f (55 tORNEIX UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES riHACA. N. Y. 14583 JOHN M. OUN LIBRARY 'v , /: ^('^b/ M/..^i2l!i^.^. Cornell University Library F 159.G3S84 Historic Germantown / 3 1924 010 316 598 . ■'''Sip■^:'■u^ rJ-h GIB'S?' /^.^rz-t^a-,/ J^^^<^^ The original of tiiis book is in tine Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924010316598 Historic Germanto\vn BY DAVID SPENCER, D. D. HORACE F. McCANN. PUBUSHER^ ^ ^^.»'' Gennantown, Philadelphia '^. / i** ■^A-'SS* ■■■f \ ■ ' - ^ vV^' 3^ COPTBIQHT, 1908, BY DAVID SPENCEB ■;> v-'^' ^''^- ^Ci^ DEDICATION To the memory of my Father and Mother, Charles W. and Mary H. Spencer, who, from May, 1850, to their death, made their home in Germantown, and whose bodies rest in beautiful Ivy Hill Cemetery, this volume, by their youngest son, is most affectionately dedicated. CONTENTS Chapter Page I Historic Germantown 9 II Beautiful 17 III Educational ■ 23 IV Professional 31 V Progressive . 40 VI International 49 VII Philanthropic 55 VIII Industrial 62 IX Financial 69 X Musical 78 XI Military 84 XII Homeful 91 XIII Mercantile . 96 XIV Healthful 100 XV Social . 108 XVI Religious "5 XVII Antique . 124 XVIII Literary 130 XIX Patriotic 136 XX Washingtonian 142 XXI Athletic . 148 XXII Journalistic " 154 XXIII Suburban . 158 XXIV Civic . 163 XXV Hospitable . 169 XXVI Homogeneous 174 XXVII Telephonic ■ 179 XXVIII Accessible 184 S^XJIX Outreaching 188 XXX Prospective 191 FOREWORD An abiding and growing love for the town, where my happy boyhood days were' spent, an honest and ever in- creasing pride in it, as the home of my riper years, and a profound interest in its past, present and future, as well as an ever-expanding appreciation of its fellowships and friendships, I have been prompted to write what is here- with sent forth on its mission of information as well as inspiration. All honor to the memories of the past, the most enlarged benedictions conceivable upon the people of the present, and the grandest realization of ail that is most sanguine for the future is the wish of Germantown's friend ; THE AUTHOR. HISTORICAL GERMANTOWN CHAPTER I. Prior to 1854 Germantown was in the county of Phila- delphia. That year both city and county were incorporated as one city, which made Germantown a part of the city of Philadelphia. From whatever standpoint the town is viewed, whether along educational, patriotic, religious, national, civil, social, industrial, literary or antique lines, it certainly deserves and is worthy the name Historic. If not the most, it cer- tainly is one of the most historic towns of all in the United States. On October 6, 1683, its founders arrived in Philadelphia, and on the 25th of said month they "took up lots" and began the settlement of the place. Coming from Germany they properly called their new community Germanopolis, or "Germantowne." The settlers purchased the land at one shilling an acre, and in the distribution of the property lots were cast. Plans for the arrangement and division of the town were made by Francis Daniel Pastorius, in reality the founder of the place, whose interesting career is part - of the glory of our early history, and after whom is named one of our largest and best public schools, situated on East Chelten avenue, between Sprague and Devon streets. The first to take up their residence here were "Men- nonites, or German Friends." -William Penn, in writing to James Logan of these, says : "They are a sober people, divers Mennonites, and will neither swear nor fight." Germantown's well-known historian, Edwin C. Jellett, says: "There was a close connection, both in Germany and in their adopted country, between the Mennonites and Friends, and for a time the Mennonites lost their identity in the new colony." 9] For a century and more it remained an humble village, not thickly populated, its residences extending along the Main street for a little over a mile ; yet ex-Governor Samuel W. Pennypacker and Edwin C. Jellett give it credit for the following noted historic facts, as so well phrased by Mr. Jellett : "This village gave to this country the first Mennonite Bishop of the first Mennonite Church, who built the first paper mill in America — William Rittenhouse. i^t '\ CHRISTOPHER SAUER PRINTING HOUSE "It produced through Francis Daniel Pastorius the 'Four Treatises,' the first original scientific work published in America. "It numbered among its citizens two of the most emi- nent scholars among the early emigrants to America- Francis Daniel Pastorius, who wrote fluently in eight lan- [10 guages, and Henry Benhard Kuster, who translated the Bible from the Septuagint Greek. "These German Christians of Germantown in 1688 issued the first formal protest against American slavery. An anti-slavery society was organized the same year in their church. This was a whole century and three-quarters of another before the Emancipation Proclamation of Presi- dent Lincoln went into effect — January i, 1863. BIRTHPLACE OF DAVID RITTBNHOUSE "This village produced the first Pennsylvania school book, the 'Primer of Francis Daniel Pastorius, published in 1698. "It produced the first American portrait in oil, that of John Kelpius, painted by Christopher Witt in 1705. "In 1708 it built the first Mennonite meeting-house in America. "It became the first home in America of the m.ost unique body in the history of emigration, 'The Bre'thren,' a sect 11] which oame to Germantowne in its entirety and here built its first church. This church was organized December 25, 1723. They were originally called Dunkers, or German Baptists. "Here was issued the first known medical diploma in America, that given in 1738 to John Kaighn, of Haddon- field, N. J., by Dr. Christopher Witt. "Here was born Dr. Adam Kuhn, a pupil of Linneus, and who in 1768 .became the first teacher of materia medica and botany in America. "Here was produced the first American Bible in an Euro- pean tongue. It passed through seven editions before an English edition appeared. "Here was published in 1746 the 'Geisthches Magazien,', the first religious magazine issued in America; also the first book upon 'Rules of Conduct' in America — that of Christopher Dock, printed by Christopher Saur. "Here the great American astronomer and philosopher, David Rittenhouse, was born. He, in 1769, published first to the world the approximately accurate distance of the earth from the sun. "Here was published the first American book upon peda- gogy — that of Christopher Dock, who for some seasons taught in the Mennonite School, and whose work was printed by Christopher Saur. "Here was produced the first cast type made in America ; also, through Christopher Saur, the 'ten plate stove,' a work of first importance to the Colonists. "Here also was produced Godfrey, who gave the quad- rant to the mariner, and at a later period Ottinger, who gave the 'life car' for seamen in distress. "Here, through John Downey, was given to Pennsylvania the school system now in general use throughout its ter- ritory. [12 "Here first in Pennsylvania was issued a petition, signed by 250 of its inhabitants, urging the adoption of the Federal Constitution." Besides these facts, many others will appear in these pages, giving abundant proof that our town is certainly deserving the title "Historic." Very fine German linen was also made here, perhaps the first in the country. As early as 1685 Robert Turner wrote to ^^'^illiam Penn: "The Germans," referring to these early settlers, "are manufacturing linen finely." ROBERTS' OLD MILL The first grist mill ever established in Pennsylvania was the old Roberts Mill, on Church lane, erected in 1683 by Richard Townsend. Here Gilbert Stuart, the great artist, lived when he exe- cuted the historic portrait of Washington, now in the Atheneum of Boston. Of all the portraits of the "Father of His Country," this one, made in Germantown, is most popular and most copied. 13] The very battle of Germantown, which occurred Octo- ber 4, 1777, has contributed its share to make the town his- toric. No American history would be complete without it. In every public school of our land the pupil learns about it. True, some think it did not amount to much. The loss of eighteen hundred men on both sides, in the space of three hours, may not count for much in modern warfare. In the days of "Seventeen seventy-seven," however, con- sidering all the circumstances, it was a hard-fought and KBYSER HOMESTEAD MENNONITB MEETING HOUSE terrible battle. I know it was a defeat, and our battle monument in Vernon Park commemorates a defeat, but Bunker Hill monument in Boston does the same. Defeats sometimes, however, prepare the way for succeeding vic- tories. As in the case of Bunker Hill so also it was in Germantown. The very ground around the Chew man- sion, as well as the old house itself, and other important points in the vicinity, are thrillingly historic. They have a world-wide as well as a local fame. [It The most widely adopted confession of Christian faith, as well as church covenant, among the Baptists of this country, and perhaps of the world, is known as "The New Hampshire Confession of Faith." The author of both con- fession and covenant was the Rev. J. Newton Brown, D. D., a man who lived, died and is buried in Germantown. His solitary grave, at the side of the First Baptist Church, on Price street, is an historic spot. I have recently discovered another laurel, which is a valu- able contribution' to the credit of our town. In 1767, the first Baptist Association in New England was organized at Warren, R. I. It was called the Warren Association. I attended its centennial in 1867. This now celebrated body had its first Confession of Faith printed in Germantown. Its title page reads : "The Sentiments and Plan of the War- ren Association, printed in Germantown, by Christopher Sower, 1769." This document was on sale in Philadelphia, "in sheets, for seven coppers apiece, and bound, 15 coppers." n\ ^n^W^lM .....™^ g^^H| '" '-"^^ t ^^^B^JBHR. ' ''Ti-^'i^ k a^aa '*^"'^^ ^^^^3^<^H^^/Sw^j^^6MwH hL ^^ ^ " "^^t -^^^h^^^^^^emIri^ ^B 'I'bi^ ^"^^^^^^^ ^1 '- a,rf]K; \^ '^^•W^ ''/ '^'i BJB ^^Sj^^^h ' \ ''^^^it^l wfc ^^H^n •gj^p , ^® ,"^ ^ 'Ij ^^H * ' J|Q- ■ ^\£^ H : ^kI'^^^H |L . gwAfiw^^^B HH Mft^^lmW' W- %^m H^H ■ )^?S^^P|^ nl 1 Nrte """^^BlWfi^Kvk^ ^^^B ^jfe r|tejjjM^i^^fe M. "^^Ullp \ ■PP^!^FT?NpM^M'''/j^8Mia ^ ^ ^^^^B J l^'^tiapg A .mBc? m^B P- ^ jiSlLAl^Mlfe *^T^^ ^ Jk i^^^^vKim'^9 ;i^k MUh ^pffj^^Sw^^^BB ^i-<% \v^^ . In the all-round work; too, of the regular family physician, what marked ability they have displayed. How many, whose friendship these have won and retained, could rise and testify in proof of all this. For some of the old physi- 35] cians of the town, who long ago ceased their earthly prac- tice, we retain the profoundest regard for and recognition of their sterling ability, as well as an appreciation for the confidence reposed in them. From the very first letters of the alphabet to the very last, names occur to us,^ gratefully treasured in many a home for the splendid outcome of their watchfulness, wisdom and efforts. Nor need any shame come to our faces as we go over the roll of the medical men and women resident and practising in the town at the pres- ent time. Some of the first names of prominent citizens in Germantown to-day recall noted physicians, after whom they have been named, doctars who once moved among throngs of admiring arid confiding patrons. Our splendid Germantown Hospital, with its widening fame for skill, service and success, added to the merit of the medical staff of the town, past and present, all combine to adorn Professional Germantown. One or two other facts in this connection are further con ■ firmatory of our subject. Here was issued the very first medical diploma ever given in this entire country. This was in 1738. Its recipient was John Kaighn, of Haddon- field, N. J., arid Dr. Christopher Witt was the man who bestowed it. It is claimed that Dr. Adam Kuhn, in 1768, entered upon the work of teaching materia medica and botany. He was the first person in this country to begin this line and he was born in Germantown. These are only samples of what might be added were all the facts accessi- ble or in hand. relative to the details in many a physician's life and practice hereabouts. When we come to speak of those who have lived or do live here, who have been or are teachers in our schools, pub- lic or private, as well as professors in higher institutions of learning, words fail us to set forth our exalted ideas of their ability and worth. From the teacher in the earliest primary class on up through the several grades to those who have [36 been at the head of these schools and still on through all the branches of the High, Normal, College, University and Seminary courses, what accomplished men and women come into view. Their moulding, culturing influence and PRINCIPAL WILLIAM KERSHAW work are beyond compute. Fortunate, indeed, we have been for the teaching ability here displayed and possessed. Then, too, the literature, conduct of pedagogy, have been 37] made the debtors by what these teachers have written and formulated to advance better methods of instruction, re- search and educational advantages. Many professionals, along the lines comprehended in this article, have made their home in Germantown, while their real work called ROBERT THOMAS, ESQ. them elsewhere. For these classes, as well as others, Ger- mantown has always been a desirable place of residence. Its air, its quiet, its environment, its accessibility, its moral atmosphere and social status have had their attractive influence. [38 In conclusion, we declare no better clergymen have been found anywhere, no abler lawyers ever lived, no more skil- ful physicians ever practised, and no more competent teachers ever taught than those who have lived in German- t6wn. "Professional Germantown," then, is no meaningless name. It recognizes a galaxy of notables who, in the two hundred and twenty-five years of our local history, have made the quartette of professions honorable, efficient, pro ficient and sufficient to command our admiration and appreciation. 39] PROGRESSIVE GERMANTOWN CHAPTER V. Ever and anon we meet with those who speak of Ger- mantown as slow, rutty, unaggressive, a relic of the past. Nothing is more unwarranted than such an opinion. There is here a wondrous regard for the past, and worthily so, too. Such a past, as is ours, is something to be proud of. It can- not and ought not to be ignored. There is also a marvel- ous enthusiasm in the present for the future — a character- istic which has not been absent in the years agone. Com- paring this year with the last, or this decade with the pre- ceding one, we may not see much advance ; but contrast the town of a century ago with its present status, or think of it as it was fifty years ago, and view it at the present time. A hundred years ago, with here and there an exception, its residences simply lined the Main street for about two miles in length, and what a street it was for mud and dust at cer- tain seasons of the year ! Now how changed, with houses — fine ones, too — in every direction for miles and miles, with well paved and sightly thoroughfares. A few incidents covering the last half century wiH more fully illustrate the great progress the tovvn has made. When, with his father, William Spencer, the late Charles Spencer began his work as a manufacturer in this town, only three trains a day ran between Germantown and the city. To miss a train then meant considerable. Not ready sometimes with his hosiery goods, which he sold in the city, to take the morning train, and unable to wait for the next one, he would walk all the way to the city, carrying his goods upon his back. Contrast our present great manufacturing inter- ests and splendid facilities for travel with those days and the fine progress will appear. [40 When, in 1857, I left German town to begin my studies at ' Lewisburg, in this State, I started from an old shed depot at Germantown avenue and Price street, at 6 A. M., on a single car that ran by gravity, without a locomotive, all the way to' Ninth and Green streets. At Fisher's lane we came to a full stop to take on several passengers, and it was necessary for some to get out and give the car a push in order to start it on its way again. There certainly is nothing like this now. In those early days the dead were frequently carried by the pall bearers upon their shoulders from house to grave. "OLD IRONSIDES" LOCOMOTIVE, PHILADELPHIA AND GERMANTOWN RAILROAD I have often in my boyhood days seen such processions moving along our streets. The body of my own father, Charles W. Spencer, was thus borne in 1855 from his late home on Church lane to the Methodist graveyard on Haines street. What a contrast with the present bearing away of the dead. Surely in this there has been a commendable progress. In the early fifties the late Peter Hinkle alone served the people of the town every weekday morning with the "Public Ledger." Then the late Hillary Krickbaum was the 41] < o A M < > CQ ^; H K o h-l B H Q o [42 only conductor on the Germantown Railroad, until his son John was chosen to assist him. Then the late John Mark- ley was the only engineer on the road, and the small en- gine, with one little driving wheel, named "The Eagle," was the only locomotive to do all the work on this branch. The second one was the "Fort Erie." Markley ran the trains back and forth in the morning and afternoon. In the middle of the day he handled the freight and coal between the "old Reading Railroad" at Nicetown and Germantown. When one recalls the old four-horse stage coaches that used ^^ r^^ J ! ^- ■ *i^si'"&;-'S^^ •'^'"WaaBs- ■iiMPP' ■p^pinMR2fa..'9 ?S;-fj,J.E.]jK ' t jM p^^iiii* ^^^^ if'' mffi^ri ~^g^f] ^^H 1 1 %,!;- '■ ■■ t \ ■ mSUvHh* " "' — ^- -t.4,«J5** ^ i^^^!*- ' ' . "■' 1 ' '^„ , ^„V, VL.^^ as 3» MODERN ROW OF HOUSES to run down the Main street from here and from Chestnut Hill in the morning and then back again in the evening, and now notes the trolley cars every few minutes down Ger- mantown and Wayne avenues, and by way of the great crosstown lines on Chelten avenue, also down Ridge ave- nue, York road. Fifth street, Frankfofd avenue and Rich- mond street, besides the four or more steam trains an hour on the Reading and Pennsylvania Railroads, surely the progress is indeed wonderful. 43] When one thinks of the stores along the Main street simply from Bringhurst street to Washington lane in those days, and trace them now, the impression of our great progress will be strengthened. A few occur to my mem- ory: J. and J. Gates, at Bringhurst street; Naaman Keyser, at Indian Queen lane; William G. Spencer, opposite Cot- tage Row; Jones & Megarge, opposite the Quaker Meeting House; Senseman, near Armat street; Livezey's, where Vernon Park is now; John Rittenhouse, at Rittenhouse street; Freas, at Washington lane, interspersed with Mush- ier, the baker; Rex, the druggist; Freddie Axe, "notions;" Mrs. Jones, "trimmings ;" Bowman, the shoemaker ; Bren- holtz and Harkinsons, the confectioners, and a few others. Now how many they number and what a business they do, not only on this thoroughfare, but all over the town. Contrast the home of the Germantown Bank, in 1850, opposite the Trinity Lutheran Church, its business, its wealth, with its substantial and sightly structure of to- day, its representative and strong financial character and its marvelous patronage ; also that of the Mutual Fire In- surance Company of Germantown, its humble beginning in that well-known one-story building, its limited business, with the stately home in which it is now housed and the immense reach of its status and business to-day. But these lines of progress greet us in every direction. Recall the plain and unimposing church structures in those days of the Market Square, German Reformed (as it was then). First Presbyterian, St. Luke's Episcopal, Haines Street Methodist, St. Michael's Lutheran, First Baptist, then worshiping in Fellowship Hall on Armat street; the Quaker Meeting House, the position of the Roman Catholic Church when Father Domenec was the solitary priest. Now take in the survey of the structures, not only of the above churches, but of many others which have grown up 45] or changed their environment in that time of all the de- nominations. In those days "Carpenter's Place" was the one celebrated home, with its adjacent grounds, graced with the statues of the twelve Apostles. It was the one special attraction to which all visitors were taken. Now these attractions are PRESENT DAT STORE so numerous that whole days may be occupied in visiting them. Time -was when to reach Manayunk, Roxborough, Falls of Schuylkill, Frankford, Holmesburg, Milestown and adjacent suburbs one either had to walk or go around by the city for a public conveyance. Now by the Midvale and [46 Chelten avenue trolleys these outlying points are easily accessible at any hour of the day or night. Recall the days of the Volunteer Fire Department and contrast it with the present service, the early homes of the working people and their conveniences, with those of the present day, the building enterprises, methods, decorations, architectural arrangements, the days preceding the use of gas, when fluid, oil and candles were in common use, with our light and appliances now. How different our public school facilities then, as centred in the old building on Rit- tenhouse street with what we have to-day. Thmk, too, of our telegraph, postal and modern telephone accommoda- tions, how much in advance of fifty years ago. Add to all this the increase of population, the immense expanse in value of all real estate. Surely a moment's careful thought will prove to the satisfaction of all reasonable minds that Germantown is truly a progressive town. It has made and is making wondrous strides. We have simply touched upon a few salient points illustrative of this progress, yet the field for observation along this same line is commen- surate with the size, renown and entire scope of the place. Germantown is not slow. She is advancing with the steady, sturdy, get-there stroke. She may not rush at race horse or automobile speed, but she keeps ever and always at it. Her constant plodding has been her success. True, we may have citizens who are more aggressive and hustling than others, some also whom some may regard as standing in the way of all progress, yet above all and beyond all the old town deserves great honor for the fact that it has been so aggres- sive and progressive. 