CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY Cornell University Library DS 23.T58 3 1924 028 544 579 ....« The original of this book is in the Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924028544579 t.y rt?9n^a/nys T I M O IT R . INSTITUTES POLITICAL AND MILITARY, written' originally IN THE MOGUL LANGUAGE, BY THE GREAT TIM OUR, IMPROPERLY CALLED TAMERLANE; Firft tranflated into Persian by Abu Taulib Alhusseinij and thence into English, with Marginal Notes, By major DAVY, PERSIAN SECRETARY TO THE COMMANDER IN CHIEF OF THE BENGAL FORCES From the Year m dcc lxx to m dcc lxxiii. AND NOW PERSIAN SECR. TO THE GOVERNOR GENERAL OF BENGAL. The Original Persian tranfcribed from a MS. in the Poffefllon of Dr.WiLLiAM Hunter, Physician Extraordinary to the Queen, F. R. & A. S. and of the Royal Academy of Sciences at Paris ; and the Whole Work publiflied with a Preface, Indexes, Geographical Notes, &c. &c. By JOSEPH WHITE,B. D. Fellow of Wadham College, and Laudian Professor, of Arabic in the University of Oxford. OXFORD: AT THE CLARENDON. PRESS. M DCC LXXXIIL Sold by J. MURRAY, N». 32 Fleetftreet, London} and by D. PRINCE AND J. COOKE, Oxford. T O WILLIAM DEVAYNES, Esq, CHAIRMAN, AND THE OTHER DIRECTORS OF THE HONOURABLE THE EAST INDIA COMPANY IN THE YEAR 1780 j THIS WORK, WHICH THEIR MUNIFICENCE HAS CAUSED TO BE PUBLISHED, FOR THE INSTRUCTION OF THE COMPANY'S SERVANTS IN THE LANGUAGE OF THEIR SETTLEMENTS IN THE EAST, IS WITH MUCH RESPECT AND GRATITUDE INSCRIBED B Y W. DAVY AND J. WHITE. ( V ) xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>oo«xxxxxxx>oc«xt PREFACE. THE iHuftrious Name of T i m o u r was firft made kiK)wn to Europe by tradition : and his heroic acEtions are ftill cdebrat&d by many who have never feen the hiftory written by Ali Yezdi, nor perui&d the accounts of D'Herbelot; and Voltaire. I am therefore happily unencumbered with the embarrafiments of an author who labours to combat general prejudices, or to introduce a new character to the world. Th e life of this great conqueror was written, in obedience to the command of his grandfon, by Ali Yezdi, a native of -Perfia. 'f hat work, which has been tranflated into French by ■Petis de la Croix (and from his tranflation into Englifh) is valuable, not {o much for the flowery phrafes with which it abounds, as for the authenticity of its materials : it was col- ledled from the journals regularly' kept by the Emperor's fecretaries, in which were recorded every event and tranf- ^aftion of his reign. In vi PREFACE. In the thirty fixth year after the death of Tim our, hiis life was again written, in Arabic, by Ahmed Ibn Arabfliah, a Syrian. That author poflelTed, like the former, a lively and deforiptive pen : but what fac gains in eleganpc, he lofes in truth and candour j for in every page of his work may be dif- cerned the hatred of a conquered enemy, and thofe national prejudices which are disgraceful to an hiftorian. Qther Jiiilories of Timour's life and actions have been written, and fome of them are now preferved in Euro- pean cabinets. One of them which has eclipfed the reft, and which alone deferves to be the objedl of our particular notice, was written under the conqujeror's infpe(Jiion,'" if not by his own hand. ' The fuperior valae of- this hiftory is ;at once perceived : for it was drawn not only from t^ofe authentic fource^s to which Ali Yezdi found accefs, but alfo from a perfonal recolledion of thofe tranfaiSions whofe motives and objeds were perhaps Jchowti only to himfclf. It has not y€t found its way into Europe : ' but I have - been in- formed by Mr. Davy, who has read it in the Eaft, that it is a minute and faithful narrative of an interefting and eVentful period. I therefore hope my friend, who will fpare no fearch or expence to procure it, will bring it with him when he re- turns from his public ftation abroad, and traftflate for the in- formation and entertainment of his country, a larger and more certain account of Timour's conqu^fts than we now poflefs. To this hiftory, fortie who have no other wifh than to leiTen its eftimatlon, have obje(n«d, that it muft Certainly be partial^ and that its imperial author muft have ftudioufly concealed his vices PREFACE. vii vices from the reader's eye, and reflected upon his virtues more light than they will bear. But thefe harfh opinions can be ' pronounced or credited by thofe only who are unacquainted with his writings, and the praife which his enemies have given him, that he was a lover of veraciy, who hdted, detected, and punifhed falfehood, with fincerity, penetration and con- ftancy. That he might purfue his great objedls by the light of truth, he made ufe of every friend and every foe : and in his Inftitutes he does not blufh to acknowledge his errors and mif- fortunes, but glories that he has profited by them. Ambition, the infirmity of noble minds, was perhaps his only fault. The defire of conqucft is a principle which- the liberty of modern times has juftly reprobated. But Timour's conquefls were in a ^rcat meafure produced by other caufes ; by the manners of the age and. country in which he lived, and by the treachery of ^ings, who whilft: they envied his greatnefs, profcfled them- felves his friends. It is needlcfs to fpeak of his valour ; for who has not hisard pf his fuccefsful wars, his perfeverance and refolution in difi:refs„ and his ferene and temperate condudt after yid:ory'? > That he poflefled the humane and liberal vir- tues cannot be doubted, when we read that he forbore to take revenge when it could not interfere with his intereft, and that -he, extended the rights of fubjefts and citizens to nations who were willing to be flaves. When he had fccn his vafl: empire rifing, like the infant world, out of -anarchy under his vi in kbe prefence of his Minifters and QfiEi- cers, and of the learned : they were compared with, and cor- refted by, each other, by the Emperor himfelf, and by fuch of his people as had a perfo^ial knowledge of the Tranfadiions therein related.' It muft be allowed, that this was no bad way of colledling authentic materials fol: the hiftory of a mighty Emperor, governing a mighty Empire; if he tookcare to en- force his commands by proving himfelf fuperior to flattery, and by an encouragement of that truth ana thought it authentic, they would have beflowed upon it a)l the applaufe which is due to the intrinfic merit of the work ; if t|j^y hajl kpown gnd thought it fpurious, they would have r.e- fji;ited i|s authenticity. !^ut they have done neither ; they are tptaUy fit^nt on the fybjedt : from whence wt may conclufle, that they were ftr.angers to {he wpr|^, But it by np pie^ns fol- IpwSi fh^t fHch a WQrk could npt p??ift^ bpcaufe they, pf even Cptempprarj^ ap^hpf^, knew i^pthing ^boyt \%. ** T^p fliftpry of Ti]^,Qy^, writtep by hijpfelf, car^ips witli it the flrongeft proofs that he wrote for pbfterity only ; and that ]a^ could ppt, in pruden.ce, or in policy, make his work pqjl^lif during his life : for it contains not only th.e fame ^ecu- rate 4et3i.l of the Fadis and Occurrences -pf his reign, as are foj^qd in other £^VLth.gr^, buj: it goes rpuch further. He gives ypw X^t which h? oniy had the power to give, the fecret Springs a;rid Mptiye? W,hich influepcf,4 his ^.pndu^ jn the va-^ r.i^u^ pplitical ;and jiiilitary tranfadions of his life, the arts by which ,he goyerped, ^§ w^jja^s the power by which he conquered. ■He acknowledges his weak^pffeifs, hftOP^ly owns his errors, defcrib^s th? dij9iLovi;kies in which he ,wa? pccijifionally invo|v.e4 by thofe errors, and the policy by whiph he furpipunted and overcame thofe difficulties. In a word, it is a complete Index to his head and his hc^art ,* anjj though, t.,a^e it all ip all, it re- dpjjni^S .tp th.e honour of jbo^h the ojie apd the other, yet it was a worJk by WP m^m^ c^lcjul^jted fp.r the ,pe^vfj4 of hi? epepiies, c 2 or XX Mr. DAVY'S LETTER or even his fubjedts during his life; fince it would have enabled thofe who chofe it, to combat him with his own weapons, or, in other words, to have turned his arts and his policy againft himfelf. Hence it is reafonable to fuppofe, that the Work in queAion was entirely unknown during his life j and its fubfe- quent temporary obfcurity may, I think, be plaufibly accounted for, by the probability of one copy only exifting at the time of his death, by the uncertainty into whofe hands that copy fell, and by the divifions which followed in his family after the death of Shaahroch. " Abu Taulib ul Huffeini, in the Dedication of his Tranflation to Sultaun ul Audik fays, that in the Library oi JJafr, Haukim of Temmun, he met with a manufcript in the Turki, or Mogul language, which, on infpedlion, proved to be the Hiftory of TiMouR, written by himfelf; containing an account of his Life and Actions from the feventh to the feventy-fourth year of his age, &c. &c. He then proceeds to give the Tranflation of the faid Hiftory, in which are included the Inftitutes. ** I T may appear remarkable that the Tranflator {hould fay fo little, or in fa6t nothing, to prove the authenticity of the valuable work, which he was about to tranflate. It has an ex- traordinary appearance, I allow; but, I think, the following inferences only can be drawn from it : either that he thought the work itfelf contained fufBcient proofs of its own authen- ticity, or that at the period when he tranflated it, it was fo well known, as not to admit of doubt, or difpute. For my part, I think his inattention to this point is a very ftrong, if not the ftrongeft poflible proof, that the Hiftory and Inftitutes of TiMouR are genuine. (C A N European Critic may fay, that this fame Abu 'Taulib might have wrote the work himfelf in the Perfian language, and have impofed it upon the world as a Tranflation from the Royal ON THE AUTHENTICITY &c. xxi Royal Mogul author. This I take 4;o be impoffible. Authors in" the Baft neither fold their works to bookfellers, nor pub- lifhed by fubfcription, nor depended for fupport on the ap- plaufe,~ the generofity, or the credulity of the public : they were patronized by Princes, who rewarded their labours in pro- portion to the value of their works. And therefore, if Abu 'Taulib had been capable of writing fuch a Work, he never would have been guilty of fo dangerous and foolifli an artifice, which could tend only to diminifh both his fame and his profit. The applaufe and the reward due to the Tranflator of an excellent work, muft, whatever his merit, be inferior to thofe which are due to the author of fuch a work j if therefore he had been mafter of abilities to write the Life and Inftitutes of Timour, as there written, he would have fpoke in the third perfon in- ftead of the firft (no other alteration being neceffary,) and have flood forth as the author of the firft and beft Hiftory of the Life of Timour, that ever was wrote ; for which he muft have obtained both applaufe and profit tenfold. The fame mode of reafoning will hold good to prove that the T!urki copy could not be wrote by any Mogul author, but him to whom it is afcribed^ Timour himself. ** The noble fimplicity of Didlion, the plain and unadorned Egotifm that runs through the whole of the Inftitutes and Hiftory of Timour, are peculiarities which mark their origina- lity and their antiquity alfo. The Orientals, for fome centuries paft, have adopted a very different mode of writing j the beft of their hiftorical works are filled with poetical and hyperboli- cal Flowers and Flourifties, which are fo numerous, and occur fo frequently, that many a folio volume, weeded and pruned of thefe fuperfluities, would be reduced to a very moderate oBavo. *' The only work bearing the leaft refcmblance to the Life and Inftitutes of Timour, which has fallen under my obfer- vation, is the Hiftor^r (or Commentaries) of Sultaun Babour, written xxu Mr. DAVY*s letter written by himfelf. Babour was defcended from TiM our in the fifth degree ; he was *the fon of Omer, the fon of Abu Saeed, the fon of Mahummud, the fon of Meraun Shaah, the fon of TiMou R . About eighty years elapfed between the death of TiMouR and the birth of Babour. Babour in the twelfth year of his age, and the 899th year of the Hejra, fat upon the throne of his father, in the kingdom of Furgauneh. The earlier part of his life very much refembled that of his great prede- ceflbr, TiMOUR : and his abilities in the Field and in the Ca- binet, his fortitude in diftrefs, his adivity and courage when furrounded with difficulties and danger, and the glory and fuc- cefs with which his Enterprizes were finally crowned, make the refemblance between thefe two Princes fiill more ftriking. Like TiMOUR, Babour wrote an accurate Hiflory of his own. Life and Adtions in the I'urki language ; which though by no means equal to the admirable compofition of his renowned an- ceftor, is a work of infinite merit. Yet this hiftory, great as the Royal Author was, remained in obfcurity till the middle af the reign of his grandfon Acbur^ when it was translated into the Perfian language by one of his Omrahs, Khaun a Khaunaun^ It is more difficult to account for the temporary obfcurity of this valuable work, than for that ofTiMouR'sj for at the death of Babour it muft have fallen into the hands of his fon Hu' maioon, and on his death, into thofe of Acbur. Yet till the- middle of his reign it remained unknown and untranllated : and if Acbur had, in the early part of his life, been driven from his throne, if Divifions had taken place in his family, and his pofterity had been fcattered abroad, this valuable Manu- fcript might have fallen into private hands, and have remained, unknown for a century longer \ poflibly^ have been totally loft. No Critic, either Oriental or European, pretends to difpute the authenticity of Babour's Hifiory j and, as far as I have been able to difcover, the Learned of the Eaft confx4er the In- ftitutes ^nd Hiftory of Timour as equally genuine. " I WA 5 ON THE AUTHENTICITY, &c. xxiii ** I WAS acquainted with feveral great and learned Men in India, bptih Natives and Perfians : on perufing the works of TiMOUR, { was led to m^e the iam€ enquij-y which you have XQade^ Whether th«y were, or were not authentic ? The anfwers I received were always in the affirmative, and attended with fome tokens and expreffions of furprize, that I fhould, or could, doubt their being genuine. Sh a ah Aulum, the prefent Mogul, has a beautiful copy of the Hiftory and Inftitutes of Timour; which he 'holds in fuch efteem,* and of which he is fo exceed- ingly careful, that though he granted me the ufe of any other book in his pofTeffion, this he pofitively excepted by name, as a XiS^orktfiO rare aiid valaable, that he could not truft it to the care of any perfon whatever. ** Upon the whole, if the learned of the Eaft, for feveral gerierations, have been induced to give implicit credit to the Inftitutes and Hiftory of Timour, which is certainly the cafe, I do not fee how Europeans caa, with any degree of propriety, doubt their authenticity. The Oriental Critics have the very beft materials on which to form their opinions ; our fmall ftock pf knowledge in the language, apd ftill fmaller ftock of Afiatic Hiftorians, render us very incompetent judges of the point in queftion. There are a great number of Oriental Manufcripts in the libraries of the Learned ; but I am convinced, that there are ftill many, very many, which never have found, and poffi- bly never will find, their way iuto Europe j and therefore, though no hijlorical evidence can be produced to prove the au- thenticity of the Works of Timour, yet no one qan pretend to fay, that fuch hijiorical Proofs do not exift. The learned of the Eaft muft be the beft judges whether they do, or do not merit their belief and veneration j and they have thought pro- per to beftow upon them both the one and the other. It is much to be regretted, that the Life of Timour, written by himfelf, is not to be found in Europe : if that, and the Infti- tutes xxiv JMr. DAVY'S LETTER, &c. tutes could be tranflated and publlHied together, fuch is the ac- curacy of the narrative, fuch the importance of the matter, and fuch the lights that they would mutually refledt on each other, that it would, I conceive, be impofHble for any one to read them, without acquiefcing in their Authenticity from the /«- ternal Evidence alone. Yours, moft afluredly. WILLIAM DAVY/ ( XXV ) Account of the Portrait of Tim our. The Note and Letter here following are printed from a Book of Eaftern Portraits given by Mr. Pope to the Univerfty. They are fufficiently explicit in them- felves and require no Illujlration, tt nr^ii I s Book (containing one hundred and feventy eight ** X Portraits of the Indian Rajahs continued to Tamer- ** LANE and the great Mogols his fucceflbrs as far as to Au<- ** rengzebe) was procured at Surat by Mr. John Cleland, •* and given to the Bodley-Library, as a token of refpeft by ALEX. POPE." 1737- ^miotiommi^)iOiiWMmiy(^^ To Mr. EvERARD, Fellow of Braze-Nofe College, Oxford. London, the jB"*. July, 1760. ** \A/^'^^ S*"^*' pleafure it is. Sir, that "I cotnply with V V your intimation to me of a defire to know fome par- ticulars of that Colk<^ion of the Miniature Portraits of the fovereigns of IndoHian prefented by Mr, Pope to the Bodleian library at Oxford, infcribed with his name an4 min^. *• While I was in India fometime before the year fpyeri- tecn hundred and forty, one of the Mogul's generds was with an army incafiiped before the town pf Sural, of which Tegbeg Khaun was then governor for the Mogul. On thofe occafions d the xxvi ACCOUNTOF THE the general never enters the town himfelf, but deputes certain officers to the governor, under pretext of taking cognizance of his condiidl, but in faft to receive a bribCj in form of a prefent, not to make too ftrid a fcrutiny. '* Tegbeg Khaun, who was far from being on good terms with the court, being obliged to proportion his prefent to the need he flood in of abfolution for the paft, and protedlion for the future, fent the general fome lacks of rupees, not lefs than to the amount of three or four hundred thoufand pounds. But that fuch a tranfadlion may not appear too barefacedly what it always is, a corrupt bargain, the general ufually makes the governor fome prefent, which is to pafs for a return. On this occafion then the Mogul general fent Tegbeg Khaun a fabre fet with rubies, emeralds and diamonds, worth perhaps at mofl three or four thoufand pounds, together with this Book con- taining a fet of Miniature Portraits of the fucceffive fovereigns of Indoftan for feveral ages back. They are in colours, on vellum-leaves, and are copies from a feries of originals in the Mogul's palace. *• That they are not fancy- pidlures, there is great reafon to believe (independent of the prefumption in their favour from the circumftance of their being a prefent on fo capital an occa- fion from one great. officer of ftate to another) it being well known, that fuch a fet of pitftures adtually exifts in the royal palace, it hardly feems improbable that a copy was taken from them. And heje it is obfervable, that the Mogul-moors have nothing of that averfion to images or pictures, which is even a point of religion to the Mahomedans in general. But thefe Moguls retain fo much of their Tartarian origin as to tolerate all religions, and even to incorporate theirs of the Tbien, fuch as the court of China dlfo profeffes, with the predominant religion of whatever country they Conquer; fof the greater eafe of preferving their conciuefts by this political conformity. "'"' ' ' Th-e PORTRAIT OF TIMOUR. xxvii " The portrait of Tamerlan (Timur-lang) in this collec- tion, and perhaps the only one extant in Europe on which any- "dependence for genuinenefs may be reafonably had, feems to favour the belief of its authenticity, in that you may very clearly remark in it the diftinftive Tartar lineaments, a broad ^ flattifli face, with fmall eyes. Thefe in his fon and fucceflbr, are fonjewhat lefs confpicuous, and, as the line of d:efcent pro- ceeds, they melt by degrees wholly into the foftnefs of th& Indian features. , " It may alfo be obferved, that the Moors, or Mahomedan fovereigns of Indoftan, are in this coUedion diftinguifhed from the Gentoo ones, by the fafhion of the ikirts of their robes, which in the Gentoos, hang on each fide, cut at bottom into an angular form, as all the Rajahs wear them to this day for an enfign of royalty. .'■'■•' \ *' However, this book, fuch as it is, was by the governor Tegbeg Khaun made a prefent of to Mr. Frazer, the fame who, at my inftance and requeft, tranflated from a Perfian manu- fcript the account of Shah Nadir's (the famous Thamas Kooly Khaun's ) expedition into India i and who brought home a curious collection of oriental manufcripts, moft of which once belonged to the royal library of Ifpahan, and had efcaped the rage and barbarifm of the Aphgoons, or Ophguan invaders, under Emir Veifs and his fucceflbrs. ** Mr. Frazer having parted with this Set of Portraits to me, I fent it to Mr. Pope, with whom I was then in corref-^ pondence j and who wrote me. That judging it too great a curiofity for his private ftudy, he had done it the honour of preibnting it to the Bodleian Library. d 2 I need xxviii ACCOUNT OF &c;. "I NEEt) riot, I pfefume, idfift on how agreeable fuch a difpofal muft be to one fo penetrated as I have ever been with fentiments of veneration for an univerfi^, which in quality both of a fpriag-head of learning and of a noble confervatory of literature, is fo juflly confidered as a national ornament and honour. But I now receive from that circumflance a frefli pleafure in its furnifliing m^ an occafion of aiTuring yourfelf of the truth with which I mofl: refpedlfully am. Sir, Your moft obedient humble Servant, JOHN CLELAND." {' xxix ) )JG8C3fl()i()JO*()9e^^)JG9OK^5fiC^^)^)ie^^)J(¥5«(^^)^)K50O^)S()«5J( ^e following fyftematized F'iew of the Matters con- tained in the Work o/" Ti m o u r was fent me by my learned and refj^e&ed Friend Mr. Henderson of Pembroke College, to whom my Thanks are due for this (jdmmunicaiion, and whofe own Words wiltbefl ferve to introduce it. SU C H a colle bufinefs, than that he fo fubmit to the fubjedls as to be expefted or conftrained to fub- Biit again. Toa VIEW OF THE WORK. XXXV Too great a {hare of government Ihould be trufted to none. Neither difcretionary power. But govern- ment is to be divided into as many pofts as may be. Then every one's own bufinefs and watching over others will keep the fupremacy fafe. 225. Rulers Ihould have and maintain a dignity of authority : a majefty, which can overawe from prefuming at all againft them. 227. The power of every officer, even the moft inferior, to be abfolute oi^er all below.* 231. The learned and divines to have fubfiftence from the prince. 235. A province ihould be infpedled on the third year. And if popu- lous, plentiful and fatisfied, the governor fhould be continued. Elfe removed -, and receive nothing for three years. 241. Tax-gathering may be enforced by menaces-: but not corporal pu- nifhment. ibid. " The governor whofe authority is inferior to the, power of the feourge is unworthy to govern, ib. Ameers to be tried by their Peers. 245. Minifters not to be condemned but on fair trial and clear proof. Becaufe manyfeek their ruin, either envying them, or plotting againft their fovereign. ibid. Peculation in minifters of reve- nue to be made good from their own fortunes. 249. They whom a minifter patronizes will deceive and betray him : whom he negledts oppofe him. ibid. Extortion and rapine in all cafes to, be punifht and righted by re- ftitution. 251. The ecciefiaftic judge to decide of caufes and crimes cognizable by ecciefiaftic law. The civil judge to order the reft. 253. A minifter 'ftiould be firm and generous, intelligent and fagacious, be able to live in harmony with the fubjefts, be patient under difficul- ties,, and cultivate peace, ibid. Such a minifter fhOuld be diftin- guiflit by honor, a poft of au- thority, the confidence of his maf- ter, and difcretional power, ibid. The minifter equal to his office is juft and moderate (concerning government, land and property ) never appears a hypocrite, fpeaks we,ll of the foldiers and fubjefts, neither fays nor hears ill of others, behaves fo prudently as to turn a man's mind from bad intentions, arid does good for evil. 255. Office muft not be conferred on the wicked, the envious, the revenge- ful, or the feditious. ibid. If a minifter be too compliant the worldly-minded will bear him down. 259. N.B. That minifter is wife who regulateth royalty by a juft know- ledge of mankind, ibid. The dignity '' of empire is fup- ported by extenfive territories, by a rich treafury and numerous ar- mies, ibid. * This belongs to an univerfity, or other abfolute government. And is beft for fuch. This Ihews how nearly approche fuch government, ariftocrafy and democracy. The mere fubjedt has /ffa^iy lords. . ^ The dignity, but not the true welfare. As littlq fttmy as fafely may ; and well filled, not large territory, are beft. e 2 A good 3£XXVl Mr. HENDERSO N's A good minifter in affairs of the empire, feeth not his ejiemy.' 261. N.B. That is a valuable minifter who keeps in eye- the population and cultivation of the country, the profperity of the fubjefts, _ the ftrength of the army, and the ful- nefs of the treafury. ibid. He is afkiiful minifter who can, in fit time, divide or unite the fub- jeils and armies -, who can remove the difficulties of his fovereign, and can bring the confufed matters of adminiftration to order. 265. An inferior officer ftiould not do the work of a fuperior ; nor vice verfa. 273. The feveral officers of different departments ftiould ftate to the prince in council the truth of thfe affairs under their jurifdiftion : to be recorded, by official fecreiaries for the council and a fecret one for the prince, in private confidence. 303. et feq. Regular accompts to be taken of receipts and expenfes in each de- partment. 307. A minifter ftiould ( at leaft ) do that for the king which he experts from his own fteward and Major domo. 313. A good fervant does his duty, becaufe he loves his mafter. ibid. A good minifter takes not affront nor meditates revenge for the flights or chidings of his prince : but takes his fovereign's faults on his felf. * 315- The fervant whole eye is on the gleanings of his mafter will over- look his duty. 315. He who forgetteth his duty ' ftioiild be trufted no more. ibid. *' "the fervant who in the hour of trial fearcheth after excufes, who on the day of enterprife demandeth his difmiffion, who keepeth his eye on the means of retreat,' and who transferreth till to- morrow the bufi- iiefs of to-day, let the names of fuch fervants be held in contempt, and let them be delivered over to the Almighty." " ibid. If a good fervant be any how put to ftiame, let it be repaired. 317. "When one who had forfaken his mafter, returns of his own accord, lethim.be received with honor. « ibid. That fervant, who was good and faithful to his former mafter, is to be received with honor,' and pro- moted if he come to another : and the contrary, ibid. When a fervaint in policy pre- tends friendftiip to his matter's foe, he ftiould be confidered as a wife friend. But if it be earneft, let him be given to the enemy. 321. When Timour conquered the kingdom of Tooraun, he behaved alike to his friends and enemies j * That is, I. is intimidated by no oppofition to his well-doing; 2. has no confide- ration of his own private enmities. His power is never the tool of his own revenge. ^ N,£, Under an oriental mailer. ' i.e. His otvn fafe and advantageous retreat j not that of the adventure. 61, 65, 77,79, 81,83.' '. tinued VIEW OF THE WORK. xli tlnued in the caftles. And I faw it was not good that I fhould fend my armies againft them. And I wrote a fummons, as if- from Ouleaus Khaujeh. And I gave it to an Ouz- buk, and I fent forces with him. Ajid I commanded them to (hew themfelves, and to raife a great duft. And when the Ouzbuks received the fummons of Ouleaus Khaujeh,* calling them to him, " and faw the duft raifed by my people, they quitted the caftlesjnight after night,*= and fled. And the land of Mauwur u Nuhur was delivered from thofe oppreflbrs, who had fought to flay me. And that kingdom fabmitted to my government.'"* 105. " Although 1 had determined to put them to death, yet as they were warriors, I faw it was good that I fliould difpel their fears, and employ them in war." " log. " And I faw my fuccefs in this, that I fliould throw the people of Khoraufaun into the fleep of neg- ligence. And I turned toward Sum- murkund. And when, from the news of my return toward Summur- kund, MuUik Gheaus u deen had fat down quiet, I refolved thus, * Now the hearts of the people of Khoraufaun are no longer affraid of me, I mufl: fall upon them.' And I wrned back. And I marched with ipeed. And. coming to Hurraut I took Mullik Gheaus u deen in the fleep of fecurity." iii. " I faw my advantage in this; that I fliould fpeak fair to his am- baflfador, and difmifs him, and fliut up the road to the Duflit,'' and ap- point an army to fet out after the ambaflTador : And that on the day after that on which the ambaflTador fliould enter the prefence of Auroos Khaun without fufpicion, whilft Auroos Khaun fliould be unpre- pared, my forces fliould aflault him. And even while the ambaflador re- lated his ftory my vidtorious ar- mies, like an unforefeen calamity, poured on the head of Auroos Khaun. And Auroos Khaun had not the power to oppofe them. And the Duflit of Kipchauk was fubdued." 115. No more army to be taken on an expedition than can be maintained. (Elfethey will mutiny or decay.) e 121. " And my people were a hun- gered. And the army of Touk- tummifli Khaun were full. And my chiefs and my Ameers fet not their hearts upon battle, until my fons and my grandfons came and kneeled down, and devoted their lives unto me. And at this time the' fl;andard- bearer of Touktum- mifli plotted fecr-etly with me. " And I found it was good that I a As they believed. * Perhaps to ftrengthen his army for fome fudden expedi- tion. *= To keep it as fecret as might be, that the caftles were unmanned. *• What became of the Ouzbuks who left the caftles ? Did not they -go toTimour's army, taking it for Ouleaus Khaujeh's i Were not they then taken prifoners .' Timour fays nothing of them. ' But they muft be watched. ' Why ? To retard the ambaflador ? If he made it qaite impaflable, there muft have been fome other ( probably longer or worfe) road which the ambaflador took, « This admits fome variety, when the army can be fuftained at coft of the enemy — as in foraging or plundering the country. •■ Seep. 17;. for fimour's private opinion, and, in general, public acknowledgment of fiich behaviour, f fliould xll 11 Mr. H E N D E R S O N's fhould afiault the foe. And that when the two armies were engaged, the ftandard- bearer of Touktum- mifh Khaun (hould invert his ftan- dard." And when the flames of war and of {laughter afcendcd high, I commanded that the tents fhould be pitched, and that they fhould prepare viftuals.* And at this time the ftandard of Touktummifh Khaun was inverted. And Touk- tummifh, difmaid and confound- ed, gave the tribe of Jouji to the wind of defolation ; and turned his back on the field of {laughter, and fled." 123. WhenTimour's Ameers objefted to attacking Hindoftaun,he anfwer- ed them faying, " I will feek the fign of war in the Koraun." And they all confented thereto. And this facred verfe came forth, " O Pro- phet ! fight with the infidels and the unbelievers." 'v 131. "I deliberated with myfelf con- cerning the Ameers, whether I fhould throw them down from their commands; But fince I myfelf had exalted them, I fought not to pull them down. And I treated them with kindnefs, although they had angered me." 133. " And the whole of my army was 92 thoufand horfe-men : ac- cording to the number of the names of Mahummud, the prophet of God. And I took this number as a fortunate and a happy omen." " It came into my mind, that if I fhould refolve on fubduing the caftle of Dehli, perhaps the war might be long and tedious. And I counfelled with myfelf, that I would make myfelf appear weak in their fight : that the enemy mighc gain couragej'and fight with me on the plane."* And I dug a ditch round my army, and I ftrengthened my- felf within that ditch. And I fent a force to meet them. And I com- manded the foldiers that they fhould fhew their felves weak and fearful. And when the enemies found their felves powerful, they exulted. And they came into the plane. And they oppofed my vidiorious armies face to face. And Sooltaun Muhmood, the ruler of Dehli, came into battle. And he was defeated, and he fled a The ftandard feems equally important in moll armies. '' David fpeaks of a table fpread in fight of enemies. Tintour did this to fhew his defiance of the foe, and certainty of viftory. This.if he gained the conqueft, would give him confidence among the foldiers. But how if the already falfc ftandard-bearer had been falfe to Timour ? How if his feeming plotting with him had been really againft him ? This is one of the many rifques w^hich heroes have been remarked for running. Had they failed they would have been called ralh. Having profpered-they are ftiled glorious. It may be fometimes »fr^ry to dare at hazard. But events alter not the characters of aflions. Nor is that the beft glory which is acquired by chance, ' Timour was refolved in his felf. He wiihed an omen that fliould fuit his refolution. He was prepared to eonftrue a doubtful one in it's favor. Do Chriltians always confult their bible more impartially ? Even in matters of doftrine, where paffion and rntereft are generally lefs concerned ? ---This ufe of the Koraun is of the fame kind with auguries and other omen-feekings. It is an addrefs to popular prejudices. It is applying a ftrong motive. — How defirable that princes in Chriftendom would, at leaft, as implicitly obey the more peaceable dic- tates of their gofpel, as the hero Timour did the warlike verfe of his fighting Prophet I * They were in the caftle. toward VIEW OF THE WORK. xlili toward the mountains. And fpoils, and wealth, above meafare, fell to my foldiers." 139. "And I let loofe the brave men."' 143. *' I gave encouragement to my foldiers. And with money, and with jewels', I made them glad of heart. And I permitted them to come into the banquet. And in the field they hazarded their lives. And I withheld not from them my gold nor filver. And I educated, and trained them to arms. And to alleviate their fufFerings, I myfelf •fliared in their labors, and in their hardfhips." 161. " I hazarded my perfon in the hour of danger." i> 1 63. " I kept my foldiers fufpended between hope and fear." 199. *' The chiefs and the command- ers of my forces I admitted to my councils. And I raifed them to ex- alted dignities. And I affociated,and converfed familiarly with them." 207. *' I loved thofc intrepid warriors who had given repeted proofs of their courage and abilities.' And I propofed queftions to them con- cerning the art of war, and the va- rious modes of advancing in the field of battle, and of retreat in fi- tuations of peril, and the methods of charging and breaking the lines of the enemy, and of flcirmilhing, and all the other operations of war. And I placed confidence in them. And I confulted their opinions in proportion to their Ikill and expe- rience." 207. "The brave from among my foldiers I diftinguilht by gifts and honors." 209. " I kept my troops in a ftate of readinefs. And I advanced to them their wages,even before it was due." ibid, "My foldiers of every rank I confined in fuch fort to their feve- ral ftations, that they could not ftep beyond the limits prefcribed to them." ibid. " Relative to the various tribes who fought fhelter under my go- vernment, Thofe who were foldiers I ordered to be incorporated with my troops, and entertained accord- ing to their rank &c." 217. " And the genuine defcendant of a foldier refolute and brave, of whatever tribe, I ordered to be en- rolled in the number of my for- ces."* 219. N.B. Particular regulations for the army are here omitted. They are detailed, p. 229 &c. " I commanded that. if any one of my (bldiers, exceding the limits prefcribed him, Ihould injure, he ihould be delivered into .the hands of the injured perfon, that he might retaliate." 251. " By experience it is known to me, that he only is equal'to fta- tions of power, who is well ac- quainted with the military art, and Avith the various modes of break- ing and defeating armies : who in a " Let flip the dogs of war." * A part of charafter eflential to a war-chief. ' Both thefe were neceflary to make a foldier important with Timour. And a gene- ral, who makes j/?/'perfons important, will gain as much confequence as he gives. — The like is true ia all governments as well as the military. ^ fortes crcantur fortibus. f 2 the xllv Mr. H E N D E R S O N's the hour of battle giveth not his heart from his hand, nof permitteth apprehenfion to take pofleflion of his foul : who can diredt the efforts of his troops ; and if their ranks be thrown into confufion can by his abilities reftore them to order : who can rule armies with majeftjr and authority, and who hath the vigor to chaflife thofe who rife in oppofi- tion to his commands." 269. A fuperior officer fhould not be fent on a fervice which an inferior can do. 273. " Every one of the Ameers who from a fpirit of enterprife demanded employment, his requeft fhould be granted*. ibkL "Ah "atchievement from atten- tion to perfonal fafety in the mo- ment of peril fhould not be fegard- ed," 275. " The right of the warrior fhould not be injured. The foldier grown in years fhould not be deprived of his flation or wages. The actions of the foldier fhould not be fup- prefl. For thofe men who fell their permanent bappinefs for perifiable ho- nor are worthy of reward."'' 277. Every foldier to have the (extra^ price of his fervices paid him. — Hoftile foldiers, captive, not to be killed, have it offered to ferve in the conqueror's army, or liberty. ' — If a hoftile foldier, br^ve and faithful to his own commander, from choice or neceffity come un- der another authority, his good qualities and adions to be rated as if originally in the latter fervice. 279' "1 ^ordained, that whoever of my Ameers fubdued and wrefted a kingdom from the hands of the enemy, that for the fpace of 3 years • the vice-gerency of that kingdom. fhould be conferred on him."* 291. The foldier who . turns his face from the foe, muft appear no more. — He who on the day of enter- prife demandeth his difmiflion, be in contempt &c. 315. " If, one fight valiantly and de- feat his foe, let not the infinuations. of the envious he heard to his pre- judice. Permit not his glory to. be concealed. But let it be exhibited ia ten-fold fplendor."* 321. » If he failed, hi* own felf-willed temerity was the caufe. If he profpered, the fruit was the prince's. •> What a fale ! What a fentiment f - ' That Ihould be on promife to ceafe hoftility. ■> But care muft be taken againft his oppreffioh and pe- eulatioB. « For many good military direftions, fee p. 375. et feq. VIEW OF THE WORK. xlv REMARKABLE EVENTS. TI M O U R with 243 war- riors fubdued a caftle forti- fied by 1200. P. 7. He was once brought low. He had but 7 on horfes, and 3 on foot. He carried his wife (whom he calls "honored"* ) behind on his horfe. He wandered in the defert, and one night alighted at a well. Three of his people ^ran away with 3 horfes. So he had 7 men and 4 horfes left. Yet he was ftrong of heart and did not lament. Then Aali Beg came upon him, carried him off and im- prifoned him in a place full of ver- min, with a guard over him. There he lay 62 days. Then he wrefted a fword from his guards, attackt them and they fled. Upon which hepre- fcnted his felf before Aali Beg. Who being confounded made excufes, gave him his liberty, reftored his arms and horfes, adding as a prc- fent a lean horfe, and a worn out camel : but kept back part of his property. 35. " And I implored All-mighty God that He would deliver me from that wandering life. And I had not yet refted from my devotions when a number of people appeared afar oflf. And I mounted my horfe and I came in behind them. And I afked of them, faying, " Warriors who are Ye ?" And they anfwered unto me, " We are the fervants of Ameer Timour, and we wander feeking him, and lo ! we find him not." And I faid unto them, " I alfo am one of the fervants of A- meer; how fay ye if I be your guide and bring you unto Him ? " And one of them put his horfe to fpeed and went and carried news to the leaders, faying, " We have found a guide who can lead us to Ameer Timour." And the leaders gave orders that I (hould appear before them. And they were three troops. And.when thetr eyes fell on me they were overwhelmed with joy. And they alighted from their horfes, and they came and they kneeled, an^ they kifled my ftirrup. And I alfo came down from my horfe, and took each of them in my arms.^ And they wept. And I wept. And we mounted our horfes, and came to my dwelling. And I Gollefted my people together and made a feaft. And on the next day Share Behraum, who had feparated from mci Jo the narrownefs of his heart, arrived alfo. And he made excufes. And I took him into my arms. And: I accepted his excufes. And I treat- ed him'with fuch kindnefs that he came forth from his confufion." 53.. " Ameer Sheikh Mahummud, the ion of Biaun Suldozej was always, drinking wine and ftrong fpirits. And in the end the wine deftroid him, and he departed from the: world. And I took poITeffion of hi* lands," 89. *' When Ameer Hoofieirf lent > Remarkabk ia the EaS. Vi£ii:@> xlvi Mr. H E N D E R S O N's unto me a Koraun by which he had taken an oath that nought was in his "heart but friendfhip and bro- therly afFedlon towards me, and fent a meffage unto me, faying, "If there be ought in my heart Contrary to that which I fay, and if I break my oath and do evil unto thee^ may this book of God feize upon me."" Seeing that I thought him a true believer, I put confidence in his words. And he fent a perfon unto me, and a meflage, faying, «' If it may be fo that we may fee each other in the pafs of Chukchuk and renew our antienl faitli, truly it will be better." And this was his de- fign': that by perfidy and treachery he mi_i,ht feize on me. And altho' I knew that much faith was not to be placed on his word or on his oath, yet oUt of refpedt to the holy Koraun I refolv.ed that I would go to meet him. But I determined that I would firft fend a number of my refolute warriors and fecrete them round about the pafs of Chuk- chuk, and thac I my felf would* go with another body of my people, and fee AmeerHoolTein. And I fent advice to my friends, who were the fbllowers of Ameer Hooflein, that they Ihould inform me of his de- figns. And Share Behraum, who was of my friends, ■* informed me of the defigns of Ameer Hooflein. And Ameer Hooflein flew him : ' and fet out with a tboufand horfe- mdh to come upon me. And at that time I had pitcht my tentsat the entrance of the pafs, and this news came unto me. And Lorder- ed my forces- And behold the Van-guard of Ameer Hooflfein ap- peared in fight. And my Kurrau- vulaun brought word, faying, " It is the army of Ameer Hooflein. , And Ameer Hooflein cometh not with them'. For he hath heard that Ameer "i is come alone, and he hath fent an army to feize Thee." And behold I was prepared, and two hundred horfe-men' were all that were with me. " And I waited un- til the forces of Ameer Hooflein: had entered the pafs. And ! fent a meflenger to the people whom I had fent before me, and I commatnded them to feize the way of retreat. And I my felf oppofed,them face to face. And I encldfed my ene- mies in that pafs, and took many of them prifoners. And Ameer Hooflein was confounded and made excufes. And I had faith in him no more. And I was no more decei- ved by his words." lOI. "When in an engagement with Toukturamifh Kh'aun my forces' were thrown into confufion by the. - * Was this imprecation implied in tlie oath, and' only repcted in another foriri'according to the Eaftern manner ? Or is it fomewhat more ? The oath only affuring thafthc profef- lion was as true as that by which it was fworn. And the (fiifipofed or real) book of God, among it's believers, is elleemed the pureft ani4 roqtt certain trath. Therefore to fwear falfely by it is the grcateft crime. It is to Jay that a wicked lye is as true as the divine *Prd. If this be«ccompted to Incur the curfcs of the book, the oath implies an impreca- tion. '' He had revolted ih)m Timotir and was reconciled, p. 55. Yea twice. 87. "= A. reconciled foe,, even a faithleis friend (as in this' In&ance)' reeattciM, may prove a friend faithful unto death. Who then would revenge ? "^ Timour. ' About his perfon. Not including thofe fent before, and fecieted round the pfe. '■'--' fuperior VIEW OF THE WORK. ^IvII fuperior numbers of the enemy, Meer Zeau u deen, noted for the efficacy of his prayet-s, bared his head and ftretched forth his arms in fupplication ; his pray«r was rtot yet concluded when the effefts of his mediation became apparent." 207. " When one of my wives was affli6ted with a deadly diftemper, 12 holy Siuds celebrated for their piAy aiflembled together. And e^ch of them devoted a year of his own exiftence to her prefervation. And - fhe was reftored to health : and en- joid the full meafure of their dona- tion." » 207. " Several of thofe in whom I confided, from envy and rtialice communicated fiditious tales to me, both m public and private, to the prejudice of Ameer Ubbaus •, who was one of my moft powerful and moft faithful chiefs. And they kindled the fire of my refentment by their falle reports. And in the moment of anger I ordered him, unheard and unexamined, to be put to death. And in the end I difcb- vered the perfidy of his accufers. And I was afhamed and confound- ed at my own condudl." " 247. " Mullick Shaah , Sijjokee dif- graced his Vizieer Nizzaum ul Moolluk, who was adorned with every great and fliining quality ; and appointed an ignoble and worth- lefs- man in his place. By the ill conduct, vicioufnefs and villainy of that minifter the foundation of the power of Mullick Shaah was over* turned." 255. " Mun^uli Booghau advanced with an army againft me. And be- fore the engagement 1 fent propo- fals to him, -and endeavored to draw him over to my fide,' But he for- got not his duty to TughuUuk Ti- mour Khaun. A.nd he formed his troops in order of battle. And he charged my forces with undaunted refolution. And he was defeated. And when, he afterwards voluntari- ly came unto me, I railed him to an exalted Ration. And fuch were the favprs which I coijfef red, upon him, that if any refentment remain-: ed in his heart, it was obliterated. And he iignalized his felf in my fervice, and conferred obligations on me. And when I encountered Kurrau Eufoof, in the moment that my troops were difcouraged and thrown into confufion he placed on his fpear the head of a hoftile com- mander. And he named it the head of Kurrau Eufoof and called to my forces, that Kurrau Eufoof was llain. And he gave courage to my Ibldiers. And he rufht on the centre of Kurray Eufoof 's line, and drove him from the fields." 281. " ,When the Khaukaun advanced agatnft Hurmuz, the fon of Nou- ftiarevaun, with an army of 3 hund- red thoufand fanguinary Tporks, that prinpe fent forth Bfthraum » i. e. Lived 1 2 years bnger. Could not he get a farther prolongation of her life ? or was he tired pf her ? * What rnuft be the feelings of .an honcft, humane tnind, in fuch a cafe ! From the horrible ipifeiy of fuch conduft how happily are thofe princes fecured whofe authority and it's adls the laws define ! What then is he Who would be ablolute ? knows he his own weaknefs ? knows he the craft of others ? or cares he not for mifchief ? ' Timour knew it would be for hisadvantage tofeduce Munguli Booghau. -Had he yielded to the tcmptationi Timoar would have deipifed, -dctefted, perhaps punillit him. Joubeen, xlviii Mr. H E N D E R S O N's Joubeen, who had been the mini- fter, and the eounfellor, and the general* of his father, with 320000 Perfians to oppofe him. And he engaged that prince. And for 3 days and for 3 nights the flaughter continued with great fury. At length he defeated the Khaukaun, and dif- patcht intelligence of his vidtory to Hurmuz. And he alio fent unto him the Ipoils which he had taken. And the envious arid the flanderous, who influenced the councils of Hur- muz, forged accufations againft him, -faying, " Behraum hath fe- creted the treafures of the enemy. And he hath feized to his felf the fword and the crown, and the buf- kins of the Khaukaun, orhamented with jewels of price." And Hur- muz forgot the fervices of Beh- raum. And he credited the accufa- tions. And he pronounced him a traitor. And, in token of his an- ger and contempt, he fent a chain to him, and a collar, and the veil of a woman. '' And Behraum Jou- been placed the collar on his neck, and on his feet he faftened the chain. And he clothed his felf in the female attire. And he called the Ameers and the chiefs of his foldiers to- gether. And thus habited he gave public audience to his people. And when they beheld Behraum they uttered revilings againft their prince. And they turned their hearts from their duty to Hurmuz. And under the banners of Behraum Joubeen- they proceded to the palace of the king. And they deprived him of his regal authority.'- " 285. * In warring countries it may be often convenient to unite thefe charadlcrs. •> How ■ poor femdes are defpifed in the Eaft .' Yet no where more loved. So do efleem and love differ. = Contrail with this Chughtai Khaun's. ftory. .p. 249. THEOLOGIC AND RELIGIOUS SENTENCES OF TIMOUR. VICTORY procedethnot from the greatnefs of armies, nor defeat from inferiority of num- bers. For conquefl is obtained by the divine favor [ and fkilful mea- fures,] P. 7. et feq. " If the canopy of heaveii were a bow, and if the earth were the cord" thereof, and if calamities were the arrows, if mankind were the mark for thofe arrows, and if All- mighty God (the tremendous and '-J'.^PPearjihence that the convexity of the terraqueous globe was not thovrght of by the Caliph. He confidered the flat, horizontal furface of the earth as like the cord. the V 1 c/ VV- \JV^ I tl^Hi WUJK.Ji. xlix thegldPioUS) were the unerring ar- cher — — to whom could the fons of Adam flee for protection ? The fons of Adam muft flee unto the Lord."' 17. Timour in all his aftions fought an omen from the Koraun-— ihis Plble." 19,75,89 &c. *' And 1 gave praife unto God, and I faid unco my fclf, God doeth great things for me.*^ 49. N.B. So he fays on all fuch occafions. ' " And on that night, which was a holy night, I kept watch. And when the morning broke I was em- ploid in prayer. And after repe- t'mg the prayers prefcribed by the law I lifted up my hands in fuppK- catjon. And in the midft of my fup- plrcation I wept. &c." 51. N.B. He was then diftrcft. Mark the good cSeftof this in " Remarkable -E- vcnts." ibid. ** And the hour of prayer- was arrived; And we prayed together*"* ^55- " I opened the holy book for an omen. And this facred verfe came forth' as a-fign. " How oft do the weak vanquiih the powerful, by the permiflion of All-mighty God." 75- " The forces of Ouleaus Khau- jeh fpent that night in watching. . And I- in that night, on the top o£ that hill, was emploid in humiiis'- tiovis and flipplications to the throne of All- mighty -God. And between" flee|)i£tg and waking I heard a voice as of fome one fpeaking to me, faying, " Timour, vi(3i>ry and con- queft, and triumph, are thine.** And when the morning broke f praid with my ipeople." ^ 79. *' And at this time. Baubau Aali Shaah came before me, and faid, "Timour, Gob All-mighty hath declared, that -if there were two Gods in the Heavens and in the' earthjtheorderi^theuaiiBeirfe would end in horror aiRd:xonfc)fion." And. I took twirning-by his words." 89. "By the favor of All^mighty God I obta^ined pdreflion of the caftle."* 99. ^' Timour having received an inli- didusi invitation, wherein: he fuf-< peifted' treachery and danger, yet becaufe it vms accompamed with a Koraunj on which amity had been fworn, out of refpefl: to the Ko* raun he refolved to go." ^ 101. "And I retted on the. favor of the All-mighty." * 127. i. , •* I will turn to AH- mighty GO0, that whatever be the will of God» that I may do." 131. " Having pitcht my tents to- ' ThU is applied to fliew, one muft repair to ^ hoftile fnperier, too ftrong to be kefified,- in fubffliilion. . ^ This has been (witb our Bii^)'an immemerislpiaflice among Clirif* tians.) (And a (imilar among many people:) Anfitn notes "fefflethat teok StrtesiTom tht gdfpeis. (Ep. J19.} The&me with the pTakna or gofpels, or any thing elfey is condemned in Charles the Great's Capitular. (Cap. 4.) Cedrenns relates that H^raclus ordered hi» army'le live purely three days, then opening the gofpels he conftnied* the ipkce{»efent«d as an order to winter ift Albany. ¥et'6t Blefenfis conftrued a viflon of bis from a paJTage opened on ifl the pfalter. (Ep;30.) fii plura, &c. Befide the SerMi Fir gi liana, mad, thelikft « Vid. Reiiiarkitble Events. i$d. * Imnlediatdy follows a fignal viftory. • Thi» was after a moll painful and pemous adventure. - Yet he attributes the fueeefs^o Goo alone* ' And efcaped, kiving defeated diofe Who attackt him . * Andprofpered. g ■ . »-' .'. ward M R. H ifi JN U ii K 5 U J.\ s ward Hindoftaun I repeted the prayer of vidtory." 133^ " Praife is due to tlie God of the univerfe, that He hath brought under my authority many of the kingdoms of the world." 147. ; " May Goo be merciful to that fervant* who knoweth his own li- rnits : and who placeth not the foot of temerity beyond hia proper bounds." ibid, n . . *' And among the rules which I eftablifht for the fupport of my em- pire, the firft was. That I promo- ted the worlhip of Almighty God : and at all ^imes, and in all places, fiipporfed the true faith."" 