, at the same time profoundly true criticisms, of Lytton, Lever, Disraeli, G. P. R. James, Cooper, etc.) ; Codlingshy, a most diverting travesty of Coningsby ; Character Sketches. Vol. iii. : In The Memoirs of Barry Lyndon, Esq., written by himself (Fraser, 1844), the autobiographer is an Irish adventurer, ca;rd-sharper, and bully. The narrative is consistently ironical, the hero recounting his iniquities with pride and expectation of approval. Pictures European society before the French Revolution, principally in pleasure haunts or amid the camps and battles of the Seven Years' War (1756-63). A Legend of the Rhine (1845) is a burlesque of the mediaeval story of barons and knight-errantry. Rebecca and Rowena, a Romance upon Romance (1850), is a mock-heroic sequel to Scott's Ivanhoe, making capital of the romantic glamour investing the Jewess to the disparage- ment of the Saxon heroine. A Little Dinner at Timmins's (1848) ; The Bedford Row Conspiracy (1840). Vol. iv. : The Fitz-Boodle Papers (1842-3) are " reminiscences of a younger son, who moans over his poverty, complains of womankind generally, laughs at the world all round, and intersperses his pages with one or two excellent ballads " — ^the latter unveiling the humbug of things in general and of poetry in particular. Men's Wives (1843) ; A Shabby-Genteel Story (1840) ; The History of Samuel Titmarsh and the Great Hoggarty Diamond (1849) — seep. 62 for this last. Thackeray, William Makepeace [continued). — ^The Virginians : a Tale of the Last Century [sequel to Esmond]. 1858-9 The memoirs of Esmond's two grandsons in America and England (1755—77), with the end of Beatrix as the deplorable Baroness Bernstein. George Washington, Dr. Johnson, Fielding, and Richardson are among the historical notabilities introduced, and the study of manners is excellent. The two heroes take opposite sides in the American War of Independence. Lovel the Widower. 1861 A minor work based on a rejected play, The Wolves and the Lamb — the vulgar love affairs of a much-engaged young woman, who extricates herself from her other lovers and eventually marries Lovel. The Adventures of Philip on his Way through the World ; showing who robbed him, who helped him, and who passed him by. 1862 A rambling story, containing several fine scenes and a beautiful character in the " Little Sister," the womanly friend of Philip. He, the son of a polished villain, determines to show his rectitude by his independence and disdain of social polish, and thus make his way. He tries to live by his pen, an episode which brings in the journalist world and Bohemian Paris. A more elaborate continuation of The Shabby-Genteel Story (1840), and a minor counterpart of Vanity Fair and The Newcomes, out of which novels several char- acters step without further introduction. Catherine. 1867-9 Described by its author as a narrative of " unmixed rascality, performed by persons who never deviate into good feeling," aiming to show how disgusting would be the records of thieves, cheats, and murderers, were their doings and language described according to their nature rather than handled in such a way as to create sympathy. A counterblast to Lytton's Eugene Aram, Ainsworth's Jack Sheppard, and Dickens's Oliver Twist. (Ap- peared in Eraser's Magazine, 1839-40.) Denis Duval. 1867 A splendid fragment containing scenes worthy of Thackeray's best days. The old town of Rye in 1763-79, with its motley population of smugglers and refugees, old sea captains and Catholic gentry, is a very picturesque setting. Breaks off at the beginning of a thrilling episode, the capture of the Serapis by Paul Jones. [(a) Illustrated Editions : Pub. by Smith & Elder : (Edition de Luxe), 24 vols., with 88 col. plates and 1721 illus. (worth £15), 187B-9; (Standard Edn.), 26 vols., each los. 6d. ($3, Lippincott, Philadelphia), 1877 ; (Library Edn.), 24 vols., each 7s. 6d. ($1.50, Houghton, Boston), 1889 ; (Biographical Edn.), with biographical introductions by his daughteir, Anne Ritchie, 13 vols., each 6s., Smith & Elder ($1.75, Harper, New York), 1898-9 ; (Centenary Biograph. Edn.), 26 vols., each 6s. net. Smith & Elder, 191 1 sqq.; (Popular Edn.), 13 vols., each with a front., each 5s. ; (Cheaper Ilhistrated Edn.), 26 vols., each 3s. 6d. ($1.25, called "Popular Illustrated Edn.", Lippincott, Philadelphia.) Pub. 63 ENGLISH FICTION by Dent : edited by W. Jerrold, 30 vols., illustrated by C. E. Brock, 20 vols., 8vo, ea. 3s. n., 1886. Pub. by Macmillan : (Century Edition de Luxe), 20 vols., ea. $2.50 ; edited bj' Lewis Melville, 20 vols., ea. 3s. 6d. ($1), with the Original illus. (6) Without Illustra- tions : (Pocket Edn.), 27 vols., each is. 6d., Smith & Elder (50c., hi mor., called " Handy Edn.", $1, Lippincott, Philadelphia), 1886-8.] Trollope, Frances \nee Milton ; 1780-1863]. The Domestic Manners of the Americans. 1831 A novel by the mother of Anthony Trollope, made up of her experiences during a three years' sojourn in America for business purposes. The sketches of life and society are both caustic and tactless, and aroused the same resentment in the United States as Dickens pro- voked later by his American Notes. [$2 n., Dodd & Mead, New York.] The Vicar of Wrexhill. 1837 The title originally proposed — The Unco Guid — indicates the spirit of the book. The Vicar is a clergyman of an unpleasant type, sketched to a large extent from actual facts, and so realisticall}'- drawn that a storm of criticism and abuse was raised by the Low Church party, [o.p.] Ward, Robert Plumer [176 5-1846]. Tremaine ; or, The Man of Refinement. 1825 Ward was a legal writer, politician, and Society man, of whom Canning said that his law books were as pleasant as novels and his novels as dull as law books. This is a dull novel so far as story goes, though clever in style. It had more than a season's success owing to Ward's familiarity with the political and social circles delineated. [3s. 6d., Tegg : o.p.] De Vera ; or, The Man of Independence. 1827 A similar novel presenting the character of an ambitious statesman, believed on its appearance to be Canning, but, as the author stated, a composite study of Pitt, Canning, and Bohng- broke. Other characters were more exact portraits, e.g. Lord Mowbray and the Duke of Newcastle. [3 vols., 31s. 6d., Colburn, o.p. ; $1.50, Harper, New York.] Warren, Samuel [1807-77]. Passages from the Diary of a late Physician. 1832-8 Twenty-eight of these papers came out in Blackwood from 1830 to 1837. Warren had been a medical student at Edinburgh, and was now engaged at the Bar. The work, which has plenty of melodramatic interest and parades its moral purpose, aroused criticism from ' the Lancet for divulging professional secrets. [2s., Routledge ($1, Dutton, New York).] Ten Thousand a Year. 184 1 A highly coloured sensation novel which once had immense vogue. The object is serious and edifying, but the book is full of extravagant comedy, not much above Theodore Hook's boisterous jesting satire on EngUsh legal forms and personages, and of farcical characters like Oily Gammon and Tittlebat Titmouse, the caricature of Lord Brougham as Mr Quicksilver, and the draper's assistant who gets the ^10,000 a vear. [2s., Routledge (?i, Dutton, New York).] NINETEENTH CENTURY. THIRD QUARTER— 1851-ys Arnold, Matthew [1822-88]. Friendship's Garland. 1871 " Being the Conversations, Letters and Opinions of the late Arminius, Baron von Thunder- ten-Tronckh ; collected and edited, with a Dedicatory Letter to Adolescens Leo, Esq., of The Daily Telegraph." This imaginary German is the author's stalking-horse for an attack on British Philistines and their ways of thinking and speaking. A book that did some useful destructive work in its time, along with Arnold's Culture and Anarchy, his theo- logical criticisms, etc. Witty and consistently ironical : many of its phrases and paradoxes are now classical. [2s. 6d., Smith & Elder (70c. n., Macmillan, New York), 1903.] Arnold, Wilham Delafield [1828-59; brother of preceding]. Oakfield; or. Fellow- ships in the East. 1853 The hero, a young Oxford man, brought up in strict ideas of duty and conduct, goes to India and is revolted by the dissipation and indifference of the English, both military and civil, and their total neglect of the natives' well-being (c. 1849). His censures are sharpened by his ignorance of real life. Includes a narrative of the second Sikh war and the battle of Chillianwallah. [2 vols., 21s., Longman : o.p.] 64 NINETEENTH CENTURY, THIRD QUARTER Blake-Forster, Charles Ffrench. The Irish Chieftains ; or, A Struggle for the Crown. 1872 A very learned account of the Williamite wars in Ireland, weaving the national events and the fortunes (1689-1770) of the O'Shaughnessy and Blake-Forster clans (Co. Galway) into a novel. Not only battles and sieges and the Continental deeds of the Irish Brigade, but home politics and the working of the penal laws are carefully studied (from an Irish- Jacobite standpoint), and well documented in the appendix. [7s. 6d., Whittaker, 1874 : o.p.] Borrow, George Henry [1803-81]. The Bible in Spain ; or, the Journeys, Ad- ventures, and Imprisonments of an Englishman in an Attempt to Circulate the Scriptures in the Peninsula. 1843 Recounts Borrow's adventures as an agent of the Bible Society in the Peninsula, 1835-9. Perhaps the descriptive passages are finer even than those in Lavengro ; and the accidents of travel, the strange rencounters, the singular people met with, and the characteristic observations on national manners and idiosyncrasies, make a story no less fascinating ; though we do not get the inimitable self-revelation which is a unique ingredient in Lavengro. " Vagrom " writers like Stevenson and Belloc draw their inspiration as much from Borrow as from Sterne. [2 vols., with map and illustrations, crown 8vo, 12s., Murray, 1896 ; I vol., 6s., Murray ; Cheap Edn., 2s. 6d. ($1 n., Scribner, New York) ; Pocket Edu. (New Universal Lib.), is. n., Routledge (50c., Dutton, New York).] Lavengro ; the Scholar, the Gipsy, the Priest. 1851 The Romany Rye [sequel]. 1857 Lavengro and its sequel, The Romany Rye, are the sacred books of those who confess the true gospel of vagabondage. Borrow was a natural wanderer, a passionate lover of nature for her own sake, though in no sense a naturalist ; with a genius for graphic description of both scenery and human character. They are really Borrow's autobiography down to 1825, with a veil of mystery purposely thrown over it. They describe his wanderings over the three kingdoms, his strange adventures, literary struggles in London, vagrancy with gipsies, etc. The characters are of a piece, odd and striking, often disreputable people, removed as far as possible from the ordinary ; and the strange incidents and the glamour of his descriptions give ,us a most enchanting blend of romance and realism. Dr. Jessopp calls it a story " which, in the exquisite beauty of its setting and the inimitable blending of the elements of gentle pathos and rugged tenderness — in the dialogue — ^it would be difficult to find a parallel for in modern English literature." Borrow's pure, racy, and finely cadenced English is a deUght to connoisseurs of prose. [Each 6s., cr. 8vo, Murray ; Cheap Edn. 2s. 6d. ($1 n., Scribner, New York) ; Pocket Edn. (New Universal Lib.), is. n., Routledge (50c., Dutton, New York).] Bradley, Rev. Edward [" Cuthbert Bede " ; 1827-89.] The Adventures of Mr. Verdant Green, an Oxford Freshman. 1853-57 The tomfoolery, high-jinks, and hoaxing of undergraduate life at Oxford. Though the author was not an Oxford man, he was correct enough in depicting the actual manners and customs of the university, exaggerating only for the purposes of low comedy. [Illustrated by the author, is., cr. 8vo, Routledge (50c., Dutton, New York). The Adventures and Further Adventures of Mr. Verdant Green, 6s. n.. Young, Liverpool.] Little Mr. Bouncer and his Friend, Mr. Verdant Green [sequel], 1857 Chiefly a supplemental portrait of little Mr. Bouncer, the most comical of the author's Oxonians. [Illustrated : 23., is., J. Blackwood, 1890.] Charles, Elizabeth [nie Rundle ; 1828-96]. Chronicles of the Schonberg-Cotta Family. [juvenile] 1863 The domestic and civic side of Luther and Melanchthon's lives (1503-47) ; a book founded on painstaking research, and animated largely by a didactic purpose. [5s., 3s. 6d., Nelson ; 28., Partridge ; $1, Dodd & Mead, New York ; 75c., Caldwell, Boston.] Diary of Mrs. Kitty Trevelyan. [juvenile] 1864 " A story of the times of Whitefield and the Wesleys " (1745-50). [3s. 6d., Nelson.] The Draytons and the Davenants. [juvenile] 1867 [3s. 6d., Nelson.] F 65 ENGLISH FICTION Charles, Elizabeth (continued). — On Both Sides of the Sea [sequet]. [juvenile] 1868 The Civil War, the Commonwealth, and the Restoration. Strong domestic and religious interest. Baxter, Foxe, Bunyan, etc., come in. First story covers 1637-49, and the sequel 1649-60. [3s. 6d., Nelson.] The Victory of the Vanquished. [juvenile] 1871 A story of the early Christians, [as., S.P.C.K.] Conquering and to Conquer. [juvenile] 1876 Told by a centenarian abbess — ^the days of her youth, the persecutions, the Christian life of her mother and herself, the slow conversion of her philosophic father, the careers of Jerome and St. Augustine. The year 404 was signalized by the sacrifice of the monk Telemachus as a protest against the gladiatorial shows. [2s., S.P.C.K. ($1, Dodd & Mead, New York).] Lapsed, but not Lost. [juvenile] 1877 A tale of the Christians at Carthage. [2s., S.P.C.K. ($1, Dodd & Mead, New York).] Joan the Maid. [juvenile] 1879 Joan of Arc (1401-31). [2s. 6d., S.P.C.K.] Clarke, Marcus Andrew Hislop [1846-81]. For the Term of his Natural Life. 1874 Convict life in Tasmania in the '30's and '40's, pictured realisticaUy with all its hideous accompaniments of brutality and innocent suffering, and no concession to poetic justice ; a careful study of the facts. Graphic sketches of Australasian scenery are interspersed with the narrative. [6s., Macmillan ; 25c., Laird, Chicago.] Clive, Mrs. Archer [Caroline, n^e Meysey-Wigley ; 1801-73]. Paul Ferroll. 1855 Paul murders his wife in order to marry a girl he loves, and manages to avert suspicion and live a happy life with his new wife and his daughter. At length, however, the guilt is brought home and his condemnation kills his wife, while he escapes with his daughter and settles down to a repentant life abroad. [3s. 6d., 2s., Chatto.] Why Paul Ferroll Killed his Wife [sequel]. i860 The names are changed in the sequel, but the characters represent the same dramatis personce. An equally gloomy narrative, every character and every particle of the environment taking the hue of the dominant situation. The hero is a man whose intellectual powers have raised him so high that he thinks himself superior to moral laws : absolutely selfish, fearless, and remorseless, he commits his crime and lives securely tUl events betray his guilt. [3s. 6d., 2s., Chatto.] Collins, William Wilkie [1824-89]. Antonina. 1850 Alaric in Italy — a really fine historical novel (408—10). Hide and Seek. 1854 A novel depending on a long-kept secret. Plot : how a brother, having hunted out the destroyer of his sister, relinquishes his vengeance for the sake of bis friend, the villain's son. Moral purpose : to show how by kindness and patience the life of a deaf and dumb girl may be made happy. After Dark. 1856 A series of stories told by a painter whose sight is failing. The Yellow Mask, a story of Pisa, has much of the grisly effect of Poe's tales. A jealous woman masks herself with a waxen cast of a man's dead wife and nearly kills him with horror. — The Dead Secret. 1857 Here plot-interest completely overrides the human interest, sustaining the reader's curiosity up to the moment when the secret is revealed. There are, however, some scenes and characters {e.g. Uncle Joseph) that stir sympathetic emotions. The old Cornish house with its mysterious associations recalls Mrs. Eadcliffe. 66 NINETEENTH CENTURY, THIRD QUARTER Collins, William Wilkie [continued).— The Woman in White. i860 Develops the mechanics of plot to an extreme stage. Collins adopts the attitude of inviting the reader's ingenuity in discovering the identity of a puppet-heroine and detecting the real object of a villainous conspiracy. The arch-villain, Count Fosco, has a certain amiabiUty and some human idiosyncrasies which save him from forfeiting all sympathy by his crimes, and he, Mrs. Catterick, and Fairlie are the three best drawn of Wilkie CoUins's characters. Collins was the most expert novelist in what Stevenson called the carpentery of plot. This is an excellent example of his complicated mystifications, every part of which is accurately dovetailed and subordinated to the denouement. No Name. 1862 Less of a puzzle-plot than the last, preferring to foreshadow events. The disadvantage of illegitimate birth is the leading motive — ^a girl deprived of her father's money by this misfortune tries under a false name to marry the heir ; another unscrupulous woman protects the invaUd hero. Capt. Wragge, the swindler, and his wife are comic figures. Armadale. 1866 The mainspring of this story, which abounds in coincidence, is a crime the effects of which come to a head in the second generation. An attempt to deal imaginatively with the physical and moral results of heredity. A feminine counterpart to the villain Fosco plays a signal part, giving her life to save her lover from the fatal consequences of her own crime. The amorous gardener, Abraham Sage, and Miss Gwilt are capitally done. The Moonstone. 1868 The theft of a celebrated jewel, and its quest and restitution by devoted Hindoo priests, after an Iliad of adventures, to the idol from whose forehead it had long ago been wrenched, make an intricate story. An excellent mystery-plot, borrowing strong romantic effect from the dark and mysterious Brahmins. The old servant, Gabriel Betteridge, and Miss Clack are good comic characters, studied from Dickens. Man and Wife. 1870 A fierce onslaught upon Athleticism, the villain being a champion boxer, runner, and a savage in manners and morals. The defects of the Irish and Scotch marriage laws, the tyrannical power of husband over wife in England, are the causes of the chief disasters involved in an exciting plot. Poor Miss Finch. 1872 A sensation novel, with a bhnd girl as heroine, a hero suffering from epileptic fits, and a great amount of surgical and medical details in the plot business. As usual, full of complicated intrigue involving good people and bad. Poor Miss Finch, a lovable girl, though little more than a child in character, is at length married to a good, silly young fellow, Oscar, who, with his twin-brother Nugent, is the focus of some puzzling situations. The New Magdalen. 1873 The tragic redemption of a camp-follower, time of the Crimean War. Heart and Science. 1883 An assault on Vivisection, the most prominent character being engaged in practical biological research. Enlivened by humorous descriptions of Scottish life and character by a viva- cious child. Little Novels. 1887 Contains in Uttle the characteristics of his full-length novels, ingeniously compUcated plot, ravelled and then unravelled, and a weakness for supernatural incident. [Each 3s. 6d., 2S. 6d., 2s., Chatto ; $1.25, Harper, New York.] Craik, Dinah Maria [nife Mulock ; 1826-87]. The Ogilvies. 1849 Mrs. Craik wrote a long series of mediocre domestic novels with a strongly didactic tendencj', of which the better are given here. This is a story of first love, told with plenty of sentiment and some scenes of pathos, as, for example, that of Leigh's death. [2s., Macmillan ; $1, Harper, New York.] 67 ENGLISH FICTION Craik, Dinah Maria {continued). — Olive. 1850 The main story — there are divers underplots — ^is an attempt to make an attractive heroine of a cripple who is without beauty ; the latter half deals with the cripple's successful attempt to convert her agnostic husband, [is., 2s. 6d., 3s. 6d., Macmillan, 1890; $1, Harper, New York.] John Halifax, Gentleman. 1856 This is Mrs. Craik's finest story — her full-length portrait of an ideal man. By faithfulness and courage he rises from extreme poverty to wealth, and marries a girl of gentle family. The period covered is 1780— 1834, and we get peeps at Lady Hamilton and other celebrities, glimpses of the riots caused by the introduction of steam machinery, and a pleasing chronicle of old-fashioned life in a provincial town (Tewkesbury). It is supposed that Halifax was studied from Handel Cossham, son of a Gloucestershire carpenter, and later a wealthy colliery proprietor. [3s. 6d., 2s., Hurst & Blackett ; $1, Harper, New York ; Illustrated by Hugh RiviSre, 6s., Hurst & Blackett, 1896.] A Life for a Life. 1859 A problem-novel, dealing with the nemesis of a repented crime and assailing capital punishment. A man attacks another under extreme provocation and accidentally kills him. He keeps the act secret until, later on, he loves a woman, who turns out to be his victim's half-sister. [3s. 6d., Hurst & Blackett ; ?i, Harper, New York.] Mistress and Maid. 1862 A sober tale of humble life : didactic like the rest. Both mistress and maid are womanly and exemplary people, the one gaining the reader's sympathy by her determined struggle with adversity, the other by her simplicity and loyalty and the pathos of her love romance. [3s. 6d., Hurst & Blackett ; $1, Harper, New York.] The Woman's Kingdom. 1868 Is less ambitious but shows her ability to reveal feminine character. The love stories of two sisters are contrasted for the sake of the moral. The plain sister is loved for her good disposition and happy home life ; the beauty is incapable of deep affection, and her lover's life and her own are marred by her selfishness and inconstancy. [3s. 6d., Hurst & Blackett ; $1, Harper, New York.] Dasent, Sir George Webbe [1817-96]. Annals of an Eventful Life. 1870 Containing in the form of a novel a good deal of the author's autobiography. He was a great Scandinavian scholar, and had travelled in Iceland. [5s., Hurst & Blackett : o.p.] The Vikings of the Baltic. 1875 A story of the Vikings (lagt quarter of the loth century). [3 vols., 31s. 6d., Chapman : o.p.] Dempster, Charlotte Louisa Hawkins [1835-?]. The Hotel du Petit-St.-Jean : a Gascon Story. 1869 Pictures the simple life and manners of a southern French town, with delicate touches and an affectionate sympathy with Provencal ways and ideas. The little idios3aicrasies of a crowd of characters, from the PrMet and Prefette downwards, are humorously sketched. The main thread of the triple story is concerned with the growth of Marie's character — a sunny and impulsive girl to whom pathetic experiences of life bring gravity and wisdom. Much is made of the lovely scenery of the Garonne. [2s., Smith & Elder : o.p.] Vera. 1871 Vera is a high-born Russian, who loses her boy-lover at Inkermann, and in the course of years gives her hand to the English ofi&cer who accidentally slew him. The scenes that set forth this operation of Destiny, as the author regards it, occur in Moscow, the Crimea, Italy, Nice, London, etc. Attention is chiefly directed to the expansion and ripening of V6ra's beautiful personality ; her bright and careless disposition is deepened by troubles and experience of the world, till at last love gives her a new view of life. [2s., Smith & Elder : o.p.] Iseulte. 1875 Memoir of a Frenchwoman, noble by birth and by character, who meets with some of the most tragic calamities of life, but by fortitude and unselfishness rises superior to fate, 68 NINETEENTH CENTURY, THIRD QUARTER and is rewarded with a middle-age of happiness. Her sister, who is entrapped into a convent and sacrifices her love, is a pathetic counterpart to the lovely character of Iseulte. Life in the pro\'inces and at the front during the convulsions of 1870 is described, and the virtues of the old nobility are contrasted with plebeian vulgarity and self-seeking. [2s., Smith & Elder: o.p.] Dempster, Charlotte Louisa Hawkins (continued). — Blue Roses ; or, Helen Malinofska's Marriage. 1877 A story of hopes and ideals unfulfilled. The Polish heroine fails to attain, in her marriage with a Devonshire squire, the happy love that she had dreamed of in her joyous girlhood, and she dies in estrangement. Polish life and characters favourably depicted and con- trasted with an unpleasant set of EngUsh people. [6s. , Paul : o.p.] Edgar, John George [1834-64]. Cavaliers and Roundheads. [juvenile] 1861 Edgar was first editor of Every Boy's Magazine and a great book-maker for boys, writing either biographies or stories incorporating the chief incidents of great historical epochs. [3s. 6d. ($1), Warne.] How I Won my Spurs. [juvenile] 1863 A boy's adventures in the Barons' Wars {1264-5). [3s. 6d., Ward & Lock.] The Boy Crusaders. [juvenile] 1865 " A story of the days of St. Louis IX " ; Seventh Crusade (1248-50). [is., Nelson.] Cressy and Poictiers. [juvenile] 1865 Story of the Black Prince's page (1344-76). [2s., Routledge, 1906 ; 3s. 6d., Ward & Lock.] Runnymede and Lincoln Fair. 1866 A story of the Great Charter. [3s. 6d., Ward & Lock.] Edwardes, Ameha Ann Blandford [1831-92]. Barbara's History. 1864 The character and inner Hf e of a girl, the romance of her courtship, her experiences in a German college (a part related with intimate sketching of national and local traits), and her romantic marriage-»-all soberly and sympathetically related— and a series of minor charac- ters, such as Mr. Sandyshaft, stern and irascible externally, but inwardly full of kindness, drawn with quiet humour. The plot is based on a mystery that causes estrangement between Barbara and her husband. [2s. 6d., Hurst & Blackett.] Debenham's Vow. 1870 Gives an excellent description of blockade running into Charleston harbour during the American Civil War. [2s. 6d., Hunst & Blackett.] Lord Brackenbury. 1880 Like Barbara, comprises much portraiture of foreign people and society, and careful descrip- tions of foreign towns and scenery ; but the old manor-house and other local colour from Cheshire are also accurately studied from life. [2s. 6d., Hurst & Blackett.] Edwardes, IVIrs. Annie. Archie Lovell. 1866 The story of a pretty young hoyden, whose audacity is equalled only by her innocence. She scandalizes the " shady English " of Morteville, a continental resort of the shabby genteel, by her tomboyish manners and defiance of convention, and at last escapes narrowly from the disastrous consequences of a wild adventure with a young man, undertaken in perfect ignorance of the ways of the world. [3s. 6d., Chatto.] Susan Fielding. 1869 Susan is one of the immaculate heroines ; compared with her, perhaps as a foil, is the more human and more intelligent Portia Ffrench, a type of the ambitious woman of the world, far from bad at heart, but determined above everything on a wealthy marriage. [2s., Macmillan.] Ought We to Visit Her ? 1872 A young wife of Bohemian antecedents, shunned by the respectable people of Chalkshire and neglected by her unworthy husband, is tempted and almost seduced into folly, but suddenly awakes. [2s., Macmillan.] 69 ENGLISH FICTION Edwardes, Mrs. Annie (continued). — Leah, a Woman of Fashion. 1875 An English boarding-house in the Rue CastigUone supplies a comprehensive character-picture of a set of Bohemian English people, runaway debtors, separated wives, gamblers, rakes, and others of damaged reputation. [2s., Macmillan.] A Girton Girl. 1886 The love troubles of a girl who wanted to go to Girton, the flirtations and mischief-making of a married lady, a cynical and selfish man's attentions to an innocent girl : the characters are idlers amid the picturesque scenery of the Channel Isles. [6s., Macmillan : o.p.] "Eliot, George" [Mary Anne' Cross, nee Evans; 1819-80]. Scenes of Clerical Life. 1858 George Eliot was the most philosophical of the great novelists. She carried ethical interests and analysis of motive much farther than Mrs. Gaskell, as was natural to one who had been immersed in religious and philosophic criticism from youth to middle-age, when she began to write her novels. Scenes of Clerical Life, described by her as " Sketches illustrative of the actual life," contains Amos Barton, a story full of humanism, portraying the home life of a poor curate, commonplace in character and appearance, and his wife, a being of adorable kindness and devoted love ; Mr. Cilfil's Love Story, the bygone romance of an elderly gin-drinking man, a tragic little drama of passion and jealousy ; and Janet's Repentance, the awakening and moral rebirth of a beautiful woman, driven by harsh treatment to drink. Ordinary life is interpreted in the light of spiritual ideals, and the humour and pathos of common things are revealed with delicate art. Adam Bede. 1859 Adam Bede goes deeper mto the dark places of human nature, and sets forth a coherent philo- sophy of conduct and inexorable retribution. An innocent country lass is seduced by the young squire ; and crime, remorse, suffering for the innocent as well as the evil- doers, are the tragic consequence. The rustic aphorist, Mrs. Poyser, is the most humorous creation^ and the inspired preacher, Dinah Morris, the most exalted. Both are idealizations of people George Eliot knew. Village Ufe, the farmyard, and all the ordinary aspects of country life a hundred years ago, are presented with the minute strokes of a Dutch painter. Loamshire is North Staffordshire, and Stonyshire, Derbyshire. Dinah Morris's origmal, Elizabeth Evans, aunt by marriage of George Eliot, actually preached at Wirks- worth. In fact, many characters in this novel and later are studied from people the author knew and loved. ■ The Mill on the Floss. i860 Another deeply significant tragedy of the inner life, enacted amidst the quaint folk and old- fashioned surroundings of a country town (St. Ogg's is Gainsborough). The conflict of affection and antipathy between a brother and sister, and again in the family relations of their father, is a dominant motive ; but the emotional tension rises to a climax in Maggie's unpremeditated yielding to an unworthy lover and betrayal of her finer nature. Brother and sister (they stand psychologically for George Eliot herself and her brother Isaac) are purified and reconciled only in death. Among the characters whose humours provide many comic pages the three aunts are famous ; there is the wonted prodigality of aphorisms. — Silas Mamer, the Weaver of Raveloe. 1861 A country idyll of a century ago : contains in small compass the finest elements of the longer novels. The wronged and despised weaver shuts himself up with his gold in misanthropic solitude ; but his gold is stolen, and a ministering angel comes in the shape of a little child to win him back to hope and love. Sin and its tragedy, innocence with its powers for good, are the themes worked out with the usual strict causation ; while village humorists sustain passages of genial comedy. Romola. 1863 This novel marks the transition to a more systematic kind of philosophic realism and the gradual exhaustion of her humour. It is based on a special study of Florentine history in the epoch 1492-1509, the days of Lorenzo de' Medici, and the saintUness and all-con- quering energy of Savonarola are finely portrayed. Romola is a tragic problem-novel of temptation, crime, and retribution. The weak butterfly Tito mortally wrongs his bene- factor and believes himself safe from the consequences ; but the net of destiny closes 70 NINETEENTH CENTURY, THIRD QUARTER round and he meets with his proper doom. The spiritual growth of Romola, tried by many ordeals and many undeserved wrongs, is the artistic contrast to the base career of Tito. .. "Eliot, George" [continued). -r-Felix Holt, the Radical. 1866 This is a feebler work altogether. Holt is a champion of the worTdng-men at the period just after the Reform Act, and is in love with a girl of the better classes. The doctrine evolved from the study of industrial and social conditions is that true progress must come from internal reform rather than from legislation. Gerald Massey, the poet, is believed to be the original of Felix Holt. — — Middlemarch. ' 1871-2 Pictures with intense realism and a wealth of detail the divers characters, social cliques, and complex life of a provincial town. A novel almost destitute of plot, yet unified by the dominant idea of moral causation into a, tragic drama of deserted ideals and failure. Dorothea's unfulfilled aspirations, Casaubon's barren pedantry, Bulstrode's hypocrisy, Lydgate's ambition quenched by an unsuitable marriage, all illustrate the fundamental theorem ; the happier lives of Caleb (said to be a study of George Eliot's father) and Mary Garth enforce the moral. Dorothea is the final incarnation of the ideal imaged in Maggie and Romola, and is said to be drawn from Mrs. Mark Pattison. Daniel Deronda. 1876 Sets forth a grave, spiritual conflict. The chief actors are a gay and accomplished girl, and her husband, a selfish tyrant who exemplifies the blighting influences of purely material civilization in the modern world. Closely connected is the story of the unselfish Deronda and Mordecai, Jewish leaders in a Zionist scheme. The longest and heaviest of her novels. A sombre book, with little humour. [Edns. of " George Eliot's " works : (Library Edn.), 10 vols., each los. 6d. n., Blackwood, o.p. ($2.50 n., Lippincott, Philadelphia); (Standard Edn.), 21 vols., each 2S. 6d., Blackwood ($1.25, Scribner, New York); (Cabinet Edn.), 24 vols., each 5s., Blackwood, o.p. ($1.50, Dana Estes, Boston); (Warwick Edn.), 14 vols., each 2s. n., Blackwood ; (Popular Edn.) , each book in i vol., 8 vols., each 3s. 6d., Blackwood (75c., Caldwell, Boston). American Edns. : (Library Edn.), 7 vols., Iro.50, Crowell, New York ; (New Foleshill Edn.), 12 vols., $18, Little & Brown, Boston ; (Handy Edn.), 12 vols., $15, Dana Estes, Boston ; (Sterling Edn.), 8 vols., Dana Estes, Boston.] EwiNG, Juliana Horatia Orr [nee Gatty ; 1842-85]. Jackanapes. [juvenile] 1883 Written for children ; the story of a gallant boy's self-devotion. The best known of her many stories and a favourable specimen of her sympathetic drawing of child-character and the joys and sorrows and the humours of childhood. [Illustrated by Caldecott, is., S.P.C.K. ; 30C. n., E. & J. B. Young, New York, 1884.] Melchior's Dream ; and other Tales. [juvenile] 1862 Mrs. Overtheway's Remembrances. [juvenile] 1868 The Brownies ; and other Tales. [juvenile] 1870 A Flat Iron for a Farthing. [juvenile] 1873 We and the World : a Book for Boys (2 parts). [juvenile] 1873 Jan of the Windmill : a Story of the Plains. [juvenile] 1876 Mrs. Ewing was the daughter of Mrs. Gatty, the author and editor of children's books hardly less delightful. She wrote an admirably pure and pellucid style, and her truth to nature and whimsical humour are charming to both old and young readers. These books— and she wrote many others scarcely at all inferior. — are classics amongst literature for children. [Each IS. 6d., S.P.C.K.; (l) illustr. by Gordon Browne, (2) by Wolf, (3) by Cruikshank, (4), (6) by Mrs. AUingham, (5) by W. L. Jones, each is.. Bell.] Farrar, Frederick William, Archdeacon [1831-1903]. Julian Home: a Tale of College Life. 1859 . . A specimen of several stories of school and college life by this author, written with a didactic aim. Julian is a good young man, who meets with impediments and sorrows in his college 71 ENGLISH FICTION and university career, but emerges all the stronger and iitter for his future life as a clergy- man. The characters who meet with the author's reprobation are the fast young men who do not read, and indulge in expensive dissipation. [6s., 3s. 6d., is., Black ($1.25, Button, New York).] Faerar, Frederick William, Archdeacon (continued). — Darkness and Dawn. 1892 Paganism face to face with Christianity in Nero's reign — an historical sermon on the irresistible superiority of character engendered by Christianity in social and political life. [6s. n. ($2), Longman.] Gathering Clouds. 1896 A similar didactic romance, giving a view of the Byzantine Empire at the time of the pagan reaction against Christianity (a.d. 387-438), the world overmastering the Church. It is also a popular history of S. Chrysostom and of his stand against the growing dissoluteness and corruption : ends with the capture of Rome. [6s. n. ($2), Longman.] Fuller, James Franklin. Culmshire Folk ; by the Author of John Orlebar. 1873 Racy characterization of pleasant types and oddities in a western village, where there are many gentry as well as agricultural folk ; humorous sketching of social intercourse, good stories, women's warfare, etc. [3s. 6d., Cassell, 1888.] John Orlebar, Clerk ; by the Author of Culmshire Folk. 1878 Mainly incisive character-sketches of clerical people — John Orlebar, the Broad Churchman, his Bishop, and various Church dignitaries, along with some rustic folk of all grades of Society. The interlocutors are very witty and skilled at repartee ; yet it is not only an amusing story, but also a thoughtful study of important religious problems. [2s., Cassell, 1890.] ■ Chronicles of Westerley : a Provincial Sketch ; by the Author of Culmshire Folk. 1892 Character-sketches of very pleasant and humorous people in the West Country, amusing eccentrics some of them. [3 vols., 25s. 6d., Blackwood : o.p.] Gaskell, Elizabeth Cleghom [nee Stephenson ; 1810-65]. Mary Barton ; and other Stories. 1848 An early attempt to depict the very poor sympathetically, and to study their social problems from a human standpoint. A tragic story of factory-hands in Manchester, the cardinal incident a murder with which Mary's lover is wrongly charged. Reveals the workings of motive and conscience, and draws some beautiful types of intrinsic nobihty and fortitude. Cousin Phillis is an affecting love story, set in pastoral surroundings. My French Master is a touching portrayal of an imigri, whose politeness and refined nobility realize the old ideals of his order. Written during 1845-7. Ruth ; and other Tales. 1853 A seduced girl by a pious fraud brings up her child honourably, but afterwards suffers for the deceit and brings retribution on the minister who assisted her. A controversial book, one of the first to claim the same standard of purity for men and women. Mr. Harrison's Confessions is a humorous sketch of provincial life in the style of Cranford. Cranford ; and other Tales. 1853 By far the finest of her novels, and worthy to stand with the Vicar of Wakefield and the best of Jane Austen's. Dainty miniature painting of a little old-fashioned, peaceful country town (Knutsford, in Cheshire), inhabited by widows and elderly spinsters living in genteel poverty. A finely graduated series of characters, rich in feminine whimsies and foibles ; with humorous descriptions of bygone etiquette, tea-drinkings, and gossip, and several episodes that appeal to the heart. Captain Brown and Miss Matty are two of her sweetest characters. The Moorland Cottage is a touching story of woman's love and devotion, and The Crooked Branch, a dark and almost incredible tragedy : how a beloved son goes astray, and at length becomes so abandoned that he robs his aged parents. 72 NINETEENTH CENTURY, THIRD QUARTER Gaskell, Elizabeth Cleghom {continued). — North and South. 1855 Another study of the labour question, on a broader scale than Mary Barton, from the stand- point of a just and philanthropic manufacturer, who marries the heroine. Pleads for more human relations between employers and employed, just as Charles Reade does in Put Yourself in his Place, and aptly contrasts the temperament and spirit of the north and the south, the country of the great manufacturers and that of the landed proprietors. Lizzie Leigh ; and other Tales. 1855 Short stories, the best My Lady Ludlow, the character-portrait of a grand old lady, full of aristocratic prejudices and conservatism, tempered by humour and goodness of mind. Sylvia's Lovers. 1863 Written after the Cotton Famine of 1862-3, of which the final chapters are particularly reminiscent. Theme, the mistakes and disappointments of love and wedlock. The sufferings of whale-fishers and other humble folk of old "Whitby (Monkshaven) during the French wars, and their indignation at the cruelties of impressment, deepen the pathetic feeling. St. Sepulchre's is the Hospital of Holy Cross, near Winchester. Wives and Daughters. 1866 Left unfinished, and completed by the writer's daughter. Goes deeply into motive and the growth of character ; the issues just the natural issues of ordinary life, and the characters shown in all the complexity and diversity that the ordinary characters of real life exhibit ; e.g. Molly, a loyal and sunny-natured girl, and the second Mrs. Gibson, a subtly insincere and egotistic woman. Like Cranford, has Knutsford for scene. [Editions of Mrs. Gaskell's Works: 7 vols., cr. 8vo, each 3s. 6d., Smith & Elder {$1.40 n., Scribner, New York) ; 7 vols , sm. post Svo, each 2S. 6d., Smith & Elder (§1 n., Scribner, New York) ; (Pocket Edn.), 8 vols., sm. f'cap 8vo, each is. 6d., Smith & Elder.] Gibbon, Charles [1843-go]. Robin Gray. 1869 Gibbon was a man with no natural gift for novel- writing, who apphed himself to the occupation with some commercial success. This is a novelistic treatment of the well-known Scots tale. [3s. 6d., 2s., Chatto.] For Lack of Gold. 1871 Similarly this is an idyllic tale worked up with the ingredients demanded by the circulating library to make a novel on the stereotyped plan. [3s. 6d., 2S., Chatto.] What Will the World Say ? 1875 A number of Scottish and English characters, soberly drawn, occasionally with humorous traits. A millionaire's perplexities when his matrimonial schemes are thwarted by his children, who difier so strangely from the generation he knew, their complicated love affairs, and the growth of true afiection between a runaway couple. [2s., Chatto.] The Braes of Yarrow. 1881 A tale of Flodden Field (1513). [3s. 6d., 2S., Chatto.] The Golden Shaft. 1882 The love-story of a provost's daughter, whose mother is prejudiced on the score of gentle birth, and a young Scotch manufacturer, about whose origin there is an unpleasant mystery. Various worthies of a Galloway village are drawn with sympathy or with the mildest satire. [3s. 6d., 2S., Chatto ; $1, Dodd & Mead, New York.] Grant, James [1822-87]. The Romance of War ; or. The Highlanders in Spain. 1846 Grant's typical romance — love-making in Perthshire, Highlanders in the Peninsular War, and the Waterloo campaign ; battle scenes, duels, flirtations, and sketches of Spanish character and manners ; the narrative ending with the hero's return to Scotland and union with his love. All Grant's novels are suitable for boys. The Adventures of Rob Roy. 1848 A collection of anecdotes and traditions about the career of the doughty cateran (c. 1715), with very httle if any fiction. 73 ENGLISH FICTION Grant, James (continued). — ^The Adventures of an Aide-de-Camp. 1848 Campaigning and miscellaneous adventure in Italy, battle of Maida (1806) and siege of Scylla. Zingari, brigands, patriots, French and British soldiers, all play their part. Bothwell ; or, The Days of Queen Mary. 1851 Career of Mary's evil spirit, Bothwell (1566-77). Opens in Norway, where he is an ambassador to the Danish King, with scenes of shipwreck and peril. Lady Bothwell's piteous tragedy, the murder of Darnley, Bothwell's amour and marriage with Mary, his miserable end as a captive in Malmo. The Scottish Cavaher ; or, The Revolution of 1688. 1851 Dundee and the battle of Killiecrankie. — Jane Seton. 1853 James Vs disasters (1537). — PhiUp RoUo ; or. The Scotch Musketeers. 1854 Scottish soldiers of fortune in the Thirty Years' War ; Tilly, etc. (1626-9). — The Yellow Frigate ; or, The Three Sisters. 1855 The romantic and tragic incidents that marked the close of James Ill's reign, the insurrection of the nobles, the battle of Sauchiebum, and the murder of James (1488), followed by the sea fights with the English in the Firth of Forth. The fiction has a more prosperous ending. — Harry Ogilvie ; or, The Black Dragoons. 1856 A Royalist story of the Great Civil War (1632-51). Scotch politics and religious feuds, the Solemn League and Covenant, invasion of England, coronation of Charles II at Scone, the battle of Inverkeithing and the sack of Dundee, with, of course, a love-story running through the narrative. — Frank Hilton ; or. The Queen's Own. 1857 Scenes of regimental life, a troopship voyage to Aden, the hero's adventurous mission as envoy to an Arab sultan, winding up with a big battle in which the Arabs are severely beaten. Sketches of Oriental life, scenery, religious and superstitious observances, and Oriental tales. — ■- Arthur Blane ; or, The Hundred Cuirassiers. 1858 The Scottish Guard (1634-7). — Lucy Arden. 1859 A complete narrative of the Jacobite rebeUion in 1715, with racy character-sketches of the leaders and the more prominent rank and iile. The hero gets mixed up with the rising, but escapes punishment and wins the heroine of the love-story. Grant shows much irresponsible originality in making out " General " Forster to be a good-natured debauchee, whose fondness for women nearly led to his capture by the enemy. - — ■ Mary of Lorraine. i860 Battle of Pinkie {1547). — Oliver Ellis ; or. The Fusiliers. 1861 Capture of Guadeloupe (1794). — The Captain of the Guard. 1862 James II of Scotland and the House of Douglas. Scenes : Edinburgh, Galloway, and Flanders (1440-55). — Second to None. 1864 Adventures of a penniless gentleman, who serves in the Scots Greys under the Duke of Cumberland in Hanover (1759) ; camp life, an exciting night action, swift and strange turns of fortune, escapes, disguises, rescues, amours ; a rapid succession of melodramatic events, with plenty of horror to flavour. — Lady Wedderbum's Wish. 1870 74 NINETEENTH CENTURY, THIRD QUARTER Grant, James [continued). — Laura Everingham. 1857 Under the Red Dragon. 1872 One of the Six Hundred. 1875 The Lord Hermitage. 1878 Regimental life, the Crimean War, and love aflfairs ; rather commonplace stories, told with a certain vigour. The Duke of Albany's Highlanders. 1880 Second Afghan War. [Each 28., Routledge (^i. Button, New York).] Hall, Marie [nee Sibree, 1839-85]. Andrew Marvel and his Friends, [juvenile] 1873-4 A careful historical study of Kingston-upon-Hull and its worthies, with its relations to the history of England during the Protectorate and the reign of Charles II. The two sieges of Hull by the RoyaUsts in 1642-3, and the life of the poet Marvel, are the most im- portant historical matters. [3s. 6d., A. Brown & Sons, Hull.] Hamley, Sir Edward Bruce [1824-93]. Lady Lee's Widowhood. 1854 Not very complex in motive or characters, but vivacious and fuU of hearty good-humour. Col. Lee is a fine type of character, contrasted with his swindling associate, whose degrad- ation and ruin are pathetic. The incidents are of an interesting kind, if not exciting. [2s., Blackwood.] Helps, Sir Arthur [1813-75]. Realmah. 1868 A number of well-known statesmen, very thinly disguised, discuss the leading questions of the day. [6s., MacmiUan : o.p.] Ivan de Biron. 1873 A story of Russia in the middle of the i8th Century. [3s. 6d., 2s., Chatto.] Hughes, Thomas [1823-97]. Tom Brown's Schooldays. 1856 Judge Hughes may be grouped with the exponents of muscular Christianity, and is certainly one of the most healthy and unaffected. This is a spirited account of Tom's early days in the country and his Ufe at Rugby under Dr. Arnold, telling of his fights and friendships, bird-nesting and poaching, school sports and escapades, the whole with a most infectious sympathy for boyhood. The love of truth and manUness, Tom's honesty, loyalty, and reverence for what is better than himself, make, and were intended to make, a strong apjJeal to young readers. [3s. 6d. ($1) ; (Golden Treasury Ser.), 2s. 6d. n. ($1) ; (Prize Edn.), 2s. 6d. (75c.) ; (Pocket Classics), 2S. n. (25c. n.), MacmiUan. Illustrated by E. J. SulHvan (Cranford Ser.), 6s. ($2), MacmiUan; illustrated by J. A. Symington, 2s. 6d., Routledge; Pocket Edn. (New Universal Lib.), is.n., Routledge (50c., Button, New York).] Tom Brown at Oxford. 1861 The history of Tom Brown's collegiate life — an ideal picture of a young Enghshman, the athlete, scholar, gentleman. Most of the characters are new. Too obtrusively didactic, although the book is silent on the inner life of the university, the prevailing thought, jeUgious tendencies, and educational activities. Ends with Tom's marriage and a matri- monial homily. [3s. 6d. ($1.50), 2S., MacmiUan; Pocket Edn. (New Universal Lib.), is. n., Routledge (50c., Button, New York).] Jenkins, John Edward [1838-1910]. Ginx's Baby: his Birth and other Mis- fortunes. 1870 A satire on English benevolent institutions, illustrating, by the absurd efforts of a poor man to get rid of his baby, the dangers to be feared from a vast pauper proletariat. The author sums up as foUows : " Philosophers, Philanthropists, PoUticians, Papists and Protestants, Poor Law Ministers and Parish Of&cers — ^while you have been theorising and discussing, debating, wrangling, legislating and administrating — Good God ! between you all, where has Ginx's baby gone to ? " [2s. 6d., MuUan, Belfast : o.p.] 75 ENGLISH FICTION Jenkins, John Edward (continued). — Jobson's Enemies. 1879-82 Many characters and episodes, giving the humours of a small Canadian town seventy years ago, after which the hero is brought to England. The general lesson is that a great career may be ruined from despicable causes, and that a man who wishes to get on should not be too uncompromising. [3s. 6d., Sonnenschein : o.p.] Kavanagh, Julia [1824-77]. Madeleine : a Tale of Auvergne. 1848 A love-story, rich in pictures of places and manners in Auvergne (1804), pathetic and unfortu- nate in its issue : the disappointed Madeleine devotes her life to founding and fostering an orphanage. [2s., Ward & Lock, o.p. ; I1.25, Appleton, New York.] Nathalie. 1850 Scene, Normandy ; the country life and characters sketched from memories of a youth spent there. Nathalie is a sprightly and impulsive Proven9al, whose.errors of tact and judgment bring on herself many troubles ; the old Canoness is a fine old native type. A tender, sentimental story, thoroughly naturalized as a delineation of French character. [2s. 6d., Hurst & Blackett ; $1.25, Appleton, New York.] Adele. 1857 An idyllic picture of happy life in an old chateau, with affectionate and truthful drawing of French life and manners ; the sunny-natured and high-bom heroine in the sequel marries an Englishman. [2s. 6d., Hurst & Blackett, o.p. ; $1.25, Appleton, New York.] Silvia. 1870 To set before us the character and fortunes of this pretty Italian is the main object of the novel, which contains pictures of scenery and country life in Italy and France, and character-sketching of French people and English living abroad. Silvia is a wilful girl, loyal and true, ignorant but gifted, and a winning character. Her love affairs with an English engineer, and his melodramatic vendetta with a rascally innkeeper, are the chief materials of the romance. (75c., Appleton, New York : o.p.] Two Liiies. 1877 A pair of beautiful girls, intrinsically unlike in character, one of whom, after the proverbial troubles, is married to the hero, who has had love passages with both. Character-sketches of English people in Normandy, and some farcical pages, with descriptions of a picturesque Norman town. [2s., Blackett, o.p. ; $1.25, Appleton, New York.] Forget-me-nots. 1878 Compact httle tales of quiet French hfe, sketches of girls, etc., mostly happy and peaceful in motive, but touched now and again with pathos, e.g. the peasant idyll. By the Well, a complete romance in miniature, the thoroughly native Story of Monique, Mimi's Sin, and other Norman stories. [3 vols., 31s. 6d., Bentley : o.p.] Keaky, Annie Maria [1825-79]. Janet's Home. 1863 An uneventful story of home life, its joys and sorrows, daily hopes and cares ; with deUcate drawing of average characters in the family of a poor tutor who married a weU-bom girl. [3s. 6d. {5i), Macinillan.] — — Oldbury. 1869 Resembles Cranford in its delineations of character and manners in a sniall country town. An Evangelical clergyman, amiable, but narrow-minded and lacking in moral fibre, is domineered over by the female leader of the serious party in Oldbury, is tried by the loss of his wife, and finds his religion not adequate as a source of comfort ; Mrs. Cutwidge, an egotistic woman who believes herself an agent of Providence, and the quaint, tender- hearted old lady Mrs. Berry, are the other chief persons. Plot deals with the troubles of an innocent family, one of whose members is a convict, and the pathos of a girl's love when she fears the shame that will take her lover from her. [3s. 6d., Macmillan.] Castle Daly. 1875 Irish life fifty years ago at the time of the famine and the Smith O'Brien insurrection. The plot deals with many romantic and tragic vicissitudes, and furnishes views of the starving peasantry and their squalid but contented existence, and of the landowning classes. 76 NINETEENTH CENTURY, THIRD QUARTER The Dalys are half English. Mr. Daly, who is shot in mistake for an agent, is beloved of his tenantry ; one son joins in the rising, another, educated at Eton and prejudiced in favour of England, is ultimately converted to Home Rule. The author is studiously im- partial. There are other EngUsh and Irish types (the nationahst O'Donnell being probably a portrait), also descriptions of scenery in Galway and Connemara. [3s. 6d., Macmillan ; Si. 25, $1, Porter, Philadelphia.] Keary, Annie Maria (continued). — A York and Lancaster Rose. 1876 Contrasting characters of two girls. [3s. 6d. ($1), Macmillan.] A Doubting Heart. 