CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY Digitized by Microsoft® Cornell University Library PA 112S.S71 1900 3 1924 021 609 395 .„. Digitized by Microsoft® This book was digitized by Microsoft Corporation in cooperation witli Cornell University Libraries, 2007. You may use and print this copy in limited quantity for your personal purposes, but may not distribute or provide access to it (or modified or partial versions of it) for revenue-generating or other commercial purposes. Digitized by Microsoft® Cornell University Library The original of this book is in the Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.Qra/details/cu31924021609395 ^ Digitizea by Microsoft® Digitized by Microsoft® Digitized by Microsoft® er-^' Gca>^S Digitized by Microsoft® Digitized by Microsoft® Digitized by Microsoft® JEemorial Ctiittoii GREEK LEXICON OF THE ROMAN AND BYZANTINE PERIODS (From B. C. 146 to A. D. 1100) By E. a. SOPHOCLES , . . . e7r«8i7 Kal Tou otvov rj^iovs irlveiv, ^vvcKirori' icrrl croi kol Tr\v rpvya NEW YORK CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS 1900 Digitized by Microsoft® Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1870, by E. A. SOPHOCLES, in the Clerk's Oifice of the District Court of the District of Massachusetts. Janibersfts Press: John Wilson and Son, Cambridge. Digitized by Microsoft® NOTE. A NUMBER of words compounded with Kara, irepl, trpo, ■n-p6<;, aw, virep, and uTTo, are left undefined. The proper directions with regard to them are given under gach of these prepositions. The same remark appHes to words whose first component part is 4>CKo-, yfrevSo-. The reader is of course sup- posed to know the meaning of the second component part. This retrenchment is to be attributed to absolute necessity, the alternative being to give up the intention of publishing the book. E. A. SOPHOCLES. At a meeting of the President and Fellows of Harvard College, in Boston, January 11, 1887, it was Voted : To authorize the publication by Messrs. Charles Scribner's Sons of a Memorial Edition of Professor Sophocles's " Greek Lexicon of the Roman and Byzantine Periods," and to intrust the whole matter to Pro- fessor Joseph Hbnkt Thayer. The present edition differs from the second impression of 1870 by the correction of nearly two hundred evident inadvertencies. In a few instances additions have been introduced, enclosed in square brackets ; but such addi- tions will be readily distinguished, by their qualifying or correcting character, from the matter similarly enclosed by the author. For the greater number of these emendations the thanks of students are due to Professor Henry Drisler, LL.D., of New York. J. H. T. Cambridge, Massachusetts, April, 1887. Digitized by Microsoft® Digitized by Microsoft® INSCRIBED Charles F. Adams Boston. William Amort, " Thomas- G. Appleton, ... " Edward Adstin, " JosiAH Bardwell, " John P. Batlet, " James H. Beal, " James M. Beebe, " GrBORGE T. BiGELOW, .... " William H. Bordman, ..." J. Ingersoll Bowditoh, ... " Martin Brimmer, " Peter C. Brooks, " Sidney Brooks, Newport. Benj. p. Burgess, Boston. Thomas Jefferson Coolidge, . " PiRMiN CousiNERT, .... New York. Samuel T. Dana, Boston. James Davis, " Eugene Dutilh, New York. Charles W. Eliot, .... Cambridge. John W. Pield, Philadelphia. DwiGHT Poster, Boston. Franghiadi & Co., .... New York. N. B. GriBBs, Boston. *Thomas a. Gtoddard, ... " H. B. Haokett, Newton. Alphbus Hardy, Boston. Pranklin Haven, " ♦Augustine Heard, .... " Charles Homer, " Samuel Hooper " H. H. Hunneweli, . . . . Boston. Joseph Iasigi, ...... (t Oscar Iasigi, » Henry P. Kidder, . . . . u James L. Little .... it John A. Lowell, u J. E. Lowell, Cambridge. Arthur T. Lyman, . . . . Boston. George W. Lyman, . . . . a Theodore Lyman, .... 11 E. R. Mudge, li S. R. Payson, it Andrew P. Peabody, . . Cambridge. P. H. Peabody, .... Boston. Ralli & Co., New York. ♦Nicholas Eeggio, . . . Boston. Chandler Robbins, . . . 11 EODOOANACHI & PrANGHLADI, . New York. H. B. Rogers, Boston. Ignatius Sargent, .... It Joseph Sawyer, u Francis Skinner, .... u *JosHuA Stetson, .... u Christopher T. Thayee, . . H Nathaniel Thayee, . . . U Nathaniel Thayee, Je., . . (( S. V. R. Thayee, .... u Joseph Thoron, New York. Samuel G. Ward, . . . it William G. Weld, . . . . Boston. Edward Wigglesworth, . II In acknowledgment of their Uberality and friendship, BY THE AUTHOR. Digitized by Microsoft® Digitized by Microsoft® AUTHORS REFERRED TO. The names of the earlier authors are not given in this list, because Greek scholars are supposed to be familiar with them. Authors of the Third Epoch of the Byzantine Period are referred to only when they throw any light upon those of the preceding Epochs. Abuc. — Theodorus Ahucara (A. D. 770). Patrologia Graeca, XCVII. Acac. B. — Acacius of Berrhoea (A. D. 437). Ibid. LXXVII. Achill. Tat. — Achilles Tatius (second cen- tury ? ?). Dldot's Erotici Scriptores. Pa- risiis. 1856. — Isagoge ad Arati Phaeno- mena. Patrologia Graeca, XIX. Achmet, an assiimed name (A. D. 950±). Regalt. Lutetiae. 1613. Acrop. — Georgius Acropolita (A. D. 1282). Bonnae. 1836. Adam. — Adamantius (A. D. 850±). Patro- logia Graeca, XL Adam. S. ^ Adamantius, sophista (A. D. 415). Franz. Altenburgi. 1780. Ael. — Claudius Aelianus (A. D. 222). Her- cher. Parisiis. 1 855. Ael. Tad. — Aelianus, tacticus (A. D. 117). Kdchly. Lipsiae. 1858. Aen. Gaz. — Aeneas of Gaza (A. D. 490). Patrologia Graeca, LXXXV. Aen. Tact. — Aeneas, tacticus. Orellius. Lip- siae. 1818. Aesop. — Aesopieae Fabulae. Coraes. Pa- risiis. 1810. Aet. — Aetius (A. a. 500±). Venetiis. 1534. Afric. — Julius Africanus (A. D. 222). Patro- logia Graeca, X. — Epistola ad Origenem, XI. — Cesti (interpolated). Thevenot's Veteres Mathematici. Parisiis. 1693. Agap. — Agapetus (A. D. 565). Patrologia Graeca, LXXXVI, 1. Agath. — Agathias (A. D. 582). Bonnae. 1828. Agatkar. — Agatharchides (B. C. 113). Di- dot's Geographi Graeci Minores. Parisiis. 1855. Agathem,. — Agathemerus (A. D. 200). Hoff- mann. Lipsiae. 1842. Alciphr. — Alciphron (fourth century??). Seller. Lipsiae. 1856. Alex. — Concilium Alexandrinum (A. D. 372). Coleti, 11 Alex. A. — Alexander of Alexandria (A. D. 326). Patrologia Graeca, XVIIL Alex. Aphr. — Alexander of Aphrodisias (A. D. 200). Problemata. Ideler, I. By pages. Alex. Comn. — Alexius Comnenus (A. D. 1118). Lingenthal's Jus Graecoromanum. Alex. Hier. — Alexander of Jerusalem (A. D. 251). Patrologia Graeca, X. Alex. Lye. — Alexander of Lycopolis (A. D. 304). Ibid. xvm. Alex. Trail. — Alexander of Tralles (A. D. 490±). Andermacus. Basiliae. — Hepi iKfilvdav. Ideler, vol. I. Amman. — Ammonius, grammaticus (A.D. 400). Valokenaer. Lipsiae. 