>l.l>l lll'l V Cornell University Library TC 781.F3N7 New York state at the Panama-Pacific int 3 1924 003 642 075 •T ^ »~ "V New York State at the Panama-Pacific International Exposition Commissioners NORMAN E. MACK, Chairman THOMAS H CULLEN ARTHUR A. McLEAN JOSEPH B. MAYER WINFIELD A. HUPPUCH JAMES A. FOLEY JAMES J. FRAWLEY GEORGE H. COBB JOHN F. MURTAUGH THOMAS H. BUSSEY JOHN R. YALE, Vice-chairman GEORGE H. WHITNEY ALFRED E. SMITH DANIEL D. FRISBIE FRANK L. YOUNG MRS. WILLIAM R. 'HEARST MRS. ELON R. BROWN MRS. ELBERT H. GARY DANIEL L. RYAN, Secretary WILLIAM LEARY, Assistant Secretary ^ San Francisco, California 1915 -t—-:xr-~r- £iJ Cornell University Library The original of this book is in the Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924003642075 Charles S. Whitman Governor of the State of New York PHOTO SY PIBIE MAC OONAI New York's Part In The Exposition As befits its position in the affairs, not only of the United States, but in all the world, the State of New York occupies a place of prominence in the Panama-Pacific International Exposition. Having a population in excess of ten millions and dominating the industrial and financial communities not only of the Western Hemisphere, but of the civilized world, the official representatives and leading public men of the State agreed from the time that the Exposition was planned that it was the duty of the State to its own citizens and to the nation that it should be well represented at the great Exposition that was to mark the completion of the Inter-Oceanic Canal and to offer opportunity for placing on the annals of the world the record of the enterprise that severed two great continents and brought practically every nation of the universe into closel" communication than had before been possible. To the attitude of the representatives of the State of New York in the Halls of Congress, in no small measure, was the decision arrived at to have San Francisco chosen as the city in which to most fittingly com- memorate the building of the great highway that marked a new link be- tween the Atlantic and the Pacific. When the question as to where the celebration of the completion of the Panama Canal should be held was first broached, the sentiment in New York was found to be in favor of the city within the Golden Gate. Evidence of this sentiment was shown by the act of the Legislature of New York, which not only adopted a resolution in favor of San Francisco, but also petitioned the representatives of the State at the National Capitol to use every fair endeavor to have San Francisco selected as the site for the Exposition. How well New York's judgment was regarded and how it was justified is indicated by the magnificent set- ting that has been given for the Exposition now in progress on the shore of San Francisco Bay. As soon as the site for the Panama-Pacific International Exposition was chosen. New York, through its Legislature and its leaders in the in- dustrial and financial fields, set about having the State adequately repre- sented. Representatives of the Legislature were almost at once appointed to visit San Francisco, charged with the duty of making a comprehensive report as to the site selected for the great world's fair and as to the manner in which the State could there best show its enterprises and its public spirit. The Legislature of 1912 pledged an expenditure of $700,000 with which to have New York represented not only in the manufacturing, educational, agricultural and other exhibits, but also for the purpose of arranging, as befitted the State, for the comfort, convenience and care of its citizens who visit the Exposition City in order to show their good will and view the exhibits gathered there from all quarters of the earth. From that time until now industrial and official New York has been on the alert concerning the Exposition. A Commission was appointed to arrange for showing the work of all departments of the State Govern- ment and to stimulate in the industrial leaders of the State such an in- terest in the Exposition as would be certain to secure a leading place for New Yorlc and New Yorkers in the exhibit palaces. The Commission appealed to practically every manufacturer and merchant from the Atlantic Ocean to Lake Erie to show his wares. Leaders in the agricultural com- munities were also urged to demonstrate to the representatives of the assembled nations within the Exposition City that New York was not only a great financial and manufacturing center, but was also a leader in — 3— agricultural products. The result of this work of the New York State Commission to the Exposition is evident to every visitor within the Ex- position grounds. More than four hundred representative business con- cerns of the State have displays in the palaces devoted to exhibits, and practically every large department of the State Government is also repre- sented. Only one municipality, as such, has an independent display of its greatness and enterprise at the Panama-Pacific International Exposi- tion. That municipaUty is the City of New York, whose enterprising of- ficials have expended $100,000 in the collection and exposition of the manner in which the greatest municipality of the Western Hemisphere is governed. As