1879 A fine novel left unfinished, and completed by Mrs. MacQuoid. [3s. 6d. {$1), Macmillan.] Kennedy, Patrick [1801-73]. The Banks of the Boro : a Chronicle of the County of Wexford. 1867 A country tale by the well-known student of Irish mythology and antiquities, embodying a mass of local tales, ballads, and legends, illustrating in picturesque variety the home life, the customs and traditions, and the mercurial temperament of the peasant. [2s., M'Gla- shan & Gill, Dubhn, 1875.] Kettle, Rosa Mackenzie. Lewell Pastures. 1854 The Mistress of Langdale Hall. 1872 A domestic story of life in the West Riding on the fringe of the manufacturing district. Several characters hold managers' and other positions in mills. A daughter's estrangement from her parents by cleaving to an eccentric and imperious relative, with whom they are at feud, is the motive, which leads to some emotional scenes. Smugglers and Foresters. 1875 [Each 3s. 6d., Unwin.] KiNGSLEY, Rev. Charles [1819-75]. Alton Locke, Tailor and Poet: an Auto- biography. 1850 A tract as well as a novel ; an embodiment of the doctrines of Christian Socialism, inspired by Carlyle and by Kingsley's " master," F. D. Maurice. It exposes the evils of " sweating " in realistic pictures of the London poor, and enters indignantly into the broader question of the condition of England at the time of the Chartist agitation {1838-42). The history of a life made abortive by the tyranny of circumstances. Alton Locke is a strenuous fighter for the rights of his fellows, who goes to prison for the cause and dies tragically. Among the characters is prominent the generous and fierce old Scot, Sandy Mackaye. Yeast. 1851 A fierce social pamphlet rather than a novel, giving expression to the discontent seething in rural districts — the thread of romance, a young fox-hunter's love for an idealist and ascetic girl, merely stringing together denunciatory pictures of the condition of the country labourer, his poverty, immorality, insanitary surroundings, the tyrannous game laws, poaching, and so on. It also opens up problems of faith and scepticism. Appeared in Fraser's Magazine in 1848, and is therefore his first novel. Hypatia ; or. New Foes with an Old Face. 1853 Hellenic Egypt (c. 413-5), when Christianity and paganism were at war ; Goths, Romans, Greeks, and a crowd of minor races come on the stage ; and there is great variety of situation and incident, of dramatic and emotional passages. The heroine is the famous votress and martyr of Neo-Platonism. The polemics of old heresies and old religions have a significant bearing on recent controversies, and enable Kingsley to exalt "Muscular Christianity " at the expense of what he held to be modern errors. Westward Ho ! 1855 A kind of national Saga, bodying forth the spirit of adventure that sent Drake, Raleigh, Hawkins, Grenville and their compeers to wreck the world-empire of Spain in the East and West hemispheres. An impassioned narrative of high achievement, culminating in 77 ENGLISH FICTION the overthrow of the Armada. A band of young adventurers from Devon sail on a fanciful quest to the Spanish Main. Though Kingsley had not yet been there, he paints the American scenery magnificently. He idealizes his heroes, who are faultless young men from Cambridge, rather than the fierce and lawless natures depicted by Elizabethan play- wrights. The prose-epic of Muscular Christiahity. Kingsley, Rev. Charles {continued). — The Heroes ; or, Greek Fairy Tales for my Children. [juvenile] 1856 The stories of Perseus and Andromeda, the Argonauts, and Theseus, retold in a simple, straight- forward style, like a modem tale of adventure, so as to be intelligible and delightful to children. The moral tone of all Kingsley's work is here, but it does not overweight the stories, as happened to some of Hawthorne's Tanglewood Tales. Two Years Ago. 1857 The story revolves round the life of a rationalist, and, beside the personal interests, opens up many problems of conduct and religion. Contains perhaps his best characterization of Ufelike individuals. There are many descriptive passages dealing with the scenery of Devon and North Wales. Muscular Christianity is definitely embodied in the athletic parson. The Water-Babies : a Fairy Tale for a Land-Baby. 1863 A poor little chimney-sweep is carried oft by a good fairy, and being equipped with gills is introduced to the marvels of the world of waters. The aim is didactic. The pretty little fables which alternate with the gay burlesque inculcate the love of Nature, the beauty of purity, cleanliness, simplicity, reverence. Hereward the Wake ; Last of the English. i856 A direct and not unsuccessful imitation of the Sagas — the whole spirit of the book Scandi- navian. Hereward is half a Dane, and refuses to fight under the West Saxon Harold. His career is like that of the usual Saga hero — a wild, unruly youth, outlawry, brilhant exploits abroad, and a return home at last to fight for his patrimony in the Fens. A singular contrast to Macfarlane's Hereward — he is no true patriot, but a fierce, passionate, unmanageable hero, a true Viking, with fits of Berserk madness. A very free rendering of history, but full of life touches and a genuine sense of tragedy. Kingsley's most " muscu- lar " novel. [Each 3s. 6d. (?i), Macmillan ; (Eversley Edn.), each in 2 vols. {Yeasi in i vol.), each vol. 4s. n. ($1.50) ; (Pocket Edn.), Westward Ho I in 2 vols., each vol. is. 6d. Illustrated (Prize Edn.), each 2S. 6d. (50c.).] Kingsley, Henry [1830-76]. The Recollections of Geoffrey Hamlyn. 1859 Henry Kingsley was more of a noveUst than his brother, inasmuch as he excelled where Charles was weak, that is in the delineation of character. His first two novels were his best, freshly made as they were out of an abundant store of personal recollections, Kingsley having lived a nomadic, knockabout life in Devon, as a boy, and then on the cattle- stations and the goldfields of New South Wales. The scheme of Geoffrey Hamlyn is the history of a family and their friends, who leave Devon and settle on farms in New South Wales, where the villain of the piece, formerly transported as a convict, turns up as head of a fiendish gang of bushrangers. The incidents are thrilling, the scenes of happy family life and the portraits of healthy sterling character have a genuine fascination, and the glorious scenery of Gippsland is depicted with a vivid pen very different from his brother's elaborate word-painting. Ravenshoe. 1862 Likewise a family romance, introducing us to a crowd of attractive people, among whom even the villains and the blackguards have a certain bonhomie. The plot may be neglected, elaborate though it is. The squire of Ravenshoe, his scapegrace brother the blackleg Lord Walter, the old priest, the children, servants, fishermen, and West Country folk generally, are a galaxy of diverse character, and old dowager Lady Ascot, the grand seigneur Lord Saltire, and old Humby, the rustic squire, show real humour — Austin Elliot [with The Harveys]. 1863 cha! md \ 78 A slight story with beautiful characters, a charming friendship, and a love affair that is like an idealized friendship. Eton, Wales, and Scotland are some of the scenes. NINETEENTH CENTURY, THIRD QUARTER KiNGSLEY, Henry {continued). — ^The Hillyars and the Burtons : a Story of Two Families. 1865 As inchoate as anything he vsTOte. A baronet's family and the family of a blacksmith are brought into contact by events. Kingsley pursues the fortunes of the several members in Chelsea and in Australia, and portrays a notable set of honest, manly, and affectionate people. Sketches of Australian Ufe and scenery show his deep enthusiasm. iSilcote of Silcotes. 1867 A family chronicle, showing a number of strong, masterful, clashing personalities in the act of development ; chief among them Silcote, the " Dark Squire," a powerful, bullying, yet engaging old " Berserk." Terse, critical, sarcastic dialogue ; situations rather too mono- tonously charged with dramatic irony. Scenes : a fine old English country house, a great school, and Italy during the war of liberation (1859), with the battleiields of Montebello and Palestro. Touches on Puseyism. Mademoiselle Mathilde. 1868 A romance of England and France during the French Revolution. Marat is a prominent figure, and Robespierre and CamiUe Desmoulins come on the stage. The first half light comedy, the second melodrama, with the massacres of the Abbaye for the catastrophe. Stretton. i86g Like most of his novels, a group of characters rather than a series of events. Recounts the childhood, life at school and at Oxford, and the early manhood of children of several county families in Shropshire. Sets forth the same great ideal of honest, noble, and affectionate manliness. Aunt Eleanor, the frank, sarcastic, warm-hearted farmer, is the figure we remember the book by. Ends with a confused account of the outbreak of the Indian Mutiny. Old Margaret \_with other Stories]. 1871 A story of the people of Ghent in the time of Philip the Good of Burgundy (c. 1400). Plenty of action, description and character, and of his peculiar touches of human nature. The Van Eycks are brought in. The Harveys \_with Austin Elliot]. 1872 The history of a very Bohemian family, comprising pictures of life as varied as the characters. Old Mr. Harvey, shiftless and irresponsible, simple-minded, but shrewd in the pursuit of theological difficulties ; his favourite son, the artist, whose school life and early career are alive with adventure : these and the rest of the family, with their pecuniary troubles and cheery disposition, are portraits conceived in Kingsley's usual buoyant and humorous spirit. Has a good deal to say about Spiritualism. Valentin : a French Boy's Story of Sedan \_with Number Seventeen], [juvenile] 1872 Kingsley was a war correspondent, and the first Englishman to enter Sedan. [Each 3s. 6d., Ward & Lock ($1.25, Longman, New York).] Kingston, William Henry Giles [1814-80]. Peter the Whaler. [juvenile] 1851 The Pirate of the Mediterranean. [juvenile] 1851 Digby Heathcote. [juvenile] i860 Rousing stories of adventure by sea and land, wholesome and inspiring for boys. [(1) 2S., Ward & Lock (50c., Street, New York); (2) 2S., Routledge; (3) 2S. 6d., Routledge (Ji, Dutton, New York).] Hurricane Hurry. [juvenile] 1873 Adventures of a naval officer, chiefly with the British fleet {1764-81). [3s. 6d., Griffith & Farran ; $2.50, Pott, New York.] The Three Midshipmen. [juvenile] 1873 The Three Lieutenants. [juvenile] 1875 79 ENGLISH FICTION Kingston, William Henry Giles {continued). — ^The Three Commanders, [juvenile] 1876 The Three Admirals. [juvenile] 1878 Adventure stories, putting an exhilarating ideal of devotion to duty before the minds of boys. [Each 3s. 6d., Grifiath & Farran ($1, Dutton, New York).] From Powder-Monkey to Admiral. [juvenile] 1883 Naval adventures during the great struggle with Napoleon. [5s., Hodder ; ?i.50, Armstrong, New York.] Hendricks the Hunter ; or, The Border Farm. [juvenile] 1884 A tale of Zululand. [2s. 6d., Hodder.] Lang, John. The Wetherbys ; or, A few Chapters of Indian Experience. 1850 A journalist's picture of Anglo-Indian life and manners before the Mutiny (c. 1845) ; caustic in its satire and caricatures of bygone types of English and half-castes. Ferozeshah supplies a battle-piece. [Chapman : o.p.] Lawrence, George Alfred [1827-76]. Guy Livingstone ; or, Thorough. 1857 Lawrence wrote a number of crude, defiant, and theatrical romances of contemporary life, proclaiming his gospel of victorious manhood. His " physical force doctrine " was called by detractors the creed of " Muscular Blackguardism." Guy is his representative hero, a Byronic, arrogant, aristocratic young man, of prodigious bodily strength and implacable temper — a Berserk out of his element in an age of peace and civilization, who discharges his pent-up energies in libertine amours and physical sports, in the lack of more serious fields for his prowess. His fellows, including the old crony who writes the memoir, love him in spite of his cruelty and egoism. The supposed biographer introduces congenial anecdotes, such as the defence of a house against Irish moonlighters by a handful of gentle- men, with tremendous carnage. Brilliantly satirized in Bret Harte's Condensed Novels. [With introd. by E. A. Baker (Half-forgotten Books), 2s., Routledge (Si, Dutton, New York, 1903).] Sword and Gown. ' 1859 Here another champion of muscularity, " the Cool Captain," wins the heart of a Society beauty and then divulges that he has a wife living. He is eventually killed in the Crimea, whither the girl has followed him as a hospital nurse. The novelist hopes that Heaven may have mercy on this bold rider's soul, [is., Routledge : o.p.] Brakespeare ; or, The Fortunes of a Free-Lance. 1868 An historical and romantic version of the muscular novel. Brakespeare is a free companion, like the famous mercenary Sir John Hawkwood. An almost epical -panorama of the great days of Cressy and Poitiers, the days of Manny and Chandos (1347— c. 1365). After bearing the brunt of a hundred combats, Lawrence's champion falls at the hands of Du Guesclin. The fighting scenes reveal the inspiration of the Norse Sagas, which were at the height of a fresh popularity in Lawrence and Kingsley's time. [2s., Routledge.] Breaking a Butterfly : Blanche Ellerslie's Ending. 1869 Another embodiment of Lawrence's doctrine of the overman. His style is often vivid and imaginative, but at its worst as florid and pretentious as Ouida's, and by no means " a well of English undefiled." [2s., Tinsley : o.p.] Hagarene. 1874 Lawrence's idea of an adventuress. [2s., Chapman : o.p.] Le Fanu, Joseph Sheridan [1814-73]. The Fortunes of Col. Torlogh O'Brien. 1847 Le Fanu had already ijwritten Cock and Anchor : a Tale of Old Dublin (1845), a gloomy novel of no importance. This is a good historical novel of 1689-91, when the Jacobites and Williamites were fighting and plotting to ruin each other. The battle of Aughrim is well described. [3s. 6d., Duffy, Dublin.] 80 NINETEENTH CENTURY, THIRD QUARTER Le Fanu, Joseph Sheridan (continued). — The House by the Churchyard. 1863 Le Farm's element was the gruesome and the uncanny, and he produced some remarkable tales in the manner of Poe. This is a murder mystery in which a sinister and ingenious ruffian, Black Dillon, cuts a grim figure. The setting gives scenes of social life in a colony of officers and their families near Dublin. [3s. 6d., DuSy, Dublin.] Uncle Silas : a Tale of Bartram Haugh. 1864 The ward of Uncle Silas is the heroine. He is a mysterious and malevolent old man who schemes to marry her to her profligate cousin and to get hold of her money. Fair means failing, a fiendish plot is contrived, into which, however, one of the accomplices, a wicked French governess, falls a victim. [3s. 6d., Dufiy, Dublin.] In a Glass Darkly. 1872 Five stories from the diary of a neuropathic doctor — a veritable banquet of horrors. In one a clergyman is haunted by a loathsome familiar in the shape of a black monkey, and is driven to suicide. Swedenborgianism, vampires, gruesome apparitions, trances, and other material for creepy sensations are skilfully utilized. Green Tea is Le Fanu's master- piece of terror. [4s., Macmillau : o.p.] Linton, Eliza [«/e Lynn ; 1822-98]. Grasp your Nettle. 1865 Sober delineation of ordinary life in a smaU circle of country society, living in their own little world, immersed in their own petty pro] ects and interests, local gossip and family squabbles . The rector's wife and daughter, the Calvinistic curate awkwardly in love with a bewitching foreigner, the Dorcas Society, old maids and old bachelors, such are the characters. The nettle to be grasped by the heroine's husband is the threat of troubles and disgrace that may arise from the reappearance of his first wife, believed to be dead. [2s., Smith & Elder, 1876.] — — Lizzie Lorton of Greyrigg. 1866 A Cumberland parish in early 19th century years, in a state of semi-barbarism and irreligion, with a devout young ritualist newly appointed as rector. Lizzie Lorton, a half-savage young beauty, brought up in a narrow home and panting for a fuUer life, is loved by the young Oxonian, but prefers a muscular but worthless fellow, who flirts with and jilts her. Here are the elements of a drama having some sensational features. The minor characters bring in comic views of Hfe among the dalesmen : the dialect faithfully reproduced. [2s., Ward & Lock : o.p.] Sowing the Wind. 1867 A rather didactic novel of character, with a disastrous married life as main theme. Sympathy is concentrated on a woman of energetic and loyal character, whom her husband loves for her physical beauty alone. The course of events exposes the weakness of this sensual and selfish man, who dies tragically before the end, leaving his wife to marry a brave and worthy lover. [3s. 6d., zs., is. n., Chatto.] The True History of Joshua Davidson, Christian Communist. 1872 A didactic novel, the memoirs of a young working-man, who, in his mistakes and readjustments to the ideal, typifies the follower of Christ, [is., Methuen.] Under Which Lord. 1879 The rival lords for a woman's devotion are her husband and the priest. A tract disguised as a novel, very one-sided in its illustration of the moral. The hero is a saintly Agnostic, much ideaUzed, the object being to show the evils of priestly interference; the orthodox Christian is depicted as a tyrant and a bully. [3s. 6d., 2s., Chatto.] Manning, Anne [1807-79]. The Maiden and Married Life of Mary Powell. [juvenile] 1850 The family life of the poet Milton, set forth in the autobiography of his wife (1643—6). Their meeting and courtship, their Loudon life, the famous estrangement that led to the tracts on divorce, and their ultimate reconciliation, related with fullness of detail and deep feminine sympathy. Written in a close imitation of the old prose. [Illustrated by John JeUicoe and Herbert Rsulton, 3s. 6d., Routledge; $1.50, Dutton, New York; see also below.] Deborah's Diary [sequel]. [juvenile] 1858 The life of Milton's daughter [with Mary Powell, 6s., Nimmo ; with Mary Powell (Every- man's Lib.), IS. n.. Dent (35c. n., Dutton, New York).] G 81 ^ ENGLISH FICTION Manning, Anne [continued). — ^The Colloquies of Edward Osborne, Citizen and Cloth- worker of London. 1851 The founder of the ducal house of Leeds tells his own story, in charmingly old-fashioned lan- guage, from the day when he was entered apprentice on London Bridge (1547-59)- A pretty story that is substantially true. [Illustrated by Jellicoe and Railton, 3s. 6d., Routledge; $1.50, Dutton, New York.] ■ The Household of Sir Thomas More. 1851 A restoration of the man and his times, in the imaginative form of a journal by his daughter Margaret ; founded on a study of Erasmus and other authorities and imitating the coeval style (1522-35). [Illustrated by Jellicoe and Railton, 3s. 6d., Routledge; $1.50, Dutton, New York; illustrated by C. E. Brock, 5s. n.. Dent; (Ever5Tnan's Lib.), is. n.. Dent (35c. n., Dutton, New York). — The Commentaries of Ser Pantaleone. 1856 The story of Tasso and Leonora d'Este, sister of the Duke of Ferrara, told by the lady's gentleman-usher (1565-71). The poet's supposed attachment to this princess is said, with more or less foundation, to have been one of the causes that led to his confinement in 1579. [o.p.] — Cherry and Violet : a Story of the Plague. [juvenile] 1864 (1665-6). [Illustrated by Jellicoe and Railton, 6s., Nimmo; %i, Dodd & Mead, New York.] The Old Chelsea Bun-house. [juvenile] 1866 A quiet little tale, with pictures of bygone society (i8th century) woven round scenes which Miss Manning knew and loved. [Illustrated by Jellicoe and Railton, 3s. 6d., Routledge ; $1.50, Dutton, New York.] Passages in the Life of the Faire Gospeller, Anne Askew. [juvenile] 1866 The story of the famous martyr (1546). [6s., Bentley, o.p. ; $1, Dodd & Mead, New York.] Diana's Crescent. [juvenile] 1868 During Nelson's campaigns (1803-5). [2 vols., los. 6d., Bentley : o.p.] Marryat, Florence [Mrs. Francis Lean, prev. Mrs. Ross Church, 1838-99]. Too Good for Him. 1865 Florence Marryat was a daughter of the great nautical romancer, and published some ninety novels of a middling popular character. The hero of this, an unloved and neglected son, grows up dissipated and unfortunate, and in marrying for money secures a bride whom the authoress puts forward as a perfect creature — too good for him. [2s., Wame.] Petronel. 1870 A successful doctor takes under his protection the orphan daughter of the woman who jilted him. The girl's impulsive and skittish but loyal character wins the heart of this staid, middle-aged man, and he marries her in spite of hostile criticism. One of the more passable of her domestic and " psychical " novels. [2s., Warne.] Melville, George James Whyte- [1821-78]. Captain Digby Grand : an auto- biography. 1853 A novel after Lytton's style (as exemplified in the Caxtons, etc.), with sporting scenes and characters grafted on. Whyte-Melville's speciality was the sporting novel, peopled with daring hunters of both sexes, social scenes and country-house life — everything, in short, connected with the hunting-field. [3s. 6d., is. 6d., Ward & Lock; is. 6d. ($1.25), Longman, New York.] Tilbury Nogo, an Unsuccessful Man. 1854 Mr. Nogo, a wealthy sportsman, writes his own reminiscences in a chatty and desultory way, with many a regretful reflection thrown in. Runs with the hounds, after-dinner talks about dogs and horses, scenes of high play and cheating, desperate flirtations, are loosely combined into a story. Mr. Nogo would be a great hunter, but his prowess hardly equals his desires. [3s. 6d., Ward & Lock ; J i .25, Longman, New York.] 82 NINETEENTH CENTURY, THIRD QUARTER Melville, George James Whyte- {continued).— Tht Interpreter. 1858 A serial novel, changing its scenes from England to Turkey, Paris, Hungary, and the Crimea. Naughty characters, e.g. an Hungarian princess employed by the Austrian Government to seduce her lover, a wicked guardsman, etc. ; but they are regarded through a rosy atmosphere that veils the unpleasantness. As to the events connected with the war, it may be mentioned that Melville served in the Turkish contingent. [3s. 6d., Ward & Lock ; IS. 6d. (§1.25, 60C.), Longman, New York.] Holmby House. i860 A romance of 1644-9 — Newbury, Naseby, the captivity and death of the King. Mary Cave, the high-souled heroine, is perhaps the author's best female character ; and Cromwell is presented in an unprejudiced portrait. [3s. 6d., is. 6d., Ward & Lock; is. 6d. (?i.25, 60c.), Longman, New York.] Market Harborough ; or, How Mr. Sawyer went to the Shires. 1861 A sporting novel of Leicestershire ; published with a rollicking tale. Inside the Bar ; or, Sketches at Soakington. [3s. 6d., Ward & Lock; $1.25, Longman, New York.] , The Gladiators : a Tale of Rome and Judaea. 1863 An energetic story of Rome and the Holy Land (a.d. 69-70). The hero, a noble British slave, is loved by a beautiful patrician, who in turn is loved by the Tribune Placidus, a subtle compound of sensuality and ambition. Britons and Roman nobles fight in the arena ; then the scene is transferred to Jerusalem, the siege of which takes up the later chapters. The defeat and death of VitelUus afford lurid scenes of tumult and carnage ; and the finale is dramatic. [3s. 6d., is.. Ward & Lock ; (New Universal Lib.), is. n., Routledge (50c., Button, New York) ; is. 6d., (§1.25, 60c.), Longman, New York.] The Queen's Maries. 1864 The story of Mary Queen of Scots; Holyrood, Arabella Stuart, etc. [is. 6d. ($1.25, 60c.), Longman.] Cerise. 1866 A melodramatic tale of Louis XIV's last days and the Regency of Orleans ; love entangle- ments, court intrigues, privateering, adventures in the West Indies, and dealings with the Jacobites. [3s. 6d., Ward & Lock ; |i. 25, Longman, New York.] — Sarchedon : a Tale of the Great Queen. 1871 Egypt and Assyria in the times of Semiramis (2000 B.C.). A story of action, with some char- acter-drawing. The priests of Baal play a conspicuous part, and by a bold anachronism the author introduces events in Egypt just before the Exodus. [3s. 6d., Ward & Lock ,•: I1.25, Longman, New York.] — Satanella : a Story of Punchestown. 1872 A racy racing story, showing the best side of military and sporting life — hearty good fellows are the typical characters. The fate of the heroine and her favourite mare (both called Satanella) is tragic. [3s. 6d., Ward & Lock ; $1.25, Longman, New York.] — Katerfelto : a Story of Exmoor. 1875 A semi-historical novel of 1763, crowded with incident and picturesque character, gipsies, deer-hunters, and other inhabitants of the moor. Stag-hunting is described with the zest and knowledge of a keen sportsman. [3s. 6d., is. 6d., Ward & Lock ; I1.25, Longman, New York.] Sister Louise ; or. The Story of a Woman's Repentance. 1876 A French romance of Louis XIV's time {c. 1642-55). [2s., Ward & Lock; with Rosine, J 1. 25, Longman, New York.] [Works, 24 vols., 8vo, Thacker, ;£i2 12s. n. ($72 n., Lane, New York).] Neale, Rev. John Mason [1818-66]. The Egyptian Wanderers. [juvenile] 1854 "A story of the Tenth Persecution under Diocletian" (303-13). '[23., S.P.C.K.] 83 ENGLISH FICTION Neale, Rev. John Mason (continued). — Theodora Phranza. 1857 A story closing with the fall of Constantinople (1453). Neale was an Anglican divine who wrote a long series of historical tales for children, most of them illustrating Church history. This and the preceding are among the best of these. [3s. 6d., S.P.C.K.] Norton, Hon. CaroUne Ehzabeth Sarah [nee Sheridan ; 1808-77]. Stuart of Dun- leath : a Story of Modem Times. 1851 A leisurely and highly elaborated novel of the old-fashioned type, going into minutest par- ticulars about home and family surroundings, family history, etc. There are nearly a score of separate characters, chiefly Scotch — the heroine is an immaculate creature, the hero, a weak man, who risks his ward's fortune, loses it and disappears, returning to find her wedded to a brute. She dies of a broken heart. Said to embody a good deal of veiled autobiography. [2s., Ward & Lock : o.p.] Lost and Saved. 1863 A special pleading for women wronged, maintaining that the men suffer too lightly and the women out of all proportion to their faults. The girl who is shamed is innocent, while a Society woman, whose offences are many, is able to present a fair face to the world. Among the crowd of minor characters the vulgar and magnificent Marchioness of Updown is conspicuous. [5s., Hurst & Blackett : o.p.] Old Sir Douglas. 1868 The hero is an elderly Scotsman, a high-bred Christian gentleman, weak-natured, but in his generosity and chivalrous loyalty a very Bayard. These traits he exhibits disastrously in his indulgent policy towards a profligate nephew, and again when entrapped into a behef in his wife's unfaithfulness. The domestic plot has side-scenes of Society life, in which there is characterization and satire of social types, such as the pharisaical old dowager, a grim and bigoted Presbyterian, the selfish fast man, and the stiff-necked Scot. [6s., Macmillan.] Oliphant, Laurence [1829-88]. Piccadilly. 1870 An amusing Satire on contemporary society, telling ironically how a mercenary aristocrat introduces a family of moneyed nobodies to fashionable circles in London. Tilts at a variety of objects which the Bohemian author detested, and half covertly expounds his peculiar theosophy, which was groxmded on Swedenborgianism and the gospel of the inner life. [3s. 6d., 2s. 6d., Blackwood.] Altiora Peto. 1883 A similar combination ol satire and low comedy in the form of a Society novel with an ex- position of mystical doctrines. Altiora is victimized by her guardians. An unconventional pair of American girls and their caricature of a Yankee chaperon are genially sketched. The love scenes are highly abstract dialogues on such recondite subjects as matter and spirit, humanitarian ideals, etc. [3s. 6d., 2S. 6d., Blackwood. Illustrated : 6s., Black- wood.] Palgrave, W. Gifford. Hermann Agha : an Eastern Narrative. 2nd ed. 1872 One of our great Oriental romances. The author, who lived as a Jesuit missionary among the scenes he describes so brilliantly, claims that his story is truer than even the Arabian Nights to the true Orient. The story {1762-8) of Hermann Wolfi, the favourite officer of Ali Bey, who revolted from the Porte in 1768 and ruled Egypt till 1771, when he overran Syria, but was at last defeated. A thrilUng narrative of Hermann's adventures at Bagdad, Diar-Bekr, and in the desert, and of his perilous amour with a beautiful Arab. Transfused with a passionate love of the desert and the free life of the Bedouin, as Lavengro is with the outdoor spirit of the gipsy. [H. S. King & Co. : o.p.] Payn, James [1830-98]. Lost Sir Massingberd. 1864 An ingenious plot-novel, revolving round the mysterious disappearance of a " colossally nefarious " baronet. Payn was a follower of TroUope, whose better qualities he now and then reproduced, e.g. in his best story By Proxy. [3s. 6d., 2s., Chatto.] 84 NINETEENTH CENTURY, THIRD QUARTER Payn, James (continued). — Married Beneath Him. 1865 Contains some humorous scenes and a good many jokes, with a pair of diverting journalists. [23., Chatto ; loc, Munro, New York.] Blondel Parva. 1868 A concise example of the novel of plot. A ruined man insures his life for the benefit of his wife and daughter ; then disappears. When, later on, his daughter is entangled with two suitors, one of these, the villain, threatens to expose the fraud ; but after divers com- plications a happy conclusion is reached, [o.p. ; 2 vols., Bradbury.] Bentinck's Tutor. 1868 A plot-novel, hingeing on the reappearance of a young heir supposed to be drowned, and the discomfiture of the villains. Local colouring from the Lake District (which Payn knew well enough to write a guide-book). [2s., Chatto.] — Not Wooed, but Won. 1871 Full of incident ; how an attractive heroine with a large circle of admirers is lucky enough to secure a fortune by one marriage and an estimable lover by the next. [2s., Ward & Lock.] — Fallen Fortunes. 1876 The plot excites the reader's suspense as to whether the virtuous people will or will not be rewarded with a fortune. Quiet portraiture of character, e.g. the jocular Mr. Dalton and the selfish and offensive Mrs. Campden. [2s., Chatto ; 75c., Appleton, New York.] — By Proxy. 1S78 A strong plot-novel dealing with EngHsh people in China and at home, and containing many passages descriptive of northern Chinese landscapes and ways of life. [3s. 6d., 2s., Chatto.] — Less Black than We're Painted. 1878 Very favourable to the theatrical profession ; the heroine an actress, who reforms her spend- thrift husband and steers a happy and prosperous course through severe trials. [3s. 6d., 2S., Chatto.] — A Grape from a Thorn. 1881 Life at a watering-place, foUies and vanities of fashionable people, the Jacobite craze of a country gentleman, and similar stuff, treated in a light satirical vein. The love story con- cerns a high-bom girl, the " Grape," and a pair of Bohemian friends. [3s. 6d., 2s., Chatto.] — The Canon's Ward. 1884 Depicts a placid, kindly group of people, at their head the scholarly and amiable old Canon, into whose blameless life sorrow comes ungently. The Ward makes a secret marriage ; but, her husband being drowned, a man uses his knowledge of the case to make her marry him. A happy conclusion is skilfully arranged. [2s., Chatto ; $1, Dodd & Mead, New York.] — The Heir of the Ages. 1886 The title refers to a wonderful discovery of a lost Saxon treasure. The main interest is in a governess who takes to writing and suddenly becomes famous, and the doings of a villain who makes love to her in his wife's hfetime. [2s., Smith & Elder: o.p.] Reade, Charies [1814-84]. Peg Woffington. 1853 A free portrait of the famous Irish actress {1720-60) in the emotional episode dramatized in Masks and Faces (1852) by Reade and Taylor. The culminating scene in both is a contest of magnanimity between the injured women. Christie Johnstone. 1853 Based on Reade's knowledge and liking of Scotch fishing folk. A blas4 nobleman goes among the fishing population of a town on the east coast of Scotland, and learns charity from their rough but sincere and hearty character, getting a taste of real life in an adventure ■ that calls out his manhood. Christie and Peg Wof&ngton are Reade's best women characters. 85 ENGLISH FICTION Reade, Charles (continued). — It is Never Too Late to Mend. 1856 Attacks two social evils — the prison system, which is indicted for its culture of vice ; and greed for gold, exemplified in the Australian adventures of two gold-diggers. Founded on industrious research on a gigantic scale ; the prison chapters based on disclosures as to the cruelties practised at Winson Green gaol, Birmingham, 185 1-3. Brown was sketched from Warder Evans (d. 1903) . Many of the episodes are of an exciting melodramatic kind, but the most horrible rest on documentary proofs. Among the characters may be mentioned the saintly and chivalrous chaplain, Mr. Eden, who interferes in the odious tyranny of the prison. The Cloister and the Hearth. 1861 As a piece of historical narrative, crowded with characters, brilliantly pictorial, and based on indefatigable study, this is one of our finest novels of the Middle Ages, taking the hero from the Netherlands through Germany and France to Italy and Rome, and depicting the state of all these countries. Attempts vrith amazing success to reconstruct the whole Ufe of the time. The hero is said to be the father of Erasmus, and his story to be true in the main. Filled from beginning to end with rapid adventure, with glowing and diversified scenes of hfe, and inspired with a brotherly feeling for human nature in all its phases. [Illus- trated by M. B. Hewerdine, 6s. n., 4to, Chatto, igoi : see also infra.'] Love Me Little, Love Me Long. 1859 Hard Cash [sequel]. 1863 Romances carefully built up on solid matters of fact, with an ideaUzed pair of lovers in the simple chivalrous sailor, David Dodd, and the Diana-Uke Lucy Fountain. The hard cash is David's hard-earned fortune, fallen into the clutches of a swindler. David goes mad with the shock ; hence realistic descriptions of an asylum, founded on a mass of documents about lunacy and its treatment in private asylums which evoked rabid criticism . Griffith Gaunt ; or, Jealousy. 1866 A tragic romance of jealousy and the ruin it brings on innocent people. The pure and mag- nanimous heroine is wrongfully suspected by her husband, a despicable fellow, who even- tually goes to the dogs ; and he leaves her and marries again. Later on she is accused of murdering him, and a grim catastrophe is hardly averted by the generous activity of the other woman. A happy sequel is appended to these dark scenes. The reaUsm ofiended prejudiced critics, and the novel was severely handled, among others by Swinburne. Foul Play. 1869 Title refers to a young merchant's conspiracy to wreck one of his own ships and pocket the insurance money. The interest is divided between the steps by which this is brought to light and the adventures of two lovers on a desert islet in the Pacific ; this Crusoe episode has several fresh and entertaining features, but the author's attempts to portray character and emotions are singularly unsuccessful. — Put Yourself in His Place. 1870 Condemns rattening and the underhand methods of the trades unions, pleading for sym- pathy, in the place of hostility, between capital and labour. — A Terrible Temptation : a Story of the Day. 1871 The man of letters, Rolfe, is Reade's own portrait. This was the novel which the American reviewers stigmatized as " carrion literature." — A Simpleton. 1873 — The Wandering Heir. 1873 Two of his inferior later novels, the second suggested by the Tichborne case. — A Woman Hater. 1877 Depicts the insanitary conditions of village life. Hill Stoke is Stoke Row, a hamlet on the estate of Reade's brother at Ipsden. 86 NINETEENTH CENTURY, THIRD QUARTER Reade, Ch&,rles (continued). — ^The Perilous Secret. 1884 A posthumous novel based on his Adelphi drama Love and Money (1882). Single Heart and Double Face. 1884 A novelistic version of his sensational play of the same name {1883). The Jilt ; and Other Tales. 1884 Good Stories of Man and Other Animals. 1884 Two posthumous collections of his short stories. [Ea. 3s. 6d., 2s., Chatto ; ?i.25, Scribner, New York. Works : 18 vols., $24, Dana Estes, Boston.] Reade, WiUiam Winwood [1838-75]. The Martyrdom of Man. 1872 Winwood Reade was a gifted nephew of Charles Reade, who travelled in Africa, exploded Dr. Chaillu's fairy tales about the terrible gorilla, and wrote miscellaneous attacks upon Cathohcism and most other religious beliefs. This nondescript novel — if it can be called a novel — ^is au undisguised plea for atheism. [Eighteenth edition, edited by Legge, 5s., Kegan Paul, 1910.] The Outcast. 1875 An attack upon dogmatic religion and intolerance. A sceptic gives up for conscience' sake a fat living, and with it all worldly advancement ; submits to the most harrowing trials, and out of the depths of his wretchedness curses God ; but at length works out for him- self a faith, though a purely abstract and agnostic faith, on which he bases an exalted system of morality. [5s., Chatto : o.p.] RiDDELL, Mrs. J. H. [Charlotte Eliza Lawson, nee Cowan ; 1832-1906]. George Geith of Fen Court. 1865 A gloomy story of unmitigated trials and disasters : the hero, a study of perseverance in a predetermined course of conduct verging on quixotry, a clergyman unfrocking himself and toiling for money in the city in order to divorce an unworthy wife ; the heroine, an amiable, impulsive woman, who declines to leave her husband when she finds his first wife is yet alive. [2s., MacmiUan.] The Race for Wealth. 1866 Analyses character and the conduct of life. The race for wealth is personified in Forbes and Barbour, the one a kind, afiectionate, and upright man, who advances slowly to moderate success, the other a strong and rapid man, who meets with disaster before the goal is won. Their love affairs are dealt with — Forbes's long-repressed affection for his friend's wife, a dangerous situation harmlessly treated, the other's lawless and calamitous surrender to passion. The women also are very seriously anatomized, except the farcical Ada Perkins, the butt for the author's ridicule. [2s., Wame.] Far above Rubies. 1867 A quiet country story of a melancholy cast. The patient married life of a good woman en- during sUghts and injuries from a fooUsh and selfish husband, who after ruining himself on the Stock Exchange commits suicide. Has a good deal to say about financial rights and wrongs. [2s., Hutchinson.] Robinson, Frederick WilUam [1830-1901]. Grandmother's Money. i860 Robinson was one of the most industrious producers of novels in the three-volume period, since when he has been almost completely forgotten. His master was Dickens, but he went beyond his master in faithful realism, e.g. Owen — a Waif and Jane Cameron. He wrote 55 novels. This is a wholesome novel of character presenting average people with their faults and weaknesses as well as their homely virtues. The grandmother with her " unrelenting soul " and deep affections is a lovable being, and the hero, if not of the stuff of which heroes are usually made, is human, and his wife loves him. The plot with the misdoings of the false lover is rather involved. [2s. 6d., Hurst & Blackett : o.p.]. Owen — a Waif. 1862 87 ENGLISH FICTION Robinson, Frederick William [continued).- — Jane Cameron : Memoirs of a Female Convict. 1863 In these two novels, the first picturing low life in London and the other low life in Glasgow, Robinson's photographic realism, says Mr. Watts-Dunton, reminds one of Defoe. Robin- son anticipated the poor-life story of recent times, and has had few superiors in humorous and sympathetic delineation of the London arab. [(i) 5s., Hutchinson; (2) 2 vols., 21s., Hurst & Blackett : o.p.] Female Life in Prison ; by a Prison Matron. 1863 Began a series of novels dealing with prison life. This is based on the personal experiences of an actual prison matron. " For perfect realism it was worthy of Defoe " (Watts- Dunton). It was accepted by The Times, etc., as an authentic record. [2s. 6d., Low: o.p.] Mattie — a Stray. 1864 Mattie is a very humble heroine who has to work hard for her living, first as street hawker, then as grocer's book-keeper : but while she is outwardly far removed from the con- ventional heroines of fiction, her sterling honesty and upright character make her a more admirable type of human nature. The subordinate characters are petty shopkeepers, clerks, and mechanics, the various inhabitants, in short, of a mean quarter in London. [2s., Ward & Lock : o.p.] . Christie's Faith. 1867 A very popular love-tale. The faith is Christie's faith in her lover. [2s., Chapman : o.p.] The Courting of Mary Smith. 1886 The story of a high-minded girl, who inspires a prosaic and illiterate cotton millionaire with a pure, self-abnegating love that seems at first sight incompatible with his character. [3s. 6d , Maxwell : o.p.] Shand, Alexander Innes [1832-1907]. Against Time. 1870 A novel of finance and city gambling, hingeing on the flotation of a big company, its bubble prosperity and collapse. A thoroughly masculine novel, full of special knowledge ingeni- ously utilized for romantic purposes. [3 vols., 31s. 6d., Smith & Elder : o.p.] Shooting the Rapids. 1872 Financial adventure on the large scale. An English gentleman with estates in Germany and England, neither of which yield him anything but the reputation for colossal wealth, gambles on the Stock Exchange and at horse-racing, is ruined and meets his death just when his property becomes valuable. Written in a highly coloured, almost violent style, with admirable descriptions of scenery all over Europe. [3 vols., 31s. 6d., Smith & Elder : o.p.] Smart, Hawley [1833-93]. Breezie Langton. 1869 The first of a series of sporting novels somewhat resembUng Whyte-Melville's. Desultory in plan, consisting of hunting and racing sketches, smaU talk and flirtation, bets and cards, among a fast section of Society ; episodes that are often of a shady kind, but not im- moral ; broadly farcical scenes and sketches of character, and, in this case, chatty descrip- tions of the Crimean War. [2s., Macmillan : o.p.] — False Cards. 1872 Very similar to Breezie Langton ; comic episodes of Bohemian life, love affairs and misad- ventures of an innocent but incautious heroine, and scenes of country-house life : an effervescent mixture of grave and gay. [2s., Ward & Lock : o.p.] Bound to Win. 1877 The horses are drawn with as much individuality as the men, and the interest Ues almost exclusively in race meetings and stable politics, while the plot depends on the hope of retrieving a squire's fortunes by a Derby victory. [2s., Ward & Lock.] Smedley, Francis Edward [1818-64]. Frank Fairleigh. 1850 An old-fashioned kind of novel containing scenes of university life at Cambridge of a rather trite, facetious character, much in the rollicking style of Theodore Hook. NINETEENTH CENTURY, THIRD QUARTER Smedley, Francis Edward (continued). — Lewis Arundel; or, The Railroad of Life. 1852 Aims a little higher. A novel of upper-class society, with a moral. Lewis is a fine fellow, whose besetting sins, pride and passion, he overcomes through suffering and by the help of his friend, the bookworm Frere, a scomer of social conventions. The joker Bracy and the ass De Grandeville supply the comedy ; the tragedy hinges on the villainy of Lord Bellefield, a worldling and a gambler, the hero's evil genius. Harry Coverdale's Courtship, and What Came of It. 1855 A similar effusion to Frank Fairleigh, animated by high spirits and fun and by a wholesome enjoyment of the good things of Mfe. Harry is a sporting squire, comfortably off, a lover of horses and a terror to poachers. He cuts out a wealthy rival, but is too fond of himself to value his wife aright until taught by the troubles and jealousies of wedlock. [Ea. 2s., Routledge; $1, Button, New York.] Smith, William Henry [1808-72]. Thomdale; or, The Conflict of Opinions. 1857 A series of philosophical m.editations and discussions, thrown into a personal form as the autobiography of a man, tracing the growth of his mind under the influence of self-analysis and conversation with his friends. The autobiography is not without affecting passages, and there are impressions of nature at home and abroad ; but the main interest is philo- sophical ; questions of good and evil, immortality, realism and idealism, even such topics as the power of money, are dealt with in a desultory but earnest fashion. [los. 6d., Black- wood : o.p.] Stretton, Julia Cecilia [nee Collinson ; 1812-78]. The Valley of a Hundred Fires. i860 Founded entirely on reminiscences of the home of her childhood at Gateshead, though the scene is ostensibly laid on the Welsh border. The household of a country clergyman with a large family of girls, incidents merry or pathetic of their home Ufe, with affectionate sketches of character, such as the heroine Emily, a portrait of her mother. [5s., 2s. 6d., Hurst & Blackett: o.p.] Tautphoeus, Baroness Jemima von [nee Montgomery ; 1807-93]. The Initials. 1850 A novel depicting everyday life in Bavaria, the personal interest centred in a young Enghsh- man travelling for education and experience, and his love for a beautiful German girl, to marry whom he sacrifices his prospects. The noveUst is at her best in drawing the natural contrast between the two German sisters. [2s., Macmillan ; |i, Lippincott, Philadelphia.] Cyrilla. 1853 A deeply tragic novel, accurately reproducing the details of the criminal trial of Assessor Lahn. [6s., Bentley, 1872 : o.p.] Quits. 1857 Long, with a straggling plot which marries the heroine at the end to the snob who slighted her at the beginning. Family Ufe in London, followed by travel scenes in Bavaria and Tyrol, with a village drama of love and jealousy. The authoress satirizes vulgarity, but her own theory of life is not elevated. [2s., Macmillan ; $1, Lippincott, Philadelphia.] At Odds. 1863 Bavaria in Napoleon's time (i8oo-g), the family history interwoven with the disasters of S. Germany, from Hohenlinden to Hofer's insurrection in Tyrol. Plot : how a young man is obliged to marry a girl whom he has compromised by pure accident, while he loves her sister. Their quarrels, especially their political differences, last a long time and coincide with many signal historical events, from the father's death at Hohenlinden and the arrival of a French detachment at the Countess's castle, right to the conclusion. [2s., Mac- millan ; f I, Lippincott, Philadelphia.] Taylok, Col. Philip Meadows [1808-76]. Confessions of a Thug. 1839 An Indian romance of adventure and local colour by an Indian officer who possessed an intimate and extensive knowledge of native Ufe and character. The incidents are very sensa- tional. 89 ENGLISH FICTION Taylor, Col. Philip Meadows [continued). — Tippoo Sultaun. 1840 A story of the Mysore War (1788-9) in Sir Walter Scott's style ; a very full and elaborate picture of the times. Tara. 1863 Ralph Darnell. 1865 Seeta. 1873 A series of three powerful tales illustrating three epochs in the history of India. " The his- torical events which form the foundation of each of these works are not only of the highest importance and interest, but, occurring strangely at almost exact intervals of a hundred yeaff, are not exceeded in dramatic power by any actions in the history of India. The first tale, Tara, illustrates the remarkable epoch of 1657, when the Mahrattas cast ofi their allegiance, rose to power under Sivajee and defeated the army of Beejapoor. The Mahrattas, aftei" sixteen years of warfare, defeated Aurungzebe in 1707, and his death and the distractions of the Mahommedan empire enabled them to extend their conquests, till by 1757 they became the most powerful State confederacy in India." In that year a new political power arose in the English, and CUve won the battle of Plassey. Tara deals with the 1657 epoch ; the personages are all native, and the manners, costumes, and turbulent conditions of the land are carefully reproduced. Ralph Darnell deals with the events oi 1757 and the terrible Black Hole tragedy ; and in Seeia the literal fulfilment of a prediction that the rule of the English Company should come to an end in a hundred years is a motive in a narrative of the Mutiny (1857). " In each tale the great opposing interests are personified by great men, the characteristics of the rival races are brought out in examples which command admiration, and the romantic interest is secured by female characters of entirely novel types." In the last, e.g., is portrayed a beautiful and noble Hindu woman, by marrying whom an Englishman scandalizes the European ladies, but who proves her worth by dying for him.' The violent aspects of the Mutiny are hardly touched upon. A Noble Queen. 1878 A romance illustrating one of the most important periods in the history of the Dekhan. " The character of the noble Queen, Chand Beebee (contemporary with Elizabeth), is still popular in the country, and her memory is reverenced not only as the preserver of Beeja- poor, but for the heroic resistance she made to the Moghul armies in their first invasion of the Dekhan and siege of Ahmednugger." [Ea. 6s., 3s. 6d., Kegan Paul, 1878-80.] Thackeray, Anne Isabella [Lady Ritchie, b. 1838]. The Story of Elizabeth. 1863 Thackeray's daughter excels in delicate and thoughtful portraiture of character, sober in tint, restrained in feeling. The main situation is that of a man in love with the daughter of the woman who for twenty years has loved him. His is an unheroic, overprudent nature, cursed with indecision. " Ely " is a childlike, wayward girl of varying moods, whose character is sobered and deepened by a near vision of death. One or two worldly- wise people are mouthpieces for caustic comments on hfe and conduct. -— The Village on the Cliff. 1867 Expresses feelingly the sadness of sensitive natures condemned by fate to a cheerless and purposeless existence. A poor little governess loves a man who cares nothing for her, and marries from mistaken motives one who is not her true mate. Her girlish hopes and fears, her awakening to consciousness of her error, and her womanly conquest of passion are related with delicate sympathy. Impressionist sketches of natural surroundings in Normandy give the keynote of feeling. Old Kensington. 1873 A long novel, full of musings on life that arise out of the incidents like the thoughts of an observer of actual events. Robert Henley is a scathing study of the genus prig ; the heroine a gentle poetical nature, whose growth is traced from youth up. Descriptions of scenery, the Thames, London, Cambridge, illustrating its emotional efiect on different kinds of temperament. 90 NINETEENTH CENTURY, THIRD QUARTER Thackeray, Anne Isabella (continued). — Bluebeard's Keys. 1874 Little novels or long stories of which the essence is character — new illustrations of old fables and fairy tales. An English family in Rome and an Italian marquis who loves the younger daughter passionately are the personages of the title story, which is a variation of the Bluebeard theme. Miss Angel. 1875 A novel of manners (period 1 780-1) ; AngeUca KaufEmann and Sir Joshua Reynolds. Mrs. Dymond. 1886 A gentle, sweet-natured woman, whose hfe has little of the eventful, but appeals by its quiet goodness and unselfishness : scene, France during the adverse months of the Franco- German War, which is set before us as it affected the women and children. [Ea. 6s.. Smith & Elder.] Trench, William Stewart [1808-72]. leme : a Tale. 1871 A study of agrarian crime in Ireland (by the respected land agent to Lord Lansdowne and other great owners) , in which the author uses much of the knowledge he had obtained in researches for a history of the nation, which he refrained from publishing owing to the feeling occasioned by the controversy over the Irish Land Bill. He endeavours, by a care- ful consideration of the temperament of the people, to show the causes of the obstinate resistance by the Irish to measures undertaken for their benefit, and the method of cure. [2 vols., Longman : o.p.] Trollope, Anthony [1815-82]. The Warden. 1855 The Warden, Mr. Harding, a gentle and innocent old cleric, living a quiet and contented life, is suddenly assailed by the newspapers for receiving the profits of a rich sinecure, and, half in fear of the odium thus created, half from conscientious scruples, resigns his in- come and accepts penury. The cathedral city with its ecclesiastical dignitaries was suggested by Salisbury. Trollope was an enormously prolific writer who turned out stories of sound workmanship with industrious punctuality. His realism and patient verisimilitude — aiming at no high imaginative creation — produced few characters of the first order : Mr. Harding, Mrs. Proudie and the Archdeacon, Lady Glencora, the Duke of Omnium and Dr. Thome, fall very little short of this, however ; they are con- centrations of humanism and sober truth to life. He was incomparable in presenting clerical society with its peculiar humours and foibles. [3s. 6d. n.. Bell ; is. 6d. (6oc.), Longman; is. n. (Everyman's Lib.), Dent (35c. n., Dutton, New York). Pocket Edns. (York Lib.), 2s. n., Bell; (New Pocket Lib.), is. 6d. n. (50c. n.). Lane. Illustrated by F. C. Tilney, 5s., 8vo, Routledge; $1.50 n., Dutton, New York.] Barchester Towers. 