1822. Amman. Presb. — Ammonius Presbyter (A. D. 558). Patrologia Graeca, LXXXV. AmphU. — AmphUochius (A. D. 395). Ibid. XXXIX. Anast. Ant. — Anastasius of Antioch (A. D. 599 ?). Ibid. LXXXIX. Anast. Caes. — Anastasius of Caesarea (A. D. 1095). Ibid. CXXVII. Anast. Sin. — Anastasius Sinaita (A. D. 609 ?). Ibid. LXXXIX. Anatal. — Anatalius (A. D. 279). Ibid. X Anc. — ' Concilium Ancyranum (A. D. 314). • Coleti, I. Andr, C. — Andrea^s of Crete (A. D. 675). Patrologia Graeca, XCVII. — Methodus in- vestigandi Cycli Solaris, XIX. Andr. Caes. — Andreas of Caesarea (tenth century). Ibid. CVI. Anon. — Anonymus, De Kussorum ad Pidem Christianam Conversione. In the third vol- ume of Porphyrogenitus. Annn. Barb. — Anonymus, De Barbarismo et Soloecismo. In the same volume with Am- monius. Anon. Byz. — Anonymus, De Antiquitatibus Constantinopolitanis (A. D. 1110±). Pa- trologia Graeca, CXXII. Anon. Ideler. — Ananymi, in Ideler's Physici et Medici Graeci minores, I. Anon. Med. — Anonymus Medicus. Emerin's Anecdota Medica Graeca. Anon. Math. — Anonymus Mathematicus. In the same volume with Hultsch's Heron. Digitized by Microsoft® VIU AUTHOKS REFERRED TO. Anon. Valent. — Anonymtts Valentinianus. Patrologia Graeca, VII. Ant. — ConcUium Antiochenum (A. D. 341). Coleti, II. Aniec. — Theophilus Antecessor (A. D. 537). Reitz. 1751. Anthol. — Anihologia Graeca. Jacobs. Lip- siae. 1794-1814. Anthol. Palat. — Anthologia Palatina. Lipsiae. 1829. Antiatt. — Antiatticista. Bekker's Anecdota Graeca. Antip. B. — Aniipater of Berrhoea (A. D. 460). Patrologia Graeca, LXXXV. A ntiphil. — A ntiphilus. Anthologia Graeca, HI. Antip. S. — Aniipater of Sidon (B. C. 103). Ibid. n. Antip. Thess. — Antipater of Thessalonica {Pf.. D. 38). Ibid. II. Ant. Mon. — Antiochus Monachus (A. D. 614). Patrologia Graeca, LXXXIX. Anton. — Marcus Aurelius Antoninus (A. D. 180). Dtibner. Parisiis. 1840. Aphthon. — Aphthonius, rhetor (A. D. 310±). Rhetores Graeci, I. Apoc. — Apocalypsis. Tischendorf. Apoc. Mfis. — Apocalypsis Mosis. Tischen- dorf. Lipsiae. 1866. Apoc. Paul. — Apocalypsis Pauli. Tischen- dorf. Lipsiae. 1866. Apocr. — Apocrypha Euangelia et Acta Apo- stolorum. Tischendorf Lipsiae. 1851. 1853. Apollin. H. — Apollinaris of Hierapolis (A. D. 160±). Patrologia Graeca, V. Apollin. L. — Apollinaris of Laodicea (A. D. 382). Ibid. XXXm. ApoUod. — Apollndorus (B. C. 128). Bekker. Lipsiae. 1854. Apollod. Arch. — Apollodorus, architectus (A. D. 120±). Thevenot's Veteres Mathematici. Parisiis. 1693. Apollon. D. — Apollonius Dyscolus (A. D. 160±). De Pronomine. Museum Antigui- tatis. Berolini. 1808. — De Conjunctione. De Adverbio. Bekker's Anecdota Graeca. — De Syntaxi. Bekker. Berolini. 1817. — Historia Mirabilium. Ideler, I. Quoted by pages. Apollon. Eph. — Apollonius of Ephesus (A. D. 212). Patrologia Graeca, V. Apollon. S. — Apollonius Sophista (A. D. 1±). Bekker. Berolinij 1833. Apophth. — Apophthegmata Patrum (A. D. 500±). Patrologia Graeca, LXV. App. — Appianus (A. D. 161). Schweighaeu- ser. Lipsiae. 1 785. Apsin. — Apsines (A. D. 310±). Rhetores Graeci, IX. AquU.. — Aquila (second century). Patrologia Graeca, XV. Arcad.~Arcadius (A. D. 180±). Barker. Lipsiae. 1820. ^ , . Archel. — Archelaus (A. D. 278). Patrologia Aret. — Aretaeus (A. D. 180± ?). Boerhaave. Lugduni Batavorum. 1735. Areth. — Arethas of Caesarea in Gappadocia (A. D. 910). Patrologia Graeca, CVL Aristaen. — Aristaenetus (fourth century??). Boissonade. Lutetiae. 1822. Aristeas. Hody. Oxonii. 1705. Aristid. — Aelius Aristides (A. D. 189). Guil. Dindorf. Lipsiae. 1829. Aristid. Q. — Aristides Quintiliamis (second century??). De Musioa. Meibomius. Am- stelodami. 1652. — Ars Rhetorica. Rhetores Graeci, IX. Arr. — Arrianus (A. D. 160±). Anabasis. Kruger. Berolini. 1835 - 1848. — De Ve- natione. At the end of Schneider's Xeno- phon, vol. VI. Lipsiae. 1815. — Periplus Ponti Euxini. Hoffmann. Lipsiae. 1842. By pages. — Indica. Didot. Parisiis. 1855.^ — Periplus Maris Erythraei (spurious). Didot. Parisiis. 1855. — Tactica (spurious). Kochly. Lipsiae. 1855. Arsen. CP. — Arsenius of Constantinople. Pa^ trologia Graeca, CXL. Artem. — Artemidorus (A. D. 180±). Reiff. Lipsiae. 1805. By pages. Asclep. — Asclepiodorus. Tactica. Kochly. Lipsiae. 1855. Aster. — Asterius of Amasea (A. D. 430). Patrologia Graeca, XL. Aster. Urb. — Asterius Urbanus (A. D. 210±). Ibid. X. Athan. — Athanasius (A.D. 373). Ibid. XXV. Athan. Cor. — Athanasius of Corinth (tenth. century). Ibid. CVL Athen. — Athenaeus (A. D. 228). Schweig- haeuser. 1801-1807. Alhenag. — Athenagoras (A. D. 180±). Pa- trologia Graeca, VI. Athen. Mech. — Athenaeus, mechanicus (B. C. 200±). Thevenot's Veteres Mathematici. Attal. — Michael Attaliates or Attalidtes (A. D. 1073). Bonnae. 1853. Babr. — Babrius (A. D. 1± ?). Meineke. Berolini. 1845. Bacch. — Bacchius, senior (A. D. 300± ?). Meibomius. Amstelodami. 1652. Balsam. — Theodorus Balsamon (A. D. 1204). Beveregius's Pandectae. Oxonii. 1672. — Epistola de Jejuniis. Epistola de Rasophoris. Cotelerius, II, 492. 111,473. Barn. — Barnabas. Patrologia Graeca, 11. Barsan. — Barsanuphius (A. D. 550) Ibid LXXXVI, 1. Barthol. — Bartholomaeus (A. D. 1300±) Ibid. CIV. Digitized by Microsoft® AUTHOES EEFERRED TO. IX BasU. — Basiliiis of Caesarea (A. D. 379). Ibid. XXIX. Basilic. — Basilicae. Heimbach. Lipsiae. 1833-1850. Basilid. — Basilides (A. D. 134±). Patrologia Grieca, VII. Basil. Porph. — Basilius Porphyrogenitus (A. D. 1025). Lingentbal's Jus Graecoromanum. Basil. Sel. — Basilius of Seleitcia (A. D. 458). Patrologia Graeca, LXXXV. Bekker. — Bekker's Anecdota Graeca, Berolini. 1814. Biton. Thevenot's Veteres Mathematici. Blastar. — Matthaeus Blastaris (A. B. 1335). Beveregius's Pandectae, n. Oxonii. 1672. Boiss. — Boissonade's Anecdota Graeca. Parisiis. 1829-1833. Bryenn. — Nicephorus Bryennius (A.D. 1137). Bonnae. 1836. Also, Patrologia Graeca, GXXVn. Caesar. — Concilium Caesariense in Palaeslina (A. D. 335). Coleti, II. Caesarius (A. D. 380±). Patrologia Graeca, XXXVIII. Caius of Rome (A. D. 210). Ibid. X. Callist. — Nicephorus Callisius (A. D. 1327). Ibid. CXLV. Callistr. — Callistraius. In the same volume with Philostratus. Canan. — Joannes Cananus (A. D. 1422). Bonnae. 1838. Can. Apost. — Canones Aposlolorum. Coleti, I. Cant. — Joannes Cantacuzenus (A. D. 1375). Bonnae. 1828 - 1832. Carth. — Concilium Carthaginiense (A. D. 403). Coleti, II. Cass. — Cassius, iatrosophista. Ideler, I. Cassian. — Cassianus (A. D. 440±). Patrologia Latina, XLIX. Cedr, — Georgius Cedrenus (A. D. 1057). Bonnae. 1838, 1839. Cels. Med. — Celsus, medicus (A. D. 30±). Daremberg. Lipsiae. 