the center of the State's activity in connection with the Exposition the New York Commission has erected as pretentious and imposing a build- ing as any of those on the Exposition grounds. It is intended as the meeting place and temporary home of all residents of the State while the world's fair continues. Located at the head of the section devoted to states and foreign nations, its site is a commanding one, immediately adjoining the great exhibit palaces and within a short distance of San Francisco Bay, with the Golden Gate in sight, and the great harbor, in many respects resembling that of New York, only a few rods away. NEW YORK STATE'S BUILDING. Architecturally the New York Building follows the modern classic idea, with Greek influence. It is 248 feet in length, 77 feet in depth and 60 feet in height, divided into three stories. The building is surrounded by an esplanada, on which flowers and plants peculiar to the climate of the State of New York are displayed. The building is of plastic composition in imitation of Italian travertine, which has been the prevailing material in all of the exposition buildings. The structural frame is of timber, carried down to a solid foundation. There is an imposing entrance from the Marina at the center of the main front of the building and entrance also from the two adjoining thoroughfares. Supporting the big portico, above which the coat of arms of the State of New York is emblazoned in heavy relief, are half a dozen great Corinthian columns. Smaller Ionic columns support the verandas at either side of the main entrance. On the first floor, through the center of which there is a corridor sixteen feet in width the entire length of the building, is a large assembly hall, reception, writing and retiring rooms for men and women, an in- formation bureau, postof f ice, telephone booths, parcel rooms and restaurant. These rooms are reserved for the use of New York State visitors and ex- hibitors. Files of the New York State papers, railroad time tables, hotel data, etc., are available for all New Yorkers. In the assembly room, which measures 77x53 feet, it is intended to ac- commodate such organizations, associations and exhibitors from New York State, as intend to hold meetings during the course of the Exposition. At one side of this assembly hall a musicians' balcony is located and at the other end an organ loft. This hall and restaurant pierce the second floor of the building, on which are galleries from which visitors may view both rooms. Reception, writing and retirmg rooms for women visitors adjoin the large assembly hall on one side of the corridor, and similar rooms for the use of men are located directly opposite. The largest of these reception rooms is 32x22 feet in area. One large dining room, 58x32 feet, is just beyond the assembly hall. Adjoining the large restaurant are two smaller dining rooms. On the second floor the business offices of the Commission are located. There is also a suite reserved for Governor Whitman and such other of- ficials as may be sent to the Fair to officially represent the State. Governor Whitman and the members of his immediate official family are taking great interest in the Exposition that commemorates the opening of the Panama Canal, and the officials of various municipalities of the State and of many county governments are also evidencing the en- terprise of their various communities by selecting days for particular celebrations to be held during the progress of the Exposition. On these community days present residents of the districts making the celebrations, as well as former residents of those sections of the State, will put forth special effort to attend the Exposition and feast on its wonders, as well as have reunions such as this Exposition gives opportunity to enjoy. The State, as a whole, is to devote an entire week to commemorative gather- ings. There are also to be at the Exposition days devoted to residents, past and present, of Brooklyn, Buffalo, Syracuse and others of the fifty cities of the State. On these commemorative days, as well as during the great conventions and congresses to be held during the Exposition, the citizens in New York will be ably represented. In the creation of the Exposition, New Yorkers have taken a leading part. Men educated and trained in that State have done much to round out and idealize, as well as to bring to completion, the beautiful picture wrought into reality on the shores of San Francisco Bay. New Yorkers have also been given places of honor in passing upon the great multitude of exhibits gathered within the palaces in which the wares of the world are on display. New Yorkers, too, have by their attendance in the early days of the Fair shown their good-will and appreciation of the big com- memorative enterprise. LOCATION OF OFFICIAL EXHIBITS. The official exhibits of the State of New York are located as follows m the Exposition palaces : Education, Palace of Education-Social Economy, Avenue C and Third Street. Hospital, Palace of Education-Social Economy, Avenue D and Third Street. Health, Palace of Education-Social Economy, Avenue D and Fourth Street. Quarantine, Palace of Education-Social Economy, Fourth Street be- tween Avenues C and D. Blind, Palace