47] PRESENT DAY FIRE APPARATUS [48 INTERNATIONAL GERMANTOWN CHAPTER VI. The founders and first settlers of Germantown came from Germany — hence its name. In its earhest years the Ger- man was the dominating language. Since that time from various parts of the present German Empire many have here found a home. The preponderating elements of Ger- man character, therefore, entered into the formation and life of our people. Sturdy vigor, substantial conservative- ness, reliable stability and a positive honesty were marked features, which had their moulding influence in the then plastic habits. Vast numbers of our people, however, have come from other localities or have been the descendants of others who came here. A study of the map of the world and some famiharity with the history and residents of the place will confirm the fact that all the great nations of the earth have been or are represented in the makeup of those who have lived or do live here. The great divisions of the earth have had their representatives in this place. Asia, Africa, Ocean- ica, Europe and America, have been the sources whence have come those who have dwelt here for a longer or shorter period.. Of course some of the nationalities have been more dominant and prominent than others. Every part of Great Britain has entered largely into the blood of our citizens. England, Ireland, Scotland and Wales have contributed a goodly host of those who have taken up their residence with us. From almost every shire of old England have come many, who here have found a home. Though of different brogue sometimes, indicating the part of the land whence they came, yet here, as the true sons and 49] THOMAS MBBHAN [50 daughters of St. George, they have blended, and it has not been Yorkshire or Staffordshire or Leicestershire or any other shire that they have heralded as hailing from, but England, the land of their birth. Taking up their home here, they have put their lives into the life of the town and taken an honest pride in its advancement. From the highlands, glens and noted towns of bonny Scotland, too, have come some of our most honored and DAVID McMAHON ablest citizens. With all the rigid integrity of the Scotch character they have become identified with the affairs of the community and made a place for themselves as most excellent and revered denizens. The Emerald Isle has given largely of her sons and daughters, who have been adopted into our existence. The place of the Irish people in Germantown, especially for the 51] last half century and more, has been one which has made itself felt and recognized in almost every walk of life. Some of these earliest factors have passed away, but they exist and are potential in a posterity which has accumulated wealth, position, influence and a recognition not to be gain- sayed. Even the little principality of Wales has made good contributions to our citizenship, and often representatives CHARLES SPENCER of the Cymry, still familiar with the Cymric, are met upon our streets and among our assemblies, ever proud of their nativity and yet still familiar with their mother tongue. A roll of those from France who have here found a place for assimilation and contentment would not be a small affair. Italy, too, has made generous offerings of those who within our borders have taken up their abode. In fact, if one scans the map of Europe it will be found al one time [52 or another nearly, if not every province, has been repre- sented by one or more to the manor born, or their descend- ants, who have become a part of our local being. Russia, too, has been and is represented as abiding here. It is evident, therefore, that the people of Germantown Tiave been representatives of the nations of the earth. From all quarters of the globe they have come^Gentile and He- brew, Protestant and Catholic, Heathen and Pagan, Agnos- ■p j^'^^^H ^^^^^^^^miidmu^ ^ ^SP^^^^^^ScT^ ^^ ■S. V X. / ■>N /'■ * -^ \ THEODORE SCHWBRINER tic and Christian, Malayan, Ethiopian, Indian, Mongolian and Caucasian. Surely the title of this chapter is not a misnomer. These varied nationaHties have inter-blended or assimilated along rightful lines. As a result there has been formed a substantial composite of character, and, at the be- ginning of this twentieth century, we do not think so much of the sources of our local beginnings, but we do take an 53] honest pride in the outcome of all this international contri- bution to our life, habits, existence and station before the world. Under the moulding, fusing, mellowing, educating influence of our environment, all this which greets us to-day has been brought about and Americanized, so that in its life and patriotism no part of our great country has been more loyal and national to our Government than has been our own. We have been broad enough to take in the whole Republic — East, West, North and South — including of late, too, our Colonies, which have so recently become a part of the body politic. Mingling, therefore, in our cemeteries and graveyards are the bodies of those who represent difJEerent parts of the world, while upon our streets and in our homes are thosa who came from, or are the descendants of, those who came from every quarter of the globe. Our international charac- ter, therefore, makes us broad enough to be in touch with the wide-wide world, so as to be adequate in our apprecia- tion, just in our sympathy and judicious in our conclusions upon all questions of an international nature. Yet this breadth and touch does not take us out from the truest interest in and strictest devotion to our American nation, of which we are now either native born or adopted citizens. Some of the best blood of the nations of the earth courses through the veins of our people — true blood, pure, healthy, having in it the iron and the ozone of a moral quality that makes it count for a noble manhood, an honored woman- hood and a bright childhood. International Germantown ! Yes, and we are justly proud that it is so. Yet as national as we are international. As thoroughly American as if our ancestry were all born here from time iminemorial. In the world's great fabric of the temple of nations the part embraced by our own inter- national Germantown is no mean portion, and to it all from every land may point with gratification and delight. [54 PHILANTHROPIC GERMANTOWN CHAPTER VII. No human pen can ever write down the individual, fam- ily, church, society, order or club philanthropies of the peo- ple of Germantown, simply because the facts are inaccessi- ble. Could they be reduced to the written or printed page their amount and extent would be an amazement'. In the past there have lived men and women who were the very embodiment of philanthropy, beneficent, benevolent, hu- mane and charitable in the highest and broadest sense of those terms. Some of these philanthropies have been or are being administered with the utmost silence, unostenta- tion and quiet, so that outside the donor and recipient no others are cognizant of the fact. Could all the details of this line of benevolence be known it would be very evident that Germantown would be well worthy fhe title at the head of this article. So far, however, as organized philanthropy is concerned, according to the City Directory, there are located within our borders at least fifteen institutions or societies whose work is almost entirely of a philanthropic character. Some of these have splendid properties, massive buildings and large endowments. They are an untold benediction to the parties who are specially enjoying their favors and privi- leges. Several of these were founded by former residents of Germantown, hence the place deserves the credit for them, while, relative to others, the town has been selected as the best place for their habitation. These varied institu- tions represent a property or endowment value combined amounting to almost ten millions of dollars, while through them about a million dollars annually is being expended 55] for the comfort of those benefited. It will thus be seen that our citizens are not simply wedded to mammon, gain, amusement or toil. The needy, the unfortunate, those de- serving our watchful. care, good will and help are not for- • gotten. Reformatories for the betterment and shelter of the fallen are here. Homes where the fatherless, the motherless or entirely orphaned may be fostered, trained and cared for, abound. Here, too, great, structures open theii doors for the aged, infirm, indigent, where without worry the later years of life may be passed in quiet, on even to sunset. Here, too, is at least one home where Christian ministers and their wives, after serving in the most sacred function of life, can spend the evening of their declining age, enjoy- ing the bounty of one, who while living took great joy in preparing this Beulah retreat of his generous bovnity. Here, too, is that splendid institution for the deaf and dumb, whose munificent work appeals alike to the heart as well as to the mind of all who are humanely disposed. Our limits forbid going into the detail of the functions and value of each one of these noble charities. We can only mass them. The names and location of these institutions are as follows : Alms House, Pulaski avenue ; Door of Hope, home for the reformation of fallen women. Queen street; Friends' Home for the Aged and Indigent, Greene street; Gonzala Memorial Home for Orphan Girls, Church lane and Sten- ton avenue; Home for the aged of both sexes — Little Sis- ters of the Poor — Church lane, near Chew street; Hospital and Dispensary, East Penn street, near Chew; House of the Good Shepherd, Chew and East Penn streets ; Jewish Foster Home and Orphan Asylum, Church lane, near Chew ; Lutheran Orphans' Home and Asylum for the Aged and Infirm, upper Germantown avenue; Nugent Home, for aged Baptist ministers and their wives, West Johnson street; Pennsylvania Institution for the Deaf and Dumb, 57] Germantown and Gowen avenues; Germantown Relief Society, 21 Harvey street; Whosdever Gospel Mission and Rescue Home, Stafford street. There may be other institutions in Germantown carrying on their benign work whose names do not appear in this list. We have been at considerable pains to ascertain the names of all, but some may not have come to our knowl- edge in the research. No statistics can tell the humane and beneficent work these agencies have done and are doing. It is an honor to oui: community that we have them with us. They are a witness to the good will and charitable dis- NUGBNT HOME position of our people. Their mission is of the very highest character, and no commercial value can ever be placed upon the blessings and cheer they impart. A true conception of their stupendous benefit, a comprehensive grasp of their far-reaching influence and a full realization of their bright- ening power over thousands of lives, reveal the transcend- ent importance of the work they are doing. Then, too, there is a sense in which even education is a philanthropy. No one can ever pay for the privileges and facilities enjoyed in this realm. Whatever an education may not be, it certainly is a benevolence, resulting from a combination of various conditions, but for which combina- 59] tion the great opportunities for mental development and enlightenment could not be aiforded. With unstinted hands our citizens have ever been liberal in their provisions for the education of the masses. The number and character of our school buildings from the early days of the erection of the Germantown Academy and the Concord Schoolhouse, down to the present time, is a testimony to the philanthropy of our people. Our Ftee Public Libraries, our Christian Association buildings and other eleemosynary structures, whose sole object is the betterment of the physical, moral, social and intellectual part of our natures, are the outcome of and a witness to the same philanthropic spirit. As one meditates upon the work which is thus being done within the bounds of our beloved Germantown, there is a growing appreciation of the place, a more pronounced re- gard for the spirit of unselfishness which all this illustrates, and a profound respect for the general good will of which all these tangible effects have been the outcome. There are those who think this is a selfish world, where it is every man for himself, where all are looking out for number one, regardless of number two. They call it a waste howling wilderness, while they themselves are doing all the howl- ing. The facts, as brought out in this chapter, give a brighter picture. There does prevail a good will to men. The needs of the other fellow are thought of and provided for. The unfortunate are not lost sight of. 61] INDUSTRIAL GERMANTOWN CHAPTER VIII. The residents of Germantown, with either brawn or brain, have always been an industrial people. As either employers or employed they live a busy life. Idleness is the exception and not the rule. To give a detailed account of the varied and extensive industrial enterprises of the town would be interesting, and in the aggregate surprising, at the number of persons employed, the amount of capital invested, and the immense volume, as well as variety, of product secured. In different parts of the community are located a vast number of manufacturing establishments, varying in size from the very insignificant to the immensely extensive. To even mention these in the most comprehen- sive way possible one might sweep the entire alphabet in simply classing the kind of work done and yet be far from exhausting the subject. Here are numerous industries which represent the apothecary, automobile, architecture, antique furniture, American Metal Stamping Co., Arguto Oilless Bearing Co., etc.; the broom, butchering, baker, blacksmithing, • barber, braids, bricks, building, bootblack industries, etc.; the carpentry, catering, cut glass, cornice, cut stone, carriage, cigar, cabinet, coal, cordage, confection- ery business, etc. ; the dying, drying machinery, dental, dry goods work, etc.; the e^iployftient bureaus. Enameled Art Metal Co., etc. ; the Fibre Graphite Co., furniture, flour and feed, florist business, etc.; the grocery, gardening, granite, gas fitting doings, etc. ; the hosiery, harness, heating, hard- ware, horticulture industries, etc.; the ice manufacturing and distributing plants, iron works, etc.; the 'jewelry, join- ing, knitting mills and knit goods lines, etc. ; the lime, laces, [62 63] lumber, livery, laundry works, etc.; the marble, milk, morocco, metal industries, etc. ; the nurseries, nurturing and organ business, etc.; the printing, photography, picture frame, piano, paint, painting, paper, pencil work and works, etc. ; the refining and roofing industries, etc. ; the stationery, stone, spinning, stamping, scouring, shoemaking, scaveng- ing business, etc.; the tailoring, upholstering, undertaking JAMBS H. CROSSINGHAM industries, etc. ; the vine-dressing, woodworking, wax fig- ures, wheelwright, woolen mills industries, etc. ; and last, but not least, the yarn business. This is but the barest outline of a portion of what belongs to industrial Germantown. It is indeed a busy hive of work as well as a magnificent centre of happy homes. From morn to eve the busy hum of industry is heard, and it is rarely possible to find many out of employment, and for [64 this few a good reason is ready at hand. To keep busy is a splendid medicine. It drives away the blues. It pre- vents much evil. The old adage is true that "Satan finds some mischief still for idle hands to do." The fairly good moral condition of the town is accounted for in part because of the industrial spirit of the people. An earned livelihood is an appreciated livelihood. The opportunity to earn a livelihood utilized is a fine education as well as an inspi- ration. As an industrial centre Germantown has always had a good reputation. A carriage turned out from the old Jung- kurth shop was always reliable. Shoes . made under the supervision of David Bowman or Samuel Y. Harmer were known to be good. When Harman Osier made a suit of clothes it was all right. When Samuel Collom built a house people knew what they were getting. When Philip R. Freas sent out his newspaper his subscribers knew what to expect. When Mushier sold a loaf of bread people knew of its excellence. When an article of tinware was bought from Fry it was all right. This was true even back at the very beginning. Whether it was a Bible printed by Chris- 65] [66 topher Saur, a piece of surveying done by Francis Daniel Pastorius, a sheet of paper made by William Rittenhouse, some flax woven from the spinning wheel of a thrifty house- wive, or some lace knitted by the busy fingers of younger maidens,- the article could always be relied on for its qual- ity. So to this day the brand "Germantown" upon an arti- cle is a guarantee of reliability and quality. The imprint "Germantown" is mfet with favor. How remarkably has this been illustrated in the name "Germantown Yarn," or "Germantown Wool." It is celebrated the world over. In all this industrial interest and enterprise there has been and is a splendid financial backing, illustrated by our quintette of splendid and substantial banking institutions, the National Bank of Germantown, the Saving Fund Society of Germantown, the Germantown Trust Com- pany, the Chelten and Pelham Trust Companies, and the marvelous help and protection of our own Mutual Fire Insurance Company. Along their lines they are im^ portant business industries, and certainly have much to do with the industrial character of our town, whose projects they have generously yet carefully promoted. In textile fabrics Germantown is specially noted. Ws have here a large number of knitting and weaving mills. An endless variety of underwear is produced. From the stockings for the feet to the coat for the back, all are made here, material as well. The hosiery business has always been large. Braids and laces and every variety of knit goods are manufactured. Our industrial life is healthy, vigorous, strong. It has built up our homes, made them thrifty and comfortable. 67] [68 FINANCIAL GERMANTOWN CHAPTER IX. In all that pertains to financial strength, probity and con- fidence, Germantown occupies a most exalted position. From a monetary point of view, judged by the Wall street standard, the place is in the very front rank. For a century and more past here have resided hundreds and thousands noted for their wealth and comfortable circumstances. The accumulated possessions of all these would aggregate multimillions, even beyond all ordinary estimates. The assessed valuation of the property in the entire Twenty-second Ward, which is as near as we can calculate for Germantown, aggregates the astonishing sum of about sixty-five millions of dollars. This of itself is a marvelous index of financial strength. This at six per cent, would give an income of over ten thousand dollars a day for every day of the year. •• Building associations have been wonderful financial helps in the building up of the town, and to-day, according to the last reports accessible to me, these associations of Ger- mantown have assets aggregating the splendid sum of about two millions of dollars. I cannot speak too highly of the building association principle, properly lived up to and honestly carried out. It has financed many a family in this community into the possession of a home of their own, but for which they never would have owned any. As they have been generally managed they have added much to the material wealth of our citizens. This same line of thought might be followed by dwell- ing upon the capital invested in various commercial, indus- trial and other enterprises running also up into the millions 69] of dollars, but I must limit the balance of this chapter to our six great financial institutions — the National Bank, the Saving Fund Society, the Germantown, Chelten and Pel- ham Trust Companies, and the Mutual Fire Insurance Company. Here alone is a sextette of organizations which in the greatness of their strength would entitle German- town to the name given to it in this chapter. NATIONAL BANK OP GERMANTOWN Our oldest banking institution is the National Bank of Germantown. The. first meeting of its directors was held July 15, 1814. Samuel Harvey was its first president, and the noted historian, John F. Watson, its first cashier. It was one of the first to enter the National Banking System of the United States, and in 1864 became a National Bank. Thrice, according to law, it has renewed its charter, and the [70 last renewal will carry it on to October 20, 1924. Every year since 1815 it has declared a dividend, and its stock is regarded as a most desirable investment. In its roll of honor of the National Banks in the United States, which number about 6700, the New York "Financier" puts this bank number seventy-two in the country, thirty-one in Pennsylvania and three in Philadelphia. This indicates its marvelously high standing. In 1851, when the late Charles W. Otto entered its service, its deposits amounted to $190.- 000. Its last report showed these to be almost two and a half millions, while the assets amount to the snug total of $3,646,911. The high character of the men at the head of this concern have made it the financial Gibraltar it is to- day. The present officials — President, Canby S. Tyson; Vice-President, Thomas B. Homer, and the Cashier, Wal- ter Williams — are worthy successors of the men who, through all the ninety-four years of the bank's history, have commanded the confidence of the people, and in co-opera- tion with a sterling board of directors have enabled the institution to outride safely every financial storm of the past nine and a half decades. In all these years it has con- tributed much to the development of the town, its indus- tries, and, therefore, to the strong financial status of the place. Much of what we have written of the bank and its man- agement we might add as true also of The Saving Fund- Society of Germantown and Vicinity. Founded in 1854, with those royal men, Abraham Martin, T. Charlton Henry, Elliston P. Morris, William Ulmer and Hon. Alexander Henry at the head, and a board of directors composed of the same manly integrity, it has continued its onward course until it rounded out its fifty years of existence with 20,344 depositors, whose sum to their credit reached $5,868,465, while the total assets of the company, at their last report, amounted to $7,623,089. It almcist takes one's 71] breath to think of all which these figures mean. Its present officials and management command the respect and confi- dence of all who know or have dealings with them. This means much to the organization which has so recently enlarged its facilities for its ever-increasing business. SAVING FUND SOCIETY Its President, Samuel G. Dennisson ; Vice-President, John J. Henry; Treasurer, Charles A. Spiegel; Assistant Treasurer, H. T. Montgomery, are among the solid, reliable and respected men of the community. [72 Of a more recent date was the establishment of the Ger- mantown Trust Company, which occurred July 23, 1889. Its progress and status to-day is a marvel of financial growth, indicating the very high place it holds in the esti- mation of our townspeople. Its last published statement gives its assets as $4,835,635 and its deposits as $3,550,079, GERMANTOWN TRUST COMPANY while its trust funds alone aggregate $3,414,043. Its Presi- dent, Edward Mellor; Vice-Presidents, William H. Haines, Jay Gates, William T. Murphy, the latter of whom is also Treasurer; Real Estate Officer, John C. Bockius, together with men composing its directorship, gives the secret of the great confidence reposed in this strong and prosperous company. 