1859. Cerul. — Michael Cerularius (A. D. 1059). Pati'ologia Graeca, CXX. Chal. — Concilium Chalcedonense (the Fourth Oecumenical Council, A. D. 451 ). Coleti, IV. Chalcocond. — Laonicus Chalcocnndyles (A. D. 1463). Bonnae. 1843. Charis. — Charisius (A. D. 400±). Keil, vol. I. Lipsiae. 1857. Choerobosc. — Georgius Choeroboscus (A. D. 800±). Cramer's Anecdota Graeca, II, 1. Oxonii. Chron. — Chronicon Paschale. Bonnae. 1832. Chrys. — Joannes Chrysostomus (A. D. 407). Parisiis. 1839. Quoted by the pages of the Benedictine edition. Cinn. — Joannes Cinnamus (A. D. 1118). Bonnae. 1836. Clem. A. — Clemens of Alexandria (A. D. 217). Patrologia Graeca, VUL Clemeniin. — Clementina (A. D. 200±). Ibid. II. Clem. R. — Clemens of Rome (A. D. 100±). Ibid. I. Cleomed. — Cleomedes (A. D. 1± ?). Schmidt. Lipsiae. 1832. By pages. dim. — Joannes, the author of the Climax (A.D. 600±). Patrologia Graeca, LXXXVIII. Clinag. — Clinagoras (A. D. 1±). Anthologia Graeca, II. Codin. — Georgius Codinus (A. D. 1400±). Bonnae. 1843. Comn. — Anna Comnena (A. D. 1137). Books I -IX. Bonnae. 1839. Books X-XV. Parisiis. Conon (B. C. 40±). Westermann's Mytho- graphi. Brusvigae. 1843. Conquest of Romania and of the Morea. Buchon. Paris. 1845, Const. Apost. — Constitutiones Apostolorum. Patrologia Graeca, I. Const. I. — Concilium ConstanUnopolitanum I., called also the Second Oecumenical Council (A. D. 381). Coleti, II. Const, n. — Concilium Constaniinctpolitanum II., called also the Fifth Oecumenical Council (A. D. 553). Coleti, VI. Const, ni. — Concilium Constantinopolitanum HI., called also the Sixth Oecumenical Council, OTthe Trullan Council(A. D. 680). Coleti, VII. Const. IV. — Concilium Constantinopolitanum IV., called also the Eighth Oecumenical Coun- cil (A. D. 869). Coleti, X. Const. (536) — Concilium Constantinopolitanum (A. D. 536), called also C. CPolitanum sub Mena. Coleti, V. Const. Due. — Constantinus Ducas (A.D. 1067). Lingentbal's Jus Graecoromanum. Cornut. — Lucius Annaeus Cornutus (A. D. 70±). Osannus. Gottingae. 1844. By Cosm. — Cosmos of Jerusalem (A. D. 742). Patrologia Graeca, XCVII. — Ad carmina Gregorii, XXXVIH. Cosm. Ind. — Cosmas Indicopleustes (A. D. 550±). Ibid. LXXXVIIL Cosm. Vest. — Cosmas Vestitor (tenth century). Ibid. CVI. Coteler. — Cotelerius's Ecclesiae Graecae Monu- menta. Lutetiae Parisiorum. 1677-1692. Cramer. — Cramer's Anecdota Graeca. Oxonii. 1835 - 1837. — Anecdota Parisiana. 1841. Curop. — CuropakUes (A. D. 1400±). BonnaQ. 1839. Curt. — Curtius's Anecdota Delphica. BeroUni. 1843. Cyprian. — Cyprianus (A. D. 258). Patrologia Latina, IV. Digitized by Microsoft® AUTHORS REFEREED TO. CyrUl. A. — Cyrillm of Alexandria (A. D. 444). Patrologia Graeca, LXVIII. CyriLl. H. — Cyrillus of Jerusalem (A. D. 386). Ibid. XXXIII. Cyrill. Scytk. — Cyrillus of ScythopoUs (A. D. 557). Vita Sabae. Cotelerius, III. Damage. — Joannes of Damascus (A. D. 750). Patrologia Graeca, XCIV. Damascius (A. D. 533). Kopp. Franco&rti ad Moenum. 1826. Demetr. — Demetrius Phalereus (paeudonymus). Ehetores Graeci, IX. Dexipp. — Dexippus (A. D. 269). Bonnae. 1829. Did. A. — Didymus of Alexandria (A. D. 392). Patrologia Graeca, XXXIX. Didym. — Didymus, grammaticus. Mensura Marmorum ac Lignorum (supposititious). In the same volume with Hultscb's Heron. Dind. — Guil. Dindorf's Grammatici Graeci. Lipsiae. 1823. Dioclel. — Diocletiani Ediclum (A. D. 301). Fragments found in Geronthrae and Cary- stus. Mommsen. Lipsiae. 1851. Died. — Diodorus (B. C. 43). Lud. Dindorf Lipsiae. 1828. Diog. — Diogenes Laertius (A. D. 220±). Huebnerus. Lipsiae. 1828-1833. Diognet. — Epistola ad Diognetum. Patrologia Graeca, 11. Diomed. — Diomedes (A. D. 400-)-). Keil's Grammatici Latini, I. Lipsiae. 18B7. Dion. — Dionysius Areopagites (pseudonymus). Apparently an imitator of Proelus (close of the fifth century). Patrologia Graeca, III. Dion. Alex. — Dionysius of Alexandria (A. D. 265). Ibid. X. Dion C. — Dion Cassius (A. D. 222). Bekker. Lipsiae. 1849. Dion Chrys. — Dion Chrysostomus (A. D. 99). Reiske. Lipsiae. 1798. Dion. H. — Dionysius of Halicarnassus (B. C. 7). Reiske. Lipsiae. 1 7 74 - 1 7 7 7. Dion. P. — Dionysius Periegetes (B. C. 6±). Bernhardy. Lipsiae. 1828. Dion. Thr. — Dionysius of Thrace (B. C. 107). Bekker's Anecdota Graeca. Diopli. — Diophantus. Fermat. Tolosae. 1670. Diosc. — Dioscorides (A. D. 60±). Kuhn. Lipsiae. 1829. Saracen. 1598. Doctr. Orient. — Doctrina Orientolis. Patrologia Graeca, IX. Doroth. -— Dorotheus (A. D. 600±). Ibid. Lxxxvni. Drac. — Draco (A. D. 140±). Hermann. Lipsiae. 1812. Due. — Michael Ditcas Nepos (A. D. 1462). Bonnae 1834. Enoch (a forgery). Fabricius Codex Pseudepi- graphus Veteris Testament!. Hamburgi. 1722. | Ephes. — Concilium Ephesinum, called also the Third Oecumenical Council (A. D- 431). Coleti, m. Ephr. — Ephraem of Syria (A. D. 379). Trans- lated from the Syriac. Komae. 1732. Ephr. Ant. — Ephraem of Antioch (A. D. 546). Patrologia Graeca, LXXXVI, 2. Ephr. Chers. — Ephraem of Cherson (A. D. ?). Ibid. II. Epict. — Epictetus (A. D. 118). Schweighaeu- ser. Lipsiae. 1799. Epiph. — Epiphanius (A. D. 402). Patrologia Graeca, XLI. Epiph. CP. — Epiphanius of Constantinople (A. D. 535). Ibid. LXXXVI, 1. Epiph. Mon. — Epiphanius Monachus (A. D. 1015). Ibid. CXX. Erotian. — Erotianus (A. D. 68). Franz. Lipsiae. 1 780. Esai. — Esaias (A. D. 372). Patrologia Graeca, XL. Et. Gud. — Etymologicum Gudianum. Sturzius. Lipsiae. 1818. Et.M. — Etymologicum Magnum (A. D. 970±). Gaisford. Oxonii. 1848. Euagr. — Eucgrius Scholasticus (A. D. 593). Patrologia Graeca, LXXXVI, 3. Euagr. Scit. — Euagrius ofScitis (A. D. 400±). Ibid. XL. Euchait. — Joannes of Euchaita (A. D. 1050). Ibid. CXX. Euchol. — Euchologion, the Greek prayer- book. Eudoc. M. — Eudocia Macrembolitissa (A. D. 1071-)-). Villoison's Anecdota Graeca. Eugen. Diac. — Eugenius Diaconus. Patrolo- gia Graeca, XVIII. Eulog. — Eulogius of Alexandria (A. D. 608). Ibid. LXXXVI, 3. Eumath. — Eumathius. Didot's Erotici Scrip- tores. Parisiis. 1855. Eunap. — Eunapius (A. D. 413). Historia. Bonnae 1829. — Vitae Sophistarum. Wyt- tembach. Amstelodami. 1822. Eunom. — Eunomius (A. D. 394). Patrologia Graeca, XXX Eus. — Eusebius of Caesarea (A. D. 340). Ibid. XIX. Eus. Alex. — Eusebius of Alexandria (A. D. 540 ?). Ibid. LXXXVI, 1. Eus. Emes. — Eusebius of Emesa (A. D. 540') Ibid. LXXXVI, 1. Eust. — EustathiusotThessalonica, (A.D. 1200). Commentary. Romae. 1540-1550. — De Thessalonica capta. Bonnae. 1842. — Opus- cula. Tafel. Francofurti ad Moenum. 1832. Eust. Ant. — Eustathius of Antioch (A. D. 340±). Patrologia Graeca, XVIII. Eust. Mon. — Eustathius Monachus (A D 560?). Ibid. LXXXyi, 1. Digitized by Microsoft® AUTHORS REFERKED TO. XI Eustrat. — Eustratius (A. D. 600±). Ibid. LXXXVI, 2. Euthal. — Euthalius (A. D. 460±). Ibid. LXXXV. Eutych. — Eutychius (A. D. 582). Ibid. LXXXVI, 2. Florent. — Concilium Florentinum (A. D. 1439). Coleti, XVIII. Franz. — Franz's Elementa Epigraphices Grae- cae. Berolini. 