of Education-Social Economy, Fourth Street between Avenues C and D. Labor, Palace of Education-Social Economy, Avenue C near Fourth Street. Prisons, Palace of Education-Social Economy, Avenue C and Fourth Street. Motion Pictures, Palace of Education-Social Economy, Avenue D be- tween Third and Fourth Streets. Barge Canal, Palace of Liberal Arts, Avenue D and Fifth Street. Saratoga Springs Reservation, Palace of Mines, Avenue C and Ififth Street. Mines, Palace of Mines, Avenue C and Fifth Street. Agriculture, Palace of Agriculture, Avenue B between Fourth and Fifth Streets. Horticulture, Palace of Horticulture, Avenue D, between Second and Third Streets. The appeal to human interest and for public uplift, which is dear to the heart of every right thinking person, has been carried out in many — 5— of the official exhibits made by the State of New York. In the Palace of Education there are displays prepared under State supervision showing not only the general educational work of the State, but also the work that is being done for social betterment in all activities in which the State can lend its guidance and assistance. EDUCATIONAL WORK SHOWN. In educational affairs, the beginning of New York's common school system dates back to the early days of the Colony of New Netherlands. Since what is now the Empire State was settled soon after the discovery of America, its leaders in thought and moulders of public opinion have de- voted a large proportion of their time and of their efforts to educational affairs. At the present time those affairs within the State as a whole are under the direction of a Board of Regents, who exercise general juris- diction over educational systems and methods, while local school boards devote themselves to municipal administration. The first public school in the Western Hemisphere was established in New York in 1633. From that date until the creation of the University of the State of New York, pre- sided over by the State Board of Regents, public education has prospered under Dutch and English rule so that at the time of the Revolution New York had not only a King's College, now Columbia University, but also scores of elementary schools and several institutions devoted to secondary education. Probably no exhibit at the Panama-Pacific International Exposition has created more interest than that of the New York State Department of Education. This exhibit was arranged and installed under the direction of the State Educational Board, acting in co-operation with the New York State Commission. One of the noteworthy features of the exhibit is a relief map of the State, twenty-seven feet by thirty-six feet in area. This map is studded with electric lights of various colors, each representing some type of educational institution of the State. Thirteen colors are used in the lamps that portray the scope of the educational work of the State. On the map 11,642 white lights show the elementary schools, 948 red lights indicate the high schools and academies, 34 ruby lights locate the colleges, technical institutes and universities, 34 orange lights show the professional schools, 136 green lights identify the nurses' training schools, 11 violet rays show the fine arts schools, 10 yellow lights the normal schools, 7 pink lights the Indian schools, 136 canary colored lamps the training schools, 10 purple lights the schools for defectives, 21 amber colored lights the publicly maintained business schools and 65 frosted lights the vocational schools. In addition there are 513 blue lights, by which the location of the public libraries of the State may be identified. More than a year was required to build this relief map, which was created out of 300 pounds of paper currency that had been discarded by the United States Treasury Department in Washington. For the display of the lights of various colors, motors not ordinarily in use have been called into action. By the use of these motors the 11,642 lights indicating the elementary schools of the State blaze with the same intensity as those indicating the educational institutions devoted to fine arts and to the training of Indians. Apart from the big contour map, with its flashing lights, there is a large architectural model of the State Education Building at Albany, from which the public educational work of the entire State is directed. This model, which is sixteen feet by seven feet in size, gives to the visitor at the Exposition an idea of the magnitude of the work of caring for the Missing Page Missing Page corn, oats, hay and potatoes, is worthy of note, gleaned from official statistics : Here are the facts, as PRODUCTION AND VALUE PER ACRE OF LEADING CROPS CORN HAY OATS POTATOES Av. Value Per Acre Corn, Oats Hay. Pot-. 