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CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY 
 
 3 1924 078 39 
 
 814 
 
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HISTORY 
 
 CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY, 
 
 NEW YORK. 
 
 FROM ITS FIRST SETTLEMENT TO THE PRESENT TIME; 
 
 WITH NUMEROUS 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL AND FAMILY SKETCHES. 
 
 By ANDREW W. YOUNG. 
 
 M THOR OF "SCIENCE OF GOVERN'MENT." " .VMERICAX STATESMAN'." '* \ATIONAL. ECONOMY." Etc. 
 
 Embellished with upwards of One Hundred Portraits of Citizens. 
 
 BUFFALO, N. Y. 
 
 PRINTING HOUSE OF MATTHEWS & WARREN. 
 1875- 
 
Entered, according to Act of Congress, in the year 1876, 
 
 Hy Andrew W. Young, 
 In I he office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington. 
 
PREFATORY NOTE. 
 
 After the lapse of a period much longer than was anty:ipated, the writer 
 offers to the public the result of his protracted labors. Although he has 
 no assurance that the work will fully meet the expectations of all for 
 whom it has been written, he indulges the hope that it will receive a 
 good measure of the popular favor. But how much soever it may fall 
 short of universal commendation, he has the satisfaction to believe, that 
 its supposed defects will not be ascribed to any lack of effort, on his 
 part, to fulfill the pledge of his " best endeavors to produce a history 
 which should meet the expectations of the people, and reflect honor 
 upon the county." This has certainly been his paramount object, irre- 
 spective of the time deemed necessary for its accomplishment. 
 
 The author takes occasion here to suggest to the reader the advantage of 
 a careful reading of the Introduction before proceeding to the perusal of 
 the History. Portions of the work which might othenvise appear somewhat 
 obscure, will be rendered quite intelligible by the previous reading of the 
 explanations in the introductory pages. 
 
/ ' ^/? r, , 
 
 '2/ 
 
 
INTRODUCTION 
 
 Apologetic and Explanatory. 
 
 Seldom has a publication made its advent so long after its inception as 
 this history of Chautauqua county. Fifty years ago>-a distinguished citizen of 
 the county conceived the idea of such a history, and commenced the, collec- 
 tion of material. This labor was, for many years, unremittingly continued, 
 so far as his professional and public duties permitted. His removal from the 
 state and other causes conspired to hinder the progress of the work, until dis- 
 ease and the infirmities of age forbade the accomplishment, by his own hands, 
 of his favorite and long-cherished object ; and the people oif the county, who 
 had long awaited its appearance, abandoned the hope of its pubhcation. 
 
 At this juncture, the name of the author, then in a distant state, was com- 
 municated, by a friend, to the projector of the work. A coprespondence en- 
 sued, which resulted in an engagement, on- my part, to^'iiss^e the entire re- 
 sponsibility of its publication. It was a great, and. pecuniarily, a hazardous 
 undertaking. To examine more than twenty large volumes of manuscript 
 and printed scraps from county newspapers, and a large number of printed 
 volumes, for such matter as could be made available in the compilation of the 
 work ; and to collect, in person, an equal amount of additional matter from 
 the twenty-six towns in the county, was a task which few who had a just con- 
 ception of its magnitude would have readily assumed. 
 
 An important characteristic of a work is accuracy. Yet in publications of 
 no other kind than this is it so difficult. Few of the earlier settlers remain ; 
 and the recollections of these few are so diverse and conflicting as to render 
 them unreliable, unless confirmed by the concurrent statements of others. 
 The collections of matter for several works containing historical sketches of 
 this county, appear to have been too hastily and carelessly made. One of 
 them, though a valuable work, abounds with errors. Several appear in the 
 sketch of a single town, and more or less in the sketches of many other towns. 
 Probably to save time and labor, most of these erroneous statements have 
 been taken, on trust, from the first person applied to for information, and, 
 
VI INTRODUCTION. 
 
 without further inquiry, inserted in the forthcoming publication ; and, through 
 that and succeeding histories, they will be transmitted to future generations. 
 
 A large portion of this History is based on the collections of Judge Foote. 
 These were commenced long before there were any i?//:^ settlers in the county ; 
 and they consist chiefly of the experience and observation of the persons from 
 whom they were obtained, and before their memories were impaired by time 
 or age. A large portion of this matter has been examined by some c^f the 
 early and well informed settlers still living, and has been found singularly free 
 from inaccuracies. In the collection of new material, unusual pains have 
 been taken to guard against errors. To ascertain the truth in the hundreds 
 of disputed cases, has required an amount of labor of which few can form a 
 just conception. And after the county had been several times traversed, and 
 the newly collected matter written out, I was unwilling to permit it to be print- 
 ed until I had again visited every town, and submitted the manuscript to my 
 informants and others for examination. Any person, therefore, who questions 
 the truth of any statement, has reason to doubt the correctness of his own 
 memory, or of the source from which his information was obtained. Yet it 
 would be a marvel if no inaccuracies should be discovered. Persons, not a 
 few, have erred in relating transactions which occurred under their own ob- 
 servation, or in which they had themselves participated. If, with all the pains 
 taken to insure a correct history, the object has not been attained, it may be 
 confidently pronounced unattainable. In family sketches, inaccuracies are 
 most likely to appear. Persons intimately acquainted with families they have 
 described, have not in all cases been quite correct ; and some sketches 
 received in manuscript have not been entirely legible. Sundry errors, 
 discovered since the body of the book was printed, are corrected on 
 pages immediately preceding the Index, at the end of the work. 
 
 Of the merits of the work, different opinions will be formed. Matter which 
 some will appreciate, others may regard as unimportant. Some, perhaps, will 
 read with little interest the adventures and experience of the early settlers, 
 with which they are already familiar. Others will read this part of the work 
 with greater interest than any other. A large portion of this History has been 
 written, not so much for the present generation, as for the generations which 
 are to follow. Many remember how earnestly they listened to the stories of 
 pioneer life from the lips of their ancestors. Before the present generation 
 shall have passed away, not an individual will remain to relate, from his own 
 personal knowledge, the experiences of the first settlers which have so deeply 
 interested us. This interest will not be abated by the lapse of time. The 
 written nitrative "of incidents of " life in the woods,'' will be no less accepta- 
 ble to those who come after us, than was the tira/ relation to ourselves. Hence, 
 
INTRODUCTION. vU 
 
 to commemorate the events and occurrences of the past — to transmit to our 
 descendants a faithful history of our own time — is a duty. Many to whom 
 such a history shall be transmitted, will estimate its value at many times its 
 cost. Without it little will be known of early times, except what shall have 
 come down to them by tradition, always imperfect and unreliable. 
 
 This History is written for a population of 60,000, differing greatly in 
 their views and tastes, which the historian can not entirely disregard. 
 Hence, in addition to pioneer history, which constitutes a considerable por- 
 tion of the work, the reader will find a great variety of other matter, civil, 
 ecclesiastical, educational, commercial, agricultural, statistical and biographi- 
 cal, which will render it convenient and useful as a book of reference, now 
 and hereafter. It is believed that the exclusion of either of these subjects 
 would have materially impaired its value. 
 
 There was early manifested a desire among settlers to see the names of 
 themselves or their ancestors associated with the history of the county. 
 This desire is a natural and a proper one. A large portion of the early set- 
 tlers in every town have been mentioned, and many others will be 
 disappointed at not finding their own names. The omission was unavoida- 
 ble. A notice of one-half of the families of this large county, would have 
 infringed too much upon the space required for other topics. To visit every 
 family was impossible : those only were called on who were most accessible and 
 most likely to furnish the desired historical information. Hence the names of 
 many of the more worthy and prominent citizens have necessarily been omitted. 
 
 Biographical and genealogical sketches form a prominent feature of this 
 History. They will generally be found in the historical sketches of the 
 towns in which their subjects respectively resided or now reside. Sketches 
 of persons who have resided in several towns, are in some cases inserted in 
 the histories of the towns in which they passed the earlier or more eventful 
 period of their lives. Probably no part of the History will be more fre- 
 quently referred to than this. Many of these sketches contain much 
 interesting historical matter, and will amply compensate a perusal. Their 
 number has been materially increased by the unusual and unexpected num- 
 ber of portraits furnished by citizens, who, by their generous contribution to 
 the eipbelllshment of the work, deserved a full biographical and family 
 sketch of the person represented by the portrait. One characteristic of 
 these biographical notes can hardly escape the notice of the reader — the 
 absence of eulogy, especially of the living. As persons widely difttr in their 
 estimate of the characters of their fellow-men, it was deemed prudent not to 
 venture beyond a simple statement of the more noticeable incidents and 
 events of the life of any living subject. 
 
VlU INTRODUCTION. 
 
 The attention of the reader is invited to the plan and arrangement of the 
 work. Matter of general interest and application, and relating to the early 
 history of the state and county, is first introduced, and is arranged under 
 appropriate heads or titles. This greatly facilitates the finding of historical 
 facts. The general history of the county is followed by a particular history 
 of the several towns, in alphabetical order. The historical sketch of each 
 town includes the names of early farmers, mechanics, business and profes- 
 sional men, and notices of mills, manufactories, schools, churches, etc. This 
 will aid in the search for matter relating to the towns. The Table of Con- 
 tents at the beginning, and the Index at the end, of the volume, will gener- 
 ally enable the reader to find what he seeks for. His searches, however, 
 will be greatly facilitated by making himself familiar with the arrangement of 
 the work. But the greatest advantage would be gained from at least one 
 perusal, in course, of the entire History. Many interesting occurrences 
 therein recorded, might, without such perusal, never come to the knowledge 
 of the reader. 
 
 It soon became apparent that the work would far exceed its prescribed 
 limits. To keep it within a proper and convenient size and weight, type one 
 size smaller than was at first intended, was selected ; the printed page was 
 greatly enlarged ; and the reading matter was increased twenty per cent, be- 
 yond the quantity promised. And paper of less than the usual weight and 
 thickness was taken to render the book more convenient in the using, and to 
 insure its greater strength and durability. 
 
 Those who have read the foregoing pages will need no further apology for 
 the unexpected delay in the issue of this work. No one regrets it more 
 deeply than myself To my patrons this delay is a gain at my expense. A 
 history of the county might have been written in half the time expended 
 upon this ; but I would not offer to the public what was not satisfactory to 
 myself. I presumed they would rather be served later with a good book than 
 earlier with an indifferent one. In respect to its embellishment they will be 
 more than satisfied. No definite number of portraits was promised. Instead 
 of fifty, which, it was hoped, might be obtained, the public are presented 
 with double that number, of which one-half are fine steel engravings, in 
 which the subjects of the pictures will be readily recognized, except, per- 
 haps, in a few cases of defective photographs, or of pictures taken 
 twenty-five or thirty years ago. The aggregate cost of the portraits exceeds 
 eight thousand dollars. 
 
 To the numerous friends who have given me assurances of their interest 
 in this enterprise, I offer my grateful acknowledgments. All who have been 
 applied to for information, have cheerfully rendered ' the desired service. 
 
INTRODUCTION. ix 
 
 Next to Judge Foote, the projector of the History, who has devoted years 
 of gratuitous labor to his favorite object, Hon. Obed Edson has the strong- 
 est claim to the gratitude of the people of this county. The " prehistoric 
 matter," (as it has been appropriately termed,) with which the work com- 
 mences, and which has cost much time and elaborate reseiaarch, has been 
 gratuitously furnished ; and it will be regarded, by most appreciative minds, 
 as an invaluable contribution to the work. The lectures of the liate Hon. 
 Samuel A. Brown, delivered in the Jamestown academy, in 1843, and Judge 
 E. F. Warren's Historical Sketches of Chautauqua County,' have furnished 
 valuable matter. Some has also been obtained from the sketches of early 
 settlers in Stockton and EUery, by J. L. Bugbee, and S. S. Crissey, Esqs. 
 As the greater portion of the matter thus obtained is interwoven with what 
 has been collected from various other sources, specific credit could not, in all 
 cases, be given to these authors, without unpleasant interruptions of the nar- 
 rative, and the disfigurement of the printed page. Thanks are also due to 
 Dr. Taylor for the free use of his History of Portland. Having devoted 
 to his work several years of careful investigation, it is presumed to be, as re- 
 spects the history of that town, generally correct and reliable. Hence 
 much of what appears in this work relating to the history of Portlajid, has 
 been taken from, or is based upon, that History. The few errors discovered 
 in it are in matter relating to other towns, and come from those hastily pre- 
 pared, unreliable histories elsewhere referred to. Dr. Taylor has done his 
 fellow-citizens a valuable service, for which, doubtless, they are duly 
 grateful. 
 
 Matter was received from many sources after the greater portion of the 
 work had been printed. Much of it was intended to supply omissions in pre- 
 ceding pages, among which were parts of several biographical and family 
 sketches accompanying portraits. This matter, together with some that had 
 been prepared, and intended for the body of the work, appears in a " Sup- 
 plement" of 50 pages, to which the special attention of the reader is invited. 
 Much of this supplemental matter will be found arranged under the titles of 
 the towns to which portions of it properly belonged. Other parts of it, among 
 which is a sketch of Chautauqua lake and its surroundings, have been 
 prepared since the printing was far advanced. 
 
 Lastly, I congratulate myself on the termination of my arduous and pro- 
 tracted labors. If those for whom these labors have been performed shall 
 be satisfied, my highest object will have been attained. 
 
 A. W. Y. 
 
 December, iSyj. 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 CHAUTAUQUA ANTERIOR TO ITS PIONEER SETTLEMENT. 
 The Mound Builders, 17. The Neutral and other Huron-Iroquois Nations, 20. The Je- 
 suits, 24. Wars of the Huron-Nations, 25. La Salle, 26. Baron La Ronton, 29. 
 Indian Occupation, 30. Events leading to the French and Indian Wars, 34. Origin 
 of the name Chautauqua, 35. The Portage-Road, 37. Washington's journey to French 
 Creek, 45. The French War, 45. Pontiac's War, 48. Col. Broadhead's Expedi- 
 tion, 50. British Expedition over Chautauqua Lake, in 1782, 51. Washington's cor- 
 respondence with Gen. Irvine, 54. Survey of the State Boundary Line, 60. Indian 
 Wars, and the conclusion, 61. , 
 
 PRELIMIN.ARY HISTORY— HOLLAND COMPANY'S PURCHASE. 
 Discovery of America ; British grants ; efforts to establish colonies, 63. Cesaion of West- 
 ern lands to the general government, 64. Phelps and Gorham's Purchase, 64. Hol- 
 land Company's Purchase, 66-9. 
 
 EARLY SETTLEMENT OF THE COUNTY. 
 Controversy concerning the first settlement, 70. John and James McMahan's Purchases, 
 73. Settlements in Westfield, Ripley, and Canadaway, 73-6. Portland and Hanover, 
 76. South-east part of the county, 77. Chautauqua, 77. Kiantone, 77. 
 
 PIONEER HISTORY. 
 Early dwellings, 78. Clearing land, 80. Wild animals, 81. Early fanning, 85. Early 
 cooking, 87. Fare of the early settlers, 88. Household manufactures, 8g. Stores and 
 trade, 91. Ashes a staple product, 94. Nature of trade, 97. Division of business, 98. 
 
 REFLECTIONS ON PIONEER LIFE, 99-101. 
 EDUCATION. 
 Early schools ; course of instruction ; manner of teaching ; description of a school-house ; 
 dunce block ; school fund, 102-4. 
 
 RELIGIOUS HISTORY. 
 Early occupation of the county by missionaries — Rev. John Spencer, and others, 105-8. 
 Gospel land, 108. 
 
 ORGANIZATION OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 Division of the State into counties, 109-13. First county ofScers, 113. Building court- 
 houses, 114. Division of the county into towns, 115. 
 
 EARLY ROADS. 
 
 Old Portage Road, 116-17. Road from Pennsylvania to Chautauqua lake, 117. Mayville 
 and Cattaraugus road, 118. 
 
 EARLY MAILS AND MAIL ROUTES. 
 Early mail contractors, post-offices, and postmasters, 119-26. 
 
 POLICY OF THE HOLLAND LAND COMPANY. 
 Price of land and terms of sale, 126. Condition of the settlers, 128. Sale of the Compa- 
 ny's lands ; Gepesee land tariff ; land-office destroyed, 129-31. Policy of Mr. Seward, 
 131-5. Cherry Valley Company's purchase, 135. 
 
CONTENTS. XI 
 
 LA FAYETTE IN CHAUTAUQUA. 
 Sketch of La Fayette, 135. Reception at Westfield, 136. Reception at Fredonia, 139-42. 
 
 TEMPERANCE HISTORY. 
 Drinking customs, 142. Temperance reform measures, 144-46. 
 
 ANTISLAVERY HISTORY. 
 Early measures of abolitionists ; violent opposition ; action of Congress, 146^. , 
 
 MEDICAL SOCIETIES. .''■*' 
 
 Chautauqua County Medical Society, 148. Eclectic Medical Society, 148. 
 
 AGRICULTURAL SOCIETIES. 
 Early encouraged by DeWitt Clinton, 149. Chautauqua County Agricultural Society 
 formed, 150. 
 
 RAILROADS IN CHAUTAUQUA. 
 
 New York and Erie Railroad Company, 150. Celebration at Dunkirk, 151. Buffalo & 
 Erie and other railroads, 153. Atlantic & Great Western Railway, 153. Dunkirk, 
 Allegany & Pittsburgh and other railroads, 154-5. 
 
 POLITICAL HISTORY. 
 Early parties and their principles ; the federalists and republicans ; nature of the Union, 
 155-8. Alien and sedition laws ; Virginia and Kentucky resolutions, 158—60. Polit- 
 ical parties in Chautauqua, 160-2. Parties in the state ; Clintonians and Bucktails, 
 162-6. Anti-masonic party, 166-9. American party, 169-71. Present parties, 171. 
 
 WAR HISTORY— War of 1812. 
 Causes of the war ; war declared, 1 72-3. Chautauqua militia, 173-5. British cruisers ; bat- 
 tle of Black Rock, 175-7. Officers of the militia companies ; results of the war, 178-81. 
 
 Civil War. 
 Origin of the war, 182-4. Commencement of hostilities ; confederate government ; Lin- 
 coln's proclamation, 184-6. Movements in the North ; public meetings, 186—9. 
 Further action of the government ; more troops raised, 189-91. Suspension of ha teas 
 corpus, 191. Close of the war, 193-4. * 
 
 COUNTY NEWSPAPERS, 194-7, 634. 
 OLD SETTLERS' FESTIVALS. 
 Reiinion at Fredonia, 197-207. Reiinion at Forestville, 207-210. Reunion at James- 
 town, 210-218. 
 
 THE GREAT ECLIPSE OF 1806, 218-19. 
 
 TOWN HISTORIES. 
 ARKWRIGHT. 
 Formation of the town, and its settlement, 220-25. Biographical and genealogical 
 sketches, 225-27. Churches, 227. [See Supplement, 625.] 
 
 BUSTI. 
 Formation and settlement of the town, 227-33. Biographical and genealogical sketches, 
 233-41. Churches, 241. 
 
 CARROLL. 
 
 Formation of the town and its settlement, 241-6. Mills and factories, 247. Biographical 
 and genealogical sketches, 248-50. Baptist church, 251. [Supplement — John Frew 
 and Thomas Russell, 625. M. E. Church, 626.] 
 
 CHARLOTTE. 
 Formation and settlement of the town, 251-56. Dunkirk, Warren & Pittsburgh railroad, 
 257. Biographical and genealogical sketches,' 258-61. Churches and Lodges, 261-2. 
 
xn CONTENTS. 
 
 CHAUTAUQUA. 
 Formation and settlement, 262-70. Emigration of the Prendergast family, 264-6. Bio- 
 graphical and genealogical sketches, 270-83. Churches and other associations, 283-4. 
 Supplement — Lowry Families, 626 ; insecurity of land titles in Western Pennsylva- 
 nia, 627-9; Lowrys, who settled in this county, and other settlers, 629-30. 
 
 CHERRY CREEK. 
 Formation and settlement, 284-91. Biographical and genealogical sketches, 291-3. 
 Churches, and other associations, 293-4. 
 
 CLYMER. 
 Formation and settlement, 295-300. Biographical and genealogical sketches, 300-2. 
 Churches, 302. 
 
 DUNKIRK. 
 
 Formation and settlement, 302-4. Village of Dunkirk, sketch of, 304-7. Manufactures, 
 305-7,630-31. Biographical and genealogical sketches, 307-12. Churches, 312-13. 
 
 ELLERY. 
 Formation and settlement, 313-20. Biographical and genealogical , sketches, 320-26. 
 Churches, 326. 
 
 ELLICOTT. 
 
 Formation and settlement, 327-30. First Independence celebration, 331. Worksburg, 
 332. Biographical and genealogical sketches, 333-4. Jamestown : its survey and 
 settlement, 335-6. Mills, 336 ; rising of water in the lake, 337. Settlers in the vil- 
 •^e, 337-42. Territorial enlargement, 343. Village incorporated, 343. Manufac- 
 tures, 344-50. Biographical and genealogical sketches, 350-72. Jamestown land 
 association, 372. Cemeteries, 372. Churches and other associations, 373-6. Lum- 
 ber manufacture, 376-9. 
 
 ELLINGTON. 
 
 Formation and settlement, 379-84. Biographical and genealogical sketches, 385-6. 
 Churches, 386—7. 
 
 FRENCH CREEK. 
 
 • 
 
 Formation and topography of the town, 388-9. Its settlement, 389-93. Biographical 
 and genealogical sketches, 394-5. Churches, 395-6. 
 
 GERRY. 
 When formed, 396. Settlement of, 396-9. Biographical and genealogical sketches, 
 400-2. Churches, 403. 
 
 HANOVER. 
 
 Erection and settlement of the town, 403-8. Silver Creek, 409-13. Great black-walnut 
 tree, 414. Forestville, 413-15. Irving, 415-16. Biographical and genealogical 
 sketches, 416-26. Churches, &c., 426-9. 
 
 HARMONY. 
 Erection, description, and settlement of, 429-36. Mills, stores, &c., 437-8. Biographical 
 and genealogical sketches, 438-43. Churches, 443-5. 
 
 KIANTONE. 
 Formation and description of, 445. Settlement of, 445-8. Biographical and genealogi- 
 cal sketches, 449-51. Churches, 452. 
 
 MINA. 
 Formation and settlement of, 452-6. Mills, stores, &c., 456-8. Churches, 459, 
 
 POLAND^ 
 Erection, description, and aettlettient' of, 459-63. Mills, 463. Biographical and genea- 
 logical sketches, 464-6. Chnrches, 466. 
 
CONTENTS. xui 
 
 POMFRET. 
 Formation and settlement of, 466-75. Fredonia Academy, &c., 47S-6. Laona, 477-8. 
 Biographical and genealogical sketches, 478-94. Churches, 494-6. [See also Sup- 
 plement, town of Pomfret, 646.] 
 
 PORTLAND. 
 Formation, description, and settlement of, 497-9. Early mechanics, merchants, mills, 
 &c., S00-3. Grape and wine culture, 504-6. Biographical and genealogical 
 sketches, 506-9. Churches, 509-12. [See also Supplement, Portland, 647.] 
 
 RIPLEY. 
 Formation, description, and settlement of, 512—16. Mills, stores, &c., ^ly-lS. Bio- 
 graphical sketches, 518-31. Churches, 531-2. [See Supplement, 640-2.] 
 
 SHERIDAN. 
 Formation and settlement of, 533-5. Biographical sketches, 535-44. 
 
 SHERMAN. 
 Formation and settlement of, 544-7. Mills, machinery, &c., S47—S. Biographical 
 sketches, 548-53- Churches, ic, 553-4. [See Supplement, 642.] 
 
 STOCKTON. 
 Formation and settlement of, 554-61. Early merchants, mechanics, mills, etc., 561-2. 
 Biographical sketches, 563-71. Churches, 571-3. [See Supplement, 643-5.] 
 
 VILLENOVA. 
 Erection and settlement of, 573-9- Mills, stores, and mechanics, 579-80. Biographical 
 sketches, 580-4. Churches, 584. [See Supplement, 645.] 
 
 WESTFIELD. 
 Formation and settlement of, 584-8. Early stores, taverns, and physicians, 588-9. Mills, 
 manufactories, etc., 590-1. " Warsaw club, " 592. Barcelona, 592. Biographical 
 sketches, 593-615. Churches, 615-18. [See al.so Supplement, 646.] 
 
 SUPPLEMENT. 
 
 CHAUTAUQUA ANTIQUITIES. 
 A trench filled with human bones, uncovered in Harmony, 619-20. Indian mounds in 
 EUicott, 620. 
 
 INDIANS. 
 
 Reservations, on the Holland Purchase — Cattaraugus Reservation, 621. Cayuga, Oneida, 
 
 Onondaga, and Tonawanda, 622. Tuscarora, 623. 
 
 COLD SUMMER — 623-4. 
 
 ARKWRIGHT. 
 
 William Wilcox, genealogical sketch of, 623. [See portrait and sketch, 227.] 
 
 CARROLL. 
 
 John Frew and' Thomas Russell, early settlers in this town, 625-6. Methodist Episcopal 
 
 Church, 626. 
 
 CHAUTAUQUA. 
 
 Lowry Families, 626-9. Land titles in North-western Pennsylvania, 627-9. Additional 
 
 names of settlers in Mayville, 629-30. 
 
 DUNKIRK. 
 
 Locomotive works, and other manufacturing establishments, 630-1. Churches, 631-2. 
 
 ELLICOTT — ^JAMESTO.WN. 
 
 Family sketches of R. E. Fenton, Corydon Hitchcock, and N. A. Lowry, 632-3. 
 
XIV CONTENTS. 
 
 HANOVER. 
 Sketches of J. G. Hopkins, S. J. Smith, 633-4. Chautauqua Farmer, 634. 
 
 HARMONY. 
 Morris Norton, Charles Parker, and Stephen W. Steward, 634-5. 
 
 POLAND. 
 William Falconer, Varanus Page, 635. Churches, 635-6. 
 
 POMFRET. 
 Settlement and sketches of additional settlers in this town, 636-9. Manufactures, 639. 
 M. E. church, 639. H. Bosworth, N. D. Snow, R. H. Hall, W. H. Abell, 646-7. 
 
 RIPLEY. 
 Judd W. Cass and John B. Dinsmore, early settlers, 640. Elihu and Dudley Marvin, 641. 
 
 SHERMAN. 
 
 Josiah R. Keeler, an early settler in this town, and a prominent citizen, 642. 
 
 STOCKTON. 
 Ellsworth family, 643. Fisher families, 643-4. Sawyer Phillips' family, 644. 
 
 VILLENOVA. 
 
 Villeroy Balcom, an early settler ; biographical sketch of, 645. Freewill Baptist church, 
 organization and sketch of, 645-6. 
 
 WESTFIELD. 
 
 Sherman Williams, correction of biographical sketch of, 646. 
 
 CONEWANGO, CATTARAUGUS CO. 
 
 Thomas J. Wheeler, biographical and genealogical sketch of, 647-8. 
 
 RETIREMENT OF JUDGES. 
 
 Judges Elial T. Foote and Thomas B. Campbell decline reappointments ; action of the 
 court thereon, 648-50. 
 
 BANKS, 650-2. 
 
 OFFICIAL REGISTER. 
 
 JUSTICES OF THE PEACE. 
 
 Appointment of, by council of appointment, for Genesee county, and of Niagara, 652. 
 
 CORONERS. 
 
 Appointments for Genesee and Niagara counties, 652. 
 
 MEMBERS OF CONGRESS. 
 
 Election of, in the districts of which Chautauqua was a part, 652-3. ' * 
 
 STATE SENATORS. 
 
 The districts they represented, and the years in which they served, 653. 
 
 MEMBERS OF ASSEMBLY. 
 The districts and counties they represented, and tljje years in which they served, 654. 
 
 DELEGATES TO CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTIONS. 
 The districts or counties they represented, and the year of each convenfipn, 655. 
 
 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTORS. 
 From districts including the county of Chautauqua, 655. 
 
 CIRCUIT AND COUNTY JUDGES, JUSTICES OF THE SUPREME COU»T, 655-6. 
 
 DISTRICT ATTORNEYS, SURROGATES, SHERIFFS, CLERKS, TREASURERS, 656-7. 
 
 SUPERINTENDENTS OF FOOB, AND OF COMMON SCHOOLS, 658. 
 
 CHAUTAUQUA LAKE. 
 
 A summer resort ; its steamers, 659-62 ; hotels, 662-3. Fair Point, Point Chautauqua, 
 663-5. 
 
 REAL AND FERSO^IhU. ipt'ATH, TAXES, POPULATION, 665-6. ' ^ 
 
 NOTBS A|B^ CORRECTIONS, 657. 
 
EMBELLISHMENTS. 
 
 Abell, Moseley W., . 
 Abell, Thomas G., 
 
 Sketch, . 
 Abell, William H., . 
 Allen, Augustus F., . 
 Angell, Cyrus D. , 
 Baker, Henry, 
 Balcom, Villeroy, 
 Baldwin, Levi, 
 Barker, Leverett, . 
 Barker, George, 
 Barr*tt, Samuel, 
 Bemus, Charles, . 
 Benedict, Odin, 
 Bentley, Uriah, 
 Bishop, Elijah, 
 Blasdell, Stephen, 
 Bliss, Elam C, 
 Bly, Theron S., 
 Brewer, Francis B., . 
 Brigham, Willard W., 
 Brockway, Burban, 
 Brown, Samuel A., . 
 Bumell, Madison, 
 Burritt, Charles, . 
 Campbell, Thomas B., 
 Chandler, Woodley W. , 
 
 Sketch, . . 
 Chapin, James E. , 
 Cook, Orsell, . 
 Couch, Warren, 
 Cushing, Zattu, . * 
 Cushing, William B., 
 Dewey, Lester R., 
 Dorman, Dearing, 
 Drake, Jeremiah C, 
 Eason, David, . . 
 
 Sketch, . 
 Eaton, David, . 
 Edson, John M., . . 
 Ellsworth, Jeremiah, 
 pUsworth, Stukely, 
 Farwell, Omar, 
 Fenton, William H,, 
 
 307 
 126 
 478 
 478 
 
 350 
 416 
 
 3S2 
 645 
 225 
 
 479 
 480 
 
 353 
 321 
 322 
 
 233 
 354 
 291 
 
 593 
 234 
 594 
 308 
 
 519 
 
 355 
 356 
 481 
 
 595 
 332 
 357 
 596 
 
 357 
 597 
 
 482 
 
 483 
 549 
 545 
 598 
 
 74^ 
 599 
 506 
 258 
 419 
 
 643 
 272 
 
 359 
 
 Fenton, Reuben E., . 
 
 Sketch, 
 Fletcher, Adolphus, 
 Foote, Elial T., . . 
 
 Sketch, . . . 
 Foote, Charles C, 
 Frank, Michael, . 
 Gage, Charles B., 
 GifFord, William, 
 Gleason, Hiram N., 
 Griffith, John, . . . 
 Griswold, John E., 
 Hall, John P., . 
 Hall, Ralph H., . . 
 
 Sketch, . . . 
 Hall, Asa, .... 
 Hazeltine, Daniel, 
 Hinkley, Watson S., 
 Hitchcock, Corj'don, 
 Houghton, Jacob, 
 Hungerford, Sextus H., 
 Jones, Solomon, . 
 Jones, EUick, . 
 Kent, Joseph, . . 
 Kip, Benjamin H., 
 La Due, Joshua, . 
 Leland, Cephas R., . 
 Lowry, Morrow B., . 
 Maples, Charles G., . 
 Marshall, John E., 
 Marvin, Richard P., 
 Marvin, Dudley, . 
 May borne, Wm. A., 
 McKenzie, Donald, . 
 McMahan, James, 
 
 Sketch, 
 Minton, John H., 
 Mixer, Nathan, . . 
 Montgomery, James, 
 Morian, Jacob, 
 MuUett, James, . . 
 Orton, Samuel G., 
 Osborne, Thomas A., 
 Patterson, George W. , 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 ■ • 358 
 358, 632 
 
 . 362 
 Frontispiece. 
 359 
 . . 361 
 237 
 . 420 
 . . 271 
 
 ■ • 550 
 323 
 540 
 
 • • 485 
 
 . . 486 
 
 486, 647 
 
 . 600 
 
 364 
 
 . 601 
 
 632 
 
 587 
 602 
 
 365 
 366 
 
 293 
 551 
 508 
 421 
 273 
 325 
 274 
 
 367 
 641 
 
 277 
 276 
 70 
 604 
 605 
 422 
 606 
 
 489 
 52s 
 277 
 607 
 
XVI 
 
 EMBELLISHMENTS. 
 
 
 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 Pattison, Jonathan S 543 
 
 Southland, Judson, 
 
 . . . . 240 
 
 Peacock, William, ... 
 
 
 278 
 
 Spencer, John, . . 
 
 . . . . 612 
 
 Pier, Rufus, 
 
 
 368 
 
 Sprague, Jonathan, . 
 
 • • 492 
 
 Plumb, Alvin 
 
 
 608 
 
 Steward, John,' . . 
 
 441 
 
 Prendergast, Matthew, . . 
 
 
 279 
 
 Steward, Sardius, 
 
 442 
 
 Prendergast, Jediah, . . . 
 
 
 280 
 
 Steward, Stephen W., 
 
 63s 
 
 Prendergast, James, . . 
 
 
 335 
 
 Strunk, William H., 
 
 • • 333 
 
 Prendergast, Alex. T., . . . 
 
 
 447 
 
 Taylor, Horace C, . 
 
 . . . . 509 
 
 Prendergast, Stephen, . . . 
 
 
 526 
 
 Tinker, Reuben, . 
 
 . 613 
 
 Prendergast, Henry A., . . 
 
 
 527 
 
 Tracy, Jedediah, . . 
 
 282 
 
 Pullman, Lewis 
 
 
 647 
 
 Warren, Amos K., . 
 
 • 571 
 
 Rice, Victor M. 
 
 
 301 
 
 Warren, Chauncey, . 
 
 ■ 570 
 
 Risley, Elijah, .... 
 
 
 490 
 
 Warren, Emory F., 
 
 • • 493 
 
 Robertson, John R., 
 
 
 
 281 
 
 Wells, Austin L., 
 
 . 614 
 
 Sackett, Niram, . 
 
 
 
 423 
 
 White, Squire, 
 
 • 494 
 
 Shepard, Fitch, . 
 
 
 
 370 
 
 Wilcox, William, 
 
 . . 227 
 
 Sherman, Daniel, 
 
 
 
 424 
 
 Sketch, . . 
 
 227, 625 
 
 Sixbey, Herman, . 
 
 
 
 610 
 
 Williams, Daniel, 
 
 • • ■ 443 
 
 Skinner, Otis, 
 
 
 
 552 
 
 Williams, Sherman, 
 
 . 615 
 
 Slawson, Silas N., 
 
 
 
 425 
 
 Sketch, . . . 
 
 . . 615, 646 
 
 Smallwood, John, 
 
 
 
 528 
 
 Willson, John I., 
 
 • • -37' 
 
 Smith, Austin, 
 
 
 
 611 
 
 Wilson, William R., 
 
 . 402 
 
 Smith, Philip M., 
 
 
 
 385 
 
 Winsor, Samuel B., . 
 
 • 372 
 
 Smith, Rodney B., 
 
 
 
 426 
 
 Young, Andrew W., 
 
 .... 5 
 
 Snow, Noah D., . 
 
 
 
 491 
 
 Sketch, . . 
 
 • 529 
 
 Sketch, . . 
 
 
 49 
 
 I, 646 
 
 Young, Charles P., . 
 
 .... 530 
 
 Note. — Some persons who have furnished portraits, paid for the number at first 
 supposed to be necessary to supply the whole edition of the History. It was subsequently 
 ascertained that a larger edition would be needed to supply the demand. Some of those 
 who had paid for the smaller number being indisposed to increase the expense, or being 
 satisfied with that number, their portraits do not appear in the entire edition. Two or 
 three may yet be added, which are not mentioned in the above list. 
 
 Corrections. — A few errors have been discovered in the printed sheets, which are 
 noticed and corrected on page 667. 
 
 Abbreviations. — The letter /., or //., signifies township ; and r. signifies range. The 
 interrogation point in parenthesis marks (?) means query, and indicates that the preceding 
 statement is doubtful, and needs further inquiry. * 
 
HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA ANTERIOR TO ITS 
 PIONEER SETTLEMENT. 
 
 BY OBED EDSON. 
 
 The Mound Builders. 
 
 The pioneers of Chautauqua county found it an unbroken wilderness ; yet 
 often when exploring its silent depths, where forest- shadows hung deepest, 
 they were startled at the discovery of unmistakable evidences of its having 
 been anciently inhabited by a numerous people. Crowning the brows of 
 hills that were flanked by dark ravines ; along the shores of its lakes and 
 streams ; in its valleys at numerous points, were the plain traces of their 
 industry ; earthworks or fortifications mostly circular ; pits bearing marks of 
 use by fire ; ancient highways and mounds, in which lay buried mouldering 
 skeletons ; and later, where forests had given place to cultivated fields, the 
 spade and plow in the spring time, made strange revelations of rude imple- 
 ments of war and peace, and oftentimes of the crumbling relics of an ancient 
 burial place. At first these monuments were believed to be of European 
 origin ; and patient research was made among early records for an account 
 of events happening upon the eastern continent, a little prior to and about 
 the time of the discovery of America, that would afford an explanation of 
 their existence. But the great age of the forest trees growing above them, 
 and other marks of antiquity, demonstrated this belief to be unfounded. A 
 solution of the mystery was then sought among the traditions of the aborig- 
 ines ; but carefulf investigation has proved these ruins to be so old that 
 tradition can throw no light upon them ; and that they cannot be the work 
 of the ancestors of the Indians found here. 
 
 Commencing near the centre of the state, they extend westwardly. Over 
 Chautauqua county they were thickly strewn ; farther to the west and south, 
 in the valleys of the Ohio and Mississippi, these ancient remains were still 
 more numerously found, in larger dimensions, and it is evident of much 
 greater antiquity. There, for a long period of time, must have dwelt a large 
 and industrious people. The geometric precision with which their works 
 were constructed ; the fine workmanship of their pottery ; their ornaments 
 and implements made of copper, silver and porphyry ; the remarkable skill, 
 
1 8 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 and the long period of time during which they must have worked the copper 
 mines of Lake Superior, proved them to have possessed a considerable degree 
 of civilization. Still further to the south, in Mexico, Central America, and 
 Peru, are found ruins of a more magnificent character; of immense cities 
 leagues in extent ; superb edifices of hewn stone, pure in design, and correct 
 in architecture ; built by a people possessed of a knowledge of painting, 
 sculpture, and astronomy ; who understood the art of writing, as shown by 
 inscriptions upon their palaces, and the written books, rescued during the 
 Spanish conquest of Mexico, some of which are still in existence and have 
 been partially translated.* Although these ancient remains found in Chau- 
 tauqua county, as compared with those of Mexico and Peru, seem but humble 
 memorials of the past, they are, notwithstanding, equally with those more 
 imposing ruins, genuine relics of olden times, erected by the labor of human 
 hands long before the discovery of America by Columbus, t 
 
 In the town of Sheridan, not far from where the Erie railway crosses the 
 highway that leads from Fredonia to Forestville, at an early day was plainly 
 to be seen an ancient fortification, circular in form, inclosing many acres. 
 The evidences then existed, that the land in that vicinity had once been 
 cleared, but had since come up to timber of at least three hundred years 
 growth. Pestles, mortars, and other stone implements were found, and 
 numerous pits occurring at regular intervals, were formerly observed there. 
 These, in every instance, were found two together, or in pairs. In this 
 vicinity, from time to time, many human bones have also been brought to 
 light. In the summer of 1870, a large grave was opened, from which a 
 great number of human skeletons were exhumed. These were the bones of 
 individuals of both sexes and all years, from infancy to old age. They were 
 indiscriminately mingled together, clearly indicatihg an unceremonious and 
 promiscuous burial. Near the eastern boundary of the village of Fredonia, 
 not far from the Canadaway, extending from bank to bank, a distance of • 
 about two hundred feet across the level summit of an eminence, still known 
 as " Fort Hill," was an ancient intrenchment ; in front of which were once 
 the traces of a large pit. In the vicinity of these remains, human bones 
 and the usual Indian relics have occasionally been found. In the town of 
 Westfield, were extensive remains of earth-works ; and in the town of Port- 
 land, besides a circular earth-work and other evidences of ^cient occupation, 
 there were also several ancient roadways. Excavations have shown that one 
 of them was underlaid by a bed of large stones, deeply covered with earth 
 and gravel. J 
 
 Around the beautiful lakes and village of Cassadaga occur, perhaps, the 
 most extensive remains of any in the county. At the extremity of the cape 
 
 * Ancient America, by J. D. Baldwin. 
 
 f It is the opinion of Squier the archaeologist, that the remains found in Western New 
 York, and the mounds of the Mississippi Valley, are not the work of the same people. 
 The latter are undoubtedly much the oldest. 
 
 i History of Portland, by Dr. Taylor. 
 
THE MOUND BUILDERS. I9 
 
 which extends from the south-western side far into the lower of these 
 lakes, is a curious and conspicuous mound. Its longest diameter is about 
 seven rods; its shortest, five. Its summit is about twelve feet above the 
 level of the lake, and is about eight feet above the low neck of land in its 
 rear, that connects it with the higher and wider part of the cape. Whether 
 it is an artificial structure, or the work of Nature, is open to conjecture; it 
 seems, however, to have been anciently occupied, for the usual relics have 
 been found there in great abundance. Stretching across this cape for a dis- 
 tance of, perhaps, twenty rods, along the bririk of the plateau that rises 
 about twelve rods in the rear of this tumulus, was an earthenware breast- 
 work. Still further to the rear, extending nearly from shore to shore, was 
 another breastwork. Thus were several acres inclosed by these earthen 
 works, and the two shores of the lake. In the vicinity, large quantities of 
 pottery and stone utensils have been found. Near the northern shore of the 
 lake was a large mound ; although frequent plowing has reduced its dimen- 
 sions, it is still four or five feet high, and three or four rods in diameter. It 
 is said to have been twelve feet high when first seen, with forest trees of 
 centuries' growth standing upon it. About 1822, this mound was excavated, 
 and a large number of human skeletons exhumed. Extending from an 
 extensive fire bed in the neighborhood of this mound, in a north-westerly 
 direction, a distance of sixty rods or more, on the east side of the 
 lake, was an elevated strip of land of the width of the track of an ordi- 
 nary turnpike, bearing the appearance of having been once a graded way. 
 The traces of this ancient road are still plainly visible. At various other 
 places around Cassadaga, and along the shore of the lake, were numerous 
 caches and extensive fire beds, or hearths, with an abundance of coal and 
 ashes buried deep in the ground. Skeletons have been exhumed in many 
 places, and arrows, pottery and stone implements in great profusion. 
 
 Extensive remains were also found at Sinclairville and in its vicinity. A 
 distance of about one mile south of that village, in the town of Gerry, was 
 a circular intrenchment inclosing several acres; within which. numerous 
 skeletons and rude implements of stone have been discovered. North-east 
 of this intrenchment, a distance of about one hundred and thirty rods, was 
 an ancient cemetery, in which the remains of many people seem to have 
 been regularly interred. This old Indian burying ground was well known 
 from the first settlement of the county, and was a subject of much specula- 
 tion among the early inhabitants. Fifty years ago, or more, as many as fifty 
 skeletons were disinterred on one occasion. Some of them are said to have 
 been of unusual size ; and within the last twenty years, twenty-five skeletons 
 were disinterred on another occasion.* The bodies were regularly buried in 
 a sitting position, in rows, alternating and facing each other. In the woods, 
 in Gerry, two miles south-east of Sinclairville, is still visible one of these cir- 
 cular fortifications, with large forest trees growing from its ditch and wall. 
 Close by Sinclairville, upon the high bluff to the west, that rises precipitously 
 
 * The author was present on this occasion. 
 
20 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 from Mill creek, was once an earth-work, circular in form, within which 
 was a deep excavation. The excavation and intrenchment have long since 
 disappeared, and now, from this commanding eminence so inclosed, a beau- 
 tiful prospect may be had of the village and the surrounding hills. 
 
 Extending along the northern and southern boundary of the plateau, on 
 which a principal part of the village is situated, were two earthen breast- 
 works. Between these two embankments, the main fortifications seemed to 
 be situated. It was an extensive circular earth-work, having a trench with- 
 out, and a gateway opening to a small stream that passed along its southern 
 side. This work inclosed six or seven acres of what is now a central portion 
 of the village. A part of the main street, portions of other streets, and the 
 village green, all were included within this old inclosure. 
 
 At other points, within the town of Gerry, and in the town of Stockton, 
 were remains of similar earth-works, and other evidences of an early occupa- 
 tion. In the town of Ellington, at different places along the terrace of low 
 hills, that borders either side of the valley of Clear creek, there existed, at 
 the first settlement of the county, the remains of many of these circular in- 
 closures, in the vicinity of which, stone implements and other relics have 
 been plentifully discovered. Along the shore and outlet of Chautauqua 
 lake, were numerous mounds and other vestiges. Two of these old tumuli, 
 and the traces of an old roadway, are still visible near the eastern shore of 
 Chautauqua lake, at Griffith's Point, in the town of Ellery. 
 
 The description thus far given of the aboriginal monuments found in these 
 localities, will suffice for a further account of those that were found numer- 
 ously distributed in other parts of the county ; for they all bear the same 
 general resemblance. They prove this region to have once been a favorite 
 resort of an early race. Whence they came, how long they remained, and 
 what fortunes attended their existence, we have no record of There can be 
 little doubt, however, that here were once rudely cultivated fields, ancient 
 and perhaps populous villages, inhabited by a strange and primitive people. 
 
 • '* But they are gone, 
 
 With their old forests wide and deep, 
 And we have built our houses upon 
 Fields where their generations sleep. 
 
 'Their fountains slake our thirst at noon ; 
 Upon their fields our harvest waves ; 
 
 Our lovers woo beneath their moon — 
 Then let us spare, at least, their graves ! " 
 
 The Neutral and other Huron-Iroquois Nations. ^ 
 
 What races of people occupied the territory comprising the county of 
 Chautauqua, during the many centuries that elapsed after the Mound Build- 
 ers had passed away, and until the coming of Europeans to the states of 
 this continent, there remains no authentic information ; only such vague and 
 unsatisfactory accounts as tradition gives us : and had a reUable record been 
 preserved of the exploits of savage warfare, and of the monotonously recur- 
 ring revolutions incident to the history of a barbarous people, during so 
 
THE NEUTRAL AND OTHER HURON-IROQUOIS NATIONS. 21 
 
 long a period of time, it is doubtful whether it would afford us much instruc- 
 tionor entertainment. 
 
 When the interior of this continent first became known to Europeans, a 
 great family of Indian nations, composed of the most warlike tribes that then 
 inhabited North America, possessed all of Upper Canada, nearly all of New 
 York, and the greater parts of Ohio and Pennsylvania, and a portion of 
 Lower Canada, and of the Carolinas. They were known as the Huron-Iro- 
 quois, and spoke in the same generic tongue, sometimes called the Wyandot. 
 They were greatly superior in intellect, courage, and military skill to all the 
 other Indians of North America. They dwelt in permanent villages, situ- 
 ated in defensible positions, rudely fortified with a ditch and rows of pali- 
 sades. They practiced agriculture to a limited extent, and frequently, by a 
 long and laborious process of burning and hacking with axes of stone, 
 cleared extensive tracts of land, which they rudely cultivated with hoes of 
 wood and bone. By reason of their native superiority, and by their having 
 fixed places of abode, they became more advanced in the arts of life, than 
 the other wandering tribes of North America. Entirely surrounding this 
 family of warlike nations, but always shrinking before their fierce valor, was 
 a great number of independent tribes ; all speaking languages radically 
 different from that of the Wyandot. The general resemblance that has 
 been found to exist among these numerous tribes, has caused them to be 
 classed under the general name Algonquin. Beyond the territory of the 
 Algonquin, and in the western and southern portions of the United States, 
 were other tribes of Indians speaking still other languages.* 
 
 The Huron-Iroquois family of tribes were sub-divided into several formid- 
 able nations ; of these the Hurons dwelt in many villages, upon the small 
 peninsula lying between the Georgian Bay of Lake Huron, and Lake Simcoe 
 in Upper Canada.! Near to and south of the Hurons, among the Blue 
 Mountains of Canada, dwelt the Tionnontates, or Tobacco nation J South 
 of the Huron and Tobacco nations, was the country of the Attiwandarons, 
 Neutral nation or called the Kahkwas by the Senecas. Their territory 
 extended one hundred and twenty miles along the northern shore of 
 Lake Erie, and across the Niagara river into the state of New York, as 
 far east as the western limits of the Iroquois. They dwelt in forty villages ; 
 three or four of which were east of the Niagara river and Lake Erie.§ One 
 of their villages was located, it is believed, on a branch of the Eighteen 
 Mile creek, near White's Comers, in Erie county, in this State. || Their 
 territory extended west over Chautauqua county, along the southern shore 
 of Lake Erie, it is believed, some distance into the state of Ohio. The 
 Kahkwas, or Neutrals, were the first occupants of the soil of Chautauqua 
 
 * 3 Bancroft, Chap. xxii. Quackenbos, Chap. ii. Parker's Jesuits in North America, xi.x. 
 
 t Jesuits in North America, xxv. J Jesuits in North America, xliii. 
 
 § Lalemant Relation des Hurons, 1648. According to Hennepin, their territory extended 
 along the south side of Lake Erie into the state of Ohio, as far west as the middle point in 
 the south shore of Lake Erie. 
 
 II O. H. Marshall. 
 
22 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 county of whom we have any account. They were a singular race ot 
 people ; were great hunters, and were extremely superstitious, and ferocious 
 in their manners- They waged fierce wars against the Nation of Fire and 
 other western Indians. A letter from Father Lalemant to the Provincial of 
 Jesuits in France, dated at St. Mary's Mission, May 19,, 1641, contains many 
 interesting facts concerning them. He says : 
 
 "Jean De Brebeuf, and Joseph Marie Chaumonot, two Fathers of our 
 company which have charge of the 'mission to the Neutral nation, set out 
 from Si. Marie on the 2d day of November, 1640, to visit this people. Father 
 Brebeuf is peculiarly fitted for such an expedition, God having in an eminent 
 degree endowed him with a capacity for learning languages. His compan- 
 ion was also considered a proper person for the enterprise. 
 
 " Although many of our French in that quarter have visited this people to 
 profit by their furs and other commodities, we have no knowledge of any 
 who have been there to preach the gospel, except Father De La Roche 
 Dallion a Recollect, who passed the winter there in the year 1626. 
 
 " The nation is very populous, there being estimated about forty villages. 
 After leaving the Hurons, it is four or five days' journey, or about forty 
 leagues, to the nearest of their villages ; the course being nearly due south. 
 If, as indicated by the latest and most exact observations we can make, our 
 new station, St. Marie, in the interor of the Huron country, is in north 
 latitude about 44 degrees, 25 minutes, then the entrance of the Neuter 
 nation fi-om the Huron side is about 42 J^ degrees. More exact surveys 
 and observations cannot now be made, for the sight of a single instrument 
 would bring to extremes those who cannot resist the temptation of an ink 
 horn. 
 
 " From the first village of the Neuter nation that we met with in travel- 
 ing from this place, as we proceeded south or south-east, it is about four days' 
 travel to the place where the celebrated river of the nation empties into Lake 
 Ontario, or St. Loui?. On the west side of that river, and not on the east, 
 are the most numerous of the villages of the Neuter nation. There are 
 three or four on the east side, extending from east to west towards the Eries, 
 or Cat nation. 
 
 " This river is that by which our great lake of the Hurons, or fresh sea, is 
 discharged; which first empties into the lake of Erie, or of the nation 
 of the Cat; from thence it enters the territory of the Neuter nation and takes 
 the name of Onguiaahra [Niagara], until it empties into Ontario or St. Louis 
 lake, from which latter, flows the river which passes Quebec, called the St. 
 Lawrence ; so that if we once had control of the side of the lake nearest the 
 residence of the Iroquois, we could ascend by the river St. Lawrence with- 
 out danger, even to the Neuter nation and much beyond, with great saving 
 of time and trouble. 
 