1857 Resumes the history of this episcopal society, the chief incidents being connected with the appointment of a new bishop, the troubles and disappointments this involves, and the intrigues and jealousies of the clergy. The characters comprise the henpecked bishop and his amazonian lady, the immortal Mrs. Proudie ; Archdeacon Grantley, son of the late bishop, who had hoped to succeed ; Mr. Harding ; the eccentric Stanhope famUy ; and the precentor, canons, and other clergy of the cathedral, with their wives. ■[3s. 6d. n.. Bell ; IS. 6d. (6oc.), Longman ; is. n. (Everjmian's Lib.), Dent (35c. n., Dutton, New York). Pocket Edns. (York Lib.), 2s. n.. Bell; (New "Pocket Lib.), is. 6d. n. (50c. n., Lane). Illustrated by F. C. Tilney, 5s., Svo, Routledge; ?i.50 n., Dutton, New York.] The Three Clerks. 1857 Three men in the Civil Service fall in love with three girls, whose differences of character are finely worked out. To the romantic interest is to be added that of deUcately ironical portraiture, two at least of the clerks being sketched from well-known people. [3s. 6d., Macmillan ; 2S. n.. Long; Pocket Edns. (World's Classics), is. n. (40c.), Frowde.] Doctor Thome. 1858 Concerned mainly with the fortunes and misfortunes of Mary Thome, whose troubles com- mence with her birth. Beatrice Gresham and Mary, two attractive girls ; divers pairs of lovers, actual or potential, whose proceedings lead to some comic situations ; genial Dr. Thome, a country practitioner of strong idiosyncrasies ; and the humorous figures of the aristocratic De Courcys, make a numerous and various body of characters. [3s. 6d. n.. Bell; IS. n. (Everyman's Lib.), Dent (35c. n., Dutton, New York). Pocket Edns. (York Lib.), 2s. n.. Bell; (New Pocket lib.), is. 6d. n. (50c. n.. Lane). Illustrated by H. L. Shindler, 5s., Svo, Routledge; $1.50 n., Dutton, New York.] 91 ENGLISH FICTION Trollops, Anthony [continued). — Framley Parsonage. 1861 Another section of Barsetshire Society. The Vicar of Framley, a weak but honest young man, is led astray and into debt by a spendthrift M.P., and finds himself in a false position. The other branch of the story deals with his sister's chequered love affair and marriage with young Lord Lufton. A great crowd of characters are engaged in the social functions, the intrigues and the match-making, the general effect of which is conaic, though graver interest is never far off, and there are situations of deepest pathos. [3s. 6d. n.. Bell ; 2S. 6d., Smith & Elder ; is. n. (Everyman's Lib.), Dent (35c. n., Button, New York); Pocket Edns. (York Lib.), 2S. n.. Bell; (New Pocket Lib.), is. 6d. n. (50c. n.). Lane. Illustrated by Sir J. E. Millais, 5s., 8vo, Routledge ($1.50 n., Dutton. New York).] ' Orley Farm. 1861- A lengthy chronicle of family life (two country houses supply most of the chief personages), events revolving round one figure. Lady Mason, a mixed character of guilt and innocence, weakness and strength, who forges a codicil in favour of her son and keeps the secret for twenty years. A chivalrous old baronet, his high-minded daughter-in-law, and a dry old lawyer are all under the spell of Lady Mason's personality, and the drama of guilt and shame has a pathetic bearing on many hves. The legal case is complex and difficult, and the proceedings subserve the author's purpose of exposing the immorality of wrongful advocacy. A pair of bagmen and other minor characters relieve the graver matters with chapters of natural comedy, [is. 6d., Ward & Lock ; Pocket Edn. (New Pocket Lib.), 2 vols., 3s. n. (?i n.). Lane.] — The Small House at Allington. 1864 Country life, its quiet, its pleasures and troubles, monotony and dullness, with digressions into boarding-house life in London and into high society. Many old friends appear in the usual concourse of characters, among whom stand out Mr. Crosbie, a snobbish and cowardly trifler, whose virtues are of the plausible sort, but whose temptation and re- pentance demand the reader's pity ; Lily Dale, the jilted maiden ; amiable and weak Johnny Eames, and the aristocratic doll. Lady Dumbello ; all closely copied from life. [2 vols., 7s. n.. Bell; 2s. 6d., Smith & Elder; is. n. (Everyman's Lib.), Dent {35c. n., Dutton, New York). Pocket Edns. (York Lib.), 2 vols., 4s. n.. Bell ; (New Pocket Lib.), 2 vols., 3s. n. ($1 n.). Lane. Illustrated by Sir J. E. Millais, 5s., 8vo, Routledge ($1.50, Dutton, New York).] — Can You Forgive Her ? 1864-5 A study of the half-realized motives and minor causes that determine conduct. She breaks ofi an engagement because she is infected with modern ideas on the duties and import- ance of women, and craves excitement. Plantagenet Palliser, who figures repeatedly in the Phineas novels, is a character here, a strong, haughty, and frigid English gentleman, a politician devoted to his country's service and a man of indestructible principle, yet entirely lacking in personal charm — a very representative national type. [2s., Ward & Lock: o.p. Pocket Edn. (New Pocket Lib.), 3s. n. ($1 n.). Lane.] — Phineas Finn, the Irish Member. 1866 — Phineas Redux. 1874 In this pair of novels TroUope proposed to trace " the changes in men and women which would naturally be produced by the lapse of years." These he exemplifies not only in the hero, whose vanity brings him bitter disappointment, while his consistent honesty leads on to ultimate success, but in Lady Laura's tragic repentance for a mercenary marriage and the chequered lives of other characters. TroUope is as successful here in drawing political magnates as he had been with his clerical dignitaries, though, of course, the interest is not politics but personality. The sequel presents a great trial at the Old Bailey, one in which Society is implicated. More characteristic are the domestic chapters, realistic hunting scenes, and the ordinary intercourse of country life. A noble M.F.H. and his very matter-of-fact courtship, his quarrels with his father, etc., furnish important interests. Mr. TurnbuU is a satirical portrait of John Bright. [Phineas Finn ; 2 vols., 7s. n.. Bell; 2S., Ward & Lock: o.p. Phineas Redux : 2 vols., 7s. n.. Bell; 2s., Ward & Lock: o.p. Each of the former editions contains an introduction by Frederic Harrison.] — The Last Chronicle of Barset. 1867 The ecclesiastical society of The Warden, Mr. Harding, Mrs. Proudie, and the rest, make their last appearance. 'The dominant situation is one of intense anguish. A poor country clergyman, proud, learned, sternly conscientious, is accused of a felony, and the pres- sure of family want makes his guilt seem only too probable. His own agony, his vrife's 92 NINETEENTH CENTURY, THIRD QUARTER terror, and the distress of his daughter, affianced to the son of a neighbouring land- owner, are the elements of a profound tragedy. [2 vols., 7s. n., BeU. is. n. (Every- man's Lib.), Dent (35c. n., Dutton, New York). Pocket Edn. (York Lib.), 2 vols., 4s. n., Bell. Illustrated by G. H. Thomas, 5s., 8vo, Routledge ($1.50 n., Dutton, New York).] Trollope, Anthony (continued). — ^The Claverings. 1867 Harry Clavering has to choose between the girl to whom he is engaged and his old love, who had jilted him, but now turns to him again, rich and a widow. In the minor characters, a county family and their friends, the parson and his family, etc., is exhibited the typical life of the landed gentry, their dinners, hunting, flirtations, and match-making, their egotistic social intercourse, family squabbles, and thoroughly matter-of-fact and unin- tellectual existence. [2s. 6d., Smith & Elder.] He Knew He was Right. 1869 A tragedy composed of the homeliest materials. The gradual estrangement of husband and wife, beginning with an insignificant difference and ending in strife and agony : the husband a portentous image of stupid and obstinate suspicion and proneness to take offence. [2s., Ward & Lock: o.p.] The Vicar of Bullhampton. 1870 Photographic portraiture of thoroughly English characters : a genial and manly country vicar, who champions the cause of a fallen girl and of a country fellow wrongly suspected of murder, and suffers obloquy therefor ; an unfortunate squire in love with the heroine, who loves somebody else ; a crusty old farmer, and so on. Episodes of homely life, with its everyday interests, humours, and sorrows, form a complexity like the com- plexity of actual life. [2s., Ward & Lock: o.p.] The Eustace Diamonds. 1872 Trollope calls his Lady Eustace " an opulent and aristocratic Becky Sharp." Her unscrupu- lous lying darkens the mystery of the diamonds and brings about many unexpected and amusing turns in the story. There are several characters of a more agreeable type, and in the background people already familiar in Phineas Finn, etc. [2s., Ward & Lock : o.p.] The Way We Live Now. 1875 Portrays many phases of English life, high society, country life, the genteel and the humble, journaUsts, commercial men and the world in general, with a keen eye for weak and flagitious motive. An exposure of the marriage market and the brutal indelicacy of the haggling between such people as the ruined family of patricians and the rascally million- aire, who is prepared to subsidize them with his daughter and his thousands. Even the honest young man is not altogether attractive. [3s. 6d., 2S., Chatto.] Trollope, Frances Eleanor {wife of the following]. Black Spirits and White. 1877 Racy character-drawing and spiritualism are the main ingredients, with love passages and low comedy. A cosmopolitan set of people — a girl of lovely nature and a baronet the two chief figures ; a vulgar parvenu ; some social parasites ; the great spiritualist. Dr. Flegge ; a Levantine merchant and his unhappy daughter. [Beutley : o.p.] Trollope, Thomas Adolphus [1810-92 ; brother of Anthony Trollope]. La Beata : a Tuscan Romeo and Juliet. 1861 The sufferings of a poor flower-girl of Florence, who is forsaken by an artist. An idealized figure, the exponent of the author's advanced views on marriage, maintaining her inborn purity in spite of surrounding corruptions. Fierce Protestant bias, in the way the evil actions of this or that man are ascribed to priestly influence. [2s., Ward & Lock: o.p.] Marietta. 1862 The scene is Florence, and the book is crammed with details about the city and its surround- ings and the everyday life of middle-class people there. The central personage. Marietta, is impressive with her indomitable resolution and family pride. [2s., Ward & Lock, o.p.; ?i.50, Petersen, Philadelphia.] Beppo the Conscript. 1864 A faitlxful study of the agricultural, domestic, and religious life of the peasants of Romagna, 93 ENGLISH FICTION and their political and economic conditions, centring in the daily history of a prosperous family; shows up the secret power of the priests. [2S., Ward & Lock, o.p. ; $1.50, Peter- sen, Philadelphia.] Trollope, Thomas Adolphus (continued). — Dream Numbers. 1868 Sympathetic drawing of the Italians as they are in the old-fashioned villages and country towns that lie away from well-known tracks. Quiet and happy domestic Ufe, simple pleasures, harmless gossip, humble and ignorant country folk, are the chosen subject ; and an episode of priestcraft, a tale of true love, and a destructive flood lend dramatic interest to the picture. [3 vols., 31s. 6d., Chapman, o.p. ; $1.50, Petersen, Philadelphia.] The Siren. 1870 A murder novel ; scene, Ravenna and neighbourhood, with characteristic sketches of people and manners. A beautiful opera-singer, engaged to a marchese and courted by his "heir, is strangely and very ingeniously killed : who is the criminal ? [3 vols., 31s. 6d., Smith & Elder : o.p.] Diamond Cut Diamond. 1875 Also The Golden Book of Torcello, Vittoria Accoromboni, The Duchess Veronica, and other stories of Tuscan life, by an Englishman who lived among the people for many years. [2s., Chatto.] Wiseman, Cardinal Nicholas Patrick Stephen [1802-65]. Fabiola ; or, The Church in the Catacombs. 1855 A story of the persecution by Diocletian (303). The Archbishop of Milan said of it that " it was the first good book that had had the success of a bad one " (Diet. Nat. Biog.). [3s. 6d., 2S. ; Illustrated edn., 21s., Burns & Gates ; $1.25, Benziger, New York.] Wood, Mrs. Henry [Ellen, nee Price ; 1814-87]. Danesbury House. i860 Written in the interests of the Total Abstinence Movement. A very good story, the pur- pose adroitly achieved by " indirection." East Lynne. 1861 The main situation is one of harrowing pathos, a divorced wife re-entering her husband's house disguised as a governess, nursing her own child and dying there, tardily forgiven. This is the climax of the plot, the basis of which is a murder, with the ultimate clearing- up of the mystery and the full proceedings of trial, cross-examination, etc. This is the best-known — perhaps the best — and the following are the next best of a large number of novels chiefly of the domestic kind, with melodramatic plots and miscellaneous excite- ment, but no pretensions to literary quality, except the valuable one of power to interest. The Channings. 1862 Roland Yorke [sequel]. 1869 A pair of novels concerned with the fortunes and misfortunes of two genteel families, the dutiful and pious characters of the one being set in contrast with the Hibernian irre- sponsibility of the other family. The plot in the first hinges on the theft of a /20 note, suspicion falling on the good Channings and causing endless troubles. All is cleared up at last. The characters are largely young people, and the pranks of the cathedral choir- boys furnish some amusement. These, and other features of life in a cathedral town, were th^e fruit of long residence at Worcester. In the sequel we have the ups and downs of a shiftless, good-natured fellow alongside of a murder plot of melodramatic type. Mrs. Halliburton's Troubles'. 1862 More domestic history : a mother's quiet endurance of adversity, a little girl's death, a family of virtuous children and a naughty boy as foil, with the tiny events of average Ufe and episodes invented for the purpose of moralizing ; the good young men, for instance, are rewarded with signal success in their various callings, despite initial poverty, the wicked fall into disgrace and want. The Shadow of Ashlydyat. 1863 Typical of a numerous class of Mrs. Wood's novels, in which the interest lies in the working out of a plot containing romantic and supernatural elements and a good deal of family history.- 94 NINETEENTH CENTURY, THIRD QUARTER Wood, Mrs. Henry [continued). St. Martin's Eve. 1866 A lady who inherits insanity marries a man with hereditary tendency to wasting disease. A day of ill-omen is among the sensational effects. The lady in one scene leaves her step- son to be burned to death. A characteristic blend of sensation and domesticity. A Life's Secret. 1867 Concerned extensively with business matters, employers and employees, the critical incident being a strike which entails a lock-out and extreme misery for the poor workpeople and their families. Johnny Ludlow [6 series]. 1874-g A number of tolerably good short stories, supposed to be told by a sagacious and observant schoolboy, each as a rule having a distinct plot, sensational or pathetic. They abound in domestic details of lower middle-class life and in portraiture of commonplace character, and usually have a moral aim. Edina. 1876 Pomeroy Abbey. 1878 Court Netherleigh. 1881 And a great many others showing the same characteristics, abundant details of ordinary domestic life, a sensational plot, a constant appeal to popular sentiment. [Each 2s. 6d., 2s., IS. n., Macmillan.] Yates, Edmund [1831-94]. Broken to Harness : a Story of English Domestic Life. 1864 This and the next are the sole survivors of many novels, stories, and novelettes by the founder of The World. It is an ingenious plot-novel in the manner of Wilkie Collins, with character- drawing (e.g. the money-lender Scadgers) and sentimentality derived from Dickens. Kate MeUon's horse-training estabUshment is evidently sketched from Yates's place at Willesden. [2s., Routledge: o.p.] Black Sheep. 1867 A fair example of the sensational fiction concerned not so much with objective horrors as with the motives and the mental combinations of persons intent on crime. A clever and fascinating, conscienceless woman schemes to fasten the guilt of a murder on an innocent friend. There is no secret, no mystery ; the reader's interest is absorbed in working out an intellectual problem clearly indicated from the beginning. [Edited by E. A. Baker (Half-forgotten Books), 2s., Routledge (?i. Button, New York), 1903]. YoNGE, Charlotte Mary [1823-1901]. The Heir of Redclyffe. 1853 An exceedingly sentimental and idealized picture of virtuous character and virtuous domestic life, manifestly inspired by Tractarian views, and intended for the moral improvement of young people. Has been neatly described as a " sweet youthful tragedy of piety and devotion." The Little Duke. [juvenile] 1854 A children's story of Normandy and Richard the Fearless (943-88). The Daisy Chain. 1856 A good specimen of her sentimental, didactic, and religious domestic novel written for young ladies. [3s. 6d. ($1.25), Macmillan.] — The Dove in the Eagle's Nest. 1866 The heroine, a maiden of Ulm, is carried off by a robber baron to his Suabian hold, and, as nurse to his sick daughter, brings an influence for peace and goodness into the house and rears her twin sons to a life of piety and noble deeds. Time of Frederick III and Maximilian I (1472-1531). — The Danvers Papers. [juvenile] 1867 Records of an Irish family (1682-1712) [with Lady Hester] 95 ENGLISH FICTION YoNGE, Charlotte Mary {continued). — The Chaplet of Pearls ; or, The White and Black Ribaumont. [juvenile] 1868 The Caged Lion. [juvenile] 1870 Prince James (I) of Scotland in England (temp. Henry V, c. 1407-22). — Love and Life : a Story in i8th Century Costume. [juvenile] 1880 (c. 1700-50.) — Unknown to History. [juvenile] 1882 A touching story that gives an account of Mary Queen of Scotland's captivity in England, the Babingtou plot, her trial and execution (1568—97). — Stray Pearls ; or. The Memoirs of Margaret de Ribaumont. [juvenile] 1883 War of the Fronde (1648-53). Sequel to The Chaplet of Pearls. — The Prince and the Page. [juvenile] 1884 The reign of Henry III and the Eighth Crusade (1270-2). — The Armourer's Prentices. [juvenile] 1884 The adventures of two orphan brothers, who make their way from the New Forest to London in search of their fortunes. One, who has scholarly instincts, gets attached to Wolsey's household and becomes acquainted with Colet, whilst the other becomes a master-armourer. — A Reputed Changeling. [juvenile] 1889 Family history; scene, Portchester; period, Charles II to William III. — Beechcroft at Rockstone. [juvenile] 1889 The world of district visitors, budding clergymen, school-children, and the workers of the Girls' Friendly Society, sketched in a quiet romance, ethical in tone. - — Two Penniless Princesses. [juvenile] 1891 The sisters of James II of Scotland. Time of Henry VI. Grisly Grisell, the Laidly Lady of Whitburn. [juvenile] 1894 Wars of the Roses, Warwick the King-Maker, etc. (1467). The Pilgrimage of the Ben Beriah. [juvenile] 1897 The exodus of Israel from Egypt, the wanderings in the desert, and the death of Moses. Modem Broods ; or, Developments Unlooked For. 1900 Interesting as the views and criticisms of a mid-century novelist on the young person of to-day. Crowded with characters, including several familiar types of girlhood, very similar to those that peopled her earlier novels. A maiden aunt in charge of four girls is a prominent figure, troubled with the anxieties and perplexities of their religious and social interests and later of their love affairs. YoNGE, Charlotte Mary, and Christabel R. Coleridge [h. 1843]. Strolling Players : a Harmony of Contrasts. 1893 The adventures and misadventures of a company of genteel amateurs, who, in consequence of pecuniary difficulties, go on tour in earnest. The characters, chief among them a girl who believes she is a born actress, and a clever young professional, are sketched with a certain quiet humour. [Ea. 3s. 6d. (?i.25), Macmillan : and several also at is. n.] .96 NINETEENTH CENTURY, LAST QUARTER NINETEENTH CENTURY, LAST QUARTER— i8y6-igoo Aide, Charles Hamilton [1826-1906]. The Marstons. 1868 Play of character and evolution of plot are about equally the foundation. The Marstons are the family of a wealthy merchant who loses all lus money. The ups and downs of their hf e in London lodgings, the daughter's loves and disillusionments, their fortunate or unfor- tunate entanglements with other people, are eventually brought to a comfortable con- clusion. [3 vols., 3IS. 6d., Chapman : o.p.] In that State of Life. 1871 History of a rebel against the conventions. A young girl, wilful, but pure and honest, having refused her guardian's candidate for her hand, disguises herself and goes into domestic service. She meets with many adventures, serious and comic. But the novelette is principally concerned with character, and comprises a little gallery of portraits. The housekeeper and the mistress under whom she finds herself are strongly individual, and the ungainly curate is a pathetic figure. [2s. 6d., Smith & Elder : o.p.] A Nine Days' Wonder. 1874 A pathetic situation — a widower would fain marry his old love, but her son loves his daughter, and, such are past complications, one pair must needs resign their happiness. Sketches of characters and gossips in a village. [7s. 6d., Smith eft Elder : o.p. (50c., Estes, Boston.] Elizabeth's Pretenders. 1895 Elizabeth's first suitor is a scoundrel in love with her money, and her narrow escape makes her regard all lovers as fortune-hunters. She goes to Paris as a needy art student, and there a man who believes her poor wins her heart ; but the discovery of her wealth is an impediment, till she turns wooer. Life in a Paris boarding-house, etc. [6s., Chapman, o.p. ; 50C., Putnam, New York.] Jane Treachel. iSgy A sensational plot-novel, with an adventuress for heroine. [6s., Hurst & Blackett : o.p.] "Alexander, Mrs." [Annie Alexander Hector, «ee French; 1825-1906]. Look Before You Leap. 1865 An officer elopes with a supposed heiress and, finding her wealth non-existent, treats her harshly, and she hides herself from him for a year. After some romantic incidents the pair are satisfactorily united. [2s., is. n., Macmillan.] The Wooing o't. 1873 A love novel, built on old-fashioned lines, strong in portraiture of two or three characters : the vulgar Mrs. Berry, the debonair heroine, Maggie her niece, and some members of a smart coterie in Paris. Love leaping over the barriers of rank and wealth is the motive, Maggie loving and being loved by a brilliant man of the world, the last person whom she ought to have married, according to the convenances and the situation of affairs at the start. [28., Macmillan ; 75c., Fenno, New York.] — Her Dearest Foe. 1876 The heroine receives a fortune from her deceased husband, but a new will is found bequeath- ing all to an offensive kinsman. She maintains herself gallantly by going into business, all the while gathering proofs of the new will's invalidity. Curious events bring her, under the false name she has assumed, into contact with the successful kinsman ; they fall in love and their marriage ends the imbrogho. [2s., is. n., Macmillan; $1 n., Holt, New York.] — The Heritage of Langdale. , 1877 A novel of 1715. London and the southern counties, Jacobite plots, etc. [3s. 6d., Hutchinson,] — Maid, Wife, or Widow ? 1881 Also semi-historical ; concerned with the Austro-Prussian War of 1866. [3s. 6d., Chatto ; 35c., Hurst, New York.] H 97 ENGLISH FICTION ' Alexander, Mrs." {continued). — ^The Freres. 1882 The struggles of a genteel family in a cheap London lodging-house bring out a variety of good or bad, or merely shallow and selfish, characters in the different members of the family and their English and Irish kin. Among them all the gracious, unselfish nature of the heroine shines conspicuously. Their removal to Germany imports other characters, among these, the old Austrian, Count Costello, and the various dignitaries of a small country town. [2s., Macmillan.] The Admiral's Ward. 1883 Concerned with the gain and the unforeseen loss of an inheritance. A quiet tale of every- day life, heightened into something finer by the treatment of character and affection in the patient heroine, the engaging oddities Mrs. Crewe and the Admiral, etc. [2s., Macmillan.] — - Mona's Choice. 1887 Mona loves an attractive but selfish man, but is loved by and rejects his friend. Years and changes in her worldly position test the characters of the two ; and in the sequel she rejects the man she had loved and gives herself to the loyal friend. [2s. 6d., White : o.p.] ,^ A Choice of Evils. \ 1894 Problem : the marriage of a pair, between whom there is little love, being upset by the reap- pearance of a wife believed to be dead ; what shall be done ? The solution offered is that, after the parties are liberated by divorce, the second wife, disenchanted, declines to remarry the man. [2s., Routledge : o.p.] " Allen, Grant " [Charles Grant Blairfindie Allen ; 1848-99]. Philistia. 1884 A farcical picture of Socialism. The important characters are all Socialists either actively or passively, and the hero endures afSicting trials for his convictions before he obtains a competence as editor of a Socialist journal. [3s. 6d., 2s., Chatto.] The Devil's Die. 1888 The gruesome doings of a young doctor, whose scientific zeal leads him to experiment on a patient with fatal results : a farrago of extraordinary events, plots and counterplots, and narrow escapes. [3s. 6d., 2s., Chatto ; 25c., Hurst, New York.] — The Tents of Shem. 1889 Meriem, daughter of an exiled Englishman and a Kabyle woman, is brought up in Grande Kabylie. Her European blood rises superior to her African instincts at the advent of love. A plot-novel, with the usual excitements freshened up by the bizarre motive and the African milieu. [3s. 6d., 2s., Chatto ; 20c., Munro, New York ; 25c., Rand McNally, Chicago.] — Ivan Greet's Masterpiece ; etc. 1893 Ivan Greet seeks among the negroes of Jamaica the leisure and tranquillity denied him by a London Ufe, composes his masterpiece and dies. A faithful mulatto girl devotes her life to his baby and to the task of getting the manuscript printed, but this is accidentally burned, and in a scene of acute pathos she and the little one die exposed to a tropical tempest. A good index to the quality of the fifteen tales and sketches that foUow. [3s. 6d., 2s., Chatto.] — The Woman Who Did. 1895 She refuses to marry her lover, and enters into a free union with him, but dies a martj^r to the author's gospel of free love. A bold and aggressive manifesto, quite inoffensive as a story. [3s. 6d., De La More Press ; $1, Little & Brown, Boston.] The British Barbarians : a Hill-Top Novel. 1895 A tourist from the twenty-fifth century visits England to study our customs and observances from the abstract point of view of the anthropologist ; a novel kind of satire. Mr. H. D. Traill wrote a parody : The Barbarous Britishers : a Tip-Top Novel. [3s. 6d. n., Lane ; $1, Putnam, New York.] 98 NINETEENTH CENTURY, LAST QUARTER " Allen, Grant " {continued). — A Splendid Sin. 1896 A womaHj averts a tragic ending to her son's love affair by avowing that he is not the off- spring of her reprobate husband, but of a great poet who had loved her too well. A satire on conventional moraUty. [3s. 6d., White, o.p. ; $1, Buckles, New York.] Miss Cayley's Adventures. 1899 A comic narrative, with the characteristic dash of paradox and light satire ; the heroine an audacious Girton girl, who starts with a capital of twopence and achieves a striking career. [6s.. Grant Richards, o.p.; $1.50, Putnam, New York.] Twelve Tales, with a Headpiece, a Tailpiece, and an Intermezzo ; being Select Stories. 1899 A Confidential Communication is the sardonic history of a murder by mistake : The Rev. John Creedy, a tragic study of the racial question in a negro missionary who reverts ; The Child of the Phalanstery, public infanticide in advanced society centuries hence ; The Curate of Churnside, how an aesthetic, soft-hearted young curate puts his uncle out of the way to secure an income for his betrothed and himself — a grim jeu d' esprit; and in John Cann's Treasure a man sacrifices honesty, position, and in the sequel his reason, for a treasure that turns out worthless. Fair specimens, not only of the tales in this volume, but of Grant Allen's fiction generally, which is nothing if not novel and start- ling. [6s., Grant Richards : o.p.] Ballantyne, Robert Michael [1825-94]. Snowflakes and Sunbeams ; or, The Young Fur Traders. [juvenile] 1856 In later editions entitled The Young Fur Traders. Embodies, in the form of a story for boys, the author's experiences in Canada, of which he had published a rough diary in Hudson's Bay; or, The Wilds of N. America (1848). [2s. 6d., Nisbet; $1, Nelson, New- York.] — Ungava : a Tale of Esquimau Land. [juvenile] 1857 A similaryarn about North Labrador (1831). [2s. 6d., Nisbet; $1, 50c., Nelson, New York.] — Coral Island. [juvenile] 1857 — The Gorilla Hunters \_sequeT\. [juvenile] 1861 Here Ballantyne writes adventure stories about scenes that he was not personally acquainted with. [2s. 6d., Nisbet ; 2s., Routledge ; 50c., Nelson, New York.] — The Life Boat. [juvenile] 1864 — The Lighthouse. [juvenile] 1865, — Fighting the Flames. [juvenile] 1867- — Deep Down. [juvenile] 186S Stories of heroic work and adventure, on the Goodwin Sands, in northern Ughthouses, with the fire brigade, and the Cornish miners, all carefully prepared for by information acquired on the spot, [(i) 5s., 2s. 6d., Nisbet; $1, Nelson, New York {2) 5s., Nisbet ; |i. Nelson New York. (3) 2s. 6d., Nisbet (4) 2S 6d., Nisbet.l — Erhng the Bold. [juvenile] 1869 " A tale of the Norse Sea Kings," [2s. 6d., Nisbet ; ?i n., Burt New York.] — The Norsemen in the West. [juvenile] 1872 The Pre-Columbian discovery 01 America. [23. 6d.. Nisbet i — In the Track of the Troops. [juvenile] 1878 The Russo-Turkish War (1877-8). [2s. 6d. Nisbet.] — The Red Man's Revenge. [juvenile] 1880 The Red River Expedition (1869-71). [is 6d., Nisbet ] 99 ENGLISH FICTION Banks [(Mrs. G. Linnaeus), nee Isabella Varley ; 1821-99]. God's Providence House. 1865 A tale of 1 791 and the emancipation of the slaves. Mrs. Banks lays the scenes of her novels chiefly in the neighbourhood of Chester and Manchester, the history of which she has studied with industrious research. There is a strong reUgious and moral bias in her domestic stories. [6s., 3s. 6d., Paul.] The Manchester Man. 1876 Based upon history" recorded and unrecorded " (1799-1831), and deals with " absolute people, events, and places" — ^the materials culled from various periods. The dress, the manners and speech, the details of business and manufacturing life, are studied and set down with the care of an archaaologist. Contains an elaborate picture of bygone Manchester, and the Peterloo Riots of 1819, with striking anecdotes and characters (e.g. the Rev. Joshua Brooks). [2s. 6d., Abel Heywood, Manes., 1895. Illustrated by Green & Fitton, 15s. n., id., 1896.] Forbidden to Wed. 1883 The characters are chiefly Manchester tradespeople (c. 1778-1804), and doubtless real personages. The economic and social conditions of the town, the streets and buildings as they existed, and the domestic Ufe are carefully portrayed. The love story of a trades- man's daughter and an officer's son forms the plot ; circumstances and prejudices forbid them to wed. Chester and Buxton are the scenes partly. [2s. 6d., Abel Heywood, Manes.] ■ Bond Slaves : the Story of a Struggle. i8g3 A story of the Luddite agitation in the northern and midland counties, chiefly Yorkshire (1811-13), worked out with her usual elaborate care for written and oral evidence. [3s. 6d., Griffith & Farran.] Besant, Sir Walter [1838-1901]. The Revolt of Man. 1882 A satirical extravaganza, picturing a future when women are in supreme command in State, army and navy, and private life. But man rebels, overthrows the feminine rigime and the rehgion of the ideal woman, and — women are glad of it. [3s. 6d., 2S., Chatto.] All Sorts and Conditions of Men. 1882 An Utopian fancy, the Palace of Dehght in Whitechapel has since, in some measure, been realized. But Besant lays most stress on human nature, and tells his readers to distrust politics and learn to help themselves. [3s. 6d., 2s. 6d., 2s., Chatto; ?i.25, 50c., Harper, New York.] All in a Garden Fair. 1883 An entertaining mixture of satire and romance ; scene, a suburban village, the abode of a circle of once great City men who have failed for an aggregate of milUons. Leading characters — a literary man whose dreamy youth, struggles after his ideal, and well- merited success are traced, and an upright, energetic man of afiairs who wins the heroine. [3s. 6d., 2s., Chatto; $1.25, 50c., Harper, New York.] Dorothy Forster. 1884 The domestic history of the Forsters of Bamborough Castle during the unquiet years of Jacobite intrigue which culminated in the fatal rising of 1715, of which the autobio- grapher's brother was the General. Dorothy tells her own story in a garrulous fashion, giving intimate views of life among the gentry of Northumberland, portraying the char- acters of the chivalrous Earl of Derwentwater, whom she loved and refused on the score of religion, of her self-indulgent brother, and several fictitious characters, such as the humorous and pathetic Mr. Hilyard. The tragic narrative of the rebellion leads the reader at length to London, into Georgian Society, and into Newgate and the Tower. [3s. 6d., 2S., Chatto.] The Children of Gibeon. 1886 Poverty, social reform, and the influence of caste exhibited in a Hoxton romance. A baronet's and a washerwoman's daughters are brought up together in ignorance of their different origin, as an experiment to show the effects of hereditary character and breeding. [3s. 6d., 2S., Chatto; $1.25, 50c., Harper, New York.] 100 NINETEENTH CENTURY, LAST QUARTER Besant, Sir Walter {continued). — The World went very well then. 1887 Adventurej love, and war in the years 1740-60; the scene chiefly at Deptford, on the Thames, and on board ship. [3s. 6d., 2S., Chatto ; $1.25, Harper, New York.] — ■ — For Faith and Freedom. 1888 A story of the Puritans in James II's reign, Monmouth's rebellion, the expulsion of the re- cusants, and the life of the exiles in the Barbados plantations (1662-88). [3s. 6d., 2s., Chatto; $1.25, 50c., Harper, New York.] Armorel of Lyonesse : a Romance of To-Day. 1890 Laid partly amidst the exquisite scenery of the Scilly Isles, and telling how a faithful and courageous girl helps her lover to escape from the clutches of a villain who exploits needy writers and painters. [3s. 6d., 2s., Chatto; $1.25, 50c., Harper, New York.] — — • St. Katherine's by the Tower. 1891 EngUsh Jacobin Clubs in 1793. [3s. 6d., 2S., Chatto ; $1.25, 50c., Harper, New^York.] The Ivory Gate. 1892 Studies a case of dual personality, resulting from brain disease. A staid and successful solicitor, with sober views on social questions, becomes an extreme Socialist with wildly Utopian aims. [3s. 6d., 2s., Chatto; $1.25, Harper, New York.] The Rebel Queen. 1893 Deals with women's rights and Hebrew society from the outside. The Queen is a rich and lovely Jewess, a rebel against her husband and a champion of her sex. [3s. 6d., 2s., Chatto ; $1.50, Harper, New York.] In Deacon's Orders ; and other Stories. 1895 Title-story is a study in religiosity, i.e. a sensuous delight in emotionalism and ceremonial. Ten other tales. [3s. 6d., 2s., Chatto ; $1.25, Harper, New York.] Beyond the Dreams of Avarice. 1895 Exposes the evils of colossal wealth. An immense fortune has grown up around a nucleus created by fraud ; and, the last owner dying intestate, a flock of claimants appear. The interest centres in the real heir, kept in ignorance of his wealth by his father, who believes the ill-gotten riches to be accursed. [3s. 6d., 2S., Chatto; ?i.5o, Harper, New York.] A Fountain Sealed. 1897 A pretty, but not a very plausible romance, based on the exploded story of Prince George's (afterwards George III) love affair with the Quakeress, Hannah Lightfoot (1760). [3s. 6d., Chatto ; $1.50, Stokes, New York.] The Orange Girl. 1899 A picture of the streets, taverns, mansions, and theatres of London, and of Newgate and its strange inhabitants, 150 years ago, painted by an antiquary. The heroine, Nell Gwyn's double, poor girl, great actress, fine lady, and convict, magnanimously saves the hero, on trial on a false charge, and suffers for him. [3s. 6d., Chatto; ?i.50, Dodd & Mead, New York.] The Alabaster Box. 1900 Describes the work of a " Settlement." The hero inherits a great fortune from his father, a money-lender ; but when he finds how many have been ruined to amass his wealth he devotes Ufe and fortune to atonement. [3s. 6d., Chatto; $1.50, Dodd & Mead, New York.] — The Fourth Generation.- 1900 A tragi-comedy with two principal characters, a rich old squire, whose life has been over- shadowed by a mysterious crime, and a young lover, his great-grandson, rejected by the heroine because she thinks him nothing but a spoiled child of fortune. The hero's bold conduct in facing adversity and laying the ghost of the ancestral crime are suitably rewarded. [3s. 6d., Chatto ; $1.50, Stokes, New York.] ENGLISH FICTION Besant, Sir Walter {continued). — The Lady of Lynn. 1901 A bustling story of eighteenth-century Lynn, though the pictures of fashionable life are but superficial. A beautiful heroine her bluff sailor lover, and a wicked peer who conspires to get hold of her money are the boldly contrasted protagonists. [3s. 6d., Chatto ; $1.50, Dodd & Mead, New York.] No Other Way. 1902 Eighteenth-century London, Newgate, debtors' prisons, taverns, cockpits, citizens, serving- folk, and ruffians described as if by an eye-witness. A fashionable lady, hopelessly in debt, takes advantage of the law that transfers a woman's liabilities to her husband by marrying a negro sentenced to death. [3s. 6d., Chatto ; f 1.50, Dodd & Mead, New York.] Besant, Sir Walter, and James Rice [1844-82]. Ready-Money Mortiboy. 1872 Old Mortiboy is a miser and the offspring of misers, who builds up a huge fortune by grinding the poor and ruining the well-to-do. His son, an unscrupulous but well-meaning young man, is at once nemesis to the old Shy lock and dispenser of poetic justice to the various characters. Life in the country town where Mortiboy's bank is established, and many phases of shady Hfe in London and elsewhere are exploited. [3s. 6d., 2s., Chatto.] — — • This Son of Vulcan. 1876 Early troubles and final prosperity of a poor lad who is the foster-child of a drunken pedlar, and suffers calamities of many sorts before he comes to his own little inheritance. The life of ironworkers gives the local colour, with a medley of characters, disreputable and the reverse, and plenty of sensation. [3s. 6d., 2s., Chatto.] ^ The Golden Butterfly. 1876 How an American oil-king dispenses his millions on an abortive humanitarian enterprise. This magnanimous, egotistical fellow, invincibly amiable in spite of discomfiture, is of course the centre of interest. The minor characters are the butt of keen satire, deriding dilettantism and the hke ; but incidents and characters border on extravaganza. [3s. 6d , 2s., Chatto ; 50c., Fenno, New York.] — The Monks of Thelema. 1878 A fanciful tale suggested by Rabelais' (see Rabelais) famous episode of a community of clever people living together in monastic seclusion. Satirical of the modem Uterary coterie, with its exclusive claims to the higher culture. [3s. 6d., 2s., Chatto.] — By Celia's Arbour. 1878 Love at Portsmouth and war in the Crimea in 1854-5. [3s. 6d., 2s., Chatto.] — 'Twas in Trafalgar's Bay ; and other Stories. 1879 A pretty little love tale of Dorset in 1805 ; the hero a fine old smuggler, and the lovers a country maid and the son of a City knight. Then, a story of a curious robbery, with sketches of Canadian life to-day ; a city tale ; and Le Chien d'Or, a tale of French Quebec in 1697. [3s. 6d., 2s., Chatto.] — The Chaplain of the Fleet 1881 A story of the famous gaol and of Epsom in George Ill's reign, well furnished with antiquarian lore about the streets, houses, theatres, and social life. [3S. 6d., 2s., Chatto.] Black, Wilham [1841-98]. A Daughter of Heth. 1871 His first and best novel, though A Princess of Thule is the most popular. Black was a romancer who got his picturesque and his atmosphere, not from the past, but from strange and beautiful scenery. He excels in verbal landscape-painting. This novel takes us to a Scottish village and on a trip along the Highland coast. The inhabitants are sketched in a lively fashion, bringing out their peculiarities of feeling, prejudice, and speech. The main characters are a mischievous and dare-devil but manly boy, son of a Presbyteriaji minister ; and his cousin, a half-French girl, whose sunny and refined disposition clashes with the rigid Puritanism of the northern village. Her love and marriage give her op- portunity to prove her capacity for self-sacrifice. [6s., 2S. 6d., 2s., Low ; 80c., Harper, New York.] NINETEENTH CENTURY, LAST QUARTER Black, William (continued). — ^The Strange Adventures of a Phaeton. 1872 History of a coaching tour from London to Edinburgh through the loveliest scenery of Eng- land. The travellers are four, a married pair who talk and bicker amicably, and an unmarried pair who make love. Parodied by Bret Harte in his Condensed Novels. [6s., 2s. 6d., 2s., Low ; 80c., Harper, New York.] A Princess of Thule. 1874 A weak, pleasure-loving artist woos and wins a beautiful Highland girl, and brings her into the hothouse atmosphere of Loudon, where she pines for the air and freedom of her Hebridean home. Ultimately her true and unaffected nature works on his character and makes a man of him. The wonderful colours and changes of sea and sky and mountain in the Hebrides inspire many a descriptive page, and the rich park-lands of southern England, so different in their beauty, are feelingly depicted. [6s., 2s. 6d., 2s., Low; 80c., Harper, New York.] The Maid of Killeena ; and other Stories. 1874 The maid is a peasant sister to the " Princess," and heroine of a pretty idyll of the Hebrides, in which the simple, homely life of the dwellers in the isles and the romance of their habitat are lovingly depicted. [6s., 2s. 6d., 2s., Low ; 8oc., Harper, New York.] — — • Madcap Violet. 1877 A wilful, impulsive girl, affectionate and lovable in spite of many faults, drawn at full length. Her growth is traced from childhood and school days to the period of dawning woman- hood and love; the sad ending is the inevitable outcome of her character. [6s., 3s. 6d., 2S., Low ; 80c., Harper, New York.] — — ■ Macleod of Dare. 1879 A tragic story, bringing shallow and garish fashionable life into contact with the noble sim- plicity of Highland society. The catastrophe results from the marriage of a brave and chivalrous young chief with a London lady. [6s., 2s. 6d., 2s., Low; 8oc., Harper, New York.] White Wings : a Yachting Romance. 1880 A happy love tale, told with an accompaniment of beautiful views of sea and land, seen in a cruise along the coast of Scotland. [6s., 2S. 6d., 2s., Low ; 80c., Harper, New York.] — Shandon Bells. 1883 A story of County Cork, containing one of Black's fascinating heroines, whose love-letters are very fanciful and sentimental, and a clever and sentimental hero, whose entry into literary Ufe in London is graphically described. [6s., 2s. 6d., 2s., Low ; 80c., Harper New York.] White Heather. 1885 The love-story of a Highland gamekeeper and poet, many of whose verses are quoted ; and character-studies of Scottish people and others, e.g. a wealthy American, and his daughter from Chicago. [6s., 2s. 6d., 2S., Low; 80c., Harper, New York.] — In Far Lochaber. 1888 Elaborates the contrast between the rough and genuine Highland gentry, with their humane and liberal religious feelings, and the straitness of intolerance of the " unco guid " in the Lowland manufacturing town. Rich in description of the wild mountainous region round Ben Nevis. [6s., 2S. 6d., 2s., Low ; 80c., Harper, New York.] — Wolfenberg. 1893 A story of misguided passion, plus travel-sketches of the Italian seas and the Levant. The characters, a beautiful Scoto-American, her compatriots, Wolfenberg the painter and the passionate, ill-fated Am^Ue, and the others, meet on a cruise. [6s., 2s. 6d., 2S., Low ; $1.50, Harper, New York.] — The Handsome Humes. .1894 The loves of a well-born youth and the daughter of a retired prize-fighter ; the resistance of the aristocratic mother is overcome by the self-abnegation of the girl's father. Scene : Henley-on-Thames. Scottish characters, chiefly, in an English home. [6s., 2s. 6d., 2S., Low; J1.50, Harper, New York.] ENGLISH FICTION Black, William {continued). — Briseis. 1896 Another sentimental romance, enacted this time on Deeside — the course of true love inter- rupted, but happy at the end. The heroine is a Greek girl come to Scotland, a lover of Highland ballads and of Nature. [6s., 2S. 6d., 2S., Low; $1.75, Harper, New York.] Wild Eelin : Her Escapades, Adventures, and Bitter Sorrows. 1898 The tragical love tale of a beautiful Highland girl, own sister to the Princess of Thule. Black's favourite motive, the noble simplicity of Highland life in contact with modern decadence, reappears again, and there is a poetic rendering of the clan spirit as it survives at the present day. Scene, Inverness. [6s., 2S. 6d., 2s., Low ; $1.75, Harper, New York.] Blackmore, Richard Doddridge [1825-1900]. Clara Vaughan. 1864 Like the majority of Blackmore's novels, an attempt to naturalize romance amid the com- plexities and the modernities of the present age. A melodramatic tale, in which a petulant and obstinate heroine's adventures, before she comes into her rightful heritage, are mixed up with the history of a Corsican vendetta. Word-landscapes of Devon, Gloucestershire, and Corsica ; sketches of eccentric character, such as the Devonshire prodigy, Huxtable, and his wrestling feats, and the farcical Balak and Balam and other cockneys, abound. [6s., 2s. 6d., Low; %i n., Burt, New York.] Cradock Nowell : a Tale of the New Forest. 1866 Enshrines several rustic types and eccentrics, such as Parson Rosedew and Dr. Hutton ; the story involved and abounding in sensation ; the style charming for those who prize Euphuism in a modern dress. [6s., 2s., Low ; $1 n., Burt, New York.] ., — Lorna Doone. 1869 A romance of Exmoor in Stuart times (c. 1673-87). John Ridd, one of Blackmore's stalwart yeomen, rescues the captive Lorna from the robber Doones. Relates their history from childhood to marriage, with episodes and pictures of life in the world outside as well as in the pristine homesteads of Exmoor.. Humorous Tom Faggus, the terrible brigand. Carver Doone, and Judge Jeffreys are among the characters — all drawn with a peculiar kindliness and gusto. The scenic descriptions of the lovely region about Lynmouth and the Badgeworthy Water are invested with a poetic glamour that befits the tale. Many local worthies have their lineaments preserved among the persones. Though Lorna Doone made little stir at the time of its appearance, it has had innumerable imitations since, and it initiated a return to the romanticism in historical fiction that Thackeray excluded in Esmond, The Virginians, Barry Lyndon, and Denis Duval. [6s., 2s. 6d. (|i), Harper; (Exmoor Edn.), 3 vols., i8s.. Low ; $3.75, Putnam, New York. Illustrated : 21s., 4to, cheap edn., 7s. 6d., Low ($2, Scribner, New York) ; ($2.50, $2, Harper, New York). Ed. W. P. Trent and W. T. Brewster (Standard English Classics), 65c., Ginn, Boston, 1906 ] — The Maid of Sker. 1872 The romance of a foundling, the missing daughter of a Devon family, told by a garrulous old fisherman who overflows with mother-wit. Opens with sketches of life in Glamorganshire (1782-98) ; passes then to Devon, where, in a wild and lawless state of society, the dia- bolical Parson Chowne is represented as the brutal despot of his parish. Thrilling episodes, such as a hurricane and a wreck, poetical descriptions, and many racy charac- ters. [6s., 2S. 6d., Low; $1 n., Burt, New York.] — Alice Lorraine : a Tale of the South Downs. 1875 A romance of the period of the Napoleonic wars (1811-14) ; full of startling incident and ad- venture, the ancient house of Lorraine being involved in disasters that have to be dras- tically remedied in the last chapter; the heroine a modern Antigone. [6s., 2s. 6d., Low; ?i n., Burt, New York.] — Cripps the Carrier : a Woodland Tale. 1876 .Luke Sharp, the lawyer, plots to abduct an heiress, and actually proves her dead and buried ; but his nefarious plans are overset, chiefly by the agency of Mr. Cripps, an original whose raciness and humour are most characteristic of Blackmore's country-folk. Rural Ox- fordshire is the scene, and most of the persons introduced are homely and rude. [6s., 2s. 6d., Low ; Ji n., Burt, New York.] 104 NINETEENTH CENTURY, LAST QUARTER Blackmore, Richard Doddridge (continued). — Erema. 1877 Though the chief chaxacters are EngUsh and Scottish, the scene is laid in California, New York, and Washington. Plot-interest is dominant and involves tragedy, but the humour of the characterization and the beauty of the surroundings lighten the gloom. [6s., 2s. 6d., Low (50c., Street, New York).] Mary Anerley. 1880 story of an old Yorkshire family : smuggling adventures, service in the navy, and pictures of Ufe on the coast about Flamborough (1777-1805). Brings out well the racy and jovial disposition of the Yorkshire people, and depicts several original characters, like the York agent, Mordacks, the family lawyer, and the hero himself, who is heir to an estate but elects to live humbly. [6s., 2S. 6d., Low {?i. Harper, New York ; $1 n., Burt, New York). — Christowell. 1882 A beautiful village on the eastern edge of Dartmoor is the scene, and the tale covers a large extent of that lovely region. Placid village life, happy and affectionate family life and homely characters, with some episodes of terror as a contrast, make up the story. [6s., 2s. 6d., Low (20c., Harper, New York). — Springhaven. 1887 Nelson and Napoleon and the contemplated invasion of England are prominent, while a set of homelier interests and obscurer figures are, artistically, more important. Sketches some fine types of heroism, of human kindness, gossips and humorists, not the least attractive being Admiral DarUng. [6s., 2s. 6d., Low ($1.50, Harper, New York ; $1 n., Burt, New York). 'Illustrated by Alfred Parsons and F. Barnard, 12s., 7s. 6d., Low.] — Kit and Kitty. 1890 The hero is a poor market-gardener, and the life depicted is of the lowliest, but both hero and heroine are lifted high by the sweetness of their characters. A simple tale, with a dash of romance. [6s., 2s. 6d., Low {$1.25, Harper, New York ; $1 n.,'Burt, New York).] — Perlycross : a Tale of the Western Hills. 1894 A leisurely romance with a mystery which turns out to be a hoax. Scenes of rural hfe in eastern Devon just before the 1832 Reform Bill, portraits of village worthies and much descriptive work. Scoffs at modern cant about education. [6s., 2s. 6d., Low ($1.75, Harper, New York).] — Tales from the Telhng House. 1896 Four tales of past and present. Slain by the Doones is a little study on the theme of Lorna Doone ; Crocker's Hole, a story of the catching of a mighty trout, is quite an epitome of Blackmore's humorous story-telling and loving description of nature, and also of his richly laden, meandering prose. [5s., 2s. 6d., Low.] BooTHBY, Guy Newell [1867-1905]. Doctor Nikola. 1896 Farewell, Nikola. 1901 These and the following are average specimens of this prolific, crude, and popular author's work. He aims at sensation pure and simple, and gathers his materials from every source ; gigantic adventurers, gory monsters, and supernatural beings are as common as ordinary men of the world and fascinating heroines. Mystery and horror, colossal wealth, blood- thirsty vendettas, are the favourite machinery. [Each 5s., Ward & Lock . (i) $1, Apple- ton, New York; (2) $1.50, Lippincott, Philadelphia.] The Red Rat's Daughter. 1899 A young English millionaire courts a Russian artist, and learns when they are betrothed that her father is a political prisoner, whom he feels compelled to rescue. [5s., Ward & Lock ($1.25, New Amsterdam Book Co., New York).] — The Woman of Death. 1900 A long story on a blood-curdling theme that Poe might have invented, an elaborate apparatus for mutual slaughter. Pure sensation from beginning to end. [5s., Pearson.] 105 ENGLISH FICTION BooTHBY, Guy Newell {continued). — ^A Maker of Nations. 1900 The hero with several other broken-down officers and adventurers plans a revolution in a S. American republic ; but, falling in love with the president's daughter, he goes over to the other side, and, after a little adventure and the collapse of his old party, marries her. [5s., Ward & Lock ($1, Appleton, New York).] Brad DON, Mary Elizabeth [Mrs. John Maxwell ; h. 1837]. Lady Audley's Secret. 1862 A fair representative of her numerous novels, which aim, not to represent hfe, but to construct a series of incidents that shall keep the reader's curiosity incessantly on the stretch. The fictitious death and burial of a woman and the mysterious disappearance of a man are the mainspring of this. [2S. 6d., Simpkin.] Aurora Floyd. 