F CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY 3 1924 079 596 882 All books are subject to recall after two weeks Olin/Kroch Library DATE DUE 9Bl^^m^m ^^tti^ iB^jgP* i GAVLORD PRINTED IN U.S.A. Cornell University Library The original of this book is in the Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924079596882 Production Note Cornell University Library produced this volume to preserve the informational content of the deteriorated original. The best available copy of the original has been used to create this digital copy. It was scanned bitonally at 600 dots per inch resolution and compressed prior to storage using ITU Group 4 compression. Conversion of this material to digital files was supported by the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation. Digital file copyright by Cornell University Library 1995. This volume has been scanned as part of The Making of America Project, a cooperative endeavor undertaken to preserve and enhance access to historical material from the nineteenth century. The digital data were used to create Cornell's replacement volume on paper that meets ANSI Standard Z39.48-1 992. CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY CATTARAUGUS COUNTY: • - • ■- EUBRAGING ITS A.aRICULTUR^L SOCIETY, NEWSPAPERS, CiyiL LIST,' (Frou the OROASiyanox of tbi Countt to 185T,) BIOGRAPHIES OF THE OLD. PIONEERS, (WIFH PORTRAITS,) BENJAMIN CHAMBERLAIN, PETER TEN BROECK, FREDERICK S. MARTIN, CHAUNCEY J. FOX, ALSON LEAVENWORTH, . STALEY N. CLARKE, AND OF CONGRESSMEN FRANCIS S. EDWAUDS and REUBEN E. FENTON; Colonial M)i State iobernors of Itetaigorli; NAMES OF TOWNS AND POST OFFICES, ■WITH THE STATISTICS OF EACH TOWN. SkCBETABT of the AGRICULTUKAL and HonTICULTCRAL SOCIBTT. 1857. \ LITTLE VALLEY, N. T.: PUBLISHED BY JOHN" MANLEY. HOSFORD & CO.. giAHOsnis jun) Peuoiee, S7 iSD 69 Wnxun Bbiei, N. T. CM r CI/ A -7 :? •*) '! ; t AX'""'^^'^- ^<>- THE OBJECT OF THIS PUBLICATION Is to present brief sketches of some of the pioneers of Cat- taraugus County — men who have made their mark, and are emphatically a part of the county's history — to the citizens of the present time ; not with the expectation of doing full jus- tice to the characters of those eminent citizens, but as a sug- gestion, to those suitably qualified, to prepare a full history of the county, with sketches of all of the pioneers to whom the TRIBUTE OP GRATITUDE is due. If the sketches here presented fail to accomplish all that could be desired, there is a public satisfaction in preserving the very correct portraits of those worthy men. For the very satisfactory manner in which the engraved portraits are executed, and the neat typography of these pages, credit is due to Messrs. Hosford & Co., of New York City. The portraits and sketches of Messrs. Edwards and Fen- ton are presented because their Congressional service belongs to Cattaraugus as well as to Chautauque, and because the writer of this, and many others, desired it on grounds of per- sonal friendship. The Agricultural Society's and town Statistics, and the civil list, as well as the advertisements of honorable business men, will be found of interest. For a large part of the original matter credit is due to the kindness of Hon. Wm. Pitt Angel and David H. Bolles, Esq., of EUicottville; James T. Henry, Esq., of 01eian;-L. L. Pratt, Esq., of Fredonia; and James Parker, Esq., of Frews- burg; and for assistance in collecting statistics, thanks are due to Moses Beecher, Esq., and Mr. George E. Newgomb, Deputy County Clerk, of EUicottville. TO THE HONORED OLD PIONEERS, BENJAMIN CHAMBERLAIN, PETER TEN BROECK. FREDERICK S. MARTIN, CHAUNCEY J. FOX, ALSON LEAVENWORTH, and STALEY N. CLARKE, WHO BJlVE fbrfobmeo settlers' duties and depended settlers' EIGHTS, AND EXEBCISED HIGH PUBLIC trusts, CONFIDED TO THEM / BT THE PEOPLE OF CATTARAUGUS. WITH ABILITY, INTEGRITY, AND PATRIOTISM, THIS HUMBLE TWBCTB 13 RESPECTFULLY INSCRIBED. THE CATTARAUGUS COUNTY AGRICULTURAL & HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. OFFICERS FOR 1857. BOARD OF MANAGERS, LORENZO STRATTON, President, NATH4N CROSBY, JOHN MANLEY, DANIEL BUCKLIN, CYRUS W. FULLER, WILLIAM PENNEY, NATHANIEL WALKER, HARDY R. FINCH, LEICESTER TRACY, WILLIAxM H. EDDY, Vice President, Secretary, Treasurer, ■ Directors, Little Valley. do. do. do. do. do. Mansfield. Napoli. New Albion. Mansfield. SUPERINTENDENT OF POLICE AT THE FAIR, ADDISON CROWLEY, Sheriff of the County. TOWN VICE- PRESIDENTS, JiMtS Stroxs, Alltuany YlRGIL RkED, - Humphrty ALKZANDER t^OOBST, A• ver ware to the 3d do do 3 ) wife of owner. * The Milk Cow to be kept on grasR only, duriDg the ezpcrimeDt, and for Qfleen days previouii to each period of the trial. 11 The time of trial from 10th to 20th July, and from 20th to 30th August. Statement to he furnished, containing 1st. The age and breed of Cow, and time of calring. 2d. The quantity of milk in weight, and also of butter, dur- ing each period of ten days. 3d. The butter made to be exhibited with the Cow, at the Fair, and the statement to be verified by the afBdavit of com- petitor and one other person conversant with the facts. Judges. — Wm. Somerville, EllicottvUle; David Sanders, Per- rysburg; Sylvester M. Cox, Otto; Nath'l Manley, Mansfield; Samuel Allen, Randolph. Class 3. — Woeking Oxen, over 4 teaks old. Team of 6 yoke oxen, owned in one town. . .$12 $6 $4 Single yoke oxen 5 3 2 A yoke of cattle, competing in teams, cannot compete as a single yoke; nor can a single yoke, competing for premium, be allowed to compete in the town teams. At 3 P. M., Thursday, the working oxen to be thoroughly tested on loaded stone-boats, to be entitled to a premium. Judges. — John Perkins, East Otto; Jonas K. Button, Frank- linville; Thos. Little, Otto; Alson Leavenworth, JVew Mbion; E. Culver, Little Valley; Wm. P. Crawford, Bucktooth. Class 4. — Steebs, 3, 2 and 1 tear old. Yoke steers, 3 years §5 $3 $2 " 2 " 4 2 1 1 " 3 1 Tr. To boys under 16, training Steers, to be tested on loaded stone-boat, at 3 P. M., Thursday, $3, Ag. books; $2, Ag, books. 12 Judges. — Chauncey J. Fox, EUicottviUe; Dan'l Bowen, Con- newnngo; Zina Holdridge, JVa/Jo/i; Wm. Knowlton, Perrysfiwrg; Philip S. Pratt, East Otto. Class 5, — Sheep. Fine wool Buck $4 $2 s49 4 Ewes 5 3 s49 4 Lambs 5 3 Tr. South Down Buck 4 2 s49 4 Ewes 5 3 s49 4 Lambs 5 3 Tr. Long wool Buck 4 2 s49 4 Ewes 5 3 b49 4 Lambs 5 3 Tr. Judges. — N. N. Langmade, Bmrf/brd, Pa.; Anson Stebbins, Otto; Silas Miller, JVapoli; H. W. Wedge, Mansfield; Joseph Colman, Great Valley. Class 6. — Swine. Lot Berkshire Swine, pure $4 ^2 Tr. " Essex " " 4 2 Tr. " Suffolk " " 4 2 Tr. Boar, common 3 2 Tr. Breeding Sow, common 3 3 Tr. Lot Spring Pigs, " 3 2 Tr. Judges. — E. C. Bliss, Westfield, ChautauqueCo.; A. W. Steb- bins, Mansfield; Nathaniel Bryant, Little Valley; S. C. Brand, Leon; J. R. Babcock, Persia. Class 7.— Poultet. Lot domestic Fowls $3 s75 sl6 " Turkeys 3 s75 sl6 13 Lot Geese $3 s75 sl6 " Ducks 3 875 8l6 " Doves 3 s76 sl6 " Canary Birds 3 s75 sl6 Judges.— R. H, Shankland, D. E. Sill, F. A. Saxon, Eflicott- viUe; J. T. Henry, Okan; B. F. Morris, Randolph. Class 8. — Plowing and Spading Matches. ^t 9 j3. M., Friday. Eighth of an acre plowed the best, (with horses or oxen,) in one hour. $4 $3 $2 Tr. P. Rules. — Each plowman to strike his own lands, and plow en- tirely independent of adjoining lands. The width of furrow to be 11 inches, and not less than 6 inches in depth. The teams to start at one time, under direction of the Division Marshal, and each plowman to do his work without a driver or assistant. B®" The Judges will not be present during the trial, but when the plowing is completed and the competi tors withdrawn, they will examine the grounds and make their awards on the merit of the work. The Judges will pursue the same course on the spading match. Spading grounds 20 by 10 feet, and not less than 10 inches deep, ill one hour. $4 $3 $2 Tr. P. Judges. — Spencer Scndder, Randolph; S. Harvey,Jlfan*/?e/d/ Hugh Orr. Little Valley; Luther Cram, Bucktaoth; Jonathan Jewell, JVcic Albion. SECOND DIVISION. HORACE CROSS, Marshal. Animals in this division must be sound; the entries will 14 close at 2 P. M., Thursday, and they must be on the Fair grounds at 9 A.M., Friday, when they will be arranged by the Division Marshal, and the Judges will examine them at the hours s])ecified in each class. Any person entering teams or single horses, without being a bona fide competitor, to evade buying a carriage ticket, will be, with his team, ejected from the fair grounds. Class 9. — Stallions, Brood Maees with Foals. ^t 9 ^.M., Friday. Stallions, over 4 years $6 $4 s2 3 years and under 4 3 si Brood Mare, with foal at her foot 5 3 si Judges. — J. W.Edson, Machiasj Wm. Cooper, Perrysburg; J. C. Benson, Ellicottvilk; Chas. Noble, Great Valley; E. Mc- Millen, Littk Valley. Class 10. — Gelding and Maee Colts. M 10 A.M., Friday. Gelding, 3 years old $4 $2 s70 " 2 " 3 2 si Mare, 3 " 4 2 s70 2 " 3 2 si Colt, 1 " either sex 2 si s70 Judges.— L. D. Cobb, Yorkshire; L. D. Chadwick, Perrys- burg; Byron Graham, Kew AMon; Wm. Buffingten, Cattarau- gus; Nathan Crosby, Little Valley. Class 11.— Caeeiage and Saddle Hoesks. At 11 A.M., Friday. Racing prohibited. See Rule in Class 12. 15 Matched Horses, in harness $6 $4 s2 Single " " 4 3 si Saddle " " 4 3 s70 Match draft Horses, " 5 3 s2 Judges. — Wm. S. Johnson, EUicottville; Wm. Looinis, Ma- chias; Alonzo Hawley, Hinsdale; A. 0. Smith, Allegany; P. G. Strong, Randolph. Class 12. — Equestrianism. J3t 1^ P.M., Friday. J^^Racing Horses in this (or any other) class is prohibit- ed. For a violation of this Rule the offender will not be awarded a premium, but will be ejected from ,the fair grounds. Lady Equestrianism, 1st premium, as many dollars as there are competitors — not exceeding 15.00 — and lessening one dollar for each rider. Should there be more than five com- petitors, the sixth, &c., premiums will be paid in books. ■ Lady driving Horse with buggy, premiums same as above. Each lady may be accompanied by a gentleman. Judges. — Sam. Wm. Johnson, Ellicottvilk; N. P. Cooper, Leon; S. J. Merserau, Portville; E. Price, Coldspring; Henry Hoyt, Little Valley. THIRD DIVISION. A. P. RUSSELL, Marshal. Class 13. — Dairy — Sugar — Honet. To Dairy Women— 1st. 2d. 3d. Butter, 50 lbs Dip. and $6* $4* $2* Half doz. Butter Firkins " 2 Tr. P. To Girls under 18 years of age — Butter, 25 lbs Dip. and $5* $3* $2* 16 A statement — without signature or marks to indicate the maker's name or residence — of the mode of making and pre- serving the butter must be attached to each package; a duplicate written statement, with signatures, must be given to the Secretary at time of entry. To Dairy Women — Cheese, 100 lbs Dip. and $6* Half doz. Cheese boxes " 2 $4* Tr. $2* P. A written statement of the mode of making cheese must be given to the Secretary at the time of entry. * To be paid ia Silver Ware. Maple Sugar, 25 lbs Dip. and $2 $1 s62 The process of manufacturing and clarifying must accom- pany the samples offered. Honey, 20 lbs $2 s62 s64 Judges. — J. J. Guernsey, Randolph; Enos Austin, Cattarau- gus; J. K. Corastock, Olean; N. M. Allen, Dayton; J. R. Pitch, Little Valley. Class 14.— Floue, Bread, Grain. Bbl. Flour Dip. and $3 do Crackers Dip. and 2 Domestic Flour Bread do Brown do "Wheat, 1 bushel Corn do Oats do Rye do Barley do Beans do Peas do Seed Corn, 20 ears braided 3 s7 Tr 2 s7 Tr. sS Tr. s8 Tr 1 - s7 P. s7 P. s8 P. s8 P. s9 P. s9 P. s9 P. b9 P. 17 In deciding upon Flour exhibited, the premiums to be award- ed for the best barrel of Flour made from the least quantity of Wheat, to be accompanied by a statement of the actual quan- tity of Wheat used in tiie manufacture of a barrel of Flour, and the Wheat to be grown in this county. Judges. — John Board man, Bmc/c^oo^/*; Fuller Bucklin, LiWfe Valley; Addison Crowley, Randolph; S. McCoy, ELlicottvilk; H. French, East Randolph. Class 15. — Fruit, Flowers, Wine. Apples, 1 bushel $1 slO Tr. Pears, ^ do 1 sll Tr. Peaches, 1 peck 1 slO Tr. Quinces, do I slO Tr. Plums, do 1 slO Tr Grapes, 1 pound 1 s73 P. Tomatoes, ^ peck 1 slO P. Preserved fresh Fruit I s44 P. Dried Apples, Peaches, or Plums, each . 1 sll P. House Plants, ^- doz. pots 2 s68 P. Floral design or ornament 2 s69 P. Quart Currant or Elderberry Wine. . 1 s79 P. Judges. — Benj. Chamberlain, Randolph; L. S. Jenks, Go- vsanda; Thos. Morris, Ellicottville; S. T. Kelsey, Great Valley; L. Whitney, Olean. Class 16. — Vegetables. Potatoes, ^ bushel i^l Beets, do 1 Turnips, do 1 Carrots, do 1 Onions, do 1 Cauliflowers, ^ doz. heads 1 2 s9 Tr, s9 Tr, s9 Tr, s9 Tr, s9 Tr, s9 Tr. 18 Cabbage, ^ doz. heads $1 s9 Tr. Radishes, 12 summer 1 s9 Tr. do 12 winter 1 s9 Tr. Squashes, lot of 3 1 s9 Tr. Pumpkins, do 1 s9 Tr. Largest variety of the above Vegetables, not less than 8 kinds, raised and owned by the exhibitor, in addition to speci- fic premiums s7 s37 For 6 new varieties, not enumerated above, of quantities specified above s25 s22 Judges. — R. Lamb, EllicottviUe; C. W. Fuller, Little Valley; J. A. Kinnacut, JVew Albion; Horace Prescott, Machias; Solo- mon Howe, Yorkshire. Class 17. — Fakms and Field Crops. Best conducted Grain and Grazing Farm — a Life Membership. Best conducted Dairy Farm, do do Corn, 1 acre, over 70 bushels $3 $2 s76 Wheat, do do 35 do 3 2 s76 Oats, do do 40 do 3 2 s76 Barley, do do 35 do 3 2 b19 Rye, do do 30 do 3 2 sl9 Buckw't, do do 30 do 3 2 sl9 Potatoes, ^ acr. do 100 do 3 2 sl7 Carrots, ^ acr. do 200 do 3 2 sl7 Turnips, ^ acr. do 50 do 3 2 sl7 Judges. — J. G. Staunton, EUicottville; Porter "Welch, Per- sia; Peter Ten Broeck, Farmer sviUe; John Green, Great Val- ley; Levi B. Eddy, Mansfield. Class 18. — Quilts and Blankets. Bed Coverlet, silk, $3 %2 s36 do cotton 3 2 s36 do wool 3 2 s36 19 Bed Quilt, silk $3 $2 s36 do cotton 3 2 b36 Bed Spread 3 2 s36 Judges.— Mrs. J. J. Gurnsey, Randolph; Mrs. H. H. Holt, East Randolph; Mrs. L. S. Jenks, Gowanda; Mrs. Ira R. Jones, Leon; Mrs. G. Barrow, Little Valley. Class 19. — Carpets, Rugs, Flannel. Carpet, Rag $8 $2 s36 Striped or fancy 3 2 s36 " Star... 3 2 s ff Hearth Rug 1 0.75 slG Lamp Mats 1 0.75 sl6 Flannel, 10 yards White 3 2 s36 10 '• plaid or striped 3 2 8^6 Judges. — Mrs. C. Morgan, Leon; Mrs. J. W. Edson Machi- as; Mrs. P. G. Strong, Randolph; Mrs. L. Tracy, JVew .Albion; Mrs. J. R. Fitch, Little Valley. Class 20. — Embboideby, Paintings, &c. Embroided Skirt $2 $1 , oO Collar I 0.75 50 Undersleeves 1 0.75 50 Cape 1 0.75 50 Shawl 2 1 50 Shoes 1 0.75 ' 50 Painting, in oil 2 1 50 " water colors 2 1 50 " ambrotypes 1 & D. D. P. daguerreotypes 1 & D. D. P. " crayons 2 1 50 " penciling 2 1 60 20 Table or other Covers $1 $0.75 50 Tidy 1 0.75 50 Hose, cotton 1 0.75 50 " woolen 1 0.75 75 Mittens, do 1 0.75 50 Gloves, do 1 0.75 50 Judges. — Mrs. C. McGlashan, Connewango ; Mrs. E. W. Cooper, Leon; Mrs. C. V. B. Barse, Okan; Mrs. C. S. Trevitt, EUicottville; Mrs. Lorenzo Stratton, Little Valley. Class 21. — Miscellaneous. Miscellaneous articles of merit not enumerated in any other class, will receive premiums in money of $1, 50 cts.. Diplomas, Transactions, or Patent Office Reports, at the discretion of the Judges. Judges. — "Wm. H. Camp and Lady, Randolph; W, L. Haven and Lady, Perri/sburg; Geo. Van Campen and Lady, Jllle- gany; B. F. Chamberlain and Lady, East Randolph. FOURTH DIVISION. NATHAN CROSBY. Marshal. Class 22. — Plows, — Farming Tools. Plow $2 & D. Tr. .P. " sub-soil 1 & D. Tr. P. " Rub-hiil 1 & D. Tr. P. Harrow Tr. Tr. P. Cultivator 1 & D. Tr. P. Grain drill D. Tr. P. Seed sower D. Tr. P. Mowing machine D. Tr. P. Horse rake D. Tr. P. Grain cradle D. Tr. P. 21 Fanning mill D. Tr. P. Hay and Straw Cutter $1 & D. Tr. P. Ox yoke Tr. Tr. P. Cheese press D. Tr. P. steamer D. Tr. P. Churn D. Tr. P. Judges. — Elijah Hawkins, Pcma; Stephen Gladding, JVapo/f; Howard Fuller, Cold Spring; Luther Chadwick, Perrysburg; R. C. Brainard, Bucktooth. Class 23. — Carriages and Harness. Wagon, 2 horse farm $3 & D. Tr, P. " democrat 3 & D. Tr. P. Buggy 3&D. Tr. P. Cutter 2 & D. Tr. P. Ox Cart 2 & D. Tr. P, Harness, 2 horse 2 & D. Tr. P. single 2&D. Tr. P. Judges. — Ashabel Bushnell, JVapoli; Jas. Nelson, Great Val- ley; A. \ . Dockstader, Connewango; C. Morgan, Leon; N. G. Otis, East Randolph. Class 24. — Manufactures. 2 Doors 2 Sashes 3 pairs Blinds Specimens Cabinet ware liiS & D. Tin ware Blacksmith's work . . . Shoemaker's work . . . Tailor's work Leather Stone ware Judges. — C. C. Rice, Olean; Wni. Penney, Little Valley; Anson G. Scager, Connewango; W. H. Eddy, Mar.sfidd; P B. Harrington, EUicottviUe. D. Tr. P. D. Tr. P. D. Tr. P. 3 & D. Tr. P. 2&D. Tr. , P. 2&D. Tr. P. 2 & D. Tr. P. 2&D. Tr. P. 1 &D. Tr. P. 1 &D. Tr. P. O. M. S^XTOiNT & COMF^IN-Y, 140 FCtTOIf ST., NEW YORK, PUBLISH THE FOLLOWING BOOKS FOE THE COTJNTEY, And will lend them, Free of Postage, to any part of U. S. npon receipt of Price. 1 Sadd'B Modem Horse Doctor, (1 2 Ssdd's Anatomy and Fbysiology of the Horse, 3 3 Dadd s " " " " colored plates, 4 4 Dadd'B Am. Cattle Doctor, 1 6 Tbe Stable Book, 1 6 Tbe Horse's Foot, and bow to keep it Sound; paper 25 cts., clotb... T Bridgeman's Gardener's Assistant,.. 1 6 " Florist's Guide, i cl. 50, cL » " Gardener's Instructor, J cl. 50cts.,cl 10 " Fruit Cultivator, i cl. 60, cL 11 Field's Hand-Book of Pear Culture, id. 50, cl 12 Cole's Am. FraitBook, 13 Cole's Am. Veterinarian, 14 Buist'sAm.Flower Garden Directory 1 15 Buist's Family Kitcben Gardener,.. 16 Browne's Am. Bird Fancier; paper 25 cts, cloth 17 Dana's Muck Manual, cloth 1 13 Dana's Prize Essay on Manures, — 19 Stockhardt's Chemical Field Lectures 1 20 Norton's Solentiflo & Pract AgricuL 21 Johnston's Catecblsm of Agricultural Chemistry (for Schools) 22 Johnston's Elements of Agrlcaltnral Chemistry and Geology, 1 28 Johnston's Lectures on Agricultural Chemistry and Geology, 1 24 Downing's Landscape Gardening,.. 3 25 Fessenden's Complete Farmer and i^ Gardener, 1 26 " Am. Kitchen Gardener, cl. 2T Nash's Progressive Farmer 28 Kichardson's Domestic Fowls, 29 Kichardson qn the Horse, 80 Ilichardson on the Hog, 31 Richardson on the Pests of tbe Farm, 32 BlchardsonontbeHiveJtiHoneyBee, 33 Milbum and Stevens on the Cow and Dairy Husbandry, 34 Skinner'sElementsof Agriculture,.. 35 Topham s Chemistry Made Easy, . . , 86 Brock's Book of Flowers, 1 87 Luchar's Hot Houses A Green Houses, 1 S3 Chinese Sugar Cane iSc Sugar Making, 89 Turner's Cotton Planter s Manual, . . 1 40 Allen on the Culture of the Grape 1 41 Allen on Difeasesof Domestic Animals, 43 Allen's American Farm Book, 1 43 Allen's Rural Architecture 1 44 Pardee on the Strawberry, 45 Pedder's Farmer's Land Measurer,. . 46 Phelps' Bee-keeper's Chart, 47 Guenon's Treatise on Milch Cows; paper 38 cts., cloth ^ Gnnn'B Domestic Medicine — a book for every married man and woman 3 49 Bandall's Sheep Husbandry 1 50 Touatt, Randall, and Skinner's Shep- herd's Own Book, 2 51 Yonatt on tbe Breed and Manage- mentofSheep, 52 Touatt on the Horse, 1 53 Touatt, Martin, & Stevens, on Cattle 1 54 Touatt and Martin on tbe Breeds and Management of tbe Hog, 55 Munn's Practical Land Drainer, . . . 56 Stephens' Book of the Farm, com- plete, 450 illustrations, 4 57 Tbe American Architect, or Flans for Country Dwellings, 6 53 Tbaer, Shaw, & Johnson's Principles of Agriculture, 59 Smith's Landscfipe Gardening, Parks and Pleasure Grounds, 1 60 TiTeeks on the Bee : paper 25 cts., cl. 61 "Wilson on Cultivation of Flax, .... 62 Miner's Am. Bee-keeper's Manual, . . 1 63 Quinby's Mysteries of Bee-keeping,. 1 64 Cottage and Farm Bee-keeper, C5 Elliott's Am. Frnit Grower's Guide, . 1 66 The American Florist's Guide, .... 6; Hyde on the Chinese SugarCane paper, 63 Every Lady her own Flower Gar- dener ; paper 25 cts., cloth 69 The Rose Culturist ; p.iper 25 cts., cl. 70 History of Morgan Horses, 1 71 Saxton's Rural Hand Books, 4 vols., 5 72 Rabbit Fancier; p.iper 25 cts, cloth 78 Reemelin's Vine-Dresser's Manual,. 74 Neil's Fruit, Flower, and Vegetable Gardener's Companion, 1 75 Browne's American Poultry Tard,. 1 73 Browne's Field Book-«f Manures,. . 