73] More recently organized still is the Chelten Trust Com- pany, which opened for 'business October i, 1906, yet it has advanced constantly into public confidence and favor. Its latest published statements show its assets have already reached $819,172 and its deposits $480,592, while its trust CHELTEN TBUST COMPANY funds amount to $36,357. Its officers are : President, James H. Ritter; Secretary and Treasurer, George W. Clifle; Real Estate, Title and Trust Officer, Edwin C. Emhardt, who, with the substantial board of directors, is the guarantee for solidity, safety and success. [74 Organized in March, 1906, the latest banking institution to open its doors in Germantown was the Pelham Trust Company, and in the short space of time since it began busi- ness its assets amount to $576,000 and its deposits to $350,- 000. Such a statement is highly complimentary to the •PBLHAM TRUST COMPANY officers — President, Jacob S. Disston; Vice-Presidents, Francis Schumann and Albert H. Disston ; Secretary and Treasurer, W. Morgan Churchman; Real Estate Officer, A. Rothwell.Meehan — as well as the able board of directors. 75] The Mutual Fire Insurance Company of Germantown and Vicinity wrote its first policy June i8, 1843. It has ever conducted its business on very careful and conservative lines, and so has ever commanded the confidence of its MUTUAL FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY patrons; At the end of the first thirty years of its history its surplus amounted to $79,000. At the end of its sixty- fourth year, which was in 1907, its surplus reached the [76 height of $820,802, while its assets summed up to $1,200,- 096. These figures tell their own story and are compli- mentary to the business-like conduct of its affairs by the splendid men who have had them in charge, from the earliest officials down to the present time. Surely its Presi- dent, William H. Emhardt, the companion of our boyhood days; its Secretary and Treasurer, Charles H. Weiss, son of our old-time friend, as well as its board of managers, among whom are ranged men well known to and appreci- ated by us in earlier as well as later days, may well feel hon- ored in the position of the institution, which they have done so much to build up and make strong. The total assets of these six stalwart and reliable finan- cial institutions amount to about nineteen millions of dol- lars. This of itself speaks volumes for the thought elabo- rated in this chapter, and adds lustre to the good name of our historic town. It must be evident to all who make themselves familiar with the aforenamed facts, and many others which might be ranged with them, that "Financial Germantown" is not a misnomer, but a veritable fact, too, of tremendous im- portance. 771 MUSICAL GERMANTOWN i ! CHAPTER X. There are those who smile when Musical Germantown is spoken of, because they think the facts do not warrant the title. They are, however, very much mistaken. It is true you will not find here a German Sangerbund, a celebrated choral society of large dimensions, nor can we point to some famed Welsh Eisteddfod, yet for a number of years the Germantown Choral Society, under the distinguished leadership of Professor Gilchrist, was a pronounced success. But the existence of such great organizations are not the only evidences of musical ability and standing. On the standard of Paderewski as a pianist, Ole Bull as a violinist, Gilmont as an organist, Sousa as a bandmaster, or some great prima donna, or master in the art of song, as vocalists or celebrated specialists upon other wind or stringed instruments, Germantown may not be able to point to their equals, but these are not the standard examples. They are the exceptions to the rule, towering above and almost out of sight of all else in the musical line. Notwith- standing these facts, we still claim for this .place that it is deserving and worthy of the title musical. A lover and judge of music, who had traveled very extensively, said to one of .our prominent citizens the other day, that they had not been in any place where they had found so much of real musical ability as here. Call the roll of families in this community and it will be surprising what a vast number would respond to the pres- ence of some kind of a musical instrument in their home. Walk our streets and wherever you go, among the hum- bler abodes, the more stately residences, as well as in the [78 midst of palatial homes and other places, how constantly strains of music will greet your ear. Under these condi- tions more than once has the remark been made to us, "This is quite a musical town." The attention that is given to music in the homes, upon a broad or limited scale, ac- cording to the means and tastes of the people, is indeed a wonderful testimony to the musical character of the people generally. The music of our church choirs is a most important fac- tor in this connection. Here a great interest is manifested. There is indeed a wonderful devotion in these to choral, solo, duet, trio, quartette and octette singing. Our musical directors, choirmasters, organists, are persons of no mean talent, and some of them are in the very front rank as mas- ters of the art. The church organs and other musical instru- ments in use are among the very best. In quality and real merit the music of our Germantown churches is on a par with that of any churches in Philadelphia, which are on an equal plane financially, numerically and spiritually. Our church music takes no back seat as compared with any other locality on the true scale of real merit. Thousands of dollars are annually spent in support of this music. All along through our past history our churches have ever en- couraged the best music that could be secured. A half cen- tury ago, when Frederick A. Burness, William A. Ulmer, John Peberdy; F. William Bockius, Charles Howe, Richard Farrer, Charles Minninger and others wielded the tuning fork in the choir galleries, there was good music, while these leaders themselves were the crystallization of love for and ambition towards the best music. They encouraged it, put their lives into it and made it count along lines of helpfulness wherever possible. The early singing schools and musical drills maintained have not entirely faded from the minds of those who enjoyed and improved the advan- tages they aflforded. 79] FRANK RAUSCHBR [80 At the present time, too, the choirmasters of German - town are thoroughly acquainted with the art; their very souls are musical; their whole; tastes are attuned to har- mony ; while the many members of these varied choirs are anything but novices in their several spheres. Bring into one assembly all the choirs, the fine boy choirs and those made up of adults, the chorus and the specialists of Ger- mantown, and they would make a profound impression far their numbers, the quality of their voices and their exact knowledge of the details of music. Some, of course, are more proficient than others, but the knowledge of and skill in the real rudiments of music, as displayed by these, is alike complimentary to them and the town which is their home. In connection with the choir music the congregational singing in the churches, combined with the aid of instru- ments, is certainly fine. No one can listen to the music of our churches, Protestant and Catholic, without being favor- ably impressed with the musical ability of our people. Add to all this the attention given to music in the Sunday- schools and the interest of the young in the same, the musi- cal training in our public and private schools, in the special musical studios, conservatories of music, choral unions, and by the great number of able and well-known music teach- ers, a comprehension of the meaning and work which all this reveals is certainly highly creditable to the musical efficiency and interest of our citizens. True, it may seem difficult here to get up and maintain for any length of time any great special combination of singers for continuous choral, oratorio or cantata work, yet in a less prominent way these often receive marked atten- tion by smaller companies for special occasions. This has often .been true in the past, as facts readily prove. On account of its proximity to the centre of a great city, of which it is a very important part, where are furnished the 81] m w % o S. Eh a H W Eh ^"^'m.Ml^M^ tsmsm world's greatest attractions in music, distinct and special attention cannot, in organized form to great musical func- tions, be given to the same extent that would be the case were Germantown off at a distance as a city by itself. Yet there have resided here, and do at the present time, persons really distinguished for their musical ability as composers, performers, singers and players upon instruments. Many whole families in the town are noted for their musi- cal ability. In band and instrumental work we have those who are well-known leaders in the art, while some have attained the high honor of eminent composers. While it may be true that Germantown, at the present time, has no regularly organized company of any great size actively engaged in rehearsals, yet the fact cannot be denied that the musical talent of the place, active and inactive, is of immense proportions. Along the lines of secular music, too, much attention is bestowed, and we have large numbers who can and do en- tertain to great advantage by their versatility, tact and ability in music. Then this musical taste and talent is fur- ther illustrated in the appreciation shown to some special concert or musical function of merit. It is also displayed in the musical ability at command for entertainments and other occasions in our community. Over and over again have these furnished evidences in abundance and variety that "Musical Germantown" is a real and not merely an ideal affair. 83] MILITARY' GERMANTOWN CHAPTER XL No one can view the Germantown battleground environ- ing the Chew Mansion, nor look upon the Battle Monu- ment in Vernon Park commemorating the battle, nor gaze at the Soldiers' Monument on Market Square, nor visit the National Cemetery on Haines street, nor ramble through other burial places in this vicinity and read the inscriptions- carved into marble marking the last resting places of sol- dier dead, nor become familiar with the records of Ellis Post of the Grand Army of the Republic, nor ascertain the numbers connected with the Sons of Veterans, nor recall the historic "Germantown Blues," nor be conversant with the companies embraced in the National Guard of our State, nor know anything of the response to the call for the Spanish War, nor learn of the United States pension list in this locality, without- concluding most positively there is such a thing as "Military Germantown." It is true that among the early settlers the arts of peace were depended on for protection, more than the impleriients of war, yet many a home had its flint-lock gun to be relied on in case of necessity. The martial spirit was not en- tirely dormant. It did show itself in a variety of ways. During the Revolution the American Army had in it a num- ber from among our patriotic citizens, while prominent or private English soldiers resided here for a longer or shorter period, as circumstances permitted or required. Several of our streets bear the names of soldiers prominent in the Revolution, as, far example, Washington, Greene, Knox, Musgrave, Wayne, Sprague and others. After the organ- ization of the Republic we had our "militia companies," who kept up a knowledge and practice of military tactics. [84 85] SOLDIERS' MONUMENT In what was known as the second war for independence, the War of 1812-14, Germantown was not slow to be repre- sented fof the defense of right and the cause of our coun- try. Through the Indian Wars, the Whiskey Rebellionj and other antagonisms, the military spirit of our people was not dormant. In the war with Mexico, during the forties of the last century^ our "Germantown Blues" were GEN. JOSHUA T. OWEN CAPT. GEORGE E. FORD represented at the front. Our boyhood memories are stirred with the parades upon our streets in the early fifties of the veterans of the Mexican War, and the enthusiasm their appearance used to awaken. '"','' Corning on to the Civir-W.ar, in the early sixties, where is the pen that can describe the military spirit of those days ? ■ Strong men in the prime of life, young men from [80 varied homes, were on the move to volunteer in every arm of the service of their country in response to the call of President Lincoln, while hosts of veterans wished it were possible for them to go also. Those were stirring times and waned not in interest from the fall of Sumter to the surrender at Appomattox. CAPT. FRANCIS ACHUFF In camp, in hospital, on the field of battle, through the agency of the Sanitary as well as of the Christian Commis- sions, our men and our women were inspired by the patri- otic military enthusiasm. The stories of the heroism of our brave boys have been told over and over again. The pa- triots from Germantown were abreast with those from other parts of our country in the army and in the navy dur- 87] ing all that terrible struggle. Many of them sleep their last sleep in our national cemeteries, in unknown graves and in other places of sepulture. They died that theii country might live. Brave and true, from first to last, the men and women of our town did their duty, and they share to-day in the glory attendant,on the fact that our flag waves over a united Republic, without one star obliterated or stripe erased. GENERAL LOUIS WAGNER Appreciative of all this military valor, glory and sacri- fice, the people of Germantown, under the auspices of their own Ellis Post, of the Grand Army of the Republic, reared the splendid and significant Soldiers' Monument in the most noted historic square of the town. This splendid pile cost $12,000, and upon its corner tablets are already the names of many hundreds of brave soldiers and seamen who have died since 1861. Thus are their memories and their deeds [«8 perpetuated by the military pathos of our people. This of 'itself is a fine tribute to the military status of the commun- ity, not to speak of the tablet placed by a grateful State in Vernon Park, commemorative of the Battle of German- town. Coming down to the Spanish War, our people were not a whit behind the most forward in their response to the clarion call, "Remember the Maine." One hundred and fifty-nine sons of veterans from this place responded to the first call for volunteers by President McKinley. They en- COLONBL GOWBN tered the regular army, the volunteer service and the navy. Bravely they did their duty. In the freedom of Cuba they wrought a prominent part. Some were with the Rough Riders and Roosevelt oh the firing line of danger and cour- ageous daring, while others, under Sampson and Schley, had their place in the fight from the vessel's deck; yet others were still in reserve ready for the emergencies of the occasion and the demands of war. In our cemeteries, are buried men represented in every war in the history of our country. This is a remarkable testimony to the worthi- 89] , ness of our claim for the military spirit, prowess and his- tory of the town. Once we had within our borders a mili- tary institute where were gathered students who in after life became distinguished soldiers upon the rolls of our country. Our militarism does not run into the pugilistic but into the patriotic spirit. A large number of our citizens are conscientiously op- posed to war. Their religious creed is for peace. While this is true, they are firm believers in the law of self-protec- tion. They will stand by the flag of their country. They will defend their homes and be loyal to their government, and that far are in harmony with what is military in char- acter. A wonderful military interest gathers around the last century and a half of our history. All honor then to the men and women who have aided in giving this title to our town. __ -^ -^-ifr^-f [90 HOMEFUL GERMANTOWN CHAPTER XII. Were Germantown a separate municipality it might rightfully be regarded as a city of homes. The home life of the great mass of our people is certainly ideal. They are comfortable and contented. Everything that modern in- genuity, experience and artistic taste can suggest enter into the convenience and arrangement of the structures occupied as homes. Here are homes associated with the life of the City, Commonwealth and Nation, representing the Colonial, Continental, Centennial and Columbian periods of our history. Here Washington found a home, Alexander Hamilton was domiciled, John Adams lived,, Here have lived artists and authors, barris- ters and bankers, capitalists and chancellors, diplo- matist! and doctors, educated and ehte, Friends and Fellows, geometricians and gallants, historians and harpists, influential and industrious, jurists and jour- nalists, Keltics and kindergartners, linguists and landlords, manufacturers and mechanics, navigators and nephalists, operators and optimists, philanthropists and politicians, quadratists and quininists, rectifiers and reformers, uphol- sterers and undertakers, vinedressers and vegetarians, war- riors and weavers, xylophonists and xlyographists, yawlists and yarn workers, zealots and zoologists. Thus having doubly swept the alphabet we have not exhausted the variety in character and position of those who here have had their own dear quiet homes. Germantown is indeed a residence quarter, not that alone either, for home is not merely four square walls, though with pictures hung and gilded ; nor is it merely roof and 91] room. It is where abides those we love and who love us that makes the home sweet home, concerning which in all the world there is no place like it. Permeated by pure, mutual and true love are a great host of happy homes within our borders. Of course, all are not perfect havens of rest and peace. There may be some homeless homes. That A SUBURBAN HOME condition is to be expected. It exists everywhere, but taken as a whole our community can show as many homeful homes to the square mile as any other in the wide world. Its entire history and life have been favorable to the home ideal, defence and development. The sacred enclosure has been guarded with a judicious solicitude. [92 How many whose early life was associated with the homefulness of the place have lived elsewhere and have longed for the time when it might again be their home. Around the very name of the old town gathered their deep- est convictions, the most endearing associations, the most sunny influences which could control the mind. In many of our homes the inmates nestle like a bird which has built its abode among roses, where the cares and coldness of earth are averted as long as possible. Flowers bloom, love abides, confidence prevails, loyalty abounds, and in some cases it does almost seem as if Paradise had been restored. One of the mightiest benedictions in which Germantown delights is the homefulness of its homes. In the early days the quiet, homelike life of the people called forth commendation and recognition when the city began to grow, the business men, desiring to locate their homes in the suburbs, almost instantly turned their minds to Germantown. Some of our homes are very homely. There is nothing elaborate about them. Their environment is plain, their furnishing is frugal, and there is nothing connected with them to indicate luxury; but they are full of home, and all the elements which enter into a true habitation of the heart are there. So that, "be it never so "homely, there is no place like home." The assessed valuation of the home properties of this town is nearly forty millions o'f dollars, but they have a value in moral power, honest righteousness and in domestic felicity which can never be measured by a money standard. Other homes, again, are the abodes of smiling plenty. All that taste can conceive, or culture suggest, or wealth sup- ply, or enjoyment can secure, are accessible. The very setting, of the home, its architectural design, its external adjuncts and internal adjustments, its larder and its ward- robe departments, as well as all its arrangements, enter 93] into the conception of making it a model home. Yes, there are many such homes in Germantown, superb mansions, palatial dwellings, rich with blessed memories, bright with glorious inspirations, gladsome with merry-hearted occu- pants, and the very centres of blessing to all visiting or liv- ing in them. Many have felt the genial charm of our home ■if't'mrivoii SOLID ROW OF HOMES life and as a result have been made brave for duty, strong for demand and steadfast against all temptation. The mem- ories of a mother's tender care, of a father's glowing ambi- tion, have wrought their moulding influence on the plastic mind of many a Germantowner in later life, as in thought they have turned to their old home, which was once the [91 little world of the happy family circle embraced within its walls. Whether the homes of Germantown be those of the' rich or poor, or of the great middle class, neither rich nor poor ; whether they be the palatial mansion, environed by lawn or grove, or the' solitary cottage with its neat surroundings, or situated in the long rows of solid blocks, all that we have PLEASANT HOMES here said is true of the great majority of them. Ours is a homeful community, full of happy, pleasant, attractive homes. The notable and spacious homes which a generous phil- anthropy has erected within our borders for the orphaned and aged is also another evidence and illustration of the homefulness of the town. 95] MERCANTILE GERMANTOWN CHAPTER XIII. From its very founding, two and a quarter centuries ago, Germantown has been able to' boast of a good class of busi- ness men and women. At the very beginning they were in evidence and conducted business at their mills and in their shops, at their spinning wheels and with their knit- ting needles, in their printing houses and through their type foundries,, with their stores arid in their market houses. In later times, and anterior to Revolutionary days, we had our historic "Market Square," whose very name carries with it the idea of merchandise. All the way along, too, it has had its well-established and recognized stores. At a later day, when great market houses came into vogue, for the purpose of meeting the needs they were intended to supply, it built a large stone structure on the main thor- oughfare and in the, central part of the town. That build- ing is now used for laundry purposes. [96 As a place of residence the town has become renowned, but it is also a wide-awake business emporium. Its mer- cantile interests are simply immense. Some two hundred different lines of business are represented here. From the little shops, up through the medium-sized stores, to the great trade establishments, the places of business reach up into the thousands, while the capital employed aggregates JAMBS S. JONES millions of dollars. An examination into the stock of these stores "is at once a revelation of almost endless variety, apparently for every need and taste of the human family, in quantity and quality of wondrous range and suited to every purse and condition. The merchants of Germantown certainly deserve credit and patronage in view of their investments to supply the wide range of need. 97] The way to build up a town is to patronize the business interests of the place. Spend your money in it. Put the weight of your influence into it. If it is worthy to be your place of residence, why should not the merchants be worthy of your support? The business of the town improved by this patronage adds to the value of property. Some, it is true, may use the town simply for their own convenience. UNITED STATES POST OPPICB They, of course, are independent and can do as they please in this matter, but a better principle is to recognize the great law of interdependence. As this is truly cultivated there is comfort, peace, happiness. Where the convenience of self is the dominating factor, theri in case oi absolute need the establishments and provisions of the local com- [98 munity ar» utilized and patronized. Whereas, if these busi- ness enterprises had to depend on this kind of support they could not continue to exist, so that the special needs could not be at hand for a convenience. That they do exist and flourish is evidence of their patronage, and that the people of the town are the patrons. When money is needed for local institutions, or to meet some pressing necessity, our merchants are the ones called on every time, and as a rule they show a liberal hand. We need not blush for Mercantile Germantown. Our merchants are broad-gauged, enterprising and up with all that can be expected of them when all the facts are known and properly considered. Our Business Men's Association is helpful to the mer- cantile interests of the town. Its purpose is "to advance by fair and honorable means such objects as will further the business interests of Germantown." It believes in the encouragement of trade and the progress of the best inter- ests of the community. These objects are laudable and worthy of being pushed forward. Since its organization it has done a work for the town ; nor does it slacken its efforts, as the interest in its monthly meetings clearly indicate. 