1840. Galen. — Galenus (A. D. 200). Charterius. Lutetiae. 1679. Gangr. — Concilium Gangrense (A. D. 326±). Coleti, n. ■Gelas. — Gelasius (A. D. 475). Patrologia Graeca, LXXXV. Gell. — Aulus Gellius (A. D. 138). Hertz. Lipsiae. 1853. Gemin. — Geminius (B. C. 80±). Patrologia Graeca, XIX. Genes. — Genesius (A. D. 950±). Bonnae. 1834. By pages. Gennad. — Gennadius (A. D. 471). Patrolo- gia Graeca, LXXXV. Geopon. — Geoponica (A. D. 800±). Niclas. Lipsiae. 1781. Georg. Hamart. — Georgius Hamartolus (A. D. 914). Patrologia Graeca, CX. Germ. — Germanus of Constantinople (A. D. 740). Ibid. XCVin. Gloss. — Glossaria. At the end of Stephanus's Thesaurus. London. Glyc. — Michael Glycas (A. D. 1118). Bonnae. 1836. Greg. Ant. — Gregorius of Antioch (A. D. 593). Patrologia Graeca, LXXXVIIL Greg. Cor. — Gregorius of Corinth (A. D. 1 200 ?). Schaefer. Lipsiae. 1811. Greg. Dec. — Gregorius Decapolita (A. D. 817). Patrologia Graeca, C. Gregent. — Gregentius (A. D. 540). Ibid. LXXXVI, 1. Greg. Naz. — Gregorius of Nazianzus (A. D. 390). Ibid. XXXV. Greg. Nyss. — Gregorius of Nyssa (A. D. 394). Ibid. XLIV. Greg. Th. — Gregorius Thaumaturgus (A. D. 270). Ibid. X. Gruter's Corpus Inscriptionum. 1707. Hadrn. — Hadrianus, sophista (A. D. 176±). Khetores Graeci, I. Harmen. — Harmenopulus, more correctly Ar- menopulus (A. D. 1350). Heimbach. Lip- siae. 1851. Harpocr. — Harpocration (A. D. 350±). Guil. Dindorf. Oxonii. 1853. Heges. — Hegesippus (A. D. 152). Patrologia Graeca. V. Heliod. — Heliodorus (A. D. 400-(-) . Hirschig's Erotici Scriptores. Parisiis. 1856. b Heph. — Hephaestion (A. D. 160). Gaisford. Oxonii. 1855. Heracleon (A. D. 150±). Patrologia Graeca, vn. Heraclid. — Heraclides (pseudonymus). AUe- goriae Homericae. Gale. Amstelodami. 1688. By pages. Herm. — Hermas or Pastor. Patrologia Grae- ca, II. Hilgenfeld. Lipsiae. 1866. Hermes Tr. — Hermes Trismegistus (pseudo- nymus). latromathematica. Ideler, I. — Poemander. Parthey. Berolini. 1854. Hermias, philosophus (A. D. 150 ?). Patrolo- gia Graeca, VI. Hermog. — Hermogenes (A. D. 173). Progy- mnasmata. Bhetorice. Rhetores Graeci, I. IIL Herodn. — Herodianus, historicus (A. D. 238). Irmisch. Lipsiae. 1789-1805. Herodn. Gr. — Herodianus, grammaticus (A. D. 173). Enclinomena. Bekker's Anecdota Graeca, p. 1142. — De Schematibus. Rhe- tores Graeci, VIII. — Hep), fiovrjpovs Xe^eas. Dindorf's Grammatici Graeci. — Ilepi rjjxap- Trjixivav Xe^eav. Hermann's De Emendanda, etc. Lipsiae. 1801. — Philetaerus. At the end of Moeris. — De Acyrologia. Boisso- nade's Anecdota Graeca, III. — De Versibus. Villoison's Anecdota Graeca, II (2), p. 86. Heron (B. C. 217). Thevenot's Veteres Ma- thematici. Heron Jun. — Heron, junior (A. D. 700 ?). Hultsch. Berolini. 1864. Hes. — Hesychius. Schmidt. Jena. 1852-1862. Hes. Hier. — Hesychius of Jerusalem (A. D. 660±). Patrologia Graeca, XCIIL Hierocl. — Hierocles (A. D. 431). Gaisford's Stobaeus, II. Hieron. — Hieronymus (A. D. 420). Patrolo- gia Latina, XXH. Hieron. Gr. — Hieronymus, Graecus (A. D. 490±). Patrologia Graeca, XL. Hierosol. — Concilium Hierosolymitanum (A. D. 536). Coleti, V. Himer. — Himerius (A. D. 386). Diibner. Parisiis. 1849. Hipp. — Hippocrates. Epistola ad Regem Ptolemaeum (spurious). Emmerin's Anec- dota Medica Graeca. Hipparch. — Hipparchus (B. C. 127). Patro- logia Graeca, XIX. Hippol — Hippolytus ,{A.. D. 222). Patrolo- gia Graeca, X. — Refut. Haeresium. Duncker. Gottingae. ' 1859. Horol. — Horologion. Jacob. — Jacobus. Epistola. Tischendorf — Euangelium (spurious). Tischendorf's Euangelia Apocrypha. — Liturgia (spurious). Fabricius's Codex Apocryphus N. T. Ham- burg!. 1719. Digitized by Microsoft® Xll AUTHORS REFEREED TO. Iambi. — lamblichus (A. D. 329). De Myste- riis. Parthey. Berolini. 1857. — Vita Py- thagorae. Adhortatio. Kiessling. Lipsiae. 1816. 1813. — De Mathematica. Villoi- son's Anecdota Graeca, II. Quoted by pages. Ideler's Physici et Medici Graeci minores. Jejun. — Joannes Jejunator (A. D. 593). Par tr.ologia Graeca, LXXXVIII. Ignat. — Ignatius (A. D. 115). Ibid. V. Illyr. — Concilium Illyricum (A. D. 365). CoUeti, JI. Inscr. — Corpus Inscriptionum Graecarum. Boeckh, etc. Joann. — Joannes. Euangelium. Epistolae. Tischendorf. Joann. Ant. — Joannes of Antioch (A. D. 448). Patrologia Graeca, LXXVII. Joann. Euh. — Joannes ofEuboea. Ibid. XC VI. Joann. Geotn. — Joannes Geometra (tenth cen- tury). Ibid. CVI. Joann. Hier. — Joannes of Jerusalem (A. D. 950 ?). Ibid. XCIV. Joann. Mon. — Joannes Monachus (A. D. 540 ?). Ibid. LXXXVI, 1. Joann. Mosch. — Joannes Moschus (A. D. 610±). Ibid. LXXXVII. Joann. Nic. — Joannes of Nicaea. Ibid. XCVI. Joann. Presh. — .Joannes Presbyter {A.T). 1013) Ibid. CXX. Joann. Sic. — Joannes of Sicily (A. D. 866). Ehetores Graeci, VI. Jos. — /ose/)A«s (A. D. 93). Havercamp. 1726. Jos. Chr. — Josephus, Christianus (A. D. 800). Patrologia Graeca, CVI. Jos. Hymnog. — Joseph Hymnographus (A. D. 893). Ibid. CV. Iren. — Irenaeus (A. D. 183). Ibid. VII. Irene, imperatrix (A. D. 802). Lingenthal's Jus Graecoromanum. Isaac Arg. — Isaac Argyrus (A. D. 1372). Patrologia Graeca, XIX. Is. Comn. — Isaac Comnenus (A. D. 1057- 1059). Lingenthal's Jus Graecoromanum. Md. — Isidorus of Pelusium (A. D. 435±). Patrologia Graeca, LXXVII. Isid. Gn. — Isidorus Gnosticus (A. D. 140±). Ibid. VII. Isid. Hispal. — Isidorus Hispalensis (A. D. 636). Origiries. Lindemann. Lipsiae. 1833. Jud. — Judas. Epistola. Tischendorf. Jul. — Julianus, imperator (A. D. 363). Span- heim. Lipsiae. 1696. Jul. Aeg. — Julianus of Egypt (A, D. 550±). Anthologia Graeca, III. Just. — Justinus, martyr (A. D. 151). Patro- logia Graeca, VI. Just. Imper. — Justinus, imperator (A. D. 527). Lingenthal's Jus Graecoromanum. Justinian. — Justinianus, imperator (A. D. 565). Leeuwen. Amstelodami. 1663. — Contra Monophysitas. Chrysobullum. Patrologia Graeca, LXXXVI, 1. Laod. — Concilium Laodicenum (A. D. 347). Coleti, I. Lateran. — Concilium Laieranense (A. D. 649). Coleti, Vn. Leo. — Leo Sapiens or Philosophus (A. D. 911). Tactica. Patrologia Graeca, CVII. — No- vellae. Lingenthal's Jus Graecoromanum. Leo Achr. — Leo of Achris (A. D. 1056). Pa- trologia Graeca, CXX. Leo Diac. — Leo Diaconus (A. D. 987). Bon- nae. 1828. Leo et Const. — Leo et Constantinus (A. D. 776- 780). Lingenthal's Jus Graecoromanum. Leo Gram. — Leo Grammaticus (A. D. 1013). Bonnae. 