1 77 Hooper's Dog and Gun, 78 Skillful Housewife ; paper 25 cts., cl. 79 Cbiirlton's Grape Grower's Guide; paper 50 cts., clotb 80 ■White's Gardening for the South, 1 81 Eastwood on tbe Cranberry, 83 Persoz on tbe Culture of tbe Vine, 83 Boussingault's Rural Economy, ... 1 84 Thompson's Food of Animals; paper 50 cts., cloth '. . 84 Richardson on Dogs ; p.npor 25 cts , cl 86 Liebig's Familiar Letters to Farmers, 87 Cobbett's American Gardener, . . . 83 Waring's Elements of Agiicnlturo,. 25 60 00 25 00 75 25 25 75 SO 00 00 2 00 25 80 25 00 00 60 25 75 25 or THE CATTAEAUGUS COUJ^TY (As amended to August 10th, 1857.) PREAMBLE. Sec. 1 . The style and corporate name oT this Society is the " Cattaraugus County Ageioultural and Horticultural Society." It -was organized on the 28th day of January, 1856, under authority of an Act of the Legislature of the State of New York, passed April 13, 1855. Said Act is printed in Volume fourteen, "Transactions of the New York State Agricultural Society, 1854," pages vi. to X.; and Said Act is hereby declared to be the Constitution of this Society. This Society is a reorganization of the "Cattarauggs County Agricultural Society," originally formed on the 11th day of November, 1841. The objects of this Society are — To improve the condition of Agriculture, Horticulture, Household and Meclianic Arts, within the County of Cattaraugus, by means of Essays, Ad- dresses, Annual Fairs, and Prizes for meritorious productions in each department. 24 OFFICERS. § 2. The ofiScers of this Society are a President, Vice- President, Secretary, and Treasurer; Who shall be elected annually by ballot, and by a majority of the votes cast; and SIX DIRECTORS, Two of whom shall be elected annually by ballot, and by a ma- jority of the votes cast, and shall hold their office for three years. The Vice-President, Secretary, and Treasurer shall be residents of the Town where the Fairs are held. The above officers constitute a " Board of Managers." § 3. The Board of Managers may appoint a Vice-President in each town in the County, excepting in the town where the Society is located. § 4. No person shall be elected to office who is not a mem- ber of this Society. § 5. Vacancies in office shall be filled only in the modes prescribed in Sections 2 and 3, and at a monthly meeting. MEMBERSHIP. § 6. Membership in this Society begins on the first day of January, and terminates on the thirty-first day of December : Provided nevertheless, the officers named in Section 2 shall hold over in the next year until the election of their successors. § 7. Any resident of this Slate may bn^come a Member of this Society by paying One Dollar to the Treasurer. Members shall be furnished with tickets entitling them to enter proper- ty to compete for prizes, and admit the owner, lady, and minor children to the Fairs — or a § 8. Life Member, with all the privileges of annual mem- bership, by paying Ten Dollars to the Treasurer at one time, who shall be furnished with a diploma certificate of life mem- bership, and with admission tickets each year, witji the owner's permanent number thereon. 25 § 9. Honorary Membership may be conferred upon non- residents of this county, as a mark of respect for services rendered in any department coming within the objects of this Society; and such persons shall be furnished with certificates of the fact, and the President shall annually furnish each one with a " Complimentary Ticket." § 10. Publishers op Newspapers in this County, who pub- lish the Society's notices, are hereby constituted members of this Society; and the Treasurer shall annually issue to each publisher a Member's Ticket, and charge the Society there- with. MISCELLANEOUS FAIR TICKETS. § 11. Any member of this Society may enter the Fair grounds with horses and carriage, by buying of the Treasurer a Twenty-five Cent Carriage Ticket, which he shall give to the door-keeper before entering. § 12. Any Peddler, by buying of the Treasurer a Peddler's Ticket at Two Dollars, and an additional ticket for each assistant at One Dollar, may enter the Fair grounds and sell goods, except liquors of all kinds of an intoxicating nature, the sale of which is hereby forbidden on the Fairgrounds; but he shall be subject to the orders of the President in his loca- tion, and shall not sell at auction during the delivery of Ad- dresses or reading Reports. § 13. During the Fairs the Treasurer shall sell Single Admission Tickets at One Shilling each. § 14. The President may issue Complimentary Tickets at discretion, with the advice of the Boai'd of Managers. BOARD OF MANAGERS. § 15. The authority hereby vested in the Board of Mana- gers is (vide Cons ) 1st. To hold iiioiitlily meetings at the same time and place with the Society: and special meetings on the call of the President. 26 2d. To make all appropriations and investments of the Society's moneys, but only at monthly meetings; provided, if the funds will warrant, they may extend the premiums during the Fairs. 3d. To vote the premiums to be awarded by the Society at the Annual Fairs, and the amount of the Treasurer's bond. 4th. To appoint Adjudging, Revising, and Finance Com- mittees, Marshals, Door-keepers, and Police for the Fairs. 5th. To fix annually the amount of compensation to the Secretary and Treasurer, and the amount to be paid to Policemen at the Fairs. 6th. To establish a Library, to be the property of the Society, by purchase and donations, and make rules for its care, extension, and use; and 7th. To purchase or lease real and personal property, neces- sary for the use of the Society. ANNUAL AND MONTHLY MEETINGS. § If). There shall be an Annual Meeting of the Society, to be held in the village of Little Valley, on the first Saturday in Jantiary, at 1 o'clock, P.M., for the election of Ofi&cers, and reports of Officers and Committees of the preceding year. § 17. Monthly Meetings of the Society shall be held on the first Saturday in each month, (except January,) at 1 o'clock, P. M., in the village of Little Valley, for the discussion of questions coming within the " objects" of the Society, and for the transaction of general business. ANNUAL FAIRS § 18. Of this Society shall be held in the village of Little Valley, on the third Wednesday, Thursday and Friday in the month of September — the programme to be arranged by the Board of Managers; and the following Regulations must be strictly adhered to, and should be printed on the Fair Show Bills: I. All property must be entered in the name of the bona fide 27 owners; and Grain, Fruit, and Vegetables, Dairy Products, Household and Mechanic Manufactures, must have been raised and made by the exhibitors ihereof. II. Stock (except horses) must bo entered upon the Secre- tary's books during Wednesday, be on the Fair Grounds by 10 A. M., Thursday, and remain until 3 P. M., Friday; entries of horses and all other property, and for plowing or trial match- es, will close at 2 P. M., Thursday; and horses, of all kinds, must be on the Fair Grounds by 9 A. M., Friday, and remain until 3 P.M.; equestrian entries will close at 9 A.M., Friday. III. Competitors on Dairy Products must give in writing the mode of manufacture; on Crops, the soil, tillage, amount of land, quantity per acre, by weight, according to the New York standard of 1857, cost of raising, &c., verified on oath. The Committee on Crops must be furnished with statements and samples of grain by competitors, on or before the 1st Sat- urday in December, and the awards will be made at the An- nual Meeting. IV. No Animal or Article can compete but for a single premium. V. Premiums will not be paid on Animals or Articles of inferior merit, although there may be no competition. VI. No person shall act as a Judge for awarding premiums, for w^hich he is any way a competitor. VII. No member, not a resident of this County, shall com- pete for prizes, (except Diplomas and Transactions,) at any Fair of this Society. VIII. Any person who shall knowingly violate the regula- tions of the Society, or who shall seek to obtain a premium by false pretences, or by improper interference with the Judg- es, shall be excluded from competitors. IX. Hay for Stock on exhibition during the Fair, shall be furnished by the Society gratis. X. Door and Gate Keepers are prohibited from receiving money for admissions to the Fair Grounds, and must return all tickets received for admissions immediately to the Secretary. 28 AN ADJUDGING COMMITTEE § 19. Shall be appointed, consisting of five or more per- sons, to examine and award premiums in each class of property exhibited at the Annual Fairs; three of whom shall form a quorum. A EE VISING COMMITTEE § 20. Shall be appointed at the monthly meeting in Sep- tember, consisting of three members of the Society, (not mem- bers of any adjudging committee,) to examine the entries on the Secretary's books and the awards of the several adjudging committees, see that the regulations are complied with by com- petitors and committees, and report to the Board of Managers during the Fairs; and after the Revising Committee's Reports are accepted, the President shall announce the awards. A FINANCE COMMITTEE § 21. Shall be appointed at the monthly meeting in Decem- ber, consisting of three members of the Society, to examine the books and vouchers of the Secretary and Treasurer, and report at the Annual Meeting; and also to report the receipts, expenditures, liabilities, resources, and amount and condition of the Society's property. PRINTING COMMITTEE. § 22. The President and Secretary shall procure annually, by contract, the necessary printing for the Society. ANNUAL REPORTS § 23. To the Secretary of the State Agriculfural Society, shall be made by the President, Secretary and Treasurer of this Society, immediately after the annual meeting. (Vide § 9 Cons.) PRESIDENT'S DUTIES. § 24. The President shall preside at all meetings of the Society, or of the Board of Managers; see that the Constitu- 29 tion and By-Laws are complied with; have general supervision of tlie Fairs; see that the rules are strictly enforced, and tliat the officers and employees of the Society faithfully perform their duties; draw his warrant on the Treasurer for the pay- ment of all moneys voted by the Board of Managers, and none other; and for the delivery of miscellaneous premiums, other than mone)'. In the absence of the President, the above duties shall be performed by the elective Vice-President. SECRETARY'S DUTIES. § 25. It shall be the duty of the Secretary — 1st. To record the proceedings of each meeting of the So- ciety and Board of Managers, and enter upon the record the names of the members of the Board present at such meetings. 2d. To certify to the Treasurer copies of all resolutions appropriating moneys, and miscellaneous premiums other than money. 3d. To countersign and keep a register of all warrants drawn on the Treasurer by the President, for the payment of the Society's moneys, and miscellaneous premiums other than money. 4th. To carry on the correspondence, issue notices, prepare the premium lists, (voted by the Board of Managers,) and Transactions of the Society and of the Board of Managers, for publication. 5th. To prepare certificates of " Life Membership" and " Honorary Membership," and deliver them to such members; prepare miscellaneous premiums, (other than money.) deliver them to the Treasurer, and take his receipt therefor. 6th. To prepare " Members," " Life Members," " Single Ad- mission," "Carriage," and " Peddler's tickets," keep distinct accounts of each class of tickets, deliver them to the Treas- urer, and take his receipt therefor. 7th. To enter, class, and number all property designed for exhibition at the Annual Fairs; when the entries are dlosed, 30 prepare duplicate lists of the entries for the ure of the several Adjudging Committees: Provided, that no entry of property shall be made by the Secretary unless the owner thereof pre- sents a member's ticket. 8th. To act as Librarian for the Society. 9th. The Secretary shall not hold any other office enumer- ated in §§ 2, 3, 19, 20, and 21. TREASURER'S DUTIES. § 26. It shall be the duty of the Treasurer — 1st. To receive and take charge of all funds, securities, and vouchers of the Society. 2d. To receive from the Secretary registered " Members," "Life Members," and "Peddler's" tickets, "Carriage" and "Sin- gle Admission" tickets, which he shall sell at the prices fixed by §§ 7, 8, 11, 12, and 13. He shall keep distinct accounts of each class of tickets, the numbers of the tickets, names and res- idence of purchasers, and write their names and residence plainly upon the face of the registered tickets, per form § 8. 3d. To pay all orders drawn on him by the President or Vice-President, from moneys appropriated for the purpose named in the order, which orders must be numbered and coun- tersigned by the Secretary; and deliver miscellaneous premi- ums, other than money, upon like orders; and he is hereby for- bid paying moneys of the Society in any other manner. 4th. To keep accounts of the financial operations of the Society; exhibiting clearly and fully the receipts, from the State and all other sources, disbursements, investments, and cash in his hands; make concise statements thereof monthly; have his books and vouchers open to the inspection of the So- ciety, at the stated meetings, and of the Board of Managers, or Finance Committee, on demand. 5th. At the close of the fiscal year, (Friday before the 1st Saturday in January,) he shall make a full report, in writing, of the entire business of his office; and deliver all funds, se- curities, books and papers of his office to his successor, or to the Board of Managers. 31 6th. Before entering upon the duties of his ofF.ce, he shall execute a bond, with two sureties, in the sum of not less than one thousand dollars, to the acceptance of the Board of Mana- gers, which acceptance shall be endorsed on the bond by at least sis of their number. The bond shall run to the Presi- dent and Directors, and to their successors in oflice, and be kept by the President. 7th. The Treasurer shall not hold any other office enum- erated in §§ 2, 3, 19, 20, and 21. , AMENDMENTS. § 27. These By-Laws, after the monthly meeting in May, 1856, shall not be suspended, amended, or repealed, except at an annual or monthly meeting of the Society, and by a two- thirds affirmative vote of all the members present, after six months' notice has been submitted in writing by two members. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS. The Society take great pleasure in acknowledging from Col. Lewis G. Moubis, Mount Fordliam, a copy of " Davy's Devon Herd Book." American Edition. Col. B. P. JoHNSox, Secretary New York State Agricultu- ral Society, " Transactions N. Y. State Agricultural Society," and Seeds. The CoiiMissiONEB OF Patents, " Patent Office Reports," and Seeds. Hon. Francis S. Edwards, M.C, a very large number of Public Documents, and Seeds. Hon. Reuben E. Fenton, M.C, several valuable Public Documents. Prof. Joseph Henry, Secretary, for a full set of " Reports of the Smithsonian Institution," to 1855. LETTERS FROM HONORARY MEMBERS OF THE SOCIETY. Agricultural Rooms, Albany, April 6th, 1857. John Maxley, Esq., Sec'y Cattaraugus Ag. Soc. It gives rae great pleasure to acknowledge the reception of your letter advising me of my election as an honorary member of the Cat- taraugus Agriciiltural and Horticultural Society. Kothiiig can be more grateful to me than the approbation of the fai-mers of New York, for whose benefit I have labored for many years, to the best of my ability; and tlie assurance of approbation by the respected So- ciety of Cattaraugus will ever be cherished by me with the liveliest emotions of gratitude. Be pleased to communicate to the Society .my Ijest thanks for the honor conferred, with an assurance that I. shall, to the best of my ability, aid them in the noble work in which they are engaged. For the kind manner in which you have conveyed the proceedings of the Society, I am greatly obliged. Very respectfully your ob't serv't, B. P. JOHNSON. 33 Mount Fordham, April 22d!, 1857. John Makley, Sec'y, Sfc, Little Valley. Dear Sir : — Your beautifully gotten up certiGcate electing me an honorary member of your Society, was duly received, as was also the very complimentary letter accompanying it. Please present for me, at your next meeting, my sincere acknowl- edgments; I only hope I may be deserving of a small portion of their high encomiums. 1 remain yours, very respectfully, L. G. MORRIS. Black Rock, April 1th, 1857. Dear Sir: — Your favor of 2d instant, accompanied by a certificate of honorary membership in the Cattaraugus County Agricultural and Horticultural Society, is received, with many thanks for the compli- mentary terms in which it is presented. I thank you for this unde- served appreciation of my humble merits and labors in a worthy cause. Be pleased to present my acknowledgments to your Board of Man- agers, and accept for yourself, personally, my best consideration. Very truly and respectfully your friend and ob't serv't, LEWIS F. ALLEN. John Manley, Esq., Secretary, ^-c, ifc. New York, April Uh, 1857. John Manley, Esq., Secretary. Dear Sir: — Your esteemed favor of the 4th inst., accompanying a certificate constituting me an honorary member of your Society, was duly received. Please accept for yourself and the Society you so ably represent my warmest thanks for the honor thus conferred, and my assurances of a hearty co-operation in your efforts to promote the interests of Horticulture and Agriculture. I remain yours, very truly, C. M. saxton. 3 84 F/rdimia, April 2ilk, 1857. John Manley, Esq. My Dear Sik: — I have the plonsnro of acknowledging through you as Secretary, &c., the rectiiifof a ccitificate constituting the under- signed an honorary member of the " Cattaraugus County Agricultu- ral and Horticultural Society." The favor, in my own mind, possesses a peculiar consequence from the fact that it originated from those who ■wore almost as strangers to each other. It was as beautiful as it was unexpected, and I shall ever cherish with feelings of more than kindly regard those who have been so earnest in its procurement. I fear I shall fail in meriting the good wishes of the numerous friends of agricultural science in your county, but such offerings as I may have are at your command. Please convey to the several officers of your Society my warmest assurances for their health and prosperity, and my grateful thanks for their beautiful compliment. Your obedient servant, F. S. EDWARDS. Frewsburg, July 23d, 1851. Dear Sir: — I owe you an apology for so long neglectmg to ac- knowledge your favor of April 8th, informing me of my election as an honorary member of the Cattaraugus County Agricultural and Horticultural Society. Tbe honor of being esteemed worthy of a place with the members of your Society, would seem to demand an immediate response; and while I have allowed pressing business engagements to occupy my mind to the neglect of this, I beg to assure you that 1 am not insen- sible to the honor conferred, uor wanting in grateful appreciation for the flattering terms you are pleased to employ in communicating the intelligence. I wish I had time to speak of the delights and advantages of that most noble of human pursuits, for the advancement of which your Society is founded. In all ages, among refined and civilized nations, the pursuit of agriculture has constituted a favorite theme for the best 35 and most exalted minds; and really, a people can furnish no stronger evidence of a high standard of domestic, moral, and intellectual worth than by the display of a general taste for rural occupation. Agri- culture may be said to be the foundation impulse of society; " it origi- nates and carries forward the civilization of our race ;" therefore, re- garded not only as the purest of pleasures and the greatest refresh- ment that labor can bestow on mind, it is an indication of a Nation's having attained the highest degree of freedom and refinement. Thus it is that the pursuit which stimulates you to associated efforts in its behalf, is worthy of the services, the favor, and the homage of all good men ; and believing that Societies formed upon the basis and with the objects of yours, are calculated to advance this great end, I cannot fail to view with pride and congratulation the effort to place your Society and the agricultural interests of your people in the front rank among the counties of the State. With best wishes for you and the Board of Managers personally, and the cause in which you are engaged, I have the honor to be, Yery respectfully, your obedient servant, R. B. FBNTON. John Manley, Esq., Secretary, Sfc. ABSTRACT OF TREASUKER'S REPORT CATTARAUGUS COUNTY for the ytar euHittg Itecemtber Slit, 18SO. Receipts: 501 Member's Tickets, at $1 $501 00 8 Life " " " $10 80 00 37 Peddler's " " $1" 37 00 4 Carriage " "2s 1 00 2,460 Single Admission Tickets, at Is 307 50 State appropriation 86 00 Rent of tent 40 00 Cloth and irons sold 9 66 Loans of Lorenzo Stratton 200 00 Total receipts for 1856 $1,262 16 Expenditures: Premiums of 1854 and 1855 $ 60 50 of 1856 286 75 Fence, yards, flag staffs and offices 550 00 Lease of Fair Grounds for 10 years and renewal .... 