1863 A fascinating and wealthy girl, having married a worthy man, is flung into a dilemma by the reappearance of a low fellow whom she had eloped with and married in her teens. He is murdered and suspicion falls on her, but the real culprit is unmasked in the end. [2s. 6d., Simpkin.] Eleanor's Victory. 1863 How Eleanor, starting from a vague clue, proceeds by gradual steps to identify her father's murderer and bring him to book. [2s. 6d., Simpkin.] — — Henry Dunbar. 1864 A mystery-plot, the solution of which breaks upon the reader's mind by slow degrees ; the motive, a man's impersonation of a murdered millionaire. [2s. 6d., Simpkin.] Joshua Haggard's Daughter. 1876 Contains more character than usual. The starting-point is a stern minister's marriage to a pretty child-like waif whom he has rescued from a vagabond life. [2s. 6d., Simpkin.] Weavers and Weft ; and other Stories. 1877 Characteristic novelettes of incident. The title-story deals with a mercenary marriage, sensualism, and jealousy. Christmas in Possession and Sir Luke's Return are farces. [2s. 6d., Simpkin.] An Open Verdict. 1878 A rich heiress is believed by her neighbours, including her lover, to have caused her father's death, though the crime could not be brought home. Her complete innocence is estab- Ushed in the last chapters and poetic justice dispensed to friends and enemies. [2s. 6d., Simpkin.] Vixen. 1879 The vixenish young lady is heroine of the happy love-story. [2s. 6d., Simpkin.] Asphodel. 1881 Two sisters, who love each other tenderly, love the same young man. Travel-sketches of Switzerland are worked into the story. [2s. 6d., Simpkin.] o — ■ A Phantom Fortune. 188, The plot concerns the hiding of a " Warren Hastings " in his imbecile old age. The Words- worth country is the scene. [2s. 6d., Simpkin.] - — Ishmael. 1884 Deals with Paris under the rule of the third Napoleon, from the coup d'Uat of 1851, which is vividly described, down to 1868. Many historical personages are introduced, and the picture of the imperial rigime is drawn impartially. [2s. 6d., Simpkin.] — Mohawks. 1886 London in the days of Bolingbroke and Walpole ; chiefly in the years 1726-7. [2s. 6d., Simpkin.] io5 NINETEENTH CENTURY, LAST QUARTER Braddon, Mary Elizabeth {continued). — London Pride. 1896 The Plague, Lady Castlemaine, etc. (1649-78). [2s. 6d., Simpkin.] In High Places. 1898 The earUer years of Charles I (1628-45). Portraits of Buckingham, the Queen of France, Mazarin. [3s. 6d., Hutchin.son.] The Infidel : a Story of the Great Revival. 1900 A heroine of obscure birth, a Voltairean by education, marries a peer on his death-bed, and keeps true to his memory in spite of affection for a young kinsman. She is strongly in- fluenced by the preaching of Whitefield and Wesley, and devotes her latter life to good works. The general picture of the Methodist Revival is drawn with sympathy and care. [6s., Simpkin.] Buchanan, Robert Williams [1841-1901]. The Shadow of the Sword. 1875 An epical, Hugoesque novel of the Napoleonic wars. A Breton fisherman refuses to serve under Napoleon, believing war to be forbidden by Christianity ; and is persecuted, out- lawed, and driven insane. During the Hundred Days he tries to assassinate Napoleon. An earnest polemic against war and national ambition. [3s. 6d., 2s., Chatto.] God and the Man. 1881 Rather grandiose romance inspired by an ethical idea, the vanity and folly of individual hate. A man bitterly wronged pursues the villain relentlessly until both are face to face with death at the extremity of the habitable world. Then, as it were in the presence of God, he pardons and rescues his foe. The loftiness of the argument, which precludes character- drawing, and the sublimity of the ultimate scene amid the polar ice, again recall Victor Hugo. [3s. 6d., 2s., Chatto.] — The Martyrdom of MadeUne. 1882 Madeline, an innocent girl, is betrayed by a French music-master and trapped into a marriage which the villain denies when he finds she has no money. Her varied career as an actress, etc., her marriage vrith a worthy man, the reappearance and persecution of the Frenchman, and his well-deserved death are the ensuing romance, in which the author professes to expose " the social conspiracy against womankind." [3s. 6d., 2S., Chatto.] — Love Me for Ever. 1883 A romantic and emotional little story, embodying a version of the weird old legend of the Flying Dutchman. [3s. 6d., 2s., Chatto.] — Foxglove Manor. 1884 AJ^ritualist clergyman, whose character is compounded of sensuousness and self-deception, deserts a girl whom he has seduced, and intrigues with a married woman, all, as he pro- fesses, without any ill motive. On being exposed he enters the Church of Rome. There is a melodramatic scene in which a scientist throws his wife into a trance and pretends she is dead. [3s. 6d., '2s., Chatto.] — The Master of the Mine. 1885 The plot turns on the mysterious seduction of a girl, the guilt of which is eventually brought home to the Master of the Mine by the hero, who by good fortune and resolute conduct wins from the culprit his milUonaire sweetheart and supplants him as owner of the mine. Cornish scenes and characters. [3s. 6d., 2S., Chatto.] — The Heir of Linne. 1887 A little melodrama of love, seduction, and retribution, involving the Laird of Linne (an estate on the S.W. coast of Scotland), his rightful heir, son of a woman he betrayed, and the supposed heir, an arrogant young scamp, on whom the tables are turned at the finish. An unfrocked priest, strange mixture of scholar and gaberlunzie, of drunkard and seer, is a prominent actor. [3s. 6d., 2s., Chatto.] — The Moment After : a Tale of the Unseen. 1890 An ill-used Italian murders his wife and her paramour, and is hanged ; but falls to the ground and is reprieved. These are his records of what he felt while in a semi-moribund state. [is., Heinemann.] 107 ENGLISH FICTION Buchanan, Robert Williams {continued). — Come Live with Me and be my Love. 1891 Founded on the play Squire Kate. A country tale, with stage situations and appropriate characters, like the faithful steward and the shepherd. [3s. 6d., Heinemann.] Ef&e Hetherington. 1896 An uncouth and savage but truly heroic man, infatuated with a capricious and worthless girl. Sets forth tragically his pure, unreasoning devotion. [5s., Unwin.] Andromeda : an Idyll of the Great River. 1900 Canvey Island at the mouth of the Thames is the scene of this romantic drama. A rough and brutal, but not wholly detestable sailor returns to claim his wife, whom he married when she was almost a child, and who meanwhile has fallen in love with a more attractive man. [3s. 6d., Chatto ($1.25, Lippincott, Philadelphia.] Butler, Samuel [1835-1902]. Erewhon ; or. Over the Range. 1872 Erewhon Revisited Twenty Years Later, both by the Original Discoverer of the Country and his Son [sequel]. 1901 A satire on most of the institutions, ideas, customs, and the very bases of modern civiliza- tion, by a sturdy freethinker. Our modern GulUver stumbles upon a great nation, hidden behind inaccessible mountains, which has reverted to an older stage of civilization and improved it by establishing, in some cases, the exact contrary of our institutions (e.g. they punish disease and deal with crime by medical treatment), and in other cases absurd exaggerations (e.g. musical banks corresponding to our churches where treasure is laid up for spiritual fruition, and colleges of unreason where hypothetics is taught instead of practical wisdom, cf. compulsory Greek). Erewhon (Nowhere), published in 1872, had a revival of interest later, when Butler wrote Erewhon Revisited (1901), in which the traveller, who escaped in a balloon, finds that the Erewhonians have grafted on to their reUgion a worship of the mysterious visitant who made such a miraculous ascension twenty years ago, with curious perversions of his logia. [Each 2s. 6d. n., Fifield ($1.25 n., Dutton, New York).] The Way of All Flesh. 1903 Butler wrote two satires but only one novel, which is in more than one sense the novel of his life. The tale is told by a family friend of the hero, who obviously corresponds in many traits and circumstances to Butler himself. His immediate ancestry, his infancy, home life, education, and the failure and disasters of young manhood are related; with caustic criticism of the unsympathy and stupidity of , conventional parents, and, In general, of sentimentalism, cant, priestcraft, and other social plagues. Butler was an independent critic of Darwinism with strong views on heredity, which he regarded as equivalent to race-memory. These views run through the book, which, though philosophical, is a work of art, not merely a concrete exposition of a theorem. Plerity of humour in the character- drawing: Butler is most serious when apparently most flippant. [6s., Fifield ($1.50 n., Dutton, New York).] Caird, Mona [nee Alison]. The Wing of Azrael. 1889 A domestic story of country gentlefolk. A sulky heroine marries a roue to help her bankrupt father, and is driven by cruel persecutions to try to elope with an old lover. The husband, a handsome and coldly inhuman villain, is chief agent in many melodramatic episodes Depicts a society universally tainted with commercial marriages and parental cruelty. [6s., Kegan Paul.] — — The Daughters of Danaus. 1894 Animated with the same polemical feeling against marriages of convenience, representing society as largely a marriage market, money difficulties of parents and similar circum- stances sacrificing girls to wedlock. [6s., Sands.] Carey, Rosa Nouchette [1840-1909]. Nellie's Memories. 1868 The experiences and troubles of a girl of sterling character, who takes the place of her dead mother in a family of brdthers and sisters. The first of a long series of domestic tales, which set forth a healthy and engaging ideal of womanhood, and a high standard of daily conduct; sentimental and optimistic, without being weakly so. [3s. 6d., MacmillEin; $1 n., Burt, New York.] Wee Wifie (1869) and Wooed and Married (1875) are close akin. 108 NINETEENTH CENTURY, LAST QUARTER Carey, Rosa Nouchette {continued). — Not like other Girls. 1884 A mother and three daughters, suddenly reduced from affluence to poverty, earn their living by dressmaking. Cleverness and good sense win them success, and they are rewarded by offers of marriage and by a restoration of fortune. [3s. 6d., Macmillan ($1 n., Burt, New York).] Barbara Heathcote's Trials. 1885 Home life of a family of girls, all differing in character, all wilful. Barbara is a blunt, out- spoken girl, whose very candour leads her into misunderstandings and troubles. [3s. 6d., Macmillan ($1 n., Burt, New York).] - Esther. 1887 A widowed mother's struggles with poverty, and the different conduct and character of two sisters, one imaginative and ambitious, the other, Esther, a quiet worker making the best of her lot. [3s. 6d., Religious Tract Society ($1.25, Lippincott, Philadelphia ; $1 n., Burt, New York.] Uncle Max (1887) and Only the Governess (1888) are similar stories. Life's Trivial Round. 1900 Like the foregoing, a simple, unaffected account of the ordinary events of domestic hfe, a quiet picture of little things, with nothing more exciting than the wedding festivities that crown the story. [3s. 5d., Hutchinson ($1.25, Lippincott, Philadelphia).] Rue with a Difference. 1900 Quiet domestic life in a cathedral town, the love affairs of a stepmother and a stepdaughter, and a set of pleasant, well-conducted characters sketched in a lifehke manner. [3s. 6d., Macmillan ($1.25, Lippincott, Philadelphia).] " Carroll, Lewis " [Rev. C. Lutwidge Dodgson ; 1832-98]. Alice's Adventures in Wonderland. 1865 ■ Through the Looking-Glass ; and What Alice Found There. 1871 Invented a new kind of fairy tale,' several degrees more fantastic than Andersen's, drawing on modern science and all sorts of modern ideas for materials, and finding its most char- acteristic expression in droll irrelevance and the ludicrous distortion of familiar things. Though written for children and inspired by the prattle and innocent charm of children, the wit, the fanciful humour, and the subtlety of many of its under-meanings can be fully appreciated only by educated people. Lewis Carroll, further, was a genuine poet, and his songs and snatches of verse are \^ery beautiful, even when most absurd, in their sensuousness and hauntiffg cadences. [Illustrated by J. Tenniel, ea. 6s. n. ($1), 2s. 6d. n. (80C.), Macmillan. (i) Illustrated by Thomas Maybank, 2s. 6d., is. 6d., is., Routledge. Illustrated by Arthur Rackham, 6s. n., 8vo, Heinemann. Illustrated by Charles Robinson, 6s. n. {?i), 4to, Cassell. Illustrated by W. H. Walker, 2s. 6d. n., Lane. Illustrated by H. Rowntree, 6s. n.. Nelson.] Sylvie and Bruno. 1889 Sylvie and Bruno Concluded [sequel]. 1893 In these later tales his comic imagination applies itself to the regular duties of the fabulist, to enforce what he held right in conduct and religion. The ideas are more recondite ; and, though the first object is entertainment, the didactic purpose is strongly pronounced. [Each 7s. 6d. n. ($1.50), 3s. 6d. n., Macmillan]. Chesney, Sir George Tomkyns, [1830-95]. A True Reformer. 1873 Opens with chapters of Anglo-Indian life at Simla under Lord Mayo (1869-72), and continues the hero's autobiography in England, where he tries as M.P. to pass a measure for reform- ing the army. Contains a large amount of special technical knowledge, which is carefully explained. [3 vols., 25s. 6d., Blackwood : o.p.] ■ The Dilemma : A Tale of the Mutiny. 1876 How the English in an up-country station are surprised by the Mutiny and forced to defend their home desperately against odds. A dramatic story, founded on first-hand informa- tion, and full of the interest of individual character. [2s., Blackwood.] 109 ENGLISH FICTION Chesney, Sir George Tomkyns (continued). — The Private Secretary. 1881 A young philanthropist falls in love with his private secretary ; but as his income depends on his offering marriage to a cousin, he is for a time hindered from marrying her, and induces her to become his mistress. Interest is concentrated on the heroine, on her gradual falling in love, and the mental struggle between self-respect and the dread of poverty for herself and her orphan brother. [3 vols., 25s. 6d., Blackwood : o.p.] Coleridge, Mary E. [1861-1907]. The King with Two Faces. 1897 A romance deahng with the events that led to the assassination of Gustavus III of Sweden in 1792, the cabals of the nobility, the siege of Gothenburg, the King's revocation of the Constitution, etc. {1789-92). The Parisian episodes introduce Marie Antoinette, Count Fersen, Mme. de Stael, and others. Suffused with her curious mysticism. [6s., Arnold.] The Fiery Dawn. 1901 Same theme as in Dumas' She Wolves, the Duchesse de Berri's attempt to place her son on the French throne (1831-2). Historical and other characters drawn with fullness and care, plenty of strenuous action and strong touches of tragedy ; yet on the whole a vague and dreamy romance, like the others by Miss Coleridge. [6s., Arnold (?i.5o, Longman, New York).] The Lady on the Drawing-room Floor. 1906 A tenuous, enigmatic romance of to-day. [6s., Arnold (?i.50, Longman, New York).] Conway, Hugh " [Frederick John Fargus ; 1840-85]. Called Back. 1884 A bold, terse, and thriUing melodrama, based on the idea of a man's temporary loss of memory. The first of the modem " shilling shockers," it met with immense success and was drama- tized, [is., Arrowsmith, Bristol (25c., Hurst, New York).] A Family Affair. 1885 A plot-novel of the Wilkie Collins type, with some character and delineation of domestic Ufe, conversation and social incident, and touches of comedy in the idiosyncrasies of a pair of brothers. [3s. 6d., Macmillan.] - A Cardinal Sin. 1886 A complicated plot-novel, with a murder and a young man's adroit intrusion of himself into another's place and fortunes. [3s. 6d., Eden (30c., Holt, New York).] Crackanthorpe, Hubert M. [1865-96]. Wreckage ; and other Stories. 1893 Little masterpieces of stem, tragic realism, of a kind more common in French literature than in English : a relentless exposure of the seamy side of modern life ; terrible in their cold, unimpassioned statement of the saddest things. [3s. 6d., Heinemann.] Craigie, Pearl Mary Teresa [nee Richards ; " John OUver Hobbes" ; 1867-1906 ; American by birth). Tales. 1894 Four very actual and searching stories of modern society, rather fantastic in idea, pessimistic and cynical in criticism of life, clever and epigrammatic in style. The Sinner's Comedy (1892) is typical. The sinner's wife is an admirable woman, despised and slighted by her husband, whereas she might have been the good genius of a finer man, whose life is a blank without her. The irony of fate — or rather of human society — is set forth with bitter pathos. Some Emotions and a Moral (1891), a tragical love-tale, is a good introduction to Mrs. Craigie's curious blend of the real and the imaginary world. The other stories are A Study in Temptations (1893) and A Bundle of Life {1894), both rather strange and morbid in their main theme, and embracing some charmingly eccentric by-characters. [6s., Unwin ($1.50, Stokes, New York).] ■ The Gods, Some Mortals, and Lord Wickenham. 1895 A good man's marriage to a woman with a past, treated from a lofty standpoint. The husband's is a pathetic story of forsaken ideals. Lord Wickenham, confidant of the husband and official commentator, expounds the moral that a man should marry the goddess that he loves and not from mere weakness stoop to earth. [6s., 2S., Unwin ($1.50, Appleton, New York).] NINETEENTH CENTURY, LAST QUARTER Craigie, Pearl Mary Teresa (continued) — The Herb Moon : a Fantasia. 1896 A little drama of the bizarre kind dear to Mrs. Craigie — the prolonged and interrupted court- ship of a supposed widow, who has a living husband in an asylum. She is a pathetic type of suffering womankind ; the man is a strong, pure-natured, taciturn character. [6s., 28. 6d., Unwin.] — — • The School for Saints. 1897 Robert Orange \sequeJ]. 1900 Two parts of a rambling life-history that opens up some moral problems. The more significant characters are uncommon in type, highly intellectual, lofty in their ideals, touched with decadence, thoroughly modern. The hero and his friends discuss religion, the greater issues of life, and other matters of deep emotional interest in a very solemn and self-con- scious way. Robert Orange, a paragon among feminine heroes, loves a woman whose hus- band proves to be living, and they part ; yet when the husband dies leaving them free, the idealist and visionary renounces love and seeks peace in the cloister ; he has already abandoned a brilliant political career. Orange is an idealized study of Disraeli, who further is introduced in person. [Each 6s., Unwin (each Si. 50, Stokes, New York).] The Serious Wooing : a Heart's History. 190 1 A story of high society, castigating its pettiness and insincerity with pointed wit. The head- strong heroine, sacrificing all to her forbidden passion, appears respectable compared with the empty and cynical worldlings who constitute this spurious aristocracy. [6s., Methuen.] Love and the Soul Hunters. 1902 Introduces us to the world of throneless princes, morganatic marriages, subterranean diplomacy, and high finance, the most compelling figure being a demi-mondaine of consummate clever- ness hailing from America. Her daughter, a wholesome English girl, is loved by a libertine prince — " a sentimental soul-hunter, a specialist in souls " — and a sour German doctor : which of them will win ? As usual, all the characters, always and everywhere, talk glibly like critics of life, not actors in it. [6s., is. n., Unwin ($1.50, Funk cS; Wagnalls, New York).] The Vineyard. 1904 A sarcastic, paradoxical, and not over-convincing picture of middle-class mediocrity, modem affectation of culture, and undiluted phiUstinism in a provincial town, with the usual impersonations of decadence that Mrs. Craigie affects. [6s., Unwin.] The Dream and the Business. 1906 A family of Nonconformists in Bayswater, some middle-class Hampstead people, a lord and his lady unsatisfactorily mated, and other modern personalities, some commonplace and some complex and bizarre — drawn with little sympathy, though less satire than pervades the last book. Vague and inconclusive as a story — in Mrs. Craigie's way — but abounding in keen flashes of insight into life and the objects of life, religion, society, culture and barbarism, and in her old brilliant epigram. Gladstone makes an appearance. , [6s., Unwin ($1.50, Appleton, New York).] Cunningham, Sir Henry Stewart [J. 1832]. Wheat and Tares. i860 A short love-story, with a brilliant and clever young man for principal, whose egoism and adroit mastery of people and events remind one of George Eliot's Tito Melema. A close representation of society in a seaside town ; the conversations characterized by wit and repartee and free handling of sentimental, moral, and religious topics. [3s. 6d., Macmillan.] Late Laurels. 1864 Main idea : the contrast between a nature of genuine simplicity and nobleness and a brilliant but artificial character, a product of modern social influences. Sketches of society ; smart and lightly sarcastic dialogue. [2 vols., 21s., Longman : o.p.] — The Chronicles of Dustypore. 1875 Anglo-Indian ofiicial and social life in a station of the Sandy Tracts and in a pleasure resort among the hills. A gay little comedy, largely satirical, involving a variety of motives, love in particular ; with plenty of lively dialogue. [2s. 6d., Smith & Elder.] ENGLISH FICTION Cunningham, Sir Henry Stewart {continued). — -The Heriots. 1889 The heroine becomes engaged to a wealthy M.P., who introduces her to the cream of English Society, an episode that enables a number of characters to be amusingly sketched. Then she finds she is really in love with another man, poor like herself, to whom the novelist marries her in the last chapter. Sparkling dialogue. [3s. 6d., Macmillan.] Sibylla. 1894 The story of the young spendthrift, who breaks his father's heart, disappears after ruining the family property, and comes to light again only to cause embarrassment, is of minor interest compared with the sketches of character and of society. The dialogue is fuU of zest and point ; politics and the lighter themes of a pleasure-loving world filling many pages with animated talk. [2 vols., 12s., Macmillan.] Davidson, John [185 7-1 909]. Perfervid : the Career of Ninian Jamieson. 1890 " One of the most original and fascinating stories of ' young blood ' and child adventure ever written " (Encyc. Brit.). [2s. 6d., Ward & Downey : o.p.] Baptist Lake. 1894 Plotless and rather scattered in its interest ; but contains some suggestive sketches of character and striking thoughts about life. The anti-hero Baptist is a self-indulgent charlatan who exalts sensuality into a shoddy sestheticism. [3s. 6d., Ward & Downey.] A Full and Free Account of the Wonderful IVlission of Earl Lavender, which leaked out one night and one day : with a history of the Pursuit of Lord Lavender and Lord Brumm by Mrs. Seamier and JVlaud Emblem. 1895 A novel harking back somewhat to the romantic motives of Perfervid. [3s. 6d., Ward & Downey: o.p.] Davis, John [" Owen Hall "]. In the Track of a Storm. 1896 The troubled career of a supposed highwayman and convict, th^ victim of a miscarriage of justice ; scenes of convict life in New South Wales. [2s., Chatto ($1, 50c., Lippincott, Philadelphia) .] Dowling, Richards [b. 1846]. Zozimus Papers. These are " comic and sentimental tales and legends of Ireland " originally pubUshed in the Dublin comic paper Zozimus, which Mr. Dowling edited about 1870. [o.p.] The IMystery of Killard. 1879 The mystery is connected with an inaccessible rock on the forbidding coast of Clare and a certain treasure. But the central and most original idea is that of " a deaf mute who, by brooding on his own misfortune, grows to envy and then to hate his own child, because the child can hear and speak." [3 vols., 31s. 6d., Tinsley : o.p.] ■ Old Corcoran's Money. 1884 The first of various sensational plot-novels to which the author now turned his attention. A miser, his stolen money, and the detection of the thief, with sketches of life in S. Ireland, and some character-drawing. [3s. 6d., Chatto.] Dixon, William Hepworth [1821-79]. Diana, Lady Lyle. 1877 Takes the reader half round the globe ; Virginia, Niagara, Canada, London, Yorkshire, France, Egypt, Simla, all become the successive scenes and supply travel-pictures. The tale is of a serious misunderstanding in Lady Lyle's married life and its clearing up. The char- acters are as cosmopolitan as the scenery. [3 vols., 31s. 6d., Hurst cS: Blackett : o.p.] Downey, Edmund [" F. M. Allen " ; h. 1856]. Anchor-Watch Yarns. 1884 Through Green Glasses. 1887 NINETEENTH CENTURY, LAST QUARTER Downey, Edmund (continued).— From the Green Bag. 1889 Comic episodes of pseudo-history by a humorist of County Waterford, Dan Banim— e.g. the burlesque account of King James's escape after the battle of the Boyne, the loves of Dermot MacMurrough and Devorgilla, and the true story of Lambert Simnel the impostor ; char- acter sketches of a set of old sea-dogs, mostly Irish, and their favourite yams, and other tales of an extravagant kind. [All o.p.] The Merchant of Killogue. 1894 A picture of life and politics in an Irish provincial town, highly praised by Reade. Amusing election scenes. [3 vols., 31s. 6d., Heinemann : o.p.] ■ ■ Dorothy Tuke. 1905 A story of the sea. [6s., Hurst cS: Blackett.] Du Maurier, George [1834-97]. Peter Ibbetson. 1894 Du Maurier, the black-and-white artist, wrote three novels out of the materials furnished by his personal memories of Ufe in Paris and other places in France and Belgium, the best of- them, though not the most popular, being the first. A melancholy, dreamy book, the plot-motive of which is a supernatural gift enabUng the hero to meet his lost love in the dreamland of the past. Reminiscences of a happy childhood spent at Passy give a realistic basis to the fantasy. Illustrated by the Author. [6s. ($1.50), Harper; 2 vols., 2is., 8vo, Harper.] Trilby. 1895 Made up partly of Du Maurier's reminiscences of Bohemian life in Paris, and partly of a story of hypnotic influence over a beautiful girl. It was this inferior sensational element which brought the story fame, especially in the dramatized form. In spite of the poignant sadness, the book is mainly a comedy, full of spontaneous mirth and bonhomie. [2s. n. ($1.75), Harper.] The Martian. 1898 Returns to the theme of Peter Ibbetson — France in the forties, Parisian and provincial happy domestic life, Belgian scenes, Malines and its dignified clerical society. The romantic side is concerned with a dream-influence from Mars that supplies the hero with literary inspiration, whilst Utopian adumbrations of a nobler race of men inspire Du Maurier the draughtsman. [6s. ($1.75), Harper.] DuRAND, Sir Henry Mortimer [b. 1850]. Helen Treveryan. 1892 Adventures and love affairs of a young English officer, killed by Afghans. The second Afghan War (1878-9) is described in circumstantial style (the author was present), with criticisms of the position of the British in India. [3s. 6d., Macmillan : o.p.] Farjeon, Benjamin Leopold [1838-1903]. Grif : a Story of AustraHan Life. 1866 Poverty, villainy, and innocence in the end triumphant ; an Oliver Twist of Melbourne and the diggings at the time of the Gold Rush. Grif is a street arab and a thief, but brave and capable of all the virtues. On the one hand we have Grif, a virtuous and unfortunate wife, and the misguided husband ; on the other, a gang of desperadoes and bushrangers. [3s. 6d., Hutchinson.] Blade-o'-Grass. 1874 A humanitarian novel picturing the different fates of twin sisters, one happily adopted by respectable people, the other left to the hard mercies of slum life. [6s., Hutchinson.] Great Porter Square : a Mystery. 1884 [3s. 6d., Hutchinson.] Devlin the Barber. 1888 [is.. Ward & Downey: o.p.] — The Mystery of M. Felix. 1890 [2s., White: o.p.] Sensational stories of murder and mystery, and its ultimate explanation, on the same general lines as Gaboriau's detective stories. "3 ENGLISH FICTION Farjeon, Benjamin Leopold (continued). — Samuel Boyd of Catchpole Square. 1899 A thrilling detective story, less inartistic than the average. [6s., Hutchinson; $1.25, 50c., New Amsterdam Book Co., New York.] The Tragedy of Featherstone. 1886 [3s. 6d., Hutchinson.] Fenn, George Manville [1831-1909]. A Little World. 1877 Chiefly a story of humble life and a worthy organist's struggle with adverse circumstances, plot-business being introduced by the mysterious disappearance of a baronet's son. Some amusing people from the neighbourhood of Seven Dials contribute many lighter pages. [3 vols., 31s. 6d., H. S. King: o.p.] Nat the NaturaHst ; or, A Boy's Adventures in the Southern Seas. [juvenile] 1882 [5s., Blackie ; $1.50, Scribner, New York.] Middy and Ensign ; or, The Jungle Station. A Tale of the Malay Peninsula. [juvenile] 1883 [3s. 6d., Griffith & Farran.] The Silver Canon : a Tale of the Western Plains. [juvenile] 1884 [3s. 6d., Low.] • Menhardoc : a Story of Cornish Nets and Mines. [juvenile] 1884 [3s., Blackie ; $1, Scribner, New York.] Bunyip Land : the Story of a Wild Journey in New Guinea, [juvenile] 1884 [3s. 6d., Blackie; $1.50, Scribner, New York.] The Devon Boys : a Tale of the North Shore. [juvenile] 1886 [3s. 6d., Blackie.] — ■ Yussuf the Guide ; or. The Mountain Bandits : a Story of Adventure in Asia Minor. [juvenile] 1886 [3s., Blackie; $1, Scribner, New York.] - — Dick o' the Fens : a Tale of the Great East Swamp. [juvenile] 1887 [3s. 6d., Blackie; $1.50, Scribner, New York.] — This Man's Wife. 1887 A story of a Botany Bay convict (early nineteenth century). The tragic interest comes from a noble wife's sublime devotion to a worthless husband, and her sufferings and pathetic endeavours to prove his innocence. The author's tales for boys are better known than these more ambitious works. [3s. 6d., Chatto.] — The Story of Anthony Grace. 1887 A simple, un^xaggerated chronicle of other people's lives. A boy without friends wins his way to success, a young inventor struggling to perfect an important invention. The entertaining constable, Revitts, and an irascible, tender-hearted maid-servant supply humour. [3s. 6d., Chatto.] — The Man with a Shadow. 1888 A young surgeon with a theory about death, whose experiment in this direction results in madness and obsession, with the belief that he T^as a dual personality ; a muscular curate and his contrasted sisters, one gentle and staid, the other flighty, with some other characters and plenty of vigorous incident. [3s. 6d., Chatto.] — Commodore Junk. 1888 [3s. 6d., Chatto ; 75c., Street, New York.] — Quicksilver : the Boy with no Skid to his Wheel. [juvenile] 1888 [3s. 6d., Blackie; $1.25, Scribner, New York.] IT4 NINETEENTH CENTURY, LAST QUARTER Fenn, George Manville {continued). — ^The Grand Chaco. [juvenile] 1892 [2s. 6d., Partridge ; 75c., Street, New York.] Real Gold. [juvenile] 1893 [5s., Chambers ; $1.50, Whittaker, New York.] — Steve Young; or, The Voyage of the "Albatross" to the Icy Seas. [juvenile] 1893 [5s., S.P.C.K.] -— The Black Bar. • [juvenile] 1893 [2s. 6d., 3s. 6d., Low.] — Blue Jackets. [juvenile] 1893 [3s. 6d., Griffith & Farran.] — Cormorant Crag. [juvenile] 1895 [2S. 6d., Partridge.] — The Black Tor. [juvenile] 1896 A story of robbers in the reign of James I. Scene, Peak of Derbyshire. [5s., Chambers ; ?i, Lippiucott, Philadelphia.] — Nic Revel. [juvenile] 1898 — Ned Leger. [juvenile] 1899 Adventures of a midshipman on the Spanish Main. [5s., S.P.C.K.] - — Ching the Chinaman. [juvenile] 1902 [5s., S.P.C.K. ; |2, Young, New York.] — Marcus, the Young Centurion. [juvenile] 1904 Csesar and the Gallic War. [5s., Nister.] Sea stories, historical romances, travel tales, and miscellaneous adventures all the world over, exciting, wholesome, and not uninstructive. Good, sound entertainment for boys The titles as a rule give enough description of the kind of interest. FoTHERGiLL, Jessie [1851-91]. Aldyth. 1876 A girl refuses, from a sense of duty to her younger sisters, to emigrate with her lover, and ten years later is treacherously supplanted by one of them. A domestic story of the trials that purify character. [2s., Macmillan.] The First Violin. " 1877 A sympathetic picture of German musical life, the hero being leader of an orchestra in Diissel- dorf . A story of incident as well as of character, strong in local colour. [6s., Macmillan ;. $1, 30c., Holt, New York.] • ■ Probation. i88o> A story of the Lancashire cotton famine of 1863, setting forth on the one side the distress, of the poor operatives, and on the other the loves of a wealthy girl, a hot champion of women's rights, and a clever man who engages her energies and enthusiasms in really useful work. [2s., Macmillan ; 75c., Fenno, New York.] Kith and Kin. 1881 Like the foregoing, a good example of the novel suited for family reading. The hero is the grandson of a wealthy squire, disinherited and earning his living as a clerk. His grandsire learns accidentally the true position of the young man, whom he had supposed to be in comfortable circumstances. This is the starting-point of the plot. The love episodes have many passages of deep and true feeling. [2s., Macmillan; $1, Burt, New York.] 115 ENGLISH FICTION FOTHERGILL, Jessie (continued). — From Moor Isles. 1888 A small group of characters, male and female ; Brian, a study of the artistic temperament, in which the author always shows especial interest, the impulsive Inez, and the fine- natured daughter of the people, Alice Ormerod, with her devotion and unreciprocated love. [2S., Macmillan; $1.35, Holt, New York.] Froude, James Anthony [1818-94]. The Two Chiefs of Dunboy. 1889 An historian's essay in fiction — an Irish tale composed of some materials used in writing his English in Ireland. [3s. 6d., Longman.] Garnett, Richard [1835-1906]. The Twilight of the Gods; and other Tales. 1888 The title story is a witty travesty of the Prometheus legend, the titan being released from durance when the Christian mob ejects the pagan gods. Some two dozen shorter stories are of the same sardonic trend ; the close-knit construction, the parsimony of effect, and the strong, masculine style, being quite after the classic model. [New and augmented edn., 6s., Lane, 1906.] GissiNG, George Robert [1857-1903]. The Unclassed. 1884 Gissing was one of the most serious and conscientious students of modem conditions, par- ticularly in the lower middle classes, and wrote with a faithfulness and sincerity that but for his lack of humour would have made him one of our greatest novelists. Like Balzac, he was a demographer. He worked in crowds, or rather social groups, and it is these that impress themselves on the memory rather than any individual creations. He discloses in a powerful and luminous way the realities of life to-day, especially in great towns like London, and not only shows up social maladies, but illustrates the working of ameliorative agencies, particularly Socialism. In The Unclassed he attacks a most dispiriting problem in an idealistic fashion. The " Unclassed " are the " daughters of joy," and the author would show that even these are not utterly lost. Two girls are rescued, or rescue themselves, and live an honest and womanly life ; one of them devoting Iierself nobly to the work of helping the poor and fallen. [6s., Lawrence & BuUen ; $1.25, 50C., Fenno, New York.] Demos : a Story of English Socialism. 1886 A very earnest examination of Socialism in its effect on various minds ; the principal charac- ter, a demagogic workman who comes into money and gradually lapses from integrity and his high ideals. The finer natures of the woman who loves him and of the woman of gentle nurture whom he marries bring in the pathos of human tragedy, while his old companions and his relatives afford studies of idiosyncrasy and human kindness amongst the working classes. Much more honest as a study of life as it is than the earlier novel. [2S. 6d., 2S., Smith & Elder.] Thyrza. 1887 Tells the story of a London factory girl whose imaginative and spiritual disposition stands out in relief against squalid surroundings. Full of tragic human interest, to which the many by-characters contribute, e.g. the artisan-student, the young Ruskinian teaching among the workmen of Lambeth, and a working-man who is an agnostic and SociaUst. [2s.,6d., 2S., Smith & Elder.] A Life's Morning. 1888 " The most vernal in atmosphere of any of his novels." The heroine does marry the lover whose position is so much above hers, but her father's fate is representative of a pathetic group of Mr. Gissing's characters, worthy and capable men, whose life-work is ruined by the conditions into which they are born. [2s. 6d., 2s., Smith & Elder.] The Nether World. 1889 Pictures in a stern and impressive way the obscure, poverty-stricken multitudes of Clerken- well, brutalized by the inhuman struggle for bread, half of them criminals or in close touch with criminals, a nether world of squalor and misery. Among the drab crowds that move before us stand out the family of a worthy man ruined by misfortune, with a son and a daughter driven to felony and immorality ; and, on the other hand, a little group of ideal characters engaged in a lofty struggle with evil, in which they are worsted by circumstances. [2s. 6d., 2s., Smith & Elder; 45c., Harper, New York.] 116 NINETEENTH CENTURY, LAST QUARTER GissiNG, George Robert (continued). — The Emancipated. 1890 Presents a series of characters who have liberated themselves from the restraints of creed and moral law. The emancipated women are morbid, self-questioning types, whose histories are records of failure and unhappiness, reUeved by the episode of Miriam's wooing and marriage to a rough and honest man and their happy after-life. [6s., Lawrence & BuUen.] New Grub Street. 1891 A pessimistic study of the literary life under modem conditions, much of the poignancy due to an autobiographical element. The writer, who is a business man, succeeds, while those of superior talent and finer artistic conscience fall into distress and ruin. [2s. 6d., 2S., Smith & Elder.] — Born in Exile. 1892 The hero, a compound of base and honourable qualities, is ambitious of rising in the world and of mixing with cultivated society, but is handicapped by the disadvantages of his early life and by personal qualities attributed to heredity. [3s. 6d., 2s., Black.] — The Odd Women. 1893 A curious phase of modem hfe, the forlorn lot of the" superfluous" women. The ineffectual struggles of a group of gently nurtured women, and a girl's unhappy marriage for the sake of a home, related with his usual realism. [2s. n., Bullen; $1, Macmillan, New York.] — In the Year of Jubilee. 1894 Satirizes the vulgarity and barbarism of the lower middle class, presenting a humorous com- mentator in a man with a mania for statistics, and a number of typical characters drawn and analysed with candour and realism. [6s., Lawrence & Bullen ; $1, 50c., Appleton, New York.] — Eve's Ransom. 1895 Dwells on the sordid aspects of lower-middle-class hfe, and describes how Eve's artistic and social aspirations are awakened by a visit to Paris. [6s., Lawrence & Bullen; $1, 50c., Appleton, New York.] — The Whirlpool. 1897 Theme : the irresistible attraction which London, with its pleasures, excitements, and ex- travagance, has for a numerous class of people, who may depart for a season, but are drawn again into the fatal vortex. The cultured life has no time for children, and sterihty is the common result. Is there not better hope even in Rudyard Kipling's ideal of man as the active animal and fighter ? This and like questions arise in the course of the novel. [6s., Lawrence & Bullen; $1.25, Stokes, New York.] — Human Odds and Ends. 1897 Sketches and jottings of many phases of hfe, rarely amounting to a story, yet significant and full of penetration ; e.g. Comrades in Arms, the abortive love affair of a hterary man and a literary woman ; Lord Dunfield, a severe picture of aristocratic barbarism ; Raw Material and The Beggar's Nurse, ghmpses of the sadness and infamy of life under modem condi- tions. [6s., Lawrence & BuUen : o.p.] — The Town Traveller. 1898 An unwontedly bright story, bringing out the humours of a group of London people of a commonplace, typical kind ; a good-natured " commercial," a cockney girl, a lodging- house keeper, and so on, in Kennington. [6s., Methuen ; I1.25, Stokes, New York.] — The Crown of Life. 1899 The first part autobiographical. One of Gissing's restrained tragedies of modern existence — how a man misses love, the crown of life. [6s., Methuen.] — Our Friend the Charlatan. 1901 Comedy of the kind that makes you think how unpleasant everybody is. Deals with higher strata of society and satirizes shallow " culture." The Charlatan is a product of modem education, who puts himself forward as a politician with a theory. (This bio-sociological theory is really borrowed from Prof. Jean Izoulet's La Citi moderne). The unpleasant characters are true to modem conditions, and the analysis is fair though severe. [6s., Chapman; $1.50, Holt, New York.] 117 ENGLISH FICTION GiSSiNG, George Robert (continued). — ^The Private Papers of Henry Ryecroft. 1903 The mellowest, kindest, and most human fruit of Gissing's pen. Pathetic in its autobio- graphic interest, as Ryecroft only too plainly reflected the struggles and disillusionments of Gissing's own career as an author, which ended untimely the year this was published. A defeated literary man comes into an annuity, gives up book-making, and settles down to quiet happiness and contemplation in the country. This is his diary in spring, summer, autumn, winter ; with his observations of nature, people, books, and himself — a capti- vating revelation of Gissing's own mind and heart. [6s., 3s. 6d., 2s. 6d. n., Constable.] — — Veranilda. 1904 A scholarly and workmanlike, but colourless, historical romance, depicting the dying struggles of Rome and Italy during the Gothic invasion under Totilas, just after the brilliant exploits of Belisarius (544-6). Veranilda is a Gothic princess, loved by a Roman noble. [6s., Constable.] Tlie House of Cobwebs ; and other Stories. 1906 A collection of very significant and representative fragments, which, Hke Human Odds and Ends, shows how admirably Gissing could work on a small scale. Introductory survey by Thomas Seccombe. [6s., Constable.] Gould, Rev. Sabine Baring- \b. 1834]. In Exitu Israel. 1870 Church and state in France {1788-9). [o.p. ; 2 vols., 21s., i vol. ; $1.50, Macmillan, New York.] Mehalah : a Story of the Salt Marshes. 1880 A powerful and imaginative story of peasant folk on the east coast, in which character and melodrama are mixed in fairly equal parts. Mehalah is a country girl of strong and passion- ate nature, the heroine of some painful episodes ; there is racy humour in the talk and doings of several rustic people. [2s. 6d., 2s., Smith & Elder.] — — John Herring. 1884 A powerful and sombre story of village hfe and half-savage, primitive characters on the borders of Devon and Cornwall. The characters numerous and varied, and their development the basis of the action. Imaginative description of places and of old famihes and their histories, the legends connected with the Dartmoor antiquities, etc. Strong in dialect. [2s. 6d., 2S., Smith & Elder.] Court Royal : a Story of Cross-Currents. 1886 The last act in the reign of a ducal family, brought low by chronic extravagance. Attention is concentrated on the career of a poor girl, pawned to the Jew who holds the chief mort- gages and uses them as instruments of revenge for a personal outrage. By her natural abilities she inherits the Jew's wealth, marries a rich parvenu, and ends as mistress of the duke's late mansion. The eclipse of the aristocratic house is treated as a serious problemi of modern social tendencies, though Joanna's career is all melodrama. [2s. 6d., 2S., Smith & Elder.] - Red Spider. 1887 Aims at picturing realistically and preserving the features of village life on the borders of Devon and Cornwall as it was fifty years or more ago. The heroine is a girl of noble nature, and the yeoman farmer class is depicted with many individual touches. [2s., Chatto ; 75c., 50c., Appleton, New York.] — ■ The Gaverocks. The sensational plot turns on wife-murder ; the characters are accentuated types of Cornish villagers in bygone times ; the peasants, callous, unlovable people ; the gentry repre- sented by a brutal old squire of an obsolete stamp and his family — a rudely picturesque group. Local customs, superstitions, and other folklore copiously exploited. [2s. 6d., 2S., Smith & Elder; 50c., 25c., Lippincott, Philadelphia.] — Richard Cable, the Lightshipman. 1888 Story of an Essex peasant who marries an heiress — the pathos of humble life, relieved with farce. The story at length transports us to Cornish scenes, and there is a fine descrip- tion of a great wreck. [2s. 6d., 2s., Smith & Elder; 25c., Lippincott, Philadelphia.] 118 NINETEENTH CENTURY, LAST QUARTER Gould, Rev. Sabine Baring- {continued). — Eve. 1888 Scene : Morwell Hall, a romantic and historic spot on the Tamar, at the edge of Dartmoor (c. 1820). Legends of the moor, pixies, a convict's escape, etc. [3s. 6d., 2s., Chatto; $1, 50c., Appleton, New York.] Grettir the Outlaw. [juvenile] 1889 An exciting story of desperate feats, combats with berserks and with the spirit of Glam, etc., and an instructive account of the old Icelandic mode of hfe (c. 997-1031). Based on a famous saga. 6s„ Blackie; fi.50, Scribner, New York.] Urith : a Tale of Dartmoor. 1891 Turns partly on Monmouth's rebellion (1685) ; full of stormy incident and acts of passion and malice ; the scenery and antiquities of the moor, and the manners and customs that reigned among the rugged inhabitants, are presented with abundant knowledge. [6s., Methuen.] Margery of Quether ; and other Stories. 1891 Margery is an uncanny story ending in preparations for a witch-burning ; scene, Lamerton, near Tavistock. At the Y is another tale of bygone Dartmoor. [3s. 6d., Methuen.] In the' Roar of the Sea. 1892 ^Strong in description of the rugged coast of N. Cornwall ; the characters as usual not prepos- sessing, but drawn with a powerful hand. [6s., Methuen; $1, Street, New York).] — Cheap- Jack Zita. 1893 A very sensational story of the Ely fens in 1815. [6s., Methuen; $1.25, 50c., Tait, New York.] — The Queen of Love. 1894 A romantic story, strong in character-drawing; scene, Saltwjch, in Cheshire. [6s., Methuen.] - — Noemi : a Story of Rock-Dwellers. 1895 France under Charles VII, at the time of the long struggle with England (c. 1450) ; the heroine, an Amazonian Jewess. Local features, such as the wondrous rock-fortress on the Dor- dogne, play a considerable part in the tale. '[63., Methuen; $1, 50c., Appleton, New York.] — Kitty Alone : a Story of Three Fires. 1895 Teignmouth and the fringes of Dartmoor in the rick-burning days (c. 1820). Kitty is one of the writer's best women-characters ; and her uncle, Pasco Peperill, who commits arson to get the insurance, is a rascal strongly portrayed. Describes " Brunei's Folly " — the Atmospheric Railway. [6s., Methuen.] — The Broom-Squire. 1896 ' Deals with the historic murder of a sailor near the Devil's Punchbowl, Hindhead, in 1786, by three men who were hanged at this spot ; and with life in the neighbourhood at the time . Contains a striking female character — Mehetabel. [6s., Methuen; 50c., Stokes, New York.] — Dartmoor Idylls. 1896 Magazine stories of the primitive moorland folk, descriptive of the wild and barren but ever- varying scenery, and full of local and archaeological lore. [6s., Methuen.] — Guavas, the Tinner. 1897 A melodrama of passion, villainy, and triumphant virtue, enacted in the wildest part of Dart- moor, and embodjdng much antiquarian lore, chiefly about the Stannary Laws, the manners and customs of the tin-miners, and the superstitions that prevailed down to the Ehzabethan age and even after. [6s., Methuen.] — Bladys of the Stewponey. 1897 A Shropshire romance (1790) turning on the marriage of a hangman, who manages to conceal his identity, with the pretty daughter of an innkeeper. Contains some ghastly scenes, like the execution of a woman by burning. [6s., Methuen.] 119 ENGLISH FICTION Gould, Rev. Sabine Baring- {continued). — Perpetua. 1897 The persecutions of Christians at Nlmes (a.d, 213) ; a learned archseological work, [6s., Pitman; $1.25, Button, New York.] Domitia. 1898 An antiquary's picture of Court Ufe in Rome during the reign of terror under Domitian (67-96) ; takes liberties with history. The heroine is the tyrant's unhappy wife. [6s., Heinemann; $1.50, Stokes, New York.] — Pabo the Priest. 1899 A story of Wales in the time of Henry I (1100-35), who was trjdng to force Roman discipline on the independent Welsh Church, with a view to subjugating the people. Strong in local colour. [6s., Methuen ; 25c., Stokes, New York.] — Furze Bloom. 1899 " Tales of the Western Moors," little vignettes of rustic life, not so fantastic nor so much idealized as in the longer stories, e.g. Genefer, A Can of Whortles, Caroline. [6s., Methuen.] Winifred : a Story of the Chalk Chffs. 1900 The heroine, the unacknowledged child of a gentleman and a smuggler's daughter, is given a lady's education by the energy of her mother, a fierce, persecuted woman, who curses her recreant husband and is reconciled to him only on his death-bed. The heroine's is also a strong, mutinous nature ; and the other characters participate more or less in the same exceptional strength. Devonshire landscape is an attractive feature in the story, [6s., Methuen ; $1.50, Page, New York.] Royal Georgie. 1901 The Prince Regent, Dartmoor. [6s., Methuen.] • The Frobishers. 1901 A study of the hardships and oppressions of workers in the pottery districts of North Stafford- shire, the details evidently " got up " for the purpose of instructing public opinion. [6s., Methuen.] In Dewisland. 1904 Pembrokeshire and the Rebecca riots (1843-4), rustic characters (not very convincingly drawn), exciting incidents, and local antiquities. [6s., Methuen.] Green, Evelyn Everett- [b. 1856]. Six Stories, narrated by Max von Pochammer. 1900 The first story may be taken as type of this prolific writer's many domestic stories for young girls : the love-tale of a German pastor, a learned man, but simple-hearted, a beUever in Providence, who chooses his wife by a sign from above, and wins her love after years of waiting. [3s. 6d., Leadenhall Press.] In the Days of Chivalry : a Tale of the Times of the Black Prince. [juvenile] 1892 This and the following are perhaps the best of Miss Everett Green's historical tales for children. A story of the Hundred Years' War with France ; Crefy, Calais, etc. [5s., Nelson.] — The Lost Treasure of Trevlyn. [juvenile] 1893 Time of the Gunpowder Plot. [5s., Nelson.] — Evil May-Day. [juvenile] 1893 London, 1517 ; the prentices' riot against foreign craftsmen, attack on Newgate, etc. [2s. 6d., Nelson.] NINETEENTH CENTURY, LAST QUARTER Green, Evelyn Everett- (continued).— Shut In. [juvenile] 1894 " A Tale of the Wonderful Siege of Antwerp " (1585). [5s., Nelson.] — — The Lord of Dynevor : a Tale of the Time of Edward I. [juvenile] 1892 — My Lady Joanna. [juvenile] 1902 Both deal with the wars with the Welsh in Edward I's reign, [(i) 2s. 6d., Nelson ; (2) 2S. 6d., Nisbet.] — In Taunton Town. [juvenile] 1895 "A Story of the rebellion of James Duke of Monmouth in 1685." [5s., Nelson.] — The Young Pioneers. [juvenile] 1896 La Salle on the Mississippi (c. 1669). [5s., Nelson.] — A Clerk of Oxford. [juvenile] 1897 Oxford, Kenilworth, the battle of Lewes, etc. (1264). [5s., Nelson.] — The Sign of the Red Cross. [juvenile] 1897 The Plague and the Fire. [2s., Nelson.] — Tom Tufton's Travels. [juvenile] 1897 — Tom Tufton's Toll [sequel]. [juvenile] 1898 Adventures of highwaymen, etc. (1704). [Each 3s. 6d., Nelson,] — French and English. [juvenile] 1899 War in Canada, Fort William Henry, attack on Louisburg, battle of Quebec. [5s., Nelson.] - — The Heir of Hascombe Hall. [juvenile] 1900 Last years of Henry VII, with Henry VIII as Prince of Wales ; laid in the south of England and in London. [5s., Nelson.] — ■ After Worcester. [juvenile] 1900 Time of the Commonwealth and the wanderings of Charles II (1650-1). [5s., Nelson.] — In Fair Granada : a Tale of Moors and Christians. [juvenile] 1901 The Moors and Christians in the time of PhiUp II. [5s., Nelson.] — A Hero of the Highlands. [juvenile] 1902 The hero is an English adherent of Prince Charles Edward Stuart ; battle of CuUoden, etc. (1745-6). [5s., Nelson.] — Fallen Fortunes. [juvenile] 1902 "Adventures of a gentleman of quality in the days of Queen Anne"; battle of Ramillies, fashionable Ufe in London, etc. [3s. 6d., Nelson.] — Cambria's Chieftain. [juvenile] 1903 Welsh rebelhon against Henry IV: Hotspur, Glendower, Mortimer, etc. (1400-3.15). Style declamatory and anti-English. [3s. 6d., Nelson.] — The Castle of the White Flag. [juvenile] 1903 — Ringed by Fire [sequel]. [juvenile] 1905 Two stories of Alsace and a French-German family. Wissembourg, Worth, Gravelotte, Metz, etc., well described. [Each 5s., Nelson.] ENGLISH FICTION Green, Evelyn Everett- {continued). — Under Two Queens. [juvenile] 1904 Loudon in 1552-4, time of Lady Jane Grey. [5s., Shaw.] The Children's Crusade. [juvenile] 1905 Adventures of three boys among the Moors in 1212. [3s. 6d., Nelson.] — In Northern Seas. [juvenile] 1906 The Venetian Zeno's voyage to the Faroes and America (14th cent.). [2s., Nelson.] — The Defence of the Rock. [juvenile] 1907 Siege of Gibraltar (1779-83). [5s., Nelson.] — Ruth Ravelstan. [juvenile] 1907 Times of the Commonwealth and the attempt to assassinate Cromwell (1649-60) . [5s., Nelson.] - — Knights of the Road. [juvenile] 1908 John Howard and Newgate Prison. [2s. 6d., Nelson.] Griffiths, Major Arthur George Frederick [1839-1908]. In Tight Places : Some Experiences of an Amateur Detective. 