159. . •* It. is known . to me by expe- rience that every empire, which is not eftablifht in morality and reli- gion, (hall pafs away." i ^5. " I appointed a man of holinefs and illuftrious dignity to watch over the conduft of the faithful, that he ttjight regulate the manners of the times, ° and appoint luperiors in holy offices : and eftabliih in every city and in every town a dodlor learned in the facred law : ^ and ordain falaries for fuperior ecde- fiaftics and for holy men, and for men of knowledge." " lyj., " I commanded that they;fliouId build places of wqrflbip in every city." 179. "He put an end to thofe divi- fions. And by fo doing gave ftrength to our holy law." ^ i8j. . . , " Encreafe thou thy good adions that thy And perhaps both the third and tenth might live fo. The Eaftern hermits are not more alike than the Weftern. Timour's varie- ty appears to me thus. The firft were regular, authoritative divines. The third were good men : whofe merits and interceffions have gene- rally been believed to avail. The tenth were fuch as moreover had extraordinary communications with heaven : receiving thence miracu- lous revelations, gifts and powers. Thefe are really diftihdt in their felves. J *' Relative to the various tribes who fought {hfeltr'e under my go- vernment, I commanded that thofe who were Theologians (hould be received with reverence : and that all their defires Ihould be fulfilled : and that they fhould be fupported in affluence." 217. " Thy good aftions, and the blellings which the people of the All-mighty receive from thy hands, are equal to all the merits of pil- grimage and fandbity." * 263. *' In every nation He that feareth God, and worketh Righteoufnefs, is accepted with Him." » The notion that good perfons are fo iicceptafele to God, that for their fakes he confers favors on thelefs deferving, is not peculiar to the Chriftian or Mofaic oeconoray. —The blood of Jesus is faid to fpeak better than that of Abel. Not that the latter, as fome con- ttriie it, cried for vengeance. But the former was a better mediator. Abel was confidered as a mediator, and petitions offered to God in his name. His blood was efpecially facred, * Solitude no more proves fanftity than fanity. Many a fpiritual as well as carnal peft-houfe ilands alone. — This is borrowed from Fuller's " holy ftate." « Let this be fet againft foperftiUon. Platel 't>f,y^:72^6^ 1^ ^^^sTR^^/d^ ^[igi^j'a'WX'Ce*^ M-eui/rtt^. Plate 2 It / THE INSTITUTES OF T I M O U R. Book the First, DESIGNS AND ENTERPRISES. [ ^ ] CCss()s()s(5s()s(:c<3(3s('iS() jjj {jlX«l Jf^J ^jIaJL^:^ ^j^ASiiUM C>VMg»J^ * In order to account for the abruptnefs of this Exordium, it is neceflary to inform the Reader, that this part of the Work in the Original followed the Institutes, and by the Royal author was undoubtedly coniidered as a part of them, under the Denomination of Designs and Enterprises ; which he appears to have given as Models of Conduct to others in fimilarfituations.' But as it is prefumed that little more than the Name of Ti m o u r is known to the generality of Euro- peans, and as this part of the Work contains an abridged account of his moft [ 3 ] Book the First. DESIGNS AND ENTERPRISES. * ' I ^ H U S I formed meafures and defigns for the -*■ redudtlon of kingdoms, and for the obtainment of empire, and for defeating armies, and for circum- venting enemies, and for making friends of foes, and for going out, and for coming in, amongft friends and enemies. moft important Schemes and Enterprifes, which conrequently lead to a knowledge of the genius, abilities, and extraordinary actions of the man ; it has been deemed a proper introdu^ion to that part of the Work, which may with propriety be ftiled his Institutes. Another reafon for prefij^ing this part of the Work to the other, is, that from the fimplicity of the Narrative, it will (in the beginning) be better adapted to the ufe of thofe who are inclined to ftudy the Perfian Language. A 2 For DESIGNS AND ENTERPRISES J J a/ Owwf j% (jw tijjf 7b Ot^-lJoj ^jL,rtyiiJ j*i*j Jsxj JJt^Lsr^j (J^bu AA^Sia* Uoj Cii»**^ (J^srj y-^ !->, A^ lijj c^iil^ v-j^XXlo (j-j} ^j^=>j t Koottub ul Aktaub Sheikh Zine u deen Aboo Bukkur : a devout and learned man defcended from the Mahummudan Lawgiver, who foretold to Ti M o u R the power and greatnefs to which he would arrive. It appears that this prince cenfidered him in the light of a ghoftly father, confulted him Aa2S^ 6 t T I M O U R. ^ For my peer -f wrote unto m^, %ing, BookL «« Let Abu'l Munsour Timour, in condudting the ' '""^ <* iniporfarif concerns of government, take by the hand *• four affiftants j to wit, Dietiberatio'n, and Couiifdl, and ** Vigilance, and Circumfpedtion. *' For every government which fhall be ** vbid of deliberation and counfel, is like unto a foolifh ** fean, who erreth in all which he &yeth and doeth j ** and whofe adlions and words bring forth no fruit but *' fhame and repentance. It is therefore good that in "condudting the affairs of thy government, thou adl ** with deliberation and with couiifel ; that thoumayeft ** not in the end be afliamed and confounded. " And know, that the requifites for con- ** dudling the concerns of empire are one portion pa- " tience and forbearance, and one portion pretended neg-? ** ligence and feigning to know not that which thou *« knowcft — and that by adting with refolution, and with ** uprighfliefsj and WitJ^jpartieiice, and with vigilance, and ** with caution, and with bravery, every undertaking "will become eafy and fuccefsful. Farewell." And behold this letter was a guide Which pointed out to me the way; and fkewed unto me, that him on all occafions, and paid the moft implicit attention to his counfels. Peer in the Petfian language figrtifies eld or aged', hence a Father: which is the appellation by which Timour diftinguilhes him throughout this worlc, of 6 DESIGNS AND ENTERPRISES /USES. {Juj O*— **il (Ju\Jl£=>j j-^K^^j ^JJL^ &*as^ j\j^ j\ j^i fja^j ^j_A_>JvJj fjs: c-^U Ajlty ^l:sr JoUy ^1^= l;J;^> ^Ij^ VU«Ay« JUjUu (jJ^i*# U-«Jl£ L-t_A-J. oUam /-y^=» Jl AJ is — a — L_3 jOk ^[y*j jlj^ OtS;ljJ Lj ^4^1^ LJIX^ ^^_gWJ4^ (•l\-u|0>j^ js^**^ ]j{^^^ A*AJj C-wj^J yuJ\jj (jgJIju : :t c ; o r ; T I :M, O U R. , i . J of the requifites for conducing the affairs of dominion Book I. nine tenths are Deliberation, and Counfef, and provident Meafures i and that the Sword is one portion only. ■-' a . - Fok the experienced have faid, " By Po- *« ligy kingdoms may be conquered, and numerous hofts ** may be defeated, which by the Swords of united ar- " mies cannot be overthrown." And by experience it is known unto me, that one tried foldier, of magnanimity, and of bravery, and of refolution, and of fkill, and of circumfpedtion i& more valuable than a thoufand men v^ho want difcretion and knowledge. For one experienced and able foldier can direft the efforts of tho.ufands of thoufands. And by experience it is known unto me, that vidtory over the foe proceedeth not from the great- nefs of armies, nor defeat from inferiority of numbers : for conqueft is obtained by the Divine Favour, and by flcilful and judicious mcafures. T H u s, aided by deliberation and fore- fight, with two hundred and forty three warriors only, I came down on the caftle of Kurlhee. f And in the caflle and the neighbourhood thereof. Ameer Moofi and Mul- lik Bahaudur had fat down with twelve thoufand horfe- men ; and by the aid of Almighty God and by ikilful meafures I fubdued the caflle of Kurfhee. t A city of Mauwur u Nuhur, or Tranfoxiana, Long.. 99. Lat. 39- And, a DESIGNS AND liJNTliKJfKlSlilJ ^-^J L^J-" >•' -'U'*' ^^/ '''^-^!^'^ ^-^ iJjj:sJj jKjO L^Jj^ Ay.^" ji JL^' u^Vj r*^;^ o:1a«s. AAJ^j A^^j fju ji A*^ ;i r*J*^* (j'j**jJ "^-^^ o\j lXaamjS »A*a»»< f*JlJ ** • jK^JJj (^]j Ji£=> J\MMj ^j^ A_j^3rVj ^^Us:*** (j_j^_-a^ f-J^^-U^ ij^***^. ^ U^*A— ^. J^ *^=» ctJ.Q p T I M O U R. 9 And Ameer Moofi and Mullik Bahaudur, Book I. with their twelve thoufand horfemen, came and furroun- ' — '""^ ded me in the caftle of Khurihee. . And I refted on the favour of the Almighty, and I fallied forth v^ith flcill and with circumfpedtion from the caftle, and I affaulted them repeatedly. And with thofe two hundred and forty and three people I defeated twelve thoufand horfemen, and purfued them for many Fui-fungs.* And by experience it is known unto me, that counfel, and deliberation, and ikilful meafures are only to be found with the wife and the fagacious. There- fore, notwithftaniiing the conclufion of every, worldly event, is covered by the curtain of Fate, yet, according to the holy word of Mahummud (on whom be the Blefling of the Almighty) in every enterprife which I under- took, I ad:ed from counfel and deliberation. And when my counsellors and my advi- fers were afTembled together, I demanded thei^ opinions on the good and on the evil, and on the advantages and on the difadvantages of undertaking, or reliriquifliing, the enterprife before us. And when I had heard their opi- nions thereon, I myfelf examined both fides of their opi- nions. And I duly weighed the "advantages and the dif- • Furfung is a league of about fix thoufand yards. B iadvantages ; 10 DESIGNS AND ENTERPRISES i^jj jaiL, kSs (S^ Aaih^ J^-a» j^J^ Ou*.! Jj*^^ AJ '^J OF T i M O U k. n advantages j and I confidered the perils thereof with the Book I. eye of attention. And every plan, in which I difcovered a two-fold hazard, I r^jedledj and I chofe that in which the jjeril liws fingle. Tdus I advifed Tnghulluk Timour Khaun, when his" Ameers exacted the ftandard of rebellion in the Duiht of Jitteh. Behold he demanded cOunfel from ' me i and thus I fatd unto him — ■" If thou fend kn artoy *' to difperfe and expel them; a two-fold danger may be ** apprehended therefrom : * but if thou thyfelf advance «* againft them, one petil only." And he ^ded accor- ding to my counfel, and turned towards the Du(ht of Jitteh : and that which 1 had fore- told unto him, came to pafs. And I entered on every mc^fure with cotinfel aflid a:dvice; ; and in the eXecutionl of that rtrea- fure.I a^ed cea a plan which was uniform and good. And after exzpcxinigig the avenue of retreat, t entered on the extcutidn thereof. And by fkill, arid-% refolutiori, had by ©aution, and bf ' f , ^jj^ L. lyr pJvUj 2^- juj^ ^^ uCis. ji t^v : OP T I M o uvR.^ 51 a 13 And by experience it is fenown unto me. Book I. that thofe are worthy to be counfellors, who fteadfaftly adhefe to "that which they fay, and to that which they do J and who on no account telinquifh the mfeafures on which they have refolvedj and who, if they fay, "We f * will not do this," keep far from the action which they have condemned. And by experience it is known unto me, that there are two kinds of counfel — that which pro- ceedeth firom the tongue, and tliat whiclr'proceed^thiVpm the recefs of the heart. ' Ii turned my ear to that which proceeded from the tonguej but to the counfel of the heart, which I heard, I gave a place in the ^feafury of my fbuL , ^ .: . r . -t-^ '''" And in times of hbftility I 'fought counfel relative to peace ajid to war j arid I ftudied the hearts of my chiefs, whether they were defirous. o^ war or of peace. And if they advifed peace, I compared the advantages of peace with the perils of war. And if they propofed war* I opposed the profits and advantages thereof to the in-» convieniences and dangers that might follow from peace : and which ever appeared moft profitably that I preferred, and approved. ,;■.*:-. ■■■'/•..'--. yjo CE (' . . ,r .; ■ ,. liiiidi ! «' i^rifl- ., .1. . :.. .:-^ .■::.. ■i«c;j!ri"oi oAND -':. . ; -'r'rr. si hr.. , ■.I'.v-.X-.i ,<,,.' aH fl asfliHy" iy;.t\\v t 14 DESIGNS AND ENTERPRISES f^j^^ Lit c:vLXl« ^LU^s* AjyaA^ *£=» ^jK,l-Xlr ti^Sajy, ^j-s:**' AJlJj^j iuJ^l£.A^= C^^/*J r^^j^ ^ \ • ■•• i it QM^jj (y5^^ j-<^-^'j ^i^^ f ^. '■^ i^yj ci^«A&» q»Uj/ ^2^ Jl tjU*rf[^ Os=kLi J J^Ad jJ.^ *^^.^ J!^'j * i. e. Such as occalioned a difunion of fentiments among them, or ren- dered them doubtful or apprehenfive. ' f -h e. To Timour &c. commanding them to fubmit and come in to him. % Ameer fignifies a Prince^ or Leader ; and is a title given to all the no- bility o ^ TIM Q.U^R. :.i8ii:: j§: And I, hearkened oot tq thofe counfe.lg Book I. which divided the hearts of my fddiers. * And every ^""""^ counfelk)r who gave his opinion under the do^i^fon of fear, I turned my ear unto him : but to the man who fpoke with ju(%ment and with firmnefs, I liflened with attention. And I afked coijnfel froip all : l^ut I con- fidered the good and the evil of every opinion j and from each I feledied thofe things which were jud ao4 '■&^^ ' dient. ., . Thus when Tu^huHuk Timojur Kha^n, of the line of Chungaze, croiTed the waters of Khujjund with a determination to reduce the kingdomi of Mauwur u Nuhw, ajsd iffued mandates of fiiwimans iji jnyn«in»pj"t- and in the names of-Aniieer Haujee Burlaus J, and Ameer Bauezzeed Jullauir ; thofe chiefs aiked counfel of me^ faying, ** Shall \ye flee into Khoraulaun, with wut fa- " milies an4^ with our hords, or ihall we go an4 ^^ -T.u» «* ghuHuk Timour Khaun ?" I cbunfelted them, fay-' ing, ** There are two advantages and one peril' in feeing ** TughuUuk Timour ; and in fleeing to Khocaufaun ■. if-'j.-ni " ;' . "'Ji'> i '■' ' ' ■-■ ■ ' ;■;>'■■..-'■-' .i •3.i ' ;.i ,.- . '-. /i!'. . . .- 1'-. ■ a- A \ ■--fit j'aH bility of tbf ^ft 1^^ JA tb^ J^l^^ empire ; ftyb JU> tiie f^v^x^'i^t^joiy bodies of troops. I^mesx Haujfe jBurlsius wajt^poyicjif of Tinipur. H«t and Anieer Bauezzeed JuUauir were both chiefs of tribes in the kingdom, of Mauwur u Nuhur^ « '* there: r6 DESIGNS and ENTERPRISES Lac^ ^\^C^^ a)^ J^-a. Jv-jitj (^Ui. ;lc\j|^j • Le. By obeyipg the fummons of Tughulluk Timour it was poiEble that they might preferve their country from depredation, and enfure the fafety of their families and eiFeds, at the rlfque perhaps of their own lives. Whereas by difobeying the fummons, and retiring into Khoraufaun, they would Q OP TIM O ir R. i^ « there are two perils, and but one advantage."*. And Book I. they approved not of my counfel, and they turned towards ' '"^ Khoraufaun t and I alfo was divided within myfell", whe- ther I fliould retire into Khoraufaun, or whether I fhould fee Tughulluk Timour.. And on this occafion I afked counfel of my Reer j who in his anfwer wrote unto me, faying, ** It was once demanded of the fourth KhuUeefeh f (on ** whom be the mercy of the creator). If the canopy of ** heaven were a bow j ^nd if the earth were the cord ** thereof J and^ ^f calamities yvere tl^e arrows i if man- \ ** kind were the mark for thofe arrows ; and if Almighty " God (the tremendous and the glorious) wer? the uner- ** ring Archer J to whom, could the fons of Adam fl^c «* for proteftion ?" The Khulleefeh anfwerei'faying, " The fons, of Adiam'-ikiuft flee unto- the Lord ?^ Thus, it ** is thy duty at this time to flee unto Tughulluk Timour y ** and to take from his hand the bow and the arrows of ** wrath." And when I received this Anfwer, I became ftrong of heart, and I went, and I fa^ Tughulluk Timour Khaun. . ,• i ■''■•^ "- ■ ,; -^ v., - s. • i ■ ■ - ■'■.■■ would be banned -from their country, and deprived of their PtincipaHtfes; with no other advantage, but that of having fecured for a time their own perlbnal {kfety. t The Caliph Aali. C But .l8 PESIGNSi AND ENTER,PRISEb J kXj^t^ 0«>^. ^J-OU j^Ujt* C'cSiiXy^ Cl/^tlffj OcLCa> oof oJ^ Jj^* jljci. J^ jO &Jfe4>M C^Jjr«t ^!>?t JlyJt I;- Lot AAJ;. Jjt A^s ffOuJ yat. .^-Ti 1 ^ Ojf^ Oo^J Ojtffj Juijj OcJ.Ij j\ &£=> Jl^ ^j^ aXju^ But in cveiy adlion of the aSridns of my Book I. life, on which I had deliberated, I drew an omen from the facred Koraun, and I adled according to the direc- tion thereof. And when I fought a prefage in the Ko* RAUM concerning the feeing of Tughulluk Timou^, the 0iapter of Eufoof* (peace be with him) came forth: ajui I fdlowed the dire(3:iOn of the facved l|o6k< The first MEAstrfeE ^hich 'my heart Design (K^ated unto me coiteerniiig the^ feeing of Tughulluk Timour, was this. Having heard that Tughulluk Timour A. D. Khaun had appointed Begchuk, and HaujeeBdg of the a. Tim. Tribe- of Arkunuty and' Alhigfi Tuktirftotrr of the Tribe ^5' of Kurreetj^ and other Ambers of Jitteh, with three ar- mies,, to ravage an3 lay wafte the kingdom of Mauwur u Nuhur; and thaLtfiofe thhree armies under thoie Ameers were arrived at Khuzaaur,. laehold, Jtdeaemdd^k «iec©fi^ that, I fhould firft go unto them» and deceiw ,them by pre- fents, and excite their avrarice by temptations, tliat they mi^Jt withdraw their hands from defolating and ravaging the kingdom of Manwar u Nuhur, arid frpni; flaiighter>* ing the inhabitants thereojfj until I fliouTd go and fee Tughulluk' Timour KKaun. I' ■ ■-,'■, «•■- ... ....„* ^ ■ • • f. e. Jofcph. Alluding to the protedlion which that patriarch afForded to his family, when in Egypt. See Sale's Al Koran. Chap. 12. C 2 Anb 20 DESIGNS AND ENTERPRISES d^. (^T^j fi^* ^l' -^L? ^j-^j-*' 9^' J"^ ci/— «^ lXIJLJ (^l^.y)**Ck cXaJLo (j^UvJ Cj^'VJ OJ^ lAJvXjf jIanaJ .(jjIj^vJ j^ J*^ f*'^J J O^**^^ A^—> iSjJ)^ — >*>J *^^ OsaamjIJ Jb -^K*Le *I;LJj C^-^L-i' JI Ciw« Jj *^^ ij^u« ^^r o*cU jOj .Aji &Xsj^= T«^!;jU ^Ji^i Jl OF TIM O.U R. 31 a 21^ And when I came untothofp Acqeers, my Book I, power * Jinade an impreflion upon them, and they receiv- ed me with honour and refpedl. And behold their hearts, like unto their eyes, were blind and contradted, and the prefents which I gave unto them, feemed great in their fight : and they withdrew their hands from ra- vaging and deftroying the kingdom of Mauwur u Nu- hur. And I went, and faw Tughulluk Timour Khaun ; and he took my coniiing for a happy omen : and he afked counfel of me, and all that which he heard me fay» he approved. - t * " , Akd at this time news came to the ears' of Tughulluk Timour Khaun that the Ameers of. the, three armies had taken monies and gifts from the inha- bitants of Mauwur U Nuhur : and he inftantly command- ed thofe fums to be delivered up, and he appointed col- lectors thereof. And he forbad them to enter into Mau- wur u Nuhur ; and he turned them out from their com- mands i and he appointed Haujee Muhmood Shaah Yef- foori to fupply their place. ^^ And when intelligcn<;e of thgfe things reached the ears of the chiefs, they elevated the enfign of.enniity, and they retired towards their homes. And at this time they were met on their way by Aghlauot • Having taken all his own tribe, and all the principal people of Mau- wur u Nuhur along with him. Vide Fragna. Hift. p. 327 et 328. MS. Hunter. Khaujeh* 22 DESIGNS AND ENTERPRISES jl4__Mj jlj ^ JSao jt~=» 0**»j;J ^JtJKj O^ A^s- <.i^A**y • The president of his councH. ^ This circumftance is crEoneoufiy related in Aali Yezzudi ; who lays that the TQuna;?un of Kurrauchaur Nooyaun only was conferred upon h:ini». and that not by l^ehuUiik Timpur Khaun himfelf, but by the Leaders tf' its advanced guard. Vide Petis de la Croix's Hiftoire de Timqur Bek. Tom. I. p. 30, % A Toumaun is a military iief capable of fending forth ten thoufand fighting men: it alfy figniifies .that number. afrmeaxoll6£kd..togetheK, liiooyaiin, in the, ]\fi3guL language %nifies o. ^«»<^ 01 tbt dejcmdant tf a priifct* Kurrauchaur Nooyaun was the fifth anceftor of Tinour, and tt F T I M O U R. 2^ Khaujeh, who was the Deewaunbeghee,* ahd thd chief Book I. counfellor of the Khaun, and they drew him alfo over to ^""'-^ their fide : and they proceeded on their way to Jitteh. And at this time alfo news arrived that the Ameers of Toghulluk Timour had exalted the ftan- dard.of rebellioa* in the Duflit of Kipchauk : and thfe Khaun was difturbed in heart* and he aiked counfel of me; and he turned back his face to the Dufht of Jitteh. And he gave unto me th.e government of MauwIiT u Nuhur,"!- and in this matter he wrote a com- miiHon and an agreement ; and he reftored unto mfe the TbtimaunJ of AnJeef'Kumuchaurl^ooyatiri hi that Sirig- dom : and I became the ruler of all tj^e kingdom of Mauwor u Nuhar,. even t& the waters of Jihoort;^ And this aftion came to paf& in the beginning of my fdi'turie and power. And I found by experienc-e that one ikilful plan can pe^orm the fervice of a hundred thou^d- warribrs!. and the Vizzeee of Chtightai' Khiith^one oftlte^ftms 6F€lith|S!<^Khatnt> CGhenghis Cinii) '_^ § Thus it appears that Tugholhrk i"imbur Kfiawn^ wlb bad ttSniHiei no farther than Khojjund on the river Slhoon) and was i^naMe'to profecute the reduction of Mauwur u Nuhur on accoirtit of the^diffirtfion^'-wttiih, Timour had fbwh betwixt him and the chiefs of his army;, atid alfo 6n a;e- count of the rebellion of his Ameers in the Dufht of Kipchaalr, took adf- vantage of the fubmiiGon of Timour to obtain anbminal doniinititlover Mauwur u Nuhur, by conferring upoA him the title' of Viceroy in that kingdom!. Thr 24 DESIGNS AND ENTERPRISES y y^J AAjj-o o'^ jjri^^"^^^^ oj^ *^=' •^^1^=^ crWt? ^^=', c^-» J' I'^Llj^ ^:>^jJ^j CickLj j*Uo lyUi. A3j jJl^ ^^_^a».(j &_^U >>. g C^ * Kubbul Khaun and Kaujooli Bahaudur were twin brothers, and the fons of Toumuneh Khaun. Kubbul Khaun was the great grandfather of Chiingaze Khaun [Ghenghis Cdn], and Kaujooli Bahaudur was the eightii anceftorof Timour, and the great grandfather of Kurrauchaur Nooyaun, mentioned before. -^1 - i| Thus it appears, that Chiingaze Khaun and Timour both fprang jrotn the fame Aock, i.e. from Toumuneh Khaun; who was the fourth anceftof of Chungaze, Khaun, and the ninth anceftor of Timour. Toumuneh Khaun was fucceeded by his fon Kubbul Khaun, and Kubbul Khaun was fucceeded by Burtun Khaun in the fovereignty of the Moguls. .; And it appears that an agreement had taken place between Kubbul Khaun and Kaujooli Bahaudur (at the defire perhaps of their father Toumuneh Khaun) that the former (who was the elder brother,} and his pofterity fhpi^ld fucceed to the dignity of Khaun, and that the latter (who was the younger brother) and his pofterity ihould always Hll the poft of chief njinifter and leader of the forces ; and that the defcendants of both (hould, by this agree- ment between their fathers, be bound to live in conftant frie;id{hip.and amity with each other. And this is the agreement Ihewn by TughuUuk Timour Khaun, who was defcended in a right line from Chungaze and Kubbul Khaun, 'o # T I M O U R. 25 The second d£sign which I formed in Bookl. the beginning of my fortune and power» was this. iJ^^^ When Tughulluk Timour Khaun drew an "' army on the kingdom of Mauwur u Nuhur a fecond ^-R', time, and broke his engagements, and took from me^'^^*** the government of Mauwur u Nuhur, and delivered it over to Ouleaus Khaujeh his fon, and offered me the poft of counfellor and g^eral to that prince, and ftiewed imto me the agreement between Kaujooli Bahaudur, and - Kubbul Khaun ; * I alfo, on account of the engagement* and agreements of my anceflors, confcnted to lead his armies. Khaun, to Timour, deftended in a right line from l^apjooli Baliaudur : who, on perufing the abo7e-menttoned agreement, confidered himfelf bound to accept the appointment offered him by Tughulluk; Timour. Thus Timour, in Fragm. of Ht/i. p. iz8. 1. 3. MS.'Hunter, fays. \ f jj6 DESIGNS ANP'ENTERPRISES C^^IJO* o^^ C^AkL. jl Aa^l^a. t^yi^ ^vb:» *^W ' c^'r»' '^^ '-r^'*' t..^^*^ u^L? f^'^ (^^J^ ^Jli(i^ i. e. " In the beginning of the year of the Mejra 762 [A. D. 1360] when " TughuUuk Timour Kh^un drew an aicmy a fecond time inio Mauwur u *' Nuhiir, he lent unto me a mandate, ordering me before him ; and I " went to meet him, and I faw IMm. And he broke his engagements, and " delivered over Mauwur u Huhiir to.hU fon Ouleaus Khauj^> and ap- " poinjted me the leader of his forces.. And when he faw that I was difla- ** tisfied with hi& proceedings, he fhewed unto me the- agreemisnt between " my anceftor Kai^ooli Bahaudur and Kubbul Kkiiv^ And when I read ** that agreement (which they had engraved on a tablet of fteel) fetting "fiarth, aZ*JJ C OP T I M O U R. 27 And when the cruelties and the oppref- Book I. fions of the Ouzbuks became great in the kingdom of Mauwur u Nuhulr, (for behold they had earrtfed into fiavery feventy Siudsy.and fons of Siuds) and the pow^ of Ouleaus Khaujeh availed him nought, and he ^vas no longer able to reftram their cruelties and opprefliohs j in ' the fpirit of authority I rufhed upon the OuzbUks, and I delivered thb oppreiTed frotn thd hand of the opprefTors. And this circumflance was the caufe of difobedience in the Ameers of Ouleaus Khaujeh, and in the foldiers un» der them. And thfey wrote unto TUghuHuk Timour Khaun, faying, " Timour hath exalted the flandard of ** rebellion." And the Khaun thought that the accufa- tion was true : and he ilTued an order to put me to death : and that order fell into my hands^ ** forth, that the digrftty of Khaun (hould appertain to the poflerity of *« Kubbul Khaun, and that the poft of minifter and general fliould belong ** to the pbfterity of Kattjooli Bahauduf, and that they fliould live in amity ** with each other : I alfo to fulfil the engagement of my anceftors, refrai- ** ned from enmity^ and confented to lead his armies." This nrte is firmed fttm authorities /ouml in Abulghazi Khan's geniakgical hijlory rf^Ote Tartars, in D'Herbelot, and in the Fragment of the hijiory of Tinmr, p. 153. A g.——Jnd thepafages Ulujlrattd here and in the notes on fagtz^. witt to the oriental fcholar firve tor^utethefalfehotdsofthe4ra- iian author Jbn Jraififaab, and to frvve the fnperior accuracy and auihenticiiy rf the life of Timour written fey himfelf ever that compofedby Alii Yesszudi } vAo has hitherto heenevs^tderedby the learned of Europe as the moJl,perfe£l and faithful narrator of thie anions of Tumour. D t And •28 DESIGNS AND BNTERPRISES ^jGJj (j^::^^ ^^1=- ;^i ^jjj Jj-:' ^>^^" j^=:'^' .^t^sjjjr ^tL; AJv.^ Jf o"^-^ ^^^ 'oj^^ f^. «ii« >»J>J^ '^s^y^ ^U*/«j Lr^i iXJiXii /V-*^-* c?^ (oUanjJj ejlwjJI Ij^l /jAnajj JsaX^j^ AA^pjJj! AAjlia oj^ aS=> Cii'^j <^>-^ *^^^^~^ * ifib«x, of which ;.^/7u/^«/ is the plural^ fignifies a tribe^ or herdi A true explanationr of the Tartar word Kujhoan has not been met with. Mr. Petis de la Croix czlWitaiady of a hundred foldiers :• but this interpreta- tion is undoubtedly erroneous. The words KubbeeJeh,. Tfauegfeh,. Outmauk^ Ahm and Kujhaorty (fome of which are Arabic) all appear to fignify a tribi or htrd \ but there muft be iatat diftin£tion between them unknown to- Europeans. : OF T I M O U R. !8'iri 29 ' "And I refleded upon my danger : and; to Book I. remedy the evil, this was the defign which I formed— that I fhould gather round me the valiant youth of the tribe of Burlaus, and attach them unto me. And the firft man who gave unto me the hand of obedience, was Eekou Timourj and the fecond'was Ameer Jaukoo Bur- laus : and after him Qther warriors, "from their hearts and from their fouls, confented to receive my commands;, ^ When: th© inhabitants of Mauwur u Nu- hur obtained knowledge of my purpofe, that I had refoi- ved to rife in oppofition to the tribe of Ouzbvik ; ^s their hearts were turned afide from that oppreflive people,: both the rich and the poor of the people of Mau^vu^ u Nuhur united themfelves unto me. And the religious, and the holy men iiTued forth a decree^ authorizing the expulfion and^he extirpation of the Ouzbuks. And in this undertaking certain of the Ameers of J^lpufaut arid and of Ku(hooi>aut joined alfo. * iv. And the decree and the Ntng^eemeht tb which they had agreed, and which they caifed: to be written, is this. ** According to the cpn^uft arid,the.'ex- Europestns. The Kujhoonaut (which is the plural of Kujhoon ) may herd mean baSes of military men drawn from tribes or hords, as the wfard Tou- maun fometimes fignifies. The number of the Toumaun is known to be ten thoufaad j that of the Kujhoon may perhaps be foTnewjiat lefs : but it can hztily iignify fo inAgnificant a number a&a hundred meosi' Several paf^ ticulars in this work tend to confirm this opinion. ** example. 3d DESIGNS AN0 ENTERPRISES {jSyhj ^^.«Aj5»I; (^IxK. ^jyaj ^^jfi>** (J^^^ *^=» OwM J A^ JlxXjyjI ^MjIL J^y^ jJ<)m A''-^5 ^j j^ o^^ (jUsAMt ^<^J^J ^JS* Ci^^^'j^ fi«N<»r-^ (.^^^ ^^J^j <4^ «X_jJj ^ JUX^f i^UjJ^f aAjUUj AbULrf JUSj^^O^I A£=, h h e I u o, r • T: i -m o-,. u v.K', o': ■ ** si «' ample of the orUipdox Khulleefehs, '^ (on whom be Book I. •* the favour of Almighty God) the followers of Iflaum, '""'^ * ** the doabrs, and the holy men, »nd the foldiers, and the «« fubjeds, feeing Him noble and worthy thfcteof* Kave *• NOMINATED Ameer Timour (the Polar ft^r of do- ** minion, on whom be the favour of God) to the em- ** pite : a»d wi^ their wealth, and with their lives they ** will exert themfelves in expelling and in driving out, ** and in extirpating and in deftrojing the tribe of Ouzbiak, ** who have ftretched forth the hand of cruelty and ra- •*^pine over the families and over the wealth, and ovet ** l^e prof>^ty ^at} over tbe effefts of ^e faithful." "And we will be firm in our epgagiements j •* and if we deviate from our agreement and from our •* f|M3ip^£l> tfi«y we be d^eprived of^ the grace and of ** the protection of Alp>iglity God ; and be delivered ** over to the power and the dominion of the devil ! " ' '■'* •' - • , ' -■■ „^ ."' And when they fhewed unto me the de- ■..■'/-■' ■ . , . '^ - cree, I was eager to exalt the ftandard of vwir and of fiaugfektei^ ftfkd to draw down^aiLarmy oa the ^^j^et of Jitteh, and to revqng^e the opprefled on»the heads (pf.tjhe pppre'ffors : but certain of the worthlefs revealed my in- tentions. ' ' ■■' ^ ■-■■ , - ' -'■'!. v-''-^-^ ---^^ Again, I deliberated with myfelf* that if I made war upon them in the city of SuoaiCffurJiiuad,^ it might come to pafs that the people of Mauwur u Nu- t The Caliphs Abaubukkur, Oniur, Ofmaun and Aali. 32 DESIGN'S AND ENTERPRISES (jl^siijl Jlv^a-J Jl^ oJ^ ^-:^-J^=^ oL-XlJl Jot f»l oJJu lake JjsL qwIXa^= ^ J Ji^so t^*^ (''^>tf^* *w?V^" '^y O^ J'^^^^^. OJ=^J Ij^Uc i^l^ A^lss* A^ wXiii^^ JImj\ \j9 (j' — ^» — jt 6 ^ Tt I M; O. U. R. 31 hur might flxfiiik back j&om thejr engagements : there- Book r. fore I refolved to come forth from Summurkund, and_ to fix my habitation in the hills, that "every one who was united with me. might come in unto me j and that hav-' ing gathered together an army, I might .advance and make war upon the Ouzbuks.. 'i And when I came forth fnpni. Summur- kund, fixty warriors only came forth with me j and I iaw that I had not erred in-my deliberations. »^ And \^rhen I had remained feven days in thofe hills, arid no one. had come in unto me, I deter- mined with myfelf that I would proceed to Btlddukh- fhaun, and draw uMo my flandard the princes thereof. , 4-N!D I fet out, and I went into- the' pre- fence of Ameer Goolaul. * And he directed me *that I fhould turn the rein$ of my intention towards Khauruzm. And I promifed unto him the revenue ^f Spmmurkuad for one year — that I would lay it before him, if I proved Vl^OrioiiS ovet the Ouzbuks. And he repeated over me the prayer of vi^ory, and permitted mfc to depart. And when I came forth from the prefence cf Ameer Goolaul, fixty horfeiben were all that were with me. And Avl^en the news of my arrival in Kha^i- ruzm reached the ears of OuleauS Khaujeh, her wrote^ * A religious man, celebrated for his piety. DESIGNS AND ENTERPRISES >_j 1;^ (jjI;^ CU*Nf CjlJyutJj Jtol' Vr-tf^Lo^ ^"^T* jXj J / ^t**^ 1^1 jSk* <3<^1>S! ^^^ iAJt^J ^1*_MJ fJM^SS - * An afterisk placed after a word (in the Pe^Iian text) iignifies that it is of Mogul origin. OP T I M O U H. a 2T unto Tukkul Bahaudur the governor of KhiQok» that he Book I. fliould fall upon me and deftroy me. And Tukkul Bahau- dur came upon me with a thoufand horfemen : and I op- pofed him with my fixty warriors, and with Ameer Hooflein who had come and joined me in the way j and I entered into battle. And I fought with fuch obftinacy and refolution, that of the one thoufand horfemen of Tukkul Bahaudur fifty remained, and of my fixty war- riors ten remained j and the viftory in effedt was mine. And when the'news of my fuccefs reach- ed the ears of Ouleaus Khaujeh and the Ameers of Jitteh, they faid among themfelves, " Timpur is a won- ** derful man : fortune and the Divine favour are with «« him." And I called this viftory a favour from heaven conferred upon ine : and the eyes of the tribe of Jitteh were darkened by my fuccefs. Thr third design" which I formed for Dssieti the reftoration of my power, was this. * At the time when the ftate of my fortune was reduced low, and when the foundation of my power was broken afunder, fo that my affociates were ten only (and feven of them were on horfes, and three of them / were foot -men) and none other remained with me; in thofe days the fifter of Ameer Hooffein, who was my honoured wife, I placed behind me on my horfe, and I E 2 wandered 36 DESIGNS^ a>id ENTERPRISES '^-* f*jjj ^:^L,J\J»^ Jj:L ^_^^l ^ 0^=L U lyj JjJ ti>-» Jjiiis^ jUi^ ^J.^ JL^b '^*'-< '-r'"'' -J^^ O*^ '"^^ oJy |-«5 v^^ef ij-« v*» y L^s-'^j^ O^^ *-^ C?-*'-^ J ^jUU^l^sJj cr^U (j*-_^3:^ '^^ J' jt ^^ J'^ Jl (^^j_A_ji*— ^-iii ^;l>J>5^* C^jJ'v ^^J^.. o^sN-^ '-\l^'< (^UU^l^sJj (^JM^ &L^ o^-' y oJsAi**.^= (^LiU^LXi (•OUmjj ^j ^i^ (J-^ u^. ^^J^J '^0^ jHj-^ C^JU VvJts^j r OF. TIM O U R. 37 wandered to and fro Jn the defaj;! of Khauj-uzjn, until Book I. on a certain night I alighted at a well. And even in that ' ' ' night the three faiihlefs Khoraufauni* feized on three horfes, and mounted them and fled : and four horfes only remained for feven people, and my diftreffes were very great : but I viras ftrong of heart, and I lamented not over my misfortunes. And I departed from the well; and at this time Aali Beg Choun Ghborbaijni came upon me,, and he carried me away, and confined me in a habita- tion filled with vermin, and placed a guard over me, and. kept me imprifoned for fixty and two days.' . And I deliberated with myfelf* aad aided by the afliftance of Almighty God,, with, the flr^gth of the arm of vigour I wrefted a fword from my guards and I rufhed upon them : and the guards turned their faces to flight, and I went and flood before Aali Beg. xAnd he was afhamed and confounded at his evil condudt,. that her had thrown me into prifon ; and he mj^de excufes. And he ordered my horfe,s and my arms to be brought forth j and he gave me a horfe that wa& lean, . and a camel that was paft fetvice as a prefent. But he thirfted after the gifts whicj^lji^ b^otJbLe^r Mahipi- mud Beg had fent untp me, and he kept back a part thereof i and he fuffered me to depart. " * Natives of Khoraufaun. "■ ' ''•■^' •' ' ' ANfr li,. 3? DESIGNS AKD ETNTER aS=3 fU v>ysr» c^'^ C.^*^==^ *^ ^-^ >''Jj C'^/'' jjyl; ot^y »JU USa^ j! l;f*^j^J '^'^^ JJr^ jfro^ ^ J»u5j (js^ f^X, J^ 0!;*^^ ^ '^'^^ ^JJ N^' Ai^ /JUfl^ ^ti , f—\ &S=s ^dS ^jiiLw^ J^s:^ JoiXof * The word thus tranllated is In the original Aghurl, and evidently of Mogul origin. The Mogul language is, in this work and i^ moft other oriental authors, called Toori Zubaun and Zubaun a Toerii, or the lan- guage of the Toorks. But notwithftanding the language, known in Eu- rope by the name of Turkifh, muft have been derived from the fame ori- ^n, this and feverftl other Mogul words retained by the Ferfian tranflator in of: T I M O U R, jg. And Ifet out toward the defart of Khati- Book I. ruzm, and twelve horfemen united themfelyes unto me. ' '"^ And after two days I came to an inhabited placie, and I alighted at one of the dwellings thereof. And certaiii of the Toorkummauns, who were ia that place, gave a loud fhout,* and ruflied upon me. And I fecured the fifter of Ameer Hooffein in the houfe» aad I affaulted thofe people in my own perfon!^ And- at this time a man among the Toorkummauns, whofe nan»e was Haujee Mahummud; knew me again ^ and he exclaimed aloud, " It is Ameer ** Timour." And he ordered the people to defift, and he kneeled before me. And I received him kindly, and I- placed my turban on his head j and he came witli his brethren, and was my fervant* The four'i;h design which Lformed in Desigw. the early days of my power, was this. When fixty. horfemen were gathered round me, I reiledled with myfelf^ that if 1 continue^ iji the place where I then fojpurned, perhaps the inhabi- tants thereof might extend the hand of treachery oviet me, and fend news of my condition to the tribe of Jitteh, in this work, are not to be found in any Lexicon, and'aire confequ^ntljr un- known. Whefe the probable /enf« is difcoverable from the context, taAfi the prefent cafe, an interpretation is given in the tranflation ; and where-^ ever the meaning is beyond the reach of conje£iure| the , Mpgul word; is Mtained ih the verflon } its origin in both cafes being marked for the bene- fit of the Perfian.fcholar. Seenoteonjpag.34«: And. 4Q DESIGNS AND ENTERPRISES ^Jt£=3J);f jj 1^ j-'^j JuA^ j\jJ (:j^ j^i JjUaJ' %^j^ o^ J' ATf Jo J (jjI ^ J lip. JU ^X^_^ Js;XMy ^l^- JjjJ JoiL. jjJ ojj^x* Jl a/ ^J^js^ jdj ^r jj jsjj «Vt* iir-« ^Z ^^'*'' caJLLU ;^jijU a/'jX^^^iXjT Ij' |»J>u** ic^jLe (^Uibi. u^'Us^ 2;,*^ b^ JL? JwzJu l^ tjbLU >^=l=> Ci^jsr^ el^ •-C'^' oj; ^Jj cXamj* ^J****** JSV*!^ °'^ '^-O^^ '--^■*:i/*^ ^jj;ti tjJjv' s^4^' iO J^djS \j^^ i:^ O-.-?'^' *W^ Ojs;::? cS^ (;^j-^ OcLUm JvjIj ^cs:***^ iD'^J-i ^-^-^—^ I^Lm /i'*'^ Oi^ ly^jj oJ*»^rjJ cjImjJU jJJ^I (^l-Ayj* a 'T p ? i b * '• "T 'I' M^ O U ■ R,^- T '' 1 fT 41 And I faw that my fafety confifted in this — tha,t I jQjould Book I, come forth from that place, and that I fhould fojourn in '"""^ the defart, far from the habitations of men; until an army, which is the fincws of Empire, fhould be gathered around me. ; ^ And. I journeyed from that place toward Khoraufiuui and Mubauruk Shaah Sunjuri, the go- vernor of Maukhaun, came to me on the way with an hundred foldiers, and prefented fome chofen horfes to me i and' certain of the defcendants of the prophet and of the inhabLtantf alfo came in unto me j and near two hundred men, horfe-men and foot-men, joined me in thg defart. *'v " And at this time Mubauruk Shaah, and Siud Hoofun, and Siud Zeau u deen faid unto me, ** Our tarrying in tiiis defart is the caufe of our diftrefs j ** we muft go from hence, and we muft fcize on fome ** Province for an habitation/' And I deliberated with iajCtlft and I faid unto them, " This meafure oecurreth *• to toy mind — that we advance towards Summurkund, ** and that I difperfe you in the fecure places of Bokh- **aswa; and that i myfelf go into the parts adjacent to ** Summurkund, and enter among the people and the tribes, and unite them with me : and having colleded an ^rmy, and called you unto «ie, that I encounter Oiileaiis IChaujeh and the forces of Jitteh; and fubdue * the kingdom of Mauwur u Nuhur." F They «( <« 42 DESIGNS AND ENTERPRISES fJJij i>JOp>w A=aj^^)!/«J J!wjIM^ 'j;»-|v^ o^' '^'i''jr^ CaaIoA**! J^ O^j^ cte-j r^^-j^^j j-^ j'^ j^:^ v-^j f*^^ tbi-' j^ J j A^so j^y** oLs^ b jtr^b «J^ (j**^ (iJ*« j— *n- o P T I M O U R. ' 4:3. They all approved of my counfel and' my Book I. defignj arid having repeated the prayer of fuccefs on our attempt, I proceeded forward. And I difperfed thofe two hundred people in the environs of Bokhaura, and I fecreted Aljaie Turkaun Aughau, the fifter of Ameer Hooffein, in that place j and I advanced towaird Sum- murkund. ' ^- •^- And Tumookeh Kouchein met me on the way with fifteen horfenien, and joined me. And I com- municated my fecret unto him, and fent him to Mub- auruk Shaah. And entering myfelf among the tribes, I confederated with me near two thoufand of the people : and whenever I exalted the ftandard of empire in Sum-- murkund, they were to join me. And I entered the city of Sumraurkund under the cover of the night j and going to the dwelling of my eldeft fifter Kuttulugh Turkaun Aughau, I fojour- ned therein. And I was buried in thought and refledtion night and day. And I pafled forty eight days undifco- vered; until at length certain of the inhabitants gave in- formation of my arrival, and my fituation was near to be revealed. I was without remedy; and with fifty horfe- men, who were with me in the city, I came forth from Summurkund by night, and I proceeded toward Khau- ruzm : and certain of the foot-ibldiers alfo came vvrj^h. F-2- me* 44 DESIGNS and ENTERPRISES Ml ^^j-^^ jjj fj^ JjjLj cXiUj c:^ e;^-^ v^ ^y^-»» /^i^*^ ^;^J OuX^r f"J^ ^OCs^f Jv£= l;bs:* tJ|^=*- >>^ *^ ^J>=^ ^ly' W J:i^ r'j^J O^^' ^^J^ JjY^J "^"^ SL^e&k (^^ JJ ^U»*» ^'j^ ^^^.fj *^'»^v^ C^^A^ o-^ V j^^ r*^^ ti»U/ • It may be proper to obferve, for the credit of Titaour, that before he took thofe horfes, he enquired out the owners and fent for them, and gave them a written order for their value. This happened in the principality of Kufh. ? I <. OF T. I :m- a u R.. I D I n ?.. a 4^ me. And on the road I' took hprfes from among the Book I. droves of the Toorkummaun i * and I mounted my foot- foWiers thereon. -^ . -^ ,*^ "■';!■■• . "^ ' "' ■ And I came and I encamped at Atcheght in the hilly gr6unds on the b^ks of the waters of Amu- veah: in this place fiaf fajjiiHyv send 'MubatM■uk^'Shsalt,- and..Siud HoofTun, and all thofe whom I had left! ia the environs of Bokhaura, came arid ioinecT themfelves unto ^ " -^ * .1-1 me. Arid itimdur K.haujeh"A:ghtaun and Behraum Jul- lauir,_with thciffotoes, carave and ferved.md; and^ear a thoufand horfcmen were gathered rounime. And' I de- liberated with myfelf, atid I fet oiit firom thencg towards Batjkhtur Zcmcen* attj KundaK^ur, and'l fttbdtwd- thofe ^untries. ^ _; „^._^,^ ,,' lx. P:*, J c: • ! ,c. .\ , , ... c:^., s- »j' jj jj. F FF T n ^ E « I G if which^ 1 formea Dkwgm ^ V » ki the days of eritariprifci was this.'./. » ! .:: 'a-l. ^ ,- When I departed, towards K^pdaha^r and Baukhtur Zemeen, i cariie 'to the border of the river of Hiremun, and I fojourned' there, ato^I ^jad^fdys^^ay- felf an habitation | and I tarried ibro? ^^ys on, the JDorder of that river to refrefh my peo|)le. ^ ^ "^ . ^ ' An'^ -at -this ti^ 'thft feWia'f^ arid^ihe m- habitants of K:uxrumieer eame in uoto'indr a»d'«Bflir-& ' f i ' ' '-, ' 1 ' ' ■ " ' ■ - ■- ' iJ Kulh. Vide Timo^r's full accouqt of this trarifaaipn in the Fragment erf" WsHjftorf. pig.35sM.5, R«S. -BiHiTiaf. ' ' - ;, '; ' ''' thoufand 46 DESIGNS and ENTERPRISES ,: f J^ ^-^^j ^f j^ ;^^ Jj^ y^.f J '^^j/ u^j aJLtJjJ 1^ oIam ASaJx AA^L« (Jm^ J^j^ oIja^s ^^^ cpiyj^ 'pUff aSs (•JO'^ ^J*^ QiilX\£=9j a£=» a*A5 C^i^ Jlj fj\J ^ji^ix^ {ji^Mj^^M uaILs::* f^-f=> \J^l ^ o\j ^j i-Jw* ^^.Ij Jjv^' L-ij dj^ ^jj^ L^^ iSjhjj vX*r (^^j |-j^ J'Jv:?-j JLo thqufand horfemen alfo, Toork and Taucheek, were ga/- Book I. thered round me; and the country of Kurruipfeer futi- mitted to my authority/-' ' - 't. And at this time I refolved that I would ' invade the province of Seiftaun. And when the ruler of Seiftaun received accounts thereof, h,e,fent offerings anji rich gifts unto me, and he demanded fuccour, faying, " Certain of my enemies have opprefTed me, and they *' have feized upon my landis, and upon feven caftles.— **"!£ the haa,ds e/ iny enemies b^. withdrawn from my, ** dominions^ I will advance iix mpn^hs wages to the fol- «diers.'* - : ' ■-- : . -^ ' -t^ V- And I £aw it was good that I fhpuld tura the reins pf my intentions tbward Seiftaun. And of the feven caftles which were in the hands of his enemies, I fubdued five caftles by force and by' iiflault:.-^— And feac found admiflion into the heart of the ruler of Seiftaun* and he made his enemies his friends ; and they laid among themfelves, "If Amfeer Timour tarry in this, coun^ try, the.province of Seiftaun, wijl pftfs out fromjJurhands-"^ And they gathered together the foldiers and the people of all the country of Seiftaun, and they came upon me. And when I faw th^^ the ruler of Seiftaun fulfilled not his engagement, I was without remedy;, and I advanced toward them, and gave them battle. And an arrow came and pierced my arm, and another arrow alfo came upon my foot, but in the end I obtained th* vic- tory over thcmu. -'-'^-c-^ ' And DESIGNS A^D ENTERPRISES Oo oJv,r jy o^yHM ^^^^^^^ iJ^.^/j^ p-* '^'' ^ OF T I M O U R. V 49 And when I faw that the air and the .w^ ^0°^ I' ter of that country fuited not with me, I departed from thence, and I came back to Kurrumfeer ; and I fojourn- ed in that land for two months, until my wounds were healed. The sixth design which I formed in Design the da,ys of enterprife, was this. , Wh e n Kurrumfeer had fubmitted to my authority, and my wounds were healed, I faw it was good that I (hould go and fojoUrn in the mountains on the borders of Bulltikh ; and having collected an army, that I fhould procded to fubdue the kingdom of Mauwur u Nuhur. And when I refolved on this meafufe, I de- parted from thence : and forty horfemen were all that were with me. But they were all refolute men, and the fons of refolute men, and the fons of Ameers. And I gave praife unto God, for that Jn fuch diftrefs fuch men ihould come, without purfe and without fcripi and fol- low me, and be obedient unto me. Ajid I faid u^o my- felf, God Almighty doeth great things for me ; feeing he hath made fuch men, even my equals, my fervants. * And I went on towards the mountains of BuUukh, and Suddeuk Burlaus (of the race of Yeldureen Kurrauchaur Nouyaun) who was wandering in fearch ©f me, met me in the vray with fifteen horfemen, and join- ed me i and I took his coming for a happy omen. •G And S9 DESIGNS ANi? ENiTERFRISES ^^^ v^LSjl jiJ^ c^JLjXj f U [jj^Oj vXJJSiii ^^ O jLlj C^5:Uj ,C^Uj ©«^i^M*;^4 AAf^fJ^ i,3^ oW u-^j'/j «^jy j^ *— ^" r^^y o^j'/ oi^^'j oJs^i. fJ^ ^ua* J^J jl ^l^m vX^ b ^/ v^*wt^-c«t ^.JG C^^*^' Vi^ U-«J *^^'^- *^>^ V* ^^ ^*^-? "^-^^ ^"^^ -hi? r*^j-^* '^jjH' °^^Ni^ s.->-^-^^ 'i'*^ <>A) o^ >'*^j r*^^ ^^ ^♦j u'" j'^j f^^ ji^ jr^ ..J ': , . EHaUbip.- T.I. M O .U R. "'dn ^x And in thpfe days we paffed our tim^ in Book I. hunting, and we proceeded forward. And on the way I '"';''"'' beheM a body of men ftanding on a hilt j arid their num- bers increafed from time to time : and I halted, and fent people to obtakt intelligence. An^ «^ weat in among thofe men, andbroughft back intelligence, faying, *' It is ** Kurraunchee Bahaudur, the old fervant of Ameer,* who *• with an hundred h<»:£emen hath feparated from the ar- *« mies of Jitteh, mid is- wandering in fearch of thec;" I bowed in. gratitude to Almighty ,Gqd, and I kat orders for Kurraunchee to approach. And he camtf, and he kneel- ed before me j ah A N D on that night, which was a holy night,"|- I kefrt; watch ; and when the morning broke, I was cnapl(^ed m prayer. And after repeating the prayers r ^ * ue. Timourl ' f Fpday, the Mahummudan fabbath. G 2 prefcribed 52 DESIGNS AND ENTERPRISES jl'j.': f-^A*^ uu*jj J!>=^' '^' r^^^ >''^- ^y o^ v^ )^ ^'^ j\yH JUJiJi L^S^ o'^Lj "^^ ("'V* *^ o'^' * ^••v' eS JCiu ^jUfkjJu ^j-«« /•^j'^ Lsv' 'i^ \^~^'j ^.^y^ J^ jj=s». fc^^v**! ^:;'j*»>j.^ j^ lJ^J (^^t? j^^ o Jy' c^^^l/ >jf AAib c^j^l; A^=> «^jj ot^'^^j"*^ j^ *^^ A>cklj j^Oj^ j^IawjI ^jtifi ^jLSialj iAjUn; J4y^ j^' *:• y''* *^ jlp^j J^ ^^ AsJjL ^jW Jjl ^ j' Jj^J >^'^ ly* V«jl^=y* "-^Jj ^J'lJ QvX«r« ^^vXm Ol^U^. lWsL (j;l.Aml 6 F T I M O U R. 53 prefcribed by the law, I lifted up my hands in fupplication. Book I. And in the midft of my fqpplication I wept : and I im- plored Almighty God, that he would deliver me from that wandering life. .■-• And I had not yet refted from my devo- tions, when a nl&mber of people appeared afar off: and they were paffing along in a line with the hill. And I mounted my horfe, and I came in behind them : that I might know their condition, and what men they were. And they were in all feventy horfemen ; and I afked of them, faying, *' Warriors, who are ye ?" And they an- fwered unto me, *« We are the fervants of Ameer Timour, ** and we wander in fearch of him i and lo ! we find him ** not." And I faid unto them, I alfo am one of the fervants of Ameer : how fay ye, if I be your guide, and condufl: you unto him? And one of them put, his horfe to fpeed, and went and carried news to the leaders, faying, "We have found a guide, who can lead! us to •* Am«er Timour." And the leaders drew back the reins of their horfes, and gave orders that I fhould appear before them. And they were three troops. And, the leader of the firft troop was TughuUuk Khaujeh Burlaus, and the leader of the fecorid troop was Ameer Sife u deeri, 'aqrd the leader of the third troop was Toubuk Bahaudur. -An^ when their eyes fell upon me, they were overwhelmed with joy J and they alighted from their horfes, and they came and they kneeled, and they kifled my ftirrup. And I alfo. S4 DESIGNS AND ENTERPRISES C^jy j^ -^^ ^ f^^ J^ J^=^-'^ i^-J ^0^ (g^^* <*^J^ OwwJo I;v^* Jl ^^^3^ aS=» (OjJi (^^j (^U^^a^**^ «y^ ^^ A»^ <^r J J JjJdL» Ic^ I '. . ii'-©'F-^ T I. M €> U: Ri. ^5 I, alio came down frpjn my iiorfq, and took each of them Book I. in my arms. And I pnt my turban on the head of Tu- ghuHuk PChaujeh j and my girdle, which was very rich in jewels and wrought with £old, I bound^on the loi&s of Ameer Si& u deen , and I cloathed Toubuk jBahaudur m, my coat. And they wept, and I wept alfb. And the hour of prayer was arrived,, and we prayed together. And we mounted our hprfes, and, came and alighted at my dwelling : and I collected my people together and made a feaft, Anp on dbe nejct day Shane Behcajuiii,. who^ had feparated from me in the narrownefs of his heart, ani^ had refolved to go into the knd of Hind, arrived alfd. And he canae into my pifoferace^ and he made excufes. And I took him into my arois, and I acci^ttel his excufes; and I treated him with fuch kindnefs,. that he came forth from his confuiion. The seventh design which I formed Design. in the days erf" enterprife, was this. Wh e n I faw the number <^ tay forces, that they were in all three hundred and thirteen horfe- men ; I determined with uiyfelf that I wonid feize on. one of the caftlcs,. and make to myfelf ^ refi^nce. And dius I refolved, that I -would firft reduce the caftle of Au- laujou ; (and Munguli Bdog^a Suldo^e, on the part of Ouleaus Khaujeh,. was in that caftle,) and that I would make 56 DESIGNS and ENTERPRISES ' Uo; Axis (JjSs' (-l^ j-A— ^ OJ-^J *^j-oj C^J;*J' Ojj^ ^J^ AsJjsL (j^\jJ\ \j&^ ^j \j AJiXs OwXA jJ^J JJvA^ ^W (D<-^ ^ t' J t^-Vj ^^U JlyJi**^ oj!j (^^UJ I^ ^J.^J jL^ c:vc;X* make it a place wherein to keep ipy baggage and my ef- Book I. feiSs. And with this intention I fet out toward the caftle of Au^ujou. ' * \_ ' ' And Shgre Behramn had Jong ae^oaint- ance with the governor of that caftle : and he fpoke unto me, faying, " I will go and I will bring Mungiili BbogHau ** over to our fide." ' *""^"^ : -'^ ;^ ,; , .^_. m_j ;,A.,ji f : ^, ; AND.when. Sha^p; Bejgjaum ,wgn,t .^ja?:^ the caftle, he ient word unto me, faying, Munguli Boo- ghau faye'th,- *' Since Oiilcaus Khaiijjeh'^^e tms^ cS^le **m (cihai:ve natix ihe^-it is far £r'dca ndanbocd .and'fcom ** fidelity, that. I fhquld coflae over to Ameer Timour, and ** give up the caftle :" and he refufed to deliver it up. But thus much came to pafs, that on re- ceiving inform|,^oil of hiy a:pproachiU^ft^')t{jJ;^'«p»ff^i^^4 (JoUL^ oJUmo; tXeJ C'U.}'^ iUS^ yf^- ^ >XmJ jm j a)jIj ^^IS^ wl^ CS«/«lal J_-S=3 o;ti jJ iCiJij jjq. j^\j ^j^y^ j^\^j^]j ^^j^j^\j ^^^ ^?* *^ b ^ o^^;^ J^'' o*JSv*y A^i#=» Jv^/j oJoo./ p F T I M O U R, 59 An d even from this place I fent Turn- Book r, mookeh Bahaudur with three horfemen, that having paffcd ""^"^ over the waters of Turmuz, he fliould bring inteUigence of the army of Jitteh, and inform himfelf of their coun- iels and deiigns. And Tummookeh ipetumed after four days, and brought intelligence, faying, «« The army of Jitteh ** is arrived in the land of Turmuz, and they are em- *• ployed in rapine and in flaughter." When I received riiis intelligence, I turned the reins of my intention to- wards the ftreights of Guz. And I faw it was good that I fhould go into the ftreights of Guz, and fojourn there : and feizing an opportunity, that I ftiould go down on the army of Jitteh. And when I came into the ftreights of Guz, I pitched my tents in the plain of Ikhee Booghau, on the border of the waters gf Jihoon. And Ouleaus Khaujeh received news of me, that I was arrived in the ftreights of Guz ; and he fent his forces upon me. And in tKofe days intelligence came, that Ameer Soolamaun Burlaus and Ameer Jullaul u deen and Ameer Hindookeh ( who were in the army of Jitteh ) having turned their faces from the leaders of that tribe, and feparated from them V7ith their forces, were arrived at old Turmuz : and.Toulaun Booghau, whom they had H 2 fent 6o DESIGNS AN'D EJ^JTERPRISES (£^iAawj; %>.^J ^'^^ Ciw/Jl^ OvXuij; Joti^J OiiUNjJ (^_)w« OjuJ y<.^^2i>. ./jU'JJ (j^r-^ '-^— .-t' C_<« ^^'■Xiy*^^ ''S'^ j-^'-^'* AJ lyU*jJ U^'*' U^^'j f^lJ^LsJ CX-jlS=2iSs^ ^j-js:^' I; tf ., ,- 1, o Ji J c^>ixi, ';^ j"^a1.^ 'j.xi^ (jiiiiC;^; ' '^^ ' ■ ^^J ^^ IJU, Jvi;U,*j ^Uj! ^^ U^a UoLa*. % C^^ '-■::' '^ ''.' And ,I, faw it was good». that I fhould amufe the enemy with words and with peTfuafJons, and extingur^ tfeiffitd^ of their anirtiofity with the water of policy, and bring them oyer unto me. '^/ ,j >.> ;^ ';. And I Ipoke to the leader of the ar&y of Jitteh (who wa's^Ameer Aboo Saeed), and that which I faid:untOL.him, he taok'^ell-. Bixt the.othe/r le&derslop- ppfed him and refolded on war, . . And the fire of mv fpirit aHb flafhed forth, and I^formed'^'my forces- in order bf-battle-. - THi EIGHTH DESIGN whlcK I TOrmSrDESIGW (hMicftiatiflg the ^rtfigzjof^ Jikfeh)-;s5ra9^li «;M 'o V^l. V;C ^"^* I SA/ID unto imyfelfi "If Iifight with the «* army of Jitteh, feeing they are very n:feny, perhaps eVrr "may come unto my people." Aiiiat-this"'time 'the fpirit ,'of DESIGNS AND ENTERPRISES «^^ (:j-* y/ o^r^"^^ tJ*^ ^^J"^ "^^j^ o^y^^ ■ • f aJIss* Jjly> r 1^1 a/ fJ^* ^1 J^ JuAj JlJvs^j JUS ^^^XXX^ C^j^vX;! j'-\i=i» JUs^ t:^-J; J of'TIMOUIL $^ of glory aflaulted me and laid, Since thou haft advanced Book I. forth with pretenfions to empire, even this is becoming the dignity and the rank of a king, that thou rcfolvc on war i and that thou be either vidorious and triumphant, or be flain in battle. And when I had refotveJ on this mea- iiite, I faw that th« enemy were divided into three bo>- dies ; and that they were eager to engage. And I divi^ ded my forces into feven fquadrons ; and I determined that I would fend down my feven fquadrons upon them^ one after the other. And when the flames of war and of ilaughter afcended high, I comm:anded the advanced guards to take to their bows, and to rain arrows upbn the enemy.. Akd I commanded the fquadrons of the front lines of the left and the right wings, to go into, battle. And I myfclf advanced with the troops of the fecond lines of the left and the right wings. And in the: firft and the fecond charge I drove back the fquadrons of Ameer Aboo Saeed,. who was the chief leader of the. army of Jitteh» A N D it came to pafs at this time, that Hydur Andookhodee arid Muriguli Boci^au advanced to the fight. And I myfelf oppofed them facf to face j and in the firft charge I defeated them alfo. And all the forces of Jitteh diffolved away, and were fcattered. and diiperfed abroad. Thil $4 DESIG.NS AND ENTERPRISES (X_i^ Ju^iX^ ^ij"^^ oLlJ^ -^"^ OJjaw*! ciOi-CiX—j ^^vj^ AJljik &/ vjIj i:;-,-^^'^ L''"^^^ '-r'*'^''^^ *--1^'^*^;' cA'-r^-^ Ovy»*NS oUwj jj Quichj Jsjij Jl ^<-iy>^ °^jy r*^V ^^=» • ' 'I ' ' ' /.i- J ' ■ ' £•• . ;UU.. • r*^:? CST-* (^^, yw jJ oiXel. s^iM^ -'■^'^1'^ ^•^'■^y^io^^^^Jli '-VJjj ' ■ * ■ •- ■■■■■' 'y ■ .vitib -4^'i cj^i T«.?; NINTH pEjsjGN iwhicih J ,jfbrmcd in Book I. eflabliflungi^ay.regat power, was this. .