99] HEALTHFUL GERMANTOWN CHAPTER XIV. From the very earliest days of its history Germantown has always had a good reputation as a healthful locality. This has often been a strong factor in the choice which has led vast numbers to select it as their place of residence. In times when yellow fever or other malignant diseases have prevailed in the heart of the city, this town has been resorted to as the temporary or permanent abiding place, where there was freedom from all fear of contamination. A prominent citizen, writing from Germantown in 1809, speaks of having taken up his residence here "hoping to recuperate his impaired health," and that he had found here just the elements which produced the desired effect. Such instances might be cited almost without limit. Many let- ters have been written and articles printed extolling the salubriousness of the atmosphere, the absence of causes detrimental to health and the prevalence of conditions cal- culated to invigorate and recuperate. The open territorial area upon which the town is built, the general height of its altitudes and the opportunities for a splendid drainage are all conducive to health. In proportion to our large population the remarkably low death rate, as compared with other localities, speaks vol- umes in favor of the healthfulness of the people. Of course, persons die in Germantown. The city "where there was no more death" is not on this mundane sphere, but the per- centage of deaths is strikingly small. Then, too, the large numbers of our residents who attain an advanced age is a remarkable commendation of an environment which seems to be favorable to longevity. Men and women hale and [100 hearty, erect and vigorous, even after they have passed the eightieth milestone of Hfe's journey, are not uncommon sights upon our streets or in our homes. The careful ob- MRS. JANE BOCKIUS server of the throngs upon our thoroughfares will be favor- ably impressed with their healthful appearance. The ruddy glow upon the cheek, the erect form, the elastic step, the 101] clear eye, all tell their own story, and strangers visiting our community are not slow to note this phase of our healthful life. In some places as you walk along you are greeted ever and anon by the cadaverous, sickly-looking specimens of humanity, whose hacking cough, bowed frame and slow- moving gait tell their own sad tale. How rarely such a scene is witnessed upon our streets. The general good health of our people is a recognized and notable fact. Even JOSEPH MURTER our physicians are not slow to voice their convictions upon this fact that Germantown is a healthful locality. Taken as a place of residence all the year round, few if any towns in this country show, on a general average, better health prevailing than exists here. Of course, we. have our tem- porary ailments, our passing slight sicknesses, yet as a rule [102 it will not be easy to find a point whose general atmosphere is more permeated with the ingredients of health than that we breathe hereabouts. Said one to us the other day in speaking of a certain insti- tution located here: "We made choice of the site we did because of the healthy condition for which tlje place is cele- brated." Another remarked: "That which induced me to make this place my home was on account of the general HENRY P. BRUNBR. HALE AND HEARTY good health which I found, upon careful examination, the people enjoyed." More than once have we met with indi- viduals who have declared to us they never had a day's sick- ness in their lives and have never had to pay a doctor's bill. Of course there are persons who get sick in Germantown, yet when the facts are known it is not the fault of the place, but arises from some inherited taint, from some culpable 103] indiscretion, from some violation of a reasonable law of nature. No matter where they lived for the same reasons they would probably be sufferers. If Germantown is such a healthful place as the facts prove it is, then what of it ? Much indeed ! Make known the fact, publish it far and wide, let the people know, and as a result they will flock here to establish their business, A ^JEALTHFUL SPOT to take up their home. The outcome of this will be the building up of the town, the occupancy of the waste places, the growth of the community. As a result the institutions and commercial interests of the place will be helped, en- riched, enlarged, made a great power. A more enlarged prosperity would ensue, the reflex influence of which would accrue to the benefit of many. [104 A community that can point to its healthful conditions, and therefore to its cleanliness, to the tonic character of its pure air, to its remarkably low death rate, has indeed a bonanza, of which it can make very much if properly util- ized and wisely directed. We do not advocate Germantown as a health resort or emporium, for that would be to bring the sick here from all quarters, though there are localities THE WISSAHICKON where there might be established a sanitarium of the highest grade, where needed rest, the blessings of a fine atmosphere and all other conditions that would enter into and make such a place a marvel of attractiveneiss and bless- ing. Such an institution would be accessible to an immense patronage and under capable and proper management -might 105] People want to live where it is healthy. They desire to do business where healthful conditions can be guaranteed. Here, then, Germantown can set up, rightfully, a claim whose verity cannot be questioned, whose value cannot be overestimated, whose virtue has been established for cen- turies. Germantown for health may well become a clarion note, a rallying cry, which may be made to mean much for the town and for those interested in its upbuilding and ■ enlargement. A QUIET RETREAT In view of the importance of health to all lines of life, business and comfort, people are intensely concerned to locate where healthful conditions prevail. It is better to be poor from loss of property than poor from loss of health. Here, then, from its very healthful atmosphere, German- town proffers a place for business or residence deserving the attention of all the people. [106 become as renowned as Clifton Springs, Danville, and many other resorts of equal note. Aside from the natural advantages contributing to the healthfulness of this location, great credit must be given to the skill and judicious care of our physicians, who rank among the very ablest in their profession anywhere. Due honor also must be given to the public health authorities, who are ever on the alert to safeguard from disease and enforce regulations essential to preserve against all con- tagion. Another important factor in this connection is the excellent and painstaking work of our plumbers, whose responsibility in the premises is certainly very great. These different agencies co-operating contribute their share to the general weal and health of which we have written. lOVl SOCIAL GERMANTOWN '• '* ■ CHAPTER XV. A deep interest in, a fairly close acquaintance with, and a profound appreciation of Germantown for nearly six. decades, has awakened a conscious pride for the true social life, which has ever characterized and distinguished its peo- ple. We do not use the term social here in the sense of socialistic. For, as .Webster well says, "In popular usage the term socialism is often employed to indicate any law- less, revolutionary or social scheme." We refer to that ele- ment which is comprehended by the readiness or disposi- tion to friendly converse or action, to companionship, acces- sibility, neighborliness. With some, of course, its only idea is a festive conviviality, tributary to the appetite or the passion. This, however, is a low and sordid idea. In the English language there is, perhaps, no word used to render a broader service or to cover a larger field in human life than the word social. Hence there are varied standards as to what may pass for the truly social. With some its great idea centres in the home or in the club, in the theatre or in the church, in the library or on the street corner, in the saloon gr in the cloister, in the lodge or on the marts of trade. Some estimate social life by the ability to carry on prolonged intelligent conversation, or to enjoy simply the retail business of neighborhood gossip, or the devotement of hours to the merry dance, or to the giving up of an evening to "a smoker" or a "euchre party." Illustrations of this diversity are at hand in abundance. Here is a company of the gay and giddy. They go on a frolic. Even the cup which inebriates is freely used. There is quite a lark, and the claim is made of a 'fine social time. [108 Though as a sequel there may follow headaches, heartaches, ruined lives, wrecked homes, bleared eyes, bloated cheeks, the unsteady gait and undermined health. Those who may think this is the acme of all their ambitions will find it in Germantown. Yes, there is a social grade, which finds in such a life all that seems to be cared for. Fortunately for our community this sort is not universal. It is not the standard of the great vast majority of our citizens. It does CHARLES J. WISTBK not hold the reins of recognized power, nor command the respect of those whose appreciation is worth regarding. It is a form of social life whose tendency is down grade, and all self-respecting manhood and womanhood need to shun its deceptive allurements. Another company takes a different course. With them there is intelligent converse on the topics of the day, along the lines of literature, music, art, commerce, science and the varied phases of human life. From lip to lip, with the 109] greatest animation, the deepest interest and the most per- fect affability, the themes are discussed. All present are absorbed. Time passes pleasantly. At the proper time light refreshments are tastefully served. Music is inter- spersed. The fraternities of friendship a:nd kinship are interblended. All feel the elevation" and thrill of the occa- sion. At a seasonable hour the function comes to a close, with warmest expressions from all of the exceedingly en- joyable social time. On the way home the moments are filled up with pleasant thoughts relative to the delightful season of unbend and inspiration. Refreshing sleep fol- lows, and the morning dawns upon those made happy and even more comely by the social converse afforded and par- ticipated in. A goodly host are to be found in the ranks where this kind of social life is approved, and emulated. From this viewpoint a wide range of homes and people are embraced. It is this kind of life that most characterizes our people. It makes and embraces the best as well as the most influential society in the town. Germantown, too, has its exclusive "Four Hundred," who believe that "we are the elect and after us there are none beside." If these want to be thus exclusive they can be. They have a perfect right to their own opinion and seclu- sion. Outside this imaginary rainbow circle some may chafe because they are not in it. They may be jealous over the charmed selected ones, but why should they be? The world is wide. There is room for all. All may form their own circle of society, and the uncrowned queens of Ger- mantown as well as the royal sons within our borders may attain social heights not surpassed by the most exclusive or fastidious. For, after all, social life and society are just what we make them for ourselves. In Germantown there are circles and inner circles — sets if you please so to call them. That, however, does not militate against the highest type of social life. The real [110 heart of truest friendship and sincerest fellowship does not compass a great multitude. In fact, as each home becomes the real centre of the best forms of social life, around that home and to its inner circle will be gathered a larger or pv*:* -,*>*• '"*-•*;?',;:■ ' — ^ ODD FELLOWS' HALL more limited company, according to its tastes and the time at command for the cultivation and enjoyment of the amenities of society. Ill] In this whole matter, too, there must be taken into account the diversities which enter into the make-up of human character. Some persons are naturally social, cor- dial, free-handed, open-hearted, demonstrative, enthusi- astic. It is a part of their nature to be jovial. They could not be otherwise. They have no fondness for nor ten- dency towards the frigid zone. Others again are phleg- matic, conservative, reserved, matter-of-fact, dignified. Their lives partake more of the refrigerator process. It is not an easy thing for them to be excessively sociable. It is an effort on their part to be even genial; yet sojuetimes when access to the inner, soul of these becomes possible, YOUNG REPUBLICAN CLUB there is a nobihty and strength, in- their social nature, which commands: confidence and esteem for its real merit as well as stability., ^^^O,. .- ., " - ■ ' Then again there are those in, these strenuoust days of hustle and, i)ush who are so busy and absorbed- with the duties and demands of their lot and position, that they have neither the time nor the inclination for even the ordinary civilities of social life. Not that they do not enjoy, or would not delight in varied social functions, but they have not the time. Even moments with them are of the utmost value. Take some of our greatest scientists, musicians, sur- [112 geons, bankers, railroad magnates, and many others; they have almost absolutely to side-track themselves against the many calls from the social realm. Weigh this whole subject, from the wide standpoint of all these facts, in all their bearings, then take into account the social life of Germantown, putting upon its varied phases the best construction possible; the conclusion reached by an unprejudiced mind will be exceedingly favorable. Our social life is permeated with many admir- TOUNG MEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION able traits. It is certainly sympathetic in time of real need, appreciative on occasions for proper demonstration, gener- ous and thoughtful when those are the lines to take, as well as quiet and dignified when such conditions best indicate its presence. A half century and more ago, as memory returns to that period, there is recalled a very pleasant old-time gentilitj' 113] among the residents of the town, which then commanded the reverence and admiration of our youthful days. Unas- suming and unostentatious as we met them upon our streets or visited with them in their homes, there was a genteel and ladylike courtesy, refinement, good cheer apparent, that was as winsome as it was impressive and never to be forgotten. To be with them, or simply to meet them, there was the consciousness of being in the presence of the true gentle- man and the noble-minded woman. They gave grace to the social life of the town, dignity to the circles in which they moved and honor to the community of which they were important factors. Delightful memories, indeed, do gather about the old- time gentlefolk of the town. They were found in all the walks of daily life, occupying sometimes an humble cot- tage, a stately Colonial residence, or in some cases a mod- ern structure of palatial magnificence, in the midst of spa- cious grounds. Even in these days we often come upon evidences still of this high ideal in the genteel social life of those elder days around which there was to us so much of charm. We certainly take a laudable pride in the social life of the place. It is one of our pronounced characteris- tics, and to me it has only pleasant memories, blessed bene- dictions and genial inspirations. While its existence at the present clay is a glorious heritage, pleasingly enjoyable and transcendently helpful. [114 RELIGIOUS GERMANTOWN CHAPTER -XVI. We use this title in the ordinary and common acceptance of the term, so there can be no reasonable misunderstand- ing of the topic. We do not say that our town is specially religious, or that her people are better than those found in other communities. We set up no such pharasaic claim. There is, however, a phase of life which appropriately comes under the name religious, and which has character- ized the place from the very beginning of its history. The early settlers desired to enjoy religious liberty. They had it, and "they left unstained what here they found, free- dom to worship God." . The Mennonites, the Friends, and The Brethren, as they now call themselves, were here at the very beginning, and their meetings were open to all. They were followed later on with the establishment of churches by the German Re- formed, the Lutherans, the Methodists, the Presbyterians, the Protestant Episcopalians. Later still we find churches composed of Roman Catholics, Baptists, Unitarians, Re- formed Episcopalians, Evangelicals, " Congregationalists, and perhaps other denominations, whose names are not familiar to us. The Salvation Army is also here. So far as we have been able to ascertain there are forty-five dif- ferent churches in the town The edifices in which these conduct their worship are so situated as to make a church accessible to any of the population desirous of attending religious services. They are not crowded into any given locality. About one-half of them are either situated on Germantown avenue or within a block or two of that thor- oughfare. The others are located at good points in the 115] built-up parts of the town. In all of these, as it should be, "the rich and poor meet together." Some of these bodies have more wealth among their members than others, but we do not know of a single church whose doors are not wide open to welcome all .who desire to attend, be they rich or poor. L'-#^^^l^|^^§i^ THE CHURCH OP THE BRETHREN The church life in Germantown compares very favorably with that of other localities. It is not perfect. Perfection is not an earthly characteristic. There are spots even on the sun. If we are looking for shortcomings, with the eye of the lynx, we shall find them ; yet if, under the garb of a true Christian charity, we are on the alert for good and [116 JOHN M. RICHABDS, D. D. 117] commendable traits, they will appear in rich and beautiful clusters in many a well-wrought life and character. Many residents of Germantown have their membership with the churches in the city or elsewhere. Whether this is of per- sonal benefit to such, or to the advantage of the town, where their residence is located, we do not presume to say. The different ways of counting membership in churches makes it difficult to ascertain, on a common standard, the true numerical strength, yet many thousands of our popu- lation — yea, the great majority of our people — are more or less directly under some sort of religious influence. As to the moral, philanthropic and religious work of these churches, the good they are doing, the evil they are preventing, no estimate can possibly be given. Certain persons may have no use for churches, and they may de- light in speaking slurringly of them, but a churchless Ger- mantown would not be the Germantown it is to-day. Prop- erty would be less valuable. Town lots in Sodorn were not worth much when Mr. Lot left the place. The value of the work done by the members of these churches in all the past can never be told. Passing over the labors of those in the earliest days, who can estimate the good accomplished by the men in the harness a little over a half