1900 A collection of short detective stories that deal httle with the repellent aspects of crime, though concerned with shady life and the hunting down of felons. Very matter-of-fact and unsentimental in manner. The author was an authority on police and crime, and had been a governor and a Government inspector of prisons. [6s., Jarrold.] Fast and Loose. 1900 An exciting detective story — crime, mystery, and discovery woven into a complex mesh. [6s., Macqueen : o.p.] — The Wrong Road. 1903 The well-drawn-out solution of a poisoning mystery, in which the author's knowledge of criminals is shown to advantage. [6s., Milne.] — Before the British Raj : a Story of Military Adventure in India. 1903 A soldier of fortune in the days of the Mogul Empire; fights under Lord Lake (1803}. [3s. 6d., Everett.] — • A Royal Rascal. 1905 Career of a gentleman and soldier who serves in the old 135th, in India and the Peninsula, and meets with many of the most illustrious generals of that era (1795-1815). [6s., Unwin.] — Thrice Captive. 1908 Exciting adventures of a young English gentleman, chiefly in Spain, during Peterborough's campaigns. That daring general is a prominent figure. The siege of Barcelona and the actions at Monjuich, Almanza, etc., are described. [6s., White.] Groome, Francis Hindes [1851-1902]. Kriegspiel : the War Game. 1896 Gip^ life delineated by an eminent authority, the author of Gypsy Folk-Tales (1898). An English baronet, son of Romany mother, is kidnapped, and travels over England and the Scottish border in a gipsy caravan ; Suffolk, Berwick, and Edinburgh being the chief scenes. Romany manners and customs, life under canvas, language and folklore, are presented in a striking way. [6s., Ward & Lock.] Hardy, Francis H. {American by adoption]. The Mills of God. 1897 A didactic novel of domestic and agricultural life in New Jersey. A canting farmer who 122 NINETEENTH CENTURY, LAST QUARTER makes his religion a sanction for selfishness ; a down-trodden, patient wife , and a boy, a mischievous, affectionate imp, are the principal figures. The boy's daring saves the transcontinental mail and makes his mother's last days happy. [6s., Smith & Elder.] Hardy, Thomas [b. 1840]. Desperate Remedies. 1871 A plot»novel of the Wilkie Collins brand, with some glints of Mr. Hardy's powerful sketching of village life, rustic gossips, and nature. Under the Greenwood Tree. 1872 The first of the Wessex novels proper, the common groundwork of which is a very vivid, intimate, and lifelike delineation of the people of Dorset and the neighbouring counties, and of the natural life and scenery. The local dialect is used with literary modification, A series of dramas, mainly tragic, hingeing on motives of passion, are enacted in these surroundings, the protagonists, as a rule, being yeomen, tradesmen, and others, raised above the rank of the peasants, who figure chiefly in the comic scenes. A gloomy and sceptical view of life and morality becomes more pronounced in the later works, which sometimes take on a polemical tone. Mr. Hardy is by genius a dramatist, with strong leanings to naturalism on the one hand, and on the other a high poetic imagination which instinctively personifies Nature herself as an actor in his theatre of human forces and the forces that play on humanity. This first characteristic novel is an idyll of village life, in which the members of a carrier's family and the parish choir, a gathering of rustic oddi- ties, furnish a sort of comic chorus to the main action — the loves of a rustic boy and girl. It is the brightest example of Mr. Hardy's genuine though somewhat limited humour. A Pair of Blue Eyes. 1872-3 Two friends are in love with the same Cornish girl, who loves both and marries neither, the end poignant tragedy. The story turns characteristically on the mutual misunderstandings of the friends and similar sins of innocence on the maiden's part. The author's gloomy determinism begins to show itself here in the abundant coincidences that seem like fatality. A Uttle village on the Cornish coast is the principal scene. Far from the Madding Crowd. 1874 Represents the tragi-comedy of country Hfe : the principal characters farmers, whose labour- ing men take the comic parts. The title is ironical, several deaths chequering the story, though Oak and Bathsheba, two characters thoroughly typical of Thomas Hardy, are wedded at the end. A harrowing episode of seduction, desertion, and death, and a melo- dramatic episode of disappointed love and jealousy, are attached to the main story. The routine of agricultural work, outdoor life on the farm, the natural scenery and the weather make a fine setting, often coloured with the richest poetic imagination. — ■ — The Hand of Ethelberta : a Comedy in Chapters. 1876 Deals with both Wessex and society in London. Ethelberta is the author's Becky Sharp, but differs in fundamental traits from Thackeray's adventuress. A girl of lowly birth, she flourishes for a time as a fine lady by means of genuine talent, a successful crusader against caste prejudice, but ends as wife of an aristocratic debauchee. Unconquerable loyalty to her needy brothers and sisters is her redeeming virtue. The Return of the Native. 1878 A drama of passion and nemesis, enacted amidst the wild and solemn scenery of an imaginary heath, and animated profoundly by the author's philosophy of revolt. He regards the characters and their environment as illustrations of the " quandary " in which the working of natural laws has placed mankiijd. Fatal misunderstandings between dear relatives, and the subtle and imperceptible yielding to temptation, which leads to crime and death, are the characteristic motives. Clym Yeobright and his mother and the strangely fasc- inating Eustacia Vye are among his finest impersonations of human longing and disillusion- ment, anguish, and endurance. A typical example of Mr. Hardy's poetic treatment of nature and nature's influence on character. The Trumpet Major. 1879 A genial and happy love-story, more soberly reahstic than the foregoing in its picture of family life and of a fickle sailor lover. The anxiety and suspense prevailing in the southern counties during the Napoleonic terror is a leading motive, and we get a glimpse of George III and his family at their favourite watering-place of Weymouth. The Trumpet Major has been successful on the boards of a rustic theatre. 123 ENGLISH FICTION Hardy, Thomas {continued). — -A Laodicean ; or, The Castle of the De Stancys : a Story of To-day. 1881 Another minor novel of Wessex and society. The heroine a weaker Ethelberta and the motive somewhat similar, feudal prestige superseded by brains and money. Two on a Tower : a Romance. 1882 A fanciful and unreal story with a strong dash of poetry ; the hero an amateur astronomer burning to devote his life to science. A lady of higher social status loves him, and thus creates one of the ironical situations in which the author delights. — The Mayor of Casterbridge. 1886 A minor but characteristic work, concentrating interest on one man, an impetuous, domi- neering personality, whose energy wins him worldly success, but whose bad passions eventually work his ruin. Life in a small provincial town (Dorchester), with imaginative description of the place and its rural surroundings. - — The Woodlanders. 1887 A sylvan pastoral of central Dorset, imbued with a pagan delight in the beauty and the bounteousness of nature, the human figures appearing, as it were, part and parcel of the landscape. A love- tale of the conventional kind holds the foremost place ; but the under- plot is lofty and austere tragedy, an idyll of unrequited love, of which the two protagonists are, in all their homeliness and simplicity, as majestic as the figures of ^schylus, while the nature-worship and the pagan sentiment recall Theocritus. Richer, perhaps, than any other of his novels in poetical description of the country. — Wessex Tales. 1888 Stories of medium length, some comic but the majority austere. The Three Strangers, which won exceedingly high praise from Louis Stevenson, is a one-act drama, the surprising denouement of which is a piece of sardonic humour; The Withered Arm, a gruesome tale of the supernatural; Interlopers at the Knap and Fellow-Townsmen, fatalistic stories of mistaken marriages, good specimens of those tales in which everything goes awry; The Distracted Preacher, a love-story of a smuggling parish seventy years ago. — A Group of Noble Dames. 1891 Ostensibly legends of Dorsetshire historic families, collected and related by the members of a field club. Chiefly tragi-comedies of wedlock and rather free in treatment ; as grim and sardonic as anything he has written. — Tess of the D'Urbervilles : a Pure Woman Faithfully Presented. 1891 The tragic history of a woman betrayed. Tess is the completer portrait of the ideal woman sketched in the previous novels, a daughter of the primeval soil of Wessex, and at the same time a tragic symbol of the author's fatalism. The title is a cheillenge : Tess, the author contends, is sinned against, but not a sinner ; her tragedy is the work of tyrannical cir- cumstances and the evil deeds of others in the past and the present. This theme is worked out with austere simplicity, a group of figures representing the chief elements of rustic society being used with admirable art to enhance the central significance of Tess. The pastoral surroundings, the varjang aspects of field, river, sky, serve to deepen the pathos of each stage in the heroine's calamities, or to add beauty and dignity to her tragic per- sonality. — Life's Little Ironies. * 1894 Brief stories containing the quintessence of the author's fatahsm, with a series of broadly comic stories appended as a sort of antidote. — Jude the Obscure. 1895 Mr. Hardy's rebellious views of life and religion, and leanings towards naturahstic methods, are given full play in this story of a peasant scholar's foiled ambition, which from begin- ning to end is sombre and in many of the incidents extremely painful. The influence of character upon character, here an influence entirely for evil, is the argument implied in Jude's conjugal history, with its repeated alternations of divorce and reconciliation. The end is the extinction of pure and lofty ideals by the hideous brutality of existence, an end in which Jude's suicide is not the most tragic incident. ? 124 NINETEENTH CENTURY, LAST QUARTER Hardy, Thomas {continued). — ^The Well-Beloved : a Sketch of a Temperament. 1897 A fantastic jeu d'esprit about an artist in pursuit of his ideal woman. He sees his vision embodied successively in three generations, and last of all woos the granddaughter of his first love. Portland is the principal scene, but there is less local colour than usual. [Each 3s. 6d., Pocket Edn., 2s. 6d. n., Macmillan (each $1.50, Harper, New York).] Hartley (Mrs. May) [" May Laffan "]. Hogan, M.P. 1876 A discursive and garrulous novel of Catholic society in Dublin and the country, disclosing the social currents that underlie political movements. Hogan is a struggling barrister, am- bitious and energetic, but not particularly scrupulous. He gets into Parliament in an underhand way, runs a brief course of prosperity, then fails ignominiously. Characters numerous and representative, but few appeal to the sympathies ; yet their social man- oeuvres, petty intrigues, ambitions, gossip and scandal are often diverting. The writer's object is to show up the permanent effects of the wrong methods of education pursued by the Roman Catholics. [3s. 6d., Macmillan.] Christy Carew. 1880 Irish people and Irish society, the secular rivalry of the churches, the problem of mixed mar- riages and the social disabilities of Roman Catholics, studied and criticized with some anti-Catholic bias. [2s., Macmillan.] Ismay's Children. 1887 A conscientious study of many classes of Irish people from the point of view of the " quality " ; the scene laid amid the squalid and mournful wilds of County Cork, in the times of Fenian activities and midnight drillings. [2s., Macmillan.] Hatton, Joseph [1840-1907]. By Order of the Czar : the Tragic Story of Anna Klopstock, Queen of the Ghetto. 1890 A sensational novel ; prohibited in Russia for its bold handling of the persecution of the Jews. [2s. 6d., Hutchinson.] Henty, George Alfred [1832-1902]. The Young Franc-Tireurs, and their Adventures in the Franco-German War. [juvenile] 1871 Henty had served as war correspondent, and went through the siege of Paris. He wrote an enormous number of serial stories for boys, healthily exciting, patriotic, and instructive ; very popular, and very much of a muchness in character and quality. [3s. 6d., Griffith & Farran; $1, Dutton, New York.] The Young Buglers : a Tale of the Peninsular War. [juvenile] 1879 [3s. 6d., Grifath & Farran; ?i, Burt, New York.] In Times of Peril : a Tale of India. [juvenile] 1881 The Mutiny. [5s., Griffith & Farran ; %i, Burt, New York.], A Cornet of Horse : a Tale of Marlborough's Wars. [juvenile] 1881 [5s., Blackie; $1, Scribner, New York; $1 n., Burt, New York.] Winning His Spurs. [juvenile] 1882 England, Palestine, and the Continent during the Third Crusade (i 190-4). [2s. 6d., Low.] Under Drake's Flag : a Tale of the Spanish Main. [juvenile] 1882 (1572-88.) [6s., Blackie; $1.50, Scribner, New York ; |i, Burt, New York.] By Sheer Pluck. [juvenile] 1883 A tale of the Ashanti War (1873-4). [5s.. Blackie ; $1.50, Scribner, New York; %i, Burt, New York.] Friends though Divided : a Tale of the Civil War. [juvenile] 1883 England, Scotland, and Ireland (1642-60). [3s. 6d., Griffith & Farran; Ji, Burt, New York.] ENGLISH FICTION Henty, George Alfred {continued). — Jack Archer : a Tale of the Crimea. [juvenile] 1883 Adventures in the Crimean War (1854-5). [2s. 6d., Low ; $1, Scribner, New York ; $1, Burt, New York.] With Clive in India ; or. The Beginnings of an Empire. [juvenile] 1883 (1751-7.) [6s., Blackie; $1.50, Scribner, New York; ?i, Burt, New York.] St. George for England : a Tale of Cressy and Poitiers. [juvenile] 1884 The Hundred Years' War (1330-67). [5s., Blackie; $1.50, Scribner, New York ; $1, Burt, New York.] In Freedom's Cause : a Story of Wallace and Bruce. [juvenile] 1884 (1293-1315.) [6s., Blackie ; $1.50, Scribner, New York ; ?i, Burt, New York.] The Young Colonists. [juvenile] 1884 A story of the Zulu and Boer Wars (1877-9). [3s. 6d., Blackie ; $1, Burt, New York.] True to the Old Flag : a Tale of the American War of Independence. [juvenile] 1884 [6s., Blackie; $1.50, Scribner, New York; %i, Burt, New York.] Through the Fray : a Tale of the Luddite Riots. [juvenile] 1885 (181 1-3.) [6s., Blackie; $1.50, Scribner, New York; $1, Burt, New York.] — The Dragon and the Raven ; or. The Days of King Alfred, [juvenile] 1885 (870-8). [3s. 6d., Blackie; $2, Scribner, New York.] — For Name and Fame ; or, Through Afghan Passes. [juvenile] 1885 Afghan War (1877-8). [5s., Blackie; $1.50, Scribner, New York; %i, Burt, New York.] — The Lion of the North : a Tale of the Times of Gustavus Adolphus. [juvenile] 1885 The Thirty Years' War and the Scots with Gustavus Adolphus (1630-4). [3s. 6d., Blackie; |2, Scribner, New York ; $1, Burt, New York.] — With Wolfe in Canada ; or, The Winning of a Continent. [juvenile] 1886 (1755-9.) [6s., Blackie ; $1.50, Scribner, New York ; $1, Burt, New York.] - — ■ The Bravest of the Brave ; or, With Peterborough in Spain, [juvenile] 1886 Reign of Queen Anne; campaign of the gallant Earl of Peterborough (1705-6). [5s., Blackie; $1.50, Scribner, New York; $1, Burt, New York.] — The Young Carthaginian ; or, A Struggle for Empire. [juvenile] 1886 A story of Hannibal (221-16 B.C.). [3s. 6d., Blackie; $2, Scribner, New York; $1, Burt, New York.] — Bonnie Prince Charlie : a Tale of Fontenoy and Culloden. [juvenile] 1887 (1728-46.) [6s., Blackie; I1.50, Scribner, New York; $1, Burt, New York.] — In the Reign of Terror : the Adventures of a Westminster Boy. [juvenile] 1887 [5s., Blackie; $1.50, Scribner, New York; $1, Burt, New York.] — Orange and Green : a Tale of the Boyne and Limerick. [juvenile] 1887 (1689-91 .) Adventures of a Protestant and a Catholic boy ; battles of the Boyne and Aughrim, and sieges of Athlone, Cork, and Limerick. [5s., Blackie; $1.50, Scribner, New York; $1, Burt, New York.] NINETEENTH CENTURY, LAST QUARTER Henty, George Alfred (continued). — The Cat of Bubastes : a Tale of Ancient Egypt. [juvenile] 1888 Thothmes III, time of Moses (c. 1600 B.C.). [3s. 6d., Blackie ; $2, Scribner, New York; $1. Burt, New York.] The Lion of St. Mark : a Tale of Venice. [juvenile] 1888 Wars of Venice (late 14th cent.). [3s. 6d., Blackie; $1.50, Scribner, New York; $1, Burt, New York.] — By Pike and Dyke : a Tale of the Rise of the Dutch Republic, [juvenile] 1889 The sieges of Haarlem, Leyden, and Antwerp (1572^84). [6s., Blackie; $1.50, Scribner, New York ; $1, Burt, New York.] — With Lee in Virginia. [juvenile] 1889 American Civil War (1863). [6s., Blackie ; $1.50, Scribner, New York ; $1, Burt, New York.] — By Right of Conquest. [juvenile] 1890 "WithCortez in Mexico" (1516-20). [6s., Blackie; $1.50, Scribner, New York ; fi, Burt, New York.] — By England's Aid. [juvenile] 1890 Overthrow of Spain; surprise of Breda, etc. (1585— 1604). [6s., Blackie; $1.50, Scribner, New York ; $1, Burt, New York.] — Maori and Settler. [juvenile] 1890 The New Zealand War of the Sixties. [5s., Blackie; I1.50, Scribner, New York; §1, Burt, New York.] — Held Fast for England. [juvenile] 1892 "A tale of the siege of Gibraltar" (1778-83). [5s., Blackie; $1.50, Scribner, New York.] — In Greek Waters. [juvenile] 1892 "A story of the Grecian War of Independence" (1821-7). [6s., Blackie; $1.50, Scribner, New York.i — St. Bartholomew's Eve : a Tale of the Huguenot Wars. [juvenile] 1893 (1567-73.) [6s., Blackie; $1.50, Scribner, New York.] — Through the Sikh War : a Tale of the Conquest of the Punjaub. [juvenile] 1893 (1845-9.) [6s., Blackie; $1.50, Scribner, New York.] — A Jacobite Exile. [juvenile] 1893 "Adventures of a young Englishman in the service of Charles XII" (1696-1702). [5s., Blackie ; $1.50, Scribner, New York.] — The Tiger of Mysore. [juvenile] 1895 Mysore War and Tippoo Sahib (1790-9). [6s., Blackie; $1.50, Scribner, New York.] — When London Burned. [juvenile] 1895 [6s., Blackie ; $1.50, Scribner, New York.] — Through Russian Snows. [juvenile] 1895 "A story of Napoleon's retreat from Moscow." [5s., Blackie; Si. 50, Scribner, New York.] — A Woman of the Commune : a Tale of Two Sieges of Paris, [juvenile] 1895 Henty was a starving war correspondent in Paris. [3s. 6d., White.] — A Knight of the White Cross. [juvenile] 1896 "A tale of the siege of Rhodes" (1480). [6s., Blackie : ?i.50, Scribner, New York.] 127 ENGLISH FICTION Henty, George Alfred {continued). — -With Frederick the Great. [juvenile] 1897 Seven Years' War (1756-60). [6s., Blackie ; $1.50, Scribner, New York.] With Cochrane the Dauntless. [juvenile] 1897 South American exploits of Admiral Cochrane, Earl of Dundonald (1818—25). [^s., Blackie; $1.50, Scribner, New York.] On the Irrawaddy. [juvenile] 1897 "A story of the first Burmese War" (1824-6). [5s., Blackie ; ?i.5o, Scribner, New York.] With Moore at Corunna. [juvenile] 1898 Under Wellington's Command [sequeT\. [juvenile] 1899 Together these summarize the Peninsular War. [Each 3s. 6d., Blackie ; $1.50, Scribner, New York.] — ■ One of the 28th. [juvenile] 1899. "A tale of Waterloo" (1804-15). [5s., Blackie; $1.50, Scribner, New York ; ?i, Burt, New York.] — A Roving Commission ; or, Through the Black Insurrection of Hayti. [juvenile] 1899 (1791-1804.) [6s., Blackie; ?i.50, Scribner, New York.] — At Aboukir and Acre. [juvenile] 1899 (1798-1801.) [5s., Blackie ; §1.25, Scribner, New York.] — • Both Sides the Border. [juvenile] 1899 On both the Welsh and Scots Borders, reign of Henry IV (1400-3). [6s., Blackie ; $1.50, Scribner, New York.] — Won by the Sword. [juvenile] 1900 Concludes story of the Thirty Years' War (1639-48) begun in The Lion of the North. [6s., Blackie; $1.50, Scribner, New York.] — No Surrender. [juvenile] 1900 "A tale of the rising in La Vendue" (1791-6). [5s., Blackie; $1.50, Scribner, New York.] — Out with Garibaldi. [juvenile] 1900 The War of Liberation (1859-60). [5s., Blackie ; $1.50, Scribner, New York.] — To Herat and Cabul. [juvenile] 1901 First Afghan War (1838-42). [5s., Blackie ; $1.50, Scribner, New York.] — At the Point of the Bayonet : a Tale of the Mahratta War. [juvenile] 1901 Battle of Assaye (1803) ; based on Grant Duff. [6s., Blackie ; $1.25, Scribner, New York.] — In the Irish Brigade. [juvenile] 1901 In the French service in Flanders and Spain, during War of the Spanish Succession. [6s., Blackie ; $1.50, Scribner, New York.] — With Kitchener in the Soudan : a Story of Atbara and Omdurman. [juvenile] 1902 [6s., Blackie.] — Through Three Campaigns. [juvenile] 1903 The wars in Chitral, Tirah, and Kumassi (Ashantee). [6s., Blackie.] — With the British Legion. [juvenile] 1903 "A story of the Carlist wars" (1836). The British Legion was raised to support the cause of Queen Christina and the infant Queen Isabella. [6s., Blackie.] 1 28 NINETEENTH CENTURY, LAST QUARTER Henty, George Alfred {ccmtinued). — ^With the Allies to Pekin : a Tale of the Relief of the Legations. [juvenile] 1903 A boy's adventures during the Boxer insurrection. [6s., Blackie.] By Conduct and Courage : a Story of the Days of Nelson. [juvenile] 1904 The whole succession of British naval victories that culminated at Trafalgar (i 797-1 805). [6s., Blackie.] Holt, Emily Sarah [Mrs. J. Avery, 1836-?]. Mistress Margery: a Tale of the Lollards. [juvenile] 1868 An Oxfordshire story of 1395-1401. This and the following are old-fashioned historical romances, dealing with stirring periods in a way interesting to young readers. They are reUgious and emphatically Protestant in tone and teaching, [as. 6d., R.T.S.] Imogen. [juvenile] 1875 A tale of the Early British Church (a.d. 597). [2s. 6d., R.T.S.] Clare Avery. [juvenile] 1876 A story of the Spanish Armada. [2s. 6d., R.T.S.] Lettice Eden ; or, The Lamps of Earth and the Light of Heaven. [juvenile] 1877 A tale of the last days of Henry VIII (a.d. 1530). [2s. 6d., R.T.S.] Lady Sybil's Choice. [juvenile] 1879 A story of the Crusades. [2s. 6d., R.T.S.] Joyce Morrell's Harvest ; or, The Annals of Selwick Hall. [juvenile] 1881 A story of the reign of Queen Elizabeth (1579-91). [2s. 6d., R.T.S.] — The Slave Girl of Pompeii : a Tale of the First Century. [juvenile] 1886 [is. 6d., J. F. Shaw.] Princess Adelaide. [juvenile] 1893 A tale of Kenilworth in the time of the Barons' Wars, [is., Shaw.] HuNGERFORD, Margaret [wee Hamilton ; 1855-97]. Molly Bawn. 1878 A love-tale of a tender, frivolous, and petulant Irish girl, who flirts and arouses her lover's jealousy, and offends against the conventions in all innocence. A gay and witty story, spiced with slang and touched with pathos. [2s. 6d., 2s., Smith & Elder; 75c., Lippin- cott, Philadelphia ; 75c., Caldwell, Boston.] Airy Fairy Lihan. 1879 A light novel of country Society in England ; frivolous, slangy, and smart ; with pleasant characters, an engaging heroine, happy love affairs, and sparkling dialogue. These are the best of a number of love-tales, having little if any literary pretensions. [2s. 6d., 2s., Smith & Elder ; 75c., Lippincott, Philadelphia.] The O'Connors of BallynahincL 1896 A hght domestic story of people of the landlord class in Cork, but local colour is practically non-existent, [is. 6d. n., Heinemann.] Hunter (Sir William Wilson, 1840-1900). The Old Missionary. 1895 An idyUic picture of India in the early days of the nineteenth century, with a dignified and touching central figure. [2s. 6d. n (40c. n.) Frowde.] Ingelow, Jean [1830-97]. Studies for Stories. 1864 A collection of well-written short stories by the well-known poetess. [3s. 6d., Pitman.] K 129 ENGLISH FICTION Ingelow, Jean (continued). — Stories Told to a Child. 1865 The best example of her fine interpretation of child-life and character. [2s. 6d., Wells Gardner.] Off the Skelligs. 1873 A family history. The sprightly Dorothea and her mercurial comrade Valentine, with their escapades, their animal spirits, and blithe inconsequence, make light-hearted comedy ; and there is deeper interest in their abortive love affair, and the growth of genuine affection between Dorothea and the hero. Sympathetic portraiture of sensitive natures, and understanding of the unconscious transitions of feeling from friendship to love, are the peculiar qualities of this author. [6s., Paul ; $1, Little & Brown, Boston.] Fated to be Free [sequel]. 1875 Takes up the Mortimer story again, with that of the mysterious crime which overshadows Valentine's inheritance. [2S., Chatto ; $1, Little & Brown, Boston.] Sarah de Berenger. 1885 A poor woman, married to a convict, changes her name and rears her children as their servant, in order to save for them a small fortune she has inherited. [2s. 6d., Low ; ?i, Little & Brown, Boston.] Don John. 1885 A case of changing two children at nurse is complicated by the impossibility of knowing whether the change was actually effected. The doubts and misery that aris^ reach a tragic intensity. The secret is revealed in the final paragraph. [2s. 6d., Low ; ?i, Little & Brown, Boston.] Jefferies, John Richard [1846-87]. The Dewy Mom. 1884 A singularly unconventional novel. A half-poetical expression of the great naturaUst's pantheism, if the term can be used, at all events of his nature-worship, his belief in the purity of nature, in the unity of mind and body, and in the truth and excellence of passion as an expression of natural life. The love-tale and its curious psychological drama is sometimes intermitted, and the novelist breaks forth into lyrical descriptions of natural phenomena and man's healthy delight in nature. The book is also a pamphlet, but that part is irrelevant. [2 vols., Bentley, o.p. ; 3s. 6d., Macmillan, 1900, o.p.] After London ; or, Wild England. 1886 Civilized England is overwhelmed by a cataclysm, and the country slowly reverts to a state of nature, while the few surviving inhabitants adopt the barbarous life of early ages. Little story, but the progress of nature's invasion is related with lavish and minute description of animal and plant life. [3s. 6d., Duckworth.] — Amaryllis at the Fair. 1887 An unconventional novel, but a masterly picture of country life. Whilst proceeding by his usual method of word-painting, the novelist succeeds in conveying a true impression of character in the Iden family, whose daily hf e in close touch with nature is made peculiarly real. Out of his minute observation of the things that most of us pay little heed to Jefferies builds up a general impression of nature's life that is singularly full and ample. Dictated to his wife whilst he was dying. [3s. 6d., Duckworth.] Johnston, Henry. Chronicles of Glenbuckie. 1889 A gallery of character-portraits and stories illustrating Scottish character : subjects, the elders of the kirk, the doctor, the minister, and the weavers and soutars of an Ayrshire village at the time of the Disruption ; village politics, Church doctrine, and courting. [3s., Douglas, Edinburgh : o.p.] Kilmallie. 1891 Similar sketches of nature and humanity in a village in the west of Scotland. [3s. 6d., Ward & Downey : o.p.] Dr. Congleton's Legacy : Chronicles of North Country Byways. ■ 1896 The story unimportant, interest centring in the humours of the Scottish village and its inmates, e.g. the schoolmaster, Saunders M'Phee. [6s., Methuen ; $1.25, Scribner, New York.] 130 NINETEENTH CENTURY, LAST QUARTER KiCKHAM, Charles Joseph [1826-82]. Sally Cavanagh ; or, The Untenanted Graves. 1869 Kickhamwas a Fenian journalist, who in 1865 was sentenced to fourteen years' penal servitude for treason-felony. His novels are strongly nationalist, " the work of a man of warm, tender, homely heart — a man bom and bred one of the people about whom he writes " (Rev. S. J. Brown, s.j.). A simple love-tale of people belonging to the class of small farmers ; the tragedy a consequence of landlordism and emigration. Written in prison. [2s., Duffy, Dublin.] Knockagow ; or. The Homes of Tipperary. 1879 A novel unreservedly praised by Irish critics. A series of living pictures of the different inhabitants and the changing phases of existence in a Tipperary village, rich in first- hand observation of the most sympathetic and keen-eyed sort. [3s. 6d., Duffy, DubUn.] For the Old Land : a Tale of Twenty Years Ago. 1886 Another love-story of the same good brand, pathetic in its sympathy with the peasant's love of home and the pangs of emigration, with a lighter side in the comic pictures of bailiffs and police and the fine old humorist Rody Flynn. [2s., Gill, Dublin.] King, Kate Douglas [Mrs. Burr; d. 1901]. The Scripture Reader of St. Mark's. 1895 The Scripture Reader, strong and austere man though he is, falls hopelessly in love with a woman of vile antecedents, and lives with her ; but the interval of happy fatherhood ends in tragedy when the husband reappears out of her unknown past. [3s. 6d., Hutchinson ; 50 c, Merriman, New York.] The Child Who Will Never Grow Old. 1898 Loving sketches of children, showing a subtle understanding of their thoughts and ways. [5s. ($1.25), Lane.] Knowles, R. B. Sheridan. Glencoonoge. 1891 An English lady and a fine young Irish peasant's love-story, and other romantic matters ; scene, Glengarriff — or somewhere like it — ^in the beautiful south-west. Irish people, Irish habits and peculiarities are well portrayed. [3 vols., 25s. 6d., Blackwood : o.p.l Levy, Amy [1862-89]. Miss Meredith. 1889 Miss Meredith is an English governess, living with an Italian family at Pisa, who has a love affair with a younger son. A story worked out with a simple but admirable realism, which gives us great and trivial things, events, circumstances, and traits of personality, just as they affect the mind; expresses a very passionate and despairing view of life.. [is., Hodder : o.p.] Reuben Sachs. 1889 A sad and not very sympathetic portrayal of Jewish people in London, their character, domestic hfe, religious feelings, and pecuharities of thought, presented in a realistic way. Reuben. Sachs, an ambitious young politician, loves and is loved by the heroine, but puts worldly advancement before passion. He succeeds : she marries a rich but commonplace husband,, and learns one day that Reuben is dead. [3s. 6d., Macmillan : o.p.] LiNSKiLL, Mary [1840-91]. Tales of the North Riding. 1871 Portray lovingly the rough and simple, strong and good-hearted Yorkshire folk, whose dialect is faithfully reproduced. The Vicar's Daughter tells of the conversion of a cold, self- sustained girl to tenderness and love, through a great peril. Theo's Escape is a domestic story of a girl, the mainstay of a home, who nearly loses her chance of happiness for the sake of her shiftless family. [3s. 6d., Macmillan.] Between the Heather and the Northern Sea. 1884 A sentimental love-story, full of descriptive passages of the moors and coasts of Yorkshire, by a close observer of nature. [2s., Macmillan.] 131 ENGLISH FICTION LiNSKiLL, Mary {continued). — Hagar. 1887 A simple little love-story, tinged with melancholy, but not tragic; with portraiture of the country-folk and scenery of the Yorkshire coast, [is., J. Clarke.] LowRY, Henry Dawson [i 869-1 906]. Women's Tragedies. 1895 Pathetic httle stories interpreting the grave, masculine character of the moorland folk of Cornwall, though they aim rather at artistic and spiritual effect than at realism ; e.g. The Man in the Room. [3s. 6d. n.. Lane : o.p.] A Man of Moods. 1896 Inspired by the flower-fields of Scilly. A literary man marries a native ; they disagree, and he returns to London, but the charm of the place and the folk draws him back. [6s.. Sands : o.p.] "Lyall, Edna" [Ada Ellen Bayly; 1857-1903]. Donovan: a Modem English- man. 1882 We Two [sequel]. 1884 A study of a supposed agnostic, who is estranged from religion by adversity rather than dis- belief. Without touching on the real problems of agnosticism, the writer, in the course of a long domestic narrative of this young man's misfortunes and love affairs, shows how his innate goodness keeps him straight and leads him eventually by the help of his wife to the Christian fold. Luke Raeburn is to some extent a reflection of Bradlaugh. [Ea. 3s. 6d., Hurst ; $1, 50c., Appleton, New York.] In the Golden Days. 1885 Chiefly concerned with the home life of Algernon Sydney at Knole Park in " good King Charles's golden days" (c. 1682). [3s. 6d., Hurst & Blackett ; ?i, 50c., Appleton, New York.] — Won by Waiting. 1886 [3s. 6d., Hurst ; $1, 50c., Appleton, New York.] - Knight Errant. 1888 Sentimental idealism — the hero sacrifices love and happiness in order to secure his sister's honour and prosperity. Contains a good deal that will interest musical people. [3s. 6d., Hurst & Blackett ; $1, 50c., Appleton, New York.] - Derrick Vaughan, Novelist. 1889 A similar idealistic portrait of character, with much self-revelation of the authoress in Derrick's aspirations and disappointments. He is a very perfect character, loyal, brave, and true, sacrificing himself with no hope of return. [3s. 6d., Methuen ; 25c., Appleton, New York.] To Right the Wrong. 1893 Labours to achieve a sympathetic but temperate portrayal of John Hampden and his career (1642-3). [3s. 6d., Hurst & Blackett ; $1.50, Harper, New York.] Hope the Hermit. 1898 A love-story of Borrowdale, Cumberland, concerned with Jacobite plots in the reign of William III (c. 1689). [6s. (?i.5o), Longman.] In Spite of All. 1901 Falkland, Laud, etc. (1640-5). [3s. 6d., Hurst & Blackett ; $1.50, Longman, New York.] Doreen : the Story of a Singer. 1902 An Irish nationalist novel. Doreen, the daughter of a Fenian, helps the cause of Home Rule by her singing. Michael Davitt appears as Donal Grant. [6s. ($1.50), Longman.] 132 NINETEENTH CENTURY, LAST QUARTER McCarthy, Justin. [1830-1911]. The Waterdale Neighbours. 1867 A novel of character — the contrasted life-story of two men, one a manly and upright worker, the other a poUtical turncoat, a Chartist who joins the Tories for the sake of personal success and, when ruin stares him in the face, commits an act of treachery that is quickly followed by retribution. [2s. 6d., 2s., Chatto.] A Fair Saxon. 1873 The fair Saxon's lover is an Irish M.P., whose chivalry leads him into embarrassing entangle- ments with the Fenians, and brings his political career to an abrupt close. Dashing and incisive sketches of men and women, often satirical. [2s. 6d., 2s., Chatto.] Dear Lady Disdain. 1875 " A free, friendly, half-boyish sort of nature, which seemed to turn with impatience and even contempt from sentimeutalisms and love-making " — such is the heroine, and there are other fresh and attractive characters, as well as sundry eccentrics. The plot moves on with little compUcation to the 'happy conclusion. [2s. 6d., 2s., Chatto.] ■ Miss Misanthrope. 1878 Donna Quixote. 1879 Maid of Athens. 1883 [Each 3s. 6d., Chatto.] Mononia. 1901 The attempted rising of 1848 in a town in Munster (? Cork) worked into a happy love-story. A Nationalist version of the events ; but fair. [6s., Chatto.] MacDonald, George [1824-1905]. Phantastes: a Faerie Romance. 1858 A fairy-tale for grown-up people which, Uke Meredith's almost contemporary Shagpat, teaches a noble lesson of valour and self-control. Full of poetry both in verse and prose, it uses many of the old properties of fairyland, and shows a fecund and novel imagination. [Illustrated by John Bell, 3s. 6d., Chatto.] David Elginbrod. 1863 Began a series of Aberdeenshire stories, largely in broad Saxon dialect, which later on begat the Kailyard noveUsts, Barrie, Crockett, " Ian Maclaren," etc. It is a story of humble hfe, centring in two saintly personalities, a dignified and pious Scottish peasant and his daughter. A characteristic vein of mysticism runs through the story. [3s. 6d., Hurst & Blackatt ; $1, Burt, New York.] The Portent : a Story of Second Sight. 1864 Excels even Phantastes in a truly Celtic power of evoking illusion. It is the love-tale of two beings whose spiritual natures are connected by a mystical affinity. The tale closes amid tragic hints and forebodings, but the poetical treatment gives it all a strange, unearthly beauty. [The Portent; and other Stories, 3s. 6d., Unwin, 1909.] Alec Forbes of Howglen. 1865 Portrays the inhabitants of an Aberdeenshire village, and contains MacDonald's most charming pictures of boy life. Alec's boyhood, his University life in Glasgow, his temptation and fall, and his final restoration, are a kind of modern Pilgrim's Progress. [3s. 6d., Hurst & Blackett.] Annals of a Quiet Neighbourhood. 1866 Character portraits and studies of conduct chiefly in a Scottish parish, e.g. an amiable parson, epitome of all the virtues, a number of oddities whose talk is very humorous, the various inmates of an ancient hall — the imperious mistress, the dilettante and egotistic musician, the edifying heroine, and the wanton httle sprite Gladys. Ethical and religious interest is paramount, and a spirit of good-will towards men pervades the book, which was the first to bring its author into wide repute. [3s. 6d. ; is. 6d. n., Paul ; 50c., Harper, New York.] 133 ENGLISH FICTION MacDonald, George [continued]. — The Seaboard Parish [sequel\. 1868 History of a long holiday spent by a clergyman and his family on the Cornish coast (Bude). Many incidents ; but the interest centres in the clergyman's talks and conversations, which voice the author's beliefs concerning things in heaven and things on earth. An ideal picture of family happiness and concord. [3s. 6d., is. 5d. n., Paul.] Robert Falconer. 1868 An interesting study of Calvinism and of the growth and manhood of a philanthropist, who puts in action the author's ideas of what should be done. The joys and woes of boyhood are finely sketched ; and the musical soutar, Dooble Sammie, with his love for his old fiddle, and the Calvinistic grandmother, brimming over with affection which she thinks it her duty to repress, are touching figures ; the latter a portrait of MacDonald's own grandmother. [3s. 6d., Hurst & Blackett.] At the Back of the North Wind. [juvenile] 1870 The Princess and the Goblin. [juvenile] 1871 The Light Princess. [juvenile] Delicate and fanciful stories for children — lighter essays in the style of Phantastes, full of the same glamour and the same ethical teaching, [(i) Illustrated by Arthur Hughes, 3s. 6d., Blackie ; ?r, Burt, New York. (2) Illustrated hj 'Helen. Stratton,|3s. 6d., Blackie ; 75c., Burt, New York. (3) 2s., Blackie ; $1.75, Putnam, New York.] Malcolm. 1875 The Marquis of Lossie [sequel]. 1877 The life-history of a boy, the heir to an earldom, who, stolen in infancy, was adopted son by a Highland piper and brought up to be a fisherman. [Each 3s. 6d., is. 6d. n., Paul.] St. George and St. Michael. 1876 Love-tale of Puritan and Royalist (c. 1645). Hero the Earl of Glamorgan, who is represented as the King's scapegoat in the affair of the intrigues for bringing over an Irish army. The Marquis of Worcester prominent among the men and women from both sides. [3s. 6d., IS. 6d. n., Paul.] Thomas Wingfold, Curate. 1876 Traces the conversion of a clergyman from mere professional lip-service to a hearty and genuine faith in God. Interwoven is the story of a youth who accidentally kills a heartless girl to whom he is strongly attached. He is led to repentance and peace by the Curate's influence. [3s. 6d., is. 6d. n., Paul.] Paul Faber, Surgeon. 1879 In some sort a sequel to Thomas Wingfold. How a doctor, devoted to his profession and eager in the service of humanity, is led by painful experience, sorrow, and love for his neighbour to a belief in God. English Nonconformity is depicted in far from attractive colours. [3s. 6d., is. 6d. n., Paul ; $1, 50c., Lippincott, Philadelphia.] — Sir Gibbie. 1879 Spiritual history of a Christ-hke character, and sketches of more than one person to whom the unseen is more real than the seen. [3s. 6d., Hurst & Blackett ; §1, Burt, New York.] — Castle Warlock: a Homely Romance. 1882 Annals of a God-fearing family, whose piety and otherworldliness bring them near to ruin, from which they are saved by the discovery of an ancestral hoard. [3s. 6d., is. 6d. n., Paul; $1.25, Lothrop, Boston.] 134 NINETEENTH CENTURY, LAST QUARTER MacDonald, George {continued). — ^Donal Grant. 1884 Portrays another of these men of lowly Ufe who influence their neighbours for good, a noble, unselfish being, who wears religion as a familiar everyday garment. There is a little too much of the conventional plot-novel in the mysterious and sensational elements of the story. [3s. 6d., is. 6d. n., Paul; $1.25, Lothrop, Boston.] What's Mine's Mine. 1886 The story of an exiled chief and his brother, forced to sell their lands and emigrate with the remnant of the clan. Their influence for good on two English girls, daughters of their supplanter, and the contrast of their broad views of God's fatherhood with the stern Calvinism of their mother are leading motives, [is. 6d. n., Paul ; $1.25, Lothrop, Boston.] Heather and Snow. 1893 Another romance of Aberdeen.shire, with dialogue in the usual " broad Saxon." An athletic and religious peasant girl, her brother, half-witted but spiritually strong, the hero and his unpleasant mother are the more prominent characters. [3s. 6d., 2S., Chatto ; $1.25, Harper, New York.] "Maclaren, Ian" [Rev. John Watson; 1850-1907]. Beside the Bonnie Brier Bush. 1894 A typical production of the Kailyard school of novelists (fee Gait, Bariie, MacDonald, etc.). Sketches and stories of a Scottish village (Drunitochty), realistic in the minute delineation of manners and idiosyncrasies. Domsie is an old-fashioned dominie, a scholar, and a pattern of self-sacrifice ; A Doctor of the Old School, a still more exalted example of patient altruism. Theology is a favourite motive, village connoisseurs of doctrinal points contributing largely to the comedy ; and the pathos of family relations is, of course, a very pervasive feature. [3s. 6d., IS. n., Hodder; $1.50, Dodd & Mead, New York; Edition de Luxe, 25s., 4to, Hodder.] The Days of Auld Langsyne. 1895 More idylls of Drumtochty, not quite so spontaneous. A Triumph in Diplomacy illustrates Scottish canniness, and the indigenous qualities of piety, family affection, and external impassivity. Pathos is much sought after, and death-bed scenes are frequent, though it is the faith and hope and the fortitude and love rather than the suffering that are dwelt on. Burnbrae, Drumsheugh, Jamie Soutar, and others are on their way to become house- hold names in Scottish fiction. [3s. 6d., is. n., Hodder ; f 1.25, Dodd & Mead, New York.] Kate Carnegie and those Ministers. 1896 Character sketches and anecdotes loosely connected^ The most original yet a thoroughly representative figure is Rabbi Saunderson, a man of colossal learning, but childlike in his simple faith and unselfishness. The chapter which tells how the gentle old man was urged by conscience to prosecute his beloved friend, Kate's lover, for heterodox preaching, is typical of this sentimental school. [3s. 6d., Hodder; $1.50, Dodd & Mead, New York.] Afterwards ; and other Stories. 1898 Fourteen stories, chiefly sentimental and pathetic, a few humorous. Afterwards relates how an easy-going, selfish husband reahzes with tragic suddenness on the death of his neglected wife " that Christ had lived with him for more than ten years, and his eyes had been holden." One or two deal with Drumtochty folk again, as in the death of the old school- master Domsie ; but the author has gone farther afield than usual. His habit of embodying sermons in stories has grown upon him. [3s. 6d., is. n., Hodder ; $1.50, Dodd & Mead, New York.] Young Barbarians. igoi A school-story located in a Tayside village, probably made up of recollections of the author's own boyhood. Rough and hearty good-humour and plenty of farcical fun are the leaven of these scenes of mischief and practical jocularity, stand-up fights and life in school. The two principal characters are an impish lad, " Speug," and a not unkindly school- master, " Bulldog," who believes in the stick. [6s., 2s. n., Hodder ; $1.50, Dodd & Mead, New York.] 13s ENGLISH FICTION "Maclaren, Ian" (continued). — Graham of Claverhouse. 1908 A life of Dundee thrown into the shape of a novel, with character-drawing of those around him. Said by the Saturday Review to be Ian Maclaren's best work, and very fair to both parties. [6s., Murray ; 50c., Cupples & Leon, New York.] Marshall, Emma [nee Martin; 1830-99]. In Colston's Days: a Story of Old Bristol. [juvenile] 1883 The story of Edward Colston (1636-1720), the philanthropist, and descriptions of old Bristol in the time of the Great Rebellion ; like the rest of the writer's novels, a quiet story con- veying moral and religious truths in a form acceptable to young people. [5s., Seeley.] In the East Country with Sir Thomas Browne. [juvenile] 1884 [5s., Seeley ; Si. 25, Button, New York.] Under the Mendips. [juvenile] 1885 The Bristol Riots {1831). [5s., Seeley.] On the Banks of the Ouse. [juvenile] 1887 Life at Olney (c. 1767-87) ; the poet Cowper and his friend John Newton, Vicar of Olney. [5s., Seeley.] — Bristol Diamonds. [juvenile] 1888 Bristol at the end of the eighteenth century ; the quaint manners, the minuets, pump-rooms, etc. Hannah More is introduced, [is., Seeley.] — Alma. 1888 The story of a little music-mistress. More nearly an orthodox novel than most of the author's other writings. [3s. 6d., Sonnenscheiu.] — Under Salisbury Spire. [juvenile] 1889 A tender and conscientious study of the life and times of the saintly divine and poet George Herbert (1593-1633), the subject of one of Isaac Walton's Lives. [5s., Seeley.] — Winchester Meads. [juvenile] 1890 A study of the staunch and saintly Bishop Ken (1637-1711) ; full of local charm, particularly for old Wykehamists. [5s., Seeley.] — Winifrede's Journal. [juvenile] 1892 Times of Charles I (1637-56) ; the heroine shares the fortunes of the saintly Bishop HaU of Exeter and Norwich. [5s., Seeley ; 50c., Macmillan, New York.] — In the Service of Rachel, Lady Russell. [juvenile] 1892 The unfortunate William, Lord Russell's home Ufe, his plots and execution (1682-94). [S^-. Seeley.] — Penshurst Castle. [juvenile] 1893 The domestic life of Sir Philip Sidney and of the manners of Elizabeth's reign (1581-90). [5s., Seeley.] - — The White King's Daughter. [juvenile] 1895 Civil War times, the Princess Elizabeth, Carisbrooke. [3s. 6d., Seeley] — The Master of the Musicians. [juvenile] 1895 Life and times of Handel (1742-59). [5s., Seeley.] — Kensington Palace in the Days of Queen Mary II. [juvenile] 1895 A study of Queen Mary's character, based on recent researches and memoirs ; largely an apology for her alleged indifference to the cause of her father, the dethroned king, James II. Includes the pathetic story of her little son, the Duke of Gloucester (1696). [5s., Seeley.] 136 NINETEENTH CENTURY, LAST QUARTER Marshall, Emma (continued). — ^By the North Sea. [juvenile] 1896 Cromwell's granddaughter (1694-1729). [3s. 6d., Jarrold ; Si. 25, Whittaker, New York.] A Haunt of Ancient Peace : Memories of Mr. Nicholas Ferrar's house at Little Gidding, and of his friends, Dr. Donne and Mr. George Herbert. [juvenile] 1897 A visit to this pious hermitage in the time of the Great Civil War is recorded in J. H. Short- house's John Inglesant. [5s., Seeley.] In the Choir of Westminster Abbey. [juvenile] 1897 The famous composer Henry Purcell (1658-95) and the beautiful actress Mrs. Bracegirdle are the central figures. [5s., Seeley.] — — Castle Meadow : a Story of Norwich a hundred years ago. [juvenile] 1897 The two characters round whom the story is written are the musical prodigy WilUam Crotch (1775-1847) and the painter Old Crome (1768-1821). [3s. 6d., Seeley.] The Young Queen of Hearts. [juvenile] 1898 The Princess Elizabeth and her brother, Henry Prince of Wales, the ill-fated prince who died before he came to the throne in succession to his father, James I ; scenes, largely. Combe Abbey, in Warwickshire, and Coventry (1602-13). [3s. 6d., Seeley.] — Under the Dome of St. Paul's. [juvenile] 1898 The later years of Sir Christopher Wren (1709-23). [5s., Seeley.] The Parson's Daughter : Her early Recollections and how Romney painted her. [juvenile] 1899 Illustrated by portraits after Gainsborough and George Romney, the originals of which are the subjects of a quiet domestic tale (1790— 1811). [5s., Seeley.] Mathers, Helen [Mrs. Henry Reeves; b. 1853]. Comin' thro' the Rye. 1875 Abounds in romping comedy, not only in the account of the heroine's tomboy girlhood. Her love-story, with its crosses and perils, is tragic. A fair specimen of a numerous issue of sentimental novels by this writer. [6s., Macmillan, o.p. ; 30c., Appleton, New York.] Meredith, George [1828-1909]. The Shaving of Shagpat : an Arabian Enter- tainment. 1856 A burlesque of the Oriental story mingUng humorous extravaganza with sheer poetry, and convejring a Meredithian lesson in practical ethics. Imagination often takes wing in flights of irregular verse, and the wisdom expresses itself in rhymed aphorisms with an Oriental ring. George Eliot reviewed the book, and compared its exuberant imagery to that of the Aydbian Nights. The Ordeal of Richard Feverel. 1856 Meredith's novels combine the scientific analysis and philosophical criticism which were carried to such a pitch by George Eliot with the free imagination and passionate intensity brought into EngUsh fiction by the Brontes. His novels must, further, be studied in the light of his great Essay on Comedy, for the Comic Spirit hovers over even the most poetic and the most profoundly tragic situations. Richard Feverel and its immediate successor are the best introduction to Meredith, being easy to read, alive with human interest, and rich in his finest qualities, with few of the mannerisms and obscurities that baffle readers of his later works. An egoistic father brings up his son on an abstract system of education, which breaks down when Richard arrives at the threshold of manhood and falls in love. Here is the ordeal. The comedy of life ends in tragedy the most heart-rending. The characters are many and various: the Meredithian hero Richard, the innocent and noble Lucy, the cynic Adrian whose witticisms express one phase of the satire, the philosophic father and the aphorisms of the Pilgrim's Scrip which express another side, chivalrous Austin Wentworth, the bewitching demi-mondaine Mrs. Mount, and Meredith's finest low- comedy figure, the lodging-house keeper, Mrs. Berry. The lyricism of the love chapters reaches levels hardly attained since Romeo and Juliet. 137 ENGLISH FICTION Meredith, George [continued). — Evan Harrington. i85i The son of a fasliionable tailor, brought up in aristocratic tastes and associations, suddenly finds himself saddled with the responsibility of his father's debts. On one side is duty, on the other his love for a well-bom maiden. How Evan comes through the ordeal, happily, yet without abjuring his manhood, is the main business of a sustained comedy in which the subtle conflict of class prejudice is developed with infinite humour. Evan and Rose Jocelyn, his father the Great Mel and his austere mother, the two Cogglesbys, and the fascinating and unscrupulous Countess de Saldar are each in their way thoroughly Meredithian creations. It is now known that the book is largely autobiographical, paiticularly in the more important character- drawing. Sandra Belloni. 1864 Vittoria [sequel]. 1866 Two novels comprising the life-story of a noble Italian, a woman of genius. The former deals with the comedy of English society, the domestic life of a parvenu family, and Sandra's unprosperous love for a young man who is Mr. Meredith's type of the " sentimentalist," a favourite object of his satire. The book is indeed largely a diagnosis of sentimentalism which, beside the pseudo-hero, is represented by a set of finely graduated persons, such as the Miss Poles, who typify the Fine Shades and the Nice Feelings, Sir Purcell Barrett, who dies for an impossible ideal, and the nobler sentimentalists, Merthyr Powys and Georgiana Ford. Over against these are the real people : Sandra, who is simplicity, passion, and genius incarnate, Pericles, vulgar Mr. Pole, and the still more vulgar Mrs. Chump, who remind one superficially of Dickens, but are nearer akin to Shakespearian comedy. The public career of Sandra, now the great singer Vittoria, transports us to Italy ; and soon we are immersed in the riots and battles of the abortive insurrection of 1848. The whole history of the rising, from the preliminary conspiracies to the final collapse, is told with an epical enthusiasm for liberty, but with impartial consideration for the views and motives of both sides. Some thirty important characters appear, types of the Italian leaders and agitators, Austrian officers and English sympathizers, and the tragedy of sentimentalism is carried to its bitter close in the after life of Wilfrid Pole. Rhoda Fleming. 