^ '"''^ ' When I had obtained the vidtory over the readers' of the aririy of Jitfeh, and the new» of mjr ad- vancing terth, afwt ^^iring^ to the throne, was made public throughp«i|.|helaod!tf XdcsxQyxa,^ I refialvcd that I would becpme a king by generolity ai)d by liberality. And I faw the duration of my .poWer in this, that I flietildCdiWdb aoftong my foldiers the tre^fures which I had gathered together, both the money and the efFeds : and that I fhoiild-ikft fubrfae ^Ke 'tift tof X^irnlkih. -"^ And when I had given fubfiftence to my army> I piif them in orderj 4nd I arrived on' the border of the «Kateii& of Jihoon<. -JWL IxrofTed'at- the piafl^^ of Turn^uz; and I fent out ijay Kurrauvul * toy/^ards the caflle of Kehulkeh J and I halted fome dayg on the bor- der of the' waters of Jihoon, expeding intelligence from my Kurrauvul. ... ; And; when Ouleaus Khaujeh heard where I was, he,fent Akbou^iu^^aidilc, ^be^ brotb^ cif Bbg^ chiick>, with a mighty arqjji^ upon me. ,, And my |Cur-r rau\rdlaun w^re negfigent, and went tt) fleep : and "the enemy prafled by^'thfettr,- aird -isdiifliB^A' n%ht''«iftfc^ inght, and came: u^oncmie bj. fur^ri^J^ l, /^ i.,, ,',^. I And 66 DESIGK1S and ENTERPRISES y^^ C'^J^ ° Jj-r' Jjj' o^ ^^ ^ iJ^JJ toSjii^ *^^ *t!^ ."^^S" "-^^^J .Sr*^ -^ rT."..\ ^,^. -^" .^;i. ij:>" . ;-' .-'l ,\, \y oj;^^ r^/*; *^VV^^ -^^ j^=^ ^^^-^- '^•^ V/^ ^^^^. °r^i-^ o*" j^ )jj °J ^ ijh^j. . . . , , ., .i fjl^/ o^h' And jhe.Jand'Jn which. I„ had pitched Book L my tents jjvas a peninfula : and it had water on three *"""''""' fides. Some tents, which were without the peninfula, were pittftdered by the forces of - Jitteh : arid the people that were without, cam^ and entered into the peninfula. And I forthed my troops in order, and went and fVood on the neck of the peninfula : but the enemy were fearful, and they did not advance to the at- tack. ■' '-' '. ■■■■ ^'s!"- _> ^ . And 4 tarried ten days in that peninfula ; and I alterwards cgme forth from thence, and pitched my tents + on the border of the river. And I fat down b^pofite tb~'the army of J4tteh for' the fpace of one month ; even tiU they were feized with fear, and returned back. And I croffed die river, - and can^e down in their camp, and fent forces to purfue them. (_ / ^ . ^, ^,^ !.* The tenth design which I formed for Design the advancement of my power, was' this. ^ ;^ :... When I had broken the forces of J ittehi I faw it was good that I fliould go and fubdue the coun- try of Buddukhfhaun, and extend' ipy tlominions. And I marched from the border of the river, and encamped at the place called Khullum. '^' '/ ^" ' •; v - ^ " ^ ■' .> ' .; And Ameer Hooflein, . the • grandfon of Ameer Kurghun, whofe lifter was in my houfe, came j .' !.'.-«. t' LiteraUy, temporary huts or ca.iiy)nements. T 2 -and 68 DESIGNS And ENTERPRISES f*J^ (,^^' o^^O tJ^«^: ^%;«IfJ ^-N^.^ U-W {^j^ ^j^X^S^ s^oOstH OiAak «Ajtx)<<>»y fi^AMj^ (^liM^^cN^ oO^* kU A/'i'JyJj |*J^ ^1^ J^ ^IsCLTjl 4y-« tj^*!^ (i^lX^KyvJ (_»jj^ (^<\5S (^d^iifi '^y^ «X»tX«r ^J jfJH* L^^ '^^ j^ (*!;# ji^J ^^—j' C^^j-^. fO^-^tjO cry li^ T I M O U li. iCI ^ and we faw each other, and we t&st^ a feall^" Add I Book I. fqund it was right, that I fhpuld go on towards. Bi^ddjikh- fhaun. And when I varne to kundtiz, I halted m that f^e Until ths t^Aisfs ef ^thfr p^ple of Yeurldaiee came together and joined me. And I gave to each of them a robe of honour, and I encouraged them. » And when the news of the order and the ftrength of my forces arrived to the princes of fiuddukh- flraun, they prspait^ fot tnT. "Aiid! 1 few? it WasT gobtl ihit I ihould ht c^uicki and hf-eak th^r power; h6fdt& they could gather their army together. And I marched with expedition, and I came to Taulkhaun.. , ; Akd vvhen the news of my arlival kt f attlkhaun sea^d t^etrs ojf tlte p«lnee$, thejr Varite' ^ at the avenue of pealce and' faw me. I was fatisfied with fny own deliberations, and faw that I had not done wrong. And fij/potWr Was eftabfiifee.,. . .■■ .•'.V — - ■ XI for extendiag my power, wafr this. ^ ^ v^ ; Wher the prioce^ oI" fefddakhfliauft came and fubmitted'tft my authority, I turned towards Khut- tulaun. And when I came into the kingdom of Khuttu- laun, Boulaud BoDghati ^^ Sfe^re Sehratun, ohaccbuat «f the iU con^, Ssp^mcA^ and' te^ turned to their tribes. 7© DESIGNS. AMD. ENTERPRISES J Jtgj- ^^Uj o^_*mI qLC^* ^j:yAi' o^f p^J! ^-:^^-»*'' jl^ Om*^ b lXu j^U. jjfjj Aa.1^ jUij (>5^j «--v3l*X« ^lT j»ijL; i^jO L'w)*"^ CJ*''-^^*-^ f^Ju JAX« ^ysi I; J^y^ ^;^ f^ ^^Ijy ^js^l t^y^ \^jSs>y j\ A^ f^ <-..w»..,'^ /__S=j Jjv\._L-*N OF T r M O' U K. V^SaQ yt And I went and fojourned in the pafture- Book I. lands of the Dufht of Koulauk. And I appointed fpies, """"^ that they fhould go and bring news of the armies of Jkteh and of Ouleaus Khaujeh. And after ten days the fpies brought back intelligence, faying ; " The Ameers of }itteh (and the firft ' - of them is Kooch Timour, the fon of Begchuck j and the fecond of them is Timour Noubukaun i and the other's are Saureek Bahaudur, and Shungoom, and Tug- hullok Khaujeh, the brother of Khaujee Beg) with twenty thoufand horfemeri, have pitched their tents frorii the town of Khillautee even to the bridge of Sungheen.", And they fent an ambaflador unto me, that they might know my fituation and the ftrength of my army. And I drew out my army twice in the fight of the ambafifador, and difmiffed him. '"^ And I faw my advantage in this, that I {hould fet out after the ambaffador : but I found that my forces were not united with me. And to make them una- nimous, I faw it was good that I ihould fhew kindnefs to fome, and that with fome I fhould difiemble / and that I fhould tempt fome by riches, and foothe fpme by petfua- ixons, and promifes, arid engagements. .,^. A N D at this time news arrived, that Tu- ghulluk Suldozei and Ki Khiffero ( who were of my fer- •-' ■■ '-'-'' '-' ' ' ■' ■" «■•■■' Vants) 72? DESIGNS AND! ENTERPRISES (^ ij*o j»*ji acaf^j** ^ j^y*^ J^ u^ ^*^>» ^j,SaJ Ju*Vi><^ O'U^.^Xilj^ *J^ J^i,^; ^jUjjI jlfllai^ c^^ O^W CiJ^ *»* J;^ O*^ Op^ 'j— J*— »*-jJ * Ttits ejtpKfflon secure iii- ftvogl- plttcesy and is-vvej^^cWi Fex^ hii^Stit^means, that if he fucceeded in his views on the kingdom of Mau- wur b E T I M O U R.0!.' 7j vants) hadi taken the cootmand of Cm. thoufand ' hprfeinen Book of Jitteh, and were bringing tliem down upon me. And when this news reached the ears of my people, the terror of their hearts was increafed, and they were fore afraid. But I found that Ameer JaukoO;, and Eekoo Tin^our, and Ameer Soolamaun, and Ameer JuUaul u deen were with me. ■ ' ' , The twelfth design which I formed Desi '• • XII (in uniting the hearts of my people)* was this. I CALLED unto me in private Ameer Jau- koo and Eekop Timour, ar^d Ameer SpoUmaun, . ai^d Ameer Jullaul u deen ; and I fought- to confederate thehi with me. And when I retired witji them in private, my words with them were thefe -^ ** That I h^4 m^dp them «* the, partners of my fortune." * And they united firmly in my defigns. '■.■'.', ' -/. 'C-, And of thofe who were diffatisfied, I called each of them unto me in private, and fJ>c(ke'to tiiem feparateiy. And thofe who were covetous and avaricious, I. tempted by wealth and by riches j and thofe who fixed their eyes on dignities, arid commands, an4 goverpments, among theni I fliared out the countries and the provinces which I had fubdued : and I kept them all fufpenjed wur u Nuhur, certain princi^alitijBS fhould be given, to them, ^njl rej^dered inaependentflf the crowti. '/ , ;. '^ ^^^ ,, \;,;^,„,„, K . ii.oi: ...^ feetween 74 DESIGNS and ENTERPRISES /^Xy^ /^U-Oj /3^i^* ^^'^ ^ r'"N^'*^j^= jJl\_j5<^-— 2& ^Ir^' t^t' >i***^' c^^^Vj "^i^l;^ '"-^^ U^J O*^.' 2f "^ ^"i? f*"^ Aa^l^ LtW '^-^ OvJiff ^UaXS 4bo ^^ j»^9 «X«r JUb ajI ^1 y f»«>u£l ;^[^ Aa:^Lm »--Ow« but made every province anfwer the piw-pofe of fatisfyitig two inftead of om of his Ameers. K 2 being 7^ DESIGNS ANn ENTERPRISES f^l j[X:^=dJ iXJ]'j\^ j^^mj'Aj *--.N;!jJ> a£=3 cXo^^Urs-* -^^r ^^ jJ Ai^J^J>J cij:; C^^'e' l*iU« (JiX^Xfis^j fvXylJyu ^^J^'* C£5 t>«>Sr? bJjfli. ^^.^ '^ ClT:'-^ r*^>*-' ^A^!^ O'^^^J ^>^ j^ jA-,1 A%a^ i-JLlaMS/« tAivXjJ (j^.A.CL>m {J^J.V** ^J t^-^V; t>jwXJr>i-\Xj (jib yfllrsc? AfifcLsL ^UJI ^XmJ I; u-w ' fniU»wJu^ (*^> ^^'■^^^'j *^tj *^ *^' cJ^ ^■JJJ^J ^ JJri^ ^ '^j^ f^^^^^ AfO^^j ^^ JIv ^^ IJ^ fjd^ ^ OJ^ O^-w^lj-J yioj j^^ o<-A*M^ y*Lj ^*^^ o'jy z:^ /:^ o*'^«*i ^ly** '•^^^j^ JjSs Jv.L» ^^0" o^.' O^JvJ '-r<»'j"' ^ J -^^^ C"^^ Oj^ fjXx^ (jIAjI cXAflice Ij o P T I M O U R. 7^ And I myfelf pafTed over the river with Book I. five thoufand horfemen, and came forth on a hill, which was higher than the army of Ouleaus Khaujeh. And I commanded that in the night they (hould make many fires. And when the people of Jitteh beheld the fires, and when they faw a ftrong army at the head of the bridge of Sungheen, they were afraid : and the forces of Ouleaus Khaujeh pafTed that night in watching. And I in that night, on the top of that hill, was employed in humiliations and fupplications to the throne of Almighty God ; and I fent forth prayers on Mahummud (may the blefllng of God be upon him, and upon his defcendants, and upon his companions). And between fleepingand waking I heard a voice, as of feme one fpeaking to me, faying, ** Timour, ** victory and conqueft and triumph are thine." And when the morning broke, I prayed with my people. And I faw at this time that Ouleaus Khau- jeh and his Anieers were mounted on their horfes, iand going troop after troop : and my Ameers and my foldiers called for orders to purfue them. And I faid unto myr felf, I muft delay to purfue them until their intentions be known. And after they had travelled four furfungs,. they halted : and I difcovered their defign. Behold, their intention 8o DESIGNS AND ENTERPRISES C^NoJut ljt*»j| ^.;^\^ia^ tS *^L» Jj IjL*ial ^jiiLXA^S [^^ l;o^.' j I; ^jUJlsr» a£=> fjjvJ -.-tfl UljOLgj V^ UJ^J. ^^^^^^Ij*" ji'^S^ !; (jUJls:-^ J! (^Jj^tMjj jl^ g^^ 4^^- Js^ ^J.^ c^l^l ^^^.^ J J ^^LCiSa o T T I U O V K, Si intention was this — that they might briitg mc down Book I. from the mountain apart, arnd affaqlt me. »— v— « And the chiefs of (he advanced guard, whom I had defeated, had fled unt-o Ouleaus Khaujeh &f Qidter ; and he had reproved them. And tli^iaw at tKis time, that I hid dif- covered their intentions ; and that 1 came not down from tlie hill : and from neceffity they turned back, and came upon me. i -^ Anb I found it was go&d, that I fljould draw up my fopoes on the declivity of the hiU, and enter into bfttde. And when the army of Jitteh advanced, and came up on the flope of the hill, and were unable to adt, I gave orders to my warriors, that they fhould annoy the enemy with flights of arrows. And they wounded num- bers of the foe. And as the night was come, the forces of Jitteh faw that tTiey could effefl: nothing : and they encamped on the ikirts of the bill, that they might ibr- round it. And in that night I refolved thus — that forming my army into four fquadrons, I myfelf would afl'ault them by fiirprife. And when this fefolntion was impreilbd on the be^urts of my Amee^^, I mounts my horfe, and I aflaulted the enemy in four different places unawares, toward the morning. L And DESIGNS AND ENTERPRISES (MljOvgJ (AJjUg /*-Y^ yJ»sL Aa:^ wXmJ U'j JviXiLJ ^LaJI A/is*. .Xijj vXjuNjw AawjJ (M-Ojla JI /^Xs>, &!^\yL (ji-LJI ^l^»*^fs^ ^J-oJl^^ ej^^ JU^*^;.^Jjj *Jlti v*^' [}^j—'^ jiAJ v*^^ c^jl; J' iSj ^"Ns-*"^ ,X)**Jj ^j»< jXimJ ajIa<« i—jUjI ojJLL? tj« A^=» ^^^xUjy ^i^ ^ J Ax>r u jsjj-Xa^ 9j^^'^ <-^^-^ i^y^j vAJJ^ '-or' ^"^ tJ'-^ aXwaXSi J«j (^Ij^jj '•^^^rf JJ^-^J O^Xx-e !)«.i^ &ji^ jXL) Q^ aa. J; J^ oU*. ^^^j Ju J^^* ^J^re ''-^sr? ySj JSjJsjJ oU|Lsr»j ^;i^Lm ^Jj*a^ Aa^l^ U^'-i^ C^J^^J^ jJ'J >> jiji^i .(^jj ji te.ijp. ^^..uj axst.^u- r j^-^ o^ j.Lsr«j o'j OP T I M O U R. 838 And before the forces of Jitteh could ga- Book I. ther themfdves together, my foldiers difperfed them j ^"^"^ and in the fkirmifh many warribrs of both fides were flain. Aiid the forces of Jitteh cried out, " Let us flee j" and they fled. And I came up to Ouleaus Khaujeh and faid, Yole Bolifliun. -|-" And when he heard my voice, he rallied his forces in wrath ; and they returned. ' And there was fkirniifhing , between my army and his army until the rifing of the fan. And the quivers were emptied, and the enemy fought flyi-ng. And they fled even to the diilance of four furfungs, where their tents were pitched ; and they halted there in a broken condition. And I alfo drew in the reins from purfuing diero, and came down J in the place where I was. Wh en. the forces of Jitteh faw that they were broken and defeated, they ventured not to renew the flght. And I fpread my foldiers round the camp of Ouleaus Khaujeh, and I fought with them continually : even until Ouleaus Khaujeh, from extreme neceflity, croflTed the waters of Khujjund. And I alfo left off pur- fuing them, and I returned yidorious and triumphant to Mauwur u Nuhur. ! And X deliberated concerning the eftabliih- ment of my power j arid my deliberations were thefe — f, A Mogul expreflion of falutation, the precife meaning of which is not known. % i. e. encamped on the fpot where he had arrived. L 2 ^ that $4 DESIGNS AND ENTERPRISES «-XaXj ^^^^^'**J^y t^JeL sJ^ Ojf ^jyj Jv^ c:;«Y^^ f*tylJ f^f'^ cja^ L^^J Jjp^ obj&3 c^l^l Jl Uu^^ F T l: M O U R. ^ that I fhould render the Ameera obedkat a.nd iubim^OIvti Book I. unto me. For each of them thought himfelf a chief of exalted dignity } and each of them deemed himfelf greater than the reft. And &i-fl» I named Anxeer Heoiiein (the grandfon of Ameer Kurghun) who had exalted the ftand- ard of power in Mauwur u Nuhur» the partner of my fortune ; and I treated him with attention: And although he outwardly fbewed friendfhip toward me, yet did hit always envy and oppofe me. And he wanted that he himfelf fiiould be eflahlifbed on the re^aX throne of Mauwur u Nuhur.. And I had no faith in him» and I qaiTied him to the fepulchrc of Khaujeh fhums u deen^ and made him fwear fricnrf- ihip unto me. And he promifed and fwore that he would not fwerve from his engagement. And concerning his friendfliip with me,, he took an oath three times on the holy hook. And when at laft he broke his oaths, his breach of faith delivered him into my hands. Ani> Sheikh Mahummud* the foa of A- meer Biaun Suldoze,- thought himfelf a loighty chief. And I gained his affeaions by foothings ; and I, broughf him with feven Kuflioons to fubmit unto me, and I mad* him my fervant. And to each of the Ameers of thofe Koihoons I gave the coauiiaadof a protiixce. • And B6 . DESIGNS and ENTERPRISES J*,-£L (V^V O*-^ '<-^T* *^ f*'j^ ]fAj ojlj cJL^M.1 lyj J^^ (^ Jpj" fU^ jJj J^ ^J JiAs lj*fl C-lcLLsI oiXof jj:L (j*^J^ ^JJ C'^Jy^ v^-vUs (JKm^J (^^ Camj«(3 f*JjS=i ylvX«o5 '^Jy* <-^'^^j^ ^;^ *^^ U:^ artners of thy for- -** tune alfo." But their words made no imprefKoo upoa me. « ' -/y t Literally, the weeds and th& briars. "^ Anjd^ 88 DESIGNS and ENTERPRISES iJtcfek oy^ ^^^ fO^m (^lSS£s3 J^ss* Jviiilj j^_^ 4£ss «>>jIj ** ,^vAiuj (^L*J' Cij iy^ >»^ J^' ''^^ <"^J^j' C^^" <^^ JJ^ ""^^^ 'Xj^j ^XflUsr*! JlMiJu Jtc jliS= Jv^b ItAsL jJ tj'v*'^ Job ojIcX* ^^. ij^^=^ jj4>^ ^ A*;^ (wTUAxfei. U) A^s. Js^r Jiju AyjJ^ JlckLw />*^ J^2srf L^ aaJ; OP T I M O R. 89 A M o I deliberated with myfelf, faying, Book r. Since God i;s one and hath no partner, therefore the vice- gerent over the land of the Lord (the Almighty and the Holy) muft be one only, And at this time Baubau Aali Shaah -f came before me and faid, " Ti m o u R, God Almighty ** hath declared, that if there were two Gods in the •* heavens and in the earth, the ordet of the univerfe ** would end in horror and confufion." And I took warn- ing by his words. ■ «' "' And I opened the holy book for an omen, and this fabred verfe came forth as a fign, *• Truly we "HAVE APPOINTED THEE VICEGERENT UPON ** EARTH." And I took this omen as a favour from heaven ; and I formed meafures. for reducing to fubmif- fion thofe Ameers who thought themCelves the partners ~ of my fortune and dominioh. And I firft went to the ftation, and to the dwdliiig, of Ameer Haujee Burlaus, and I united him with me. , And Ameer Sheikh Mahummud, the fon' of Biaun Suldoze, was always drinking wine and ftrong fpirits; and in the end the wine deftroydd him, and he departed from the world, and I took pofleffion of his lands. t One of thofe Derviflies who girofeffed ideotifni. The Eaft is fuH'of this kind of Santons, who are held in- great veneMion by the Mahummudans.' M And $o DESIGI^S AND ENTERPRISES 4A<.u jti/j oJ/'^jyL i^jji iSj (j-^f r^r '^'' ^IJOI ^j c^jj J>^ u;^^/ jAr«t L)«^j=^ J^ OwXjSi .^ y^Xx* y» CL>Ulg j .„ * ■ t i l ^.^J *^,^r-J' (^/-w'.'j 4;jr oLo |j^ ^Is^lj »>«5. i^jj^i^ t i. e. By the exfiraooJinary favoura^ whiqh, he confeisrtA WfQa hiwii; he made him afiiamed of his foripec conduct.. o * T 1 M O U R. jic; f$ And to Ameer Bauezeed Jullaurr, who Book I. was ruler over the province of Khojjund, I gave advice : but it made not an impreidlon upon him, until the people of l^s tdbe ^roKe* 'Up againCt him« and feized hi^> arid brought him unto me. And I exalted him and caufed him to blu3i. -f* Anu to Am«er lichee Booghau Suldoze, who had exalted the ftandard of power in the city of BuUukh, I oppofed Ameer Hooflein ; who laid clainl to the imperial city J of his grandfather. Ameer Kufghun. And Mahummud Khaujeh Erudce ( who was of tbe herd of T4uemun) having jfeized on the cou^i- try of Shereghaunattt, had exalted the ftandard of enmity dgamft me : and I gave him another province, and made him my fervant. : . And the |>rinces of -Buddukhfhaun, wbp ruled over the countries of Biiddukhfliaun, had elevated the enfigiis of lioftility a]gainft me. And I dealt artfully with each of th^, 11 until they difputed among them- felves, and returned back unto me. And Ki Khiffero, and Aljauitoo Burdi hid feized on the countries of Khuttulaun, and Arhuhg. And I fent affiftance to Ki Khiffero, until he went and took poffeffion pf the lands «f Aljauitoo Burdi t and Aljauitoo j^urdi came to me fol ftielter. "* J i.e. The city of puliukh. II i.e. «o«ed airinrolltitfs aiflong Aeift, and^>yth«t««alw•^BHged^tol to fubmit. > _ M 2 An* 92 DESIGNS AND ENTERPRISES (^J-j «>uUsrl* J^jovXm v,_JyMgA^ i^jj^Mj ^\Mi£iJi .,'i\Xi\.j , J, "-Jjjt (^v^ o'-^J oJSm), Ti>U> Y>«a.2^ 5^!j vXIJ ,iS=5i- o^JI- C^Uia. (:u!t;U^j Oli^.-&^j; 0^^ ylA-<,U i^j (-^W ^^. j^ Ji^ U^J C^:i.lyl^. OoUlisr* {J. . js .x^j ( ^ ■ >>> j ,...:-> AxAJt^ ^!>-wj j|/— * c:uJL.d& Lj, t L. B : ;: ». p.: t l U. o U;.r, ,. ^* f 7 And Ameer Khi«zur Yeffooree-, afSfted by Book I, ^he tribe of Yeffoor, bad taken pofleffion of the province '"""'^ of Tauflikuhd. And I reconciled Aljauitoo Burdi and Ki Khiffero to each oth^r, and fent fcjrces with them i until they went; and over- run, and pillaged the tribe of Yeffoor." -And the power of Ameer Khizzur was reduced k^Wx aii4 he f^ed.to ;mp for protedtioai - ~ ' >.' --- V ' ArN D when I ha'd cleared theS kingdom oT MauKviw u Nuhur-from difcofd and anarchy, my armks acquired gre;at ftrength ; and the tribe of Burlaus ob- tained renown ; and the Kufhoonaut and the-Toumau- naut oi ChughtaueebeGamsi. celebrated on account of, my exploits.. And r became the ruler of all the tribes, and of th€ Kuflioonaut, ^hd of the Tjo^mmtnaut, and bf the people. But certain eaftles, of Mauwur u Nuhur were in the poffe^bn of Ameer Hooffein i and in them my authority was not eftabli^ed^ And when Ameer Hooi&in - bel^eld!. my ^igl^t and my power, h^s envy was .excited againil me. And he exaked the ftandard of hollility, and he" broke hi& oaths. And I iadv^ancQd a great way towar^ IxiHi^^^i^^ he came not at all toward me. -f: And he took from ;np the cafile of Xurlliee by fraud. And he appointed Ameer Moofr, with feveh" thouifand horfemeji, to ^liard the taftlfc ' '•• f.. t i.e. Endeavoured to bring^bout a recencilifttTottrto trhich Ahieeir •HbQfleiacdntuiue(El:ad*eife. ! -J — * I', l„., .C i L-J ilr^-^ ' ^ - > of- 94 DESIGNS a«d ENTERPRISES *Xoi ^li ^^ (JUd^sXt^t (^Ij^l (^^J>xj fjjXt L-«f "^^ ij^f ff^jhj *l^7^ ^"^^-^t oi^l;-^ v^^jU J1 IfOjL ^jXijj |*Jj^ fJ^^X^j ^1 c^UI^ (^'t-*^ fM Owfist; y^ilj -T^i^v^ iW^*' i^ oW'lf^ '^.^ of 1 Kurftiee : an4 he ajfterwards fqnt five thouifatid hprfe- Book I. men more. And he took meafures for my ideitruc- mm. ' ■ ' ■": ^-^- ":-'■■*'■' '• ' ' -■-' A N B on this account the honour of my ftation urged me on, that I fhould take from him the caflle of Kurj(hee. A^d cert^o^^of my Anj^eers cQuofclk^ me, that I flibuld go and feize it by force. But con- ceiriung the reduction of the caAl« of Kurfhee I delibera- ted thus — If I attemipt to reduc? it by a^ fiege, perhaps my forces may be repuffed. And in a fiege feveral dangers occurred to n^y mind^: and I rejef Am«veah» a, Kauruvvaun arrived from Khoradfaun ;, ^id they vvere jfdtrifneying toward Kurfhee. And the leader of that Ka'u- jTuvvaun brought gifts untQ.aus» a^d 1 ^^(^ ofjhSsoL tbei: ftate of the Ameers of Khoraulaun. , Ap4 \ told, hui*; that I was travelling' ta the kingdom, of Khoraufauui and I difinified him. A»N. It 1 feat a fpy with' th«^|>feof^©l^-tlvr Kaaruvvau% and I tarried ,QjtKt^b9rdsd«|jhfidBK**efs. (J/ Amuve^$ 96 DESIGNS a n d ^E'N T E R P R I S E S iy '^^ '^ "^-j f'^^'.^-^^'^^^^jA*^ t*^"''^'-^ f'^jC {jS'jXJ aJj y\j jSlbL' v^I OSj {j>JjO JUjlwj jUlo dJiMj f^^flbs^ OiSj tjj;v> C-vwI.^-Afl ,^^;3y'. tM^.l o^^-Nv^ ^ l;AxA3 A^j IgAj Oj— =^ , ijl; Jtgj, y*y jaXj jUa^ (^^tjwi -j^yj!^ f*J;y \3^j3 AiAS ^^,.K ; OF TIMOUR. ^j Amuveah until the fpy brought word, that the people of Book I. the Kauruvvaun had given intelh'gence to Ameer _Moofi, faying ; •* We faw Ameer Timour on the border of the ** waters of Amuveah ; and he was going toward Kho- ** raufaun." And when Ameer Moofi and the forces of Ameer Hoofleih heard this news, they were glad of heart; and they pitched their tents, and fpread abroad the carpet of riot and difiipation. And when I received intelligence thereof, i feledted two hundred and forty three brave, and refolute, and tried, and experienced warriors from among my for- ces ; and I re-croffed the waters of Amuveah. And I marched quick, and I arrived at Sharekund. And I halted for one night and for one day. And I marched from thence with great fpeed ; and I alighted at the diflance of a furfung from the caftle of Kurftiee. And I commanded that they ftiould make ■- - ■ ' , ■ . ready ladders, and bind them together with ropes. And at this time Ameer YaukoO kneeled before me, and faid, ** Many of our warriors have remained behind : until they " fhall arrive, delay is neceffary," And at thi? time it came into my mind that I would go alone and examine the caftle. A N D I took forty warriors with me, and I turned my face toward the caftle of Kurfh'ee. And when the blacfenefs of the caftle appeared in fight, I commanded N my 9S BEaiGNS AMB ENTERPRISES ojljj; Jy Ijtij-afcj (*- •■ "T;!;- o IP T.rM O U R. |3"3 99 my warriors to halt. And I took vfith me Mubbuftiur Bookt and Abdullah, who bad been born iA my houfe. And ' ""^ when I came to the border of the ditch, I faw that^ the ditch was full of water. And I looked round about, and I beheld a waterpipej -|- and water ran through that pipe to the caflle, and they had laid it acrofs the ditch. And t delivered my horfe to Mubbuihur, and I crofled the ditch On that pipe, and I came to the foot of the wall. And I went on to the portal, and ftruck on the door with thy hand ; and I difcovered that the guards of the portal were afleep^ And they had filled up the portal behind the door with clay and with earth. And I looked round the Walls of the caille, arid faw the place where the fteps idf the ladders could be jfiX6d. And I returned, and I mounted my'hoffc* and Went back to my warriors. And the troops who had remained behind came with the ladders, and they were all armed i and they took up the ladders, and I turned my face towdrd ^e caille. And they crofled the ditch on the pipe j gnd having fixed their ladders, they entered on the walls of the caftle. And whe» forty ttiblute men had entdred tht caftte, I alfo placed my foot on the ladder, and went in unto them. And they founded their trumpets ; and by the favour of Almighty God I obtained pofleffion of the caftle. And vfh&a this news reached the ears of Ameer Hooflein, he entered into the road of deceit and diffimulation j aud^ under the cloak of iriendfhip and inti- macy, he fought to bring me into his poWer. t A trimk of a tree hollowed into a pipe. N 2 Thus lOO DESIGNS AND ENTERPRISES j^^L^=k cjUI^j C_5^'"1;J j^^* '/< '^^;* oJ^ ^S &IA£=5 d\l^^ (^;-« Jjj c;.«*aJ ^t:^ ^^ J Lfj^^-^ Jaj J^I^ J!^ a£=3 Ui^ ^f^^J oJUiw^a I^AiliVj^' oL'JW^ J' C^^ J^' ^ . OF T I M O U R. n 101 Thus I adted for my deliyerance from the Book L treachery and perfidy of Ameer Hooffein, who fought to make me his prifoner. When Ameer Hooffein fent unto lAe a KoRAUN, by which he had taken an oath that nought was in his heart but friendfhip and brotherly affection to- wards me i and fent a meflage unto me, faying, " If there, "be ought in my heart contrary to that which I fay j *« and if I break my oath, and do evil unto thefe, may «« this book of God feize upon me j" — feeing that I thought him a true believer, I put confidence in his words : even until he fent a perfon unto me, arid a mef- fage, faying, ** If it may be fo that we may fee each *« other in the pafs of Chukchuk, and renew our antient «« faith, truly it will be better." Aab this was his defign, that by perfidy and treachery he might feize upon me. And although I knew that much faith was not to be placed on his wordi or on his oath s yet, out of refpeft to thehoIyKoRAUNj 1 refolved that I would go to meet him. , But I determi- ned that I would firft fend a number of my refolute war- riors, and fecrete them round about the pafs of Chukchuk, and that I myfelf would go with another body of my people and .fee Ameer Hooffein. A N D I fent advice to my friends, who were the followers of Ameer Hooffein, that they fliould inforn* DESIGNS-AND ENTERPRISES o;iXj ^lAtM:^ -A.«l »*S aXjI ii" ^<^S t**^ «-KJs)*J j[4*i« 0W» >J ^ roj-j r^;^ >^J t'/^b r^j^ <* «(' o * T I M O U A, i^^ inform me of his defigns. And Share B^aam» who was Book I. of my friends, informed mh of the defigns of Ameer ^"""^"^ Hooffein. And Ameer Hooflciri flew him y and fet out with a thoui^d horfemen to come upon me. And at that time I had pitched my tentfr at the entrance ©f the pafi, and this news came unto me. And I ordered my forces ; and, behold, the vanguard of Ameer Hooffein appeared in &ght. And my Kurrauvu- laun brought word, faying,. " It is the army of Ameer ** Hooflfein -, and, lo ! Ameier HofTein himfelf cometfe not with them : for he hath heard that AnOeer -f- is comei « alone, and he hath ferit an army to-feize thee." And, behold, I was prepared; and two- hundred horfemen were all that were with me. And I Waited imtil the forces of Ameer Hdoflein bad- entered the pafs t and I fent a meflenger to the people whom I had fent before me, and I commanded them to feize the wsty' ef their retreat. And I myfeif oppofed th^m face to face.. And I enclofed my enemies in that pafs, and I took many prifoness. And I gathered my p^etxple" together,, and 1l ordered them, an4 ^t out towards Kurfhee. And by^eJc-- perience it was known, untome,, that a friend in all places. Cometh to ufe. J And I wrote to Ameer Hooffein, the fenfe ef this Verfe,, in the Toorki || language ;, f i.e. Timour.. -'' i Alluding to the intelligence which he had receivedfrom Share Behraum. K i. e.. the Mogul.. Say^, 104 DESIGNS AND ENTERPRISES sXmXj j\jOj jy^. J^ I JLj-« a/^ J-T" liiai. (jUjJjI iS^ ^>^j ^J^ ^jAsi. cioj (j^r J J » 1^1 A^ f»w\jiJKJ i^r^j -Xiflj tXJl oiAiSi oljj l^xJli' J J Q*.IJI «^U. jl c„5*^yj ^i-r' (j-^" o^^-t' y I;^^ U^.W ^1^ u*-Lv" V»^ 2?^jJ OJ^J ' OF T I M O U H. 1^^ ; ** Say, O Zephyr, to that friend, the layer of thefnares Book I. ** of treachery, <— v— » " Doth not the treachery return back to the doer of ** treachery ? " And when Ameer Hooffein received my meffage, he was afhamed and confounded ; and he made excufes. And I had faith in him no more, and I was no more deceived by his words. In making clean the land of Tooraun from thofe of the tribe of Ouzbuk who had efcaped the fwprd, thus I aAed. W H E N I drove forth from Mauwur u Nuhur the armies of Jitteh, and of Ouleaus Khaujeh, and forced them to crofs the waters of Khujjund, certain of the troops of Ouzbuk were enclofed in the caAles of Mau- wur u Nuhur i and when I fought to fend forces upon them, it came into my mind that perhaps the war might be tedious and of long duration. And at that time news came unto me, that the Ouzbuks continued in the caftles ; and I faw it was not good that I ihouild fend my arn^ies againfl them. And I wrote a fummons, as if from Ouleatts Khaujeh, and I gave it to an Onzbok, and I fcnt forces along with him. And I commanded them to fhew themfelves, and to raife a great dufl. And when the Ouzbuks received the fummons of Ouleaus Khaujeh, calling them unto him, O and iQ^ DESIGNS AND EFTEIVPJRISEa ^' Ou Jj a;uS,11><*Uu *_=*; *a)L^ ijw.^ w^iO 1^ OjAAjj ^ j\ji\ c^j Q^. a£s ^Ua^ (J>;ljj CW> ^j^ ^j^^ ^y,Ai&.£=aJj OjaJQ. ^;^ Cob C^MAfelwi AaJ-« j^ Jwfrf' ilj"-*. JV.r v-^JLc ^y-« y. a/ CK& lJjJjjj «Xfci*i; lalSpJl Jtac^^ jjA^lj Ojjf JJjy i^Jt^ b O"^^^ f^ j?r*=^ c»s-^ © ^ *!" t M O U t. 107 told fa'vfr l3ifc duft taifed by my people 4 thty q^tted the Book I. caftles, night after night, and fled. And the land of ^"""^ Mauwur u Nuhur was delivered from thofe oppfieflbrs tyho had fcu^t to flay me^ and thit %ingd'biii fubmihed Co iQy government. A N D I regarded t^e ti^s of Icihdred, and gave to Ameer Hooflein the country of Bullukh and the caftle of Shattdumaun. And he perceived not the degree of my kindnefs and regard ; and he fought to deftroy me. And in i:«ducing Ameer HooiTein thus I determined. Wh E N he faw the ligns of my vidtories and conquefts, his envy was excited; and he moleiled me, and' he molefted his filler who was in my houfe ; and he fought to take IVtauwiir u Nuhur from me. And he girded lip fiis loins to flay me. And he came forth toin^ tihles to fight with me: and h& Was defeated every time^ WftEN his iniquity and iiyuliicehad reached the limits of expefs, and it was^ near that h>e fltio'ild be- come conqueror dVer me, and ^xpei fhe ; in thofe days his Ameers^ bdoaufe of the dvUs wkich he had done tmtd them, turned back from him- And he flew Humoocheei the brother of Ameer Ki Khiflero, the ruler of Khuttu- imti, Ahd Ameef Ki Khifleto febeiled in IChiitftilaun. And his Ameers were in a flat? of enmity j axai he ^oi^t tliat they were his friends* And he O a ' ">' • brought laS DESIGNS and ENTERPRISES ;f ^j^ ^jj ^J J^j c:.*wfJu-9 Jlij J*I Jl I^M*4j jj AxJJujh O/V *V^ '^'^ 7=^ aAjUUj AAJlAyJ CJ^y»*=* tXcf ^csi^l (j»jj« jJ <^r* »XS( f^^^ass^ o*.\«* t^J^j ^j.^ b a/"I^T ^JjckU. Jul' V^ J*^ f^lXXf {^ySc^ yZ^fMiS **j^ 'j '^'^ U-« A^iXwuiiltiiyoli. t He was obliged to deliver up tiie caftle to Timouf, from whom he re- ceived a promife of perfonal fafety } but was flain neverthelefs feme days after by certain of that prince's officers whom he had formerly inj^ured*. Vid. Hi/hire de Timw-Bec, Tom. I. p. 191. OF TIM a U K, io^ brotight forth his tents from the land of Bullukh, with a Book T. refolution to drive me out and deftroy me. And they lirought unto me this news, and I faw my advantage in this, that even before Ameer Hooifein could put himfelf in motion, I fhould go down upon him. A N D I turned toward Bullukh, with the people that were with me : and my vi£torious forces came from all parts, and from all iides, and were gathered to- gether. And having arrived on the borders of the land of Bullukh, I pitched my tents. And Ameer HoofTein came forth to %ht with, and expels me ; and it availed him not. And he entered into the caftle, and was en- clofed therein. And that befel him which did befall him. -f* * CoNCERNTNG thofe who had done evil unto me, and who, reflefting on their evil doings, thought in their hearts that I fhould flay them, thus I adted. When Ameer HoofTein fell into my hands, and his Servants and his Ameers were fufpicious of me, that I would flay them ; although I had determined to put them to death, yet, as they were y^arfidrs, I faw it was good that I fhould difpel their fears, and^ employ them in war. % % The principal Ameers of Bullukh having j^evoItedfromTiisourj and fiibmitted to their former prince Sooltaun Ahmud luUauir. JSkun jio DESIGNS ANn ENTERPRISES ,^,j9jj jj^^j Jats^ yJbr^.^J A/'fJoJ ^^^J 4:t «£-, i»A,j ^^^J fjJ^ (jiiUuSs VjUc aX^ ^^jlj (^! Jol cJic v!^ jO if o^';-^ OP r t M © UK* * ^ S<' iri A.N 13^ l^e Amser ul Omurau of Anneer Book I. HoQileia was th& governor of Buddnkhfliansn,; and he ksd met me face to face many times, and had fought againft me. And when he heard that Ameer HoofTein was flain, , he feared my juftice^ and he coUe^Sted himfelf togpthsert And if I had appointed, an army to feize him, it would not have been pcopcF. ''' An D £ £eigned negligeric& tJewaed hinirj^ and I faw it vvas gpod that I Hiould ii^ealL \yell of his con- dudt, and pisaife his courage and his magnanimity in^ the aCemblies, and among the people r untif his friends. wrote ' Bntorhijn*, faying^ " Ameer Timour is inclined/ to fhew^ '^ favour and mercy unto thee." A^d he fiipplicated me fubmiffivel^,.. and he refted on myxlemency and favour j' and he came to me £oiiL prote^ion^ 'Ehe design which I formed^ for fubduing the capital city of Khoraufaun, was thi«» Wheji- the kingdom of Bullukh« and the ca^e of Shaudumaunj. and the countries of Buddukfcfhaun were fubdued-j and whl^- Ameer Hooflein was flain j; the news thereof came to Mtdlik Gheaus u deentHe rulef of Khoraufaun, and he tremy ed ; for hitnfelf. And, ha^ bigan; to gaJ4ier» t^i^bef. his foldiers and his army j and he fought to fecure himi^^ felf. A V D. I. faw my fttecyefe-in diis^, tha^ K Ihould throw the people of Khoraufaun-. into the fleep of' negligence' and for this reafon I turned batk the reins 312 DESIGNS AKD ENTERPRISES JdaJ (jJjJ^\ I^jIaC \lSX» «U Aamj/ ^^^J (j«« vO A^U Jo^^=> OJJbp. V!^ >/'^ t' CJ^."^' ^^'^ (-.AX*- Ot\ul*»<; ooCLy<«^ ^^.^iJJ cih'/^j Jwf^j ol^^j! jU.lj c^jy l>Jj-Sp u-« C^Uol <^^Ii^ (^U.lj£S. C^l;-«ij vXlJ 4:>-« C^lj^l Jwfjti jA==***^ ijUl^ oja^ o>-=^ ^.^J^IaA^ V-J^ (^fAj C^^^ qUc '/«j^-L; d^ jti^ Job ^ OP T I M 0"U R. ri^f of my intention toward Summurkund. And after that a Book I. letter from my Peer came unto me, faying j « Mullik ^"^""^ ** Gheaus u deen is employed in tyranny and oppreffion." And when, from the news of my return toward Summurkund, Mullik Gheaus u deen had fat down quiet and fecure, I reSfolved thus — ^ ** Now the hearts ** of the people of Khoraufaun are no longer afraid of me, «* I muft fall upon them." And I turned back from the neighbour- hood of BuUukh i and withthe krmy which I had left in BuUukh, I marched with fpeed : an4« coming to Hurraut, i took Mullik Gheaus u deen in the fleep of fecurity. And he Was helplefs, and he came forth from the city of Hurraut, and ^e prefentpd antb |n& his tre^fures, and his wealth, and his kingdom. And the kingdom of Kho- raufaun was fubdued ; and the Ameers of Khoraufaun, every one of them, ■ fubmitted untame. '^^k.; The designs which I formed for con- quering the countries of Seiftaun, and Kundahaur, and the land of the Afghauns, were thefe. When the kingdom of Khoraufaun was reduced to ol^edience, my Ameers counfelled me, faying, ** Thou muft fend armies "to fubdue thefe three countries." I anfwered them, - faying. If the matter be not brought to pafs by the ar- mies, without remedy, I myfelf muft turn the reins of P my 114 DESIGNS AND ENTERPRISES ^^^ ^1 a£=3 oJy*^ C^-' ^ ^J*-i J^.«^ U^ r^^ "^ AaJUj Asr'U vA;iJoi ^ ^X^Ail jJ v^=sl« JvajI j JujI jJ o'Aj' ^^y. o'-Nv-y ^f?r^'^ Ay^. }^^\if^y* J:^^^^ ,; ■•. (.'fit .;?:«a- • •' ■■■■ b iF T I M O U ^. ^ Hj my intention that way : and, 1>ehold, I have very much Book I. bufinefs before me. ' ' '""' A N D 1 faw it- was good,^ that I fliould write mandates of encouragement to the rulers of thofe countries, to this purport — " If ye come in unto me, ** come i and if ye refufc, refufe : arid do that which ye ** fee beft." And, behold, the mealbre was good : and as foon as my mandates arrived, they placed the forehead of fubmiiSion on the path of obedience. : , The pESi-GN which I' ibrijied for van- g^uifliing Aui;oos Khaun, and far fubduing the Dufht of Kipchauk, was this. When Touktummifh Buddau Khaun ^was defeated by Auroos JChaun, and fled to me for ibeltea-, t bOun&ll6d with myfelf whether I ftiould fend an army with Touktumniifli Khaun, or whetjier I fliould go myfelf. „ ^ An D at this time the ambaffador 'of Au- rpps Khaun 'a^riyi^^. i^n4 1 faw xny advantage in this ~- that I fhould ipeak fair to liis ambaffador, and difmif^ bihi, ahdlHut up tbe road to the Dufht, and appomt an itfmytojfet out after theambafikdor ;-<=:^n(i that on tlie d^ after that on .which the. .ambaffador fliouW enter the pre- fente of Auroos KhaUn, without fufpiciort j wHilft Aui-oos Khaun fhould be unprepared, my forces fhould affault him. ';^^ ■-■---■■ ■ .^^. ■■■--' ■ ' P 2 " And ii6 DESIGNS AND ENTERPRISES J g^'L8&»L» c^X ^;^^ ij^ o^la ^1^1 A^ •Jyi* .nin. J'y^j LW^ij olji/^j oMie;JLj ob^J^j u^^7^J rJ;^ Jl^ JU, oJl;l I; ^^U»jJ Jl lIj «wXj ai^ fiXfj jjiiUiSs c^A^a. >)j:i. -iS^I 4;/ oUj ;j^ a^ L^"*^ t)j' JLXam^ OF TIM O.UlR.OIv 117 And when I did fp, the meafure proved Book I. fuccefsful. For when the ambaffador arrived, even whilft ^-"''^ he related his ftory, my vidorious armies, like unto an tinforefeen calamity, poured on the head of Auroos Kbaun. And Auroos Khaun had not the power to oppofe them j and he refolved on flight. And the Dufht of Kipchauk was fubdued. -f- The DESIGNS Which I formed for fub- duing the countries of Kilaun, and Jurjaun, and Mau- zinduraun, and Azzurbauejaun, and Shurwaun, and Fau- Tis, and Erauk, . were thefe. In thofe !daysi' when the petitions of the people of Erauk, on account of the op- preffions of the race of Muzzuffur, and of the rulers of the nations, came unto me, I refolved to go down upon Erauk. And at this time it came into my mind, that if the rulers of thofe countries fliould join tdgether to oppofe me, I muft be well prepared for war : and my Ameers gave this counfel, faying, ** We muft go prepa- ** red for war." And I refolved with myfelf, that I would make them obedient unto me, one by one j and that I would chaftife thofe who refufed to fubmit. And the firft peribn, who fought my pro- tedlion, was Ameer Aali the ri^ler of Mauzinduraun , -f- Upon the death of Auroos Khaun, which happened fooit after his defeat, Touktumoiifli Khaun was eftabliflied on the throne of the Duflit of Kipchauk, by the affiftance of Timour. .( wha ii8 DESIGNS AND/ ENTERPRISES U>^ f**^ oW-jT^J 0"^i^. ^-^■^'« ^^^tJ^H? ^J" (•JvAji^Ssj jXD ^'ij^j "i^^^j f*^j^vJ . u^' o^.' ;^ML*fcj1j (•Jj^**' o'^-' *^^-V*iiAj 1 1 A—X—LJJ oJ-^=?' JlyXcl * f*v-Uj oj-s= ci>"6*^ o^^-' y ^'^^^ l^.A^j'*^ °,"V^x L_^'~^ ■h!( who fent gifts unto mej and itt:t;he" lette' wbich lie BookL wrote unto me, he inferted this ■ — ; " We, >yl^o are of the, '•^pofterity of Aati, have' refted fatlsfied with this land; «« (SjJiX}^ ■f That is to fay j ^ thou njoilt take it from. ** »J, thy power is greater than ours } but if thou, "milt **fpareusy it wiM comer -nearer' tct'cJem^cyi'"'^ T*^ t!^""' I CONSIDERED th& fubmiffion of. the ru*- for of Mauzinduraun: as a happy- oincn j and I turned to- ward the 6C»n.tiles .ftf Kil^uo- ajadctojaiaSii^ «Juid when the princes of thofe^ countries fubmitted not unto me, I appointed troops to go down upon them ; and I myfelf drew my army ^aErauki. ■^'•' i^ cr-?C*, ro{)ei- to obferve^that inafiatic encounters the difappearance or retreat of the grand ftandard of the prince has ever been, and ftHl is, attended with the lofs of tile battle. This ftandard Is confpicubus for its fize, ahd< accompanies that body of troops immediately headed by the p«in6te4iibi ENTERPRISES J^.A^a^. CiyS^.oOlOAii;li •jUjvilj.^^^^a^ai. ^j*.yj ry^L^so e^A^ JiJou ^j,^^:-^ ^0 :'::;! \j fJU«.^ ^,^ Jv^l ^ILU j^' C3-=?'^' «ij' -^^ t ii^e. At the time that the advanced guard was engsged,.Timour, affured of fuccefs from his intrigue with the ftandard-bcarcr of. Touktum- OB. T It M: O U R, J I a a ff 125 And -when it reached; the e&.ts of ttie BookL Ameprs and the li^eaders, that my children had kneeled ' '""' before me, and had offered to devote their lives, unto ine, they became ftrong of heart, and they refolveAon battle!^ ^' And Lap^ointed- the prince AbauBiikkuri with eight thoufand horfemen, the advanced guard. And whea the flames of war and of flaugljter afcendpd high, I commanded tW the te'nts>,fhouId be ])itched,--ahd thar ^y ^^J^ And at, this time the ftandard of-,Touk- tummifli Khaun was inverted r andTTouktummifh, dif- maycd and confounded, gav:e fhie trflrc of ^ouji to the wind of defolation ; and turned his back on the field of flaugh- ter, and fled» ..xa,J(, .'tji^d:, -J , The design which I formed for the re- duction of Bughdaud (the cityof Waumtv) and ferauk a Arrub, was this. (, -..^^^ . ;% After I had fubdued Erauk a Ajjurh and Fauris, in thofe days a* letter from Koottiib lil- Aktaub^ my Peer, came unto me, faying* ** The lord of Erauk ** a Ajjum and Arrub hath given. Erauk unto thee-'^ And thus I afted in the reduction Of Bughdaud . I firft -fent an amijaiTador to Sijoltauhr A^^ mud Jullauir, that hf might inform himfelf of the prowef& ?nifli, ordered in contempt the cavJdry of his main body to dlfmount "and^ prepare'their- vtftuals Vid. Jfii/i. Tiniur-Bia Tttri.Ul.'.|>Viii+.' ^^■^■'^-'^ andi Ii6 DESIGNS -AND ENTERPRISES jUbl. oJ*!jJ C^JJjf wNjub"- J Ai^#=y lMy« D^j^l^ CiJS^ (>^ «3^S=» JUkij aAAj Jl_if^ jUwgJ r^;/ (^M (^r sji. c\jj^ '" - : OF T I M: 0-UciK.0 18H DujrbHand.^ A*ip 1 reviewed my armies, and^, behold., tfiey flood onHfbuf. fur^hgr of ground J^'in^bawlfe array:; f. A nrodcDf 'Speech u fed by the anabailacl6r to exprefs his- contempt of: the abilities of Sooltaun Ahmud.. " %, About 13 Englifh miles. 1; -.^^. S2$ DESIGNS AND ENTERPRISES _, U^L? «-^^ °'^>ir' JJ^ Jjr^ Vf" J'j tXiJ jj Jv.r jO> ^j^ y**/^.* JO Smjj l^J^Jy. ci^J (•Jv-er ^J ^'Ls?^ C^v>J VqV aA^m jOj I; >*w*i^ j»3=*v >6^^l C^'^*^J (oLnjJL O0X15 ,*^^ |"«-)^t^* cj Jjlx^ jj/oX^t jili«« *i!2kU*» js:"*^ [;wXa^ OoLT (jUoXmj Jyy=sr» oJ\) j-*^U A w D, I ci^fled the W4t«r& of I'iraour f. Book I, And I wrote mandates to the people, and the trjbeis of .the *■"''■"' Daftit of itipdhauk, faying ; Whoever cometh in unto me, let-kim come; and whoever rcfufeth, let him refufe. Akd in the year- feven hundred and ninety A.D. fevcn I jentetsed the Duflit of Kipchauk. And I went to ^^^*' the boundaries of the land of the north ; and the people, and the tribes of Jouji, whi© oppofed me, I defti-oyed. And I fubdued ihe eountri^ ^n^ ^€ ca:ftles of -ckeiifth and of the fixth region. J And I returaed vidtor ious and triumphant. .- ' ..■■!..!.:,>■ My design, for reducing the empire of Hindollaun, was this. '"Firft, to difcover the thoughts a£ my Sons and of my Ameers, I detttanded couhfel df them. , , The prihce PeerMahummud Jehaungheer faid; <* Behold, when we fhall fubdue the empire of «* Hind, with the 'goM of Hind, we fliall become the •** conquerors of the wprld." l ' And the prince Ma,hummud Sooltaun i^oke, faying j ** We may fubdue Hina : ytt ^indb- ** ftaun hath many ranipacts. .Fi^ft, the rivers ; and/fe'- ** rondly, the wildemeifes and the foreAs j and .thirdly, «* the foldiers clad in armohr; atid fourthly, the de- «yMilts, dfiftrbyersttf ^eiii" '; h^ ** : • t 'The WJrflj2r«»»aris-]^fobaWy»art error. t He penetrated to Mofcow, at that time the capital of Ruffi?, which he pillaged. Vid. HiO. Ttmur-Bec, Tom.II. p.363. See alfo note on p. yi. R The * 130 DESIGNS A^JD'i^NTERPRISES , >>'lfl ■ -. •!■-.- (^AJlji* ^J ^s — > C"\A-> ^j. oti oOJj jA^ol I^ qLajjjJ-J oLIjJU* cKUelAXiQ lft_AJt5 I J (^«.A£^l^« ^j«A2».« f ^ Jjjlj Jyi ^Li U (js^ ^lyj e^^ljif i^Sbl ^jCjJ J'^J ^Sr^ '^y^ '-^■rJ;^^ ^^-^ ^^^=> (^[^ /^ ^^^ fly**^ Aa^^ t^^' (Sj^ ^ ^ f^^j^ (^l4*rfl, v|^ *( tc tt "%« J y >.. The, prince, Spoltaun Hooffei'njfpol^e, :and !^°o^ I- fai4i,(/t_When we fliall have conquered Hindoftaun, we ** fhall become, the l6rds aod the rulers ' of four re-> ^ gions." -f- . , , , . <■" The prince Shaahfokh'faid J* " Iliave read 5ia-thp -Tporki annals, that there 'tare five mighty' kings,, whom, becaufe of their, greatoefs, they mention ** hot by their nWes. For, behold, they call tlie king **TDf1Efu^,'Daurau- and^tke king of Room they call "Keefurj andv^he.king of Khuttu^.,^ , and Cheen,/,and *^ Maucheen, they ftile Fughfoor ; ^nd they call the kjng «' of ToorkiAaun/'KhaukaUfl/ anci thcyk:ail the" lord of «* Erau'n, iawid-bf Tooraiin, King of kings.^-' i And, lo \ ** the^ower of the King of kings hath, i;i ajl ti^es, been ** overlthe empire of Hindoftaun": and fince the land of " Eraun, and tht land 6f Tootiuii are in our hands, it *« behoveth us to conquer Hindbftauii alfo;" ' k» > ■'L'-.k/j The Ameers fpoke, andfaid ; " Although «* we' may fubdue Hind, yet if we tarry in.that li^nd, our '^ ** pofterity will be loft j and our children, and our grand ** children, will degenerate from the vigojtir of their fore- ** fathers, and become fpeakers of the language of Hind." And I had refolved oii the conqueft of Hindoftaun, and I \yas loth- to defift from my rcfolinaopi': ^nd I anftvered them, fayingj- " I will turn to.Alniighty ** God, and Iwjll feek the fign of war in. the Koraun, f i. e. Four fevenths of the known world, f pr the Arabians, and Per- fiaris, following the antient Gf^ek writers, diftribiifc what fllej imagine the habitable parts of the earth, into feven regions or climates. ' ; ^ R 2 ~ " that 1^3* DESIGHS AM^D ENTERjPRISES dy^ A^ 0^'> ^^ tJs^ C^fO^.^ '^'j C^'^ fj\J ^JX>I * (i^^yASi cXJvAiM £*1ax>« JL5I .xits^j^f-jy^yiljO/" JoJ ^^^ '' cXamj V-jf JU &AJ^ /Jl.^,xLw OjJ of; j\ dS f'^S-' j^l ^^ t Arabic. ** that whatever be the will of Qod, that J m,ay (|o."» Book I. And they all confented thereto. And whela I fought an omen in the holy- book,. this faqred verfe came forth — ^ ** Q prophet ** FIGHT WITH THE INFIDELS AND T.HE U.NBEr ** LrEVBRs." And when the dodtors of the law ex- plained the meaning of the verfe to the Atijeers, tHey hung down their heads, and they were fiient. And my heart was ■ grieved >by their filence. , A N D I deliberated with myf^lf concern- ing the Ameers who oppofed the reduction of Hindoftaun,^ whether I fhoold throw them down from their commands, and give their troops, and their KuOioqns' to theiwj >^' J^' !; '^'-^ U*-^' /»-*-^J '^Lj *^ ^^ lJ^ t According to D'Herbelot {BibL Ortentale, p. 603,) the Mahummudans have given 99 names or attrib6tes to their prophet, the fame number by which they diftinguifli the Creator. By this account the names of the pro- phet o F T'l M O UK.:; 12EU 135 And;! ordered. Sooltaun Mahummud BookL Khaun, and^ the prince Rooftum, and other Ameers with ^""""^ thirty thoufand horfemen of the fight wing, that, croffing the waters of Sind, they fhoiild go dovvn on the country of -Lahore, by the way of the ikirts of the mountains ^ jl if^JJ^ JJ^J—^ QvX-iw &*JiS CiOU*=^ ^^^j' oy^J CivSJ' J J (^^' Jww; f^y« (jiiy5 lir"« »X«r OtMii^c^ ^-J »^^iy*V C^^ (**^ A_A_iijy' aJ" v-^tUa ^^ ^j Axis i;,r (^Ui^ ^^^ Qjy^ ijUiWi |^iii«3 OwM^XtM jJ A=3 j^LaX^J ._J^ (i^jj f^T^ o'^ ..^'^^ Ls^**^ BjSasla^ *-)^ar** t When Mooii fubmitted, Timour found it prudent to continue him for 4 time in fais,govei3unetity and iupplied bim with peoplecftnd necei&ries. to -potthecaftlettf Jreaab in a prefer iftMe of defence. , The empenar, oh his o F T I M O U R. 137 one of my fervants and, well- wifliers (and the prince Peer Book I. Mahummud had left him to defend the caftle of Ireaub ) and he flew him, and plundered all that he had. And at this time MuUik Mahummud, the brother of Luflakur Shaah, came and demanded }uflice j and he fet forth un- to me the murder of his brother by the cruelty of Moofi. An D I gave orders that Mullik Mahum- mud fhould be thrown into prifon ; and I faid that Moofi was my well-wifher j and my Ameers fpoke of my in- juftice. But when the news of the confinement of Mullik Mahummud, and of that which I had faid, reached the ears of Moofi, he became flrong .of heart. And when the mandate which I had written unto him arrived, he came without fear and he delivered up the caflle. And when I went to view the caftle, one of his foldiers fhot an arrow with an intention to flay me : and Moofi met with his reward, -f- And the road toHin- doftaun was open. The design which I formed for van- quifliing Sooltaun 'Muhmood the ruler of Dehli, and Mulloo Khaun, was this. his arrival in that neighbourhood, went to view the caftle; when one of the people of Moofi let fly an arrow at him. As he had all a^ong determined to chaftife Moofi, he immediately caufed him to be feized and put to death. Vid. Hift. Timur-Beiy Tom. III. p. 39. S And 138 DESIGNS and ENTERPRISES 0^^ j\jc^j jj^ jtrut^*. cj^ J^y^ tjs*^^ JUiiAiwIj \j ^^yj ^^ j[^^ ll^J=> (3'^=*' O^J OywL Ci^jb uaJIs b*'?^^ (»A^ ^^'^J t3^ li^^U* V^JHass*^ C^^*^ {*^=^^ ""^^/^^ ^jlkUij ys^ I) ju^ aim jio ju wG 0^-*''^;^ Ls*** 1^=;.^: OP T I M O U R. I'j SooLTAUN Muhmood and MuUooKhaun, Boo with fifty thpufand men, horfemen and footmen, and one hundred and twenty elephants, made ftrong the caftle of Dehli, and prepared to oppofe me. Andt it came iflto my mind, that if I (hould fefolve on fubdiaing the caftle of Dehli, perhaps the war might be long and tedious. And I counfelledwith myfelf, that I would make myfelf appear weak in their fight j that the enemy might gaia courage, and come, and fight with me on the plain. And on this account I dug a ditch round my army, and I ftrcngthened myfelf within that ditch ; and I fent a force to meet them. And I commanded the foldiers that they jQiould fliow themfelves weak and fearful, that they might give courage t<> the enemy. V - And when the enemy found themfelves - powerful-, they exulted : and they came into the plain, and they oppofcd' my v't&x)riioMs armies face to face. And ''Sooltaun Muhmood, the ruler of Dehli^ came into battle, and he was defeated, and he fied toward the nK)untains. And fpoils and wealth above meafurei, in money and in effects, fell to the lot of my foldiers. And in the fpace of one year I conquered the chief city of Hind : and at the end of the fame year r returned toward the iriiperlail city of'Summurkund. S 2 The 140 DESIGNS AND ENTERPRISES o'-^^ ^^^= LlLty jLi£=j b JL^i»j fji: j\ j->^J '-^^****AJ j^=y<^ iSj^ (^'Umj c/*^ C^ls::* J^!^ (j>S'^ dS ^\^ ^U'sr* JCj*j ^l^JUbj ^jLwlj_ji. x^yy^^Xjj t^^jj u*ij^^ lyl^'^l'^j u^^ii^j o'^j^j o4r0 OF T I M O U R. 141 The design which I formed for fubduing Book I. the countries of Goorjiftaun, was this. When I returned vidtorioUs and trium- phant from Hindoft'aun, I had not yet refted. from the fa- tigues of the war of Hind, when the petitions of the governors of the two Erauks arrived, faying ; ** The infi- ** dels of Goorjiftaun have advanted beyoftd their b®un- «* darics." And, behold, I at all times thought that there was nought more worthy the valour of princes thaa the Conquering of kingdoms aiid- empires, and the waging^ holy wars with infidels and unbelievers. . And, in thofe days, when the news of the irruption of the infidel inhabitants of Goorjiftaun ar- rived, I reflected, that if I delayed to' qhaftife them, per- haps the feditious of that country might rife into open rebellion ; and in chaftifing them I ufed expedition. A N D I gave liberty to the foldiersi who bad returned from the war of i Hind, that. every Oi?e of them who chofe to ftay at home, might ftayj and that every one who chofe to go with me, might go. And I ferit forth orders to the armies of Khordufaun and Kunda,haur, and Seiftaun and Kurmaun,^^ and Tubburiftaun, and Kilaun, and IVIauzinduratin, -aivJl Fauris; that they fliould make ready for war* and come, down into the neighbourhood of Isfahaun, and be united to my vi(Sorious forces, -f :hi. .,; nit » d r.i Auotnr: :■ ' t i* c* To the army which Ik commanded in perfon. 142 DESIGNS AND ENTERPRISES Jt* jU T'^^v' ck'v:^ c,^j^^ jtv^^j r^;-^= ^ >'^ O^^/y O*^'/^ ol'^^'^J oliJ^ 0^;fi^'^J fjiibjlj (jlJwJuej (T''^^*-' '--'S-*^* ojyoX^ .^=>Ij*i.£ ,j Ij t Viz. To fet forward in great martial pomp, as afterwards defcribed. t Timour, in his firft incurfion into Geb^gia,'redticed Tiflis the coital* and took prifoner Ipocrates the cfariftian king of that country, who after- ~' - • ' ' ' wards OF T, I M PaU,.^-. ;SHr I43j And I refolved th^t I wpuld difperfe and Book!, featter abroad the rebellious and feditious of evefy coun- try. Thus I fent into the land of Tooraun certain of the feditious of K-boraufayn and .ef Fauris, and delivered thofe countries from their machinations. And I turned the reins of my intention to the reduf Azzurbauejaun. >«*; , 'J liL., -.1.'^ '■.i.-cr-li.c •;^-^ And afters tjjis I went to, reduce the caftles of Mulluteah and ttie neighfeouirhood thereof. And when I had fubdued ti|e caftks>afld,baA taV^n-f^elSe^o^Hbeffiv wards torned Ma'hummudan^and became; a great favourite \vith Twour ; tp whoni.he^ave,a fuit qfJirmpur, wl^ich ^e preteiided-JPjiuood ^.e^ Da- vid) the kmg 6f Ift^el had fe^ed with hisi>wii'ltjinds'ln iiaiiSiH^fliop, y id . Jfi^. Tmur-BfCt Tonj,. I. p. ^oo., > ~ , ' This is' tfe armouir 5»hifrK-Ti4out-put^ii/«»' *^«Ml(^ ¥fi«»oiiv ^/-> I refolvedi '\'-) 144 DESIGlSrS AND ENTERPiRISES ■■' *■'*' J!!