11 00 Blank books, stationery and printing 99 25 Annual Address and Indian Band 100 00 Hay and water for the Fair '. . . 22 20 Police service during the Fair 51 00 Repairing tent 48 07 Treasurer, Secretary, and assistants 27 50 Miscellaneous bills, and balance on hand at date 55 89 Total expenditures in 1856 $1,262 16 DANIEL BUCKLIN, Treasurer. LiTTl,i8 Valley, January 2, 1857. 37 Standard Weight of Grain and Vegetables of New York. [Chap. 660, Laws of 1867.] An Act to amend section thirty-six of title two of chapter nine- teen of part one of the Revised Statutes, relating to Weights and Measures, as amended by chapter three hundred and seventy-four of the laws of eighteen hundred and thirty-six. [Passed April 15, 1857.] The People of the State of Mew York, represented in Senate and Assembly, do enact as follows: Section 1. Section thirty-six of title two of chapter nineteen of pai-t first of the Revised Statutes, as amended by chapter three hundred and seventy-four of the laws of eighteen hundred and thirty-six, is hereby amended so as to read as follows: § 15. Whenever wheat, rye, Indian corn, buckwheat, bar- ley, oats, beans, peas, clover seed, timothy seed, flax seed, or potatoes shall be sold by the bushel, and no special agreement shall be made by the parties as to the mode of measuring, the bushel shall consist of 62 pounds of Beans, 60 H Wheat, Peas, Clover seed, or Potatoes, 58 It Indian Corn, 56 11 Rye, 55 H Flax Seed, 48 U Buckwheat, or Barley, 44 it Timothy Seed, and 32 t( Oats. 38 CATTARAUGUS COUNTY NEWSPAPERS. CATTARAUGUS REPUBLICAN: (DEMOCRATIC,) Published Weekly, at Ellicottville. Terms: $1.50 per annum. F. A. Saxton, Proprietor. CATTARAUGUS FREEMAN; (REPUBLICAN,) Published Weekly, at Elliottvill e. Terms: £1.50 per annum. Delos E. Sill, Proprietor. AMERICAN UNION; (AMERICAN,) Published Weekly, at Ellicottville. Teiuis: $1.50 per annum. Robert H. Shankland, Jb., Proprietor. RANDOLPH REPORTER; (DEMOCRATIC,) Published Weekly, at Randolph. Terus: $1.60 per annum. B. P. MoEEis, Proprietor. THE OLEAN ADVERTISER; (INDEPENDENT,) Published Weekly, at Oleaa. Terms: $1.60 per annum. James T. Henry, Proprietor. GOWANDA PHCENIX; (Now Suspended,) PUBLISHED AT GOWANDA. L. S. Morgan, Proprietor. 39 THE AMERICAN ELK DOMESTICATED. [From the Transactions of the State ^ricultural Society.] Mr. LoKENZO Steatton, of Little Vallej-, has been experi- menting for a few years past, with a view to test the practica- bility of domesticating Elk; and for this purpose enclosed a tract of very hilly land, well wooded, for ranging and brows- ing. His animals are so amiable that he has driven several of them to the three last Fairs of Cattaraugus County, with- out difSculty, where they attracted great attention. In answer to a note of inquiry, Mr. Steatton has kindly furnished the following interesting paper, and it is hoped that the sugges- tions it contains may attract attention. The success attending Mr. Stratton's experiments thus far, certainly argues well ibr more extended eiforts. (FROM CATTARAUGUS COUNTY REPORT.) Mr. John Manley : Dear Sir — I have received your letter, asking, as Secre- tary of the Cattaraugus County Agricultural and Horticultu- 40 ral Society, some statement in relation to my experience in domesticating the American Elk, or " Great Wapiti/' Deer. To commence at ihe beginning, I came in possession of my first pair in the spring of 1853, in the course of trade with the agents of a Western Pur Company, who h.^x .'.^ IH ■Hf^^^^^!: ~^^^M 1 '^^^^^^^''^^iP B pl| ^^^^Sr "' .^H ^ f mrb/1^ ( — f // I'ahUilied by JohnyUanJjqr, LilUe ValieyM \ ' /^/- c"^'^ PuhlishMhi J,lu,ii:;,-JaJ,7/Uchr/L, ^ Y/SS7 75 the river, and landing, they followed him to his house, which proved to be that of a settler by the name of Tome, well known in the early history of this section of country. At the suggestion of Tome, who offered to employ both the young men, the further prosecution of the voyage to Cincinnati was aban- doned, and the next day they went to work. Immediately upon the commencement of their labors, the brother of Mr. Fox was taken sick with typhoid fever, and confined for a period of eight weeks. The ex- penses of this sickness exhausted all the means of both of the brothers, and they even sold their clothes to discharge the liabilities incurred; and so severe did the burthen prove, that CHAUNCKy exchanged the last suit he had for an old suit of regimentals that had " seen the wars,'' for the sake of the difference received. In procuring a physi- cian, he was compelled to travel to EUicottville, the nearest point where one of these dignitaries resided, the distance being over thirty miles. The nearest physician was at this time in practice at EUicott- ville, and although a good physician and an honorable and benevolent man, was in the habit of looking closely to his worldly interest, and demanded pay in advance. To accomplish his purpose, Mr. Fox dis- posed of some necessary articles of clothing, procured the means, and secured the attendance and services of the doctor. Soon after the recovery of his brother, Mr. Fox came to Great Val- ley, and for several years was engaged at lumbering, in the employ of Fbaxcis Green and Judge Chamberlain'. Finding the labor too severe for his constitution, and feeling that the instincts of his mind and genius were not directed in the proper channel, he turned his attention to the study of the law. He commenced reading in the office of John A. Bryan, Esq., then the leading lawyer of the county, and in Janu- ar}', 1826, was admitted to practice in the Court of Common Pleas of the county, and was finally admitted as an Attorney in the Supreme Court, in January, 1833. From the period above mentioned, Mr. Fox has followed the profession of the law until after the passage of the Code, in 1848, when he retired to his farm in the neighborhood of ElUcottville, where he now resides, and is engaged in the peaceful oc- cupation of the agriculturalist. In his practice at the bar Mr. Fox was eminently successful. His strength was mainly as an advocate, and few men in the ranks of his profession possessed the power over a jury, and control over the minds of men, that he exhibited during his entire professional career. His 76 manner in speaking was earnest, energetic, and while indulging in few of the embellishments of oratory, he was gifted with a native eloquence that took deep hold of , the minds and feelings of his auditors. Aside from his professional career, Mr. Pox has been prominently con- nected with the politics of the County and State. His connection with the party that opposed the election of Gen. Jackson, and subsequently composed the Whig party of the countiy, gave him an opportunity of attaining the distinction to which the partiality of the people called him. In 1832 and 1833, he was elected to the Assembly from the County of Cattaraugus, and served through the sessions the following winters. In the fall of 1834, he was elected in the Eighth Senate District, a member of the State Senate, in the place of John Birdsall, resigned. In the fall of 1835, he was re-elected for the full term, and served until 1840, when his term expired. During his service in the Senate, many important questions affecting the interests of his constituents were be- fore that body, and on all occasions received from him a zealous and efficient support. He was mainly instrumental in securing the passage of the bill to construct the Genesee Valley Canal, and has lived to see that important work in successful operation. In 1833, while in the Assembly, he advocated and secured the pas- sage of a law taxing the debts of non-residents; and while in the Sen- ate in 1838, brought forward, and sustained almost alone, an Act tax- ing the lands of non-residents, for the support of roads and bridges. These two measures were of great importance to the interests of the county, and for many years had great influence upon its prosperity. In many of the towns a large revenue is still derived from non-resident landholders for the improvement of roads and bridges, and relieves the people of a heavy burthen in maintaining the avenues of travel in sparcely settled districts. Nor should the labors of Mr. Fox in behalf of the Jvew York and Erie Railroad be forgotten. As chairman of the Railroad Committee in the Senate, he rendered invaluable aid in securing the advancement of this great work; and to no one man in the Legislature during the progress of important bills in aid of the road through that body, are the people more indebted for its final success, than to Mr. Fox. It must be no small gratification to him to know that his services are properly appreciated. In the exciting political debates in that body he also took a promi- nent part, and maintained a high position among such men as Young c 9'-zV^7^t^ o^__^vr;^.*''&'/.-L^,irT)->^ rnhO.--luil InJnhi, Manli'y , l.ilUt Valla-, yilSS7. 77 Maynard, and Settaed, and others who from time to time were his as- sociates. He has also held various other political and official stations, by elec- tion from the people. He was nominated by his party as a candidate for delegate to the Constitutional Convention, in 1846, but declined to run. He has ever possessed a strong hold upon the affections of the people, and whenever a candidate for their suffrages he has run largely in advance of his ticket. In addition to his civil honors, he has somehow obtained the mili- tary title of " Colonel," but whether from a legitimate claun to the of- fice, as actually one of his " country's defenders," or from the fact of owning in his early years and wearing the above mentioned suit of regi- mentals, we are not advised; but be that as it may, he would do no discredit to the position if he were called upon to fill it now. Mr. Fox has succeeded in accumulating a handsome competence, and is now enjoying a hfe of retirement on one of the finest farms in the county. His taste is particularly gratified in raising stock, and al- though he may not boast of his " cattle on a thousand hills," his con- tribution of animals at the County Fairs is at once evidence of his success in this branch of agricultural industry, and his enterprise and liberaUty in an effort to improve this great and leading interest of our population. ALSON LEAYENWORTH, M. D. The subject of this sketch, Hon. Alson Leavenwokth, was born in the town of Woodbury, (near Roxboro',) Litchfield County, in the State of Connecticut, on the 12th day of October, 1188. In his boy- hood — as was the custom in the good old "land of steady habits" — he was sent to the common schools to receive that mental culture, to fit him for future usefulness, that the early New England school-mas- ters knew so well how to impart, and, when necessary, how to impress, upon the minds of the rising youths committed to their charge; and, at home, that careful moral training which can alone be imparted under the parental roof, and which seldom fails as the monitor to right through life. 78 During the summer seasons, young Leavenworth worked on the farm with his father and brothers, until he became of age; when he commenced the study of Medicine under experienced practitioners, and pursued his studies diligently until May, 1811; when, having success- fully passed the rigid examination pecuUar to the allopathic faculty, he was licensed to practice medicine and surgery in his native State. On the ITth October, 1811, Dr. Leavenworth married Miss Sally Canfield, of Woodbury, who has been his accomplished wife for the long period of forty-six years. In the course of his first year's profes- sional service in his native town, he became convinced that the mere study of books and ordinary practice did not qualify him to perform, with confident skUl, surgery in the varied forms in which cases were likely to occur. The necessary education in this most difficult branch of the medical profession could only be supplied at some medical col- lege, located in a large city, in connection with daily hospital practice. Now, there could be no difficulty in supplying this deficiency; for the novice in Litchfield County could take his seat in the cars of the Housatonic Railroad, and in four hours enter the portals of the Albany Medical College; in sixteen hours, via the N. Y. Central Rail- road, be received as a student in the medical department of the Uni- versity at Buffalo. This is true of 1851; but the time young Dr. Leavenworth thought of completing his education in Surgery was anru) 1812. Buffalo did not possess a village corporation; Albany was a small city; there was no Housatonic nor a N. Y. Central Rail- road — nor even an Erie Canal. The University of Pennsylvania, located in the City of Philadelphia — the then commercial metropoUs of the Union — ^presented the most eligible opportunity for young Leavenworth to perfect himself in his chosen profession; having am- ple daily hospital practice in medicine and surgery, the most eminent professors in its faculty, and easily accessible by the trading vessels that frequently visited that port. Accordingly, in the autumn of 1812, Dr. Leavenworth made the voyage to Philadelphia, and entered the University as a student. The Professors of the University, headed by Dr. Rush, were each eminent in the department of his professorship, and presenting a com- bined aiTay of learning, talent, and practical medical and surgical skill unsurpassed— justifying its distinguished reputation, and giving it the pre-eminence as the first Medical University on the continent. During his year of practice, he did not relax his studies of the best medical au- 79 thors; so that in attending the several "courses of lectures" at the University, and the hospital practice, he was enabled to make more rapid proficiency than the average of his 500 fellow students. It was the fortune of Dr. Leavenworth to be one of the class that attended the last course of lectures prepared and deUvered by the cele- brated Benjamin Rush, M.D., one of the Professors of the University, a distinguished revolutionary patriot, and a Signer of the Declaration OF Independence, as a delegate from Pennsylvania, in the Continental Congress. Graduating in the spring of 1813, Dr. Leavenworth returned to his home in Connecticut, and resumed the practice of his profession, and soon after received the appointment of Surgeon in the Connecticut line of militia, ordered into the service of the United States, in the war with Great Britain, 1812-14. But the well-known dispute between the authorities of the General Government and the State, regardmg the right of each to appoint the regimental and general officers to command the State Militia, when called into the service of the United States, prevented Dr. Leavenworth seeing active service under this appoint- ment. The State was undoubtedly right in its claim to officer its own militia — a right that the volunteer regiments in the late war with Mexico exercised, by electing their own officers. During the four or five years following the war of 1812-14, many of the young men of Connecticut turned their attention to the public lands granted to that State, by Congress, for her services during the Revolutionary War. These lands were in the State of Ohio, constituting a large territory in the northern portion of the State, and bordering on Lake Erie, and were reserved to the State of Connecticut, (as before observed,) embracing the district now familiarly known as the " Western Reserve," — then, as the " Connecticut Reserve." In the spring of 1818, Dr. Leavenworth decided to emigrate to that far-distant State. Accordingly a large covered wagon was prepared and fitted up with the household goods; a yoke of working oxen were purchased; the arrangements being all completed, the solemn (and final, as all believed,) leave-taking ended; in June, bidding farewell to the " land of steady habits," the long journey was began, and m four weeks the party arrived in the village of Batavia. There they halted to recruit their team and rest themselves after the fatigues of the slow, tedious journey. Reader, think of that journey of four weeks, with ox teams, that could now be performed in sixteen honrsl 80 While sojouruing at Batavia, Dr. Leavenwokth became acquainted with the agents of the Holland Land Company, by whom he was posted up in regard to the lands in Cattaraugus County. Meeting occasion- ally with persons who had settled there, and from their representations of the healthfulness of the climate, its unsurpassed, pure spring water, the good quality of the soil, and the great quantity of fine timber, he decided to go and examine for himself. After about a week's tedious journey, with the ox team, through the almost unbroken wilderness of "cold Cattaraugus," on the 25th of September they reached "the vil- lage" of ElUcottville, consisting of the "public square," thickly studded with the stumps of the recently fallen trees, the Land Office, a few log tenements, and a "hotel." To revert back, one would naturally sup- pose that the demand for a doctor and the prospect for a cornucopia were equally dubious! Not so, however; for the "ills that flesh is heir to" follow alike the back-woodsman, the villager, or the denizen of the crowded city; and it was not long before the doctor had patients — many, doubtless, severely taxing his patience without replenishing his garner, though extending his fame. As the settlers located here and there over the country. Dr. Leavenworth received calls as necessity demanded: sometimes near by, frequently a few miles off, quite often long distances; from whatever quarter came the summons, true to his tutelar divinity, (^sculapius,) the horse was saddled, the saddle-bags and axe prepared, and the doctor was off upon the rough journey of mercy, hope, and danger. In those days the axe was to the doctor a necessity to "spot trees" to find his way back, and when at the pa- tient's shanty or log house, to cut browse for his faithful horse, and not unfrequently to cut firewood for the inmates. The patient served — a hearty meal of mush or samp disposed of — the invalid's blessing — ^the doctor remounts and starts on his homeward journey, when he is met by messengers who require his attention in other directions; and after a few miles through the woods, strike an Indian trail, which is followed up the Little Valley Creek, over by the Drew gulf valley, till the sec- ond patient's house is reached — the sufferer's necessities attended to, the horse browsed, when a "bee line due north" is struck, and over hills and valleys goes the doctor, 20 miles, to a third patient, on the Cattaraugus Creek. A sound night's sleep on a hemlock brush bed, and in the morning taking the settler's trail, the doctor wends his way homeward, which he reaches at nightfall, after several days' absence. His practice extended from Kinzue and Corydon, in Pennsylvania, on 81 the South, to Collins, in Erie County, N. Y., North; among