1914 Bu. per Acre Value per Acre Ton8 Value per Acre Bu. per Acre Value per Acre Bu. per Acre Value per Acre* New York ... Ohio 41.0 39.1 33.0 29.0 36.0 40.5 35.0 38.0 22.0 24.5 18.5 $34.05 23.85 19.14 17.69 24.12 26.33 18.20 19.00 14.96 12.99 11.65 1.20 1.13 1.00 .85 1.28 1.75 1.89 1.38 .70 1.69 1.51 $17.52 15.14 14.10 12.24 15.36 16.27 11.53 13.94 9.52 11.66 11.17 31.5 30.5 28.5 29.3 33.5 27.0 28.0 33.0 21.5 32.0 33.5 $16.06 13.72 12.25 12.89 15.07 11.61 11.20 13.53 9.46 12.80 14.07 145 95 80 60 121 124 114 86 45 80 62 $63.80 50.35 44.80 36.60 36.30 37.20 36.48 50.74 32.85 43.20 47.74 $32.86 25.76 Indiana 22.57 Illinois 19.85 Michigan Wisconsin Minnesota Iowa Missouri 22.71 19.35 19.35 24.30 16 70 Nebraska Kansas 20.16 21.16 NEW YORK AS A FRUIT STATE. In the glass domed Palace of Horticulture at the Exposition, New York State's standing as a fruit growing State is shown in a most attractive exhibit. Fruits grown in the State last fall and still fresh and luscious as they come from the New York State cold storage plant are there in abundance. Preserved fruit is also plentifully displayed. According to United States Government statistics, New York ranks first in the value of apples ; first in bushels produced and second in number of trees. Missouri ranks first in the number of trees, with 17,984,506, but with a production of 9,968,977 bushels. New York has 3,644,257 pear trees, which produce 1,343,089 bushels, valued at $1,418,218. New York ranks first in the number of trees ; second in the quantity and value produced, closely following California in this respect. New York ranks third in value of peaches produced, about equal to Georgia and less than half the value produced in California. New York ranks third in the value of plums and prunes, producing $519,192; Washington producing $600,503, and California, with its enor- mous prune industry, producing $5,443,539. New York has 35,603,897 grape vines in vineyards, which, in 1914, produced 253,006,361 pounds, valued at $3,961,677. New York ranlts second in number, production and value of vines, while California ranks first, with a production of $10,846,812. New York, in 1913, produced $2,867,673 in flowers and plants and $2,750,957 in nursery products, thus placing it in first rank. In the total value of livestock, New York is well up among the leading states, while in the total revenue from eggs and live and dressed poultry sold in 1914 the Empire State ranked first. The total value of all crops in New York last year, including dairy products and livestock sold, exceeded $440,000,000. The New York State College of Forestry is well represented at the New York Agricultural booth. There is a model representing in miniature the college, around which is shown an imaginary community and region and how a school of forestry benefits it. Other models show: First, a forest under primeval conditions ; second, the same area after it has been —10— logged off and abandoned to fires ; third, the same area after reforestation . work has been inaugurated. Motion pictures show students of the forestry school in the performance of their duties ; the summer school for students in the Catskills, and other phases of the work. NEW YORK'S MINERAL WEALTH. To the average man New York has no standing as a mining state. The fact is, however, that in 1913 its mineral products yielded $42,000,000, an amount in excess of the gold production of Colorado and California. New York mines no gold, silver, lead, copper or coal, but it has 11,000 oil wells, 3,000 gas wells, hundreds of mines and thousands of quarries. Its mineral springs yield nearly a million dollars worth of health-giving water each year, while hundreds of salt wells and mines in six counties have produced one hundred million barrels of salt in the last ten years. Two salt mines produce, from a depth of 1,000 feet, over a ton of rock salt for every minute in the year — 60.0,000 tons. To the uninitiated, one of the most surprising things about the New York mines is the size of the operations, at such camps as Minerville, the number of men employed, and the up-t6-date methods in use. A million and a quarter tons of iron ore from deep mining, half a million tons of gypsum, two and one-half million pounds of graphite, five million barrels of cement, ten million gallons of mineral water and over a billion building bricks, in a year, give some idea of the magnitude of the output. To New York's mining exhibit at the Exposition over forty concerns have contributed, and in addition to twenty attractive cases of talc, garnet, iron ore, graphite, quartz and other minerals, mined in the state on a large scale, many models, photographs, maps and charts have been included to interest and instruct. The ba'lustrade which surrounds the large exhibit space allotted to New York in the Palace of Mines is adorned with twenty-one polished cubes of the most characteristic of New York's building stones. At the center of the space stands a large economic geologic map of the State, upon which are indicated some hundreds of localities from which nineteen of its mineral products come. On each side are five production diagrams, which compare New York's output of ten important products with that of other states. STATE OWNED MINERAL SPRINGS. The southeast section of New York's mineral exhibit is devoted to a display made by the State Reservation at Saratoga Springs. A model of High Rock Cone is shown and also many large photographs of Saratoga Springs and vicinity. The State owns the mineral springs at Saratoga and has surrounded them with a public park. By scientific treatment the springs have been restored, so that now many of them spout to a consider- able height and in greater quantity than ever before. These waters