1842. Leo Isaur. — Leo Isaurus (A. D. 741). Lin- genthal's Jus Graecoromaniun. Leo Med. — Leo Medicus. Emmerin's Anec- dota Medica Graeca. Lugduni Batavorum, 1840. By pages. Leonid. Alex. — Leonidas of Alexandria. An- thologia Graeca, II. Leont. — Leontius of Byzantium (A. D. 610). Patrologia Graeca, LXXXVI, 1. Leont. Cypr. — Leontius of Cyprus (A. D. 620)> Ibid. XCm. Leont. Mon. — Leontius Monachus (A. D. 700±). Ibid, xcvin. Leo Patric. — Leo Patricius (A. D. 910). Ibid. CVI. Lesbon. — Lesbonax, grammaticus (A. D. 1± ?)■ In the same volume with Ammonius. Lex. Spir. — Lexicon de Spiritibus. In thft same volume vrith Ammonius. Liban. — Libanius (A. D. 391). Reiske. Al- tenburgi. 1791. Liber. — Antonintis Liberalis. Koch. Lipsiae.. 1832. By pages. Longin. — Longinus (A. D. 273). Weiske. Lipsiae. 1809. — De Inventione. Ehetores Graeci, IX. Longus. Hirschig's Erotici Scriptores. Parisiis. 1856. Luc. — Lucas. Euangelium. Acta. TischendorC Lucian. — Luciamis (A. D. 180-|-). Lahmann. Lipsiae. 1822. Quoted by the pages of Eeitz's edition. Lucill. — Lueillius. Anthologia Graeca, III. Luitprand. — Luitprandus (A. D. 969). In the same volume with Leo Diaconus. Lyd.— Joannes of Lydia (A. D. 527). Bonnae. 1837. Macav. —Macarius (A. D. 390±). Patrologia Graeca, XXXIV. Mai. —Joannes Malalas (A. D. 690 ?) Bonnae 1831. Match. — Malchus (A. D. 490±). Bonnae. 1829. Digitized by Microsoft® AUTHORS REFERRED TO. Xlli Malchio (A. D. 284±). Patrologia Graeca, X. Manich. — Manichaeus (A. D. 272). Ibid. X. Marc. — Marcvs. Euangelium. Tischendorf. — Liturgia (spurious). Fabricius's Codex Apocryphus N. T. Marc. Diad. — Marcus Diadochus (A. D. 395±). Patrologia Graeca, LXV. Marc. Erem. — Marcus Eremita (A. D. 395±). Ibid. LXV. Marcian. — Marcianus of Heraclea (A. D. 160±). Hoffmann. Lipsiae. 1841. Mar. Victor. — Marius Victorinus (A. D. 350±). PutcMus. Hanoviae. 1 605. Martyr. Arelh. — Martyrium Arethae. Bois- sonade's Anecdota Graeca, V. Martyr. Hippol. — Martyrium Hippolyti. Pa- trologia Graeca, X. Martyr. Ignat. — Martyrium Ignatii. Dressel. Lipsiae. 1857. Martyr. Just. — Martyrium Justini. Patrologia Graeca, VI. Martyr. Polyc. — Martyrium Poly carpi. Ibid. V. Martyr. Path. — Martyrium Polhini. Ibid. V. Matt. — Matthaeus. Euangelium. Tischendorf. . Mauric. — Mauricius (A. D. 607). As quoted by Ducange. — Novellae. Lingenthal's Jus Graecoromanum. Max. Conf. — Maximus Confessor (A. D. 662). Patrologia Graeca, XC. — Scholia in Librum de Divinis Nominibus, IV. — Computus Ec- clesiasticus, XIX. Max. Hier. — Maximus of Jerusalem ( A. D. 1 9 0) . Ibid. V. Max. Tyr. — Maximus Tyrius (A. D. 148). Dubner. Parisiis. 1840. By pages. Mel. — Meleager (B. C. 95). Anthologia Graeca, I. Melamp. — Melampus. Franz's Scriptores Physiognomici Veteres. Altenburgi. 1780. Melito (A. D. 184). Patrologia Graeca, V. Memn. — Memnon of Ephesus (A. D. 444). Ibid. LXXVH. Menaeon. Men. P. — Menander Protector (A. D. 583). Bonnae. 1829. Men. Rhet. — Menander, rhetor (A. D. 310±). Rhetores Graeci, IX. Method. — Methodius of Patara (A. D. 312). Patrologia Graeca, XVIII. Method. CP. or Conf. — Methodius Confessor of Constantinople (A. D. 847). Patrologia Graeca, C. — Martyrium Dionysii Areopa- gitae (mythical), IV. Mich. Due. ^— Michael Ducas (A. D. 1075). Lingenthal's Jus Graecoromanum. Mich. Mon. — Michaelus Monachus. Patrolo- gia Graeca, XCIX. Minuc. — Minucianus. Rhetores Graeci, IX. Modest. — Modestus of Jerusalem (A. D. 614). Patrologia Graeca, LXXXVI, 3. Moer. — Moeris. Koch. Lipsiae. 1830. Moschn Moschion (A. D. 60± ?). Dewez. Viennae. 1 793. Muson. — Musonius (A. D. 80). Peerlkamp. Harlemi. 1822. By pages. Nectar. — Nectarius of Constantinople (A. D. 390±). Patrologia Graeca, XXXIX. Nemes. — Nemesius (A. D. 429). Ibid. XL. Neocaes. — Concilium Neocaesariense (A. D. 314). Coleti, I. Neophyt. — Neophytus (A. D. 1190). De Ca- lamitatibus Cypri. Cotelerius, II. Nic. I. — Concilium Nicaenum, called also the First Oecumenical Council (A. D. 325). Co- leti, n. Nic. II. — Concilium Nicaenum II, called also the Seventh Oecumenical Council (A. D. 789). Coleti, VIII. Nicarch. — Nicarchus (A. D. 100±). Antho- logia Graeca, III. Nic. Botan. — Nicephorus Botaniates (A. D. 1081). Lingenthal's Jus Graecoromanum. Nic. CP. — Nicephorus of Constantinople (A. D. 828). Patrologia Graeca, C. — Historia. Bonnae. 1837. Nicet. — Nicetas of Chonae (A. D. 1216). Bonnae. 1835. Nicet. Byz. — Nicetas of Byzantium (A. D. 891). Patrologia Graeca, CV. Nicet. Paphl. — Nicetas of Paphlagonia (A. D. 890). Ibid. CV. Nicet. Pect. — Nicetas Pectoratus (A. D. 1058). Ibid. CXX. Nic. Greg. — Nicephorus Gregoras (A. D. 1359), Bonnae. 1829-1855. Nicodem. — Nicodemus (pseudonymus). Euan- gelium. Tischendorf. Nicol. D. — Nicolaus of Damascus (B. C. 16). Orellius. Lipsiae. 1804. Nicom. — Nicomachus (A. D. 49 ?). Ast Lipsiae. 1847. Hoche. Lipsiae. 1866. — Harmonice. Meibomius. Amstelodami. 1662. Nicon of Rhaitho (A. D. 1091). Patrologia Graeca, CXXVIL Nic. Philos. — Nicephorus Philosophus (A. D. 901). Ibid. CVL * Nil. — Nilus (A. D. 430). Ibid. LXXIX. Nom. Coteler. — Nomocanon Cotelertanus. Cotelerius, I. Nonn. — Nonnus (A. D. 560 ?). Metaphrasis EuangeUi Joannis. Patrologia Graeca, XLIII. — Dionysiaca. Didot. Parisiis. 1856. Cecum. — Oecumenius (A. D. 995). Patrologia Graeca, CXVIIL Olymp. — Olympiodorus (A. D. 450 ?). Bon- nae. 1829. Olymp. A. — Olympiodorus of Alexandria (A. D. 650). Patrologia Graeca, XCIH. Onos. — Onosander (A. D. 45 ?). Koeohly. Lipsiae. 1860. Digitized by Microsoft® XIV AUTHOKS EEFERRED TO. 0pp. — Oppianus (A. D. 211). Koechly. Pa- risiis. 1851. Orib. — Oribasius (A. D. 363±). Russemaker et Daremberg. Parisiis. 1851 - 1858. Orig. — Origems (A. D. 253). Patrologia Graeca, XI. OrpTi. — Orphica. Hermann. Lipsiae. 1805. Pach. — Georgius Pachymeres (A. D. 1310). Bonnae. 1835. Pachom. — Pachomius (A. D. 348). Appar- ently a barbarous translation from the Copt- ic. Patrologia Graeca, XL. Palaeph. — Palaephatus. Westermann's My- thographi. Brunsvigae. 1843. Pallad. — Palladius (A. D. 420). Historia Lausaica. Patrologia Graeca, XXXIV. — Vita Saneti Joannis Chrysostomi. In the thirteenth volume of Chrysostom. Pallad. Med. — Palladius, medicus. Ideler, I. Palladas (A. D. 400±). Anthologia Graeca, III. Pamphil. — PampMlus (A. D. 307). Patrologia Graeca, X. Papias of Hierapolis (A. D. 116). Ibid. V. Papp. — Pappus of Alexandria (A. D. 400-). In the same volume with Apollonii Pergaei de Seetione, etc. Halley. Oxonii. 1706. Paraclet. — Paracletice. Parad. — Paradisus. Patrologia Graeca, LX V. Parth. — Parthenius (B. C. 63). Didot's Ero- tici Soriptores. Parisiis. 1855. Patriarch. — Testamenta Duodecim Patriarcha- rum. Patrologia Graeca, II. Patric. — Petrus Patricius (A. D. 562). Bon- nae. 1829. By pages. Patrologia Graeca. Migne. Parisiis. Patrologia Latina. Migne. Parisiis. Paul. — Paulus. Epistolae. Tischendorf Paul. Aeg. — Paulus Aeginita (A. D. 650±). Briau. Parisiis. 