1865 A simple, intensely dramatic story of middle-class people : the heroine daughter of a yeoman, the hero a farmer. In the rustic scenes, farmers and their women-folk, pot-house company and overfed labourers, furnish plenty of low comedy. But the main action is serious, culminating in scenes of heartfelt tragedy, even though the dramatic stress is alleviated at the end. Rhoda, a simple, heroic nature, devotes her all to saving her sister, betrayed and deserted by a false lover, who repents, but too late. The characters are multifarious, ranging from Father Gammon, the stolid, stupid hind, and old Anthony Hackbut, haunted by the money-demon, to the vivacious Anglo-Indian widow Mrs. Lovel, an enigmatic mixture of evil and good. The Adventures of Harry Richmond. 1871 A typical example of Meredith's poetic comedy: incidents and characters, though! n nature and grouping often wildly romantic, are justified by the psychology. A kaleidoscopic story — changing from country to town, from England to Germany — the personages equally multifarious — obstinate Squire Beltham, the fascinating and erratic pretender Richmond Roy, Harry's princess love Ottilia, a goddess of earth, sober and womanly EngUsh Janet, Kiomi the gipsy maiden, an English Carmen, and many another character quickened with intense individuality. Peculiarly rich in imaginative descriptions of country and town, of sea and forest, both in England and on the Continent. — — Beauchamp's Career. 1876 Beauchamp, the Radical, studied from Captain (afterwards Admiral) Maxse, a dear friend of Meredijh, is a chivalrous and impetuous champion of the oppressed ; and his history gives a broad view of the pohtics of mid-century England in the light of Carlyle's teaching. Entwined with the comedy of politics is the comedy of love set forth in the emotional history of Beauchamp, who is successively enamoured of three women, French Renee, the English gentlewoman Ceciha, and the sage and loyal Jenny. Beside these three studies of feminine character, the still more subtle one of Rosamund CuUing holds a prominent place among the numerous figures. The hero's fate, emblematic of his " rocket- mind," is untimely and tragic. The descriptive passages are magnificent, moments of exalted feeling fused indissolubly with some vision of beauty. 138 NINETEENTH CENTURY, LAST QUARTER Meredith, George {continued). — ^The Egoist : a Comedy in Narrative. 1879 Contains little of the romance or the poetry of Richard Feverel, Harry Richmond, and Beau- champ's Career ; it is the finest example of Meredith's realism and analytical power. A psychological comedy, mercilessly laying bare the soul of a spoiled child of fortune, outwardly a pattern of conventional virtue, inwardly a thrall to selfishness ; tragical in its exposure of the secret egoism that is in all men. In many ways this novel typifies the author's idiosyncrasies, the dramatic structure of his plots, his satire — of John Bull, of the masculine regime and the sultanic treatment of women — the wit and subtlety of his dialogue, and the profoundly philosophical purpose of his art. Clara Middleton, whose engagement to the hero and its rupture are the pith of the story, is a charming per- sonification of his refined ideas of women ; and the genial epicure, her father, the boy Crossjay, and Vernon Whitford (said to be a sketch of Leslie Stephen) are all intensely Meredithian creations. The novel is very long, the time of the action very brief, each act in the drama being developed with huge elaboration. The Tragic Comedians : a Study in a Well-known Story. 1880 An episode of actual history, interpreted imaginatively and cast into a form like Greek tragedy with dialogue and chorus, but not departing in any vital point from fact — the fatal love story of Ferdinand Lassalle (1825-64). Alvan and Clotilde are a pair of characteristic figures, the former a powerful and predominant nature, whose egoistic conception of love and woman betrays him to his death. Diana of the Crossways. 1885 The story of a woman of genius, suggested in its main lines by the career of the Hon. Carohne Norton, though the famous episode of the selling of the Cabinet secret is not authentic The dialogue, more particularly Diana's talk, is witty and coruscating even for Meredith, and the prologue is a choice specimen of the hard reading he offers. The heroine's love troubles from the disaster of her first marriage to her congenial and happy union with the strong and sensitive Red worth, her Uterary career, and the vicissitudes of her legal troubles, make a chequered story. One of our Conquerors. 1891 Meredith's more cryptic, subtle, and elusive style of thought and writing here takes its full fling. The story of a millionaire of vast i,deas and unconquerable energy, who began his career by marrying a rich old widow. From her he ran away with her young companion. Every- thing prospers with him, though he can never get into Society. Their daughter, kept in ignorance, he seeks to marry to an embryo earl. His schemes end in catastrophe, but the daughter, a picture of what woman will be, marries where she has given her heart. Full of thought, humour, and criticism of our present conditions of life. Lord Ormont and his Aminta. 1894 Even more drastic in its handling of the marriage question, and, unlike the last novel, revolu- tionary. The old lord, a man who has not " rounded Seraglio Point," drives his wife into the arms of her lover, the loyal and practical Weybum. Hero and heroine strive against a passion that infringes human, but not, the author pleads, divine law. The old story of Lord Peterborough and Anastasia Robinson is said to have suggested the plot. The Tale of Chloe ; and other Stories. 1895 Chloe is a brief, tense drama ending in a great act of self-immolation ; scene, Bath in the eighteenth century, in the brilliant world of beaux and fine ladies caustically depicted in Smollett's Humphry Clinker. Farina, written about the same period as Shagpat, is a burlesque-romance in the German fashion, embodying a legend of Cologne in the twelfth century. , Knights and robber-barons, burghers and maidens, saints, fairies, and devils make a strange medley of characters. General Ogle and Lady Camper is a little social comedy, quite in his own vein ; and The House on the Beach, a humorous tale of more homely people, written when Meredith was under the influence of Dickens. The Amazing Marriage. 1895 Like One oj our Conquerors, an unorthodox treatment of a marriage problem, and quite as difficult to read. Carinthia, " the Whitechapel Countess," one of the noblest of his tragic figures, is married precipitately and then neglected by a cynical young earl, whose remorse and unavailing efforts to win her back make a sardonic comedy. Woodseer 139 ENGLISH FICTION is said to be a sketch of R. L. Stevenson; he is the customary sayer of epigrams. The book is rich in word-landscapes of Alpine scenery, etc. [Ea. 6s., Constable; $1.50, Scribner, New York; Cheap Edn., 2S. 6d. n., Constable.] Meredith, George (continued). — Celt and Saxon. 1910 Meredith's posthumous novel, unfinished, though it runs to three hundred pages. Contrasts John Bull and the Celtic temperament. His Irish mouthpieces give scope for Meredith's characteristic poetry. In fact, the novel is thoroughly characteristic of his manner, though the course of the story is unfortunately an insoluble problem. [6s^, Constable ; $1.50, Scribner, New York.] " Merriman, Henry Seton " [Hugh Stowel Scott ; 1863-1903]. With Edged Tools. 1894 The pair of heroes, both in love with the same girl, go to Africa, the west coast and the interior, meet with extraordinary adventures and win huge fortunes. Epigrams and smart sapngs enliven the narrative. [2s. 6d., 2s., Smith & Elder ; $1.25, Harper, New York.] The Sowers. 1896 A workmanlike novel, utilizing Russian conditions — the gulf between the aristocracy and the people, the exactions of foreign agents, and the plots of reformers — for sensational effect. [6s., Smith & Elder ; $1.25, Harper, New York.] Flotsam: the Study of a Life. 1896 Brings in the siege of Dellli. [6s. ($1.25), Longman.] In Kedar's Tents. 1897 Adventures of an Irishman in the Spanish service fighting the Carlists, and the inner history of a desperate plot to kill the Queen-Regent (1838-40). Sketches of typical Spaniards, of manners and customs, and of scenery. The style enlivened with epigrams and smart sayings. [6s., Smith & Elder ; |i. 25, Dodd & Mead, New York.] Roden's Corner. 1898 The history of a huge commercial plot, with descriptions of industrial life ; coloured by indignation against trusts and monopolies and modern forms of organized charity. [6s., Smith & Elder ; $1.75, Harper, New York.] — — The Isle of Unrest. 1899 A complicated romance of Corsica in 1868—70. An old-established family feud, an heiress's love for a young officer called out by the German War, and the intrigues of a French commandant to possess himself of gold existing on the family estates. [6s., Smith & Elder ; ?i.50, Dodd & Mead, New York.] The Velvet Glove. 1901 Spain under Marshal Prim, in the turmoil of Carlist agitation (1870). Opens at Saragossa with the assassination of a wealthy nobleman. The plots and counterplots to get his fortune into Jesuit hands for the service of Don Carlos, and on the other side to secure it for his daughter, make exciting reading, and some fine types of Spanish gentlemen and others are developed. [6s., Smith & Elder ; $1.50, Dodd & Mead, New York.] The Vultures. 1902 History of a plot of Russian Nihilists and insurgent Poles at Warsaw. The Vultures are secret agents of foreign governments, of whom three, the strong Englishman Cartoner, the witty and volatile Frenchman Deulin, and the humorous American Mangles, with his sister Joolz, the platform woman, are striking and amusing characters. Opens with an account of Alexander II's assassination in 1881. [6s., Smith & Elder.] — Barlasch of the Guard. 1903 Side-scenes of Napoleon's Russian campaign (1812) — the spy system that made Europe a network of intrigue ; the plots of imigfis and Prussian nationalists ; adventures of private soldiers, like Barlasch, the devoted, war-worn soldier of the Guard. Describes the gallant defence of Dantzig by Rapp. [6s., Smith & Elder ; $1.50, P. McClure, New York.] 140 NINETEENTH CENTURY, LAST QUARTER " Merriman, Henry Seton " (continued). — The Last Hope. 1904 story of a mythical son of the murdered Dauphin (Louis XVII) who is supposed to have escaped from the Temple. The young man, mate of a small vessel, is sought out in his humble home in a Suffolk fishing village, and made the pivot of a Royalist plot. The one striking character is a certain Anglo-Parisian banker. Scenes, England and France in 1849-50. f6s.. Smith & Elder.l Tomaso's Fortune ; and other Stories. 1904 Nineteen in all, from many parts of the world ; originally magazine contributions — tense little bits of drama, strong characters simply outlined and simple plots unfolded with skilful handling of the climax. Tomaso's Fortune is a Balearic idyll ; The Mule takes us under Spanish sierras ; Stranded presents a manly figure of an Atlantic captain who makes the one mistake of his life and wrecks his boat ; Tiie Wanderini^ Jew is a terror- striking glimpse of cholera in a remote station in India. [6s., Smith & Elder.] Montgomery, Florence [b. 1843]. Misunderstood. 1870 Probably the best of Miss Montgomery's long series of child-novels (written rather for older people but mostly readable by children too) is this touching story, in which she studies and criticizes the education of children in the case of two motherless boys neglected by their father. One of the brothers, misunderstood by father and governess, grows lawless in pure innocence, his innate nobleness leading him astray. [6s. ($1.75), Macmillan.l Thrown Together. 1872 A sensitive girl, unappreciated by her parents, and a petted boy are thrown together ; and their mutual influence is not only good for them, but brings their respective parents to a better understanding of their children's dispositions and their own responsibilities. [6s.. Macmillan.] Transformed. 1886 [6s., Macmillan.] Prejudged. 1900 A love-idyll in a French -pension, an English girl falling in love with a mysterious young man, towards whom at first she had conceived an instinctive antipathy. [6s., Macmillan.] An Unshared Secret ; and other Stories. 1903 [6s., Macmillan.] Morris, WilUam [1834-96]. The Dream of John Ball. 1888 An idyll made out of historical materials, i.e. the facts of the Kentish Rising in the reign of Richard II (1381), expressing Morris's ideals of social regeneration in the life and deeds of men of that age who were striving to enlighten and amend the lot of their fellows. [2s. n. ($1), Longman.] A Tale of the House of the Wolfings and all Kindreds of the Mark ; written in prose and in verse. 1889 The Roots of the Mountains. 1890 First a story of the Goths in their tribal period (fourth century, a.d.), when they were fighting the Romans. Scene, the Mark, a clearing in the great forests somewhere in the Danube region. There is a mythic breadth about the conception of the story, and the prose style is modelled on the severe, simple, and antique st5'le of the Sagas. It is the same with the other story of the Goths. The Roots of the Mountains, which is laid in a subsequent age, the epoch of village communities ; this has less of the primeval grandeur and more of the softer j side of romanticism, [(i) 6s. (§2), Longman ; (2) 8s. ($2.50), Longman.] — ; — The Story of the Glittering Plain. 1890 I'Time and place quite indefinite. A fanciful story, like most of those that follow, pouring '' out the riches of Morris's exuberant fancy, his delight in the beauty of mediaeval art, and longings for that " shadowj' isle of bliss," that golden era which he was striving toward more practically in his Socialist preaching and artistic reforms. [5s. n. {$2), Longman.] 141 ENGLISH FICTION Morris, William [continued). — News from Nowhere ; or, An Epoch of Rest : Being some chapters from a Utopian Romance. 1891 Formulates the same gospel in clearer terms. A Socialist-artist's dream of the future, painting in rich hues the dress, furniture, and all the accompaniments of everyday life as they might be were commercialism destroyed and the love of art universal, [is. 6d. (60 c), Longman.] The Wood Beyond the World. 1895 Pure romance as it might have been written by Malory, whose style Morris constantly echoes, as he does the rambling scheme and glamorous incidents of the chivalric lays. The wanderings and encounters of a young hero with beings of supernatural strength in a wondrous unknown land. [6s. n. ($2.50), Longman.] — The Well at the World's End. 1896 The longest and most elaborate of these imaginative stories or prose poems, brimful of mar- vellous incident, enchanted landscapes, and the atmosphere of fairyland. [2 vols., 28s. ($7.50), Longman.] — The Water of the Wondrous Isles. 1897 [7s. 6d. ($2.50), Longman.] The Sundering Flood. 1898 Similar romances, both posthumous. A delight in strangeness, in sensuous beauty, and a luxuriant imagination, combined with a curious realism, are the salient traits of these essays in mediasval romance. [7s. 6d. ($2.25), Longman.] Murray, David Christie [1847-1907]. A Life's Atonement. 1880 A gloomy story, told partly as autobiography. The hero, on the point of seeing his ambition fulfilled, being in difficulties with a money-lender and urged by necessity and luck, robs a stranger, and by misadventure kills him. Thereupon begins his life's atonement : he works as a dock labourer in London, and is not recognized as author of the crime till on his death-bed. [3s. 6d., 2s., Chatto.] Joseph's Coat. 1881 A young fellow is compelled by circumstances to leave his wife, whom he married secretly, and to pass off their child as some one else's. On this foundation a complicated plot is based, exemplifying the law of nemesis and bringing happiness to innocent sufierers. [3s. 6d., 2s., Chatto.] Aunt Rachel : a Rustic Sentimental Comedy. 1886 A village idyll of Staflordshire, in which the players in the local band perform a humorous part. r3S. 6d., Macmillan : o.p.] Old Blazer's Hero. 1887 The characters and doings of a mine surveyor and his rival : Old Blazer is a mine. The hero is one of those seemingly commonplace characters who on occasion rise to heights of heroism ; the rival is a selfish, handsome, engaging scamp. [3s. 6d., 2s., Chatto.] — A Dangerous Catspaw. 1889 The dire temptation that leads an impecunious young barrister into crime, a clever rascal's nearly successful plot to secure him and his booty, and the counterplottings of a detective share the interest with a quiet love-story. [6s., Longman : o.p.] — He Fell among Thieves. 1891 A sensational story with realistic studies of the ornamental, highly polished West End tradespeople. [3s. 6d., Macmillan : o.p.] — The Martyred Fool. 1895 A pathetic story with some sensational episodes — the conversion, the brief career, and the disillusionment and death of an Anarchist; partly enacted in South Australia. r2s. 6d., Smith & Elder.] 142 NINETEENTH CENTURY, LAST QUARTER Murray, David Christie {contintied). — A Capful of Nails. 1897 Industrial life — the martyrdom of a nail-maker fighting for his fellow-workers. [3s. 6d., 2S., Chattel A Race for Millions. 1898 Adventure in quest of a treasure hid in a cave beyond Klondyke : chief actors, a detective and the young woman who helps him. [3s. 6d., Chatto.] The Church of Humanity. 1901 Story of an habitual drunkard, whom a hypnotist reforms, and who thereupon turns Revivalist preacher. The most original episode is his murder of his bad wife in a fit of religious mania. [3s. 6d., Chatto.] Despair's Last Journey. 1901 A very serious novel. A Scotchman, who has had a rough career, and passed through bitter ordeals of sin and despair, repentant and finding peace in a log-cabin in the Rockies, reviews his life. [65., Chatto.] Noel, Lady Augusta. Owen Gwynne's Great Work. 1875 The " great work " is a history on which a middle-aged scholar is engaged, urged on by his ambitious wife ; and the sacrifices it entails make its accidental destruction by no means a calamity. They are a pathetic pair of self-deceivers, and their son's character mingles fine traits with an unamiable sternness. [6s., Macmillan : o.p.l Oliphant, Margaret Oliphant [nee Wilson ; 1828-97]. Passages in the Life of Mistress Margaret Maitland. 1849 Lilliesleaf [sequel]. 1856 An old-world picture of Scottish character and manners, much in the style of Gait, but more refined and tender. The mystery and suspense attaching to Anne Ross's endeavours to clear her brother's good name form a strong interest. Warmly praised by such a severe critic as Jeffery. [Ea. 2s., Ward & Lock.] Magdalen Hepburn. 1854 A semi-historical tale that brings in John Knox (1547-60). [2s., Ward & Lock.] Katie Stewart : a True Story. 1856 A romantic story of Fifeshire {c. 1735-60), connected with events of the '45, but not historical, though the Young Chevalier is introduced. [3s. 6d., 2s. 6d., Blackwood.] Salem Chapel. 1863 Mrs. Oliphant's Carlingford novels stand out, like TiroUope's Barchester series, high above the very numerous and unequal tale of her books. This is the first of the set. Depicts a Nonconformist " connection " in the little English town of Carlingford, where the hero, a clever and ambitious student, has just arrived from college as minister. His advanced views almost end in a schism, and the history of his struggle with the congregation is fertile in comedy. Mixed up with this portion of the plot is a melodramatic story. Rich in character-drawing — Tozer, the deacon, with his vulgarity and ignorance conjoined with thorough manliness and liberality of mind ; the pettifogging trustees and their vulgar, match-making womankind, intent on their social squabbles and jealousies ; and the hero's mother, a character of a higher type. [With The Doctor's Family, 3s. 6d., Blackwood.] The Rector ; and the Doctor's Family. 1863 The Rector, a learned Oxford don, finds his new parish of Carlingford a sphere of life and duty for which he is totally unfit ; and after various experiences, which to the reader are very humorous, he gives up the living and returns to his college. The Doctor is a struggling practitioner, on whose hands is unexpectedly thrown the care of his shiftless brother's wife and family from Australia. He is filled with consternation ; but the wife's sister, a stout-hearted girl, heroically bears the burden of their improvidence and selfishness. The Doctor falls tumultuously in love with her, but she declines to abandon her self-imposed duty. [With The Perpetual Curate, 3s. 6d., Blackwood.] 143 ENGLISH FICTION Oliphant, Margaret Oliphant {continued). — ^The Perpetual Curate. 1864 More of the Carlingford people, characterization being always the main interest — the Curate himself with his long and stubborn fight against circumstances, and the long-awaited marriage which is, after all, but the commencement of new cares ; his brother, who resigns a fat living to join the Roman Church ; their women-folk, especially the two maiden aunts, the convert's silly little wife, and Mrs. Morgan, who suddenly realizes that she has been dwelling in an ideal world, with an imaginary self and a too-perfect husband, whereas the facts are humdrum and conventional, [v. The Rector, supra.] Miss Marjoribanks. 1866 Miss Marjoribanks is the daughter of the hard-headed doctor of Carlingford, whom, on his being left a widower, she thinks it is her duty to console. The doctor does not want to be consoled, and her sentimental attempts are laughably frustrated. Still more fruitful in comedy are her efforts to take the lead in Carlingford Society, and to raise the tone of thought. This young lady ranks with the immortal Tozer as a living figure, to whose creating sympathy and satire have gone in about equal proportions. The whole book is alive with humour. [3s. 6d., Blackwood ; 20c., Munro, New York.] — Phoebe, Junior : the Last Chronicle of Carlingford. 1876 A domestic story ; the fortunes of the younger Phoebe, a granddaughter of the inii^itable Deacon Tozer, and daughter of a dissenting minister whom circumstances have raised in the social scale. A pleasant character, frank and honest, bearing her superiority of education and position with dignity and kindness, and a variety of minor characters, the moneyed contractor and his loutish son, whom Phoebe tames and civilizes. Nonconformists and Church-people, tradesmen and gentry, all depicted with kindly humour. [2s. 6d., Hurst & Blackett.] — Madonna Mary. 1866 A numerous gallery of female characters, drawn with quiet realism ; womankind of all ages, married and single, lovable and the reverse, seen in a domestic milieu into which only one or two not very masculine men are allowed to penetrate. Madonna Mary, quiet and dig- nified, and her tearful and lackadaisical sister, are among the many contrasts afforded. Deep affection between women, petulant jealousy developing with age into crabbed ill- humour, a woman's unspoken love, the widow's schemes for her boys' futures, such are the motives of the story. [2s., Ward & Lock.] — The Minister's Wife. 1869 Landscapes and seascapes from the west of Scotland give colour to this story, and so do the fervid, poetical nature of the dwellers in Lochshire, with the descriptions of the Revival and of the simple religious emotions of the cottars. The focus of interest is Ailie, the beautiful young religious enthusiast ; next come her lover, a rake turned preacher, and Isabel, the minister's wife. Their troubles and sorrows give the story great pathos. [Hurst & Blackett : o.p.] — Ombra. 1872 Ombra is a shadowy creature of contradictions, bewitching, but jealous and ill-tempered, now passionately sincere, now stooping to untruth ; her mother, however, is the striking personality of the book, a subtle mixture of worldliness and goodness, affectionate yet shrewdly reserved ; and Kate Courtenay, the one who attracts our sympathies, is a beautiful, transparent soul, her very faults amiable. [2s., Ward & Lock.] — Whiteladies. • 1875 Has a good deal of Mrs. Oliphant's fine humour. The staid and elderly ruler of Whiteladies, Miss Susan, whose prudence is above suspicion, is almost involuntarily tempted to instigate and abet a fraud in the interests of the family property, and her mingled feelings of remorse and triumph produce a situation at once pathetic and humorous. [2s., Chattel — The Story of Valentine and his Brother. 1875 A romantic story, compounded of the elements of character, with one profoundly moving scene that brings into juxtaposition the extremes of human fate. The grandson of a Scottish peer marries a gipsy vagrant, who vanishes with her twin sons, but after seven years brings Valentine to the home of his kindred, and again disappears. Circumstances and the mystic affinity of blood lead the two together, though unaware of their relationship. [3s. 6d., Blackwood.] 144 NINETEENTH CENTURY, LAST QUARTER Oliphant, Margaret Oliphant [continued). — At his Gates. 1872 A realistic story of City life, irnaricial swindling, and a bank failure. [2s., Tinsley: o.p.] — — The Curate-in-Charge 1876 An idyll of English village life, with some engaging characters. The elderly curate-in-charge is passed over in favour of a younger clergyman ; and his indignant daughter learns to love the usurper. [3s. 6d., Macmillan.] Mrs. Arthur. 1877 A baronet's son marries a good-looking but vulgar and ignorant woman, whose shrewish temper soon divides them utterly. But Mrs. Arthur now tries to improve herself, and manages in the end to win back her husband and ingratiate herself with his family. [3 vols., 31S. 6d., Hurst & Blackett : o.p.] A Beleaguered City : a Story of the Seen and the Unseen. 1878 One of her poetic romances of the spirit world. How the souls of the just came back to the French town of Semur, and put the quick to flight. Brings the unseen world into contact with the living and commonplace by Defoe-like strokes of realism and character-drawing. There is much humour in the portrait of the Mayor, but as a whole the book is a solemn vision, deeply pathetic, and inspired with devout faith. [3s. 6d., Macmillan.] He that Will Not when he May. 1880 As claimant to an estate, the hero's good humour and honesty deserve success, while he executes poetic justice on the perverse and capricious gentleman who is disinherited. Some complications and mystery simply and easily unfolded. [3s. 6d., Macmillan.] In Trust. 1882 Leading situation — an irreproachable young man of the world in love with a girl of rare simplicity of character, and distracted by the fear of making an impecunious marriage or of acting discreditably. [2s. 6d. (60c.), Longman.] — A Little Pilgrim in the Unseen. 1882 A tale of the same imaginative origin as A Beleaguered City : how a simple-minded woman awakes to the life beyond death. Sequel, The Land of Darkness. [2s. 6d., Macmillan : o.p.] — The Ladies Lindores. 1883 A needy gentleman, succeeding to a Scottish peerage, would make his daughters' marriages subserve his social ambitions. He gives the refined Lady Car to the wealthy boor Pat Torrance ; but the younger daughter disappoints his scheme for winning a marquis, and marries her lover. Rich in character (e.g. Old Rolls) ; pathos mingled with the brighter qualities. [3 vols., 25s. 6d., Blackwood : o.p.] — Lady Car [sequel]. 1889 The tragedy of Lady Car's wretched marriage is hardly alleviated, though her brutal husband dies, and she weds her old lover; for the hero she had idealized has grown indolent in middle age, and his lofty enthusiasms have flown, while she has the still bitterer sorrow of watching the sou of Pat Torrance grow up as brutal as his father. [2s. 6d., Longman.] — The Wizard's Son. 1884 Second sight and a haunted castle share interest with the character-drawing. A commonplace young man succeeds to an old estate in Scotland, and thus ordinary modern life is brought into touch with the uncanny. The mystery is explained after the manner of Mrs. Radcliffe. The touching sketch of a mother striving with adversity and disappointment is not without a personal reference to the authoress. The Crofter question comes in.' [3s. 6d., Macmillan.] — Sir Tom. 1884 Sequel to The Greatest Heiress in England. A characteristic portrayal of a gentleman, rather a stupid man, but full of good nature. [3s. 6d., Macmillan.] ENGLISH FICTION Oliphant, Margaret Oliphant {continued). — Joyce. 1888 A romance like Valentine ; the heroine, brought up by peasants, turns out to be the child of rich parents. Her hesitation between a high-born and a low-bom lover, and her peasant's scorn for the elaborate formality of genteel life, make a humorous story. The most satirical among the character-sketches is that of an Anghcan clergyman and his " female accomplice." [3s. 6d., Macmillan : o.p.] The Land of Darkness. 1888 A pendant to her Little Pilgrim. Her conception of Hell — a place of horror and torment, but not utterly hopeless, since faith and resolution can find a way of escape. Contains also On the Dark Mountains and a sequel to the Little Pilgrim. [5s., Macmillan : o.p.] — Neighbours on the Green. 1889 Dinglefield Green is an aristocratic Cranford, inhabited by a little colony whose several stories are told here. Lady Denzil is the pathetic story of the most amiable and dignified of these characters. My Neighbour Nelly is lighter in theme, and The Stockbroker at Dinglewood, though sad in its ending, is mainly a comedy. [3s. 6d., Macmillan.] — The Railway Man and his Children. 1891 A millionaire, risen from the ranks, generous, open-handed, loyal ; his youthful wife, a cultured woman whom he wins late in life ; his bourgeois children, offspring of an earlier marriage ; and other persons rich in idiosyncrasy, are the principals in the story. [3s. 6d., Macmillan.] — The Cuckoo in the Nest. 1892 A baronet's half-imbecUe son marries an inn-keeper's daughter ; he soon dies, but the young woman ingratiates herself with the baronet, and at his death finds herself in possession of the whole estate, to the horror of the local gentry and the dismay of the family. She puts herself right, in the end, by an act of magnanimity. The writer's sympathies are with the heroine, who is no Becky Sharp, but a shrewd, self-reliant, and not ungenerous girl ; and her invasion of genteel society evokes extremely comic scenes. [3s. 6d., Hutchinson.] — Old Mr. Tredgold : a Story of Two Sisters. 1896 A selfish, vulgar, and sordid old man is Mr. Tredgold, and these unpleasant attributes are inherited by one daughter, while the other, a better woman, suffers the reverses of fortune. Characters drawn just as they are, without alleviation or satire, and with no undue regard for poetic justice. [2s. 6d. (I1.50), Longman.] OuiDA " [Mdlle. Marie Louise de la Ramee ; 1839-1908]. Strathmore. 1865 Ouida's novels, it has been well said, " suggest a schoolgirl's dream of the grande passion.'' They portray not real Ufe, but an inexperienced, imaginative, and emotional young lady's idea of what life ought to be. Ouida's feeling for beauty, her tenderness and sympathy for the poor and distressed, are so engaging, and her revelation of the feminine heart is so interesting, that a few of her novels can be read in spite of their glaring faults. In Strath- more the cold-hearted, gifted, and immensely strong hero falls, at last, a victim to the charms of an unscrupulous beauty, to whom he sacrifices everything, and in a fit of mis- guided jealousy kills his bosom friend in a duel. The rest of the novel is taken up with his immeasurable revenge on the woman, who in the end unexpectedly changes her evil nature and forgives Strathmore. In the descriptions and amorous scenes the writer gives full rein to her sensuous imagination. — - Chandos. ' 1866 A garish and gushing romance, with, as hero, a glorified libertine, who is Ukened to Goethe " because the list of his loves is long." This dazzling creation keeps a harem in Park _ Lane, and is constantly in pursuit of his ideal, embodied in miscellaneous women, other ' men's wives as a rule. The story is decorated throughout with luxurious upholstery, gorgeous millinery, magnificent language and cookery. Under Two Flags. 1867 The author's best novel, good in spite of the florid extravagance of her descriptions and the unreality of the world depicted. The numerous episodes of exciting action, fox-hunts in the shires, battles of French and Kabyles in Algeria, are well described, and the book is full of imagination of an oriental kind. The characters are all idealizations of good or bad, 146 NINETEENTH CENTURY, LAST QUARTER and stand out well. The hero is a handsome, aristocratic guardsman of superhuman virtues and vices (it is hard to say which are regarded with more complacency by his creator). His lodgings in Piccadilly surpass oriental Courts in luxury and magnificence. Men adore him, women pet him, his riotous living never impairs his dare-devil courage or his superb physique, etc. The next best character is an " unsexed" but heroic little French vivandiire. "Ouida" {continued). — ^Tricotrin. 1868 Tricotrin is an agnostic and a Bohemian ; but his virtues are near perfection : he is handsome, an accomplished artist, learned, wise. The heroine is a castaway, whom he rescues from poverty. A main motive of a sentimental story is Tricotrin's self-abnegation in keeping his love unspoken. Puck. 1870 . The autobiography of a lapdog born in low society, and passing through various stations of life, which he describes in Ouidaesque language. A Dog of Flanders ; and other Stories. 1872 Also tells the story of a dog, whose fortitude and affection are scathingly contrasted with the cruelty and meanness of the human beings who maltreat him as a poor beast of burden. Belgium and France are the scenes of these tales. The Branch of Lilac culminates in the fighting of the Communists and Versaillists in Paris. Pascarel. 1873 Highly coloured descriptions of Florence and other historic Italian cities and lovely landscapes. Pascarel is a born actor, and a son of the people, who plays to simple villagers and shuns the applause of cities. His love is an innocent waif, and a cardinal incident turns on the jealousy of her and her mistress. As usual, many " improper " people figure among the characters. Two Little Wooden Shoes. 1874 An innocent little Brabant girl is petted by a rich painter, who leaves her to her peasant lover ; but, hearing he is sick, she walks to Paris to offer succour and love, and finding him sunk in debauchery, flies home and dies. Signa. 1875. Signa is a foster-child of nature, a lad with a genius for art and music, in whose mind bold and striking thoughts on life and God are instinctive. Luxuriantly descriptive of the beautiful mountains and forests of the sub-Alpine region, and of the ancient monasteries and strongholds of Italy. Ariadne. 1877 Another child of nature, innocent, impulsive, passionate, is depicted as a born sculptor. Her perilous camaraderie with artists and connoisseurs introduces voluminous talk about art and the ancients (full of characteristic inaccuracies) . Moths. 1880. As typical as any of Ouida's gushing ignorance of life and rhapsodical passion for romance. The love of an ignorant young lady for a great singer, told entirely from the girl's point of" view. A Village Commune. i88r Describes a modern Italian village under the so-called regime of Liberty. In reality, a poUtical adventurer rules the community as an irresponsible autocrat, grinding the poor with im- positions, rooting out every cherished custom or survival, and utilizing public pretexts to serve his own ends. — In Maremma. 1882 Musa, the daughter of a ferocious brigand, is another of these children of nature, who makes a solitary home in an Etruscan tomb, amid the wilds of Maremma. Her intercourse with other human beings only leads to treachery, robbery, and martyrdom 147 ENGLISH FICTION Ouida" (continued). — ^The Waters of Edera. 1900 Pictures the squalid inhabitants of an Italian district, and denounces the corruption and tyranny of the Government. Tells how a primitive and pagan lord of the soil fights a hopeless battle against a foreign company representing civilization and industrialism. [Ea. 3s. 5d., 2s., Chatto ; 75c., Lippincott, Philadelphia.] Parry, Major Gambier. The Story of Dick. 1892 A study of normal and healthy growth of character in a boy, the son of a soldier in India, who wins the love of everybody with whom he comes in contact. [3s. 6d., Macmillan.] Pater, Walter [1839-94]. Marius the Epicurean, his Sensations and Ideas. 1885 History of the mental and moral growth of a Roman thinker, friend of Galen and Marcus Aurelius. The book consists chiefly of meditations, philosophical disquisitions, and reviews of the great schools of thinkers, criticisms of personalities, such as that of the imperial philosopher, and of the social and moral phenomena of the times ; all set forth in a refined, meditative prose. From Cyrenaicism the philosopher gradually works his way to a more spiritual attitude, coming under the influence of the Christian Church, of which an impassioned picture is given ; and he dies a kind of martyr, though not formally received within the Christian communion. There are many pages delineating the outward life and manners of contemporary Rome. [2 vols., 15a. n. (I4 n.), Macmillan.] Imaginary Portraits. 1887 A Prince of Court Painters ; Sebastian von Storck ; Denys I'Auxerrois ; and Duke Carl oj Rosen- mold — essays in fictitious biography, with no dramatic play, but a most delicate interpreta- tion of character and environment. Watteau is the central figure in the first ; the others are fanciful creations in which philosophical influences, like that of Spinoza, and artistic susceptibilities are portrayed against a vague historical background. [6s., Macmillan.] — Miscellaneous Studies. 1895 A posthumous collection of essays containing two similar pieces of biographical fantasy, Apollo in Picardy and Emerald Uihwart, the latter embodying reminiscences of his own boyhood aad education at Canterbury. [7s. 6d. n. ($2 n.), Macmillan.] — Gaston de Latour : an unfinished romance. 1896 A similar philosophical romance, tracing the development of a refined and cultivated mind that finds ultimate satisfaction in the things of the spirit. The period is that of the French wars of religion in the sixteenth century, and the Massacre of St. Bartholomew (1572) is an incident, while Ronsard and Montaigne make their appearance. There are also placid and idyllic pictures of country life in La Beauce, and elaborate descriptions of Chartres Cathedral — written in the same dehcate, meandering style. [7s. 6d. n. {$2 n.), Macmillan.] Pentreath, Dolly. In a Cornish Township. 1893 Recollections of a parish clerk (supposed to have been written in 1818), in modem dialect. Sketches of old-world characters, tales of smuggling, and humorous adventures. [7s. 6d., Unwin : o.p.] Poynter, Eleanor Frances. My Little Lady. 1870 Madelon is the daughter of a professional gambler, an innocent girl surrounded by corruption. Her character and inner life and the character of the gambler are described, and the story tells of her helplessness and troubles after her father's death, the pathos of her convent life, and her yearnings for freedom. Spa, Li^ge, and Cornwall are the scenes. [5s., Hurst & Blackett.] Proctor, Richard A. Watched by the Dead. 1887 A suggested sequel to Edwin Drood. Datchery is supposed to be Drood himself, who is saved from Jasper's murderous plot and avenges himself on the villain, [is., W. H. Allen : o.p.l 148 NINETEENTH CENTURY, LAST QUARTER " Raine, Allen " [Mrs. Beynon Puddicombe, nee Evans ; A. 1908]. A Welsh Singer. 1897 Idyllic phases of Welsh life in a seaside village, combined with melodramatic episodes in London. A shepherd-girl develops into a popular contralto. [3s. 6d., Hutchinson.] Torn Sails. 1898 A sentimental idyll, the central incident tragic, but the end happy. The actors are Welsh peasants, working in a little sail-factory in a seaside hamlet of Cardiganshire. Native superstitions, pretty customs and ways of speech, and the storms and sunshine of the coast, give the atmosphere. [3s. 6d., Hutchinson.] By Berwen Banks. 1899 Gives idyllic pictures of the same people, with some little humour, and melodramatic business involving persons of a higher class. [3s. 6d., Hutchinson.] — Garthowen. 1900 The heroine is a waif saved from a shipwreck through the warning of a wraith. Her life with a farmer's family amid the moors and mountains is narrated with abundance of natural description ; and there are sketches of her foster-brothers, a pair of contrasts, and of Nonconformist Welsh folk in general. [3s. 6d., Hutchinson.] — Hearts of Wales : an Old Romance. 1905 Times of Owen Glendower. Readable, but not profoundly historical. [3s. 6d., Hutchinson.] Queen of the Rushes : a Tale of the Welsh Revival. 1906 Neither Storehouse nor Barn. 1909 The latter is a characteristic woodland love-tale of an orphaned girl and a young musical genius. [Ea. 6s., Hutchinson.] Reed, Talbot Baines [1852-93]. The Adventures of a Three-guinea Watch. [juvenile] 1881 The Fifth Form at St. Dominic's. [juvenile] 1882 My Friend Smith. [juvenile] 1882 Willoughby Captains. [juvenile] 1883 Follow My Leader. [juvenile] 1885 A Dog with a Bad Name. [juvenile] 1886 The Master of the Shell. [juvenile] 1887 Roger Ingleton, Minor. [juvenile] 1889 The Cock-House at Fellsgarth. [juvenile] 1891 Tom, Dick, and Harry. [juvenile] 1892 Reginald Cruden. [juvenile] 1894 Baines Reed was a famous contributor to the Boy's Own Paper, for which he wrote this ad- mirable series of stories for boys, dealing chiefly with school life and depicting memorable types of wholesome and manly boyhood, [(i) 3s. 6d., (2) 5s., (3) 5s., (6) 5s., (7) 6s., (9) 5S., R.T.S. ; (4) 5s., Hodder; (5) 5s., Cassell; (8) 2S. 6d., Low. Sir Ludar: a Story of the Days of the Great Queen Bess, [juvenile] 1889 Scene laid in Antrim and elsewhere — time of the Armada (1585-90) ; the retaking of Dunluce Castle is a fine episode. [2s. 6d., Low.] Kilgorman. [juvenile] 1894 Adventures in Donegal, in Paris during the Terror, at the battle of Camperdown, and in Dublin with the United Irishmen and Lord Edward Fitzgersild (1792-8). [With a Memoir of the Author by his friend J. Sime, 3s. 6d., Nelson.] 149 ENGLISH FICTION Roberts, Margaret [b. 1833]. Mademoiselle Mori : a Tale of Modern Rome. i860 Life in Rome during the insurrectionary period (1845-9). Domestic life of the orphan children of an English artist, their struggle with adversity and twofold love-story. Then private matters merge in pubhc events, historic names and incidents come in, and there is a full account of the French siege of Rome. [2s. ($1), Longman.] On the Edge of the Storm. [juvenile] 1868 A story of Gascony during the French Revolution. [3s. 6d., 2S., Wame.l The Atelier du Lys. 1876 Life of an art student during the Reign of Terror (1793-5), mainly a story of private interest, with plenty of local colouring. The young heroine is the object of villainous machinations, which are happily frustrated. [2s. ($i), Longman.] — In the Olden Time. 1883 A tale of the Peasants' War in Germany (1524-5). [2s. 6d. ($1), Longman.] — The Fiddler of Lugau. 1888 Home and civic life in a town of Saxony during the Napoleonic wars, with the petty animosities and public fears, and a pathetic story of love and loyalty. [6s., Hatchard; $1.50, Whit- taker, New York.] Russell, William Clark [1844-1911]. John Holdsworth, Chief Mate. 1875 This and the two following are perhaps the three best of a long succession of nautical novels, in which extraordinary adventures and plot interest take the place of the rich character- drawing and humours of Smollett, Marryat, and Michael Scott. Here we have a variation of the Enoch Arden story, the husband losing his memory through shipwreck and exposure in an open boat. The interloper dies, and the couple are reunited, but the story remains sufficiently harrowing. [3s. 6d., 2s. 6d., Low.] The Wreck of the " Grosvenor." 1876 May be taken as the type of Clark Russell's narratives, which mingle realistic pictures of life on board and of the storms and beauty of the ocean, with ultra-romantic adventures. This is an exciting story of a mutiny sind its consequences, with the usual love-plot. [3s. 6d., 2s. 6d., Low ; 75c., Caldwell, Boston.] The Frozen Pirate. 1877 A sailor in the Arctic comes upon an old wrecked ship, and finds an eighteenth-century pirate in a state of suspended animation. He is restored to life, and the story revolves round his doings in these strange circumstances. [3s. 6d., 2s. 6d., Low; ?i. Street, New York.] An Ocean Free-Lance. 1881 Privateering in 1812 ; a good nautical yarn. [3s. 6d., 2s. 6d., Low; $1, 50c., New Amsterdam Book Co., New York.] My Shipmate Louise. 1890 A similar mixture of nautical adventure and love-making, with a heroine on board ship. [3s. 6d., 2S., Chatto.] ' Marooned. 1890 Hero and heroine en route to Brazil are left on an uninhabited isle by the mutinous crew, and celebrate their rescue by getting married. The situation is treated with perfect propriety. [3s. 6d., 2s., Macmillan.] A Strange Elopement. 1892 A series of extraordinary sea adventures. [3s. 6d., Macmillan, o.p, ; 7d. n.] ISO NINETEENTH CENTURY, LAST QUARTER Russell, William Clark {continued). — ^The Convict Ship. 1895 In which a girl follows her convict lover and masquerades as a sailor. [3s. 6d., Chatto.l The Romance of a Midshipman. 1898 Boyhood and school life, and adventures on the sea, especially his wonderful escapes along with the girl he loves. [2s., Unwin.] Rose Island. " 1900 The miraculous adventures of a beautiful girl picked up by a schooner in the Atlantic form the thread which connects characteristic descriptions of nautical life, character, and the ever-changing aspects of the ocean. [6s., Arnold; §1.25, Stone, Chicago.] Saunders, John [1810-95]. Abel Drake's Wife. 1883 Realistic portraiture of poor people, mill hands, and domestic servants. Abel, a strike leader, leaves his wife, who, believing him dead, gets engaged ; her husband then reappears, to the dismay of wife and lover. [2s., W. H. Allen: o.p.] A Noble Wife. 1895 A pathetic memoir of Archbishop Cranmer's wife and the great episodes of the EngUsh Re- formation of which they were central figures. [3s. 6d., Jarrold.] Sergeant, Emily Frances Adeline [1850-1904]. Esther Denison. 1889 An earnest story, aiming at moral edification, and belonging to the more unambitious class of domestic fiction, a girl coming between two lovers furnishing the text. [3 vols., Beutley : o.p.] The Love Story of Margaret Wynne. 1899 Margaret loyally believes in Bayard's truth and innocence, in spite of accusations and appear- ances ; and she is justified in the end. [6s., White: o.p. ; $1, Rand, M'Nally, Chicago.] The Common Lot. 1899 Typical of this prolific author ; quiet domestic memoirs, chiefly feminine in interest, saturated with pious belief in a poetic justice enforced by Providence. How a strong, good-natured girl forsakes her ambitions and accepts the common lot, maintaining a family of ill- conditioned and ungrateful relatives, and being rewarded in the end by the love of a worthy man. r3S. 6d., Melrose.] Blake of Oriel. 1899 The story of a university don, outwardly a cultured scholar and polished gentleman, but really a cad and a thief; who is successful in his evil practices to the last,'not being found out till after his death. [6s., White : o.p.] The Conscience of Gilbert Pollard. 1900 An average specimen of the author's sentimental treatment of life. The plot hangs on an understanding, omitted in his father's will, that Gilbert should give his scapegrace brother a considerable share of the old man's money. Gilbert justifies himself in refusing to do so. [6s., Hodder.] Sharp, William [" Fiona Macleod " ; 1856-1905]. Pharais : a Romance of the Isles. 1894 " Fiona Macleod " was a clear case of dual personality. Sharp's work under this name — so much more than a name to him that he said, Fiona dies if the secret is found out— differs entirely from the work he acknowledged. These are romances and visionary stories of the Western Isles, where he spent his boyhood, saturated with mysticism and Celtic faerydom, the style a sort of rhapsody that oft-times attains rare beauty, the beauty of " natural magic," though its monotony must be admitted, like the absence' of humour and of any lightness of touch. This is a wistful little domestic drama, composed of the simplest and homeliest elements, spiritualized by the author's poetic vision, and by the grandeur of the stage amidst the .storms and sunsets of the Hebrides. 151 ENGLISH FICTION Sharp, William (continued). — The Mountain Lovers. 1895 A tragic pastoral of the Highlands that might belong to present or past, but is imbued with the mysticism of long ago. The actors are akin to the shadowy creations of ancient legend ; the significance of the action is spiritual and ssonbohcal. The Sin-Eater, The Washer of the Ford, and other Legendary Moralities. 1895-6 Collections of Hebridean lore and old Celtic legends. The latter belong to the time when Christianity was struggling with Druidism. The characters shadowy and lacking in human interest. Muime Chriosd is an Irish legend of St. Bridget, the foster-mother of Christ, and the Celtic elements mingle quaintly with the Gospel story. Green Fire. 1896 A vague and tenuous story, a sort of Tristan legend of a Breton lady and the son of a Scottish chief. Dreamy descriptions of Brittany, the sea, and the Hebrides ; mystic visions, fears, and monitions creating an atmosphere of witching melancholy. The Laughter of Peterkin : a Retelling of Old Tales from the Wonder World. 1897 Peterkin is a somewhat superfluous " wonder-child," whose laughter is interjected into tragic episodes from old Celtic legend. The Four Swans, The Fate of the Three Sons of Ttirenn, etc. Silence Farm. 1899 A gloomy, realistic story of life on a farm, ending in tragedy. Published under his own name. The Dominion of Dreams ; Under the Dark Star. 1899 Some thirty chapters or "dreams " mingling Celtic fantasy and real life. The White Heron relates the earlier story of a character in Pharais. The Divine Adventure ; lona ; Studies in Spiritual History. 1900 The first is a fable or allegory in the traditionary Celtic manner. The Soul, the Will, and the Body go on pilgrimage towards the Hills of Dream, symbolizing man's quest for a solution of the mysteries of life and death, dissolution and etemit}'. lona is an essay on the place of lona in Celtic tradition. [Collected M'orks, 7 vols., ea. 5s. n., Heinemann, 1911. Vol. i. : Pharais, The Mountain Lovers ; ii. : The Sin-Eater, The Washer of the Ford, and other Legendary Moralities ; iii. : The Dominion of Dreams, Under the Dark Star ; iv. : The Divine Adventure, lona. Studies in Spiritual History ; v. : The Winged Destiny, Studies in the Spiritual History of the Gael; vi. : The Silence of Amor, Where the Forest Murmurs : vii. : Poems and Dramas.} Shorthouse, Joseph Henry [1834-1903]. John Inglesant. 1881 The spiritual biography of a very rare spirit who was a servant of Charles I, and afterwards acts as go-between to the Anghcan and Romanist ecclesiastical parties. Historical events are subordinate, however, to the subjective narrative. In Mr. Ferrar's house at Little Gidding, among the Quietists, Inglesant becomes acquainted with the mysticism that was a common philosophy to certain Romanists and Anghcans ; and on the exposition of this doctrine, which reproduced itself in the Tractarian movement of our own times, the author concentrates his eloquence. Many great men appear, and the manners, the thought, and the religious feeling of the period in England and Italy are rendered with studious accuracy and deep sympathy. Such episodes as the election of a Pope and the plague at Naples are, as it were, careful historical monographs vivified by imagination. [3s. 6d. ; Edition de Luxe, 3 vols., 8vo, 25s. n. ; Pocket Edn., 2s. n. (Soc), Macmillan.] The Little Schoolmaster Mark : a Spiritual Romance. 1883 A mystical story which borrows material from H. Jung-Stilling's autobiography (1750). [3s. 6d. ($1), Macmillan.] Sir Percival. 1886 Ostensibly told by a woman, aboxit a nineteenth-century seeker alter the Grail, an idealized young Englishman, .in an ideaUzed and beautiful society. [3s. 6d., Macmillan.] 152 NINETEENTH CENTURY, LAST QUARTER Shorthouse, Joseph Henry (continued). — The Countess Eve. 1888 A spiritual romance, in which the Evil One, who comes on the scene, is foiled in his attempt to seduce two human beings : a study of human infirmity and proneness to temptation. Many pages of descriptive rhapsody of the beautiful mountains, forests, and lakes of Burgundy and the Jura. [3s. 6d., Macmillan.] A Teacher of the VioHn ; and other Tales. 1888 Short stories treating similar themes of spiritual aspiration, refined ideals of conduct, and the ennobling influences of the chivalrous past. The title-story is about a music-loving boy in Germany (1787) and his communings with Nature. Of the four others, the Marquis de St. Pelaye is most characteristic. [3s. 6d. ($1), Macmillan.] Blanche, Lady Falaise. 