>*jj ["Lij ya^ L_CJL^ jff^=^ y jLJiAj* A>uaLe< qmIaAmi V ^\]> A^—) «Aamj^ V^^^ iL-tUt*,^ aS=? qly£=»y ,,^^^. 1^' c^l^Uj diet J J C>S^ OF T I M O U R. 145 I refolved to conquer HuUub and Humfau : f and I fub- Book I. dued that country with little labour. And I girded up ^"^"^ the loins of "my refolution to fubdue the countries of ^iffur and of Shaum. | The design which I formed for the re- duftioh of Miflur and of Shaum, was this. Wh e n the news of my power and my ftrength reached the ears of Keefur, || that I had con- quered the caftles of Seewaus and Mulluteah, and the de- pendencies thercofi and that I had difperfed and defeated all his foldiers, who were in thofe caftles, he was very wroth. And at the inftigation of Kurrau Eufobf, the Toorkumaun ( who had fled from the ftiock of my army, and had fought flielter with Keefur) ^e rpfolved on war. A N D, behold, the ruin and overthrow of Keefur was at hand j and Kurrau Eufoof urged him that ^le (hould.^draw an army upon me. And Keefur, at the in- ftigation of Kurrau ETufoof, came down with a mighty army; and he called the forces of Miflur and of Shaum to his aid. And I refleiAed, that if I alfo divided my people into three armies, it would be better. But, be-- hold, vidoi-y and defeat are hidden by the curtain of fate : and I demanded counfel of my Ameers. And they gave foldier-like counfel, faying, "Thou muft godown to battle "Ayi?h fpeed." , - . , f Aleppo and Emefla. % Egypt and Syria. I Caefar : the title given by the Afiatic nations to the Turkifli em- perors. ^46 DESIGNS and' EKTERPRISES )J ^2^ ijUsj. y(}jj D'(»^' cifti^ lJjI.^ Jf (^^i£=il Mia jjf y (;j«iV***^ .*XjMv« Jl »■^*J^ ^^-w-^' j!*-^' oOji j^ If ■■ t Jj^ yil^aA^ss (•J(Xn^ j_/,2_A_P JjJJ (VJfJ;t_^ T JS * T I M O U R. M 147 And when I refleifed by myfelf, thus I Booki. found it was good, that I fliould extingui(h the fire of '""'^^ Keefbr by poKcy, And I wrote a Wtter to Keefur j and the fubilance of it was this. ^, ^'Praise is due to the. God of the uni- *• verfe, that he hath brought under my authority many " of the kingdoms of the feven fegtoins of the world; ** and that the princes and irulers :of theie^arth have fub- ** mitted unto me. May God be merciful to that fer- " vant who knoweth his own Ikiiits, and who pljtCeth not ** the foot of temerity beyssaad hiif proper bounds. " Where thy race and lineage endeth,' is ** known to all men. -f- I( is therefore^^ worthy of thy ** condition, that thou advance not forward the foot of ** prefutnpfion, and that thou throw not thyfelf into the ** abyfs of affliftion and , calamity j and that thou open ** aot the door of diicord and d&fotation oh ^thy andie&sstt ** the inftigatioiH of the evil>minded, who have fie^ unto " thee for their own ends, and have awakened the ffeep- *«■ ihg deftrucftibn ; but that thoii fered bottrid ornfo me ** Kurrau Eufoof, the Totukumaun : otherwife,* th^ ** which is concealed by the curtain of fate, after our ** armies meet, will be known unto thee." Wh e k Ihad fetit dife lettiir to^^tsfife- % the hands of experienced ambaffadors, I found my advan- t Alludbg to thedefcen^ of Bajazet, w&ich.was Aippofed to have been from a Toorkiunaun failor. T 2 tagfe 148 DESIGNS AND ENTERPRISES (•Ju*m; 4^X255' o^^^ f «^ oby* ^-r^^ L^^T*^, °b J'j f«JuJl Jj^a js:***^ I; f»li. Jjj (^j:^ a£=3 «A_jjjIj f^«MjI vU^ L' VUt* ^ CjJJ^ O^ L3^^^'j Aa^ja (Xii^J^s AAJlMila - ^--' » "-f >Aa>m; f^'f^ f*'*'^' Y^^ »tJ^* fUJl J«^Jj /j MJ^J 4=s:"*^ (J"** f^j^ QjilXA^jj ("J^^ Owi^* (^tJou AJ J^-ilflj-e ol^ Jl *^jM j*Ud JwmU *y*'a-» tija* ^-^^^.j^ ' OP T r M O U R. ai;: L i4t tage in this, that I ihould go toward the chief city pf Book I. Shaum. And I fet out by the way of Hums and Hullub. """"^ And when I came to Hullub, I heard that Mullik Furruj, the fon of Mullik Burkook, on hearing the news of my coming from Miffur, had gone to Dummifhk. f And I marched with fpeed, that I might not permit the forces of Miffur and the armies of Shaum to join themfelves together : but Mullik Furruj was quicker than -J, and got to Dummifhk. And I arrived af- ter him-at Dummifhk, and reduced that city. "" The design which I formied for fub- dplng the cities of Room, and for defeating the armies v of Keefur, was this. When I had conquered the cities of Shaum, and Mullik Furruj (the king bf Miffur and Shaum) had fled irom my battle ; my ambaf^dor re- turned from Room, and brought the defiance of Yeldur- rum Bauezzeed, J and fet forth — that when the news of the defeat of the armies of Miflur and of Shaumi came to Keefur, that he ^was amazed and confounded, and pre- pared for war. Having conquered Dummifhk and the cities of Shaum, I went towards Bughdaud by the way of Mooful. Arid I refolved that I would turn toward Az- zurbauejaun, that if Keefur fhould perJGfl in'his-intejir lions, it might be known. ! t Damafcut. t Bajazet. And a^6 D E S I G N S A 6)d1 'EUSTT ERP RISES , „_ Jl f^.J>xj fJ^ii' .!Jlj;' j.^' 4^'l=s# ^jj^j '^'-^^ T; cJiXA2»j JwolsrM L^IJLjss' j\^=>^ i>JJ.S=> o^ls:** ^vAxJLjj J I Joy Aj [)Jj^J fJjTjlxXjij f^Jj^i' Ci*A2».fyi jjj Jv ■ A. .SiJ oU jcXj O^I — 2sr» v£) tXe A^rajf JF Je»^ U^yj o'*^^***** ^pr^?- ^ C'ifiy^ j^b C"^^ ^^ J^ ■.IK,-- r And wheml fet out joward/TublpuraEe,- 1 Book I. fent, down certain of the princes, with a mighty armj/ ' ""^ upon ^ugKdaiad;' ^^- Afid'-SobUauii Ahrttud'JuJUurr had teitjoa&of his feryants, whofe name was Furrafch* wkh numeraus forces, and the neceflaries.and the implepients of defehce, "to guard the city "and the caftle of Bugb* djwd.- -'.-. '*■'-■" ;^-'v---'.. ■''' - '""' ^L fiiND th^ E^y^pes arrijred a,!; Bughdaud, and they furrounded the city ; and the people in the city op- pofed tKem : and tfeey-tnforni'cd me'th&i'eof. ^ X' • V - A NIX F'fbund it was good that I myfelf fliould go and reduce the city apd; the_ caftle of Bughdaud* And I turned back by the Way of" TulBbuFazfe, ahd I marchfed with fpeed, aitd came^o-Sughdaud. C'' ^d 1 ,, beifieg^d 'Bughdaud; aqd tvhu^Jher.piBge^jkad cinsshiu^d for two months an^ fbme days^ the ca2|le ^pd, the city, of Bughdaud were conquered and Aibdued. V And" Fufrukh, the governor, was drowned in the waters ;of the Tigd&O And I littered i^qyta^n^^ daud, and. I commaadec^ that they.fhou^dilay the fedi^iqus inhabitants of that city j and that they fhoutd thfov* dowti the caftle and the buitd^s'-tkete^ 'alhd m,^ |shem.leTei,.witht)i^^artli).^', . /^ .:! !. .^-5,, li u.l, }. > . 'AND'iidm Bfe^hdaudl iarMf' tfe^ 'rt% ef^y intdntioh . taw^d. iU^Urba«M^ub«^/4Iid=^oJQisnes4 jin tliat kingdom for/ome jjime... , „ , . . ,.»lv/.,_ ij. • V.-'Ll v^-aCj*! 152 DESIGNS AND ENTERPRISES ^J«5i AJl^^ ^^jAflAJ) fj; fjXj *^ f**^* (J^' ^!^> '^ J' J^-^J ' ■ f: ^ij»»i Jl qm£s ^ij* iXa ji^ /^i5 r*-^ '^^J^ jjta^j y^Ja^ aJU» Citid U%Jj|J Jvxj^' CXJtijjr j^A^bc? OF T I M O U R, 153 And when it reached my ears that Keefur Book I. had fent down armies on fluUub and on Hums, and on Deaur-a-bukkur j and that Kurrau Eufoof, the Toorku- maun (who had fled from before me and fought protec- .tion with Keefur) was employed in affaulting and raoleft- ing the Kauruvvaun which went to the facred cities; (and at this time people came and demanded prote^ion-from his cruelty and oppreflion) it became my duty that I ihould chafliife Xurrau Eufoof, and awaken Keefur from the ileep. of forgetfulnefs. And in this matter I found it was good, that I Ihould call out the forces of every city and of every tribe, and colle£l them together and go down upon Kee- fur. And when my forces were coUeded together, in the month of Rujjub, in the year of the Hijreh 804, I -^P"^* fet out from Azzurbauejaun to wage war with Keefur. And I fent an army before me to ravage the kingdom of Room j and I fent another army to exa- mine the ftages, and the water, and the forage j and I went by the .way of Angooreah. And Keefur with four hundred thoufand men, horfe-men and foot-men, advan- ced with fpeed to oppofe and to expel me. And I affaulted him and obtained the vidlory s and my foldiers feized upon Keefur, and brought him into my prefence. And after a war of feven years, I returned victorious and triumphant to Summurkund, U X300K THE DECOND. f H E I N S T I T,U t E; S 6 F C »s6 3 JJ-,.^ oL£=y_^ ^(^ dwLJLi^ ,a A ^- .: ■ , y ;! o o a I^S (^B tr^ ffP JB ^S iT™ c^ju*^ A^ fjij ^j gj-J^ ^y^ *^^ C^J;*J t:^«Lycj ^^\jj oIJujUj l^XLj^j l^ij-^j [ isr ] t. ►**.*. J BoQK THE Second., THE INSTITUTES OF TIMOUR. BE it known ta my fortunate fons; the eonquerors of Bbokllr kingdoms j to my mighty deiEcendants, the lords of ^"^^*^' the earth i that iince I have hope in Almighty God that many of my children, defendants, and pofiierity, ihall fit upon the throne of power and regal autl^ority ; upon this account, having eftablifhed laws and regulations for the well-governing of my dominfons, I have colle^ed to-« gethef thofe regulations and laws as a model for others : to the end, that every one of my children, defcendants,. and pofterity, acting agreeably thereto, my power and empire^ which I acquired through hard{hips, and difficul- ties, and perils, and bloodfhed, (by the divine 'Favour, and by the influence of the holy religion of Majiummud^ (God's peace be upon him.) and with the afliftance of the powerful defcendants and illuflrious followers of diat pro- phet) may be by them preferved. AnD' j^8 INST I-T:U T E S ^^ j\ A-^ j^^UJaUj O.JjJ U JvJ;Ui J^l ^J^i^ j^b ^^^I Jljjj (J-^J' *^y o^-^ oJJflXi^ ^[jvJj j:i.U J^ ^Ixii:. A^^l ocijij J AJ i;^ UCXoj C^;^^ C^S=aX^ ^1 oJjIjJ ^^.^J ("-^^-^-^ j*Jl*i O^xyj Lj^J l;J^ e^Ay^ OJ;jIj. f*^^ (^jlJ OOloXw* OL-}^t3j «>^.'.v.^ ^j-^^ A^j -s^i^iVr^ r^'O ^'jv' Lyb jj l/g^AL.^ vX_^_s:^ |»J«»^" |*X*il (^jO <-^j^' *'—»• p.; t The maxims here mentioned are not the twelve following rules, but thofe given at length in the i8th, 19th, and 20th pages of the MS. otF T I M O IT R. 159 And let them make thefe regulations the Book II. rule of their condudl in the affairs of their empire, that the fortune, and the power, which (hall defcend from me to them, may be fafe fronx difcord and diflblution* , , Now therefore be it known to my fons, the fortunate and the illuftrious, to my defcendants, the mighty fubduers of kingdoms j that, in like manner as I by twelve maxims, -f- which I eftablifhcd as the rules of my conduft, attained to regal dignity j and with the af- fiftance of thefe maxims conquered and governed king- doms, and decorated and adorned the, throne of my em- pire i let them alfo adl according to thefe, i-egulations, and pireferve the fplendor of mine and their dominions. And among the rules which I eflablifhed for the fupport of my glory, and empire, the First was this — That I promoted the worfhip of Almighty God, and propagated the religion of the facred Mahummud throughout the world; and at all times, and in all places* fupported the true faith. Secondly, with the people of the tw?lv^ clafles and tribes I conquered and governed kingdoms ; and witli them I'iireiiglhbned the pillars of my fortune^ and ffpm.them.I formed my ajQembly. J . , .|'The twelve cfaffes^ of men, here aUaded to, arefufty deifcribedin a fubf^queht part of the ihftitutes. • , 1 • Thirdly* ,6d I N S T I T U T E S ol^jJOj yiU^^j "^jj-^. ^^ Cji^, ti^ j^^**^ ij\.^saLi>j JuwJua. t^i-e^ is^iy^'j fp^J J^^j oj^^j !;'ArJ b'^j-^ ci»AkLN ^^^-^'j f^^ - • ^jj\ i^jj jjj ^^Ui JOStSi^-::^ JJ^h Jr^. b O^J jt 1;JUjJj fjJj JO'CS^^ ^y'UJbt.!^ I^Jj Jtij CJici IjU*j1 (^y^lSs ^_yl>*»r c^^=5?^ J!.5j!iXJ A»^J o'^.' t The word which 1 h^e rendered polity, cannot be tranflated into the Eng^Ubilanguag^-witb any degree of force or energy. It fignifies ^fUtual inditetiiitta o^h o1> T I MiO U R.i i;6jt » ^-^L .\ .^J^f^^^^^'^r^y confultation, and jdclibera- Book II. tjon, and provident meafares ; by caution, and by vi- gilance T vanquiflied armies, and I reduced kingdoms to ii^;jr authority. Anc|, I carried on tiae bufmefs of my em- pire by pomjplying with times and ocpafions, and by ge-'^ rierofity, and by patience, and by policy ; -f- and I adted with -QourteQjjfnefs towards, my friends and towards my enernjies. Fourthly, by order and by difciplinc I regulated the concerns or my government ; and by dif- cipline and by order I fo firmly eftabliftied my authority, that the Ameers, and the Vizzeers, and the foldiers, and the fubjefts, could not a^ire beyond their refpedive de- grees; and every one of« -them was the keeper of his own Ration. .,, ^ , .; , ,^ , . Fifthly, I. gav^ encouragement to my Ameers and to nay foldiers, and with money and with jewelis I made them glad of heart -, and I permitted them to come, into the .l?anquet j and in the field of blood they hazarded their lives. And I withheld not from them my gold nor my filver. And I educated and trained them to arms j and to alleviate their fufFerings, I myfelf fhared in . their labours, and in their hardfhips j until, with the arm of fortitude and refolution, and with the unanimity of my imtttntion or negligenct', or pretending not to fee or difcover fucb things as it would be improper, or impolitical, to take notice of. ^ X chiefs, ¥62 INSTITUTES oM^J jLj ^^'jSTJ ^^'-^ o!^^;;4; f=?=*l5 Vjt ^})\yi^j -jts:** Oii^Ja tfJC^ CUjiiJj ^jUalji*^ ^ytjL^^ J!> f"-^^*^ f^ Oe».[; J^ y O'^y^J^ Ci * . ^f i g l^JOj cJUiS.S» lgXi3=r«j cjj Uys t^^SsJU bJJtjty f^J 0^^^ Ls^JJ^^^ aUSs j^j ^IJ ^1; Jp.J^f ft ^ T I M O U. R. 1^3 chiefs* and my genierals, and my warriors, by t|i9 edge Book ir. of the fword I obtained pofleflion of the thrones of feven and twenty kings; and becatixe the king and the riikr of the Mrigddms of EraUaabd of Xooraan; and of Room, and of Mughrib, and. of Shaum ; and of MiiTur, and of Eraiik-a-Arrub, and of Ajjum ; andof Mauzinduraun, and of Kylaunaut; and of Shurvaunaut, andprAa^flrbatrgaunj aiidof Fauris> andof^Khorau^auji; and of the Dufht qf - Jitteh, and the Dufht of Kipchauk ; and of Khauruzm, and of Khuttun, and tsf KaubbolrtVaim ; and of Hindo- ftauli, -ind 6f Baukbtur Zemeen. And when I cloathed myfelf in the robe of emi»re, I fliirt tojr ^yds *o kfety, and to the repoie which is fpunjion the bed ofifeafei And from thp twelfth year of my age I travelled over countries, and combated" difficulties, and fofilaed ©nterprifes, and vanqiiiflied ar- inies; &nd experienced muikiies aaioogil my olBieers and my foldiers,. and was familiarized to . the language of 4if- obediencfrj (and I oppofed them With pdicy and with T^ti^de) and I hazarded my perfon in the hour of dan-< ger J until in the end I vanquiflied kingdoms and empires, and eftabliflied the j;lory of ,_my fflame: ' ' "^SficTHtV, 't>y jufticeattd equity I galfteA ^ sStdA -"^ '-j;--'V ^.. - -^ . -.y .. ,-.'i ■ , ji - i ,.' •• ,. ■ f'ti^ CT^Xkki ^VjU*jL» f^^jXjj ^•'Jsamj.^s* (^U»uj . X, s " // tj'T. '\ -<,■ ' , ' ■';-/: :' ,(■]■) J nr;-) ;-«3':3i' o'.'o 6 p: rrriTM jDau^.K. ^65 llgjSed ,tl^ (entente j«h^ch try-th . required : zn^^ J>ej Book II. nevolence I gained a place in the hearts of men i. ajid by rewards rad'^ru^rOimeKtS'I kept both 'my WofepsSirmm^ fubjefts '^ivided between ihxspe ar^feax.. » Ai^;I compsifj fionated the -.lower ranks of my people,, and thofe who were diftrefled. And I gave gifts tb the foldters. / ^y*iJr^ ,' 'ikS-'AjJD -jCdeHvered the ^pcdfl^^'fr^^iy! li^adof thejoppreffor- > an4 ^ftecppofofi the^oopr^gli- whether on the property or the perfon, the decifion wiiich I paffed^dtweeh-them'wa^greCTtil^ t-o'the iaci-ed law. And I did not caufe any one perfon to fuiFer for the guilt of another, f *-'-j \^-^^ -..^'L\g-1 tV^\ =--^\^ v^ Th-q s e who had dojje me4nuiries, who bad attackednfny perfon in battle, "and had counteradfed toy^fehiep^is- akd• ... ■' ' ~« .'■•■*■.! I* S E VE N T iit.Y,^ I felecied ^ut, and treatea 'witliieftceai %n4 vea^ratiori, th^c^rilty 'bfUi^I^pfegj, .and jhe Theologians, and i the 'Teachers q£-the tme Faith, arid the PMIofo^hers, and the Hiffbrians. And I loved ■■^i'J, 'I'C*'' * '' ■*^'<-'^ S ■-^■•*'-'^- hde fam^«$A^c(t;^io^i^^P^^ai!d^ (£^rft^fi»^i£)(ie fame puniihment with the guilty fubje^. ■, >f!?r>iifi lo i66 INS TIT UT E 8 ' ^jA»ly*JI (^li*Mt- iX^byulo (j*/lju1 Jlj fij^i^ 0\^ ^jj?J<^ Jja. C^ J^i fj^, ji^s (jl^ 'fJ^ L<*.C)^ . . ^SisA vXa^Xj OmseW (♦^ M (^bti' j^^uXa^ flij' /[•Jl_XL*} •I, otj; ^ysL. jtjsij jti^ij'^/%-;LXju,;|i4^^ ■ . '"^ '^ ■"; ' ''•■ ,/ '" '^^i ■— ''''^■' „ ■■■' '• • o fs t J mi cr viir: ^ men of courage and valour j for Oqd; Al«»iSbty iowth the Bookir. brave^ And \ aCpciated with gopd and learned ujeni and I gained their aff^ions, and I entreated their^fup- por^ and 1 iwghtipcbcfeJCiOn^'jtK^JiQly Prayers. And I loved theDervifhes^ and the poor j and I oppreffed them BOt, neither did I exclude them from my favour. Aivd. Fpermitted not ^1^ evil and the malevolent ^fo enter iiite aoy couLBcU V and I ac^sd-^tjbj^ thejr 'ad^iee : ^dl i liilened not to theif infinuationg to thepreju4ice.of othe;-s, - .r 1* ^-^ -' - V :v ■ » - Er^ttTHL Y, I ii<3ted: vs^ith xe^lcrtion j ""an^ ©a W>^e?, Wndert^ng I j^^\^§^ I ji0^^^th4t linker- taking the oiJy pBjedl of my attention : and I withdrevv not my hand from that enterprife, until I had, brought it to a concluifion^ ;^ Aj!*LjI|a#ieda«gq©iJl5grfte^iwhich I ^id. And I^ dealt not with feveri:ty towards Miy one, and i was not oppreflive in any of my adfebnS-; that God Al- mighty mi^t not deal iei^erely tow^ds OM^ npr reodgr my own actions opprefEve unto me« -. .^* > And I enquired of learned n^en into the law$ and regulations of antient princes,, frani die dia^of Adam to thofe of tibe prophet^ ^n^i^xxi shi dl|^&.iGif th& Prophet down to,thi» ,timei ,. And I weighed t^eir inf^^ tutions, and their aAions, and thek opinions^ one by^ one. And If-em their appco>veid manners, .aend t^tr .good 'qu«tli«* ties,, I fele(^d models. And I enquired into the caufes- of the fubverfion of their power», and I ihunned thofe j6B tNiS T/ IivT U T E S 4^r jl Jji (^Jjj '3Ux;7ji JLJ L-.:j.j^ ^^'tjf 3>^ .-. fi- " ' . :' , - ; . . , ■ . , -. . - . . . , • c^Ui^i <^^f**}^ y^'^^L? ^__gJi^r A^ . ,/>' .'>>iUi /j sij J^'ijUSJj- pi^^l^j ^■='^*^^i=J y^_^ ■ ^J^^j /J^ OF ' T I M O U R. li T Dfi^ addons which tend to the deftroftion and pvcrthrow of Book II. regal authority. And from cruelty and from oppreffion, * which are the deftroyers of pofterity, and the bringers 6t famine and of plagues, I fo^nd it was good to abflain^ Ninthly, the fituation of my people was known unto me. And thofe' wfeo were great among them, I confidered as my bDe|hren ; J^nd J regarded therpoor as my children. And 1 made myfelf acq^uainted with the tem- pers and the difpofitionsr of the people of evciry country and of e^tery! city. , Andv I/c(^tFi)ited i^titmcte^ W^th the citizens, and the chiefs, and the nobles ; and I appointed over them governors adapted to their manners, arid their difpofitionsi and their .wij(hes. /' Aw^p^Ik-n^w the oircumftances of the in- habitants of every- province. And in every kingdom I appointed writers of intelHgence, men of ti'uth and inte- grity, that they might fefid me » iiifori:|ia;tion of the con- dudt, and the behaviour, and the anions, and the man- ners, of the troops sad of l3ie inhabitants, and of every occurrence that might come to pafe amongft them. And if I difcovered ought contrary to their information, I in- ffifted puftifliment on the intelligencer j and every cir- cumftancie of cruflty and ofrpreflion in the governors-, and in the troops, and in the inhabitants, which reached my car, I chaftifed agreeably to juftice and equity. Y Tenthly, lyo The INSTITUTES ji^}.. jj<.iy lyi.'ivJ j-jIj^j! i*^ij (^_^ij^=» [; (jU^i (jlJuj ("Jj^^ (^.^ o'^h' 0'-^=^' 'Vj f'^-r' LT'JSy . •- ' , .... C^T^ o^**^ c^^-N* ^ N^'-^J u^/'j r^^vj 0*^=^^ ^jJr* '^^Lj r^y^ (>>'/ [yj [*J^— A— iw>— zsr! CjO o E IT r M b UIR. -171 TENTHLY,-whatever,tribe,' and whatever Bookll. hord, whether Toork or Taucheek, or Arrub or Aijum, came in unto me, I received their chiefs with diftindion and refpedt, and their -foll6v(^ers I honoured accdrdirig! to their degrees and their ftations. And to the good among them I did good, and" the evil I delivered over to th«ir evil adlions. ' . v i^ND whoever attached hiinfelf unto me, I forgot not the merit of his attachment, and I adted to- wards him with kindnefs and generofity : and whoever had ifendered nie fervices* I !repkid the value of iHofe fer- vices unto him. And whoever had been my eiiemy, and was afhtmed thereof, and flying to me for protedtion, humbled himfelf before me, I forgot his enmity ; and I purchafed him with liberality and, kindnefs. , . In fuch manner 5hare,Behraiyn, the chief of a tribe, was along with me." And he left me in the hour of adion, and he united with tlje enemy, atfd he drew forth his fvvord againfl me. And at length my fait, which he had eaten, feized upon him; and he again fled to me for refuge, and huhiblfed himfelf before -me.' As he was a man of illuflrious defcenf, and of brivery^ and pf experienpe, I covered my eyes, frpm hi? eyjladtions ; and F magnified him, arid'- 1 'exalted "'him to a fuperiiOr rank; and 1 pardpned his difloyalt/ in confidferation of his valour. tjt INSTITUTES ^/^J rr= OJ^ C'^^ ^-^^ ^J^ "^-^"^ c:^ft-U^ C^^JU fJj l> C'iUamJ^ wXai&^Sss jA^j,^^ Jy^^ C5V^^^ bj=^ JL^Ij ciwjO J^A*^ ^;J5 ^J^ OUXc^ ^1; «^:a» t Timour appears to allude to thofe ptirfons whom he knew in the days of his obfcurity. o F T I M O U.R. 173 Eleventhly, my children, and my re- Bookll. lations, and my aflbdates, and my neighbours, and fuch as had been conncdled with nle, -j- all thefe I (iiftinguiflied iii the days of my fortune and proJ^erity, and I paid unto them their due. And with refpeft to my family, I rent not afunder the bands of confanguinity and mercy } and I ilTued not conitnands to flay them, or to bind them •with chains. J A N D 1 dealt with every man, whatever the jtidgment I had formed of him, accordihg to my own Opinion of his Worth. As I had feen much of projfperity and adverfity, and had acquired knowledge and experience, i conducted myfelf with caution, and with poKcy, to- wards my friends and towards my enemies. TwELF^HLY, foldiers, whether afTociates or adverfaries, I held in efteem i thofe who fell their per- , raanent happinefs to perifhable honour, and jthrdw them- felves into the field of flaughter and battle, and hazard their lives in the hour of danger. And the man, who drew his fw4rd on the fide of my enemy, aad committed hoftilities againft me, and preferved his fidelity to his mafter, him I greatly honoured i and when fuch, a man came unto me^. Know- ing his worth, I claffed him with my faithful affociates ; and I refpedted and valued his fid^ity and his attachmeiit. % This obfervation is ftriajy confiftent with hi?, condua : for though feveral of Tils relations, and fbtfle of ti^s children, «difl'erfenttiriR$.l:e We* againft him, h« ever fubftituted pardon in the place of funijhmtnu -174 I N S T I TUT E S C5b CP" ^C^r^ ^J^ O^^y y}\JO^ (J^jJJ> ^1|4A*nI ^^-^T-^j 'JM^^ V-\jI*jL»J j»jIj (^^Ij <_S^"*^ *V *^= A__> l;J^_£s» OvAloXwj Cy^lo Sr-*^ ij^^ ♦X«f ' o- F T r M O U R. 17^ And the foldier, who forgot his duty and Book II. his honour, and in the hour of adtion turned his face from his mafter, and came in unto me^ Iconfidered as the moft deteftable of men. And in the war.with Touktummifli Khaun, his Ameers forgot their duty to Touktummifh^ who was their mafter and my foe, and fent propofals and wrote lettejs unto me. And I uttered execrations upon them ; becaufe unmindful of that which they owed to their lord, they had thrown alide their honour and their 4uty, and come in unto me. I faid unto myfelf, What fidelity have they obferved to their liege lord ? What fidelity wilL they ihew unto me ? , , 1 . ■■-- ^ ■ ■' \~ ^.j ^h- - 3,_ ■ And,: behold, it was known unto me by cxperienee, that every empire, which is not eftabliflied in morality and religion, nor ftrengthened by regulations and laws, from that empire all order,- grandeur and power fhall pafs away. And that empire maybe likened unto a naked man, who, when expo£ed to view, commandeth. the eye of modefty to be covered i. and it is like unto a^ houfe, which hath neither roof, nor gates, nor defences j, into which, whoever willethj may enter unmoleflied. • Therefore, I eftablifhed the foundation of my empire on the morality and- the religion of Iflaum; and by regulations, and laws Igave it ftability. -And bys laws and by regulations, I executed every bufinefs and ever^ J76 INSTITUTES f»Xwl tyjti Jl^ 'jl*a^\j jUaSljj ^JJL^ j^)j. Jj^j aaAc *^ ("^j^ u^ Lrii^« v:^'.^ (i}jJ ^^ j^ C,)UI JJ^I 0;lJ^ l;^0s3 C^j oIjU ;1 ^g^. t The man appointed to fill the fiation mentioned in the original, is called &tdr% He is a perfon of great authority in the empire} who has the abfolute o T rf J M O p f^ 177 every tranfaftion that came before me in the courfe of Book II. my government. ' ~ *— v— » AiND the firfi: ri^ylation which my hfsarjt diftated unto me, was the promulgation of the true faith, and the fupport of the facred tenets of IVfahummud (God's peace be upon him). And I encouraged the progrefs of the holy laws and the rejigiqn of Iflaum through all the cities, and the provinces, and the kingdoms of the ^arth; and I adorned my empire by the facred laws. Thus I regulated the promulgation of the true faith. I appointed a man of holinefs, -f- and of illuf- trious dignity, to watch over the condu<3; of the faithful, that he might regulate, tl^e i^^joner; pf the times, and appoint fuper^rs in holy office^ ; and eflablifh in every city and in every town a judge of penetration, and a dodlor learned in th^' facred law, and a fupervifer of the mar- I^ISi, 9,f the \y^ig))ts an4 of jthe meafures : and that he might ordain penfibns and falaries for the defcendants of the prophet, and for fuperior ecclefiaflics, and for holy men, and for men of knowledge. Ani> I e(|:abliflfed a judge for the artpy and a judge for the fubjeds : and I fent into every province abfolute management of church lands, and what revenues are appropriated towards the matntaimng c^ pt^l^ |chodv ialaiijss to ^ups^ fxi^, and other pious ufes. Z and I7& INSTITUTES C'^/ u^* .C^;€^ j«^ ^^UjXcj LyAcj j,aAju /c^yw. 'JS^'-'^J (-5^'^ cJ^U*-* j^ (•<^l ^j> r^'^ ^b-' ^ ^^j-^ OF I T I MiO U /Ri 179 and kingdom an in{lru£tor in the law, to deter the faithful Book II. from thofe things which are forbidden, and to lead them in the truth. And I commanded that they fhould build places of worfhip and monafteries in every city j and that they fhould eredt ftrudlures for the reception of travellers on the, high roads, and that they fhould make bridges acrofs the rivers. And I appointed eccleiiaftics and religious teachers in every city, to inftrudl the followers of Iflaum iii the abflrufe and fundamental principles of our holy law i and to preach to them the. dodtrines of re^gion, with the holy traditions, and the facred commentaries upon them. And I ordered that. the fliddur -j- and the judge, from time to time, fhould » lay - before me, all the ecclefiaflical affairs of my empire i and I appointed a j,udge in equity, that he might tranfmit unto me all civil matters of litigation,' that ciame tdpafs amongfl my troaps and my fubjefts. When I had regulated all religious con- cerns, and had promoted the progrefs of the fkcrgd tenets throughout the cities •of Iflaum } and when the rumour of the promulgation of the true faith had reached the ears of all ranks of the faithful; the doftofs of our holy faith publifhed a decree -r^iThat as Almighty Gpd in each century had fent a promoter and propagator of the faith^ t Or Stdr: fee note on p. 177. iSb INS TIT U T E S Mtd '..,. '■ , '^ — _»*# ^J Afep &o; (J^y ki^^^w^^ ^^^__^it2k , (^L^ (J^^ oJUy CJjAfla. ViJ^u-S* (^Uj >l (ix^^-a. y* J Jj i3iX^JAl oW« ^^^= tsij'*^^ U'^*^} jjj '■■■ •■■- OF T I M O U'R. I^ Creator hath In each cenljiry infpired and fen t forth a pro- Book II. moter and reftorer of religion, for the advancement of the ^"""''^ faith of his meffenger and friend, and the re-eftablilh- ment of his facred dodtrines j upraife be to the moft high ! that in the beginning of this the eighth century Ameer Sauhiba Kurraun, who hath encouraged andefta- blifhed the holy religion o^Mahummud in-various nations and regions of the earth,, is by the Almighty evidently appointed the reftorer and promoter of the faith of Iflaum. "From all that former TheolpgiaiK.have diicbvered and inferted in their worjcs^ concerning the pro- moters of our holy faith, the following are feleftions. ** In the first century from the Hq^rut Omur.Abdul Azeezjlood forth the fupportcr of t^e:faith. For when the holy religiba of Iflaum was weakened by the revilings of the fchifmatics, who dared' to execrate from their pulpits the moft excellent Aali,. lie aboliih&d that proline pra«aice. , j h *,«., ** And whereas divifions and hatred hsd fprung up amongft the followers of Iflaum, fo- that one^ fadion fulminated curfes on the three orthodox Khalifs^^ whilft their opponents denounced execrations on Aali (the commander of the faithful) on Hooffein and on Ubbaus ^ and at length proceeded to open diffentiojis and,hoftiUties> he put an end to thofe divifions, and by fo doing gave ^ ftretigth to our holy law. ANii iSx INSTITUTES ftlV 1^ '*^^*^W^ C'^A)*» /J2s» y c^i^M AX;>.Ui ^jM*^«j g^vAySE^ ;^,J ^jj^ f^{^ *i4^ ja jJj i;>)j^^l J^j JuiUy Ojl^ «^j Jo p J^ c>-X^ aJjSa V|/^ f-^^ ^^-^j *^^^ ^^^4^H- O'^j' J^ yWj OSa.&>^ jf^m ) (^ (jf^ A_AJlj> jOf^ J^ aX" cWl ^j^j ^jvXJI Js/^ *Uj aaJLc aUI (J^ OP T f M O U R. 1 8^ .'«* And the fijjiporter of i^^Uhh'w tfce SE- Bookir. coND c^NTURy was Maumoon pi P.u(heed. ]for hp abrogated sind annulled fevehty two p6rniciocrs and unor- thodox tenets, and eftablifl^d , the -t^ue rites' afld cere- monies on the faith of the Sunna, and on the facr^d tra- ditions. And he called Aali, the fon of Moofi Jaufir (on whom be the bleffihg of God) froqi Khoraufaun ; and appointed him fucceflbr to tthjc J-astpaHjEajjit, a^d with J|^is confent took poffeffion of the government, ** And in the fjixRo century Mocktaudir Billau Ubbaufi was the promoter of the faith. For when the fedl of the Kuraumatefa,. headed by &^ji Tauhir, feized the holy city of JVIecca, and martyred^q^ooo^r ^rims on mount AurufFaut ; when that impious chief caufed the Black Stone to be? torn from the corner of the facred Caaba, defolated the. ci|tips Qf IGj^s^fxy^ and pl>iji- ^ered ^nd flaughtered the inhabitants ()?y which a mighty blow was given to our holy reKgioii) Modctaadir Billau drew forth his Armies -^gaii^Akstt-a^sactyiomid f^.i^-a^jd extirpated them from the face^ of the ,earth : 4nd fthns fupported and defended the laws and the faith of Iflaum. "And in the fourth century Azzud u Po\vla Delumi was th« fupportfir of the religion of Mahummud, on whom be God's- poaee and bldTing. ^or }UheR,;Qji A a ' accb.upt i86 INSTITUTES. /^Uc aXJI y^y ?j^ -JJ^J (3**** Ai3>*'|^-J oj-^ J*_J AasLi 5-4^ '--'^^^€*^J t3**** t[y^ f^^\ JvXj jJj \:>4X*t Jv^ (Jj aDU * oJ*yJ jy?-j f^j Ci^li* j£»-« Uj OvsJsj ^tSj Aii^ ^'** ^■^^•^j^j <:h!0 ^jj/« (*=?=^- «Aj'-« J*** j*^j ii^ a4-j C^i*)l oljij.^=tLe (^LkLw (^1 ,— csr^*** (jUoLj OiA^kX^ /*-»^ <,p!iij (Xj «-^Jw^ ^WckLw ^^__^A3l/fl Ij (•-Xwgl cNi^ OF T I M U R. 187 account of the wickednefs and corruption of Muttei la- Book II. umudlla Ubbaufi, and the opprefTions and perfecutions exercifed by his Servants and dependants, our holy religion was negle<5ted, and corruption and impiety became not^-». rious in the cities of Iflaum ; Azzud u Dowla depofed, him from the Kbillaufut, placed his foh Taulaa Billau on the vacant throne, and by his exertions re-eflablifhed the true faith. ''. ' .;-"/- -r^- And Azzud u Dowla abolKhed innovations and things unlawful, flopped the current of injuftice and , oppreflion, and thus fupported the holy laws 'of Ma- hummud. And Sooltaun Sunjur, the fon of Sooltaun Mullik Shaah, and the contemporary and difciple of Sheikh Ahmud Jaumi and Hukkeem Sunai", was the promoter of the faith and the laws in the fifth century. For he extirpated the heretics who in thoft days had weakened the faith of Iflaum j and paid fuch pious obedience to thd h6ly dodtrines of Mahummud (God's peace be upon him) that in the period of his life he was not guilty of one aaioa prohibited by the facred laws. In the sixth century the fuppprterof the faith was Ghaluzaun KKaun the fon of Arghoon Khaun, the fon of Hullaukoo Khaun. For when, the holy re- ligion was almoft annihilated by the conquefts of the in- fidels of Toorkiftaun, Ghauzaun Khaun with one hun- A a 2 dred i88' . I N S T I T U T E S , aX)! Jj,*y Jvs^j ^dJI :^l aJI ^ A^ {^lj)j AJJai, c\>X}\y>sL lAysr' ^jUaXwjj c--Jil« a-> c:i^J*ll ^^Li. (^jj^l *^^V*y C^ %^k>**j^. Q*^a^ \::aamjm.j C^laAvjg Ci-vas^ ^j J(v J J a£=s oJvii, .^i^ A-y^vJ C^>-^v=sr« ^o A% o F T I M Q U R. 189 dred thoufand Toorks (fuch vs^as the wiU of the Almigl?- Book II. ty) were at one time converte.d ,to the Mahummndan faith ' ' ' by Sheikh Ibraheetn Hummuee in the plain of Laur j and joined in the facred exdamation, ^-^ OwmI JUJU ^jJjJ vJuJuX^ OJ^ *^^ '•i^r* j^' (jiiaAN* fiXj ASCmj tXJuIji— sc? CitAj J.^1 (-1^ A^la:s» ^i^ «A>0 ^ytcJJ ^JuMy c^^ <^j ^:^J'^ ^r^ A^F^'j OF T I M O U R. 19^5 "When this declaration of the Sooltaaiii reach- Book II. ed the ears of the people, thofe of the pofterity of the prophet itemediately granted their coflfent. Ifaving thtis obtained their approbation of his authority, the Soolta^n or.dMned tibat agreeably to this regulation, the Khiutbeh fliould be pronounced from the pulpits in the names of each of the fucceflbrs of the prophet, and that their names alfo ihould be impretTed on the cciAS of the empire. ** The ecclefiadical decree which the theo- logians promulgated on this occalion, and to which they fubfcribed their alTent, is as follows,. " Aljauetoo Sooltaun ** is the fupporter of the faith, and the reftaref of the «* laws." " In this the eighth ceotury Ameek Savhib At KCRRAUN IS THE SUPPORTER OF OUR SACRED RE- LIGION ; iince he hath revived and encouraged obedience to the hoty laws m the different cities and nations of the earth, hath proteded and reverenced the pofterity of the prophet of Gods and with their dSkat and a^^oh^ottf hath affumed dominion over the empire of M^Jiunmiud." Wren the letter of IVIedr Siud S'hufeef came unto me, I offered up ihank* ta Almighty God, and I invoked the holy Mahummud and the defcendants of Mahummud; that I might obtain their gdidattce and. fuppott in promoting our holy faidi and iii eftaMiflitng-, the laws. : , B b 2 AnTJ 196 I N S T I T U T E Sv AAjilJ (_^Ll)l '•^^^J^;^ ^'j;j lh*^ ^>-^'^ c5~A-»>-^' JsJulJuj Li' IjAAJ (•j^jf Is:;' f-Xwl (^lyXcj ujIcSImj fly^'j (»;^^«3^ *^***i; J^b (''^J^=' L5*'*' y^- -5' ,/^ ^■^^J/' ^JJ J'^J a-l^ (•.X*il ^;jOvj [;J^ CaaIoXmj Jsc[j-Jj JjI OF T I M U R. 197 And the Letter itfelf I fent unto my Peer, Book II. who wrote thus on the border of that Letter. " Be it """"'^ *' known to Ameer Sauhiba Kurraun, the promoter of " the faith, the eftabliflicr of the laws (with whom be «* the proteftion of Almighty God) that this is a blefling «* extraordinary, and a mercy inconceiv^le, which the " omnipotent creator hath vouchfafed to thee, the axis of «? empire, in appointing thee the re-eftabliiher of the " faith, and the fupporter of the facred laws. Encreafe •^ thou thenumbcr of thy good aftions, that thy benevo- " lent creator may-ehcreafe his mercies unto thee !'* i When the epifile, bearing the fubfcription of myJPE-EFi, was returned unto ms, I reverenced and re- fp&&ed th^ poftprity of the prophet, and the teachers of the do(Srine of Illaum ; and in enforcing the facred laws I exerted myVclf more thaai before. And I commanded that the fubflance of the letter fhould be inferted in the regifler of my tranfaH"^-' v'^^^*^? J'^;^ -^^'-^ (•J^' (J^L*» «&^^ i^^Lv***^ tjj Ov'Ojjj?! ^yi- \^y^ c j^ O^S" Cj^V ol>=^ ^JjJ '^^^^s' o INSTITUTES oJ^jl *oc!kJ^3;L^(jlJ-^ Coils'*' «— j'^' l;Xiij C^W^J S^ltiUj Ju^l (^J^-^J JCilJ^l^aJ ^^r^j i^=> ow**i ^__5^r AJLi^i$=? ji *«jlj«^* cxiMwii Jvs*. jcs '^XLj^ ob^^-***^i^j o'-*'^^^=j o-^'-v-^j OP T I M O U R. 20I Thirdly, I never gave way to the'thirft Book II. ' revenge, nor did I ever fatiate my refentment on any le. Thofe who had injured me, I delivered over to the ftice of. the Almighty. ' I retained in my fervice warriors of appro- d valour, and foldiers of tried experience. And I ad-' itted to my fociety men of exalted lineage, and the (fterity of the prophet, and theologians, and dodiors irned in the law. And the feditious, and the wicked, d the inglorious I drove far from my prefence. Fourthly, I drew to me the obedience " the people of God by complacency, and by mercy, id by indulgence. And I ever adhered to equity and ftice J and I retired far from cruelty and oppreffion. At this time my Peer wrote unto me, fay- g, " Be it known to Abu'l Munfour Timour (on whom be the bleffing of Almighty God) that the different offices in an earthly empire are fymbols of thofe in the empire of thy creator j in which there are labourers, and agents, and deputies, and chamberlains j and they are all bufied and occupied in their Qwn proper depart- ments, and they feek not to over-leap the bounds allotted them i and they wait in perpetual obedience to th€ will of the Lord. *« Therefore, thoii mufl: be watchful, that thy vizzeers, and thy foldiers, and thy labourers, ■ "f ' and thy fervants, and thy officers, being each of them C c *• reftrided aoa INSTITUTES Jb* OW^b y j»^=a2a. Jaliy^ '^^_^-} «3j — =** A_A_Jj^ OvsisAiKM <)i>.jy« U" ^>li^ (^Li**j| t^cAiy^ jd ^J C^ J^ AXJUa t C^ly Jl A— ::^j* A^ ^^IJm ^^LnI ;jU*jI C:aa3:'* A_A^jJa oJjIjjJ &^ (XmUJ ^ jl-Mgl j^l jj vJKmjU luXck f"J\iwJvj JIuKj (WNil-Ja A^Mjt^r t;(y«^ C ** within the limits of fuhordination and good order. " And thou {hall exalt the facrcd p9ft;erity ** of the proph&t above all athw ranks of thy people ; «* artd thou flialt revere and honour them, and thou fhalt " not confider the greateft inftances of liberality, which ** thy love for thJflm ihall call forth, as the effeds of pro- «« fufion. We cannot be profufe in our offerings to AI- «« iiiighty God. Regulate and 'gdvcm thou 4)hjr :i liecelved ^is ktlter from my Peer, I afted in obedience to all which he had commanded, and I gave order and connexion to the different depart- ments of empire ; and t ^rnarifiewt^d'-aiid' bBaitftifited^ my power by regtila^Qfti ^nd lans^s : «nd I ,naade aay.authd-. rity durable by the TWELvp classes, . ,,, C c 2 Regu- 204 INSTITUTES IsAJf* AJylifl oJjIjvX* [jjj^ OvaJgAj*) JS£|*_3* C^aLoLki I; X^j ^-U^^ L^j Cjf jU. aAjUo JjI tXiij «3^f ^j-« olSsyl — *— J A_j*»_A.,^ ("J I J o\J J^ss* 1; LJ^ U^ J^ *^^^= (''^r^J laLuia^l^ |-^ V'jj!> . f'Jj.^-o tJ.Aol:^ '^j^^^ ''^^ ^-VJ >aj5jIo. 3C'.; ( ap T I M O U R. 205 Regulations. By the twelve classes I Bookll. rendered iirong and permanent the bafis and fuperftrudure of my government ; and I confidered thofe Clafles as the twelve months, and as the twelve figns of the zodiac, pre- dominating over the concerns of my empire. The first class. I granted admif- fion to the defcendants of the prophet^, and to theologians, and to dod:ors learned in the laws, and to holy men. And they reforted at all times to my palace, and they beauti- fied and adorned my imperial affembly by their prefence. And they converfed on focred knowledge,- and on govern- ment, and on wifdora ; and to them I proposed queftions concerning thofe things which were lawful, and thofe which were forbidden., r,.—'-- The second class. Perfons of wif- dom, and deliberation, and vigilance, and circumfpedion, and .aged men endowed with knowledge and forefight, I admitted to my private councils : and J aflbciated with them, and I reaped benefit,, and acquire4 experience from theic converfation^ ' Th;e ;Third class. . I revered devcuitj and pious men ; ahd I implored their prayers in the hour of retirement : and I ftipplicated their bleflingsf on my anions. And in war, and in peace, andJn my co^incijsi.and in 200 1 IN » i 1 I U I £/ a -Nv*'>s5' (C4J J*si. ^JUse*' iJ:^\J o^As*^ ^;;U-jl bj J:,i;.lj JOULj ^.^ LOLc O*^*^ j^ O^^ J"^^ (^ j]j *Ai&l*^ o**wjJ had given repeated proofs of their courage and abiliii^. • • • • Andlpropofed qu^ftions to them fet^fleraiirtg; the jrt' of war, and the yaripus v[\9i^& ,pf advancing in the field of battle, and of retreat in fituations of peril, and the me- ao8 INSTITUTES &Mj^ jOj f^Jy^ O^l^—wj ;jL-*5*— j'l. Jl i^jX^j •• • ^ ^''^ C-S^ 2:f L? L5*^ ^"^^ ^j^*^ jt OF T i M O U R. at)^ thods of charging and breaking the lines of the enemy. Book II. and of ikirmilhing, and all ^e other operations of war : and I placed confidence in them j and I confulted their o^- nions in proportion to their Ikill and experience. "^' The fifth class. The foldier and ' the fubjeft I regarded with the fame eye. And the brave and the refolute from amongfl my ^yarriors I diftinguiflied by gifts and by honours. , "* > A N D I treated with dignity and attention the rulers and the chiefs of every province and kingdom; and I conferred rewards upon thlem, and I reaped benefit from their fervices. A^D I kept my trobps in a ftate of r'eadi- nefs, and I advanced to them their wages even before it was due. Thus in mytxpediftoii againft jRoom, I. gave unto my foldiers feven .years wages ; part thereof, due, and the remainder in advance. And fuch was the'difci- pline which I eftabliflied amongft my troops and my fiib- jedls, that the one was never injured or,.opprefled by the other. Ani) my foldiers of every rank I confined in fuch fort to their feveral ftations, that they could not ftep beyond the limits prefcribed to them : and I neither exalted them above, nor dcpreffed them below the reft of my iiihjedts. And thofe of them who fignaliz64 them- felves by eminent fervices, I rewarded with honours and donatio^ns* D d * • And 210 INSTITUTES *^.' b O^Lj ^«^^ AANrfl^r ^jJjsL C'JiiaKt** {j]j Jti ol£aj iajK,^ \yt AiLaU* aJLsL;!.^^ r^UsT*^ Jckl<-\^ C^ (^Un Uv-L*« C^i>T**J t--V--'^" ^ JJ JwLSitcXyc V A A. r 4*0^ OP T I M U R. ill And thofe of my officers ^yhofe rdbtptlon BooicU. and abilities I had weighed and proved in the balance ^"^"^^ of trial, I received into my efpecial favour, and I pro- moted them to the rank of commanders : and, in propor- tion to their condudt, I advanced them to fiiperior ftatioii*. The sixth clAs s. Frota aftiongft the wife and the prudent, who merited truft and confidence, who were worthy of being confulted on the affairs of government, and to whofe care I might fubmit the fecret concerns of my empire, I feleded a certain number, whom I conftituted the repofitories of my fecrets. And my weighty and hidden tranfarf O^.*^ O*^^!^-^ "-^^^i^^i^J J^='J^ ^j^-j^JLjw tjUjtcj ^jLoyuoj 4if^U»^ A*jlb j»*J o^^ J^ oljL-c (JJ^J^^ "^^^f^X ■ .a : >^^ ^Us?! UjA^^ J J A^- rob oi;* V*^.' '^>*' ^j^ |;OCJIv« jW=^' A^:^ (•«^'«^ ^^»*J \jJ-J^J wCXo t;— ii-^j {j^^j Usk Jl a;^; j^.J j*j uO<*^^ A^p -f- The firft, the third^- and this (the tenth) clafs, appear on a filperficial view'to be the fame people, i.er men devoted to the duties of religion^ but^ on a nearer examination J it is.evident that they, were claiTes difiind froni each other. The firft were undoubtedly the heads of the Mahummudan churchy the pofterity of Aali, the dignified prelates, and the eminent doc- tors of the law. The third clafs* appears;to be a fele^ipn .(fisotn the firft) of fuch eminent men as had rendered themfelves celebrated by their fupe- rtor piety and religious attention to the laws. And by thiji (the tenth.) clafs Timo.ur evidently means fuch religious men-, as had retired from the world aoil' d *• *r I IVl 6 -it A. if jr mighty had given wifdom jf and I aflbciated with them j BookIL and I heard from them the word of God j and I acquired ^' '^ knowledge of the bleffirigs of a future ftate. And I faw fhem perform miracles and #oride'rful things; arid I reaped delight and fatisfaftion froiii their converfation. The eleventh class. I hrbught into my palace artificers of every forty and of every deno- mination; and I admitted them into my camp ; that both at home and abroad they might fupply, and keep in readi- nefs, the neceffaries requifite to my foldiers. The twelfth class. To travellers^ and to voyagers, of every country I gave encouragement j that they might communicate unto me th& ihtelligerice and tranfa Is:^! ^j^ oUSsyJsj ^.-sFj ^j-^j O^^lij V-Jy" Ji r*^;^ U^^ ♦^'•^^J^ ru^ysn t.^i •I • 1 Jii^Il -> *XJjlyJ ^jlji^jl (Jl^f '-'^^'-It^. c3i^' -i^^V ^'^''^ Ju_jilj OkcLw^ \S^jX^ vVv'' J' j^^Ij t i. e. Whether Tatars or Pcrfians, Arabs or Syrians. Such are the confined meanings of the words Tauchitk and ^jum ; but they frequently convey a more extenfive idea : for the Tatars ufe th^ word Tauchtek, and the OF T I M Q U R. 217 tun> and from Cheen, and from Maucheen, and from Hin> Book II. doftaun, and from the cities of Arabia, and from MilTur, and from Shaum, and from Room, and from the iilands of the Chriilians } that they might give me information of the fituation, and of the manners, and of the cuftoms of the natives and the inhabitants of thofe regioas; ,and that they might obferve, and communicate Unto me, the con- duct of the princes of every kingdom, and; of ^every coun- try, towards their fubjeflis. , ».;. > Relative to the various tribes, whether Toork or Taucheek, Arrub or Ajjumi-f- who fought ihelter under my government i thefe were the Regulations which I eflablifhed. First, I commanded thai thofe who were o£ the pofterity of the prophet, or theolpgians karned in the laws, fhould be received with reverence and refped ; and that all their wiftjes and defires fhould, ba fulfilled j and that they fhould be fupported in affluence and honour. . '■'.'*■ ' ' ■ ««"- -• ' - - _ , ' ' ■ i;. • wL .And thofe who were foldiers, I ordered to be incorporated with my troops, and entertained accord- ing to their rank and their circumflances. ^ ^ And thofe who were fkilled'iji mechanic arts, I direiSed to be (employed in my fervice. And the flie Arabs the word jfj/um or Jjjumi to diftinguiih any perfon, or people, of a different nation fronii their own. Thus Taucheek and Ajjum anfwer to our word foriigtitr. E e body 2l« INSTITUTES \Xa^J J Li* (N***^ ^■'^J iJl^' , Ai^JsJi^J jj jw*iiD Jl AJuUa .* Jl (Jofll 9-1.3:**' oJ(^ /^g>JiUi*tj .j'it-;. !iw Cj^j Cj^ Q^JJ jOj '%yjijiii*^ Aj Cj^jy 'A— jf j capital to its original ftate ; and that every hufbandman and every peafant, who was not polTefTed of the implements of hulbandry and cul<- tivation, {hould be fupplied th^rewitli ; and. tJJat.thoib', of whatever clafs or r.an|;« yf\i9 chofe ^e p'ogjip^t^.^ of arms, fhould be received into military fervice. ANiP the genuine defcendant of a foldier, refolute and brave, ^f \y^hatever tribe, or hoctj he migbt be, I ordered to be enrolled in the number of my forces," and to be promoted in proportion to- hi» eendat^ ^nd be- haviour. AifD I ordained that no perfon, whatever ^s^ rank, who cntiered my p^aedv ^leuld be ej^cluded. from the table of my impemal bounty. And whoever was brought into my pre- fence, and attracted my notice, I commanded that ho^ nours fhould be conferred upon hinetln. pcopoviion. to his rank j and that every criminal whp came for the firfi time before my tribunal, fhould be pardoned; but, that for the fecend, and the third, crime he fhodki meet with punifhment adequate to his offences. Ec2 Thus 220 IN STITUTEa' (cjfjkJca. J^-'^ CSJiAkLw ^XiuiMt lJ^^lJt . r. . . . . ^*^r^ *^j^ j^ u%!^^^*^=^ j^*V^ *^= '^W Jj"'; b ^J^.'^J »^^*^=!V^ '■Vj^=A-o '^jl?^ ^ ;^ *,e^ •JS!^'^ iXJjy' uJtcj \JZLSi cS^AkLi JJlc ■ ■-. . ;.. uw T '■■ :.i o F.^ TIM OUR. 221 .: . (,' ' Thus I eftajbUflied rules fo^ the fceuijtyqf Bookll. ipy government » , . ^ ^ ^ ' '"^ . ^ I regulated my conHudt^y Twelve CERTAIN Maxims : and Bjr them I feated myfelf firriily :ort the throne, of empire. And from experience it is known unto me, that iBvery prince who adhereth not to thefe Twelve" !Maikns,>-fl»aiJ;r6ap little advahtage .ftom h«-'^loinifii'6& ,*ad regal; jlatioji-, , ,., -iJu. ./ . First. It is necefTary that his words and his aflions beliiB*owh.^ Tbt is'torajrrtKit'--hi'siold1^ and his fiibj/ei^s^xnay know tlja^ what the^king fayeth and doeth,. he fayeih and doeth frqni hinifelf j and tHat no other perfoil hath rnfluence. therein^ - ^ Therefore it is requifite that a king be not fb guided by the condu^jind^the dounfel^/.of o^ers« as to ma^e themjiis affociates in his regal authority.. For dthough he be obliged to hear good advice irom all, yet he riiuft not to-tliat degree,, attend unto them, as to enable them by their meafures and their counfels to become his equals, and in, fhe end bis fupedors, jn the concerns of his government. ■ ■■ - ,' , •'-■^ , *. f Secondly.; It is,ncceffary to a,king that he adhere to juftice in all his adions^ and that he' re- ceive into hi«,feryice ininifters who are juft and virtuous. For if a king be guilty of oppreffion, an upright minifter may countera^ the evil thereof. But if the mim]ftefT)e unjuft saz ENtS T l.T/U'iT EiSt) JtU ^::4A^^' xS^^j i:}^^^=^ y^^ a=?^ = '-^ o'^ ^J h unjuft and cru^i Jt ^aU^(pe^^ly qgpje tcyj)afs,*^tbat the Book II. edifice, of his maflecs's pawer and dominion Ihall be level- led" With tHeearlfi. " * "^'" ^' '"-«-' ■"k.'^'''^^''"-' ' ><^ ^-,^--A->iA=i.| I V^e*.L3 i^r a£=9 J^L» tSjUj C^J t. O^-^asro ^^UoU C^Lyj A-sr**!^ )u.; ./: JyCx^ ^aXx^ U**^='; "^"i^-^ )^^'^rr^ f '^ W^4»*< iwJ^-jti ■ ^ji^ o J^- JjxS^'Jp. /iju ^JJu" 'j* Ij' a/' .- -<•. ' ■•>:■.* OP T I M O IJ Rl 225 So it hath been related unto me, that Sool- Book II. taun Myhnipod, emperor of Ghizni, ordered on a cer- '"■"'~^ tain occafion that a ftone fliould be call down at the entrance of the plain of Ghiznein : and the horfes of the peopk ftarted and fprang back from that ftone. And al- though his fervants folicited his pqrmiffion that they might remove the ftone from the entrance of the road, he refu- fed his afient : he anfwered unto them, * I have iffued * forth the order; and I will not turn back from, or con- • tradid;, my own commands.' Sixthly; (for from hence proceedeth fecurity and power ) he muft not truft the concerns of his government to others, nor deliver over the reins of his aut|iority into the hands of a fervant : for the, world is full of treachery, and hath many, lovers; and it may fbon come to pafs that the powerful fervant (hall afpire to rigal dignity; and feat himfelf on the throne of his mafter. Such was the condudt of the minifters of Sooltaun Muhmood towards their lord. They expelled him from the imperial throne, and they divided his dominions and his poWer amongft themfelves. It is neceffary therefore 'that the powers and fmportant affairs qf government be divided ; and that they be entrufted to the care of divers perfons of approV-fid fidelity, and of known loyalty ; fo that beipg employed.in their own proper departments, no one of them may afpire to the fupreme authority. F f Seventhly. 226 INSTITUTE S otiiij ^-^j ol*,ifc tWAiitj Jvajaj j^2sf^ /gAiiSjs;^ (l3^ JJ> / j^ljj cOjJ Jl^^ c:JuA2» Asr^l* J»>^ J^ olJo J^JJ^ AST*! JtJJ «Xf«Jy^ Q^isOlMy* OP T r M Q^ U.R. 227 Seventhly. On the affairs of his go- Book II. verhment he muft liften to the opinions of his Servants : thofe which are good, he muft lay up in the treafiiry of his'.bcart, aad calLihem forth into a<5lion at their proper feafons. Eighthly. In th/e concerns of dominion, ajjd in thofe things whicli relate to his fubjeds and his foldlers, h? mofl: «ot aft by the affiftance and the advice' of pthers. If his Vizzeers or his Amoax ip^ak^-mito him c(Micerning any one, whether that which they fay be good, or whether it be evil, let him hearken to them j but in fofmiog. his determination thereon let him be cautious and circumfpedt, until the truth be apparent unto him. Ninthly. It is neceflary that the ma- jefly of his dominion be fo impreffed on the hearts of his foldiers and his fubj.efts, that none {hall dare to difohey his orders and commands, or to revolt from their duty and obedience to his royal aothcB-ity. Tenth ly. What the king doeth he muft do from hirafelf ; and he muft adhere to that which he iayeth : for unto a prince there is nothing fo valuable as a juft veneration for his royal word. This -word is iinto him a family of princes, and a rich treafury j it ma- keth to him numerous fubjefts and powerful armies. F f 2 Eleventhly. 228 INSTITUTES *■' «• ■' bX_j|^j^3J .OvaLoLu. ^ji^l^ Ji^=\ A^ J;-J J^ ^j\^J^J "^^^ olSsaf j\^^^ pXf j\p JuJU; oj;^-:' AJ j^jj 'Jviii-ij. Vj^ ^^Uj^ ^_J OJ ^^^ A^= (-Jj^ ^-el Jb^S^* A/'^jUjal jl ^Jjr JOuf AV^ oJ^5=9;l£=3 (J«Uot CjS^ tXJjiSi ^ai. ^l^ ^jjl oJ o_ja.j OF T I M O U iR. 229 Eleventhly. In the affairs of his go- Bookll. vernment, and in the iffuing forth his orders and com- '"'^'"^ mands, he mufl confider himfelf as iingle and alone ; nor muft he a^ciate any one with him in. the adminidration of his authority. Twelfth LY. He muft be acquainted with the manners and the difpoiitions of. his favourites and his confidents. And he muft adt with caution and circumfpedtion : for many are lovers of flander and of ca- lumny, who may carry reports ibroad, and communicate, to the Vizzeers and the Anieers the words and the adtions' of their prince. Thus, it once happened unto me at a time when feveral of thofe whom I admitted to my pri- vate council proved to be the fpies of my Vizzeers and my Omraus. - Regulations for the forming of MY ARMY. I ordained, when ten felcdt foldiers, men of proof, were collefted together,, that one of them, who was diftinguifhed for valour and for bravery, flio.uld, with the advice and the confentof the remaining nine, be appointed commander over them ;. and. that he fliould be called Ounbaufhee : And when ten Ounbaufhee were aflem- bled together, that one of them who was qualified by fervice and abilities, ftiould be appointed their leader i and that he fliould be ftiled Euzbaufliee : : ' , And. I N S T I T U T E S j^\ jw>r- ^.^ lJ^^ iy- ^"^ oj-^j J^'IJ^ vy«l o^ji 1jaJIJj« jtil^ Jouol cJ^I^ o^!; b c^ySj O*^;^ v^ J J^jT-^ ^. .^J-^ "^^"-t^^^J ;jLx.A-jIj ^ ^^b q;I ^Xkj (^b pjl J ^_^b f-^^-y iXlul*w; li*ij tXijlyl .