 "According to the estimate of these illustrious Fathers who have been there, 
 the Neuter nation comprises about 12,000 souls; which enables them to 
 furnish 4,000 warriors, notwithstanding war, pestilence and famine have pre- 
 vailed among them for three years in an extraordinary manner. 
 
 " After all, I think that those who have heretofore ascribed such an extent 
 and population to this nation, have understood by the Neuter nation, all who 
 live south and south-west of our Hurons, and who are truly in great number 
 being at first only partially known, and all being comprised under the same 
 name. The most perfect knowledge of their language and country which has 
 
THE NEUTRAL AND OTHER HURON-IROQUOIS NATIONS. 23 
 
 since been obtained, has resulted in a clear distinction between the tribes. 
 Our, French, who first discovered this people, named them the 'Neuter 
 natfon;' and not without reason; for their country being the ordinary passage 
 by land between some of the Iroquois nations and the Hurons, who are 
 sworn enemies, they remained at peace with both; so that in times past, the 
 Hurons and Iroquois, meeting in the same wigwam or village of that nation, 
 were both in safety while they remained. Recently their enmity against each 
 other is so great, that there is no safety for either party in any place, particu- 
 larly for the Hurons, for whom the Neuter nation entertains the least good 
 wUl. 
 
 " There is every reason for believing, that not long since, the Hurons, 
 Iroquois, and Neuter nation, formed one people, and originally came from 
 the same family, but have, in the lapse of time, become separated from each 
 other, more or less, in distance, interest and affection, so that some are now 
 enemies, others neutral, and others still live in intimate friendship and inter- 
 course. 
 
 " The food and clothing of the Neuter nation seem little different from 
 that of our Hurons. They have Indian corn, beans and gourds in equal 
 abundance. Also plenty of fish, some kinds of which abound in particular 
 places only. 
 
 " They are much employed in hunting deer, buffalo, wild cats, wolves, 
 wUd boars, beaver and other animals. Meat is very abundant this year, on 
 account of the heavy snow which has aided the hunters. It is rare to see 
 snow in this country more than half a foot deep. But this year it is more 
 than three feet. There is also abundance of wild turkeys, which go in flocks 
 in the fields and woods. 
 
 " Their fruits are the same as with the Hurons, except chestnuts, which 
 are more abundant, and crab apples, which are somewhat larger. 
 
 " The men, like all savages, cover their naked flesh with skins, but are less 
 particular than the Hurons in concealing what should not appear. The 
 squaws are ordinarily clothed, at least from the waist to the knees, but are 
 more free and shameless in their immodesty than the Hurons. As for their 
 remaining customs and manners, they are almost entirely similar to the other 
 savage tribes of the country. 
 
 "There are some things in which they differ from our Hurons. They 
 are larger, stronger, and better formed. They also entertain a great affection 
 for the dead, and have a greater number of fools and jugglers. 
 
 " The Sonontonhemonos [Senecas], one of the Iroquois nations, the near- 
 est to, and most dreaded by the Hurons, are not more than a dajr's journey 
 distant from the eastemiost village of the Neuter nation, named Onguia- 
 ahra [Niagara], of the same name as the river. 
 
 " Our Fathers returned from the mission in safety, not having found in all 
 the eighteen villages which they visited but one, named Klee-o-e-to-a, or St. 
 Michael, which gave them the reception which their embassy deserved. In 
 this village, a certain foreign nation, which lived beyond Lake Erie, or the 
 nation of the Cat, named A-onen-re-ro-nfti, has taken refuge for many years 
 for fear of their enemies ; and they seem to have been brought here by a 
 good Providence to hear the word of God." 
 
 The Andastes dwelt upon the lower Susquehanna.* To the south of Lake 
 Erie, and west of the Neuter nation, dwelt a warlike nation of the Huron- 
 
 * Shea. See Hist. Mag. ii. 294. 
 
24 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 Iroquois family, named the Eries or Nation of the Cat, so called from the 
 great number of wild cats infesting their country.* They are referred to in 
 the foregoing letter of Father L'AUemant. The Eries were valiant warriors, 
 and for a long time were a terror to the Iroquois ; they had no fire-arms, but 
 fought with poisoned arrows, which they discharged, it is said, with surpris- 
 ing rapidity.! 
 
 The most intelligent and advanced of this great Wyandot family of nations, 
 and likewise the most terrible and ferocious, were the Five Nations, or Iro- 
 quois proper. About 1539, they became bound together by an extraordi- 
 nary league, and resided in the middle and eastern part of the state of New 
 York, where, dwelling in numerous villages, they remained during the long 
 and terrible wars that they subsequently waged against both savages and 
 Europeans. The tribes composing this nation extended through the state 
 of New York, from east to west, in the following order, viz. : Mohawk, 
 Oneida, Onondaga, Cayugi, and Seneca. The fiercest and most numerous 
 of these tribes was the Seneca ; it occupied as far west as the Genesee river. 
 
 The first knowledge had by Europeans of the regions about Lake Erie, 
 and of the people who inhabited them, was obtained by the French in Can- 
 ada. French enterprise outstripped the English, in effecting a permanent 
 settlement of this continent north of the state of Virginia. James Cartier, 
 a French navigator, as early as the year 1534, sailed up the river St. Law- 
 rence, as far as Montreal, then the site of the ancient Indian village of 
 Hochelaga. Here he learned from the Indians, for the first time, of the exist- 
 ence of the great lakes and the Mississippi river. He erected a cross and a 
 shield, and named the country New France, and returned. Afterwards the 
 French made repeated attempts to settle Canada. In the year 1 608, Quebec 
 was founded by Champlain. In 161 5, Champlain, who was fond of adven- 
 turous exploits, with a party of his countrymen, ascended the upper waters 
 of the Ottawa river in Canada, crossed over, and discovered Lake Huron. 
 Here he was joined by large bands of Hurons who dwelt there, and with 
 these allies he traversed the wilderness of Upper Canada, crossed Lake 
 Ontario, entered the territory of the Iroquois, who were the mortal foes of 
 the Hurons, and fought a battle with the Senecas, which is supposed to have 
 occurred in Onondaga county in this state. 
 
 The Jesuits. 
 
 In 161 5, five years before the May Flower left Plymouth, in England, 
 there came over with Champlain from France, to bear the cross through 
 pathless wilds, and among the savage tribes of America, missionaries of the 
 order of St. Francis; and previous to the year 1625, three of their number, 
 Le Caron, Viel, and Sagard, had reached the Neutral nation. These 
 perhaps were the first Europeans who visited Western New York ; and the 
 winter of 1626 was passed by De La Roche Dallion, a Franciscan, among 
 this people. In 1625, the Franciscans were followed by the Jesuits, who 
 
 •LeMercier Relation, 1654, 10. + Jesuits in North America, xlvi. 
 
WARS OF THE HURON-IROQUOIS NATIONS. 25 
 
 soon commenced instructing the tribes of the North and West, and who, for 
 one hundred and fifty years thereafter, labored among them with unbounded 
 zeal and self devotion. The most of the knowledge that we have concerning 
 these remote regions, and the events transpiring here in that early day, was 
 obtained from the very full and careful reports that these ancient mission- 
 aries annually transmitted to their superiors in France, which have been pre- 
 served in Paris, and which are Called the Relations of the Jesuits. Two of 
 these missionaries, Jean De Brebeuf and Joseph Marie Chaumonot, as 
 appears by the letter of Father L'AUemant, in November, 1640, visited the 
 Neutral nation, to preach to them the gospel, but it is not certain that they 
 crossed the Niagara river. At this time, no Englishman of whom we have 
 any account, had reached the basin of the St. Lawrence. Before this time, 
 besides these priests, many Frenchmen had visited the Neutral nation, to 
 purchase of them furs and other commodities. These constituted the near- 
 est approaches that at that time any Europeans had made to Chautauqua 
 county that we have any account of. Bancroft says: "Previous to 1640, 
 by continued warfare with the Mohawks, the French had been excluded 
 from the navigation of Lake Ontario, and had never launched a canoe upoif* 
 Lake Erie ; their avenue to the West was by the way of the Ottawa and 
 French rivers, so. that the whole coast of Ohio and South Michigan remained 
 unknown, except as seen by missionaries from their stations in Canada.'' 
 
 Wars of the Huron-Iroquois Nations. 
 
 When, in 1634, the first mission was established by the Jesuits among the 
 Hurons, they found them and their kinsmen, the Iroquois, implacable foes, 
 and engaged in a fierce war that had then been waged between them for 
 many years. This war continued during the residence of the Jesuits among 
 the Hurons, with success oftenest, but not always, in favor of the Iroquois, 
 until the year 1 648, when a war party of the Iroquois surprised and burned 
 two fortified Huron towns, taking prisoners or massacring all their inhabi- 
 tants. The next year, one thousand Iroquois warriors entered the heart of 
 the Huron country undiscovered, and inflicted a terrible blow upon their 
 enemies. They burned two more fortified towns of the Hurons, massacred 
 their inhabitants, and the French missionaries residing there. They were, 
 however, finally driven back by the fierce valor of the Hurons, but not until 
 they had inflicted a fatal blow upon them. The Hurons, fearing other 
 attacks, now abandoned their villages, scattered themselves in many direc- 
 tions, and thereafter ceased to exist as a nation.* 
 
 Although the Neutral nation waged a fierce war against the Nation of 
 Fire, who dwelt in Michigan in thirty villages, it maintained a strict neutrality 
 between the Hurons and Iroquois during these wars.t This did not save 
 
 •Jesuits in North America, 361 to 402. 
 
 + "Last summer two thousand warriors of the Neutral nation attacked a town of the 
 Nation of Fire well fortified with a palisade, and defended by goo warriors. They took it 
 after a siege of ten days ; killed many on the spot, and made.800 prisoners, men, women, 
 
26 HISTORV OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 it, however, from the fierce Iroquois. In the year 1650, the latter commenced 
 a savage war upon them ; and in the autumn of that year, they assaulted and 
 took one of their chief towns, in which were sixteen hundred men, besides 
 women and children. In the spring of 1651, they captured another of these 
 towns, butchering and leading into captivity great numbers of the Neutrals, 
 and driving the remainder from their villages and corn fields into the forests, 
 where thousands of them perished. The destruction of the Neutrals was so 
 great, in this cruel war, as to wholly wipe them out as a nation ; and now no 
 trace remains of this warlike and powerful tribe who once possessed the 
 territory of this county but their name.* The scene of their final overthrow 
 is believed to have occurred near the city of Buffalo. 
 
 With the destruction of their kinsmen of the Huron and Neutral nations, 
 the Iroquois did not rest. The Eries, whose dominions extended along the 
 south shore of Lake Erie, next fell victims to their savage fury. In 1655, 
 from one thousand two hundred to one thousand eight hundred Iroquois 
 warriors moved into the territory of the Eries, who withdrew at their 
 approach with their women and children. The whole force of the Iroquois 
 embarked in canoes upon Lake Erie ; and it is probable that this fierce 
 horde coasted along the shores of Chautauqua county ; and a more wild and 
 savage scene cannot well be imagined than this ferocious gathering of bar- 
 barians presented, when on this bloody expedition of revenge. They found 
 the Eries gathered in a position, the location of which is not now known. 
 An assault was made with such savage fury by the Iroquois, as to enable 
 them to carry the fort ; and a slaughter so terrible ensued, as to wholly 
 destroy the Eries. t The Iroquois next made war upon the Andastes, who 
 resided upon the Susquehanna, and who were the last of the Huron- Iroquois 
 or Wyandot family that remained unconquered. The Andastes made a brave 
 and stubborn resistance, but were obliged to yield, in 1675, '^o the superior 
 numbers of the Iroquois. J 
 
 The accounts of the destruction of these ancient Indian nations, we have 
 mostly from the written riarratives of the Jesuits residing at that time with 
 the Indians of Canada and New York ; and various traditions are extant 
 respecting these occurrences. From the extirpation of the Neutral nation 
 to its settlement by the pioneers of the Holland Purchase, the territory com- 
 prising Chautauqua county continued to be the home of the Senecas, the 
 fiercest and most numerous of the Iroquois nation. 
 
 La Salle. 
 
 The missionaries who came fi:om France were most excellent and able 
 men. In their zeal to christianize the Indian, they became the pioneers of 
 the North-west. One of their number, AUouez, in 1665, explored the 
 
 and children. After burning 70 of the best warriors, they put out the eyes of the old men, 
 and cut away their lips, and left them to drag out a miserable existence. Behold the 
 scourge that is depopulating all this country." — Rdation des Hurons, 1644, 98. 
 •Jesuits in North America, 436. f Jesuits in North America, 438. J Relation, 1676, 2. 
 
LA SALLE. 27 
 
 country about Lake Superior, and taught the Indians there. He first discov- 
 ered the Pictured Rocks, and learned of the copper mines.* Robert Cave- 
 lier de La Salle, a resolute and talented young Frenchman, who afterwards 
 became the proprietor of Fort Frontenac in Canada, and the wilderness 
 around about it, resolved to explore these regions and the vast prairies of the 
 West, and to reach the Ohio and Mississippi, of which the Indians had informed 
 him. July 6, 1669, he left La Chine in Canada, ascended the St. Lawrence, 
 coasted along the southern shore of Lake Ontario to the Irondequoit Bay, 
 and thence penetrated into the state of New York, to the Indian villages of 
 the Senecas, near the Genesee river, with a view of traveling farther in that 
 direction, until he should reach the head waters of the Allegany and Ohio. 
 After remaining here awhile, he abandoned this design, and with his com- 
 panions from thence traveled west, crossed the Niagara river into Upper 
 Canada, and passed the winter of 1669 and 1670 on Grand river, near to 
 the shore of Lake Erie. In the spring following, he coasted along the 
 northern shore of the lake, west, to the east side of Long Point ; and thence 
 he returned to Montreal by the circuitous route of the Sault de St. Marie and 
 the Ontario river, where he arrived June 18, 1670.! 
 
 In 1673, "Marquette, a missionary, and Joliet, a French citizen of Quebec, 
 with a few companions, explored the Mississippi, between the mouths of 
 the Wisconsin and Arkansas ; but before that year La Salle, it is said, made 
 other wonderful journeys in the West; that he reached the Ohio, and visited 
 the falls at Louisville, and had even descended the Illinois to its confluence 
 with the Mississippi. He possessed a most adventurous and enterprising 
 spirit ; and these journeys aroused in him a desire to make new discoveries 
 and more extended explorations. He first conceived the design of uniting 
 the French possessions in Canada with the valley of the Mississippi, by a line 
 of military posts, to secure its commerce to his country, and at the same time 
 completely encircle the British colonies in North America. Having obtained 
 the sanction of Louis XIV. to his projects, in the fall of the year 1678, 
 he, with a party of Frenchmen, in a large canoe, entered the Niagara river, 
 and established at its mouth, on its eastern bank, a trading post, which he 
 inclosed with palisades. This constituted the first occupation of Western 
 New York by civilized men, and the founding of Fort Niagara — a fortress 
 which, for nearly a century and a half, filled an important place in the history 
 of Canada, the northern portion of the United States, and of the Indian 
 tribes dwelling in that region. 
 
 * 2 Hildreth, 110. 
 
 t O. H. Marshall, Esq., to whom the author is indebted for the facts respecting this 
 expedition of La Salle, on a recent visit to France, examined the valuable collections of 
 unpublished manuscripts relating to early French explorations in America, now in the 
 possession of M. Pierre Margry, of Paris, and was permitted to make copious extracts 
 from a. copy of the journal of this expedition of La Salle. An appropriation of $10,000 
 has been made by Congress for the publication of these recently discovered manuscripts 
 and maps in M. Margry's possession, which, when issued, will contain many volumes of 
 great interest to students of American history. 
 
28 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 In January, 1679, La Salle commenced building a vessel at the mouth of 
 the Cayuga creek, a stream that empties into the Niagara river, at the village of 
 La Salle, in Niagara county, in the state of New York, a few miles above the 
 falls. By August it was finished, and completely equipped with sails, masts, 
 and everything needful, and launched upon the waters of the upper Niagara 
 river, it was a bark of sixty tons burthen, and was armed with seven small 
 cannon, and named the Griffin. It was the first vessel that ever spread its 
 sails to the breezes of Lake Erie. 
 
 On the 7th day of August, 1679, La Salle, Tonti, his Italian lieutenant, 
 and Father Louis Hennepin, and twenty-nine others, in the presence of many 
 Iroquois warriors, fired all their cannon and arquebuses, and set sail for the 
 foot of Lake Erie, steering west-south-west ; on that day they made many 
 leagues, passing Chautauqua county. Hennepin, in his narrative, states that 
 he saw, on this voyage, the two distant shores of the lake, fifteen or sixteen 
 leagues apart. They were the first Europeans of whom we have any 
 account, that beheld the rugged and forest covered hills of Chautauqua. 
 La Salle continued his voyage until the Griffin cast anchor in Green Bay, 
 on the north-western coast of Lake Michigan. She was loaded with a cargo 
 of furs, and sent upon her return voyage, but was never heard of more. 
 After the departure of the Griffin, La Salle for awhile awaited her return 
 with a portion of his party, at the mouth of the St. Joseph's river. Cruelly 
 disappointed, but undismayed, he pushed on into the state of Illinois, where 
 he built a fort which he called Creve Coeur, in token of his grief. He sent 
 Hennepin, with two companions, to the Mississippi, which they ascended to 
 the Falls of St. Anthony. In March, 1680, La Salle, with three campanions, 
 set out fi'om his fort in Illinois for Fort Frontenac, at the foot of LakeOnta- 
 rio. Depending upon his gun alone for his supplies, he chose for his route 
 the ridge of high lands which divide the basin of the Ohio firom that of the 
 Lakes. 
 
 This long journey of nearly one thousand miles through the wildemesf, 
 he and his companions accomplished on foot. La Salle returned to his fort 
 in Illinois from Fort Frontenac, with recruits and supphes.. He then 
 descended the Mississippi to the Gulf of Mexico, and again journeyed back 
 to Canada, and crossed the sea to France, where his government furnished 
 him with four vessels, with which he again crossed the ooean, and landed at 
 the Bay of Matagorda, in the state of Texas. With a, few companions he 
 traversed Texas, and penetrated as far as New Mexico, where he spent much 
 of the year 1686, with twenty others. While on his way frorn New 
 Mexico to Canada, he was assassinated by a treacherous companion. Thus 
 perished this bold pioneer, who will long be remembered as one of the most 
 remarkable explorers that ever visited the American continent. To follow 
 La Salle in his wanderings at this day, with all the modern facilities of 
 travel, would be regarded as no small achievement.* 
 
 * History of the Holland Purchase, 116. 
 
BARON LA HONTAN. 29 
 
 Baron La Hontan. 
 
 In 1687, Denonville, governor of Canada, with a large party of French 
 and Indians, landed upon the shore of Lake Ontario, and penetrated into 
 the territory of the Senecas. He fought a battle with them near the site of 
 the village of Victor, in the county of Ontario. He afterwards, in the same 
 year, arrived at Niagara, which, from a trading post, he changed to a sanitary 
 station, by erecting there a fort of four bastions. But the French were 
 compelled, the following year, to abandon Niagara, by the hostile Iroquois, 
 who were then waging a terrible and successful war against them.* Among 
 the French officers who accompanied Denonville on this expedition, was 
 Baron La Hontan. This officer, with some Frenchmen, and the returning 
 western Indian allies of Denonville, departed from Fort Niagara, coasted 
 along the northern shore of Lake Erie, and arrived at the French post of St. 
 Joseph. He afterwards joined a party of the western Indians, and invaded 
 the territory of the Iroquois, south of Lake Erie ; but did not come within 
 the limits of Chautauqua county. He, however, in his travels obtained 
 sufficient information to give a very interesting description of Lake Erie and 
 the country around it, which he saw in 1688. In the course of this account 
 of the lake, he says : 
 
 " Lake Erie is justly dignified with the illustrious name of Conti ; for 
 assuredly it is the finest upon earth. You may judge of the goodness of the 
 climate from the latitude of the countries which surround it. Its circum- 
 ference extends 230 leagues, but it affords everywhere a charming prospect ; 
 and its shores are decked with oak trees, elms, chestnuts, walnut, apple, 
 plum trees, and vines which bear their fine clusters up to the very tops of 
 the trees, upon a sort of ground that lies as smooth as one's hand. Such 
 ornaments as these are sufficient to give rise to the most agreeable idea of a 
 landscape in the world. I can not express what quantities of deer and 
 turkeys are to be found in these woods, and in the vast meadows that lie 
 upon the south side of the lake. At the foot of the lake we find wild beeves 
 [buffaloes], on the banks of two pleasant streams that disembogue into it, 
 without cataracts or rapid currents. It abounds with sturgeon and whitefish, 
 but trouts are very scarce in it, as well as the other fish that we take in the 
 Lakes Hurons [Huron] and Illinese [Michigan]. It is clear of shelves, 
 rocks, and banks of sand, and has fourteen or fifteen fathoms water. The 
 savages assure us that it is never disturbed by high winds except in the 
 months of December, January, and February, and even then but seldom, 
 which I am very apt to believe, for we had very few storms when I wintered 
 in my fort, in 1688, though the fort lay open to the Lake of Hurons." 
 
 There is no doubt, as appears from this extract, that the American bison, 
 or buffalo, once inhabited these regions. They once ranged in some parts 
 of the United States, nearly to the Atlantic seaboard. Charlevoix, the 
 French traveler, says, that in 1720, "there were on the south side of Lake 
 Erie, a prodigious quantity of buffaloes. "t But we at this day must seek 
 
 ' I Doc. History of New York. 
 
 1 1 Irving's Life of Washington, 335. The River Aux Boeuf, a tributary of French 
 creek, was so named from the great number of buffaloes there found. — Pa. Hist. Collections. 
 
30 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 the buffalo two thousand miles away in the Far West ! They and their red 
 brother, the Indian, are fast disappearing. Surely and rapidly are these 
 lords of the forest and the plain yielding up their once wide domain to the 
 advance of the encroaching white man, and making their home each year 
 nearer, and still nearer, to the setting sun. 
 
 Indian Occupation. 
 
 At first, the Allegany and Ohio were regarded by the French and Indians 
 as one stream ; Belle Riviere being the name given to it in French ; Alle- 
 gany in the Delaware tongue ; and Oheeo in the Seneca ; all meaning, when 
 translated, " fair or beautiful water." The territory lying west of the Alle- 
 gany mountains, traversed by this river from the southern boundary of New 
 York to the eastern limits of Ohio, after the destruction of the Neutrals and 
 the Andastes, fell into the possession of the conquerors, the Iroquois ; and 
 the Seneca tribe of that nation thereafter planted many colonies there. As 
 early as 1724, the Monsey or Wolf tribe of the Delawares, who had previ- 
 ously dwelt in the north-eastern part of Pennsylvania, but had been crowded 
 out by the encroachments of the whites, were allowed by the Iroquois to 
 settle along the Allegany. Between the years 1724 and 1728, by their per- 
 mission, the Shawnees, a restless and warlike people, also located along the 
 lower Allegany and upper Ohio. 
 
 When the first white man reached those wild regions, numerous Indian 
 villages were found along the Allegany river and its tributaries. At Kittan- 
 ning was an old Indian town called Cattanyan, which, in September, 1756, at 
 day break, was surprised by Col. John Armstrong, and burned. The Dela- 
 ware Indians who occupied it, made a desperate resistance, and thirty or 
 forty of their number were slain, including their resolute chief, Capt. Jacobs. 
 Hugh Mercer, who became afterwards a distinguished American general, 
 and who fell at the battle of Princeton, accompanied Col. Armstrong on this 
 expedition. 
 
 At the mouth of the Mahoning was another Indian village. Where 
 Franklin is situated, at the mouth of French creek, was the Indian town of 
 Venango. It was here that the French built a fort which they called 
 Machault; and where afterwards Washington, when on his journey to La 
 Boeuf, had the interview with the celebrated Frenchman, Capt. Joncaire. 
 Near the mouth of the Tionesta were three Monsey villages, called Gosh- 
 gosh-unk [Cuscusing], where, in 1767, Rev. David Zeisberger, a Moravian 
 missionary, commenced preaching the gospel to the Indians. He and his 
 coadjutor, Br. Gotlob Senseman, daily preached to their wild hearers, who 
 came in great numbers to listen, with faces painted black and vermillion, and 
 heads decorated with fox tails and feathers. Zeisberger afterwards retired 
 fifteen miles further up the river, to a place called Lawanakana, near where 
 Hickory town in Venango county now stands. Here he gathered around 
 him a little settlement, and built a chapel, and placed in it a bell, the first ever 
 heard in Venango county, and for two years prosecuted his pious efforts. 
 
INDIAN OCCUPATION. 3 I 
 
 Near Irvinton, in Warren county, at the mouth of the Broken Straw,* 
 was the Indian village of Buckaloons. About five miles above Kinjua,t 
 extending several miles along the Allegany river, was a large Seneca town, 
 called Yah-roon-wa-go. Near where once was the centre of this town, 
 Cornplanter made his residence. 
 
 Mrs. Mary Jemison, before her faculties were impaired, imparted much 
 information to the white men respecting the Indians and some of their settle- 
 ments in Western New York, She was known by the early settlers as the 
 "White Woman." She was captured by the Indians in her youth during the 
 French and Indian wars, and lived with them the remainder of her days. 
 She died in Buffalo, September 19th, 1833, at a very advanced age, much 
 esteemed for her goodness and intelligence, by both whites and Indians. 
 She was so kindly treated by the Indians after her captivity, that she adopted 
 their customs, and married an Indian husband. In 1759, with her little son 
 on her back and with her three adopted Indian brothers, she journeyed 
 through the wilderness from Ohio to Little Beardstown, on the Genesee. 
 In her account of their journey, she says : 
 
 " When we arrived at the mouth of French creek, we hunted two days, 
 and thence came on to Connewango creek, where we staid eight or ten days, 
 in consequence of our horses having left us and strayed into the woods. 
 The horses, however, were found, and we again prepared to resume our 
 journey. During our stay at that place, the rain fell fast, and had raised the 
 creek to such a height, that it was seemingly impossible for us to cross it. 
 A number of times we ventured in, but were compelled to return, barely 
 escaping with our lives. At length we succeeded in swimming our horses, 
 and reached the opposite shore, though I and my little boy but just 
 escaped from being drowned. From Sandusky the path we traveled was 
 crooked and obscure, but /was tolerably well understood by my oldest 
 brother, who had traveled it a number of times when going and returning 
 from the Cherokee wars. The fall by this time was considerably advanced, 
 and the rains, attended with cold winds, continued daily to increase the 
 difficulties of traveling. From Connewango we came to a place called by 
 the Indians Che-na-shun-ga-tan, on the Allegany river, at the mouth of 
 what is now called Cold Spring creek in the town of Napoli [now Cold 
 Spring], Cattaraugus county, and from that to Twa-wan-ne-gwan, or 
 Tu-ne-un-gwan, [which means an eddy not strong], where the early frosts 
 had destroyed the com, so that the Indians were in danger of starving for 
 want of bread. Having rested ourselves two days at that place, we came to 
 Caneadea." 
 
 The Indian village of Tu-ne-un-gwan mentioned by Mrs. Jemison, was 
 situated 18 miles further up the river than Che-na-shun-ga-tan in the town 
 of Carrollton, Cattaraugus county. The Senecas also settled, at an early 
 day, near the mouth of the Cattaraugus creek. 
 
 At the close of the last century, there were along the Allegan/ and French 
 
 * Its Indian name was Hosh-e-nuk-wa-gunk, signifying the place where much broken 
 straw and other drift stuff are accumulated together. — Alden's Missions, 156. 
 t Signifying, in the Indian tongue, the place of many fishes. 
 
32 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 creek, scattered through north-western Pennsylvania and south-western New 
 York, other Indian towns ; but none were then known to have certainly 
 existed in Chautauqua county. The evidences remained, however, at the 
 first settlement of the county, of its having not long previously been occu- 
 -pied at various points by Indians. In 1795, when Col. James McMahan 
 passed through this county, upon the Judge Prendergast tract on Conne- 
 wango creek, in the town of Kiantone, there was an Indian camping 
 ground. There were also to be seen, at the first settlement of the county, 
 near the mouth of the Kiantone, the forms of com hills, upon lands that 
 appeared to have once been cleared, and had since grown up to small shrub- 
 bery of thorns and red plum.* 
 
 In November, 1805, when William Bemus first came to the town of Ellery, 
 at Bemus Point, unmistakable evidences remained, that an Indian settle- 
 ment had formerly existed there. Where the cemetery is situated, were the 
 decayed remains and traces of some Indian dwellings, and the evidences 
 that a large tract of land in the vicinity had formerly been improved. On 
 Bemus creek were two clearings, each about ten acres in extent, a quarter 
 of a mile apart. Where these improvements were, wild plum trees grew ; 
 and there were the remains of brush inclosures, which Wm. Bemus had 
 repaired, enabling him to secure a crop of grass the first years of his settle- 
 ment there. Corn hills also were visible, and even potatoes of the lady 
 finger variety, th^at had been perpetuated from year to year were there still 
 growing ; some of which were gathered and planted by Wm. Bemus. Be- 
 low Bemus', at Griffith's Point, were similar signs of Indian occupation. f 
 
 After the close of the Revolutionary war, that numerous portion or clan 
 of the Seneca nation residing along the Allegany and its tributaries, were 
 under the control of the very able and just war chief Complanter, sometimes 
 called John O'Beel. The domain of this branch of the Senecas' property 
 included Chautauqua county; and the rude improvements found here were 
 the results, probably, of the occupation by these Indians, who undoubtedly, 
 at some time during the last century, had at least temporary homes within 
 the county. This clan were often referred to as the Seneca- Abeel; and in 
 a map published by Reading Howell, 1792, the country of the upper waters 
 of the Connewango, and of Chautauqua lake, is designated as " O'Beel's 
 Cayentona." This map is among the Pennsylvania Historical Collections. 
 In James Ross Snowden's Historical Sketch of Complanter, prepared for the 
 occasion of the Complanter monument, is the following : 
 
 "A solitary traveler, after the close of the Revolutionary war, in 1783, 
 wandering near the shores of Chautauqua lake, found himself benighted; and 
 ignorant of the path which should lead him to his place of destination, he 
 feared he would be compelled to pass the night in the forest, and without 
 shelter. Btt when the darkness of the night gathered around him, he saw 
 the light of a distant fire in the woods, to which he bent his steps. Then he 
 
 * Judge E. T. Foote. Warren's History of Chautauqua County, 
 t J. L. Bugbee. See also his sketch of Wm. Bemus, 
 
INDIAN OCCUPATION. 33 
 
 found an Indian wigwam, the habitation of a chief with his family. He was 
 kindly received and hospitably entertained. After a supper of corn and 
 venison, the traveler returned thanks to God, whose kind Providence had 
 directed his way, and preserved him in the wilderness. He slept comfort- 
 ably on the ample bear skins provided by his host. 
 
 " In the morning, the Indian invited the traveler to sit beside him on a 
 large log in front of his cabin. They were seated, side by side. Presently 
 the Indian told the traveler to move on a little, which he did; and, keeping 
 by his side, again requested him to move. This was repeated several times. 
 At length, when near the end of the log, the chief gave an energetic 
 push, and requested his companion to move further. The traveler remon- 
 strated, and said, 'I can go no further; if I do, I shall fall off the log.' 
 ' That is the way' said the Indian in reply, 'you white people treat us. When 
 the United People, the Six Nations, owned the whole land from the lakes to 
 the great waters, they gave to Corlaer a seat on the Hudson, and to Ouas a 
 town and land on the Delaware. We have been driven from our lands on 
 the Mohawk, the Genesee, the Chemung, and the Unadilla. And from our 
 western door, we have been pushed from the Susquehanna; then over the 
 great mountains; then beyond the Ohio, the Allegany, and Connewango; 
 and now we are here on the borders of the great lakes, and a further push 
 will throw me and my people off the log.' * * * The chief, in conclu- 
 sion, with a sad and anxious countenance asked the question, ' Where are 
 we to go?' The only response that was made, was the sighing of the wind 
 through the leaves of tlie forest ; the traveler was silent." 
 
 The traveler above referred to was the Rev. Samuel Kirkland, who, for 
 many years previous to the Revolutionary war, was a missionary among the 
 Six Nations, and whose name and services are, during and after the Revolu- 
 tion, recorded in connection with Indian history. 
 
 The Indian villages of North-western Pennsylvania and Western New 
 York often contained houses sufficiently large to accommodate three or four 
 families. Adjacent to them were frequently extensive cornfields. Between 
 these villages, or leading from them to their favorite hunting grounds and 
 fishing places, were well trodden pathways, several of which passed through 
 the county of Chautauqua. A broad and well worn Indian trail led from 
 the Cattaraugus creek, through the lake towns, to the Pennsylvania line. 
 Another commenced near to the mouth of the Cattaraugus creek, and passed 
 over the -ridge in Arkwright and Charlotte, at the point of its lowest eleva- 
 tion ; and through Charlotte Center and Sinclairville, and southerly in the 
 direction of the Indian towns on the Allegany river. This trail had the 
 appearance of much use ; the roots of the trees along its margin were marred, 
 and calloused ; and at certain points it was worn deeply into the ground.. 
 It was used by the early settlers as a highway or bridle path, in going from the 
 center to the north-eastern part of the county, and also by the Indians sub- 
 sequently to the settlement of the county. Still another Indian path com- 
 menced at the Indian settlement, near the mouth of the Cattaraugus creek, 
 and passed down the Connewango valley, through the eastern parts of the 
 to^vns of Hanover, Villenova, Cherry Creek, and Ellington. This path was 
 3 
 
34 HISTORY OF. CHAUTUAQUA COUNTY. 
 
 used by white men in the settlement of these towns, and by the Indians 
 subsequently to the settlement of the county. 
 
 AH the region lying west of Blue Ridge, and east of the Wabash, which 
 included within its limits Chautauqua county, remained unexplored and 
 almost unknown to Europeans, until nearly as late as the year 1750 ; for the 
 outermost Hmits of the back settlements of the English colonies of Virginia 
 and Pennsylvania only extended as far west as the Blue Ridge. Either the 
 French had been excluded from here by the fierce and warlike Senecas, who 
 were their implacable foes, or their enterprise had not yet led them in this 
 direction ; and prior to this time, the points occupied by civilized men in the 
 West were mostly mere trading posts, and the forests were only traversed 
 by traders and missionaries. Chautauqua county, and the adjacent regions, 
 not being in the route of their travel, were barely known, and were untrav- 
 ersed except by bands of Indians in their hostile excursions. The French 
 officer La Hontan says : 
 
 " The banks of this lake [Erie] are commonly frequented by none but 
 warriors, whether the Iroquois, the Illinese, the Oumiamies, etc. ; and it is 
 very dangerous to stop there. By this means it comes to pass, that the stags, 
 roebucks, and turkeys run in great bodies up and down the shore, all around 
 the lake. In former times the Errionons and the Andastogueronons lived 
 upon the confines of the lake ; but they were extirpated by the Iroquois, as 
 well as the other nations marked on the map."* 
 
 Events leading to the French and Indian Wars. 
 
 The boundary line between the French and English possessions in 
 America had long been a cause for earnest contention. The French 
 claimed dominion to all the country lying west of the Allegany mountains. 
 The English also claimed the territory westward of their colonies to the 
 Pacific Ocean. The territory of Chautauqua county was included in these 
 disputed regions ; and as a consequence of this controversy, it was soon 
 brought nearer to the scene of prominent military operations, and in close 
 proximity to important lines of communication, or rough military highways 
 leading firom distant military posts in this then interminable western wilder- 
 ness. Communications between the French posts on the Mississippi river, 
 and the French forts and settlements in Canada, were at first maintained by 
 the long and circuitous route of the Mississippi, Green Bay, and the Ottawa^ 
 and afterwards by Lake Michigan and the lUinois ; and at a still later period 
 by the way of the Maumee and the Wabash. The direct and easy commu- 
 nication that could be had between Canada and the Mississippi, by the way 
 of Lake Erie and the short portage of Chautauqua lake, or over that from 
 Presque Isle [Erie] to French creek, and the upper waters of the Ohio, seems 
 for a long time to have been unknown to the French ; but events of an 
 important character as affecting this part of the world, and also the history 
 of that of the two most powerful nations of Europe, were destined soon to 
 
 * La Hontan's Voyages. 
 
ORIGIN OF THE NAME CHAUTAUQUA. 35 
 
 introduce this region to the notice both of the French and the English. 
 The latter, in 1722, established a trading post at Oswego, and, a little later, 
 built there a fort. The French, to enable them to command communication 
 •with the West, thereupon, in 1725, reoccupied and reconstructed Fort Niag- 
 ara, which had been deserted for over thirty-five years, and made it a strong 
 fortress, and which thereafter became the scene of exciting military events. 
 
 In 1749, the two rival countries proceeded stiU more directly to assert 
 their rights to the territory l)fing west of the Alleganies. The English gov- 
 ernment granted five hundred thousand acres of land on the Ohio to the 
 Ohio CoRipany, which included persons in London, Maryland and Virginia 
 as its members, among whom were Lawrence and Augustine Washington. 
 The objects of this company were the settlement of this territory, and to 
 establish a trade with the Indians. The French, the same year, sent from 
 Detroit Capt. De Celeron, with three hundred men to march east to the 
 Allegany mountains, to take formal possession of this territory, and to warn 
 the .English traders out of the country. He performed the task, and de- 
 posited at important points leaden plates, with the arms of France engraved. 
 Three of these have been found, we are told ; one at Marietta, one at the 
 mouth of the Big Kanawha, and one at the mouth of French creek. The 
 following is a translation of the inscription upon one of these plates, which 
 was obtained by artifice from Joncaire, the French interpreter, by the Sene- 
 cas, and delivered to Sir William Johnson, who forwarded it to Governor 
 Clinton : 
 
 "In the year 1749, during the reign of Louis XV., King of France, we, 
 Celoron, commander of a detachment sent by Monsieur the Marquis De la 
 Galissonire, commander in chief of Ne# France, for the restoration of tran- 
 quillity in some villages of Indians of these districts, have buried this plate 
 at the confluence of the Ohio and Tchadakoin, this 29th day of July, near 
 the river Ohio, otherwise Beautiful River, as a monument of the renewal of 
 possession which we have taken of the said river Ohio, and of all those that 
 therein fall, and all the lands on both sides as far as the sources of the said 
 rivers, as enjoyed or ought to be enjoyed by the preceding Kings of France, 
 and as they therein have maintained themselves by arms, and by treaties, 
 especially by those of Riswick, of Utrecht, and of Aix-la-Chapelle."* 
 
 Origin of the Name Chautauqua. 
 
 The name Ohio, or La Belle Riviere, was applied by the French to that 
 portion of the Allegany, extending up from Pittsburgh as far, at least, as 
 Franklin, as well as to the Ohio proper. It is probable that the Connewango, 
 Chautauqua lake and outlet, and perhaps that part of the Allegany below the 
 mouth of the Connewango to Franklin, were called by the French the Tchad- 
 akoin, as inscribed upon this leaden plate, and that, in process of time, this 
 appellation was retained only by the lake. The word underwent various 
 changes in its orthography also, until it came to be spelled Chautauqua. On 
 a manuscript map of 1 749, made by a Jesuit in the Department de la Marine 
 
 *9 Doc. Colonial Hist, of N. Y., pp. 610-11. 
 
36 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 in Paris, it is spelled "Tjadakoin,'' and the Chautauqua creek that empties 
 into Lake Erie in the town of Westfield, is called the Riviere Aux Pomes, or 
 Apple river. In the translations of the letters of Du Quesne, [pronounced 
 Du Kane\, governor-general of Canada, to the French government in 1753, 
 found in vol. 10 of Documents Relating to the Colonial History of the 
 State of New York, it is spelled " Chataconit." In Stephen Coffin's affidavit, 
 sworn to before Sir William Johnson in 1754, " Chadakoin." In the French 
 of Capt. Pouchot, in his history of the French and English war in North 
 America, written before the American Revolution, and in the map accom- 
 panying it, the name of the lake is spelled ^^Shatacoin." On Pownell's map 
 of 1776, and Lewis Evans' of 1755, it is written " Jadaxque." Gen. Wm. 
 Irvine, who visited Chautauqua prior to 1788, writes it ''■ Jadaqua." On the 
 map made by the Holland Land Company in 1804, it is " Chataughque." 
 After the settlement of the county, until the year 1859, it was spelled 
 " Chautauque," when, by a resolution of the Board of Supervisors, passed 
 October nth of that year, at the suggestion of Hon. E. T. Foote, it was 
 changed to "Chautauqua," that its pronunciation might conform to the pro- 
 nunciation of the word by the Indians, at the time of the first settlement 
 of the county.* 
 
 Various significations have been attributed to the word Chautauqua. 
 Among others, it is said to mean, " the place where one was lost," or the 
 "place of easy death,'' in allusion to a tradition of the Senecas. Com- 
 planter, in his celebrated speech against the title, of the Phelps and Gorham . 
 tract, alluding to this tradition, says : " In this case one chief has said he 
 would ask you to put him out of pain : another who will not think of dying 
 by the hand of his father or his brbther, has said he will retire to ' Chaud- 
 dauk-wa,' eat of the fatal root, and sleep with his fathers in peace."t 
 
 Dr. Peter WUson, an educated Cayuga chief, communicated to O. H. 
 Marshall, Esq., the following Seneca tradition : " A party of Senecas 
 returning from the Ohio in the spring of the year, ascended the outlet of 
 Chautauqua lake, passed into the lake, and while paddling through it, caught 
 a fish of a kind with which they were not familiar, and they threw it into the 
 bottom of their canoe. Reaching the head of the lake, they made a portage 
 across to the Chautauqua creek, then swollen with the spring freshets. 
 Descending the creek into Lake Erie, they found, to their astonishment, the 
 fish still alive. They threw it into the lake, and it disappeared. In process 
 of time the same fish appeared abundantly in the lake, having never been 
 caught in it before. They concluded they all sprang from the Chautauqua 
 lake progenitor, and hence they named that Lake, " G^a-ja-dah'-gwah, com- 
 pounded of two Seneca words Ga-iaJi, " fish," and Ga-dah'-gwah " taken 
 
 * No one now living has been longer or more prominently identified with this county 
 during its early years, and consequently none more familiar with its early settlers and its 
 history, than Judge Foote ; and no one has contributed so much in time and money, or 
 has been more solicitous to preserve the facts connected with its early history than he. 
 
 + See Alden's Missions, p. 169. Also Morgan's League of the Iroquois. 
 
THE PORTAGE ROAD. ^^ 
 
 out." In process of time the word became contracted into Jah-dah-gwah ; 
 the prefix Ga being dropped, as is often the case."* 
 
 Other meanings have been assigned to the word. Chautauqua has been 
 said to signify " foggy place," in allusion to the mist arising from the lake ; 
 also to mean " high up," referring to the elevated situation of the lake ; 
 while it is said that Horatio Jones and Jasper Parrish, early Indian interpre- 
 ters, well versed in the Seneca tongue^ gave its meaning to be "a pack tied 
 in the middle '' or " two moccasins fastened together," from the resemblance 
 of the lake to those objects. 
 
 The following lines and note are from the pen of Col. Wm. H. C. Hosmer, 
 
 of Avon : 
 
 " Famous in the days of yore, But the music of her tread 
 
 Bright Ja-da-qua ! was thy shore, Made the prophet shake his head, 
 
 And the stranger treasures yet For the mark of early doom 
 
 Pebbles that thy waves have wet ; He had seen through beauty bloom. 
 For they catch an added glow 
 
 From a tale of long ago. " When a fragrant wreath was made, 
 
 Ere the settler's flashing steel Round her brow she clasped the braid ; 
 
 Rang the greenwood's funeral peal, When her roving eye, alas ! 
 
 Or the plow-share in the vale Flowering in the summer grass. 
 
 Blotted out the red man's trail. Did the fatal plant behold, 
 
 And she plucked it from the mould ; 
 
 " Deadly was the plant that grew ^^ ''if ^""^'f '°°^/^^ ^'^' 
 
 Near thy sheet of glimmering blue, ^nd her peril leame-1 too late. 
 
 But the mystic leaves were known Flymg fast her thirst to slake 
 
 To our wandering tribe alone. ^^"^ '^y «'»^^> «"=hantmg lake. 
 
 Sweeter far than honeyed fruit << Then was gained the treacherous brink. 
 
 Of the wild plum was its root ; Stooped O-wa-na dawn to drink ; 
 
 But the smallest morsel cursed xhen the waters, calm before. 
 
 Those who tasted, wuh a thirst Waking, burst upon the shore ; 
 
 That impelled them to leap down And the maid was seen no more. 
 
 In thy cooling depth, and drown. Azure glass ! in emeralds framed. 
 
 Since that hour Ja-da-qua named, 
 
 " On thy banks, in other hours. Or 'the place of easy death,' 
 
 Sat O-VVA-NA wreathing flowers. When I pant with failing breath. 
 
 And, with whortleberries sweet, I will eat the root that grows 
 
 Filled were baskets at her feet. On thy banks, and find repose 
 
 Nature to a form of grace With the loveliest of our daughters 
 
 Had allied a faultless face ; In thy blue engulfing waters. " 
 
 "These lines allude to a beautiful Seneca tradition that lends an added charm to Chau- 
 tauqua lake, in the state of New York. A young squaw is said to have eaten of =1 root 
 growing on its banks, which created tormenting thirst. To slake it she stooped down to 
 drink of its clear waters, and disappeared for ever. Hence the name of the lake Ja-da- 
 QUA, or the place of easy death, where one disappears and is seen no more." [See I vol. 
 Hosmer's Poems, 225, 373.] 
 
 • The Portage Road. 
 
 The Marquis Dii Quesne, having been appointed governor-general of 
 Canada, arrived there in 1752. The measures taken by him in behalf of 
 
 * Dr. Wilson (now deceased) is regarded as good authority upon this subject. Of him 
 Mr. Marshall says : " He had a great love for the traditional annals of his people, a very 
 critical knowledge of the Seneca language, now reduced to a written system. Besides, he 
 enjoyed the advantage of an English education, having graduated with honor at the Gene- 
 see Medical College, and practiced medicine with success among the Indians. 
 
 " The word ' Shatacoin,' if properly pronounced in French would give the identical word 
 given by Dr. Wilson in the tradition." 
 
38 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 the French to obtain possession of the disputed territory, were of a more 
 open and decisive character than those of any officer who had preceded him. 
 Soon after his arrival, he commenced preparations to construct the long line 
 of frontier forts, which had been first suggested by La Salle, and which the 
 French, for so many years, had in contemplation, that were to unite Canada 
 with Louisiana, by the way of the Ohio. The first step taken towards this 
 bold project, may be regarded as leading directly to one of the most 
 memorable wars of modern times, known in this country as the French and 
 Indian war ; which resulted in divesting the French of Canada, and of the 
 greater part of their possessions in America. This war also extended, with 
 great results, over continental Europe, and even to Asia and Africa. 
 
 The first act of Du Quesne was to open a portage road from Erie to 
 La Boeuf, on French creek ; and also the same season to open another road 
 from the mouth of the Chautauqua creek, near Barcelona, to the head of 
 Chautauqua lake, at Mayville ; and thus open communication between Lake 
 Erie and the head-waters of the Ohio. Du Quesne, in the fall of 1752, 
 rendered an account of the arrangements that he had made, in a letter to the 
 French Minister of the Marine and Colonies, in Paris, in which he stated 
 that he would begin his posts at a point near Barcelona in this county, and 
 at the mouth of the Chautauqua creek, which he called Chat-a-co-nit. It is 
 evident from this correspondence, that Du Quesne fully believed, from the 
 information that he had, that the carrying place between this point and the 
 head of Chautauqua lake, was the shortest and most practicable that could 
 be found between the waters of the lakes and the Ohio, and that the carrying 
 place between Erie and La Boeuf was discovered afterwards. The import- 
 ance that Du Quesne attached to the selection of the best carrying place 
 between these waters, is evident from the language used by him in his 
 communications to the French government. 
 
 Du Quesne, during the winter, completed his preparations, which were 
 hastened by false reports received from Joncaire, that the English had 
 actually settled upon French creek, and at the junction of the Connewango 
 with the Allegany, where Warren is now situated ; which the French and 
 Indians then called Chinengue. He in the early spring dispatched, firom 
 Montreal, an advance force of two hundred and fifty men, under Monsieur 
 Barbeer, for Chautauqfta, with orders to fell and prepare timber for the build- 
 ing of a fort there.* Barbeer and his command pursued their winter march 
 over land and ice to Fort Niagara, pausing on their way to refresh thftn- 
 selves at Cadaraqua fort and at Toronto. They remained at Fort Niagara 
 
 * The following account of the operations of the French during the spring and summer 
 of 1 753, we have mainly from an affidavit made before Sir William Johnson by Stephen 
 Coifen, who was taken prisoner by the French and Indians in 1 747, and detained in Lower 
 Canada until January, 1752, when he was allowed to join the command of Barbeer in this 
 expedition to the Ohio river. On the return of the French forces in the fall of that year, 
 the troops became fatigued from rowing all night upon Lake Ontario, and were ordered to 
 put ashore within a mile of the mouth of the Oswego river for breakfast, when Coffen and 
 a Frenchman escaped to the English fort of Oswego. 
 
THE PORTAGE ROAD. 39 
 
 until the warmth of the early spring had sufficiently removed the ice from 
 Lake Erie, and then pursued their way by water along the shore of the lake, 
 arriving at the mouth of the Chautauqua creek in the month of April, 1753. 
 
 What progress Barbeer made in complying with the instructions given him 
 by Du Quesne, to fell and prepare timber for a fort there, we are not in- 
 formed. Sieur Marin, to whom was assigned the chief command of all the 
 forces of France, operating in the country of the Ohio, having arrived with a 
 larger force, consisting of five hundred soldiers and twenty Indians, put a 
 stop to the building of the fort, as he did not like the situation, believing 
 the river of Chadekoins, as the outlet of Chautauqua lake was called, too 
 shallow to carry craft with provisions to the Ohio river. An altercation 
 ensued; Barbeer insisting either upon building the fort according to his in- 
 structions, or that Marin should give him a writing that would justify him in 
 the eyes of the governor. Marin finally complied with Barbeer's demand, 
 and gave him such a writing, and then dispatched Chevalier Le Mercier, a 
 captain of artillery, and an able officer, to whom was assigned the duties of 
 engineer for the expedition, to explore the shore for a better point of depart- 
 ure from the lake. After an absence of three days, Le Mercier returned to 
 Chautauqua, and reported that about fifteen leagues to the south-west he 
 had discovered a harbor where boats could enter with perfect safety, and 
 that it was a most favorable point for their purpose. 
 
 The French immediately repaired thither, and upon their arrival found 
 twenty Indians fishing in the lake, who fled on their approach. Here the 
 French built a fort one hundred and twenty feet square, and fifteen feet 
 high, of chestnut logs. It had a gate on the north and south sides, but 
 no port holes. The French called it Fort Presque Isle. It stood where 
 now is situated the city of Erie, Pennsylvania. Upon the completion of this 
 fort, Marin left there Captain Derpontcy, with one hundred men to garrison 
 it, and immediately cut a wagon road to the southward, through a fine level 
 country, twenty-one miles to a point on the river La Boeuf, the present site 
 of Waterford, Erie county. Pa. Faint traces of this wagon road are still visible 
 not far from the city of Erie. They built at Waterford, of wood, a tri- 
 angular stockaded fort, within which two log houses were erected. While 
 building this fort, Marin sent Monsieur Bite with fifty men to the Allegany 
 river, where French creek empties into it, and Marin built ninety boats or 
 batteaux, to carry down the baggage and provisions. Bite returned and 
 reported the situation good, but the river too low at that time for boats ; and 
 also that the Indians had forbid the building of the fort. When the fort 
 Aux Boeufs was completed, Marin ordered all his forces to return to Canada, 
 to remain there through the winter, excepting three hundred men, which 
 were retained to garrison the two forts he had built, and to prepare materials 
 for the building of other forts in the next spring. He also sent Coeur, an 
 officer and interpreter, to stay during the winter among the Indians on the 
 Ohio, and to persuade them not only to permit the building of forts, but to 
 join the French against the English. 
 