1855. By pages. Paul. Ernes. — Paulus of Emesa (A. D. 432). Patrologia Graeca, LXXVII. Paul. Sil. — Paulus Sileniiarius (A. D. 550). Patrologia Graeca, LXXXVI, 2. — Epi- grammata. Anthologia Graeca, IV. Paus. — Pausanias (A. D. 170). Sehubart etWalz. Lipsiae. •1838. Pentecost. — Pentecostarion. Petr. — Petrus. Epistolae. Tischendorf! — Liturgia (spurious). Fabricius Codex Apocr. N". T. Hamburgi. 1719. Petr. Alex. — Petrus of Alexandria (A. D. 304). Patrologia Graeca, XVin. Petr. II. A. — Petrus II. of Alexandria (A. D. 378). Ibid. XXXni. Petr. Ant — Petrus of Antioch (A. D. 1053). Ibid. CXX Petr. Sic. — Petrus of Sicily (A. D. 890). Ibid. CIV. Phavor. — Phavorinus. Eelogae. Guil. Din- dorf 's Grammatici Graeci. PAileas (A. D. 300). . Patrologia Graeca, X. Philipp. — Philippus, epigrammatarius. An- thologia Graeca, II. Philipp Sol. — Philippus SolitOfius (A. D. 1100±). Patrologia Graeca, CXXVII. Philod. — Philodemus. Anthologia Graeca, II P/«7on (A. D. 40). Mangey. 1742. Philon B. — Philon of Byzantium (B. C. 150). Thevenot's Veteres Mathematici. Philon Carp. — Philon of Carpasia (A. D. 405 ±). Patrologia Graeca, XL. Philostr. — Philostratus (A, D. 240±). Olea- rius. Lipsiae. 1709. By pages. Philostrg. — Philostorgius (A. D. 425). Patro- logia Graeca, LXV. Phoc. — Nicephorus Phocas (A. D. 969). Bonnae. 1828. — Novellae. Lingenthal's Jus Graecoromanum. ■ Phoeb. — Phoebammon. Rhetores Graeci, VTII. Phot. — Phoiius (A. D. 891). Patrologia Grae- ca, CI. — Lexicon. Hermann. Lipsiae. 1808. Phran. — Georgius Phrantzes (A. D. 1477). Bonnae. 1838. By pages. Phryn. — Phrynichus (A. D. 180±). Lobeck. Lipsiae. 1820. — Praeparatio Sophistica. Bekker's Aneodota Graeca. Pisid. — Georgius of Pisidia (A. D. 639). Pa- trologia Graeca, XCII. Planud. — Maximus Planudes (A. D. 1327). De Morborum Materie. Ideler, II. Plotin. — Plotinus (A. D. 270). . Creuzer. Oxonii. 1835. Plut. — Plutarchus (A. D. 120). Quoted by the pages of the Paris edition (1624). — Fragmenta. De Vita Homeri (spurious). Wyttembach, vol. V. Polem. — Polemo (A. D. 200±). Franz's Soriptores Physiognomici. Altenburgi. 1780. Poll. — Pollux (A. D. 183). Bekker. Berolini. 1846. Polyaen. — Polyaenus (A. D. 180±). Woelffliu. Lipsiae. 1860. Polyb. — PolyUus (B. C. 129). Schweighaeu- ser. Lipsiae. 1789-1808. Pohjc. — Polycarpus (A. D. 166). Patrologia Graeca, V. Polycrat. — Polycrates (A. D. 196). Ibid. V. Porph. — Constantinus Porphyrogenitus (A. D. 959). Bonnae. 1829 - 1840. — Novellae. Lingenthal's Jus Graecoromanum. Porphyr. — Porphyrius (A. D. 305). De Ab- stinentia. Reiske. Trajecti ad Rhenum. 1767. — De Antro Nympharum. Hercher. Parisiis. 1858. — Vita Plotini. In the first volume of Plotinus. — Vita Pythagorae. Kiessling. Lipsiae. 1816. — Epistola ad Anebonem. In the same volume with lam- blichus De Mysteriis. — De Prosodia. Vil- loison's Anecdota Graeca, II. Pnsc. — Pmcus (A. D. 471). Bonnae. 1829. Digitized by Microsoft® AUTHORS REFERRED TO. XV Proc. — Procopius (A. D. 54'3). Bonnae. 1833-1838. Proc. Diac. — Procopius Diaconus (A. D. 815). Patrologia Graeca, C. Proc. Gaz. — Procopius of Gaza (A. D. 520). Ibid. LXXXV. Prod. — Proclus, philosophus (A. D. 485). In Platonis Timaeum. Scheider. Vratisla- viae. 1847. — In Platonis Parmenidem. Stallbaum. Lipsiae. 1848. — Hymni. An- thologia Graeca, HI. Protosp. — TheophUus Protospaiharius (A. D. 650±). De Corporis humani Fabrica. Greenhill. Oxonii. 1842. — De Pulsibus. Emmerin's Aneedota Medica. Lugduni Ba- tavorum. 1840. — De Urinis. Ideler, I. Psell. — Michael Psettus (A. D. 1050). Patro- logia Graeca, CXXU. — ndvij/Lta 'larpiKov. Lexicon latricon. Boissonade's Aneedota Graeca, I. Pseudo-Synod. — Pseudo-Synodus Photiana (A. D. 879). Coleti, XI. Pseudo - VT. — Codex PseudepigrapJius Veteris Testamenti. Fabricius. Hamburgi. 1722. 1723. Ptoch. — Theodorus PtocJioprodromus (A. D. 1150±). Coray's Atacta, vol. I. Parisiis. 1828. Ptol. — Claudius Ptolemaeus (A. D. 161). Geograpbia. Petrus Bertius Beverus. Lug- duni Batavorum. 1618. — Tetrabiblus. Ba^ siliae. 1653. — Inerrantium Stellarum Si- gnificationes. Patrologia Graeca, XIX. Ptol. Gn. — Ptolemaeus, Gnosticus (A. D- 160±). Ibid. VIL Quin. — Concilium Quinisextum (A. D. 692). Coleti, Vn. Quintil. — Quintilianus. Bonnell. Lipsiae. 1854. Rang. — Alexander Rizos Rangahes. Antiquites Hell^niques. Athenis. Rhetor. — Rhetores Graeci. Walz. Rhodon (A. D. 196). Patrologia Graeca, V. Roman. — Concilium Romanum (A. D. 873). Coleti, n. Roman. Imper. — Romanus, imperator (A. D. 963). Lingentbal's Jus Graecoromanum. Roman. Jun. — Romanus, junior (A. D. 963). Ibid. Roman, et Porph. — Romanus et Porphyroge- nitus (A. D. 947). Ibid. Ruf. — Rufus, rhetor. Btetores Graeci, III. Sal. — Salomon (pseudonymus). Fabricius's Codex Pseudepigraphus V. T. Sard. — Concilium Sardicense (A. D. 347). Coleti, n. Schol. — Scholiastae of ancient authors. Schol. H. — Scholia in Homeri Hiadem. Bek- ker. Berolini. 1825. Scyl. — Joannes Scylitzes (A. D. 1081). At the end of Cedrenus. Scymn. — Scymnus (B. C. 90). MUller. Pa- risiis. 1855. Secund. — Secundus, sophista (A. D. 170±). Gale's Opuscula Mythologica. Sept. — Septuaginta Interpreles. Tischendorf Scrap. — Serapion of Antioch (A. D. 190). Patrologia Graeca, V. Scrap. Aeg. — Serapion of Egypt (A. D. 350±). Ibid. XL. Sext. — Sextus (A. D. 205). Bekker. Berolini. 1842. Sibyll. — Oracula Sibyllina. Friedlieb. Lipsiae. 1852. Simoc. — Theophylactus Simocates (A. D. 628). Bonnae. 1834. Simplic. — Simplicius (A. D. 490±). Comentar. in Epict. Enchir. Schweighaeuser. Lipsiae. 1800. Socr. ■ — Socrates, scholasticus (A. D. 439). Patrologia Graeca, LXVII. Solom. — Testamentum Solomonis. Ibid. CXXII. Sophrns. — Sophronius (A. D. 638). Ibid. LXXXVH Soran. — Soranus. Ideler, I. Soil. — Sotion. Ibid. Steph. B. Stephanus of Byzantium (A. D. 400± ?) Meineke. Berolini. 1849. Steph. Diac. — Stephanus Diaconus (A. D. 808). Patrologia Graeca, C. Stob. — Stobaeus (A. D. 450± ?). Gaisford. Oxonii. 1850. Strab. — Strabo (A. D. 18). Kramer. Berolini. 1844. Strat. — Straton (A. D. 150±). Anthologia Graeca, III. Stud. — Theodorus Studiles (A. D. 827). Patrologia Graeca, XCIX. Suid. — Suidas (A. D. 974). Bernhardy. Halis. 1843 - 1853. Symm. — SymmOchus (second century). Pa- trologia Graeca, XV. Synax. — Synaxarion. Syncell. — Georgius Syncellus (A. D. 806). Bonnae. 1829. Synes. — Synesius (A. D. 430). Patrologia Graeca, LXVI. Taras. — Tarasius (A. D. 806). Ibid. XCVIIL Tatian. — Tatianus (A. D. 170±). Ibid. VI. Terent. M. — Terentianus Maurus. Gaisford. Oxonii. 1855. Tertull. — Tertullianus (A. D. 218). Patrologia Latina, I. Thalass. — Thalassius (A. D. 648). Patrologia Graeca, XCI. Themist.