Indians as well as whites was he called to visit the sick. A doctor's life, in its best phase, is one not to be envied; but to one, like the venerable subject of this notice, who has performed laborious pioneer service, his memory, at least, should be held in grateful remem- brance. Doubtless the doctor's genial humor, and his inexhaustible fund of wit and anecdote, often served to alleviate (if not the antidote) the patient's sufferings. Dr. Leavenworth, as a physician, was often called to the perform- ance of difficult cases of sm'gery, which, at the present day, with the improved surgical instruments now in use, could be more easily accom- plished. A case of importance, (and the first one ever performed in the county,) was related to the writer of this notice, that required the amputation of a limb of a middle-aged Indian, residing upon the Alle- gany Reservation, which at once shows the ready resources of the doc- tor, and the unflinching nerve of his counseling friend and assistant in the operation, John Green, Esq. The Indian had suffered for several years with a lame knee, that finally became so dangerous as to threaten his life; when his condition became known to the Quakers residing at the Quaker Mission, near the southern end of the Reservation, these benevolent Friends applied to Dr. Leavenworth for medical advice, who, upon examination, decid- ed that amputation was absolutely necessary to save his life. Accord- ingly the doctor made (from necessity) his surgical instruments from a carpenter's chest of tools, . and the following day, assisted by John Green, Esq., and another resident of Great Yalley, amputated the poor Indian's leg. As the doctor began his work, the latter assistant fainted. Green made a brisk application of sole leather upon his nether person, and he speedily revived and left, when the doctor, assisted by Green, successfully accomplished the painful task, and the Indian so far regained his health and strength as to live to a good old age. A friend relates a good anecdote of the doctor, that shows self-reli- ance on his part, as well as it illustrates the old saw, that "in a multi- tude of doctors there is danger." The doctor was taken suddenly and violently sick, and of course otherdoctors volunteered their offices; but the doctor sent for his old personal and valued friend, Samuel Ewing, Esq., to whom he stated his case, prepared a written "prescription," and told him that, from the nature and situation of his disease, he feared that he might become deranged; "but," said the doctor, "let 6 82 the disease run as it may, I charge you to follow my prescription to the letter, and at all events keep the doctors away !" Besides his multifarious cures as a physician. Judge Leavenworth has held various public ofiBces, and served his fellow citizens in any ca- pacity where they deemed his services useful. On the 25th of Janu- ary, 1823, he was appointed First Judge of the County Courts of Cat- taraugus County, which office he continued to hold until February 15, 1833, when he was succeeded by Hon. Benjamin Chamberlain. Al- though not educated to the bar, and having but slight knowledge of law as a science, he brought to the performance of his duties a large fund of common sense, an intuitive perception of legal principles, and a deep appreciation of the equitable obligations and duties of the citizen in all his varied relations. With an integrity above suspicion, and be- yond the reach of all extraneous influences, he held the scales of justice with an even hand, and parties and suitors in his Com-t seldom had oc- casion to appeal from his decisions, or complain of his administration of the law. His intercourse with the bar was always pleasant and famil- iar, and while he presided in his Court with a spirit of kindness, and a familiar and unrestrained bearing and manner, the innate integrity and dignity of his character was reflected upon his office, and commanded the respect of all who had occasion to appear before him in his official character. He has also held the office of Supervisor of the towns of Coldspring and Isew Albion; a Commissioner to superintend the erection of the County buildings at Ellicottville; Commissioner of Loans; and a Commissioner to lay out public roads on the Indian Reservation, and various other positions, of which we have no data. In all these various public trusts he has maintained a course of sterling honesty that has never been im- peached, and we are not aware that a charge of official delinquency of any sort has ever been made against him. He has brought to the discharge of official trusts the same principles of action that governed his conduct in private life, and has ever acted upon' the rule, that dis- honesty and craft, in poUtical aifairs and public stations, was no more to be tolerated than knavery in affairs of business, or his social rela- tions. Judge Leavenworth has participated to a considerable extent m the public enterprises of the county. "We may mention with propriety his exertions in procuring from the Holland Land Company a reduction on the price of the lands, and an entire surrender of the accumulated rnbhshrii hy J.thit itaHjt'\ , htitlr I alley .1 ,i. /,'?^V. 83 interest on land contracts, held by the Company against the early set- tlers. This measure was of vast importance to the settlers, and gaye an immediate impulse to the population of the county, a fact probably not well understood now, bat was and is appreciated by the pioneers of the county. The Judge was one of the original projectors of, and a liberal contriljutor to the fund for the erection of the Randolph Academy. Judge Leavexworth, by diligence, liberal economy, and judicious in- Testmeuts, is in possession of a competency; and long may he live to enjoy the fruits of his well-filled cornucopia! Whoever has traveled on the Xew York and Erie Railroad, has, of course, as the cars swept around the crescent at Cattaraugus Station, noticed the elegant brick mansion resting on the southern edge of a hundred acres of table land, forming the handsomest plateau on the line of the road. That is the homestead of Judge Leayexwoeth; there he enjoys life, pets his fine herd, hospitably entertains his friends; can tsU many a pleasant anecdote of the early pioneer life in the county; and there, as elsewhere, in his green old age, perhaps no man in the county is more sincerely esteemed. STALET KICHOLS CLARKE. The real value to society of an individual member consists not so much in his exhibition of those shining powers of intellect which com- pel our admiration, as in the daily manifestation of those more attrac- tive qualities of heart which win our confidence and love. Great abilities assuredly have their uses, and when their destiny is properly unfolded, the world is a gainer by their existence, and a loser by their decay. But the virtues of charity, largeness of soul, and an ever- actuating sympathy for and with one's kind, are essential elements in every pleasure. The great die and are buried. The good are buried but never die, for their souls are so inwrought mto the lives of those around them, that the aggregate existence of the community is, to some extent, a continuous and permanent embodiment of their character. Their names may not live upon the lips of men, but the actual effects 84 of their influence and example descend from generation to generation, a precious and perpetual inheritance of strenuous, but unobtrusive virtue. The man, therefore, who unites goodness of heart with intellectual ability, has a claim upon our esteem while living, and upon our affec- tionate remembrance when dead, which, for the honor of our race, we should never disregard. It is a worthy, and should be a pleasurable task, for each to contribute his share, however slight, towards a prop- er recognition of the value of such a character. It is with a feeling akin to this, that the present sketch of one more thoroughly identified than any other with the history and prosperity of our county, is under- taken. Staley Nichols Clarke was born in Prince George's County, in the State of Maryland, on the 29th day of May, 1794. At the age of twenty-one he emigrated to Western New York, and began his career in life as a clerk in the Bank of Niagara, at Buffalo. In 1819 Mr. Clarke removed to Batavia, where he was employed as a clerk in the office of the Holland Land Company until January, 1822, when he took charge of the office of the Company at Ellicottville as their agent. The County of Cattaraugus was then a comparative wilderness, whose aboriginal beauty of hill and valley, of heavy forest and unob- structed water-courses, had suffered but little waste from the hands of men. Olean, from its situation on the Allegany River, was even then a place of considerable consequence. The surface of the county was dotted here and there with an occasional clearing, but in general nature reigned in undisputed sway. Even Ellicottville was closely environed by forests; it was a mere island in an ocean of verdure. The settlers were necessarily poor. Like all who immigrate to un- settled territory, they came, to a great extent, destitute, either driven by necessity or impelled by enterprise. With no capital, but stout hearts and hands willing to toil, it was no hght task to grapple at once with the exigencies of debt and the stern hardships of backwoods life. Separated by an almost impassable distance from home and birth-place, in the heart of a wilderness, invulnerable to aught but endless toil; cut off from all but occasional communication with the friends they had left behind, and provided with but scanty means to meet an accumulat- ing indebtedness, it would not have been surprising if even their iron nerves had yielded to the crushing burden of their lot, and repudiated the ungrateful task of redeeming an unwilling soil. But they were not 85 the men to repine or succumb. Their work was before them, and they did it well. To their spirit amidst discouragements, to their hope amidst reverses, to their fortitude in trial, to their determined and per- sistent energy at all times, we, whose comforts are the fruits of their privations — whose labors are lightened by their toil — whose possessions are enriched by their exertions, are under an obligation which we do not appreciate, and cannot discharge. To these hardy pioneers the advent of Mr. Clarke was an inestima- ble blessing. Their scanty crops, wrung v,'ith strenuous and painful effort from a reluctant soil, barely sufficed to meet their immediate wants, and afforded but meagre encouragement of means for liquidat- ing the claim of the landlord. In him, however, their embarrassments found a ready appreciation. Gifted with that true generosity of heart which constitutes the only genuine nobility, those in need of kindness and indulgence met from him not the oppression of the task-master, but the sympathy and encouragement of a friend. His fidelity to those who employed him was scrupulous and unquestioned; but to lend a willing ear and a helping hand to the appeal made by penury and dis- tress he has ever regarded as a duty paramount to all, and imposed upon him by the very fact of his manhood. Those who have experi- enced kindness at his hands, and their name is legion, will bear testi- mony to the assertion that in no case of actual need was an applica- tion for lenity or kindness ever made in vain. Many of these objects of his beneficence are now living, rich in the enjoyment of this world's goods, in herds of cattle and acres of cultivated land, but neither age nor prosperity has dimmed their gratitude for the kindness he has shown them in their hour of need. The confidence and affection with which he was regarded led to his election as County Treasurer in 1824, an office which he continued, to fill through a period of seventeen years. In November, 1840, he was elected to Congress, where he served his constituents during his term of office. Since then he has filled no public place. Though deeply interested in all that concerns the welfare of the country, he has no craving for the stormy and unsubstantial excitement of political war- fare, and readily yielded his place to more ambitious men. Mr. Clarke was married in October, 1816, and has raised a family of eleven childi-en. Sorrow and death, from whose melancholy visi- tation none are exempt, have cast their unwelcome shadows across his threshold. His estimable wife, with whom time has dealt so tenderly through life togetlier. They have seen the young grow old, and chil- dren ripen into maturity around them. They have lived to witness changes, such as in an earlier age men Avould have called miracles, and ascribed to the gods. They have seen a wilderness transformed from a luxuriant waste, and made to bloom and blossom as the rose. They have beheld villages shooting up around them into flourishing cen- tres of enterjirise and intelligence. And more than all, they have lived in an abundant exi)ericnce of the daily blessings which acts of sympa- thy and kindness, even in this world, shower upon him vdio performs them. For him who has thus lived, the future can have no terrors. Plappy in the enjoyment of his family, in the consciousness of not having lived in vain, and in the affectionate regard in which all hold him, it would be strange indeed if old age were not to him the sunny side of existr ence; and there are none who will not join in the expression of a prayer that his hfe may be long preserved, as fraitful a source of unclouded en- joyment to himself as it has proved prolific of benefit and happiness to others. FRANCIS SMITH EDWARDS. It is given to but few men to attain high position in social and po- litical life before reaching the meridian of manhood. The history of Mr. EnwARns fm-nishes one of these few instances, whore pubhc confidence and favor are promptly bestowu in appreciation of merit. Mr. EnwAnns was the second sou of JosErii and Abigail Edwards, and born at Norwich, in the State of Connecticut, May 28, 1818; and is consequently now iu the fortieth year of his age. He originates from families strongly imbued with lioroie patriotism. His grandfather on the maternal side was Captain SAiruEi- Buel, an active and promi- nent hero of the Revolution. His grandfather on the paternal side was also a soldier of the Revolution, and likewise engaged in the public I'nfiltxiiid hy .Inhii Maiilry J.iiiir I'lt/Zri X.)' /,■;. 87 service in the French War, having been present at the taking of Que- bec, and assisted in carrying from the field the gallant dying General Wolfe. The father of our subject, who was a farmer by occupation, emi- grated from Connecticut while the latter was an infant, and settled at Windsor, Broome County, N. Y., where he engaged in the lumbering business, and prosecuted it extensively about five years, after which he removed to North Norwich, Chenango County, and purchased a farm of two hundred acres, on which he resided about twenty years, and then removed to Wisconsin, where he died in the year 1852. The son lived under the paternal roof until 1834, having been meanwhile a diligent student with books in and out of school, save while assisting his father in the labors of the farm. At this period, at the age of six- teen, young Edwards entered the Hamilton Seminary, now Hamilton University, at Hamilton, where he remained three years in close study of the English branches and the classics. In the spring of 1837, he commenced the study of the law in the office of Messrs. Wait and Cook, at Norwich, the former a distin- guished member of the bar in that section of the State. After a thor- ough study of three years, he was admitted to practice in all the vari- ous courts of the State, at the May Term of the Supreme Court in the City of New York, when an examination, memorable for its rigid severity of trial, was had under the express injunctions of the Chief Justice presiding, who appointed for examiners the following distin- guished men, then or thereafter known as Judges Strong, of Tioga, Edwards, of New York, and Hon. Mr. Kirkland, of TJtica. It is sufficient to say, to show how thorough and unrelaxing was this ex- amination, that but twenty of the class of seventy proposed passed successfully through this ordeal, which occupied eleven hours in sittings continued two days. Thus honorably passed upon, Mr. Edwards immediately opened a law office at Sherburne, Chenango County, where he prosecuted a successful business for the term of four years. Meanwhile, he was twice elected to the ofiice of Justice of the Peace. So satisfactorily had he discharged the duties of the office during the first term, that on the latter occasion he succeeded as tlio onlyjcandidate on his ticket. It was v.-hilc residing here also, that he entered the matrimonial state, and in October, 1840, was married to Miss Julia S. White, (daughter of the late Squire White, M. D., of Fredonia,) by whom he subse- 88 quently had two children. In 1841, he was appointed a Master in Chancery for the County of Chenango, by nomination of Governor Sewakd and confirmation of the Senate, and held the office till his re- moval from the county. In the autumn of 1844, Mi*. Edwards removed to the City of Al- bany, where he entered upon an extensive practice in his profession, in connection with his brother-in-law, Wsi. D. White, Esq. He re- mained in Albany until April, 1851, when he removed to Fredonia, (the native home of his wife, and the place of residence of her father and numerous kindred,) and commenced practice in his profession in company with Messrs. P. S. Cottle and S. Snow. In this firm he continued one year, when the partnership was changed to Cotti.e & Edwards, and so continued, extensively patronised, until November, 1855. In 1852, Mr. Edwards was elected on the Whig ticket, to which he was unanimously nominated, as Special Surrogate of the County of Chautauque, for the term of three years. The duties of this office, apart from those when acting as substitute for the Surro- gate, are the same as those devolved upon the Justices of the Supreme Court and County Judge at Chambers, and it is i^roper to say, that they were discharged with fideUty by him durmg his term. From early life, Mr. Edwards has been an ardent politician, in the original sense of the term before becoming charged with derogatory signification. He early embraced the doctrines of the Whig party, as taught by Clay and Webster, and always acted in sympathy with the conservative Whigs, until the commencement of the American movement, which at once enlisted his sympathies and secured his bold and efficient advocacy, as it did the approbation and support of the conservative Whigs generally throughout the Union. AVithout going into a history of the canvass for member of Congress in his district (composed of Cattaraugus and Chautauque) during the fall of 1854, full of events complicating that interesting and exciting contest, it is sufficient to say, that Mr. Edwards was nominated as a candidate by the American party, acting independently, in a secret convention held at Dunkirk, on the Wednesday evening preceding the election; that he was present at that convention, and twice declined the nomination, but on the third tendey of the position, accepted it only under a view of the necessity which required an exposed champion and leader for the new party, who in the then aspect of the canvass was in all pro- bability to be made a martyr by the other parties, leavmg scarce a 89 hope of the alternative result of coming out a successful hero; and that, contrary to all expectation, until the blunders of the combined opposition had opened the matter to doubt on the day preceding the election, he was elected by a heavy majority over all others. Mr. Edwards took his seat in the United States House of Repre- sentatives in December, 1855. The first session of the Thirty-fourth Congress, to which he had been thus elected on the American issues, was made, by what he and his political friends regarded unnatural diversions of one sort or another, one of