1891 A mystical, dreamy novel, largely a vehicle for the discussion of religious and moral ideas. Lady Falaise is a Socialistic dreamer, whose very love rests on her ideals of social ameliora- tion, and whose practical conduct is, in consequence, often wrong-headed and mischievous. [3s. 6d., Macmillan.] Skelton, Sir John [1831-97]. Queen Mary's Holdfast. 1896 In Summers and Winters at Balmamhapple, vol. i. A study of Patrick, Master of Gray, a traitor to Queen Mary of Scotland ; highly praised by Froude. Explores a little by- path of history with learning and imagination. The same volume contains some other essays in Scottish fiction. [Table Talk of Shirley, 2 vols., los. n., Blackwood : o.p.] Stevenson, Robert Louis Balfour [1850-94]. The New Arabian Nights. 1882 The fantastic adventures of a modern Haroun-al-Raschid in London, handled realistically and placed in a modem and familiar environment. The Suicide Club is a fantasy on some- what similar lines to De Quincey's Murder as one of the Fine Arts, combining m3'stery and terror with this familiarity of surroundings. All are more or less sensational, sensation of a semi-burlesque and ironical kind. One of the best known. The Rajah's Diamond, has a daring plot stringing together most heterogeneous scene-s and characters, the coveted gem being a potent incentive to elaborate villainy and crime. In Stevenson's novels and stories, pure romance is made infinitely more effective than the conventional kind by means of his dexterous technique, his command of verisimilitude, and insight into the psychology of the reader. [2s. n., Chatto ; $1, Scribner, New York.] Treasure Island. [juvenile] 1883 A masterpiece among romances for boys, but not less admirable for the higher qualities of dramatic art. A story of piracy and concealed treasure in the middle of the eighteenth century ; the characters nearly all of a sinister kind : Pew, Black Dog, and Long John Silver are a villainous trio, strongly individualized, shedding an atmosphere of maUgnancy and terror. The scenery of isle and ocean contrasts vividly with the savagery of the action. [Illustrated by Wal Paget, 6s., 3s. 6d., Cassell ; $1, Scribner, New York.] The Silverado Squatters. 1883 Substantially the story of Stevenson's honeymoon, at Juan Silverado, amid the mountains and forests of California ; buoyant and humorous in tone, and abounding in impressionist descriptions of Nature. [6s., Chatto; with others, .sub tit. The Amateur Emigrant, $1, Scribner, New York.] Prince Otto. 1885 Stevensonian in its fine, clear style; Meredithian in its psychology. Scene, an imaginary German principality ; motive, the growth, under the stress of untoward events, of a true and intelligent affection between husband and wife. The atmosphere of Court intrigue and the subtle play of character among courtiers are well portrayed ; the Chancellor, the private counsellor, the crabbed Enghsh Ambassador, the ladies of the Court, etc., offering dramatic contrasts. Nature is described, not so much for its own sake, as for its influence on Otto's states of mind. [6s., Chatto ; $1, Scribner, New York.] The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde. 1886 A grim apologue of a supernatural change of personality, symbolizing the conflict between the good and the evil selves in man. [With Other Fables, 3s. 6d., Longman ; with The Merry Men, ?i, Scribner, New York.] 153 ENGLISH FICTION Stevenson, Robert Louis Balfour [continued). — David Balfour: vol. i. Kidnapped ; vol. ii. Catriona. 1886 ; 1892 Kidnapped is a match for Treasure Island as pure romance, strenuous deeds, thrilling en- counters, hairbreadth escapes occurring on almost every page. The romantic scenery of the western seaboard and the Grampians makes a fit environment. Alan Breck, the supposed Appin murderer (1751), is perhaps the finest of Stevenson's creations. But there is more characterization in Catriona, which is his chief success in drawing a woman, and love interest is an important element. The social and political condition of Scotland in the period succeeding the '45, and the persecution, military and legal, of the beaten side, are well depicted in the two stories, which cover the years 1746—51. [Illustrated by W. Hole.'ea. 6s., 3s. 6d., Cassell ; $1.50, not ill. %i, Scribner, New York.] The Merry Meii ; and other Tales and Fables. 1887 A galaxy of masterpieces in the art of short-story writing : the first is a weird tale of the Western Isles, a treasure from the Armada, an awful wreck, and a man's remorse driving him to his death ; the whole invested with a magical atmosphere of hoary legend and the scenery of ocean, mountain, and storm. Will 0' the Mill is an exquisite fable of human life, with Alpine valley scenery ; Thrawn Janet, a blood-curdling ghost story in a Scottish village ; Markheim, a sombre murder-story, and The Treasure of Franchard are two masterly embodiments of Stevenson's philosophy of life ; Olalla, a tragic love-story of Spain. [6s., 2s. n., Chatto ; with Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, %i, Scribner, New York.] The Black Arrow. 1888 Intended for young readers. A Yorkist story of the Wars of the Roses. The characters are outlaws, barons, men-at-arms, and priests ; Richard III is prominent. The language is to some extent based on that of the Paston Letters. [Illustrated by H. W. Paget, 6s., 3s. 6d., Cassell ; $1.25, not ill. $1, Scribner, New York.] The Master of Ballantrae. 1889 The tragic downfall of a noble Scottish family involved in the Jacobite troubles (1745-64), recounted by a faithful steward. Two brothers are the protagonists : the elder, a man of fascinating exterior but cruel heart, the younger, a plain, long-suffering man. These, with the old lord, their young kinswoman, and a showy French adventurer, make a group of the exceptional personalities that Stevenson loved to sketch. In one scene, the midnight duel, he achieved his masterpiece of dramatic effect. Mackellar the steward is a thoroughly Stevensonian blend of moral courage with physical cowardice. [Illustrated by W. Hole, 6s., 3s. 6d., Cas.sell ; $1.50, not ill. $1, Scribner, New York.] Island Nights' Entertainments. 1893 The Beach of Falesd, The Bottle Imp, and The Isle of Voices are stories of the South Seas into which Stevenson infused much of the eeriness and mystery that characterizes such Scotch tales as The Merry Men and Thrawn Janet. In the first a rough and unlearned trader is the story-teller, whose nautical slang and colloquialisms are woven into a forcible and expressive prose. On the lonely beach of a forest-clad isle, he is the mark of a rival trader's diaboUcal plot, the superstitions of the natives being excited so that he is tabooed and nearly frightened to death. The charm of the tale is the enthraUing atmosphere of glamour and dread. Life and Nature in the Pacific are described with the familiar realism of one who has hved there. The Bottle Imp is a fairy-story, an adaptation of a German folk-tale to the people and surroundings of the South Seas. [Illustrated by Gordon Browne & W. Hatherell, 6s., 3s. 6d., Cassell ; $1.25, no't ill. %i, Scribner, New York.] Weir of Hermiston. 1896 An impressive fragment of a tragedy, on the motive of deep antipathy between father and son. The father is a study of the hanging judge Lord Braxfield, the son represents the dawning age of reason and mercy. The son's pathetic love-story was only begun when the pen fell from Stevenson's hand. Outhnes a remarkable group of tragic personalities, hard, strong-natured Scotch folk. Old Edinburgh and the dun moorlands haunted by memories of martyred Cameronians form the austere background. Period 1813-4. [6s., Chatto ; 51, Scribner, New York.] St. Ives. 1897 A posthumous romance, finished by " Q." Stevenson called it " A mere tissue of adventures." An essay in picaresque fiction, reciting the experiences of a French prisoner of war in 154 NINETEENTH CENTURY, LAST QUARTER Edinburgh Castle, and his adventures after escaping. St. Ives is the only gentleman among the prisoners, and suffers much in his dignity. [6s., 2s. n., Heinemann ; §t, Scribner, New York.] Stevenson, Robert Louis Balfour, and Fanny van der Grift Stevenson. The Dynamiter. 1885 In the style of the New Arabian Nights. Mrs. Stevenson claims to have written all the stories except the Explosive Bomb ; but unmistakable traces of Stevenson's handiwork and of his characteristic philosophy abound. [3s. 6d., Longman ; $1, Scribner, New York.] Stevenson, Robert Louis Balfour, and Lloyd Osboume [b. 1868]. The Wrong Box. 1889 An absurd and engrossing extravagance ; the rival plotting of the heirs to two old men, survivors of a Tontine scheme. The frantic endeavours of various people to get rid of a corpse, supposed to be one of these valuable old men, lead to surprising results. These farcical complications were the work chiefly of Mr. Osboume, who is responsible also for the more sordid and horrible features of the next two stories. [3s. 6d., Longman; ?i, Scribner, New York.] The Wrecker. 1892 Parisian student life, shady financial doings in California, piracy on the high seas, and more gruesome incidents, brought into juxtaposition by an elaborate mystery plot. A skilfvil combination of romance and everyday realism. [Illustrated by W. Hole and W. L. Metcalf, 6s., 3s. 6d., Cassell ; I1.50, not ill. $1, Scribner, New York.] The Ebb Tide : a Trio and Quartette. 1894 A similar blend, the daring plot depending on thoroughgoing realism. The adventures in the Tahitian seas are so conceived and told as to bring out impressively the vast contrast between the men and their lovely surroundings. [6s., Heinemann ; $1, Scribner, New York.] "Stretton, Hesba" [Hannah Smith; d. 1911]. Through a Needle's Eye. 1878 A fair example of this writer's unpretentious but carefully wrought didactic fiction. A man does wrong in order to become owner and master of the family estate. He repents and makes due reparation, but his much-loved daughter suffers for his misdeeds. The various characters of a village, the Methodist preacher,- the curate and his worldly wife, and some humbler people, are clearly drawn. [6s., Paul, o.p. ; $1, Dodd & Mead, New York.] Swinburne, Algernon Charles [1837-1909]. Love's Cross-currents: a Year's Letters. 1905 The reprint of a novel in letters, published years earlier in a newspaper. A characteristic revelation of the poet's mind, in characteristic prose. Displays his remarkable powers of sarcasm, and is a finished example of the finest epistolary style, the story interest alto- gether secondary. [6s. n., Chatto.] Thomas, Bertha. The Violin Player. 1880 studies of the artistic temperament in a musician, a sculptor, various connoisseurs, and others. [2s., Chatto : o.p.] In a Cathedral City. 1882 A gifted tenor, spoiled by success, is the principal character ; the next is a pretty woman whom he woos, but who, in the end, is united to a humbler but a worthier man. [3s. 6d., Chatto.] The Son of the House. 1900 A domestic story. The son is a Christian Socialist, and his purse-proud mother manages to incarcerate him in a lunatic asylum. This unscrupulous lady, the gay, loose-principled brother, the inconstant girl loved by both brothers, and the evergreen doctor who acts as rescuer, are the salient characters. [6s., Chatto.] ENGLISH FICTION TiREBUCK, William Edwards [d. 1900]. Sweetheart Gwen : a Welsh Idyll. 1893 Welsh country life as seen by boyish eyes, and a boy's love for a pretty, grown-up girl, his cousin. [6s., Longman : o.p.l Miss Grace of All Souls'. 1895 Life in a small coal-mining town, apparently in Lancashire ; the soul-crushing toil, the horrors of want, the strong affections and pathos of family life. The daughter of the worldlj' and compromising vicar is the heroine of a strike ; and the struggle between her ideals and love for her weak-kneed father are pathetically described. [6s., Heinemann.] " Tytler, Sarah " [Henrietta Keddie ; b. 1827]. Citoyenne Jacqueline. 1865 A woman's lot in the Revolution ; a touching domestic story. Paris, the Luxembourg ; Charlotte Corday, etc. (1792-3). [2s., Chatto.] — ' — The Huguenot Family in the English Village. [juvenile] 1867 [2s., Chatto.] Sisters and Wives. 1871 Three stories, the connection one of character ; studies of temperament and of conduct. The first relates to a love affair between a worthy couple, one of whom hides his real affection under a cloak of censure. In the second, an unintellectual woman, who aspires to gentility, is united to a worthy but underbred man, who is much her superior in educa- tion. [Smith & Elder : o.p.] What She Came Through. 1877 Lover and heroine, servants on a farm, really belong to a superior rank in life, and the ignorance of each as to the other's antecedents gives peculiar opportunities for the play of character. Describes farming and country life in considerable detail. [3s. 6d., 2s., Chatto.] Scotch Marriages. 1882 A series of tales chiefly of unequal marriages, e.g. Lady Peggy, a Fifeshire tale of a fine old aristocrat and her low-bom daughter-in-law, probably founded on fact ; Hamesucken, a more tragic tale ; and Harry Balfour's Experiences, a weirdly comic story of a Scotch judge. [Smith & Elder : o.p.] St. Mungo's City. 1885 Appreciative portraiture of Glasgow people, very racy and rich in local colour. A variety of characters, comic and pathetic — the poor, proud Mackinnon sisters, old-fashioned gentlewomen ; sweet-natured Eppie Drysdale ; the self-made business man, Auld Tarn, etc. [2s., Chatto.] Logic Town. 1887 An old-fashioned Scottish township, full of characters humorously depicted. Brings out the mingled simplicity and self-importance of the Scot, the intimate association of classes, the powerful ties of kindred. [3s. 6d., Ward & Downey : o.p.] The Macdonald Lass : a Study from Last Century. 1895 A careful and affectionate retelhng of Flora Macdonald's heroic rescue of Prince Charlie after CuUoden {1746). [3s. 6d., Chatto.] The Witch Wife. 1897 A gloomy story of the grim old -days of witch-burning late in the seventeenth century ; only too faithful to what we know of the times. [3s. 6d., Chatto.] — Lady Jean's Son. 1897 A study of manners and Society in Edinburgh late in the eighteenth century. [6s., Jarrold.] — Miss Nanse. 1899 A quiet domestic story of an old Scottish seaport town of fifty years ago, full of pleasant characters. [3s. 6ci., Long.] 156 NINETEENTH CENTURY, LAST QUARTER 'Tytler, Sarah" (continued). — ^A Honeymoon's Eclipse. 1899 Quiet, unexciting middle-class life half a century ago ; the disagreement of a wilful and rather silly wife with her husband, and the gradual purifying and mellowing of her character by adversity and poverty. [3s. 6d., Chatto.] A Loyal Little Maid. [juvenile] 1899 The story of Mar's Rebellion. [2s. 6d., Blackie.] Logan's Loyalty. 1900 Character and manners in the days of Waterloo. Logan is the daughter of a Highland laird and his crofter wife, and she elopes with a lover belonging to her mother's class. Turns on the motives of distrust and family estrangement, ultimately followed by a reconcilia- tion. [6s., Long.] A Young Dragon. 1900 Country life on the moorlands, near the English Border, delineated with little incident and quiet, truthful characterization. A masterful old bachelor is dared into a wager that he will win a wife. He marries a simple-hearted, unselfish woman, who is shocked to discover the motive of his wooing. [3s. 6d., Chatto.] Rival Claimants. 1901 Adventure in the times of the American War of Independence (which is dealt with inaccurately) . The hero is a Devon boy, carried off by a press-gang, who later has difficulties in asserting his rightful heirship. [6s., Digby & Long : o.p.] - — - The Courtship of Sarah. [juvenile] 1902 A domestic storj' of provincial dissenters early in the eighteenth century. [6s., Long.] In Clarissa's Day. [juvenile] 1903 Scenes, Oxford and London (c. 1720) : among the historical personages introduced are Sarah, Duchess of Marlborough, Sir Robert Walpole, Pope, Caroline of Anspach, and Prince George (II). [6s., Chatto.] A Daughter of the Manse. 1905 Describes with moving pathos the long and heroic struggle for existence of the pastors who resigned their ministries at the great Disruption (1843). [6s., Long.] Favours from France. 1905 Story of a Scots laird and his family after the '45, in Edinburgh, where he has unfortunate lawsuits, and in Paris among Jacobite exiles. [6s., Long.] Innocent Masqueraders. 1907 The contrasted life of two girls abandoned on Blackheath (c. 1800), and brought up, the well- bom infant by a farmer's wife, the other by a lady. [6s., Long.] Walton, Mrs. Octavius Frank. A Peep Behind the Scenes. [juvenile] 1877 Christie's Old Organ ; or, Home, Sweet Home. [juvenile] 1882 Didactic, tearfully pathetic, and very popular tales for children. The first tells about the hard life of a small girl in a travelling fair ; an old organ-grinder and a boy are the heroes in the next, [(i) 3s. 6d. ; (2) is., R.T.B.] Ware, Mrs. Hibbert. The King of Bjith. 1879 A slight study of manners at the great spa, and of the character and career of Beau Nash (d. 1761). This and the following "three-deckers" are favourable specimens of the circulating-library novel of a quarter of a century ago. [2 vols., 21s., Skeet : o.p.] Life's Seven Ages. 1880 To a large extent a study of actual incidents — the experiences of a centenarian whose life was extended over seven generations. [3 vols., 31s. 6d., Skeet : o.p.] 157 ENGLISH FICTION Ware, Mrs. Hibbert {continued). ^The Water Tower. 1882 Tragic business — a maa killed in a quarrel in the Water Tower at Chester, and the death of the slayer's two sons in the same ill-omened place. [3 vols., 31s. 6d., Tinsley : o.p.] West ALL, William [i 834-1 903]. The Old Factory. 1881 A capital Lancashire story, in which the riots on the introduction of steam weaving-looms are well described. [3s. 6d., Chatto,] Red Ryvington. 1882 Two Pinches of Snuff. " 1886 [Ea. 3s. 6d., Chatto.] Her Two Millions. 1888 A plot-story turning on a missing heir, and utilizing an incident in the history of the Commune. Largely concerned with the working of an English newspaper at Geneva. [3s. 6d., Chatto.] — With the Red Eagle. 1897 — A Red Bridal [sequel]. 1898 Two war and adventure stories, centring in the career of Hofer and the Tyrolese stand against Napoleon in 1809. [Ea. 3s. 6d., Chatto.] — As Luck Would Have It. 1900 In a railway accident a peer is killed and his cousin rendered insensible. When the latter recovers, he finds that his friends have taken him for the peer, and events enable him to keep up the imposture. [3s. 6d., Chatto.] Whelpton, Edwin. Meadow Sweet; or. The Wooing of Iphis. 1884 A quiet record of the lives of plain country people in Lincolnshire, largely in dialect. [3 vols.. Smith & Elder : o.p.] Wilde, Oscar O'Flahertie Wills [1856-1900]. The Happy Prince ; and other Tales. 1888 Fairy stories after Andersen and other fabulists, heavily charged with Wilde's passion for the beautiful, and by no means free from his habitual cynicism. The Nightingale and the Rose exemplifies the first, and The Remarkable Rocket the latter quality. [3s. 6d. n., Nutt.] The Picture of Dorian Gray. 1891 A terrible commentary on Wilde's own pagan theory of life, the pursuit of sensuous and intellectual delight with no acceptance of moral responsibility. The plot is a counterpart to that of Balzac's Peau de Chagrin, a portrait growing old and hideous while the sensualist preserves his youthful beauty. Sparkles with Wilde's paradoxical epigrams. [6s. n.. Ward & Lock.] Lord Arthur Savile's Crime ; The Portrait of Mr. W. H. ; and other Stories. 1891 Lord Arthur Savile's Crime, The Canterville Ghost, The Sphinx Without a Secret, and The Model Millionaire {1887), The Portrait of Mr. W. H. (1889). Charming effusions of fantasy, admirable in technique. [5s. u., Methuen.] A House of Pomegranates. 1892 Another collection of fantastic stories which the author said was " intended neither for the British child nor the British public." [5s. n., Methuen.] {Works, 14 vols.. Limited Edn. (1000), 175s. n., Methuen, 1907-9.] WiNGFiELD, Hon. Lewis Strange [1842-91]. Lady Grizel. 1877 Bath in the days of Earl Chatham (1747-65). [3 vols., 31s. 6d., Bentley : o.p.] My Lords of Strogue: a Chronicle of Ireland from the Convention to the Union. 1879 A fair but not accurate story, mingling history and romance (1800-1). [3 vols., 31s. 6d., Bentley : o.p.] 158 NINETEENTH CENTURY, LAST QUARTER ' Winter, John Strange " [Mrs. Arthur Stannard, Henrietta Eliza Vaughan, nee Palmer ; 1856-1911]. Bootle's Baby. 1885 A pathetic story of military life in London barracks, with a foundUng for heroine, [is., Wame ; 50c., Fenno, New York.] Cavalry Life: Sketches and Stories in Barracks and out. 1881 [2s., Chatto.] — Mignon's Secret. 1886 [is.. White.] — Mignon's Husband. 1887 [is., White.] — Bootle's Children. 1888 [is.. White.] - — He Went for a Soldier. 1890 [IS., White] — Beautiful Jim of the Blankshire Regiment. 1891 [is., R. E. King.] — A Soldier's Children. 1892 [is., Simpkin.] — A Blameless Woman. 1895 The Blameless Woman, after hving with a Russian count for two years in Berlin under cover of a false marriage into which she was duped, comes home, and, in the character of a spotless maiden, marries a man she does not care for. [2s., White : o.p.] — A Magnificent Young Man. 1895 [6d., White.] — Into an Unknown World. 1897 [6d., T. S. Clark.] Regimental Legends. 1897 [With Cavalry Life, 2S., Chatto. J A Name to Conjure With. 1899 A literary woman takes to alcohol as a stimulant, and, finding it efficacious, contracts the habit, with ruinous consequences. [6s., White, o.p. ; Si.25, Lippincott, Philadelphia.] A Self-made Countess : the Justification of a Husband. 1900 A piquant story of smart society in London, aiming to expose snobbishness and social humbug. [6s., White, o.p. ; I1.25, Lippincott, Philadelphia.] The author's racy, if sentimental, drawing of the British soldier and regimental life in peace- time endeared her to many who were incapable of appreciating the realism of Kipling. WORBOISE, Emma James [Mrs. E. Guyton ; 1825-87]. Husbands and Wives. 1873 Heartsease in the Family. 1874 OUver Westwood ; or. Overcoming the World. 1875 Father Fabian, the Monk of Maltham Tower. 1875 Lady Clarissa. 1876 Robert Wreford's Daughter. 1877 The Brudenells of Brude. 1878 Joan Carisbrooke. 1880 And many other popular decoctions of domestic fiction, blameless sentimentality, examples of the trials and temptations of life, and rehgious teaching, [(i), {3), (6) ea. 3s. 6d. ; (2) 3S. ; (4). (5). (7). (8) ea. 2S. n., J. Clarke.] IS9 ENGLISH FICTION PRESENT DAY Abbott, Rev. Edwin Abbott [b. 1838]. Philochristus. 1878 Memoirs of a disciple of Christ. [12s., Macmillan : o.p.] Onesimus, Christ's Freedman. 1882 Memoirs of a disciple of St. Paul. [5s., Oliphant, Edinburgh ; Si. 25, Revell, New York.] — Silanus tiie Christian. 1906 Autobiography of a Roman in the second century (a.d. 118-63) who attends the lectures of Epictetus at Nicopolis. [7s. 6d. n., Black ($2.60 n., Macmillan, New York).] " AcKWORTH, John " [Rev. F. R. Smith ; 6.1854]. Clogshop Chronicles. 1896 The Snowcroft Critics 1898 Two collections of brief stories and sketches, largely in the Lancashire dialect. The characters are factory-workers and others in a village, and most of them Methodists. Homely humour and homely pathos, racy genre-painting and character-drawing. [Each 3s. 6d., C. H. Kelly.] Doxie Dent : a Clogshop Chronicle. 1899 Some of the people of Clogshop Chronicles reappear in this kindred story of a winsome girl. [3s. 6d., C. H. Kelly.] The Minder ; a Story of the Courtship, Call, and Conflicts of John Ledger, Minder and Minister. 1900 The life of a Lancashire operative, his love affairs and his call to the ministry. Full of local colour, sketches of homely people and manners, rustic Methodism, etc. ; the dialogue largely in north-country dialect. [6s., H. Marshall.] The Coming of the Preachers. igoi The coming of Methodism into the coarse unspiritual life of a north-country village, the per- secution it meets with, and the growth of religion among the better minds in response to John and Charles Wesley's preaching. [6s., Hodder.] Adams, Arthur H. [6. 1872]. Tussock Land : Romance of New Zealand and the Commonwealth. 1904 Good descriptions of New Zealand life — Dunedin, a sheep run in the far south, Sydney, etc. The author is a New Zealander and a poet. [6s., Unwin.] Adcock, Arthur St. John [b. 1864]. East End Idylls. 1897 — — In the Image of God. 1898 Two series of stories carefully presenting the life of the very poor in London, with little heightening for literary effect, and not so monotonously gruesome as such realistic studies often are: the cockney speech faithfully rendered, [(i) 3s. 6d., Bowden, o.p.; ?i.25, Mansfield, New York ; (2) 3s. 6d., Skeffington.] In the Wake of the War. 1900 The home results of a war abroad, the sufferings of families deprived of their supporters and of mourners for the fallen ; chiefly pathetic, but some of the tales have a mild dash of satire. [2S. 6d., Hodder.] — The Luck of Private Foster. 1900 A romance of the great Boer War ; the hero enlists, leaving his girl behind him, and meets with a considerable amount of adventure. No tragedy, even in the situation that puts father and son on opposite sides. [6s., Hodder.] 160 PRESENT DAY Adderley, The Hon. and Rev. James Granville [b. 1861]. Stephen Remarx : the Story of a Venture in Ethics. 1893 A miniature story of a clergyman who preaches Socialism and humanitarianism and tries to establish a practical brotherhood; with a longer story very similar in aim. [35. 6d., is., Arnold (7.5c., Dutton, New York).] -Paul Mercer: a Story of Repentance among Millions. 1897 Paul, the son of a millionaire, goes exploring among the poor and the ameliorating agencies of the East End, is converted to Christian Socialism and founds a large manufacturing community. Full of criticism of the plutocratic regime and descriptive of the numerous humanitarian bodies. [3s. 6d., Arnold.] " Agnus, Orme " [Rev. John C. Higginbotham]. Jan Oxber. 1900 Dorset stories in broad dialect, comic or tragic, and all rich in rustic character. Jan is a stout- hearted peasant whose love is embittered by a wrong inflicted on Ms wife, and who develops into a village Hampden. " Orme Agnus " is obviously a disciple of Mr. Hardy, though pronouncedly an optimist. [3s. 6d., Ward & Lock ; $1, Page, Boston.] Love in Our Village. 1900 The sentimental side of the Dorsetshire peasant, set forth with the same racy handling of character, humorous speech, and touches of pathos ; e.g. The Poet's Love, tale of a con- sumptive lad who writes verses that he fondly imagines to be poetry, and The Dethronement of the King, how two lasses give their deceitful lover a thrashing and humble his pride. [6s., Ward & Lock ; ?i, Page, Boston.] Zike Mouldom. 1902 Zike, according to the author, represents the angel in the nature of a Lancashire navvy. He is a character prone to excess, a powerful will rioting in sheer devilry or rushing into extremes of self-sacrifice. Both this and the other sketches are decidedly sentimental versions of rustic life, and the good moral is an important part. The Wooing of Kezia is brisk comedy. [6s., Ward & Lock ; ifi.50. Page, Boston.] Sarah Tuldon. 1903 Sarah Tuldon's Lovers. 1909 Sarah is a shrewd and strong-willed village girl, who subjugates her lazy and slatternly parents, makes the whole family clean and industrious, and marr5ang a rich farmer, becomes queen of the village, and carries out a crusade against ignorance, filth, and neglect. Her story is full of broad comedy. [Ea. 6s., Ward & Lock ; (i) 75c., Little & Brown, Boston.] The Root. 1905 [6s., Ward & Lock.] The New Minister. 1905 [6s., Ward & Lock.] • ■ Minvale : the Story of a Strike. 1906 [6s., Hodder.] The Prime Minister. 1908 [6s., Ward & Lock.] Alexander, Eleanor. The Rambling Rector. 1904 Character-drawing and pictures of Hfe and manners among Church of England people in Ulster; clerical life sympathetically drawn. [6s., Arnold ; $1.50, Longman, New York.] The Lady of the Well. 1906 Romantic adventures of a troubadour in Italy during the strife between Guelf and GhibeUine, time of Frederick II and Innocent II (p. 1240-50). [6s., Arnold (?i.5o, Longman, New York).] M 1-6;' ENGLISH FICTION Allardyce, Alexander [h. 1846]. The City of Sunshine. 1877 Treats not only of Anglo-Indian people, but of the Hindu, in a way that appeals to the educated of that race. Much of the interest is reMgious; caste, education, justice, the betrothal of infants, money-lending, and similar problems have light thrown on them ; and there are specimens of Hindu character from the Ganges basin. [6s., Blackwood.] Balmoral. * 1893 A romance of the '15, with Balmoral, Deeside, Lochnagar, and Dunnottar Castle as scenes. In the picture of the mustering of the Jacobite clans before SherifEmuir, the author shows a wide acquaintance with Highland genealogy and local history. The daughter of the Farquhars, the old lairds of Balmoral, is the heroine ; the hero represents the London Jacobites. [6s., Blackwood.] Alma-Tadema, Miss Laurence. Love's Martyr. 1886 In theme and manner strongly resembles Wuthering Heights — a passionate soul's love for one who is separated by marriage. The characters are people of unrestrained temper, who do not disguise their emotions. The heroine is a iine nature warped by ill-treatment and deeply unfortunate in her love. Period, 1806-12 ; not historical. [6s., Longman : o.p.] Anderson, A. J. The Romance of Fra Filippo Lippi: a new version of the Story of the Friar-artist and the Nun Lucrezia. [Romance of a Friar and a Nun). 1909 Thrown into the form of a novel ; the argument being that Fra Filippo was not a Don Juan but a faithful husband. Vasari's version and others are given in the appendix (1456-69). [los. 6d. n., Paul ($2.50 n., Dodd & Mead, New York).] Andreae, Percy. A Vanished Emperor. 1896 A continental romance with a sensational plot, in which contemporary potentates and states- men figure under disguised names. [6s., Ward & Lock ; I1.25, Rand, M'Nally & Co., Chicago.] Andrews, Mrs. T. R. Stephen Kyrle : an Australian story. 1901 Life of immigrants, fifty years ago, in Melbourne and at the Goldfields. [6s., Unwin.] Anon. Clare Welsman. 1883 Tragic story of a young sculptor who suddenly learns that his father and grandfather died insane. He renounces love and devotes himself to art, but dies through an act of signal heroism. The emotional life of the Quakers and the young heroine's innocent revolt from their rigorous tenets are depicted. [Remington : o.p.] Countess Irene ; by the Author of Lauterdale. 1888 Life and manners in Vienna and in an Austrian country-seat, landscapes of the Salz Kammergut and the beautiful valleys of the Traun and the Inn ; varied by pictures of Irish life and Shannon scenery, painted more sombrely. [3 vols., 25s. 6d., Blackwood : o.p.] High Treason : a Romance of the Days of George II. 1902 Love affairs of a Jacobite and a Hanoverian, the Young Pretender's visit to London ; pains- taking sketches of George Selwyn and the prime minister Pelham (1744-50). [6s., Murray.] King and Captive ; by " A Whisper." 1910 By the author of Black Mark (1909). A romance of Egyptian Thebes, 1342 B.C. The Pharaoh loves a waif from the desert who becomes a dancing-girl at the Court. [6s., Blackwood.] Philosopher Dick : Adventures and Contemplations of a New Zealand Shepherd. 1890 The shepherd, a cultured, meditative man, spends years of his life in the solitude of a mountain sheep-farm. This is not merely description of the wild existence of settlers and the details of sheep-farming thirty years ago, but also an analytical study of solitude and its effect on a thoughtful mind. By George Chamikr. [6s., Unwin.] 162 PRESENT DAY Anon, {continued). — Ponce de Leon: the Rise of the Argentine Republic, by an Estanciero. 1878 A novel which is said to be the most graphic history extant of the British invasion and the rise of Argentina (i 806-10) ; Spanish in bias, however, though the facts are said to be right. [First published in 1878 by Chapman. 12s. 6d. n., Laurie, 1910.] Punchinello. 1899 A sombre, emotional story of a self-tormented nature. Punchinello is a born artist, a lover of beauty and a successful composer, but a misshapen dwarf ; and his deformity so preys on his passionate soul that love and happiness turn to jealousy and misery. [6s., Bowden : o.p.] The Slaves of Society : a Comedy in Covers ; by the Man Who Heard Some- thing. 1900 A satire on the ways of smart society of the present day, full of character-sketches that seem to be portraits. A marchioness, who is plotting to secure a wealthy plebeian for her daughter, is the most prominent figure, a spiteful parasite is very severely handled and other prevalent types are caustically portrayed. [6s. ($1.25), Harper.] Tim [by Howard Overing Sturgis]. 1891 A delicate portrayal of a sensitive boy's devoted affection for an older boy — a very touching story of a tender and self-forgetful character. [3s. 6d., Macmillan : o.p.] " Anstey, F." [Thomas Anstey Guthrie ; h. 1856]. Vice Versa ; or, A Lesson to Fathers. 1882 A ludicrous blend of the modem conte with fantasy like the Arabian Nights. The drollery of the situation is attained by a change of personality between a schoolboy and his staid old father; after that the ordinary and probable events of school-life become exquisitely comic in their sober realism. £2s. 6d., Smith & Elder ; 50 c, Appleton, New York.] The Giant's Robe. 1883 A weak young man pretends to be the author of a play sent him by a friend in India. The unfolding of his character in the stress of such a situation, and the remorse that drives him to confess, mingle more serious elements with the comic. [2s. 6d., Smith & Elder ; 50c., Appleton, New York.] — The Tinted Venus : a Farcical Romance. 1885, The goddess Aphrodite reanimates an ancient statue and fastens herself on to a foolish hair- dresser in London — the grandeurs of classical paganism and the banalities of our common modem Ufe in ludicrous opposition, [is., Arrowsmith, Bristol; $1.50, Harper, New York.] — A Fallen Idol. 1886 An extravaganza, worked out with artful plausibility ; and a trenchant, though covert, satire on the esoteric Buddhism rampant at the time. [2s. 6d., Smith & Elder ; 75c., Lippincott, Philadelphia.] — The Pariah. . 1889 The neglected son of a parvenu father who wishes to enter Society and marries a widow of good breeding but no money. The unhappy boy, ignorant and unpolished, finds himself in the bosom of a family who hate and despise him. [2s. 6d., Smith & Elder.] — Lyre and Lancet : a Story in Scenes. 1895 A poet, author of Andromeda, and a " vet," owner of the prize bull-dog " Andromeda," are each mistaken for the other at a baronet's country seat, and the ensuing compUcations, ludicrous in the extreme, hit off satirically a number of contemporary types. [2s. 6d., Smith & Elder ; ?i. 25, Macmillan, New York.] 163 ENGLISH FICTION "Anstey, F." [continued). — ^The Brass Bottle. -, 1900 A burlesque fantasy with an unbottled genie for hero, who is liberated by a young architect, and repays his benefactor by an embarrassing series of miracles. Cf. Mrs. Shelmire's Djinn, by " Max Adeler," a story with the same motive. [3s. 6d., Smith & Elder ; I1.50, Appleton, New York.] Anteobus, Mrs. C. L. Wildersmoor. 1895 A tragedy of a mild and innocuous kind, enacted on a desolate moor in N. Lancashire : mystery- plot, love-tale, sociological criticism, and rustic humour compounded together. [3s. 6d., Chatto : o.p.] Quality Comer : a Study of Remorse. 1901 Scene, a sequestered Lancashire town. A man of integrity gives way, under circumstances that in some degree extenuate the offence, to the temptation to wrong a friend deeply and irremediably. As the plot unfolds, his sin recoils and desolates his hfe. [6s., Chatto.] Ardagh, W. M. The Magada. 1910 Tells of the Spanish capture of the Grand Canary (1482-92). [6s. ($1.50), Lane.] Arnim, Mary Annette Grafin von {nee Beauchamp]. Elizabeth and her German Garden. 1898 The chatty and reflective journal of an English lady married to a German nobleman, and employing her time in the congenial solitude of amateur gardening. Jottings on all kinds of topics, from flowers and wreaths to babies and ethics, and humorous sketches of the husband, " the Man of Wrath," and other people, including a biting one of her bete noire, a young woman with a note-book. [6s. (50c.), Macmillan; illustrated, 8s. 6d. n. ($2.50), id. ; with coloured illustrations by S. H. Vedder, 7s. 6d. ($1.75 n.), id.1 ^The Solitary Summer. 1899 The same kind of meditations, observations, and sketches of nature and human life by this female hermit living in close communion with nature in her secluded garden. Preaches an eloquent sermon on the positive value of intercourse with nature and the blessedness of repose. [6s. (?i.5o), Macmillan ; illustrated, 8s. 6d. n. ($2.50), id.] The Benefactress. 1902 Anna Estcourt, aged twenty-five, coming into a small property in North Germany, philan- thropically offers a home to twelve distressed ladies. This somewhat farcical scheme is ^worked out with considerable seriousness, and there are scenes that border on tragedy ; tut as a whole the book is quietly comic, full of superficial but caustic sketches of character and manners. The writer is a close observer of German country-folk, and the novel, though weak in structure, is unified by the personal charm and some of the feeling for nature already noted. [6s. ($1.50), Macmillan.] The Adventures of Elizabeth in Riigen. 1904 Tells how EUzabeth goes on a driving tour round the island of Rugen. The pictures of the Baltic, the coast dunes, the pine forests, the fields, and the sky effects are done with her most delicate art. Even more characteristic is the comic account of EUzabeth's journey, the farcical sketches of people she meets, and her caustic obiter dicta. [6s. (?i.5o), Mac- millan.] The Princess Priscilla's Fortnight. 1906 The idyllic life of a charming princess and an old courtier, who escape from the oppressive atmosphere of the grand ducal home and rusticate in a Somersetshire village. The tranquil course of their existence is marred, rather gratuitously, by a murder episode. [6s., Smith & Elder; $1.50, Scribner, New York.] Fraulein Schmidt and Mr. Anstruther. 1907 Letters of an independent young German lady to a weak Englishman, who is engaged to her and then falls in love with sorneone else. Interesting less for the sentimental drama in- volved than for the sharp observation and shrewd judgments of the writer, who is another Ehzabeth in her piquant humour. Contains some well-drawn portraits, e.g. the professor and other inhabitants of Jena. [6s., Smith & Elder ; $1.50, Scribner, New York.] 164 PRESENT DAY Arnim, Mary Annette Grafin von (continued). — ^The Caravanners. 1909 Chiefly a too cruel caricature of a fatuous German baron, who tells his story of a week's cara- vanning in Kent. [6s., Smith & Elder ; $1.50, Doubleday, New York.] Arnold, Edwin Lester. The Constable of St. Nicholas. [juvenile] 1884 The siege of Rhodes (1480). [3s. 6d., Chatto.] Askew, Alice J. de C. [nee Leake] and Claude Arthur Carry. The Shulamite. 1904 The Woman Deborah [sequel]. 1910 In the first, we find Deborah Krillet, the " Shulamite," married to a brute of a Boer farmer, who loves her passionately, sjamboks her relentlessly, and drives her into a blameless love for her tyrant's overseer. On the tragic death of her husband the lovers are pathetically parted ; but in the sequel harrowing complications arise, for the sundered lovers engage themselves, by a most improbable coincidence, to a brother and sister, the end being death to the Shulamite's old adorer and madness to herself. [6s., Chapman; (2) 6s.-, Nash.] Austin, Alfred [Poet Laureate ; b. 1835]. The Garden that I Love ; 2 series. 1894-1907 In Veronica's Garden. • . 1897 Lamia's Winter Quarters. 1899 Haunts of Ancient Peace. 1902 A Poet's Diary. 1904 Scarcely novels, though the character-drawing perhaps authorizes us to call them' fiction. A series of journals of leisurely life in an old, secluded garden, where the poet converses with the admiring^ Lamia on the joys of gardening, art and Hterature, politics, nature and human nature, [(i) Series i, 6s. ($2 n.), (2) 5s. n. ; (2) 6s. ($2.50 n.) ; (3) 6s. ; {4) 6s. ($2.50 n.) ; (5) 7s. 6d., Macmillan.] AvELiNG, Francis. Arnoul the Englishman. 1908 England under Henry III and France under St. Louis. Deals largely with the University of Paris, and the difierences of Regularists and Secularists in the time of Aquinas. A painstaking piece of work. [6s., Methuen.] Ayscough, John [b. 1858]. Marotz. 1908 The interest of this romance is emotional and spiritual, and differentiates it entirely from the ordinary run of fiction. Marotz is a good woman drawn at full length, a postulant who leaves her convent to marry. Her life and parting with a worthless husband, the isad career of their son, and her final happiness are related in a manner that brings out the author's earnest philosophy of life. Peasants, nuns, and other S. Italian and Sicilian figures, drawn witti force and sincerity. [6s., Constable! ; 2s. n., Chatto; fi.50, Putnam, New York.] Dromina. 1909 " Sad stories of the death of kings " is the writer's motto. He pictures a noble old Catholic house in Ireland early in the nineteenth century, descended from Irish kings, titled by the Stuarts, and sending forth claimants to thrones. A Louis XVII, an Emperor of Hispaniola, a king of the gipsies are among the tragic personages. Mr. Ayscough's romance is an affair rather of atmosphere than incident ; he has the poetic gift of revealing the " some- thing far more deeply interfused" in human life. [6s., Arrowsmith ;. $1.50, Putnam, New York.] San Celestino. 1909 The story of Pietro di Morrone (1215-96), the Celestine V who resigned the papacy after five months. [6s. n.. Smith & Elder ; J 1.50, Putnam, New York.] I6s ENGLISH FICTION Ayscough, John [continued). — Mezzogiomo. 1910 [6s., Chatto ; $1.50, Herder, St. Louis.] Hurdcott. 1911 A love-drama of the spirit, not the flesh, enacted in a fine old village amid the Wiltshire downs, at the time of Hazhtt and Charles and Mary Lamb, who just set foot upon the stage. Hurdcott, the half-Sicilian Consuelo, and the half-Hindu Basil are beautiful with the light of other worlds ; but there are more mundane characters among their friends and relations, drawn with the right infusion of humour. [6s., Chatto; ?i.5o. Herder, St. Louis.] Badrick, Frederick C. Peckover's Mill. [juvenile] 1890 Scenes, Rye and Winchelsea, time of the Jacobites and the Great Frost (1739). [2s. 6d., National Society.] King's Ferry. [juvenile] 1891 Weymouth and the neighbourhood in the days of the press-gangs (c. 1800). [2s. 6d., National Society.] The Golden Buckle. [juvenile] 1892 The Great Plague in London ; life of a hosier's family during fourteen months on a vessel in the Thames (1665). [2s. 6d., National Society.] Baerlein, Henry. On the Forgotten Road. 1909 The story of the Children's Crusade {1212), told by a peasant. France under PhiUp Augustus and twenty-three years' captivity in Egypt (down to 1235). [6s., Murray.] Bagot, Richard [b. i860]. A Roman Mystery. ' 1899 The sensational part of the story turns on a case of " lupomanaro," the terrible hereditary madness that occurs not infrequently in Italy. Fashionable hfe, domestic affairs, poHtics, and rehgious intrigue at Rome are the other materials. [6s., Methuen ; $1.50, Lane, New York.] Casting of Nets. 1901 The author is a Roman Catholic, well known as a controversialist attacking priestly methods of securingxonverts. An agnostic peer, nominally a Protestant, marries a CathoUc, whose relatives try to convert him ; a series of painful events enforce the author's arguments. [6s., Arnold ; $1.50, Lane, New York.] The Just and the Unjust. 1902 [6s. (fi.50). Lane.] Donna Diana. 1^03 [6s., Arnold; $1.50, Longman, New York.] Love's Proxy. 1504 [6s., Arnold; $1.50, Longman, New York.] The Passport. igo5 [6s., Methuen; ?i. 50, Harper, New York.] Temptation. 1907 [6s., Methuen; $1.50, Macmillan, New York.] — Anthony Cuthbert. 1908 [6s., Methuen; $1.50 n., Brentano, New York.] — The House of Serravalle. 1910 [6s., Methuen ; $1.50, Lane, New York.] Similar novels embodying an intimate knowledge of Italian life and scenery, politics and religious feelings. 166 PRESENT DAY Bailey, Henry Christopher [b. 1878]. My Lady of Orange. 1901 A tale of the Dutch rising against Philip II — a typical series of deeds of derring-do in Holland during 1573, ending with the relief of Alkmaar ; the narrator an English soldier of fortune. Alva, Vitelli, WilUam the Silent, and Diedrich Sonoy are introduced. [6s. ($1.25), Long- man.] Karl of Erbach : a Tale of Lichtenstein and Solgau. 1903 Solgau seems to be a Suabian state. Interest divided between exciting adventure and the sprightly dialogue of two romantic lovers, (c. 1640, time of Thirty Years' War). [6s. ($1.50), Longman.] The Master of Gray. 1903 The Master is Patrick Gray, 6th Lord Gray, a prominent intriguer in the days of Mary Queen of Scots, whose infamous desertion of his mistress's cause is excused on the plea of his love. But for this historical licence the story follows the records with exemplary faithful- ness. Period of Mary's captivity ; Ehzabeth, James VI, Sidney, Walsingham, Burleigh, etc., appear. [6s. ($1.50), Longman.] Beaujeu. 1905 Adventures, love-scenes, political intrigue, etc., in James II's reign and after the Revolution {1680-8). [6s., Murray.] Springtime (Under Castle Walls). 1906 An exciting romance of the early period of the Renaissance in Lombardy. The style is Mr. Hewlett's heavily dashed with Kipling. [6s., Murray; I1.50, Appleton, New York.] Raoul, Gentleman of Fortune. 1907 Concerned with the revolt of the Netherlands (1574-84), siege and relief of Leyden, siege of Antwerp, the Prince of Parma, and the doings of a French adventurer. [6s., Hutchinson ; $1.50, Appleton, New York.] — The God of Clay. 1908 A character-study of Napoleon from his days as an artillery lieutenant to the First Consulate (1785-1805). [6s., Hutchinson; $1.50, Brentano, New York.] — Colonel Stow {Colonel Greatheart). 1908 Introduces Cromwell, Rupert, and other typical characters, historical and fictitious. Civil War period (1643) ; but more of a novel of manners than historical romance. f[6s., Hutcliinson; $1.50, Bobbs-Merrill, Indianapolis.] — Storm and Treasure. 1910 A story of Sussex, Nantes, and the Vendean War (1793-4). [6s., Methuen; $1.50, Brentano, New York.] — The Lonely Queen. 1911 [6s., Methuen.] Baker, James [b. 1847]. By the Western Sea : a Summer Idyll. 1889 Scene, Lynmouth and its beautiful surroundings. The growth of love for a person physically deformed. [3s. 6d., Chapman.] The Gleaming Dawn. 1896 A romance of the Hussite wars in Bohemia in the early fifteenth century. [6s., Chapman.] The Cardinal's Page. 1898 Bohemia, Prague, Burgstein, and England (1422-32). The author has travelled largely in the countries that provide the scenes. [6s., Chapman.] Baker, Mrs. L. A. [" Alien "]. The Untold Half. 1899 A dramatic romance of passion enacted amid the wild and soUtary mountain scenery of Lake Manapouri and the Cathedral Peaks in New Zealand. [6s., Hutchinson; $1, 50c., Putnam, New York.] 167 ENGLISH FICTION Baker, -Mrs. L. A. [continued). — The Devil's Half -Acre. 1900 A romance of sin and expiation, with pictures of rough life in a mining district of New Zealand. The dominant figure is a religious fanatic known as "The Prophet," with an evil past. [6s., Unwiri.] Balfour, Andrew [b. 1873]. By Stroke of Sword. . [juvenile] 1897 Adventures in Drake's time, in Fife, Devon, and on the Spanish Main (c. 1585). [6s., Methuen; $1.25, 50c., i-ane. New York.] To Arms ! 1898 A Stevensonian romance of the Jacobite rising, which in Scotland was defeated at Sherifimuir (1715), with melodramatic adventures in Paris. [6s., Methuen ; 50c., Page, Boston.] : Vengeance is Mine. * 1899 Adventure in Scotland and in France during the Hundred Days. [6s., Methuen ; J1.50, 50c., New Amsterdam Book Co., New York.] The Golden Kingdom. [juvenile] 1903 An imitation of Stevenson and Rider Haggard. Story of the quest for a kingdpm of gold in Central Africa (c. 1700). [6s., Hutchinson; $1.50, Page, Boston.] "Baring, Max" [Charles Messent ; 6. 1857]. A Prophet of Wales. 1905 A study of the " Singing Revival " (1904-5), with a good deal of actual incident and portraiture of real people. [6s., Greening : o.p.] Barlow, Jane [&. i860]. Irish Idylls. 1892 . Detached sketches of life among the poor cottars in a moorland hamlet in Connaught, rendering with sober truthfulness the character, the manners and emotions of these people of re- stricted Ufe but large imagination, oppressed ■vn.t\^ poverty, but full of hope, deeply rehgious and trustful in Providence. Widow M'Gurk, Ody Rafferty, Mrs. Kilfoyle, and Father Rooney are drawn with subtle penetration and much quiet humour. The sadness of the picture is further lightened by the sensitive eye which sees the dignity of poverty and the goodness and charity that may dwell in lowly hearts. This and the later stories are remarkable for their pure, pellucid, and refined prose. [6s., Hodder ; $2, Dodd & Mead, New York.] Kerrigan's Quality. 1893 Similar sketches of the poorest peasantry, connected by a slight plot, the strange and dramatic chain of circumstances by which a girl learns the dreadful fate of her missing lover. There is much humour in the judgments passed by village gossips on their pet aversion, Kerrigan, an enriched peasant returned from Australia, who entertains a family of quality. [6s., Hodder.] Strangers at Lisconnel. 1895 Rather more genial stories about the Bogland, which Miss Bsirlow depicts with so much of the poetry of landscape, adding some fresh characters to those introduced in Irish Idylls, the most delightful of which is the poor old hedge-schoolmaster, Mr. Polymathers. The selection still remains very narrow, however, omitting such characteristic types as the Irish priest, the money-lender, and the agitator. [6s., Hodder.] Maureen's Fairing ; and other Stories. 1895 Eight Uttle stories, chiefly of life in Ballyhoy, a pleasanter place than Lisconnel. [2s. 6d. n.. Dent (75c., Macmillan, New York).] Mrs. Martin's Company ; and other Stories. 1896 Seven stories, chiefly of a light and humorous kind, very tender in their sketching of poor, refined, good-hearted people. Mrs. Martin is a devout old soul living in an out-of-the-way spot, to whom a sort of latter-day miracle happens, quite credibly, of course, with the result that she gets no lack of company to cheer her loneliness. A Very Light Railway is a touching sketch of child-life, and A Case of Conscience a police-court comedy, [2s. 6d. n., Dent (75c., Macmillan, New York).] 168' PRESENT DAY Barlow, Jane (continued).' — A Creel of Irish Stories. 1897 The Keys of the Jest tells how .a myth grows up in a child's mind, the sketch of the little girl and the household of broken-down gentry drawn with characteristic tenderness ; The Snakes and Norah is a Uttle tragi-comedy of a peasant girl's temptation and the monster born of remorse ; Three Pint Measures, a comic sketch of low life ; and A Proud Woman, a humorous character-portrait of an old Irishwoman, a poor huckster with the pride of a duchess. Half a dozen sketches of the same West Irish peasantry. [6s., Methuen ($1.25, Dodd & Mead, New York).] From the East unto the West. 1898 More, stories about the Lisconnel folkj and some Oriental tales curiously resembling her Irish tales in many features. The Puzzle of Jarbek is an excellent sample of her story-telUng, a fearsome but comic adventure with a lioh in the desert. [6s., Methuen.] ■ — '■ From the Land of the Shamrock. 1901 Delicate interpretations of Irish character in the form of brief anecdotes, evoking the fatahsm and the poetry so deeply rooted in the Celtic peasant. [6s., Methuen ($1.50, Dodd & Mead, New York).] — By Beach and Bogland : a Book of Irish Stories. 1905 [6s., Unwin.] Irish Neighbours. 1907 Two collections of characteristic stories — seventeen apiece. [5s., Hutchinson.] Irish Ways. 1909 A .story like Ourselves and our Island gives a kind of conspectus of the Irish question, in so far as it is a problem of racial character. The other stories are much in the accustomed vein, portraying the finer qualities of the poorest peasants in the West, and bringing out with subtle and poetic insight the unobtrusive beauties o£ the desolate bogland. In all these tales the dialect is reprbduced with the most scrupulous pains. [Illustrated, 15s., Allen.] Mac's Adventures. ■ 1911 A pretty character-portrait of an idoUzed child — Irish, of course. [6s., Hutchinson.] f Flaws. 191I Quite a characteristic novel, with characters from the genteel and the peasant classes. [6s., Hutchinson.] Barmby, Beatrice Helen {d. 1904]. Rosslyn's Raid ; and other Tales. 1903 A fierce and bloody saga of Border fighting in Elizabethan times. A small masterpiece both as perfect narrative and as an intense realization of the past. Rosslyn — the reckless, chivalrous Border lord — ^though sketched in such brief compass, is a creation of extrp,- ordinary vigour. Also two shorter tales, of which The Slave of Lagash takes us back to ancient Chaldsea. [is. 6d. n., Duckworth.] Barr, Robert [1850-1912]. In the Midst of Alarms. 1894 A journalist's love-story, illustrating Canadian country life at the time of a threatened Fenian invasionfrom the United States. [6s., Methuen ; 75c., Stokes, New York.] The Countess Tekla. 