— Themiitius (A. D. 390). Guil. Din- dorf Lipsiae. 1832. Theod. — Theodoretus (A. D. 457). Patrologia Graeca, LXXX. Theod. Anc. — Theodotus Ancyranus (A. D, 440). Ibid. LXXVII. Digitized by Microsoft® XVI AUTHORS REFERRED TO. Theod. Her. — Theodotus of Heraclea (A. D. 355). Ibid. XVIII. ' Theod. Icon. — Theodorus of Iconium (A. D. 1004). Ibid. CXX. Theod. Lector. — Theodorus Lector (A. D. 525). Ibid. LXXXVI, 1. Theod. Mops. — Theodorus ofMopsuestia (A. D. 429). Ibid. LXVI. Theodos. — Theodosius, grammaticus (A. D. 350 ?) Bekker's Anecdota Graeca. Theodos. Diac. — Theodosius Diaconus (A. D. 963). Bonnae. 1828. Theod. Scyth. — Theodosius of Scythopolis (A. D. 553). Patrologia Graeca, LXXXVI, 1. Theodtn. — Theodotion (second century). Ibid. XV. — Daniel . Tischendorf. Theognost. — Theognostus (A. D. 810±). Cra- mer's Anecdota Graeca, II, 1. Theognost. Mon. — Theognostus Monachus (A. D. 890). Patrologia Graeca, CV. Theol. Arith. — Theologumena Arithmeticae. Ast. Lipsiae. 1847. By pages. Theon, rhetor (A. D. 525). Ehetores Graeci, I. Theoph. — Theophanes (A. D. 817). Bonnae. 1839. Theoph. B. — Theophanes of Byzantium (A. D. 571). In the same volume with Dexippus. Theoph. Cont. — Theophanes Continuatus. Bon- nae. 1838. Theophil. — Theophilus of Antioch (A. D. 181). Patrologia Graeca, Vl. Theophil. Alex. — Theophilus of Alexandria (A. D. 410±). Ibid. LXV. Theophil. C. — Theophilus of Caesarea (A. D. 190). Ibid. V. Theoph. Noun. — Theophanes Nonnus (A. D. 959). Bernard. Gothae. 1794. Theophyl. B. — Theophylactu, of Bulgaria (A. D. 1107?). Patrologia Graeca, CXXIII. Thorn. — Thomas. Euangelium, Tischendorf. Thorn. M.— Thomas Magister (A. D. 1310). Ritschl. 1832. Tiber. — Tiberius, imperator (A. D. 582). Lin- genthal's Jus Graecoromanum. Tim. Ael. — Timotheus Aelurus (A. D. 535). Patrologia Graeca, LXXXVI, 1. Tim. Alex. — Timotheus of Alexandria (A. D. 385). Ibid. XXXII. Tim. Ant. — Timotheus of Antioch. Ibid. LXXXVI, 1. Tim. Hier. — Timotheus of Jerusalem (A. D. 535). Ibid. LXXXVI, 1. Tim Presb. — Timotheus Presbyter of Constan- tinople (A. D. 535). Ibid. LXXXVI, 1. Til. B. — Titus ofBostra (A. D. 370±). Ibid. xvin. Triad. — Triodion. Xryph. — Tryphon, grammaticus (A. D. 1±). Museum Criticum, vol. I. Cantabrigiae. 1826 — De Tropis. Boissonade's Anecdota Graeca, III. Typic. — Typicum Irenae imperatricis (A. D. 1118). Patrologia Graeca, CXX VII. Tyr. — Concilium Tyrium (A. D. 335). Coleti, II. Tzetz. — Joannes Tzetzes (A. D. 1150±). Chi- liades. Kiessling. Lipsiae. 1826. — Scholia ad Lycophr. M. Christ. Goth. Miiller. Lipsiae. 1811. Tzym. Toannes Tzymisches (A. D. 976). Lingenthal's Jus Graecoromanum. Valent. —Valentinus, Gnosticus (A. D. 155). Patrologia Graeca, VII. Yillois. — Villoison's Anecdota Graeca. Vene- tiis. 1781. Vit. AmphU. — Vita AmphUochii. Patrologia Graeca, XXXIX. Vit. Aral. —Vita Arati. Ibid. XIX. Vit. Basil. — Vila BasUii (fabulous). Prefixed to Amphilochius. Parisiis. 1644. Vit. Clim. — Vita Joannis Climacos. Patrolo- gia Graeca, LXXXVUI- Vit. Epiph. — Vit. Epiphanii (fabulous). Ibid. XLI. Vit Euthym. — Vita Eutliymii. Cotelerius, IV. Vit. Jos. Hymog. — Vila Joseph Hymnographi. Patrologia Graeca, CV. Vit. Nicol. S. — Vita Nicolai Studitae. Ibid. CV. Vit. Ml. Jun. — Vita Nili Junioris (A. D, 1005). Ibid. CXX. Vit. Syncl. — Vita Syncleticae. Ibid. XXVIIL Xenocr. — Xenocrates (A. D. 50±). Ideler, I. Zach. — Zacharias of M>'tilene (A. D. 540±). Patrologia Graeca, LXXXV. Zigah. — Euthymius Zigabenus (A. D. 1122). Ibid, cxxvm. Zonar. — Joannes Zonaras (A. D. 1118). Bonnae. 1841-1844. From XIII to XVm inclusive, quoted by the pages of the Paris edition. — Lexicon. Titmann. Lipsiae. 1808. Zos. — Zosimus {A. D. 425). Bonnae. 1837. Zosimas, abbas (A. D. 490±). Patrologia Graeca, LXXVH. *»* The greater part of the author's " Glossary of Later and Byzantine Greek, forming Vol. VII. (New Series) of the Memoirs of the American Academy," has been incorporated into the present work. Digitized by Microsoft® INTRODUCTION. THE IONIC DIALECT. The lonians first appeared in Attica, the earlier name of which was Ionia, that is, the country of the lonians. Their princi- pal city was Athens. From Attica they spread over Megaris and the northern parts of Peloponnesus. They occupied also the Cyclades. Finally they colonized a por- tion of Asia Minor, to which they trans- ferred the original name of the mother country, and which is the Ionia of his- tory and geography. The Asiatic lonians, with the weU-known sensitiveness of colo- nists, were great sticklers for the appella- tion lonians, even after it had become ob- solete in European Greece ; claiming at the same time that they themselves were the pure lonians. According to Herodotus, the Cynurians also were of Ionic descent. [E'er. 8, 73. Compare Pans. 2, 37, 3 Uplv Sf 'HpaKKeiSas KareXBelv els TlcKoirop- VTjirov TTiv avrfiv ritfiieaav 'hBrjvaiois oi Apyeloi ^oH/^w.J The name Ionia was given also to Achaia while it was occupied by the lonians. The lonians were the most intellectual of all the Greek tribes, and their dialect, in all its stages, was the leading dialect of Greece. [Her. 1, 60. Anthol. I, 102 Uarpls 8' 'EXXaSor 'EXXas 'Afl^rai, Athens the Greece of Greece. Philon II, 467, 18 Oj rS>v ''EKKijvav o|u8epKfOTaTot hiavoiav 'Adrjvaloi • oirtp yap iv 66a\na Koprj, ^ iv ■^I'X.^ Xoyto-juor, TovT ev 'EXXaSi 'A^^vai. Jos. Apion. 1, 4 'Adrjvaiovs avTox^ovas \eyovin Kai jraiSeias em- fie\eis. Paiis. 4, 35, 5 'Adripalot de npo^- xBrjo-av iirX piya air avTtjs (t^s dripoKpaTias) ■ avvivei yap oiKcia to 'EXXi)i>ik6i> wcpejSoXXovro KOt vofiots rots KaOetrrrjKotnv l\a\urra rjirtlOmv.j Solon calls his native dialect the Attic language. Dionysius of Halicamassus and Strabo apply to the early language of Athens the name of old Attic, and regard it as essentially the same with the las; a term used by the later authors to desig- nate the language of the Asiatic lonians. [See 'ArrtKos, 'las, and compare Aristid. I, 296 (317) El 8f Sei Kai TTJs 'Ofiripov iivrjaBrjvai (froi^cretBy), p.mxei Kai TavTrjs T^r (^iKoriplas fj 7t6\is, ov povov dta Trfs diroiKov noXeas, aXX on Km 17 (jtavr) (Tav TOiovrav jrocr]TS,p npocjjepeTau Huid. 2coTa8vs, Kpiyr, Mapcoviirris, Saip.ovtade\s iap^oypd(i>os. "Eypa^e ^XiciKas iJTOi. Kivaibovs 8»aX«T9 'l<^viKf,. Heraclid. apud Athen. 14, 19 'li,va>v &€ rh ItoKv TrX^flos rjWoicoTm, 8ia t6 v fiap^apav. 14, 20 Ta fie tS>i> m>v 'liivav^ ijej] Tpv(j)(pa,T€pa. Polyb. 32, 20, 9 T^k 'la- Kr]v Koi rex""?""^*' aaariav. Compare Arut. Thesm. 169. Eccl. 914. 