the most exciting and painfully interesting in the history of the Government; and the second was little behind the first in attracting the anxious attention of the people, save that the novelties of a bitter sectional agitation had then become ordinary ap- pearances, and the pubhc mind was turning toward the ensuing Presi- dential election. The first Session was made memorable by the tedious and exciting contest for the Speakership. It was during this contest, which, to a certain extent, was unfairly made a struggle between the two sections of the country nominally dividing on Mason & Dixon's line, but really separating and subdividing without reference to geographical lines, on other bases, tliat the course of Mr. Edwards became of great embar- rassment. Himself altogether opposed to sectional agitation of what- ever origin, and bent on giving prominence on aU occasions to the questions on which he was elected, it was not strange that he should favor, during several weeks of contest, the election of some Northern man not so closely identified with sectionalism as was Mr. Banks, and that he should afterward, on coming to the conclusion that the organ- ization of the House could be secured in no other way, give his sup- port to Mr. Banks, for that end, and for the reason, also, that Mr. Banks solemnly pledged himself to the maintenance of American Prin- ciples. In all his votes on the ballots for Speaker, on the Whitfield contest- ed election case, on the Topeka Constitution, and the restricting sec- tion in the Appropriation Bills, and in all matters of similar character, Mr. Edwards deferred to what appeared to be the will of his constitu- ents, inasmuch as he felt it to be the duty of the Representative to truly reflect the views and feelings of the people of his district in his official conduct, though it might sometimes require the sacrifice of his own personal opinions. In his speeches he also endeavored to give 90 to the Honse and the country a faithful expression of the sentiments and wishes prevailing at the time among his constituency. The same rule of conduct, imposing obedience to popular will when definitely expressed, was permitted to govern him in all his ac- tion at the Second Session. It is unnecessary to go into detail as to his votes or speeches on different subjects. It is believed that all of the important votes given by him were satisfactory to the great ma- jority of his constituents, and that his speeches truly reflected their sentiments. The illness of his wife, which commenced soon after the first assumption of his Congressional duties, and, ere long, signified the slow, but certain fate of the consumptive, served to distract his mind, and embarrass him in the performance of bis official labors. It was while absent from Washington, on a visit to the beloved partner of his bosom, an idol of his early and constant manly worship, wast- ing away without the most distant expectation of recovery to tempt to resort to the consolations of hopeful anticipations, that some im- portant votes in Congress were taken. This cloud, dark with im- pending calamity the most distressing man can feel, hung over him throughout the first Session. It finally burst upon him soon after the adjournment. Mrs. Edwards expired on the 14th September of that year — 1856. Just before the close of the Thirty-Fourth Congress, to which Mr. Edwards was elected, he resigned his seat. He felt that it was alike due to himself and his constituents, that he should take this step. He knew, better than all others, that he had been unjustly charged with corrupt conduct in reference to the bill granting Public Lands to aid in constructing Railroads in the Territory of Minnesota; that he had been most unfairly tried before a secret inquisition ; and that he could not re-open that trial before the House, which, notwithstanding, was to pass upon his case summarily, with party and personal interests, without any future responsibilities to restrain their conduct thereon, also combined with an ex-parte attack against him. It is very proper here to say, that while the bill in question was represented to be tainted with corruption, it passed the Senate nearly unanimously, and also through the House, where it received the votes of at least two of the Corruption Investigating Committee, by a very heavy majority, after the whole affair had been gone through with. It is due to Mr. Edwards also to say, that he has in his possession a document, signed by one hundred and sixty-nine fellow Representa- I'lihlishnt hy John Uaiilcf . hUtlx- i ti/M'i- .\ y. I H.77 . 91 tives, not only testifying to his honorable conduct generally, in and out of the House, but solemnly declaring their belief of his entire inno- cence of all the charges brought against him. This triumphant acquit- tal by the House itself in one sense, as it includes the signatures, in the proper hand of each member, of more than two-thirds of that body, is but a just award, while it is a most gratifying result to himself and his district. It is but just to say further of Mr. Edwards, that he has made a deep impression on his district, in moulding popular sentiment on the great questions of the day. He has written much and spoken more that will serve to influence political action throughout his district for a long time to come, and be attended, as his friends believe, with very salutary results. REUBEN EATON FENTON. The subject of the present memoir, Hon. Reubek Eaton Fenton, was bom vr what now is the town of Carroll, County of Chautauque, and State ' New York, on the 4th day of July, 1819, and is now thirty-eight ars of age. His early years did not devclope any very striking peculiarities, if we except his strong desire and constant en- deavor to excel his associates while attending the common school, at which institution he received the greater part of those business qualifi- cations and that practical education which has rendered him successful in all the active transactions of his after-life. He, like most other boys, the sons of the hardy pioneers of Western New York, endured many hardships and privations, spending the most of his time till he was fifteen years of age, except a few months in the year while attending the winter schools, at hard work upon his father's farm. In the years of 1834-5 he attended, in its incipient state, " College Hill Academy," an institution that has since expanded into the " Farm- er's College," one of the first institutions of learning in Ohio. His progress and proficiency while at "College Hill," or "Pleasant Hill," as it was then called, were such as to receive from his teachers the 92 highest encomiums. Leaving "Pleasant Hill," he spent a brief period in the year 1836 or 1837 at the "Predonia Academy," in his native county, but his health failing, he left this institution. This constitutes the whole of his educational privileges. Mr. Fentox early evinced more than an ordinary penchant to min- gle in the exciting scenes of the political arena, and at the village club or evening debate was usually a successful speaker, and while quite young discovered much speaking talent. Regaining his health some- what, he entered in 1838 the law office of Joseph and Franklin H. Waite, Esqrs., in the village of Jamestown, and remained for nearly a year; more, however, with a view of becoming qualified for those ac- tive business transactions in which he was about to engage, and becom- ing familiar with those principles and jbrms of law with which every business man should acquaint himself, than with any intention of pur- suing the profession of law as an occupation. In the yiar 1840 he commenced those successful operations in the lumber trade which have since rendered his name a household word among lumbermen, from the head-waters of the Allegany to the mouth of the Ohio; having also engaged, the year previous, in the mercantile business in the village of Frewsburg, in Chautauque County, being then twenty years of age. Xo memorandum of the active and eventful life of Col. Fenton could be complete, without an allusion to his extensive and uniformly successful transactions in this branch of his business. Commencing, as we have said, in 1840 on a small scale, and owing to the failure and inability to assist him of those on whom under other circumstances he might have leaned for aid, with a very small capital he has gradually extended and enlarged his operations, until he is now numbered among the most extensive lumber dealers whose rich and valuable products float annually down the endless maze of our beauti- ful Western rivers. His uniform and we may say never-failing success has become proverbial with lumbermen; it has been by them attribu- ted to his "good luck." It is often facetiously remarked that "it is imposdble for his property to be injured, because he is so lucky." This, however, is not the secret of his success, either in business or in the political arena. One of the principal characteristics of Mr. Fen- Tox's career is untiring sleepless vigilance and personal attention to all the details of his Irasiness; never trusting anything to others that it is possible to do himself, and never putting off till to-morrow what ought ■ to be done to-day. This personal care and superintendence of his 93 affairs, and promptness to execute at the right time, more than any favoritism of dame fortune, is the cause of his uniform success in Idusi- ness and politics so far in life. In 1843, being then twenty-four )'ear3 of age, he was elected with much unanimity Supervisor of the town of Carroll, in Chautauque County, and remained for the eight succeeding years a member of that body, and for three of those years was chosen Chairman of that Board. This fact, at a time when Chautauque was strongly adverse to the po- litical party to which Mr. Fenton had attached himself, gave early evidence of that growing popularity with the people that has since enabled him to measure swords successfully with some of the oldest veterans among his political opponents in the Thirty-third Congressional District. His course as a County Legislator was marked with much ability, there developing those qualifications which afterwards rendered him distinguished in the National Legislature. In 1849, Col. Fenton received the nomination for Assembly in the Eastern District of Chautauque, by the Democratic party, against the Whig candidate, Maj. Samuel Barrett, of Jamestown. The Whig majority in that county and district was then strong, Chautauque at that time being the banner Whig County in the State. The contest was close and animated. Mr. Fenton was beaten in the district by only 21 votes, many of his friends claiming that if the canvass had been perfectly fair, he would have distanced his competitor. Be that as it may, the result broke that prestige of success that had for years ren- dered the Whig party invincible in Chautauque. The Democratic party of his Congressional district, becoming satis- fied that, added to his other qualifications, he possessed that of run- ning well, in 1850 gave him the nomination for Congress, in opposition to Hon. F. S. Martix, of Olean. This nomination Mr. Fenton de- clined, Hon. F. H. W^aite, of Jamestown, being substituted. In 1852, Col. Fexton received and accepted from the Democratic party the nomination for Congress against Hon. G. A. S. Crooker, of Cattaraugus. This was a very exciting canvass. Mr. Ckooker was a Whig lawyer, possessed of brilliant speaking talents, which he exerted to the utmost. In a district so strongly Whig in politics, it seemed a wild adventure for a young man, a leading Democrat, to enter the lists, with any prospect of success ; but Mr. Penton entered the can- vass with his usual vigilance and laborious determination to succeed, with entire confidence that he should come out triumphant. After one 94 of the hardest contested battles ever fought in the district, Mr. Fen- Tox was declared elected with an official majority of 56 votes. AVith the career of Col. Fenton, in the famous Thirty-third Congress, all are familiar. Elected as a Democrat, with known Free Soil tenden- cies, and equally well known Free Soil antecedents, he entered that Congress an ardent and enthusiastic supporter of the Administration of Franklix Pierce, under the solemn assurance from the National Con- vention of that party, that assembled at Baltimore in 1852, that the "subject of Slavery should not be agitated in Congress or out of Con- gress," and by the equally strong pledges of non-agitation by the Dem- ocratic party in Mr. Pierce's Inaugural Message. But he had not long held a seat in that body before it became appa- rent that a submission to neio demands of the slave power, involving no less a sacrifice than the repeal of the Missouri Compromise, that an- cient and honorable barrier to the northwardly spread of African Sla- very, was to become a test of Democratic church-membership. The Nebraska Bill was very soon introduced into that Congress, and was at once adopted by the President, as a leading measure of his administra- tion ; and it was of course supported by all who desired or expected to retain their position in the party. At this juncture. Col. Fenton, though enjoying to a flattering de- gree the confidence and esteem of the President and his Cabinet, broke away from his life-long associations, and ardently espoused the cause of Freedom, which had been jeopardized by what he believed to be the unfaithful course of the administration. During the remainder of his term in Congress with Senators Foote and Seward, Pbeston King, Charles Hughes, Daniel Mace, N. P. Banks, and many others, he became a leading spirit in the formation of the Republican party. His untiring assiduities and attention to their wants, and the busi- ness intrusted to his care by his constituents, at once placed him in the front rank of the working members of that Congress. He received a place upon the Committee on Commerce, at that time -second to no other, save perhaps the Committee of Ways and Means, in the impor- tance of its duties. His ofiScient labors on that Committee gave him at once a prominent position before the country, and he received many well-deserved compliments for his tact and laborious attention to all the detaOs of their duties. This Committee reported the bills to tTie House of Representatives, which carried into successful operation the celebrated "Reciprocity 95 Treaty " with the Canadian GoTernment, by which the area of free trade and commerce has been extended over nearly the entire North American Continent. Mr. Fextox was very successful in his efforts to procure the just demands of the old soldiers and their widows for pen- sions, bounty lands, &c. His speeches in Congress on the Nebraska Bill — in opposition to the bill of Mr. Olds, to change and increase the Rates of Po.stage — in favor of River and Harbor Improvements — and in favor of the bill to Extend Invalid Pensions, were all able efforts, and were almost universally endorsed by his constituents. His elo- quent and fearless speech against the Nebraska Bill, in which he had occasion to measure weapons with Gov. Smith, of Virginia, was one of the first demonstrations that was made by a Northern Democrat against that measure. In the fall of 1854, a successor to Mr. Penton was to be chosen; he had come to the conclusion only in a certain event, dependant upon the action of the Whig Congressional Convention, to become a candi- date for re-election. It was very uncprtain who would receive the nomination of the Whig Convention. In the event of their nomina- tion of one who had been Mr. Fexton's most bitter opposer, and who was considered their strongest man, he had given his friends assurance that he would again enter the canvass and try titles with his rival. The action of the Democratic Convention was delayed for several weeks while the Whigs were deliberating upon a candidate. They at length succeeded in nominating Hon. G. W. Patteeson, of Chautauquc. The Democratic Convention then assembled and nomi- nated Col. Fenton by acclamation. This nomination he declined; his business, which had been neglected, demanded his personal attention; besides, the politics of the district was not then so much Whig and Democratic as it was Nebraska and Anti-Nebraska, and the nomina- tion of Mr. Patteuson, a reliable Anti-Nebraska man, had removed the only inducement to Mr. FE^^^0N to again enter a political canvass. The Democratic Convention then put in nomination Hon. W. P. An'gel, of EUicottville; thus the Anti-Nebraska party seemed sure of a member in any event. But it was during this campaign the wild storm of Americanism burst upon this section of the State, and swept with irresistible fury over this district. Before the election, it became apparent that this secret Order did not intend to support either of the then nominees for Congress, and it was also apparent that they held within their organization a majority 96 over either the Democratic or Whig parties. Two days before the election some of the leading friends of each of the nominees held a con- sultation, and came to the conclusion that their only hope of success against the Avar of Americanism that was sweeping past, lay in the withdrawal of both the "Whig and Democratic candidates, and a union upon some new candidate. Mr. Fextox, at that late hour in the canvass, much against his judgment and advice, reluctantly consented to enter the fight as the " People's Candidate," against Hon. F. S. Edwards, who had been nominated in secret, by the Americans. There being but two nights and one day in which to work before election, and a cold drizzling rain setting in and continuing during the whole time, the people, being but half informed of the causes of the change of candidates, became confus- ed and suspicious, and went over by scores to the Americans ; the re- sult, as might have been expected, was disastrous, Mr. Edwards beat- ing him some fourteen hundred votes. But this defeat, instead of weakening his popularity with the masses, seemed only to strengthen him. He remained unscathed amid the seeming ruin. Though defeated by one of those uncontrollable and unaccountable risings of the masses that will at times sweep over a country controlled by the popular suffrages of the people, to redress real or imaginary wrongs — still, though he received the blow, it was evident it was not aimed at him, but the people of his district hastened with alacrity to bind up the wounds which they could not avoid in- flicting. Two years had not elapsed, ere it was evident that with singular unanimity the popular mind pointed to him as Mr. Edwards' successor. Mr. Fexton did not, as his enemies expected, sink under the blow, or curse the hand that dealt it. In the summer of 1856, the Presidential canvass opened with great bitterness and excitement. Col. Fenton had been a delegate to the National Pittsburgh Convention, that was presided over by Francis P. Blair, and was also a delegate to and member of the National Re- publican Convention, that assembled at Philadelphia, on the 17 th of June in that year, and which put in nomination for the Presidency, Col. JoHX C. Fremont. He participated actively in that exciting and memorable contest. He was himself unanimously nominated in September by the Republi- can Congressional Convention. He was opposed again by Hon. F. S. 97 Edwards, as the American, and Hon. C. J. Allen, as the Democratic candidates for the same office. Never was a fiercer battle fought in the old Thirty-third District. The canvass was exceedingly bitter and vii-ulent on the part of the Americans; particularly against Mr. Fen- ton in Chautauque County. But he came out of the canvass bearing upon his shoulders the unprecedented majority over Mr. Edwards of eight thousand six hundred and ten, and a majority over both compet- itors of over five thousand. During all these political conflicts, the fiercest and among the most memorable in the political history of the State, and the formation of new organizations, which resulted in the association