40 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 About eight days before the French took their departure from Presque Isle, 
 ChevaUer Le Crake arrived express from Canada, in a birch canoe, propelled 
 by ten men, with orders from Du Quesne to make all preparations to build, 
 the succeeding spring, two forts in Chautauqua ; one at Lake Erie, and one at 
 the end of the carrying place on Chautauqua lake. On the 28th of October, 
 about four hundred and forty French, under Captain Ueneman, set out from 
 Presque Isle for Canada, in twenty-two batteaux ; followed in a few days by 
 seven hundred and sixty men, being all the remainder of the French that 
 were not left to garriion the forts they had built in Pennsylvania. On the 
 30th of October, 1753, they arrived at Chautauqua, probably at or near 
 Barcelona. Here, within this county, this army remained encamped for four 
 days, during which time two hundred of their number, under Monsieur Pdan, 
 cut the wagon road over the carrying place, from Lake Erie to Chautauqua 
 lake.* 
 
 The French pronounced themselves satisfied with this route, and on the 
 3d of November set out for Canada, arriving at Niagara on the 6th. f 
 
 Besides the two hundred and fifty men composing the advance force under 
 Barbeer, and the five hundred that soon afterwards came up under Marin, 
 there came afterwards, during the season, other bodies of troops from Can- 
 ada, \\ith stores ; making the whole number of French engaged in this 
 expedition, 1,500 men. Nine pieces of artillery were brought with them, 
 all of which were left in Fort Le Boeuf, where Marin commanded. These 
 constitute the operations of the French in the year 1753, in this remote 
 wilderness ; and they were deemed of great importance, even in Paris, as 
 sufficiently appears in the correspondence between the French officials 
 respecting them. To furnish an army of 1,500 men with supplies and 
 munitions, and send them from Montreal, itself but a fortress in the depths 
 of the forest, still farther to the west, through an untraversed wilderness, 
 over inland seas, a distance of 500 miles, to these wild and almost unknown 
 regions, was an enterprise then regarded as of no small magnitude, even by 
 a government as powerful as France. 
 
 The difficulties experienced by the French in pushing forward this expe- 
 dition, as well as many other interesting particulars respecting it, are set 
 
 * " Hugues Pean was a native of Canada ; his father had been adjutant, or town major 
 of Quebec ; a situation to which the son succeeded, on the arrival of M. de Jonquire. His 
 wife was young, spiritual, mild, and obliging, and her conversation amusing ; she succeeded 
 in obtaining considerable influence over the intendant M. Bigot, who went regularly to 
 spend his evenings with her. She became at length the channel through which the public 
 patronage Bowed. P&n in a short time saw himself worth fifty thousand crowns. Bigot, 
 the intendant, requiring a large supply of wheat, gave Pean the contract, and even advanced 
 him money from the treasury, with which the wheat was bought. The intendant next 
 issued an ordinance, fixing the price of wheat much higher than Pean purchased it. The 
 latter delivered it to the government, at the price fixed by the ordinance, whereby he real- 
 ized immense profit, obtained a seigniory, and became very wealthy." — Collections of 
 Quebec Literary and historical Society, 1838, page 68. " He was afterwards created a 
 Knight of St. Louis." — Smith's Canada, I., page 221. 
 
 1 10 Colonial Hist, of N. Y. 
 
THE PORTAGE ROAD. 4 1 
 
 forth in a letter bearing date August 20, 1753, from Du Quesne to M. de 
 Rouille, the French Minister of Marine and Colonies, in which he says :* 
 
 " My Lord : 
 
 " I have the honor to inform you that I have been obliged to alter the 
 arrangement I had made, whereof I rendered you an account last fall. 
 
 " You will see, my Lord, by the extract of the journal hereto annexed, 
 the reasons which compelled me to reduce to almost one half, the vanguard 
 that I informed you consisted of 400 men, and those that determined me to 
 prefer landing the troops at the harbor of Presque Isle on Lake Erie, which 
 I very fortunately discovered, instead of Chataconit, where, I informed you, 
 I would begin my posts. 
 
 " This discovery is so much more propitious, as it is a harbor which the 
 largest barks can enter loaded, and be in perfect safety. I am informed that 
 the beach, the soil, and the resources of all sorts, were the same as repre- 
 sented to me. 
 
 " The plan I send you of this place is only a rough sketch until it is 
 corrected. I have given orders that this be proceeded with. 
 
 "The letter I received on the 12th of January last from M. de Joncaire, 
 has obliged me to force to obtain provisions from the farmers, to enable me 
 to oppose the projects of the English, who, he advised me, had sent smiths 
 to Chinenguef and the river Aux Boeuf, where they were even settled ; and 
 that there was a terrible excitement among the Indians, who looked upon it 
 as certain that the English would be firmly settled there in the course of this 
 year, not imagining that my forces were capable of opposing them. This 
 fear, which made me attempt the impossible, has had hitherto the most com- 
 plete success. All the provisions have arrived from without, after a delay of 
 fifteen days, and I had them transported with all imaginable diligence, into 
 a country so full of difficulties, in consequence of the great number of 
 voyageurs which I required to ascend the rapids, the race of which is getting 
 scarce. 
 
 " I was not long in perceiving that this movement made a considerable 
 impression on the Indians ; and what has thrown more consternation among 
 them is, that I had no recourse to them ; for I contented myself with telling 
 our domiciliated tribes, that if there were eight or ten from each village who 
 had the curiosity to witness my operations, I would permit them to follow 
 Sieur Marin, the commander of the detachment, whom they were well 
 acquainted with, and in whom they have confidence. Of 200 whom I pro- 
 posed to send forward, only 70 are sufficient for scouts and hunters. 
 
 " All the natives that came down to sep me from the upper country, and 
 who met the multitude of batteaux and canoes which were conveying the 
 men and effects belonging to the detachment, presented themselves all 
 trembling before me, and told me that they were aware of my power by the 
 swarm of men they had passed, and begged me to have pity on them, their 
 wives, and their children. I took advantage of their terror to speak to them 
 in a firm tone and menacing the first that would falter ; and instead of a 
 month or five weeks that they were accustomed to remain here consuming 
 the King's provisions, I got rid of them on the fourth day. 
 
 " It appears up to this time, that the execution of the plan of my enter- 
 
 * 10 Doc. relating to Colonial Hist, of N. Y. 
 
 t Chinengue, or Shenango, is laid down in Mitchelfs map at the junction of the Conne- 
 wango and Allegany, where Warren is now situated. 
 
42 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 prise makes so strong an impression on the natives, that all the vagabonds 
 who had taken refuge on the Beautiful River, have returned to their village. 
 
 " I keep the five nations much embarrassed because they have not come 
 down to Montreal, and the only step they have taken has been to send the 
 ladies (dames) of their council to Sieur Marin to inquire of him by a belt, 
 whether he was marching with the hatchet uplifted. He told them that he 
 bore it aloft, in order that no person should be ignorant of the fact ; but 
 as for the present, his orders were to use it only in case he encountered op- 
 position to my will ; that my intention was to support and assist them in 
 their necessities, and tO drive away the evil spirits that encompassed them, 
 and that disturbed the earth. 
 
 " I was aware that the English of Philadelphia had invited them to general 
 council, and that they had refused to attend to it. Further, I knew from 
 a man worthy of crecfit, who happened to be among these Indians when the 
 English arrived, that they had rejected the belts which had been offered to 
 oppose the entrance of the King's troops into the river Ohio, since they had 
 sold it to the English. They answered that they would not meddle with my 
 afiairs, and that they would look quietly on, from their mats, persuaded as 
 they were, that my proceedings had no other object than to give a clear sky 
 to a country which served as a refuge for assassins who had reddened the 
 ground with their blood. 
 
 " This nation, which possesses a superior government to all others, allowed 
 itself to be dazzled by continued presents, and did not perceive that the 
 English are hemming it in, so that if it do not shake off their yoke 'twill 
 soon be enslaved. I shall lead them to make this reflection, in order to in- 
 duce them to pull down Choneganen, which is destroying them and will be 
 the ruin of the colony. 
 
 " Should we have had to use reprisals, I would soon have taken that post. 
 I have already forwarded to Fort Frontenac, the artillery and everything 
 necessary to this coup de main. 
 
 " Sieur Marin writes me on the 3d instant, that the fort at Presque.Isle is 
 entirely finished ; that the Portage road, which is six leagues in length, is also 
 ready for carriages ; that the store which was necessary to be built half way 
 across this Portage, is in a condition to receive the supplies, and that the 
 second fort, which is located at the mouth of the river Aux Boeuf, will soon 
 be completed. 
 
 "This commandant informs me, moreover, that he is having some 
 pirogues constructed ; whilst men are actually employed in transporting his 
 stores; and he tells me that all t^e Delawares, Chauonanons [Shawnees] 
 and Senecas, on the Beautiful River, had come to meet him, and that he had 
 so well received them, that they were very zealously assisting with their 
 horses that they have brought along with them in making the portage. 
 
 " There has not been, up to the present time, the least impediment to the 
 considerable movements I have caused to be made ; everything arrived at its 
 destination with greater celerity than I anticipated; and among the prodigi- 
 ous number of batteaux or canoes that have passed the rapids, only one has 
 upset, drowning seven men. 
 
 "As it is impossible in a movement as vast as it was precipitous for this 
 country, that some of the provisions should be spoiled in open craft, despite 
 all the precautions that could be taken, I have sent on as much as was 
 necessary to repair the loss. 
 
THE PORTAGE ROAD. 43 
 
 " Everything announces, ray Lord, the successful execution of my project, 
 unless some unforeseen accident has occurred ; and the only anxiety I feel is, 
 that the River Aux Boeuf portage will delay the entrance of our troops into 
 the Beautiful River, as it is long, and there is considerable to carry, and the 
 horses I have sent thither have arrived there exhausted by fatigue. But I 
 hope this will be obviated by those the Indians have brought thither, and 
 that the mildness of the 'climate will admit of the completion of the posts. 
 The extreme boldness with which I have executed a project of so much 
 importance, has caused me the Uveliest inquietude ; the famine which met 
 me on my arrival at Quebec having reduced me, forwarding only 900 barrels 
 of flour as the whole supply. 
 
 "From the knowledge I have acquired this winter, I would have composed 
 my vanguard of 700 men, had I had an entrepot of provisions at Niagara, 
 because that body of men would have assuredly advanced to the portage, 
 which I was desirous of occupying ; having to fear some opposition on the 
 part of the Indians of the Beautiful River at the instigation of the English, 
 my plan having been discovered, and bruited abroad since M. de la Jonquire's 
 death, in consequence of the explorations that I caused to be made by some 
 bark canoes, notwithstanding the color I wished to give these movements. 
 
 " I leave you to judge, my Lord, the trouble of mind I felt at the reduc- 
 tion of this vangimrd to 250 men, which I was obliged to send like what is 
 called in the army a forlorn hope, when dispatched to explore a work. On 
 the other hand, I should proceed at a snail's pace could I continue my 
 operations only with the assistance derived from the sea, the inconveniences 
 of which I understood. In fine, my Lord, if there be any merit in doing 
 anything contrary to the prudence of a person of my age, who has not the 
 reputation of being devoid of that virtue, the enterprise in question would 
 be entitled to very great credit ; but necessity having constrained me to it, I 
 do not adopt it, and attribute its success to singular good fortune which I 
 would not for all the world attempt again. 
 
 " The discovery I have made of the harbor of Presque Isle, which is 
 regarded as the finest spot in Nature, has determined me to send a royal 
 assistant pilot to search around the Niagara rapids for some place where a 
 bark could remain to take in its load. Nothing would be of greater advan- 
 tage in the saving of transport, and the security of the property of the new 
 posts and of Detroit ; but it is necessary to find a good bottom, so that the 
 anchors may hold ; for it could safely winter at Presque Isle, where it would 
 be as it were in a box. I impatiently await the return of this pilot, and I 
 would be much flattered could I be able to announce to you in my latest 
 dispatches, that I have ordered the construction of this vessel. 
 
 " I must not leave you ignorant, my Lord, how much I am pleased with 
 Sieur Marin, the commander of the detachmentj and Major P^an. The 
 former, who has an experienced capacity, manages the Indians as he pleases ; 
 and he has, at his age, the same zeal and activity as any young officer that may 
 enter the service. The second is endowed with all the talent imaginable 
 for detail and resources, and knows no other occupation than that of accom- 
 plishing the object he is intrusted with. He alone had charge of dispatch- 
 ing all the canoes and batteaux, and acquitted himself of that duty with 
 great order. Chevalier Le Mercier, to whom I assigned the duties of engi- 
 neer, and who is also intrusted with the distribution of the provisions, is an 
 officer possessing the rarest talent. Sieur Marin expresses himself to me in 
 
44 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 the highest terms of all those who are under his orders, and who vie with 
 each other in diligence. 
 
 " I am, with the most profound respect, my Lord, 
 
 " Your most humble and most obedient servant, 
 
 "DU QUESNE." 
 
 This Portage road was cut by the French from Lake Erie to Chautauqua 
 lake more than twenty years before the battle of Lexington, and was the 
 first work performed by civilized hands within the limits of Chautauqua 
 county, of which we are informed. It was known by the early settlers of the 
 county, as the Old Portage or French road, and was one of the first highways 
 of the county over which, in early days, much merchandise, including large 
 amounts of salt from Onondaga county, were annually transported to 
 Pittsburgh, and places on the river below. 
 
 The Portage road commenced on the west bank of Chautauqua creek, a 
 little distance from its mouth, in the town of Westfield. Thence it passed 
 up, on the west side of the creek, crossing the present Erie road at the Old 
 McHeniy tavern, where the historical monument stands, to a point above the 
 woolen factory, about a mile from Westfield. Here the road crossed the 
 creek ; still further on it crossed the present road leadin^from Mayville to 
 Westfield, and continued most of the distance fey the remainder of the way, 
 on the east side of the present road, and terminated at the foot of Main 
 street in Mayville. The original track and remains of the old log bridges 
 were plainly to be seen as late as the year 1817 ; and even traces of this 
 road remain to this day. Judge William Peacock, of Mayville, passed over 
 this Portage road as early as July, 1800. He followed it from the mouth of 
 Chautauqua creek, three miles up its west bank, and thence over the hills to 
 Chautauqua lake. The road then had the appearance of having been used 
 in former times. The underbrush had been cut out ; and where this road 
 crossed the Chautauqua creek, about three miles from its mouth, the banks 
 upon each side had been dug away, to admit a passage across the stream. 
 Towards Mayville, and near the summit of the hills, at a low wet place, a 
 causeway had been constructed of logs. Over this point the present high- 
 way from Mayville to Westfield now passes. At the foot of Main street in 
 Mayville, where the Portage terminated, was a circular piece of mason work 
 of stone laid in sand and mortar, three or four feet high, and three or four 
 feet in diameter. It was constructed, as Judge Peacock conjectured, for the 
 purpose of cooking food. A piece of mason work, precisely like this in 
 every respect, he saw standing at the other end of the Portage, at the mouth 
 of the Chautauqua creek, opposite Barcelona. This mason work was seen 
 as late as 1802 by William Bell, who, for over seventy years, resided in 
 Westfield.* 
 
 The operations of the French in the West, during the spring and summer 
 of 1753, were watched with interest and indignation by the English. Capt. 
 Stodart wrote a letter to Col. William Johnson on the 15th of May, 1753, firom 
 
 * See the Extract from Sir William Johnson's Journal, fast. 
 
• THE FRENCH WAR. 45 
 
 Oswego, informing him that over thirty French canoes, carrying a part of the 
 French army, had passed them the day before for the Ohio ; also that he was 
 informed by a Frenchman, who was on his way to Cajocka [probably Chau- 
 tauqua], that the French under Marin were about" to build forts at places 
 convenient for them; "that one fort was to be built at Ka-sa-no-tia-yo-go " 
 [a carrying place], and another at Diontarogo.* A copy of this letter was 
 forwarded by Col. Johnson to Governor Clinton. 
 
 Washington's Journey to French Creek.* 
 
 When information reached Governor Dinwiddie, of Virginia, of these 
 proceedings by the French, he determined to ascertain their purpose, and to 
 induce them to abandon their claim upon the valley of the Ohio. He ac- 
 cordingly dispatched George Washington, then but twenty-two years of age, 
 who set out from Williamsburgh, in Virginia, on the 30th day of October, 
 1753, and arrived at the place where Pittsburgh now stands, about three 
 weeks afterwards. He then proceeded to Venango, where he arrived on the 
 4th of December, and had an interview with the celebrated Capt. Joncaire, 
 but obtained no satisfaction. From Venango he pushed on up the French 
 creek, to the post the French had established at Le Boeuf, now Waterford, 
 where he arrived the nth of December, 1753. The fort he found situated 
 on the island on the west fork of French creek. It consisted of four houses, 
 forming a square, defended by bastions made of palisades twelve feet high, 
 pierced for cannon and small arms. Within the bastions were a guard-house 
 and other buildings. Outside were stables, a smith forge, and a log house 
 for soldiers. Washington found that the French were preparing at this place 
 many pine boats and bark canoes to be ready in the spring, to descend and 
 destroy the English posts on the Ohio river. Here Washington, over one 
 hundred and twenty years ago, spent five anxious days, within but fourteen 
 miles from the town of French Creek, in Chautauqua county, negotiating 
 with the French commandant, St. Pierre. Having finished his business with 
 the French, Washington set out on the i6th of December to return. His 
 long journey through the wilderness was beset by many difficulties and dan- 
 gers. French creek and the Allegany river were swollen and full of floating 
 ice ; the snows were deep, and the cold intense. He arrived at Williams- 
 burgh, January i6th, 1754; having performed a toilsome and perilous jour- 
 ney of eight hundred miles, in two and one half months. 
 
 The French War. 
 
 Immediately after Washington's return, the Ohio Company sent Captain 
 Trent and a small body of men, to the junction of the Allegany with the 
 Monongahela, where Pittsburgh is now situated. He arrived there in Feb- 
 ruary, 1754, and commenced laying the foundations of a fort, which was 
 completed prior to April 17th, 1754. This was the first occupation of the 
 territory where Pittsburgh now stands. Against this post the French imme- 
 
 *7 Doc. relating to the Col. Hist, of N. Y., 779. 
 
46 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 diately dispatched a formidable expedition, which was in fact the first war- 
 like demonstration made in the French war. Monsieur Contrecoeur, then 
 the commander in chief of the French on the Beautiful River, at the head of 
 i,ooo French and Indians, with 18 pieces of cannon, in 60 batteaux and 
 200 canoes, descended the Allegany, and arrived at Pittsburgh on the 16th 
 of April, 1754, and summoned the English commandant Ward to surrender. 
 He having but forty men to defend his unfinished stockade, was obliged to 
 comply with the demand.* This affair is memorable, from the fact that it 
 was the first blow struck in the great wars that followed in Europe and 
 America. 
 
 The Portage road from Barcelona to Mayville, it has been seen, was cut 
 late in the preceding fall, with a distinct view to its future use. This expe- 
 dition was the first movement made by the French in the spring following ; 
 and it is probable, as but few French remained at Le Boeuf and Presque 
 Isle during the winter, that a large part of this force had to be drawn that 
 season from Canada ; and that a portion of it may have passed over Chau- 
 tauqua lake. This portage may have been used by the French and Indians 
 in other warlike expeditions. Pouchot, the officer who commanded the 
 French at Fort Niagara when it surrendered to Sir William Johnson, wrote a 
 history of the French and Indian war in North America, in which he says : 
 " The river of Chatacoin is the first that communicates from Lake Erie to 
 the Ohio ; and it was by this that they [the FrencK\ went in early times when 
 they made a journey to that part. The navigation is always made in a canoe, 
 on account of the small amount of water in this river. It is only, in fact, 
 when there is a freshet, that they can pass, and then with difficulty, which 
 makes them prefer the navigation of the river Aux Boeuf, of which the 
 entrepot is the fort of Presque Isle."+ 
 
 Sir William Johnson, in 1761, journeyed to Detroit by the command of 
 Gen. Amherst, to establish a treaty with the Ottawa confederacy, to regulate 
 the trade at the several posts in the Indian country. On his return, he 
 coasted along the south shore of Lake Erie. In his journal of this journey 
 is the following reference to this portage, with other interesting particulars : 
 
 "Wednesday, October ist [1761], embarked [at Presque Isle], at 7 o'clock, 
 with the wind strong ahead — continued so all the day, notwithstanding it 
 improved all day, and got to Jadaghque creek and carryifig place, which is a 
 fine harbor and encampment It is very dangerous from Presque Isle here, 
 being a prodigious steep, rocky bank all the way, except two or three creeks 
 and small beaches, where are very beautiful streams of water or springs which 
 tumble down the rocks. We came about forty miles this day. The fire was 
 burning where Captain Cochran [the officer who commanded at Presoue Isle] 
 I suppose encamped last night. Here the French had a baking place, and here 
 they had meetings, and assembled the Indians when first going to Ohio, and 
 
 •Craig's Hist, of Pittsburgh, 23. 6 Col. Doc. Hist, of New York, 840. 2 Doc. Hist, 
 of New York. 
 
 t Pouchot French and English Wars in North America, Vol. II., 160 (Hough's trans- 
 lation). 
 
THE FRENCH WAR. 47 
 
 bought this place of them. Toonadawanusky, the river we stopped yesterday 
 at, is so called. 
 
 " Friday, 2d. A very stormy morning, wind not fair ; however, sent off my 
 two baggage boats, and ordered them to stop about thirty miles off in a river 
 [probably Cattaraugus creek]. The Seneca Indian tells me we may get this 
 day to the end of the lake. I embarked at eight o'clock with all the rest, 
 and got about thirty miles, when a very great storm of wind and rain arose, 
 and obliged us to put into a little creek [probably Eighteen Mile creek], 
 between the high rocky banks. The wind turned north-west, and it rained 
 very hard. We passed the Mohawks in a bay about four miles from here. 
 Some of our boats are put into other places as well as they can. My bedding 
 is on board the birch canoe of mine, with the Indian somewhere ahead. 
 The lake turns very greatly to the north-east, and looks like low land. From 
 Presque Isle here is all high land, except a very few spots where boats may 
 land. In the evening, sent Oneida to the Mohawk encampment, to learn 
 what news here."* 
 
 Although the French may have very early used this route by Chautauqua 
 lake to some extent, when passing from Lake Erie to the Allegany and Ohio, 
 it is clear that the route by Presque Isle and French creek was finally 
 adopted and principally used by them. The French were masters in wood 
 craft, and wonderfully familiar with the geography of this remote wilderness : 
 yet it is not strange that they should be in doubt as to which was the better 
 route, for it would be difficult for us, even at this day, familiar as we are with 
 the premises, to determine which would have been the better communication 
 for them. 
 
 In 1754, and soon after the fall of Pittsburgh, Washington being in com- 
 mand of a force of English colonists, fought with the French, in the forests 
 of Pennsylvania, his two first battles ; in one of which he defeated Mon- 
 sieur Jummonville, and in the other [the battle of Fort Necessity], the French 
 having been reinforced from Canada, he himself was defeated. July 9th, 
 175s, Braddock's large and well disciplined army was defeated by a small 
 force of Indians and a little band of gallant Frenchmen, who had the year 
 before passed along this county. The train of artillery taken from Braddock 
 was transported back, and used in August of the succeeding year, by Mont- 
 calm, in the siege of Oswego. Fort Du Quesne was taken from the French 
 on the 25th of November, 1758, by an army of about 6,000 men under 
 Gen. Forbes ; the French in possession there, upon their approach, having 
 fled, some up the Allegany and some down the Ohio. The English under 
 Prideaux, in July of the succeeding year, invested Fort Niagara. Prideaux 
 having been killed, the siege was continued by the English under Sir William 
 JohnsQjf. The Indians from the West, and from along the Allegany, were 
 collected together by the French. They, with French soldiers from the 
 posts of Venango and Presque Isle, formed a large force. This army was 
 conducted along Lake Erie to its oudet, led by D'Aubry, a French officer, 
 for the purpose of reinforcing Niagara. They were met by the English in 
 
 * Stone's Life and Times of Sir William Johnson. 
 
48 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 the town of Lewiston, in this state, on the 24th of July, 1759, where a 
 bloodj' battle was fought, and the French and Indians defeated, and 500 of 
 their number slain. Niagara immediately after surrendered to the English. 
 Gen. Charles Lee, who became afterwards one of the most distinguished 
 officers of the American Revolution, was present at the siege of Niagara, 
 and after its surrender passed by Chautauqua county, on a military errand 
 do^vn the Allegany, to Fort Du Quesne.* Quebec having been taken by 
 the English ^nder Wolf, the French, in November, 1760, surrendered all 
 their posts in this part of the continent to the crown of England ; and the 
 French, who had for so many years known these western regions, thereafter 
 ceased to be seen in company with their red allies along the borders of 
 this county. 
 
 The first military expedition of the English over Lake Erie, was made 
 immediately after the surrender, by the French, of their possessions in Amer- 
 ica. It was dispatched to take possession of Detroit, Michillimackinack, 
 and other French posts that had been surrendered. Major Rogers, long 
 celebrated for his skill in border war, led the expedition. He embarked in 
 November, 1760, at the foot of Lake Erie, with 200 rangers in fifteen whale 
 boats, and coasted along the southern shore of the lake. On arriving at Erie 
 Rogers set out for Pittsburgh. He descended French creek and the Allegany 
 river in a canoe. Having obtained reinforcements, he proceeded on his way 
 to Detroit, which was surrendered to him immediately on his arrival.t 
 
 PoNTiAc's War. 
 The English having become possessed of the chain of forts extending 
 from Lake Erie to the Monongahela, now occupied them as outposts. They 
 had, howeyer, never purchased the lands upon which they stood of the Indi- 
 ans. Pontiac, an Ottawa chief of great abilities, resolved to rescue them 
 and all the forts in the West, from English possession. He effected a union 
 of the Western tribes for that purpose. The posts were all to be attacked in 
 a single day, their garrisons massacred, and also all the people of the bor- 
 der settlements. So well planned was the attack, that nine English posts in 
 the West were surprised and captured in a single day, in the month of May, 
 1763. Most of the officers and men of these garrisons were tomahawked 
 and scalped. Among the posts taken were Presque Isle, Le Boeuf, and 
 Venango. Various accounts have been given of the capture of Presque Isle ; 
 one, that it was taken through an ingenious stratagem of the Indians ; and 
 another, that it was taken after a vigorous assault and firm defense. Nearly 
 all the accounts agree that the garrison was destroyed. A few onl^of the 
 garrison at Le Boeuf escaped, through an underground passage h^ng its 
 outlet in the swamp adjoining Le Boeuf lake. Only one, it is said, of those 
 who escaped survived to reach a civilized settlement. J The scattered 
 
 * Irving's Washington, 377, 378. 
 
 t See Pontiac, or the Siege of Detroit ; also Rogers' Journal. 
 
 JPenn. Hist. Coll. 
 
PONTIAC'S WAR. 49 
 
 settlers in Western Pennsylvania were either murdered or obliged to flee 
 to the nearest forts. Pontiac, with great energy, led the attack upon Detroit 
 in person, and for more than a year it was besieged, during which time 
 the garrison greatly suffered. 
 
 During the siege of Detroit, the Indians prosecuted the war at other 
 points. There is no doubt that the Seneca Indians cooperated with Pontiac. 
 They, on the 14th of September, 1763, attacked a party of over fifty Eng- 
 lish soldiers at Devil's Hole, near Niagara Falls, and all were killed, except- 
 ing two or three. They also, on the 19th of October of the same year, 
 somewhere near the foot of Lake Erie, attacked 160 English soldiers under 
 Major Wilkins, on their way to relieve Detroit, who were there in their 
 boats. A battle ensued, in which nearly thirty English were killed and 
 wounded. Other calamities befel Major Wilkins. A storm overtook him 
 on Lake Erie ; his boats were wrecked ; his ammunition was lost ; and 
 seventy of his men perished. 
 
 On the loth of August, 1764, Gen. Bradstreet, at the head of 3,000 men, 
 departed from Fort Erie for Detroit. He passed along the southern shore 
 of Lake Erie. At Sandusky and along the Maumee he burned the Indian 
 cornfields and villages ; and when he arrived at Detroit, raised the siege, and 
 compelled the Indians to lay down their arms. Israel Putnam accompanied 
 Bradstreet as colonel of a Connecticut regiment, and passed with him along 
 the shore of this county. On the i8th of October, Gen. Bradstreet, with 
 1,100 men and several cannon, set out for Fort Niagara. No detailed 
 account of his return march has been preserved. A portion of his batteaux 
 are supposed to have been wrecked west of Cleveland. Muskets, swords, 
 wrecks of boats and oth^ relics have been found for several miles along the 
 coast ; a mound also, filled with human skeletons, supposed to have been of 
 his party. As there remained an insufficient number of boats to carry his 
 men, the volunteers are said to have marched by land along the south shore 
 of the lake, passing Chautauqua county, sustaining themselves on their way 
 by hunting. They did not arrive at Fort Niagara until winter, and came 
 very near perishing by hunger on the way.* 
 
 Pontiac's war was the last great attempt made by the Indians to redeem 
 this country from the dominion of the white man ; and at its close, compara- 
 tive peace for many years prevailed ; and no event of importance occurred 
 in these regions until the Revolutionary war. 
 
 In liovember, 1768, a boundary line was established between the whites 
 and Indians, at a treaty held at Fort Stanwix, on the Mohawk river. This 
 line ascen(|ed the Ohio and Allegany rivers to Kittanning ; it then extended 
 in an easterly direction to the Susquehanna ; thence northerly to Lake 
 Ontario. North-'«iesterly of this line were the lands of the Indians, which 
 included Chautauqua county. South-east of this line was the territory of the 
 whites. Chautauqua lake was delineated upon the map executed at the 
 
 * Am. Hist. Record, Vol. III., p. 155. Whittlesey's Hist. Account of Ohio, p. zo. 
 4 
 
50 HISTORV OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 time of this treaty. Its outlet into the Allegany river was spelled " Cana- 
 wagan;" and one of the streams from our county emptying into Lake Erie 
 was spelled "Jadahque."* 
 
 Col. Broadhead's Expedition. 
 
 At the breaking out of the Revolution, the limits of settlement and civili- 
 zation had extended somewhat nearer to Chautauqua county ; but no event 
 of great importance affecting these regions transpired until near the close of 
 the war. Long prior to 1779, the hostile Indians and tories had desolated 
 the frontier settlements of New York and Pennsylvania; to punish them, 
 Washington planned two expeditions. One was to march by the north 
 branch of the Susquehanna, against the Indian villages of the Six Nations in 
 New York ; the other was, at the same time, to proceed up the Allegany, 
 under the command of Col. Daniel Broadhead, a gallant and enterprising 
 officer, who then commanded at Pittsburgh, and to destroy the villages of the 
 Seneca and Munsey Indians, who dwelt along that river and its tributaries, 
 and afterwards to unite with the army of Gen. Sullivan in a combined attack 
 upon Fort Niagara. On account of the difficulty of providing Col. Broad- 
 head with supplies in time, and the want of satisfactory information concern- 
 ing the country along the Allegany, the idea of the two expeditions cooper- 
 rating with each other was abandoned by Gen. Washington-^ Col. Broadhead, 
 however, on the nth of August, 1779, at the head of 605 militia and 
 volunteers, and with one month's provisions, set out from Pittsburgh, and 
 advanced up the Allegany river to the mouth of the Mahoning. Here then- 
 provisions were transferred from the boats to pack-horses ; and the army 
 proceeded on to Brad/s Bend, in Clarion count)j, Pennsylvania. Here an 
 advanced party of Col. Broadhead's force, consisting of fifteen white men 
 and eight Delaware Indians, under the command of Lieut. Harding, fell in 
 with thirty or forty Indian warriors coming down the river in seven canoes. 
 The Indians landed and stripped off their shirts ; a sharp contest ensued ; 
 the Indians were defeated, and five of their number were killed and several 
 wounded; and all their canoes and contents fell into the hands of Col. 
 Broadhead. Lieut. Harding had three men wounded, including one of the 
 Delaware Indians. 
 
 Capt Samuel Brady, who was in this encounter, and whose name has 
 been given to this locaUty, was bom at Shippensburgh, Penn., 1758. He 
 was at the siege of Boston, and a lieutenant at the massacre of Paoli. 
 Having lost both his father and brother by the hands of Indians, he took an 
 oath of vengeance against the race. Having been ordered to FjKt Pitt with 
 the rest of his regiment under General Broadhead, it gave him an oppor- 
 timity to fulfill his vow. He was generally placed in cofimand of scouting 
 parties sent into the Indian country from Fort Pitt ; and being an athletic, 
 active and courageous man, familiar with the woods and Indian warfare, he 
 
 *Doc. Hist. N. Y., pp. 587-91. 
 
 t Letter from Washington to Col. Broadhead, April 21, 1779. 
 
BRITISH AND INDIAN EXPEDITION. SI 
 
 became the hero of many bold exploits in the north-east part of the valley 
 of the Ohio, and a serious trouble to his Indian foes in those parts. An 
 account of his daring adventures and hair-breadth escapes would fill a book. 
 They gave his name permanently to many localities in Western Pennsylvania . 
 and Ohio. Jonathan Zane was also in this engagement, and was wounded. 
 He was a celebrated scout and great hunter, and piloted many expeditions 
 against the Indians.* 
 
 Colonel Broadhead's command continued to march up the river, as far as 
 the Indian village of Buckaloons, on the flats near Irvineton, at the mouth 
 of the Broken Straw, in Warren county. The Indians were driven from their 
 village, and retreated to the hills in the rear. The town was destroyed, and 
 a breastwork of trees thrown up.f A garrison of forty men was left to 
 guard the provisions ; and the remainder of the force proceeded to the 
 Indian town of Conawago, which was found to have been deserted eighteen 
 months before. Conawago was burnt, and the troops marched still further 
 up the river, past Kinjua to Yohroonwago, a place about four miles below 
 the southern boundary of the state of New York. Here they found a painted 
 image, or war post, clothed in dog skin. The troops remained there three 
 days, burning this and other towns in the vicinity and destroying the exten- 
 sive cornfields that they found there. Col. Broadhead believed, from the 
 great quantity of corn found, and from the number of new houses which 
 were built, and being built of square and round logs and of framed timbers, 
 that the whole Seneca and Munsey nations intended to collect there. Yoh- 
 roonwago was situated where, some years afterwards, Complanter made 
 his residence, and where an Indian village grew up, called De-o-no-sa-da-ga, 
 meaning, in English, burned houses. According to Mrs. Jemison, Colonel 
 Broadhead's troops ascended the Allegany as far as Olean Point, and burnt 
 other Indian towns on French creek, including Maghinquechahocking, a 
 village of thirty-five large houses. Col. Broadhead arrived at Fort Pitt, on 
 his return, September 14th, 1779; having burned ten Indian villages, con- 
 taining one hundred and sixty-five houses, having destroyed more than five 
 hundred acres of Indian corn, and taken three thousand dollar^ worth of furs 
 and other plunder, and having himself lost neither man nor beast. J 
 
 British and Indian Expedition over Chautauqua Lake in 1782. 
 
 The expedition of Sullivan and Broadhead, and the destruction of the In- 
 dian towns and cornfields, had the effect to throw the Indians upon the 
 
 * Butterfiaki's Hist, of Crawford's Expedition, 128, 129. 
 
 t Sometime afterwards, Major Morrison, who became a distinguished citizen of Lexing- 
 ton, Ky., returned to the mouth of the Broken Straw to reconnoiter, and narrowly escaped 
 with his life. He had stooped to drink from the creek, when a rifle ball from an Indian's 
 gun splashed the water into his face. — Pa. Hist. Collection, 653. The remains of this 
 stockade were very plainly to be seen a few years ago. They were situate about half a mile 
 above the crossing of the Broken Straw, on the road to Warren, on a high bluff on the Alle- 
 gany river, and commanded an extensive view up and down the river. — Dr. Wm. A. Irvine. 
 
 J Broadhead's Rep. to T. Pickering, Sept. 16, 1799. 
 
52 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 hands of their British employes for support. During the succeeding winter, 
 want and disease followed, and swept many of them away; yet it did not 
 put a stop to their inroads. Exasperated by their misfortunes, maurauding 
 . parties of Indians, led by Brant and Cornplanter* and other chiefs, supported 
 by their allies, the tories, during the remainder of the war, visited the front- 
 ier settlements of New York and Pennsylvania, from the Mohawk to the 
 Wyoming Valley ; burning the houses of the settlers, killing many, and car- 
 rying others into captivity. Fort Niagara had usually been the winter 
 
 * Gy-ant-wa-chia, the Cornplanter, who exercised his rude authority in these regions, 
 was a celebrated Seneca warrior and chieftain, and the rival of the Indian orator Red 
 Jacket. His sagacity, eloquence and courage, for a long time justly gave him great influ- 
 ence with his tribe. He was born about the year 1732, at Conawaugus, on the Genesee 
 river. His father was a white man named John O'Bail, or Abeel ; his mother was a 
 Seneca woman. Ga-ne-odi-yo, or Handsome Lake, the Prophet, and Ta-wan-ne-ars, or 
 Blacksnake, were his half-brothers. When about twenty-three years of age, he first 
 appeared as a warrior with the army of French and Indians whicli defeated Braddock in 
 1755 ; and he probably afterwards participated in the principal Indian engagements during 
 the Revolution, fighting against the colonies. He is said to have been present at Wyoming 
 and Cherry Valley, and was with Brant at the head of his tribe in opposing Sullivan's 
 expedition. He also afterwards led the Senecas in the invasion of the Mohawk Valley, 
 when, it is said, he made his father, John O'Bail, a prisoner, and after marching him 
 several miles with the usual Indian stoicism, without disclosing himself, he abruptly, and 
 in the sententious manner of the Indian, announced his relationship, and gave O'Bail his 
 choice, to live with him and his red followers, where he would support him at ease in his 
 old age, or to return to his home on the Mohawk. He chose the latter, and Cornplanter 
 sent his young men who conducted him Ifeck in safety. Cornplanter was an able man, 
 and also honest and truthful ; he acted a most conspicuous part in the treaties and transac- 
 tions between the Indians and the United States, subsequent to the Revolutionary war, 
 and he saw, at its close, that the true policy of the Indian was to recognize the growing 
 power of the United States, and bury the hatchet. He advised his tribe to this course, 
 in opposition to the counsels of Brant and Red Jacket, and during the Indian wars that 
 followed, he remained the true and steadfast friend of the United States. In the last war 
 with England, when about eighty-four years old, accompanied by 200 warriors of his 
 nation, he called upon Col. Samuel Drake, at Franklin, and offered his services to the 
 United States, which were declined for the want of authority to muster Indians into the 
 service. A considerable number of his tribe, however, led by his son Henry Abeel, who 
 held a commission as major, acted during the war as scouts, and did good service to the 
 United States. Cornplanter, in his life-time, often visited Chautauqua county ; and years 
 before its settlement by the first white man, he thoroughly understood the geography of its 
 lakes and streams. After the Revolution he resided principally at Jen-nes-a-da-ga, his 
 viU^e, on the Allegany river, in Warren county, and, for the remainder of his life, a 
 period of fifty years; became thoroughly identified with this region of country. Corn- 
 planter died at Jennesadaga, aged about 105 years. A monument was erected in 1866, 
 with appropriate ceremonies, under the superintendence of Judge SamueljpE Johnson, of 
 Warren, Pa., and at the expense of the state of Pennsylvania, over his remains ; upon 
 which the following inscriptions were lettered : "John O'Bail, alias Cornplanter, died at 
 Cornplanter town, February 18, 1836, aged about 100 years, chief of the Seneca tribe, and 
 principal chief of the Six Nations, from the period of the Revolutionary war to the time of 
 his death. Distinguished for talents, courage, eloquence, sobriety and love of his tribe and 
 race, to whose welfare he devoted his time, his energies and his means, during a long and 
 eventful life." 
 
BRITISH AND INDIAN EXPEDITION. 53 
 
 quarters of Brant, Guy Johnson and the Butlers and other tories who had 
 taken refuge in Canada. It now became the headquarters of the Indians 
 also, who had been driven from the Genesee and Allegany, and the point at 
 which all of these maurauding parties of Indians and tories were accustomed 
 to assemble, and from which they took their departure upon these hostile 
 incursions ; and to which they returned, laden with spoil and scalps, and 
 with such men, women and children as they had made prisoners, compelling 
 them in some instances to run the gauntlet, and subjecting them to other 
 cruelties. 
 
 In the fall of 1781, Col. Broadhead was superseded in the command at 
 Pittsburgh by Col. William Irvine, who continued to be the commanding 
 officer there until the close of the Revolution. 
 
 Col. Irvine demands more than a passing notice. He was born in Ireland. 
 Having studied medicine and surgery, he received the appointment of surgeon 
 of a British ship of war. During his service in the French and Quebec wars, 
 having acquired a knowledge of this country, he resolved to remove hither. 
 After the close of the war, in 1764, he became a citizen of Carlisle, Pennsyl- 
 vania. At the breaking out of the Revolutionary war, he was appointed 
 colonel of the sixth Pennsylvania regiment, and soqji after was made a pris- 
 oner while serving with the American forces in Canada, and was not exchanged 
 until about two years afterwards. In 1779, he was commissioned a brigadier- 
 general. After having distinguished himself at the battle of Monmouth, he 
 was appointed commander of the Western Department, with his headquarters 
 at Fort Pitt. He continued in this command until the close of the Revolu- 
 tion ; and during the time he strengthened and repaired Fort Pitt, and placed 
 this exposed frontier in a state of defense ; and, by his vigilance and abihty, 
 preserved it, in a great measure, from the ravages of the Indians. His name 
 is inseparably connected with all the important military events occurring 
 in the North-west. After his appointment, he acquired much knowledge of 
 the country drained by the Allegany and its tributaries, and also of the whole 
 North-west. He stood high in the esteem of Gen. Washington, and was 
 greatly respected for his integrity, ability, and his faithful performance of the 
 public trusts confided to him. After the Revolution, he held many positions 
 of importance and honor. It was through his advice and influence that the 
 state of Pennsylvania acquired dominion of the tract of land known as the 
 Triangle, which gave to that state a considerable lake coast, including the 
 harbor of Erie. The legislature of that state, as an acknowledgment of the 
 many valuable services rendered by Gen. Irvine, presented him with a tract 
 of land in v|he county of Warren, at the mouth of the Broken Straw, where 
 Irvineton is now situated, and where his esteemed grandson, Dr. Wm. A. 
 Irvine, now resides. Gen. Irvine died in Philadelphia the 29th of July, 1804. 
 
 There is reason to believe that, while Gen. Irvine was in command at 
 Pittsburgh, an expedition was organized at Fort Niagara for an attack on 
 Fort Pitt; and that, in 1782, a large party of British and Indians proceeded 
 so far as to actually embark in canoes upon Chautauqua lake, where the 
 
54 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 expedition was abandoned on account of the supposed strength of Fort Pitt, 
 and was resolved into small war parties, one of which burned Hannastown. 
 The party which burned this place, and which may have constituted a part 
 of the force assembled around Chautauqua lake, consisted of about 60 white 
 refugees and 300 Indians, led by the celebrated Seneca Chief Guzasuttea, 
 sometimes called Kiasola.* Hannastown was situated in Westmoreland 
 county, in Pennsylvania, and was the first place where courts were held west 
 of the Allegany mountains. During the Revolutionary war it was an impor- 
 tant post in Western Pennsylvania. It was entirely destroyed by this party 
 of whites and Indians in July, 1782. A considerable number of people 
 residing in Hannastown and vicinity were either killed or carried prisoners 
 to Canada. After the close of the war the captives were delivered up, and 
 they returned to their homes.t 
 
 Washington's Correspondence with Gen. Irvine. 
 
 Col. Irvine was subsequently promoted to the rank of general ; and he 
 afterwards, in the course of a correspondence with Gen. Washington, alludes 
 to this expedition, giving many other interesting particulars respecting Chau- 
 tauqua county, which h^d before that time been visited by him. Commu- 
 nication between the waters of Lake Erie and the Ohio river had been a 
 subject of inquiry with certain distinguished gentlemen ; and Gen. Wash- 
 ington, for information upon that subject, addressed a letter to Gen. Irvine, 
 dated January 10, 1788, inquiring of him : — i. As to the face of the country 
 between the sources of canoe navigation of the Cuyahoga, which empties 
 itself into Lake Erie, and the Big Beaver, and between the Cuyahoga and the 
 Muskingum. 2. As to the distance between the waters of the Cuyahoga 
 and each of the two rivers above mentioned. 3. Whether it would be prac- 
 ticable, and not expensive, to cut a canal between the Cuyahoga and either 
 of the above rivers, so as to open a communication between the waters of 
 Lake Erie and the Ohio. 4. Whether there is any more direct, practicable 
 and easy communication than these between the waters of Lake Erie and 
 the Ohio, by which the fur and peltry of the upper country can be trans- 
 ferred. J In answer to this letter, Gen. Irvine replied as follows : 
 
 "New York, Jan. 27, 1788. 
 
 "Sir: I have been honored by your letter of the nth instant I need 
 not tell you how much pleasure it would give me to answer your queries to 
 your satisfaction ; but I am persuaded that no observation short of an actual 
 survey will enable you to gratify your correspondents abroad (particularly in 
 relation to your third query), with such accuracy as to state anything posi- 
 tively. I will, however, relate to you such facts as have comJUwithin my 
 own knowledge, as well as accounts of persons whom I think are to be con- 
 fided in. 
 
 " From a place called Mahoning, on the Big Beaver, to the head of the 
 Falls of Cuyahoga, it is about thirty miles. Although the country is hilly, 
 
 * Craig's Hist, of Pittsburgh. + Penn. Hist. Coll., title Cumberland Co., 633. 
 
 t Sparks' Washington's Writings, Vol. IX., 303. 
 
WASHINGTON'S CORRESPONDENCE WITH IRVINE. 55 
 
 it is not mountainous. The principal elevation is called Beech Ridge, which 
 is not high, though extensive, being several miles over, with a flat and moist 
 country on the summit, and some places inclining to b"e marshy. The diffi- 
 culty of traveling is much increased by the beech roots with which the tim- 
 ber is heavily incumbered. The Cuyahoga above the Great Falls is rapid 
 and rocky, and is interrupted by several lesser falls on the branch which 
 heads towards that part of the Big Beaver called the Mahoning. This infor- 
 mation I had from an intelligent person then loading a sloop at the mouth 
 of the Cuyahoga for Detroit. He added, that an old Indian assured him 
 that it was only fifteen miles across from the Mahoning to a navigable creek 
 a few miles east of the Cuyahoga ; that he had employed the Indian to clear 
 a road, and when that was done he intended to explore the country himself. 
 I presume this service was not performed, as this gentleman, man and his 
 horses, were all destroyed, and his store-house burned, by the Indians. 
 Captain Bady, a partisan officer, informed me that the sources of the Big 
 Beaver, Muskingum, and a large deep creek which empties into Lake Erie, 
 fifteen or twenty miles above Cuyahoga, are within a few miles of each other 
 (perhaps four or five), and the country level. Several other persons of cred- 
 ibility and information have assured me that the portage between Muskingum 
 and the waters falling into the lake, in wet seasons, does not exceed fifteen 
 miles ; some say two, but I believe the first-named distance is the safest to 
 credit. 
 
 " At Mahoning, and for many miles above and below, I found the course 
 of the Big Beaver to be east and west, from which I conclude this stream to 
 be nearest to the main branch of the Cuyahoga ; and on comparing the 
 several accounts, I am led to think that the shortest communication between 
 the waters of Beaver, Muskingum and Lake Erie, will be east and west of 
 Cuyahoga. • 
 
 " I have also been informed by a gentleman, that the sources of Grand 
 river, and a branch of the Beaver called Shenango, are not twelve miles 
 apart, the country hilly. I know the Shenango to be a beatable stream at 
 its confluence with the Beaver, twenty miles from the Ohio. 
 
 " I dropped down the Beaver fi-om Mahoning to the Great Falls (about 
 seven miles from the Ohio) in a canoe, on the first of July, 1784, without the 
 least difficulty. At this season all the western waters are remarkably low ; 
 and although some ripples appear, there is nothing to cause any material 
 obstruction. The falls, at first view, appear impracticable at low water ; 
 indeed, too difficult at any season ; nevertheless, they have been passed at 
 all seasons. I met two men in a flat-bottomed boat a few miles above the 
 falls, who had carried their cargo half a mile on shore, and then warped up 
 their empty boat. They set with poles the rest of the way to Mahoning. 
 The boat carried one and a half tons ; but in some seasons there will be 
 water enough for loads of five tons. Canoes, it is said, have ascended 
 twenty-five miles higher than the Mahoning, which certainly must be near 
 one branch of Muskingum, as it continues in a westerly course ; and the 
 most easterly branch of that river, it is agreed by all who have been in that 
 quarter, approaches very near to the waters falling into the lake ; all agree, 
 likewise, that the rivers north of the dividing ridge are deep and smooth, the 
 country being level. 
 
 " Following the Indian path, which generally keeps in the low ground 
 along the river, the distance from the mouth of the Big Beaver to Mahoning 
 is about fifty miles; which, from the computed distance thence to Cuyahoga, 
 
56 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 gives eighty miles in all. But I am certain a much better road will be found 
 by keeping along the_ ground which divides the waters of the Big and Little 
 Beavers. 
 
 " But this digression I must beg your pardon for. To your further query 
 I think I shall be able to afford you more satisfaction, as I can point out a 
 more practicable and easy communication, by which the articles of trade you 
 mention can be transported from Lake Erie, than by any other hitherto 
 mentioned route; at least' until canals are cut. This is by a branch of the 
 Allegany, which is navigable by boats of considerable burthen, to within 
 eight miles of Lake Erie. I examined the greater part of the communica- 
 tion myself, and such parts as I did not, was done by persons before and 
 subsequent to my being there, whose accounts can scarce be doubted. 
 
 " From Fort Pitt to Venango by land, on the Indian and French path, is 
 computed to be ninety miles ; by water it is said to be one-third more. But as 
 you know the country so far, I will forbear giving a more particular account 
 of it ; but proceed to inform you that I set out and traveled by land from 
 Venango, though frequently on the beach or within high-water mark, (the 
 country being in many places impassable for a horse,) to a confluence of a 
 branch of the river called Coniwango, which is about sixty-five miles from 
 French creek. The general course of the Allegany between these two 
 creeks is north-east. The course of the Coniwango is very near due north; 
 
 it is about yards wide. It is upwards of yards, thirty miles from 
 
 its confluence with the Allegany at a fork. It is deep and not very rapid. 
 To the Coniwango fork of the Allegany, the navigation is rather better than 
 firom Venango to Fort Pitt. I traveled about twenty-five miles a day. Two 
 Indians pushed a loaded canoe, and encamped with me every night. As the 
 Coniwango is crooked, I think it must be forty miles from the Allegany to 
 its for* by water. One of the forks continues in a northern direction about 
 seven miles to a beautiful lake. The lake is noticed on Hutchins' map, by 
 the name of Lake Jadaque. The map is badly executed. It extends, from 
 the best information I could obtain, to within nine miles of Lake Erie ; it is 
 from one to two miles broad, and deep enough for navigation. I was taken 
 sick, which prevented my journey over to Lake Erie. 
 
 " The following account I had from a chief of the Seneca tribe, as well as 
 from a white man named Mathews, a Virginian, who says that he was taken 
 prisoner by the Indians at Kanawha, in 1777. He has lived with the 
 Indians since that time. As far as I could judge, he appeared to be well 
 acquainted with this part of the country. I employed him as interpreter. 
 He stated that from the upper end of Jadaqua lake, it is not more than nine 
 miles along the path or road to Lake Erie, and that there was formerly a 
 wagon road between the two lakes. 
 
 "The Indian related, that he was about fourteen years old when the 
 French went first to establish a post at Fort Pitt ; that he accompanied an 
 uncle who was a chief warrior, on that occasion, who attended the French ; 
 that the head of Lake Jadaque was the spot where the detachment em- 
 barked ; that they fell down to Fort Duquesne without any obstruction, in 
 large canoes, with all the artillery, stores, provisions, etc.* He added that 
 
 *The first expedition sent by the French against Fort Pitt, was that commanded by 
 Captain Contrecoeur, in the spring succeeding the cutting out of the Portage road, and 
 which compelled the capitulation of Pittsburgh, in April, 1754, an account of which is in 
 the foregoing pages. 
 