century ago? Take the service of the Rev. Jacob Helfenstein, in the Market Square German Reformed Church as it was then; of Dr. Charles W. Schaeffer in St. Michael's Lutheran Church; of Dr. Rodney in St. Luke's Episcopal Church; of Dr. Septimus Tustin in the First Presbyterian Church; of Father Domenic in the Roman Catholic Church ; of Dr. John M. Richards in the First Bap- tist Church ; of Newton Heston in the Haines Street Metho- dist Church, under whose leadership St. Stephen's was organized. Time will never tell the grand results of these men, not to speak of those of their predecessors ; nor of such Christian laymen as Samuel Morris, T. Charlton [1X8 Henry, Dr. Ashmead, Charles Spencer, Frederick A. Bur- ness, George W. Carpenter, Abraham Martin, and hundreds of others, as well as a host of consecrated women whose names are revered in so many of our homes. FIRST METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH The voluntary religious work, as carried on through indi- vidual efforts, by personal visitation in the homes, at the 119] Almshouse, in the hospital, through the philanthropic insti- tutions and in many other ways, besides the general enter- prises under the direct supervision of the churches, reaches an amount whose power and value no language can even outline. Then, too, there is the religious work of the Young ST. VINCENT DB PAUL'S CHURCH Men's Christian Association, the Women's Christian Asso- ciation, the Whosoever Gospel Mission, the Salvation Army, and numerous other agencies among Protestants and Catholics, Jews and Gentiles, all operating in our com- [120 ■ ■ 1 W ^^- J ■B . m /^n^' ^ ^^H:: ^M #SSf .':«■ ■■ ^Hk^Bi^^Hv^^^Kv ^^^1 u W^^^^^^^^^f^^^^^^ /T^^BB^lBpBBBMB H FATHER (BISHOP) DOMENIC 121] munity under religious lines in one form or another for the betterment of the people. Conscious of all this advantage and blessing, which comes under the purview of religious Germantown, blind indeed must be the citizen or resident who fails to appreciate its value and extent. Nor am I of those pessimistic spirits who think religious Germantown was of a better character and higher tone in the days that are gone than at the present time. No one honors the past or the men and women of the past more than I. Yet those times were not spotless, nor the people without their faults. In the pulpits and at the altars to-day are as good and as able ministers as ever graced these sacred precincts in the past, as wide-awake and as conse- crated pastors as ever walked our streets in the years gone by. Then, too, the rank and file of the churches will meas- ure up'' to the standard in piety, liberality, charity, devote- ment, with those who have preceded them. There is no need to blush for religious Gerrnantown. It is not an un- flawed crystal. All wish it might be a better brand. We are grateful that it is as gracious and graceful as it is. Its founders were men of religious principle and one of the earliest institutions they established here was the Christian Church. [123 FIRST PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH ANTIQUE GERMANTOWN CHAPTER XVII. We use the word antique in this connection with a de- cided preference. It is not synonymous with the words antiquated or ancient. All that is best and to be venerated in those words enter into the true idea of the antique, but some things for which those words stand are not embraced in the title of -this chapter. Antiquated carries with it the idea of a back number, out of date, by-gone, out of use, obsolete. There are, of course, illustrations of this idea in Germantown. Nor is it surprising that there should be in a town two hundred and twenty-five years old. It would be strange were it otherwise, since human nature is what it is. In the case of some of the dilapidated old buildings, going to ruin for want of a proper pride, or a suitable care, on the part of those owning or controlling them, or because of legal technicalities in the way, there are, it is true, too many examples of the really antiquated, even upon our leading public streets. Some of these now obsolete and out of use structures could be rescued from the antiquated, and, by reason of the associations connected with them, fitted up and put into the class of antique buildings. There are, too, illustrations of the antiquated retained in the memories of some of the older inhabitants, which be- long to the bygone past, as in the case of the railroad trains which were run between the town and Ninth and Green streets, or in the matter of the old stage coaches which ran up and down our unpaved Main street, between the Ex- change and Chestnut Hill. There are, however, some- things belonging to the anti- quated, in the true meaning of that term, which, because [124 of their history, and the way they are kept, come, in our regard for them, under the term antique. Even the old hand fire engine, preserved with so much interest and care in the office of the Mutual Fire Insurance Company, is anti- quated, but it is also revered as antique in these days. So also with many things sedulously guarded and housed in the museum of our Site and Relic Society in its antique GBRMANTOWN'S FIRST FIRE ENGINE home in watched Every fewer in antique, in truth 125] Vernon Park, as well as other objects zealously over in private homes and elsewhere, ye^r the evidences of the antiquated are growing number as they are being transformed into the or removed from existence altogether. We cannot speak of antiquated Germantown, for it is not a back number, it is not a has been, it is not obsolete. It is up-to-date, abreast of the times, very much in evidence for its enterprise, thrift and progress. Nor can we speak of the place really as ancient. It is so dominated with modern building improvements, with splendidly-kept thorough- fares, and the very latest conveniences, that modern rather than ancient ideas are everywhere prominent. To speak of ancient Gerniantown might convey the idea that the place was antiquated and would be a misnomer. The better word, therefore, to use as characteristic of the features of which we write is beyond all controversy antique. This word, evermore, carries with it the idea of veneration, be- cause of the associations identified with that it represents, and because of the careful attention given to the pres- ervation of that which we regard as antique. ,In a town where there is so much of the antique it would be impossible, within our limits, to call attention to every evidence. A few, therefore, must suffice. Beginning at "the lower end of Germantown," as it used to be termed, we have the old Logan House, known as Stenton. Here thoughts and evidences of antiquity greet us, because of what has been connected with this property ; but the buildings are so cared for by the Pennsylvania Society of Colonial Dames as to impress us favorably with its neat antiqueness. This house, though it has been stand- ing in three centuries, is not a fossil, but antique in appear- ance. In gazing on the stately old mansion, known as "Loudoun," erected more than a century ago by Thomas Armat, occupying as it does its elevated position near Aps- ley street, with its magnificent outlook upon the city, re- minds forcefully of its resemblance to the antique. Because to me of the sacred associations connected with the Henry House, opposite Hood's Cemetery, or the Lower Burying Ground, as the home in the early days of Hon. Alexander Henry, a revered Mayor of Philadelphia, his [126 brother, my old Sunday-school teacher, T. Charlton Henry, and others of that noble and notable family, I am still attracted to the antiqueness of the place, even as others out- side of the kindred and immediate friends may not be. In boyhood days I was always a profound admirer of the Wister House, opposite Queen, or Indian Queen lane, as we used to call it. I remember well the honored father of CHEW HOUSE the present occupant, Charles J. Wister, who took a con- stant pride in perpetuating the antique appearance of the old homestead, a trait his venerable son worthily emulates. To the lover of the antique perhaps no house in German- town is looked upon with more veneration than the Morris House, opposite Church lane. Its interesting his- 127] . tory, the painstaking and conserving care of its present pro- prietor and occupant, Elliston P. Morris, inheriting in this particular ■ the punctilious simplicity of his esteemed father, Samuel B. Morris, it is in reality one of the finest specimens of the really antique among all the residences of the town. In this connection, I may be permitted to refer to an old cottage, still standing, just back from Church lane on the south, and a square east of Germantown avenue. It is not very sightly. It is not even well preserved. It is in an inferior condition as compared with the days of my boy- hood ; but to me it is more of an antique than an antiquated structure, because of^the very tender associations connected with it. It was in that dear old residence my father, Charles W. Spencer, died more than a half century ago. I might also say the same of one of the older structures on Armat street, in which my mother, Mrs. Mary Spencer, breathed her last. This simply illustrates the fact that association and reverence have much to do with our idea of the truly antique. I might embrace in these references those finely-pre served ideals of: the antique — the Academy Buildings, on School lane; the Pastorius House, next above the First Methodist Church; the Wyck I^ouse, on the opposite side of the avenue, supposed to be the oldest in the town; the Johnson House, at- orie time the largest residence in the town. It is opposite' the battleground. Then on said' ground. is the Chew House, and a goodly host of others we cannot frame. -«-■ There are churches of larger dimensions, more architec- tural massiveness than the little Mennonite Meeting House, above Herman street, yet as an illustration of real antique simplicity it certainly attracts the eye. The same may also be said of "the old Dunkard Church," as it used to be called, the Church of the Brethren, situated above Sharpnack street. [128 In this town we have many illustrations of what might be called the antique, though identified with modern con- struction. They are in a sense an imitation of antiquity. In this direction we have some fine examples of the antique in architecture, in arrangement in furniture. All hail, then, to Antique Germantown ! a title for which there is abundant evidence, a title which conveys the idea SITE AND RELIC SOCIETY'S MUSEUM of honor and veneration, due and shown to the many struc- tures and curios worthy of the name, and a title, too, con- cerning which no citizen need ever blush or offer an apol- ogy. Our town is certainly unique in its very antiqueness Our Site and Relic Society stands for the cultivation and still further development of the antique — a laudable pur- pose surely. 129] LITERARY GERMANTOWN CHAPTER XVIII. The term literary carries with it the idea of an acquaint- ance with Hterature, a knowledge of letters, or books, one who is versed in general literature. Some are by profes- sion specially literary in their attainments. Their studies -and work necessarily take them into a knowledge of all lines of composition, in writing or print, which preserve the results of observation, fancy or thought. This title, of course, cannot be applied universally to our people, for large numbers are neither inclined towards a literary taste, nor to the attainment of a moulded, rounded literary character. The bread and butter question, early environment and training, as well as many other consid- erations, have been hindering causes towards culture in the field of literature. Nevertheless the town has had and has its Literati — its men and women truly worthy of the title literary, some, of course, more deserving than others: A goodly host reside in our midst whose knowledge of books, issued in the past and in the present, is of very wide range. Not simply the names of the books either, but their contents, style, author, reason for publication, scene of the story, or the outlying causes of factors incorporated in the publica- tion. These have a great relish for a strong book, a force- ful article in the magazine, or a well-written contribution in the newspaper. There is knowledge, culture, intelligence and instruction in their conversation. There is a literary character given to their homes, to themselves as com- panions, and to their influence wherever they gOk The large or small private collection of books in many of the homes of our people, ami the use made of these [130 under varied conditions, is an index, in many cases, of the literary force which dominates that abode. Upon the table or on a nearby shelf lies a recent standard publication. Conversation about it is introduced, only to find a marvel- ous acquaintance already with its contents on the part of its possessors. In these homes, too, there is a remarkable familiarity with leading magazine articles of merit, as well CHARLES p. JENKINS as to what is going on in the literary world. We write from the standpoint of a wide personal knowledge on this matter, as we have met in a variety of ways and on so many occasions in this community. Of course there are large numbers whose lives are so crowded with business and other cares that they have very little time for books and the acquirement of much literary 131] knowledge ; nevertheless, it is surprising how much, by the utilization of spare moments, they have attained, and intel- ligently, too, upon leading subjects with clearness and interest. Germantown has a great host of such people. They do not talk much. They do not write much for the public eye. They are not specially demonstrative. They do not obtrude, yet in the quiet dignity of their own gentle and simple life, in the heart to heart unbend of the social amenities of friendship or acquaintance, one does become impressed with their acquirements in and knowledge of literature. ■, The existence in our midst of the Friends' Library and Reading Room, of the Branch of the Free Library of Phila- delphia, besides association, club and other libraries, is evidence of a literary taste on the part of the many patrons of these institutions. To sit for a part of a day a:' J watch the coming and going of persons to our public libraries, their examination of works of reference, their return of books read and the taking out of others, awakens the thought that a good amount of literary afflatus is running through the lives of our people, both young and old. A fine literary taste has ever characterized large numbers of our citizens from our earliest history down through all the years to the present. Of this we have abundant evi- dence and illustration preserved in the printer's art and noted by varied historians. The very page which our own Charles F. Jenkins devotes to "A Partial Bibliography of Germantown," in his recently published gem, "Guide Book to Historic Germantown," is proof of our position. He mentions twenty different books, and yet, as the author states, the list does not cover the entire field. He also refers to many family "genealogies relating to German- town," and to a number of "works of fiction" bearing upon the place. A careful perusal of these books, magazine and other articles, as well as many pamphlets, which from time [132 to time have been published, will give an immense amount of proof that our town is entitled to the nom de plume of Literary. Here, too, have lived a number of persons of note and merit for their literary work, as in the case of Watson, whose "Annals of Philadelphia," in the early days, are in- valuable and standard works. Here, too, was born Louisa DR. NAAMAN H. KETSER M. Alcott, whose name has become a household word, because of its association as authoress with a large number of books, that have interested and won the hearts of the people, far and near, young and old alike. Among the ranks of the clergymen, physicians, teachers, lawyers and professional men in other lines, Germantown has been honored with many of fine literary acumen, taste [134 and ability. The same also may be said of numbers of our representative women. There have been times in our his- tory when literary clubs and societies have been attended with marked interest and success. In the two and a quarter centuries of our history many an evening has been occupied along literary lines and with literary entertainments of a high grade. Large numbers of our citizens, too, have developed a fine literary style in their conversation and correspondence. Of course we have an abundant .use of slang phrases, nor is this limited to any particular class of the- community. The English language, too, is fearfully abused by many in the words they use, even in ordinary conversation. This seems to be a characteristic of the times. The language of the street is becoming incorporated into that of the home and the school, a course certainly to be regretted and confronted by every lover of the pure and beautiful in the English tongue. While this is true, how- ever, a goodly host of our people afford great pleasure as we listen to their choice and chaste language. Their words are "picked and packed," as Macaulay said of Bunyan. Their construction of sentences is highly complimentary. Their marshaling of words indicates a cultured literary taste. It is an exhilaration and inspiration to hear them talk. There is a perfect literary atmosphere about them, and when with them there is a consciousness of being far above the realm of empty, namby, pamby gossip, in the wide open of an enriched and enjoyable literary environ- ment. 135] PATRIOTIC GERMANTOWN CHAPTER XIX. We have but to familiarize ourselves with the history of our citizens when abundant facts will suggest and prove the warm love of country, earnest devotion to its support, and constant readiness for its service in time of need. Anterior to the Revolution patriotic fires burned in- the hearts and homes of the people. The cause of the defeat of the Continental Army in the Battle of German town did not grow out of the absence of an intense love of right and liberty among our residents. Washington knew that our very atmosphere was charged with the spirit of truest loy- alty to the American Republic. When the war was over no town adjusted itself more quickly to the new order of things, no community wheeled into line with more unity, and nowhere were there more proofs of genuine patriotism than right here. As a result, and because of his pleasant residence in later and specially honored days, around Ger- mantown there ever clustered a delightful appreciation of the sterling qualities of the people, who in the days which tried men's souls were true to the interests represented, generous in their help to a successful consummation, and unwavering in their decision for the supremacy of the Star Spangled Banner. In the War of 1812 the same spirit dominated the people, and love of country prompted to noble deeds of daring until the struggle was settled in favor of our own beloved nation. In the War with Mexico old General Winfield Scott had no braver supporters nor more heroic soldiers than our own "Germantown Blues." Their heroism shed a lustre of renown over the patriotic spirit of our people. [136 Coming on to the Civil War, in the early sixties of the last century, where were the fires of patriotism lighted more promptly? Where did they burn more brightly? Where did they shine more constantly? Where did their flames reach to a wider circle than right here in our own home town? Martial music was in the air. Copperheadism dared not lift its head. The Government must and shall be preserved was the response of Germantown to the firing on Fort OLD GLORY Sumter, while sons, husbands, fathers and brothers rallied to the defense of the Republic, ready to die if needs be rather than our nation should perish. All through that ter- rible ordeal, while a few sympathizers with the secession- ists kept up a fire in the rear, the great hosts of our people stood solidly for the principles represented in the old flag. How royally they remembered and did for the soldier boys at the front; how assiduous and generous was their interest for those in the hospitals, both by personal atten- 137] tion and contribution, through the Christian and Sanitary Commissions; how many soldiers' families were cared for and cheered in a variety of ways. Knowing, as I did, of the patriotic hospitality and sympathetic statesmanship of the men and women of those days, I take delight, so many years afterward, in placing upon the brow of this town the crown title of Patriotic. This patriotic love of country, the whole country, too, has assuaged the animosities of those troubled days that in no part of our land to-day does there exist a community GERMANTOWN ACADEMY whose heart is more anxious and determined for a united fraternity of the States than right here in our midst. Our motto is, "No North, or South, or East, or West, but one inseparable Union, with Washington as its capital and centre of government." The same spirit was also shown in the late Spanish-American War. There may, however, be patriotism and statesmanship entirely independent of the military spirit. This country has had a host of patriotic heroes and heroines, who never [138 smelled powder, who never wore the uniform of a soldier or marine, or the badge of a nurse in naval or army hospital. A patriot is one who loves his country, is zealously de- voted to its support and ever ready to serve it in all honor- CAPTAIN RYAN able ways. Germantown has had and has a noble host of such, true as the needle to the pole, whose hearts evermore turn in love and loyalty to the Republic. 139] The rank and file of our citizens need not to wear a tag to tell how patriotic they are. Their acts and words reveal the story in no unmeaning: phrase. A recognized stream of truest patriotism runs through the very heart, home and public life of our people. Our citizens are patriotic. Whether Friend or Churchman, Protestant or Catholic, Hebrew or Gentile, no more loyal lovers of, nor devoted co- operators with, the best interests of the American Repub- SAMUEL WOLF lie can be found anywhere than right here in our own community. Let it not be understood, however, that politician and patriot are synonymous. All patriots are poHticians, in that in the highest sense they are interested in the science of government, but all politicians are not patriots. Many politicians are decidedly interested in and are true lovers [140 of their country in the noblest sense. Some of our most noted patriots have been found in this class. Yet many a person is in politics for a sordid, selfish and sinister mo- tive. Rule or ruin is their motto. Personal aggrandize- ment rather than patriotic aspiration is their aim and ambition. Covetousness rather than country is the ladder on which they seek to rise and dominate. Germantown has had and has many a politician who has been and is patriotic to the last degree. We are proud of them, and the community appreciates as well as knows their worth. Since human, nature is what it is, if here and there have been or are politicians of the lower type, is not to be won- dered at. Yet our people as a rule are clean, white-handed^ loyal-souled patriots. 