^.j.Xa. j^=U J^b (Ota^. UO^ oj^- ^t^l JV e3*^>^ *^'^ >'^' ^'^ Jwjio oLXJ t OF T I M O U R. 231 And that, when ten Euzbaufliee were col- Book II. lefted together, an officer of exalted lineage, the fon of a chief, of approved knowledge, and valour, and intrepidity, fliould be appointed commander over them j and that he fhould be called Mingbaufhee, and Leader of a thoufand. And I gave power to the OunbauQiees, that if any foldier under their command fhould die, or {hould defert, that they fliould appoint another foldier in his place. In the like manner I ^rdaihcd, that the Euz- baufhee fhould appoint the Ounbaufhee, and the Ming- baufhee the Euzbaufhee j and that they fhould lay before me an account of the perfon who Had died or deferted, and of the appointment of another in his flead. A N D I commanded in the like manner, that, on military fervice and in every concern _that re- lated to governltneht, the authority of the Mingbaufhee fhould be eflablifhed over the Euzbaufhee ; and the au- thority of the Euzbaufhee over the Ounbaufhee j and the audloi^ of the Ounbaufhee over the common foldier j that they fhould chaflife thofe that were difobedient -, and that thofe who in the day of battle were deficient in per- forming their duty, fhould be expelled j and that others fhould be appointed in their place. The establishment ^f the pay dt my forces. I commanded that the fubfiflence of my troops, of the Omraus, and the Mingbaufhees, and the EuzbaufheeSj 232 INSTITUTES ^^^ oUwj yVj o^W oji^j o^^ Jyj P^^ 0*_JL-aoI ^J**^ o'-^^ T"^^ AJ*Xc rt*^— ) t^jijU ^^^-oup w--*>*'^ ji^^ '-'' '•-r^**'' y^ ^^ J' *'^-^*by''€-/ A^-^ oUmJ j\ lXL- J^ A£=. ("Jj^=» f»-^^ (JCU ^J_jJW2;j ^_3^b J^j J^X^ AJjk: ^^iib J^_^ A_i*Xc 1_»^jI jA^I ^jjJ^/i^' Aj (^w^b lJsX«* Cs**'W t This mode of fixing the pay of the foldier is ftill prafticed in Hindo- ftaun. Every, foldier Hods his own horfe, and receives pay in proportion to his value. Sele^ men are ftill taken into fervice with tvro, and fome- times F T I M O tr R. 13.3 Euzbauftiees, and the Ounbaufhees, and the common Book II. foldiers (hould be fixed and deternniined according- to the ^'"''^ ' foUbwing order. 1 ordained that ..the fubfiftence of cadh of* the private foldiers, if he were a fuJHcient and able man, ihould be fixed at the value of his horfe ; f and that the fubfiftence of my feled and chofen warriors fhould be eftimated at th 9 value of from two to. four. horfes each. And I ordered that the fubfiftence of. the Ounbaufhees fhould b6 ten times as much as the fu^afif- tence of the foldiers under them j and that the fubfiftence of the Euzbaufhees fhould be twice a-s much as. that of the Ounbaufhees ; and that the fubfiflence of the Ming- baufhees fhould be three times as much as the fubfiftence of the Euzbaufhees. ' 1 " '" -; l^- - ) And I ordained that the foldier who' neg- ledted his duty, ^ fhould be fined in one tenth of his pay. And I commanded that the Ounbaufhees fhould receive "their fubfiftence ;ui>der the controul of the Euzbaufhees ^ and that the Euzbaufhees fhould receive their fubfiftence under the controul of the Mingbaufheesj'*and that the Mingbaufhees fhould receive their fubfiflence uade^ the controul of the Ameer lil Om'fau. || times three, horfes each; which are mounted by their fervants, and they receive pay in proportion. _. . . • " t The Word thuS tranilated is Mogul, and th6 fehfe doubtful. ' ^ a i.e. The'chief of the Ameers or Nobles. ^^ Gg ' And 234 I N S TI T U T E S.^ . jhI ^jUsarj tXiib oJ^j o^-' O^^ ^^— »^ j^';:* f^w«l ^'y oJ liJjj c_5^ ob:?'^ *b-^ ^^^ f**^J-^ ^V >{/^ >'li* ''Ot Jvi;lJ ^;^),A«** A^Jr^J A^Ji^jy. *j!L|^-,^r^i 0*^:^^ i(^-^d*^^ ^j^ bjjj L^ o!>!^^ t This re^ujali^tt, i^^t^X iipdcr^sa* ''y *s the tranfl^tor. TJij^word* <^J? Ti ^-' o # T 1 M a U R; i^f An© I ecinimand^d that the pay of the Book II. Ameer ul Omrau fhould be ten times as much as the pay of the ofEcef fubordinate liiito him. And, in like maii" ner, I ordained that the ftipends of the Dewaiinbeghi and of the Vizzeers f!iould be ten times as much as the fubfif- tenCe of the Ameers j artd thftt the ftibfiftferite 6f tke YuiTauwullaun, the JuiTauwullaun « and the KuUuck- cheaun fhould be eilablilhed at from, one thoufand to ten 1 thoufand. -j- And I ordained that penfipnSt andfalark^, and fubfi^ence (hould Be conferred on the pofterity of the prophet, and the theologians, and the men of fcience, and the learned in medicine, and On the aftrdbgers, and the hiftorians, in proportion to their different ranks and ftatfons: and that the ibtJfiftec^ 6f tTie fdot-ioltos, and the doifieftic^^ -^nd the FurrauHiaun ^ {hpuld he' fixed at from a hundred to a' thoufand. A N D I erdftined alfo that thd Anieer ul Omrau fhould receive his fubfiftence under the infpeftion of the Dewaunbpghi and the Vizzeers. And I commanded - that the Vizzeers arid the DewaunbegHl fliotrid lay before nAe the ftatement «f the falaries of each of my people, and pay them agreeably thereto.; ^ i ; , i- And I ordained that a' written order for> his fubfiftence fllould- bb deiivei^ to each of my Mdie^s j and that the fums which from time to time were ad van- ' j^jo *jjx» ovj:^j-''tv,u:^ ^j \ji[j^[j uCUj jou^- .' < );■ ■ i il^J^ ^^^J C^ywJ aS=s f» Jj^ j^\j I;LX1)L^j ^^^^J (J-^alik «__^:^ A^s OF T 'I Mt O ^; R. 2*37 . ' CoNCEHmNG T-H.E APPOINTMENT AND BodcII. PAY OF MY TROOPS. "" " — ' — ' V' - - :'-' I commanded that the acdom.ptof twelve nijOnths fubfiftence foi- the infantry, and the Kulluck- •cheaun, and the YuiTauwullaun, and the Juflauwullaun fhould be made out at one timej and -that the mpney^ Vvhich was their due fhould be brought forth into (;he hall of audience, and there delivered unto them. ^ I ordered that the- accompts of the fubfif- tence of my cavalry in general fhould be made out every fix months j and that appointments to the amount of their pay fhould be delivered unta them from the treafury. And I ordained that for the fubfiflence of the Ounbaufliees and the Euzbaufheesf written orders ihould be gtveii on th&'Maulaumauni^ of the cities and the country j and that the interior dilirids fhould be al- - lotted for the payment of the Mingbaufhees ; and that the fkipends of the Ameers and the Ameer ul Omrau fhould be granted on the revenues of the frontier provinces.^ ' ... I / ' And I COMMANDED THAT THE DISTRI- BUTION OF THE PROVINCES, AND THE DISTRICTS, aHOULD BE MADE IN THIS MANNER : ' ^»'''^J - That the amount. of the rjCvenijps of ,the various provinces and kingdoms fhoufd be divided into lots for more or for lefs, and that a royal afTignment for the payment of, each; ofjtbofe lots ffeoul4tibe.ma4^ owt.i and' that thofe aiTignmerits fhould' be bii6^gfift^4iit^'tfefc feH t Impofts, duties, of 238 INS TITUTE S <^^^j ' C/**^ a:^*Ij JjS=9 *X;1jX> Lj^; j^ ^"^^J f^' >''^j^i^=^ + jTtfK^K^^r-is a royd grant of certain Iknasi or more properly an aflign- ttent <^ theerewn'revenues of a cert»n diftri^ to an}rone, and revocablie .OF T I M O U JBL a^ of audiaice; and that the Ameers and the Mingbaiuihees Book 11. fliould each of them take one of thofe aflignments ; and '"'^'^ that if the amount thereof exceedeid the fiim of his iub- filfceneei ibme one elfe ihould participate with him- j and! if it were Iefi» that another Ihould be given in exchange, or added unto it. Ani> I commanded that the Ameers and the MuiKgbauCbfies^ in eolledling tl!t& levenues ffonvthe iub- jefts, fliould not on any account- demand mote than the taxes and: duties eftablifhed. A N D to every province on which a royal alignment was granted, I ordained that two fupervifors fliould be appointed to that province : that one ®f them fljould infpedl the coUcdiions^ and watc^ over the (:oneerifs of the inhabitants, that they might not be impoveriflicd, and that the Jaagheerdkur -f might not iJNufe or oppre:^ diem.; and. that he fliould take an account of all the fums which were coUeded in the province : and-: that the other fuperviibr fliould keep a regifter of the^publit expences, and^diftriiiutc the revenues among the foldiers. And every Ameer who was "appointed to a Jaug^eei^ :^ I ordaifl>ed that few- the^cer of* thted- fcaYSrit Aould remain unto him; an,d that after three years the ftate of the proviiice fliould be infpeded. M the inhabi- t In the original Yeitotli which is Mogul, and has the fame meai^ng mih Jaugbetr. ^■■■\ tants 240 I N S T I TUT E S JLsr^ OSAiiiU (^^[) LjI^m »^W' *-^--^— < j^' '^'•■r' \j^jiA ^^ lu[y^ ^Ij* «5y' O^ Owl Q^Ui aSb . ^;,-y5;(^a^ *^l¥j 0^^;^yj 'M OF T I M O U -H. 2.41 tants were fatisfied, and if the country, was flourifhlng Book H. and populous, that he fhould be continued therein : but if thp cohtrary ftaould appear, that the Jaugheer fhould return unto the crown ; and that for the three following • years, fubfiftence fliould not be granted to the holder thereof- A N D I ordained that the colledlion of the taxes from the fubjed: might, wherinecei&ry, be enfor- ced by menaces and by threats jj but never by whips and by fcourges. The governor Whofe authority is inferior to the power of the fcourge, is unworthy to govern. Concerning the subsistence of my children and descendants. I commanded that my elded fon, the heir to my throne^ who is Mahummud Jehaungheer, fhould receive the fubHflence of twelve thoufand horfemen, and the aflignment of territories fufHcient to defray the fame : And that my fecond fod, who is-Omur Sheikh, fhould receive the fubfiflence of ten thoufand horfeinen, and lands correfpondent thereunto : And that my third fon, who is Meeraun Shaah, fliould receive the fubfiflence of nine thoufand horfemen, and the affignment of a province for the pay- ment of the fame : aA And that my fourth fon, who is Shaah- rokh, fhould receive the fubfiflence of feven thoufand horfemen, and the affignment of a Jaugheer equivalent thereto : H h And 242 ' INS t I T U t E S" J^MjJ Jli^S IbX^ ih.XX« w T I M O U R. ^43 And that my grandfons fliould receive fub- Book II. iiftence and lands for from three to feven thoufand horfe, each according to his capacity aind abilities. To all others -who were related uijtp me,j^ commanded that fubfiftence and appointments fhould be given, from the rank of firft Ameer to the rank of fcventh Ameer, according to the abilitiesi and the dignity, and -the rank of each i and that every one of them fhould reft content with the ftation wherein he was placed, and pre- fume not to exceed the limits prefcribed unto him ; and that if any one of them fhould difobey this order, he fhould be called to a flri<5t account. / „ • Concerning the punishments OF MY children, AND MY GRANDCHILDREN, AND MY -RELATIONS, AND, MY CHIEFS, AND MY MINI-. STERS. 1 ordained, if either of my fons fhould afpire to the imperial throne, that they fhould not pre- fume to put him to death, nor load him with ch^ns ; neither fhould they injure hihx in his limbs,- or h^is organs ; but that they fhould confine him in a prifon, until he returned back from his evil ways : that civil wars and convulfions might not arife in the land of the Lord. And if any one of my grandchildren, or relations, rofe in enmity againft me, I ordered him to be reduced to the flate of a Dervaifh. -f* + i. e. To be deprived of his honours and fortune j to be reduced to a flate of beggary. H h 2 And 244 f N S T I T U *t E S Jl A^=? JW; i*_§!aj C^^l^=s ^l»5*j| Jl .^=!« «A^*l<3j£=s (J^lti JvAjlyj ^^^^J^\J' \^J^\mu jj^\ jd j^=U »^l^. A:^ JsAjI^- AjysP" ijUs^l U:^:'*^ o'^'^ *^J^ OF T I M O U R. 245 And if the Ameers, who are the bulwarks Book II. of empire, fhauld difdbey in the hour of adlibn, I order- ed that they fliquld be degraded from their commands, and deprived of their powers and their dignities j and that if any of them fhquld be guilty of adtions, from whence difturbanccs might arife in my dominions, that they fliould be delivered -over to the judgement of their peers j and that if they were guilty of negledl in the line of their military duty,' they ftiould be claffed amongft the fcribes ;"and, if in that ftation they were difobedient and refci^dtory, that they fhould be expelled from the im- perial fervicc. •; Concerning the ministers, WHa ARE THE most RESPECTABLE AND CONFIDENTIAL OF THE servants OF ROYALTY. ;.. I ordained; if they fhould be guilty of trea- chery m the concerns of the empire, or form attempts for the fubverfion of the imperial authority, that their judges fhould not be precipitate in configning them over to death : , ' And that they- fhould difcover and afcer- tain who were their accufers, and firfl try the honefty and truth of the witnefTes on the touchflone of examina- tion and proof : for the invidious and the flanderers are many J who from envy and felf-interefl will cloath falfe- hood in the garment of truth, that they may accomplifh their own defigns. And many there are, worthlefs and wicked men, who will fupport and encourage the enemies of *\na\r nrinno • fxnA \Ta\\r\ \va fraiifl. and flrtifice and trea- 246 INSTITUTES j^=2j\ j-A-^1 ^^^=» «^^^=' 22^"' Ir^ Cici-Lw ^ J (^ Job^J OvMjIjXJ |;(__5AX« (^,' (j^ JJI'I J J (jM^ b ^I v^Jl^ Jl aaSIj^^«a^ 0^^=^ O^J "^"^ ^^ ^:i. ^i^ J^ jj-« J— a)j!-« ij^S=> C^'^i J' A^s (j'-'-jC eujsr* L-'vuic CiJlsk jJ aXjT b' JsA_>L&i^Jt «_j i- i^^J ^1v\j^j j^N *^^.W^ y_?j^g— jj v--%Aju cjLJLo jJ j^i ^1 t T I M O U II. 247 chery will ruin and deftrpy his loyal g,nd faithful fubjeds ; Book II. and "by falfehood» and perfidy, and deceit fhake and ove^r- tiirn the foundation of his empire. , ■ . Thus Ameer Hqoffein epteijed.into a trea- cherous correfpondence with one of my Vizzeers. And he adminiftered to his avarice, and he prevailed upon him to fowjdifcord and enmity between me and Eekoo Timour and! Ameer Jaukoo, who were the finews of my power and fortune. And I penetrated into the defigns of Ameer Hooflein and my Vizzeer, and I liftened not to their ac- cufations againfl: them. And thus alfo feveral of thofe in whom I confided, from envy and from malice, communicated fic- titious tales unto me, both in public and in private, to the prejudice of Ameer Ubljaus, who was one of m^ moft powerful and moft faithful chiefs. And they kind- led the fire of my refentment by their falfe reports j and ' in the moment of anger I ordered him, unheard and un- examined, to be put to death : and in the end I difcove- red the perfidy of his accufers, and I was aftia^ied and confounded at my own condudt. If the Vizzeers fupei^intending ^ the reve- nues, who hold the riches of the empire, were guilty- of peculation therein; and if the fums which theyapf^Kj- priated to their own ufe, exceeded not the amount, of their falaries, I ordered that it fhould be conferred, upon them ; that if they had taken^fums to twice the amount &f 248 I N S T I T U^ E S ^^TiXwla*^ -^'j^'j O^j^ V^' o'-^-^^^'^J \j)j ■f=>\ AJl uaJOo UJj ^ J^ cM' a^ ^-^^--^V CUjlfi) 3^=U cXXj^U oJ-^ CvLwSfc JSAjlyi (^(jiwji '--^^^; 0>^ JuJjj &X^y (Sjji j) CU>4.^J ^Ij5i .(^jJ^-^yu* #Jjlfli OumJ Oy« ^' A^= CaJLT 4jUc C^J^ JU .OcLUm J-^h ^^ <~^f^ iS^ J^ 0>Av* L^^ C:^_X1J>_^ O«jm10 A .. *^ T~^ OvAiw \;>4^-»-< ^^Um>^I ^;^^y^ J^A/flOj^ P T I M O U R. 249 of their'fubfiftcnce, it fliould be deducted therefrom ; and Book II. tliat, if they had defrauded the revenues to three times the amount of their falaries, the imperial colle6lors fhould levy it upon their fortunes. A N D . I ordered that the coUeaors ihould not take more than was due ; but that their condudt fhould be governed by equity and juftice, that abufes fnight not creep into the ordinances of government. 1 commanded that the tales of the vv^icked, the envious, and the malicious againft my Vizzeers Hiould not be attended to. For minifters are a clafs of men who have many enemies ; and the inhabitants of this wqrld are £earchers after the things thereof. If a minifter pa- tronizes and fupports them, they will deceive and betray him ; and if he neglects thofe people, they will gird up their loins in oppoiition unto him. Chughtai Khaun had a minifter whom the fons of calumny accufed of peculation to the amount of many thoufand pieces of money. When they prefent- ed the impeachment to the king. Tie commanded the Vizzeer into his prefence, and thus reproached him, *' It ** is evident that thou art a wretch of a moft abjedt dif- ** pofitipn, fince being the minifter of a prince rich and «* powerful as I am, thou canft be meanly content with *' defrauding thy mafter of fuch poor and contemptible «* fums as thefe." The fagacious and good Vizzeer, thus I i honoured 50 INSTITUTE 8 \jCij .'k j\-Ji — JL-cljj ^^j^j 0^=3 {j\sL ^jJ;*X2*Aj ojjjjT" f^\ OumwXj Ij-JJ «X\aS= /-y^sM (__5^J j-JJ j? Ot-^yJ x*L_jIa<»^ J lj--2>. j£=lj J^Xj O^Ly*j ^'^-jS^L-j JOjxT'ttyj^ jLTaJL/ ' *XJJl»w; UmIa_j 4Ju(.A_J (J**-^j^ lJ^j o F 'T I Ml 0- U ,R, zi\, honoured by the kindnefs of his^ prince, brought forth Book II. all that he had, and laid it at the feet of his lord ; and ' ' ' thus preferved bl»A^I (^lj Ojlj^ Ajj^e J.jIS I^— jj jiyiLij juxci^ ji^i j^.s*=sr^ ^u;:«i ^ ^U^ I^j 4^ *C' ^^*^ OF T I M p U R. zss Concerning other crimes, the breaking Bookll. of teeth, and the pfitting out of eyes, and the flitting / and cutting off the ears and nofei and wine-drinking and adultiery* I ordained that whoever fhould be guilty of th^fe, or other crimes, they ftiould be brought into the court of the ecclefiaftical and civil judges : that the ec- clefiailical magiftrate flioiild decide on thofe caufes, which are determinable by the facred laws; and that thofe which did not fall under his cognizance, fhould be invefligatefl, and laid before me by the civil judge. ,1 Concerning the appointment of ministers, I ordained that in Vizzeers four qualities fhould be parjticularly attended to : Firfl, firmnefs and generofity r Secondly, underflanding and fagacity : Third- ly, the power of living in harmony with the foldiers and the fubjedts : Fourthly, patience under difficulties, and talents for the cultivation of peace and tranquillity : That whoever was endowed with thpfe four qualities fhoulci be confidered as equal to the office of Vizzeer; fhould be made both minifler and coun- fdlor, and the reins of the concerns of the government, of the army, and the fiibjeds be delivered over to his care ; that preeminence fhould be cohferred upon hiih by four things, confidence, and e|leem, and difcretionary power> and authority. That 154 INSTITUTE S > /yj 6^=> «XiiL» (C-j)^ ^\jji\ ;J.^l^s A^U (-jlsi. Jljj tW*J 'CJ^jya Lif*A>*i ^j*w*Si4lj yJdiAi^^Jj ^jU:^ «-\ii*lj oJoi^ iS^ t.>.t*^-r) j\ j^=U Ja_.JLj**— J« Jjjx^ c>>l;j Jl *jjj 0;Lm 4j1^ J»j^i JuCi^lJ c^jj .x/" «ijj U^JkJttLwj TCiJjJ ASS3 CIvnI {JJfi^ Citijfej \^j^ ^jj <3t?7? ^J^ yjj urn {-liiJ jj^s*-*' oUjOU •sisr'U:^ THAT.ininifter fhall bwe$h cpn|!pi},%iAn> ^PjlL who epdea- 1 to ruin a $ood and virtupus man, from the malice BeHbeareth untoTiim, be e3q)ened ifrom his-ofEce. The office of the Vizzaurut muft not be ed on the wicked, the envious, the revengeful, or itious : for ihe cofffequence that thaTl fiStl^iw from [iiiaiftration .of iuqhUileii, is vthe ^^igfid^ diiToJiiiltippi imperial /ortune and empire^ , Thus it happened to MuUick Shaah Sil- He disgraced his Vizzeer Nizzaum ul M^oolluk, vdi6 256 INSTITUTES Jj^au «-U— J i^[}^ aa*i*2». oLiuj Av^ ''^^ l'*'?,^-^ CX«Uij J./'u^MflJ (Jlj Colas' IjC^y^ &U*wj AAirkU* {^ ^^U. ^;^j Jl J C^;b t;AiAA:L ^'UiULo '0^^^==^ Lki, ,tJ-ujl a5=9 Jsjiilj jl£=» J^=^j ^'^'^J W^J o ii T IJM O U a. 2^7- who was adorned with ^very great and fhioing quality; Book 11. and appointed an ignot>le and wprthlefs man in his place. By the ill conduft, vicioufners, and villainy of that minif- ter the foundation of the power of Miillick Shaah was overturned. I N this manner Al Kumnai> who was no- ted for his malevolent and revengeful difpofition, was rai- fed to the dignity of firft mimfter by Maatuffim Billau Ubbaufi. Influenced by the feccet rancour which he har- boured in his foul a^ainft the Khulleefeh„ that wicked minifter deceived his mafter with the language of trea- chery ; 9nd editing the ambition of HuUaukoo Khaun, drew the powerful arms of that prince on the head of the unfufpedting Khallf : he caufed his perfon to be feized ; and that befell the Khaljf which did befall him. THEREFORE the Vizzeer to be chofen is a man of illuftrious delicent, and of a aoble heart, and of a virtuous difpofition, and of prudent condud;. The truly illuftrious fwerve »ot from their duty; but in the bafe an4 ignD|>le fidelity and gopd faith are not to be found. 'A«P every Vizzeer who condufteth hira- felf in his high ftation with uprightnefs and integrity ; who direfteth the various departnients of government With redlittide, aitd with fidelity, and with refpe^ to the facred laws, let him be exalted to the highefi: dignities. Kk And 258 INSTITUTES ^i A>**j aJj lAi^u owSjj J ^u***j Aj cXa£=p J^^^ c^^yl^ O^W^ ^jUJa LjJ Jy ^l^=y ^^y ^U*V jS=I fy aJI^I£s aj vX^mU (j^jJm IJ^J yjj (j**J ^»^ I; tj^i ^-^^^ ^^y* CJ^ *^= ^ri^^ ^ A_Jflwjlo o F T I M O U R. 259 And if the minifter tranfafteth the im- Book II. portant concerns of empire by villainy and artifice, it (hall fpeedily happen that the power and profperity of that empire (hall pafs away. That minister is a wise minister, who in his conduft emplpyeth both mildnefs and feverity j who is neither immoderately fcvere, nor weakly compliant. For if he a£teth with too much mildnefs and compliance, the avaricious and wordly-minded will opprefs and bear him down : and if his feverity be exceffive, the people will fly from before him, and at all times avoid his pre- fence. Therefore that minister is a wise mi- nister, who regulateth and giveth order to the edifice of royalty by a juft knowledge of mankind, and by an uni- form and prudent conduA ; who in the execution of his office adleth with patience and forbearance, and condudteth th€ afifairs of government with mildnefs and with feverity* Let fuch a Vizzeer be confidered as a friend and companion in the imperial *iM* ^ 4^j_^^jt, A^2j ^J j-f U*^A^J o^^ ^^J ^^^ (_^U o^-^ cX^l^ ^^.AfijO ^jkjuS* jAsk jT "' of his foul. If he be;m£4%flant^aad harbour rev€n|fe, Book II. he muft be watched with care ahcl with caution j left he *■""""' eftter into cbnfedcracitrs with^ the enemies of the imperial power, and itt¥t)lve.,in cpaf^ifion^ th)e rev^jiucs arid i(ip army of his prince. ,; An INT1I,LIG'|:«^ AND' SASACtepS MIMlSTER rS T«AT MINISTER^ who fupporteth the fubjefit with oae hand, and with the other hand hoideth up the foldier j wha , receivetfr not whence it fhould not be received; ami who , < , . . A vir- 26a INSTITUTES jgcl &f uXib c^^Jj ya3r» y5^' ^Jjj ^r ^ J o^^ ^^ jiv^i <^y^^ '-Oil f luj &v^j vj^ ^ lJ^ *^=' "^-^ t:^^ ^fi) Jj^ K^j\)j ^Jy ,oJl;l AfCfjjJ *>^i^jf^ J^-^:*^ ^^=^ ^ A^ CUi^l ly aS^c^^jj (Sji I^A ^} J' V_5^ ^^ . ~' . •' -'■■'' ■''■1'" ■ ■ Jsm\j y AAMACih Jlatilj J^' ^^^^ "^^ J*** ^=1 A^3 «XjJj^7 Jj^ r^J AaAs aAJI (__5^ J^j OF T I M O U R. 263 A VIRTUOUS MINISTER IS THAT MINISTER, fiookll. whofe good qualities predominate over his failings^ • Thus I have heard, that the failings of Nizzaum ul Moolluk were vanquiftied by his Virtues. At that time when he refolvedto perform the holy pil- grimage, one of the men of God faid unto him ; " Thy "good aftiohsl which fhine fofth in ttfe glory and the •*^ power of Mullick Shaah, and the bleflings which the ** people of the Almighty receive from thy hands, are ** equal to all the- merits of pilgrimage and of fandiity." Anp it has alfo been related unto me» that on the day wheV Aali Ben Luckti, who was the miqifler of Haurbon"u^Rufheed, determined to retire irbm the VizzaOrutf as. his adminiflration had been favourable to the people of God, one pf the holy prieAs wrote to him, fayingj ** Thou ffialt continue to execute thy office in the *' palace of the Khalif ; thou fhalt not relinquish thy au- ** thority : for the comforts. and tlje benefits which thou ** conferreft on the fervants of the Almighty, are fuperior •• to all the good and glorious adtions of thy life." And fp s^lfo I have heard, that when it was demanded of the holy prophet; ^bn whom be the p^rotcdion of God) "If thou hadft not beeniefjt fcirth " the meffenger and prophet, of th^ Altpighty, ,vv,hatoc-, «• cupdtion wouldeft thou have chofen ?'*^ He anfwered,. y.. foying, 264. IN S T I T U T EiSo l^ C.„5^^ jiV^S^; Jti-^"^ ^ 'L3 *^I«^T-' (3"*^ 'yr^^ L-TTX*) ^j^asL* OP T I M O U R. 265 faying, « I would have fought the ferviqe of priijces ; Book II. " that I might have been able to do good to the fervants ^* of my Creator." And it was on this account that I confent- ed to accept the employments of minifter and general from Ouleaus Khaujeh, the f©n of TughuUuk TTimour Khajan.i that I might fuccour and fupport the people. And from the affiftance and protection which I afforded to his fervants, it may have come to pafs thiat Almighty God hath exalted me to the throne of empire, u. And if a minifter by fkilful meafures, or by the fwdrd, tronquereth or faveth a kingdom, let him be held in honour and refpedl ; and let him be exalted and filled. The lord of the sword and the pen. A SKILFUL AND ABLE MINISTER IS THAT MINI- STER, who, when neceflary, can by his counfels and abilities diiperfe and divide the power of armies j and who, when occaiion calleth, can by well-adapted and ikilful meafures unite them together ; who hath the capacity to fow divi- fions among the forces of. the enemy, and to make them fubfervient to his views, and to be the confervator of his prince and matter ; who can, by his fagacity, and wifdom, and forefight refolve and render eafy the momentous con- cerns and difficulties which furround a king ; and who, LI if S.66 INSTITUTES OJ^ *^ L5^ ^lJ^J J^ ^"'^ v-C;^ ;i ^. AJi^ jjj c:^!wx;r j^ ^j i^ ^^-u^ !;vJ5j c,^J J^ol*y (j-vJ 1/0^ oJ^Ss ^UAjI Jv^jji y^iS*^ V/^ ^'V'J **^^^^'->?^ C^jJ^— J ^ o'j '^i^ «£=9 Jujl^-Jjlse'jI^Ua^ jlj-JO;!J ^^j J^'1^3 J^iib JJifi g^jy jl a^ v>Si^ Afr'l ^lli^jj^^l e>-^ jy^yo oUOU Jid L-T^UO* Jjj ^ OP T I M Q- U R, t^p if the affairs of emjure be involved in confuiion}' can re- Book II. duce them to order by the hand of under:ftanding and' reflexion. Th.us at the time that A^li.Beg Cboqn Ghoorbauni feized on my perf6n, and confined me in a loathfoma dungeon, filled w^ith vermin j ^azeez u dJaefl) who v^as one of my Vizze^rs, came to me f^om Turmuz 'with fpeed ; and lulling to fleep the attention of Aali . Beg, and hiding his eyes from his prifoner, he gave fuch vigour to my hopeis, that; with the arm of fortitude :aa4 refolution, and by the edge of the fwond,, I. extricate^ myfelf from the guards which were Rationed over me, and recoyered my freedom. In the like manner Nizzaum; ul Moolluk delivered MuUick Shaah from the hands of Keefur. Let therefore fiich a miniflier be accounted the companion of the imperial fortune; let him be treated with kindnefs and-affeftion j and let not his counfels be difregarded :- for that which he hfexhi pfpc^cdgth froiji) w|fdom and underilanding. If a king be oppfefi5ve, and his Vizzeer be J4jft» the 0f)pjrefiipa8 of the ki«g. ai« mipdf^rated and rec-. tified by the jjuftios of the Vizzeer.; hm if . thp V iz?e?r be oppreffive, the affairs of that "government fhall be ^eedtly iovolved in co^fioA. L 1 2 Regula- 26B INSTITUTES . ^1 rV" i:^A*i- * j.i>r o:^ c^i^^ j\j Civ*»X** o^j LjUa. Jj^ a/ Jjj JJly C^^j^ "-^-^yj J^'j OF T I M O U R. 269 ilEGULATIONS CONCERNING THE AP- Bookll. POINTMENT OF SUPERIOR OFFICERS. *""' — ' I cpmmanded that, three hundred and thir- teen perfons from among my chofen and fuperior fervants fhould be advanced to exalted dignities. And thofe were men who were renowned for their high lineage, and for noblenefs of mind, and for underftanding, and for pene- tration, and for, refolution, and for intrepidity, and for ikill, and for vigilance, and for caution, and for forefight, ihd for deep reflcdtion. ! ' , , And to each of them reappointed another perfon, who on the death of the firft fhould fucceed to his rank and dignity; and him I entitled an expecter OF preferment. And thefe three hundred and thirteen Ameers were men of judgement and of knowledge -, and they were learned in the arts of peace and of war ; and they were {killed in the evolutions of armies, and In break- ing the lines of the enemy. ' ' For by experience it is knotvn unto me, that he only is equal to ftations of power gnd dignity, who is well acquainted with the military art, and with the various modes of breaking and defeating hoftile ar- mies J who in the hour of battle giveth not his heart forfh from his hand, nor permitteth apprehcnfion and terror to take polTeflion of his foul j who can diredl the; efforts of his troops ; and if' their, ranks be thrown into copfufion, can by his abilities reftore them to order.- ^ -■ ■ T -C He 27o~ B N S T I! T U T E Sr C^j C^iJls:'• a/" \j y+A£=?J>^ ^U/ jt^. ^^.J^ ^ oi^Jamj« vNaOAim aA.,^. Ji A^= r^^^v-* 3^|j ^ t^j!,a^ '^'j**.-! ^«^ Cj^ r»"^^ ''^^' J^Lj -'r**' Jyo^^ L--oU ^^^^ .,,^^==^ J^ ^s^JW' «-^N^ib C^J^*. o'-AJ** jt'.'^J ^y*y U-^i^^ f^^ ^T^' ^^^"^^^ '''j"^ -J*^ ^'' >-^. f''^^^ ^ ^!r^ jW Jj-^ ^^j.b (^j O^j Cj^ j^i , ; OF T I M t> U R. 271 He Is capable of filling the ftation of qibief Book II. of the Omraus, who is worthy of heing my lieutenant in peace and in war ;. who can rule the armies with ma- jefty aind with authority ; and \^ho hath the v.^our to chaftize thofe who rife in oppoiition to his commands. I commanded, that of the fore-going three hundred and thirtcfen Aoateers, four fhouH be appointed Beglerbegs j -f- and that one fliouid be exalted to the dig- nity of Ameer ul Omrau : whofe authority ifhould be over ihe Ameefs and the army, in the field and in adiion j and who in my prefence fhould ad as my deputy. Twelve other persons, men of re- putation and RENOWN, I exalted TO HH&H COMMANDS, ACCORDING TO THIS ORDER.. To the firfl: Ameer I gave in charge a thoufand men, and appointed him commander over them. And to the feeond Ameer I gave the commaiad of two thoufand men i and appointed him their chief. And, in the fame manner, to the third, and the fourth, and the fifth Ameer I gave the cotilhiand tjf three, arid four, ftud five thouikttd men: a;nd tfe*j« from thR-^fixda to the twelfth Atneer, from fix thoufend up to twi^lve thoufand. And each, according to his rank, I llppoihted the deputy and reprefentative of liis fupeirior. ;* THiits I ^appointed the firfi: Ameer the de- puty of the feeond, and the feeond Ameer the deputy, of t i> 6. Generals or commanders of the firft rank. 272 I N S T I TUiT B S c^c^jT i^j ^\j^ ^\3 K^jij (^cJ^fjb <^-Xaa^. !; Qj^j'^ JSac^ (.^'j ■- .1. :. ■' •'t'j 'w 4^JI ^(SK^:x^^^j ^j^ ^b!:^ Cj^Lf .^ J^-l J/3 ^Usr* ^^b 0:iv^. JvJ ^ ^^b — 4r^ c^ «^b u-vlL fiij F T I M p U R>. 273 tBe third; thus alfo the eleventh Ameer the deputy of Book 11. the twelfth Ameer, and the twelfth Ameer the deputy of ^^""^ the Ameer nl Omrau , and the Ameer ul Omrau my deputy: that if an accident ihould happen, the one might fupply the plfice of another. 1 alfo commanded that from amongft thefe three hundred and thirteen Ameers, a hundred (houlcj be ftiled Ounbaufhees, that one other hundred fliould be called Euzbaufhees, and that the third hundred (hould be ililed Mingbaufhees. And I ordained that in times of fervice the Ameer ul Omrau fhould ifTue orders to the Ameers* and the Mingbaufhees* and the Euzbauihees, and the Oun- baufhees : and that the duty t>f the Ounbaufhee (hould not be impofed on the Euzbaufhee } and in the like manner that the duty of the Euzbauihee (hould not be impofed on the Mingbau(hee; nor the duty^f theMing- bau(hee on the Anleer; nor the duty of the Ameer on the Ameer ul Omrau : " ^ , And that on fuchYervice as might be exie- cuted by an Ounbaufhee, an Euzbau(hee (hould not be ordered j and that a'Mihgbauihee (hould not be fent on a fervice which could he performed by an feuzbaufhee : And that every one of the Ameers, who, from a fpirit of enterprife, demanded employment, that his requeft (hould be granted. ^ , M'm Regula- ij^ INSTIT^UtES / ^iii\J tv)5' (Ji' J— ^'^'V'*' ^** «AmjU oOj (mv.^y-* ytV^^"'*' ^J lj./-»iiL» (Mjl vJ^-'^J^ — :'^5 «AJ;lj*i /g**V lXaa^ r^^*** ■:Ui.(J . !;'■ j-aJL^^ Vy4i ijj^a. ^^1^ Ol^^ ^ 01 •" f! ;iiV''' - j;.J^.arj: ' "t !.';r; jh" 'L..; q^ oW** j--?Uj JU>UjP j^^^y ij»^"^l^ iC^ AAiy^ oopa It'll U ^ U' R. ^ Regulations 6~f Promotion's an^d Boiskll. RE)VA;IDS to my soldiers from THl? MEANEST ^"^"'""^ to-~th'e most" rxae ted. ' ^^ ' I ' <>rdain£d, if any one of my feledl fol- diers diiftlnguiflied himfelf in battle, that in recompence for the firft exploit he {hould be made an Oulibaufheie, arid for tlie fecond exploit ari E'u^bkirfliee,'- a:nd fof the th«d ej^ldit a. Mingbauihee ; ahdihatthe Taubee&aun -f; ^f -the Ounbaufhee lhould>foj the firft exploit be raifed to the rank of Ounbaufhee. -■-'^ .J ■ -.';-, ■.•' ) , '''':■:. »?^ *^ Jka^ i/^j ^yiy ^^ J* ^c^jr^j^b »\(ilj ojySs OoLJ ^^^ oJjJ J OveJSc^ (J—^ *^=' t This word is Mogul, and the meaning unknown. o F j^i T I M O U R. 7:j^ To every foldler who turned his back in Book II. the hour of a£l;Ion« I ordered that Koornifh -f- fhould not be given^j and that if he fled from abfolute neceffity, he fhould' be pardoned s and that if he fhould be Aruck with a panic, and. fly in confequence thereof, that he fhould be pardoned alfo ; \ and that to every foldier, who fhould fight with refpliition, and be wounded in aflion, a compeniiition fhould be given ; and that if he fhould be wounded in battle, and then retire from the field, his conduct fhould be applauded. The wound which he had received fhould be confidered as a proof, that if he reached not to the enemy, yet the arm of the enemy extended unto. him: his wound fhould be ii,wit- nefs in his favour.. I ordained that the right of the warrior fhould not be injured ; and that the foldier who had grown in years fhould not be deprived of his flation or his wages j and that the adtions of the foldier fhould not be fuppreflfed : for thofe men who fell their permanent happinefs for perifhable honour, merit compenfation, and are worthy of reward and encouragement. If a foldier fhould be deprived of his reward, and his aSions fhould be hidden from the light, it would be an ay> *-\a^=> J *AJj Cj^-Uji jj ol^jtui^kl C^j^ Jl of^^. J;/ c^l:^:' lIv' (J-^> (Lfj;—^ OjJ c;-^ ol.%;Jsj L-s:^l _^| jl^^l c^j^ jp. (--^s:»u^j (X''^^J «u^ jojij jL^jTj j^jLyj iiiv^r ., , - .,,,^^>Ljr c^M JI (jiJ»t*J (;^j JUii^a j^^lj^ LCLh ^;;^ b oJjSsp ^(Sb^ j^^j '^r^ AST*! A/'fJ^OoUc ^jlJua^ (-JsajUJ^J^ Cv.UjC OF T I M O U R* 281 Thus alfo Munguli Booghau, in the war Bookir. of Bulhikh, advanced with an army againft me j and before the engagement commenced, I fent propofals unto him, and endeavoured to draw him over to my fide. But he forgot not his duty to Tughulluk Timour Khaun j and he formed his troops in order of battle, and he charged my forces with undaunted rejfolution, and he was de- feated. And when he afterwards voluntarily came unto me, and kneeled to my authority, I raifed him to an exalted ftation, and I included him in the number of my moft favoured fervants ; and on all occafions I praifed and applauded his condudl. And fuch were the favours which I conferred upon him, that if anj refentment remained in his heart, it was totally obliterated. A s he was a bold and intrepid warrior, he iignalized himfelf in my fervice, and conferred obliga- tions upon me. And in the war- of Azzurbauejaun, when I encountered Kurrau Eufoof, in the moment that my troops were difcouraged and thrown into confufion, he placed upon the point of his fpear the head of an hoftile commander i and he named it the head of Kurrau Eu- foof, and called aloud to my forces, that Kurrau Eufoof was flainj and. he gave courage to my foldiers. And he rufhed on the centre of Kurrau Eufoof 's line, and drove, •him from the field. And this vidory over Kurrau Eufoof I imputed to Munguli Booghau j and I exalted him to a fuperior rank. N n ReguIa- 282 INSTITUTES !l_jly I; L^lj ^.^>^t^ ^!jp* ^-^^ >JS3».j*w CUj.Xi* wXJJUm cxJjJ m_>^^_j5* ij^j (^OiJ o^'-vj *Ajcj j'.^^j oWjK 1; V^*»»'j J|^[> o^^j^s' '^^ !; O^ U^' U*l^^' ^-^ t A kind of kettle-druQi. o F T I M O U R. 283 Regulations for encouraging my Bookll. Ameers, and my Vizzeers, and my soldiers, *""''""' AND MY Subjects, BY rewards and by honours. I ordained that every Ameer who fhould reduce a kingdom, or defeat an army, fhould be exalted by three things, by a title of honour, by th6 ftandard, and by the Niccaureh j -f- and that he (hould be dignified with the appellation of Bahaudur j J and that he fliould be conflde^ed as the afTociate of the royal power and dig- nity } and that he (hould be admitted a member of my imperial council j and that the government of a frontier , province fhould be conferred upon him; and that Ameers fhould be placed under his command. I alfo ordained that every Ameer who defeated a prince, or the fon of a prince, or a Khaun, fhould be exalted after the fame manner. _ Thus I rewarded Ameer Eekoo Timourj whom I had appointed to reduce Auroos Khaun. He conquered that prince j and I conferred upon him a Tou- maun, || the flandard, the military enfign, and the Nic- caureh J I made him the afTociate of my fortune i and I appointed him my Vizzeer and m!y adviferj and I gave hini a place in my imperial council; and I conferred upon him the government of a frontier province ; and I placed Ameers under his command. And the envious uttered inianuations againfl him, that he had plundered the hord of Auroos , Khaun, and that he had taken the fpoils to himfelf. J The Brave. y The command of 10,000 men. 284 INSTITUTES oJs^ j^^yflA^ cWcrL 1; (jlSbL /-Zy-o j^'^'^ "V cj-^'^ p T I M O U R, 28^ And my affedions Were turned afide from Eekoo Timour Book II. by their infmuations : but I had beard the hiftory of Beh- ' '""* raum Joubeen, and from thence I had acquired experience. For when the Khaukaun advanced againft Hurmuz, the fon of Noufharevaun, with an army of three hundred thoufand fanguinary Toorks-; that prince fent forth Behraum Joubeen (who had been the minifter, and the counfellor, and the general af his father ) with thr,ee hundred and twenty thoufand Perfians to oppofe him. And he engaged that prince ; and for three days, and for three nights, the flaughter continued with great fury ; till at length he defeated the Khaukaun, and dif- patched intelligence of his vidlory to Hurmuz : and he alfo fent unto him the fpoils which he had taken. And the envious and the flanderous, who influenced the councils of Hurmuz, forged accufations againflhim, faying, "Behraum hath fecreted the treafures of the enemy ; and he hath feized to himfelf the fword, and the crown, and the bufkins of the Khaukaun (orna- mented and adorned with jewels of price)." And Hurmuz, from a mean and contemp- tible avarice, forgot the fervices of Behraum; and he cre- dited the accufations of the flanderous and felf-interefl:ed, and pronounced him a traitor and a criminal -, and,, in to- ken of his anger and contempt, fent a chain unto him, and a collar, and the veil of a woman. And ^86 INSTITUTES j\ j;l*J^ J J Aa^U q^*k* L'j^j* «-V*^>r' OLX*li*j^ Ocsr* jj l/JJjjJ J)/'*=*iJ <-Nji-^_^* 2;^^ OvaJsX*** jl Ij— jj #_jlAi5;ilj c}|^N {•<3lJ j"lc jlj« jjAMjI^r q»aX3e^ AamjIii) ^r^ b *T* J> o*-^ ^^SrA^ O^ Crji;' U^f -5' *^ o p T I M O U R. 28/ And Behratim Joubeen placed the collar Book II. on his neck, and on his feet he faftened the chain, and ^"""''^ he cloathed himfelf in the female attire. • And he called the Aoieers and the chiefs of iL& foldiers together, and, thus habited, he gave public audience to his people. And when the chiefs and the forces beheld the fituation of Behraum, they uttered revilings againft their prince, and^ they turned their hearts from thpir duty to Hurmuz. And under the banners of Behraum Jou- been, they proceeded to the palace of the King; and they deprived him of his negai authority ;. and they feated Khiifiiro Purvaze upon the thirone- of the- Perfian empire. Havi n g acquired this experience, that I might, not dfaw upon ta& the revilings of my people, I ordered Eekoo Timour to appear before me ; and I feated . myfelf on my throne in the midiV of my chiefs ; and I gave admiffion to the people at lar^. And I commanded the wealth and the effedts which had been taken from the tribe of Auroos Khaun to be brought forth ; and I con- ferred the- whole of thefpoih on Ameer Eekoo Timour, and on the warriors and the foldiers who had fought under his command. And I ordained that every Ameer who aCtedwith firmncfs in the dky of battle, and defeated the enemy oppofed unto him, fhould be promoted to a< fupe^ rior ilatioQ. t.HVS, 488 INSTITUTES -U^Sh jJ Ijf^y^ j^^ o^^ *— ^'-^ fO/ CX^_jyj fcil^ OjUl C£?ij ,j4^. ^ C^j P^ jj Jv.'v-' C5^^=^ ^ o'^'v t^-^ye^ uW^*^ -i^^J OsJ;lJ (JU;I ^__5i-5^ CX*^XL ^b,J^ o 5 TT- t M :o U R. Thvs, in ah engagcme-nt with TouktLim- mifh Khaun,Taubaun Bahaudur penetrated to the flandard- beafer of that prince, and inverted the ftandafd j and he was wojunded in "many places. And his ehemies and the enviers of his. renown fought to bury his valour in oblivion : but it was not coniiftent with my juftice that I fhould (hut my eyes to the merits of Taubaun. And I exalted him to a goverr^ment ; and, I receive4 l\im ifltp my favour j and I conferred upon hlni the ftdndard of honour. , 4-^-;; ' -.'-^ .. ; And I ordain edi if inj)uabauihee, or- ait Euzbaufliee, or a /Mingbaufliee Ameer fl^ould vanquifli. the forces of an enemyj that in reward to an Ounbaufhee the government of a city fhould be given ; and that the reward of an Euzbaufhee fhould be the command of a province. , "^^^ ;"„'■■' -J. ' =' , Thus, to Burlaus Bahaudur, who was an Euzbaufhee, and' who in. the warrwS.th'«.Touktu'mmifh. Khaun; engaged his, eneqiy and defeated the army of the foe, I gave the command of the'prevince of 'HilTaur Shaudumaun. ' — '-'■'] '•']'•; ^^C-^'' And I ordained,, when a Mingbaufhee.de- feated the forces of his' antagoiiift, that he fhould be ap- pointed the lord of a princi^alj!ty/^/Xb^^-W-heQ M^hum- mud Auzaiid, in the war of Kuttour, vanquifhed the Seah poflaatuni-f- whofhadi defiea*ed: BvirhftUQ/Aghkiaii, I Y Wearers, ef black i'Co.viamti from the colour of tfeeif.h.abits»;.'rrhey inhabited the mountains fouth ot Buddukhfhaun. O o apppintec^ 290 INSTITUTES j-^b fJuJlJ^S CijJU;sr^ '-rr^L? ^W*|^ jv^ 2:^/* *aJ>IjI b *i.,XU/ * W i^^-A^ jux«l (oi*'^ Hji **jwj «^I/l^ cyii'^ C^J • • •• ^^^'"^ cyli^' t;^ T^j t:^ o.4hj '^^A' ^>i^> (^^ I; L^^ »v^V«} - \ Thefe words aie Mo^, and their figniiica^ons wnknowiu X A belt, or girdle. I) Th» Tbumaan l^gh» and Cher To|Im are alfo a fortof ftandaids or t T I M O U R. J91 inted him to the dominion of the principality of Book II. iuz and Coulaub. " '"^^ And I ofdtifled, whoever of tny Ameers aed and wrefted a kingdom from the hands of the ly, that for the fpace of three years the yicegerency lat kingdom fhould be conferred upon him as a re- l. And I commanded that the Mt^ Mdler diftinguifhed himfelf in battle, fhould be rewarded a Kullung, -f or embroidered Autaukeh, -f- with a r, stnd with a fword, and Whh a KuhnhuC, J and that lould be raifed to the rank of an Ounbaiiniee : fo for the fecond, and the third atehievement he might o the ilations of Euzbaufhee, and of Mingbaufhee. Regulations for conferring the 30RS Ot rtit, NiCCAtJREH AND TttE STANDARD. 1 ordained that one ftandjard, and one Nic- :h fhould be conferred on each of the twelve feleA ers ; and that the ftandard, and the Nccaureh, he Toumaun Toghe, and the Cher Toghe, [] (hould anted to the Anleer ul Omcau : .^ v., _ ' And that a Toghe, and a NufFeer § fhould [lowed to the JWfiiJgteldhed Aftieer, and a drmtt to Suzbaufhee and OanbiCttfhee Ameers ; and that to the with certain figures on the fummit, marking the rank and digtiit]'' fe to whom they belong. . fort of trumpet. O o 2 Ouyemauk 292 INSTITUTES ^-^k . ■ t -j*6 jA/«l vAji^lj (_3 •! jA^I 3^=?l O^Jjl-wJ yS^**"^ lJ^^ ^ iXiJlwJ^ |^l__^_2ai w.A__i cXJ-_A«XL> *^j=^ ^ v^' r^ ^j i^^^^j ij^*^yj ^jf:^*^y ,^^\ ju Otij A^ASa. Vj^^ O^W j^ ^^ to fupply the deficiencies ef others; t A fort of upper roof for the tent, which being elevated tw»- op tliree feet above it, and proje£ling on all fides beyond it, defends the owner from ^ the heat of the fun. 296 INS TIT U T E S ^Ly^ Jl [;J^^_iL ^jLoLm 0*_d» AAjJ-^o (asLI J L«J| jK^\ aiM) Jl A^3 Ij^^l jA^! 0*' iw--*»*'1 y**' (S^J '^^^^ CJ^-^J tijxXi o'jY^ y^v^' t,„^-»*»l j>*i vNjkfl * i ., , iJsanUJ (MLjin il L-j Ojj Cji. u^'^F^j jy^^ .ijrH ^r^ ■ ■ "^ f i_si d^^ ojb oM-W JJJJ [o^^. ^-Av,) A, * OF T I M O U R. 297 And thus alfo, that the fecond, and the Book II. third, and the fourth Ameer, and from him up to the Ameer ul Omrau,- each according to his rank and his fta- tion, fliould fupply and take with him his neceflaries, his tent, and his Autauk> and his Sauehbauns, and his horfes ; ■ The firft Ameer a hundred and ten horfes, and the fecond Ameer a hundred and twenty horfes, and the third Ameer a hundred and thirty horfes, and the fourth Ameer a hundred and forty horfes ; and thus up to the Ameer ul Omrau, who was not to take with him a lefs number than three hundred horfes. And I ordained that every one of the foot- £)ldiers fhould take with him a fword, and a bow, and a bundle of arrows i and that he fhould carry with him as much as he was able, let it be more or let it be lefs j but that in times of war he ftibuld not have lefs than was eftablifhed. Regulations of the imperial GUARDS, and rules TO BE OBSERVED IN THE PRE- SENCE, IN PEACE AND IN WAJl. I ordained that in times of peace the fol- diers, the Ameers, the Mingbaufhees; the Euzbaufhees, and the Ounbaufhees ihould not appear in the Imperial Deewaun without their KooUauh, f their Mozeh, J and Surmozeh, [| their Bnkdeh, their Jaumeh § having the collar, and their fwords. t Cap. t Boots. II A fort of leathern xlog covering the foot of the boot. ^ Upper coat. P p And 298 INSTITUTES j\^ U-uii ,^ A^=3 4-iAJ-J' (^t-^J (AajajIj jJjI^ *^_Li*^3 v • A 1 • ( ' ^ A , r* | ^l|^^^f '1,11 * ^ -Aji^l I la'^tl CUj^j JujL^* ^j-ou (--Jic ^ti c_5^j jJ;j' LT-J^— i o F T I M O U R. 299 And I ordered that twelve thoufand Kul- Book II. chee, -|- men of the fword, compleatly armed, fliould be cantoned in the palace ; to the right and to the left, and in the front and in the rear of the Imperial Deewaun : thus, that one thoufand of thofe twelve thoufand Ihould be every night upon guard ; and that over each hundred Kulchee an Euzbaufliee ihould be appointed; and that an Eokee J fhould be given unto him. And I ordained that in times of war and in the field, each of the twelve feledb Ameers, alfd the Mingbaufhees, and the Euzbaufhees and the Ounbaufhees ihould, with twelve thoufand horfemen compleatly armed, for the fpacc of one day and one night, when marching, and when halting, be ready upon guards And I Commanded that rhofe twelve thou- fand horfe ihould be divided into four diviiions, and that one diviiion ihould be poiled to the right of the camp, and one to the left thereof; ap4 °^^ '^ ^^ front, and one in the rear ; and that every watch they ihouM march out to the diilance of half a Furfung from fhe camp, £ta — 'L-Mj j_j^ %». ^yC^J ^_?f;ial ;l ^jL _j* A/"f Jj^j ^[j (__^L*iil^=Jj C-uwIySfc A^=3 JViib jJC« ^\jj^=) jOj^j v.^'VeiAzk jX^ Aa*^' y*'^ F T I M O U R* 301 tliat they fliould perform their duty with care and circum- Bookll. fpedion, and communicate intelligence of the approach ^^'"^ of the enemy. And I ordained that to each of the four quarters of the camp a Kootwaul fhould be appointed j and that the police thereof fhould appertain unto him : that he fhould colledt the cufloms from the traders in the markets j and that if any thing fhould be flolen from the camp, he fhould make it good. And I ordered alfb that four divifions of Chupkunchee fhould be appointed; that they fhould fcour, and make themfelves maflers of, the circumjacent coun- try to the diflance of four Furfung from the camp ; and, if any one was murdered or wounded within that dif- tance, that they fhould be accountable } and that they alfo ihould be anfwerable for whatever was flolen. And I ordained that one third of the im- perial forces fhould be appointed to guard the frontiers of my dominions ; and that the remaining two thirds fhould attend my commands in the prefence. Regulation of the departments OF ViZZEERS. 1 ordained that four Vizzeers fhould be appointed to attend in the Imperial Deewaun. First. 302 INSTITUTES J^^Uj Juoljj J^U^j O^Ai^ t)!>^Lj ^^^^^^^ oXeU^j cH; ^-^.>v*-j cyi-^^L? (J^^j cK'^j '^Lj^j (^LJbLuM A-J4 X .C A^3 oUm 0/4 (*5J Ij oUm t3'j'^^ ^^^J cXJySJ ^jtiijj *Ss> *X*^J '^^' |j-=^j .;>-=='^j t_5^'/*-^ gs^L^t? o'-^=^>;j /J— jJaj oJ^yJ ioMO vXif Jt.^ «. (^j\ A— S^l~ JOLj^j ^yUul o^^!^ OP T I M O U R. 303 First. The vizzeer of the country and Bookir. THE SUBJECT. ItwasthebufinefsofthisVizzeertofuper- *—''—' intend, and communicate unto me, th© concerns and the affairs of the country j and the ftate and the fituation of the hufbandman, of the produce, and of the duties re- ceived, and of the deficiencies in the various provinc s, of the merchandize brought in and fent out of the land, of the cultivation, and the population, and the police of all my dominions. Secondly. The vizzeer of the armies. It was his duty to lay before me the aecompts of the wages due, and the affignments granted to the troops ; and to inform himfelf of the fituations and circumftances of the foldiers (that they might not be diftrefled or op- preffed) and to communicate unto me the ftate and the flcength of my armies. Thirdly. The vizzeer of the Sauir and Huvauee. It was his duty to take pofleflion of the effedls . of abfentees, -f- and of the defundl, and of thofe who had fled their country ; and to receive religious donations, and the duties on the merchandize of comers and of goers, and the taxes on the cattle, and on the pafture lands,, and on the refervoirs of water. And" having taken pofleflion of the produce, he was to retain it as a d^poflt in hi& hands, and to reftore the effects of the abfentees and the defundt to their lawful heirs. t i.e. Such people as had difappeaied fuddei^Iy, and whofe absence could not be accounted for. Fourthly. 304 INSTITUTES cXSiij oi£=r v'j"-!^ A^*'/^ ^/^ t^v^j G^^^ (J^\^ U>J^a^ ^j j-jjj A»*» '&^=> ("Jjv» ^'j ejtyJljc« aXi^^ o*» A!^ «^.W^* cy'.'^ ^^' ^Jj ^-^^^^^ U^-'j vJ^ o!>'.J o^^ !; cJ^ -^' oX«u«j u^^L^ aT p T I M U R. 505 Fourthly. Th? vizzeer of the im- Book II. PERiAL HOUSEHOLD. It was his duty to fuperintend the '""''^ receipts, and the difburfemcnts, and the general expences. And I ordained that three Vizzeers (hould be appointed over the frontiers and the domains appertain- ing unto the crown, and to regulate the concerns thereof. And I ordained that thefe feven Vizzeers fhould be fubjedl to the controul of the Deewaunbeghee : and that under his infpedbion they {hould regulate and de- termine the affairs and the concerns of the revenues, and lay them before me. 1 commanded that an Erzbeghee -f- fliould be appointed j and that he f^ould communicate to me the ftate of the foldiers, and of the fubjefts> and the eorn- plaints of my people, and the increafe or decreafe of po- pulation and cultivation in my dominions, and the con- cluiion and determination of every momentous concern. And I ordained that the Suddur ul ^S.ud- door fliould lay before me the Sawurghaulaut J of the defcendants of the prophet, (Sf the ftipendiaries, and pen- iioners ; and that the eccleiiaftical judge (hould commu- nicate unto me all eccleljaftical concerns ; and that th^ civil affairs fhould be laid before me fey the civil judge. t A prefenter of petitions. X Sawurghaul is a Mogul word, and iignifies a grant from the crown of laiids or revenues to be enjoyed for ever by the pofiefTor and his heii s. Qjq And 306^ INSTITUTES w;^*^:^ v^t' f^ *^ ^W ^^^ J>» Vvly j'y**J Jjui {j^si^*^j Job JOvflAa CyX«ljL«jj »^L,r^ Jl «%^fj «A>w/ LM^r^tJ a ^U «-KJ;IvAM£aJ ^Uum4J f;AxJL '^Jj^a jj^ j\ tSjjjSi jj^^os^ Qt*x^ jj A^b c^"^^ t^ ^'^^J c^l^UkiLTji Aibk^tr^ ATfc^j^j^lj I OF T I M U A. 5(57 An* I comOianded that iiU concerns ap- Bookll. pertaining to the imperial dignity, the regulations of iny dominions, and the difmiffion, and the changingr^nd^he appointing of armies and of ofEcers, and all confultatidns and plans of operation (hould be communicated unto mc in nriy feleflt council. , :-.-, And I commanded that a conifidential fe* cretary (on whofe fecrecy dependence might be placed) Ihould at alt times attend, and minute dovj^ <^ith the pfeii of integrity the fecret tranfatStions and deliberations. And I ordained that writers of the general council Should be appointed, and that they (hould relieve each other in the hall of the council, and that they fhould write down and prefervc full a«iid exafl: accounts of every matter and of every bufinefs which fhould be fettled and decermifled therein : and that 'all reprefentations nsade unto me, and all orders ifliied by me, and every matter which was debated in touncil, Ihould be written and in- f^ted in the narrsUive of my traofsfJv>iA>MJ Ix^' &J A-> -CjJ /j'-rM' Cw5J^ OUMJUA f»Jlti f;J>.A (^j;U>*» L-Tjj-J /J— iL^cj cXJ^ yJslsfc jL-STv^ :yX»lx*j (--^SkUa AJ j^j^' *>^ Jj^ J^ j\ y C^ Jj^ ^jiJvASkLo ^S=sl A^=. wXJl Joj J;lJvJ ^buD Ja^ (.^.t^kLo -J Aj cX^ JasL ^_j OF T I M O U R, 313 And of the tribe of Toughauee I appointed Book II. Aali Durvaifli to the ftation of Aajeer. ' "^ And of the tribe of Kipchauk.I raifed Ameer Saur Booghau to the dignity of Ameer. And of the tribe of Aurlaut I appointed Ameer Muviud (unto whom one of my fifters had been given in marriage) Ameer ul Omrau : and SuHauichee Ba- haudur of the fame tribe I made an Ameer. And of the tribe of Tautaur I raifed Kow- vung Khaun to the rank of Ameer j and the remaining twenty eight Ouyemauk, unto whom the Tumghau had not been given, I appointed commanders over their own tribes: that in times of war and of fervice they might attend in the field, and bring with them their horfemeny agreeably to the regulation. Rules concerning the conduct of servants towards their prince, and of the prince towards his servants. Be it known to every good fervant, that that which he expefteth from his own dependent, his prince alfo expedlcth from him. Let him not therefore be backward in his ferviccs j but let him know, that if bi« mailer be at firft well-inclined unto him, and after- wards -be ill-inclined unto him, he muft lay the fault and the confequence to himfelf and not to his mailer. He is a good fervant who attacheth him- felf unto his mailer, and doeth his duty through that attachmeat. Re On 514 INSTITUTES ^^.5^\i.b y^ t:iv»^ '^jJ tij<^=i^j c^jj iSj/ (Sj^ (^jMOJUt Ojjy **<^=^ "-^^^T* V^skbia (jii^tjAcL. ^j^l-cf A»L»j I; (jXojy jXJp Jj^ o'^j^= C^J-/ j'-^s' "^tJ J^J A— J y ^>^t >>>,,. M j, Jj wNaii, ■ *i III-' ^jl-^=*J »*!