together of those who had once been politically opposed — "the gain of enemies and the loss of friends" — his feelings were never so embittered as to prevent those polite interchanges of gentlemanly intercourse and regard with the most bitter and virulent of his opponents; this, too, perhaps, when his presence to them was almost intolerable, while he, perfectly cogni- zant of this fact, could address them with the most affable smile, as if their mutual relations had never been distrusted or out of harmony. It requires no affectation on his part to thus deport himself; it is the impress of an open and frank disposition and a natural generosity of bearing; a consciousness of his own strength and the justice of the cause he espouses, and the rectitude of his acts. And while he is not averse to an honorable subjugation of his enemies or opponents, no one perhaps is more magnanimous and generous in his triumphs. As Mr. Fenton's political Ufe has been by far the most eventful and stirring, we have dwelt at greater length upon that portion of his ca- reer. But neither the extensive business operations that have engaged his attention, or the exciting poUtical scenes through which he has passed, have precluded him from devoting a share of his time to the more quiet and peaceful avocation of Uterary and agricultural research. The noble science of agriculture has engaged much of his time dur- ing the hours of relaxation from business, and those who have heard or read his agricultural addresses— finished literary productions — will not fail to perceive that this ennobling art has engrossed a due share of his attention and study. Of his benevolence as a private citizen, and bis many acts of per- sonal and public liberality, we may with propriety pass over in silence; they will form a more fitting theme of comment and future sketch when the subject of them shall have passed from active life. 1 98 Col. Fexton is still in the prime of life and in the noon-tide of his usefulness. He has a fine figure, a commanding appearance; as a pub- lic speaker he is fluent, extemporaneous, effective, and often eloquent; and were it not for the small compass of his voice, would always be listened to with riveted attention, whether addressing a select audience in the lecture room or the excited swaying masses of an out-door po- litical assembly. We know not that he has any aspirations for further political pre- ferment; but if he acts wisely, honestly, and fearlessly in the. great struggles through which he is to pass in the present Congress, taking the dictates of conscience, the admonitions of enlightened humanity, and the demands of the mass of the people composing his constituency as his guide, we can but predict for him a more brilliant and exalted future than has been his past. CIVIL LIST OF CATTARAUGUS COUNTY. Cattaraugus County was, by an Act of the Legislature of New York, passed March 11, 1808, taken from the territory of the then County of Genesee, and erected into an independent county, with its boundaries fixed as they exist at the present time; but its political organization was not effected until March 28, 1817. Prior to the latter date, the west part of the county was attached to Niagara, and the east part to Alle- gany County, for judicial purposes. Hon. Timothy H. Portee, First Judge, and Hon's Francis Green, Ashbel Freeman, James Brooks, and William Price, Associate Judges, constituted the " Court of Common Pleas and General Sessions of the Peace," for the County of Cattaraugus. The first Court was held in Clean, in July, 1817, in pursuance of the following order : Whereas, an Act of the Legislature of the State of New York, for organizing the County of Cattaraugus, passed March 28th, 1817, has made it a duty of the Judges for the time being to appoint a place for holding the Courts of Common Pleas and General Sessions of the Peace, in and for said county: Therefore, we, Francis Green, Ashbel Freeman, and James Brooks, Judges of the Court of Common Pleas, in and for the county aforesaid, convened at the house of William Baker, in the town of Olean, in the county aforesaid, have 100 (conformably to the Act above mentioned) appointed, and by these presents do appoint and declare, the house of William Baker, in the said town of Olean, in the county aforesaid, to be the place for holding the first Court of Common Pleas and General Sessions of the Peace, in and for the County of Cat- taraugus. In Witness Whereof, we have hereunto set our hands this 5th day of June, 1817. (Signed,) Francis Green, AsHBEL Freeman, James Brooks. Israel Curtis was the first Sheriff, with Benjamin Cham- berlain for his Deputy; Sands Bouton, County Clerk; Jer- emy WoosTER, Surrogate; and Sylvenus Russell, County Treasurer. The first deed was recorded on the 3d day of July, 1817, which was a Sheriff's deed, from the Sheriff of Allegany Coun- ty, to Benjamin Chamberlain. The ofiices of first First Judge, 1817 — ^first State Senator, 1823 — first District Attorney, 1824 — and the first Member of Congress, 1825-27, selected from Cattaraugus County, were successively held by the late Hon. Timothy H. Porter, of Olean, who had previously, in 1816 and 1817, represented the Counties of Allegany and Steuben, and subsequently, in 1838 and 1840, this county in the State Assembly; all of which honorable positions were filled with ability and to the public acceptance; and it is a matter of public regret that no portrait exists of that distinguished man, who was so largely connected with the early history of the county. " The Courts were first held in Ellicottville, in July, 1818, at the house of Baker Leonard; that house and the Holland Laud Company's Office were all the dwellings then erected in that place. A Court House and Jail, in one building, was built soon after; this burnt down in the winter of 1829, and the pres- ent Court House and Jail were built the same year." — Judge Martin. 101 FIRST JUDGES— COUNTY COURTS. Timothy H. Porter, . . .March, 28, 1817. James Adkina, June 1, 1820. Alson Leavenworth,. . . .Jan. 25, 1823. Nelson Cobb, elected Nov. 1855. Benjamin Chamberlain, .Feb. 15, 1833. Rensselaer Lamb, elected June, 1847. Chester Howe, " Nov. 1851. ASSOCIATE JUDGES— COUNTY COURTS. (The dates are when the officers qualified.) Francis Green, May 5, 1817. Ashbel Freeman, " " James Brooks " " William Price, " " James Brooks July 7, 1818. James Adkins Feb. 28, 1820. James Brooks, '■ " Israel Curtis " Daniel Allen, •• " Ira Norton July 25, 1820. William Kimball, " 28, 1820. Royal Tefft August 1, 1820. Daniel Allen, Sept. 16, 1820. Israel Curtis, March 3, 1821. Thomas Morris " 5, " Alson Leavenworth, ... '' 12, " James Green, " 28, " Lewis?. Thorp,. . Griswold D. Warner. . . .Feb. 18, 1823. Benjamin Chamberlain,. " " Phineas Spencer, " " Peter Ten Broeck, " '■ Daniel Allen, Feb. 28, 1828. Henry Day, June 17, 1828. Andrew Mead, March 18, 1831. Daniel Allen, March 8, 1833. Thomas J. Wheeler Israel Day March 11, 1834. Richard Wright " 23, 1836. Peter Ten Broeck, " 14, 1838. Thos. J. Wheeler, " 19, " Isaac Hull, " 24, " Fred. S. Martin Jan. 27, 1840. Ashbel H. Kurd Feb. 27, 1843. Thos. J. Wheeler, ..January 29, 1846. The office was changed to two Justices' Sessions, 1847, and elected annually, SURROGATES. In 1847 the office of Surrogate was merged in that of County Judge; but was again created a distinct office in April, 1857. Jeremy Woostcr, March 28, 1817. Walter Wood, June 1, 1820. Jeremy Wooster, Feb. 12, 1821. Moses Beecher April 16, 1830. R. H. Shankland, Feb. 9, '38 to June,'47. Allen D. Scott, April, 1857. SHERIFFS. Israel Curtis,. . . . Ap'd March 28, 1817. Benj. Chamberlain, " Feb. 17, 1820. Jacob Downing. . . " June 1, 1820. Benj. Chamberlain, " Feb. 12, 1821. Ebenezer Lockwood, . . . Elected, 1822. Benj. Chamberlain, '• 1825. Henry Saxton. Henry Wooster,* John Hurlburt,t.. 1828. .Ap"d Jan. 19, 1831. Oct. 20, 1831 Samuel Barrows, Elected 1831. AbramSearle • - . " 1834. Richard Wright, " 1837. AbramSearle " 1840. George W. White " 1843. John Palmer. J. . . . Ap'd Oct. 10, 1846. AloDzo A. Gregory, Elected 1846. Addison Crowley " 1849. Alonzo A. Gregory, " 1852. Addison Crowley, Elected 1855. • In pUce of Saxton, resigned, t In place of Wooster, deceased. J In place of White, deceased. 102 COTTNTT CLIOIEB. SandB Bonton,.. .Ap'd March 28, 1817. Ebenezer Lockwood, Ap'd June 1, 1820. Joseph McClure.... " Feb. 12, 1821. David Goodwin " Mar. 6, 1822. Sands Bouton, Elected 1822. Henry Wooster, " 1824. John W. Stannton Elected 1825. Francis E. Baillet, " 1837. George W. Gillett, " 1 840. Francis E. Baillet, " 1843. James G. Johnson " 1849. Enos H. Southwick, " 1852. Thomas Morris, Elected 1855. COUNTY TRBAStTRBRS. Sylvenus Russell, March 28, 1817. Daniel Hodges, Staley N. Clarke 1824 to 1841. Marcus H. Johnson Elected 1841. Truman R. Colman, . Daniel I. Huntley, . . . Charles P. Washburn,. John P. Darling, Stephen McCoy, Elected 1854. .Elected 1844. . '• 1847. . '• 1848. . " 1851. DISTRICT ATTOKNETS. (The dates are when qualified.) Timothy H. Porter, June 16, 1824. John A. Bryan June 19, 1827. Anson Gibbs Oct. 13, 1829. James Burt, Oct. 10, 1834. Wm. Pitt Angel, Jan. 3, 1857. Daniel Reed Wheeler,. . .Feb. 5, 1841. Wm. Pitt Ansel, Feb. 7, 1844. William H. AVood Dec. 23, 1850. Alexander Sheldon, Nov. 29, 1853. LOAN COMMISSIONERS. Eleazer Harmon, 1838. Peter Ten Broeck " Moses Beecher, 1840. Alson Leavenworth " Bethuel McCoy 1843. DavidDay " David Day, 1846. Asbbel Buslinell, " C. V. B. Barse, 1848. Joseph E. Weeden, " C. V. B. Barse 1850. Byron Graham, " Byron Graham, 1853. Richard L. Cary, " Byron Graham 1855. Charles M. Beecher, " Byron Graham, 1856. Moses Beecher, " Moses Beecher 1857. Ashbel Bushnell, •' DELEGATES TO CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTIONS. CONVENTION OF 1821. ClTTlRAITGCS, ChADTADQCB, EriE, AND NUOARA.: Augustus Porter, Samuel Russel. CONVENTION OF 1846. CATTABAnGOS CoDNTT: 1st dutriet, AloMo Hawley. 2d dUtrict, George A. S. Crooker. 103 MEMBERS OF CONGRESS. (Those living in Cattaraugus County only, are given.) 19tli Congress, 1825-1827, Timothy H. Porter. Olean. 27th " 1841-1843, Staley N. Clarke, JEllicottville. 28th " 1843-1845, Asher Tyler, 32d " 1851-1853 Frederick S. Martin, O/ean. STATE SENATORS. (Those living in Cattaraugus County only, Timothy H. Porter, Olean (old 8th district,) Timothy H. Porter, " " Chauncey J. Fox, Ellicottville, " Chauncey J. Fox, " •' Thomas J. Wheeler, Connewango, (6th district,) Frederick S. Martin, Olean , (32nd district,) Robert Owen, Jr., Randolph " Roderick White, Olean, " John P. Darling, JVew Albion, " are given.) 1823, one year by lot. 1828, '29, '30, '31. 1835, to fill vacancy. 1836, '37, '38, '39. 1846-1847. 1848-1849. 1850-1851. 1856. Died in office. 1857, vice White. MEMBERS OF ASSEMBLT. Joseph McChire, 1814-'15. Stephen Crosby,* 1823. Phineas Spencer, 1824. Daniel Hodges, 1825. James McGiashen, ] 826. John A. Bryan 1827. James McGiashen, 1828. Flavil Partridge, 1829. Stephen Crosby, 1830. Russel Hubbard 1831. George A. S. Crocker, 1832. Chauncey J. Fox 1833. Chauncey J. Fox, 1834. Albert G. Burke, 1835. David Day, 1836. Tilly Gilbert, Phineas Spencer,. .1837. Nelson Green, T. H. Porter, 1838. G. A. S. Crooker, Hollis Scott,.. .1839. • The first member elected T. H. Porter, G. A. S. Crooker, . . 1840. Alonzo Hawley, Chester Howe, . . 1841. Samuel Barrows, Lewis P. Thorp,.1842. Alonzo Hawley, Elijah A. Rice,. .1843. James Burt, Marcus H. Johnson,. 1844. Roderick White, Seth Field, 1845. Gideon Searle, E. A. Rice, 1846. Rufus Crowley, Jos. E. Weeden, 1847. Jas. G. Johnson, M. H. Johnson.. 1848. S. R. Crittenden, H. C. Young,. .1849. Fred. S. Martin, H. C. Young,. . .1850. A. A. Gregory, Wm. J. Nelson,. .1851. S. S. Cole, Alex. Sheldon 1852. Daniel Hickox, M. H. Barker, ... 1853. Wm. H. Wood, Jas. Kirkland,. . .1854. Alex. Storrs, Jas. Kirkland 1855. L. D. Cobb, Daniel Bucklin, 1856. Alanson King, Rufus Crowley,.. .1867. from Cattaraugus alone. PRESIDENTIAI. ELECTORS. (Those residing in this County only, are given.) 1824, Timothy H. Porter Elected, but did not attend. 1836, Thomas J. Wheeler, Connewango. 1844, Robert H. Shankland, Ellicottville. 1848, Delos E. Sill " 1852, Benjamin Chamberlain Randolph. 1856, Delos E. Bill, Ellicottville. GOVERNORS OF NEW YORK. The Executire power in New York, while a colony, was vested in a Governor and council of twelve members, appoint- ed at will, by the king, who issued instructions for their guid- ance, extended to every common contingency, changeable at the royal pleasure, but seldom materially altered. At the beginning of the Revolution, the salary of the Gov- ernor was ^1,500 currency, and perquisites amounting to as much more.* From 1717 to 1822 the Governor was elected triennially. He was a member of the council of revision and president of the council of appointment. Under the late and present Con- stitution the Governor is elected biennially. He is command- er-in-chief of the military and naval forces of the State; may convene the Legislature, or Senate only, on emergencies,' and possesses the pardoning power.' His qualifications and general duties are defined by the Con- stitution,* and he receives a salary of $4,000 per annum. He recommends to the Senate the appointment of officers hereinafter mentioned, and appoints commissioners of deeds in 1 Smith'ii History of New York, Historical Society's edition, volume 1, page 361. 2 Until 1821 the Goyernor might prorogue the Legislature from time to time, not exceeding sixty days in a year. 3 Under the first Constitution, this extended, in cases of murder and treason, to a respite until the next session of the legislature only, when the latter might pardon, commute, or direct the execution of sentence. In treason and cases of impeachment, be is still thus limited. 4 Article 4, sections 1 to 6. 105 other states, notaries public, and such other officers as are from time to time directed by special Acts; he fills most of the va- cancies occurring in office (excepting assemblymen, state sena- tors and congressmen,) until a regular election or appointment can be made, and may remove, under limitations prescribed by statute,' most State and County officers." He communicates to the Legislature at the beginning of each session, and from time to time by message, a statement of the financial condition of the State, and recommends such measures as he may deem expedient. He is charged with the general execution of the laws, and may adopt such measures for enforcing them as emergencies may warrant. In case of vacancy his place is filled by the lieutenant-governor, or the president of the senate. The term of office of the Governor, and of all other officers not expressly excepted by law, begins with the civil year next after their election. The civil and political year formerly commenced on the first day of July,^ but is now defined by the Constitution to begin on the first day of January." COLONIAL GOVERNOES. Names. Administration began. Peter Mimiit, Dutch, May 4, 1626. Wouter Vaa Twiller, " April 1633. Willem Kicft '• March 28,1638. Peter Stuyvesant, " May 11, 1647. Richard NicoUs, English, September 8, 1664. Col. Francis Lovelace, " 4, May f 23,1667. Capt. Anthony Colre, Dutch, Aug. (n. s.) 12, 1673. Sir Edmond Andros, Knight, English, November 10, 1674. Anthony Brockholst,* " January 13, 1681. Col. Thomas Dongan,« " August 27,1682. Sir Edmund Andross, ■' July 28,1688. Francis Nicholson,' " October 9, 1688. 1 Revised Statutes, part 1, chapter 6, title 6. 2 In 1846 there were 289 offices filled by appointment of the Governor. 3 Act for regulating elections, passed February 13, 1787. 4 Constitution 1821, article 1, section 13; do. 1846, article 10, section 6. 5 President of the council, acting as Goyernor. c Dongan was removed April 22, 1688, (0. s.), and New York was united with New England under the same GoTemor. ^ Lieutenant-Governor 106 June 3, 1689. March 19, 1691. July 23, 1691. August 29, 1692. August 2, 1698. May 19, 1701. May 3, 1702. December 18, 1708. May 5, 1709. April 10, 1710. June 14, 1710. July 31, 1719. Names. Administration began, Jacob Leisler,' English, Col. Henry Sloughter, " Major Richard Ingoldesby,2 •' Col. Benjamin Fletcher, " Richard Coote, Earl of Bellamont,' " John Nanfan,* '• Edward Hyde, Lord Viscount Cornbury, " W^ John, Lord Lovelaee, " .^ Richard Ingoldesby,* " Gerardus Beeckman," Brigadier Robert Hunter, " Peter Schuyler,^ William Burnet, " John Montgomerie, '• Rip Van Dam," " William Crosby, " George Clarke,^' = •' Admiral George Clinton " Sir Danvers Osborn, Baronet,' " James De Lancey,'' " Sir Charles HarOy, Knight, " James De Lancey,< . . . '. " Cadwallader Colden,^. ' " Gen. Robert Monckton, " Cadwallader Colden,'' Gen. Robert Monckton, " June Cadwallader Colden,< Sir Henry Moore, Baronet •' Cadwallader Colden,* " John, Earl of Danmore, " William Tryon, •■ Cadwallader Colden,* ■■ William Tryon " James Robertson,* " Andrew Elliot.*'* - September 17, 1720. April 15, 1728. July 1, 1731. August 1, 1732. March 30, 1736. September 22, 1743. October 10, 1753. October 12, 1753. September 3, 1755. July 3, 1757. July 30, 1759. October 26, 1761. November 15, 1761. 12, 1762. September 14, 1763. November 13, 1765. September 12, 1769. October 19, 1770. 9, 1771. 7, 1774. 28, 1775. 23, 1780. 15, 1783. July April June March April 1 Assumed the title of Lieutenant-Governor; was executed for high treason, fiay 16, 1691. 2 President of the Council, acting as Governor. 2 Died March 5, 1701: Col. William Smith, senior member of the Council, claimed the Gover- nor's chair, but the government was administered by the Council until May 19 1701. * Lieutenant-Governor. * Commissioned as Lieutenant-Governor, October 30, 1736. « Committed suicide, October 12, 1753. ' Commissioned as Lieutenant-Governor, October 26, 1761. 8 British military Governors, not recognized by the State. 107 GOVERNORS OF THE STATE. Elected. 1777... 1780,.. 1783,.. 1786,.. 1789,.. 1792,.. 1795,.. 1798,.. 1801,.. 1804,.. 1807,.. 1810,.. 1813,.. 1816,.. 1817,.. 1820,.. 1822... 1824,.. 1826,.. 1828,.. 1830,.. 1832,.. 1834,. . 1836... 1838,.. 1840,.. 1842... 1844,.. 1846,. 1848,.. 1850,.. 1852,.. 1854,.. 1856,.. George Clmton,i George Clinton,^ George Clinton, ' George Clinton,i George Clinton, George Clinton,^ John Jay,., John Jay George Clinton, Morgan Lewis, , Daniel D. Tompkins, . , . iDaniel D. Tompkins, . , . iDanielD. Tompkins,.. .JDaniel D. Tompkins,'. .JDe Witt Clinton, , .iDe Witt Clinton, Joseph C. Yates De Witt Clinton, De Witt Clinton,^ Martin Van Buren,°. . EnosT. Throop, William L. Marcy,. . William L. Marcy,. . William L. Marcy, . . William H. Seward,. William H. Seward, . William C.Bouck,, Votes. Opposing Candidates. 6,391 Robert Yates 8,440 John Jay, 13,481 Robert Yates, 16,012 Robert R. Livingston 24,808 Stephen Van Rensselaer, . 30,829 Aaron Burr, 35,074 Morgan Lewis, 43,094;Jona3 Piatt 43,324|Stephen Van Rensselaer,. . 45.412iRufus King 43.310'Peter B. Porter 47,447]Daniel D. Tompkins, 128,493 Solomon Southwick, 103,452|Samuel Young.. 99,785 ■ 136,794 128,842 166,410 181.905 166,122 192,882 222,011 208,072 Silas Wright 1241,090 John Young, . Hamilton Fish, Washington Hunt, . Horatio Seymour, . , Myron H.Clark,... John A. King, 198,878 218,776 214,614 264,121 156,804 264,400 William B. Rochester ( Smith Thompson, j Solomon Southwick, ] Francis Granger I Ezckiel Williams Francis Granger, Wm. H.Seward, ( Jesse Buel, I Isaac S. Smith, William L. Marcy, C William C.Bouck, (Gerrit Smith J Luther Bradish, j Alvan Stewart, i Millard Fillmore j Alvan Stewart (Silas Wright, \ Henry Bradley ( Ogden Edwards, (John A. Dix, J Reuben H. Walworth, . . (William Goodell, Horatio Seymour, j Washington Hunt I Minthorne Tompkins,.. ( Horatio Seymour, J Daniel UUman, ( Greene C. Bronson, — I Amassa J. Parker,. . . . , I Erastus Brooks, Votes. 5,962 8,332 11,892 13,632 20,843 22.139 30,989 36,484 .39,718 38,647 1,479 45,990 2,910 87,093 96,135 106,444 33,345 120,361 2,332 156,672 168,969 136,648 3,496 182,461 216,808 2,662 186,091 7.263 231,057 15,136 187.306 12,844 6,305 122,811 116,811 1,593 214,352 239,736 19,299 156,495 122,282 33,850 198.616 130,870 1 No record of the votes at these elections exists in the Secretary's office; they were taken mua u.7ce, and were nearly unanimous. . 