1411 WASHINGTONIAN GERMANTOWN CHAPTER XX. George Washington was not a stranger to Germantown nor the town to him. Charles F. Jenkins, so competent to do it, has rendered a fine service in his "Washington in Germantown." The term Washingtonian appHed to Ger- mantown may seem a strange title. Of course we mean by it the incidents and places connected with his life here, and what may have pertained to him after he had passed away. Prior to the Battle of Germantown he was more or less familiar with the place. There is a record that on the even - ihg of August 23, 1777, he was at "Stenton," the historic home of the Logans, when his army was on its way to oppose the British forces at Brandywine. He is reported to' have dined at the place when attending the Constitu- tional Convention -in Philadelphia. But his first real con- nection with the history of the place was the Battle of Germantown, at which he was in personal command. The fact that he himself planned the American attack of the battle, that he himself personally reconnoitered the situation in advance of the battle, that he was personally on the ground and in command of the forces while the bat- tle raged, and that the very course of his advance and retreat, as well as the very spot where he stood in com- manding the struggle, are well known, associate him so closely with the town itself that one cannot even think of the battle without recalling the Commander-in-Chief of the American Army. The plan of the battle, as all experts declare, was one of tie very best in the Revolution. That it miscarried was no fault of Washington. The dense fog that came down upon the scene, causing some unforeseen [142 delays and unfortunate mistakes, were beyond human pre- vention. While the short, sharp and bloody battle ended differently from what Washington had every reason to anticipate, yet the vei-y defeat in Germantown turned into splendid victories the subsequent sacrifices and efforts of the patriot army under Washington. The Bunker Hill Monument in Boston commemorates a defeat. The Battle STUART'S WASHINGTON of Germantown was a defeat; but these defeats so fused and enthused the Continental soldiery and the people that they -became stepping stones to endurance, success and final victory at last. In 1780 a Germantown wagon builder, Mr. John Bring- hurst, had the honor of building a "chariot," as it was 143] called, for Washington, in which the same year Martha Washington rode to Mount Vernon, in Virginia. It cost £210 in gold. Christopher Ludwig, an old resident of Germantown, who died in 1801 and is buried in the St. Michael's Lutheran Cemetery, and who was known as the "Baker-General" to the American Army, was a very intimate friend of Wash- ington, being often entertained by him, had a personal cer- tificate of good conduct from the great patriot. This was dated 1785, and used to hang in the parlor of his home on Haines street, near Chew. Watson^ in his "Annals of Phila- delphia," claims that Washington, Greene and Knox slept in the house which used to occupy the site of the present National Bank of Germantown. In the rear of what is now 5140 Germantown avenue was situated the building in which it is claimed, by the daughter herself of the artist, Gilbert Stuart, that her father painted his noted portrait of Washington, which is in the possession of the Boston Atheneum. This picture, the most historic, and regarded as the best portrait of the "Father of His Country," adds its fame to the town where the great artist transcribed to canvass the lineaments. of that wonderful face. In the latter part of 1793 and beginning of 1794 Wash- ington, as President of the United States, owing to preva- lent disease in the city, had his residence in Germantown, for days and weeks at a time, and in the summer of 1794 he occupied the Morris House, on Germantown avenue, opposite Church lane. This was from July 30 to Septem- ber 20, and in his cash account of September 24, 1794, is the record of payment of $201.60 "in full for rent of house, etc., at Germantown." Leila Herbert, in her book, "The First American, His Homes and His Households," says, in referring to this home: "In the room in the Morris house, looking on the garden, is still a cupboard that was there in 1794, and a [144 cup and saucer and plate of old India blue china used by the Washingtons." It was during his residence here that the President rode out one day to the Academy, on School lane, and asked one of the students, who subsequently became a revered citizen of the town, "Where is Washing- ton Park, Custis?" This is only one of many incidents reported by those who loved to repeat in detail what they had heard from and seen of their distinguished fellow citi- zen. MORRIS HOUSE In my boyhood days there were still living here old men and women who had a distinct recollection of Wash- ington's residence here and of meeting him upon our streets. John F. Watson, in his "Annals of Philadelphia," who was a resident of Germantown, has given us a bird's eye view of the President as he lived here. He says : "General Washington, while residing here in 1794, was a frequent 145] walker abroad up the Main street, and daily rode out on horseback, or in his phaeton, so that everybody here was familiai: with the personal appearance of this eminent man. When he and his family attended the English preaching in the Dutch Church at the Market House they always occu- pied the pew fronting the pulpit. It was also his practice to attend the German preaching, thus showing that he had some knowledge of the language. His home was closed on the Sabbath until the bell tolled, when it was opened just as he was seen coming to church. Many remember his very civil and courteous demeanor to all classes in the town as he occasionally had intercourse with them. He had been seen several times at Henry Fraley's carpenter shop and at Bringhurst's blacksmith shop, talking freely and cordially with both. They had both been in some of his campaigns. His lady endeared herself to many by her uniform gentleness and kindness. Neither of them showed pride or austerity. I could illustrate the assertion with several remembered incidents in proof." The "Dutch Church" referred to by Watson was the German Reformed, now the Market Square Presbyterian Church. It has had quite a noted history. It is a matter of local pride that when Washington and his family lived here he attended at least one of our churches. He walked our streets, rode over our thorough- fares, lived on the products of our gardens and farms, min- gled with our citizens in their business and social functions, had the most noted portrait ever made of him painted here, and was himself the Commander-in-Chief of the American Army as it fought here the historic battle. No doubt in some of his walks and rides about Germantown Washington went over again the scenes and roads over which he had led his army in the days associated with the Revolution. The Chew House, the Logan House, the Bill- meyer House, and other homes, would have special fascina- [146 tion for him. On these occasions memory would be active because of what to his own knowledge had transpired in these locations. It would seem as if Germantown, out of patriotic appre- ciation and pride, ought to do something more pronounced to signalize the honored position which Washington by his connection with the place has conferred upon it. We have, it is true, the " Washington Tavern," at 6239 Germantown avenue, the name by which it has been known since 1793; "Washington Lane," which might be modernized with the name of "Road" instead of "Lane." But why might there not be a movement inaugurated looking ultimately toward the securing of the Morris House and property, to be perpetuated as a memorial of our country's first President? The Morris family, both the father and the son, who is at present owner and occupant, .deserve great credit for the way they have preserved it; yet should there be any- danger of this interesting care being discontinued steps should be taken for the careful preser- vation as a Washington memorial of this historic mansion. Its conservation and its environment ought to be secure beyond all possible peradventure. If Morristown, New Jersey ; Mount Vernon, Virginia ; Valley Forge, in this State, and other places in other States, can have their Washington memorials, why cannot Ger- mantown, which is so rich in association with the name of this immortal patriot, and that of his noble wife,' Martha Washington, have its memorial too? Can we not have a movement inaugurated that shall ultimately secure the end proposed? Let us have some mecca here worthy of the man, worthy of Germantown, that shall symbolize and set forth the great regard and interest which must ever gather increasing reverence, honor and truest patriotic spirit for the name of George and Martha Washington. 147] ATHLETIC GERMANTOWN CHAPTER XXI. The wbrd Athletic is of wide appHcation and significance. In its ancient meaning in Greece and Rome it referred to those who contended for the prize in the public games. It carries with it the idea of strong, muscular, robust and vig- orous exercise. It covers the physical practices in the gym- nasium, as Well as the varied sports and games in which the human body has its active part. The people of Germantown, in the highest and best sense of 'the term, have ever been interested in athletics; some, of course, for the sport and amusement afforded and en- joyed ; while others still for the physical exercise and health culture thus placed within reach. In some directions, and on some occasions, no doubt, there has been an abuse of athletic privileges. Persons have gone too far and have overdone in the exercise. Herein is the trouble with so many things, not only in this line, but in varied others. It is not in the proper use but the abuse whei-e the danger lies. Athletic sports and gymnastic exercises, under proper regulations, and within reasonable limits, are to be highly commended. They are of immense value. A well-devel- oped physical organism is a desideratum worthy the high- est ambition of every man and woman. All reasonable efforts to secure it, whether in the indoor exercises of win- ter or the out-door opportunities of the summer and fall of the year, are not a waste of time or expense. It is a great thing to take time, by proper and needful exercise, to be healthy as well as to be absorbed to become wealthy or wise. Of course the system of athletics may be grossly [148 abused, and it is thus wrongly put forward when used for the sole purpose of gambling, brutal exhibition and the cul- tivation of the baser passions. The fact that there are those who thus abuse the system is not the fault of athletics, nor should the desire for a true athletic development be cur- tailed or cynically criticized because of these wrong exem- plifications of it. Many a man, and woman, too, might have been better equipped for the duties and demands of life if they had A. J. BIRCHALL taken more time for exercise in the open air or in the use of some form of athletic culture even indoors. We may be weakened by room-atism as well as rheumatism. Among the first lessons we ought to learn is how to preserve the soundness and vigor of our bodies. It is better to be poor from the loss of property than poor from the loss of health. Many a one is now suffering the penalty of inattention to the demands of their physical nature for which they would 149] gladly give liberally to have one little drop of rejuvenating elixir that would restore the vitality and bloom of earlier years. The body, the mind and the heart should be exer- cised harmoniously together. Walking, climbing, leaping, swimming, ball playing, yea, and all forms of athletic exer- cises, under reasonable control, are the foes of dyspepsia, insomnia, and a thousand other evils resultant from the non-observance or violation of nature's laws. True athletics raise that bodily activity which is essen- tial not only to preserve health, but necessary to put the human frame at its very best, to the dignity of a positive T. M. C. A. LEADERS' CORPS duty. Its aim is to keep from sinking into the final sleep while the heart is yet pulsating in life's bright forenoon. Our townspeople, as a rule, have not been blind to these facts. Hence a warm encouragement to, a deep interest in, and a generous patronage of all true athletic sports and exercises have and do meet with favor. There are private homes in the town equipped with excel- lent arrangements for athlete development along all lines of physical culture. In the club houses, too, more or less attention is given to the furnishing of opportunity for [150 bodily exercise in such direction as will be helpful to mus- cular strength. Our Young Men's Christian Association, under the proper safeguard and restriction, furnishes one of the finest gymnasiums in all this section of the country, with ample facilities to be utilized for the successful better- ment of every muscle in the body. Other institutions, too, have provided excellent apparatus, even if not. so diversi- fied and extensive, for the attainment of the same results. A GBRMANTOWN BASE BALL TEAM Then the large and ample grounds in different parts of the town for use in the varied forms of ball playing in the open season of the year indi.cate very clearly the wide inter- est that is taken in these athletic diversions, while in the winter time skating, coasting, and all the avenues for robust and reasonable exertion, are sufficient to satisfy all claims. 151] With the growing recognition of the benefits accruing from the judicious use of these pastimes there will be an increase of their facilities and an advance in their suitable use and utilization. True athletics have come to stay. Athletic Germantown has many experts and amateurs in the varied gymnastic and physical fields of even national if A GERMANTOWN BASKET BALL TEAM not international fame. By patient practice and persistent endeavor they have risen, in their special lines, to their rec- ognized strength, skill and superiority. Many of these, too, in the development of the physical man, have so subordi- nated the animal of the natural man by the supremacy of the mental and the moral in their natures, that to-day they [152 are the men who are commanding the respect, admiration and confidence for their strength and excellence of charac- ter, as well as for their healthy, vigorous and comely phy- sique. There is something magnificent, majestic and mag- netic in finely-statured, thoroughly-developed and well- rounded manhood or womanhood. It is the admiration of all. We well remember in boyhood days in all this region how horseback riding was widely in vogue as a means of physi- cal exercise. There was something exhilarating and fas- cinating about it. It is yet practised to some extent, but nothing like it was fifty or more years ago. Of course there was ball playing then and other exercises, but not carried on along the scientific and organic lines as at the present time, nor to the same extent. From the boys of Germantown, brimful of boyology as they are, to their gray-haired sires, the old boys yet young and sprightly of heart; from the girls, too, in their bright young life, to the venerable dames, mature and matronly, there is a widespread interest and devotion to athletics, whose outcome, under proper control, will be tributary to the health, strength and happiness of the coming men and women of the future. 153] lOURNALISTIC GERMANTOWN CHAPTER XXII. The history in detail of Germantown journalism would make a large and interesting book, whether written up from the standpoint of the men, boys and women who have been identified with it, or from that of the material work con- nected with its conduct, or from that of the character and continuance of the various publications issued. More than one Germantown journalist could have written or might now write a thrilling story on "What I have discovered in the publication of a newspaper." In the limits of this article we cannot, of course, go into details, but we can write enough to show that Journalistic Germantown has had and still has its important place in the life, not only of the old village, the revered borough, but also as a dominant part of a great cjty. As early as 1739 we find the begin- nings of journalism in this place. Watson, in the second volume of his "Annals of Philadel- phia," says : "The Germantown newspaper, by C. Sower, was printed but once a quarter, and began in the year 1739; and what was curious, he cast his own types and made his own ink. It eventually was printed monthly, but from and after the year 1734 it was printed every week, under the title of the 'Germantown Gazette,' by C. Sower, Jr., and was not discontinued till some time in the war." The next movement in issuing a newspaper here was in 1830, when Germantown was but a village. Philip R. Freas started what he called the "Village Telegraph," and later on he gave to it the name of "Germantown Telegraph." At the time it occupied an important and commanding posi- tion not only in the then county of Philadelphia, but [154 throughout the country. He continued to edit the paper until 1885. He died revered and honored for his journaHstic life of more than half a century in this town, April i, 1886. I remember well when a boy how we used- to welcome to our home the weekly visits of the "German town Tele- graph." The stories on its first page have often interested my youthful ears. In student life, as it came regularly to me, it always brought interest and cheer from my home town. Those were the days when its founder, Philip R. Freas, or "Major Freas," as he was familiarly known, was its editor and proprietor, when John A. Wagenseller, later on so well known as an honored and prominent citizen of Germantown; William M. Yeakel, WiUiam U. Butcher, and others, who became equally famous, were identified with its publication. It was a paper which had a wide local circulation, as well as a far-reaching subscription list all over the country. Farmers took it for its valuable agricul- tural suggestions as well . as for its interesting literary merit, while, its weekly letter signed "Penn" contained, one of the best commentaries on passing events of importance in Philadelphia ever published. Its local columns were well-filled with all occurrences of prominence in the town. Of course, the weekly newspaper of those times had a field which has since been materially changed, while the supply of magazine and other forms of publication have been so increased that the domain of the weekly newspaper has been vastly limited. Yet the days for such a paper have not passed. We have our great and cheap city dailies, but they do not and cannot go into the local details of outlying communities as the local weekly can and does. Amidst all these changes, however, the "Germantown Telegraph" still lives. When the first number of the paper appeared there were only twenty States in this Republic, with a population of less than 13,000,000. Now there are forty-six, with a popu- 155] lation of over 80,000,000, not to include our new colonies. Along in the early sixties came the publication of the "Germantown Chronicle," by G. Wharton Hammersley, a very interesting daily paper. It was changed from an evening to a morning paper, and was the first attempt, so far as I know, to issue a daily paper in the town. The pro- prietors afterwards removed to the city. The experiment was not a success and its publication was discontinued. Connected with this enterprise there was considerable loss, as much money was put in to make its publication a success. experiment was not a success and its publication was dis- continued. Connected with this enterprise there was con- siderable loss, as much money was put in to make its pub- lication a success. In 1 871 Walter H. Bonsall began the publication of the "Germantown Guide," and for more than a third of a cen- tury, as its editor and proprietor, he has continued to pub- lish it regularly every week. It is a neat, clean, reliable, unsensational sheet. Later on Henry Smith began the publication of the "Ger- mantown Gazette," Horace F. McCann and Alexander Savage the publication of the "Germantown Independent." Upon the death of Mr. Savage, Mr. McCann continued to issue the paper. He subsequently bought out the stock and good will of the "Gazette," and then issued the weekly under the combined name of "Germantown Independent- Gazette," a paper of which to-day he is proprietor and editor-in-chief, with Harvey B. Smith as the managing editor. It is an enterprising, wide-awake local journal, hav- ing already reached Volume XXVI in the history of its publication. Then there is "The News," published by WilHam Willans & Co. (It is a local and independent journal, and is now in the ninth volume of its publication. [156 Of course there have been other eiforts to establish a newspaper in the town, among which we might name the "Weekly Journal," by Henry B. Button, but these move- ments have not been attended with success, so that as in many other towns in the country, Germantown has had a number of funerals to bury newspapers whose publication here has been attended with failure. GERMANTOWN INDEPENDENT -GAZETTE BUILDING These have filled a place and rendered a service, but for a variety of reasons with a few exceptions they have been shortlived. A glance over the pages of each issue of the newspapers issued in Germantown from 1739 down to the present time would awaken great" interest and be sug- gestive of much that would be amusing and instructive, as well as inspiring and encouraging. 