WASHINGTON'S CORRESPONDENCE WITH IRVINE. 57 
 
 French creek was made the medium of communication afterwards ; why, he 
 could not tell, but always wondered at it, as he expressed himself, knowing 
 the other to be so much better. The Seneca related many things to corrobo- 
 rate and convince me of its truth. He stated that he was constantly em- 
 ployed by the British during the late war, and had the rank of captain; and 
 that he commanded the party which was defeated on the Allegany by Colonel 
 Broadhead ; that in the year 1782, a detachment composed of 300 British 
 and 500 Indians, was formed, and actually embarked in canoes on Lake 
 Jadaque, with twelve pieces of artillery, with an avowed intention of attack- 
 ing Fort Pitt. This expedition, he says, was laid aside, in consequence of 
 the reported repairs and strength of Fort Pitt, carried by a spy from the 
 neighborhood of the fort. They then contented themselves with the usual 
 mode of warfare, by sending small parties on the frontier, one of which 
 burned Hannastown. I remember very well that, in August, 1782, we 
 picked up at Fort Pitt a number of canoes, which had drifted down the 
 river; and I received repeated accounts, in June and July, from a Canadian 
 who deserted to me, as well as from some friendly Indians, of this arma- 
 ment ; but I never knew before then where they had assembled.* 
 
 " Both Mathews and the Seneca desired to conduct me, as a further proof 
 ot their veracity, to the spot, on the shore of Lake Jadaque, where lies one 
 of the four-pounders left by the French. Major Finley, who has been in 
 that country since I was, informed me that he had seen the gun. Mathews 
 was very desirous that I should explore the east fork of the Coniwango ; but 
 my sickness prevented me. His account is, that it is navigable about thirty 
 miles up from the junction of the north and west branch, to a swamp which 
 is about half a mile wide; that on the north side of this swamp a large creek 
 has its source, called " Catterauque " [Cattaraugus], which falls into Lake 
 Erie, forty miles from the foot of this lake; that he has several times been 
 of parties who crossed over, carrying the canoes across the swamps. He 
 added, that the Catterauque watered much the finest country between 
 Buffalo and Presque Isle. 
 
 " A letter has been published lately in a Philadelphia newspaper, written 
 by one of the gentlemen employed in running the boundary line between 
 New York and Pennsylvania, which fully supports these accounts. As well as 
 I can remember, his words are: 'We pushed up a large branch of the 
 Allegany, called Chataghque (so he spells the name), which is from one 
 half mile to two or three wide, and near twenty long. The country is level, 
 and the land good, to a great extent, on both sides. We ascended the 
 dividing ridge between the two lakes. From this place a most delightful 
 prospect was open before us.' He then dwells on the scene before him and 
 future prospects, not to the present purpose; but concludes by saying that 
 the waters of Lake Erie cannot be brought to the Ohio, as the summit of 
 the dividing ridge is 700 feet higher than Lake Erie. 'We traveled,' he con- 
 
 *In 1822, William Bemus, in making an attempt to deepen the channel of the outlet of 
 Chautauqua lake, in that village, discovered a row of piles averaging four inches in diame- 
 ter, and from two and one-half to three and one-half feet in length, driven firmly into the 
 earth across the bed of the stream. Axe marks were plainly visible on each of the four sides 
 of those piles, the wood of which was sound. The tops of these piles were worn smooth, 
 and did not appear, when discovered, to reach above the bed of the stream. — Hon. E. T. 
 Foote. Warrens History of Chautauqua County. Other evidences existed indicating the 
 presence of armed forces within the county anterior to its settlement. 
 
58 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 tinues, 'along the Indian path to the lake, which is only nine miles, though 
 very crooked. A good wagon road may be made, which will not exceed 
 seven miles, as the hill is not steep.' 
 
 " I regret that this detail has been extended to so great a length, for I fear 
 that it will rather weary than afford you satisfaction. Being obliged to 
 blend the information of others, with that which came within my own 
 observation, in some degree renders it unavoidable. 
 
 " I have the honor to be, with great respect, 
 
 " Your most obedient servant, 
 
 "William Irvine." 
 
 This letter was copied by Dr. William A. Irvine, from the original lent to 
 his father, Callender Irvine, by Judge Washington; and it contains perhaps 
 the first written description extant of Chautauqua lake and outlet. Chau- 
 tauqua lake was then rarely visited, except by the Seneca, who came there 
 to hunt, and to capture the excellent fish, for which it is now so justly cele- 
 brated, and which its pure waters yielded in great abundance. The few 
 white men that wandered as far as its shores, found it a secluded lake, 
 buried in the heart of the wilderness, where the wild fowl gachered unmo- 
 lested, and where the howl of the wolf could be heard nightly among its 
 neighboring hills, and the lonely cry of the loon across its waters. Although 
 the lake was rarely seen by those who could appreciate its beauties, yet it 
 was perhaps then more beautiful than now. In spring, the margin of every 
 inlet and cove, and its whole shore, lay concealed beneath a mass of green 
 foliage, that rolled back in leafy billows on every side, to the summit of the 
 surrounding hills, and which the frosts in autumn changed to those bright 
 and varied hues that belong only to an American forest. Even the rough 
 French and English voyagers that sometimes may have traversed it when it 
 was a deep solitude, could not have beheld, without admiration, its clear 
 waters and beautiful shores. 
 
 General Washington answered this letter from General Irvine, as follows : 
 
 "Mount Vernon, i8th February, 1788. 
 
 " Sir : I have to acknowledge the receipt of your favor of the 27th ult., and 
 to thank you for the information contained in it. As a communication be- 
 tween the waters of Lake Erie and those of Ohio is a matter which promises 
 great public utility, and as every step towards the investigation of it may be 
 considered as promoting the general interest of our country, I need make 
 no apology to you for any trouble that I have given upon the subject. 
 
 " I am fuUy sensible that no account can be sufficiently accurate to hazard 
 any operations upon, without an actual survey. My object in wishing a solu- 
 tion of the queries proposed to you, was, that I might be enabled to return 
 answers, in some degree satisfactory, to several gentlemen of distinction in 
 foreign countries, who have appealed to me for information on the subject, in 
 behalf of others who wish to engage in the fur trade, and at the same time 
 gratify my own curiosity, and assist me in forming a judgment of the prac- 
 ticability of opening communication, should it ever be seriously in con- 
 templation. 
 
 " I. Could a channel once be opened to convey the fur and peltry from 
 the lakes into the Eastern country, its advantages would be so obvious as to 
 
WASHINGTON'S CORRESPONDENCE WITH IRVINE. 59 
 
 induce an opinion, that it would in a short time become the channel of con- 
 veyance for much the greatest part of the commodities brought from thence. 
 
 " 2. The trade which has been carried on between New York and that 
 quarter, is subject to great inconvenience from the length of the communica- 
 tion, number of portages, and, at seasons, from ice ; yet it has, notwithstand- 
 ing, been prosecuted with success. 
 
 " I shall feel myself much obliged by any further information that you may 
 find time and inclination to communicate to me on this head. I am, sir, 
 with great esteem, your most obedient, &c., 
 
 " George Washington." 
 
 General Irvine afterwards wrote to Gen. Washington upon the subject, as 
 follows : 
 
 "New York, Oct. 6th, 1788. 
 
 " Sir : I do myself the honor to enclose a sketch of the waters of the 
 Allegany, which approach near to Lake Erie. It is taken from an actual 
 survey made by the persons who ran the line between the states of New York 
 and Pennsylvania. These gentlemen say that the main branch of the Alle- 
 gany falls in Pennsylvania, and that there is only seven or eight miles land 
 carriage between it and the head of a branch of Susquehanna, called Tioga, 
 which is navigable for large boats at most seasons. The navigation of 
 Caniwago, I know, is much preferable to French creek. 
 
 " I have the honor to be with the highest respect, sir, your excellency's 
 most obedient and humble servant, Wu. Irvine." 
 
 This letter was never before published. It is found bound in a volume of 
 the Washington Papers, and is entered in an index of those papers made by 
 Rev. Jared Sparks. It was probably written to Gen. Washington by the 
 direction of Gen. Irvine. Accompanying this letter was an accurate map of 
 " Chautaugh" lake, and " Canewango river;" also the Chautauqua Creek 
 portage, from Lake Erie to Chautauqua lake, and also the portage to Le 
 Boeuf, and other localities. Washington replied to Gen. Irvine, as follows : 
 
 Mount Vernon, 31st October, 1788. 
 
 " Dear Sir : The letter with which you favored me, dated the 6th instant, 
 enclosing a sketch of waters near the line which separates your state from 
 New York, came duly to hand, for which I offer you my acknowledgments 
 and thanks. 
 
 " The extensive inland navigation with which this country abounds, and 
 the easy communication which many of the rivers afford, with the amazing 
 territory to the westward of us, will certainly be productive of infinite advan- 
 tage to the Atlantic states, if the legislatures of those through which they pass 
 have liberality and public spirit enough to improve them. For my part, I 
 wish sincerely that every door to that country may be set wide open, that the 
 commercial intercourse with it may be rendered as free and easy as possible. 
 This, in my judgment, is the best, if not the only cement that can bind those 
 people to us for any length of time, and we shall, I think, be deficient in 
 foresight and wisdom if we neglect the means to effect it. Our interest is so 
 much in unison with the policy of the measure, that nothing but that ill-aimed 
 and misapplied parsimony and contracted way of thinking, which intermingles 
 so much in all our public councils, can counteract it. 
 
 " If the Chautauqua lake, at the head of the Connewango river, approx- 
 
60 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 imates Lake Erie as nearly as it is laid down in the draft you sent me, it 
 presents a very short portage indeed between the two, and access to all those 
 above the latter. I am, etc., George Washington." 
 
 It will be seen by this correspondence, that Washington, at that early day, 
 clearly foresaw the great importance of obtaining a ready communication 
 between the waters of the East and the West, which was then required only 
 to transport the few furs and peltries collected by the Indians and trappers 
 in the uncivilized western regions ; but which, forty-five years later, was 
 needed to bear a tide of emigration that has constantly since then been pour- 
 ing into the valley of the Mississippi, and to carry back to the East from that 
 fruitful territory surplus products so vast as to require the building of the 
 Erie Canal. 
 
 Survey of the State Boundary Line. 
 
 The original boundary line between New York and Pennsylvania extended 
 from the north-west comer of New Jersey, along the center of the Delaware 
 river, to the 42d degree of north latitude, and thence west to Lake Erie. 
 This line gave to the state of Pennsylvania only four or five miles of coast 
 on Lake Erie, and no harbor. Samuel Holland, on the part of New York, 
 and David Rittenhouse, on the part of Pennsylvania, were appointed com- 
 missioners, November 8, 1774, to run this boundary; and in December of 
 that year they erected a stone monument on the 42d parallel of latitude, upon 
 a small island in the Delaware river, as the north-east corner of the state of 
 Pennsylvania. The severity of the season prevented the further prosecution 
 of the survey that year. The Revolution soon after commenced, and the 
 work was postponed. In 1781, New York released to the general govern- 
 ment the lands to which it had claim, lying west of a meridian extending 
 through the west extremity of Lake Ontario. This line became the western 
 boundary of Chautauqua county ; and these lands constituted the tract since 
 known as the Triangle. They were sold by the government of the United 
 States, in 1792, to the state of Pennsylvania, and gave to that state 202,180 
 acres of land, thirty miles of coast on Lake Erie, and an excellent harbor at 
 Erie. The southern boundary of New York was run by David Rittenhouse, 
 Andrew Ellicott and others, commissioners, in 1785, 1786 and 1787. The 
 meridian line which forms the western boundary of our county and state, was 
 run in 1788 and 1 789, by Andrew Ellicott, the surveyor-general of the United 
 States. An initial monument was erected by him near the shore of Lake 
 Erie, on which was placed the following inscription : On the east side — 
 "Meridian of the west end of Lake Ontario, state of New York, 18 miles 
 and 525 chains from the northern boundary of Pennsylvania, August 23, 
 1 790." On the west side — " Territory annexed to the state of Pennsylvania. 
 North latitude 42° 16' 32". Variation, 25' west." This monument having 
 been partially destroyed, and what remained of it endangered by the encroach- 
 ments of Lake Erie, it was replaced in pursuance of an act of the legislature, 
 with appropriate ceremonies, September 15, 1869, by a new monument. 
 
INDIAN WARS AND THE CONCLUSION. 6l 
 
 placed 440 feet south of the original monument, composed of Quincy 
 granite, two feet wide and about eight inches thick. It has on its east and 
 west faces a copy of the inscription on the corresponding faces of the original 
 monument, and on its north and south faces the following inscription : North 
 face — "1869, latitude of this state, 42 deg., 15 min., 56 sec. 9; longitude, 
 79 deg., 45 min., 54 sec. 4. Variation, 2 deg. 35 sec. west. South face — 
 " 1869. Erected by the states of New York and Pennsylvania, 440 feet 
 south of a monument now dilapidated, on which were the inscriptions on the 
 east and west faces of this monument." William Evans represented the state 
 of Pennsylvania, and John V. L. Pruyn, George R. Perkins, S. B. Woolworth 
 and George W. Patterson, represented the state of New York. 
 
 The state of Pennsylvania held treaties with the Indians : one at Fort 
 Stanwix, in 1784, and another at Fort Harmer, in 1789, at which last place 
 the chiefs present agreed that the said state of Pennsylvania shall, and may 
 at any time they may think proper, survey, dispose of, and settle all that part 
 of the aforesaid country, lying and being west of a line running along the 
 middle of the Connew^ango river, from its confluence with the Allegany river 
 into " Chadochque Lake ;'' thence along the middle of said lake, to the 
 north end of the same ; thence a meridian line from the north end of the 
 said lake, to the margin or shore of Lake Erie. These treaties, it was thought, 
 secured the title to the Triangle. Complanter sustained the title thus 
 acquired, but a majority of the Iroquois, and their master spirit the Mohawk 
 Chief Brant, were bitterly opposed, as he was in favor of restricting the whites 
 to the territory lying east of the Allegany and Ohio, and the settlement of 
 the Triangle was never fully acquiesced in by the Indians. 
 
 Indian Wars, and the Conclusion. 
 
 The disasters that attended the celebrated expedition of Gen. Hanmer 
 against the Indians in 1790, encouraged them to renewed acts of hostility; 
 and in the spring of 1791, the settlements along the Allegany river above 
 Pittsburgh were repeatedly visited by them, and women and children often 
 massacred; even the Triangle suffered from their hostile incursions. The 
 defeat of St. Clair by the Indians, which occurred in November, 1791, 
 rendered them still more bold and ferocious ; and for a year thereafter great 
 alarm extended along the frontiers of New York and Pennsylvania; and not 
 until the successful termination of Wayne's expedition into the Indian 
 country, were the frontier settlements entirely freed from danger of Indian 
 hostility. On the 20th of August, 1794, Gen. Wayne completely defeated, 
 the Indians in a general battle on the Maumee river. This decisive victory 
 entirely put an end to their power for fiirther harm to the border settlers. 
 By a treaty made at Greenville with the different tribes of Western Indians, 
 on the 30th of July, 1795, the greater part of the territory of Ohio was 
 ceded to the United States, and a long period of border war ended, and 
 peace for the first time established in these Western wilds which had never 
 known any other condition than that of continued savage and relendess strife. 
 
62 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 Chautauqua county, before this treaty, had been a deep solitude, far dis- 
 tant from the most advanced outposts of permanent settlement; yet often 
 the scene of warlike demonstration. Fleets filled with armed and veteran 
 Frenchmen had passed along its shores; Beaujen, the gallant Frenchman, 
 who led the handful of his countrymen that defeated Braddock; St. Pierre, 
 La Force, and Joncaire — names that have become celebrated in the history 
 of the French occupation in America, were once familiar with this county ; 
 and the war-path of veritable savage warriors armed with tomahawk and 
 scalping-knife, may have led through its forests ; and later, during the Amer- 
 ican Revolution, it is probable that an armed force of British and Indians 
 had been borne upon the waters of our beautiful lake. But this treaty 
 suddenly opened the West to receive the tide of emigration that has not, 
 from that time to this day, ceased to flow. 
 
 The state of Ohio, September 5th, 1795, conveyed to the "Connecticut 
 Land Company" the Western Reserve, and on the 4th of July, 1796, the 
 first permanent settlement of Northern Ohio was made at Conneaut, in Ash- 
 tabula county. The fall following, a settlement was commenced at Cleve- 
 land, where it was designed by the proprietors of the Western Reserve to 
 establish the capital of a new state, to be called " New Connecticut," under 
 the mistaken idea, that by the Constitution of the United States, the rights 
 they had acquired by the purchase of the soil gave them political jurisdiction 
 also, and authority to found a state. Emigration from the east at first pressed 
 towards the Western Reserve, passing by the Holland Purchase, the lands of 
 which had not yet been put into market. When these lands were offered 
 for sale (as the Holland Land Company sold theirs for $2.50 and $3.00 per 
 acre on a credit, while Western lands were sold at a less price for cash), those 
 who possessed the ready means, and were able to pay at once for their farms, 
 sought more attractive homes in the fertile prairies and flowery openings of 
 Ohio and the West ; consequently the first settlers of the Holland Purchase, 
 and those particularly of the county of Chautauqua, were the poorest class 
 of people — men who often expended their last dollar to procure the article 
 for their land. Chautauqua county then was densely covered with a majes- 
 tic forest of the largest growth, which cast its dark shadows everywhere — 
 over hills and valleys, and along the streams and borders of the lakes. No- 
 where in northern latitudes could be found trees so tall and large ; and while 
 none could behold, without awe and pleasure, the grandeur and grace of these 
 mighty woods, yet a home here, to cope with and subdue them, promised a 
 life-time of toil and privation ; and no one felt invited hither but strong and 
 hardy pioneers — men of the frontier who were accustomed to wield the axe 
 and handle the rifle ; who could grapple with the forest, and rough it in the 
 wilderness, and think it ease ; who could reap the thin harvest, and live upon 
 the coarse and often scanty fare of the woods, and call it plenty ; conse- 
 quently the first settlers of this county were mostly from the backwoods 
 region, at the western verge of settlement. They brought with them strong 
 arms, stout hearts, and a thorough knowledge of the rude expedients of life 
 
PRELIMINARY HISTORY. 6^ 
 
 in the woods. They were a body of picked young men, possessing vigorous 
 bodies and practical minds. Among their number were often men of marked 
 abihty, whose talents would honor any station. Although the most of them 
 possessed but little of the learning of books and schools, not a few were 
 cultivated and accomplished---men and women of refinement and education, 
 whose attainments were such as to prepare them to adorn any society. The 
 most of the early settlers were, however, educated in a true sense : they 
 possessed that learning which, in the situation in which it was their fortune 
 to be cast, best fitted thep for a life of usefulness, and enabled them to con- 
 tribute their full share in the great work of progress and improvement allotted 
 to them. They were skillful adepts in their calling ; accomplished masters 
 in wood craft, and in all that pertained to the formidable task of preparing the 
 way for the westward expansion of civilization and population. Where and 
 when they performed this labor will be told in the succeeding pages of this 
 history. How quickly, and how well it was done, the green hillsides and 
 blooming valleys of our county fully attest. 
 
 PRELIMINARY HISTORY— THE HOLLAND COMPANY'S 
 
 PURCHASE. 
 
 America was discovered by Columbus in 1492. In 1497, John Cabot, a 
 Venetian, and his son Sebastian, under the auspices of Henry VII., king of 
 England, discovered North America. He sailed along the coast 300 leagues, 
 and planted on the soil the bailners of England and of Venice. He saw no 
 person, though he believed the country not uninhabited. 
 
 Efforts were early made by Spain, France and England, to establish colo- 
 nies in North America. More, however, than a century elapsed before 
 many permanent settlements were made. In 1568, the Spaniards established 
 a small colony in Florida. The French, in 1605, planted a small colony in 
 Nova Scotia, and in 1608, founded the city of Quebec. In 1607, the 
 English made a settlement at Jamestown, in Virginia. New York was set- 
 tled by the Dutch in 161 4. In 1620, the "Pilgrim Fathers'' landed on 
 Plymouth Rock, and commenced the settlement of New England. 
 
 The tract of country called New England, granted by James I., king of 
 England, to the Plymouth Company, extended from the Atlantic to the 
 Pacific Ocean. In 1628, a part of this tract, alsp extending to the Pacific, 
 was granted by the Plymouth Company to Sir Henry Roswell and his asso- 
 ciates, called the Massachusetts Bay Company. The province of New York 
 was granted in 1663, by Charles II., to the Duke of York and Albany 
 [afterwards King James II.], who subsequently granted to Berkeley and 
 Cartaret the province of New Jersey. The remainder of the country granted 
 by Charles II. constituted the province of New York, which extended 
 north to the Canada line; but its extent westward was not definitely stated. 
 
64 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 The first charter of Massachusetts, granted by King Charles I., in 1628, 
 appears to have been vacated by quo warranto in 1684; and a second 
 charter was granted by Wilham and Mary, in 1691, in which the territorial 
 limits of the province, although differently bounded, are also made to extend 
 to the Pacific Ocean. Under these conflicting grants, disputes arose between 
 some of the states as to the extent of their respective territorial rights and 
 jurisdiction. 
 
 Those who are familiar with the political history of this country, will 
 remember that, near and soon after the close of the Revolutionary war, 
 several of the states ceded their western lands to the general government as a 
 fund to aid in the payment of the war debt. New York ceded hers by 
 deed dated March i, 1781, two years before the peace. In 1783, Congress 
 requested those states which had not already done so, to cede portions of 
 their territory for that purpose. Virginia ceded March i, 1784; Massachu- 
 setts, April 19, 1785 ; and Connecticut, September 13, 1786, transferred her 
 claim, reserving about 3,000,000 acres in the north-east part of the present 
 state of Ohio. This tract was called the " Western Reserve of Connecticut." 
 On the 30th of May, 1800, the jurisdictional claims of that state to this 
 Reserve were surrendered to the United States. 
 
 The dispute, however, between the states of New York and Massachusetts 
 was not yet settled. Of the territory which, by the treaty of peace of 1783, 
 was ceded to the United States, each of the individual states claimed such 
 portions as were comprehended within their original grants or charters. Mas- 
 sachusetts consequently claimed a strip of land extending to the westerly 
 bounds of the United States, thus dividing the state of New York into two 
 parts. Both New York and Massachusetts had ceded all their lands westerly 
 of the same meridian line, namely, a line running from the most westerly 
 bend of Lake Ontario, south to the northern line of Pennsylvania, and form- 
 ing the present western boundary of the state of New York. But Massa- 
 chusetts still claimed nearly 20,000 square miles -east of that line. The 
 controversy was finally settled by commissioners on the part of each of the 
 two states, who met at Hartford, December 16, 1786. In accordance with 
 this decision, Massachusetts ceded to New York all claim to the government, 
 sovereignty, and jurisdiction of all the lands in controversy; and New York 
 ceded to Massachusetts and to her grantees the preemption right or fee of 
 the land, subject to the title of the natives, of all that part of the state of 
 New York lying west of a line beginning on the north boundary line of 
 Pennsylvania, on the parallel of 42 degrees of north latitude, 82 miles west 
 of the north-east corner of said state, and running thence due north through 
 Seneca lake to Lake Ontario, excepting a mile's breadth along the east bank 
 of the Niagara river. The land, the preemption right of which was thus 
 ceded, was about six million acres. 
 
 In April, 1788, Massachusetts contracted to sell to Oliver Phelps and 
 Nathaniel Gorham the right of preemption in all the lands ceded by the 
 convention of the i6th of December, 1786, at Hartford. In July, 1788, 
 
PRELIMINARY HISTORY. 65 
 
 Gorham and Phelps purchased the Indian title to about 2,600,000 acres of 
 the eastern part of their purchase from Massachusetts. The western bound- 
 ary of these lands was a line running from the north line of Pennsylvania 
 north to the junction of the Shanahasgwaikon (now called Canascraga) creek 
 and the Genesee river ; thence northwardly along the Genesee river to a point 
 two miles north of Canawaugus village; thence due west 12 miles; thence 
 in a direction northwardly, so as to be 1 2 miles distant from the most west- 
 ward bend of the Genesee river to Lake Ontario. This tract, the Indian 
 title to which had been extinguished by Phelps and Gorham, was confirmed 
 to them by an act of the legislature of Massachusetts, November 21, 1788, 
 and is that which has been designated as the " Phelps and Gorham Purchase." 
 
 The survey of this tract into townships and lots was immediately com- 
 menced ; and, within the space of two years, about fifty townships had been 
 disposed of, principally by whole townships or large portions of townships, 
 to individuals and companies. 
 
 Phelps and Gorham, having paid about one-third of the purchase money 
 of the entire tract purchased of Massachusetts, were unable to make further 
 payments. They had stipulated to pay in a kind of scrip, or " consolidated 
 stock,'' issued by that state. This scrip they could buy at 70 or 80 per cent, 
 below par. But this stock having risen to par, they were unable, at this rate, 
 to fulfill their engagements. On the isth of February, 1790, they proposed 
 to the legislature of Massachusetts to surrender to the state two-thirds in 
 quantity and value of the whole of the contracted lands ; two of their three 
 bonds for ^100,000 each, given for the purchase money, to be canceled. The 
 tract released by the Indians was to be retained by Gorham and Phelps ; but 
 if the contents should exceed one-third of the whole, the surplus was to be 
 paid for in money at the average price of the whole. 
 
 Two other proposals, made a few days later, were accepted by the legisla- 
 ture, but reserving to themselves the right of accepting, in preference, at any 
 time within one year, the proposal of the 15th of February, 1790; and on 
 the 19th of February, 17 91, notice was given to Gorham and Phelps that 
 the legislature had elected, that the two third parts of the lands should 
 remain the property of the commonwealth ; and the unpaid bonds were 
 relinquished to Phelps and Gorham. The tract released by the Indians was 
 found to exceed in quantity one-third of the whole territory ; and the excess 
 was subsequently [April 6, 18 13] paid by Phelps and Gorham. That tract, 
 with the exception of the parts sold, and of two townships reserved by Gor- 
 ham and Phelps, was sold by them to Robert Morris, and is described in the 
 conveyance, dated i8th November, 1790, as containing 2,100,000 acres. 
 
 In March, 1791, Massachusetts agreed to sell to Samuel Ogden, agent for 
 Robert Morris, all the lands ceded to that state by New York, except that 
 part which had been conveyed to Phelps and Gorham, the state reserving 
 one equal undivided sixtieth part of the unexcepted lands. This reservation 
 in the original sale to Morris, was caused by a contract made by Gorhami 
 and Phelps, prior to the surrender of their claim to Massachusetts, for the 
 5 
 
66 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 sale of one-sixtieth of the entire territory to John Butler. Butler subse- 
 quently assigned his right to this one-sixtieth to Morris, who was thus enabled 
 to acquire a title from Massachusetts. 
 
 In pursuance of this contract, Massachusetts, on the nth of May, 1791, 
 conveyed to Robert Morris, as the assignee under Samuel Ogden, a tract of 
 land containing about 500,000 acres, bounded on the west by a line drawn from 
 a point in the north line of Pennsylvania, twelve miles west from the south- 
 west corner of the land confirmed to Gorham and Phelps, to Lake Ontario. 
 This tract forms no part of the lands subsequently sold by Morris to the 
 Holland Land Company, and is still known as the " Morris Reserve.'' 
 
 The lands of the Holland Land Company are embraced in four deeds from 
 Massachusetts to Robert Morris, all dated May 11, 1791, Samuel Ogden 
 concurring in these conveyances. Each deed conveyed a distinct tract of 
 land, supposed to contain 800,000 acres. The ^rst tract is sixteen miles 
 wide, from the Pennsylvania north line to the northern boundary of the state, 
 and comprehends ranges r, 2 and 3, as laid down in the map of Ellicotts 
 survey. The second tract is of the same breadth, and comprehends ranges 4, 
 5 and 6. The third tract is of the same breadth, and comprehends ranges 7 
 and 8, and 263 chains and 76 links off the easterly side of range 9. The fourt/i 
 tract embraces all the land in the state west of the third tract, and compre- 
 hends the remaining westerly part of range 9, and the whole of ranges 10, 
 II, 12, 13, 14 and 15. The consideration of the first three tracts was 
 ;^i5,ooo each; for the fourth, ;^io,ooo. By these conveyances, Robert 
 Morris became seized of the preemptive title to all the lands in the state west 
 of the eastern boundary of the Holland Purchase, excepting only the 
 reserved strip of land, one mile in width, along the Niagara river. 
 
 Aliens being legally incompetent to hold and convey real estate, the lands 
 of the Dutch proprietors within the state of New York were purchased for 
 their account from Robert Morris, and conveyed, for their benefit, to 
 trustees. On the nth of April, 1796, a special act was passed for the relief 
 of Wilhem Willink, Nicholas Van Staphorst, Christian Van Eeghen, Hen- 
 drick VoUenhoven, Rutger Jan Schimmelpenninck, and Pieter Stadnitski ; 
 and on the Z4th of February, 1797, a supplementary act was passed, includ- 
 ing the names of Jan Willink, Jacob Van Staphorst, Nicholas Hubbard, 
 Pieter Van Eeghen, Isaac Ten Cate, Jan Stadnitski, and Aernout Van Beef- 
 tingh. By these two acts, the trustees were authorized to hold the lands 
 contracted and paid for by all or any of these individuals, and for the period 
 of seven years to sell the same to citizens of the United States. Under the 
 general alien act of April 2d, 1798, the titles were afterwards vested in the 
 names of the Dutch proprietors by new conveyances. By this general act, 
 which was to continue for three years, all conveyances to aUens, not being 
 .the subjects of powers or states at war with the United States, were declared 
 to be valid, so as to vest the estate in such aliens, their heirs and assigns for- 
 ever. The construction of this was settled by an act passed March 5th, 18 19, 
 which declared and enacted that all conveyances made to aliens under the 
 
THE HOLLAND PURCHASE. 67 
 
 act of April, 1798, should be deemed valid, and vest the lands thereby con- 
 veyed in the several grantees, so as to authorize them and their heirs and 
 assigns, although aliens, to devise or convey the same to any other alien or 
 aliens, not being the subjects of a power or state at war with the United 
 States. 
 
 The lands purchased by the Holland Land Company embraced an area 
 of about 3,600,000 acres, and were originally conveyed in several tracts or 
 parcels, and at different times, by Robert Morris, to trustees for the benefit 
 of the Dutch proprietors. The first tract thus conveyed, called the " Million 
 and a half Acre Tract," embracing 422 chains and 56 links off the west part 
 of range 7, and all the land west thereof to the Pennsylvania line, was con- 
 veyed, December 24, 1792, in two parcels. The first of these, containing 
 one million acres, embraced the eastern part of the tract ; the second parcel, 
 the western part, comprehending ranges 11, 12, 13, 14 and 15, as laid down 
 on EUicott's map. 
 
 The second tract, called the "One Million Acre Tract," was conveyed 
 February 27, 1793, and embraced townships 5 to 16, inclusive, in range i ; 
 4 to 1 6 in ranges 2 and 3 ; and i to 4 in ranges 4, 5 and 6. 
 
 The third tract, called the " Eight Hundred Thousand Acre Tract," was 
 conveyed July 20, 1793. 
 
 The fourth tract, called the " Three Hundred Thousand Acre Tract,'' was 
 conveyed July 20, 1793. Though named as being a single tract, it embraced 
 three different parcels, neither two of them consisting of contiguous territory. 
 The first of these parcels comprehended townships i, 2, 3, and the east half 
 of 4, of range i, and i, 2 and 3, of ranges 2 and 3, intended tcr contain 
 200,000 acres." The second and third parcels comprehended 113 chains 
 and 68 links of the east part of range 7, which was not included in the 
 million and a half acres before described. The portion of this strip lying 
 south of the Buffalo creek reservation, was intended to contain 54,000 acres, 
 and the part north of the reservation, 46,000 acres. 
 
 The names of the trustees to whom the conveyances were made by 
 Morris, were not in all cases the same, as will appear from the following 
 statement of the chain of title to each tract : 
 
 Deed of first tract [1,500,000 acres], i. Robert Morris to Herman Le 
 Roy and John Lincklaen, December 31, 1792. 2. Le Roy and Lincklaen 
 to William Bayard, May 30, 1795. 3. Wm. Bayard to Le Roy, Lincklaen, 
 and Gerrit Boon, June i, 1795. 4. Le Roy, Lincklaen and Boon to Paul 
 Busti, July 9, 1798. 5. Busti to Le Roy, Bayard, James McEvers, Linck- 
 laen, and Boon, upon trust for the benefit of Wilhem Willink and others, 
 with covenant to convey the same according to their direction and appoint- 
 ment — deed dated July 10, 1798. 6. Le Roy, Bayard, McEvers, Linck- 
 laen, and Boon, to Wilhem Willink, Nicholas Van Staphorst, Pieter Van 
 Eeghen, Hendrick Vollenhoven, and Rutger Jan Schimmelpenninck, Dec. 
 31, 1798. 7. The title of the last named grantees was confirmed to them 
 by Thomas L. Ogden ahd Gouverneur Morris, by deed, February 18, 1801. 
 
68 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 Deed of second tract [1,000,000 acres], i. Robert Morris to Le Roy, 
 Lincklaen, and Boon, Feb. 27, 1793, confirmed after the extinguishment of 
 the Indian tide, by deed between the same parties, June i, 1798. 2. Le 
 Roy, Lincklaen, and Boon to Paul Busti, July 9, 1798. 3. Busti to Le Roy, 
 Bayard, McEvers, Lincklaen, and Boon, in trust for the benefit of Wilhem 
 Willink and others, July 10, 1798. 4. Le Roy, Bayard, McEvers, Linck- 
 laen, and Boon, to Wilhem Willink and others, December 31, 1798. 5. 
 The title of the last named grantees was confirmed to them by Thomas L. 
 Ogden, February 13, 1801. 
 
 Deed of the third tract [800,000 acres], i. Robert Morris to Le Roy, 
 Lincklaen, and Boon, July 20, 1793, confirmed after the extinguishment of 
 the Indian title, by deed between the same parties, June i, 1798. 2. Le 
 Roy, Lincklaen, and Boon, to Paul Busti, July 9, 1798. 3. Busti to Le Roy, 
 Bayard, McEvers, Lincklaen, and Boon, in trust for Wilhem Willink and 
 others, July 10, 1798. 4. Le Roy, Bayard, McEvers, Lincklaen, and Boon, 
 to Wilhelm Willink and others, July 10, 1798. 5. The title of the last 
 named grantees was confirmed by Thomas L. Ogden, Feb. 13, 1801. 
 
 Deed of the fourth tract [300,000 acres], i. Robert Morris to Le Roy, 
 Bayard, and Thomas Clarkson, July 20, 1793, confirmed after the extin- 
 guishment of the Indian title, by deed between the same parties, June i, 
 1798. 2. Le Roy, Bayard, and Clarkson, to Paul Busti, July 9, 1798. 3. 
 Busti to Le Roy, Bayard, and Clarkson, in trust for Wilhem Willink and 
 Jan Willink, July 10, 1798. 4. Le Roy, Bayard, and Clarkson, to Wilhem 
 Willink, Jan Willink, Wilhem Willink, Jr., and Jan Willink, Jr., as joint 
 tenants, Jan. 3r, 1799. 5. Title of last named grantees confirmed by T. L. 
 Ogden, Feb. 27, 1801. 
 
 It appears from the foregoing that all the lands of the Company were con- 
 veyed by the trustees to Paul Busti, of Philadelphia, an alien. The design 
 of this conveyance, it is presumed, was merely to change the title of the 
 trust estate to the hands of Busti, who was general agent of the proprietors 
 in Holland. 
 
 The necessity of the confirmatory deeds of Thomas L. Ogden and Gouver- 
 neur Morris will appear from the following facts : Two judgments against 
 Robert Morris had been docketed in the supreme court of the state of New 
 York, which were found to overreach the titles of several of the purchasers 
 under him. The first was in favor of Wm. Talbot and Wm. Allum, docketed 
 June 8, 1797 ; the second, in favor of Solomon Townsend, docketed August 
 10, 1798. Previously to the year 1800, an execution was issued on the last 
 judgment ; and all the lands conveyed to Morris by Massachusetts were sold, 
 and conveyed by the sheriff of Ontario county to Thomas Mather, in whose 
 name actions of ejectment founded upon this conveyance were prosecuted 
 in the court In the spring of 1800, during the pendency of these ejectments, 
 an execution was issued on the earlier judgment ; and the whole tract of 
 country was again levied upon and advertised for sale by the sheriff. 
 
 Under these circumstance, Mr. Busti, the general agent of the Holland 
 
THE HOLLAND PURCHASE. 69 
 
 Land Company, entered into an arrangement with Gouvemeur Morris, -the 
 assignee of the earher judgment, to put an end to the claims set up under 
 both judgments. It was agreed that both judgments, and also a release of 
 Mather's interest under the sheriff's deed to him, should be purchased by the 
 Land Company, which was done ; and the judgments were assigned to the 
 Company, April 22, 1800 ; that of Townsend by his attorney, Aaron Burr ; 
 that of Talbot and AUum, by Gouvemeur Morris, the assignee of Robert 
 Morris. Articles of agreement were at the same time entered into between 
 Thomas L. Ogden of the first part, the individuals of the Holland Company 
 of the second part, and Gouvemeur Morris of the third part, by which it was 
 agreed that the release from Mather should be taken in the name of Thomas 
 L. Ogden ; that he should also become the purchaser at the approaching sale 
 under the judgment of Talbot and Allum ; and that the title thus derived 
 under both judgments should be held by him in trust for the purposes 
 expressed in the agreement. 
 
 It was provided in that instrument, that the million and a half acre tract 
 should be held subject to the issue of amicable suit, to be instituted on the 
 equity side of the circuit of the United States for the district of New York, 
 to determine the operation and effect of the conveyance of this tract by 
 Robert Morris, so that if, by a decree of that court, or of the supreme court 
 of the United States, in case of an appeal, such conveyance should be 
 adjudged to be absolute and indefeasible, then the tract should be released 
 and confirmed by Gouvemeur Morris to the Holland LandCompany. It 
 was further provided by this agreement, that the residue of the entire tract 
 of country should be released and confirmed by Thomas L. Ogden to the 
 several proprietors under Robert Morris, according to the award and appoint- 
 ment of Alexander Hamilton, David A. Ogden and Thomas Cooper. 
 
 In pursuance of this agreement, Mather's rights under the sale on Town- 
 send's judgment, were conveyed to Thomas L. Ogden, April 22, 1800; and 
 a sale having been made under the execution issued upon the judgment of 
 Talbot and Allum, the entire tract of country, as to all the interest which 
 Robert Morris had therein on the 8th of June, 1797, was conveyed by Roger 
 Sprague, sheriff of Ontario county, by deed dated May 13, 1800. Hamilton, 
 D. A. Ogden and Cooper made an award or appointment, January 22, 1801, 
 directing conveyances by Thomas L. Ogden, of the whole of the lands to the 
 several grantees under Robert Morris, the parcels to be conveyed to each to 
 be defined by appropriate descriptions and boundaries. In conformity with 
 this appointment, the several confirmations were executed by Thomas L. 
 Ogden. 
 
■JO HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 EARLY SETTLEMENT OF THE COUNTY. 
 
 The first inquiry suggested to the reader of a history of any country or 
 territory, is : "Where, when, and by whom was its settlement commenced?" 
 Amongst the diverse and conflicting statements respecting the earliest settle- 
 ment in Chautauqua county, it is difficult, if not impossible, to answer the 
 question. It was the purpose of the writer not to become a party in this 
 controversy, but to present sketches of the several early settlements, without 
 any allusion to the discussion which has so long agitated the public mind. 
 It has, however, been repeatedly intimated that this would not be satisfactory 
 to the people generally. And as many are known to be looking for the 
 result of the author's investigation of this question, he deems it proper to 
 present such facts and statements as have come to his knowledge, for the 
 consideration of those who think the subject worthy of investigation. 
 
 The late Hon. Samuel A. Brown, in a course of lectures at the Academy 
 in Jamestown, in 1843, said in his second lecture: "Col. McMahan and Mc- 
 Henry, both from Pennsylvania, may, with propriety, I think, be styled the 
 pioneers of Chautauqua county, as they were the first who purchased and set- 
 tled with the intention of making this county their permanent residence ; 
 though one Amos Settle had resided from 1796 to 1800 on the Cattaraugus 
 bottoms in Hanover ; was then absent two or three years ; but afterwards 
 returned and became a permanent resident." 
 
 This statement was probably made on the authority of Heiuy H. Hawkins, 
 of Silver Creek, who, in a letter to Mr. Brown, dated Hanover, Feb. 2, 1843, 
 wrote as follows : 
 
 " Sir : Amos Sottle came on to the Cattaraugus bottoms, and settled in 
 the year 1796, being then about twenty-one years old, and has resided here 
 ever since that time, with the exception of between two and three years, 
 from about 1800 or 1801, which he spent in what was then called the North- 
 western Territory. He is one who helped make the survey of the whole 
 country in 1798 and 1799, under Joseph EUicOtt, surveyor of the Holland 
 Land Company." 
 
 Judge Warren, in his History of Chautauqua County, published in 1846, 
 says : 
 
 " The first purchase of lands for the purpose of settlement within the 
 present limits of this county, was made by Gen. McMahan, in i8oi. 
 * * * The first attempt to subdue the dense forest was made in 1802, 
 by CoL James McMahan, near where the village of Westfield is now 
 located. On this spot ten acres weK cleared, and the first dwelling of the 
 white man erected. Edward McHeriry settled on an adjoining tract during 
 the same year. These jwere tKe first locations of proprietors within the 
 county, with the intention of making it a permanent residence. It should be 
 mentioned, however, that for nearly four years previously to 1800, Amos 
 Sottle had resided near Cattaraugus creek, in the present town of Hanover. 
 After which he was absent for several years, and finally returned and became 
 a permanent citizen." 
 
EARLY SETTLEMENT OF THE COUNTY. /I 
 
 Another says: "In 1796, one Amos Sottle located in Hanover, but 
 removed in 1800 from the county, and did not return for several years." 
 
 Turner, in his History of the Holland Purchase, says : " The first white 
 resident of Chautauqua was Amos Sottle. He had resided near the mouth 
 of Cattaraugus creek for three years before the sale of the Holland Com- 
 pany's lands commenced." ^ 
 
 The State Gazetteer says : " The first settlement in the county was made 
 at the mouth of Cattaraugus creek, in 1797, by Amos Sottle. Soon after 
 making the first improvements, Sottle left, and returned in 1801, with Mr. 
 Sydney and Capt. Rosecrantz." 
 
 Judge Foote, in a communication in the Mayville Sentinel, of July 20, 
 1859, gives the result of his investigation of the subject, as follows : 
 
 " Editor Sentinel : I thank you for your efforts to preserve the early 
 history of our county; and I trust the people will gratefully appreciate your 
 efforts. In your article in the Sentinel, oi hyA 20 [1859], are some mistakes 
 that should be corrected, lest they become conceded as facts, and copied as 
 such by future historians. Amos Sottle was not the first white settler in the 
 county, although I know he claimed to be, and to have settled in the east part 
 of the town of Hanover, in 1796. 
 
 " By a reference to the surveyors' minutes of the meridian and township 
 line surveys, made in 1798-9, copies of which are in the County Clerk's office, 
 it will be seen that Sottle was an axeman under Amzi Atwater, one of the 
 principal surveyors, although his name does not appear in the list of surveyors 
 in Turner's History of the Holland Purchase. The surveyors, as required, 
 returned a list of their assistants and their places of residence, and the 
 capacity in which they served. Sottle was reported as a resident of Chenango 
 county, N. Y. ; and I presume the first time he ever saw the land where he 
 subsequently settled, was when Atwater surveyed the 9th meridian, or present 
 line between the counties of Chautauqua and Cattaraugus, in 1798. He was 
 also an axeman in 1799. After he left the surveyors he went into the North- 
 west Territory, and was there some years, but finally returned and settled in 
 the present town of Hanover, about 1804, and resided there with his squaw, 
 or colored wife, until his death, about 1848 or '49. His statements were not 
 very reliable. I do not find his name on any land records for several years 
 after his actual residence in the county. Col. James McMahan was unques- 
 tionably the first bona fide white settler in the county ; he and his elder 
 brother. Gen. John McMahan, having been early and conspicuous pioneers, 
 and the first purchasers of land in the county." 
 
 It is difficult to determine, from these statements, who was the first actual 
 settler. Mr. Brown thinks McMahan and McHenry are properly styled the 
 pioneers of Chautauqua ; yet he says Sottle had resided on the Cattaraugus 
 from 1796 to 1800, and then was absent two or three years, and afterwards 
 became a permanent resident. This would seem to indicate that Mr. B. did 
 not consider Sottle a settler until after his second residence, which, if he had 
 been absent two or three years, must have commenced in about 1802 or 
 1803. Judge Warren's statement naturally leads to the same conclusion. 
 Turner gives Sottle a residence at Cattaraugus, and probably considered him 
 a settler. The State Gazetteer states that he made a settlement there in 
 1797 ; and on the same page refers to Judge Foote to prove that the first 
 
72 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 settlement in the county was made in 1794, which nobody here beHeves, nor 
 has the Judge ever authorized such statement. From such contradictory 
 statements, who can decide the question ? The first inquiry then should be 
 respecting the credibility of authors. These authors probably made no thorough 
 investigation. Messrs. Brown and Warren both state that Joh7i McMahan 
 bought the town of Ripley, ^.nA. James McMahan bought 4,000 acres in West- 
 field. Mr. B. could not have made close inquiry, or he would not have 
 committed so palpable an error ; and Judge Warren probably copied it, pre- 
 suming it to be correct. But a worse error is that of the State Gazetteer. 
 And so numerous are the mistakes of Mr. Turner in regard to the settlement 
 of this county, that his authority is not reliable. He, too, makes James 
 McMahan the purchaser of Westfield, and the builder of mills at the mouth 
 of Chautauqua creek. And he also calls Sottle the first white resident of 
 Chautauqua, and McMahan " the pioneer settler." 
 
 This exposure of the errors of these writers is not intended to invalidate 
 the claim of either party to priority of settlement ; but only to show that 
 their several publications are not reliable authority. A hasty canvass for 
 the material of a history has been made, and the statements have been pub- 
 lished without seeking confirmation from any other source. Presuming them 
 to be correct, later authors have copied them, and thus have aided in trans- 
 mitting them to succeeding generations. Hence we are still left to form 
 opinions, in a great measure, from oral testimony from early settlers, long 
 since deceased, through those of a later generation ; especially so in the 
 case of the Cattaraugus settlement, which shows no record of a purchase ot 
 land prior to that of Charles Avery, in 1804. It is, however, generally con- 
 ceded that Sottle (or rather, Sawtel, as hig name appears in the list of sur- 
 veyors) was there at an earlier date ; and we have his word that he was a 
 settler before there was one at Westfield. It is urged by. the other party, 
 that his word is not reliable, his veracity having been impeached in court by 
 a score or more of witnesses. Several others, however, have certified their 
 belief in his credibility. 
 
 The foregoing is a summary of the testimony on which the parties in this 
 controversy have based their respective claims. Other facts, however, have 
 come to the knowledge of the writer, which, as a faithful historian, he deems 
 it his duty to add to what has been given. 
 
 An early resident of the county says Sottle, long before his death, told 
 him that he lived, at first, for a time with the Indians. Another old settler 
 confirms this statement, and adds, that Sottle gave as a reason for leaving the 
 Indians, and settling on the south side of the creek, that he might accumu- 
 late property for his individual use and benefit. 
 
 Some concede Sottle's claim to having an earlier home or residence at 
 Cattaraugns, than that of James McMahan at Westfield ; but question the 
 propriety of calling the place a settlement. No clearings of consequence 
 were made, nor was grain raised. Wm. Sydney, who came with Sottle from 
 Ohio, to ferry emigrants across the creek, built a log house for their enter- 
 
EARLY SETTLEMENT OF THE COUNTY. "Jl 
 
 tainrnent; but it is known that, as late as 1804, travelers were unable to 
 procure forage for their teams, except from Indians in the vicinity. In cor- 
 roboration of this statement, John Mack, son of John Mack who, in 1806, 
 bought the Sydney tavern and ferry, wrote to this county, in 1873, as follows: 
 
 "There were then [1806] but three white men on Cattaraugus Flats — 
 Amos Sottle, Ezekiel Lane, and Charles Avery. Settle and Lane had buUt 
 cabins, made small improvements, and resided in them. Common report 
 says Amos Sottle came to Cattaraugus in 1797, located ij4 miles from the 
 mouth of the creek, and made improvements as above stated, and where he 
 lived in 1806. There was no land cleared for grain raising; and no grain to 
 be had, except that bought of the Indians to supply our own wants or those 
 of the traveler. These wants were soon remedied by the energy and perse- 
 verance of early settlers. 
 
 " The ferrying of the creek was very unsafe. A small scow only, sufficient 
 to float a wagon placed therein by hand. Horses and oxen were taken over 
 separately, or caused to swim the river by the side of a canoe, guided by a 
 line. My father soon provided a safe conveyance, by building a scow suffi- 
 ciently large to transport teams of all kinds. The tavern was kept by widow 
 Sydney in a small log cabin with leantoes attached, which served for lodging 
 rooms and stowaways, and a plank addition serving as parlor and dining 
 room. Her husband had died a short time previous." 
 
 Whatever difference of opinion may exist respecting the claims of the 
 respective parties to priority of settlement, it will not be disputed that 
 the first settlement of any considerable extent was commenced at what 
 was long known as Cross Roads, in the present town of Westfield, by 
 persons from the state of Pennsylvania. Among the first of these immi- 
 grants were John and James McMahan. After an examination of the lands 
 along the lake, they made contracts for large tractsin 1801. John's purchase 
 embraced the whole of township 4, in range 14, containing 22,014 acres, 
 which, at $2.50 per acre, amounted to $55,035. He paid down $1,035 J ^^ 
 remainder to be paid in eight annual installments with annual interest. 
 James contracted for a tract in township 3, range 15. This tract extended 
 from the lake shore about 2 miles south, and from the east line of the 
 township [now Ripley], about 3j{ miles westward to within about half a 
 mile of the village of Quincy, containing 4,074 acres ; the terms of payment 
 similar to those expressed in the contract made with his brother John. These 
 contracts, though considered as made in 1801, were not perfected, or fully 
 executed, until May and July, 1803, after portions of the land had been sold 
 by the first contractors. The early settlers on these lands bought o£ the 
 McMahans, the Land Company giving title deeds on the payment to them 
 of the purchase money, which was credited on the McMahans' contract with 
 the company. 
 
 Although James' purchase was in Ripley, he selected and bought for him- 
 self, within his brother's tract, a lot on which he settled, about three-fourths 
 of a mile west of Chautauqua creek, and which extended east to the old 
 " Cross Roads.'' 
 
74 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 The next spring, [1802,] Mr. McMahan commenced clearing his farm, and 
 is said to have cleared about ten acres, which he planted and sowed the rirst 
 season. This was the first field cleared in the county. Although Mr. 
 McMahan had previously built a log house, and was properly the first settler, 
 he did not move his family into it, it is said, until late in r8o2. The first 
 family was that of Edward McHenry, at the " Cross Roads," so called from 
 its being the place where the Buffalo & Erie road crossed the old " Portage 
 Road." At the solicitation of McMahan, as is said, McHenry came with 
 him, not only to settle, but to keep a house of entertainment for emigrants 
 westward, " New' Connecticut," in Ohio, being then rapidly settling from the 
 East. A few months after McHenr/s arrival, his son John was bom, the first 
 child in the county born of white parents. The death of the father the 
 next year, who was drowned in the lake by the capsizing of a small boat, 
 while on his way to Erie to obtain a supply of provisions, was the first death 
 of a white settler in the county. His two companions were saved by cling- 
 ing to the boat. His body, it is said, was never recovered. 
 