1898 Adventures on the Rhine borders (c. 1273-91) ; the heroine a high-spirited countess who, after . many perils, is wooed and won by an emperor in disguise. [6s., Methuen ; $1.25, Stokes, New York.] . . — The Strong Arm. . 1900 Brief tales of action, chiefly in mediaeval Germany ; the Prince- Bishop of Treves appears again, with other fighting prelates, and that sinister tribunal the Vehmgericht of WestphaUa plays a dramatic part. Converted is grimly humorous ; the'Warrior Maid is a story of Nelson. [6s., Methuen; I1.25, Stokes, New York.] 169 ENGLISH FICTION Bare, Robert [continue^. — A Prince of Good Fellows. 1902 Eleven spirited stories about that versatile personality James V, the Scottish Haroun al Raschid, poet, etc. [6s., Chatto.] Over the Border. 1903 The usual novel of adventure — the King at Oxford, and Cromwell's attention monopoMzed by the borderer William Armstrong, who rides to Oxford with£a message from the Scots (1641-5). [6s., Isbister; $1.50, F. A. Stokes, New York.] — Cardillac. 1909 A romance of the early part of Louis XIII's reign (161 7-8), introducing the Queen-Mother, Marie de Medicis, etc. [6s., Mills & Boon ; $1.50, Stokes, New York.] — The Swordmaker. 1910 Frankfort and the predatory Rhine barons of the fourteenth century. [6s., Mills & Boon; $1.25, Stokes, New York.] Barrett, Frank [b. 1848]. A Prodigal's Progress. 1882 A plot-novel, with sensational episodes and pictures of domestic life in the earlyjuineteenth century. The reformation and restoration of the Prodigal give rise to much play of character ; several of the personages are racy types, particularly that strange mixture Parson Tickel. [2s., Chatto.] — — The Admirable Lady Biddy Fane. 1888 Adventures of a iierce young Comishman and the kinswoman he is in love with, in the W. Indies and elsewhere, among pirates, marooners, Indians, Portuguese, etc. [6d., Cassell.] A Set of Rogues. 1895 The rogues belong to a company of strolling players, driven from London by the Plague and reduced to dire straits. A certain Spaniard engages them in a conspiracy, which serves to bring out their eccentricities and to make some improbable and amusing situations. [6s., Innes : o.p.] Breaking the Shackles. 1900 Represents fairly this author's work. A perplexing and startling series of crimes, mysteries, and intrigues, woven into a tolerably plausible story. Contains good scenes of convict life. [6s., Macque^n : o.p.] Barrie, James Matthew \h. i860]. Better Dead. 1887 A slight but amusing extravaganza : the " Society for Doing Without Some People," and its trade in slaughter of celebrities who have done their work, is a new and farcical version of De Quincey's Murder as a Fine Art, or of Stevenson's Suicide Club. [2s. 6d., Sonnenschein.] Auld Licht Idylls. 1888 Disconnected character-sketches and anecdotes of the gossips, the village worthies, the weddings, christenings, funerals, and, in fact, the whole humble domestic life of the small Forfarshire market-town of " Thrums " or Kirriemuir early in the nineteenth century. Only the pleasanter aspects are given. With that exception, the sketches are reahstic, and draw freely on autobiographical material. Full of humorous dialogue in broad Scots. Mr, Barrie is one of the greatest of the sentimentalists, and akin to Sterile as well as to Gait, Christopher North, and George MacDouald. He is a conscious sentimentalist, who plays with sentimentality and holds it up to satire, as appears more clearly in the two novels dealing with Sentimental Tommy. [3s. 6d., is. n., Hodder ; $1.25, Scribner, New York. Illustrated by Wm. Hole, 31s. 6d., Hodder.] — When a Man's Single. 1888 The struggles of a dour, self-educated Scot, a Thrums saw-miller, who goes to London and wins fortune as a leader-writer, with the ups and downs of his courtship of a girl of much higher social station. Comic sketches of life in a newspaper ofi&ce, and of the author's native Thrums. [3s. 6d., Hodder ; 75c. n., Burt, New York.] 170 PRESENT DAY Barrie, James Matthew (continued). — A Window in Thrums. 1889 A sequel to the Idylls ; stories and sketches, some humorous, some pathetic, knit together by the history of a family of cottars. Its distinguishing quality, next to the thumb-nail sketches of native humorists and their inimitable talk, is the author's reverence for simple piety and for the domestic affections. [3s. 6d., Hodder ; ?i.25, Scribner, New York. With coloured illustrations by A. C. Michael, 6s. n., Hodder ($2, Scribner, New York).] My Lady Nicotine. 1890 A bundle of journalistic sketches (contributed to the St. James's Gazette) of a little coterie of devout smokers, their lifelike, if sometimes farcical, conversations, escapades, mis- adventures, and sentimental musings. [3s. 6d., Hodder ; 75c., Caldwell, Boston.] The Little Minister. 1891 A romantic fantasia on the Thrums motive : the love affairs of the Auld Licht minister and a beautiful and sprightly " Egyptian," who is a lady in disguise, give the book more of the structure of a novel than the foregoing. The sketches of character and of Scottish manners and religious sentiments are very humorous, and there are passages from Ufe full of un- affected pathos. [3s. 6d., is., Cassell ; 75c., Caldwell, Boston.] Sentimental Tommy. 1896 First volume of the life-history of a Thrums boy, whose unconquerable insincerity and habit of posing, even to himself, typify the artistic temperament; a very quaint, novel, and illuminating study of idiosyncrasy. The first portion is one of the most inspired accounts of child life ever written, revealing with extraordinary insight the working of a boy's mind and imagination. From the back streets of London Tommy is suddenly transported to the real Thrums, which has hitherto been to him a kind of elysium, painted in golden tints by his mother. Then begins a delightful epic of boyhood and girlhood, as exquisitely humorous as it is true, and in many parts deeply pathetic. [6s., Cassell ; $1.50, Scribner, New York.] Tommy and Grizel [sequel]. 1900 Continues the biography of Tommy the writer to his unanticipated death. As he grows older his self-consciousness becomes more pronounced, and each act of his is penetrated with affectation as he views everything through a literary atmosphere as so much " copy "; his flirtations are theatrical posturings, his whole life is make-believe, either for the benefit of his friends and admirers or in sheer self-deception. There has certainly been no such comedy of sentimentality since Sterne— Meredith's anatomy of the fine shades and the nice feelings in Sandra Belloni is quite different. Mr. Barrie revels in Tommy, whose affec- tations are a perpetual delight. The noble and patient character of Grizel is portrayed with the same perfect art ; and the minor figures, Aaron Latta, Corp, Mr. Cathro, Gavinia, and other Thrums originals, the serial novelist Pym, and the degenerates from London society are all drawn with a firm hand. [6s., Cassell ; I1.50, Scribner, New York.] The Little White Bird. 1902 A wayward and eccentric fantasia in which Kensington Gardens is turned into a land of en- chantments. The first half tells how an old fogey interests himself in a young couple and becomes a second father to their little boy. Then Peter Pan comes into the story — the little boy that never grew up — and we are launched upon a fairy epic that must captivate any child. The earlier part, however, is where we see the real J. M. Barrie's inimitable blend of truth and fancy, tenderness and subtle humour. [6s., Hodder ; $1.50, Scribner, New York.] Peter and Wendy. 191 1 This is the story of Peter Pan, the children's comedy, turned into a novel, with pictures recalUng the stage scenes of that irresponsible fantasy. Peter is Sentimental Tommy, and Wendy is Grizel, reduced to infantile standards. [6s., Hodder; $1.50, Scribner, New York.] Barrington, Michael. The King's Fool. 1904 A romance of the Middle Ages and the land of the troubadours. Yvot, a noble lad, appears in the guise of a jester amid the pomps' and revelries of a king's court ; his secret tragedy is full of pathos. [6s., Blackwood.] 171 ENGLISH FICTION Barrington, Michael (continued). — The Reminiscences of Sir Barrington Beau- mont, Bart. 1902 Autobiography of a Georgian gentleman in London, Paris, and Sweden (1775-1812), portrait of Axel Fersen (who is the hero), and glimpses of Horace Walpole, Marie Antoinette, etc. [6s., Blackwood.] The Knight of the Golden Sword. 1909 Grahame of Claverhouse (whom the atithor tries to vindicate), and, less prominently, Charles II and James II, Waller, Pepys, etc. (1672-89). [6s., Chatto.] The Lady of Tripoli. 1910 Another troubadour romance ; scenes, Bordeaux and Tripoli (1146-7). [6s., Chatto.] Barrington, Emilia Isabel Russell [nee Wilson]. Lena's Picture: a Story of Love. 1892 Opens with uneventful family life in a Somersetshire country-house, and passes on to Cologne and Bayreuth, where the love-drama reaches its most poignant interest, returning in the end to the west Somerset hills and moors. Vignettes of English and Continental scenery in town and country, and conversations about art and music deepen the interest of the heroine's experiences. [5s., Harper.] Barry, Rev. William Francis [b. 1849]. The New Antigone. 1887 A doctrinaire novel, propounding various poUtical and sociological questions, and dealing largely with the life and intrigue of Anarchist and Nihihst agitators. The drama of passion and self-immolation, in which Hippolyta Valence is the protagonist — a figure of great spiritual beauty — ^is full of ideality and power. Imbued by her Nihilist father with belief in the rightness of free love, she acts upon her principles — ^to the sorrow of herself and her lover. Long digressions and descriptive passages somewhat mar the artistic effect. [3s. 6d., Macmillan.] The Two Standards. 1899 The wealthy and idle classes of to-day represented by a group of generic characters, and judged from a high moral standpoint. Interest centres in the heroine, her struggle for the better standard of human conduct, the hopes and disillusions of her married hfe. She has intimate relations with a man of genius, evidently meant for Wagner. [6s., Unwin ; $1.50, Century Co., New York.] Arden Massiter. 1900 A young English Socialist, in Italy as a newspaper correspondent, gets immersed in the strife of the Camorra and the various revolutionary forces devastating and transforming the country. A broad picture, full of realistic detail, is drawn of the overburdened peasantry, the intriguing clergy, the corrupt poUticians, and the general conditions of Italian hfe to-day. [6s., Unwin.] The Wizard's Knot. 1901 A novel of Irish hfe, influenced by the New Irish movement in literature. The tragic loves of a gentleman and a peasant girl, the Irish peasantry with their humours, superstitions, and poetry, are presented with insight and power, and there is a moving description of the famine in S.W. Cork. [6s., Unwin.] — The Dayspring. 1903 The love romance of a talented young Irishman in Paris at the close of the Second Empire. The widowed countess he loves, his friend the Legitimist, and the necromantic villain, are the exotic souls in whom Dr. Barry delights. Incoherent, melodramatic, a fairy-tale in construction ; but full of ideas — Celtic ideas, both Irish and French in origin — and remarkable for the enthusiasm that renders it almost lyrical. A lurid picture of the Commune, with sketches of Rochefort, Thiers, Gambetta, etc. [6s., Unwin.] 173 PRESENT DAY Bartram, George. The Thirteen Evenings. 1901 Miscellaneous stories told in a club smoking-room, sensational, mystical. Rabelaisian, and bucolic. Three, of the West Indies, reaUstically present extremely unfamiliar phases of life, and the sketches of rustic originals from the English Midlands are full-flavoured and humorous. Forcible and terse in style and treatment, sometimes coarse. Kiphng's influence is apparent. [6s., Methuen.] The Longshoremen. 1903 Smuggling, from the preventive's standpoint. The real hero is a gigantic exciseman, a martyr to duty, a true man of action. The Sussex town of Hoigh, with its canting mayor and smuggling justices, and the open or surreptitious attempts to bring them to book, make brisk comedy ; whilst the harsh, muscular characters come out in savage deeds of lust and revenge. [6s., Arnold.] Lads of the Fancy. 1906 A "muscular" novel of 1811. Life in London and the Shires in the great days of the ring and fashionable gambling. [6s., Duckworth.] Bates, Havergall. The Believing Bishop. 1901 A satire on those accepted standards which are really a compromise between Christian ideals and the alleged necessities of practical life. The bishop orders his conduct strictly accord- ing to the example of Christ's earthly life, and the result is worldly failure and spiritual triumph. The characters and daily incidents of town life are represented realistically, and the criticism is in the form of Socratic dialogue. [6s., G. Allen.] Baxter, J. D. The Meeting of the Ways. 1908 On the Roman Wall (367-9), the fighting with the Picts ; fortified with antiquarian notes. [6s., Greening : o.p.] Beattie, WilHam B. The Werewolf. 1910 Tells of a grand seigneur's harsh treatment of his peasants, in the days of Anne of Austria and Mazarin. Cardinal de Retz, Ninon de I'Enclos, Bergerac, Mile, de Scudery, etc., appear ; middle seventeenth century. [6s., Paul.] Beaumont, Mary. A Ringby Lass ; and other Stories. 1895 A little love-tale of rustic Yorkshire folk in the early forties. The lass is a loyal, unsophisti- cated girl, who sacrifices herself heroically for her father's sake. With some shorter tales also largely in dialect, and a pathetic study of a Maori wife who reverts to savagery. [2S. 6d., Dent.] Joan Seaton : a Story of Parsifal. 1896 A touching story of the Yorkshire dales, strong in local colour and excellent in rendering the dialect. [4s. 6d., Dent ; with intro. by Dr. R. F. Horton (Everyman's Library), is. n.. Dent (35c. n., Dutton, New York), 1912.] The New Woman ; and other Stories. 1899 Title-story personifies the duty of work in two women who set passion aside. Also The Avenger , a pathetic tale ; and His Wife's Hand, a village story of a ruffian's reformation. [6s., J. Clarke.] Becke, George Louis [6. 1848]. By Reef and Palm; and other Stories. 1894 Short tales of Hfe among the natives and wild seamen in the South Sea Islands. [2s. 6d., Unwin ; 75c., Lippincott, Philadelphia.] His Native Wife. 1896 A Uttle romance of the South Seas. The Polynesian heroine in the denouement murders the woman whom she suspects of courting her European husband, illustrating the thesis of racial incompatibility. [2s., is. 6d., Unwin ; 75c., Lippincott, Philadelphia.] 173 ENGLISH FICTION Becke, George Louis {continued). — ^The Ebbing of the Tide : South Sea Stories. 1896 Twenty-one tales of Europeans and natives afloat and ashore in Polynesia. Luliban of the Pool and Hickson are bloodthirsty tales of the irregular amours of whites and coloured women. A Boating Party of Two is a dark story of brutality and revenge. Scenery, manners and customs, and racial peculiarities of the South Sea Islanders vividly repre- sented. [3s. 6d., Unwin ; $1.25, Lippincott, Philadelphia.] Rodman the Boatsteerer ; and other Stories. 1898 Fierce, melodramatic stories, representing a bygone state of things among the traders, whalers, slavers, and natives of Polynesia and Malaysia, some harking back to the times when Australia was a convict settlement. Rodman heads a mutiny on a Yankee slaver, and is the only survivor of the boat's crew who escape. The sketch includes a vivid account of whale- fishing. The Trader is a tale of fiendish revenge. The Trader's Wife, with its incident of a woman cut in two by a shark, is not more " bluggy " than divers others. The strange con- trasts of character in Europeans and natives, the irregular morals, Yankee brutalities, crimes of lawless men, are depicted with vivid actuality, and so is the fairy atmosphere of the coral isles. [6s., Unwin; ?1.50, Lippincott, Philadelphia.] — — Tom WalHs. 1900 A longer tale of native and sea life in Papua, with some Australian scenes. [2s. 6d., is., R.T.S.] Edward Barry, South Sea Pearler. 1900 A sensational story with sketches of nautical life and of the natives of the South Seas. Barry finds himself chief officer on a ship whose skipper was murdered by a rascal who has seized the vessel. [6s., Unwin ; I1.50, Page, Boston.] Helen Adair. 1903 Helen is an Irish girl who gets herself convicted as a felon in order that she may follow her father, transported to Botany Bay. [6s., Unwin; $1.50, Lippincott, Philadelphia.] The Adventures of a Supercargo. 1906 [63., Unwin ; $1.50, Lippincott, Philadelphia.] Becke, G. L., and Walter Jeffery ]h. 1861]. A First Fleet Family. 1895 Almost more fact than fiction, and wholly dressed in historical garb, with close reproduction of eighteenth-century expressions and ways of thinking — the story of the colonization of New South Wales, with sketches of the felon-colonists and their governors (1787-92). [6s., Unwin ; $1.50, Macmillan, New York.] The Mutineer : a Romance of Pitcairn Island. 1898 Founded on the history of the famous mutiny on H.M.S. Bounty and the subsequent settle- ment of the mutineers on a desert isle {1787-90). [6s., Unwin ; $1.50, Lippincott, Philadelphia.] Beddoe, David M. The Honour of Henri de Valois. 1905 Describes Mehemet All's conquest of Syria, capture of Acre, etc. (1828-32). A spirited story of love, heroism, and a soldier's honour, worked out with due regard to historical fact. [6s., Dent.] Beerbohm, Max [6. 1872]. Zuleika Dobson ; or, An Oxford Love Story. 1911 A comic fantasy of undergraduate life at Oxford : Zuleika a bewitching Artemis who drives everyone mad with hopeless passion. [6s., Heinemann ; $1.30, Lane, New York.] Bell, Florence, Lady [formerly Mrs. Hugh Bell, nee Oliffe]. Miss Tod and the Prophets. 1898 An old maid with luxurious tastes and straitened means learns that the earth is to be destroyed by a comet, and resolves to obtain the maximum enjoyment out of her little capital in the brief period left. A study of character under conditions that bring out its latent forces [2s. 6d., Macmillan.] 174 PRESENT DAY Bell, Robert Stanley Warren [6. 1871]. Love the Laggard. 1901 A fascinating and capricious young lady and a millionaire, whom she jilts on the eve of matri- mony ; literary and theatrical people, a pair of eccentric parsons, a weakly, amiable baronet, etc. The crisp dialogue smacks of the stage. [6s., Richards : o.p.] Tales of Greyhouse. [juvenile] 1901 Wholesome and vivacious stories of school life, written for boys — and others. [3s. 6d., Newnes.] Belloc, Hilaire [6. 1870]. Lambkin's Remains. 1900 A satire on an imaginary Oxford don, interesting chiefly to the initiated. [2s. 6d., Vincent, Oxford : o.p.] — The Aftermath ; or, Gleanings from a Busy Life ; called upon the outer cover for purposes of sale, Caliban's Guide to Letters. 1903 Pokes fun at all slaves to stupid convention in journalism and in what nowadays goes by the name of Literature, [is. 6d. n., Duckworth.] — Emmanuel Burden, Merchant of Thames Street, London. 1904 A similar satire on heavy, dull, conventional respectability. [6s., Methuen.] Mr. Clutterbuck's Election. 1908 Light satire of foolish and mischievous tendencies in the political life of our day — bolstering of commercial interests by Government, anti-Semitism, etc. A stupid City man gains a fortune by lucky blundering, wins an election, is unseated, and gets knighted through the whim of a man with social influence. [6s., Nash.] A Change in the Cabinet. 1909 Like the last and the next, a skit on professional pohtics. [6s., Methuen.] Pongo and the Bull. 1910 More of the same clever though sketchy satire of the pretentious vulgarity of industrial civilization, of professional politics, and so-called " democracy " run as a job for the aristo- cratic and moneyed classes. Mr. Belloc is French by birth and temperament, and an earnest Roman CathoUc. [6s., Constable.] The Girondin. 191 1 The experiences of a young man in 1792 who is impressed into the army of the Republic and killed at Valmy. Extremely vivid in the picturing of actualities, as if by an eye-witness. [2s. n.. Nelson.] Belloc-Lowndes, Marie Adelaide [Mrs. Lowndes, wee Belloc; b. 1868]. Barbara Rebell. 1905 Barbara's Ufe at St. Germains, and later in London after an unhappy marriage. The first part comprises a view of the French Court in its splendour just before 1870. [6s., Heineman ; 50c., Dodge, New York.] Bennett [Enoch] Arnold [b. 1867]. Anna of the Five Towns. 1902 An appealing study of simple, self-efiacing womanhood, ignorant of worldly wisdom, but capable of great heights of renunciation. Anna is the child of a rich miser, erstwhile a pillar of the Methodists. The best side of the sect is brought out, while the worst — the religiosity, the pretences, and the hypocrisy — is satirized with quiet humour. [3s. 6d., Chatto ; ji.50, McClure, New York.] -. A Great Man. 1904 A satire on the literary tastes of the great majority. The great man is a solicitor's clerk who takes to writing novels, and even becomes a playwright, and by catchy titles and other meretricious effects captures the British pubhc and makes enormous gains. [6s., Chatto.] I7S ENGLISH FICTION Bennett [Enoch] Arnold {continued).— Tales of the Five Towns. 1905 The Grim Smile of the Five Towns. 1907 Slight stories of the Potteries district, several of them effectively contrasting London and provincial life, the impression made on the provincial by his first experience of the metro- polis, and vice versa, [(i) 6s., Chatto ; (2) 6s., Chapman.] — Whom God hath Joined. 1906 The history of two divorce cases in two closely related households, studied with most exact realism, the sole improbabiUty being the coincidence of the two. The erring wife, and the injured wife and daughter, are excellent examples of the author's deep understanding of women. The scene, one of the towns in the Potteries, of which Mr. Bennett is a native. [3s. 6d., Nutt.] — The Old Wives' Tale. 1908 The lives of two women from girlhood to death, two ordinary types whose experience of life illustrates the passage of an epoch, the engulfment of the mid- Victorian era by over- whelming modernity being typified in the disappearance of the Five Towns in an industrial metropolis with all the crudity and vulgarity of to-day. The staid and unromantic sister who Uves out her Ufe in Bursley is finely contrasted with the energy and self-reliance of her more fastidious sister, who makes her own fortune abroad and has interesting experiences during the siege of Paris. The first half of the book is rich in ironical satire of provincial respectabiUty and pharisaical evangelicaUsm. [2s. n., Hodder ; $1.50 n., Doran, New York.] — Buried Alive. 1908 A farcical entertainment, with bit's of satire in the vein of A Great Man. An eminent and eccentric painter changes identities with his dead valet, and an extravagant series of complications ensue. [6s., Chapman ; $1, Breutano, New York.] — The Glimpse : an Adventure of the Soul. 1909 A spiritual adventure related with circumstantial realism. A man falls into a trance and has a glimpse of the life outside and around that we are conscious of ; and the experience changes his attitude towards his wife, his villainous friends, and his fellows in general. [2s. n.. Chapman ; $1.50, Appleton, New York.] — Helen with the High Hand : an idyllic diversion. 1910 A preposterous comedy. The masterful Helen, a school-teacher in the Five Towns, turns a crabbed and miserly old relative into a fine gentleman and makes him spend his money in a princely style that he would never have dreamed of. [6s., Chapman ; ?i.20 n., Doran, New York.] — Clayhanger. 1910 Another slice of ordinary, undistinguished life — the obscure tragedies, unnoticed heroisms, and unaccomplished romances that make half a century of human history — in the Potteries. Hardly a character is out of the average, yet all ahke prove the intense individuality of every individual. The inner life of Clayhanger, a shy, clumsy, ineffectual young man, and the outer Ufe of his people and the more versatile and cultivated Orgreaves. [6s., Methuen, $1.50 n., Button, New York.] — The Card : a Story of Adventure in the Five Towns. 1911 The more fantastic side of life in the Five Towns. The Card is a light-hearted adventurer and self-made man, who achieves the mayoralty mainly by a combination of cheek and savoir- faire. [6s., Methuen.] — Hilda Lessways. 1911 Not a sequel to Clayhanger, but the other side of the story, i.e. the life of Hilda previous to her marriage with Clayhanger, and her unfortunate relations with the bigamous Cannon. The domestic life of a crowd of female characters, and the exciting emotional experiences of Hilda, give ample scope for psychological analysis. [6s., Methuen.] 176 PRESENT DAY Benson, Arthur Christopher [b. 1862]. The House of Quiet. 1903 [is. n., Murray ; $1.50 n.. Button, New York.] The Upton Letters. 1905 [3s. 6d. n., Smith & Elder ; $1.25 n., Putnam, New York.] The Gate of Death : a Diary. 1906 [6s. n.. Smith & Elder ; $1.25, Putnam, New York.] - — Beside Still Waters. 1907 [7s. 6d. n.. Smith & Elder ; $1.25 n., Putnam, New York.] The Altar Fire. 1907 [7s. 6d. n., Smith & Elder ; $1.50 n., Putnam, New York.] At Large. 1908 [7s. 6d. n., Smith & Elder ; $1.50 n., Putnam, New York.] The Silent Isle. 1910 [7s. 6d., Smith & Elder ; $1.50 n., Putnam, New York.] Paul the Minstrel ; and other Stories : reprinted from The Hill of Troubles (1903) and The Isles of Sunset (1904). 1911 [7s. 6d., Smith & Elder.] These are either mixed collections of essays or a kind of " imaginary portraits," as Pater would call them, a good deal more than essays but not quite novels. They contain a thread of biography — -or autobiography — and much introspective portraiture, or self-revelation thinly disguised. Both The House of Quiet (1903) and The Upton Letters (1905), the latter in epistolary form, give us the ruminations of a man of culture and leisure on all sorts of matters, the ethical equation being always at the back of his argument. The titles in- dicate the slight degree of difference between the others. Beside Still Waters (1907) describes the moods and meditations of a contemplative man, averse from practical affairs, but anxious to find the work which he beUeves allotted him by God's scheme of provi- dence. He settles down at last as a lonely scholar at Cambridge, and in At Large more of his impressions of English scenery, education, religion, conduct, literature, and what-not are presented in Mr. Benson's melUfiuous prose, which is as emotional as Pater's but less subtle and less ornate. The Altar Fire adopts the same kind of machinery, and again the development of character is weak and vague, the real interest lying in the essays, sermons, or dissertations which are strung together on the biographical thread. Benson, Edward Frederick {b. 1867; brother of preceding]. Dodo : a Detail of To-day. 1893 A smart representation of smart Society, which made a hit partly because the heroine was alleged to be a thinly disguised sketch of a well-known lady. A paradoxical jocularity, and satire tempered with complacent appreciation, are the saUent qualities, [is. n., Hodder ; ?i, 50c., Appleton, New York.] Limitations. 1896 Theme, the Umitations of life and art : the two exponents, a woman who fails to win the man she loves, and a sculptor who aims at the great Hellenic ideals but gets his bread by producing trivial statuettes. [2s. n., Ward & Lock; $1.25, Harper, New York.] The Vintage. 1898 The Capsina [sequel]. 1899 Quiet, idyllic scenes of country life and manners, and scenes of violent adventure during the Greek War of Independence (1821-2). Greeks and Turks, shepherds, village maidens and truculent ruffians, make a motley crowd of characters. Historic personages figure ; even Apollo comes on the stage. The Capsina is a winsome Amazon, who performs wonders of valour, but at last perishes tragically. The seas and mountains of Greece are lavishly depicted as background, [(i) is. n., Methuen,- J 1.50, Harper, New York; (2) 3s. 6d., Methuen ; $1.50, Harper, New York.] N 177 ENGLISH FICTION Benson, Edward Frederick (continued). — Mammon & Co. 1899 A return to the smart, self-indulgent Society of Dodo. Aristocratic company-promoters, baccarat-swindlers, a woman who goes wrong and is perhaps meant as an awful warning of the results of mammon-worship, a Mrs. Malaprop and other serio-comic figures are presented half complacently and half satirically. [6s., Heinemann ; $1.50, Appleton, New York.] The Princess Sophia. 1900 A fantasia, mixing comedy and sensation, after the manner of Tke Prisoner of Zenda."^^ The Princess Rhodope is a bom gamester ; she turns her domain into another Monte Carlo, but obtains as much congenial excitement from the intrigues of her husband and her diplomats as from the roulette table. [6s., Heinemann ; $1.25, Harper, New York.] The Luck of the Vails. 1901 A tissue of unlikely events plausibly narrated : the villain, a great-uncle who plots to murder the young heir of the family, is interesting as a study of the criminal temperament, and recalls Wilkie Collins's Count Fosco. [6s., Heinemann ; $1.50, Appleton, New York.] The Challoners. 1904 A more serious treatment than is usual with Mr. Benson of family estrangement through the vagaries of character, illustrated in a brother and sister who make their own lives, one by a musical career, the other by her marriage, in opposition to their father, an orthodox clergyman. Some of the by-characters are interesting, particularly the paradoxical Lady Sunningwell, and the satire of hide-bound parochiaUsm is amusing. [6s., Heinemann.] An Act in a Backwater. 1905 The Image in the Sand. 1905 The Angel of Pain. 1906 Paul. 1906 The House of Defence. 1907 Various novels on the same general pattern, realism tempered with emotional and melo- dramatic excitement. [Ea. 6s., Heinemann ; (i) $1.50, Appleton, New York; (2), (3), (4) ea. $1.50, Lippincott, Philadelphia ; {5) 50c., Cupples, New York.] Account Rendered. 1911 Handles four characters very searchingly — Lord Tenby and his mother, an anxious, insincere woman, a young girl he marries, and a young man that his bride really loved. The com- pUcations hinted at in this description of the cast is worked out on the character basis. [6s., Heinemann.] — Juggernaut. 1911 ' The troubles of a wife whose husband's heart and soul are monopolized by his literary work. [6s., Heinemann.] Benson, Very Rev. Monsignor Robert Hugh [b. 1871 ; brother of preceding]. By what Authority ? 1904 A novel illustrating the troubles of Catholics in Elizabeth's time (1569-.90) ; scenes, London and N. England. [6s., Pitman.] -- — The King's Achievement. 1905 A CathoKc's view of Henry VIII's conduct towards the monasteries (c. 1534-40) — ^very contro- versial. More, Fisher, Cromwell, etc., appear. [6s., Pitman.] The History of Richard Raynal, Solitary. 1906 Supposed to be reprinted from a MS. found at Rome — the history of an English hermit in the fifteenth century. A study of Quietism, with portraits of Henry VI, Cardinal Beaufort, and others. [6s., Pitman.] 178 PRESENT DAY Benson, Very Rev. Monsignor Robert Hugh {continued). — The Queen's Tragedy. 1906 An erudite, controversial apologia for Queen Mary of England by an eminent Roman Catholic divine. The Princess Elizabeth, Philip of Spain, Cardinal Pole, and others are introduced (1553-8). [6s., Pitman.] The Sentimentalists. 1906 Begins a series of religious and spiritualistic studies of present-day life, chiefly of people in the class that goes to Eton and Oxford. They deal with religious experiences of the most esoteric kind, and are as much propagandist arguments for the supreme truth of Catholi- cism as novels in the ordinary sense. [6s., Pitman ; $1.25 n., Benziger, New York.] — A Mirror of Shalott. 1907 Short stories revealing Father Benson's craftsmanship at its best, and suffused with spiritual imagination and poetry. [6s., Pitman.] — Lord of the World. 1907 A romance of 2050 a.d., with sensational descriptions of the material aspects of life in the future, but intended to set forth the conflict of principles between the two great camps of Humanitarianism and of believers in the Catholic God. [6s., Pitman; 1 1.50, Dodd & Mead, New York.] — The Conventionalist. 1908 More controversial than ever. A study of people in conventional county society, and the incursion of the supernatural into their lives. Some characters reappear from The Senti- mentalists. [6s., Hutchinson ; I1.50, Herder, St. Louis.] — The Necromancers. 1909 A young convert to Rome whose love has just died falls under the spell of an enthusiastic and successful medium, and is barely rescued from madness. Argues that spiritualism is a perilous commerce with diabolic powers which are lying in wait to enthral the soul. [6s., Hutchinson; $1.50, Herder, St. Louis.] — A Winnowing. 1910 In this case, a wealthy young man, a CathoUc, devoted to sport and mundane interests, is caught back from the brink of death, having " become aware of a real world of spirit, and all the rest." He builds a convent, and proposes that he and his wife shall become monk and nun. The sequel is a psychological surprise. Has the usual sensuous descriptions of Roman ceremonial, especially of the life of monastics. [6s., Hutchinson; $1.50, Herder, St. Louis.] None Other Gods. 1910 Another spiritual biography in which it is taught that the two worlds are one. A peer's son enters the Roman Church, takes to poverty and the Uf e of a gentleman tramp, and sacrifices himself to the bitter end in working out his scheme of purgation and devotion to the. spiritual aim of life. [6s., Hutchinson ; $1.50, Herder, St. Louis.] The Dawn of All. igir A vision of the world in 1973, when the Church has become omnipotent. A fulsome, but very unalluring, picture of sacerdotalism rampant. [6s., Hutchinson; $1.50, Herder, St. Louis.]' Beresford, J. D. The Hampdenshire Wonder. 1911 Satirizes modern Positivism, whether academical or that of the man in the street. Also, a plea, for mystery and romance. The prodigy is born with a finer intellect than Newton's, and rapidly acquires more learning than a dozen " Encyclopaedia Britannicas." His effect on all he comes in contact with is surprising and amusing. [6s., Sidgwick Jackson.] Bevan, Tom. Beggars of the Sea. [juvenile] 1903 Earlier stages of the protracted struggle with Spain ; the Gueux, the terrible siege of Haarlem {1573), etc. [3s. 6d., Nelson.] 179 ENGLISH FICTION Bevan, Tom {continued). — ^A Hero in Wolf-skin. [juvenile] 1904 The struggle between the Romans and the Goths ; scenes, the Danube and Rome under Gallus (250-1). [3s. 6d., R.T.S. ; $1.50, Jacobs, Philadelphia.] A Trooper of the Finns. [juvenile] 1905 A fierce narrative of fighting between Finns and Croats. The hero is a young English soldier of fortune, in the Thirty Years' War (1630). [3s. 6d., R.T.S.] Red Dickon the Outlaw. [juvenile] 1906 Time of the Black Death and the Peasants' Revolt — John Ball, Wat Tyler, etc. (1381). [2s. 6d., Nelson.] Bidder, IMary. Westminster Cloisters. 1887 A posthumous story of a monkish artist in the days of Richard I, Queen Eleanor, and Prince John (1193). [5s., Wells Gardner.] BiNDLOSS, Harold [6. 1866]. A Wide Dominion. 1899 [2S., Unwin.] Ainslie's Ju-ju. 1900 A trading venture into the hinterland of Lagos, Nigeria, leads a party of Europeans into terrible straits and perils, from which the hero owes his escape to the possession of a mystic ju-ju or taUsman. [3s. 6d., 2s., Chatto.] A Sower of Wheat. 1901 [6s., Chatto.] — The Mistress of Bonaventure. 1903 [3s. 6d., Chatto.] — Alton of Somasco. 1905 — A Damaged Reputation. 1906 [$i, Fenno, New York.] — By Right of Purchase. 1908 — Thrice Armed. 1908 — The Greater Power. 1909 !Novels depicting the rough hfe of settlers in Canada, the result of first-hand observation. All Mr. Bindloss's stories are full of exciting adventure, on the Western prairies, in the wilds of Africa, and elsewhere, and of the hard experiences of sailors, ranchers, engineers, and explorers. [Ea. 6s., Long.] "BiRCHENOUGH, Mabel C. [nee Bradley ; b. i860]. Disturbing Elements. 1895 Quietly contrasted character-studies ; e.g. Mrs. Lanion, a well-bred and clever woman of the world, and her high-minded, unsophisticated granddaughter. [6s., Smith & Elder ; $1.25, Macmillan, New York.] Potsherds. 1898 [6s., Cassell.] Bird, Robert. Joseph the Dreamer. [juvenile] 1895 This and the following are character-studies of the three greatest figures in the New Testament story. [5s., Longman; $1.50, Scribner, New York.] Jesus the Carpenter of Nazareth. [juvenile] 1899 [6s. (?2), Nelson.] Paul of Tarsus. [juvenile] 1900 [6s., Nelson ; $2, Scribner, New York.] i8a PRESENT DAY Birmingham, G. A." [Rev. James Owen Haniiay; b. 1865]. The Seething Pot. 1904 [6s., Arnold.] Hyacinth. 1905 [6s., Arnold.] Benedict Kavanagh. 1906 [6s., Arnold.] The Northern Iron. 1907 [6s., IS. u., Maunsel.] The Bad Times. ^ f 1908 [6s., Methuen.] Mr. Hannay is the Rector of Westport, Co. Mayo, and a Gaelic Leaguer, His earlier novels are a makeshift sort of fiction, the object being to give a simple and sympathetic account of critical episodes of Irish history in an attractive dress. His political attitude is nation- alist in the most liberal sense, and he has a fellow-feeUng even for opponents. The Seething Pot deals with Pamell's time. Hyacinth and Benedict Kavanagh criticize the embroiled politics of to-day, and the former satirizes a Roman CathoUc sisterhood. The Northern Iron deals with the northern movement in '98, which ended in the defeat before Antrim. The Bad Times is an account of the evils of the land system and the doings of the Land League in the seventies and eighties. Spanish Gold. 1908 [6s., IS. n., Methuen ; ¥1.20, Doran, New York.] — The Simpkins Plot. 1911 [2s. n.. Nelson ; $1.20, Doran, New York.] ■ — The Major's Niece. 1911 [3s. 6d., Smith & Elder.] In these three novels, bound together by the delightful personahty of "J. J.," Mr. Birmingham leaves serious historical fiction for light comedy and farce. The Rev. J. J. Meldon is an extremely unorthodox clergyman from the west of Ireland, who in the first novel performs miracles of agiUty, valour, and address in a competitive search for hidden treasure ; in the second engineers a plot for getting rid of an objectionable agent ; and in the third triumphs absurdly over difi&culties caused by a visit of the Lord-Lieutenant. He is an irresistible talker, a champion Har, a shrewd and satirical critic of things in general. His observations on Irish affairs are full of sound sense. The sceptical Major Kent, the impish Marjorie, and dozens of EngUsh and native characters are capitally drawn. — The Search Party. 1909 Farcical incidents inaugurated by a crazy anarchist in a western village. [6s., Methuen; $1.20, Doran, New York.] — Lalage's Lovers. 191 1 In a kindred vein, with another humorous creation in the hoydenish Lalage Beresford. [6s., Methuen ; $1.20, Doran, New York.] BiRRELL, Olive. Love in a Mist. 1900 A sympathetic study of a fanatical devotee of SociaUsm, who wrecks his life and sacrifices the welfare of his family. His daughter's love for a humble but heroically unselfish character, and his tragic death, are the chief matters of the domestic drama, and his ill-assorted household furnish comic relief. [6s., Smith & Elder.] i8i ENGLISH FICTION Black, Clementina. An Agitator. 1895 A brief study of political movements in the history of a Socialist. He works as a strike leader, as agitator in London, and as Labour candidate, suffers imprisonment on a false charge, and is eventually saved by the true culprit's confession. [2s. 6d., Sands.] ■ The Pursuit of Camilla. 1899 A very eventful love-romance of an Anglo-Italian girl, who is abducted by a scoundrelly lover, pursued by two others, an Englishman and a Polish artist, and ultimately rescued and engaged to the right man. Most of the scenes in Northern Italy. [6s., Pearson; $1, 50c., Lippincott, Philadelphia.] Caroline. 1908 A love-story with careful character-drawing and accurate portraiture of manners, dress, language, etc., in the last decades of the eighteenth century. [6s., Murray] Black, Ladbroke Lionel Day [b. 1877], and Robert Lynd. The Mantle of the Emperor. 1906 Career of Louis Napoleon (aft. Napoleon III) down to his escape from Ham (1830-46). [6s., Griffiths.] Blackburn, Douglas. A Burgher Quixote. 1903 Ostensibly the memoirs written by himself of Sarel Erasmus, nominal author of the amusing satire on Boer officialdom, Prinsloo of Prinsloosdorp (3s. 6d., is., MacLeay). An ironical narrative, satirizing Boer character in the persons of those rogues and skulkers who fought for their country from various discreditable motives. Sarel the law-agent, his brother the horse-stealer, the traitor Andries Brink, and the humorous Paul du Plooy, are made to depict their own characters. Ben Viljoen and Joubert are drawn with generous apprecia- tion. [6s., Blackwood.] Richard Hartley, Prospector. 1905 A South African novel ; society on the Rand, life on the Veld, and the character of the Boer. [6s., Blackwood.] Blackwood, Algernon \h. 1869]. The Empty House ; and other Ghost Stories. 1906 The Listener ; and other Stories. 1907 John Silence, Physician Extraordinary. 1908 The Lost Valley ; and other Stories. 1910 Three ghost-story books and a novel deaUng cleverly with occult and ghastly themes, by methods at times simply blood-curdhng, at others employing aU the craft of a mental pathologist familiar with the theories of modem spiritualism. Dr. Silence is a mental Sherlock Holmes who unravels a lot of absurd mysteries by the aid of " psychometry." A Suspicious Gift in the first book, and The Willows, Max Hensig, and May Day Eve in the other collection are good examples of the genre. [Ea. 6s., Nash; (3) $1.50, Luce, Boston.] Jimbo : a Fantasy. 1909 Experiences " beyond the veil " of a child deUrious from brain fever — briUiant descriptions of a flight through infinite space. [3s. 6d. n. ($1.25), MacmiUan.] The Education of Uncle Paul. 1909 Nothing unpleasant here. Uncle Paul is a middle-aged business man from the wilds of Canada, who has preserved the illusions of childhood, and so wins the freedom of a Uttle band of captivating children and their wonderful dreamland. [6s., MacmiUan; $1.50, Holt, New York.] The Human Chord. 1911 [6s. ($1.50), MacmiUan.] 182 PRESENT DAY Blackwood, Algernon [continued).— The Centaur. 1911 Two mysterious Russian peasants turn out to be survivals from the ancient and venerable race of Centaurs, noble beings living on a higher plane than ours. [6s., Macmillan.] Blake, N. M. The Siege of Norwich Castle. [juvenile] 1893 A story of the Norman Conquest (1073-96), strong in local colour. [5s., Seeley.] The Glory and Sorrow of Norwich. [juvenile] 1899 Edward III and the Black Prince at Norwich, the Hundred Years' War, and the plague at Norwich (1340-50). [3s. 6d., Jarrold ; $1.50, Page, Boston.] Grantley Fenton. [juvenile] 1902 A boy's story of Napoleon at Elba (i 814-5). [6s., Jarrold.] Bland, Mrs. Hubert [Edith, nee Nesbit]. In Homespun. 1896 Ten stories told in homely English by rustic characters, mostly women, of S. Kent and the Sussex downs. [3s. 6d. n.. Lane.] The Story of the Treasure Seekers ; being the Adventures of the Bastable children in search of a fortune. [juvenile] 1899 A mock romance ; the adventures of a family of six children in London, who fall into endless scrapes and whimsical exploits. Andrew Lang praises it highly, and says, " Give it to children." [6s., Unwin ; $1.25, Stokes, New York.] The Wouldbegoods. [juvenile] 1901 A similar story about children, for children and others. [6s., Unwin ; $1.50, Harper, New York.] The Red House. 1902 The adventures and blunders and the joys of a young couple who enter upon their housekeeping career in a rambling old country house that has been left them. [6s., Methuen ; $1.50, Harper, New York.] — The Literary Sense. 1903 [6s., IS. n., Methuen ; f 1.50, Macmillan, New York.] — The New Treasure Seekers. [juvenile] 1904 Further episodes in the mischievously adventurous lives of the Bastable family. [6s., Unwin ; $1.50, Stokes, New York.] — Oswald Bastable [sequel]. 1905 [6s., WeUs Gardner.] The Incomplete Amorist. 1906 The doings of a flirtatious artist in an English rectory and Paris studios. [6s., Constable; $1.50, Doubleday, New York.] — Man and Maid. 1906 Amusing magazine stories, some of them concerned with ghosts — ^not of a serious kind. [6s., Unwin.] — The Railway Children. [juvenile] 1906 [6s., Wells Gardner ; 75c. n., Macmillan, New York.] — These Little Ones. [juvenile] 1909 Two further collections of amusing exploits and experiences of very original children. [3s. 6d. n., G. Allen.] 183 ENGLISH FICTION Bland, Mrs. Hubert [continued). — Daphne in Fitzroy Square. 1909 An independent young lady's independent career among art students and artists; — amusing in the way of Mrs. Bland's children episodes, with love passages of a rather warmer com- plexion to follow. [6s., G. Allen ; $1.50, Doubleday, New York.] Blatchford, Robert [b. 1851]. A Son of the Forge. 1894 The autobiography of a poor waif from the Black Country, who goes through the horrors of the Crimean War, is invalided, but fights a hard battle for existence in London, winning a comfortable position in the end, and the love of a true wife and of true friends, [is., Innes : o.p.] Tommy Atkins of the Ramchunders. 1895 A realistic story of Ufe in the ranks of the British army by an ex-sergeant. The author is a well-known Socialist, whose stories are meant as object-lessons, [is. n.. Clarion Press.] Blisset, Nellie K. The Most Famous Loba. 1901 A chronicle supposed to be written in 1226. Persecution of the Albigenses (1207-18) ; Car- cassonne ; Raymond, Count of Toulouse, Simon de Moutfort, etc. [6s., Blackwood ; $1, 50c., Appleton, New York.] Blyth, James [b. 1864]. Juicy Joe : a Romance of the Norfolk Marshlands. 1903 Paints the inhabitants of a Marshland village as a set of lazy, drunken, vicious sots, with nothing above the brutes but low cunning and hypocritical devotion to church or chapel — a picture as ugly as La Terre, though executed without unpleasant grossness. A London girl marries Juicy Joe, and comes to a tragic end, the drama being artistically staged amidst the impressive scenery of the marshes. An unselfish old woman redeems the story from utter squalor. [6s., Richards.] — Celibate Sarah. 1904 [6s., Richards.] - — ^ Deborah's Life. 1905 [6s., Nash.] — The Same Clay. 1905 [is. n., Richards.] — Lawful Issue. 1906 The problem of the deceased wife's sister in a gossiping village. [6s., Nash.] The King's Guerdon. 1906 The Norfolk marshes at the time of the Plague and the sea fights with the Dutch ; Charles II, Rochester, Pepys are introduced. [6s., Digby & Long.] A Hazardous Wooing. 1907 [is. n.. Ward & Lock.] The Perils of Pine's Place. 1911 The incidents are furnished by a vast SociaUst plot and its collapse, and the writer's animus against the government and eulogistic portrait of the country's greatest soldier detracts from the purely literary interest. But amends are made by the sound characterization of the men and women of the story, their love affairs and other personal matters. [6s., White.] Bodkin, Matthias M'Donnell [b. 1850]. Lord Edward Fitzgerald. 1896 A nationalist novel embodjdng the romantic incidents in the early life of the famous rebel, his relations with the Indians, and his life in Ireland. The facts are genuine, but Uberties have been taken with the dates (1780-95). [6s., Chapman.] 184 PRESENT DAY Bodkin, Matthias M'Donnell {continued). — The Rebels [sequel]. 1899 Lord Edward's later career (1796-8), Castlereagh's preparations for suppressing the rebellion, Humbert's invasion, etc. [2s., Duffy, Dublin.] In the Days of Goldsmith. 1903 Sketches Goldsmith, Burke, Garrick, Johnson, in an Irish milieu. [6s., Long.] Patsy the Omadhaun. 1904 One of several volumes of short stories, largely in the brogue, recounting comic exploits and adventures and bringing out the humorous side of the peasants. [3s. 6d., Chatto.] — — True Man and Traitor. 1910 Robert Emmet's story from his Trinity days to its tragic close. Besides his love affair with Sarah Curran, many romantic incidents of a fictitious kind are combined with the facts (1803). [2s., Duffy, DubUn.] " BoLDREWOOD, Rolf " [Thomas Alexander Browne; b. 1826]. Robbery under Arms. 1888 Rolf Boldrewood fixed the type of his novels in the first, which is also one of his best, in which a bushranger, in prison awaiting death, tells his story from the critical moment when the convict showed his children the hiding-place of the stolen cattle, through incident after incident to the final tragedy. Depicts bad and good characters as they are, with no sentimentaJism and Uttle extenuation. [3s. 6d. ($1.25), Macmillan.] The Miner's Right. 1890 [3s. 6d. ($1.25), Macmillan.] A Colonial Reformer. 1890 Tells about the introduction of fencing runs instead of shepherding. Totty Freeman, the selector's daughter, is a good specimen of his indigenous types of people. [3s. 6d., Mac- millan.] A Sydney-side Saxon. 1891 A rough Australian squatter, starting as a pauper, by shrewdness and industry grows rich. He tells his own life-story artlessly and vividly, and offers a splendid advertisement to would-be emigrants. [3s. 6d. ($1.25), Macmillan.] — Nevermore. 1892 Spirited stories of wild life on the goldfields. [3s. 6d., Macmillan.] — A Modern Buccaneer. 1894 A graphic nautical tale, depicting the life of a Sydney sailor, adventures in the Pacific along with a filibustering skipper, fights with natives, and a good deal of shady life. [3s. 6d., Macmillan.] — The Squatter's Dream. 1895 Contains characteristic pictures of exploring, trekking, and sheep-farming on the large scale in the old days before the gold rush. Adventures with bushrangers and natives, and ex- periences of drought and floods, evidently based on personal experience. [3s. 6d. ($1.25), Macmillan.] — War to the Knife ; or, Tangata Maori. 1899 Adventure in New Zealand in the sixties, at the time of the Maori War. The hero is a love- lorn EngUsh gentleman, who emigrates, and takes part in the fighting. Bishop Selwyn appears. [3s. 6d. ($1.50), MacmiUau.] — Babes in the Bush. 1900 The successful career of a broken-down gentleman who in mid-century years emigrates to New South Wales with his family and takes to fanning. A leisurely narrative, full of descrip- tions of outdoor Ufe, racing, exploring, trekking, duelling, etc. [3s. 6d., Macmillan.] i8S ENGLISH FICTION Bone, David W. The Brassbounder. 1910 Experiences of an articled apprentice round the Horn to San Francisco in a 3000-ton barque. The author is his own illustrator, and both in his prose, heavily salted with nautical vernacular, and in his hard-bitten lines, is vigorously picturesque. [6s., Duckworth.] Bone, Florence. The Morning of To-day. 1907 A tale of the N. Riding at the time of Jacobite intrigue and Methodist revivaUsm (early eighteenth century). John Wesley appears, and young university men, clergy ,_ gentlefolk, and shepherds are among the varied characters. [$1.25, Eaton & Mains, New York.] A Rose of York. [juvenile] 1910 Fairfax's siege of York in 1644. [2s., R.T.S.] Bone, Gertrude. Children's Children. 1908 An extremely simple tale of the poorest and humblest people in some remote country place by the sea. The old peasant farmer, bereaved of children and grandchildren, is invested with the simplicity and the dignity of tragic endurance. Drawings by Muirhead Bone. [6s., Duckworth.] Bourne, George. The Bettesworth Book : Talks with a Surrey Peasant. 1901 Memoirs of a Surrey Labourer : a Record of the Last Years of Frederick Bettesworth. 1907 Not novels, except that art has given to an actual document a truth superior to mere fact. " Bettesworth " was one of the poorest class of country labourers, a man quite uneducated, but of real personal worth, and, in spite of his ignorance of things outside his own small world, possessed of shrewdness, wisdom, and no little native wit. Mr. Bourne, his employer in the last years of his life, writes down his sajdngs and doings in a patient, Boswelllan journal, adorning them in no way except by making the grammar and dialect a little more intelligible. What art he applies is in sketching the surroundings of the man and his petty traits of character in a graphic and feeling way. Hence the book has a truth different, if not superior, to the most realistic work of fiction. Its evidences of the patient suffering, the stoical endurance, and the inextinguishable courage and charity of a fine relic of our ancient peasantry, touch one's heart and enlarge one's sense of kindred with a power of homely pathos few books achieve, [(i) 2s. 6d. n., Lamley; (2) 2s. 6d. n., Duckworth] " Bowen, Marjorie " [Gabrielle Margaret Vere Campbell]. The Viper of Milan. 1906 [6s., Rivers; $1.50, McClure, New York.] The Glen 0' Weeping. 1907 [6s., Rivers.] The Sword Decides. 1908 [is. n.. Greening ; $1.50, McClure, New York.] Black Magic. 1909 [6s., Rivers.] I Will Maintain. 1910 [6s., Methuen ; $1.50, Dutton, New York.] Exuberant historical stories, artless, lurid, emotional, and often quite subversive of historical truth, but certainly absorbing as romances, and settUng down to a more serious interpreta- tion of the past in the later books. The Viper of Milan [6d. n., Amalg. Press] is of the Italian renaissance ; The Glen 0' Weeping [6d., Amalg. Press] tells about the Glencoe massacre ; The Sword Decides [is. n., Greening] relates the crimes of Giovanna of Naples. The fifth (1672-7) begins