*» ^j.j| f»U <* p TIM O «U R. 315 On the fervant who is incapable of attach- Book 11. ment, and who harboureth refentment, contempt and '"-■"'"'' ignominy fhall moft certainly fall inconfequence of his evil qualities : but the profperity and the riches of th« faithful and affedtionate fervant ftiall be daily increafing. He is a good and faithful fervant who taketh not offence at the Alights or the reprimands of his prince, whp entertaineth not revenge in confequencc thereof; but taketh the faults of his mafle'r upon himfelf : fnch a ' fervant is worthy of the affedion and the kindnefs of his prince^ . The fervant whofe eye is fixed on the morfels and the fragments -f which fall from the table of his lord, will undoubtedly be negligent in the monien-t of trial. The fefvarflt who^ fwrgetfetli hi's duty in the hour of adlioa, and tumeth. his face fronx the foe of his prince i let the face of that fervant be feen no more. The fervant who in the hour of trial fearcheth after ejecuies j; and who- on \he day of enccrpr ifo demandeth his difmiflioiv and ^ who keepeth bis/ eye oa the means of retreat, and who transfereth till to-morrow the bufinefs of to-dayi ( thus BouTau and Timour Agh- kun a£led towards- i^,.andideiect!bd merin- 1^ Hlout of d^OM ger) let the names. of fuch fervants be held in contempt j and let them be delivered over to the Aitnighty. f i. e. A felf-interefted and avaricious fervant. R r 2 It 3i6 INSTITUTES Aj If tip. AX.il Jjjj JuJf Jy3 u:^j*Aj Jjj JO^j o^—fi: J J u^jC J J iXU£=5 *^iX» uCL^ jCi ^"^x* '^y^ u^.^ j%^ •X^fjUicLf C^.)l«B« vXiUj otAii. «Aa«oI U- >Ais . ^ j J& w\_A_Jlj' OF T I M O U R. 317 It behoveth the pr«icc not fpeedily to de- Book II. grade the fervant whom he hath exalted, not to pull down him whom his own hand hath raifed up. Let him not iaegle£t th^fe^hom he knoweth or remembereth. . And if it fliould chance that without caufc he put a good fervant to fliame, let him make, amends by conferring two-fold honour upon him : and let him refer that fervant to his own affedlion and fidelity : for if he harboureth hatred and revenge, according to his evil qua- lities ignominy fhall be his reward. But the fervant who by good. condu€b acquireth a place in the heart of his prince,, fhall profper in confequence thereof. If a fervant fpontaneouHy, or otherwife„ Separate himfeirfrom. his mafter, and if he afterwards turn back unto him, let that fervant be received with honour : fince, afhamed of his defertion, he returneth. again to his prince. Eve ry fervant who. was faithful to his prince, and who drew his fword on the fide of my enemy ; if fuch a man became my prifoner in battle, or if, hope- lefs of reward from the foe, he came in unto me and offered his fervices, I ordained that he fhould be re- ceived with honour and efleemj and that his fidelity^ fhould be acknowledged and relied on ; and that dignities fuperior to thofe, which he formerly pofTefTed, fhould be. conferred upon him» Thus 3i5 INS T I TUT E S- ^ V^ j\^ ji j\jH* j\^ (J^ b JS^»»*i ^I ^ C:^^.^ U^^j ^dj^ o^! t:;*^ AAjSfci^ ^^i^' ^* (j ^bt.jsj[j (jUJUt ^Uaav ^.^j^ r^,^'^ rlr^^' ^ j^j\) *Xi^»XI ol^ vJX«^X:L J J \j i^a:^** *»*o (j>jI JsJI OF T I M a UK 519 Thus Munguli Booghaa, and Hydur i?in- Book 11. dookhodee, and Ameer Aboo Saeed, on the part of Tu- gRuUuk Timour ithaun, oppofed and attacked me witfi fix ihoufand horfemen, on the banks of the water of Bul- lukh. Afterward*^ taking 6flence at the conduct of Tu-' ghtiUuk TkAouf, they fought pfrbtedrori from me > and I seeeived them with honoitr and eAeenft : awd I conferred upon them the provinces of Andijaun, and HyfTaur Shau- dumaun, and Tdopkiftaun. And I alSo ordained that the fervant of the foef who wa^ in the confidence of his mafler, and,, who in tinges of war and of fervice, vibrated t-he chain of ftietidffiip with the enemy of his prince; and who forgot the facred ties of lord and of fervant, and the fidelity due for the fait and the bread whi fereth his fervices, let him be received with kindnefs. Isr 320 INSTITUTE >S. l_u Ju jj/' !V*^ *^J JJliijSsjj Cioiil^^ CUiiSlj^ Jl ;ji*J -XiU ^jl;Ili_»M ASr'U^ ^y^^y3 (jjj^ 0>*_J J J f^j^ «3LyJi!cI (j;lj*»jl y »A*j (M-«j \j L-H^ oj^* yijL, ^^ Aj C^^^ C^ji; j' c^jy OF T I M O U R. 321, If a Vizzecr, or other- fcryant, through Book II. policy and defign, form an intimacy with his mafters foe; and endeavour, under the garb of that friendfliip» to pro- mote the intereft of his prince, ; let him be cftepmed amongft the wifeft and the beft of fervants and of friends. But if a fervant oppofe his mafters's intereft, and intrigue with the enemy, prefent fucha fervant as a gift to the foe. If a fervant fight valiantly and defeat his foe, let not the infinuations of the envious be heard to his prejudice j permit not his glory to be concealed, but let it be exhibited in ten-fold fplendor ; ^and let him be exalted to a fuperior ftation, that other fervants may be " infpired with a thirft for glory. I F a body of troops, or an Anaeer, defert their prince, and unite with the enemy, let them not again be admitted into his fervice. Thus the leaders of the forces of Kufh turned from me their faces, and united themfelves with Ameer Haujee Burlaus ; and after that I confided not in them. Whatever fervant, unto whom the go- vernment of a kingdbm (hall be trufted, who treache- roufly leagueth wijh the enemy, and delivereth that king- dom into the hands of the foej let him be put to death. But let the fervant, who defendeth and preferveth a king- dom, be raifed to a diftinguiftied and exalted rank. Sf Let 324 INSTITUTES (jL*»:^<,Xj .(^L*! ^^S ^i^j^ ^jLmX» ^2^-^i^v OvMj««^jr LJijfJi^ C^'jij aX±.^:^=^^ l^^^j '^^j^' ^f*^* (^Ueswi i^l^-hSc^ x)\jjjjl Isr^l ^;^|^ o>*=^ ^^^ i_sr^' o F T I M O U R. 32^ Let the Ameer, who in the hour of peril Book II. and diftrefs adhereth to his prince, and ftandcth firm in """^ the field of daughter, be confidered as a brother. Thus at the time when the forces of Kufh d^ferted my ftand- ^ ard, no one remained with me, or confented to fliare my fortunes, except Ameei; Jaukoo Burlausj and I afterwards efteemed Ameer Jaukoo as a beloved brother j and I ad- mitted him to a pai*icipation in my fortiMiesi aad I made him an Ameer ul Omrau ; and I conferred upon him the kingdoms of Bullukh and of Hiflaur. Regulations FOR my conduct and BEHAVIOUR BaTH TO FRIENDS A«D TO ENEMIES. O N the day on which I conquered th« kingdom of Tooraun, and mounted the throne o£ empire in the capital city of Summurkund, I conducted myfetf in the fame manner towards my enemies and my friends. The Ameers of Buddukhfhaun, and other Ameers of Ku- fhoonaut, both Toork and Tauche^k, who had done me injuries; and who had prad^ifed deceits ilrp&fi me; and who had drawn their fwords in oppofition unto me ; and ~ who were alarmed by the remembrance of their evil con- duct; when they fubmitted to my authority, J received them with fuch kindnefs and courtefy, that they blufhed at my generofity and goodnefs. And to every one, whom I had injared or diftreffed, I made compenfation ; and I balanced the xlif- S £ z trefles 324 INSTITUTES c\aXmaJ-J (j^.Xi»l ^^LyAJ* (_<*^'-'5 "-^^^ ^s^^J iAJJaJ *-^'^J llJV*'^ Ov^*-^ *^^'^^\j' '--'^*^ J' ^^=' •'^^^•wAi.Jr Asr'Ua. wXlXj AJuUa* ^jla. jjJl J jj Ju>t 3^J3 Jv^Jj OF T I M O U R. 3^5 treffes which he had fufFer,ed, by kindnefs and by gratui- Book II. ties; and by proper marks of my favour I conferred ho- '"""'^ nour upon him. : '. ^. But on the Anjeers- of the tribe§. of Sul- doze and of Jitteh I uttered execrations : for, having' exalted Kaubul^Shaah of the ]ine;of Chungazc to the dignity of Khaun, and fworn fidelity and friendship unto him, when they heard of my exaltation to the throne, they broke their faith, and their engagements, and, to flatter and to fbothe me, put hini to death. And to thofe who had envied my fortune, and who had endeavoured to fubvert my power, I con- duced . my felf with fuch kindnefs and generolity, that they were confounded at my g6odnefs» and funk under the fenfe of their awn «n worthiness. . - ^ And my friends who prefented themfelves before me, thofe who had ever afted4n fubmiflion to my will, I confidered as the partners of my fottune : and I regarded not the riches and the wealth which I conferred upon them. J For by experience it is known unto me, that he is a firm aitociate, who taketh not offence at the condudl of his friend j and who is the enemy of the enemy of his friend ; and who hefitateth not to hazard his life, when occafion ihall require. Thus certain of my Ameers followed my fort^ineieveii %o death ;^ nor did I with-hold from them aught which I had. And- 3^5 I N S T I T U T E S ^_^J lXI**j q^j jlJ^l^aJ j*!>^J J^ O^ Ojjj^ Jjjf oLm i^;»^. Qja. (•*>;^3 o*^ u^V^^' *|5 <> p- T I M O U R. i2f And tiy experience it was known unto me, Bookli. that a wife enemy is preferable to a fooliih frjend. Thus Ameer Hooflein, the grandfo^ of Ameer Kurgbun, was one of thofe foolifli friends : and the mifchiefs wllich m hh friendfhip he did Mjitp me, were fudh as no einemy would, do ia the excefs of his enmity. Ameer Khodaudaud once faid unto me, ** Watch thoa'thy enen^,*as thou woul^ft 'guard a ruby ** of luftre, or a Jewel of hi^. price : hut when thou *' meeteft with a ffone of Laukh, crufti him thereon un- ** til not one -particle of him remain. " ^ H E alfo; faid,^ ** When an enemy ffeeth ** unto thee for protedton,, and kneeleth before thee^ ** have compafiipa upon hin|>^ a&d i-eceiy6 him With kind- «* nefs." Thus I adled towai:ds Touktummifli Khaup. When he fled to me for fhelter, 1 treated, iiim, with ten- 4eriieis and hainanityi , o U: . .% vj '/o If an enemy^ after tafting of thy generofity. and bounty, return again to enmity, deliver him over to the juftice4?f the Almighty.. /^, ^ '..... ;....;__. tvJ.n.V. He is a true friend who taketli not offence at the-conduft of his friend j or if he <16thi is' willing to.' receive his acknowl,edMments, ■ - /^ „ REGULATIONS' d* '^PRECEJaENGSr '. JUiM^'di' OF ADMISSION TO THE IMPERIAL pRE«ENCE,. T nrdamed that my fon«, and~my grand-? 3uld, according to their -dif- ferente 328 INST I TUT E S OCL^j olj^i^^ oUU^j (j*^! ^I^_-A_^l^ oL''*Jj'^J l^jj=L. u-AJi^ (j^}^ o'^'^ oj'j o'^.'-^ J>L3 oW*''^ JJjI-^J {J^J^ I._;^ OlMiti .^^JIO .._ jJa 1; (^IxXa_J iJj'j^ JsAAAi**AJ C>u*il^ OumJ .^ ^Ja 'V^ ^-i?' ^y o^ y'^ ^ L-^jljyJ jijSifi^ f'lAsa^ oIamj — -JUigj JvJ^lJvi^lJj I^OkjpSh (^ta^ «AAmj ocitLwjt Oti; .^ywtt C^MjJ UjJt J^ j\^ A^j |-J^*^j_-«lj ur^ !;■ (j**^.sr»^ Qi*0 {J^j w---^ c-u*. Jj c-i—**.!!!- ^J^;!J-MJ• 'j^l owJf *J c3^ cXasJU aA,:^ ^^r!^J' «-^M^ jLiio lXLo, ^jf y aamjj j>Ay^ (3^' ^"^ ^^ '-^i^ o F T I M O U R. 331 throne ; and the receivers of petitions on the right and Book II. on the leftt »— v— • And that the foldiers in general^ and the imperial domeftics, fhould ftand in lines according to their degrees, and be attentive to keep in their proper ftations. And I commanded, that four Meer Tooz- zuk -j- fhould eftal^lifh and preferve order in the imperial affembly J before, and behind, and on the right, and on the left of the throne. A N D I commanded, When the aflembly was formed and regulated, that among the inferior people . a thoufand difhes of meat, and a thoufand loaves, fhould be diflributed ; and that a thoufand difhes of meat and a thoufand loaves fhould be brought into the imperial afTem- bly ; and that five hundred of that thoufand fhould be fent to the Ameers of tribes, and to the chiefs ; to each by his name, and by his title. REGULATIOiJS CONCERNING THE fe£- DUCTION OF KINGDOMS. If in any kingdom tyranny, and oppref- fioh, and iniquity fhall be predominant, it is the duty of a prince, from a regard to juftice and the law, to refolve on the expulfion and extirpation of the authors of that oppreffion and iniquity j and to aflaujt that kingdom. For Almighty God from the fame niotives will wreft that f , ReguUtors, maflers of the ceremonies. ^ T t z , king- 33* INSTITUTES aJJI (^ i.^sr'.U^ CiokSi)* oUj*i Jl j\^d ^^r (.^U *-5y5i Jj_^j Jl I; Al3 jl I; IJ^ c^l*J^j JiilJoi f»JlJ CdIs:"' JutWj ^ucklol J CiuLkLw Uc Aas^U aAJI C^lftX^d (^.aAmjJII vXajm OjA^aa* (^iJOlsa. vXjUCc Jl (jl A^--> OwmI L-»V^I« [; (j^aL-Xam JyL» j^ «' '■' A>J.£ juuci Jl i;uau o^ (J'^b «-^>^/"j=:***^ i>^^J ovX»r J J (•Li. OiXly^ ^j*o Asr'Usj. Jujjf JL> ^jU*jl Jo ^•iAaJLw; Ij*wJ IjJl'^.-'J i^'j^aJ JUucI vX» «S>> C^cL^ ji^!::LL*j Jjsk ,Iala. cil^* (ji»AJ Ij yd ("J-J jlXJ, Cu*^ J yiiUX^s. •*• 5 T I M O U R. 335 cf Khoraufaun, Sooltaun Gheeaus u deen came forth unta Book II. me, and he delivered the treafures, and the wealth, and the kingdom into my hands. And in every kingdom, where herefy and fchifm fliall abound, and where the inhabitants of that country, both foldiers and fubjedts, fhall be divided into ' different parties and. fadlions, the deftrudtion of that king- dom is at hand; and it is the duty of a victorious monarch to invade that country. ThUs I purified the kingdoms of Fauris and Erauk a Ajjum from the exiftence of the ac- curfed heretics ; and I overturned the leader* of the fac- tions, tvho had each of them elevated the flandard of power, throughout ^thofe territories, and I delivered the fervants of God from their tyranny and oppreffions.. And m every kingdom, where the articles of the faith of the inhabitants thereof fhall be altered from thofe of the defcendants of the prince of the pro- pHets> (on whom be the bleffing.of Almighty God) it is the duty of an Emperor to reduce that Kingdom, and^ to bring back the inhabitants thereof from their ^vil tenets. Thus I entered the kingdom of Shaum, and punifhed all thofe who held pernicious doctrines.. Wh e n I firft entered upon the reditdtion of kingdoms, I firmly adhered t6 four certain maxims. First, in thofe things which appertain to the acquifition of dominions, I adted from deep delibera^ tion,. and from mature counfel. SECONDI-yjK 336 INSTJTUTES ^Ulaj^L^j JUtJl CUw;Jj ^S^\j f*JJ^^Lr(^^_jJJ (*J^y» ^js-ou j^Ssjta* oJ-Ss OjAj*i (J^AAfit ^l(3j«o f*<^r*' *^^T^3 Jk^oam f*4AMj jjUji ^j ^jUm.i^ ^Ui (3*^ j^ ^]}fj ly^^j Jo'(^&J ^jJ U5 (jt^vJ (.3^^^ U?^ <5J^w\iJ*J AaJtv* ^v)j ^iJv^y ^f^/i Ijjj^l j^^ 0^ ij^jo \^j^ ^ j^j r Jy jLc3 (^y ^^y cLO* o F T I M O U H. 337 Secondly, I ufed reflcdtion, and caution, Bookll. and circumfpedion, that I might not err in execution. And fuch was the favour of the. Almighty, that every determination which I formed, proved in the end jijdi-' cious and fuccefsful. I informed myfelf of the difpofi- , tions and genius of the natives of every country j and I ' accommodated myfelf to their prejudices in the appoint- ment of their governors. Thirdly, I united unto myfelf three hundred and thirteen refolute men, of nobility, of bra- very, and of wifdom j and fo firmly were they united, that the whole,, it might be faid, were as one perfon : and their refolutions, and their anions, and their declarations were the fame. When they faid, " We will do thus," they did it : for until' they had concluded the enterprife on which they had determined, they Withdrew not their hands therefrom. Fourthly, I poftponed not till to- morrow the bufmefs of to-day. When lenity was necef- fary, I afted with lenity;. and in the hour of feverity I was fevere. At the time when delay was policy, I adled not with precipitation j and when expedition was necef- fary, I was not guilty of delay : and the bufmefs which could be concluded byaddrefs and negotiation, I com-, mitted not to the fword. U u 'The 338 INSTITUTES oUjU:^ jJ &j ^-t^ /»^^ L5^- ^J"^^ OwA^ f^f^ J*J f^^Jfr'' o^**^^' o^^ Jo*JyS=3 j^y^jJ ^^^ aS=? J^ a£=j *amJ|J oJI; f'fj^ IJU*:jI wNJJ-/ C^<-\» (j«v> o p T I M O U R. 339 The day I paft in examining the difficul- Book II. ties of conqueft with wife and experienced men j and in the night when I laid myfelf down in the chamber of re- pofe, I deliberated on the execution of my refolutions, and I formed the. plan on which they were to be con- du(H;ed. A N D I myfelf refledted on the meafures I ihould purfue in the redudlion of kingdoms ; how I fhould advance, and which way I Should retreat. And I alfo confidered thofe things which Cbncerned my foldiers, whom I fhould encourage and reward, and whom I fhould order upon fervice j that I might not err in my refolves. And I exerted forefight and circum^edlion in every tranf- adtion. And the leaders of my foldiers who attached themfelves unto me, I treated with kindnefs and diftinc- tion ; and I condufted myfelf with fceming attention to- wards thofe who were my enemies. And I confidered as bafe-born thofe on whom I had conferred favours, and who, for the good which they had received, returned evil. For it is the proverb of the prophet of the Creator of men and angels, •That the' bafe-born will not depart from the world, * until he hath deceived and injured his patron, and be-' « nefaftor.' j;j_ My venerable Peer wrote unto me, faying, ** It is thy duty to a6t in obedience to the commands of « thy God and the prophet of thy God, and to protedt U u 2 ** a»d 340 I N S T I T U T E S /Jjtj >)^3J4 JvJL« Cs^'t' t*^^^ OXe w\J! Aaa^3 A^s * Js_Jl — y_-J Jl^ff[j A-s:^^ Jljul a£=» C^i^l l^j !j JJd ^Ij'Ij tj>^ jj'Ou (^iJsff a£=} vX\Xa<« J1 (jf ^ tX^ Jlc ^J I; JLi; C^Uj t^jioj oJl^ O^.' "^^-^ j*^ *^ C5****iJ 1*^ *^=' ^■^-^***J^ (^«Jr v^J i===^=* obuf J^i^jf JoiA> i::^j:J J,I JJf ^ ■- •^ J ^]jLJjj {j}iXi)j cNaJ AJ j; Oy-cs^j A_-JL-j*)ij jUsj^ AAJ^ U^ ,ts:» o^j r** *^jy Lp^/j o l^. o F T I M O U R. 341 ** and affift the defcendants and pofterity of that holy Book II. •* meflenger. ' *— v^J " And thofe princes who feed on the boun- «< ties of the Creator, and yet rebel againft their God and ** his prophet, thou fhalt drive out from the kingdoms of ** the Lord. And thou fhalt adt with juftice in the land ** of thy Creator : for it is faid. That dominion may be *• continued to the infidel j but that to the tyrant it fhall ** not be continued. ** And it is thy duty to root out from the *' country of. God all pollutions and abominations ; for ** evil practices have that efFedt on the world, which pep- ** nicious aliment hath on the human body. Obliterate ** every veflige of cruelty and oppreffion. ** And afcribe not the continued profpe- •* rity of the tyrant in this world to the merits of the «* tyrant : for the eaufe of the long duration of the power «* of the wicked and the oppreflbrs is this, that they may ** bring forth into adtion all the wickednefs and all the *« crimes which they have treafured up in their hearts, «* and then be overtaken by the wrath and indignation of " Almighty God. "It fhall fbmetimes come ta pafs, that ** the omnipotence of the Creator fhall at once chaflize "the cruel, and the wicked, and the impious, with a ** variety of punifhments i by chains,, and by prifbns ; " and by defolation, and by famine, and by hunger ; .by - «* an univerfal peflilenee, and by fudden death ; and by " unforefeen deflruftion. Andc 34a INSTITUTES jJCuj Ux-j'lj Us^ a£» vXi.b ol£=j JjsL. bj C^jy IflXijj ^_^Xj u^-s:*^ (Jf^J A^AJo^ JJo vXm^j^ (^Lsfclij ^jUuwUj ^jl^LJo a£= *^J^ y:.^-j ijUol c^TfXj Js^;^ j^^'^^v-;' jj=v^ (JHb c^Us y is^ Ji^Im a£» OvmmjI^ o^'^^ ^ ouMjfJ ^:^/ c^M ^^v^ ^Xiy. Jili ^^e^r y:^. c^ jf ;i ^^j.:^. tuNi. Ov^j ^}-r^<-^ ^^:^^j{J j^'Ls*** ol^Juj OF T I M U R. J43 •' And it (hall fometimes come to pafs, Bookll. " that the juft, and the religious^ and the virtuous, and ' ""^ " the innocent fhall be overtaken and involved in the ca- '** lamities of the evil doers. For the fire, wrhich falleth " in the wildernefs of reeds, cpnfumeth both the green «* and the dry. ** And be not fUfprfzed at the profperity •* and the fuccefs of the impious, and the wicked, and ** the infidel, and the tyrant. And efr not in thy conclu- "fions, and fay not unto thyfelf. The good things of ** the wicked, and of the impious men, and of the tyrant ** are increafed unto them j although in wickednefs, and ** in tyranny, ami in impiety they daily increafe. ** T H o u oughteff firft to underftand the •» caufe of their Increatfing profperity. For th€ caofe is, ** that perhaps! ( refledtitig on the bounties of their true ** benefadtor) they may turn back from their wickednefs ** and oppreffions, and be grateful for the favours which .** they receive. ^ "But if they negleft to pay the tribute «* of gratitude to their God, and return not back to the 4iholy gate, arid if they fofget the bouiities of their *' Creator, and the pFopbet of their Creator^ they (hall in '* the end be overtaken by the anger and the vengance o€ " the omnipotent chaftifer." When the letter of my venerable Peer came to my hands, I wrefted from the grafp oi the op- preflbrst 344 INSTITUTES b^.W O"/!; *^JJJ "J^i^^J r^>r' C'/^Lj f^l^^' fl>tj:Lt CXXXy.« Jl Ij (jUwaJ Juj >>'j^!^ o'^"^ (*^j^^ y!j Jii. J^fik Jl (•Jo a£=» . X— t^lJOTJj Ji3;ilJs^Uj [•Jl J Jl-^yUl A^Jtc V^lj^ \j ^ 3i-)£ yl^rslj JvJ;1u\^3 Jio (j^jlaj JujglJ lyj^ lJX« j^ ^J cJIvAc v[^I^ OF T I M D U R. 345 prcffors and the infidels, and froni the feditlaus, and the Bookir. wicked, and the impious, the lands of the Lord : and I girded up my loins to extirpate and deftroy them. Regulations concerning xme go- vernment OF CONQUEREB KINGDOMS. I N every kingdom which I conquered, I refpefted thofe who were worthy of rcfpe<3:, and I vene- rated and honoured the pofterity of the profJaet, and the theologians, and th« learned, and the holy men ; and I conferred upon them ellates, and ^niions, ^nd appoint- ments. iVnd I confidered ithe powerful and ,^e opulent fif that country as my brethren i and as my children, the poor and the helplefs infants thereof. And l^e fdldiers of that kingdom I admit- ted to'flay pre&nc^i and 'I Coothed -and encouraged the<* je(%s j and I kept both ^e one and the other fufpended between hope and fear. And to the good of every country I did good i and I expelled from my kingdoms the vici- ous, and the v^idked, and the \&ditious. T^E bafe and the.abje^.I confined \yithin their proper bounds ; and I permitted them not, to exceed the limits prcfcribfid them. And on the cobles ;and the grand^s I conferred ^preerni^nee by 9x;alted dignities ; and I threw open the portals of equity and juftice in every ^country j -and I clo&d up the avenues to, cruelty and op- prefilon. X X And J46 INSTITUTES ('■^v' W:^ p'A'J jJ| t)>'«^^ <-^^ Jtil^ \jl^j j^ jO \j {j[;if oj^j O^S^ ^^IjsLK UXo ^ jjm/" JS Jl A-sHl^ c\&b ot^j Ov^S; ^jU^Uj A^=» r^j> OP T I M O U R.^ 347 And every kingdom _whjch I reduced, I Book II. gave back the government of that kingdom to the prince ^""""^ thereof; and I bound him in the chains of kindn'cfs and generofity ; and I drew unto me his obedience and fub- miffion. The refradtory I overcame by their own devices ? and I appointed over them a vigorous, and fagacibiiSi and upright governor. And I commanded that the thieves and the high-way robbers^ of every country fliould be put to death ; and that the feditious, and the vicious, and the profligate fhould be baniflied from the realm; and that vagrants and buffoons fhould not be permitted to relide in the cities or in the country ; And that a magiflrate fhould be appointed in every city and in every town, who fhould watch over the condu^ of the foldier and the fubjedl j and that he (faould be accountable for every thing that was flolen. An D I ordered that guards fhould be fla- tioned at the entrance of the roads ; and that they fhould watch and defend th« roads and the ftages ; and coodufb ' in fafety from flage to flage the merchandize;, and the effe&St and the property of the merchant and the traveller; and that if any lofs or deficiency fhould be found therein, that they fhould be anfwerable for the value thereof. Xx 2 An'3$ 348. I N S T I T I!J T E S jf c^Oj> ^j=* o^***^-* ^:*:^ o^'^'^j u^;^, v'-i;^ JVJwLXj' Ot^j!^ j\jAi^J Ol.}^ ^yU^»t*MJ ^^L*J3J|X»« JljjSi (^^-~SL±g^ j-§i jUlcf ^j^f ^v^ >>t^j (j^yjj (^»^K>.^ j^ ^ aT f a^- ^i [ j\ A^=> «Xv.l^ ^jjv*i'. gjM*^* ^^ ^j^^J. ^jf^J; or TIMOXIR.^ 3495 A M o J commanded that the governors Book li. ihould not prefume to punlfh or opprefs any one of the '""^'"~' inhabitants of the towns or the cities under their jurifdic- tion, on the agcufation (or information) of the malevo-* lent, and the profligate and the felf-intereftcd i but that after convi(9rion, according to the four institutions, a fine (hould be levied on the guilty peribn in propor- tion to the nuiGiemeanour^ A N D I ordained that the poll-tax and the hottfe-tax fhould not be levied on any, town,, or on any city whatever ;. and that no one of the foldiers fhould prefume to enter by force the dwelling of a civil inhabi- tant, or to &ize on the cattle,, or l^e property^ of the iulycdt > And that m every concern of the inhabi- tants of every country, the governors thereof fhould in their conduct keep withia the limits of ec^uity and juilice. And X ordained that iubiiftenc£ (hould be a^lQwed to (h^ mendicants of every kingdomj». that the practice of beg- . ing might be abolifhed^ 1 Regulations for the obtaining; intelligencb and information of- the s,tate 0f the empire, and of the provincbs,' attd or^ the sqxpiers, and op the ^ubj.^'cjs. : .; .j'.. I ordained that on every frontier,, and in every countpf, and in every city>, and fn every camp a writer of intelligence fhould be eftabliihed; ai4 that each 35© INSTITUTES jXiJj jp* jXsJj oUwaj s:^i^j f'^ J^Lj J^^^ ^UtLySfc* Ij;;^*!^! Jblilj (JL^Ij AjLj^ f^jJia^Mj L-Oly-j j\yH ojl^ ^ ^1^ lXJ ASa (^^ j,\^ ®^^. J** j!i*j o^j*^ ^^^j-j *f Ai^ iXicXxiLw^ -ci. {^j^ fuXjSj f^lc (^lAMJ«vXy& jft==^ Jui.^; ^ ^W» ^ \:;-!l ci^ OF T I M O U R. 155 the defigns of the ©eighhouring princes j and that they Book II. fhould return unto the prefence, and give me information thereof, that I might provide the remedy befoi* the*lvil arrived. Thus I received intelligence of the defeat of Touktummifti Khaun by Auroos Khaiin. I knew that Touktummifh Khaun vsroold fly fot ptatt&ibh unto me -, and I made the ntcdfl&ry preparations to fuppott Tovrft- tummifh, and to vsrage war with Auroos. Trftfs at the time that I Was abOut to un- dertake the redudlibili of the ets^ke of Hitidoj^aun, iit- formation was brought unto me, that independent princes and chiefs were fealed On the throne of government in evtty quarter of thofe dOJninions j Thus, that Saurung, the brother of Mulloo Khaun, had elevated the Aandard of power in the Ijmd of Mooltaun ; and that in Dehli Sooltaun Muhmood Khaun had eredted the etiCiga of authoHty j and that ih the territories of Lauhore Mulloo Khaun had drawn to- gether a numerous army ; and that Mubbauruk Khaun had afpired to the regal title in the kibgdom ef Kunnouj; and that in every province of the provinces of Hindoftauii fome one had aflumed the fCgal dignity. WhSm I received this J»ibfnlatiQ4», the xonqueft of that empire appeared eafy in my fight i but in the eyes Sf my fdldlers it was an undertaking of diffi- cult^ , * Y y Thus, 354 IN S T I T:U T E S.. v\if oJ-T axAjj rJ'^l v)Js« o,vX«r »XiJui*lj OjAols::* ji A "Si >M 4jl— *i_l3^__A.y_J JJ^IxaCJ .LJTLm LJ%J--J ti/jf oUjj Jv.i*lj CiiXiy^ (^r ji3 a£= /^Ut*i J J^jSzs l/J^*^ o'' o''^^^^^ 'v.^^J Jsa^J C^ta*^ vXJjUi ^=>y vXv.1^ c:^lflilsr« C^jiV^'j o,Lcj JOLSj e>Ji^^ Jf OF T I M O U R. 355 Thus, when I had fubdued the empire of Book II. Hind, I received intelligence that the Keefur of Room had ravaged certain of my provinces j and that the natives of Goorjiftaun, exceieding their proper limits, had advan- ced to certain caftles which were befieged by my forfces ; ^ and that they had given fuccour to the inhabitants of thofe caflles. And I reflefted with myfelf, that if I tar- ried longer in the empire of Hindoftaun, diforders would arife in the kingdom of Eraun. Having fettled the affairs of the empire of Hind, I returned from thence with fpeed. And I halted for a few days in Mauwur u Nuhur j and from thence I proceeded towards Room and Goor- jiftaiin j and I conquered the whole of that extenfive empire. Regulations concerning the con- duct TO be observed towards the natives, AND THE INHABITANTS, OF EVERY COUNTRY. An D OF THE ESTABLISHMENTS OF THE SHRINES OP THE SAINTS, AND OF THE FATHERS OF THE HOLY RELI- GION, And of the gifts and pious donations. I ordained, in every kingdom which fliould > be fubdued, that the warrior of that kingdorh who fub- mitted unto me (hould be received into my fervipe i and that the fubjeds and the inhabitants of that country fliould be protefted from injuries, and from flaughter, and from rapine, and from flavery ; Y y 2 And 356 IN 3 TIT U T E S jI&Ji^ JLd-Sj ^•LJS^^ lv^_^ OljUj I jubj Jsa^>J*»j C^j^ ^^^^JJ ^^^^jj-ti^ ^y j*^ jfcs^*^ o F T I M O U R. 3^7 Anp that their eiFefts and their property Book II. fliQuld be prote£led from ravage and from plunder ? and that the fpoils which had been gathered from that coua-^ try fliould be taken front the (poilers ; And that the pofterity of the prophet, and the theologians, and the holy and the learned men, and the nobles and the grandees fhould be treated with honour and refpeftj and that the chiefs,, and the kadlng. men,. and the principal men of the towns and the villages, and thofe who followed agriculture, Hiould be protected and encouraged ;. And that the fubje«Sts in general fhould be kept ftt(pended between hope and fear ; and ^at when guslty ef a crunej, tbey fhould he fined in propoctiAOL to ^e offence,, and to their ability. And I, ordained ^t tO' the pofteirity of ^e prophet, and to the theologians, and to the learned, and to the holy men, and' to the £etigiDUS> and to the re- clufe in every country which fhould come under my dbminiiony lands, and penfions, and- appointments fhould be granted y and that fubfiflence and fupport fhould be allowed to the poor, and to the helplefs,, and to the in- digent i and that- to the teachers, and to. the learned in religion falaries fhould be granted ;; A.N D that for the fiipport of th« fhrlnes^ and the fepulchres of the faints, and the fathers of the holy- 358 INSTITUTES JLsro Aa.j aUI f^ uJlL ,^5-jI ^:;>Jl (__5^ o^*V ^'tt* iw^^J l;*^^ »w>=^ ».._?— ^J I^Qw^ ^.2» (_)l.^r*« c-ojjj aX^3 ^^^^ Ls**i^* ^l''/* v^ OF T I M O U R. 359 ,holy religion, lands fJiouW be appointed -, and that car- BookiL pets, and food, and lamps fhould be allowed to thofe who refided therein: And firft, that for the holy fhrine of the commander of the faithful, the king of men, Aali -f", the the fon of Aboo Taulib (on whom be the favour of Gqd) the diftrifts of Biikhf and Jilleh fliould be afligned; And that for the pure (brine of the Imaum Hooffein (whom the Almighty reward) and for the flirine of the mirror of the faints. Sheikh Abdulkaudir ; and for the ftirine of the great Imaum Aboo Khunneefeh. (the •mercy of God be upon him) and for the fepulchres of the other faints, and fathers, and diftinguifhed men of the holy religion, who refled from their labours in the city of Bughdaud > that for each of them, according to their dignities, the lands and the villages of Kurbullau and of Bttghdaud, and other diftridts (hould be afligned ; And that for the fupport of the holy ffirines of Imaum Moofi Kauzim, and Imaum Mahum- mud Nukki, and Soolamaun Faurfi» the fertile lands ©f Juzzauir and other cities (hould be granted j And that for the lupport of the facred fe- pulchres of Imaum Aalj, the fon of Moofi, the lands of Kutteh Buft, and the environs of the city of Toos fliould be afligned; and that carpets,, and lamps, and -k The fourth Khalif,, and fon-in-law to the Mahummudan lawgives^ dail;^ 36o INSTITUTES O^.M *C^1«>^=> 1-3V j\ J\XJ ^=»lj JojIkm ^Ja j-J ■ "' ' Ov^ j^r"> (^^ OvaAy-o ^1 laA^ ^'iJUj C^,,j^,*^j UCO-^ ^J-Jj^j (J-*^ OF T I M O U R. '361 daily bread fliould be allowed to the religious j and that Book II. benefadions and gifts ihould be granted for the fepulchres and the Maufoleums of each of the faints of Eraun and o| Tooraun. And I ordained that, in every kingdom which ihould be conquered, the mendicants of that coun-. try (hould be gathered together ; and that fubfiflence and daily bread fhould be allowed unto them i and that they Hiould be made penfioners and beg no more. And if after they were made penlioners they continued the praftice of afking alm^s, I commanded that they (hould be fold into foreign countries, or expelled from the realm : that the race of beggars might become extindt in my domi- nions. Regulations concerning the col- lection OF^ THE REVENUES AND THE TAXES FROM THE SUBJECTS j AND THE ORDER AND THE AR- RANGEMENT OF THE provinces'; AND THE CULTI- VATION, AND THE POPULATION, AND THE GOVERN- MENT, AND THE POLICE OF THE EMPIRE. I ordained that the revenues and the taxes £hould be collefied in fuch a manner, as might not be produditive of ruin to the fubjeu/j^ ^^ J C^ J^b*^ ^a.j «^jA^ '■^bJ A^ L/ »^^>> *cjyi^ c^!;' Jj^ A=r'L^ c^t^vCjj Aas=!>. «J cXmU /^J^r (jf cjtafllia* ^^^U "■^'v* ^^!^ r J* (3^!^ b-^^^^j*** ^^*^2». aXc Asr'l wXj^Li /^l^f OP TIMOUR, 3^3 And I ordained that, in every country Book II. that (hould be fubdued (to the inhabitants of which char- ters of fafety and fecurity from dangers fbould be granted) the produce and the revenue of that country ihould be inipedted 3 If the fubjefts were fatisfied with the old and eftabliflied taxes, that thofe taxes fliould be confir- med, agreeably to ^e wi^es of the fubjefts; or if not, that they,fliouId be determined according to the regu- lation. And I ordained that the duties fhould be determined in proportion to the produce of the cultivated Jands ; and that the taxes on the poduce of thofe ianijs Should be adixed and afcertained i Thus firft, that the cultivated grounds of the fubjedl, which fhould be made fertile by the water of canals, or by fprings, or rivulets, or rivers (if thofe waters flowed perpetually and continually) fliould be fuperinten- -ded by the officers of the crown ; and that of the amount of the produce o£ thofe grounds, two thirds fhould be allowed to the pofTefTor thereof, and one third be paid into the royal ti^afury i And if the fubjeft fhould confent to pay the tax for the ireflridted lands in fpcde, that for the grain due to the treafiiry the fum fhould be fixed on the fubjeia trccOrdini; to the current price of the grain ; and that cor- refponding to the current price of the grain, the money fliould be paid to the foldiers ; f + If the price of grain was low the foldiers pay was lefs, if high, it was more : that is to fay, it was always exadily proportioned to the value 364 I N S*T I T U T E S ^r^r" O^J O'b ^J '-^ ^y^ i^b) o^j^ ^^D oJLJ JLJL-S-o J^i \j^yyj£s iSj\jj-<^ Jy*J (^_^b- iSjt^ f^jj /»'*'' ^^ j^^ ^-^'-^^ AiLa! (^r jj aaXS t *:* *^' jO' T-:?T-^S*^ *^U *^^,'-r' VV!tt* «-XwjIj Ol\m* t A Juireeb is a certain land-meafuri^a as our acre« Q Fi TIM O.U R. ^65 And if the fiibjed fliould not be fatlsfied Bookll. with the mode of colleaion, and with the partition of ^"'^'^ the general produce into three parts, that the reftrided lands fhould be divided, into ftrll, and fecond, and third Jurreeb ; f that the produce of the firft Jurreeb fhould be eftimated at three loads, and the produce of the fecond Jurreeb at two loads, and the produce of the third Jur- reeb at one load ; and that half thereof fhould be efli- mated as wheat, and half thereof as barley j and that of the total amount one half of the produce fhould. be colle£led i And if the fubjeft, notwithflanding this^ fhould be unwilling to pay the tax in kind, that the value of a load of wheat fhould be fixed at five Mifkauls of filver, and the value of a load of barley at two and a half Mifkauls of filver j and, that the duty of the Kel- laah :{: fhould be exadted over and above :. but that nopght elfe fhould be demanded of the fubjedi: under any pretext or denomination whatever ;. And that the refl of the laniis of the huf- bandman, thofe which produced in th& autumn, and in the fpring, and in the fummer, and in the winter i and the lands which, depended on the rain for fertility, fhould be divided into Jurreebe ; and that of the produce of thofp which were numbered, a third or a fourth fhould be coj- leded; X What this duty is, is unknown to the tranilator. AnJ3» 365 I N S T I T U T E-S ^jIvMj cjI^> ^Uj a-s/^ ji^ J^J jy^d j-jlj^ Cjs*!r*J !;=^ wj^j -e^-^'O 2r^'^j jjiiJ ^5*^!^ '-^^V^ J^Lj AJJyf jjnyju *J«A3 cKr*^' *i^AjL^* Js^ JjJ^ Ciw** 45LJ Jj*flsr« Q_ya^ ^^.WJ J)^^' ^^^j J'-* ^^^^J j-i jlSs *>JjASsaJ Ji« ;:>=^=**'j »^=as:^ Oo^-dS. *l — X'--3r» jr6 OP T IM O- U R,. 367 And that the duties on the herbs,, and on Book ll. the fruits, and on all the other produdtions of the coun- ^"^ "* try^ and on the refervoirs of water,, and on the com- ' mons,, and on the paflusi? lands £hfiuld he. fixed and d&^ termined according to the ancient and eftablifhcd prac» tices : and if the fubjeflr fhould not be content therewith, that the coUe&ion& fhould h& fettled according to the Hull and Bood. "j- And I ordained that, before the tiqae of the gathering in the grain> the taxes fhould not be de- manded i. and, when the period of the h^vefl: arrived, tha£ they fhould be colledted at three different times ; A N D if the fubjeft paid the royal dues fpontaneoufly, that a tax-gatherer fhould not be appointed over him j and if there fhould be occafion for a tax-ga^ therer,^ that he fhould levy the duties by threata and by authority ^ but that he fhould not make ufe of the cud- gel, and the cord, and the fcourge ; nor prefiune to con^ &ne the ljjh}e€t in fetors and in c]iaans» A N D- I ordained, whoever undertook the cultivation of wafle lands,, or built an aquedudt, or made a canal, or planted a grove, or reflored to culture, a deferted diflrid:, that in the firft year nothing fhould be taken from him, and that in the fecond year whatever the fubje£b voluntarily offered fhould be received, and that in the third year the duties fhould be eoUet^ed according to the REGULATION. t This regulation is not underfiood by the tranJIator. 368 INSTITUTES J^U ocW, CUacj ojJ, ^j aS=, (^(ya. jfJJU J^g a;:-AI J v.-ji4.L». ^^j9*yj ^}-r^ ^j^ bvlj^ c^'^j ^J^ c^jW- ' •% u .. ' OP TIMOUR. 169 And I ordained, that if the rich and the Book II. powerful fhould opprefs the poorer fubjedl, and injure or deftroy his property, an equivalent for the damage fuf- tairied ftiould be levied on the rich oppreflbr, and be de- livered to the injured perfon i that he might be reftcred to his former eftate : And that all ruined lands which lay un- cultivated (if there were no owners to thofe lands) fhould be annexed to the crown. And if there were owners, and thofe owners were reduced to diftrefs, I or4aiB€d that the: neceflary fupplies fhould he granted u^to them, that they might cultivate their lands anew. And I commanded that the ruined bridges fhould be repairedi and that bridgesilkOiiM be conftrCl^ted over the rivulets and over the rivers ; and that on the roads, at the diftance of one ftage from each other, Kau- ruvvaufifdrai -f- fliould be eretatedj and tibat guards and watchmen fhould , be. ft^tioned? on the road j and that in every Kauruvvaunfurai people fhould be appointed to re- fide ; and that the watching and the guarding of thi roads fhould appertain pnto them : and that thofe guards fhould be anfwerable foir whatever fhould be flolen on the roads from the twjwa^y travdkr. ^ '4 A N D I ordained that in every town and ia every city a mofque, and a fchopU and a monaflery, t Buildings for the reception of travellers. A a a and 370 INSTITUTES^ ^^Lo-« ^-^^^i C^UiiiivJI ^fJj (^^=li*i« v^^ ^'y L5^^" *"'^W-' ii^-iV^ O^^*^ A^ oU,*! C^ly jr (-jJ ^jjj «JNJ;IJ L^^JJa X^^ ^^^t^9 OiAamji^ /*-^^ ^^ Jl^f IflXufl^ (j^f^—^ ^"^W cK'^'-=^ °^VJ OvX*jij j^!^ o F T I M O U R. J7I and an alms houfe for the poor and the Indigent, and an Book II. hofpital for the fick and infirm fhould be founded j and ''"'^~~' that a phyfician fhould receive a falary, and fhould be ap- pointe4 to attend the hofpital : and that in every city a governtment- houfe, and a court for the admini'flration of juftice fhould be built : and that fuperintendants fhould be appointed to watch over the cultivated lands, and over the hufbandmen. And I ordained that in every country three Vizzeers fhould be ftationed. The first for the fub- jeft. To keep a regular account of the taxes and the duties received, and what fums, and to what amount, were paid in by the fubjeft, and under what denomination, and on what account ; and to preferve an exadt flatement of the whole. The second for the foldier. To take ac- count of the fums paid to the troops, and of the' fums remaining due unto them. The third. To take poffeflion of the Am- waul a Ghauibi,-!- and of the cufloms oh the comers and on the goers ; and of the revenues of the Baudi and the Huv- vaui i and to take poffeffion of the effe&s of thofe who ihould become infane, and of thofe who died inteflate, and of thofe who fufFered by the laws. And he was to take poffeffion of*«hofe effeds with the approbation of the magiflrate and of the ecclefiaflical judge. + The effe£ls of pA>ple loft, or abfconded. A aa 2 And 372 ~ INSTITUTES «X«I Jj cKAsf jOt* (_)cXa»* Oi^ASa. ^^SjlJi jl J-M* (j-B'^l jA^I L-VASfc ^J^^ JVjiiU J»^=9 jN MJ jij- vJ-j'/* J^ *^^ j>r*^ J^^j-{ (J-fJ OF T I UiO URj 3y^„ An d I commanded that the property of Bookll. the deceafed fliould be reftored to the lawful heir; and *■"" — ' if there fliould be no heir, that it fhould be expended in pieus ufes, or be fen t to the koly city of Meccsi, Regulations of war: for entering into and retiring from the field of battle; and for forming the line; and for defeat- ing armies. I ordained, if the enemy exceeded not twelve thoufand cavalry, that an Ameer ul Omrau fliould com- mand the oppofing army : and that twdve thoufand horfe- * men of the Oayemauk, and the Toeiliaun 5 alfp Miflgbau- fhee, and Euzbaufliee, and Ounbaqfhee Ameers^ fliould be placed under his command : And that he fliould advMce to within the diftance of one day's march from the enemy, and that he fliould halt oppofite unto them, and fend me informa- tion thereof. And I commanded that thofe twelve thou- fand horfe fliould be formed in nine divifions after this manner: The main body one divtfiori, and; the right wing three diviflons, and the left wing three divi^flopSj and thp. advanced guard one divifion, and the advanced guard of the advanced guard one divifioo : ' ' 'r > , A N D that the right wing fliould confifl: of its own advanced- guard, and its right and its left, divi- fions i and that the left wing ihould a|fo c'onfift of its own advanced guard, and of its right and its left divifions. Andv 374 INSTITUTES t/^ fjss oj^- ^ijii Uj_5j jsa.g ,c^!;r ,_5-^ wXA_il >^aS «;UJI -tJ <3UxM Jd-J (^)5S^ a£s r^'^.^v^ r'L) tXj; 1(^*1 (jjjw 49uJl£=3 yVA^=3J JvaAj o;ijlj t UHah dckhur, God is great. J^i? OF T I M O U B.. 375 And I ordered that the general fhould Book 11. attend to four particulars in his choice of the field of ^"^'"^ battle. — First, the water thereof. — And secondly, the ftrength of the ground, that his flanks and his rear inight be covered. — And thirdly, that his fituation be more elevated than the fituation of the enemy ; jan4 that the fun be not in his front, that the glare thereof dazzle hot the eyes of his troops. — Fourthly, that the ground before his lines be extenfive and open. > ,~ And I commanded that the army fhould be marfhalled, and the line be formed on the day prece-- ding the adtion j and that (the forces being ranged in order of battle) they fhould march towards the enemy i and that they fhould not turn the heads of their horfes from the direftion in which they were advancing i that they fhould neither incline to the left nor to the right. And when the eyes of the army fell upon the forces of the enemy, I ordered that they fhould utter a great fhout, and repeat the Tuckbeer -f .with a loud voice. And I commanded, if the Auriz J of the army faw that the leader thereof was deficient in his duty, that he fliould deprive him of his command, and appoint another in his place j and that he fhould open and com- municate to the Ameers and to the foldiers the order which I had delivered unto him for that purpofe. % A fort of field-deputy, appointed to obferve the condufl of the com- mander in chief. And 376 I N S T I T U T E S; JjlJj IJIiWnjI OcLLj .&>«JW3 ^^29 V^j9j| I; oImh <. ■ */ *" , 6 F Tri. M O U BL. |7y .^ND I ordained. thaC. the general qf ih,e Book II. army fhould, in cqnjunftion with the Auriz, reconnoitre '""""^ the numbers of the foe; and that he fhould compare his chiefs with th-ofe of the enemy, and confront them tb each other accordingly i and that he ihould take the ne- ceflary precautions to fupply all deficiencies ; and that he fhould confider well the different kinds of arms ufed by, the foldiers of the ^n^i^y ^^^ ^Y ^i^ own j 'and ^at he fhould obferve the mortions of, his foes, whether they • .gj. . -'^ ■' advanced into the field flbwly and in gobd order, or whe- ther they rufhed forward in confufion ; ^ N D that he fhoujd confider and compre- hend the movements and tlie order of the ehemy's bat* tie, whether they charged at once and' in an united 'feddy, or by detachments, the one fucceeding the Qthef ; a,nd that he fhould obferve, in the hioment oJ^affault, whethfer the enemy advanced find retired, and prepared t6 charge again, or whether they appeared fatisfied with their firfl attempt. When the latter is the cafe, it is the duty of the foldier to 'bear lightly the fhbfck of the i^em^'s at- tack, and to (land firni and patient. Per braivery i§ but patience and firmnefs for an hour. , . , And. I qrdainedthat unfilMie fk^^vattced to the attack, he fhould not be ^tf^acke^. .Ai^d I prderi^, when the enemy entered the Aeid of battle, that the at- B b b ttRftipn. 378 INSTITUTES jt^j ^Lcf y Jdj ]jj]jjM Jof^ti o'A^ f-*-*^ vJSmU ajLX^ f.\y^ O'^^*;* jl^ Oo^ \j ^ J>j j^j Oj^ Jj^J j^s^j Joty y AJti J AJliJ jAMfcyjM ^Jy^ aJ ^m4— ^ AJ CamI lAA^ttj Jy\j ^^X L^[*Zc j\Jj\j-J l}Jy-^J JvJtjJo C^ y July \jj\^\j^ Jjij* ^UJiy t3jy> u-Jic j\j jo:«yj OF T I M O U R. lyf tention of the general Hiould be turned to the condudling Book 11. and the dire(£ting of the efforts of his troops. For the duty of the tommandcr is to go- vern and to guide the movements of his forces j and to be cool, and firm, and colleAed within himfelf in the hour of trial i and to confider each divifion of his army as a particular indrument of the inftruments of war ; as the arrow, and the battle-axe, and the fword, and the mace, and the poniard, and th^ dagger ; and to diredt. the edge or the point of each in the moment of neceffity. And it is the duty of a general to conlider liimfelf and the nine divifions of his army as a wreftler who entereth mto adtion, and fighteth with every part of his body — with his arms and with his SeQl^ and with his breaft, and with his head. And there is ground for ex- peftation^ when eight affaults fhall have been fucqef- fively made on the line of the enemy, that in the ninth &ock they will certainly be defeated. , And it is the bufinefs of a Wilful general firft to charge the foe with liis advanced guard. And let hhn then fend forward the advanced guard of his right wing to fupport them^ and after them the advanced guard of the left wing: tliat three fucceffive fhocks may be given to the force of tlie enemy. And if at this jundure the advanced guards fhould fhrink back from before the foe, let him direft the firft divifion of the right wing to .B hh s. ' charg« 380 I N S T I TUT E S tiyj J^ jf=>\ J^'ly \jjm\f^ fjO ^ C^j V^ JWn.J [^-^ "fi"^^ "^'jV L'y'^'j^ J '-Jwii C-smdi (1)}—^ ^^ Cy—i^y^. ''^^^ cXJiJ -Aota^: ^>^ it is the bufinefs of a general neither to be rafli nor precipitate ; but to diredi the opera- tions of his troops wit6 Jirmnefs and prefence of mind.- And when he himfelf fhall be obliged to enter, into ac- tion, he muft not, whilft he can avoid it, give himfelf up to death : for the death of the general bringeth dif- grace upon the army*, and encreafeth the obftinacy of the enemy^ Therefore it is the duty of a com?- mander to (hun temerity, and to aAAff ^X^ j^l ^iJ f'ti^yJ j«l /OCj JVwgJ ^Ij* ci^^S^ (ir-^=^-' "-^Ij O^Ly jl^wa ^1^ \;i>U^I^ oUU^yj oU^j C^l^l b c^j uj^^ J«^ JUiib yol:^ JUjiUj J^ jSyM j\^_ c)^ Jl ^^^ ^I^lj *C^!;I ^_^^ u^j; ^jJ '^^= v,5^=r-' °'^>'b'^ ^' . V At . lA— jmU jmI—J + Paifikhauneh is the tent, or fet of tents, of the prince ; which on a inarch are fent forward and ere£ted againft his arrival at every ftage : i. e. therje are two fets of tents, and thofe at the firft ftage, when ftruck and fent forward, are not unloaded at the fecond, but proceed on to the third ftage, and J^^fJ- OF T I M O U R. 3% TjJVS I FORMED REGmATipi^? FOji. Bookll. THE ARRAJJGPMENT OF MY SUPERIOR ARMIES, If the forces of the enemy exceeded in number twelv« thoufand^ horfemen, and wejre jjiferior ia number to forty tfcioufand, I ordained that o^? of my forr tunate fons fhould command againft them j and that two Beglerbegs, and the Ameers, with the Toumaunaut, and ihe KuChoonaut, and the A-yloofatjt, In number not inferior to forty thoufand tpen, fhould attend his commjind : And that the troops and the officers, who com'pofed this vicjloriou-s army, fhould coniider me as prefent in the Jlpld, and give cjo| fp/tji frot^ ib^ir t?JJJ04^ tbeij* diCcipUne, ^nd ^heir courage and their conduc^. i And I commanded, when my Paifhkhau- neh "f* was brought forth, that twelve bodies of troops ihould be ordered pijit j an4 thgt an Ansi/eer of tjhe 4?neers of the Auloofaut fhould be appointed to each, and that they fhould caufe them to -perform tiieir exe^rGifes and evolutions i that they might Jk?ep beCGDre ^jtisk ey^i ,t^ irwELVE MILITARY REGULATIONS^ J vjrhich I ha^d eftablifhed for forming, and for breaking the line of battle, and -for ^y^Ui&Bg, A&d for r^tceatAtig. and are there pitched. And thus the tents at the fecond ftage are, when the prince departs, fent on to the fojirth flage, fo that the two fets are in- habited alternately. , ,i i Thefe regulations are not in the MS, and therefore are fuppofed to '^yekfSV' owittgd ^y ^l^ctr^pfcriter?^hyovJh ignorance or inattention. C c c He 386 INS T I T U T E S (Sj^Ar^J *L^J J' b (^^ (^^ °^**1^ ^^■r' 0«i^*J' ./. , bKjM ^y« ^iauljj JOIJ^ JjU^ Jjl/ l;^j5 •^M u«i*J' Jj^*^ c^-b!/ *^ '-^4^ *^ ^'^ ^^^j^^ AA=kl JJl ^^^*w *X)I Ai^JO&J (•LXsi^l 0(Xj.XUnJ J Keuli the main body. 2 Burraunghaur ; the rear line of the right wing. 3 Hurrauwul a Burraunghaur i the advanced gtfafd 6^1^16 rear litre t>f the right wing. 4 Jurraungbaur ; the rear line of the left wing. 5 Hurrauwul a Jurraunghaur i the advanced tgwrd of the rear line>of the left wing. OF T I M O U, R. 389 First, let him arrange his own line, and Bookii. call it the Koul. * Let him afterwards form the Burraiin- ghaur * with three fquadrons ; and let one of thofe three Iquadrons be called the Hurrauwul a Burraunghaur. ^ And with three other fquadrons let him form the Jurraun- ghaur ; *■ and let him name one ef thofe fquadrons the Hurrauwul a Jurraunghaur. ' And thus alfo let him form, and ftatioh, three other fquadrons in the front of the Burraunghaur, and call them the Chuppauwul. * Ai^d let him appoint one of thofe fquadrons the Hurrauwul a Chuppau- ■wul. * • Anp in the fame manner let him arrange three other fquadrons, and form them in the front of the Jurraunghaur, and call them the Shuekauwul i ' and let him nominate one of thofe fquadrons the Hurrauwul a Shuekauwul. ' And let him afterwards form in perfefl: order the grand Hurrauwul,"* which (hall be pofted in the front of the Koul, from the bow-men, and the fword- tnen, and the fpear-men, and the warriors of proof : that thefe troops charging with loud fhouts, may diiperfe and defeat the advanced guards of the enemy. 7 6 Cht^auwul', the front line of the right wing. 7 Hurrauwul a €buppammli the advanced guard of the front linepf the right wing. 8 Shuekauwul ; the front line of the left wing. 9 Hurrauwul a Sbutiammli the advanced^uaffdcf thefjsspt Jinc of the left wing. i« -Grtrnd Hurrauwul i grand vanguard. Anjd 390 INSTITUTES ' iJUijI lXIs* ^Ju^ aS=? c;Ai*.l I^jU^m JuJ ;j ^Sicdi ljjlJ.j*i OumI oi^ImjJ L^'^^^s^ vJiv^ili* w— =?» 