 In the discussion of the conflicting claims of different places in the 
 county to priority of settlement, it is somewhat strange that Col. McMahan 
 should have been so long spoken of as the earliest settler here. On his 
 tour of inspection in iSor, with a view to a location, he was accompanied 
 by one Andrew Straub, a Pennsylvania German, who selected for himself a 
 place a short distance east of where the village of Westfield now is, and 
 built on it a house and occupied it the same year. He made clearings and 
 resided there many years. The stream on or near which he settled, derived 
 its name from him, and was long known as " Straub's Creek.'' Stones from 
 his fireplace, and other relics of his house, have been found at a compara- 
 tively recent date ; and there are persons now living who have personal 
 knowledge of his residence here. He had no family. After the lands were 
 surveyed, he contracted for 450 acres. 
 
 After the settlement of Col. McMahan and Mr. McHenry, settlers came 
 in rapidly. Most of them settled on the road early opened towards Erie : 
 David Kincaid, who bought in November, 1802, north of McMahan's ; in 
 1803, Arthur Bell, in January; Christopher Dull, in June; James Mont- 
 gomery, in July ; and Andrew Straub, in September ; all of whom are 
 believed to have settled on their lands the year of their purchase, except 
 Straub, who is known to have settled on his a year or two earlier, and before 
 
 the land was surveyed into lots ; and Culbertson, George and John 
 
 Degeer — all of whom, it is said, came from Pennsylvania. Also Jeremiah 
 George, who bought in 1803; Jacob George and Laughlin McNeil, in 1804; 
 and George Whitehill, in 1805, are believed to have settled at or near the 
 times of their purchases. In 1806 and 1807, came David Eason, Matthew 
 McClintock and Low Minigerfrom Canadaway, [Fredonia,] who also were 
 from Pennsylvania, and who had resided one or two years at Fredonia. 
 Miniger settled on a farm about a mile east from the village of Westfield, in 
 1806. McClintock also, before Eason, came to Westfield, having sold his 
 
t^^^^-^^rH' 
 
EARLY SETTLEMENT OF THE COUNTY. 75 
 
 land at Canadaway to Judge Gushing, Hezekiah Barker and others. He 
 opened a tavern at Westfield, and owned, it is said, the larger portion of the 
 site of the village. He afterwards moved to what was since known as the 
 Bradley farm, below Westfield ; thence to Ripley, and finally to Illinois, 
 where he died in 1838. David Eason, in the winter of 1806-7, sold his farm 
 to Hezekiah Turner, and on the 31st of March, 1807, came to Westfield, 
 having purchased of John McMahan, on the east side of Chautauqua creek, 
 about 150 acres in what is now the south-east part of the village, east of 
 South Portage street. [See David Eason in historical sketch of Westfield.] 
 
 In Ripley, Alexander Cochran, a native of Ireland, and the first settler in 
 that town, settled in 1804, about a mile west of Quincy. Along the Erie 
 road, west of the Westfield line, the following named persons were early pur- 
 chasers : Charles Forsyth, William Alexander, Farley Fuller, Basil Burgess, 
 Robert Dickson, Thomas Prendergast, Oliver Loomis, Josiah Farnsworth, 
 Asa Spear, Israel Goodrich, Wm. Crosgrove, Nathan Wisner, Andrew Spear, 
 Perry G. Ellsworth, Noah P. Hayden, Hugh Whitehill, Samuel Harrison, 
 and others, bought in Ripley prior to and including the year 1809 ; and most 
 of them probably settled on their lands the years of their purchases. 
 
 The settlement at the " Cross Roads " was soon followed by that at Cana- 
 daway, which place took its name from the name of the creek, and embraced 
 the site of the present village of Fredonia and the surrounding country. The 
 first three settlers there were Thomas McClintock, David Eason, and Low 
 Miniger, all from Pennsylvania. All, it is believed, settled the same year, 
 and so nearly at the same time, as to render it uncertain who was first on the 
 ground. The first purchase was undoubtedly made by McClintock, who, as 
 appears from the Company's book, entered as early as Dec. 22, 1803, lots 
 or parts of lots 8, 14 and 20, township 6, range 12, embracing most of the 
 land on which the village of Fredonia stands. In 1804, he made a small 
 beginning at clearing, and built a cabin. The land was not yet surveyed 
 into lots. It is said that " the lands were afterwards surveyed into lots by 
 George Moore, of Erie, under a contract between Mr. EUicott and Mr. 
 McClintock," the latter then residing in Erie county. Pa. David Eason, of 
 Northumberland county, Pa., also selected land near McClintock's, subse- 
 quently owned by Gen. Elijah Risley, in the north part of the village of 
 Fredonia, and erected a log cabin. He spent here the summers of 1803 and 
 1804, and went back to spend the winters. 
 
 In the spring of 1805 he was married, and in April he set out with Low 
 Miniger, Samuel Eason, a cousin of David, and one Covert, and their families, 
 for Lake Erie. They ascended the west branch of the Susquehanna and 
 the Sinemahoning, through the wilderness to Olean, where Major Adam 
 Hoops had just commenced a settlement, having been six weeks on the way, 
 and camped out. most of the nights. Here they built canoes ; descended 
 the Allegany to Warren ; came up the Connewango creek and Chautauqua 
 lake to its head ; and thence over the Portage road to McMahan's settlement. 
 Covert left them at Warren, and went down the Allegany. Samuel Eason 
 
^6 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 went to North-east, where he soon died. David Eason and Miniger proceeded 
 to Canadaway. McClintock arrived there about the same time, and occupied 
 his cabin in the south part of the village, near where Judge Gushing subse- 
 quently lived and died. Miniger settled a mile or more north-west from the 
 village. 
 
 None of these men were in better than moderate circumstances ; Mr. Eason 
 was quite poor ; and he and his wife entered their cabin with little else than 
 their hands. He had but $io in money, which he paid for a barrel of flour 
 brought from Canada across the lake. Upon this, with fish and wild game, 
 he relied for subsistence until he could raise vegetables, which were their 
 principal food during the first year. Seated on lands so desirable in respect 
 to fertility and location, it was natural to suppose they would have become 
 permanent settlers at Canadaway. Yet but little more than a year elapsed 
 before they all sold their lands and removed to the settlement at the Cross 
 Roads. 
 
 Canadaway, too, increased rapidly in population. We find on the Land 
 Company's books, the names of purchasers in the present town of Pomfret, 
 in 1805, Eliphalet Burnham, Zattu Cushing, Samuel Perry, Augustus Burnham. 
 In 1806, purchases were made by Philo Orton, Elijah Risley, David Cooley, 
 Jr. In 1806 and 1807 came Hezekiah Barker and Richard Williams, who 
 built a grist mill. Dr. Squire White came in 1809. Thomas Bull bought in 
 1808. Outside of Pomfret, but within a few miles of Fredonia, in the present 
 town of Sheridan, early considered as embraced in the Canadaway settlement, 
 Francis and Wm. Webber, Hazadiah Stebbins, Abner and Alanson Holmes, 
 bought in 1804. In 1805, Gerard Griswdld, Orsamus Holmes, Joel R. Lee, 
 John Walker, Wm. Gould, Jonathan Webber, and others. In 1806, Ozias 
 Hart, Justus Hinman. In 1807, Abiram Orton, in what is now Arkwright. 
 
 Portland was settled early. James Dunn, from Lycoming county, Pa., 
 came to this county in 1803. In May, 1804, he bought a large tract of land, 
 before it was surveyed into lots. His purchase amounted to nearly 1,200 
 acres. Among those who soon followed him were Benjamin Hutchins, 
 David Eaton, Nathan and Elisha Fay and Peter Kane, who purchased in 
 1806. 
 
 In Hanover, the earliest purchases were made in that part of the town 
 lying on Cattaraugus creek, and which was surveyed as " Cattataugus Vil- 
 lage." Charles Avery and Wm. G. Sydney appear on the Land Company's 
 book as purchasers in December, 1804; Amos Settle, in July, 1806; and 
 Sylvanus Maybee articled land transferred to him by Charles Avery, who 
 bought in i8o6. Abel Cleveland and David Dickinson bought where the 
 village of Silver Creek stands. The land was taken up in 1803 or 1804, and 
 the greater part of it articled to John E. Howard. The settlement appears 
 to have been slow for several years, as Mr. Howard is said to have been, in 
 1806, the only settler there. Artemas Clothier came in 1808 or 1809, and 
 Norman Spink the same year. Jehial Moore came to Forestville in 1808, 
 and built a saw-mill. In 1809, he brought his family in, and erected a grist- 
 
EARLY SETTLEMENT OF THE COUNTY. 77 
 
 mill, which he finished the next spring. The same year, Guy Webster and 
 Joseph Brownell settled in the south-east part of the town. 
 
 The earliest settlement in the south-east part of the county was made at 
 the present village of Kennedy, in the town of Poland, followed by tiie 
 settlement of a few' families in the present town of Ellicott Dr. Thomas 
 R. Kennedy, of Meadville, Pa., in 1805, commenced the erection of saw- 
 mills, chiefly for the manufacture of pine lumber to be run down by water to 
 the southern market. To these inills was subsequently added a grist-mill. 
 [For a minute description of the building and operation of these mills, see 
 historical sketch of Poland.] For several years there were few families 
 here, besides those employed in the milling business. Among them was 
 that of Edward Shillito, who boarded Kennedy's workmen. Dr. Ken- 
 nedy never moved his own family to this place. In the south-west part of 
 Poland we find, as original purchasers, in 1808, Gideon Gilson ; in 1809, 
 Stephen Hadley, John Owen and John Arthur ; in 1810, John Brown and 
 Colt and Marlin ; in 181 1, Abraham Tupper. How many of these became 
 actual settlers we have not the means of knowing. ^ 
 
 In the east part of Ellicott, at and near Levant, a settlement was com- 
 menced in 1806 by Wm. Willson, followed soon by James Culbertson and 
 George W. Fen ton. In 1807, Dr. Kennedy and Edward Work bought some 
 1,200 acres on both sides of the outlet below Dexterville ; and mills were 
 built and a settlement commenced at Worksburg, in Ellicott, nearly three 
 miles north-east from Jamestown, now known as Falconer's, a station on the 
 Dunkirk, Allegany "Valley & Pittsburgh railroad. 
 
 In the town of Chautauqua, Alexander Mclntyre appears to have been 
 the first purchaser, at the head of the lake, in r8o4. In 1806, the Prender- 
 gast families settled on the west side of the lake, where they purchased 
 several thousand acres. On the east side of the lake, Filer Sacket and 
 Peter Barnhart bought in 1805, and Miles Scofield in 1806. Further north, 
 Philo Hopson, William and Darius Dexter, and John W. Winsor, in 1809. 
 In EUery, Wm. Bemus settled at Bemus Point in 1806, and later in the same 
 year Jeremiah Griffith in the south part of the town, where a number of 
 families soon followed. Ii> Harmony, north of Ashville, Thomas Bemus 
 commenced a clearing in 1806, and in 1807 Jonathan Cheney settled. At 
 Ashville, Reuben Slayton and others settled in 1809. Josiah Carpenter and 
 several of his sons settled in 1809 and 18 10, on lands bought by him in 1808. 
 
 South of Jamestown, a settlement was commenced on the Stillwater creek, 
 •in Kiantone. Joseph Akin was the first settler there, in 1810. (?) Soon after, 
 in the vicinity of Akin's and in other parts of the town, came Solomon 
 Jones, Wm. Sears, Ebenezer Davis, Ebenezer Cheney, and William and 
 Isaac Martin. About the same time was commenced the settlement at 
 Jamestown, where, however, there were few families before the war of 181 2. 
 The foregoing are the principal settlements made prior to the organiza- 
 tion of the county in 1811. 
 
78 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 PIONEER HISTORY. 
 
 Early Dwellings. 
 
 The labors of the pioneer commence with the opening of a place in the 
 forest for the erection of a dwelling. A description of those early domiciles, 
 familiarly termed log cabins, may be interesting to readers who were bom 
 and reared in the " ceiled houses " of their fathers, and especially to their 
 descendants, who will never see a structure of this kind. 
 
 Trees of uniform size, as nearly as may be, are selected, cut into pieces of 
 the desired length, and carried or hauled to the site of the proposed building. 
 There is at each corner an expert hand with an axe to saddle and notch the 
 logs. The saddling is done by so hewing the end of the log as to give the 
 upper half the shape of the roof of a building. A notch is then cut into 
 the next log to fit the saddle,, and of such depth as to bring the logs together. 
 The usual height was one story. The gable was laid up with logs gradually 
 shortened up to the top eg- peak, giving the shape or pitch of the roof. On 
 the logs which formed these gables, were laid stout poles reaching from one 
 gable to the other, at suitable distances, to hold the covering, which con- 
 sisted of bark peeled from elm or basswood trees. The strips of bark were 
 about four feet long, and about two or three feet wide, and laid in tiers, each 
 lapping on the preceding one, after the manner of shingling. The bark was 
 kept down by a heavy pole laid across each tier, and fastened at the ends. 
 Sometimes, instead of bark, a kind of shingles was used, split from straight 
 rifted trees, and resembling undressed staves of flour or liquor barrels. These 
 were by some called shakes. They were laid about two feet to the weather. 
 They were then fastened down* by heavy poles, called weight poles, as in 
 the case of bark roofs. 
 
 At one end of the building, a square -about 8 feet in length and 5 or 6 
 feet in height is cut out, and the space filled by a stone wall laid in clay or 
 mortar for a fire-place. The chimney, resting on props made in various 
 ways, was commenced at a proper height above the hearth, very wide, to 
 correspond with the broad fire-place beneath it. It was built with split 
 sticks of timber, resembling common strip lath, but being much larger. 
 They were laid up in the manner of a cob-house, the chimney being gradu- 
 ally narrowed upward to the top, where its size was about the same as was 
 that of an ordinary brick chimney of a frame house fifty years ago. The 
 inside was plastered with clay or mud and chopped straw, the latter answering • 
 the same purpose as hair in the mortar used in plastering the inside walls of 
 a house. This " stick chimney," or " stick and clay chimney,'' was far from 
 being fire-proof. Fire would sometimes be communicated to the sticks from 
 burning soot, and alarm the family. A speedy application of water thrown 
 up plentifully inside, soon allayed all fears. 
 
 A door-way was cut through one side of the house, and split pieces for 
 door posts, sometimes called " door-cheeks," were pinned to the ends of the 
 
EARLY DWELLINGS. 79 
 
 logs with wooden pins. For the want of boards to make doors, a blanket 
 was used to close the door entrance until boards could be obtained. The 
 hinges and the latch were both made of wood. The latch was raised from 
 the outside by a string passing through the door and fastened to the latch 
 inside. The safety of the family during the night was effected by drawing in 
 the latchstring. Floors were made of split slabs, hewed on one side, and 
 were sometimes called puncheons. For a window, a hole was cut in the wall 
 large enough to admit a sash of four or ^Lx panes of 7 by 9 glass. 
 When glass could not be had, the hole was sometimes closed with paper 
 pasted over it. The interstices or cracks between the logs were filled with 
 mud or clay. The larger cracks or chinks were -partly closed with split 
 pieces of wood before the mortar was applied. 
 
 Immigrants from a great distance brought no bedsteads. A substitute was 
 made by boring holes in the walls, in a corner of the house, into which the 
 ends of poles were fitted. Three corners of the bedstead being thus fast- 
 ened to the walls, it required but a single post. It now wanted only a cord, 
 which was sometimes made of elm or basswood bark. 
 
 A view of the internal arrangements of one of these primitive dwellings 
 would be interesting to those who are unacquainted with pioneer life. 
 On entering, (supposing it to be meal time,) the smaller children are 
 seen standing or sitting around a large chest in which some of the more 
 valuable articles had been brought, and which now serves as a table ; the 
 parents and older children sitting at a table made, perhaps, of a wide 
 puncheon plank, partaking of their plain meal cooked by a log-heap fire. 
 In one corner of the room are one or two small shelves on wooden pins, 
 displaying the table ware, (when not in use,) consisting of a few teacups and 
 saucers, a few blue-edged plates, with a goodly number of pewter plates, 
 perhaps standing single, on their edges, leaning against the wall to render 
 the display of table furniture more conspicuous. Underneath this cupboard 
 are seen a few pots, a spider, and perhaps a bake-kettle. Not a sufficient 
 number of chairs — perhaps none — having been brought, the deficiency ha-s 
 been supplied with three-legged stools made of puncheon boards. Over the 
 door-way lies the indispensable rifle on two wooden hooks nailed to a log of 
 the cabin. On the walls hang divers garments of female attire made of 
 cotton and woolen fabrics, some of which had done long service before their 
 removal hither. 
 
 Log cabins were lighted in the night time in different ways. In absence 
 of candles and lamps, light was, through the winter season, emitted from the 
 fire-place, where huge logs were kept burning. A kind of substitute for 
 candles was sometimes prepared by taking a wooden rod ten or twelve 
 inches in length, wrapping around it a strip of cotton or linen cloth, and 
 covering it with tallow, pressed on with the hand. These " sluts,'' as the\' 
 were sometimes called, afforded light for several nights. Lamps were pre- 
 pared by dividing a large turnip in the middle, scraping out the inside quite 
 down to the rind, and then inserting a stick about three inches in length, in 
 
80 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 the center, so as to stand upright. A strip of linen or cotton cloth was then 
 wrapped around it ; and melted lard or deer's tallow was poured in till the 
 turnip rind was full, when the lamp was ready for use. [Lamps of this 
 description were probably very rare.] By the light of these and other rudely 
 constructed lamps, the women spun and sewed, and the men read, when 
 books could be obtained. When neither lard nor tallow could be had, the 
 large blazing fire supplied the needed light. By these great fire-places many 
 skeins of thread have been spun, many a yard of linsey woven, and many a 
 frock and pantaloons made. 
 
 Living in houses like those described, was attended with serious discom- 
 forts. A single room served the purposes of kitchen, dining-room, sitting- 
 room, bed-room and parlor. In many families were six, eight or ten 
 children, who were, with their parents, crowded into one room. In one 
 comer was the father and mother's bed, and under it the trundle-bed for the 
 smaller children. The larger ones lodged in the chamber, which they 
 entered by a ladder in another corner, and sometimes made tracks to and 
 from their beds in the snow driven through the crevices by the wind. Nor 
 did the roofs, made of barks or " shakes," protect them from rains in the 
 summer. How visitors who came to spend the night were disposed of, the 
 reader may not easily conceive. Some, as their families increased, added to 
 their houses an additional room of the same size and manner of construction 
 as the former. Such were the dwellings and condition of many of the early 
 settlers of the Holland Purchase. A few of these men still linger among us, 
 in possession of ample fortunes, and in the enjoyment of the conveniences 
 and improvements of the present age — the reward of their early privations 
 and toils. 
 
 Clearing Land. 
 
 The lands in the county were covered with a dense and heavy forest. To 
 clear the soil of its timber required an amount of hard labor of which many 
 of its present occupants have no adequate conception. Many now living on 
 the hard-earned fortunes of their pioneer fathers and grandfathers, could not 
 be induced to enter upon a similar course of labor. 
 
 The first part of the clearing, process was " underbrushing." The bushes 
 and smallest sapplings were cut down near the ground and piled in heaps. 
 The trees were then felled, their bodies cut into lengths of 1 2 to 15 feet, and 
 the brush and small limbs of the trees were thrown into heaps. After the brush 
 heaps had become thoroughly dry, they were burned. As a " good bum " 
 was desirable, a dry time was chosen. The old leaves being dry and cover- 
 ing the ground, the whole field would be burned over, and an abundant crop 
 assured. The next part of the process was " logging," or log-rolling. This 
 required the associated labor of a number of men, who would, in turn, assist 
 each other. The neighbors, on invitation, would attend with their hand- 
 spikes. These were strong poles, about six feet in length, and flattened at 
 the larger end, in order to their being more easily forced under or between 
 
WILD ANIMALS. 8 1 
 
 the logs. Logs too heavy to be carried, were drawn to the pile by a team, 
 [generally oxen,] and rolled up on the pile on skids, one end lying on the 
 ground, the other on the heap. The heaps were then burne^, and the soil 
 was ready for the seed. Most of the logging was done by " bees.'' A num- 
 ber of the neighbors would come with their teams, attended by a sufficient 
 number of extra hands ; and a whole field of several acres would be logged 
 in an afternoon. At these logging bees, as at house and barn raisings, was 
 generally a 2-gallon bottle — perhaps two — filled with whisky. Most of the 
 men were moderate drinkers ; some, however, gave indications, by their 
 many witty sayings, that they had overstepped the bounds of moderation. 
 But there were also, thus early, a few teetotal temperance men, whose incre- 
 dulity as to the magic power of strong drink as an assistant to manual labor, 
 had caused them to abandon its use. 
 
 Wild Animals. 
 
 The wild animals inhabiting this region at the time of its settlement, were 
 the deer, wolf, bear, wild cat, fox, otter, porcupine or hedge-hog, raccoon, 
 woodchuck or ground-hog, skunk, mink, muskrat, opossum, rabbit, weasel 
 and squirrel. None were much feared except the bear and the wolf The 
 former was the most dangerous ; the latter most destructive to property. 
 The bear is generally ready to attack a person ; the wolf seldom does so 
 unless impelled by hunger, or in defense. For many years it was difficult to 
 protect sheep from the ravages of the wolves. They had to be penned every 
 night. Many were destroyed, even in the day time, near the house. It is 
 the nature of the wolf to seize a sheep by the throat and suck its blood, and 
 leave the carcass as food for other carniverous animals ; provided the number 
 of sheep is sufficient thus to satisfy the hunger of their destroyers. Pigs and 
 calves also were sometimes victims to these pests of the early settlers. Per- 
 sons were followed by them to the doors of their dwellings ; and the sleep 
 of families was often disturbed during a great portion of the night by their 
 bowlings. " The noise made by these animals," as described by a citizen of 
 Stockton, " was not, as some imagine, a coarse bass growl, but a strong 
 crakely tenor. Seemingly a leader began the concert by a solo of a firm, 
 prolonged sound, when the rest would pitch in with a grand chorus of the 
 most terrible jargon of sounds, dying away at the place of beginning, as the 
 reverberations sounded over the far off hills." 
 
 To effect the destruction of these animals, bounties for their scalps were' 
 offered by the public authorities. The state offered a bounty of $20 for the 
 destruction of a full grown wolf, or half that sum for a young one ; and the 
 county gave the same bounty ; and most, if not all, of the towns gave not 
 less than $10 as a town bounty — making, in the aggregate, a bounty of $50 
 for the destruction of every full grown wolf This large bounty induced 
 hunters and trappers to devote much time to the destruction of wolves. 
 From an examination of the records by Judge Foote many years since, it was 
 found that the county paid in r8i5, $420; in 1816, $480; in 1817, $580; 
 Jf 6 
 
82 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 in 1818, $710; in i8ig, $472; and in 1820, $510. The wolves having 
 become so reduced by these large bounties, the board of supervisors peti- 
 tioned the legislature to leave the amount of bounty discretionary with the 
 board; and the petition was granted. The bounty was reduced in 1820 to 
 $5 for every full grown wolf, and for every whelp $2.50. The same bounties 
 were voted the nejct year. To what amount bounties were paid subsequently 
 to 1820, the public records do not show. In 1834, " two certificates granted 
 by justices for killing wolves were allowed, and one, being informal, was 
 rejected." The records show no later action of the board in relation to 
 bounties. 
 
 As wolves hunt in the night, when they can not be shot, most of them 
 were probably caught in traps, of which there were several kinds. One 
 kind was a small pen built of small logs or heavy poles, 6 or 7 feet high, 
 and narrowed upward. Into this pen a bait was thrown. A wolf could 
 easily enter it at the top, but was unable to get out. Another was the steel 
 trap, with jaws a foot or more in length. The clamps were notched like a 
 cross-cut saw. It resembled, in form, a common spring rat trap. Attached 
 to it was a chain with hooks, not to fasten it, but to make it difficult for the 
 wolf to drag it. Caught, as he probably would be, by a fore leg while 
 trying to paw out the bait, if the trap were made fast, he would gnaw off his 
 leg and be gone. There have been still other traps, but descriptions of 
 them will not be attempted. 
 
 The following description of a wolf hunt is from the pen of Mr. Judge L. 
 Bugbee, of Stockton : 
 
 "Perhaps no town in the county suffered so severely as Stockton. The 
 deep recesses of the Cassadaga swamp, in this town, formed for the wolf a 
 secure retreat, where, during the day time, he could quietly digest his mutton 
 of the night before. 
 
 " At length, the inhabitants became deeply exasperated, and resolved on 
 the extermination of the wolf. Meetings were held and a plan devised. 
 
 "The battle ground was selected nearly east of the fork of the Cassadaga 
 and Bear creeks. The plan of battle was a simultaneous attack upon all 
 sides of the swamp at once. On the east the line was formed on the 
 town line, between Stockton and Charlotte ; on the north by the line of 
 lots near Cooper's mill ; on the west by the Cassadaga creek, and on the 
 south by another line of lots near the Swamp road, east of the residence of 
 Abel Brunson. The ground was prepared under the supervision of Col. 
 ■Charles Haywood, of EUery, assisted by Return Tabor, Bela Todd, and 
 Royal Putnam. These lines were rendered very plain by blazing trees and 
 lopping brush. 
 
 " By previous arrangement, the forces met on the second day of October, 
 1824. The north line of attack was commanded by Gen. Leverett Barker, 
 of Fredonia, assisted by Elijah Risley and Walter Smith as lieutenants. 
 Col. Obed Edson, of Sinclairville, with Judge J. M. Edson and Joy Handy, 
 commanded the last division ; Major Asael Lyon and Gen. George T. Camp 
 on the west, and Col. Charles Haywood on the south, with Elias Clark, of 
 Ellery, as his lieutenant. These commanders all wore pistols in their belts 
 to designate their office, and were assisted by the four men as guides, who 
 
WILD ANIMALS. 83 
 
 had prepared the lines a short time before. Before going into the swamp, 
 each division had chosen its place of rendezvous : The east at Sinclairville, 
 the north at Cassadaga village, the west at Delanti, and the south at the 
 residence of Newell Putnam, Esq., in the south part of Stockton. Dr. 
 Waterman Ellsworth, of Delanti, was the captain of the men from Stockton, 
 and very active in getting up the ' hunt' 
 
 " Early in the forenoon the men were all upon the ground, forming a con- 
 tinuous line and encircling a goodly portion of the swamp. Mr. Royal 
 Putnam, who assisted in marking the lines on all sides, thinks the square was 
 full one mile and a half upon each side. The number of men on the 
 lines were sufficient to be within easy speaking distance from each other. 
 The signal for advance was ' Boaz,' being given by Gen. Barker, and as it 
 returned, the lines moved forward in splendid order, growing more compact 
 until they arrived on the battle grounds, forming a square about one mile in 
 circumference, or eighty rods on a side. No man was to fire his gun until he 
 received the pass-word from the general, and it was known that the lines 
 were closed up. The men now stood shoulder to shoulder. ' Jachin,' the 
 pass-word, quickly made its round, and the signal gun was discharged, and 
 in a moment the firing became general. After the first discharge of fire-arms 
 the deer and rabbits within the lines became frantic with fright, making the 
 rounds and seeking an opening through which to escape. One stately buck, 
 making the rounds, gallantly charged the line, by forcing his head between 
 the legs of Charles P. Young, from ESery, and carrying him several rods 
 astride his neck, then bounding away, unharmed, into the free wilderness, 
 save perhaps a few sore ribs, from the numerous punches received by the 
 muskets in the hands of the men, before they had time to reload their pieces. 
 After all the game had been dispatched that could be seen, a committee of 
 three or more was sent within the inclosure, to search under old logs and 
 fallen trees to ascertain if any game had fled to any of these places for safety. 
 Dr. Ellsworth is the only man remembered as being upon that committee. 
 
 " After the return of the committee, the men, by orders, moved towards 
 the center of the inclosure, bringing in the game, consisting of two large 
 wolves, one bear, several deer and a large number of rabbits. The men 
 were evidently disappointed in the number of wolves captured, but after 
 speeches from a number of the officers, the woods rang with their hearty 
 cheers, and they resolved for another hunt, which took place in about three 
 weeks, killing one wolf and several deer and other small game. The third 
 hunt was in May, 1825 ; but no wolves were found, and only a few deer. The 
 fourth and last hunt under this organization was in June, 1828, but like the 
 two former, caught no wolves. 
 
 " The county had offered a large bounty for the scalp of the wolf, fifty 
 dollars or upward, and by resolution. Gen. Barker, Elijah Risley and Walter 
 Smith were elected a committee to forward the scalps, and obtain the money, 
 and expend it in ammunition, provision and whisky to assist the men in 
 future hunts. From this date, wolves ceased to be troublesome in this part 
 of the county, and very soon left our borders for more secure quarters." 
 
 A hazardous encounter with a bear is thus related by J. L. Bugbee, Esq., of 
 Stockton : 
 
 " Wyman Bugbee, of Ellington, in 1815, with two of his neighbors started 
 on a deer hunt; and his dog soon discovered and attacked a bear. The 
 outcry of the dog brought the hunters to the rescue. Wyman advanced and 
 
84 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 made a pass at the bear with his axe, when Bruin, with a dexterous movement 
 with his paw, knocked the axe from his hands, dropped the dog, and with 
 his strong jaws laid hold of Wyman's leg just above the ankle. Then came 
 the 'tug of war;' and the result was, for sometime, doubtful. His com- 
 rades durst not shoot, as the position of the combatants was constantly 
 changing ; the bear still holding his grip on Bugbee's leg ; and his friends 
 undecided as to what it was best to do. Evidently, they did not wish to 
 hazard too much in the probability of becoming the chief party in the strug- 
 gle for life with this shaggy and fearful monster. However, they were con- 
 tiijually doing what they could, looking well to every dangerous position. 
 Bugbee soon gained the battle, by the aid of his jack-knife, cutting the 
 bear's throat ; but it was six months before he was able to leave his 
 house." 
 
 Among the materials of our early history, is the following account of a 
 bear eiuounter : 
 
 "In 1822, Jehiel Tiffany, returning through the woods to Jamestown, 
 treed a bear with three cubs, a short distance north of the village. He 
 came to the village and rallied several men with guns to go and kill the 
 bears. On arriving at the place, two of the cubs were spied high up in a pine 
 tree ; and John Pickard, a good marksman with a rifle, soon shot them both. 
 The other cub and the old bear not being discovered, most of the party 
 started for the village. Mr. Tiffany, Samuel Barrett, Thomas W. Harvey, 
 and John Pickard remained to watch for the missing bears. They soon 
 heard the cub in the top of a tall hemlock, the limbs of which were so dense 
 as to conceal the animal. Determined to capture it, Major Barrett climbed 
 the tree, and shook it from one of the highest limbs ; but in its fall it caught 
 another limb. From this, too, it was shaken, and again caught a limb lower 
 down. This limb being too stiff to admit of the cub's being shaken off, 
 Barrett cut the limb partly off with his jack-knife, when it lopped down, and 
 the bear fell to the ground, and was so stunned by the fall, that Gen. Harvey 
 caught it and tied its feet. 
 
 " When the cub made a noise, the old bear was heard near by in the 
 bushes. Harvey found that by biting the cub's ear, he could make it squeal. 
 This brought the old bear near, but not fully in sight. Pickard then stepped 
 off a few rods into the woods, and, while watching the bear, Harvey rallied the 
 bear by biting the cub's ear, and brought her in sight of Pickard, who sent 
 a rifle-ball into her head and neck. Pickard and Barrett, after having taken 
 out the entrails, brought her on a pole to the village, while Gen. Harvey 
 carried the cub home and tamed it." 
 
 Among the numerous instances of men's coming in contact with bears, 
 wolves, and other ravenous beasts, it is believed there is not one in which a 
 man has been killed. 
 
 Of the native animals of the forest which have disappeared, was the 
 porcupine or hedge-hog. It was nearly as large as a raccoon, had a round 
 head, and was covered all over with quills from an inch to two inches long, 
 and as hard and as sharp as a needle. It was a terror to dogs. Young 
 dogs, not knowing the consequence, would seize the animal, and get the 
 quills stuck into their mouths. It is the nature of these quills to work 
 deeper into the flesh and kill the dogs, if not extracted in season, which 
 
 * 
 
EARLY FARMING. 85 
 
 was usually done with nippers. A dog once stuck with quills would not be 
 likely again to touch a porcupine. 
 
 But while the forest was infested with noxious animak, it was of no small 
 value as a hunting ground. Deer hunting in the winter was a common busi- 
 ness. Much of the meat of deer was sometimes lost. The hunter, if alone 
 and far from home, would shoulder the more valuable part — the hams and 
 skin — and leave the rest for the wolves ; or, as was sometimes done, he would 
 hang it to a sapling or a large limb of a tree, which had perhaps been bent down 
 for the purpose, and which, springing back, would raise the meat beyond the 
 reach of the wolves. Having delivered his first load at his cabin, he would 
 return, conducted by his tracks in the snow, and bring home the remainder. 
 The opossum, the rabbit and the squirrel, were also a part of the pioneer's 
 fare. To the variety of meats enumerated, may be added several of the 
 feathered tribes, as pigeons, wild turkeys, partridges, and several others. 
 
 But the principal meat of early settlers did not long consist of game. 
 Pork and poultry were soon raised in abundance. The common fowl fur- 
 nished meat and eggs. Geese, though sometimes eaten, were raised chiefly 
 for the feathers, with which old beds were replenished and new ones filled. 
 Doubtless, many still repose on beds made by their mothers or grahdmothers 
 half a century ago. 
 
 Early Farming. 
 
 Agriculture is a term hardly applicable to pioneer farming. The imple- 
 ments used would, in this age of improvement, attract attention as great 
 curiosities. The " virgin soil," as has been observed, was ready for the seed 
 when cleared of its timber. The principal instrument of tillage for several 
 years was the triangular harrow, usually called drag. This instrument con- 
 sisted principally of two pieces of timber, (hewed, before there were mills for 
 sawing,) about five inches square and six feet long, put together in the form 
 of the letter A. The drag was sometimes made of a crotched tree, and 
 needed no framing. The teeth were nearly double the size of those now 
 used, in order to stand the severe trial they were to undergo. The drag 
 bounded along over stubs and roots and stones, drawn by oxen often driven 
 by boys. 
 
 When the roots had become sufficiently brittle to admit of the use of the 
 plow, an instrument was used which it would puzzle the young men of the 
 present day to give a name. The idea of a cast iron plow had not then been 
 conceived by the inventor. It is said to have been invented by Jethro Wood, 
 of Sclpio, Cayuga county, N. Y., about fifty years ago, though it is a much 
 less number of years since it came into general use. Late improvements in 
 the plow and the harrow, and the invention of cultivators, drills, and other 
 labor-saving implements, have wonderfully changed the aspect of farming, 
 and increased the power of production. 
 
 In harvesting, the change is not less striking. Before the decay and 
 removal of stumps permitted the use of the grain cradle, wheat was cut with 
 
86 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 the sickle, now a rare instrument. It was then a staple article of merchan- 
 dise. In the old day-books and journals of the early merchants, if they 
 could be found, und|f the names of scores of customers would be seen the 
 charge, " To i Sickle," followed, in many cases by that other charge, " To i 
 gallon Whisky," an article deemed by some as necessary in the harvesting 
 operation as the instrument itself. The cradle, which superseded the sickle, 
 is now fast giving way — in many parts of the country has already entirely 
 given place — to the reaper, an instrument then no more likely to be invented 
 than the photographic art, or the means of hourly intercourse with the inhab- 
 itants of the opposite side of the globe. Fields of wheat of one hundred 
 to five hundred acres each, are not rare in some of the Western States. Let 
 a person imagine an attempt to cut these immense fields of grain by hand- 
 fuls with the sickle, and he cannot fail to appreciate the invention of the 
 reaper. 
 
 Grain was generally threshed by the early settlers with a flail, ten to twenty 
 bushels a day. There were no fanning-mills to separate the grain from the 
 chaff. For many years the mill-peddlers did not venture so far west as 
 Chautauqua. Grain was cleaned with a fan. Neither the instrument nor 
 the operation is easily described ; nor was it probably ever nmch used here. 
 Another method was nearly as follows : A riddle [a very coarse sieve] about 
 30 inches in diameter and 5 or 6 inches deep, was filled with wheat in the 
 chaff. To " raise the wind," a linen sheet, perhaps taken from the bed, was 
 held at the corners by two men, who gave it a semi-rotary motion, or sudden 
 swing. Another man holding up and shaking the riddle with its contents, 
 the chaff was blown from the falling wheat. About ten bushels were thus 
 cleaned in half a day. When at length farmers had the means of buying 
 mills, and the roads admitted of their transportation, fanning-^mills were 
 introduced. A large portion of this county was early supplied with mills of 
 an exceMent quality, by one of its present worthy and distinguished citizens, 
 the Hon. George W. Patterson, of Westfiekl. But this once common and 
 useful article has been superseded by machines propelled by horse-power or 
 by steam. A single machine now receives the sheaves and delivers the 
 cleaned grain at the rate of from one hundred to two hundred bushels a day. 
 A reaper is in use in some of the Western states, which carries two binders, 
 who drop along its track the cut grain in sheaves bound. 
 
 In hay harvesting, also, improvements would seem to have attained perfec- 
 tion. A lad of sufficient age to drive a team can mow from fifty to one 
 hundred acres in an ordinary haying season ; and the hay may all be raked 
 during the same season by one person. 
 
 While, by the invention of the cultivator and other implements, the power 
 and facility of producing corn has been greatly increased, there has not yet 
 appeared, nor is there likely to appear, any invention that will materially 
 facilitate the process of harvesting it. The husking of corn was 'generally 
 done in the field, as at present. In those portions of the country settled by 
 the Dutch, the ears, when fully ripe, were broken from the stalk, thrown into 
 
EARLY COOKING. 8/ 
 
 heaps, and then hauled into the barn, and thrown into a long heap across 
 the barn floor, ready for a corn-husking, in which the neighbors, old and 
 young, were invited to participate on some evening. The anticipation of a 
 " good time ' secured a general attendance. A good supper, which several 
 of the neighboring women had assisted in preparing, was served at eight or 
 nine o'clock. The " old folks " would then leave, and in due time the boys 
 would gallant the girls to their homes. The recreation aflforded to the young 
 people on the yearly recurrence of these festive occasions was as highly 
 enjoyed, and quite as innocent, as most of the amusements of the present 
 boasted age of refinement. 
 
 Early Cooking. 
 
 To witness the several processes of cooking in pioneer times, would alike 
 surprise and amuse those who have grown up since cook-stoves came into 
 ■use. The first thing likely to attract notice would be the wide fire-place 
 already described. Kettles were hung over the fire to a stout pole, some- 
 times called lug pole, the ends of which were fastened into the sides of the 
 chimney at such height as not to be likely to ignite from the heat or sparks. 
 The kettles were suspended on trammels, which were pieces of iron rods 
 with a hook at each end. The uppermost one reached nearly down to the 
 fire, and with one or more shorter ones, the kettle was brought to the proper 
 height above the fire. For the want of iron, wooden hooks were sometimes 
 used for trammels. Being directly above the kettles, they were safe from fire. 
 
 The long handled frying pan was a common cooking utensil. It was held 
 over the fire by hand ; or, to save time, the end of the handle was sometimes 
 laid on the back of a chair, the pan resting on the fire, while the cook was 
 "setting the table." The pan was also used for baking short cakes. It was 
 placed in a nearly perpendicular position before the fire, leaning slightly 
 backward, with coals under or back of it to bake the under side. A more 
 convenient article was the cast iron, three legged, short handled spider which 
 was set over coals on the hearth for frying meat. Its legs were of such 
 length and so adjusted, that, when used for baking cakes or bread, being 
 turned up towards the fire, to the proper slope, handle upwards, it would 
 keep its position. An early mode of baking com bread, (cast iron ware 
 being scarce,) was to put the dough on a smooth board, about 2 feet long 
 and 8 inches wide, placed on the hearth in a slanting position before the fire. 
 When the upper side was baked, the bread was turned over for baking the 
 other side. When lard was plenty, the bread was shortened, and called 
 johnny-cake. But a better article for baking bread than either the pan or 
 spider, was the cast iron bake-kettle, in some places called " Dutch oven,'' 
 with legs and a closely fitted cover. Standing on the hearth with coals under 
 and over it, bread and biscuit were nicely baked. Bread for large families 
 was usually baked in large out-door ovens built of brick or fire-proof stones. 
 Turkeys and spare-ribs were roasted before the fire, suspended by a string, 
 a dish or pan being placed underneath to catch the drippings. 
 
88 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 Some of the inconveniences of cooking in these open fire-places will be 
 readily imagined. Women's hair was singed, their hands were blistered, 
 and their dresses, scorched. But framed houses with jamb fire-places 
 measurably relieved the pioneer house-wives. In one of the jambs was fixed 
 an iron crane, which could be drawn forward when ketdes were to be put 
 on or taken off. But the invention of cook-stoves commenced a new era 
 in cookery ; and none, most averse to innovation, have intimated a desire to 
 return to the " old way," which will hereafter be known only in history. 
 
 Fare of the Early Settlers. 
 
 Among the many hardships of pioneer life, not the least is the diflnculty 
 in procuring bread. For at least two years the settler in the woods must 
 obtain his family supplies chiefly from other sources than his own land. This 
 difficulty is enhanced by the remoteness of his residence from older settle- 
 ments, where his supplies are to be obtained. Hence, those who settled in 
 this county within the first few years, had a severer experience than those who 
 came after a surplus of grain was produced, and mills for grinding it were 
 built in the earlier settlements. 
 
 The first settlement in the county where grain was produced, was com- 
 menced at Westfield in 1802. The settlers there had to go to Erie, a distance 
 of more than thirty miles, for provisions, as we learn from the fact that 
 Edward McHenry, on his way thither for that purpose, lost his life by the 
 upsetting of his boat on Lake Erie. In the Memoir of Zattu Gushing, by 
 O. W. Johnson, Esq., we are informed that the first settlers at Canadaway, 
 [now Fredonia,] went to Niagara Falls and to Canada to get their grain 
 ground. When intending to cross Lake Erie, they started when the lake 
 was likely to be calm. Three men were required to row the boat. On one 
 occasion Judge Gushing and his companions were wrecked on the Ganada 
 shore, losing their boat and grain. As they were absent ten days, their 
 families gave them up for lost. 
 
 John Eason settled at Fredonia in 1804. All the money he had on his 
 arrival was ten dollars, which he paid for a barrel of flour procured from 
 Canada, across Lake Erie. Upon this, together with fish and wild game, he 
 chiefly relied for sustenance until he could raise vegetables, which were his 
 principal means of support during the first year. Whole families, for many 
 days, tasted not a morsel of bread, subsisting upon game and other products 
 of the forest. Leeks, with which the woods abounded, furnished, to some 
 extent, food for man and beast. The leaves, which were in some regions 
 far advanced before the disappearance of the winter snows, furnished for 
 cattle a valuable pasture ground ; and the bulbs, later in the season, were, in 
 times of scarcity, used by settlers as a substitute for common articles of 
 food. There are probably still living on the Purchase persons who have 
 eaten many a meal, consisting in great part, of cooked leeks. 
 
 Before there were mills within a convenient distance, families lived for 
 weeks on hulled wheat, and on meal from corn pounded out at home. For this 
 
HOUSEHOLD MANUFACTURES. 89 
 
 purpose, one end of a large block was scooped out, making a cavity holding 
 half a bushel or less of corn. A spring pole was fixed over the rafters, or to 
 something else of proper height. On the end of the pole- a wooden pestle 
 was suspended by a rope. It will readily be imagined that- the principal use 
 of flie pole was to assist in raising the pestle ; and that a small quantity of 
 grain was pounded at a time. The pestle was not in all cases hung to a pole, 
 but was sometimes used wholly with the hands of the operator. Probably 
 hominy-Mocks, or hominy-mills, as they were called, will never again appear in 
 any part of our country. A " corn cracker " of this kind was attached to 
 the saw-mill built by David Dickinson, an early settler at Silver Creek. 
 
 Household Manufactures. 
 
 Nearly all the clothing of the early settlers was made from cloth of home 
 manufacture. Long after the country had passed its pioneer state, the farmer's 
 house continued to be a linen and woolen factory. Where more spinning 
 was to be done than the wife could do in addition to her ordinary house-work, 
 or where the daughters were too young to help, spinsters were employed to 
 come into families to spin flax in the winter season, and wool in the summer. 
 The price usually paid these itinerant spinsters was a shilling a day, the day's 
 work ending at early bed time. Some will be surprised when told that many 
 of these women had money to show at the year's end. It was the custom, 
 to some extent, to count a certain number of " runs " as a day's work. This 
 had a tendency to accelerate the motion of the wheel, and lessen the hours 
 of labor. These small earnings would not go far toward clothing Chautauqua 
 farmers' daughters of the present generation. 
 
 The spinning exercise is one which the young women of modern times 
 have never enjoyed. The wheel used for spinning flax was called the "little 
 wheel," to distinguish it from the " big wheel," used for spinning wool. These 
 " stringed instruments " furnished the principal music of the family, and were 
 operated by our mothers and grandmothers with great skill, attained without 
 expense, and by far less practice, than is necessary for our modern dames to 
 acquire a skillful use of their elegant and costly instruments. They were 
 indispensable household articles, and were to be found in nearly every family. 
 The loom was not less necessary than the wheel. There were some houses, 
 however, in which there was none. But there were always some, who, 
 besides doing their own weaving, did some for others. 
 
 Woolen cloth was made in families. There being at first no carding 
 machines, wool was carded and made into short rolls with hand cards. These 
 rolls were spun on the " big wheel," which is still to be seen in the houses of 
 some old settlers, being occasionally used for spinning and twisting stocking 
 yam. It was turned with one hand, and with such velocity as to give it 
 sufficient momentum to enable the nimble mother, by her backward step, to 
 draw out and twist a thread of nearly the length of the cabin. The same 
 loom was used for both linen and woolen. A .cloth was sometimes made 
 called linsey, or linsey-woolsey, the warp being linen and the filling woolen. 
 
go HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 Woolen for men's outer garments was generally sent to the fuller and 
 cloth-dresser to be finished, if fulling-mills and cloth-dressing establishments 
 were within a convenient distance. Woolen flannel was also made and worn 
 by the mothers and daughters. Flannel for women's wear, after dye-stuffs 
 were to be had, were dyed such color as the wearer fancied. It was softie- 
 times a plaid made of yarn of various colors, home-dyed. To improve their 
 appearance, these flannels were sent to a cloth-dressing shop for a slight 
 dressing, which was finished by a powerful pressing between large sheets of 
 smooth pasteboard, to give them a glossy surface. 
 
 Much dyeing, too, was done in the family. Dye-woods and dye-stuffs 
 formed no small portion of a merchant's stock. Barrels of chipped Nicara- 
 gua, log-wood, and other woods, k«gs of madder, alum, copperas, vitriol, 
 indigo, etc., constituted a large part of teamsters' loading for the merchants. 
 Many remember the old dye-tub standing in the chimney corner, covered 
 with a board, and used also as a seat for children when chairs were wanted 
 for visitors, or when new supplies of furniture failed to keep pace with the 
 increase of the family. Mr. Goodrich, [Peter Parley,] describing early life 
 in his native town in Connecticut, speaks of this " institution of the dye- 
 tub," as having, " when the night had waned and the family had retired, 
 frequently become the anxious seat of tne lover, who was permitted to carry 
 on his courtship, the object of his addresses sitting demurely in the opposite 
 comer.'' We have no authority for saying that it was ever used here on such 
 occasions. 
 
 Nearly all the cloth wj)rn was " home-made." Rarely was a farmer or his 
 son seen in any other. If, occasionally, a young man appeared in a suit of 
 "boughten cloth," he was an object of envy to his rustic associates. Few, 
 except merchants, lawyers, doctors, and some village mechanics, wore cloth 
 that had not passed through the hands of the country cloth-dresser. Hence, 
 the early merchants kept small stocks of broadcloth. Cloths of the finer 
 qualities they sometimes bought in small pieces containing a certain number 
 of full patterns — one, two, or three — to avoid loss on remnants. 
 
 There were also itinerant tailoresses, who came into families to make up 
 men's and boys' winter clothing. The cutting was mostly done by the 
 village tailor, if a village was near. " Bad fits," which were jiot uncommon, 
 were generally charged to the cutter. Hence the custom of tailors, when 
 advertising, " Cutting done on short notice, and warranted to fit," to append 
 the very prudent proviso, "if properly made up." These seamstresses 
 charged for their work two shillings a day. This was thought by some a 
 little exorbitant, as the usual price of help at housework was but six shil- 
 lings a week, Sundays not excepted. 
 
 Boots and shoes also were made in many families. Farmers got the hides 
 of their slaughtered cattle tanned "on shares;'' or, if their share was judged 
 insufficient to shoe a whole family, the tanning and dressing were otherwise 
 paid for. Then there was in the neighborhood a circulating shoemaker, who 
 made his yearly autumnal circuit with his " kit." The children had a happy 
 
STORES AND TRADE. 91 
 
 time during his sojourn, which lasted one, two, or more weeks, according to 
 the number of feet to be shod. The boys who had doffed their old shoes 
 when the winter snows had scarcely disappeared, to enjoy the luxury of 
 going barefoot, were now no less joyful in the anticipation of new ones to 
 protect their feet from the frosts or early snows. 
 
 Large boys and girls, when leather was scarce and dear, have been knc^Wn 
 to go barefoot the greater part of the year. And it was not a rare thing to 
 see girls as well as boys, not of the poorer families, at the age of twelve, at 
 Sunday meetings, with feet unshod. Some made shoes for themselves and 
 their families. Boots were little worn, even by men, except in the winter 
 season. Men's boots and shoes were usually made of coarse leather, called 
 cowhide. Occasionally a young man attained tlie enviable distinction of 
 appearing in a pair of calf-skin boots, made by a skillful workman. Boots 
 and shoes for both feet were made on one last. In those days " rights and 
 lefts " were unknown. In this department of dress as in others, in respect 
 to style and cost, the past and the present exhibit a remarkable contrast. 
 
 We only add, a general revolution in household labor has taken place 
 within the last fifty years. The substitution of cotton for flax, and of the 
 various kinds of labor-saving machinery for hand-cards and spinning-wheels 
 and looms, has vastly lightened the labor of women. One of the results of 
 these improvements is the opportunity they afford for mental and intellectual 
 culture. That the mass of American women duly improve these opportuni- 
 ties, will hardly be affirmed. 
 
 Stores and Trade. 
 
 A great inconvenience incident to pioneer life, is the want of the many 
 articles essential to the comfort of a family, which the farm cannot supply. 
 Therefore, no immigrant is more welcome in a new settlement than the first 
 merchant. Fortunately, there are seldom wanting those who are ready to 
 establish a store when and where there is a population sufficient to sustain 
 one. Some of the early stores were kept in log buildings. The first stocks 
 of goods were not large ; yet they comprised most of those articles which 
 were needed by the settlers. 
 
 But the gratification of some at the advent of the early merchant, was 
 greatly moderated by their inability to purchase his wares. The inhabitants 
 generally were poor. They had expended nearly all their money in their 
 removal ; and the little they had left was wanted to buy breadstuffs and other 
 absolute necessaries. Farmers who had been here long enough to raise a 
 small surplus, obtained some money from new-comers. But the majority 
 were not so fortunate. 
 
 Goods were dear, being transported at great cost. They were principally 
 brought from Albany in wagons, a large part of the way over new and very 
 bad roads. A trip from Buffalo to Albany and back required for its perform- 
 ance three or four weeks, and sometimes even a longer time. Bet%veen Cat- 
 taraugus creek and Buffalo, the roads were for a considerable distance almost 
 
92 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 impassable. But the high price of the merchant's goods was but one-half of 
 the farmer's misfortune. While he had to pay a double price for nearly every 
 staple article of store goods, he was obliged to sell the products of his farm 
 at about one-half of their cost in labor. There are yet many living who dis- 
 tinctly recollect the condition of the country from its early settlement, and 
 the relative prices of merchandise and the products of the farm. More 
 accurate information, however, may be obtained from the books of the early 
 merchants, to which reference will be made. 
 
 The books of J. & M. Prendergast, [Jediah and Martin,] early merchants 
 at Mayville, show the prices of goods from September, 1811, to January, 
 18 1 5. They were among the earliest merchants in the county. The sur- 
 rounding country was as yet very sparsely settled ; yet their books show a 
 considerable trade, to which the Prendergast families were liberal contributors. 
 The first four sales appear to have been made to four different persons of that 
 name. The county seat and a land office having been established there, 
 Mayville was a convenient place of trade to many in remote parts of the 
 county. 
 