have great therapeutic value when properly used for bathing or when taken internally. With proper care, such as New York State can give it, Saratoga can be made the most famous spa in the world. Thousands of Americans who in the past have journeyed to German and other foreign spas will, in the future, realize that in New York State exists one of the most delightful and health-giving places in existence. For bathing and drinking purposes, in the cure and alleviation of many of the ills of mankind, Saratoga Springs will continue to dispense its Heaven-sent waters for generations to come. NEW YORK STATE HOSPITAL EXHIBIT. The great humanitarian work New York State is doing in its hospitals —11— for the insane is shown in the exhibit of the State Hospital Commission in the Palace of Education and Social Economy. New York State takes a leading place in many lines, but in no respect does its leadership appear more evident than in the care of the mentally ill and defective. The State has adopted a rigid system of classification of dependents and defectives and is making separate provision for each class, according to its needs. The insane have been treated as wards of the State for the past twenty-five years and, under the guidance of the State Hospital Commission, a com- prehensive system of care and treatment has gradually been built up. The exhibit of the Commission sets forth in an interesting way the leading features of the present New York system of treating the insane, together (ivith information concerning the cost, causes, extent and increase of in- sanity. The first thing to catch the eye of the visitor as he enters this exhibit is a beautiful glass covered model of a state hospital plant. This model, which is ten feet eight inches long by six feet eight inches wide, shows on a scale of twenty-five feet to the inch an ideal arrangement of the buildings and grounds of a modern hospital for 2000 insane patients. The buildings for patients are grouped about a central recreation park in such a manner that pleasing views are obtained from all windows and im- mediate opportunity for outdoor recreation is afforded. The service build- ings are effectively grouped at the rear of the park. The plan makes ample provision for the classification and treatment of patients according to most approved present day standards. The buildings shown on the model are copied from the best types now in use in the New York hospitals. The landscape features of the model are also worthy of careful study. A large section of the exhibit is devoted to hydrotherapy. The hydrotherapeutic apparatus shown consist of a steam cabinet, an electric light cabinet, a sheet or blanket warmer, a prolonged or continuous flow bath and a hydriatic control table with spray and shower baths. As the apparatus is equipped with water and electric connections, the demonstra- tion of its use excites great interest. The exhibit of occupational therapy occupies four large show cases. The industries that the New York hospitals are successfully carrying on are shown and the results obtained are pointed out. This part of the ex- hibit is of special interest to women visitors, many of whom marvel at the high degree of skill acquired by the insane. Some of the results of the extensive psychiatrical and statistical studies made under the direction of the State Hospital Commission are presented in a series of twenty graphic and pictorial char'ts. These show the causes of insanity and the pathological-anatomical changes associated with various forms of mental disease. The exhibit is supplemented by ninety colored lantern views and a motion picture reel showing the housing, occupation and recreation of patients. The motion pictures, which are noteworthy as being the first 9ver shown of institutions for the insane, were taken at the Binghampton, St. Lawrence and Manhattan State Hospitals. An illustrated booklet describing the exhibit and the care of the insane in New York is given gratis to interested visitors. STATE HEALTH WORK SHOWN. The exhibit of the New York State Department of Health in the Palace of Education and Social Economy shows the organization and ac- tivities of the Department. The essential element in the public health movement is to lessen the number of individuals bom into the world who perish prematurely. This fact is illustrated in the exhibit by a moving —12— model called "The Path of Life," showing the proportion of a given popula- tion dying at different ages. Each ten year age period up to the century mark is represented by a band and the figures on each band represent the percentage of those dying in that decade to the number born. According to the data used in the preparation of this model, twenty- six out of one hundred children bom perish before the tenth year; three more before the twentieth year; six more before the thirtieth year; six more before the fortieth year; seven more before the fiftieth year; ten more before the sixtieth year; fifteen more before the seventieth year; sixteen more before the eightieth year; nine more before the ninetieth year; leaving only two surviving at ninety years of age. The problem of public health work is the prevention of these premature deaths, and with the scientific