7.1^' '^ OF TIM UK, 391 And it is the duty of the general to. keep Book II. his eye on the motions of the foe, and to chaftize thofe officers under his command, who, without orders, prefume to advance upon the enemy. And it is the duty of the general to attend to the onfet of the enemy, and not to venture to attack them, until they advance to the charge. And when they advance, it is the duty of the general to examine their order of battle, in what manner they come into adtion, and in what manner they retire therefrom, and after what manner he (hall engage them; whether they charge and retire, and, feeking advantage therein, put on the .fem> blance of flight; and then,, feizing a favourable criiis,. rally and. charge again. And it is the duty of a commander not toi parfue the enemy who without caufe flieth from the field : for fuch an enemy may be well prepared for bis defence. And it is the daty of the general to ob- ferve whether the enemy advance into the field of battle, and charge in an united body ; or whether they com- mence the attack with t^ie fijuadrons of their right and * their left wings. Let the commander firft oppofehis Hurrauwul unto them, and pufti them on to the charge. And after them let him fend forward the Hurrauwul a Chuppauwul and the Hurrauwul a Shuckauwul to fupport the grand Hurrauwul. Aiid. ia thft 392 INSTITUTES 4^' ^>-b t)jW o^ ^j-^ p^J 4-^ J'j ^^ji'^vji ^J ^ jJ ^ V/^ '^^^ lihlL? j^l ljlxi\ff^ Jjl^j >>Lxi!7^ Jjl/* ^^ oi^*^ <^j^* ^ J*jw J;l» *aaC j S-V^ AJ aXjT b" c\jI««Aj i) a o IP T I M O U R. 397 Th u s alfo I ordained, that if the enemy Bookir. ihould in number exceed forty thoufand horfe-men, that ' '~~' the eyes of the Beglerbegs, and the Ameers, and the MingbauHiees, and the Euzbaufliees, and the Ounbau- fhees, and the feled: warriors, and the foldiers in general ihould be fixed on my victorious ftandards. -f And I commanded, that the chief of every fqua,di:on to whom I iflued my orders, fliould a6t confor- mably to the tenour of thofe orders, and prefume not to deviatd therefrom j and that every one of the Beglerbegs, and the Ameers, who was tardy in performing, or difo- beyed, the orders which I fent unto him, fhould be in- ilantly put to death j and that his Kotul ,^ who is the expefter of promotion, ihould be appointed to his com- mand. Akd I ordained, that from among the forty Oiiyemauk of the Aloofaut, the Kuflioonaut, and Tou- maunaut, that the twelve Ouyemauk who had obtained t 1 , ' » f , . ■ » * ' ' ' ' i the Tumghau, J fliould be divided into forty fquadronsj and that the Ameers of the twenty eight 'Ouy^a;uk who* had not obtained the Tumghau, fliould form their line in the rear of the Koul ; and that my fons and my grand- fons fliould draw up their forcps before the; right of the Koul; and that my relaticShs and my kindred, witn the troops under their command, fliould take their ftation + i. c. That he would lead them in perfon. j Thofe who received military pay, ^.J- before 3§8 INSTITUTES ^ itT JViib ^ ^jU^r Ay\ 6tf >Ji*^ ^>-» iuailii* iW)(*||f oP .ca^^jt^p iShg6fey^v«^yl j and that one other chofen fquadron fhould be appointed the Hurrauwul a Sl^uckauwul. . ', . A N D I ordained that fix other fquadrons, headed by diflinguifhed Ameers, and compofed of war- riors of proof ^ndrexpprie^ce, Moi^pe^ad^^n^dib^f^t^ the Chuppauwul and the Shuckauwul i and "that they fhould be calif d the grand Uurrauwari: ^"* above thofe fix fquadrons, fhould be pofled in their fronts and be denominated the Hurrauwul a Hurrauwul : An© 400 INSTITUTES aS=9 <^\-^ jjJi^ t3j!j^ '-Jj';^- -r-*^ ^^'*'L' *«^*wJ j^ JsAmIj LA^Sh ocbLgl a 0\aCLn^ JjI;-* Jj!r-* OJ^ *^ r-^^rJ _/•[> O^ CJ^ *^^ *^lvXII ^.X^s:^ -XjJUj Lj-oLxa^ l"^i>'^ o F T I M O U R. 401 And that two Kurrauwul Beghs, -f- with de- Book II. tachments of their brotherhood, fliould be ported to the right and to the left of the Hurrauwul a Hurrauwul ; and that they fliould be the Deedbaun J on the army of the enemy. And I ordained that no one of the com- manders of the forty fquadrons, until he received orders from me, fliould prefume to enter into battle ; and that until the moment of his fcrvice arrived, he fliould not move from his ftation ; and that he fliould ftand ready and prepared for adtion : And when he received orders to engage, that he fliould accommodate his mode of attack to that of the enemy ; and that he fliould obferve in what man- ner the foe advanced into battle, and counteract his de- figns ; and that he fliould,' by fl&ilful and judicious difpo- fltions, carry into effedt fuch of his own movements as had been traverfed by the enemy. And I ordained, when the Hurrauwul a Hurrauwul began the adtion, that the leader of the grand Hurrauwul fliould order his fix fquadrons to charge fucceflively j that by fix fliockg, repeatedly given, the enemy may be broken and thrown into confufion. It t Kurrauwul Beghs ; chiefs of the light troops or fcouts. % Deedbaun j obfervers, people appointed to reconoitre the motions of the enemy. E ee ■ is 4oa INSTITUTES J\}J^ J -^ J*-'^ oJJ *AA«s: ^ A^^v^ ^f* Vry^ Qiwi Ai^C:^i*»l I; JjLy>- jjyol O0>^ (J^^*^ «AJyw iA^*mXi^j t;J*cij JJUn ^\jj (j**a_J j;[^M JJVyJ L'*'^^=^ A_JLx;*m*i^ s-y^ oJt* o>^v ^3^j *^' L> jA^I J^jtyJ ^^^=>jfj£^ OtijJ (jUi* U« l-j\j t^ AaaJI >aaC jXwJ lXajI jJ jA-oU jbLil J jA*el JViilj Oj;^ (»A^ 3^Lj ^jS=lj vXiJiy ^ jJ AAJj^ AAJ^B l;Jj^ ^Ijil JJJ^J^ /-anaXSi 0-— ^l— J -tIasI j! [; f^f:^ zl^^ A^3 Jsaa__> *iti ^^T^V^ l^J5=i» j' — '*— ''j't*} J^^r! o'j^' oJsAMJ.i o p T I M U R. 403 is at this crifis the duty of the leader of the Chtippauwul Bookn. to detach his fix fquadrons one after the other to fupport ^"''"^ the grand Hurrauwul ; and afterwards to advance, him- felf, to the charge. And in the fame manner alfo, let the com- mander of the Shuckauwul pufh forward fucceflively his fix fquadrons to reinforce thofe who are engaged ; and laftly let the commander himfelf advance into aftion. Thus, by the power and afllftance of Almighty God, when eighteen charges fhall have been made on the line of the enemy, they will break and difperfe. B u T if notwithftanding thofe fliocks re- ceived by the foe, they fliould continue refolute and firm, it is then the duty of the chief of the Burraunghaur to diipatch forward his Hurrauwul, and of the leader of the Jutraunghaur to fend forth his Hurrauwul alfo« When thofc two Hurrauwuls advance and charge on the right and on the left of the enemy, their order and their ftrength fliall certainly be broken. But if it fliould come to pafs that the foe ftill continues firm, let the leaders of the Burraunghaur and the Jurraunghaur order their fquadrons fucceflively on to the charge. And if they fee that the enemy give aot way to the eiForts of the imperial forces, the leaders of the Burraunghaur and the Jurraunghaur muft themfelves advance, and ruih upon the foe. E ee 2 And 404 I N S T I T U T E a J\Xj\(^J^ j\mJjXj LiUJlsr* .is A^5> vXU^si f— jL-S ^ y^ k-r^ Ou*iJ Jl A^ ^■l^r' /•' "^•^ OumIj Ow*)J J^s:^ ^^liflAv, dJ!;^^bj JsjfjJ {j^=ji {Tf^^f^ "^"^ »-r^ ^**"^ o'jA^' *^=' oW^jjy*!^ o'r^ *^^/ cj^ j^ "^^b ^*^j y -^^s rj^/ ^f OP T I M O U R. 4Q5 And if at this period the commanderaof Book II. the Burraunghaur and the Jurraun'ghaur ihew themfelves deficient in their duty, the i-oyal princes, aiid thofe rela- ted to the imperial family, who are the referves of the Burraunghaur and of the Jurraunghaur, muft advance to the aflault. A K D they muft keep their eyes on the commander and the ftaadard of the commander,-and prefs upon the foe with valour and intrepidity. They muft endeavour to feize the general of the hoftile army ; and they muft Urive to invert the ftandard of the foe. And if, notwithftanding thefe fliocks, the enemy ftill remain firm and unmoved, the royal guards* and the fdedl warriors of the Koul,, and the forces of the Ouyemauk, which were formed in the rear of the Koul, muft ruflx forward, together and at oace, to the charge. A N D- if at this period the vidtory be not decided* it is the duty of the emperor, vvith fortitude of heart arid with exalted refolution, to put himfelf and thei Koul of his army into motion. Thus I afted in. my engagement witk Keefuri I commanded the Ameer Zaudeh Meeraun Shaah, who was the leader, of the right. wing of my forces, to charge headlong on the left of Keefur. And I fent orders to Ameer Zaudeh Sooltaun Muhmood Khaun, and to Ameer Soolamaun, who tommanded my left wing, to attack the right of Keefur, And 406 INSTITUTES j^JvLjl J^^— S J a£=> (dy=> f^^ -^J^ OtNjf; i.^^>nJ Otffls:*^ C^l^ A^3 e^l y.f<=^\j ]j (^UaLi J^JUj J^' JULJI 4u5J^ Viiti. ^ aXjT o p T I M O U R. 407 And I iffued diredions to the Ameer Zau- BookiL deh A.boo Bukkur, who led the referve p£ the right, to '^""^ advance upon the Koul of Ye]durruni Bauezeed, f who was pofted on an eminence : »nd laftly I myfelf, with the forces of the Koul and the Ouyemauk, turned the face of refolution toward naine .enemy. The armies of Keefur were defeated, and put to flight at the firft onfet. And Sopltaun 'Jiiluhmood purfued the vanquifhed Keefur j and he made him my prifoner, and he brought him to the royal tent. By this di^ofition alfo I conq^uared T,Quk/t.ij(nm.i,fJi JChapn, and caufed hi and to proceed to repel and diiperfe the foe. Thus I adted in the engagement with Shaah Munfoor, who penetrated even to the Koul of my army. I oppofed him in my own perfon, face to face, until he fell lifelefs on the plain. The plan op the arrangement OF FORTY squadrons, FORMED FROM THE TWELVE Ouyemauk who had obtained the Tumghau^ t Bajazet.. 4o8 I N S T I T U T E S, &e; ^^ Cv^J JjfjS cr^Mil; ewaJ Jjly f^- r-^te- rj^ ^j"^ Jj' •^- C; W C^ *LJJ Jji f=?^- c/^ rjjv*' (^j^ '(}J (^- ok^ cj^ ^j'^ Jji r ••• •• r A A '*>^' *^ a^J '^^>*J '^^""A-:' FINIS. INDEX O F PERSONS AND PLACES. N.B. m. iigm^cs mentioned. AALI, firft fucceflbr of Mahum- mud, 193. one of the orthodox Khalifs, 31, N. commander of the faithful, 183. fon of Aboo Taulib, 359. the diftrifts of Bukhf and Jil- leh, affi^ned for fupporting his flirine, ibtd. ' . ' - Aali, fon of Moofi Jaufir, 185. I ' Beg Choun Ghoorbauni takes Timour prifoner, '37. is aOia- med of his conduct ibid, commands Timour's arms to be delivered to him, and difmifles him with marks of dif- refpeft, ibid. Ben Luckti, minifter of Hauroon ul Riiiheed, difTuaded from refigninghis ofHce, 263. DuRVAiSH, of the tribe of Toughauee, made Ameer, 313. Yezzudi, his relation dif- fers from Timour's, 23, N. hishif- tory inferior to that of Timour, writ- ten by himfelf, ay, N. 123, N. ig- norant of the plot between Tittiour and theftandard-bearerof Touktum- mifh Khaun, ibid. Aazeez V 2>£EK, Qne of Tioiour's Vizzeers, affifts Timour in extrica- ting himfelf from prifon, 267. Abdullah, a fervant of Timour, Who accompanied him in reconnoitring the caftle of Kurfhee, 09. Aboo (orABAu) Bukkur. See Amber Zaudeh. Tauhir heads the kO. off Ku- raumuteh, 185. feizes the city of Mecca, ibid, martyrs 30,000 pil- grims on mount AuruiFaut, ibid. takes away the black ftone from the temple of Mecca, ibid, is totally, de- feated by Mocktaudir Billau, ibid. Abu'l Munsoor Timour, or Ta- merlane, defcended in a right line from Kaujooli Bahaudur, fon of Toti- muneh Khaun, 25, N. of the fame li- . neage with GhyngazeKhaun (Ghen" gisCan), ibid, begins his enterprifes at 12 years of age, 163. Upon Tu- ghujluk Timour Kfaaun's firft inva- fion of Mauwar u Nuhur, is doubt- ful whether he (hall flee into Kho- raufaun, or fubmit to Tughuiltik Timour, jy. asks counfel of his A.D. :tat. Tim. 25- II INDEX OP Peer, is advifed to fuhmity ibid, goes to the Ameers of Jitteb, and diverts them by prefents from ravaging Mau- wur u Nuhur, ig, 21. departs from the Ameers, and goes to' Tughulluk Timour, 21. Tughulluk reftores to him the Toumaun of Ameer Kur- rauchaur Nooyaun,'and appoints him governor of Mauwur u Nuhur, 23. 5361 he lofes the government of Mau- wur u Nuhur, and accepts the poft of counfellor and general to Ouleaus Khaujeh, 25, is accuTed of rebel- lion j 27. ordered to be put to death by Tughulluk Timour, Hid. the or- der falls into his hands, ibid, he ga- thers together the youth of the tribe of Burlaus for his defence, 29. re- folves to oppofe the Ouzbuks, ib. the people of Mauwur u Nuhur unite them- felves with him, {'^iV^ is nominated to the empire by the' people of Mauwur u Nuhur, 31. is defirous of attacking the Ouzbuks, Hid. the worthkfs re- veal hifi intention, ibid, he deliberates concerning attacking the Ouzbuks in 'Sumauiikvnifibidi fears the people of Mauwur u Nuhur will flirink back from dieir engagements,. 33^ quits Summurkund,and retires to the ^ neighbouring bills, ibid., waits feven da^rs, expedling to be joined bjf the people of ^auwur u Nuhur, ibid. lit) one joining him, he proceeds to Buddukhlhauni, ibid. goes, to Ameer Goolau], who direSs hioi to proceed towards Khauruzm^ ibid., promifes Ameer Goolaul the revenue of Sum- murkund for one year, if he defeats the Quzbitks, ibid, is attacked by Tukkul Babau(^ur with 1000 horfe- men, whom he oppofes with 60 warriors, 35, flays 950 of them, with the iois of 50 of his own,. ibid, is called a wonderful man by Ouleaus ipiaujeh and the Ameers of Jitteb, ibid, his fortune reduced very low, tbid. wanders in the defartof Khauruzm,with his wife behind him onhor{e-back,{^i&37> of histenaflb- ciates, three (natives of KhorauTaun) defert him, ibid. 19 taken prifoner by AaliBegChounGhodrbauni,and con- ■ ftned in a dungeon 62 days, ibid^ wrefts a fword from one of the guards, and forces his way into the prefence of Aali Beg, ibid, is difmiffed by Aali Beg with marks of difrefpeft,, ibid, proceeds to the deiart of Khau- ruzm, 39. is joined by twelve horfe- men, ibid, is attacked by theToor- kummauns,. ibid, and recognized by Haujee Mabununud, one of thfeToor- kummauns^ who joins him, ibid. his. troops iricreafe to 60 horfe-men, ibid.. journeys towards Khoraufaun, 41. is joined in the way by Mubauruk Shaah. Sunjuri, governor of Maukhaun,. with 100 foldiers, and by many others,, ibid, difperfes his people in th« en- virons of Bokbaura, and advances to- wards Summurkund,t.~43. is joined in the way by Tumookeh Kouchein with 15'faorfe-mea, whom he fends tO' Mubauruk Shaab,.;^M/^ enters Stim- murkund by night, ibid, and pafles^ 48 days utidifcovered in the houie of his fifier KuttulughTuikaun Avigbau,. ibid, narrowly efcapes being difco- vered, ibid., flees from Summurkifndi by night with 50 horfe-men, anct proce^ ttwvar^ Khauruzm, ibid,. encamps at Atcfaeghi„ 45. his fa- mily,an on Share Behraum, 87. gaips over feveral Ameers by his kindnefs to Ameer Hooflein, ibid, feveral of his Ameers Confider themfelves as his e- quals, ibid, he determines to reduce theni all to fubjedion, 89. gains over to his interefl: Ameer Haujee 3urlau5, /^/^/. wins Ameer Bauez- zeed Jullauir to his interefl: by kindnefs, 91. takes pofleflion of the lands of Sheikh MahutAmud, deceafed, 89. oppofes Ameer Hoof- fein to Ameer lichee Booghau Sul- do^se, 91. gains over Mahummud Khanjeh Erudee by giving him a pro- vince, /£/^. fows divifibn amongft the princes of Buddukhihaun, and gains them feyBrally to his intereift-, ibid. afllfl:s Ki-ESirffero againfl; Al- ^ jauitoa Burdi, ibid, reconciles them together, , and fends them againft A- meer Khizzur Yeffodree, 9*. Ff f 2 Invited IV I N I> E X OF 136s J37S 1380 1381 1383 »387 Invited by Ameer Hooffein to a conference at the pafs of Chuck- chuck, loi. fecretes a number of warriors about the pafs, for fear of treachery, ibid, is itiformed of Hoof- fein's perfidy by Share Behraum, 103. defeats the army fent by Hooffein to circumvent him, and marches ' to Kurfhee, ibid, upbraids Hooffein with his treacliery, 105.. lofes the caflle of Kurfhee^ 9^3, croffes the Jihoon under, pretence of going to Khorau- faun,. 95.. meets a Kauruvvaum go- ii^ to Kurfhee, ibid, fends a fpy with them to,difi:over the fituation of the enemy». ihid,^ tarries on the banks of the Jjhoon till the fpy returns, 97. re-croffes the river with 243 warriors, and arrives at Sharekund by, forced marches,, ibid, halts, at the diAance of 3 miles from Kurfhee, .«^/W.. com- mands fcaling ladders to be prepared,, and goes by night, accompanied by 2' perfons only, to reconnoitre the caftle, 99^ difcovers the guards afleep.. ibid, brings up his warriors, and takes poffbffion. of the caftle, ibid. He marches towards Bullukh, and enr camps oh the frontiers, 109. Ameer Hoollein comes forth to fight with him,./3;V^ he defeats, him and be- fieges- him in the caftle,. ibid, takes the caftle. iHd. Hooffein flain, ibid.. Receives an.ambaffador from Auroos Khaun, 115. attacks Auroos Khaun and puts him to flight, 117.. Pretends^ to return from Bullukh to Summurkund, iii. . turns back^ and takes Mullik Gheaus u deen in Hurraut, 113. fubdues the whole country of Khoraufaun,, /i/V.. Receives the fubmiffion of Aali, governor of Mauzinduraun, 117. Summons the rulers of Seiftaun, ■ Kundahaur, and of the-Afghauns, to fubmit to.him, 115. lioheyeiy ibid. Sends armies againft the countries of Kilaim and Juijaun, iig, con-r quers the city of Isfahaun, and fta- tions ^Qoo men. there,, ibid.^ 'com- mands a general flaughter to be madis- of the. people of Isfahaun for their rebellion and cruelty, ihid. Purfues Touktummifti Khaun 5;months in the Dulhtof Kipchauk, 121. his army 13 reduced to great ftraits for want of provifion, ibid, is oppofed by Tpuk- tummifhKhaiin with a very numerous army, 123. his Ameers d ifheartned , ib, . he plots fecretly with the ftandard- bearer of .Touktummifh,. »i/V. his Ameers take courage from the intre- pidity of his fons and grandfons, 125. appoints the prince Aboo Bukkur,. with. 8000 men, the advanced guard,. ibid., commands his troops in the heat of battle to pitch. their tents and, prepare victuals,, ibid., obtains thC' vidlory through his intrigue with the ftandard-bearer of Touktummifti, ib. . Marches into Erauk a fecond time,, and collects an army of 80,000 men, 13 121. is atta'cked in pecfon by Shaah Munfoor„ ibid., fends an ambaflador to Sooltaun Ahmud Jullauir, to inform himfelf of his abilities, 125.. receives his account, 127. arrives fud-- denlyat Bughdaud,^nd conquers it,;'^. Marches a Xecond time into the Du(ht 13 of Kipchauk, and, having conquered the countries of the 5th and 6th cli- mates, returns viii^orious to Summur- kund, 1 29. Demands counfel of hisfons 1 3 and Ameers concerningithe redu£tion of. Hindoftaun,. ibid, feeks an omen in the Koraun,, 133*.. pitches his tents towards Hindoftaun, ibid, com- mands the prince Peer Mahummud Jphaungheer, with 30,000 horfe-men, . to fubdue Mooltaun, ibid, orders Sooltaun Muhmood Khaun,. ^c. with 30,000 men, to go againft Lau- hore, 135. he himfelf, with 32,000 , horfe-men, forms the main body, /^. his whole army confifts of 92J 000 horfe-men, ibid, proceeds to Hin- doftaun, ibid, is informed that the Oughauns infeft the road to Hindo- ftaun, and plunder therein, .«^;V. is requefted by Mullik Mahummud to , revenge: . x- ji IS. O VJ IN 5 AND r Li A U t: b. revenge the murder of his brother Lufhlcur Shaah upon Moofi his mur- derer, 137. feeks to getMullik into his power by policy, ibid, is (hot at by an arrow, iiid, is oppofed by ■ Sooltaun Muhmood, and Mulloo Khaun, with 50,000 men, and 120 elephants in Dehli, 139. pretends fear, in order to draw them out of E399 Debli>. »^»V.. defeats Sooltaun Muh- mood, and gains immenfefpoils, ibid. conquers Dehli in the fpace of one year, and returns to Sunimur-kund,(^i receives information of the encroach- ments of. the people of Goorjiftaun, 14P.. fummons his armies to join him at Isfahaun, ibid, arms hinifelf, 143. £400 fubdues the caftles of Seewaus and Goorjiftaun, and divides the fpoils amongft his foldiers, ibid, punifhes the feditious of Azzurbauejaun, ibid.. fubdues Mulluteah and the neigh- bourhood thereof, ibid, fubdues Hul- lub and Humfau, 145. determines on the redufUonof Miflur andShaum,, -Hid. is oppofed by Kfefur, at the rn- fiigation' of Kurrau Eufoofj with a mighty army, ibid, writes a letter to Keefur, 147. reduces the city of Dummiihk, 149. receives by his ambaflador a letter of defiance from. Keefur, ibid, marches towards Bugh- daud by the way of Mooful j ibid^ turns back by the way of Tubbu- iji^l raze, and arrives- at Bughdaud, 151. fubdues~the caftle and city of Bugh- daud, after a {lege of 2 months and fome days, ibid, commands-it to be razed to the ground^ ibid, fojoums fome time in the kingdom of Azzur- bauejaun,: ibid. colle£ls his forces together from . all quarters to oppofe ^Q2 Keefur, 153. departs from Azzur- • baugaun to wage war with Keefur^ ibid, is opipofed by Keefur, with 400,000 meny ibid,. aflaultsKeeAir , and takes him prifoner, and obtains a . Gompleat vi£lory, ibid, returns tri- . umphant to Summurkund, after a war of. 7 years, ibid. Abulghazi Khaun, 27, K. Afghaun. See Oughaun. - Alchoun Bahaudur, brother of Beghchuck, marches againft Ti- mour, 65. Aljaie Turkaun Aughau, fjfter of Ameer Hooffein, and wife of Ti- mour, 35,43. carried behind him 6n his horfe in the defart of Khau- ruzm, 35. feeured in a^houfe of the. Toorkummauns, 39; fecretedbyTi-' mour in the environs of Bokhaura, 43. Aljauito (or Aljauetoo) Burdi, flees toTimour forflielteri 91. is reconciled to Ki Khiflero, 93. ■ Sooltaun, fon of Ar- ghoon Khaun, fupporter of the Mahummudan faith in the 7th- cen- tury of the Hij. 189. oft-ths death of his brother, affcmble* the Siuds and Theologians in the imperial M.ufi jid,and asks their confent to his afcen- dingthe.throne^ ib. and 193. obtains it,,, 195. ordains that the names of all the fucceffors of the prophet fliall be recited in the Khutbeh, and im- prefled on the coins of the empire, ib. Alkum^mi, a man noted forhis malevo- lent and revengeful'difpofition, 257. raifed to the dignity of prime mini- fter by Maatuffim Billau Ubbaufi,, ibidi betray? the Khalif into the hands of Hullaukoo Khaun, ibid, Allugh Tuktimour, one of Tu- ghulluk Timour Khaun's generals,, fent to invade-Mauwur u Nuhur, 19. . Ameer ul OmraUj of Ameer Hoof- fein, fubmits to Timour j iii. AMeer Aali, ruler of MauzindurauHj feeks prote£lioh from Timour, 117. — — — Aboo SaeeUj of. the tribe of Burlaus, 311. made general of the- Jetes, 61. his fquadrons defeated by Timour, 63.; taking ofFence at the conduct of- Tughullafc-. Timour Khaun, flees to Timour^ andis ap- pointed by- him ninth Ameer and go- vernor of a proviqce-j 3i9',3iii — ^ — Bauezzeedj of the tribe of^ Tiirkhaun,madefeventh Ameer, 311.. Ameek^ VI INDEX OF Ameer Bauezzeed Juliauir, ruler of the province of Khujjund, 91. asks counfel of Timour, 15. retires into Khoraufaun, 17. forced to fub- mit to Timour, 91. • — BiAUN SuLDozE, father of Sheikh Mahummud, 85, 89. .Ill GooLAUL, a devout man con- fulted by Timour, 33. advifes Ti- mour to go to Khauruzm, ibid, is • promifed the revenue of Sumurkund for one year, if Timour proves, vic- torious, it id, m Haujee BuRLAiTS, uncle of Timour, 15, N. afks counfel of Ti- mour, ibid, the troops of Kufii de- fert Timour and join him, 321. unites himfelf with Timour, 89. -rr HiNDOoKEH deferts the army of Jitteh, and joins Timour, 59. HoossEiK. See Hoossein. — — Ilchee Booghau Suldoze lays claim to the city of Bullukh, 91. is oppofed by Ameer Hooflein through the policy of Timour, ibid. I t.' Jaukoo, of the tribe of Bur- laus, 31 1, one of the chief fupport- ers of Timour's power, 247. alone remains with him after the defertion of the forces of Kufh, 323. Ameer Hooflein endeavours in vain to fet Timour at variance with him, 247. is made Ameer ul Omrau, 323. and governor of a frontier kingdom, 311. appointed to the government of Bul- lukh and. Hiflaur, 323. JULLAUL u deen deferts the army of Jitteh, and joins Timour, 59. — — Khizzur Yessooree takes pofleflion of Taufhkund, 93. is re- duced low, and flees to Timour, ib.. - Khodapaud, of the tribe of Burlaus, made Ani<^^'' ul Omrau and governor of Buddukhibaun, 309. his advice to Timour, 327. ■ Gaza KvRCtN, or Caz^gan, grand- father of Ameer Hooffein, 67,85,327. KVRRA¥C.HAVR NOPVAUN, fifth anpeftor of Timour, and Viz- zeer of Chgghtauee Khaun ((on of Chungaze Khaun) 23, N. Tou- maun of^ reftored to Timour by Tughulluk Timour Khaun, Hid. Ameer Moosi, ftationed at the bridge of Sungheen oppofite Ouleaus Khau- jeh, 77. and in Kurfliee againft Ti- mour, 93- furrounds Timour there- in with twelve thoufand horfemen^ 9. is defeated, ibid. ■ MuviUD AuRLAUT, ftationed at. the bridge of Sungheen oppofite Ouleaus Khaujeh, 77^ made Ameer ul Omrau, 313. Sauhiba Kurraun, Lord of the fortunate Conjitniiion. Timour fd called, 181, 183, 195, 197. Saur Booghau, of the tribe of JCipchaqk, made Ameer, 313. -.SiFE u DEEN joins Timour, 53. is honourably received by him, 55. Su.EiKH Mahummud, fon of Biaun Suldoze, joins Timour, 85. deftroyed by drinking wine, 89. SooLAMAUN Burlaus de- ferts the army of Jitteh, and join; Timour, 59. one of the commanders of the left wing in Timour's engage- ment with Keefur, 405. m. 73. Timour, TvMerlake lb called, 31, 39, 53, 57, 97, III Ubbaus, one of Timour's moft faithful chiefs, 247 ; put to death by him iinjuftly, ibid. Zaudeh Aboo Bukkur, grand/on of Timour, appointed com- mander of the advanced guard, in the engagement with Toiiktutninilh Khaun, 125. leads the referve of the right wing in Timour's engage- ment with Keefur, 407. Meeraum Shaah, commander of the right wing of Ti- mour's forces in his engagement with Keefur, 405. , -SOOLTAUN MUHMOOD Khaun, mm»til emperor of Chugh- tauce, fent by Timour to attack Lauhore, with 30,000 horf&.men,i35. one of the commanders, of the left wing in Timour's engagen^nt with Keefur, 405. Amuveah ^or Ajav) the Jihoon, fo called from PERSONS ANO PLACES. VII fromthidtyfituate near it. Lat. about 39°. Long, 62°. iof. E.fromLondnn. Timourcrofles it, ^5. ArfDijAUN, « «Vy s^Toorkiftaun, Lat. ahut 42°. 10'. Long. 69°. o'. E.fi'om Lond, ' the government of, given by Timour to MunguK Booghau, 319, Anduraub, a city of the province of ^\x\\\x)ski, fituati atthe fiot of tht moun- tains which divide the daminions of.the Great Mogul and ^ti£\7Lfrom Great Bukharia; Lert.^f>°. 2q'. LJit)''.o'.E, from Lend. Timour encamps there,35. Angooreah, a city of Ansxo\\& en the . river Mel us, 150 miles E. ef Con- flantinople ( remarkable for the viiio>- ries of Pompey and Timour ever Mi- tfceidates end. B^aaet)-. Lat. about 39°. 50'. Long.abettt^^°.o'. E.from London. Timour marches by the way of, to attack Bajazet, 153. Arabia, cities of, «. 217. Argitoon Khaun, fether of Ghafu- zaun Khaura, 187^ ArhuSg, [fuppofed to be the fame as Arhungferai] ««^^Tookhuriftaun a« the river Jihoon, Lat. 37". Long. ijfy°.from London. Country c(f, feized by lu Kbiffero and Aljauitdo Burdi, 91. Arkunut, tribe, HaujeeBeg of, ig, Arsuff, valley of, Timour encamps there, 51. Atcheghi» a hilly, country, lying near the Jihoon^ Timour encamps there, 45. Aulaujou, caflile ofj, reduced by Ti- mour, 57- AuRGHooKT,^ tribe of^ appointed to re- ceive Tumghau, 309.. "^Taufli Khau- jeh (rf, made eighth Ameer, 311. tvrenty perfoas of, promoted, ibid. Aurlaut, tribe of, receive Tumghau, 309* Ameer' Muviud of, made A- meer ul Omrau, 313. Sullauichee Bahaudur of, made Ameer, ibid. Avaoos Khaun fends an ambalTadoxi to Timour after the defeat of Touk- tummifh Khaun, 115. is attacked. unprepared, and vanquiihed by Ti- AuRUFFAUT, mount of, 30,000 pil- grims martyred there, 185. Azzuto u DowLA Delumi fupporter of the Mahummudan faith in the 4th century qf the Hij. 185* depo'fes Muttet Launirilla Ubbauii frofti the Khillaufut, and places Taulaa Bilku, his fon, on the throne, 187. AzzuRBAUEjAUN, a provinct ef Per- fia, part ef the antient Medra. It is hounded on the N. by the prj>- vince of Shurwaun, en the S. by the provinces ef Erauk a Ajjam and Knr- diftaun {the ancient Atfyrh^, on the E. by the province ef K ilauri and the Cafpian fia, and on the W^ by Tur- komania> Touktummifli Khaun fend» a mighty ariHy upon it, 127. the feditiou$of,chaf{i&d by Timour, 143. Tiinoarfojourns there,, 151. departs thence, 153. , , B» Baubau Aali Shaah, a diervife, his advice to Timour, 89. Baukhtur Zemeen, fubdued by Ti- mour, 45,163^. Begchuck, one of the Ameers of Jitteh, appointed by Tughulluk Ti- mour Khaun to ravage Mauv^ur u Nuhur, 19- Behraum Joubeen, general to Hur- muz, virith 3^20,000 Perfians engages the Khaukaun, and after a battle' of three days and three nights, defeats^ him, 285^ unjuftly accufed to Hur- muz of having fecreted the enemy's^ treafures, ibid, pronounced a traitor, and treated writh contempt by Hur- muz,. ibid, depofes HurmUZ, 287. Behraum Jullauir joins Timour,; 45- Bokhaur A, the capital ef a province of that pant ef Mauwur u Nuhur now< called &Mc\ax\^ ^vo^Ty'Jituate in about 39°. o'. ofLatitudey Long. 63°..o'. E. from Londm^. Environs of, two hun- dred perfons, dffperfed in,,43- Aljait ' Turkaun Aughau, fecreted there by. TIU INDEX 01- BouXAU deferts Timour in time of danger, 315. BouLAUD BoooHAU [fuppofed to be the fame as the preceding] f^parates from Timour, 69. -BuDDUKHSHAUN, a City of ihe provinct tf Bullukh, Jituate xit the foot of the mountains which Jeparate. Hindoftaun J'rom Great Tartary, on the -N. fide e/"/^* Jihoon, about lop miles from its Jourccy Mnd 230 from .Bullukh, Lat., 37°. 10- Long.b^°. 30'. E.fromLond. jPrinces of, prepare for war, 69. fol- diers of, join Timour, ibid, princes of, fubmit to liis authority^ ibid, after their treachery to Timour, re- ceived by him with kindnefs^ 323.. ' BuGHDAUD, the capital of the province of Erauk a Arrub, fituate on the Tir gris. Lat. 33°. 30'. Lang. 44°. 3.0'. £. from London. Conquered by Ti- mour, 127. furrounded by an-army under Timour's fons, iji. befieged l)y Timour himfelf, and taken after a (lege of two months, ibid, razed to the ground,' ibid. . m. 125, 149. revenues of, affigned for fupporting the fepulchres and fhrines of the faints, 359. "BUKHF and JiLLEH, diftrids of, af- figned for fupporting the flirine of Imaum Aali, fon of Moofi, 359. BuJLLUKH, the capital of a province of that name, fituate towards the borders ef Peifia, about 50 miles S. of Tur- muz on the river Dehafli, Lat. 2^°•o'• Long. 64°. 36'. Ei from London. - PROVINCE OF, lies to the S. of Summurkund, and E . of that divyion of JVIauwur u Nuhuf^ call- ed .Fio^tr Bucharia., Its length, -ac- cording to modern geographers, is about 360 miles', and its breadth about 250. "Kingdom of, Timour fojourns there, 49. hunts in the mountains pf, 51. taken from Timour by Ameer Hoof- fein, 87, claimed by Ameer lichee Booghau, 91- given to Ameer Hooflein by Timour, j 07. Timour encamps there, tog. ^w.- Ill, 113. given to Ameer Jauicoo Burlaus, 323. BuRHaUN AGHiAUN, 289. Burlaus, tribe oi, m. icj, 93. ap- pointed to receive Tumghau, 309. four Ameer ul Omraus felefted from it, ibid, two Ameers of, promoted, 311, a hundred Mingbaufhees ap- pointed therefrom, ibid. Burlaus Bahaudur (oneofTi- mour's Euzbaufhees) engages Touk- tummifh Kbaun, and defeats him, 289. is appointed governor of Hif- faur Shaudumaun, ibid. BuRTUN Khaun, 25, N. C. Cheen, kingdom of, its prince called Fughfoor, 131. Chuckchuck, pafs of, Timour and Ameer Hoof^in agree tp meet there, 101. ; Chughtauee Khaun, yJ« e^ Chun- gaze Khaun, 23, N. his condutSl to- wards a miniAer accufed of pecula- tion, 249. Chughtauee, the countries of Tran- foxianaj i^c. which were given to Chughtauee Khaun. TheToumaunaut and Kufhoonaut of, become celebra- ted on account of Timour's exploits, ^ 93- Chung aze Khaun, (or Ghengis Can) 23, N. D. Dauood, armour of, Timour cloaths himfelf in it, 143. Daurau, name given to the king of Hindoftaun, 131. , Deaur a Bukkur, the capital of a province of the fame name, fituate, on the -Tigris, near its four ce, 212 miles E. of Hullub, and 261 N. of Bughdaud. Lat. 37°. 42'. Long. 40°. 17. E. from London. ' Bajazet fends his forces againftit, 153. Dehli, the capital of Hlndofiaun, fitua- ted on the river Jumna, 142 miles N. 'f PERSONS AND PLACES. eTAgra, and 239 S. fl/"Lauhore, Lat. 28°. 20'. Long. 87°. '20'. £. /r«m Z9» drowhpd in the Tigris, ibid. G. Ghauzaun Khaukj (fon of'Arghoon Khaun and ^andfon of Hullaukoo Khauiv) promoter of the faith in the 6th century ^f the Hij. 187. , con- '•' verted, -with 100,000 Toorks, to the Mahummudah faith by Sheikh Ibra- ' heem Hummuee in the plain of Laur, 189. Ghiznein, 225. Gjhizni, the capital of a province fepa- ■ rated by mountains from the North Weji parts o^"Hindoftaun,^*K(2<« near Kun- dahaur, and lying to the South of Gzur. Lat. 33°. 30'. Long. 66°. 0'. E. from Lond. Emperor of, will not fufier a ftone to be removed, which he had placed at the entrance of the plain of Ghiznein, 225. GooLAUB, Mahummud Auzaud ap- Dointed E'overnor of. 2Qi. X INDEX OP GooRjiSTAUN, a province of Adz, bounded ty Circaflia on the Norths by the Cafpian Sea on the Eaji, by Armenia en the South, and by Mingrelia on the Weji, Its capital Teflis. I^at. 43°. 30'. Long. 47°. %i/, £. from Lond.^ Its inhabitants com- plained of by the governors of the" two Erauks, 141. fubdued by Ti- mour, 143. m. 155. GuRKus, tribe of, governed by Moofi, Guz, Itreights of, Timour arrives there, 59- H. Haujee Mahummud,. a Toorkum- maun, 39. recolledling Timopr, commands the people to defift, from attacking him, and joins him him- felf, ibid, ' ' • MuHMooD Shaah Yessoo- REE fucceeds to the command of the armies of Jitteh, 21. Hind, king of, called Daurau, 131. m. 3^5. See Hindostaun. , HiNDosTAUN, a large country lying be- tween •}". and 37°rf Lat. and between 64°. and 93". E. Long, from London. . Bounded by Ouzbuk Tartery and little Thibet on the North, by Thibet, the kingdom bf Afeni, Ava and Pegu on the Baft, the bay of Bengal and the InAan ocean on the Somh^ tpe Indian ocean and Perfia on the W^ j heing about 2043 miles in length ffom N. to S. and 1412 in breadth from E. toW. Fortified with many ramparts, 129. al watys governed by the Shaahinfliaah^ dr king of Eraan and Tooraun,, 131. road of, infefted by the Oughauns, 135. cleared by Timour, 137. its chief city, conquered byTimour, 139. the redui^ion of, m. 353. HiREMUN, river, takes its rije in a range ef mountains in Lat. about 30°. 40'. - Long. 64°. o'. from Lond. faffing by Seiftaun, a branch of it falls into the lake Zzis, 231 miles S. W^ofKuix- dahaur, in Lai. 33'. o'. Long. 6o^o''l E. of Land. 'I'imour fojourns near it, 45. HissAUR, orHissAUR Shaudumaun, kingdom of, given to Ameer Jaukoo Burlaus, 323. m. 319. HoossEiN, {Ameer Hoos?ein) grand- fon of Atneer Kurgun, joins Timour in the defarts of Khauruzm, 35. his fifter wife to Timour, ibid, comes to Timour, 67. his ill conduft oc- cafioHs the deiertion of Timour's of- ficers» 69. wants to eftablifh him- felf on the throne of Mauwur u Nu- hur, 85. always envies and oppofes Timour, ibid, is forced to fwear friendihip to him, ibid, feeks to over- throw Timour, ibid, takes the coun- try of Bullakh and the caftle of Shau- dumaun from Timour, ibid, is op- pofed in his claims by lichee Booghau Suld6ze, 91. breaks his oaths with Timour, 93. takes the caftle of Kur- fliee from Timour by fraud, and places a ftrong garrifon in it, ibid, fends a Koraun to Timour, fwearing friend- ihip upon it, 1 01. deflres to have a perfonal conference with Timour at the pa{s of Chuckchuck, ibid, flays Sharfe Behraum, 103. his treachery to Tiiiiour, ibid, receives a ktter frbmTimdur, ahd is confounded, 105. is prelfented with the country of Bul- lukh and the caftle of Shaudumaun by Timour, 107. feeks to take Mau- Wur u Nuhur from Timour, ibid. fights feveral times with Timour, and is always defeated, ibid, flays Hu- moochee the brother of Ki KhifTero, ruler of Khuttulaun, ibid, comes forth to fight with Timour, 109. is defeated and flain, ibid. ■ ' loft his dominions through the eppreflioAs of a wicked and cruel minifter, 203. ■ bribed one of Timour's Viz- zeers to raife enmity betwixt Timour and Ameer Jaukoo and Eekoo Ti- mour, 247. his defign difcov«red,. ibid., his friendihip more hurtful to Timour. PERSONS AND PLACES. XI Timour than the malice of his great- eft enemies, ■p.j. HoossEiN, the Khalif, 183. HuKKEEM SuNNAi, cotemporary with, and preceptor to, Sooltaun Sunjuri, 187. HuLLAUKOo Khaun, father of Ar- . ghoon Khaun, 187. excited by Al- kummi to attack Maatuflim ^illau Ubbauii, 257. HuLLUB, the frefint metropslis 9/"Shaum, Lat.26°.t2''. Lang.^f.^o', E. Jrom London. Subdued "by Timour, 145. Timour -arrives there in his march againft Keefur, 149. Keefur fends troops againft it, 153. HuMoocHEE, brother of Ki Khiffero, flain by Ameer Hooffein, 107. Hums, Keefur fends troops againft it, 153. See HuMSAU. HtJMSAU, a town of Shaum near Hama, Lat. 34°. 30'. Lang. 38°. 10^. E. from Land. Subdued by Timour, 145. HuRMUZ, fon of Noufharevaun, feods Behraum Joubeen, with 320,000 Perfians, to oppofe the Khaukaun, 285. forgetting the fervices of Beh- raum, pronounces him a traitor, and treats him with contempt, ibid, is depofed, 287. HuRRAUT, a city e/* Khoraufaun, 171 milet S, E. rf Toos, Lat. 34°. p'. Long, ^(f .lo'. E. from Lond. Prince of, Miuiik Gheaus u deen, 113. conqueried by Timour, ibid. Hydur Anoookhodee. advancjes to fight with Timour, and is defeated, 63. taking oiFence at the condu<^ of Tughulluk Timour Khaun, flees to Timour, and is appointed by him governor of a province, 319.^ Hyssaur. See Hissaur. I. Immavm a Aazvm, hisopinion, 191. I Hoo8SEiN,-revenues affigned for fupporting his fepulchre, 359. ■ Mahommud Nukki, ibid. — Modsi Ka-wzi, m. ibid. — Shaufei, 191. Isfahaun, the capital of the province' of Erauk a Ajjum and of all Perfia in Afia, lying about 223 miles N. of the Perfian Gulph, and 321 5. tf the .Cafpian Sea. Lat. u^. 40'. Long. 51°. 40'. E. from London. Con- quered by Timour, 119. people of, rebel and flay the governor with the vt'hole garrifon, ibid, all commanded to be put to the fword, ibid, ap- pointed a place of rendevouz for Ti- mour's forces, 141. JiHOON, the ancient Oxus, a river rifing in mount Imaus in the Northern parts of India in Afia, Lat. 39°. 30''. and running N. ff. through Quzbuk Tar- tary, divides it from Perfia. Forty 'leagues from its mouthy it divides inta two branches ; opt fiiUing into the Caf- pian Sea, Lat. 44. the ofher into the lake Aral, Lat. 42°. 0'. Lon^. 59P. 50'. E. from London. Timour halts there fome days, 65. crofles it, 67. m. 23, N. Jilleh. See Bukhf. JiTTEH, a kingdom hm)ingTom\i\^vw\ en the E. the river Sihoon ofi the S, Kipchauk on tht W. and part of Toot" kiftaun en the N. m. 19, 23, &c. &c. Jooji, tribe of, abandoned by Touk- tummifli Khaun, 125. m. I2g. JuLLAuiR, tribe of, appointed to re- ceive Tumghau, 309. two Ameers - of, promoted, 311. twenty |>eople of, prornoted, ibid. JuRjAUK, country of, m.iij. JuzzAuiR, lands of, afligned for fup- porting' the fhrines of Jmmaum Moofi Kauzim, Immaum Mahummud Nuk- ki, and Sool^maun FaurfV, 359. K. Kauboolistaun, the province af Kau- bul, 163. Kaubul., capital of Kaubooliftaun, JST. " W. of ^indoftaun, and about no miles E. of Kundahauj. Lat. about 34°. 30^. Lov,g. f>(f. iz\ E. from London.. Peer Mahumntud Jehaqn- gheef ftationed therewith 30,000 men, 133. xn INDEX or Kaubul Shaah, of the line of Chun- gaze, flain by his Ameers, to ingra- tiate themfelves with Timour, 325. JCaujooli Bahaudur, brqther of Kubbul Khaun, eighth anceftor of Timour, and great grandfather of Kuriauchaur Nooyaun, 25, N. Keesur, or Bajazet, fuppofed to be defcended from a Toorkummaun fai- lor, 147, N. refolves on a war with Timour, at the inftigation of Kurrau Eufoof, 145. comes down with a mighty army, and calls the forces of MilVur and Shaum to his aid, ibid. receives a letter pf advice from Ti- mour, 147. marches to oppofe Ti- mour, with 400,000 men, 153. is defeajed, and brought prifoner to Timour, A. D. 1402, ibid. m. 355, 405, 407. Kehulkeh, caftle of, Timour fends his Kurrauvul againft it, 65. Khaujeh Aghlaun, of the tribe of Moghool, made Ameer, 31 j. ■ 1 Shums u deen, fepulchre of, Ameer HoofTein fwears friendfhip to TinMur (here, 85. Khaukaun, The, advances againft Hurmuz with 300,000 Toorks, 285. is defeated by Behraum Joubeen, after an engagement of three days and three nights, ibid, Khauruzm,. a kingdom jituaU on the Eaflern Jbdre of , the Cafpian Sea^ near the mouth of toe Jihoon, having Mau- wur u Nuhur on the E. Khoraufaun en the S. and great Tartary on the N. it extends from 37°. to 42°. of Lat. an4 from 52°. to 62°. of Long, from Litnd. Timour advifed to go thither, 33. Tuitkul Bahaudur engages with him there, 35. ' ' ' ' V defart of, Timour wanders in it with his ailbciates, and is taken prifoner, 37. Khillautee, a town e/^ Mauwur u Nuhur lying near the jihoon. The Ameers of Jitteh encamp there with 20,000 horfe-men, 71. Kkiook, a town of Khoraufau^, fiiuaU near the Jihoon, /if', i)/ BokhdUra. Lat. about 39°. 40'. Long. 62°. 30^. E. from Londem Tukkul Bahaudur its governor, 35. Khissuro P.uRVaze, advanced to the throne of Perfia, in tlie place of Hur- muz depofed, 287. Khorausaun, a province of Perfia, bounded by the mountains of Bullukh (which feparate it from Mauwur u Nuhur ) and-the province of Kunda- haur on the E. by Seiftaun on the S.. by the provinces of Erauk a Ajjum and Mauzinduraun on the W. arid by, the , province of Afterabad and the river Ji- hoon {which fiptirate it from Khau- ruzm) on the N. Its capital Hurraut. Ameer Haujee Burlaus and Ameer Bauezzeed Jullauic retire thither upon Tughulluk Timour Khaun's iirft in- vafion of Mauwur u Nuhur, 17. m. 15,113,14^,333. Khujjund, a city 9/^ Mauwur u Nuhur fituate on the river Sihoon, about 7 days journey N. E, of Summurkund. jlt this place is a famous pajjage over the river, Lat. 41°. 15'. Long, 67°. 3q'. E. from London. Waters of, cfolled by TughuJ,luk Timour Khaun with intention to invade Mauwur u Nuhur, 15. crofled by Ouleaus Khau- jeh in his flight from Timour, 83. Khullum, a town of, Tookhanriftaun* Lat. 36°. 40'. Long. 65°. 50^* E, from London. Timour encamps there, 67- Khuttulauk, a_ province fituate be- tween the rivers Vafchfh anrf Hurraut^ and bounded by Tartary, Buddukh- I fhaun, and the territory of BuUukh.. Tinipur arrrves there, 69. fciz,ed by Ki KhiJTeraand Aljaiuitoo.Burdi, 95. Khuttun, the country of, /«. 13 1,1 63.^ KHUZfZAUR, a town of Mauwur u Nu- hur fituate S. of Kulh, in Lat, 38°. • 3pf. Long, about 65°. The armies of , TughuUuk Timour Khaun. arriue there, 19.'. , ., , * K.lLAV^ya prifvince of Y&^ixhaimdiiLJiy the Cafpian Sea «» the H, i^j'.Khorau- .iaiui PERSONS A N D PL A G E Sl xui faun en the E. by Erauk a Ajjum on the S. and £/ Azzurbauejaun on the W, tn.i^ii KifCHAVK, (caUed by Europigns Grand Tartary) contains all the couriry fituate between ihej^ikr, or Crim Tartaty and Toorkiftaun, Tribe of^-ap- . pointed to receive Tumghau, 309. Ameer Saur Booghau of, made A- meer, 313. -"■--. I .. — r; Oufht.pf, the. Ameers of TughuUuk Timour Kbaun orebel there, 23. Timour enters it, lag. fubdued by Timour, 117. KoocH Timour j (fon of Begchuck) an Ameer ©f Jitteb, 71. KqoTTUB UL Aktaub, Timqur's Pe?r, 125, See.PEEi^< KouLAUK, Dufht of, Timour fojourns there, fi. KowvuNG Khaun, of the tribe of Tautaur, .made Ameer, 313, KuBBUL Khaun, (twin-brother of Kaujooli Bahaudur, and fon of Tou- muneh Khaun) great grandfather of .ChungazcjKhaun, m. 515, N. Kundahaur, Capital of a terriiQry of the fame name, Jituate on the coi^nes of Perfia and the dominions of the Great MoguJ, 436 miles N„fF, of Lauhore, Lot. 33°. 10'. Long. 67°. ip'. E. from London. Subdued by Timour, 45, m. 141. j KuNDuz, a town of TookhauriAaun, Jituate in Lat./iff. 36'. Long.. 66°. o', E. from Lpndon. Timour arrives there, 69. and appoints Mahum- mud Auzaud governor of it for, his bravery againft the Seab Poihaun, 291. i .. ! ,- ,•-. 1 KuNNOuj, a town afid kjtvgc^m ,fiffiate between, the two arms pf the Ganges, 2S2 miles, E. of Modilmfin. Its Ca- pital Kunnouj is in Lat. 26°. 45'. Long. 80°. I p-.E. .from London. Mub- bauruk Khaun afpires to the foyer- eignty of, 353. ) KuR.BUH,AU, a /flw»e/^.Erauka Arrub en the W. fide of the Eughrates., f.at. 32°. 40'. Long. 44°. 10'. E. from London. Lands and villages of af- figned to fupport the fepvilqhres and {brines of the faints,. 35^9. KuRMAjJN, a pro'ifinceaf.PerCiifituate between Fauris a« by the Mediter- ranean, on the N^ by mount Armehus, en the E. by the Euphrates, and on the S, by Arabia Petraea, Its capital Dummiftik- Forces of, called to the aid of Bajazet, 145. conquered by Timour, 149. m. 163. Heretics of, puniihed by Timour, 335. Sheikh Abdul KAumk, lands al- (t lowed for fupporting his fhrine, 359^ — — — Ahmud Jaumi, contemporary with,and preceptor to, Sooltaun Sun- jar, 187, IbKaheem Hummuee con- verts a hundred thoufand Toorks at once in the plain of Laur, 189. Shungoom, an Ameer of Jitteh, 71. Shurwaun, «^rw«ff« of Pet^z ftuate on the Cafpian Sea. Its capitafSh&- maki is in iaf. 40'. 50'. Ltng.'bo". &. E.- from London. Touktummifll^ Khaun's army marches by it, to in- vade Azzurbauejaun, 127. m.ii.y. SHURWAUNAtJTi m. 163. Sihook, or the Jaisartes, bounds Mau-. wur u Nuhur oh the N: m. 23, N. SiND, or the Indus, rifes in the mountains which divide Txct&ry from India, and fajftng through Kulbmeer and Mool- t-aun^ empties iifelf in the Indian Sea. Groffed ty the armies of Timour, in their way to Mooltaun and Laahore, »33' ^35- Siuo Hoossun advifes Timour to quit the defart of Kbauruzoi, 41. joins bim, 45. HhJi Siuiv XVIU SiUD Zeau u De£n, 41. See MtER Zeau u Deen. SooLAMAUN, mountain of, m. 133, 247, 248. . Faursi, a revenue af- figned for fupporting his Siirine, 359. SooLTAUN Ahmud Jullauir, go- vernor of Bughdaud, receives an Am- baflador from Timour, 127. treated contemptuoufly by the AmbaiTador in a letter to Timour, ibid, flees towards Kurbullau, ibid, departs from Bughdaud leaving one of his officers to defend it, 151. — Gheaus u Deen, »7. 113, 3,35. See MuiiiK Gheaosu Deen. — — — — HoossEiN, fort of Timour's daughter named Akia Beghi, his opi- nion concerning the war of Hindof- taun, 131. Mahummud (tfr Muhmood) INDEX OF Khaun nominal emperor of Chug- tauee. See Ameer Zaudeh. MuHMOOD, emperor tf Ghizni, an inAance of his deter- mined refolution in enforcing his commands, 22,5> depofed by his minifters, ibid., ■ MuHMOOD Khaum, rukr of Dehli, 3^3. oppofes Timour with 50,000 men, 139. is defeated, and flees to the mountains, ^id. SuNjuR, foa of Soottaun Alullilc Shaah, promoter of the faith In the fifth century of the Hij. 1S7. contemporary with, and difciple cdf. Sheikh Ahmud Jaumi and Hukkeem Sunnai, ibid. Subzvaur, m. 207. SuoDEUK £uRi.AU8, of tiie race of Yelducreen Kurrauchaur Nooy^un, joins Timour with 15 horfe-men, 49' SuLDozE,, tribe of, appointed to receive Tumghau, 309.. Ikhee Bahaudur of, made Ameer, 31 r. ■ Ameers of, fwear fidelity to Kaubul Shaah, 325. hearing of Timour's exaltation to the throne break theic faith,, and put him to death, ilnd, execrated i&t it by Timour, ibid. ^uLLAUicHEE Bahaudur, of the tribe of Aurlaut, made Ameer, 313. SuMMURKUNO, capital of Mauwur u Nuhur,_/&«a^^ in the valky of Sogd, about 7 days journey N. E. of Bokh- aura. Lai. 39°. 40^ Long, about 65°. 0'. E. from London. Timour re- turns thither after the conqueft of Hindoftaun, 139. after tlie defeat of Bajazet, 153. m. 31, 323. SuNGHEEN, bridge; of, 71. ftation of Ouleaus Khaujeh, 77. T. Taubaun Bahaudur, of the tribe of Douldee, 311. in an engagement: with Touktummiih Khaun, pene- trates to the ftandard - bearer, and inverts the ftandard, 289* his ene- mies feek in vain to obfcure his renown, ibid, received into favour,, and promoted by Timour , ibid. made Ameer, 311. Taulaa Bili.au, fort, of Muttei laurnrilla Ubbaufi, appointed: to the Khillaufut, inth^ room of his father,, by Azzud u dowla, 187. Taulkhaun, a town ^/^ Toakbaurif- taun. Lat. 36°. 50'. L»»g. 6j°. E,. from London.. Timour arrives, tl&re,. 69. c* Taush Khaujeh, of the tribe of h urghoon, made, eighth Ameer, 311.. Taushkund, a town ,«f Toorkiflaun. ^tuate near the Sihoon. Lat. 42°. Long, about 6,3". E. from. London. -Tautaur, tribe of, appointed to re- ceive Tumghau, 309*. Kowvung. Khaun of,, made Ameer, 313. Tigris,, river,. Furrukh drowned in Jt, Timour, or Tamerlane, See Abul Munsoor Timour. Timour, river, crofled by Timour,, 129. Timour Aghlaun, m. 315. Timour.. PERSONS AND PLACES. XIX Temour Khaujeh Aghlaun, with his. forces, joins Timour, 4.5. — NovBUKAUN, fecond- Ameer of Jitteb, 71. . TooRAUN, all the countries Jituaie be- yond the Jihoon. Timour becomes lord of it, 87. clears it of the Ouz- buks, 105. certain of the feditious of Khortfofau'n, fent,thither, 143. » Saints of, benefaftions and gifts granted for their fepulchres and mau{bl«ums, 3161, m. vb^, TooRKiSTAUN, infidels ofj a-lmoft an- nihilate the; Mahtrmmudan religion by their conquefts, 187. a hund- red thouland of them Converted at one time by Sheikh Ibraheem Hummuee, • 189. m, 319. « king o#, called Khau- kaun, 131. Too*, a ctty^ rf Khoraufaun 15J3 miles S, £. of the Cafpian Sea, and 604 • SiW. 9;^ Bokhaura. The revenues ©f its environs, affigned for firppordng ■ the fepulchre of Immaum AalP, fon of Moofi, 359. TouBUK Bahaudur joins Timour, 53-- - ., , . ' TouGHAUEE, tribe of,, appointed to receive Tumghau, 309. Aali Dur- vaiih of, made Ameer, 311. TouK Timour, of the tribe of Jul- lauir, made eighth Ameer, 311. TOUKTUMMISH BUDDAU KhAUN, defeated by Auroos Khaun, 115. , — Khaun, 289. his ftandard inverted by Taubaun Ba- haudur, ihid. - his army defeated by Burlaus Bahaudur, 289. fleeing to Timour, is treated by him with kindnefs, 327. defeated by Auroos Khaun, 353. TbuLAUN Booghau, fent to Timour by the Ameers who deferted from the army of Jitteh, 59. ToBLKCHEE, tribe of, appointed to receive Tumghau, 309. Aljauitoo Burdi of, made Ameer, 311. TouMUNEH Khaun, father of Kub- bul Khaun and KaujooU Bahaudur, and fourth anceftor of Chungazie Khatm, 25, N, TobbUrauze, a city of Azzurbaue- jaun, 396 miles N. ef Isfahaun, Lot. 38°. 25'. Long. 4/]". 0'. E. from. Londim. Timour marches towards it, 151. turns back by the way of, ibid. Ttjbburistaun, a province of Perfia, having the Cafpian Sea on the N. Ki- laun onthe ff^. Erauk a AHum on the S. and Khoraufaun on the E. Armies of, ordered to make ready for wari' 141. Tugwueluk Khaujeh, brother of Khaujeh Beg, Ameer of Jitteh, 71. ■■ — KhaujehBurlaus (prehabfy the fame as the freceedlng) joins Timour, 53. and is received Ijy him with marks of joy and re fpea, 55. SuLDOZE, overpowered by Timour, jtj and 77. Ttmo-ur Khaun, of the line of Chim^ze, 15, his Ameers rebel in the Duflit of Jitteh, ii. follows the advice of Timour, ibid. croffes the Sihoon at Khujjund, 15. determines to reduce Mauwur u Nu- hur, ibid, iflfues mandates of fum- mons to Timour, Am^er Haujee Burlaus and Ameer Bauezzeed Jul- lauir, ibid, rejoiced at the comitig of Timour, ^l. follows his counfel, ibid, hears that the Ameers of his three Armies had received prefents from the inhabitants of Mauwur u Nuhur, ibid, turns them out of their commands^ and appoints Haujee Muhmood Shaah Yeflboree to fupply their' place, ibid, difturbed at the rebellion of his chiefs, 1 afks counfel of Timour, 23. returns back to the Duflit of Jitteh, ibid, gives Ti- mour the government of Mauwur u Nuhur, /Wrf. reftores him the Tou- maun of Ameer Kurrauchaur Noo- yaun, ibid, breaks his engagements with Timour, and brings an army a H h h 3 ftcond XX INDEX, &c. fecond time againft Mauwur u,Nu- hur, 25. gives the government of it to Ouleaus Kiiaujeh his fon, ibid. and appoints Timour minifter and general to Ouleaus Khaujeh, ihiif. TuKKUi Bahaudur, governor of Khiook, falls upon Timour with a thoufand men, 35. TuMooKEH Bahaodur, fent ovbt the river at Turmuz with three horfe- men to gain.lntelligence of the Jetes, 59. returns after four days, ibid. KoucHEiN joins Timour with 15 horfe-men, 43. is fent by him to MubE^auruk Shaah, ibid. TxTRKHAUN, tribe of, appointed to receive Tumghau, 309. Ameer Bauezzeed of,^ made feventh Ameer, ibid, twenty perfons of» made £uz- baufhees, ibid. TuRMuz, a tity of Mauwur u Nuhur Jituate on the Jihoon, about 50 miles JVI'0^ Bullukh, being a famous, pajfage truer the_ river. Lat, about 37°. Long. f>6°. o'. E. from London. Waters •f, crofTed by Tumookeh Sahaudiir,^ 59. by Timour, 65. land of, the armies ef Jitteh plundier there.. 59. Old, the Ameers who de-- ferted the army of Jitteh arrive there, Ubbaus, one of the three Orthodox Khalifs, 183. Umlis, fon of Toumun Bahaudur, coming, into the neighbourhood of BuUukh to plunder, joins Timour with 200 horfe-men, 57. Y. Yeiqurrum Bauezzeed,^ . or .Baja* zet, 149,407,' See K.EE3«R», Yessoor, tribe. of,., ailift Ameer Khiz^ zur Yeflboree, 93. are pillaged by Ki Khiflero and Aljauitoo Burdi, ib., Yeurldaiee, people oi, join Ti- mour, 69. I N DE X INDEX OF T K b: INC I PAL. MATTERS. DMPTANT, one, ajipointed rimonr to every department of nent, to keep a journal of the ce^tiand difburfements, 307. See Auloos. ife, one, ordered by Timour uilt in every city for the poor, prime or leader j a title given he nobility of the fij-ft rank in igul empire, 15, N., divided into twelve ' ranks, of the Ameer ul Omrau is chief, tneer ul Omrau.) The Firft lade Second on bis iignalizing ' ; ■ the Second, Third j the Fourth i &ci 275,293. One allowed to the Firft, two to pnd, three to the Third, four Niccairreh to the Fourth, &c.. e Ameer ul Omrau. (See 291.) irft to bring with him into the hundred and ten horfes, the a hundred and/ twenty, &c., revenues of the frontier pro- tffigned fortheirpayment, 327; lined, in collefling the reve- lot to exa£t more than the ac- are (p hold a Jaugheer for three years ; . and longer, if the inhabitants are fatis- fied with their condudi):, 241. to be de- graded fitom their commands, if they- difohey orders in time of action, 245.- . to be exalted by a title of honour, the ftandard, the Niccaureh, the appel- lation of Bahaudur, and other dig- nities, on their defeating an army, or I reducing a kingdom, 283. . to be ap- pointed to the vice-gerency of a king- dom for three years, upon their con- quering it, 291. if tardy in execu- ting, or diibbedient to, commands,, to be inftantly put to death, 397. Ameers, Three hundred ' and thirteen,^ . of wifdom. and judgment , fele^ed from ^'imour's choien and fuperior fervants, and advanc^pd to exalted dig- nities, '269. who were as firmly uni- ted together, and to 'Timoiir, as if otie foul had animated them all, 337. never defifted from an under- taking till they had brought it to a „ conclufioii, jkiff- an e^peEier of pre- '^ ferfnetit appointed to fucceed on. the death of each, ih'td. a hundre^d ftiled Ounbaufhees; a hundred, Euzbau- XXM INDEX OF THE :2J2' ■ Four of thefe appointed Beg- lerbegs ; and one. Ameer ul Omrau, 271. Ameers, Twelve of reputation and re- nown exalted to bigii commands by Ximour, each commanding a fqua- dron proportionate to his ranic, 271. and each being deputy to his next fuperior, ibiel. the Twelfth Ameer, a commander of twelve thoufand horfe, and deputy to the Ameer ul Omrau, 273. Ameer ul Omrau, Chief of the Ameers or Nobles, 233, N. his office to iffue orders to, the Ameers, 273. and to fuperititend the payment of theMing- :baufhees , 233. his pay ten times as much as that of the officer fubor- Jinate to him, 235. receives it un- der the infpeftion of theDeewaunbe- ^heeand Vizzeers, ibid, a fiipend granted him from the revenues of a frontier province, 237. is not to per- form the duty of an Ameer, 27 3. not to take lefs than three hundred hor- fes with him into the field, 297. in- iignia of his office, the Standard, Niccaureh j Toumaun Toghe and Cher Ttighe, 291. his place in the Deewaun oh the left fide of the throne, 329. Ameers of AulOofaut, their orders for entering the field, 309. an Eur- ghe^ arid Birruck grarited to each of tftetti, ibid. . • ' • ■ — -i of HurratiWtfl, their phce in the DeeWaun, in the front of the thiione, 329. of Kiifhoonaut, what they w^ere to hririg into the field and what fliOiild be alfcwfed them, 309. of Tbumaunaiit, the fatpe. ibid. Ameer Zaudeh, ^yo« or grtmdfoji^f a ■ KingwB.Mperoryifi%. Afflwaul a Ghauibi, iheeffeSs of people lejl or qbjconded, 371. Arabic, fehterices quoted ih it, 74^ &8, Its, 132, 180, 1 88. Arrub or Ajjum, Jrabian OfPerfian^ «, 217, 323. Artificers, of every fort, of Timour's XI. Clafs, 2IS» admitted into his palace and camp, ihjd. ■ thofe of the tribes which fubmitted to him, em- ployed in his fervice, 217. Archi- tects employed by Timour in. raifing mag'nificent buildings, 213- Aftrdogers, of Timour's VIII. Clafs, 213. effential to the dignity of em- pire, ibid, affift him in afcertaining the benign or malignant afpedts of the ftars, ibid. Andiencci hall of, theTinfahtry &c. paid there, 237. affignments for the pay- ment of the Ameers and Mingbau- fliees delivered there, 239. Auloos, a tribe or hard. Plural, Au- loofaut. Auriz, a fort of field- deputy, 375, 37^. Autaukeh, an embroidered one, a mili- tary reward, m. 291. Authority, Timour's, fo fecured fcy or- fler and regulation that none had power to interpofe in hi&goveminent, 19^- - . - , B. Babaudui;, ^the, braxe , an appellation given tQ thofe who fignalized them- ftlves in battle^ 283, N. Baudit anjd Huvvaui, revenues 9f, 371. ^ee Hijyv.aui. , 1, r Bauwulli, a Moguk word, its mesining unknown, 277* Begging opt allowed by Timsur,- 349, .361. See Mendicants. Peglerb'egs , ^nerak or fiommajtders tf the fii^ rank, w. 271. if tardy in executing, ot (}'fobe4i.ent to com- , m^nds, tQ be iiiftantiy gut, to, death, 297' :^jrruck, (IVlogul) a tittle ifl'^^.J^: Bii^ons atid vagrants,, not to, be fuf- fered in, city or epuntrjf, 347.