953.] Inscriptions in the Attic dialect appeared in Ionia in the latter part of the third century before Christ ; which shows that the Ionic dialect was not in common use at that time. When therefore Artemidorus the geog- rapher says that the Ionic was spoken in Ionia when he wrote, we are to understand that lonisma were heard among ths im- educated of that countfy as late as the second century before Christ. [For Attic- inscriptions found in Ionia, see Inscr. 3137. 2852. 3045. 3067. 2855. 3069. Artem. apud Porph. Them. 1, 17, p. 42 Kal airb /«V rrjs MiX^TOu fif'xP' ''^^ 'E^Eo-iui' TroKeas Koi ai- TTJs ^fivpvrjs Koi KoXo^^vo? lon/cai/ etrri KaTOiKiOy. ol Tives Tfi TUiV ^\aiva)V hiakiKTta ;^p(Si/Tat.] As to the lonians of the Cyclades, it cannot be shown that they ever spoke a dialect materially different from that of Attica. Be this as it may, all the inscriptions be- longing to this group of islands are in Attic. From a Bceotic inscription, in which the name 'AXflavSpem occurs, it is inferred that the Boeotic dialect was spoken and written at least as late as the time of Alexander the Great. As to KapxaSowor, found in another Boeotic inscription, it only proves that that inscription could not have been written long after the destruction of Car- thage by the Romans. [Inscr. IbQi. 1565.], Digitized by Microsoft® THE ATTIC DIALECT. In the first century before Christ the Boeo- tians had adopted the Attic dialect, as in- scriptions clearly show. [Inscr. 1570.] The Asiatic -iEolic, and some of the branches of the Doric, continued to resist the encroachments of the Attic as late as the second century of the Christian era. And according to Pausanias, the Messe- nians of his time (second century) stiU retained their Doric idiom. [Inscr. jEolic, 2176. 2181. 2187. 2189. 2190. 3524. Doric, 2060. 1346. 1317. 1124. Compare Tatian. 26 Ei yap dxTiKtfeir ovk i)V 'AOrivaios, Xeye /iot Tov iifj Sapi^eiv ttjv alriav. PwuS. 4, 27, 5 tlieaaijvioi, 8e ixrot JieKoiTovvqaov TptaKO- aia erri p,aKurTa tjKoivto, iv ois oiJte iBav eicri 8^Xoi trapakva'avTes ti twv oUodev, otVe r^K diaXtKTOv r^f Aa)pida fierediSd^Otjcrav, oKKa koi it fjpas fTi TO aKpi^es air^i UeXnnomriaiaiv p.d\i(rTa f( Twv Attikwv Sia TTjv impi^iav. Greg. Corinth. init. Koivfj Se, § jravres ;(po)fiffla, Kai tj ixP'l' o-aTo nivbapos, ^youv i) ck rav Teaadpwv uvve- a-Totaa. Pansanias (9, 22, 3) calls the lan- guage of Pindar Doric. See Koivi). koivos, Kotvm;, 'ATTt/cc5s, 'EXXtjkikcoe, 'Ardi's, 'Attiko's, "ArrtictBS.J Alexandria under the Ptolemys was the g^-eat seat of learning. The genius of poetry was now leaving the Greeks, and science, criticism, erudition, and a taste for fantastic versification were taking its place. The language of the early poets was obsolescent, and in part entirely ob- solete. It was natural, therefore, that some of the best scholars of the age should devote their time and learning to the ex- planation of such words and passages as were no longer understood by ordinary Digitized by Microsoft® THE ATTIC DIALECT. 5 readers. But we are not to suppose that thesS critics were grammarians, in the usual sense of the term ; for the first attempt at systematic grammar was made by Dionysius of Thrace, who died in the early part of the first century before Christ. They were annotators rather than grammarians, and their scholia may be compared to the expkmaUyry notes of mod- em commentators. It must be added here, that, while Zenodotus, Aristophanes of Byzantium, Aristarchus, and others were industriously commenting upon the productions of the golden age of Greek literature, Aratus, CaHunachus, ApoUonius of Rhodes, and Nicander were endeavoring to revive the old Ionic, that is, the dialect of Homer and Hesiod, but of course with- out success. These versifiers may be said to afford the earliest example of learned men making use of an obsolete language. [See jSu/ios, 6p6vos, ttcXckvs, wrcpv^, atfiaipa, aov. — Homer's poems were enjoyed by the common people of Athens as late as the time of Xenophon. Compare Xen. Conv. 3, 5 'O Trarrip 6 impLcKovfievos orras avijp ayoBos ycvolp,rjV rjvayKoae fie irdvra to 'Ofif/pmi cTrr) jioBfiv. Kai vvv 8vvaip,r]v &v 'iXidda dX);K koi '08i(r io'cds ovk apiftvov for the Greeks. Paus. 7, 17, 2. Dion C. 63, 11, 1 ndtrav p,(v rfju 'EXXaSa eXfijXci- Tijo-e, Kai w€p ikev6ipav d(j>€is. Philostr. 224. Herodn. 3, 2, 14 'Apxaiov toCto irdBos 'EXXij- vav, oi iTphs dXX^Xoui- oratridfoi/Tes del Kai Toiis imepe^fiv BoKovvras KaSaipeiv 6e\ovT€s erpi-j^a- (Tav TrjV 'EXXdSa .... To Se tto^os toCto tov ^ijKov Ka\ (j>36vov pcTrjKBev (is ras Kaff rjnas dKna^ov(ras n'dXeis.j This is the period of empty declama- tion, of grammatical works, of fanaticism, theosophism, the\u-gy, mysticism, religious persecution, religious imposture, and phil- osophical charlatanry. The principal lit- erary centres were Alexandria, Athens, and Antioch. The common dialect was now more or less spoken and written in regions widely remote from each other, in Spain, in Meso- potamia, and from .^Ethiopia to Sarmatia. It was a sort of universal language, and consequently a medium of communication. Every weU-educated person was supposed to be acquainted with it ; and, if Epicte- tus is to be believed, the Roman ladies were particularly fond of Plato's Republic. [Cic. Arch. 23 Nam, siquis minorem glo- riae fruotum putat ex Graecis versibus per- cipi, quam ex Latinis, vehementer errat : propterea quod Graeca leguntiu in omni- bus fere regionibus, Latina suis finibus, exiguis sane continentur. Senec. Consol. ad Helv. 6, 8 Quid sibi volunt in mediis barbarormn regionibus Graecae urbes ? Quis inter Indos Persasque Maoedonicus sermo? Juven. 6, 184. 15, 110 Nunc totus Graias nostrasque habet orbis Athe- 1, 1, 12. jSueton. Claud. 42. Digitized by Microsoft® Anstid. 1, 294, 10 "hnaam yap at ttSKck koi TravTa Ta tS>v avBpanrav yevr) npos vpas Koi rfiv vperepav Slatrav xal (juovfiv dmKKivf .... Kal TavTr]v piav (jjavfiv Koivf/v airavres tov yeVovs ivopurav, (c. t. X. Luc. 23, 38. Act. 21, 37. Joann. 19, 20. Jos. B. J. 5, 5, 2. Epict. Frag. 53 'Ev PA/ij; aJ ■yuwalfccf /jera p^fipay exovai rfjv liKdrmvoi TroXiTeiav, otl KOivds d^ioi elvm rds yvvaixas. Plut. I, 564 E. Lucian. I, 695.] Meanwhile the population of Greece was rapidly diminishing ; so that in the time of Plutarch that country could not pro- duce more than three thousand hoplitae. This may explain the fact that piost of the writers of this period were not natives of Greece proper ; and some of them were not even of Greek descent. \Cic. Pis. 40 Achaia exhausta, Thessalia vexata, lace- ratae Athenae, etc. Philon II, 302, 12 'H TrXfioTi) pdipa tov ''EXKijvikov iravTos i^e- c^ddprj iravaiXedpla* Keval ^yap ai irporepov eiavSpovaai TToXets oiKjjTopcov pmjpeia ratv ttjs 'EAXaSos (Tvp