 On a glance at the pages of these old books, our modern clerks would 
 find, in the keeping of accounts, something of which they have no practical 
 knowledge. The old mode of reckoning was by pounds, shillings and pence. 
 And to most adults it is known that, until a comparatively late period, the 
 prices of goods per yard or pound, both in buying and selling, at wholesale 
 and retail, were given in shillings and pence. Merchants generally marked 
 their goods in this currency, and so charged them to their customers ; but 
 the aggregate cost of the number of yards or pounds of the article sold, was 
 "carried out" in dollars and cents. But in the books. alluded to, the aggre- 
 gate cost of the number of yards or pounds sold was also carried out in 
 pounds, shillings and pence, and set down in three separate columns. The 
 footing of a bill of many articles would, at the bottom of the columns, be 
 ^S 7s. pd. — 8 pounds, 7 shillings and 9 pence. Happily, this clumsy method 
 of reckoning and Ijeeping accounts has been superseded by the decimal 
 method — by dollars, cents and mills. 
 
 The prices of some articles, in shillings and pence, are here given : Wool 
 cards, 8s. a pair; spider net, 7s. 6d. a yard ; loaf sugar, 3s. a pound; calico, 
 3s. 4d. a yard; hyson tea, r4S. a pound; pins, zs. 6d. a paper; powder, 8s. 
 a pound; shot, 2S.; unbleached cotton, 2s. 7d. a yard. Farmers found it no 
 easy matter to pay for iron is. 3d. a pound ; steel, 2s. ; nails, is. yd. to 2S. 
 6d. ; paper, 3s. a quire ; skin tea, los. a pound ; nutmegs, is. each. Before 
 the close of the year, prices began to be affected by the war. In December, 
 1814, flannels were 8s. to 9s. 6d. a yard; cambric muslin, i8s.; book muslin, 
 i6s. ; factory cotton, 5s. a yard; satinet, 27s. 6d. ; nails, 2s. to 2s. 6d. ; 
 Swedes steel, 4s. a pound ; maccoboy snuff, 8s. a pound ; coffee, 5s. ; pow- 
 der, i2s. ; skin tea, 20s. ; imperial tea, 26s. ; cotton yam, 9s. ; cotton stock- 
 ings, 13s. a pair. 
 
 If medical services rose to a point corresponding to the prices of the 
 
STORES AND TRADE. 93 
 
 drugs and medicines used by the physicians, their patients would have had 
 no less cause to complain of onerous " doctors' bills " than they who are 
 now so unfortunate as to need such services. One of this mercantile firm 
 [Jediah] being himself a physician, we find a charge : " To call and puke, 
 2 oz. val. sylv., and caskarel, and epispastic," in all, ;£i 4s. Jacob Rush 
 was charged 6 oz. laudanum, 4s. oz., and 2 pukes, 2s. each, — j£i 8s. Dr. 
 Alexander Mclntyre, who, being a physician, might be expected to buy 
 medicines at a discount from ordinary retail prices, was charged as early as 
 181 2, for glauber salts, 3s. 6d. lb. ; bark, 32s. ; camomile flowers, 3s. 6d. oz. ; 
 gum Arabic, is. 6d. oz. ; opodeldoc, to ordinary customers, 5s. Whisky, 
 that staple article in those days, kept pace with other goods till it reached 
 i2s. to 14s. a gallon. But the books indicate no perceptible decrease in its 
 consumption. 
 
 The day-book of Douglass & Houghton, merchants at Cattaraugus, in 
 July, 18 1 2, exhibits prices as follows : Hyson skin tea, i6s. ; bohea tea, 8s. ; 
 calico, 6s. 6d. yd.; white flannel, los. ; tow cloth, 4s.; salt, 20s. bushel; 
 paper, 4s. qr. ; ginger, 6s. lb.; whisky, 12s. a gallon. Their store was, in 
 December, 18 12, removed to Fredonia, where we see nails charged at 2s. 6d. 
 lb. ; spelling books, 3s. a copy; Harmony cloth at 68s. [$8.50] a yard. Pins 
 were charged 4s. a paper; stockings, i6s. 6d. a pair. Broadcloth is charged, 
 May 22, 1813, to James Hale, by order of Elijah Risley, 80s. [$io] per 
 yard; and cassimere, 36s. yd ! These far exceed the war prices of 1861-65. 
 
 But our surprise at these prices will be less when we consider the cost of 
 transportation. Charles Hill and Thomas Hill returned from Albany, Sept. 
 12, 18 14, with loads of merchandise for J. & M. Prendergast, Mayville; the 
 former having brought 1635 lbs, the latter 1800 lbs., for which they were 
 allowed $6 per 100 lbs. Their expenses appear to have been $40 each; and 
 the time spent in making the trip must have been about four weeks. 
 
 In 18 1 9, freight from New York to Buffalo was $3.50 per 100 lbs. ; from 
 Buffalo to Fredonia, $1.50 — total, $5 per hundred, or $ioo per ton. With 
 the products of their farms at the prices they bore a few years later, 
 farmers could hardly have paid for store goods at the prices charged. Prices 
 of farm products had not reached the lowest point. They continued to de- 
 cline until they were scarcely sufficient to pay transportation to the nearest 
 cash market. Nor did farmers find permanent relief until after the comple- 
 tion of the Erie canal, and until adequate encouragement had been secured 
 to American manufactures. 
 
 J. & M. Prendergast established in November, 1813, a branch store in 
 EUicott, where Jamestown now stands. A part of the first day-book having 
 been torn from its cover, the earUest date that appears is Sept. 20, 1814; 
 and the business there was continued until March, 1816. The prices appear 
 to have varied but slightly from those at Mayville. In the whisky trade we 
 judge that, in the price and quantity sold, the Jamestown store surpassed 
 that of Mayville. In July, 1815, we count, on five successive pages, 69 
 separate and distinct charges for this article ; the least number on any one 
 
94 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 page being 12 ; on two of them, 15 each. During a considerable part of 
 the war time, flour stood at $12 a barrel. On the Jamestown day-book, 
 John Burgess is charged, Jan. 6, 1815, with 2 bbls. flour, at $19 bbl. ; and 
 Israel Knight previously credited by 2 bbls. flour, (probably the samp flour,) 
 at $18.65 bbl. Wm. Forbes is charged Jan., 1816, for hollow castings, 10 
 cts. lb. ; cheese 2s. ; salt, $12 bbl. Salt rose suddenly from $7 to $12 and 
 $15 ; and in November, 1814, Solomon Shepard stands credited bX the May- 
 ville store, by 2 bbls. salt at $22 per barrel ! 
 
 Considering the low prices of farm produce, and the difficulty of con- 
 verting it into cash, we can hardly imagine how either the settlers could buy 
 the merchants' goods, or how the merchants could sell enough to keep up 
 their establishments. Immigration having nearly ceased, the market formerly 
 furnished by new-comers no longer existed. Grain bore prices merely nomi- 
 nal. Wheat, at times, could not be sold at the farmer's barn for more in 
 cash than the cost of transportation to the nearest cash market. Cases are 
 known in which loads of com have been taken to Dunkirk, twenty miles, 
 over woods roads, and sold for 12^ cents a bushel to realize the money to 
 pay taxes — the round trip taking two days. Wheat was taken to the same 
 market and sold for 37^ cents. Maple sugar, at 4, 5, or 6 cents a pound, 
 was exchanged for goods; butter at 6 to 8 cents; oats, lo to 12 cents; 
 other kind of grain in about the same proportion. Dressed pork sold for 
 about 2 OT 2)4 cents a pound. No wonder that, with hard labor and rigid 
 economy, the settlers were slow in paying for their lands. Indeed, it would 
 seem almost impossible, under such adverse circumstances, to avoid extreme 
 suffering. Yet the various kinds of business were more or less successfully 
 pursued. How this was done, will appear from the nature of trade, which 
 will be the subject of succeeding pages. 
 
 Ashes were for many years the most important article of trade, being 
 almost the only one which could be readily turned into cash. For some 
 purposes money must be had. Certain articles or merchandise could not be 
 got in exchange for grain, or on credit. Taxes could not be paid in kind ; 
 and to raise " tax-money," farmers were sometimes obliged to sell grain and 
 other products of their farms for prices which scarcely paid for their trans- 
 portation to market. Ashes afforded material relief Many a settler who 
 had a large surplus of grain which he was unwilling to sell at the ruinously 
 low prices offered, cut and burned timber for the ashes from which to get 
 money to pay taxes and for other necessary uses. These ashes, and those 
 from burned log heaps, were sometimes drawn several miles over rough roads, 
 and exchanged for goods, or at a reduced price for cash, if cash must be had. 
 The price was 5, 6, or 8 cents, according to quality, as ashes from old and 
 partially decayed timber, or having an admixture of the soil, which was some- 
 times scraped up with them, were of little value. Hence it is seen that an 
 ashery was a necessary appendage to a store in a new settlement. The lye 
 of the ashes was boiled down to a proper consistency and red heat, resembling 
 molten iron in a furnace, and dipped into smaller kettles holding several 
 
STORES AND TRADE. • 95 
 
 pailfuls, and left to cool, when it was emptied out of the kettle in a single 
 lump, solid as a stone. It was then broken and put into strong barrels, ready 
 for transportation to market. 
 
 But raw ashes not admitting of transportation a great distance, it was 
 necessary to concentrate their virtue into smaller bulk. The lye was boiled 
 down to the consistence of thick mortar, and was called black salts, being of 
 a dark color, and converted into pearl ashes. Hence the necessity of a pearl 
 ashery also. The salts were thrown into a large brick oven, 6 or 8 feet in 
 diameter, and baked, or rather burned, being brought almost to a red heat. 
 When cool, the color had been changed to a pearly white. Always com- 
 manding cash in every market, merchants having pearl asheries would readily 
 pay cash for black salts. Pot and pearl ashes, containing great value in 
 small weight and bulk, would bear transportation to the most distant markets. 
 They were generally sent to New York and Montreal, and thence a large 
 portion of them was shipped across the Atlantic. 
 
 Before there were stores and pearl asheries in the southern and south- 
 western towns of the county, black salts were principally bought by the mer- 
 chants in the lake shore towns. Many had no wagons on which to carry 
 them ; nor did the roads admit of their being carried on wagons all the way 
 from the back settlements. A more simple vehicle was used. From a small 
 tree was taken a piece having at one end two prongs. The single end was 
 put into the ring of the ox-yoke, the other resting on the ground. Acros.s 
 the prongs the trough containing the salts was placed, and kept from sliding 
 backward by a long wooden pin set perpendicularly in each prong. On car- 
 riages of this description were many tons of this valuable product of the 
 forest yearly conveyed to market. Sometimes the oxen were simply hitched 
 by a chain to the fore end of the trough containing the salts, the bottom of 
 which had been flattened, and the end hewed away from the under side to 
 fit it, like a sled runner, for sliding over the rough ground. 
 
 To facihtate the collection of debts, merchants, after cattle had become 
 plenty, sometimes received cattle in payment from their customers, and drove 
 them to eastern markets, or sold them to drovers from the East. Cattle were 
 then cheap. A pair of good working oxen could be bought for about $50 ; 
 steers, three years old, for $15 a head; two years old, for about $10. Pork 
 also was taken on account at prices which contrast strikingly with the present. 
 Well fatted pork, dressed, was sold for $2, or $2.50, per 100 pounds. 
 
 Of the quantity and value of the products of the forest timber, a pretty 
 correct idea may be formed from the following statements of the manufacture 
 of pot and pearl ashes by a few of the merchants of this county. The most 
 minute and accurate statement from any source is that of Albert H. Camp, 
 Forestville, prefaced thus . 
 
 " Statement of pearl and pot ashes sent to Montreal and New York 
 markets, or sold at Buffalo, by Albert H. Camp on his own account, or on 
 account of the finns of which he was a partner at Forestville, Chautauqua 
 county, N. Y., from May i, 1820, to Sept. i, 1850." 
 
96 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 The number of barrels sold from 1820 to 1836, inclusive, was 2830. The 
 price per cwt. of ii2lbs. varied from $4.25 to $8, averaging about $6. These 
 appear to have been all, or nearly all, pearls. The timber having princi- 
 pally disappeared, the statement shows the annual sales to have decreased 
 from 289 barrels, the greatest quantity sold in any year, to 40 barrels, in 
 1836. During this period the price paid for black salts, from which pearls 
 are made, was from $2 to $3.50 per cwt. of ii2lbs. From 1837 to 1850, 
 inclusive, the amount was 648 barrels, nearly all pots made of house ashes, 
 for which 12^ cents per bushel were paid, if delivered, or to cents, if hauled 
 by the merchants themselves. With the year 1850, the business ceased. 
 
 George T. Camp, brother of Albert H. Camp, was a merchant for several 
 years at Mayville, before he moved his business to Westfield. While at the 
 former place, he paid in a single week $1200 for black salts; and for some 
 time averaged $800 to $1000 a week. The price was between $2 and $3 
 per hundred. This was about the years 1829 and 1830. From the fact 
 that there were at that time many asheries in the county, we have some idea 
 of the amount of money paid to settlers for the products of their otherwise 
 valueless timber. 
 
 Alvin Plumb, an early merchant in Jamestown, and afterward at Mayville, 
 furnishes the following statement : 
 
 " Before the completion of the Erie canal, Montreal was the market for 
 ashes, which, with lumber from the south-eastern towns, constituted nearly all 
 the products of exportation from the county. I was engaged in the manu- 
 facture of pearl ashes at Jamestown for several years, from 1824, and at 
 Mayville from 1825. The quantity produced at the former place in the best 
 years of the trade was some 50 tons, and at the latter place about 100 tons. 
 I also bought largely from other merchants in that trade, in the years 1825 
 and 1826. The quantity manufactured and purchased at these places was 
 about 500 tons, the most of which was sent from Barcelona Harbor." 
 
 Daniel Williams, now and for many years a resident of Ashville, states 
 that, at an early period of the settlement of the county, [1819,] he com- 
 menced manufacturing pot and pearl ashes, at Westfield, where he worked 
 at the business for four or five years, for Alvin Williams and Budlong & Bab- 
 cock. During the first three years there was made about r ton per week — 
 or about 156 tons in three years. The best salts averaged in price about 
 $2.50 per cwt. of ii2lbs. The price of the pearl ashes in the eastern cities 
 was from $5 to $7 per cwt. During the last two years he worked in West- 
 field, there were made about 2 tons per week — about 200 tons in the two 
 years in both asheries. On his removal to Ashville — the place being so 
 named from the extensive manufacture of ashes in that section of the county 
 — there were three asheries there, which were run for several years, and at 
 which were made from 100 to 150 tons a year. The salts bought at the 
 latter part of this period cost $2.50 to $3 per cwt. Many, unable to sell the 
 products of their farms for cash, were obliged to cut down and bum green 
 timber, and make salts of lye, which alone could be sold for money. 
 
 Walter Smith, more extensively engaged in the manufacture and the 
 
NATURE OF TRADE. 97 
 
 purchase and sale of ashes than any other merchant in the county, has fur- 
 nished the following : 
 
 " The sales of our pot and pearl ashes, during the six years' trade in Fre- 
 donia, varied in different years, both in quantity and price. The smallest 
 amount sold was $20,000 ; the largest, $45,000. These pot and pearl ashes 
 were shipped to Montreal for market until the Erie canal was finished. 
 They were taken by vessel to Black Rock ; by open boat to Schlosser ; by 
 ox-teams to Lewiston ; by vessel to Cape Vincent ; thence by batteaux down 
 the St. Lawrence to Montreal. John R. Coney had an ashery in Portland ; 
 Brockway in Ripley ; Alvin Williams in Westfield, and afterwards at Ash- 
 
 ville, where he continued business ; Guy Webster in Hanover ; and 
 
 in Perrysburgh, Cattaraugus county. All these bought goods of me, 
 
 and sold me their pot and pearl ashes, or had me send them to Montreal ; 
 and I accounted to them for the net proceeds, and paid them the balance 
 due them in money. Harriot & McGunnigle, of Mayville, were large manu- 
 facturers ; also Wm. Holbrook,. Holbrook & Camp, and Camp & Colville, 
 at Forestville. I think three-fourths of all the ashes from Chautauqua county 
 were shipped by me the first six years. After that, the manufacture dimin- 
 ished rapidly." 
 
 Although this product of the forest always commanded cash, or could be 
 turned into cash, its 'price, like the prices of other articles, was affected by 
 the law of supply and demand. Hence, the producers were not always 
 adequately compensated ; and the manufacturers and dealers, who were 
 generally merchants, were sometimes subjected to heavy losses. Such, 
 especially, was the case in 1823. The Erie canal being not yet finished, the 
 ashes from this part of the state were chiefly sent to the Montreal market. 
 The Fredonia Censor, of July 30, announces "bad news for dealers in ashes,'' 
 and states, that accounts from Montreal were so discouraging, that dealers 
 almost despaired of obtaining fair prices. Pots were down to $128 per ton ; 
 pearls about the same price. The price of black salts, which had been in 
 the spring $4 per cwt., had fallen to $2.25. The high prices in the English 
 market had induced the merchants to engage deeply in this business, some 
 of whom had, by this sudden depression, become heavy losers. It was stated 
 upon good authority, that more ashes were manufactured in this county than 
 in any other along the shores of Lake Erie ; and that the high price given 
 for black salts had been the means of clearing much new land, as the price 
 of that article had amply paid for clearing. 
 
 Nature of Trade. 
 
 From what has been said in preceding pages, the reader will readily infer 
 that trade was greatly restricted by the scarcity of the usual circulating 
 medium. Few goods were sold for cash. Business was done on the credit 
 and barter system, not only by and with merchants, but between the people. 
 Notes were made payable in grain, lumber, cattle and other commodities, 
 and sometimes contained the stipulation, " at cash price." Almost every 
 country product, as well as some store goods, had a cash and a barter or a 
 credit price. It was, however, not always easy to ascertain the cash price. 
 . 7 
 
98 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 Merchants often suffered great loss by this system of trade. Notwithstand- 
 ing the high percentage charged as profits on their goods, losses by bad 
 debts, and losses on grain and other commodities, which it was almost impos- 
 sible to sell for cash, rendered the mercantile business an unsafe one. 
 
 Most of the business of the county was for many years done in the 
 northern or lake towns, which were first settled, and possessed superior com- 
 mercial advantages. Maple sugar, long an important article of trade, came 
 in large quantities from the southern towns. The inhabitants generally sup- 
 plying themselves, the price is said to have been at times as low as four or 
 five cents a pound. Brown sugars from the South were rarely seen in the 
 early country stores. Almost the only sugar brought from New York was 
 the white refined sugar, put up in hard, tall, solid loaves of a conical form, 
 and called "loaf" or " lump sugar," and was wrapped in strong and coarse 
 paper. It was sold chiefly for sweetening medicines and the liquors of tavern- 
 keepers, who bought it in large quantities. 
 
 Division of Business. 
 
 The early stores presented, in sundsy particulars, a striking contrast to 
 those of the present day. As the population increased, a greater number 
 and variety of articles were kept in the stores. After printing ofiices were 
 established within a convenient distance, the merchants advertised their 
 stocks in the papers and in posters, in flaming display letters, enumerating 
 the various kinds of goods kept for sale; as "dry goods, groceries, crockery 
 and glassware, hardware, dye woods and dye stuffs, iron and nails, paints, 
 oil, window glass, school books and stationery, rum, brandy, gin and whisky;" 
 to which was sometimes added, drugs and medicines, ending with a string of 
 et ceteras, or " with other articles too numerous to mention." 
 
 The natural result of the increase of population and trade, is the division 
 of business. For a long time, in a newly settled country, merchants keep 
 goods of all kinds likely to be wanted by their customers. Silks and iron, 
 laces and fish, pins and crow-bars, pork and molasses, tea and tar, cotton 
 yam and log chains, were all to be had at the same store. In process of 
 time, stores were established for the sale of but one, or a very few kinds of 
 goods, as hardware stores, drug stores, bookstores, etc. Where the first of 
 these stores was commenced, has not been ascertained ; but we find Dr. 
 Hazeltine informing his friends, through a Jamestown paper, as early as 
 August, 1826, that he had "just received from New York a small, but general 
 assortment of drugs and medicines." About a year and a half later, Dr. E. 
 T. Foote announces the receipt, at his " Apothecary Store," a general assort- 
 ment of not drugs and medicines only, but of " Patent medicines, oils, 
 paints, dye-stuffs, surgical instruments," those articles which compose the 
 stock of a modem dmg store. Russell D. Shaw soon follows with the 
 advertisement of a similar stock with the addition of groceries. And in 
 1834, N. L. Sears enumerates books and stationery among the articles in his 
 dmg store. 
 
REFLECTIONS ON PIONEER LIFE. 99 
 
 In July, 1831, Adolphus Fletcher, publisher of the Jamestown Journal, 
 announces the receipt of " a general assortment of books and stationery" in 
 a room adjoining the yt^ar^za/ printing office. This appears to have been an 
 establishment for the exclusive sale of those articles which constitute the 
 stock of a modern bookseller. In reading the list of standard school books 
 and the various articles of stationery, we are reminded of the almost total 
 revolution that has taken place, in regard to the books and other articles used. 
 In a long list of school books advertised, there is not one which has not been 
 superseded by modern authors. In the line of stationery were wafers, ink- 
 powder, sand-boxes, letter stamps, round rulers, quills — all of which have 
 become nearly obsolete. By the invention of gummed envelopes, wafers 
 have come into disuse in letter writing. Ink-powder is no longer to be 
 found in the stores. As if by common consent, the people pay from 400 to 
 800 per cent, more for ink than was done when a "York shilling,'' or, after- 
 wards, a dime was paid for a paper of Maynard & Noyes' powder, which 
 made a full pint of the best quality of ink. Sand-boxes have been displaced 
 by the superior article of blotting paper. Letter stamps have taken their 
 departure with wafers. But the most valuable change is in the substitution 
 of metallic for quill pens. 
 
 Under date of August 23, 1831, Lakin & Haven gave notice, in a James- 
 town paper, that they "have opened a hardware store, in the new building 
 on Second street.'' They occupy the greater part of a column in the enum- 
 eration of articles " s«t solid," and without a single display line. Although 
 the list is long enough to do honor to any city house, these articles are said 
 only to be " among their goods," intimating that the greater portion of them 
 were not included in the enumeration. Even the smaller villages now have 
 stores limited to a single branch of trade. 
 
 REFLECTIONS ON PIONEER LIFE. 
 
 The history of pioneer life generally presents only the. dark side of the 
 picture. The toils and privations of the early settlers were not a series of 
 unmitigated sufferings. The addition of each new acre to their " clearings " 
 brought with it fresh enjoyment, and cheered them on in the pursuit of their 
 ultimate object, an unincumbered and a happy home. They were happy 
 also in their fraternal feelings; or, as one expressed it, " the feeling of brother- 
 hood — the disposition to help one another /' or, in the language of another, 
 " Society was uncultivated ; yet the people were very (riendly to each other, 
 quite as much so as relatives are at the present day." 
 
 We could now hardly endure the thought of exchanging our comfortable 
 and splendid carriages for the rude ones of our fathers and grandfathers, 
 which served the various purposes of visiting, and of going to mill and to 
 meeting ; yet who doubts that families had a " good time " when they made 
 
100 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 a visit to a ." neighbor " at a distance of several miles, through the woods, on 
 an ox-sled ? Our mothers were clad in homespun of their own make ; and 
 not a few remember the " glad surprise," when fathers, on their return from 
 market, presented their faithful help-meets with a six yards calico dress 
 pattern for Sunday wear. And it is presumed the wearer was in quite as 
 devotional a frame of mind, and enjoyed Sabbath exercises quite as well, as 
 she who now flaunts her gorgeously trimmed silk of fifteen or twenty yards, 
 made up in a style transforming the wearer into " the likeness '' of something 
 never before seen or known "above," or "on the earth beneath," and altered 
 with every change of moon. 
 
 People were happy in their families. The boys, having labored hard dur- 
 ing the day, sought rest an early hour. Parents had the pleasure of seeing 
 their sons acquiring habits of industry and frugality — a sure prognostic of 
 success in life. The "higher civilization" had not yet introduced — 
 
 " In every country village, where 
 Ten chimney smokes perfume the air," 
 
 those popular modem institutions, the saloon and the billiard-room, in which 
 so many youth now receive their principal training. Fewer parents spent 
 sleepless nights in anxious thought about their " prodigal sons," or had their 
 slumbers broken by the noisy entrance of these sons on returning from their 
 midnight revels. They saw no clouds rising to dim the prospect of a happy 
 future to their children. Never were wives and mothers more cheerful than 
 when, like the virtuous woman described by Solomon, " they laid their 
 hands to the spindle, and their hands held the distaff;" or when, with their 
 knitting work or sewing, and baby, too, they went — unbidden, as the custom 
 was — to spend an afternoon with their "neighbor women," by whom they 
 were received with a hearty, unceremonious welcome. The " latch-string 
 was out " at all times ; and even the formality of knocking was, by the more 
 intimate neighbors, dispensed with. , 
 
 Nor did they lack topics of conversation at these visits. Prominent 
 among them were their domestic affairs — their manifold industrial enter- 
 prises and labors — and the anticipated reward of their privations and toils. 
 Their conversation, some may suppose, evinced no high degree of intellect- 
 ual culture ; yet, as an indication of such culture, surely it would not suffer 
 in comparison with the gossip of many of our modem educated ladies at their 
 social gatherings. 
 
 The following extract from a letter, from the pen of a pioneer mother in 
 another county, and published in 3, county paper, may he read with interest 
 by some : 
 
 " The country around us was an entire wildemess, with here and there a 
 small cabin, containing a small family. We were nearly all new beginners ; 
 and although we had to work almost day and night, we were not discouraged. 
 There were many and serious trials in the beginning of this country, with those 
 who settled amid the heavy timber, having nothing to depend upon for a 
 living but their own industry. Such was our situation. However, we were 
 
REFLECTIONS ON PIONEER LIFE. lOI 
 
 blest with health and strength, and were able to accomplish all that was nec- 
 essary to be done. Our husbands cleared the ground, and assisted each 
 other in rolling the logs. We often went with them on these occasions, to 
 assist in the way of cooking for the hands. 
 
 "We had first-rate times, just such as hard-laboring men and women can 
 appreciate. We were not what would now be called fashionable cooks ; we 
 had no pound cakes, preserves, or jellies ; but the substantial, prepared in 
 plain, old-fashioned style. This is one reason why we were blessed with health : 
 we had none of your dainties, knick-knacks, and ' fixings ' that are worse 
 than nothing. There are many diseases that we had never, even heard of 
 thirty or forty years ago, such as dyspepsia, neuralgia, and many others too 
 tedious to mention. It was not fashionable then to be weakly. We could 
 take our spinning-wheels and walk two miles to a spinning frolic, do our 
 da/s work, and after a first-rate supper, join in some, innocent amusement for 
 the evening. We did not take particular pains to keep our hands white; we 
 knew they were made to use for our advantage; therefore, we never thought 
 of having hands just to look at. Each settler had to go and assist his neigh- 
 bors ten or fifteen days, in order to get help in return in log-rolling time ; 
 this was the only way to get assistance. 
 
 " I have thought proper to mention these matters, that people now may 
 know what the first settlers had to undergo. We, however, did not complain 
 half as much as people do now. Our diet was plain; our clothing we manu- 
 factured ourselves ; we lived independent, and were all on an equality. I 
 look back on those by-gone days with great interest. How the scene has 
 changed ! Children of these same pioneers know nothing of hardship ; they 
 are spoiled by indulgence, and are generally planning ways and means to live 
 without work." 
 
 It is, indeed, to many who have been brought up in the "lap of ease,'' not 
 a little surprising, that a wife and mother should do the, house-work of a 
 family in which were six, eight, or more children, and occasionally some 
 hired men, without hired help. Yet such instances were not uncommon. 
 
 The reader of family sketches in a succeeding part of this history, will not 
 fail to notice the contrast between the pioneer settlers and their descendants 
 in another T^zx'ixc.vXzx— fecundity. The former, with comparatively few excep- 
 tions, fulfilled the duty enjoined upon the original progenitors of the race, to 
 "multiply and replenish the earth;" an injunction which the present genera- 
 tion seem to think more "honored in the breach than in the observance." 
 At the present rate of the increase of our native population, who can tell the 
 number of generations necessary' to "replenish" our vast national territory? 
 In writing out genealogical sketches of pioneer families, which, in not a few 
 instances, show a product, if not of " thirty," at least of ten to fifteen fold, 
 we have oftpn been reminded of what we read more than half a century ago, 
 in the history of some eastern country, where it was a part of the marriage 
 ceremony to sprinkle upon the head of the bride a handful of hops, and to 
 accompany the act with the expression of a wish that she might be "as fruitful 
 as the hop vine." As to the cause of this modem degeneracy, we forbear to 
 express an opinion. To those who desire light on this subject, we commend 
 Rev. Dr. John Todd's little book, entitled " A Serpent in the Dove's Nest." 
 
I02 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 EDUCATION— EARLY SCHOOLS. 
 
 Though struggling under the pressure of privation and poverty, the settlers 
 made early provision for the education of their children. So important an 
 object they would not defer until they could build more comely and con- 
 venient school-houses ; they were content, for a time, with such as corre- 
 sponded to their rude dwellings. The first school-houses were built of 
 logs, with fire-qjlaces and chimneys like those of log dwelling-houses, and 
 were roofed in the same manner. . Many still remember those houses, in 
 which they received their limited education — the ill-chinked walls, the large 
 open fire-place filled with a huge pile of logs, in the vain attempt to make a 
 comfortable place for study. 
 
 Benches were made of split slabs, hewed, and raised so high as to keep 
 the scholars' feet swinging several inches above the floor. After there were 
 saw-mills, benches were made of sawed slabs. The writing-desk was a slab 
 or board extending along the whole length of one of the walls, fastened on 
 long pins driven into auger holes in the logs, and slanting downward from 
 the wall. Above the writing-table, holes for windows were cut through the 
 wall, and filled with four or six lighted window sashes. For the want of sash 
 and glass, the window openings were temporarily covered with old papers, 
 greased with lard, for window-lights. 
 
 Schools were not then regulated by law. Persons could not be compelled 
 to pay for building school-houses and for the services of teachers. These were 
 done voluntarily by the persons interested. They mutually agreed to contrib- 
 ute labor or money toward the building of a school-house — chiefly labor, as 
 little money was needed to build a log-house. Teachers were paid by those 
 only who sent children to school. A subscription paper, stating the price of 
 tuition per scholar for the term proposed, was circulated, and each person 
 affixed to his name the number of scholars he would send. If a sufficient 
 number were obtained, the school would commence. Teachers were some- 
 times, wholly or in part, paid in produce, many of their employers being 
 unable to pay in money. To such it was an object to employ teachers having 
 families to consume the products of the farm. 
 
 The course of instruction embraced but the few more primary branches. 
 Spelling, reading, writing, and common arithmetic, constituted for several 
 years the entire course. The school books used were Webster's Spelling 
 Book, one or two reading books, and an arithmetic. A grammar, a geogra- 
 phy or an atlas, the scholars had never seen. But many teachets were not 
 qualified to teach even these few branches successfully. Only the simpler 
 parts of arithmetic were taught by most teachers, especially in the summer 
 term. The mathematical ambition of many pupils was satisfied when they 
 could " cypher" to the end of the " Single Rule of Three," which, in that 
 old popular work, " DaboU's Arithmetic," then in general use, preceded 
 " Fractions," as it did in other old arithmetics. Nor did some parents think 
 
EARLY SCHOOLS. IO3 
 
 a higher attainment in this branch necessary for their sons, unless it were the 
 knowledge of computing interest, which some of them might, at some time 
 in their lives, have occasion to practice. Even after the enactment of the 
 school laws requiring the examination of teachers, and a certificate from a 
 board of inspectors pronouncing them " well qualified to teach a common 
 school," most of them were very deficient in the " learning and ability" in- 
 tended to be secured by the law. A knowledge of grammar was for many 
 years not insisted on by the inspectors, and for the reason that, if it had 
 been, there would not have been a sufficient number of teachers to supply 
 all the schools. And so in respect to geography and other branches now 
 considered indispensable. 
 
 The manner of teaching and conducting a school was also defective. Writ- 
 ing, in many schools, was not required to be done at any fixed hour, nor by 
 all at the same time. Children could not make their own pens — none but 
 goose-quill pens being used — nor, indeed, were teachers generally competent 
 to do it properly. These pens needed to be frequently mended. To make 
 and mend the pens and "set copies" for ten or twenty pupils, took no small 
 portion of a teacher's time, and was often done during reading and other 
 exercises, in which the worst mistakes escaped the observation of the teacher. 
 To avoid this, some teachers did this work before or after school hours. 
 The introduction of the metallic pen and the printed copy-book is a valua- 
 ble improvement, saving much of the teacher's time, and furnishing the 
 pupils with good and uniform copies. 
 
 The black-board had not been invented ; or, if it had been, it was unknown 
 in rural districts. Scholars were not taught arithmetic in classes. They got 
 the attention of the teacher as they could. Voices from all quarters, asking 
 for help " to do this sum," for permission to " go out," to " go and drink," 
 and to "go to the fire,'' questions which, in many schools, were, to use a 
 parliamentary phrase, " always in order ;" and the teacher going about the 
 room to "help" scholars at their seats; all these, and other things that 
 might be mentioned, kept the school-room in a continual bustle. Not all 
 schools, however, were thus conducted. In many of them order and good 
 management prevailed ; and many of our most intelligent citizens and most 
 practical and successful business men, were graduated at these institutions. 
 
 A citizen of the town of Stockton gives the following description of the 
 school-house and school in which he " learned his ABC, and graduated in 
 Webster's Spelling Book as far as ' Crucifix :'" 
 
 " This school-house was about 20 by 24, and about 7 feet between the 
 floors. A large Dutch fire-place was in the north end. There were thiee 
 nine-lighted windows of the smallest pattern ; desks or writing tables against 
 the walls, and pine slab seats with wooden legs. The furniture consisted of 
 a plain cross-legged table, a splint-bottom chair, and a pine log about two 
 feet in diameter and one foot high, called a 'dunce block,' and a pair of 
 leather spectacles. It is presumable that the last two articles were con- 
 tributed by the teacher, and hence omitted when not thought necessary for 
 the good of the school. 
 
I04 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 " A word of explanation may be necessary to show the use of the dunce 
 block and the leather spectacles, as these appliances have become nearly or 
 quite obsolete. The scholar who failed to get his lesson perfectly, was pretty 
 sure to mount the block with the spectacles across his nose ; and as odd and 
 droll as he looked, with his eyes through the leather belt, no one would dare 
 to laugh, for fear of taking the same place, with perhaps an additional 
 ' switching ' about the back, by those ominous looking beechep whips care- 
 fully stored in a crack in the floor overhead. Young men and women 
 fi-equently mounted this dreadful block, who were too tall to stand erect, 
 because their heads would come in contact with the ceiling above. This 
 would occasionally bring a suppressed titter from the other scholars ; but a 
 blow with the great whip in the hand of the teacher would restore gravity, 
 and make us all feel thankful that it was the table, and not our backs, that 
 received the beating." 
 
 There were, however, some good schools then ; and there are many poor 
 ones still ; yet a comparison of the schools of the present time with those of 
 fifty years ago, shows a vast improvement. Perhaps the most salutary pro- 
 vision in the school laws of our country, is that which brings the advantages of 
 a sound and practical education within the reach of all classes of its citizens. 
 
 Prior to the year 1813 or 181 4, little provision was made by the state for 
 the education of its children. The poorest people had to pay wholly for the 
 tuition of their children, or keep them out of school. This misfortune was 
 in part remedied by providing a school fund, which consisted of lands and 
 other property of the state, the income of which was annually distributed 
 amongst the school districts to be applied to the payment of teachers' wages. 
 The first money thus distributed in this county was in the year 1814. This 
 fund was many years afterward largely increased on this wise: In 1836, 
 Congress passed an act authorizing the distribution, among the states, of 
 many millions of dollars which had accrued from imposts and sales of public 
 lands. Propositions for distribution had been several times defeated on the 
 ground of its supposed unconstitutionality. To avoid this objection, it was 
 proposed that, instead of giving this money to the states, it should be " de- 
 posited with " the states, until the general government should call for it. It 
 was to be deposited in four annual installments ; three of which had been 
 deposited, when, in 1838, it being supposed that the government would have 
 occasion to use a part of the money, an act was passed to postpone the pay- 
 ment of the fourth installment. About $28,000,000 had been deposited 
 with the states. The quota of the state of New York was about $3,500,000. 
 No portion of the sum deposited has ever been called for; nor was it supposed 
 by many that it ever would be. 
 
 \-n 1838, by an act of our state legislature, the income of the United States 
 deposit fund, as this money was called, was to be appropriated " to the 
 purposes of education." For three years, $55,000 was to be expended 
 annually for the purchase of district libraries. The remainder was principally 
 paid toward the teachers' wages. If the public moneys were insufficient for 
 this purpose, the deficiency was supplied by a rate bill. 
 
 By the first school law, a sum was to be raised by a tax on the inhabitants 
 
RELIGIOUS HISTORY. I05 
 
 of every town equal to the sum received from the state funds ; in default of 
 which, their claim to the public money was forfeited ; and by a vote at town- 
 meeting, double the amount might be raised in the town. The districts were 
 also required to have a school kept at least four months, [now six months,] 
 to entitle them to a share of the public money. 
 
 RELIGIOUS HISTORY. 
 
 The establishment of the institutions of religion in the new settlements 
 of this county, is a prominent feature in its history. Reared under the 
 influence of these institutions, and imbued with the sentiment declared by 
 the founders of our republic, that " true religion and good morals are the 
 only solid foundations of public liberty," the settlers, like the " Pilgrim 
 Fathers,'' planted churches at the earliest practicable period. 
 
 The people of Western New York, as well as those of the new states 
 generally, were chiefly supplied by the missionary societies of New England 
 and other religious organizations. The tide of emigration to the West was 
 followed up by missionaries, carrying the gospel of peace to the destitute 
 pioneer settlements, enduring, with the people, for the Master's sake, the 
 hardships and sacrifices incident to such a condition of the country. There 
 is probably not a town in this county whose early inhabitants were not 
 indebted to these self-denying laborers for the religious instruction of their 
 families. We say self-denying ; because the pittance they received for their 
 services — their toilsome travels, their coarse fare, and the manifold discom- 
 forts they experienced in rude, unfurnished dwellings — forbids the idea that 
 they were actuated by mere mercenary motives. Some of them possessed 
 talents which, if employed in other pursuits, would have elevated them to 
 distinction and affluence. And it can scarcely be doubted that the health- 
 ful influence of their " preaching in the wilderness" did not cease with the 
 generation to which they ministered. 
 
 Perhaps no other minister labored so early and so long in the missionary 
 service in this county as the Rev. John Spencer, familiarly known as " Father 
 Spencer." He had been a deacon in the Congregational church in Worces- 
 ter, Otsego county ; and with only such learning as an ordinary school edu- 
 cation and his own reading and observation afforded, he entered the ministry. 
 He was employed as a missionary on the Holland Purchase by the Connec- 
 ticut Missionary Society ; and his labors were highly useful in forming and 
 sustaining churches. He preached in the new settlements when his congre- 
 gations consisted of but two or three families, and sometimes, it is said, 
 of but one; thus literally "preaching from house to house." 
 
 All, or nearly all, the churches formed by Mr. Spencer were ctenomina- 
 tionally Congregational. Most of them, however, have long since adopted 
 the Presbyterian form of government, and formed connection with* Presby- 
 teries. Of his labors, a citizen of this county writes : 
 
I06 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 " Hardly was the first log cabin reared in the wilderness, before it was 
 visited by that early missionary, the Rev. John Spencer, to cheer and encour- 
 age the pioneer in his struggle with the formidable difficulties that surrounded 
 him. Mr. Spencer's life in the forest was an active and a toilsome one ; he 
 understood the duties of his calling well, and faithfully he performed them. 
 There are many anecdotes still extant illustrating the clearness of his intellect 
 and cheerfulness of his disposition." 
 
 Another writes of him as follows: 
 
 "From 1810 to 1820, or later. Rev. John Spencer, a CongregationaHst, 
 was the pioneer minister. Priest Spencer, as he was called, entered all parts 
 of the county where could be assembled three or more families, and preached 
 nearly every evening. His dress was ancient — knee and shoe buckles — 
 short breeches and long stockings — a dress which at that period attracted 
 attention, as it had nearly passed out of date. Independence in thought, 
 word and deed, was characteristic. ' He was remarkable for the sharp twinkle 
 of his eye, which always preceded some witty reproof. His sermons were 
 short, practical, and impressive. His manner of delivery was singular : com- 
 mencing short sentences, he would speak the first words slow and very dis- 
 tinct, and hasten to the close, accenting strongly the last words. Especially 
 was this the case in his prayers. Children noticed the set formula with which 
 he closed every petition." 
 
 Several interesting anecdotes are related of Mr. Spencer ; but the disagree- 
 ment between the relators in some of the particulars, renders it probable that 
 they are largely based on tradition. He closed his useful life in this county, 
 and was buried in Sheridan. 
 
 In 1 808, the Presbyterian General Assembly appointed Rev. John Linds- 
 ley a missionary for four months, two of them to be spent in Steuben and 
 Tioga counties, and the remaining two months in the settlements of the Hol- 
 land Purchase. Although he was here probably as early as Mr. Spencer, his 
 labors do not appear to have continued beyond the term of his appointment. 
 The principal record of his labors that we have seen, is that of his having 
 officiated at the formation of the Presbyterian church at Westfield in 1808, 
 and at the formation of a Congregational, now the Presbyterian, church of 
 Warsaw, July 14, 1808. It is said, however, that he visited Westfield as a 
 missionary in the fall of 1807, and was then sustained by a Female Mission- 
 ary Society. He was on his way to Pennsylvania ; and on his return in the 
 spring, formed the Westfield church as above stated. It has been stated, and 
 probably truly, that he returned and went over his former missionary ground, 
 and spent three sabbaths in Westfield. 
 
 Rev. Phineas Camp,, a graduate of Union College in 1810, and a graduate 
 of the second class of the Theological Seminary at Princeton, was appointed 
 by the Presbyterian General Assembly's Board of Missions as a home mis- 
 sionary in Pennsylvania, Western New York and Ohio. He assisted in the 
 reorganiza'tion of the church in Westfield, in November, 1817, and was 
 installed as pastor of the church by the Erie Presbytery, Sept. 8, 1819. 
 
 Bene*ts, doubtless, accrued both to Congregationalists and Presbyterians, 
 from a " Plan of Union " then existing. Their system of religious belief was 
 
RELIGIOUS HISTORY. 107 
 
 substantially the same. They were divided only on the plan of church gov- 
 ernment. As it was generally difficult, in new settlements, for either to 
 support a separate and distinct organization, the Presbyterian General Assem- 
 bly, in 1 80 1, adopted a plan which permitted Congregational ministers to 
 become pastors of Presbyterian churches, and Congregational churches to be 
 represented in Presb)rterian ecclesiastical bodies. On the formation of 
 churches, the majority probably determined the mode of church government. 
 
 Rev. Asa Turner, a Baptist preacher, was also an early missionary in 
 this county, and is represented to have been " very ' popular among the 
 settlers, and warmly welcomed among them." Rev. Joy Handy, too, was 
 an early laborer in this missionary field, though he soon became pastor of 
 the Baptist church at Jredonia. As a rflissionary and pastor he made 
 "full proof of his ministry," and closed his useful life after a long and 
 faithful service of the Master. 
 
 Several of the early Baptist churches in the county were formed by these 
 and other early ministers. The first was at Fredonia, the preparatory work 
 having been done by that devoted layman. Judge Gushing. The records of 
 the church show that its organization was completed by its being received 
 into fellowship by a council, October 20, 1808. 
 
 The Methodists, too, \vith their usual promptitude, sent their preachers 
 into the western wilderness. Their missionaries are their circuit preachers, 
 who appear to have made their advent in this country about the year 1808. 
 In Gregg's " History of Methodism within the bounds of the Erie Annual 
 Conference," we find the following : 
 
 "From 1796 to 1812, Western New York was nominally within the bounds 
 of the Philadelphia Conference, though most of the time entirely unoccu- 
 pied. In 1808, a circuit was formed by that conference called the ' Holland 
 Purchase,' which embraced all of the state of New York west of the Gene- 
 see river, to which the Rev. George Lane was appointed. Sometime in the 
 winter of 1808-9, learning that a few members of the Methodist Episcopal 
 Church had settled a short distance east of the present village of Fredonia, 
 in the west part of Sheridan, Chautauqua county, Mr. Lane started up 
 from Buffalo in a one-horse sleigh to visit and preach to them. On his way 
 up he overtook Mr. Gould and wife in a two-horse sleigh, who were members 
 of the Methodist church, and resided in the place just mentioned, and who 
 had been East on a visit, and were returning home. The snow was deep 
 and badly drifted. Night came on them while in the woods some distance 
 below the Cattaraugus creek ; and they became so buried in the snow, that 
 they could get their sleighs no further. After disengaging their horses from 
 their sleighs, each person mounted a horse, and rode on the bare back to 
 Mack's tavern, where they spent the remainder of the night. Next morning 
 they succeeded in getting their sleighs, and before night reached Mr. Gould's 
 house, where Mr. Lane spent a few days and preached several times, and, 
 during his stay in the place, formed a class consisting of Stephen Bush, Dan- 
 iel G. Gould and wife, and Elijah Risley. This was undoubtedly the first 
 Methodist preaching and the first class formed in Chautauqua county, which 
 has, since that time, been a very fruitful field for Methodism, and very pro- 
 ductive of Methodist ministers." 
 
I08 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 As early aS 1801, the Erie circuit existed, which embraced the first religious 
 organizations of the Methodists in this county, and for a long time afterwards 
 the whole or a considerable part of the county. It was in the Pittsburgh 
 district, which was within the bounds of the Baltimore Conference. The 
 presiding elder of the district was Thornton Fleming ; and the preacher of 
 the Erie circuit was James Quinn. It is said that Mr. Quinn's circuit, when 
 formed, contained twenty appointments, requiring him to travel four hundred 
 miles every four weeks. The first class he formed was near a place called 
 Lexington, in Springfield township, Erie county. Pa. In 1804 the district 
 took the name of Monongahela, and Thornton Fleming was continued pre- 
 siding elder until the meeting of the Baltimore Conference in May, 18 10, 
 when Jacob Gruber was appointed presiding elder, and Joshua Monroe, 
 preacher of Erie circuit ; and the year following, James Watts and James 
 Ewing. 
 
 Gospel Land. 
 
 It is generally known by the older inhabitants, that the Holland Land 
 Company made a donation of 100 acres of land to religious societies in 
 every town, usually designated as the " gospel land." This was no part of 
 the early policy of the Company. The manner in which this land was 
 obtained, is related by Mr. Turner in his History of the Holland Purchase. 
 
 In the fall of 1820, Paul Busti, the general agent of the Company at 
 Philadelphia, while on a visit at Batavia, was importuned by a Presbyterian 
 minister from a neighboring town for a donation of land to every society of 
 that persuasion then formed on the Holland Purchase. Mr. Busti was for 
 a long time indisposed to grant the request. But the Rev. gentleman having 
 urged his suit until the agent's patience was exhausted, the latter firmly 
 replied: "Yes, Mr. R., I will give a tract of one hundred acres to a religious 
 society in every town on the Purchase ; and this is finis.'' He was, however, 
 unwilling to give preference to any particular denomination. " But," said 
 he, " to save contention, I will give it to the first society in every town." 
 Mr. R., it is said, lost no time in communicating the information to the 
 Presbyterians in the towns in his vicinity. Mr. Turner proceeds as follows : 
 
 " The land office was soon flooded with petitions for land from societies 
 organized according to law, and empowered to hold real estate, and from 
 those that were not, one of which was presented to Mr. Busti before he left, 
 directed to ' Gen. Poll Busti,' on which he insisted that it could not be from a 
 religious society ; for all religious societies read their Bibles, and know that 
 Po double /, does not spell Paul." Amid this chaos of applications, it was 
 thought unadvisable to be precipitant in granting these donations, the whole 
 responsibility now resting on Mr. EUicott to comply with the vague promise 
 of Mr. Busti. Therefore conveyances of the 'gospel land' were not executed 
 for some space of time, notwithstanding the clamor of petitions for ' deeds 
 of our land ;' during which time the matter was taken into consideration 
 and systematized, so far as such an operation could be. Pains were taken 
 to ascertain the merits of each application, and finally a tract or tracts of 
 land, not exceeding one hundred acres in all, were granted, free of expense. 
 
ORGANIZATION OF CHAtfTAUQUA COUNTY. IO9 
 
 • 
 to one or more religious societies regularly organized according to law in 
 every town on the Purchase, where the company had land undisposed of, 
 which embraced every town then organized, except B^hany, Genesee county, 
 and Sheldon, Wyoming county ; the donees being in all cases allowed to 
 select out of the unsold farming land in the town. In some towns it was all 
 given to one society ; in others, to two or three societies, separately ; and in 
 a few towns to four societies of different sects, twenty-five acres to each." 
 
 And it is said that the proceedings were so judiciously managed by Mr. 
 Ellicott, that partiality was in no case charged against the agent or his 
 assistants. 
 
 ORGANIZATION OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 A BRIEF sketch of the division of this state into counties, of their organi- 
 zation, and of changes in their boundaries, prior to the formation of Chau- 
 tauqua county, will not be deemed incompatible with the character and 
 design of this work. From the introduction to a history of Oneida County, 
 N. Y., a valuable and reliable work, written by Judge Pomeroy Jones, of that 
 county, and published many years ago, the following is an extract : 
 
 "The Dutch originally settled and governed the territory within the limits 
 of the state of New York, and by them it was called New Netherlands. As 
 late as 1683, that portion of it lying west of Fort Orange, [Albany,] was 
 termed by the Dutch chroniclers ' Terra Incognito,' or Unknown Land. In 
 1683, the colony having passed into the hands of the English, it was divided 
 into twelve counties, viz. ; New York, Albany, Dutchess, Kings, Queens, 
 Orange, Ulster, Richmond, Suffolk, Westchester, Dukes, and Cornwall. 
 Albany county then included Albany and all west of it. In T768 and 1770, 
 the counties of Cumberland and Gloucester were added. Of the original 
 counties, Dukes and Cornwall, after a bitter controversy, were suspended to 
 Massachusetts in 1693 ; and a part of Gloucester and Cumberland was, after 
 a quarrel, ceded to New Hampshire, and now forms a part of Vermont ; and 
 and the portion of the two counties retained was formed into a county called 
 Charlotte, now Washington county. In 1772, the county of Tryon was 
 formed from Albany county, lying westwardly of a line running nearly north 
 and south through the present county of Schoharie. The name of Tryon 
 having become highly obnoxious from the active hostility and acts of wanton 
 cruelty of the Colonial Governor Tryon towards the Americans during the 
 Revolution, the legislature, in 1784, changed the name to Montgomery, in 
 honor of the general of that name who had fallen at Quebec." 
 
 Montgomery county was divided into five districts. German Flats, one of 
 the districts, included the present town of Herkimer and all the territory 
 west of it in this state, and was an entire wilderness, with the exception of 
 forts and Indian trading points and a few Dutch settlers along the Mohawk 
 river. In 1786, the entire county of Montgomery, embracing over one-half 
 of the state of New York, contained but 15,050 inhabitants, about one-fourth 
 of the number now in Chautauqua county. In 1788, the town of Whites 
 TowTi, [thus written,] was erected from German Flats, and named in honor 
 
no HISTORY OF CRAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 • 
 of Judge Hugh White, who had recently emigrated from Middletown, Ct., 
 to the present site of the village of Whitesboro', then including the present 
 city of Utica, and all of the state west of it, and probably did not contain 
 over 200 inhabitants. The late Judge Jonas* Piatt, of the supreme court, 
 was an early supervisor of the town. 
 