- Bukdeh„,p3rt,9f, the, dr^f?, ofi cejewpny pf tlie.Atn4?i^i ^^C;., 297. ,. , . , .B^Bwavn- PRINCIPAL MAT T B R S. xxiU 'Sorrauoghaur, the r^arUnetf the right vihigy 389. CQilfifts of 3 fquadrons in an army of 12^000, ibi^. of 6 in an army of 40,000, p.399. when to •enter into a6ti( 1, 393, 403. m. 405, C. 'Caaba,, the black ftone torn from, its^ corner, 185. jGavtaivy, their accompts made up^lf- yeairly, 237^ paid- from the treafury, -Cher I'oghc, a fart ofjlandardorfpear, a military dinin6tion granted to the Ameer ul Omrau, 291. Cbupkunchee, four diviftons of, ap- pointed to f€our the country round the camp, 301. Chuppauwul, the front line of the tight wing, 389. when to e-nter. into ac- tion, 393. confifts of fix fquadrons, when the army-eifceedfi 40,000,.. «&«W. their order of entering into a6lion, 403. m. 407. "TimouE.,divides.his jjpppje into XII. 105. and coniiders them as the iz months, and as the 12 figns of the Zodiac, .predoBiu^ating over the con- cerns of bis etnpire, ibid-. ^afs I.. The defcendants of the Pro- phet, theologians, dodtors learned in the law, and holy men, ibiii. II. Perfons of wifdom, deliberation,. vi- gilance, circumfpedlion,. and aged men, ibid. III. Devout and pious man (fuppofed to be a feledion from the iirft clafs), 215, and N. IV. Ameers, chiefs,, and commanders of forces, 20.7. V. Soldiers and fubjeas, 209. VI. A felefted number from amongft the wife and prudent,- to whom fe- crets and the moft hidden tranfadiions were entrufted, an. Vil. Vizzeers, fecretaries and fcribes, VIII. Phyficians, furgeons, aflrologers, •and geometricians, 2i3' IX. I^ftorians, and men of knowledge,, ibid, X. Holy and pious men, poffeffed of wifdom (fuppofed to be Hermits or Monks), 215, and N. XL Artificers of all forts, ibid. XII. Travellers, voyagers, nierchants,, and chiefs of Kauisruvvauns, ibid. Gondufl:, an account of Timouf's, left' by him as an example to his fons and defcendant^, for the attaining, and preferving of dominion, 158, 159* He promoted- the worfliip of Almighty God,, and always fupported rhe Ma- hummudan faith, 159. ranked his- people under different daffes (fee Clafles ) I5g, 201. always com- plied with, times and occafions, 161.- condu£ted the affairs of his empire with-generofify, patience, and ptfKcy, md. fo regulated his government by order and diFeiplihe, that none of his fubjeils could alpire beyond their re- fpettive degrees, ibid, encouraged his officers and foldiers by bis libera- lity,' t^i^. fhared with them in all their labours and hardihips, ibid, on hh acceffion to the throne, abandoned eafe and fafety, to eftablifh the giory> of his name, 163. gained the affec- tions of his people by juftic&and cle-- mency, ibid, by rewards and punilh>. nients kept his fubjedls divided be- tween hope and fear, 165. compaf- fionated the lower ranks of his peo- ple, ibid., always gave fentence a— greeably to the facred law, ibid, re- ceived with kindnefs all whofubmit- ted to him, ibid, treated with efteem i and veneration all perfons diftinguiih- ed for religion or learning,. fiiV. af- fociated with good and learned men, . intreated their fupport, . and fought; fuccefs from their prayers, 167. loved the poor, and neither ojyjf^ffed nor^ excluded them his favour, Vfo"*/. , at- tended not to malevolent iaiinuations, ibid.. xxur INDEX OF T. H E Wid. made one undertaking tbe foje obje£l of his attention, until it was ■brought 'to a conclufion, «i«rf. dealt ;iiot with feverity towards any, nor was oppreffive in any of -his adtions, ibid, enquired into the^ laws and- re- gulations of ancient, princes, and tlierefrom felefted models for his own imitation, ibid, efteemed the great as his brethren, and. the poor as his •children, 169. made himfelf ac- ■quainted \vith tbe difppfitions aijl wiflies of the inhabitants and nqbles -of every country, and appointed over- them governors adapted thereto, ibid. punifhed all who were guilty of op- preffion or cruelty, ibid. received all officerSj of what tribe, country, or nation fpevier, with particular re- fpeft, 171. always repaid the value of fervices, ibid, and 199. received fais enemy with kind nefs and liberality' whenbefubmitted, and pardoned dif- loyalty in confideration of valour, ib. ^peculiarly diftinguiihed in his prpfpe- rity all thofe with whom he bad been connefled in the days of diflrefs, 173, j;99. ihewed clemency to his. rela- tions, ever fiibflitutiiig pardon in the place of punifliment, ibid, and N. .dealt with every one according to, his opinion of the perlbn's worth, ib. con- ^u6ted himfelf with caution and poli- cy towards friends and enemies, ibid. honourably treated the captive who Jiad behaved with fidelity, to bis maf- ter, ibid, and confidered tbe foldier of the foe wbo deferted in tbe time of aflion, as the moft deteilableof men, 175. fo fecured his authority bjre- .gulations and order, that none bad power to interpofe in his government, 199. either overlooked, or bore with J)atience, tbe faults of thofe about him, ibid, buried in oblivion all paft evil actions, ibid, never gave way to jevenge, 201. ordered that all repre- ientations fent to hinx, all orders if- fued by hini, and every matter deba- sed In council to be inferted in the narrative of his tranfailions, jdjr. expelled from his prefcnce the wicked and feditious, ibid, obtained the obedience of his fubjefb by compla- cency, mercy and indulgence, iJ/id. commanded tbat every perfon who came before him, and attra£ted his notice, (hould receive honours pro- portionate to his rank, ibid. - /egii- lated bis conduiS): by certain maxims and rules ( fee Maxims and rules ), -221 and 335. ,. thofe admitted liot into his fef vice .who hact been faitb- lefs to his enemies, 319. oh. his attaining fupreme power, he , con- dudled himfelf in the fame manner both to friends and enemies^ 323. and received bis enemies wbo had in- jured and pra£lif?d deceit upon him with fuch kindnef^ that they bluflied at their own unworthinefs, ibid, and •325. made compenfation to every one whom be had injured or diftrelT- ed, and balanced his diftrelTes by kindnefs and gratuities, ./^/V. and 325. confidered his friends, wbo had always adhered to him, as the partners of his fortune;. and regarded not the riches and wealth he coiiferred upon them, 325. overcame the refractory by their own devices, 347. confined the bafe and abjedt within their proper bounds, 345. gave back the government of every country to. its refpeftive prinCe, and fecured his, obedience, by kind- nefs, 347. protedted.the inhabitants of every conquered kingdom from injuries, 355. and ordered the fpoils taken tbence to "be re-taken from the fpoiler, 357. , Couhi[:U, , getieral^ -writers of, appointed to keep a full account of^ all matters debated- thercj which were ordered. to be inferted in the narrative of Ti- mour's tranfa£lions, 307. the ma- levolent and evil not fufiiered to en- ter therein, 167. Timour's Ameers, chiefs, and commanders offerees ad- mitted thereto, 207, PRINCIPAL MATTERS. XXV Council, private, perforis of wifdom, de- liberation, vigilance and circumfpec- tion, and aged men admitted thereto, 205. feveral members thereof, trea- cherous to Timour, 2:59. *'^ matters appertaining to the imperial dignity, the appointment of officers, plans of operation &c. communicated to Ti- mour Hrerein, 307. fecretary ap- pointed to attend it, ih. See Secretary. Counfel, one of the chief fupports of empire, 7. ufed by Timour in all his enterprifes, 9, 15, two forts of, of the tongue, and of the heart, i^- that of the heart alone attended to by Timour, ibid, that rejeded which caufed difunion amongft his foldiers, 15. that only regarded, which was "given with firmniefs and judgment, ibid, CounfcHors, thofe only worthy who fteadfaftly adhere to their determina- tions, 13. Criminals, pardoned by Timour for their firft offence, 219. adequately puniflied if they offend afterwards, ibidi not to be fined and corporally punifhed at the fame time, 251. D. Deedbaun, obfervers, people appointed to reconnoitre the motions of tie enemy, 401. Deef^aun, none to appear there in time - of peace without the drefs of cere- mony, 297. the drefs of ceremony defcribed, ibid, Deewaunbeghi, prejident of the council. 2j, N. his place in the Deewaun ■ oppofite the throne, 329. his fub- fiftence ten times as much as that of an Ameer, 235. fuperintends the payment of the Ameer ul Omrau, ibid, his oiHce to lay before the em- peror the flatement of the falaries of the people, and to pay them agree- ably thereto, ibid. m. 305. Dervaiib, a hermit or niOrii, Timour's grand^children to be reduced to this ftate when they rebel, 243. people of this profeffion, loved by Timour, 167. m. 89. Defigns,formedbyTimourforthe reduc- tion of kingdoms, and for his condud towards friends and enemies, &c. 3. I. When TughuUuk Timour Khaun firft invaded Mauwur u Nuhur, ig. II. When Tughulluk invaded Mauwur u Nuhur a fecond time, 25. IIL When Aali Begh Choun Ghoor- b'auni had imprifoned him, 35. IV. When he had efcaped from Aali Begh, and was fojourning in the de- fart of Khauruzm, 39. V. When he had gathered together an army, and was meditating the inva- fion of Mauwur u Nuhur, 45. VI. When Kurrumfeer had fubmitted to him, and he was colleiling an ar- my to fubdue Mauwur u Nuhur, 49. VII. When his army was increafed to 313 horfe-men, and he was medi- tating the redudion of Aulaujou, 55. VIII. When he was oppofed by the ar- my of Jitteh, 6i.' IX. When he had defeated the army of Jitteh, and was endeavouring to efta- blifh his regal power^' 65. X. When he departed to fubdue the countries of BuddukhfhaUn, 67. XI. When Buddukhfhaun had fuomit- nnitted to him, and he was medita- - ting the conqueflof Khuttulaun, 69. XII. -When fome of his- chfefs were dlfTatisfied, and he was endeavouring to reconcile them, 73. XIII. When he was oppofed by Ou- leaus Khaujeh at the bridge of Sun- ' gheen, 77. Deftgns, Timour's, for fubduing Hur- " raut. III. for conquering the coun- tries of Seiftaun, Kundahaur, and the ' fend of the Oughauns, 113. for van- quifhingAuroos Khaun, 115. forfub- duing Kilaun-, Jurjaun, Mauzlndu- raun, Azzurbauejaun , Shurwaun, Fauris and Erauk, 117. for reducing Touktumhiilh Khiatin, 121.' for con- quering Bughdaud and Erauk a Ar- T i ■ riih. xijb, la^ forie»t)>paJti«ig TQuktum- JXUlh I^naj^qu 127. fpr educing the empire of Hindoftaun,, 129. for pleajcing t:he road to Hindoftaun, of the Ougbauns, 135. for vanquifhing Sooltaun Muhmood, the ruler of Dehli, and Mulloo Khaun, 1,37. for reducing the countey of Qoom^wm; 141. for conquering Miiuir and Shaum, 145. for fubduing the cities of Sioom, and defeating the armies of Keefur, 14^9. Drum, one, allowed to the EuzbaHfliee and Ounbaufhee ^Asmeers,, as a mili- tary diftinflion, 291. Dufht, a large plains or champa'tn couti" try. Duvv'auleh Chouk, one horfe-man to be brought from each by the Ameer of every Aubos, 309 and N. E. Empire, without religioo, likened to a naked man, 175., and to a houfe without a roof, gatep, or defiances, ihidp the offices in an earthly one, fymbols of thofe in the heavenly, 201. it's concerns neceflary to be divided amongfl many, left too much being entrufted to one, he become too.power/ul, 225. will decay, un- lefs eftablilbed in morality and reli- gion, 175. it's chief fupport delibe- ration, CQunfe], and provident mpa- fures, 7. phy4cians, furgeons, and geometricians eflentiaj to itfs dignity, 213. Eookee (Mogul) fuppofed tofignifya watch-word^ 299. Ti-rTbe^eey a pre/enter 0/ feiitiensa 305, N. Eufpof, Jofeph, chap, ofj m. 19, the Koraun opened by Timour at ^at place, on his feeking an omen, ibid. Euzbauihee, commander if a hundrtd^ 229. the manner of bis appointment, ibid, has power to appoint an Oun- baufliee, 231. may be appiwited by INDEX op T H P 9 Mingbau(liAe»»£i< and 325. Furraufhaun, people empkyei to a^Si tents, 235. fuMAence of, fixed at from loo to lOOQ,: «&/tbe field of battle and order of the enemy, ibid, anderftaxideth the fcience and difcipline of war, and what meafires to pudue in attacknig the enemy, ik comprehendeth their intentioas, and coumea-af£te^ then- modons and de- figns, ibid, and x^g.^^of 40,0'ooborfe dire&ioms fart 387,389. hie 'duty to watch ooiitinually the motions of the foe, and to chaftrEe thofe officers, who, widwut ordecs, advance on the enemy, 39 1 . not to purfue an enctny, who, without cauje, fleeth from the fidd,- Had. Dir^ioiis for ihis attack- ing the enemy, 391, 393. a ttea- cherous, to be put to diiath, 321. < Oeometriciansj of Timour's yHI. Clafe, 213. efteemed by him as el^tial to the dignity of Empiit, ibid, affifted him in planning and cDnftru6iing magnificent buildings,;^. Governors, thofe not fit to govern, whofe authority is inferior to the power of the fcourge, 241. tiieir duty, to levy fines on the guilty pro- portionate to their miidemeanours^ 349. Guards flationed at the eatr;iAae of Toadsi to defend the merchants and ~ trav^ert , 347} 369* jtccountiible for the value of every trang loft theiteiw,'^« H. I]eHi»«$,r(or Monks) ^ramfed to be the holy, pious men of Timow's X. XX9U Claft,. 215, N. knowledge of a fu- ture flate acquired from them, ibid. delight and htMstStion reaped from their conversation and working of miracles, ibid. Hijrut, or Hijreh, the Mahummtidan Mrtty cemmenti'ng A.T>. 622, m. 153. fiiftorians, of Timour's IX. Clafs, 213. treated witih e&eem and vene- ration by him, 165. his kftOWfedge wf Mftoty and geography acquired from th«m, iUd. Moorram SunjaS^ Sm-l^liit., a lady of Timour's, receives the fupplies to be granted to the diftreffed, that he may be enabled to cultivate his ruined lands, 369. fuperintendants appointed to watch over him and the cultivated lands, 371. Huft and Bood,. fiitie regulation for col' leSiing certain duties i 367., ' Huvvaui and Baud i, the third Yizzeer in every country to take pofle;flion of their revenues, 371. See Sauir. Immaum, a prieft or prelate. ImmAwamty the office of Immzam. Aali appointed fucceffor to it„ 185., , Intelligence, concerning foreign priaces and countries, tranfmitted to Timour by 1000 fwiftcamel-men, looo^horfe- men and ipoo foot-men whom he fe- le£ted for that purpofe, ibid, alfo by travellers, whom he encouraged for the fame, 215. and by merchants and chiefs of Kauruvvauns, 217. — — — — — writer of, an officer ap- . pointed by Timour in every place, to fend him a full account of all. things tranfafled therein, 349, 351. how pujiifhed for giving. falfe accounts, Iflaum, religion of,, the fame as the Ma- hummudan, m. JjS>J77i 179j 183, 189, 193, 197. See Religion. J. Jaugjieer, a royal grant of certain lands.; er more properly, an ajjignmentof the trown-revtnues of a certain diflriii to any one, and revocable at the pkdfuri of the, prince, 230, N. Jaugheerdaur, the holder of a Jaugheer, 239, N. his condudl infpefted by two fupervifors, ibid, the flate of his province to he infpefted after three years, ibid, to be deprived of it, and his fubfiftence, for 3 years, if the inhabitants are diiTatisfied, ^41. Jaumeh, an upper coat, a part of the drefe of ceremony of the Ameers, ice. Judge, one, appointed in every city and town , eftabi 177. one, eftablifhed for the army, one, for the fubjef^s, ibid. . one, in equity, appointed by Timour, to tranfmit to him all mat- ters of litigation, 179. • eccle&aftical, (and the Suddur) ordered to lay before Timour, from time to time, all the ecclefiaftkat affairs of the empire, 179. and' to decide on cafes determinable by^ the facred law, 253. civil, hii office to lay before Timour thofe cafes which were not determinable by the facred law, ibid. Judges, their place in the Deewaun on the right fide of the throne, 329. Jurraungbaur, the rean line of the left wing, 389. confifts of 3 fquadrons , in an army of 12,000, ibid, of fix fquadrons in an army of 40,000^ p. 399. when to enter into a^ion, 393, 403; referves of, thofe related to the imperial family, 405. who when the commander of the Jurraun- ~ ghaur fails in his duty, muft advance to the alTault, ibid, Jurreeb", a certain land-^meafart. Re- ftri£bed lands, divided into firft, fecpnd and third Jurreebs, when-thefubjefl: was difiatisfied with the mode of col- leAion, 365. ■ the eftimation of the produce of the firft, fecond, and third, ibid. lands, depending on rain, divided into, Hid. - i , JufTauwullaun PRINCIPAL MATTERS. XXIX Juffauwiillaun, probably fame particular order af.foldiers, m. 235. fubfiftence of,eftabli{hcd at from 1000 to iq,ooo, ibid, were payed yearly together with the infantry &c, in the hall of audi- ence, 237. Kauruvvauns, w. 95,97ii53>. their de- parture and arrival, regiftered by Ti^ mour's writers of intelligence, 351. ■ ■ '—. Chiefs of, appointed by Timour to travel into different coun- tries, to bring back merchandize, and to inform him of the fituation, man- ners, and cuftoms of the inhabitants^ 215,217. K.auruwaiiDfurai, buildings for the r'er ception of travellers, ordered to be built in every road at the diftance of a ftage frtim each other, and people appointed to refide there, 369. , Keefur,. «frilf of the Turkifli emperors, ■ 131. . \ ,. . Khaun, a prince or emperor, 283. iKhaukaun, titU of the King of Toorhif- r taun, 131. ., Khauneh, ahoufe, 309. Khillaufut, the igice of Khalif, m. 187. Khirgauh, a Tartar tent or but, 309. Khulleefeh, a fucceffor e/" Mabummud, r m. 257. the Fourth Khulleefeh,. a quefiion propofed to him, 17. . his an- fwer, ibid. tJ.B. This Fourth is Aali, v/ho is elfewhere fiiled jirfi fuccifforof Mahummud. His being called both firji and fourth, is occaftoned by ihedif- ferentfeiti of Mahummudans, fime • bolimg that Aali was the firfi, ethers , that Akm Bukkur, Omur, and Of- maun preceded him. . . Timour was of this leitterfeif, who are, called Sunnjtes. Khutbeh, a difcourfe. read by the MuUas an fridays in the, Mofyues, in Which the prince then reigning, is prajed for, A^auitoo Sooltaun orders the names , of the fuccelTors pf Mahummud to l^e recited theysin, ;i 95. . King, A, ought not fpeedlly to de-r grade the fervant whom he hath ex- , alted, nor to negled thofe whom he knoweth or retnembreth, 317. but if he .chance unjuftly to difgrace a faithful fervant, he ought to. confer- double honour upon' him, ibid, his duty to extirpate the authors, of .ty-» ranny and oppreiBoH from every king- dom, 331,333. ought . to eftabli& . 'the: true faith, by invading ihpfe . countries wherein it is negled'ed, ibid, his duty to invade a kingddm divided by factions, and herefies, 335. twelve, Maxims neceffary for every one to adhere to, 221. See Maxims. KingSy nothing more worthy their va- lour than conquering kingdoms and empires, and waging holy war with infidels, 141. Timour obtained the Thrones of twenty fgven, 1 63. Koollauh, a cap, part of the drefs of ceremony, 297. Koornifli» not to be given to the fol'- diers who turn their; backs in battle, 277. Kootwaul, one appointed in each quarter of Timour's camp, 301. his office, ibid. Koraun, Timour feeks an omen in it concerning his fubmitting to T^u- ghuUuk Timour Khaun, 19. con- cerning hijs attacking the army of the Jetes, 75. concerning his taking the abfolute command, 89. concerning his invading Hindoftaun^, i 33,/«. iDi . Kotul, a perfon appointed to fucceed on , the death or difmiffion of an o|Glcer, 75- ' ' - ;a ; J , Koul, the main •body',. 389. when to enter into aftion, 393, 403. ,, order of the troops near it, 397,. 399. s of Yeldurrum' Bauezzeefd^ at- tacked by Aboo Bukkur,, 407. \ —— of Timour, petij^trated tot>y Shaah Munfo(E)ri /Wis'.. ; ' r . Kulkch&e, twelve thousand men of the fw.or^, cantoned in and about the pa- Iace> 299. , Kttlluck- XXX INDEX OP THE KuUuckcheaun, prabably feme partimkr erier of foldiers, m. 235. fubfiftence of, eftablilbed at from 1000 to lo.oqo, ibid, payed yearly, together widi the infantry, &c. in the hall of ^udieiKe, 237- -Kullung, a military mark of difimiikn, 291. Kummur, a belt or girdle, 29 1 . Kuraumuteh, a fiSt foundm by Kura- mut in the third century of the Hij. They feize the city of Mecca under Aboo Tauhir, 185. Kurrauwul, plur, Kurrauwulaun, light troops, or feouts, 65,401. negligence of, occafions Tintiour's being furpri- zed by Ouleaus Khaujeb, 65. bring intelligence to him of the army of Ameer Hooiilein, 103. are Rationed on each fide of the Hurrauwul a Hur- rauwul, 401. •— — — - Beghs, commanders of the Kurrawulaun, ibid. Kufhoon, a body of militafy men fome- thing left than the Tdumam, 29, N. Plur. Kuihoons, and Kufhoonaut, M. MauIsumattAJj impofis, or dwties, 2<37, ^nd N. MaxiiMs XII ; neceffary for every prince to adhere to, asi. I. To fflake it evident to all his fub- ]t&s, that bis words and actions are liis own> afld that none elfe hach i^^ ^ence ther-ein, ibid, to hear the counfel of all, but not to be fo far pMeA tbet^y, as to make them his •equals in tbe eOfic«rns of govern- ment, ilnd, IJ. To adhere fteadfaftly fo juftice in all Ws a<^l«>As, and fe vtaf^&y vir- «a6us and jiril miniAers, iSid. III. To zGt with fu^ refc^utitm and firamefe ia Ms cot^tiiafids^ ^a« no^ IV. To perfift invariably in hie deter- minations, till they are brought to a 4e)i^ekrion, ibid. V. To enforce obedience to his com- mands, whatever be the refult, ibidi VI. Not to truft the concerns of go- vernment, or his authority, to any one, a?5. VII. To attend to the opinions of his fervanei, and to fele6l what is good therefrom, 227. VIII. To be cautious and circumfpeft in forming his determinatL(/ns ; not fuffering hlmfelf to be influenced by the information of his officers con- ' cerning any one, until the truth fee proved, ibid. IX. To fo imprefs the majefty of his dominion on the hearts of his fub- jeds, that none may prefume to dif- obey his commands, ibid. X. To adhere to that which he fayeth; his word being the moft valuable of ail things, ibid. XI. To confider himfelf as fingle and fole governor ; not allowing any one to beeome his af&ciate, 229. XII. To make himfelf acquainted'; with the manners and difpo^tions of bis courtiers and favourites, and to be very cautious iqi whom he repofeth confidence, ibid. Maxims IV. ftead^ftly adhered to by Timour in his feduflion of king- doms, 335. I. To enter upon every enterprize WitSi deep deliberation, and mature counfel, ibid. II. To ufe policy and ciroumfpeiftion in executing hk defigns, 337. to inform hifitv^f ef th« dil^o4(itions and genius of the natives of every coun- try ; and to acGORinitodate himfelf to their pf^iffldkeS in the ts^'poiatflflent of theif g6V€rn®TBj Hidi III. T6 ^tR the aiSediidns aitd attach- ment of a MtSt part of his Kobitity, ibid. See Ameefs* IV. AlwaJ»S to ad with expe^tloB, ex- «^t ^l»ft ttelay was poHcy j and 1t4tta ieverhy or leility, as ^calion required. Never to e^fititriit tb -the fword what might otherwife be ef- fected. I^ R I N CI P 4 L MATTERS. feffled.. To fp^ojithe (izf, ipiex^tni- niag.thfi difficulti^ .gf conqueft. yv;ijth Ifrife and experieQced men, and the nigiu in djdiberatMig^ and forming die plan for the execution of his re- folutions, 339. Meadicjants, fubfi^fkc^ ^Upwed them by TwnpuE, 340,-36 1. ^ to be fpjd, or ex^idled j^ns. doRiMiip^F) i4 '^^^^^ tegi^mg tius fi^b&fteiKe^ t^y con- tinued to aikslins, ^f, I^er Tppzzifk, pf^iSatons^ mofitrs ef the ttremtnies, 33i„»nd^i Mingbaqflice, teenier of a tiiat^qndy the manner, of his appuntment,: 231 » .sij>- points the £uKbwbef« '^> b^fubtiif- tenpe ^ree tiines as miich as that of the £u»baulb^ tHi receives his pay under the inl^e^ipn pf the Ameei ul jQmrau, ihid. the interipr diftrii£):s allotted ^ his fubfiften^ JZJJ!* to ibe 9iP^inted Ameer on bis fijgpa- lizilig hiinfelf, 275^ to bf ^SP^i^.ted lord ' pf a ^ncipaUty' on bis 4sfeatiii\g the forcfss of bis antsagpni^, aSgr bis accoutrementscf war, 295. his4i«efs .of ceremony, 297. his place in the JQeewaun, on tbs left fide of the tbcone, ^9. m. 273, 397. Miniftcn See Vizaeer. Milkaiul, an arable dradim, the la'". ptrt «f an ounces m. 365. Mqgul words, diftingiiifhed from the Perfian by an afteri£ in this edition, 3,N. Monaftery, one, ordered by Timour to be built in every city, ijg. Mofque, one, ordered to be built in every town by Timour, 371. Mozeh, baits, ^m of the drefs of ce- remony of the Ameers,. 291, Musjid (orMofqiue) the imperialt the theologians affembled there by ^\- jauitoo Sooltaun, i89> m. 193. Niccaur^, a ikd of ket^dtMrn, S^3, XXXI Nooyaun,. a prince or ^Jcmf^ut if • pt-inUf 23, N. Np^niaun, of the fame Jignific(ition as the preteedingy 339. NufFeer, a fort pf trumpet, a military diftjni^ion ^Jloyyed to the Mipg^u- IheeAine^r, ;i9i. O. Omens, fought for by Timptir previpus to all bis undertakings j 19. one, jdrawn from the ^Lc^aun, .cpnqerni^g his fubmifliQn to Tugbulluk Timour ^hami, ibid. conqerni^g his sit- tacking the J^s, 75, /^pnc^njng his tafoing the abfc^ute foyece^^ i^. cpncerningjiis expedition ag^ft flii^dqfiaun, I1S3. 0^^\^il^'^,,eemnumder rften,7.7.- moting and rewarding his foldiers, 275. the conferring honours and rewards on his Atneers, foldiers, and- fiibjedls, 283. concerning the arms and necefTaries of foldiers, 293. the honours of the Niccaureh and Stand- ard, 291. concerning the imperial guards, with rules to be obferved in the. Prefence, in times of war and peacej 297. the departments of Viz- zeefs, 301. the governments of the Ameers of Auloofaut, Kulhoonaut, and Toumaunaiit, 307. the beha- viour of fervants towards their prince^ and of the vantage reaped from their niediatidM^. 207. victories obtained thraiigh their prayeri, Ihid. an iriffiatice thereof, ihid. twelve holy, ivftiofe one of Tittlour's Withes to h^lth fbr la- years,, each giving het a ye^r df his. own exilfence, iMd. Slahder, maiiy people loversof It, 220i. Soldiets, equally regained- as the fuB* je6b by Titnbur, itx}* keptiii rea- dilielV, and their wages adi^iKed to them before they were due, ttid. cGa." fined to their ref^edive ftatioiikf ibtH'. thofe rewarded who figrisdized'thenl* laves,;*. thoftof the eneniyiihconto* rated with Timour's troops- on tneii' fubmiffion, 217. defcendahts df, eh^ . rolled amonglt the imperial forces, and promoted according>to their coii- dii£l^ 219. ten diftinguifhed, ap-^ point the Outibaulhee, 229* fubfif- Kkk tenc« XXXIV INDEX OF T H B tence of, fixed at the value of their horfes, 233. fubliftence of the foot, fixed at from 100 to 1000, ibid, a written order for their fubfifteirce to be delivered to each, 235. the foot, paid yearly, and the horfe, halfii yearly, ibtd. on their being guilty of oppreiEon, to be delivered into the hands of the oppreiled, 251. to be promoted to the rank of Ounbau- ihee, on their firft (ignalizing them- felves, 275. their firmnefs and fpirit to be ctinfldered, ihid. Koornifli iiot to be given to thofe who turn their feacks in battle, 277. thofe to be pardoned, who flee from abfolute necelHty, or who are ftruck with a panic, ibid, their wounds to be con- iidered as proofs of their vaIour,v and they to be rewarded accordingly, ibid, their rights not to be invaded, ibid^ not to be deprived of their rank and pay, ' when advanced in years, ibid, the aged warriors to be treated with honour, . their counfel to be regarded,. ;and themfelves to be coniidered as the ornaments of the empire, 279.' their fons to fucCeed to their dignity and ftation, ibid. thofe taken in battle, not put to death by Timour, ibid, received into his fervice, if they confented ; if not, were fet at liberty, ibid, thofe treated by Timour wit^ honour and confi- dence, who after behaving faithfully to their Prince, left him through, pe^ ceSity, ibid, and 317. their , habili- ments of war, 293, 295, 297. cha- rafter of the good and faithful,' 313, 3iS> 3i7> 319- any bne quitting his niafter in time of peace, may be received by another, 319. the glory of him who defeateth his ene- my, to be exhibited in a ten -fold light, and himfelf.to be prpinoted for the encouragemeiit of others, 321. he to be prefented as a gift to. the foe, who oppofeth his, maf: ter's inteisefl^ and leagueth with the enemy, ibid, his duty to bear lightly the mock of th6 enemy's attack, and to ftand firm and patient, 377. to be rewarded with a Kullung, or embroidered Autaukeh, with a horfe, fword, and belt, on his diftinguifhiiig himfelf, 291. the inflnuations of the envious not to be heard againft a valiant one, 321. one of tried magnanimity more valuable than a thoufand who want difcretion, 7. thofe prohibited Timour's fervice, who had been faithlefs to his enemies, 319. to be received with honour, on their fpontaneous return to their mafler after defertion, 317. Subordination, negle^ of, caufeth cor« ruption and violence, 203. Suddur, or Sedr, his authority, 177, N. appointed by Tjmour to watch over the cohduft of others, to regu- late the manners of the times, to appoint fuperiors in holy offices, and to ordain penfions &c, ibid, ordered to lay before Timour alf ecclefiaftical affairs, 179, 305. Supna, the. traditions of Mahummud, which by the orthodox Moflems are con~ Jidered as a fupplement to tijg Koraun, and of equal (Authority, 185. SuperviTors, two appointed by Timour to every, province on which a royal ailignment was granted, 239. their pSict, ibid. ' one appointed by the Suddur to infpeft the weights and meafures, 177- Surgeons, of Timour's VII. Clafs, 213. eflential to the dignity of empire, ibi.d. Surmozeh, a fort of leathern clog covering' the foot of the boof,z part of the dreis of cererhbny of the Ameers &c. 297. Sword, one tenth of the requifites for conducing the affairs of dominion, 7. far inferior to policy, /^«^. nothing to be committed to it, vvhich can ptherwife be effected, 339. Taxes, PRINCIPAL MATTERS. Xxxv T. Taxes, the- poll and houfe, not to be levied oh any town, 349. old ones, to be continued, if agreeable to the fubjeds. of any reduced kingdom, 363. to be determined according to the fertility and quantity of cultivated lands, ibid, equal to f of the pro- duce, if the lands were watered by- perpetual fprings, ibid, value always . fixed according to the value of the neceffaries of life, 'ibid, equal to half the produce of the land, divided into Jurreebs, 365. equal to y or i of the lands depending on rain, ibid, not to be colleiSled before the gathering . in. of the_g»ain, '367. may be col- lefted by threats, but not by a(£tual punifhment, 24 1. a gatherer of, not to be appointed, if the fubjeft pay fpontaneoufly, 367. ■ on herbs &c. determined ac- cording to the ancient practice, 367. to be fettled according to the Huft and Bood, when the fubje£bs are difr fatisfied, /i/V. colleAed at three dif- ferent times after harvefl, ibid, not fettled till three years after the firft cultivation of wafte lands, and then determined according to the Regula- - tions, ibid. Theologians, of Timour's I. Clafs,.205. their place in the Deewaun on the right fide of th^ throne, 329. treated by Timour with efteem and venera- tion, 165.. accefs to him granted them at all times, ibid, queftioivs propofed to them by him concerning things lawful and forbidden, 205. thofeof the eiiemy received with re- verence, on their fubmifEon, 217, 357. penfions, falaries, and fubfif- tence allowed .them by Timour, 235, 357. they decree 'Timour to be the Reftorer andPromoter of theMahum- tnud^ faith, 181. 1 feley him to the aid of the Almighty, 7, 35, 39, 127. ob- tained by the prayers of devout and pious men, 207. foretold to Timour ' by a voice from heaven, 79. hid» den by the curtain of fate, 145.. Vizzeers, of Timours Vll.Clafs, 211. the niioft refpe£table and confidential of the fervants of royalty, 245. their Kk-k2 place xxxv! INDEX OP THE jpiacs in the Deewaun pppofite the dirone, 329. their fubfiftKice ten times as much as that of the Ameers, 235. their office to lay before the emperor the aiFaiirs of his whole go- vernment, 211. to keep the treafury rich, ibid, to infpe£l: the revenues and expences of government, ibid. not to be haftily punifhed, when ac- cufed of treachery, 245. their pu« nifhment, when guilty cf peculation, 247, 249. are a clafs of ^nen v/ha have many enemies, T^q. are betrayed by thofe they patronize, and oppofed by thofe they negle^ ibid. Four qualities neceflary for Vizzeers, I. Firmnefs and generonty. H. Underftanding and fagadty, ill. A capacity of cp(iciliatiag mens afFeS:iens. IV. Patience under difSculties. Pre-eminence to be conferred on fuch minifters by confidence, efleem, dif- cretibnary power, and authority,a53, . 257. — to be ftiled Lords if the fwerd rOnd pen, upon their conquering or preferving a kingdom, 265. to be txpelted jvom their- office, iftbey fay evil of others, and endeavour to ruin the good and virtuous, 255. their office not to be ' conferred on the wicked and revengeful, ibid, nor on pevfons of niean birth, 257. Vizzeer, a tiad, caureth the deftru(Sbion of his mafter's power, 223,259,267. . a wile, he who ufeth mild- nefs and feverity in moderation, 259. ■ a perfe£t, who never giveth way to revenge^ jiid. < ■I an intel^gent and fagaeiaus, who a£ledk with citmm^eSba and policy, a&l. ■ • an experienced and active, who attendeth to liie population and cul- tivatipQ of the country, and ha^ard- eth his fcMtune and life ia the fervice of his mafter, ibid. Ill I , a virtuous, whofe good quali- ties exceed his failings, 2631 a flcilful and able, who hath capacity to divide or unite the powec qf armies, and to fow divifions amongft the eneoues of his mafter, 265. four appointed to attend the imperial Deewaun, fubordinate to the Deewaunbeghee, 301, 307. I. of the country and the fub- jed;, his office, 303. II. of the armies, bis office. ibid. • III. of the Sauir and Huvvaui, his office, ibid. ■ IV. of the imperial houfe-hold. his office, 305. ■ Three, appointed over the fron- tiers, and the demefnes of the crown, ibid, fubordinate to the Deewaun* beghee, ibid, — Three, to he ftationed in ev?ry country, 371*^ their office$,&c. ibid. W. Wicked and iedttious, expelled by TI- mpur from his prefence, 201. Word, nothing fo valuable to pxiinces as having a juS veneration for it, £27. equal to a ^rnily of priiaees and a rick trea&iry, ibid, maketh numerous fubjefts and power^ ar- ffiies, ibid. Y. Yettool, a reyai grant. See Jaug^eer. Yole Bplifhua, a Mogul etpceffion, ufedby Tmour to Ouleaus Khaujeh, YuffiitKWiilltuio, a fert ef guardi.^ mef- foigers^ tlieir fubfiiftence eflablifiied at from 1000, to 1 0,000, p. 235. paid yearly, together with the io&ntry «tf . in tmhall of audience, 237. - I - doAti of, fhuioned at the door of ^e imperial pavilipn, 329. ( xxxvii ), The Names of the principal Perfons and Places mentioned in this Work, according to the different Orthography of Mr. Davy, and Monf. Petis de la Croix; accommodated to the Ufe of thofe who wi(h to compare the different Accounts. Xa Croix. Mr> Paw. Abbas — Aboubecre Aldtimur Aleppo All Anatolia. Azad Azerbijane Bagdad Bajazet Bale Barcoc Bedakchan Bel Berlas Bocara CabiU Cabulchah Cachmir Can A. B, C. *,- Ubbaus. Aboo Bukkur. Eekoo Timour. HuUub. Aali. Rpom. Auzadd. Azzurbau^aun, Bughdaud* BuUukb. Burkook. Buddukfliaun* Bcgh. Burlaus. Bokhaurai Kaubul. Kaubul Shaahi Kuihtneer. Khaun> La C^oi:^. ... Mb., Davy* Candahar Cannoudge Capchac Car^ Carezm Carfchi Caratchar CatUn Cazagan Cazanchi Cayafeddin Chahmanfour Charoc Cheik Chekidgek Our Chiras Chirkunt Chirouan Cogende Coja Condoz Cerate Cotan Cotluc Datnafcos Kundahaur. Kuhnouj. Kipjauk. JCurrat*. Khauruzmf Kurfhee.. ICurrauchauEr KhiMtolaun. ' Klurgun. Kurraunchee. Gheaus u deen. Shaah Munfoor. Shaarokh. Sbeikh. CJiuckchuciCr Sb?ir. §barauze.. ShardcuQd. Shurwaun. Khojj.und. Khaujeh. Kunduz. ^. Khoraiif^ufi, Khuttiin.. Kuttulug. D. Uumau&k, Deli ( xxxviii ) La Croix. Mr. Davy. Deli Diarbektr Egypt Elias EmelTa Emir Enderabe Eriat Pars G. Gehanghrr —r— Gelair' '• ■ ' r Georgia ' ■ " ■« Gete — — Ghengis Can Gihon — — H. Hadgi • '* ■ Herat Houlacou Can • HufTein Irac Agemi Irac Arabi Ifpahan Kech Kei Cofru I. K. Dehli. Deaur a Bukkur. Miflur. Ouleaus. Hums. Ameer. Anduraub. Aurlaut. Fauris. Jehaungheer. Jnllauir. Gooijiftaun. Jitteh. ' Chungauze Khaun. Jilioon. Haujee., Hurraut. Hullaukoo Khaun HooiTein. Erauk a Ajjum. Etauk a Arrub. Isfahaun. Kufli. Ki Khiffero. La Croix. Mr. Davy. Kerbela Ketuer Kirman Kivac Macan Mahmoud Mahomet Malatia Malek Mazenderan Mellou Can Mir Mh-anchah Mirza Mobarekchah Mouffa Muaid Nevian Oladgia Itou Olagiai Olatchtiu ' Oluc Oughaiiiain Ourous Can Oxus •' Poulad M. KurbuIIau, Kuttbor. Kurmaun. Khiook. Maukhaun. Muhmud. I Mahummud. Mulluteah. Mullik. Mauzinduraun. Mulloo Khaun. Ameer. Meeraun Shaah: Ameer Zaudeh. MubbaurukShaah Mooii. Muviud. N. O. Nooyaun. Aljauitoo. Aljaie. A'Qiaujou. -Allugh. Afghaun, and Oughaun. Attroos Khaun. Jihoon. P. — Boulau» Saddii ic Saddeuk. Samarcande ( xxxix ) La Croix. Mr. Davy. La C ROIX. Mr, Daw. Samarcande Sumtnurkund. U. Sebafte ■\ Seewaus. Sultan Sooltaun. Uzbec Ouzbuk. Syria Shaum. - T. - V. Veli Aali. Tauris . Tubburaze. Tekil Tukkul. • Termed Turmuz. Y. Timur Timour. 1 "Abu'l Munfoor Yakou Jaukoo. Tinaur Bee ■ Timour, and A- [ meer Timour. Youfef Eufoof. Tocatmich Touktummiih. Tocluc TughuUuk. Z. Touchi m . Jouji. e Tranfoxiane Mauwur u Nuhur. Zagataie Chugtauee. SPECIMENS O F COMPOSITION IN. THE PERSIAN LANGUAGE. See the Preface. T 1 1 ( XLIII ) TIjc Exordium of J a u m i\ Poemi entitled, IN the name of him wliofe name is the refuge of the Souls of i&e j^h&/ul ; Whofe praiie is the ornament of eloquent tongue&. The moil high, the only God, the eternal, < the omntfcient; He who beftoweth flrengthaod power on the feeble and Jbe helplefs. ( XLIV ) From the repofitory of his beneficence proceeds; the autumnal gale,- Which befpangles with gold the carpet of the garden/ It is his prefence that enflameth the orb of day. From whence every atom derives its light. Should he hide his countenance from the two great luminaries of the world. Their mighty fpheres would defcend quick into the area of an- nihilation. From the vault of heaven to the centre af the earth. Which ever way we diredt our thought and imagination j Whether we defcend, or haften upwards. We (hall not difcover one atom uninfluenced by his power. Wifdom is confounded in the contemplation of his eiTence ;, The inveftigation of his ways exceeds the powers of man. The angels blufh at their want of comprehenfion j And the heavens are aflonifhed at their own motion. ( XLV ) xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx A PRAYER direded by the Brahmins to be of- fered up to the Supreme Being; written origi- nally iti the Shanfcrit Language, and tranflated by C.W, BouGHTON Rouse, Efq; from a Perfic Verfion oi Dara Skeko^ a Son of Shah Jehany Emperor of Hiindoflan. O RUDER, I reverence thee in thy ftlajelty and in tfty Difpieafurc. I reverence thy ArroWs, which convey dcftruaion i and thy bow, thy quiver, and thy arms, which are the givers of vidtory. Look toward me with that counte- nance of benignity, mild like the face of the moon, by which thou beftoweft jcy, and doeft away all fins." ^ O THOU, who art the Lord of mighty mountains, difpel the pain? of all mankind ; make them joyful and defend them from harm: and grant that I may remain fecure under thy guardianfhip and proteaion. Thou art the great Phyfician of Phyficians ! heal thou my infirmities ; difperfe my vicious and malevolent inclinations, which lead mc into the road of evil.. I REVE- ( XLVf ) I REVERENCE thcc in the Sun, which is thy Image, whilft it fcatters a hundred thoufand vivifying rays over the univerfe j whilft in meridian brightnefs it difFufes gladnefsj nor lefs when at Biorn or eve its flaming countenance denotes thy anger. Turn away that anger from me. I reverence him who is the ifource oiF joy to living creatures, whofe nature is exempt from decay, and knows not the increafe of age. — To Him and all that iprings from Him I owe reverence and honour. - O Ruder, fti;*"® t% bow to defend me fr6hi Siti 0f opeft or fecret enemies. Shoot the arrows of thy quiver to, deftroy therti. Wlfen thou haft dfeilroy^d toy tnertileslhd «nftroiig thy bow, and taken off the poinrtsiof thy arrows, ahd art rejoiced j then grant that I likewife may rejoice. But thy bow is not like other boWS, nor thy ariroWs like "hth&c irrdWs. Thou needteft not to ftring the how, nolr to fharpefi th^ points of ar- rows. Thou needeft not the fwor^Jil^e pther fwords, to ac- complifh thy purpofes. O thou who cawft -AAfil defire«, wHofc defigns no enemy can baffle, guard and protect me on every fide, and drive my enemies far from me. rif O RuDJER, thy arm i^ like fhinin|; gold. Thott art the Lord of all armies. All caufqs of things have their origin in thee. /Thou art the caufe of caufes. Thou art ipace. The verdure of the fields h thine. Thou ar£ Lord of all the beafts, and the birds, and other living creatures. Thou ^t the Guide'. Every light that (hines is thy light. Thou entereft into all : thev fuftameft aUv O PuNiSHER of thofe wh® go aftray, OLord of life, D pureft of Seings I te^rrify not thy creatures, ftrlke them not, d&ft^roy them not : nor let even one of themi fu0er pain from* thas. O thoui, who giveft.fkei^giijii to the feeble, and Biedicine« to the fick i grant me thy fupport, that I may enjoy health and ( Hivn ) IJfS, O RvPEH, turn my »ny of adpr^jion, I rewwencje th,?e. O tbou, vy^o em- ploy^ ttey pyms for my fecurity, wl^o ha^ thoufands q£ tho^- ^nds (9i" weapons J fcatfer p^y e^saje?, and 4efl:roy them;-, fijf tlaoui RujJ5^R,.4rt-fupreme in evejy part fkf nature. JBjcert ^x q:iy pf Qte^W thyppw^r^, which are over thiS earth, jhp ^f^ aij4 tjbe IpkeavpiJiS, *nd under irfje earth : wbj^h (heyr tbem-i' fch^^s ift ti>e pjaipiip in ijhe vegetation of the trees, in the va- r'mni^ ^ejcies of liv^n^ creat^fejS, in tjifi waters, aijd in food prided for tl^e fuppoxt of life. TJioiU, who deftroyeft all which eat this ^food and driftk the waters ; who art ajmidft the guardi^iijs <^ tbp highways ftnd in thp places ©f worship j in all thou art iJUeinfinitie Rpder : if? every o^e I ijt^p^Iprf thw to prate6t mie, an4 150 idil^rm «iy eniepiieSf To tfeeie, and all thy otjier various powers a»d attributes not Ijnere enumerated, I pffer reverence. Ten times taward the ?i%ft, ten times to- ward tthe S©,vthi» fen tLmfs toward the W^ft» : and ten tinjes t»v«f?rd th? j|tf prth* I bovy nayftlf before thy earthly powers, ^d invoke their aid thftt I m?y enjoy hpal^th ^nd fee the de- ftrudion of my ^enemies, T«n times towa,rd th^. Eaft, ten times toward the South, ten times toward the Weft, ten times toward the- Npft^j, and ten tfr^es witli my eyes on; |l«ayen above, I bow myfelf before thy aerial and heavenly powers^ whofe arrows are the wind and rain : I invoke their aid, that maw ( XLVIII ) I may enjoy health, and fee the deftrudion of my enemies. Every one of thefe is Ru d e r i whofe infinite power I reve- rence : Ru D E R, whofe fulinefsas in all. All that has been> it is He. All that is, it is He. AH that fhall be, > it is He. the foregoing Prayer is extrflSied from the Judger Bede : to which it may be curious to fubjoin a Defcriptign of Ru d e r, to whom it is addrejedt as contained in another facred Book, intitled the Atherbun Bede. «■;-; ■ ■'''' THE Angels having aflembled themfelves in Heaven befqre Ruder, made obeifance and alked him, O Ruder, what art thou ? Ruder replied, were there any other, I would defcfibe myfelf by iimilitude. I always was, I always am, and always (hall be. There is no other, fo that I can fay to you, I am like Him. ' In this Me is the inward eflence, and the exterior fubftance of all things. I am the primitive caufe of all. All things that exift in the Eaft, or Weft, or North, or South, above or below, it is I. I am all. I am older than all. I am King of Kings. My attributes are tranfcendent. I am truth. I am the fpirit of creation ; I am the Creator. I am the knowledge of the four Bedes.* I am Almighty. lam purity. I am the firft, and the middle, and the end. I am th^ Ught. And for this purpofe do I exift, that whofbever knows Me, may know all the angels, and all books, and all their or- dinances. And whofoever knows the learning of the Bedes, from thence he will learn the duties of life, he will underftand truth, and his adions will be virtuous.' And to thofe who prsi^ife virtue, will I give fullnefs and tranquillity. . Ruder having pronounced thefe words to the Angels, was abforbed in his own brightnefsv ' * The facred Writings of the Hindoos in the Sbanfirit language. ( XLIX ) xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx The foregoing Specimens I intended to have introduced by an mp^y tfjome extent' on the great importance and utility of the Perfian Language^ and by a Fropofaljor ejiahlijhing a Perfian ProfeJ'grJhip in the Univerjity of Oxford. But having fnce met nvitb a pamphlet of much merit ^ written fome years ago by Go- vernor Hastikgs, direSted to the fame objeSl, I have thought it unnecejary to profecute my dej^n^ Whilji I ^as engaged in writing the intended Eflay and Pro- pofal, I received from Mr. Davy, in anfwer to my repeated enquiries t the following Letter: which places the importance of the Perfian Language for tranfaSiing the Company's affairs in India, in fo ckar and juji a light -, is founded throughout on fucb fhiking fails ; and fupported and illuftrated with fo many judi- cious obfervations and remarks \ that I conceived it to be highly ^worthy the attention of the Eaft India Contpany, and oco and that the want of fuch know- ledge now would be attended with ftill worfe effefts is as cer- tain. To prove which,, I think, you will meet with little dif- ficulty. The fame reafons which will eftablifti the authority of the fore-going obfervations, will moreover be fufficient to prove the pofitive neceflity of a ftill more extenfive and general know- ledge of the Perfian, than has hitherto been acquired by the jgentlemen in India. We ( «•' ) J** We are to confider, that the territories now under the do- minion of the Eaft India Company, the provinces of Bengal and Bahart wi|h part of Oriffa, the coaft of Coromandeh and the fettlements on that of Malabar^ are together twice as exten- five as Great Britain and Ireland. In a word, fuch is their ex- tent, iand fuch their importance, that it has been deemed necef- fary to keep on foot an army of fifty thoufand difciplined men for their defence and protcftion : for that is the amount of the forces of the three eftablifhments, BengaU Madrafs, and Bombay. Thefe rich and fertile territories, except where embraced by the ocean, are feparated and furrounded by native independent Princes and Powers, fome of them exceedingly formidable. It follows, tJiat dominions fo extenfive and fo fiituated, muft be fecured and protefted as much by policy as by arms ; a vaft po- litical fyftem muft be eftablifhed j an exaft and perfedl balance of power muft be preferypd j the weak muft be fupported, the too powerful muft be circumfcribed and depreffed. For thefe purpofes Friendfliips, Alliances, and Treaties, muft be formed with ibme in oppofition to others j and thefe Alliances, Trea- ties, and Friendships, muft again be diftblved, and give way to others, as the ftrength, influence, and refources of the different Independent Princes of the Empire may be diminiftied or in- creafed. Hence the everlafting train of conferences, correfpon* dences, and negotiations, with the native Powers. Hence the ueceiHty of watching their motions, difcovering their hidden ftrength and refources, and diving into their fecret councils, coiinedtions, and alliances. Thefe are all bufineffes of the firft importance i they require the ftridleft integrity, and the moft profound fecrecy in the negotiators : and finally, thefe bufinef- fes are all to be tranfaded in, and by the afliftance of, the Per- fian tongue. " Mr. Orme, a very accurate and ablfc hiftorian, whofe long Mfidence in India enabled him to acquire a perfect knowledge A/T mm 2 of of the rubjeiH:, gives a very ftriking inftance of the fatal confe- quences that may enfue from employing native ifiterpreters in oar tranfa that an acquaintance with the Perfian was the principal avenue, through which they were to expedt to arrive at fuperior rank, and that that knowledge for the future would be fo far fubfti- tuted in the place of feniority, as to render feniority of no avail without it, it would then become the principal object of the junior claflfes of their fervants ; and the language of courfe wotild be generally ftudied. ** It may be added, that the above fcheme, though a partial, would be no bad feale, by which to meafure the abilities of their younger fervants : for though a knowledge of that lan- guage in the perfons who poffelTed it, could not point out the extent of their abilities j yet the want of that knowledge in thofe who could not acquire it, would certainly difcover thofe who had no abilities at all. For a man who, fo circumftanced, wanted talents, memory, or perfeverance to form a moderate acquaintance with any language whatever ; although he might make a tolerable fmkh, or carpenter, er bricklayer, would cer- tainly turn out a very bad merchant, a very indifferent infpedtor o{ a province, or military officer. ** In my ideas of the utility and importance of a knowledge of the Perfian in the fervants of the Company, I am fupported by the opinions of feveral of the firft Charadlers who have ap- peared in Indi^j amongft whom, Mr. Hastings, now Fre- fident of the fupreme Council in Bengali and the late Governor Va n s ittart, are particularly diftingniftied. Thofe gentle- men did not think the Perfian unworthy their attention ; they found leifure to acquire a knowledge of that, and, coirfequent- ly, of the language of Hindoftan j in which they doubtlefs found their advantage. And I have been credibly informed,, that both Mr. Vansittart and Mr. Hatstings had in con- templation the eftablifhment of an Academy in England, in ( LfX ) It to promote the ftudy of the Perfian language j and to 3le fuch young mtn^ a& Wefe intendeid for the India (hrvke, equire the rudiments of that ufeful knowledge at home. 5 return of thefe gentlemen to India rendered their inten- se abortive : but thofe intentions, neVefthelefs, tend to prove high idea they entertained of its rmportanoe and utility. * I H a word, the neceffity of a knowledge of the Perfian, fentkmen refiding in India, may, I think, be plated in a f clear point of view, by the following coricife and fimple :ry, or Comparifon. If an inhabitant of France, a Spaniard, jvede, or a Dane, were to vifit Englarid with a view of ita- Hhg his fortunes, would it not be tttttlhrf for him to leairn kngitoge of this country, itt order to rdnder hiirifelf capable illifig any emprloymertt whatever, either Civil or Military ? ' Ttt E geuer $1 ftudy of the Perfian languagt would be pro-^ live of one other advantage to the Eaft India Company, well rthy their attention. From the fmallnefs of the number of fe who have acquired a pTadtical knowledge of the Perfian *uage, and the ftill fmaller number who have returned to j-Iand poflfeflred of that knowledge, I have been led to be- e, that a Department, which I fhotild confider of much >ortance to the Company, has not hitherto been eftablifhed. :he ftudy of the Perfian "fhould meet with the encourage- [it it merits, and, in cdfifequence thereof, the application that ftud/ftiould become general, many gentlemen might irn from India well qtfalified for the purpofe, and with fuch derate fortunes, as might not place them above the accept- e of the office I am about to point out. It is well known, t the Court of Diredors annually receive from their feftle- its in India, Letters, Memorials, Treaties, and other im- tant papers, in the Perfian language, tranfmitted to them as chers by their officers abroad. It is true, that tranflations ( LX ) from many circumjiance^, accurate tranilations of fuch Letters, Meihorials, and Treaties, by a gentleman unbiafTed by party, fadtion, or intereft, and under their own immediate protection, muft be highly acceptable and advantageous to the India Go- vernment at home. Such a perfon vvould alfo be able to tranf- late into the Perfian language all fuch Treaties and Letters, as they might have occafion to fend or vs^rite to the native Powers of Hindodan ; which might be tranfniitted to India under their proper Seal, and confequently not be liable to, an erroneous tranflation abroad. "I HAVE been informed from good authority, that feveral gentlemen in the Dire(Slion, a very few years ago, were fuffi- ciently convinced of the utility of fuch an eftablifhment. The arrangement and expences of a regular Perfian Secretary's Office at the India Houfe, by fome who are advocates for oeconohiy, might be efteemed an objedlion : but this, I conceive, may be eafily obviated.- For fuch a perfon as I have pointed out, might be induced, for a moderate falary to undertake the Office : he might -refide in, or at any diftance from the Capital ; the ne- .celTary papers might be tranfmitted to him by their proper Se- cretary for the time being, and might be returned by him to the fame Secretary, with their tranilations. *• The foregoing Obfervations contain all that occurs to me on the fubjedt, and I fincerely wiih, that they may afford you fome little affiftance, in proving the high importance of Perfian literature^ and that you will be enabled to point, out the pro- priety of promoting in this country the ftudy of a language, fo neceflary to the fervants of the Company, fo advantageous to the Company themfelvesj and, from the. extent and wealth of their Territories and Commerce, not an unimportant objed: to the Britifh Nation. I am, Sec. WILLIAM DAVY." FINIS. ^Gi*%H