157] SUBURBAN GERMANTOWN CHAPTER XXIII. For more than two hundred years Germantown has been one of the most noted and beautiful of the suburbs of Phila- delphia. Anterior to the Revolution it was regarded and even then boasted of its palatial residences, whose sur- roundings were pictures of delight and scenes of enjoy- ment. Ere the close of the eighteenth century it took on increased prominence in this direction. The courtly social life of many of its families, with their homes in the midst of broad acres, or set within confines of small lawns and gardens, have come down to us in the written records or reliable traditions of those earlier days. Thus this subur- ban idea had much to do in the early growth and character of the town. It met with encouragement and favor in every direction. It was then a luxury to get out into the peaceful quiet of this attractive, healthful suburb, away from the noise and humdrum of the city. Perhaps in no part of Philadelphia are there more attract- ive suburban homes anywhere than in this Twenty-second ward. We pass these upon our best highways, avenues and streets in every direction. As we look upon and admire them we are oftentimes reminded of Cowper's couplet, "Suburban villas, highway-side retreats, Delight the citizen." Their environment, embracing tasteful landscape, beau- tiful lawn, harmonious decoration, all tributary to suburban life,, lend their charm to all lovers of the artistic in nature and to all admirers of the architectural in construction. The celebrated "Cottage Row," on Germantown avenue, above Penn street, and many other marked houses in dif- [158 ferent parts of the town, still survive as illustrations of this early idea. To me these are landmarks of the suburban life of the place of more than half a century ago. It was this idea that started up the homes on Tulpehocken street, Walnut lane, Greene street. Price street. Church lane, Locust avenue, and other prominent thoroughfares, long before Chelten avenue was even thought of. WISSAHICKON DRIVE During the first half of the nineteenth century one of the great factors, helpful in the building up and continuance of this suburban idea, was the construction of the "Philadel- phia, Germantown and Norristown Railroad." With its Philadelphia depot at Ninth and Green streets, it afforded more rapid transit for merchants and others to live out in the country, even while they conducted business in the city. Of course, at first the facilities were very meagre as 159] compared with what they are at present. Yet they served their purpose and their time to the extent needed. The stations of the Norristown branch of this road at Queen street and School lane afforded the needed oppor- tunities for locating homes accessible to them. Thus was the area on the west si.de of the town largely brought into its improved conditions. We well remember many of the early residents in this locaHty. The Germantown branch, with its Fisher's, Wister's, Shoemaker Lane Stations, and its depot at Main and Price streets, added largely in draw- ing people out from the crowded city to make their homes in this suburb. Subsequently there was a station at Church lane, but this and the one at Shoemaker's lane (now Penn street) were combined, after the road came under the con- trol of the Reading Company, into the Wingohocking Sta- tion, a name given to it after Wingohocking Creek, a stream which used to run down where Belfield avenue is located. The opening of the Chestnut Hill branch, in the early fif- ties, added wondrously to th.e encouragement of the suburbs. Then came the final removal from the old depot at Main and Price streets to its present site on Chelten avenue, again opening up other parts of the town for suburban residences. The suburban life of these earlier days was perhaps more distinct than it is at the present time, for the death or re- moval of these early residents have put the properties they improved on to the market to be occupied by another class of homes entirely, more compact, and in modern improve- ment, more convenient and comfortable in many respects. What heretofore had been farm land and forest was pur- chased by these early comers from the city, who erected thereon their homes, with their surrounding lawns and gardens, of large or less dimensions, according to the taste and wealth of the proprietors or newcomers. With the coming here of the Pennsylvania Railroad still other parts [160 of the town area were opened up to this same suburban idea, which has been most abundantly and beautifully exempHfied. With all the many distinctively suburban features of the past, there is no finer modern illustration of it than in ftse plan and building up of the part known as Pelham. Here suburban life is most gloriously perpetuated and eluci- A BEAUTIFUL, SUBURBAN SCENE dated. Art and architecture, landscape arrangements, ar- boriculture, horticulture and floriculture have been made tributary to the dominating thought. As in all the past, this feature has ever been conspicuous in every movement for the building up of the town, and is to-day one of the all prevailing ideals in many a brain ; so 161] we believe the time will never come when Germantown will cease to be prominently suburban. The famous Lin- coln Drive, and other kindred arrangements embraced by park or boulevard, will help to perpetuate the idea. Among the delights of this suburban life is the privilege of walking or riding out and observing its striking charac- teristics, pleasing beauties and endless varieties. Next to the joy of possessing them is the privilege of viewing them. This favor is open to all, and" in the twenty-one square miles embraced in the territorial area of the Twenty-second ward are many avenues along which parties may walk and ride, every moment and every glance rewarded by scenes that put one in love and rapture with all that suburban life can be freighted, to give satisfaction to the eye, gratification to the taste, recuperation to the mind and exhilaration to all the physical powers. This Twenty-second ward is still rich in open fields and ample groves, with running brooks and shady nooks, with its indescribable and unapproachable rural Wissahickon, its picturesque Vernon Park, its prospective Cliveden Battle Ground, and many other ideal attractions, all conducive to and examples of a fine suburban life. There may be some, who in their sordidness see only waste in all this expanse, expense and arrangement, just as the man gazing for the first time at Niagara Falls ex- claimed, "What a waste of water power." But there is a goodly host, who, rising above all merely. _commercial values, see that the preservation of this suburban idea is the right thing for Germantown. Connected with all the advantages and desirableness of this suburban life are other conditions here worthy of con- sideration. We have all the conveniences, facilities and comforts of the city, as in reality we are a part of the great municipality, even while we are in the suburbs and have all that can be suggested or wished for in suburban life. [162 CIVIC GERMANTOWN CHAPTER XXIV. While the word civic is old and was early introduced into the service of the English language, perhaps at no time in its history has it been more frequently used and utilized than during the past few weeks and months, especially in this vicinity. A study of Germantown, therefore, along the line as suggested by the title civic will be up-to-date. It is a word which relates to our civic affairs, to the concerns of a given community, city, State or nation. It appertains to civic life in distinction from a military, ecclesiastical or official state. It relates to rights and remedies sought by civil action instead of criminal procedure. It seeks to enforce the rights and redress the wrongs of an individual, company or community in a way without involving crimi- nal action. These definitions, illustrations and suggestions indicate the wide scope covered by this word. Fortunately, it is a choice, chaste and classical word. It is a good word to use and absorb into one's catalogue of terms utilized. The use of this adjective in connection with nouns rela- tive to the characteristics, conditions and convictions of the people will further reveal its reach of application, adap- tation and accentuation. Take, for example, the term civic righteousness, relating, to the rightness- of the civil life of the community in all its forms ; the term civic hon- esty, appertaining to the absolute integrity of all dealings in connection with the conduct of civil affairs; the term civic purity, having reference to the highest regard for a life which strictly follows the requirements of the moral law and the rigid demands of a pure nature as well as an unseared conscience; the term civic cleanliness in all its 163] wide ramifications as it relates to the individual, the fam- ily, the home, the community, in its bearings on personal comfort, health, convenience, the public thoroughfare and general good of all. Along this same avenue of thought also is the term civic interest — the taking of a deep, con- stant, personal interest in all the civil affairs of the com-, munity on the part of every individual citizen, as well as the almost kindred term of civic responsibility, the feeling of a conscious personal responsibility for the management and condition of the concerns which are vital to the good name, the right conduct and the proper status of the coni- munity. From the viewpoint of these various positions thus men- tioned what must be the conclusion relative to Civic Ger- mantown? We are not blind to the many good things which may be said in commendation of the interest and position of our people in the conduct and status of all that pertains to our civil life. Perhaps in this respect we stand as high as any community with the same conditions we have. A goodly host do take a living, constant, practical interest in all civic affairs. There is a personal pride on the part of many along these lines. Some do it because, as we say, it is their business to do it. That is what they are hired to do. They are paid for what they do. This is a low and sordid way of looking at this business. No money value can be placed upon the services of some of those to whom is specially committed this work. They take a per- sonal interest, manifest an individual concern and do an amount of thinking, as well as painstaking, in the line of civil life in which they are specially employed that is worthy of our highest commendation and appreciation. This is true of many of our police officers, postal clerks and carriers, firemen and other public functionaries. All may not be perfect or blameless, but as a class and as a rule we might be served by much worse men than we are. [164 it may be stated as a fact that the civic conditions of a community will not rise any higher or be any better than is the felt civic interest and responsibility of the citizens themselves. Civic German town is just what the civic life of its own citizens make it — ^nothing more and nothing less. Perhaps there can be no better way of cultivating what i/X""- ■ 1 ^ i ■ - -; '___^ - .m. \ ^^^''^T""'^- F' * L ^. . / 1 m ^W A T i hB. i^ iHF ■ .: liHi^iHitiHiiiin: TOWN HALL may be called the "Germantown spirit" — a spirit that is proud of the place, that beUeves in the town, that stands for its good name, that exalts all that is commendable in it — ^than the encouragement of a high-toned, enthusiastic, enterprising, liberal-minded civic spirit. Derelictions there 165] may be in our civic affairs. Unflawed crystals are not pro- duced in the mines of our present human life. Some of the outs in the conduct of our civil concerns would like to be the ins. If these changes came, perhaps those who are now out would do no better if they got to be the ins. These conditions have continued through all the past; they con- tinue still. There have been improvements — great improve- ments — vast expenses made necessary, involving large HON. ALEXANDER HENRY expenditures, but we have something to show and to enjoy for all this. As one thinks of Germantown fifty and more years ago, with its unpaved streets, dark lanes, miserable sidewalks, and other conditions familiar in those days, and looks upon it at present with its miles of paved avenues, excellent sewers, splendid sidewalks and other improvements, many [166 certainly have been taking an interest in its civic welfare. True, these have cost money and imposed taxes, yet how much property has advanced in value. Very few if any would want to sell their property for the price at which it is taxed. All things considered, then, all prejudice laid aside, a fair estimate made upon facts and conditions as they exist. Civic Germantown will compare very favorably with the civil life of any other similar community. HON. ALFRED C. HAKMER A recent study into the history and work of the Business Men's Association of Germantown has convinced me very strongly that we have within our borders no organization and no body of men which is doing more for the honor, development and correct rightness of Civic Germantown than this band of our citizens, with W. H. Paramore as the President; C. M. Siefken, Vice-President; John j. Kenney, 167] Secretary, and Frederick Studenmund, Jr., Treasurer. The Board of Directors of this Association, too, are men who have proved their civic interest in the town. This body, in a quiet yet positive and inexpensive way, is ever watching for the best interests of the town in all its civic as well as commercial affairs. Its principles are based on right views and it has a far-reaching constituency. Under very auspicious circumstances it had its beginning in 1896, while its otganic life took positive shape in Janu- ary, 1897, with Hiram T. Parker as its first president, and its present efficient secretary in the same position then. During the more than twelve years of the life of this body in suggestion, in active participation and in practical results achieved, it has served the civic interests of the town re- markably well. It is neither a political nor a religious organization, yet its active spirits are personally identified in the political as well as the religious welfare of the place. Men of all religious creeds and of all political faiths here meet, meditate and mould for the highest good of Civic Germ'antown, as well as for that fraternity in business among the merchants and the people which adds its influ- ence and mutual helpfulness to the civil life of the place. Another important body, the Germantown and Chestnut Hill Improvement Association, is also doing a superb work in the betterment of our material conditions, along lines helpful to a true civic pride. The officers of this wide- awake organization are : President, S. A. Jeliett ; Vice- Presidents, C. F. Jenkins and Samuel Mason; Secretary, W. H. Emhardt, Jr.; Treasurer, J. H. Ritter; while those co-operating with them are in fullest accord with the objects receiving attention. [16S HOSPITABLE GERMANTOWN CHAPTER XXV. ~ Hospitality carries with it the idea of receiving and en- tertaining strangers or guests with kindness and without reward. It means cordiaHty and generosity to guests. For this characteristic the people of Germantown have an estab- lished reputation. In the early days the first settlers mar- velously illustrated this trait in their entertainment of emigrants from the fatherland. On their arrival at the port of Philadelphia our citizens would meet them, bring them out to Germantown and provide for them here, as best they could until the guests removed to the locality secured for their settlement. In fact, this kind of procedure has continued through all the years, down to the present time, perhaps not on so broad a scale as in the times above re- ferred to, because the conditions and necessities are differ- ent. Yet the principle has been exemplified in a variety of ways, even if the sphere of the action has been more limited. Many friends and kinsfolk have thus been welcomed and entertained as they have arrived upon American shores from their native countries. This hospitableness, too, has been as bountiful as it was beautiful and as continued as it was kind-hearted. There are those yet living within our borders who well remember, either the story or the fact, of the gracious hospitality in the homes of their ancestors, some of whom were kept poor by the generous open house policy they maintained, wherein every newcomer was made to feel the homeful welcome extended. The traditions and record of this open-heartedness dur- ing the eighteenth and the early part of the nineteenth cen- 169] turies have come down to us with all their genial pleasant- ness and courteous felicity. While in some special cases this was lavish indeed for the times, yet it was so managed as to be in no way offensive. As we first recall it in the early fifties of the last century we remember well the pro- found impression it made upon our youthful mind. The amount of inter-visiting and entertaining then was widely practised and abundantly reciprocated. Families would and did greatly inconvenience themselves in order to exem- plify the principle of being "given to hospitality." On the occasion of holidays, anniversaries and annual meetings, the entertaining homes were exuberant. Cordiality and welcome were in the air. In the hospitality of those days there was perhaps less of the stilted, more of the simplicity, a satisfaction in entertaining guests with the plain substan- tials of life. In the entertainment for special religious gatherings in those days there was more of the home life interblended; that is, many homes would be open for the guests, and to these, in little companies, they would go for their meals as well as for their lodgings. This feature now, of course, is not so prominent, but the grace of hospitality is not dying out. Great changes have, of course, come. Families have not now as then their kitchen gardens, where they raised so much' of fruit and vegetables. Now every- thing almost has to be bought. The cost of living is greater. Rents are higher, and it is not so easy now to have the guest room in the home as it was a half century and more ago. Yet let there be any religious anniversary held in Ger- mantown, let there be an annual gathering of any of the fraternities, let there meet here any large company where fellowship and friendship are required; these elements of character will be illustrated and our people will be ready to demonstrate their affability and courteous hospitality. Bring to Germantown a Methodist Conference, a Baptist [170 Association, a Presbyterian Assembly, a Lutheran Synod, an Episcopalian Diocesan gathering, a Roman Catholic Convention, a Congregational Union, or a company of any other religious body and the hospitality of the people will brim over to meet the exigencies of the occasion. The: same conditions would also be exhibited towards the gatherings of other than strictly religious bodies. Secular, social, fra- ternal, scientific, professional, educational assemblies meet with a kindly treatment. Who oan ever forget the hospitality of this town as mani- fested during the Civil War from 1861 to 1865? As the THE DBLMAR "Boys in Blue" went forth in defense of their country, what an hospitable send-off was extended, to them; and as wounded or as visitors when they came within our borders during the progress of the Rebellion, what a welcome and kindness was evermore shown. When the war was all over, and they came back, "all that was left of them," they were received with open hands and generous hearts. In other ways, too, this spirit has been shown. When our youth have gone forth to prepare in varied schools or 171] in other fields for life's great work, as they have returned from time to time to the dear old town, to find, perchance, no father's house in existence to receive them and no mother's home open to welcome them, how generously they have been invited and made to feel at home in the resi- dences of other kinsfolk or acquaintances upon which they had no claim. The memories of these generous-hearted friends can never be obliterated, but will evermore be asso- ciated with the fact that the people of Germantown are as a rule hospitable. THE WHITE SWAN No one can think of and visit the many and varied phil- anthropic institutions and agencies of this community with- out being favorably impressed with the hospitality of the place. Take the generous, open-handed, widely-extended work of our Germantown Hospital, whose very name accords with that of hospitableness, and it is indeed a ver- itable hospice to many a poor sufferer. Our Whosoever Gospel Mission stands for hospitality along lines where it [172 is often most needed, as does also our Germantown Relief Society, not to speak of many other agencies. What stran- ger can ever enter the buildings of our Young Men's Chris- tian Association, or of our Women's Christian Associationi and other kindred edifices, without feeling, in the grip of welcome extended, the hospitality of our people ? The same is true of our Masonic fraternity, our Odd Fel- lows, Knights of Pythias and other secret orders, which stand for friendship and fellowship. Our churches, too, as a rule, are centres of a cordial, Christian hospitality, while over the entrance way to many of our private homes may be written the word Hospitable, yea, and a goodly host of our people can rightfully be badged with this same title. In this respect we shall find what we are looking for. If we have faith in, and an admiration for our town, we shall see on every hand many examples of all that is claimed for it in this article. If, on the contrary, we are dominated by a cynical, faultfinding disposition, we may not see it through the same eyes as does the writer of this. The most recent exhibition of this hospitality was given in the entertainment extended to the Pennsylvania German Society, which on that occasion held its anniver- sary here. What could have been more cordial, generous, hospitable? The quiet dignity exhibited, the almost classic culture displayed, the evident local pride exemplified, made the visit of the members of that society one never to be forgotten. As a host the entertainers played a royal part, and the laudations of the guests confirmed all that can pos- sibly be claimed for the town's hospitality. This very hospitable spirit has had its share in the growth and the homelike feeling so strongly prevalent throughout our borders. From personal knowledge, and a more than half century of observation, we can claim that Germantown is "given to hospitality." 