 On the 27th of January, 1788, the county of Ontario was erected from 
 Montgomery, and the preamble of the act read as follows : " Whereas the 
 county of Montgomery is so extensive as to be inconvenient to those who 
 now or may hereafter settle in the western part of the county, therefore," 
 etc. The county of Ontario included all of the state west of a line drawn 
 due north from the 82d mile stone on the line between the states of New 
 York and Pennsylvania, through Seneca lake, to Lake Ontario. By the 
 last cited act, all of the state west of the Genesee river was erected into the 
 town of Northampton. The counties of Herkimer, Otsego, and Tioga, were 
 erected from Montgomery in 1801. 
 
 On the 30th of March, 1802, the county of Genesee was formed from the 
 county of Ontario, and bounded on the east by the Genesee river and the 
 county of Steuben. Or, according to another description, it comprised all 
 that part of the state lying west of the Genesee river and a line extending 
 due south from the point of the junction of that river and the Canescraga 
 creek, to the south line of the state. 
 
 Genesee county was divided into four towns : Northampton, Southampton, 
 Leicester, and Batavia. The first three embraced all the territory within the 
 county lying east of the Holland Purchase, and Batavia the whole of the 
 Purchase. Northampton adjoined Lake Ontario ; Southampton adjoined 
 Northampton on the south, and Leicester embraced all the territory south of 
 Southampton to the Pennsylvania hne. The first board of supervisors of 
 Genesee county was composed of Simon King, representing Northampton ; 
 Christopher Layboum, Southampton; John H. Jones, Leicester; and Peter 
 Vandeventer, the town of Batavia. The first town meeting in Batavia, of 
 which the present county of Chautauqua formed a part, was held at Van- 
 deventer's inn, within the limits of the present town of Clarence, Erie 
 county. 
 
 The town of Chautauqua, formed from Batavia, April 11, 1804, embraced 
 the present county, excepting only the loth range of townships, which was 
 annexed to Chautauqua in the formation of the county. At the same time 
 [1804] there were formed from Batavia the towns of Willink and Erie, the 
 latter, now called Newstead, comprising, it is believed, but a single town- 
 ship ; the two comprising all the territory l)ang within the present counties of 
 Niagara and Erie. 
 
 Allegany county was taken from Genesee in 1806; Cattaraugus, Chautau- 
 qua, and Niagara, in 1808 ; [the present county of Erie being then included 
 in Niagara;] parts of Livingston and Monroe, in 182 1 ; a part of Orleans, 
 in 1824; and Wyoming, in 1841. The town of Batavia, formed in 1802, has 
 alone become the mother of four whole counties, [Chautauqua, Cattaraugus, 
 
ORGANIZATION OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. Ill 
 
 « 
 
 >fiagara, and Erie,] one-half of Allegany, and the greater parts of Orleans 
 and Wyoming. 
 
 In 1805 or 1806, the subject of erecting two or more counties from Gene- 
 see and Ontario, along the Genesee valley, was agitated by settlers along the 
 river. Judge Foote furnishes some interesting facts relating to the division 
 of Genesee county, which were published in the Jamestown Journal, of 
 October 7, 1859. He says : 
 
 " I have understood that the Hon. Philip Church, now of Allegany county, 
 the Messrs. Wadsworth, of Geneseo, and Messrs. Warner and Hosmer, of 
 Avon, who were prominent and honored citizens, and men of wealth, and 
 landholders, formed the plan of the formation of two or more counties from 
 Ontario and Genesee, in 1806, while Joseph Ellicott, the agent of the Hol- 
 land Company, strongly opposed the project. Allegany was set off from 
 Genesee in 1806. But the original question was still unsettled. To many 
 of the inhabitants of Allegany, its boundaries were not satisfactory ; and 
 several petitions were presented to the legislature in 1807, in favor of differ- 
 ent localities for the public buildings in that county; but nothing definite was 
 done by the legislature until the presentation of petitions in February and 
 March, 1808, which resulted in laws annexing the west part of Steuben to 
 Allegany, and the west part of Allegany to Genesee, [to form the east part of 
 Cattaraugus,] and fixing the county site of Allegany to Angelica. Genesee 
 county was divided into four counties, Genesee, Cattaraugus, Chautauqua, 
 and Niagara, the last named then including the present county of Erie. 
 
 " One fact appears singular ; in none of the petitions signed by residents 
 of the present county of Chautauqua, was that name for the county solicited-; 
 but it was proposed only by the five landholders, none of them residing in or 
 having any interest in the county. The name was most appropriate, and I 
 apprehend the people were well satisfied with it. Chautauqua and Cattarau- 
 gus remain as established over half a century ago ; Allegany nearly as then ; 
 Niagara, until 1821, when it was divided and Erie county erected; Genesee, 
 until 1821, when Monroe and Livingston were erected from Genesee and 
 Ontario." 
 
 In 1806, a petition was presented to the legislature for the division of 
 Genesee into four counties, by the names of Allegany, Cattaraugus, Niagara, 
 and Genesee ; Niagara and Cattaraugus to be organized by the name of 
 Niagara in one year from the passing of the act ; and Joseph Ellicott, Eras- 
 tus Granger, and Jonas Williams, to be appointed commissioners to erect a 
 court-house and jail in said county. - The petition also asked that the organi- 
 zation of Allegany and Cattaraugus might be suspended until they should 
 contain a suitable number of inhabitants. The petitioners further prayed 
 that the court-house and jail for Niagara should be erected on the eastern- 
 most public square in the village of New Amsterdam, or Buffalo ; and that 
 James W. Stevens, Philip Church, and William Rumsey be appointed com- 
 missioners to fix upon a site for a county town in Allegany; and that Joseph 
 Ellicott, Erastus Granger, and Alexander Reed fix upon a county site for 
 Cattaraugus. The petitioners also remonstrated against the granting of a 
 petition, then in contemplation, for erecting a new county out of the western 
 part of Ontario and the eastern part of Genesee. 
 
112 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 The question naturally arises, why should the formation of so many new 
 counties be asked for while their population was insufificient for an immediate 
 organization ? The reasons assigned in the petition are, that there is much 
 contention among the inhabitants on the subject of dividing counties, and 
 that future divisions, when the population becomes considerable, may prove 
 a source of difficulty to the legislature, and " promote dissensions among 
 those who may be interested in the establishment of the limits of counties;'' 
 and " that in the present state of population of the county of Genesee, the 
 bounds of future counties may be so judiciously established and limited in 
 extent as to obviate the propriety of any future divisions;" and "that the 
 longer the divisions are delayed, the more these difficulties will increase, and 
 by a variety of contending interests the more injudiciously will the new 
 counties be divided." 
 
 There are said to have been about 750 signers to this petition, among 
 whom were the following : 
 
 Benj. EUicott, Andrew A. EUicott, James W. Stevens, Joseph Ellicott, 
 Daniel B. Brown, Reuben Town, Asa McCracken, Trumbull Gary, David E. 
 Evans, Abraktfm Dull, William Peacock, Josiah Babcock, Richard Smith, 
 David McGracken, Seth Cole, John D. Weed, Elias Scojuld, Filer Socket, 
 David Eaton, Louis Lacouteulx, Richard Stiles, Nathan Gary, Benj. Hutchins, 
 Alanson Weed, William Bennett, Harry Ligerson, Joseph E. Dart, James 
 Prendergast. 
 
 There was no date to this petition, but it was probably presented to the 
 legislature of 1806, that being the year in which the county of Allegany was 
 set off. Those whose names are in italics, were then residents of the present 
 county of Ghautauqua. 
 
 March 2, 1808, was presented to the legislature "the petition of the sub- 
 scribers and landholders of the counties of Genesee and Allegany." They 
 ask for a division of the part of Genesee county lying between Allegany 
 county and the western boundary of the state of New York, into two coun- 
 ties, by the names of Chautauqua and Cattaraugus ; and for authorizing the 
 governor to appoint commissioners to fix sites for the public buildings of 
 these two counties ; and for organizing the counties of Niagara, Chautauqua, 
 and Cattaraugus, together by the name of Niagara, and suspending the 
 organization of Chautauqua and Cattaraugus until they should contain such 
 number of inhabitants as should be deemed expedient. This, too, was 
 without date; but was presented, as stated above, March 2, 1808, signed 
 by the five following named persons : Mather Warner, George Hosmer, 
 Jabez Wilbur, James Wadsworth, Philip Church. 
 
 Of these gentlemen, Messrs. Warner, Wadsworth and Hosmer, resided in 
 Ontario county, and Mr. Church in Allegany. 
 
 The reasons assigned for this division are in part the same as tho^e offered 
 in the former petition — to prevent contention and strife among future inhab- 
 itants as to the proper division of the territory. They also prayed for the 
 annexation of the three western ranges of townships of Allegany to the 
 
ORGANIZATION OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. II 3 
 
 territory designed to form the counties of Chautauqua and Cattaraugus ; giv- 
 ing as a reason for this annexation, that, without this additional territory, 
 there would not be sufficient for two counties. [It has been suspected that 
 the chief object of changing the boundaries of Allegany was to secure the 
 establishment of the county seat at Angelica.] 
 
 Another petition, presumed also to have been presented in 1808, from 
 inhabitants of the counties of Steuben, Genesee and Allegany, prayed for the 
 annexation of the western range of Steuben county to Allegany, and the 3d, 
 4th and 5th ranges of the Holland Purchase to Genesee, and for dividing 
 Genesee into four counties : Cattaraugus, extending from Allegany county to 
 the meridian line between the 9th and loth ranges of townships of the Hol- 
 land Land Company's survey ; Chautauqua, with its present bounds ; Niag- 
 ara, including the present counties of Niagara and Erie ; and all the remain- 
 ing part of Genesee to constitute the fourth county, retaining the original 
 name of Genesee. The petition also prays for the establishment of the 
 county seat of Allegany at Angelica ; that of Chautauqua at Mayville ; and 
 that of Niagara at New Amsterdam, commonly called Buffalo ; and further, 
 that the contemplated county of Cattaraugus be continued organized with " 
 Allegany " as far as it respects taxation, courts of justice, voting for governor, 
 members of the legislature and of congress,'' until the three counties of 
 Niagara, Chautauqua and Cattaraugus, should be organized together as one 
 county by the name of Niagara. Signed by Asa Ransom, Trumbull Cary, 
 Peter Powers, Thomas Prendergast, Jonas Williams, William Peacock, 
 Richard Smith, Asa Spear, Henry Wilson, E. Cary, Emory Blodgett, Andrew 
 A. EUicott, Benj, EUicott, Joseph EUicott, John Mack, David E. Evans, 
 James W. Stevens, and others — in all, 56 names. 
 
 The act of 1 808 provided that Cattaraugus and Chautauqua should act in 
 conjunction with Niagara until they should respectively contain 500 taxable 
 inhabitants. It having been ascertained from the assessment rolls of t8io, 
 at the meeting of the board of supervisors, that Chautauqua county contained 
 500 voters for members of assembly, the county was fully organized in 181 1, 
 by the appointment of county officers on the 9th day of February, 181 1, by 
 the council of appointment, consisting of the governor and four senators, 
 one from each "of the four senate districts into which the state was then 
 divided. This council had the power of appointing all county officers, 
 including justices of the peace. The governor was then Daniel D. Tomp- 
 kins, and the four senators were Benjamin Coe, James W. Wilkin, John 
 McLean, Philetus Swift. 
 
 First Judge — Zattu Gushing. Associate Jtidges — Matthew Prendergast, 
 Philo Orton, Jonathan Thompson, William Alexander. 
 
 Assistant Justices — Henry Abell, William Gould, John Dexter, Abiram 
 Orton. 
 
 Justices of the Peace — ^Jeremiah Potter, John Silsbee, Abijah Bennett, Asa 
 Spear, Justus Hinman, Benjamin Barrett, Daniel Pratt, Selah Pickett. 
 
 Clerk — John E. Marshall. Sheriff— \ya.\\dL. Eason. Surrogate — Squire 
 White. Coroners — Daniel G. Gould, Philo Hopson. 
 8 
 
114 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 The act of 1808 erecting the counties of Chautauqua and Cattaraugus, 
 required the governor to appoint three commissioners to fix on county sites 
 in these counties, and file their decision in the clerk's office of Niagara 
 county, then at Buffalo. Deeds of land also were to be recorded there until 
 after the complete organization of this county, which took place in 1811. 
 The commissioners appointed to locate the county sites, were Isaac Suther- 
 land, Jonas Williams, and Asa Ransom. The act also required the super- 
 visors of each county to raise the sum of one thousand five hundred dollars 
 for erecting and completing a court-house and jail. A contract was accord- 
 ingly made with Winsor Brigham to build a court-house and jail of wood. 
 And the house of John Scott, in the village of Mayville, was designated as 
 the place for holding courts until the court-house should be completed. 
 
 The first court-house in the county was a two-story frame building, built 
 between i8ii and 1815, the war having retarded its completion. The June 
 term of the court in 1814 was held in the unfinished building, but not the 
 fall and winter terms. In 181 5 the building was finished and occupied. The 
 lower story contained three prison cells — two for criminals and one for 
 -debtors. In firont of these, and divided from them by a narrow hall, was the 
 dwelling part for the jailor and his family. The upper story was for court 
 and jury rooms, etc. 
 
 In 1832, the prison rooms being deemed too contracted, and having 
 become dilapidated and unsafe for the detention of prisoners, the legislature 
 required the supervisors to provide for the erection of a new jail. They had 
 been authorized the preceding year to do so ; but, notwithstanding it had 
 been presented by the grand jury as a nuisance, they refiised to provide for 
 building another. Hence the necessity, next year, of a law requiring them 
 to do so ; and even then the appropriation was made by a majority pi two 
 only. The sum first appropriated by the law of 1832, was $3,500, in three 
 annual installments, the last of which would become due in 1834, when the 
 supervisors were required to raise $1,500 more for its completion. 
 
 In 1834, on the petition of many citizens, an act wasipassed directing the 
 building of a new court-house. It is not strange that county buildings 
 costing but $1,500, were, after a lapse of more than twenty, years, insufficient 
 for the various county purposes. The commissioners appointoi by the act 
 to contract for and superintend the erection of the court-hoiise;^i|tee Thomas 
 B. Campbell, Wm. Peacock, and Martin Prendergast Tlie supervisors 
 were required to assess and collect therefor $5,000 in five annual installments 
 commencing in 1837. This time was fixed in order to allow the jail install- 
 ments to be fully paid before additional taxes were imposed. The money 
 for building was loaned toAe county by the state, at 6 per cent, interest, the 
 first installment to be paid the ist of March, 1838. 
 
 The commissioners contracted with Benj. Rathbun, of Buffalo, for erecting 
 the exterior of the building. The work was done the same summer, and was 
 accepted by the commissioners. The plan was submitted to the board of 
 supervisors in 1834, and a committee was appointed, with instructions to 
 
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ORGANIZATION OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 115 
 
 report to the board at the next meeting. At an adjourned session held the 
 next month, [Dec, 1834,] the committee reported resolutions, declaring that 
 all the money borrowed had been expended on the exterior of the building ; 
 disapproving the acts of the commissioners as tending to burden the county 
 with a heavy expense for a larger and more costly building than was needed, 
 with the purpose of advancing the interests of Mayville at the expense of 
 the county ; and asking the legislature to remove Wm. Peacock and Martin 
 Prendergast, and appoint Elial T. Foote and Leverett Barker as commis- 
 sioners in their stead. The report was accepted. 
 
 The action of the next legislature upon the subject was the passage of a 
 law requiring the raising of an additional sum of $4,000 to complete the 
 building, in four annual installments, beginning with the year 1837 ; and 
 authorizing the comptroller to loan it as before. And instead of removing 
 the two commissioners, Elial T. Foote, of Ellicott, and Leverett Barker, of 
 Pomfret, were appointed additional commissioners. With this appropriation 
 the building was completed, and the five commissioners were discharged. 
 
 Divisions of Chautauqua County. 
 
 This county, at the time of its formation in 1808, embraced but the single 
 town of Chautuaqua. The town of Pomfret was at the same time formed 
 from the town of Chautauqua, and embraced the two eastern ranges of town- 
 ships, [10 and II,] and the present towns of Pomfret and Dunkirk. There 
 was no further subdivision until after the complete organization of the county 
 in i8n. 
 
 In 18 1 2, Ellicott was formed from Pomfret, and embraced townships i and 2 
 in ranges 10 and 11. Gerry was formed from Pomfret, and embraced the 
 present towns of Gerry, Ellington, Cherry Creek, and Charlotte ; and Han- 
 over, embracing the present towns of Hanover, Villenova, and a part of 
 Sheridan. 
 
 In 18 13, Portland was formed from Chautauqua, and comprised the pres- 
 ent towns of Portland, Westfield, and Ripley. 
 
 In 18 16, Harmony was formed from Chautauqua, and comprised town- 
 ships I, in ranges 12 and 13, and all of townships 2, in the same ranges, 
 lying south and west of Chautauqua lake. 
 
 In 18 1 7, Ripley was formed from Portland, extending from Chautauqua 
 creek to the state line. 
 
 In 182 1, Clymer was formed, comprising ihe present towns of Clymer, 
 Sherman, Mina, and French Creek. Stockton was formed from Chautauqua, 
 and comprised township 4, range 12, and a tier of lots from township 4, 
 range 13. EUery was formed from Chautauqui, comprising township 3, 
 range 1 2, all of township 2 lying north of the lake, and a few lots on the 
 west from township 3, range 13. In 1850, 12 lots from EUery were annexed 
 to Stockton. 
 
 In 1823, Busti was formed from Ellicott and Harmony, comprising parts 
 of townships i, in ranges 11 and 12. Villenova was taken from Hanover, 
 
Il6 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 comprising township 5, range 10, and a part of the present town of 
 Arkwright. 
 
 In 1824, Ellington was formed from Gerry, and comprised townships 3 
 and 4, in range 10 ; and Mina from Clymer, comprising the present towns of 
 Mina and Sherman. 
 
 In 1825, Carroll was formed from EUicott, and comprised township i, 
 range 10, and part of township i, range iij now Kiantone. 
 
 In 1827, Sheridan was formed from Pomfret and Hanover, and comprises 
 township 6 of range 11, except 4 lots in the south-east corner, which remain 
 attached to Hanover. 
 
 In 1829, Arkwright was formed from Pomfret and Villenova. A part of 
 Pomfret was annexed in 1830. Charlotte was taken from Gerry, comprising 
 towiiship 4, range 1 2 ; Cherry Creek from Ellington ; French Creek from 
 Cl3Tiier ; and Westfield from Portland and Ripley. 
 
 In 1832, Poland was formed from EUicott, and lies on the east border of 
 the county, and comprises township 2, range 10. Sherman was formed the 
 same year from Mina, township 2, range 14. 
 
 In 1853, Kiantone was formed from Carroll. 
 
 In 1859, Dunkirk was formed from Pomfret. 
 
 EARLY ROADS. 
 
 Old Portage Road. 
 
 That a portage road was constructed between Lake Erie and the head 
 of Chautauqua lake, prior to the settlement of this county, has been generally 
 conceded ; but when or by whom it was opened has, until a comparatively 
 late period, been an unsettled question. The route of this road is described 
 in the following letter from Col. Wm. Bell, of the town of Westfield, to Judge 
 Foote : 
 
 "Westfield, March 29, 187 1. 
 
 " Hon. Elial T. Foote : In answer to your letter inquiring about the 
 route of the old French road from Lake Erie to Chautauqua lake, I will say, 
 that I came to what is now Westfield, in August, 1802. My father, Arthur 
 Bell, came from Pennsylvania, with a part of the family in ' dug-out canoes,' 
 up the Allegany and Connewango rivers, and the Chautauqua outlet and lake, 
 to the present steamboat landing at Mayville, while I came through the woods 
 from the Allegany river to Erie, and thence to Westfield, with some cattle 
 and horses. And when the family arrived at the head of the lake, I went 
 there to meet them ; and t^e goods were ' packed ' over to the farm that my 
 father had taken up when he was here in the spring, on the ' main road,' 
 about three miles west of Westfield village. 
 
 " In 1802, there were the remains of a stone chimney standing near the 
 shore of Lake Erie, a little west of the mouth of Chautauqua creek, that was 
 said to have been built by the French. A road was cut out from that point 
 on Lake Erie, crossing the present Erie road near the old ' McHeiuy tavern,' 
 
EARLY ROADS. II7 
 
 where the historical monument now stands, and crossing the west branch of 
 Chautauqua creek about 100 rods above where the woolen factory of Lester 
 Stone now stands, and from there to a point near the former residence of 
 Gervis Foot, or late residence of Mrs. Rumsey, and from there to Chautauqua 
 lake, on or near the line of the present traveled road. 
 
 " I remember very well, when I was quite a young lad, of driving a team 
 to draw salt over this old French road from Lake Erie to Chautauqua lake ; 
 and from the appearance of the road, it must have been cut out a good many 
 years before I passed over it. 
 
 " My father settled on part of lot 3, township 4, range 14, of the Holland 
 Land Company's survey; and after the death of my father, I resided on the 
 same farm till within the last few years. 
 
 " Respectfully yours, William Bell." 
 
 The question as to the time when and by whom the road was constructed, 
 appears to have been satisfactorily answered by Judge Foote, through the 
 Fredonia Censor. His letter is dated February 10, 187 r. He first notices 
 the traditionary statement that in 1782 an army of 300 British and 500 
 Indians, with 12 pieces of artillery, spent the months of June and July 
 around Chautauqua lake, preparatory to floating down the Connewango and 
 Allegany rivers to attack Fort Pitt. And it was stated that " the British left 
 a four-pounder on the shores of Chautauqua lake, from 1782 to 1784." 
 These statements were founded on tradition, said to be from a copy of a letter 
 from Gen. Irvine to Gen. Washington. In reference to this the Judge says : 
 
 " I have searched the libraries of historical societies in vain for proof of 
 a British army having 'been encamped about Chautauqua lake. It was only 
 eighteen years from the time the British army is said to have encamped on 
 the lake to the commencement of the settlement of the county, and less 
 than that when the lake shores were traversed by the surveyors ; but I have 
 never been able to find any one who had seen any evidence of such an 
 encampment on that lake." 
 
 On the subject of the portage road, he says : 
 
 " We have, however, I think, reliable information relative to the opening 
 of a portage road from the mouth of Chautauqua creek, on Lake Erie, to 
 the head of Chautauqua lake, about 118 years ago, by the French. The 
 evidence is derived from an affidavit made by Stephen Coffin, an American 
 who was taken prisoner by the French and Indians, and finally enlisted in 
 the French army, and was with the army when the portage road was opened. 
 I will give a brief of the affidavit taken before Sir William Johnson, in 
 January, 1754. There is corroborative testimony of the material facts de- 
 veloped in the affidavit." [The substance of this affidavit has "been given 
 in Mr. Exison's Historical Sketch, p. 38.] 
 
 Road from Pennsylvania to Chautauqua Lake. 
 
 The first road from Pennsylvania to Chautauqua lake, at what was after- 
 wards called " Miles' Landing," was opened at a very early date. One of the 
 party who performed the labor was Robert Miles, who certified to the follow- 
 ing description : 
 
 " The road commenced at my father's in the present town of Sugar Grove, 
 
Il8 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 Qcar where Frederick Miles now lives, and passed a little east of where the 
 senior Devereaux first settled in Busti, and over the hills, and near where 
 Josiah Palmeter lives, and also near where Samuel Griffith settled ; and 
 crossed the present Jamestown and Mayville road, on the west side of the 
 lake, a little west of where sheriflf Judson Southland now resides, and came 
 to the lake at the mouth of the little creek on the lake shore at Uriah Bent- 
 ley's. The road was used for many years for the people of Pennsylvania to 
 go to Chautauqua lake, and for the first settlers on the lake to go to Penn- 
 sylvania for provisions, etc. The Mileses made a large canoe on the hill 
 westerly of where Devereaux settled, out of a pine tree, and drew it over the 
 road to Chautauqua lake ; and the hill where the canoe was made was called 
 by the early settlers "canoe tree hill." The road was opened about 1805. 
 There were a few settlers in Warren county. Pa., before there were any in 
 Chautauqua county ; and the early settlers about Chautauqua lake not unfre- 
 quently went to Pennsylvania for seed potatoes, oats, wheat, etc., and for 
 cows, hogs, etc., when commencing in the woods. My father helped build 
 the first log house at Mayville, near the present steamboat landing, (before 
 Mclntyre came there,) for a man by the name of Sherman. Robt. Miles, Sr., 
 died in 1810, aged S7) near the present village of Sugar Grove, on the farm 
 now owned by my brother Frederick. Robert Miles." 
 
 Mayville and Cattaraugus Road. 
 
 In 1813, the Holland Land Company made a survey of a road from May- 
 ville easterly to Ischua, Cattaraugus county, a distance of 60 miles, and cut 
 out, bridged, and made it passable to Love's, one mile south of Sinclairville. 
 From that place to its eastern terminus, the country was an entire forest, with 
 the exception of the opening at Bentley's on the Connewango. 
 
 In May, 1814, Capt. Anson Leet, Henry Walker, Bela Todd, Dexter 
 Barnes, Henry Barnhart, Oliver Cleland, Nathan Cleland, and a few others, 
 most or all from what is now Stockton, were employed by the Company to 
 construct the remaining part of the road. Capt. Leet, eminently qualified 
 for the task, was chief command, and John West was chief cook. A good 
 movable tent and utensils, and all necessary fixtures for encamping, were 
 provided. Several yoke of oxen were used by them in removing heavy fallen 
 timber and building bridges, etc. ; and three cows with their calves were 
 taken to aid the boarding department. The calves were tied by straps to 
 small trees ; and herdmen know that, unless compelled, cows wUl not go far 
 from their youtig ; hence they were useful in keeping all their cattle within 
 hearing of the bells strapped on the necks of some of the oxen. . The cows 
 would not generally go within reach of their calves when fastened closely to 
 the trees ; and the calves seldom received more than their prop)er share of 
 food ; but if opportunity presented, they would, Jike some of our late con- 
 gressmen, appropriate to themselves a luscious supply of " back pay." 
 
 Pasturage at that season of the year was abundant : nature covered the 
 ground with beautiful foliage, of which only the early settlers have proper 
 conceptions. From the length of the road and the time taken to do it, they 
 could only remove the fallen trees, cut away the bushes and small timber, 
 and grade the knolls. There were many streams to be bridged, marshes 
 
EARLY MAILS AND MAIL ROUTES. 1 19 
 
 requiring corduroy road ; and as black ash timber was plenty and easily 
 worked, the Land Company allowed it to be split into rails and covered with 
 dirt, the bridges being built with logs and poles. 
 
 This party consisted of men in the strength and vigor of early manhood, 
 and had, on the 4th of July, reached what was then by survey the village of 
 EUicottville in embryo. Though distant from home and society and the 
 church-going bell, they had observed their sabbaths as days of rest, if not of 
 worship. War was raging between our country and England ; and the dis- 
 tant rumble of cannon from Buffalo and the lake aroused their patriotism ; 
 and they resolved to celebrate the Fourth. Dexter Barnes was orator; 
 Deacon Walker, chaplain ; and Henry Bamhart, with associates, were to makfe 
 all the military demonstrations at their cominand. Of course the speech of 
 the orator was brief, but it was characteristic of one who was full of life and 
 hope. The prayer was from one whose piety was undoubted, but not offen- 
 sive. Like a Christian patriot he remembered his country then in a san- 
 guinary struggle with a formidable foe for the rights of her citizens. He 
 remembered home and friends, and prayed that a religious influence might 
 ever characterize the place they then consecrated. 
 
 The party thence worked onward to Ischua, which place they reached late 
 in September, and then in company returned home. Having faithfully dis- 
 charged their trust, they went to the office, where they received the congrat- 
 ulations of their faithful friend, Mr. Peacock, as also their full pay. The 
 honored agent is still living, [October, 1875,] as are Mr. West, Mr. Bamhart, 
 Mr. O. Cleland, and Mr. N. Cleland. 
 
 EARLY MAILS AND MAIL ROUTES. 
 
 In consequence of the burning of a portion of the records of the General 
 Post-Office at Washington, in the war of 18 12, the history of the early mail 
 routes and post-offices in this part of the country is not easily obtained. It 
 has been ascertained, however, that a post-office was established at Buffalo, 
 by the name of Buffalo Creek, as a private office, (not then on any mail 
 route,) in the latter part of the year 1804, and that Erastus Granger was 
 appointed postmaster. He received the income of the office as a compen- 
 sarion for carrying the mail to and from the Niagara post-office. The nearest 
 offices were at Batavia, Niagara, and Erie, Penn. Mr. Granger held the 
 office until 18 18, when he was superseded by Julius Guiteau. 
 
 Stephen Bates, of Canandaigua, was contractor in 1801-2-3, f°r carrying 
 the mail west once in two weeks. At or before this contract closed, the 
 mail route had been extended to Niagara. In 1804, Baker and Seeley 
 became contractors, and continued such until Oct. i, 1805, the mail being 
 carried once in two weeks by John Metcalf, of Canandaigua, sub-contractor. 
 In 1805, Gideon Granger being postmaster-general, the route was extended 
 
120 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 to Buffalo Creek, and an additional $ioo a year was allowed Metcalf, who 
 himself, in July of this year, took the contract at the rate of $550 a year, to 
 commence the ist of October. By the terms of this contract, he was 
 required, in going to Niagara, to transport the mail, once in two weeks, by 
 the way of New Amsterdam, [the Holland Company's name for Buffalo ;] 
 but in returning omitted Buflfalo, pursuing his old route from Niagara to 
 Canandaigua, by the way of Cold Spring and Batavia. The first returns 
 from the Buflfalo Creek post-office, made July i, 1805, about 7 months from 
 its establishment, showed a balance due the general government of $11.84. 
 
 The first stage from Canandaigua to Buflfalo was run by Metcalf in 1807. 
 He applied to the legislature for the exclusive privilege. A committee re- 
 ported favorably. The line from Albany running only to Canandaigua, 
 travelers were there left, liable to long detention or to imposition in hiring 
 carriages to take them on. Hence the committee concluded " that the 
 prayer of the petitioner be granted," and reported a bill which was passed 
 without opposition, in April, 1807. All other persons were prohibited from 
 running carriages for hire, under a penalty of $500. Metcalf was to keep 
 three wagons and three stage sleighs, and the requisite number of horses. 
 The fare was not to exceed 6 cents a mile for a passage and 14 pounds of 
 baggage; and every additional 150 pounds weight of baggage was to be 
 charged 6 cents a mile, or in that proportion. 
 
 The stages were to run regularly on stated days ; and from the 1st day of 
 July to the ist day of October, the rpute was to be performed at least once 
 a week, except in cases of unavoidable accidents. Only seven passengers 
 were to be taken in a stage at one time, unless by their unanimous consent. 
 If a greater number applied, an extra carriage for four passengers was to be 
 sent. The stages then run from Albany to Canandaigua twice a week ; and 
 the distance was made from place to place in four days. 
 
 The post-oflSce at Erie was established about the year 1798, at the termi- 
 nation of a two weeks' mail route from Pittsburgh to Erie. The quarterly 
 returns for April, 1805, showed a balance due the general government of 
 $16.28. 
 
 Previous to 1806, the few settlers in Chautauqua county were dependent 
 for mail facilities on the post-offices at Erie and Buflfalo. In 1805, a post 
 route was established between the Buflfalo Creek and Erie, then called 
 Presque Isle, [pronounced in French, Presk Ele,'\ John Metcalf being con- 
 tractor ; the mail to be carried once in two weeks, and to commence in the 
 forepart of 1806. The mail, it is said, was carried by a footman, at first, in 
 a pocket handkerchief, afterwards in a hand mail-bag. The first post-office 
 in Chautauqua county was established May 6, 1806, in the present town of 
 Westfield ; James McMahan, postmaster; the name of the office, Chautauqua. 
 It was kept on the west side of the creek, at the old Cross Roads. Col. 
 McMahan held the office until 1818, when it was removed to the east side 
 of the creek, and Fenn Demming was appointed postmaster. 
 
 The second post-office in the county was the Canadaway post-office. 
 
EARLY MAILS AND MAIL ROUTES. 121 
 
 established June 18, 1706, near the center of the present town of Sheridan, 
 about 4 miles east of Fredonia; postmaster, Orsamus Holmes, a soldier of 
 the Revolution, and a pioneer settler of the county. The town of Chau- 
 tauqua, in the county of Genesee, then composed all the territory subse- 
 quently constituting the present county of Chautauqua, except the towns in 
 range 10, which were annexed in the formation of the county in 1804. For 
 some years, these two were the only post-offices in the county ; and this mail 
 route was the only one in the county for about ten years. From Oct. r, 1807, 
 to Oct. I, 1809, on contract with Edward Fetherly, postmaster at Jefferson, 
 Ohio, the mail was carried on horseback from Erie to New Amsterdam, 
 [Buffalo,] once in two weeks, for $140 per annum. 
 
 The third post-office in the county was the Pomfret office, established May 
 6, 1809, where Fredonia now is, then called Canadaway; Samuel Berry, 
 postmaster. Previously to the organization of Pomfret, in 1808, embracing 
 ranges 10 and 11, and two townships of range 12, an indefinite portion of 
 the county about the Canadaway village and post-office was, in 181 7, 
 changed to Fredonia. 
 
 Jacob Houghton, an early lawyer from Rensselaer county, was appointed 
 postmaster of Pomfret, August 19, 18 13. Having removed to Mayville, he 
 was succeeded, in 18 16, by Mosely W. Abell, from Buffalo in 18 14. The 
 office was kept in the inn of Mosely W. and Thomas G. Abell, on the pres- 
 ent site of the Taylor House. This became one of the principal stage-houses 
 between Buffalo and Erie. The balance due the general post-office for the 
 first quarter of this year, [April i, 1817,] was $68.37, at that time the largest 
 amount returned from any office in the county. The names of those who 
 have since held the office are Orrin McCluer, (six years,) Charles J. Orton, 
 son of Judge Philo Orton, John Z. Saxton, Ebenezer A. Lester, Daniel 
 Douglas, Levi L. Pratt, editor and printer, June i, 1849; O. W. Johnson, 
 July 20, 1853; Lorenzo Morris, May 15, 1855; Charles J. Orton, April 17, 
 1861 ; Willard McKinstry, printer, July i, 1862 ; Melvin H. Taylor, 1871. 
 
 John Gray, postmaster, of Erie, contracted to carry the mail on horse- 
 back, once in two weeks, from Buffalo to Cleveland, from October, 181 1, to 
 December, 1814, for $950 a year. [Postmasters were not then, as now, 
 prohibited from being contractors.] 
 
 By an act of Congress, the postmaster-general was required to furnish mail 
 facilities to the seat of justice in every county. Chautauqua county having 
 become fully organized in 18 11, Mayville became entitled to a post-office, which 
 was established July 1,1812, and Casper Rouse, who transported the mail to and 
 from Chautauqua, [old Cross Roads,] for a number of years, for the emoluments 
 of the office, was appointed postmaster. Mr. Rouse died December 25, 
 1 81 2, less than six months from the date of his appointment. Anselm Pot- 
 ter was appointed to succeed Mr. Rouse, but declining the office, Charles B. 
 Rouse was appointed, February 12, 1813. The office has since been held 
 by George McGonagle, appointed November i, 1816; Jedediah Tracy, May 
 29, 1819; Jesse Brooks, July i, 1834; Russell Sackett, 1841 ; Col. E. W. 
 
122 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 Taylor, in 1845; Stephen A. Beavis, in 1849; Jesse Brooks, in 1853; 
 Waite J. Stevens, 1866; Egbert Denton, 1867. 
 
 For six years prior to the ist of January, 1817, nearly the entire popula- 
 tion of the county south of " the ridge," received and sent their mail matter 
 at the Mayville post-office, some of the inhabitants residing at a distance of 
 thirty miles. People from every neighborhood frequently visiting the land- 
 office, attending courts, and transacting business, the settlers had frequent 
 opportunities of sending for their letters and papers. Many letters from 
 their friends at the East, were brought by immigrants. 
 
 Cattaraugus post-office, at the ferry across Cattaraugus creek, on the 
 Buffalo and Erie road, was established, June i, 181 2, Foster Young, post- 
 master. He was succeeded by John Mack, innkeeper, July 28, 1814. 
 [Office discontinued December 4, rSiy.] 
 
 Burgettstown post-office was established at the site of the present village 
 of North-east, Pa., in May, 181 2, Andrew Stevenson, postmaster. Balance 
 due the general post-office the first quarter, $3.20. 
 
 When, after war was declared against England, it became necessary to 
 send dispatches through the country with greater rapidity, the mail between 
 Albany and Buffalo was required to be carried at the rate of too miles in 
 twenty-four hours ; and the postmaster at Buffalo was directed to dispatch 
 an express mail, twice a week, from Buffalo to Cleveland, " to go and return 
 as soon as the roads would permit." Iil 1813, the government established an 
 express by riders on horseback, by way of Carlisle and Williamsport, Pa., 
 and Bath and Dansville, N. Y., to Buffalo, " to pass over the route in four 
 days and eighteen hours." The term " express," applied to anything moving 
 at this rate at the present day, would sound very strange. 
 
 Richard Williams, a pioneer settler and innkeeper of Portland, was a sub- 
 contractor, under Gray, to carry the mail from Buffalo to Erie on horseback. 
 This service was mostly performed by his son, Abner Williams, until Com. 
 Perry's fleet sailed from Erie to attack the British fleet on the lake, when 
 young Williams volunteered on board the Lawrence, and was killed in the 
 action on the loth of September, 1813. Richard Williams, while carrying 
 the mail, once arrived with it from Erie, sick. His wife, Sophia Williams, 
 took the mail, and set out on horseback for Buffalo. It was in the 
 time of the spring freshet when the streams were swollen far beyond their 
 usual limits. She swam her horse across the Cattaraugus, the Eighteen 
 Mile, and the Buffalo creeks, holding the mail above the water, and delivered 
 it at Buffalo in time. She also occasionally rode the mail horse between 
 Buffalo and Erie when her husband and the sons were hurried on the farm. 
 In 18 14, Richard Williams contracted to carry the mail from Buffalo to Erie, 
 by the way of Mayville, on horseback, once a week, for $650 a year, from 
 January i, 181 5, to January i, 181 8. In 1816 was established a mail route 
 from Meadville, Pa., by way of the forks of Oil creek, Warren, and the out- 
 let of Chautauqua lake, to Mayville, once a week, on horseback, for three 
 years, at $420 a year. 
 
EARLY MAILS AND MAIL ROUTES. 1 23 
 
 Jamestown post-office was established December 13, 18 16, and Judge 
 James Prendergast, a pioneer settler, appointed postmaster. The office was 
 kept in the store of J. & M. Prendergast, the first store erected in the 
 village, at the north-west comer of Main and First streets, since occupied by 
 the building of Dascum Allen. The balance due the general post-office at 
 the end of the first quarter, April 1, 1817, $5.54. Judge Prendergast was 
 succeeded by Dr. Laban Hazeltine, October 24, 1824, who was succeeded, 
 June 13, 1829, by Elial T. Foote, the first settled physician in Jamestown, 
 who held the office twelve years, and who was the first postmaster in the 
 county that introduced letter-boxes for individuals, commencing with eighty 
 boxes in 1829. No rent was charged for the boxes during his official term, 
 and for several years after. He also used the first engraved letter stamps in 
 the county. Alvin Plumb, an early merchant of Jamestown, was appointed, 
 June 8, 1 84 1. Having been elected county clerk, he resigned, and was suc- 
 ceeded by Joseph Kenyon, December 5, 1843. He was a druggist at James- 
 town, and an early pioneer in Sheridan. He was succeeded by Franklin H. 
 Wait, October 4, 1844; Eliphalet L. Tinker, an early settler and merchant 
 in Westfield, was appointed October i, 1848 ; Smith Seymour, July i, 1849; 
 Rufus Pier, a hatter and an early resident, July i, 1853 ; Charles L. Harris, 
 July I, 1858; Robert V. Cunningham, July 10, 1861 ; Abner Hazeltine, Jr., 
 1866; John T. Wilson, 1867; A. Hazeltine, Jr., 1868; Henry J. Yates, 
 1871, (perhaps earher ;) Alex. M. Clark, 1874. 
 
 Hanover post-office was established in the town of Hanover, at a place 
 afterwards called Kensington, in the present town of Sheridan, on the Buf- 
 falo and Erie mail route, about 5 miles from Silver Creek, and 3 miles firom 
 Forestville, Dec. 7, 1816, and Wm. Holbrook, an early merchant, appointed 
 postmaster. Having resigned and removed to Walnut Creek, now Forest- 
 ville, Asa Pierce, an early settler, was appointed in 1822. He, with the aid 
 of his neighbors, procured a change of the name of the office to Kensington, 
 the name of the intended village at that place. Mr. P. was for many years 
 an innkeeper in different parts of the county, and died at Fredonia in 1844, 
 aged 63 years. 
 
 In 1823, a post route was established from Perry, Genesee county, through 
 Perrysburg, Nashville, and Forestville to Fredonia, the mail to be carried on 
 horseback, once in two weeks. A post-office named Hanover, was estab- 
 lished at Forestville, May 15, 1823, Albert H. Camp, postmaster. Unfor- 
 tunately for the inhabitants around Kensington, the name of Hanover drew 
 to Forestville nearly all the mail designed for them ; and the name of Han- 
 over post-office was changed to Forestville, Oct. 15, 1823. On the 2 2d of 
 March, 1824, it was again changed to Hanover; and in 1853 it again took 
 the present name of Forestville. Amount due the general post-office for the 
 quarter ending July i, 1823, $5.73 ; for the quarter ending July i, 1825, 
 $17.97. For several years a mail was carried, by consent of the postmaster- 
 general, between Forestville and Kensington, as often as the mail passed on 
 the Erie road. Mr. Camp having resigned the office, Wm. S. Snow, a printer. 
 
124 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 and son of Seth Snow, a pioneer from Massachusetts, was appointed. The 
 names of those who have since held the office, are Ernest Mullett, John 
 Morrison, Ira A. Torrey, Nedebiah Angell, Benajah Tubbs, James H. Phelps, 
 B. Tubbs, (2d appointment,) Orrin Morrison, Cyrus D. Angell, Horace 
 Burgess, Walter G. Griswold. Present postmaster, Horace Burgess. 
 
 The mail contract from Meadville was renewed in 181 9, the mail to be 
 carried weekly on horseback, by way of Forks of Oil Creek, Brokenstraw, 
 Youngsville, Warren, Fairbank, and Jamestown ; and to this route was added 
 the route between Mayville and Westfield, which had been included in the 
 Buffalo and Erie contract 
 
 In 1823, Capt. Gilbert Ballard started a stage- wagon ' running once a week 
 on the east side of the lake from Jamestown to Mayville, going and return- 
 ing the same day. In 1824, the weekly was changed to a tri- weekly route; 
 and the mail was carried three times a week, the postmaster-general allowing 
 $200 for the service. Subsequently the line became a daily mail stage line 
 of post-coaches, rurming alternately on the east and west side of the lake. 
 And later, the mail was carried on the lake by steamboats in the summer. 
 
 Dunkirk post-office was established as a private office, in February, 18 18, 
 Elisha Doty, postmaster, who received the avails of the office for the trans- 
 mission of the mail to and from Fredonia. There have been since appointed. 
 Dr. Ezra Williams, a pioneer physician from Oneida county, June 3, 1822 ; 
 Adam Fink, Dec. 16, 1833 ; Wm. L. Carpenter, a publisher of the Dunkirk 
 Beacon, in 1841 ; Lysander B. Brown, a lawyer, in 1844; George B. Stock- 
 ton, in 1852; Patrick Barrett, in 1856, who died in the war in 1862; 
 Richard L. Cary, in April, 1861 ; Sidney L. Wilson, 1867 ; Lee L. Hyde, 1871. 
 
 Westfield post-office was established June 15, 1818, Fenn Demming, post- 
 master, virtually superseding the old Chautauqua office, the first in the county. 
 Demming had been a surgeon in the war of 181 2, and opened the first drug 
 store in Westfield. Orvis Nichols was appointed in February, 1833 ; Calvin 
 Rumsey in 1840; Wm. Sexton a few months later, and in' 1843 superseded 
 by Orvis Nichols, who was in turn superseded by Mr. Sexton. In 1853, 
 Hiram W. Beers, a Methodist minister, was appointed, and in about a year was 
 succeeded by Dr. Marcellus Kenyon. David Mann, a former district-attor- 
 ney, was appointed in 1855 ; Byron Hall in 1861 ; Fred. C. Barger, 1865 ; 
 Wm. K Wheeler, 1867 ; Clara U. Drake, 187 1. 
 
 Portland post-office was established December 7, 1818, Calvin Bams, post- 
 master. He was a pioneer settler, a soldier of the Revolution and in the war 
 of 1812, and was wounded at the battle of Buffalo, December, 1813. The 
 office was then at his farm, afterwards owned by Hiram and Joshua West, 
 about six miles east of Westfield. The town then extended west to Chau- 
 tauqua creek. The present Portland post-office is on the Erie road, i J^ 
 miles west from Brocton. 
 
 Elijah Blaisdell carried the mail on contract from Buffalo to Erie, by way 
 of Mayville, at the rate of $736 a year, for three years from January i, 1818. 
 The route was finally extended from Buffalo to Lewiston, for the additional 
 
EARLY MAILS AND MAIL ROUTES. 1 25 
 
 sum of $150. Blaisdell having made a default in the fulfillment of his con- 
 tract, Richard Williams, innkeeper, of Portland, was employed to cany the 
 mail from Buffalo, by way of Mayville, to Erie. 
 
 In 1820, Col. Nathaniel Bird, a soldier of the Revolution, who settled in 
 Westfield in 1815, contracted to carry the mail once a week, on horseback, 
 from Buffalo to Erie, not by way of Ma)^le, from January i, 1821. The 
 people of Mayville bfeing dissatisfied, Mayville was restored to its place in 
 the route; and the carrier was allowed $50 additional compensation. Col. 
 Bird commenced the running of mail stages on this route. The weekly 
 stages were a great accommodation to the public; but the road, for miles 
 east of Cattaraugus creek, was for many years' extremely bad — sometimes 
 almost impassable, except when frozen — and passengers were often compelled 
 to go on foot. The stages were ordinary two-horse wagons, with canvas 
 covering, and seats on wooden springs along the inside of the box, with 
 cushions and low backs. To carry the mail through in the stipulated time, 
 it became necessary at times to forward it on horseback. There was no 
 bridge on the stage route over the Buffalo, Eighteen Mile, or Cattaraugus 
 creek. The " four-mile woods," Cattaraugus creek, and Cash's tavern in the 
 present town of Brant, were the dread of all travelers in carriages. Many a 
 traveler with a team has been compelled to employ a man with a yoke of 
 oxen to assist in dragging the wagon through the mud, the women and 
 children walking over the road. 
 
 At the commencement of 1823, Col. Bird, associated with a Mr. Marvin, 
 of Buffalo, commenced running his stage-wagons twice a week ; the postmas- 
 ter-general having added $200 to his compensation, making it $750 for trans- 
 portation of the semi-weekly mail. By the exertions of Col. Bird, the erection 
 of toll bridges over the Buffalo, Eighteen Mile, and Cattaraugus creeks was 
 hastened. 
 
 In 1824, Col. Bird associated with him his son, Ira R. Biid, of Westfield, 
 and others, and in 1826 commenced running a daily stage, post-coaches being 
 run on portions of the route. An opposition line, called the Buffalo and 
 Erie Union Line, was put on this road by Walter Smith and others. In 
 February, 1825, the toll bridge over Eighteen Mile creek fell a few minutes 
 after the mail stage had crossed it. 
 
 In May, 1826, the Union Stage Company, of which Alanson Holmes was 
 agent, established a tri-weekly line of stages between Buffalo and Erie, by 
 way of Hamburgh, Eden, Collins, Lodi, (now Gowanda,) Perry sburgh, For- 
 estville and Fredonia, to Erie. Fare $3, and four cents a mile for way 
 passengers. 
 
 In February, 1826, Obed Edson and Harry Eaton established a semi- 
 weekly line of stages between Fredonia and Jamestown, which they soon 
 extended to Dunkirk and Warren, Pa. Capt Ballard soon after commenced 
 running his stages between Jamestown and Ma)rville, except Sundays, making 
 a daily line between Jamestown and Westfield. 
 
 Post-coaches were first run regularly on the entire route between Buffalo 
 
126 
 
 HISTORY OF CHAUT4.UQUA COUNTY. 
 
 Jaod Erie, with tlife d^r mail;.f«afly ip 1829, by llufus S. Reed, of Erie, 
 Thomas G. Abell, of Fi^donu^ a»i4j5ela t). Coe, of Buffalo. Col. Bird sold 
 out his interest in the stages 9%^ thfi tinpiej having peached the age of 16. 
 He died in Hi|mi»uirgh, N. Y., in 1847, dged 84. 
 
 lo the spria^of tSifi an agrahgenSSi^ was ^aide between the proprietors 
 oC the '^Pioneer'' st^mb^ hmniiog feom;^u&lip to &ie and those of tk^ 
 4^y stages, 1>y whu^,&^^^o;^e^'jf^' ^^!(^fi^^fa^!i^gep to and from Buffalo 
 and Dimlarky.,ni^i^{|;t^^Pf:KeBG^^^I^}(W^^%^ Passengers would 
 
 tj^en leave by ^e, ^jeinw^l^^^0ip^afftHit^ b{^<l K^^ between Buffalo and 
 GattaAiu^ and.gji/i^^sl^^^^ll^ 
 
 : .'hK' ■■■' i-r ' %:■ '■■■'■ '■ 
 
 rf^ 
 
 ^oli<;y of, the ,^oH-and land, company. 
 
 V;. VifLick OF Land, and Terms of Sale. 
 
 The pqlicy.ot tlMt I^pUaxidr Cpiupany in the disposal of their lands, and 
 the effects pf tbftt pplicy upoii the interests of the Company and of the set- 
 tlers respeeti3((dy< b?kve been a thenie of frequent discussion. Although 
 nearly forty yeai^ b^ve elapsed since the relation between the Company and 
 the settles. cdSjfC^^ yet, as ap important item of past histoiy^the subjejCt is 
 entitled t6 a notfce in this work. ? ..;. 
 
 The prpe pakJ"foK this, Jands, by the. Company, we are infcJrpaedt was«32 
 cents ,pe^^e.>/J>^ P#^' at wWpb the early ssde? were,m«de,waS about 
 $a^be»^<viU^ B#)«&,Qr l^^b)^, tjbe locadon and the quantity sold. The 
 books ^ li^j^qj^pswgr i^f^Hfj^e pjipa>,in thisy CQUOty to. haiise been about 
 $2.5qan acf(k,i;if3Bb||»,'R|i^^ajtet,de4wSiig the eoaS q£ swrey% |tod the ex- 
 penses of the l$||^t<<^^60^i,$0ttld seem to have left to the Company a large 
 profit. Yet th^opi|^q^^^^^4)^^^f>'^«vai]e4»i,^t»t,!B^ s^9 at what is 
 usually .termed the > g^^«i^8WS|ai^^ii|5*/4?^ better for the 
 
 Company. . -'■'"v'ir^^^jpftA • ■' "','*• ■ "'' 
 
 It hfes often been remarked, th&t By nolding the lands .at the high credit 
 prices, eastern emigrants hav|(ig money were attracted to the Western state% 
 across the Hollan^ .P-aJs^jw^to get' c^eap'laftte^tlms retarding the settle- 
 meM^ the Furc^m^^i^)|iavii>8tits lan(i^ t^oe ikcupied by the poorer 
 class^f emigran^'!\6i}t,)m^^. are pqt aware that the price of the public 
 land^at the tfaag ''^^gll' ^^^^^"^ <^l&^^ ^ c^^ppieoced theic^ales, was 
 
 ab<ilit.,!|be%m*«8W Pjf^l^^^fc;^?^''^ ^^'^I^P*?''^f ^^^ common; price 
 of gov|^mefi%Hlands ii^ilP^^WPfts ^*$a/ 'A^^t^^ enter a 
 
 quarter-secti|to,;^§o a^(||r,JKjf."pajfeg dowp $80 ; the remainder to bfc paid 
 in sums of $80 yearlji. " If tl^eV^ole were not paid in five years, the claim 
 was forfeited. The lai^^ was i*t Uable to taxation before tWl&piration of 
 five years. As Congress sold to no person less than a quarter-section, poor 
 men joined in the purchase, and divided H^ land. During the period of 
 general depression and bank suspensions that succeeded the war of 1812, 
 
"C y^t^^ 
 
POLICY OF THE HOLLAND LAND COMPANY. 1 27 
 
 many were unable to make further payments, and forfeited their lands. But 
 for the relief of such, Congress passed an act making the certificate of en- 
 trance receivable on the land it covered. By a later act, the price was 
 reduced to $1.25 per acre, cash. Another act allowed the division of quarter- 
 sections into lots of 80 acres ; so that, with a certificate of the payment of 
 $80, and $20 in cash, a person could buy 80 acres. Still some, unable to 
 raise the $20, lost their lands. It appears, therefore, that, not until several 
 years after the war of 1812, which closed in 1815, did emigrants find more 
 favorable terms of purchase in the Western states. 
 