1 The votes of Clinton, OtsKRO, and Tioga Counties were not canvassed. Ihe reason of this is recorded in the Secretary's office, Deeds, xxiv., p. 249. 3 John Tivler acted as Governor from February — to Jn'y Ji ""■ . „ ,.„. „_,., ,. . mmtm & Wings. WILL ALSO KEEP FOR SALE TAILOES' CHALKS, TAPES, SOUAHES, &a OLEAN, N. Y. Rev. ISAAC G. OGDEN, A.M., PEINCIPAL. Mrs. I. 6. OGDEN, PRECEPTRESS. This Academy is now in successful operation. F. S. MAETIN, Pres't. L. Whitset, Sec'y. ABRAM MERRITT, 111 '•MS, AND WHOLESALE AND RETAIL DEALKR IN §xmxm una f ro&iskits, FLOUR, GRAIN, PORK, SALT, FISH, OILS, fcc, &c., CANAL BASnr, OLEAN, N. Y. no M. A. BLAKESLEE, DEALER IN Irwgs, ^^birks, lamts, OILS, DYE-STUFFS, Kl BOOKS 110 mm PERFUMERY, A.IITICLES, &c. OLE AN, N. Y. Ill STONE, GENTHNER & CO., OLEAN, N. Y., MANUFACTURERS OP BLINDS, DOORS, MD WINDOWS, FLOORING, mil, Al SIDIl, AND DEALERS IN FACTOST, YABSS, iSJ) OFFICE, JVear the Mlegany River. m E. G. & F. EATOX, DEALERS IN FINE JEWELEY, SILVER SPOONS, FANCY GOODS, CLEAN, N, Y. Gold Pat. Levers, huntiog cases . . . . $70 to $130 Uoldllet. '' ■' .... 45 to 76 " " open face 30 to 35 Gold Cylinder Esc. " 28 to 35 Silver Duplex, huotiog cases SO to 35 " '• open face 25 to 30 " lev. full jew'd hunting cases.. 35 to 60 *' detached Itivera, hunting 16 to 20 '' Cylinder escapements, hunt'g..ll to 12 '• " open face 8 *' Open face Patent Levers 15 to 25 Call and examine our stock before jou pur- chase. JQ^ Repairing of Watches and Clocks done ia good style and warranted. ffiY m m \m m The Subscriber bas juBt brought into THE LARGEST STOCK OF MEN'S AND BOYS' ever before offered in Olcan. Oar Store is filled with Goods from floor to ceiling, where you will find wagon loads of COATS, cords of PANTS, piles of VESTS, heaps of OVERALLS and OVERSHIRTS, and Car loads of other lizings; and in short, every- thing in our line to clothe a boy of IS years to a man of 100, and at such prices as DEFY COMfETITION. I wish it dis- tinctly understood, I AH NOT TO BE UNDEBSOLS, by any man, or combination of men. IS" No charge for Showing Goods. I also keep a fine Stock of Cloths in the Merchant Tailors Line. Custom work made to order in the best and lates styles. iS" Remember, at Milner's old staDd.*@a EENBY FRIEND, Proprietor. 112 THE GREAT SOUTHERN TIER HARDWARE STORE! STOVES, TIN AND HARDTVAREM The undersigned desires to call attention to his extensive and well-selected assortment of Hardware, which is now open for the inspection of the public, and will be sold at a low figure. THE STOYE DEPARTMENT Consists of cook, parlor, hall, box, coal, new Eagle hot air, elevated cook, Prairie Flower, May Queen, Premium, and many others. In this Department the most fastidious cannot fail of finding something to their tastes. New vari- eties will be frequently received. m THE HARDWARE BUREAU May be fonnd round, flat, square and half round iron, &c.; Mill, X cut, hand and circular saws; log, trace, binding, cable and halter chains. THE CARPENTERS' QUARTER Is literally filled with a general assortment of augers and auger bits; planes and plane irons; firmer and socket chisels; gouges and turning gouges and chisels; brace and bits; marking and mortice gauges; bevels; try-squares; lev- els; broad and hand axes; adz; brad awls; nail hammers; chisel, auger, saw and plane handles, etc., etc. IN THE BLACKSMITHS' STALL, In addition to the tons of iron briefly described above, the sons of Vulcan can find bellows, vices, (metallic vices,) sledge and hand hammers, stocks and dies. HOUSE TRIMMINGS, Consisting of door handles, rim and mortice locks, rim and mortice latches, mineral and argile door knobs, ward-robe hooks, hat and coat hooks, blind hinges, wrought and cast buts, broad and narrow glass, sash. &c., &c. IN THE MISCELLANEOUS CABOOSE Will be found spring steel, steel springs, hay, manure and straw forks, spades, hoes, garden rakes, shovels, scoop shovels, scythes, fire shovels and tongs, pocket and table cutlery, silver plated, german silver, tin and iron spoons, table and butchers' steels, butcher knives, shoe knives, brick and plastering trowels, scrub- bing, shoe and varnish brushes, chain and cast iron pumps, tin and lead pipe for wells and cisterns; 20,000 rods half inch lead pipe for carrying water. IN THE DOMESTIC CORNEH You will be apt to see about the largest lot of plain and japaned tin ware ever brought into Clean, which will be sold at wholesale and retail very cheap. Britannia tea pots, candlesticks, lamps for oil and burning fluid, brass pails, kettles, etc. Tin ware, gutter, conductor, etc. JOBBING DONE TO ORDER. ;he county, every person wisl C. V. B. BARSE. Having one of the best workmen in the county, every person wishing jobs done can be accommodated co inatanti. Ohm, New York, 1857. 3 113 STANLEY MARTIN & CO. ARE CONSTANTLT RECEIVING AS FOLLOWS: silks; shawls and mantillas!! Bonnets, Ribbons and Millinery Goods, EMBROIDERIES AND DRESS TRIMMINGS, UMBRELLAS AND PARASOLS, SUMMER DRESS GOODS, WHITE GOODS, BOOTS AND SHOES, As good and complete an aEsortment as can be found, and at prices that wIU suit all. Cloths, Satinets, Gassimeres, Kentucky Jeans, Plain and Fancy Linens, Summer Cloths, Ticking's, Denims, Stripe Shirtings, &c., by the Cord. TEA. — 50 Cans of that splendid Gunpowder Tea just received. We will not attempt to enumerate all our large and varied stock, but would respectfully solicit those wishing to buy Goods Cheap to give us a call, where great bargains are always awaiting the people of OLEAN and vicinity. FRANKLINVILLE, The second town organized in the county, was erected from Olean, June 16, 1812, by the name of Ischua, and changed to its present name March 3, 1824. In 1855 it contained 1,686 inhabitants, with 357 native and 49 naturalized voters; had 889 cows, from which were made 77,270 pounds of butter and 78,710 pounds of cheese; contains 31,804 acres of land, of the assessed value of §353,395. Taxes in 1856, $2,147.58. Post Offices — Franklinville and Cadiz. PERRYSBURGH, The third town organized in the county, was erected from Olean and Franklinville, April 13, 1814, by the name of Perry, and changed to its present name April 10, 1818. In 1855 it contained 1,456 inhabitants, with 330 native and 2 naturalized 8 114 voters; had 1,234 cows, from which were made 91,890 pounds of butter and 143,994 pounds of cheese; contains 18,320 acres of land, of the assessed value of $450,207. Taxes in 1856, $2,016.39. Post Offices — Perrysburgh and Versailles. L. E. LOCKLING-, MANUFACTURER OF FOR GREEN SWARD, SIEE-HILL, CORi\ AND STUBELE WURE. THESE PLOWS ARE MADE OF The Best Materials, and of Superior Finish, And have earned the reputation at County Fairs and among Farmers as the BEST FLOW MADE IN WESTERN NEW ¥ORH. Also, on hand, or made to order, GRAIN AND CORN CULTIVATORS, &c., &c. LITTLE VALLEY, The fourth town organized in the county, was erected from Perrysburgh, April 10, 1818. In 1855 it contained 801 inhab- itants, with 160 native and 18 naturalized voters; had 370 cows, from which were made 39,135 pounds of' butter and 16,060 pounds of cheese; contains 19,517 acres of land, of the assessed value of $215,482, Taxes in 1856, $1,944.47. Post Office — Littk Valley. "ROCK CITY." One of the great natural wonders of the American Continent, which is yet to become a resort for thousands now ignorant of its gi-andeur 115 is situated in the wilderness, on lot 11, in the town of Little Valley, about four miles from that Station, on the New York and Erie Rail- road. Rock City is upon the top of a hill, about 400 feet above the bed of the New York and Erie Railroad, and 2,000 feet above tide water; yet so easy and regular is the grade on the Little Valley side of the hill, a good carriage road to the " city entrance" could be con- structed for $200. Visitors can now ride in carriages to within one mile of the city. At the " city entrance" you pass down an inclined plane, about four feet wide, two rods long, and ten feet descent, into the open court, or " public square," as it is called, where is a circular flat stone, twenty feet in diameter, elevated about four feet above the ground, upon which parties usually partake lunch when visiting the city. From this point streets, lanes and alleys, in innumerable numbers and directions, wind their devious ways over an hundred acres. One who was ever in the City of Boston, starting in Dock Square, and going through its crooked streets, upon visiting "Rock City" cannot but be forcibly reminded of the strong resemblance between the irregular streets and huge stone, blocks of the latter " City" and the " City of Notions." Hall's Geology of New York says: "The blocks (of sandstone and conglomerate) are widely scattered along the margin of the hill, and as we approach the undisturbed parts of the rock, they become more numerous, and soon assume a regularity in arrangement which shows them to remain nearly in their original relative position, except that the joints are widened by the undermining of the rocks below, and partly, perhaps, by the destruction of the rock itself. The whole pre- sents an appearance like a cliff of harder rock resting on a more de- structible one below, which has been exposed to the waves of the sea or large lakes. In some places, where the blocks are otherwise closely arranged, there are large spaces where the masses have been removed or disintegrated, presenting a fancied resemblance to court-yards or squares, in the midst of the numerous streets and alleys. The whole area occupied by the rock at this place is estimated at an hundred acres. The large trees which stand upon the top of the immense blocks at this place, have often sent their roots down the sides, where they are sustained in the deep soil, supporting the huge growth above upon an almost barren rock. The masses offer fine exhibitions of the diagonal lamination and contorted seems of iron ore. The rectangular blocks (composed of pure white pebbles conglutinated) are from thirty 116 to thirty-five in thickness, and, standing regularly arranged along the line of outcrop, present an imposing appearance, and justify the appli- cation of the name it has received." LITTLE VALLEY BUSINESS CARDS. C. M. G. CHASE, DEALER IN READT-MADS CLOTKZIVG, GROCERIES, CROCKERY AND HARDWARE, AlVD TA]VKEE J¥OTIO]VS; And keeps fresh supplies of the Latest Styles LADIES' DRESS OOODS, BONNETS, RIBBONS, EMBROIDERIES, LACES, &C, &C.. Which will be sold for Cash, as cheap as can be purchased in the Conniy. J. S. BEERS, LITTLE VALLEY, N. T., BEALEB IN CLOCKS, WATCHES, THOMAS HELLER, LITTLE VALLEY, N. Y., MANUFACTURER OF ««^^. I CABINET WARE GUITS, PISTOLS, &C., &0. ' ^^^ DEALER IX QOID AND SILVER PLATING ; ^MAtWiB EXECUTED TO OHDEK. j OF ALL THE VARIOUS STYLES ) GREAT VALLEY, The fiftli town organized in the county, -was erected from Olean, April 15, 1818. In 1855 it contained 1,198 inhabi- (p'X/T^a/ Q/oo'mied, .^^c^iUeia^^ . Of f mi ir43Lmi¥, m. ¥. Ezra Holmes, of i.li« Devertux House, Allegany, has purchajicd the abovt well-known Hotel, and will opL-n it to tiie public; about the miildlo or. Tannaiy. 1858. Will be kept in counection with the Hotel for the public accommodation. OOERECTIONS. Page 126. — Randolph was organized Pcbiuary 1. 1820, intrtead of ISiXi. It is the 1 5th town, and should follow Ashtbrd. Page 101. — Hon. llKiNSbEi.AER Lamb was appointed Aesooiatc Jiuifio, in J 845. Page 104, 9th line, read 1777, instead of 1717. IIT tants, with 226 native and 30 naturalized voters; had 388 cows, from which were made 34,684 pounds of butter and 240 pounds of cheese; contains 33,715 acres of land, of the assessed value of $238,561. Taxes in 1856, $2,048.92. Post Offices— Grea^ Valley and Killbuck. GREAT VALLEY NURSERY!!! S. T. KELSEY & CO., Proprietors, Keep on hand a general assorlmenl of Fruit and Ornamental Trees and Shrubs. We are also extensively engaged in the cultivation of AND DECIDUOUS FOEEST TEEES, For other Nurserymen and Planters; all of wliich will be sold very clieap, at Our Wholesale Catalogues will be sent gratis to all applicants. Letters, asking farther information, promptly answered. Post Office address, S. T. KELSEY & CO., Great yalley, JT. Y. Note. — Mr. Kelsey exhibited a fine assortment of Evergbeexs at the Catta- raugus Co. Fair, 1857, which attracted much attention from visitors, and were highly commended by the judges. To people residing in this and adjoining counties, we cannot too strongly urge the merits of trees from this nursery over any foreign ones. The fact that thousands of dead frees have been imposed up- on the citizens of this County, from the latter nurseries, forcibly suggests " buy your trees alive, and of honorable dealers!" ELLICOTTVILLE, (the county seat,) The sixth town organized in the county, was erected from Franklinville, April 13, 1820. In 1855 it contained 1,838 118 inhabitants, with 275 native and 73 naturalized TOters; had 601 cows, from which were made 43,155 pounds of butter and 22,555 pounds of cheese; contains 30,459 acres of land, of the assessed value of §383,900. Taxes in 1856, $2,783.03. Three newspapers — the "Cattaraugus Republican," the "Cattaraugus Freeman," and the "American Union" — are published in this town. Post Offices — EUicottvilk and Plato. ELLICOTTVILLE BUSINESS CAUDS. "IRVINE HALL" BOTEl BENJ. BAIDWIIV, Proprietor, ELLICOTTVILLE, N. Y. BAILLET & M'COY, MfilClllT TAIL08S. xmo DEALERS IN' CLOTnS, CASSIMERES, AND VESTINOS, Bats, Caps, Boots H Shoes, And furaisbing goods generally. ELLICOTTVILLE FOUNDRY. BEEGHER & DEWEY, Manufacturers of, and Dealers in 3kkB, f lofos, drapers, CULTIVATORS, &c. MILL IRONS &. CASTINGS Of every descriptioD, furnished on short notice. LAMB & BOLLES, %itfixutp ^ Counselors AT LAW. Office in Brick Block. S. B. SEWARD, grufist ^ %p\\mq, Dealer in PUHE DRUGS, MEDICINES, PERFUMERY, FAINTS AND OILS, Pure ir'inM and L,iqviors. Alanufacturer of Seward's CocGn Cure, the best Medicine for Luog Diseafies ever used. NEW YORKCASH STORE. W. VAN CIMPEN & CO., Dealers in Staple & Fancy Dry Goods, Mardwcare If Crockery, HATS. CAPS, BOOTS. SHOES, Groceries, &c., &c. BRICK BLOCK. 119 ANGEL & MELOY, i W. P. SCOVILLE, Manufacturer of S'ttorneus ^ €mmllm AT LA^V, . "V«7 And Dealer ia Omce in the Brick Block. W. p. ASGEL, W. A. MELOY. Tin, Copper & Sheet Iron "^7^ .A. XI. ie:. And Dealer ia STOVES OF ALL KINDS. During a recent visit to the farm of Messrs. Staunton & Johnson, of Ellicottville, we were particularly pleased with what we consider one of the most important enterprises, and which we have no hesita- tion in saying, in its results, will prove of decided public benefit to the farming interests of Cattaraugus County, was the fine young herd of thorough-bred Devon Cattle. We understand it is the intention of Messrs. Stadnton & Johnson to continue breeding this beautiful stock of Cattle, that are so well adapted to the hills of Cattaraugus, which will afiFord our farmers the most favorable opportunity of improving their herds. The following are the pedigrees of a part of their herd. The numbers are from " Da- vy's Devon Herd Book." When not mentioned otherwise, the animals were bred by Messrs. S. & J. Animals with a * will appear in the next volume of the Devon Herd Book. BULLS. Don Carlos (346); calved in July, 1853, bred by Lewis F. Allen, Esq., Black Rock, N. Y. Sire, Quartley (284) ; grandsire, Albert (2) ; dam, Sappho 2d (1137), by Rover (353); grandam, Sappho 1st, by Eclipse (191); g. g. dam by Mr. Patterson's Anchisis (140); g. g. g. dam by Bolivar, bred by Mr. Thompson, of Baltimore, by imported Garrick; g. g. g. g. dam, Susan, by Denny, imported from Mr. Denny, of Norfolk, England; g. g. g. g. g. dam sent by Earl of Leicester to Mr. Patterson, in 1817. He gained the first prize ($8) at the Catta- raugus County Fair, 1857. *Macduff (No. — ) ; extracted by the Cesarian operation, October 23, 1856. Sire, Don Carlos (346); g. sire, Quartley (284); dam. Strawberry (1061); g. dam. Strawberry, by Bloomfield (148); g. g. dam. Strawberry, by Exchange (197). Note.— The mother (Strawberry, 1061,) of Macduff was found on the morn- ing of October 23, 1856, with her thigh bones broken, and bleeding from the 120 wonnd quite freely; she was then advanced to within three weeks of her time. So Eoon as her condition was ascertained, a slsiliral surgeon, and an equally Ekilirul butcher, were procured; chloroform was administered to the cow, and in a few minutes, by the Ce^arian process, MACDUpy came into being — healthy, erect, bandeome! and at the recent County Fair received the second prize in the Cla^s of Devon Bull Calves; though it is but just to state that be was not in good condition, in consequence of sickness through the summer. His name, doubtless, was suggested from " Macbeth. — I bear a charmed life, which must not yield To one of woman born." * ' Macduff — Despair thy charm ; AuA let the angel, whom Ibou fitiil has Rerv'd, Tell thee Macduir was from his mother's womb Untimely ripp'dl" *Leslie (No. — ); calved March 20, 1857. Sire, Megunticook (251); g. sire, Prince Albert (102); g. g. sire, Hundred Guinea (56); dam, Lady Lightfoot (824) ; g. dam, Lady Bird (820J). COWS AND HEIFERS. Nonpareil (925); calved April, 1849, (bred by Mr. R. Merson, of Brinsworthy, Devonshire, England.) Sire, Sultan (122); g. sire, Northampton (86); dam, Nonpareil, by Young Sillifant (121). She gained the first prize at the New York State Fair, 1851, and a silver medal at the Fair, 1856, and the second prize at the Cattaraugus Co. Fair, 1851 — Lady Lightfoot (824) taking the first prize. Lady Lightfoot (824); calved December 20, 1850, (bred by Mr. R. H. Van Rensselaer, of Morris, Otsego Co., N. Y.) Sire, Duke of York (37); g. sire, Quartley's Prince of Wales (105); dam. Lady Bird (820J), by Venture; g. dam. Lady, by Hundred Guinea (56). She gained the first prize at the New York State Fairs, — in 1851 as a calf; in 1852 as a yearling; and in 1856 as the best cow, 3 years and upwards; and the first prize ($7) at the Cattaraugus County Fair, 1857. *NoRNA (No. — ) ; calved April 9, 1857. Sire, Megunticook (251) ; dam. Nonpareil (925). She gained the first prize at the Cattaraugus County Fair, 1857, as a calf. YORKSHIRE, The seventh town organized in the county, was erected from Franklinville, April 13, 1820. In 1855 it contained 1,728 in- habitants, with 385 native and 16 naturalized voters; had 948 121 cows, from which were made 86,025 pounds of butter and 12,804 pounds of cheese; contains 23,589 acres of land, of the assessed value of $309,767. In 1857, 66,638 pounds of maple sugar were made in this town. Post Offices — Yorkshire and Yorkshire Center. FREEDOM, The eighth town organized in the county, was erected from Franklinville, April 13, 1820. In 1855 it contained 1,443 in- habitants, with 245 native and 82 naturalized voters; had 1,546 cows, from which were made 138,150 pounds of butter and 46,500 pounds of cheese; contains 25,998 acres of land, of the assessed value of $378,034. In 1857, 81,580 pounds of maple sugar were made. Post Offices — Freedom, Elton and Sandusky. HINSDALE, The ninth town organized in the county, was erected from Olean, April 14, 1820. In 1855 it contained 2,129 inhabitants, with 330 native and 18 naturalized voters; had 595 cows, from which were made 58,200 pounds of butter and 10,640 pounds of cheese; contains 25,786 acres of land, of the assessed value of $338,003. Taxes in 1856, $2,267.11. Post Office — Hinsdak. FARMERSVILLE, The tenth town organized in the county, was erected from Franklinville, March 29, 1821. In 1855 it contained 1,443 in- habitants, with 306 native and 14 naturalized voters; had 1,577 cows, from which were made 151,629 pounds of butter and 173.157 pounds of cheese; contains 29,843 acres of land, of the assessed value of $346,546. Taxes in 1856, $1,952.58. Post Offices — Farmersville and Fairview. 