173] HOMOGENEOUS GERMANTOWN ! . • CHAPTER XXVI. This title may seem to be startling to many, because there are those who think that Germantown is one of the most heterogeneous of places, and so it is ; yet with all its diversity and extremes, there is certainly a marvelous homogeneity here. In this community are to be found the very opposites in all the relationships of life. Here are the very wealthy and the very poor, the highly cultured and the rudely uncouth, the thrifty and vigorous, as well as the shiftless and idle ; white and black, as well as persons of nearly all nationalitieis ; the scrupulously religious and the positively irreligious. The same opposites appear in the lines of business, in the way of doing things, in the art of living and in all the forms that enter into the life and make- up of the town. Yet, with all these divergencies and appar- ent antagonisms, there are common platforms where there is a greater or less unity and where a certain homogeneous- ness asserts itself. We see this in our public schools. There the children of the rich and poor, the cultured and the uncouth, the native born and the foreigner, the thrifty and the thriftless, meet in the same class rooms, study the same lessons, are subject to the same discipline, are sportive in the same recess and on the same playground. No one can look on and be familiar with life in or about our public schools without noting a striking illustration of our subject. These pupils come from homes as diversified, are the posterity of condi- tions as different, are themselves as multifarious in dispo- sition as it is possible to conceive of ; yet there is a striking unity if not uniformity. Only the other day, while looking [174 P3 M H Eh 03 into the enclosure around one of our schools, at the recess hour, a bystander remarked in our hearing, "That is a homo- geneous crowd." He spoke the truth, and yet it was as heterogeneous as it well could be. Surely the American spirit which can unify and blend these opposites, as it did in the case referred to, is worthy of recognition, commenda- tion and appreciation. In the attendance upon our churches we see this subject specially exemplified. We hear sometimes of churches for the rich and churches for the poor. We do not know of a church in Germantown where the poor are not welcomed. As in Bible times, "the rich and poor meet together." Look in upon all the congregations, and at the same service you will find the dwellers of humble cottages as well as those of more pretentious homes — the highly cultured and those who have had less favorable surroundings, the worker in the factory, the mechanic from the shop, the clerk from the store, as well as the banker, the merchant and the profes- sional — all entering into the make-up of the same audience. The diversity may be equal to the numbers in attendance, yet the homogeneousness of the entire assembly is a recog- nized fact. In our street cars and on our steam railroads we have to accommodate ourselves to the same conditions. The car may be crowded and each occupant may be as different from all the others as possible, yet there they are in one conveyance, all treated alike, paying the same fare, stand- ing or sitting, as it may chance to be. A thoughtful ob- server notes these facts and is impressed with the demo- craticness of all concerned. The trolley car, like the old stage coach, is a great commonizer and leveler in the humanities of life. Our Wayne, Germantown, Chelten and Olney avenue lines are no exceptions to this rule. Here the day laborer, the factory employe, the school girl, the store clerk, the millionaire, the merchant, the lady of fash- [176 ion, the different races, yea, all classes, travel together as if there were no distinctions. Go into our stores, out upon the marts of trade, into our parks, into our secret societies, among our associations, upon our streets, at the post-office, where there may be entertainments, at the polls, everywhere, we are met by COURTYARD OP CHESTNUT HILL. ACADEMY these same homogeneous experiences. Why this is so arises mainly from the country in which we live. Our Republican form of government, its Democratic principles, and the general fusing of all elements into the great com- posite of American character. In no other nation under the sun is there such a homogenealness. It has its strik- 177] ing advantages, and to the minds of some it may have its disagreeable features. It is here all the same, and it is here to stay. A true intelligence recognizes it and seeks to make the best of it by aiming for the elevation and amelioration from those heterogeneous characteristics which may be deteriorating, demoralizing and undesirable, into that atmosphere where culture, a proper etiquette, self-respect, and a reasonable regard for the rights of and civilities to ' others shall have their sway. Thus it is that upon our same streets and highways are ranged the homes of culture, re- finement, wealth and fashion with the abodes where the inmates are dependent on their daily toil, and where there are even conditions almost undreamed of, save to those who may personally be cognizant of them. This blending and fusing and leveling of conditions in Germantown is not as common as to partake in the least of the vulgar and the obnoxious, nor is it so high as to be autocratic or patronizing, but it occupies a commendable mean between the two great extremes that makes a good and true homogeneousness which is pleasant to contem-. plate and a privilege to enjoy. In all of this the citizens of to-day are simply emulating and carrying out what has. been a striking attribute of the town from its very incep- tion. The early settlers were noted for this trait, and ever since down to the present time affability and compatability, even amid a contrary environment, have been maintained. Aside from the factors spoken of as conducive to the encouragement of this trait there are other favorable ele- ments also helpful to the same end. The good sense and the true spirit of the people have their strong influence. The ties of kinship and friendship, even in diverging social conditions, keep flexible heartstrings which might under other circumstances produce rigidness and separation. [178 TELEPHONIC GERMANTOWN CHAPTER XXVII. In this chapter of our book I feel that I pay a high compliment to the place when I call it Telephonic German- town. To my mind the telephone, all things considered, is the greatest of all modern inventions. To have it in your home or place of business for years and thus come to understand what a companiori it is when entirely alone, enabling you to talk with the outside world; what a protec- tion it is in the midst of threatened danger ; what a comfort it is when sickness suddenly appears, affording immediate access to physician, drug store and needed friends ; what a convenience it is for reaching stores, different persons whom -you wish to converse with, and for the wide field of service required in business as well as social interests. As a time saver, a business conductor, a distance annihilator, an all-round convenience, there is nothing equal to or can take the place of the telephone. While this great invention has been utilized in a thou- sand ways, yet it is practically only in the very infancy of its career and real utility. Before it are possibilities and uses we have not yet dreamed of. These will be realized and be as .convenient as face to face consultation and en- joyment of the telephone will continue to win its way to universal public use and favor. When one stops to think of all that the telephone is, per- mits and utilizes, and then comes to know that in our own beloved Germantown there are in the various homes, places of business and other structures over two thousand of these wonderful conveniences belonging to one company alone, surely we are proud to give the title Telephonic to 179] the place. The Germantown steam tra:ins run on an aver- age about every half hour, excepting a few hours in the very earliest part of the morning, the trolley cars every few minutes, excepting also these same earliest hours, but the telephone takes your message, as a rule, any moment, day or night, and brings you the answer, only in reasonably exceptional cases, instantly. Speaking from our own per- sonal experience in this town, we have always found the service prompt, courteous, reliable, and certainly very rea- sonable in price. It has saved many a frequent errand, many a long tramp, the necessity of writing many a letter. It has prevented many a disappointm-ent, many a misunder- standing, and many an expenditure that would have been useless. We know its value and it is a. privilege to write in its praise. [180 One of the great corporations, having large investments in and close connection with our town, a few years ago was involved in a business transaction requiring, to accomplish its plans in a necessary very limited space of time, twenty millions of dollars. Such was the momentousness of the need that New York had to be communicated with. The telegraph would not answer the purpose and the.e was not time for a personal visit, while the recourse to a letter was out of the question. The telephone was the dernier resort. for what was done had to be done speedily and before the close of business hours. A Philadelphia broker telephoned a New York broker, who in turn called up a number of other stock brokers, and inside of twenty minutes he tele- phoned to this city that the loan was secured. As a result of this rapid action one of the greatest of modern business changes was brought about. This marvelous piece of speedy work gave us an impression of the value and utility 181] of the telephone which we had not before, but' which has been growing upon us ever since. In the above transaction the parties in New York did not know at the time what the real business was. The matter was carried on simply through the confidence existing be- tween established stock dealing concerns. They were one hundred miles from the parties of interest in the transac- tion. In view of all the interests involved in this enterprise, the speed and conditions under which it was made a suc- cess, only the utilized facilities which the telephone afforded could have made the achievement even possible To be able to sit down in your home or place of business and talk with parties at a distance as if they were by your side is the marvel of the ages. This was wonderfully illustrated on the night of the last Presidential election. Through the courtesy, skill and tact of our Telephone Company all we had to do that evening was for the people to sit in their own quiet homes and with ' receiver at the ear get all the returns relative to the elec- tion from every part of the United States. That certainly was a triumph of science and of convenience which could have been furnished only by the telephone, and that, too, virtually without cost to all who had a phone in their pos- session, except the regular monthly charges. It certainly means much to this town's future, as well as present, to have all these telephonic facilities. Another illustration of the utility of the telephone may be mentioned as it came under our own knowledge. A public meeting was desired to be held the next Friday evening in a certain town. It was already Monday and no arrangements had been made. The party in charge was at his wit's end. He was recommended to use the telephone, which he did. The first call was to ascertain whether the hall could be secured. This settled, the person needed to preside lived some thirty miles away. He was called by [182 the phone nearest to his residence, but it was learned that he had left for a city one hundred miles distant. How to reach him was the question. The telephone was again used and with success. Then a prominent speaker was desired from New York city. Again the phone was put in service. Within one hour all difficulties were overcome. The party in charge did not leave his seat and the cost was only a little over one dollar. The meeting was thus planned for under very trying conditions, but these were overcome by the telephone. It was held as planned for and was a great success. In my work as a pastor I find the telephone an invaluable assistant. It saves my time. It saves many a mile of travel. In the varied calls upon me and in making important ar- rangements it is an incomparable helper. In many domes- tic and other needs it is a mighty relief in the service it can render. In many ways it more than pays for itself, as its actual cost in the Germantown zone is only about six and a half cents a day, while beyond, within the city limits, it can be used for an outlay of five or ten cents a call. By this remarkable service Germantown is brought into face to face communication with a radius of territory cover- ing at least a thousand miles in every direction, and with near-by towns by a distinctness and ease that is truly aston- ishing. 183] ACCESSIBLE GERMANTOWN CHAPTER XXVIII. . As one considers the remarkably central locality of Ger- maritown, its steam railroad as "well as trolley facilities for rapid transit, the highways leading to and passing, through it, for all kinds of vehicles, the accessibility of the place to the outside world becomes very apparent. This is true now, but as these facilities are to be improved and greatly increased in number by elevated tracks through the built- up parts of the city, and by contemplated subways from the City Hall to and through our entire limits. Already the Reading and Pennsylvania Roads, to and from the Terminal and Broad Street Stations, give us seventy-five trains each way every week-day, stopping at appropriate points on the way between Market street and Chestnut Hill, and all stopping at Chelten avenue, making that great, broad cross-town thoroughfare, prospectively, one of the most important highways for business in the northern part of the city. Any hour almost, day and night, by way of North Phila- delphia, oh the Pennsylvania, and Germantown (Wayne) Junction on the Reading, there are the best possible connec- tions with all parts of the country — North, South, East or West. We have one of the best cross-town trolley lines in the city, with a car about every five minutes during the. day and at suitable intervals all night long, between the Schuyl- kill and Delaware rivers, connecting by transfer with the lines on Ridge avenue, Wayne avenue, Germantown ave- nue, Chelten avenue, York road. Fifth street, Frankford avenue and Richmond street. [184 There are also the Germantown avenue lines, with a car about every thrfee minutes during the day, and at reasonable hours from midnight to early morning, connecting by trans- fer at important points, leading down to the very heart and lower part of the city, as well as up to connection with the Pottstown and Allentown lines out into the country. Then there is the splendid Wayne avenue line, with its commodious cars and important connections through the very centre and down into the southern part of the city, in its central part. The Chelten avenue line, running from Wissahickon avenue to the York road, and in the summer time, when occasions require, on afternoons and evenings to and from Willow Grove, gives us good access to the picturesque Wissahickon. [186 ; We have also the noted Willow Grove line, by way of Glenside, running through our borders on Wayne, Chelten and Ogontz avenues, transferring to or connecting with almost everything in the city whose line it crosses between Second and Lehigh avenue and the City Line, as well as at Willow Grove with the Hatboro and Doylestown lines, and with the latter with cars to Easton. As an idea of these facilities, about twelve hundred trol- ley cars each day cross at Germantown and Chelten ave- nues. This of itself indicates a means of access to different parts which is simply marvelous. With the growth and development of the town other lines will be established. Upon the completion of the world-renowned concrete bridge across the Wissahickon, connecting Roxborough and Germantown, we shall be more and more accessible to other and important communi- ties. With the Midvale and Ridge avenue lines we have ■;splendid connections with the Park Trolley to different localities in Fairmount Park and the more western sections of the city. Surely, with these rapid transit facilities at our very doors, this old historic town, founded two hundred and twenty-five years ago by the Germans, is entitled to the name accessible. Nor are we deficient in our supply of car- riages, automobiles and other vehicles. 187] OUTREACHING GERMANTOWN CHAPTER XXIX. We use this title to speak of the communities that have sprung up in other places from persons who once lived here, or whose ancestors formerly dwelt in this place. A very close example of this comes to mind. Wigard Lever- ing, his wife and four children settled here in 1685. They came from Gamen, in Westphalia. For seven years this was their home, but in 1692 they removed to what is now Roxborough, where he bought five hundred acres of land and became one of the founders of that community, with whose history his descendants have been so prominently identified. It was his grandson, William, who built the first hotel in Roxborough, known as "Leverington Hotel." Through his exertions the first schoolhouse in that town was erected, on land which he gave in 1748. The earliest efforts for the establishment of religious services there were made by the Levering family, whose ancestry first lived in Germantown. They were the founders of the his- toric Baptist Church in that community, gave the ground on which its meeting houses were erected. This church was organized in 1789, and from its constitution to the present time there have always been one or more of the descendants of Wigard Levering serving it as a deacon as well as in other offices of honor or trust. It was during the pastorate of the author of this book, from the begin- ning of 1865 to the latter part of 1877, that the old meeting house, back in the graveyard, was torn down and the pres- ent magnificent structure erected. The bell in the spire of this church took the prize at the Centennial Exposition in 1876. [188 From this noted family in Roxborough, whose first home in this country was Germantown, have gone mem- bers who have been identified with the building up of vil- lages, towns and cities in other parts -of this country. Notably is this the case with the Levering family, of Bal- timore, Md., among whose honored names stand to-day the brothers, Eugene and Joshua Levering. The same might be said of Lafayette, Indiana, where the brothers, John and William, sons of Abraham Levering, became so distinguished in their day. All the renown and achieve- THB OLD ROXBOROUGH BAPTIST CHURCH ment of this family, through all these two hundred and sixteen years in the marvelous outreach, may be traced back with an ever-deepening interest to their original set- tlement in Germantown. This is only one case in a thousand of similar ones. In every State and Territory of this country are those who take an honest pride in the first settlement of this town by their German ancestry. In all of these Commonwealths the Germans are observing, as an anniversary, October 6, commemorative of the event when their ancestors or those 189]. from the same Faderland founded Germantown, the first community in this country to be established by Germans. Thus it is that on the very recent two hundred and twenty-fifth anniversary of the landing in Philadelphia of the founders of Germantown, from all parts of the coun- ROXBOROUGH BAPTIST CHURCH, ERECTED 1877 try, and official representatives of Germany, were here to celebrate appropriately, under the direction of the German-American Alliance, the day so memorable in our history. All this is its own best commentary on the out- reaching influence of Germantown. [190 PROSPECTIVE GERMANTOWN CHAPTER XXX. It would be a pleasure to continue these chapters, on the good attributes of this town, and, in addition to the letters already used, sweep the entire English alphabet in the por- trayal of noted characteristics, dwelling upon Delightful, Gastronomic, Knightly, Neighborly, Quizzical, Uplifting, Victorious, Excellent, Youthful and Zealous Germantown, but we forbear and close these sketches with a look into the future, a glance at Prospective Germantown. Patrick Henry, in speaking of our country, said : "I have no way of judging the future but by the past." Judged by the past, Germantown's changes have been marvelous and her achievements wonderful. Upon this standard her future is certainly bright with hope and promise along every line of contemplation. When the elevation of the Reading tracks from Spring Garden Station to Wayne Junction shall be an accom- plished fact, and the line probably equipped with electricity, that will have much to do with our development and ad- vance. When this same railroad shall go under the now dangerous crossings at Chelten avenue, Aririat and Bayn- ton streets, or avoiding altogether the present circuitous curve shall branch off below Wingohocking Station, and, by an elevated track, connect with the Chestnut Hill Road above Morton street, this will be one of the hopeful changes in the near future. The prospective subway under Broad street from City Hall to the City Line, with probable branches under Ger- mantown avenue. Chew street and other thoroughfares to 191] Chestnut Hill and elsewhere, will work marvelous changes in all this region. Taking each one of the subjects enlarged upon or sug- gested in this book and following out the lines therein dwelt upon, the future of this place looms with an import- ance beyond the compass of human thought. Even the prophet's vision would fail to do justice to the ever-widen- ing horizon that opens upon our imagination. Germantown AIR SHIP. has had a past, a glorious past, but on that past she can- not rest. To be equal to the occasion and the opportunities she must face toward the front and onward march to the immense conquests and possibilities of the broad and bright future awaiting her utilization. No greater are the surprises that would greet the pioneers of 1683, could they visit us at the present time, than would [192 greet us two hundred and twenty-five years hence could we come back and view the place. It will be an ever-increasing centre of interest, influence and importance. There are boys and girls in our homes, upon our streets and connected with our schools to-day who will probably live to celebrate, seventy-five years from now, the three hundredth anniver- sary of the arrival of the Founders of Germantown. When that day arrives, October 6, 1983, what they shall see as the achievements, changes and successes of the present century, no tongue can tell or prophet's- pen portray. More than fifty-eight years of my own life or knowledge of this town have witnessed marvels, but not so great as will be witnessed in the years that are to come. Our prospective will be greater than our retrospective has been. With an established High School within our borders, and every other needed facility supplied, Prospective German- town will keep pace with the advancing times on which we shall continue to enter. 193] ■* \ \