knowledge now available, definite and tangible results can be obtained, provided that the efforts of the health department are directed toward particular lines of effort which will yield a maximum result. In order to carry out a vigorous and systematic campaign for life saving, an efficient state department of health constitutes the first essen- tial. The efficient organization of the department for this purpose is shown by an electric flash wall panel which shows the relations between the Public Health Council and the State Commissioner of Health, and his consulting and administrative staffs, the nine divisions of the department, the Sani- tary Supervisors and local Registrars and Health Officers. In order to emphasize the danger from improper sewage disposal and water supply, a model is exhibited showing three villages on a stream with a camp a little above them on its course. Several cases of typhoid fever (indicated by electric lights) occur in the camp. The pollution passes down stream and causes a number of cases in two of the villages using it for a water supply, while the other village, protected by a filter plant, escapes. There is a large relief map of the State illustrating its principal topographical features and showing by the flashing of various colored lights the location of the water supplied and sewage disposal plants of the State. One hundred and one incomplete sewage disposal plants are indi- cated by green lights; forty-three complete sewage disposal plants (in- cluding filters) by yellow lights; 449 unfiltered water supplies by red lights, and sixty-three filtered water supplies by white lights. A model showing a modern sewage disposal plant, such as New York's cities have, is shown. A companion model to this is that of the Albany water filtration plant. The water supply of the city of Albany is derived from the Hudson River. Above the point of intake the watershed area is about 8,000 square miles, with a population of approximately 500,000. Several cities and villages discharge sewage into the river and its tributaries but a few miles above Albany, but the effectiveness of the filtration system is such that the health of Albany's population is as secure as that of any other com- munity. During the summer of 1914 the Division of Child Hygiene of the New York Health Department conducted a campaign to reduce infant mortality throughout the State. The results of the campaign were that from July 1 to December 31, 1914, the infant mortality rate was lowered to 112 deaths per 1,000 living births, from 137 for the corresponding period in 1913. The establishment of Infant Welfare Stations throughout the State materially assisted in this reduction. A model is exhibited illustrating the ideal ar- rangement for such a station. It shows a dispensing room with ice-box and dispensing table and a consulting room, with weighing table, supply cabinet —13— and range, and other apparatus for the demonstration of methods of milk modification and infant care. CARING FOR THE WORKER. How New York State looks after the interest of its wage earners is shown in a comprehensive exhibit in the New York State block in the Education-Social Economy Palace. This exhibit deals not only with factory construction and inspection, but with the supervision of labor and capital in all lines of industry, with labor conflicts, conciliation, arbitration and safety devices and general welfare work. The New York labor exhibit deals chiefly with the work of factory, mercantile, mine and tunnel supervision, and shows how the laws of the State for the protection of labor are carried out. To give visual proof as ,to the provisions of these laws, models of three factory buildings are ex- hibited. These buildings are equipped with fire-walls, sprinkler systems, fire-proof stairways and other safety devices. Specimens and samples of dross, dusts, etc, to the number of sixty- sight, generated in various industries and tending to occupational diseases, are shown. Then there are seventy-nine views of required safeguards for machinery and 147 photographs depicting gases, fumes, vapors, fibres and other impurities and dangers generated or released and how they are re- moved through leg^ enactment. Statistics and information are given showing exceptionally good results obtained by the enforcement of the law requiring the licensing of all tenement houses in which manufacturing is permitted. The precautions taken and standards that must be established in relation to sanitation, health and comfort are shown. By the State labor exhibit the Exposition visitor learns that in New York factory owners contracting to have work on their product performed in tenement houses must have permits for the same and must have labels on all work sent out; of the co-operation of local Boards of Health in reporting all infectious, contagious or com- municable diseases in tenement houses to the Commissioner of Labor; of the power conferred on the State Board of Health to destroy all infected articles; of the prohibition of manufacture in tenement houses of food products, dolls or dolls' clothing, or childrens' or infants' wearing apparel, or the alteration, repair or finish of same. Statistics are given showing the enforcement of the