122 CONNEWANGO, The eleventh town organized in the county, was erected from Little Valle}-, January 20, 1823. In 1855 it contained 1,345 inhabitants, with 316 native and 6 naturalized voters; had 973 cows, from which were made 108,763 pounds of butter and 14,245 pounds of cheese; contains 22,846 acres of land, of tha assessed value of $275,461. Taxes in 1856, $1,377.93. Post Office — Connewango. NAPOLI, The twelfth town organized in the county, was erected from Little Valley, January 20, 1823, by the name of Cold Spring, and changed to its present name April 15, 1828. In 1855 it contained 1,222 inhabitants, with 297 native voters; had 748 cows, from which were made 90,925 pounds of butter and 5,700 pounds of cheese; contains 21,958 acres of land, of the as- sessed value of $299,314. Taxes in 1856, $1,069.57. Post Office — Jfapoli. OTTO, The thirteenth town organized in the county, was erected from Perrysburgh, January 29, 1823. In 1855 it contained 1,094 inhabitants, with 261 native and 8 naturalized voters; had 1,174 cows, from which were made 67,500 pounds of but- ter and 178,000 pounds of cheese; contains 20,104 acres of land, of the assessed value of 1345,064. Taxes in 1856, $1,497.22. Post Office — Otto. ASHFORD, The fourteenth town organized in the county, was erected from Ellicottvillc, February 16, 1824. In 1855 it contained 1.913 inhabitants, with 372 native and 32 naturalized voters; 123 had 945 cows, from which were made 118,620 pounds of but- ter and 1-18,306 pounds of cheese; contains 33,921 acres of land, of the assessed value of $276,669. Maple sugar made in 1857, 55,065 pounds. Taxes in 1856, §1,807.65. Post Offices — Ashford and East Ashford. S o o "to o 3r's 33^x11. ALEXANDER SCOBEY, Ashford, N. Y. FLOUE. MEAL, AND FEED For Sale at the Jfim. Flour made at this Mill received the First Prize at the County Fairs of 1855 and 1856. MACHIAS, The fifteenth town organized in the county, was erected from Yorkshire, April 16, 1827. In 1855 it contained 1,366 inhabitants, with 276 native and 9 naturalized voters; had 731 cows, from which were made 78,134 pounds of butter and 10,644 pounds of cheese; contains 25,890 acres of land, of the assessed value of $326,252. Maple sugar made in 1857, 63,490 pounds. Lime Lake, a favorite resort for fishing par- ties, is situated in this town. Taxes in 1856, $1,716.54. Post Office — Machias. ELGIN, The sixteenth town organized in the county, was erected from Franklinville, January 24, 1829, by the name of Lyndon, and changed to its present name April, 1857. In 1855 it contained 1,123 inhabitants, with 201 native and 48 natural- ized voters; had 801 cows, from which were made 77,650 pounds of butter and 44,370 pounds of cheese; contains 21,101 acres of land, of the assessed value of $182,234. Taxes in 1856. $1,064.88. Post Offices — Elgin and Rawson. 124 MANSFIELD, The seventeenth town organized in the county, was erected from Little Valley, February 23, 1830. In 1855 it contained 1,125 inhabitants, with 253 native and 15 naturalized voters; had 607 cows, from which were made 73,753 pounds of butter and 141,900 pounds of cheese; contains 24,821 acres of land, of the assessed value of $237,511. Taxes of 1856, $1,264.76. Post Office — Eddyville. NEW ALBION, The eighteenth town organized in the county, was erected from Little Valley, February 23, 1830. In 1855 it contained 1,562 inhabitants, with 338 native and 15 naturalized voters; had 1,050 cows, from which were made 91,695 pounds of butter and 74,866 pounds of cheese; contains 22,988 acres of land, of the assessed value of $290,733. Taxes in 1856, $1,683.85. Post Offices — Jfew Mbion and Cattaraugus. A. £. LEAVENWOBTH, Attorney & Counsellor AT LAW. CATTARAUGUS, N. Y. ANSON SMITH, Manufacturer of CATTARAUGUS, N. Y. ALLEGANY, The nineteenth town organized in the county, was erected from Great Valley, April 18, 1831, by the name of Burton, and changed to its present name April 18, 1851. In 1855 it con- tained 1,583 inhabitants, with 314 native and 26 naturalized voters; had 298 cows, from which were made 30,500 pounds of butter and 1,045 pounds of cheese; contains 44,989 acres of land, of the assessed value of $318,363. Taxes of 1856, 62,728.32. Post Offices — Mlegany and Five-Mile-Run. 125 ALLEGANY BUSINESS CARDS. ERASTUS WlLLiRD, CROCKERY, GROCERIES, BOOTS & SHOES, &c., &c. WM. C. BOCKOVEN, MAXUFACTUKEB OF Carriaps& Lumber Wapns. Blacksmithing in all Branches. BYROM & COUCHMAN, MANUFACTCSERS OF Sasli, Doors, Blinds, Flooring, SIDING, PICKETS, &e. DEVEHEUX HOUSE, Allegany, N. Y. E. HOLMES, PROPRIETOR. LEON, The twentieth town organized in the county, was erected from Connewango, April 24, 1832. In 1855 it contained 1,330 inhabitants, with 302 native and 4 naturalized voters; had 1,008 cows, from which were made 68,820 pounds of butter and 115,195 pounds of cheese; contains 23,023 acres of land, of the assessed value of $300,386. Taxes of 1856, $1,293.67. Post Office — Leon. DAYTON, The twenty-first town organized in the county, was erected from Perrysburgh, February 7, 1835. In 1855 it contained 1,139 inhabitants, with 245 native and 7 naturalized voters; had 961 cows, from which were made 62,361 pounds of butter and 113,764 pounds of cheese; contains 23,137 acres of land, of the assessed value of $308,243. Taxes in 1856, $1,684.73. Post Offices — Dayton, Cottage and Sociality. PERSIA, The twenty-second town organized in the county, wa.s erected from Perrysburgh, February 7, 1835. In 1855 it contained 126 1,204 inhabitants, with 227 native and 11 naturalized voters; had 614 cows, from which were made 42,190 pounds of butter and 38,666 pounds of cheese; contains 13,296 acres of land, of the assessed value of 1360,436. Taxes in 1856, $1,603.86. Post Office — Gowanda. RANDOLPH, The twenty-third town organized in the county, was erected from Connewango, February 1, 1836. In 1855 it contained 1,723 inhabitants, with 343 native and 10 naturalized voters; had 617 cows, from which were made 48,740 pounds of butter and 4,615 pounds of cheese; contains 23,040 acres of land, of the assessed value of $345,457. Taxes in 1856, $2,019.91. The Randolph Repoetee newspaper is published in this town: and the Randolph Academy and Ladies' Seminaey, a very ably conducted school, is located here. Post Offices — Randolph and East Randolph. RANDOLPH BUSINESS CARDS. JOHNSON, LEACH &BOABDMAN, DEALERS IN' READY-MADE Dry Goods, Groceries, Boots and Shoes, Sc, ifc. WILLIAM H. CAMP, General Merchandise, WITH ALL THE ETCJITERA! A. G. DO"W, PEALER m House Furnisliifig & Genera STOVES, IRON & NAILS, And Manufacturers of Copper, Tin & Sheet Iron AVare. KNAPP & CARTER, GEXEBAL DEALERS IN tKOCEtin. FMVISIDIS YANKEE NOTIONS, &o. 127 JAMES H. SMITH, DEALER IX CaMitet Mmt ^ C|ab, I In all its Branches. Also, Ready-Made Coffins. P. G. STRONG, DEALER IN Dry Goods, Groceries, CROCKERY, CUTLERY, &c., &c. J. C. BROWN, DEALER IN DRUGS, MllCINiS, Books, Stationery, &c., &.c. RANDOLPH, N. Y. HANNIBAL TYREL, PROPRIETOR. HARRISON FRENCH, EAST RANDOLPH, N. Y., DEALER IN HUMPHREY, The twenty-fourth town organized in the county, was erected from Allegany, May 12, 1836. In 1855 it contained 759 in- habitants, with 160 native and 19 naturalized voters; had 400 cows, from which were made 35,784 pounds of butter and 9,900 pounds of cheese; contains 22,583 acres of land, of the assessed value of $133,084. Taxes in 1856, $793.88. Post Offices — Humphrey and Sugartown. COLD SPRING, The twenty-fifth town organized in the county, was erected from Napoli, March 20, 1837. In 1855 it contained 664 in- 12S habitants, witli 136 native and 7 naturalized voters; had 161 cows, from which were made 12,713 pounds of butter and 375 pounds of cheese; contains 18,787 acres of land, of the assessed value of $94,607. Taxes in 1856, $912.43. Post Office — Ten-Mik-Spring. PORTVILLE, The twenty-sixth town organized in the county, was erected from Olean, April 27, 1837. In 1855 it contained 1,164 in- habitants, with 276 native and 21 naturalized voters; had 302 cows, from which were made 27,953 pounds of butter and 2,845 pounds of cheese; contains 23,106 acres of land, of the assessed value of $187,803. Taxes in 1856, $1,457.67. Post Offices — Portville and Haskell Flats. CARROLTON, The twenty-seventh town organized in the county, was erected from Great Valley, March 9, 1842. la 1855 it con- tained 511 inhabitants, with 84 native and 22 naturalized voters; had 140 cows, from which were made 9,095 pounds of butter and 500 pounds of cheese; contains 26,872 acres of land, of the assessed value of $140,096. Taxes in 1856, $1,063.65. Post Offices — Limestone and Tuna. ISCHUA. The twenty-eighth town organized in the county, was erect- ed from Hinsdale, February 7, 1846, by the name of Rice, and changed to its present name May 1, 1855. In 1855 it con- tained 1,103 inhabitants, with 226 native and 13 naturalized voters; had 547 cows, from which were made 43,940 pounds of butter and 5,220 pounds of cheese; contains 20,450 acres of land, of the assessed value of $187,939. Taxes in 1856, $1,275.44. Post Office— /scAwa. 129 SOUTH VALLEY, The twenty-ninth town organized in the county, was erected from Randolph and Cold Spring, April 2, 1847. In 1855 it contained 586 inhabitants, with 122 native and 6 naturalized voters; had 168 cows, from which were made 16,010 pounds of butter; contains 37,749 acres of land, of the assessed value of $164,607. Taxes in 1856, $1,048.93. Post Office — Onoville. BUCKTOOTH, The thirtieth town organized in the county, was erected from Little Valley, November 29, 1854. In 1855 it contained 453 inhabitants, with 89 native and 5 naturalized voters; had 94 cows, from which were made 9,975 pounds of butter and 1,006 pounds of cheese; contains 47,620 acres of land, of the assessed value of ^205,469. Taxes in 1856, $1,554.29. Ma- ple sugar made in 1857, 2,690 pounds. The BucKTOOTH House, kept by the veteran John Boakd- MAN, Esquire, we can truthfully commend as one of the best conducted hotels in Western New York. Post Office — Bucktooth. EAST OTTO, The thirty-first town organized in the county, was erected from Otto, November 30, 1854. In 1855 it contained 1,228 inhabitants, with 262 native and 9 naturalized voters; had 1,445 cows, from whicli were made 86,244 pounds of butter and 265,909 pounds of cheese: contains 23,091 acres of land, of the assessed value of $269,549. Taxes in 1856, $1,565.26. Post Office — East Otto. ISO INDIAN RESERVATIONS. The Allegany Reservation occupies a tract averaging a mile in width on either side of the Allegany River. It be- gins in the town of Allegany, and continues through the towns of Carrolton, Great Valley, Bucktooth, Cold Spring and South Valley, to the State line. The Indians are rem- nants of the Six Nations. Population in 1855, 754. The Cattaeaugus Reservation lies in Persia and Perrys- burgh, and in Erie County. The population in 1855 was 1,179. THE ALLEGANY RIVER Affords the great natural highway for conveying lumber to the Southern and Western markets, from Cattaraugus and the adjoining regions of Pennsylvania. It passes through Port- ville, Olean, Allegany, Carrolton, Great Valley, Bucktooth. Cold Spring and South Valley. THE GENESEE VALLEY CANAL Is now completed from Rochester to Olean, passing through Hinsdale and Olean in this county. Its importance is fully noticed in the sketch of Judge Martin. THE NEW YORK AND ERIE RAILROAD. This great highway, which has raised the value of real estate in this county, since its completion, fully one hundred per cent., and brought a cash market to the farmers' doors, passes through the towns of Hinsdale, Olean, Allegany, Car- rolton, Great Valley, Bucktooth, Little Valley, Mansfield, New Albion, Persia, Dayton and Peri-ysburgh. 131 RISLEY BROTHERS, JVo. 7 West-Front Street, nunkirk, Jr.Y.^ Are prepared to supply dealers and consumers at the lowest prices, with Double Rectified Old Rye, and Monongahela Whiskey. We are also importers of the choicest qualities of and keep constantly on hand the celebrated Cleveland Ale. The superior flavor and quality of our goods is already widely known, and our prices shall be as low as any house in the United States. DANIEL E. BARTLETT, PROPRIETOR OF THE AND z:xjXjXoorra5xrxxjXjX], Sir. -sr. S. F. T7LER & GO'S LIVERY AND STAGE STABLES, OLE.AN, N. Y. Manny's Patent Reaping & Mowing Machine. A. FATCHEX, Manufacturer, mw/»^^M.^ ^W Jl ^^■...^..Am^.^^.^ ^-t. 133 MANNY'S PATENT MANUFACTURED BY These justly celebrated Machines will be greatly improved for the harvest of 1858, and such additions and alterations made as have been suggested during the past season. These Machines for ease of draught, quality of wm-k, true and perfect adjustabilily, are not equalled by any others now in use. An improved double lever at the driver's scat enables him to raise or lower the cutters at will, by which means he can cut high or low, pass over sticks or stones, or over the Cut grass, from field to field, without leaving his seat. I manufacture two sizes of the above Ma- chines. No. 1 cuts five feet ■wide, is sti-ongly built, and adapted to level land. No. 2 cuts four feet four inches, is light and peculiarly adapt- ed to hilly and uneven land. Either fize is sold with or without Reaper attachment. I shall also, the coming season, manufacture a light IRON MOWER, with cast sled cutter bar. This Machine will be tlie most simple and perfect SINGLE MOWER ever offered to the Farmer. A. 134 AUNCBY J. TOK, ELLICOTTVILLE, N. Y., DEALER IN f DRUGS, MEDICINES, PAINTS, OILS, tSsCf ^Sa^a.iiy. '(islil BW «FSW®-J1SP^35S B y CATTARAUGUS COUNTY, N . Y. Benj. Chamberlain, Pres't. FREDONIA ADVERTISER, Devoted to the dissemination of General Intelligence, and advocating the 'principles of the American Party. Published Weekly, at $1.50 per Annum, At FREDONIA, CHAUTATJQUE COUNTY, N. Y., Bt L. L. PRATT & CO. H. H. GIFFORD, Proprietor, CORNER OF CENTER AND MAIN STREETS, H. & E. S. COLMAIS', WEST FRONT STREET, Dealers in Western Produce, Salt, Plaster, ORDERS FOR ALL KINDS OF GRAIN, FLOUR, &f., PROMPTLY PILLED. DUNKIRK, N. Y. SEAMAIV & FIWKEIv, Froprietors. ISAAC N. SEAMAN, (Nearest House to Depot.) wai-ter finkel. 136 Wait^ ana get tUe Best: Worcester's Royal guano Dictionary. We have the pleasure to inform the Public that we have commenced electro- typing Dr. Woecesteb's Royal QnA"nTO Dictionaet, and hope to complete it during the present year. The Work will contain about sixteen hundred pages, and will be BEAUTIFULLY ILLUSTRATED. It will contain, in its various vocabularies, upwards of Ten Thousand Words mere than can be found in any other Dictionary of the English Language. It is, therefore, very important to WA IT, AN D GET THE B" ST. WORCESTER'S SERIES OF DICTIONARIES NOW COKSIST OF I. Worcester's Universal and Critical Dictionary. n. Worcester's Academic Dictionary, in. Worcester's Comprehensive Dictionary. IV. Worcester's Elementary Dictionary. V. Worcester's Primary Dictionary. To show in what estimation these books arc held, it will be proper to state that they have recently been introduced into the Public Schools of Boston, Cambridge, Njiw Yokk, Eat.timoee, WAsniNGTOs, (D. C.,) New Orleans, St. Louis, Chicago, Buffalo, Rochestbe, and many other places in which the Schools are in the highest state of excellence. In addition to this testimony, recent letters of commendation have been received from Messrs. Evekett, Pees- COTT , Ikvixg, Ba?;ckoft, mii other eminent writoi's, whose practice is known to be in conformity with tlieiv expressed opinions. Hon. Edwabd Evekett says : •■1 have made constant use of 5Ir. Worcester's Dictionaries since their first pub- lication. Uis orthography and pronunciation represent, as far as I am aware, the most approved usage of our language. His definitions seldom leave any- thins; to desire." Hon. Kokace JIaxn i;ays : " In all my writing, speaking, and teaching, I have endeavored to conform to the rules for orthography and pro- nunciation as contained in Vv'orcester-s Dictionary.'" lion. Chaelbs Sukxek says : '• The U;iivorf:2l Dictionary I have used almost constayitly, and almost daily, since iti pablicaiio;). I have no hesitation in calling it the best practical Dictionary in the English Language." Other gentlemen use language to the same effect; and it in.iy ba ncea by their writings that they design to conform to the most approved usage, which Dr. Worcester recognizes jis the standard authority, and of which his Dictionary purports to be the exponent. The inno- vations. hOT/over pl;u;r,iblc, invented by one man, ought not and cannot prevail against the common n-age of the best writers of the English language; nor can there bo any true American standard of authority other than the usage of the best Aaiorican writers. SCHOOL BOOK DEPOSITORY, ^"o. 131 Washington Sereet, Boston, AnJ for Sale by Booiisellers generally throughout tlio United States. 137 THE GREAT AMERICAN COUGH REMEDY. SEWARD'S COUGH CURE. WA.ERANTED A SAFE, CERTAIN, AND SPEEDY CURE FOR Colds, Coughs, Whooping Cough, Croup, Influenza, Incipient Consumption, AND ALL DISEASES OP THE THROAT AND LUNGS. The COUGH CUKE is not wLut is usually termed a quack medicine, but is prepared on strictly scientific principles, and by Bkillful hands. It was first prepared in small quantities, to give it a sufficient trial, after which it passed through the hands of some of the most eminent Phy.sicians in the State, and was pronounced by all to be the most valuable and useful Cough Medicine ever brought before the public. The evidence is such that its great efficacy is placed beyond a doubt. A deep sensation is being created, and the number who use it is constantly in- (jreasing. Some have been taken from death's door, — many have regained health of body and mind — and many more are on tlie road to it. We have received valuable recommendations from gentlemen of influence all over the country, in whose families cures have been and are still being effected; and when we say that no discovery in the healing art, which has been made in the present century, has created so great popularity and coufidence in so short a time, we state what Is positively true. Such being our convictions, we shall send it forth on its mission of mercy, that all who are suffering from disease of the throat and lungs may have it in their power to be benefited. To the afflicted we would say, try it — it can do no harm, and will cure you of that dreadful hacking cough, which carries so many to a premature grave. Price, 50 Cents per Bottle. Prepared by S. B. SEWAED, DRUGGIST AND APOTHECARY, ElililCOTTVILliE, ]¥. Y., And sold by Druggists generally through (he country. CONTEISTTS AGEICULTURAL SOCIETY. P«ge. Page. Acknowledgments 32 Board of Managers 5 " " Authority of, {vide Laws 1855) 25 By-Laws 23-31 Miscellaneous 3&-43 Members, Honorary and Life, 5 Letters from . , 32 Presidents, ex, & Town Vice Pres'ts 6 Premium List and Judges, Fair 1857 7-22 BIOGRAPHIES. Chamberlain, Benjamin 44 Clarke, Staley N 83 Edwards, Francis S 86 Fenton, Reuben E 91 Pox, Chauncey J 74 Leavenworth, Alson 77 Martin, Frederick S 59 Ten Broeck, Peter 49 CIVIL LIST. Assembly, Members of 103 Attorneys, District 102 Clerks, County 102 Congress, Members of 103 Constitutional Conventions, Mem- bers of 102 Electors of President U. S 103 Judges, First and County 101 Judges, Associate 101 Loan Commissioners 102 Senators, State 103 Sheriffs 101 State and Colonial Governors of New York 104-108 Surrogates 101 Treasurers, County 102 TOWNS— THEIR POST OFFICES AND STATISTICS. Allegany 124 Ashford 122 Bucktooth 129 Carrolton 128 Cold Spring 127 Connewango 122 Dayton 125 ElUcottville 117 Staunton S( Johnson's Herd 119 East Otto 129 Elgin 123 Farmersville 121 140 Page. Franklinville 113 Freedom 121 Great Valley 116 Hinsdale 121 Humphrey 127 ladiaa Reservations, &c 130 Ischua 128 Leon 125 Little Valley 114 (" Rock City'') 114 Machias 123 Page. Mansfield 124 Napoli 122 New Albion 124 Olean 109 Otto 122 Persia 125 Perrysburgh 113 Portville 128 Eandolph 126 South Valley 129 Yorkshire 120 ADVERTISEMENTS. Angel & Meloy, Attorneys 119 Baillet & McCoy, Tailors 118 Baldwin, Benj., Hotel 118 Barse, C. V. B., Stoves 112 Bartlett, Daniel E., Livery Stables. 131 Beecher