law governing sanitation and comfort in factories, foundries, bakeries, confectioneries, laundries and all places to which the law is applicable. Statistics and in- formation showing administration of the law in mercantile establishments. Good results obtained re hours of labor, sanitation and comfort. Statistics and information are also given as to child labor. No child under the age of fourteen years can be employed, permitted or suffered to work in or in connection with any factory in New York State, or for any factory at any place in the State. No child shall be so employed or permitted to work unless an employment certificate, issued according to law, shall be filed in the office of the employer. Statistics and information are given on hours of labor of children, minors and women and on the law requiring one day of rest in every seven consecutive days. GUARDING THE GATEWAY. The port of New York is the place of arrival of ninety per cent, of the immigrants who come to the United States. For many years past the number of foreigners making their first entry into this country, who have passed through the New York gateway, has exceeded 900,000 annually. The work of passing upon the physical condition of this great flood of im- —14— migration has devolved upon the State official who is known as the Health Officer of the Port. This representative of governmental supervision, who is in reality performing the service for every State in the Union, as well as the State of New York, has his headquarters at the Quarantine Station, located in the narrow stretch of water between New York's upper and lower bays. For the purpose of adequately safeguarding the health of not only its own citizens, but residents of those communities to which immigrants may be ultimately destined, the Health Officer of the Port of New York is compelled to maintain a large force of examiners, physicians, caretakers, inspectors, etc. Several steamboats and barges are constantly in demand. For the isolation and treatment of those immigrants who may be affected, or who are threatened with contagious diseases, the State maintains a number of isolation hospitals located on two state owned islands in lower New York harbor. How New York guards the gateway through which thousands of im- migrants pass daily is indicated in an exhibit of its quarantine work shown in the New York block in the Palace of Education-Social Economy. Models of one of the quarantine steamboats, equipped with plants for disinfection and immediate treatment of contagious diseases and of the hospital build- ings located at Swinburne and Hoffman Islands are shown in the exhibit. In addition to this, motion pictures vividly portraying the inspection work done at the Quarantine Station are displayed daily in the New York State Social Economy Pavilion in the same building. Supplementing these are Qumerous photographs and charts showing in detail the quarantine work carried on by the State. CARING FOR THE BLIND. What the State does for its sightless charges and for the improvement of the bhnd in the way of education and vocational training is also shown in one of the State official booths. Samples of the work performed by the blind in various State institutions and in homes and sanitariums, main- tained at private expense but under the supervision of the State Com- mission for the Blind, are on display. Stereomotorgraph views of the work carried on by the Commission for the Blind in various sections of the State are a part of the blind exhibit. PRISON REFORM IN NEW YORK. In a cosmopolitan and congested community such as that of the State of New York, the care and maintenance of law-breakers is always an in- teresting problem. At the close of the year 1914 New York had in its State prisons a total of 5,052 persons. Of these, 1,556 were aliens and nearly that number were non-residents of the State. This was an un- usually large census, due in some measure to disturbed labor conditions throughout the United States. For years New York has devoted much study to the scientific treat- ment of malefactors confined within its penal institutions. For years schools have been maintained in all of the State prisons, and the average daily attendance in the classes of these schools during the past year was 1,220. Attendance at these schools has been urged upon the inmates, even at the expense of serious interference with the work of industries carried on in the various institutions. This school work has been found especially valuable in the handling of the young classes of inmates and has shown extremely beneficial results among the prisoners of foreign birth, many of —15— whom at the time of incarceration had no knowledge of the English language. Good results have been shown in the New York State penal institutions by the maintenance of an honor system among prisoners and by the operation of a well-baJanced parole system. An increase in the time al- lotted for healthy, manly pastimes has also borne favorable results. In the New York State exhibit are shown views of the various indus- tries to which prisoners are assigned. Some of these illustrate the splendid work now being done on some of the public roads of the State by certain classes of prisoners. The sales of products manufactured in the New York prisons during 1914 netted the State $856,371. None of these products, however, have been sold in competition with free labor and no complaint of the New York prison system has been made by the wage-earners of the State or the representatives of organized capital or labor. The New York prison exhibit includes daily demonstrations of the operation of the Bertillon system of identification by means of finger prints. Any visitor at the Exposition may go to the booth of the State of New York and submit to having an impression of his or her fingers made, and have the same recorded in a Bertillon record. The Bertillon system was first exhibited in this country by New York at the Louisiana Purchase Exposition, and since then the use of the system has grown in favor throughout every part of the United States. A GREAT CANAL SYSTEM. How New York State has expended more than $100,000,000 on its great barge canal system is indicated in an official exhibit made in the Palace of Liberal Arts. This display, which is located at the main south- erly entrance of the big building, consists of a series of models, paintings and motion pictures. One of these models is more than twenty-five feet in length and is a miniature of the section of the State where the great barge canal system and the Mohawk and Hudson Rivers are joined. The canal system of New York is one of its greatest institutions. In addition to the original Erie Canal, measuring 323 miles in length, which has been modernized to the extent of widening and deepening so as to accommodate barges of 1,000 tons measurement, there is 437 miles of canal of the most modem type. This canal system connects Atlantic Ocean traffic with that of the Great Lakes. There are sixty-eight locks, by the use of which boats are raised and lowered from the ocean level to that of the lakes. In order that the flow of water may be uniform, both in times of flood and in times of drought, the canal system includes a series of forty dams. In addition to other structures, there are 290 bridges, 150 culverts, aqueducts, guard-gates, spillways, waste-weirs, by-passes, etc. In all, the various structures on the canal system number close to 700. In the construction of this great inland waterway system, which places millions of inhabitants and thousands of business and agricultural enter- prises in close touch with the great centers of population and industry, ii50,000,000 cubic yards of material have been excavated and 6,000,000 yards of concrete have been constructed. THE STATE PICTURED. In addition to all of the State owned activities at the Exposition, there are motion pictures of every city and every business community in the State display in the New York State Social Economy Pavilion in the Palace of Education. Thousands of feet of these motion picture reels, including —16— the work of the State Departments of Education, Health, Hoepital and Labor are displayed free every afternoon. New York has always been conspicuously represented in the Fine Arts Exhibit held in connection with World's Fairs. The Panama-Pacific In- ternational Exposition is no exception to this rule. Hundreds of canvasses, showing the work of New York artists, are on display in the galleries of Fine Arts in the Exposition. There are also scores of works of sculptors and hundreds of etchings and engravings by residents of the State of New York. THE STATE EXPOSITION COMMISSION. The interests of the New York State at the Exposition have been placed in charge of a Commission of eighteen persons who have been con- spicuously identified with the business enterprise of the State and its general welfare for years. The membership of the Commission is as fol- lows : Norman E. Mack, Buffalo, Chairman. John R. Yale, Brewster, Vice Chairman. Joseph B. Mayer, New York City. Arthur A. McLean, Newburgh. Winfield A. Huppuch, Hudson Falls. James A. Foley, New York City. Thomas H. Cullen, Brookljoi. James J. Frawley, New York City. Thomas H. Bussey, Perry. George H. Cobb, Watertown. John F. Murtaugh, Elmira. George H. Whitney, Mechanicsville. Alfred E. Smith, New York City. Daniel D. Frisbie, Middleburg. Frank L. Young, Ossining. Mrs. William, Randolph Hearst, New York City. Mrs. Elon R. Brown, Watertown. Mrs. Elbert H. Gary, New York City. Daniel L. Ryan, Secretary. William Leary, Assistant Secretary. All of the members of the Commission have served without salary. They have given ungrudingly of their time, both at home and in San Francisco, in order that the State of New York shall be adequately repre- sented. From the creation of the Commission meetings have been held regularly, not only in the City of New York, but also in Albany, the State Capital; in Syracuse, which is annually the scene of a great State Fair, the daily attendance at which is frequently as high as 50,000 persons, and in other sections of the State. While the New York State Building and the official exhibits were in process of preparation and completion, members of the Commission, when occasion required, traveled across the continent in order that there should be no interruption in the work of having New York State's part in the Exposition thoroughly prepared. Hi|i|i iiilil ii ,«'"'■. m In'i 'j i. '.