 The books of the Holland Company show remarkably slow progress of 
 payment by purchasers of lands. A large portion of them must have for- 
 feited their claims. It appears that, at the' expiration of ten years, those 
 who had paid little or nothing, were charged with " increase of purchase 
 money," which was a sum added to the sum remaining unpaid. To what 
 extent this was done in this county does not appear, as many of the older 
 books were destroyed at Mayville by the memorable conflagration at that 
 place, in 1836. The increase charged was, in many instances, nearly equal 
 to, and in a few even greater than the sum due on the contract. 
 
 For example : In Wyoming county, G. T. J. was charged April i, 1806, 
 " To 2tlots, 728 acres, $1,456," being $2 per acre, only $10 having been 
 paid down. At the end of 10 years, he was charged "To Increase, $1,648," 
 making the sum of $3,104; and the land was bought in parts by six diflfer- 
 ent purchasers, who took new articles. Another, whose unpaid balance was 
 $615, was charged " To Increase, $642," and articles were given to three new 
 purchasers, charged with $1,257. In Chautauqua county, Eleazar Crocker 
 was charged, Sept 3, 1808, for land, $225, on which $12 were soon after 
 paid, and on the 4th of September, 1818, $157.50 was added as increase 
 of purchase money. Jonas Seaman, charged Jan. 13, r8io, for land, $435, 
 of which there remained unpaid, $391.25, was charged Jan. 14, 1820, as 
 increase, $281.14, and renewed his article for $672.39. In nearly every 
 instance, the increase is charged the day next after the ten years had expired. 
 In some cases, a smaller increase is charged in less than ten years from the 
 date of the contract. 
 
 Some assistance ' was rendered the settlers in making pa)m[ients, by the 
 offer of the Company to receive cattle on their contracts. Agents were sent 
 once a year to certain towns for that purpose. We find in the Batavia books, 
 the first credit for cattle in 1822 or 1823. Cattle were thus received for a 
 number of years. We have seen, in the eastern part of the Purchase, a few 
 credits for grain ; but the receiving of grain, it is presumed, was never gen- 
 eral, at any considerable distance from a good market. An additional stimu- 
 lus was given by a notice to those most in arrears, that in case of speedy 
 payment, a liberal deduction would be made from the sums due. This was 
 the cause of some dissatisfaction to those who had been more prompt in 
 their payments, who regarded it as a premium to their slack neighbors for 
 their want of punctuality. 
 
128 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 During these times it was that most was heard of the impolicy of the 
 plan of the Company for the disposal and settlement of their lands. .Prob- 
 ably with the view of inviting immigration, articles were given to settlers on 
 the most easy terms — to some, on payment of a sum barely sufficient to pay 
 for drawing the contract, which was about one dollar ; and many, doubtless, 
 were attracted hither by this easy mode of obtaining possession of land. 
 The early settlers were generally poor, having expended nearly the last dollar 
 in their removal, and could scarcely have purchased on less accommodating 
 terms. Yet some of these, after a short residence and sundry discourage- 
 ments, sold out their " improvements " and sought new homes in more favor- 
 able localities. Then, too, was so often expressed the opinion that the 
 Company would have done better, and the country would have been more 
 prosperous, had the low price and cash plan been adopted, as it would have 
 brought in a better as well as a more industrious and enterprising class of 
 inhabitants. That some persons of the lower class were drawn hither by 
 the easy terms offered by the Company is true. But the old inhabitants of 
 Chautauqua county still living will agree in saying that its early settlers were 
 generally honest, frugal, and industrious, and in point of moral worth, not 
 inferior to the population of any other county in the state. 
 
 t 
 Condition of the Settlers. 
 
 A recurrence to facts will reveal the true cause of the slow progress of the 
 settlers in discharging their obligations to the Company. Most of them were 
 comparatively young men from the East, and poor. Wages had been low ; 
 and they had laid up little more than enough to buy a team and to defray 
 the expense of their removal. They had heavily timbered lands to clear, 
 and for a time had no sons able to help, nor the means of hiring help. And 
 for the little surplus of the products of their farms, there was for years no 
 market beyond the demands of new-comers. War came ; and many were 
 obliged to leave their farms and join the army. Some of them served to 
 the end of the war — between two and three years. Peace returned ; labor 
 was again thrown upon the land ; and within a few years there was a large 
 surplus which scarcely compensated for raising it. The price of wheat in 
 Rochester, then the nearest and best cash market in the western part of the 
 state, was 2S. 6d. to 3s. per bushel, which would hardly pay for its transpor- 
 tation in that time of bad roads. Occasionally a load was taken to Albany 
 by teamsters going after goods for the merchants. At home, a bushel was 
 given for a pound of tobacco, or a yard of brown cotton cloth. 
 
 In providing means for prosecuting the war, double duties were laid upon 
 imports, which duties were to continue during the war, and for a year after 
 its close. These duties checked importations and encouraged home manu- 
 factures. Many manufactories sprang into being. The period of high duties 
 expired in the winter of 1816. Commercial intercourse with Great Britain 
 was resumed, and the country was again flooded with British goods. Our 
 manufactures were prostrated. The country was drained of its money to 
 
POLICY OF THE HOLLAND LAND COMPANY. 129 
 
 pay for foreign goods ; specie payments were suspended ; and bank bills 
 depreciated to 70 or 80 per cent, below par, and in some states to almost 
 nothing. No wonder that the books of the Land Company showed so few 
 and so small credits to settlers, nor that so many children went barefoot 
 until the first snows had fallen. 
 
 We have elsewhere spoken of the partial relief found within doors from 
 the help of the spindle and the shuttle, and from the products of the forest — 
 ashes. Thus the struggle continued until the completion of the Erie canal, 
 in 1825, which, by opening to our people an accessible market, brought them 
 permanent relief. They entered upon a course of prosperity, and many of 
 them soon attained a comfortable independence. 
 
 A large portion of the settlers, however, still felt the pressure of their land 
 debt. They thought it but just that the Land Company, who had grown 
 rich under the laws of the state removing their alien disabilities, and exempt- 
 ing them from taxation, should contribute some share toward the expenditures 
 of the state government. Application to the legislature was made in 1833, 
 for a law to this effect, which was passed in that year. The act was advocated 
 by its friends upon the principle, that, if any of our own citizens held the 
 same security, as the contracts of these non-resident landholders, such 
 securities would be liable to taxation ; that the present value and ultimate 
 payment of the debt due the Holland Company were involved in the stability 
 of our laws ; and that the construction of the Erie canal, effected by the 
 settlers on their lands in connection with other citizens of the state, had 
 increased the value of the Company's purchase several millions of dollars, a 
 considerable portion of which had been and would be realized by the 
 Company. 
 
 After the passage of this law, the Company, through their local agent, 
 served notices on persons having contracts on which payments were due, 
 though the contracts had not expired, requiring them to pay, " or satisfac- 
 torily arrange,'' the balance due, or quit the premises within two months. 
 A citizen commenting' on this notice in a newspaper remarked, that, "if 
 every species of personal property owned by the settlers could be sold, the 
 money would not half meet the requirements of this summary mandate." The 
 issuing of this notice so soon after the passage ot the act, is of itself strong 
 presumptive evidence that this sudden change of policy was designed as a 
 retaliation to those who had been instrumental in procuring the passage of 
 the law. This evidence finds confirmation in the innuendo or threat uttered 
 by one in the interest of the Company, while the bill was pending in the 
 legislature, that, " it might be worse for the settlers." 
 
 The Company Sell their Lands — Land Office Destroyed. 
 
 It will readily be imagined, that the announcement of this newjiolicy 
 
 produced a stir among the settlers throughout the Purchase ; and their feelings 
 
 found vent, to a great extent, through the newspapers. They advised the 
 
 making of no new contracts while existing contracts were in life, and when 
 
 9 
 
I30 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 they did renew, to agree to the payment of no tax but the ordinary land tax 
 which they now paid. It was suggested that meetings be held in the several 
 towns to consult on measures to be adopted ; that the Company be petitioned 
 to rescind the decree, and if this were not done, to petition the legislature. 
 They also questioned the power of the Company to enforce the forfeiture 
 of a contract until all the stipulated payments were due. 
 
 In the same year or the year following, the Company commenced selling 
 out their remaining interest in portions of the Purchase to small companies 
 or to individuals. The first sale in this county by the Company, was the sale of 
 their interest in the town of Charlotte, to Hinman Holden, of Batavia. In 
 November, 1835, the Holland Company made an agreement with Trumbull 
 Cary and George W. Lay, of Batavia, to sell to them all their estate, personal 
 and real, in this county. This consisted in wild lands, reverted lands, lands 
 held under valid contracts, and a few bonds and mortgages on lands sold and 
 Tiot conveyed. The purchase money was payable as follows : $50,000 in 
 hand, and the residue in four equal installments in six, twelve, eighteen, and 
 twenty-four months ; the Company to retain the legal title to the property as 
 security, to receive all the moneys collected, and to take in their own name 
 and retain all securities by bonds, mortgages, and contracts, which should 
 be taken on the sale of the lands and the liquidation of debts. But the local 
 agent of the Holland Company was, as far as should be consistent with its 
 security, to be governed by the direction of the new [equitable] proprietors. 
 
 The sale, or agreement to sell, having come to the knowledge of the settlers, 
 Mr. Peacock, the local agent of the Company, was applied to for informa- 
 tion as to the terms and policy adopted, or to be adopted, by the new 
 proprietors ; but the applicants received no definite answer. The fact was 
 reported to a meeting of settlers, at which a committee was appointed, con- 
 sisting of Elial T. Foote, Oliver Lee, Samuel Barrett, Leverett Barker, and 
 George T. Camp, who were to visit the new proprietors at Batavia, for the 
 information which they failed to obtain at Mayville. 
 
 The following is a copy of the " Genesee Land Tariff" as it was called. 
 It was copied by Judge Foote from the one exhibited to the Chautauqua 
 committee : 
 
 " In all cases of articles which have expired since the first of January, 1835, 
 or which may hereafter expire, a new sale may be made, and new contracts 
 may be issued, payable in ten annual installments, with interest annually, on 
 the following terms, one-eighth of the purchase money being paid down : 
 
 " I. In all cases where the amount due on the old contract is less than $3 
 on the acre, an advance of $1 on the acre to be charged. 
 
 " 2. Where the amount due is over $3 per acre, and less than $5, an 
 advance of $1.50 per acre to be charged. 
 
 " 3. Where the amount is over $5 on the acre, and less than $8, $2 per 
 acre to be added. 
 
 " 4. .Where there is due over $8 per acre, an advance of $3 per acre to 
 be charged. 
 
 " 5. Contracts which have been forfeited in consequence of non-compli- 
 ance with the notices, to be considered as expired. 
 
POLICY OF THE HOLLAND LAND COMPANY. 131 
 
 " 6. Any settler holding under an article expired since January last, may 
 be permitted to pay up and take a deed on the payment of per acre. 
 
 " 7. In all cases where the land is worth twice the amount of the purchase 
 money, a deed may be given and a mortgage taken on the above terms. 
 
 " 8. Any settler may surrender his article before it expires, and take a new 
 contract on the above terms. 
 
 " 9. These terms are for the benefit of actual settlers, and not to be 
 extended to those who hold contracts pledged for the payment of debts, or 
 who have purchased them for speculation ; but all such persons will be 
 required to pay the full value of the land. 
 
 " 10. In case any settler whose article has expired since the first of Jan- 
 uary last, or shall hereafter expire, shall neglect to take a new article on the 
 above terms, for the space of six months, the said land to be resold for a sum 
 not less than wild land. 
 
 "11. No advance to be charged upon lands held by widows and orphan 
 children. 
 
 "12. No wild land, or other land not heretofore articled, or any of that 
 class of expired articles purchased as wild lands, at $2 per acre, or the lots 
 in BaUvia or Buffalo to be sold until the same have been apprized, and a 
 price fixed by the proprietors. 
 
 "Dated November, 1835." 
 
 Incensed by what the settlers deemed an unreasonable advance on the 
 prices of their lands, arrangements were soon made for a raid upon the land- 
 office in Mayville, with a view to the destruction of the books and papers 
 belonging to the office. This design was carried into eflfect on the 6th of 
 February, 1836. The land-office was demolished ; and most of the books, 
 records, maps, mortgages and contracts, were carried off about two miles and 
 burned. The mob consisted of about two hundred and fifty men. The 
 excitement was not confined to this county. In the spring of 1836, a crowd 
 of seven hundred made a descent upon the Holland Company's office at 
 Batavia, which, however, was successfully defended by an organized military 
 force and citizens, armed from the state arsenal in that village, and two block- 
 houses, erected in anticipation of an attack. 
 
 Policy of Mr. Seward. 
 
 William H. Seward had, just before the day fixed for the attack upon the 
 Batavia office, been applied to by the new proprietors to assume the agency 
 of the estate. He was also to take an interest in the purchase. And sub- 
 sequently, Abraham M. Schermerhom, a banker in Rochester, also became 
 a partner. In June, 1836, before Mr. Seward had accepted the proposition 
 of the proprietors, a convention, held at Mayville, resolved, that the proprie- 
 tors be invited to open an office in the county, and pledged themselves that 
 the settlers would cheerfully pay the principal and interest accrued upon their 
 contracts, but would submit to no extortionate demands, by way of what was 
 called the " Genesee Tariff," compound interest, or otherwise. Confiding in 
 the intelligence and justice of the people, he was determined by this expres- 
 sion to accept the trust proposed. With a view to greater safety, he estab- 
 lished his office at Westfield, the citizens of that place having pledged them- 
 
132 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 selves to protect it from mob violence. Rooms were fitted up in the West- 
 field House building ; and the business was conducted to the general satis- 
 faction of the settlers. A commodious building for a land-office was soon 
 erected on North Portage street, and was occupied for this purpose until the 
 business of the new Company was closed. 
 
 In 1838, Mr. Seward was nominated for the office of governor. A few 
 weeks after, it was insinuated by an anonymous correspondent of a county 
 paper, that — 
 
 " The bonds and mortgages of the settlers of Chautauqua county are now 
 in Wall street. New York : 
 
 " That some Trust Company has a deed of all the lands of the settlers : 
 
 "That through the agency of Nicholas Biddle and others, William H. 
 Seward has raised money in Europe at an interest oi Jive per cent , while he 
 demands seven per cent, from you, [the settlers] : 
 
 " And that he and his associates pay interest annually, and extort interest 
 from you semi-annually." • 
 
 These accusations, as might be expected during an election campaign, 
 were copied into leading papers of the party opposed to Mr. Seward* elec- 
 tion, with numerous additional accusations : " having violated his agreement 
 with the settlers ; sold their mortgages to soulless corporations, which would 
 demand payment the moment they expired;" that their farms "would be 
 sold on mortgage for half their value, and Seward, a wealthy and heartless 
 speculator by trade, would be the purchaser, and thus rob the poor settlers of 
 millions of their hard earnings." 
 
 A few weeks after the publication of these accusations, Mr. Seward 
 addressed the citizens of Chautauqua county, through the press of the county, 
 defending himself against what he called " misrepresentations of fact and 
 injurious inferences." Regarding it as having a legitimate connection with 
 the history of the Holland Purchase, and especially that portion which is 
 embraced within the bounds of Chautauqua county, a large portion of it is 
 here copied as a part of our county history : 
 
 " Compelled by ill health to relinquish my profession, it seemed to me that 
 I might, without wrong or injury to you, contribute to restore peace, harmony 
 and prosperity in that flourishing region of the state where so much unhappy 
 agitation prevailed. . . . Nor did it appear to me morally wrong to 
 receive from the purchasers an adequate compensation for my services. The 
 compensation tendered, as an equivalent for the not unprofitable pursuits 
 which I abandoned, was invested in the purchase. 
 
 " The Holland Company reposed in me the extreme confidence of consti- 
 tuting me their agent, although I was a purchaser under them ; and it is due 
 to them and to the proprietors to say, that without even the previous formal- 
 ity of an agreement in writing, or other instrument than a letter of attorney, 
 I went among you to undertake the agency you desired should be estab- 
 lished. 
 
 " It was known to me that the Holland Company insisted upon its pay- 
 ments ; and these could only be made by raising a loan in Europe or else- 
 where, to meet their demands sooner than they could be collected from you, 
 without intolerable oppression. I therefore stipulated with the American 
 
POLICY OF THE HOLLAND LAND COMPANY. 1 33 
 
 Trust Company, before commencing my agency, that as soon as the liquida- 
 tion of the debts by bonds and mortgages could be effected, and the mone- 
 tary affairs of the country would permit, they should advance me their bonds 
 for the amount. I secured also an understanding with the Holland Com- 
 pany, that they would favor the proprietors and settlers, until I could accom- 
 plish this preliminary settlement and security. 
 
 " Thus prepared, I opened an office, and invited the settlers to liquidate 
 their debts, and quiet all alarm, as well about the title of their lands, as 
 the terms and conditions of their credit, by taking deeds and executing 
 bonds and mortgages for the purchase money. In less than eighteen 
 months, four thousand persons whom I found occupying lands, chiefly under 
 expired and legally forfeited contracts of sale, and excited and embarrassed 
 alike by the oppression and uncertainty of ever obtaining titles, and antici- 
 pated exactions upon their contracts — ^became freeholders — upon the terms 
 at their own option either of payment of their purchase money, or payment 
 of a convenient portion thereof, and a credit of five years for the residue.. 
 
 "When the occupant could not pay an advance, and his improvements 
 were insufficient to secure his debt, his contract, no matter how long 
 expired, was renewed without any payment. It was always, as you well 
 know, a principle of my agency, that no man could lose his land by forfeit- 
 ure, if he would but agree to pay fox it in five years. There was none so 
 poor that he could not secure his "farm and his fireside." I think, too, you 
 will recollect, that to the sick and infirm, I invariably sent their papers for 
 securing their farms; to the indigent, the money to bear their expenses to 
 the land-office ; and since I am arraigned as a ' soulless speculator,' I may 
 add, that to the widow, I always made a deduction from the debt of her 
 deceased husband. To the common schools I gave lands gratuitously for 
 their school-houses. From the time I came first among you to this period, I 
 have never refused any indulgence of credit and postponement that was 
 asked at my hands. 
 
 " When I found a few persons (as there must necessarily be some) who were 
 obstinate in refusing terms generally esteemed so liberal, I appealed to them 
 first through the public newspapers, then by letters through the post-office, and 
 finally by a message sent directly to their houses. When these efforts failed 
 to arrest their attention, and in a few cases legal proceedings or forfeitures 
 were necessary, I uniformly conveyed the land upon the same terms as if the 
 occupants had earlier complied with the terms which their fellow-citizens 
 deemed so reasonable and liberal. 
 
 " Thus contentment was universally diffused among you, when the pressure 
 of 1837 fell upon you, and me, and the whole country. Foreseeing many 
 cases of emljarrassment, in making payment on your bonds and mortgages 
 in that season of scarceness of money, I immediately issued a notice that 
 the first payment of principal would be dispensed with if the interest should 
 be paid. Having then obtained a definite proposition from the American 
 Trust Company, that an advance to the proprietors should be upon a credit 
 of ten years, with semi-annual interest, I immediately announced to you the 
 welcome and unexpected proposition to extend your bonds and mortgages 
 for the same period and upon the same terms. This proposition has been 
 generally accepted, and is yet open to all. 
 
 "On the nth of July, 1838, after two years' continued notice that the 
 title of the Holland Company would pass from them to the proprietors 
 or their trustees, the improved condition of the estate and the returning 
 
134 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 prosperity of the country, enabled me to conclude my arrangement with the 
 American Trust Company. That institution advanced to me its bonds for 
 the amount owed by you to the proprietors, and by the proprietors to the 
 Holland Company; and I paid them over to John Jacob Vanderkemp, agent of 
 the Holland Company, at a sacrifice to my associates and myself, in discharge 
 of their whole demands. Desirous to secure you against all possible incon- 
 venience from this arrangement, it was agreed that the estate should remain 
 as before, under my agency ; and the title of the lands, bonds, mortgages 
 and contracts, was vested by a deed in myself and two others as trustees, to 
 continue the settlement of the estate for the benefit of the proprietors and 
 the security of the American Trust Company. This deed was immediately 
 placed on record in Chautauqua county. The agreement between the parties 
 stipulates that my agency, in person or by my own appointment, shall con- 
 tinue three years ; and that payments made by you in Chautauqua county shall 
 be credited as soon as paid there. The bonds, mortgages and contracts remain 
 tinder this arrangement in the Chautauqua land-office, whence they have never 
 been removed. 
 
 " In this transaction the Bank of the United States has had this agency : 
 the general agent of the Holland Company has always kept his accounts and 
 deposits with that institution, and his remittances were made through it. 
 The payments from the Chautauqua office, like those of all the other offices 
 on that tract, pass through the same institution. It received the bonds of 
 the American Trust Company at a discount stipulated by me, arid paid for 
 them by a certificate of deposit to Mr. Vanderkemp, payable at six months. 
 
 " From this explanation it appears that your bonds and mortgages are not 
 in Wall street, nor in the Bank of the United States, but where you have 
 always found them — in the Chautauqua land-office. 
 
 " That no Trust Company, foreign or domestic, has a deed of your lands ; 
 but that the title of the lands of the state, and your securities; is vested in 
 myself and my associate trustees, citizens of this state, instead of Wilhem 
 Willink, Walrave Van Heukelom, and others in Europe : 
 
 " That neither through the agency of Nicholas Biddle, nor otherwise, have 
 I borrowed money in Europe or elsewhere, at 5 per cent., and loaned it to 
 you at 7 per cent. ; but that instead of demanding from you immediate pay- 
 ment of your indebtedness to the Holland Company, I have borrowed the 
 money upon your credit and that of the proprietors, and for your benefit and 
 ours, upon a term of ten years, at 7 per cent., of which you have the full 
 benefit : 
 
 " That the proprietors do not exact semi-annual interest while they pay 
 annually ; but that while they pay interest semi-annually, you pay annually 
 or semi-annually, at your own option : 
 
 "That your 'farms and firesides' have not been put in jeopardy by me, 
 but in just so much as a deed subject to a bond and mortgage, with ten 
 years' credit, is a more safe tenure, than an expired and forfeited contract of 
 sale, they have been secured to you : 
 
 "And that you have not been delivered over to a ' soulless corporation,' 
 but that your afiairs have been arranged so as to secure you against any pos- 
 sible extortion or oppression in any quarter ; and your bonds and mortgages 
 are more certainly accessible to you for payment than before the arrangement 
 was made. 
 
 " I have only to add, what you well recollect, that in all the settlement of 
 this estate, no cent of advance upon your farms, or compound interest, or of 
 
LA FAYETTE IN CHAUTAUQUA. 135 
 
 costs upon your debts, has gone into my hands, or those of any other pro- 
 prietor. That no man has ever lost an acre of land which he desired or 
 asked to retain, with or without money ; no bond, mortgage, or contract, has 
 been prosecuted for principal or less than two years' interest; no proceedings 
 of foreclosure have ever been instituted when the occupant would pay a sum 
 equal to one year's interest; and every forfeiture has been relinquished 
 upon an agreement to pay the principal and interest due. 
 
 " To the people of Chautauqua county of all political parties, this state- 
 ment is due, for the generous confidence they have reposed in me, and the 
 hospitality they have extended to me. It is required, moreover, by a due 
 regard for their welfare, since their prosperity must be seriously affected by 
 any discontents about their title and security. It is due to the harmony and 
 contentment of their firesides. And if it needs other apology, it will be 
 found in the duty I owe to others ; for, however willing I may be to leave 
 my own conduct to the test of time and candor, I can not suffer their 
 interests to be put in jeopardy. William H. Sew.\rd. 
 
 "Auburn, Oct. 15, 1838." 
 
 Cherry Valley Company's Purchase. 
 
 In 1828, a sale of unsold lands in the east and south-east towns of the 
 county, amounting to about 60,000 acres, was made by the Holland Land 
 Company, to James O. Morse, Levi Beardsley, and Alvan Stewart, who were 
 known as the " Cherry Valley Company." The following is a list of the 
 towns in which the lands were, and the number of acres in each : 
 
 Township i, r. 10, Carroll, 9,619 acres. Tp. 2, Poland, 5,398 acres. Tp. 
 3, Ellington, 1,015 acres. Tp. 4, Cherry Creek, 9,092 acres. Tp. 5, 
 Villenova, 5,246 acres. Tp. 6, Hanover, 3,273, besides Cattaraugus Village, 
 1,588 — in all, 4,861 acres. Range 11, tp. i, Kiantone and Busti, 2.824 acres. 
 Tp. 2, EUicott, 4,169 acres. Tp. 4, Charlotte, 6,218 acres. Tp. 5, Ark- 
 wright, 5,066 acres. Tp. 6, Sheridan, 747 acres. Range 12, Busti and 
 Harmony, 5,857 acres. — Total, 60,112 acres. 
 
 LA FAYETTE IN CHAUTAUQUA. 
 
 Gilbert Motier, Marquis de La Fayette, was bom in France, Sept. 
 6, 1757, and was married at the early age of sixteen years. Though posses- 
 sed of an immense estate, he adopted the profession of a soldier, and, at 
 the age of nineteen, was stationed as captain of dragoons at one of the gar- 
 risoned towns of France. Having heard of the revolt of the American 
 colonies, and of the subsequent declaration of independence, and sympa- 
 thizing with the colonists, he determined to take part in the struggle, and 
 offered his services to Ccftigress. The rank of major-general was promised 
 him by the American commissioner at Paris. 
 
 News having been received of the disastrous campaign of 1776, he was 
 advised to abandon his intention. His wife is said to have exhorted him to 
 
136 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 persevere. He resolved to purchase a vessel, to freight it with supplies, and 
 to set sail for America. His purpose having been discovered, a royal order 
 was issued to detain him ; but making his escape to Spain with De Kalb and 
 others, he succeeded in embarking in his vessel from that kingdom. After a 
 protracted and stormy passage, he landed at Georgetown, S. C, hastened to 
 Philadelphia, and presented his recommendations to Congress. He was 
 answered, that, in consequence of so many applications having been received, 
 there was doubt of his obtaining a commission. Determined to aid the 
 struggling colonists, he offered his services as a volunteer, and without pay. 
 His letters were examined, and he was tendered a commission as major- 
 general. He was wounded at the battle of Brandywine, and debarred for a 
 time from active service. 
 
 In 1788, France declared war against England, and formed an alliance 
 with the United States. His own country now having need of his services, 
 he obtained leave of absence. * Complimentary resolutions, and a beauti- 
 fully ornamented sword, were voted by Congress. He was received by his 
 countrymen with great enthusiasm. 
 
 After an absence of fifteen months, he returned with the assistance of 
 money and a Frefich fleet bringing Rochambeau and 6,000 soldiers, and 
 rejoined Washington. He again took an active part in the war, and distin- 
 guished himself by his successful conduct of the campaign against Cornwallis 
 at Yorktown. He again returned to France, and procured additional assist- 
 ance^6o vessels and 24,000 men, and money. Soon after arrival, tidings of 
 peace were received. 
 
 In 1784, at the invitation of Washington, he again revisited the United 
 States. He arrived in August and departed in December, Congress taking 
 a formal leave of him. In 1824, he visited this country for the last time. 
 He landed at New York in August, and took a tour through the United 
 States, going west to the Mississippi, and returning through the Northern 
 states. The highest honors were everywhere paid him ; and he was received 
 with an enthusiasm seldom if ever equaled. So liberally did he share in the 
 cordial greetings and the hospitalities of the people on his tour of several 
 months, that he was everywhere hailed as " The Nation's Guest." In two 
 towns in our county, thousands of our citizens were favored with an oppor- 
 tunity of testifying their gratitude for his particular services in the nation's 
 struggle for independence. 
 
 Reception at Westfield. 
 
 In anticipation of the arrival of the illustrious guest of the nation into our 
 state from Pennsylvania, a number of gentlemen assembled at Westfield, June 
 2, 1825, on the evening previous to his expected arrival, to make arrange- 
 ments for his reception into the state, and to escort and welcome him to that 
 village. A committee of arrangements was appointed, consisting of the fol- 
 lowing named persons: Jonathan Cass, Joseph Farnsworth, Henry .^bell, 
 Oliver Lee, Joshua R. Babcock, Fenn Demming, Eliphalet L. Tinker, Silas 
 
LA FAYETTE IN CHAUTAUQUA. 1 37 
 
 Spencer, Thomas B. Campbell, Lemon Averill, John Dexter, Ebenezer P. 
 Upham, Wm. Peacock, Thomas A. Osborne. 
 
 A superb carriage, owned by the Hon. Wm. Peacock, was furnished for 
 the conveyance of the General from the state line to Westfield. Messrs. T. 
 B. Campbell, Silas Spencer, Ebenezer P. Upham and Fenn Demming, of the 
 committee, proceeded to the state line. On his arrival and introduction, he 
 was presented by T. B. Campbell, Esq., in behalf of the committee, with the 
 following address : 
 
 " General La Fayette : With hearts full of gratitude for services ren- 
 dered our country, we, as a committee, in behalf of the citizens of Westfield, 
 have come to meet you and welcome your return to the state of New York. 
 
 " We assure you, General, that the same grateful feelings which have been 
 so unanimously expressed to you by the people of this republic, influence 
 and animate the citizens of this part of our state ; and although unable to 
 receive you i^ith the splendor which accompanied your reception on landing 
 upon our shores, yet we do receive you with no less affectionate and grateful 
 hearts." 
 
 To which the General replied : 
 
 " I am fully sensible of the kindness and affection thus expressed to me 
 by the people of this part of your state ; and I assure you, sir, it affords me 
 much pleasure to take you by the hand and return you, and, through you, the 
 citizens of Westfield, my hearty thanks for the respectful manner in which 
 they have been pleased to communicate their feelings towards me. I am 
 very happy to find myself again in the patriotic state of New York. Accept, 
 sir, for yourself and the other gentlemen of the committee, the assurance of 
 my best wishes for your health and happiness." 
 
 From the state line the General was escorted by a large number of gentle- 
 men on horseback, collected from Ellery, Chautauqua, Portland and Ripley. 
 At Westfield, the military had been under arms throughout the day to receive 
 him. An immense concourse of citizens fi-om the neighboring towns was 
 likewise awaiting, with intense anxiety, the signals of his approach. At a 
 little after sunset, on Friday evening, the signal guns announced the joyful 
 tidings of the veteran's arrival. The public houses were illuminated in front, 
 and a bonfire- was kindled upon the public square, which added much to the 
 grandeur of the scene. The General was then received amidst the discharge 
 of cannon. The appearance of the military, particularly the company of 
 Light Infantry commanded by Capt. Towle, did honor to themselves and the 
 occasion. 
 
 The General, on being introduced into the room provided for the occasion, 
 was presented by Mr. Campbell to the other gentlemen of the committee 
 there assembled, when Mr. Osborne, in their behalf, delivered the following 
 address : 
 
 " General : Permit our feeble notes of congratulating welcome to swell 
 the general anthem of the American nation. Taught fi-om infancy to lisp 
 the venerated name of La Fayette, which now trembles upon our tongue 
 with gratitude and joy, we greet thee as the champion of freedom, the friend 
 of Washington, of our country and her institutions, and the benefactor of 
 
138 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 mankind. While the burst of grateful acclamation which hailed your land- 
 ing upon our shores has been borne on the tide of grateful hearts, until the 
 remotest parts of the Union have vibrated with its influence, we of Western 
 New York have cause for deep and peculiar emotions. , 
 
 " At the period of your valuable labors for the establishment of our repub- 
 lic, the spot upon which you stand was only tenanted by the howling inhab- 
 itants of the wilderness. Until a long subsequent period, our country was 
 without a name and without a population. Now, within its borders the hearts 
 of more than twenty thousand freemen beat your welcome. It is to you 
 whom we now address, that, more than to any other, this important change 
 is to be attributed. The counsels of your wisdom were felt in the cabinet, 
 and your youthful arm lent vigor to their execution in the field. Animated 
 by your spirit and fired by your example, your king and your country stepped 
 forth in the cause of liberty and man, and forever sealed the fate of tyranny 
 in this western hemisphere. The life-giving energies of the triumph of liberty 
 were felt in the rapid increase of population and settlement. Had a state of 
 colonial servitude and dependence continued, your eye would not now have 
 witnessed our fields covered with golden grain, waving their undulating shad- 
 ows with sportive playfulness in the breeze. Compare, as you traverse the 
 mighty Niagara, the colonial and the independent shores, and by their con- 
 trast test the influence of liberty on the improvement and settlement of the 
 country, and the promotion of the social happiness of man. 
 
 " Finally, General, in behalf of the citizens of the vicinity, we tender to 
 you our most cordial congratulations upon your arrival among them, and the 
 anxious aspirations of their hearts, that the evening of your days may be as 
 tranquil as your life has been constant in the pursuit of freedom. That they 
 have enjoyed the felicity of meeting and welcoming you among them, will 
 ever be among the most gratifying of their recollections, while the remem- 
 brance of the aflfectionate farewell which they must shortly bid you, their 
 father and their friend, can not fail to awaken the liveliest sensibilities of their 
 natures, and call forth the most poignant grief." 
 
 To ^hich the General replied as follows : 
 
 " Gentlemen : I can not express to you my happiness at the kindness of 
 your reception. When, about ten months since, .1 first landed- upon your 
 shores, I was received in a manner which can never be forgotten. The 
 impression then received has been heightened by every subsequent event. 
 Wherever I have been, I have received the kindest welcome. "But it affords 
 me peculiar pleasure to be thus received here in Western New York, and to 
 witness the astonishing rapidity of its progress in improvement and settle- 
 ment. Accept, sirs, my best wishes for your personal happiness, and, 
 gentlemen, for the happiness of you all. I am happy to enjoy the interview; 
 to see you all assembled ; and sincerely regret that circumstances render it 
 necessary that my stay with you should be so short." 
 
 The General was then introduced individually to the ladies and gentlemen 
 assembled, and appeared to be, highly gratified with the scene. Among the 
 gentlemen introduced were a number of the soldiers of the Revolution. The 
 interviews between the General and these companions in arms were cordial 
 and affecting. 
 
 He was then presented to the Fredonia delegation, in waiting to escort 
 him to that village ; and, after a stay of about two hours, at about ten o'clock 
 
LA FAYETTE IN CHAUTAUQUA. 1 39 
 
 in the evening, they departed during the discharge of twenty-four rounds 
 from the artillery, with every demonstration of gratification on his part, and 
 of respect and veneration on the part of the citizens assembled. 
 
 Reception at Fredonia. 
 
 The account of the reception of the " Nation's Guest " at Fredonia was 
 published in the Censor, of June 9, 1825, as follows : 
 
 Gen. La Fayette, with his suite, Col. G. W. La Fayette, and Messrs. Le 
 Vasseur and De Syon, arrived in this village on Saturday last, [June 4th,] at 
 about two o'clock in the morning, on his way to the eastward. He left 
 Waterford, Pa., about 7 o'clock on Friday morning, and arrived here — 2l 
 distance of 60 miles — ^without making any long stops, traveling in the night. 
 
 His approach was announced by a salute of thirteen guns from Capt. 
 Brown's company of artillery, which, with Capt. Whitcomb's rifle rangers 
 and detachments of the 169th regiment, were posted on the west hill 
 to receive him. When he arrived, the military marched in advance down 
 the hill, and halted in front of Abell's hotel, [the present site of the Taylor 
 house]. Here the ladies had been collected, and with the military. Revolu- 
 tionary soldiers and citizens, formed into two lines extending to the platform 
 erected in front of the hotel. The General and suite then alighted, walked 
 down the lines, and ascended the platform, followed by the committee of 
 arrangements and military officers. The committee, clergy, etc., having been 
 introduced, the Rev. David Brown, of the Episcopal church, at the request 
 of the committee, thus addressed our distinguished guest : 
 
 " Gen. La Fayette : We rejoice to see you. We greet you welcome to 
 our rural hospitalities, and thank you for the great pleasure thus to salute a 
 man most high and most dear in the estimation of every American. It pains 
 me, sir, to add the least possible degree to your fatigue at this late hour of 
 the night, but my fellow-citizens, having appointed me to the honor of 
 addressing you, expect from me a passing remark on the motives which 
 have prompted the little attentions within our limited powers, dwelling, as 
 we do, where shortly since dwelt beasts of the forest. 
 
 " It will suffice to tell how much and for what we admire you ; but, sir, 
 our admiration is qualified by a dearer sentiment. We greatly admire your 
 character as standing in the front rank of the true and disinterested cham- 
 pions of the universal republic, whose citizens comprise all the friends of 
 liberty on earth.. We admire the brilliant luster of your early heroism, by 
 which you were inspired to rend the strongest ties of nature, and as a disin- 
 terested volunteer in the righteous cause of liberty, to burst from the attrac- 
 tions of all that was splendid and all that was lovely. In this act of your 
 youth, sir, as in many that followed, we behold an eminent illustration of the 
 much admired virtue, which enabled a great chief of sacred antiquity to look 
 down with indifference on all the splendors and glories of the royal court of 
 Egypt, when the cause of freedom and of God called him to the privations 
 and dangers of a hostile wilderness. 
 
 " That, at every earthly hazard, through a life devoted to the vindication 
 of liberty, you have uniformly asserted the rights of man, we admire you ; 
 and we rejoice in an opportunity to acknowledge your undisputed claims to 
 
I40 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 the gratitude and admiration of the world. We are almost lost in admira- 
 tion, sir, as we look forward to the transcendent eminence that you will here- 
 after occupy in the history of all princes and potentates of the earth, how- 
 ever shining may have been their career, nay, how great soever their virtues ; 
 for, with our own Washington, you have shown that ' a man is greater than 
 a monarch.' 
 
 " But it is not so much by our admiration of what is illustrious in the 
 character of Gen. La Fayette that we are moved and animated on this occa- 
 sion, as by our veneration and love for what is excellent and amiable. Most 
 sincerely and deeply do we appreciate the respect and admiration of your 
 exalted character ; yet, the sentiment that predominates over even these, if 
 not in general estimation more highly honorable, we feel as not less your 
 due as our benefactor and friend, nor less worthy ourselves as Americans. 
 We love you, sir, as our friend, and our fathers' friend ; we love you and can 
 never forsake you. Never can our hearts beat with sentiments becoming 
 men and Americans, when .they shall have ceased to glow with filial affec- 
 tion for Gen. La Fayette. 
 
 " It would be needless to speak of the origin and strength and warmth 
 of affection entertained for you by those who took part with you in the 
 liberation of our country from a foreign yoke. It may not, however, be 
 unpleasing, we hope, to be reminded of the means by which, in the bosoms 
 of the generations that have since come on the stage of life, this sentiment 
 has been implanted and made to grow with our growth and to strengthen 
 with our strength. For almost half a century, sir, your name, associated 
 with all that is amiable in the philanthropist, as well as all that is chivalrous 
 in the soldier of liberty, has been one of our most favorite ' household 
 words.' 
 
 " When, in your tour through our country, our hearts have followed you 
 and witnessed your emotions while embracing your old comrades in arms — 
 especially when our sympathies were roused by the sublime and affecting 
 scene at the sepulchre of our Washington, the interesting fire-side scenes of 
 our early days were again brought home to our bosoms, when our fathers 
 and our mothers taught us to venerate — to love the name of La Fayette. I 
 have seen and I have felt the tear standing in the eye of childhood, when 
 the tale has been told of your youthful disinterestedness, in devoting your 
 fortune, your life, and your honor to the cause of our country, and of your 
 sufferings and wrongs, and of your unbending virtues that no sufferings nor 
 wrongs could subdue. 
 
 "When the fires of persecution assailed you, sir, our hearts were taught 
 to bum with indignation, and to shiver at the name of Olmutz, when its 
 prison damps were settling on the brow of our hero and friend. God be 
 thanked, we trust those scenes of sufferings and wrongs and persecutions will 
 no more be renewed. But on this spirit stirring subject I must not dwell. 
 In behalf of my beloved fellow-citizens, most cordially do I welcome you, 
 where, through the influence of our free institutions, which you yourself, sir, 
 so greatly contributed to rear, the wilderness of yesterday is now blossoming 
 as the rose. As our country's friend and benefactor, with heartfelt sincerity 
 and gratitude do I salute you. May that ever gracious Being, by whom we 
 are thus favored, strew the path of your pilgiimage with his richest blessings, 
 until, at some far distant day, he may please to receive you to Himself in 
 glory everlasting." 
 
 The General grasped the speaker's hand with great emotion, and replied : 
 
LA FAYETTE IN CHAUTAUQUA. I41 
 
 " My Dear Sir : Accept my most sincere thanks for your most affec- 
 tionate address. Your allusion to my early visit to America, to my services 
 here and to my sufferings since, are very kind, and, as I must frankly con- 
 fess, are very gratifying to Aiy feelings. The manner of my reception here, 
 my very dear sir, in a place so shortly since a wilderness, as you have said, 
 surprises me as much as it pleases me. Surely, I am very much obliged. 
 And I beg you, sir, with the committee, who have shown me every kindness, 
 to accept my grateful acknowledgments." 
 
 The General, then turning to the military and ladies and citizens, assem- 
 bled in front of the bower, addressed them in a warm and animated 
 style of thankfulness for their attentions, and especially for awaiting his arri- 
 val to so late an hour. * * * " That the ladies, too," to use his own 
 affectionate words, "that the ladies, too, should remain up all night to receive 
 me, surely it is too much." 
 
 After several introductions, the ladies were presented to him, to whom he 
 severally gave his hand, greeting them most affectionately, and giving them 
 many compliments for these flattering testimonials of their respect to him. 
 The Revolutionary soldiers were next introduced to him. The scene was 
 truly interesting. The crowd was so great, that, to afford all an opportunity 
 to see him, he took a stand on the front of the platform, where the military 
 and citizens passed in review before him. He then sat down to an entertain- 
 ment prepared by Mr. Abell with great taste and elegance. 
 
 Day began to dawn when he arose from the table ; and the military, again 
 in advance, escorted him to Dunkirk, where, with the committee and several 
 military officers from this place, he embarked on board the steam brig Supe- 
 rior, which, agreeably to an arrangement, was in readiness to receive him on 
 board and convey him to Buffalo. As the yawl was gliding along, a salute of 
 twenty-four guns was fired from the steamboat in quick succession, which was 
 followed by another salute of twenty-four gims from the artillery on shore, in 
 a handsome style. 
 
 Too much praise can not be bestowed upon the military and band of 
 music belonging to Col. Abell's regiment — ^all under the command of Col. 
 Smith, the marshal of the day — who turned out on so short a notice ; and, 
 notwithstanding their fatigue and exhaustion, patiently and soldier-like kept 
 on the ground, not only all day but all night, to welcome the " Guest of the 
 Nation." It was a pleasure to see Major-General Risley, with a part of his 
 staff, and Brigadier-General Barker, contributing, as on all similar occasions, 
 greatly to the fine appearance of the military. The entertainment and prep- 
 arations made by Mr. Abell were splendid, and got up in a style worthy the 
 reception of so distinguished a guest. 
 
 The platform erected in front of the house, set round with green trees 
 planted in the ground, overhung with lamps and chandeliers, with an arch in 
 front, all beautifully dressed off by the fine taste and decorations of our 
 ladies, had an effect at that late hour of the night, and amid the illumina- 
 tions of the village, bordering on enchantment. And to crown the imposing 
 scene, the eloquent, spirit-stirring address delivered by the Rev. Mr. Brown, 
 
142 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 in a manner preeminently calculated to awaken the ardor of the patriot's 
 bosom, had an effect which we are unable adequately to describe. Every 
 eye gazed intently, now at the General and now at the orator, with thrilling 
 delight. The reply of the General was warm and affectionate, and showed 
 that the patriotic flame which burst forth so brilliantly and burned so efful- 
 gently in the Revolutionary struggle, had not ceased to glow in his devoted 
 bosom at this late period of his life. 
 
 The procession accompanying the General from this place to Dunkirk, 
 consisting of the military, and ladies and citizens in carriages and on horse- 
 back, extended very nearly a mile. We were highly gratified with the hand- 
 some manner of his reception by the Buffalo committee on the pier at 
 Dunkirk. The steam brig lay off a mile from shore, and presented a fine 
 appearance. Her salute was in a style that would have been creditable to a 
 ship of war ; and with the advantage of an echo from our forests, rolling 
 back its reverberations on the ears of thousands of spectators, we scarcely 
 recollect anything equal to it. 
 
 The morning was clear and tranquil, and everything in Nature seemed to 
 have been carefully arranged for the purpose of contributing to the interest 
 of the occasion. 
 
 TEMPERANCE HISTORY. 
 
 Drinking Customs. 
 
 The use of intoxicating liquors as a beverage by all classes of the commu- 
 nity, and the direful consequences of its use, prevailed throughout the coun- 
 try. Although the evils of intemperance are still lamentably prevalent, a 
 material change in the custom of drinking has been wrought. Good men 
 and bad indulged in it. The whisky jug was thought an indispensable help 
 in the harvest field, and was ever present at house-raisings, log-rollings, and 
 corn-huskings ; nor was the decanter with its exhilarating contents usually 
 wanting at social gatherings. A man meeting a friend near a tavern, invited 
 him to the bar to " take a drink." A man was deemed wanting in hospitality 
 if he did not " treat" his visitors. A traveler stopping at a tavern to warm 
 himself, thought it " mean " to leave without patronizing the bar to the 
 amount of a sixpence or a shilling. ' The idea had not been conceived, that 
 both parties would have been gainers if the money had been paid for the 
 fire, and the liquor left in the decanter. Liquor bought by the gallon, and 
 even by the barrel, was kept in families for daily use. Seated at the break- 
 fast table, the glass was passed round to " give an appetite." Bittered with 
 some herb or drug, it was used as a " sovereign remedy " for many of the ail- 
 ments " flesh is heir to," and often as a preventive. It was taken because 
 the weather was hot, and because it was cold. Liquors being kept in coun- 
 try stores, some merchants were wont to treat their customers, especially 
 
TEMPERANCE HISTORY. 143 
 
 when they made large bills, and sometimes beforehand, to sharpen their 
 appetite for trading. Happily most of these customs have become obsolete 
 among the better classes of society, and, it is hoped, never to be revived.. 
 
 In nearly every town was a distillery — in some towns a number — where 
 fanners exchanged their rye and com for whisky, which was a common arti- 
 cle of traffic. Merchants exchanged for it the grain received from their cus- 
 tomers, and, after supplying the demand at home, sent the surplus to the 
 eastern markets, after the opening of the Erie canal. Having reached its 
 destination, a large portion of it was, by some mystic process, suddenly con- 
 verted into another article, and, under a different name, bought, perhaps, by 
 the same country merchants, to supply their customers with " a pure brandy 
 for medicinal purposes.'' 
 
 That drunkenness, and its natural concomitants — poverty, crime, and pre- 
 mature death — were the result of the practices we have mentioned, is not 
 surprising. The marvel is, that the opinions and habits so long prevalent, 
 should have had the sanction of good men. The evils of intemperance be- 
 came at length intolerable, and remedial measures began to be suggested and 
 discussed. 
 
 Further evidence of the general prevalence of liquors as a beverage among 
 all cla.sses, is found in the by-laws adopted by the grand jury of Chautauqua 
 county, in June, 1827 — a body of men whose duty it was to indict men for 
 crimes, the most of which were committed under the influence of the bever- 
 age which was the principal cause of crime, and to the popular use of which 
 these inquisitors of crime contributed the weight of their example. The 
 subject of by-laws was referred to a committee who reported seven rules, the 
 first two of which were as follows : 
 
 " I. That the foreman of the jury pay one bottle of brandy for the honor 
 of his seat. 2. That the secretary also pay one bottle." 
 
 The other rules imposed fines of 12)^ cents for the violation of certain 
 rules of etiquette, or non-observance of some prescribed formality. And it 
 is quite probable that these fines were expended in intoxicating drinks. 
 
 A noticeable specimen of the use and cost of liquor is found in a tavern 
 bar-book of Jacob Fenton in Jamestown, in 1817. A glance over its pages 
 will convince any person of the mistake of those who think that more liquor 
 is drunk now than there was before the organization of temperance societies. 
 On page 19, G. G. is charged with 3 half pints whisky, at three different 
 times, at 25 cents each, making 75 cents, and supper and lodging, 44 cents. 
 Total, $1.19. N. L. is charged 3 milk punches, 25 cents each. E. W. is 
 credited on account $2.05, to apply on tavern bills contracted, it is presumed, 
 at the above rates. H. B., i gill whisky, 13c. W. M., 2 gills whisky, 25c. 
 A Mr. J. M. buys, in one day, 5 gills at i2}4c. each. On the next page 
 are charged 11 gills at i2j^c. each, and 2 breakfasts at 37c.; 2 lodgings at 
 7c., and a supper, 2sc. Total, $2.44. This man probably had a wife and 
 children in town. On another page are 7 half pints whisky at iz^c, and 
 I qt. porter, 25c., charged in succession, no charge against another person 
 
144 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 intervening. Here are seen the names of well known business men scat- 
 tered through the book. It is readily seen that, in proportion to the capital 
 employed, tavern-keeping must have been the most lucrative business at that 
 time carried on ; provided, however, that there were no " bad debts." A 
 citizen is charged for i gallon and i qt. $2.50 ; from which it appears that 
 " landlord " Fenton sold for the same price, pro rata, by wholesale and 
 retail. 
 
 Temperance Reform Measures. 
 
 Where, or how, or when the temperance reform originated, is, perhaps, not 
 now known. The first temperance document the writer recollects, was an ad- 
 dress by Mr. Kittridge, of New Hampshire, which, if it did not start the reform, 
 gave it a powerful impetus ; and the name of the pamphlet, " Kittridge's Ad- 
 dress," became, in some parts of the country, as familiar as a household word. 
 This was soon followed [in 1826] by "Six Sermons on Intemperance," by Rev. 
 Lyman Beecher, of Boston, which also rendered the cause essential service. 
 A portion of the newspaper press soon came to its support. Meetings were 
 held in all parts of the country. The pledge of abstinence was circulated, 
 and was signed by a large number of both sexes, among whom were many 
 intemperate persons. Although many of these relapsed, some were effect- 
 ually reclaimed. 
 
 For a number of years only spirituous liquors were interdicted by the 
 pledge. Complete success, it was believed, required abstinence from intox- 
 icating liquors of all kinds ; and the societies soon adopted the principle of 
 total abstinence. 
 
 When and where the first temperaiue society was formed, perhaps no person 
 knows. The Chautauqua County Temperance Society, auxiliary to the state 
 society, was organized in 1829. Pursuant to previous notice, the friends of 
 temperance met at the court-house for the purpose of forming a society. In 
 a county containing 31,000 inhabitants, only fifteen met for that purpose. 
 The number being so small, they repaired to the law office of Anselm Potter, 
 and organized by choosing Elial T. Foote, president, and Harvey Newcomb, 
 secretary. Among the number assembled were Abner Hazeltine, Hiram 
 Couch, and Thomas W. Harvey. This organization, though small in its 
 beginning, soon became a respectable and efficient society, sustained by 
 auxiliaries in the several towns. 
 
 Like other reformatory movements, the temperance cause had both open 
 and negative opponents. Among the latter were respectable men. Some of 
 them drank temperately; others, perhaps not at all, but would "not sign 
 away their liberty," and manifested their professed regard for their unfortunate 
 fellow-men by a " masterly inactivity." In their view, it was well enough for 
 drunkards, and those Ukely to become such, to take the pledge ; but for the 
 temperate it was not necessary. Among these were at first many members 
 of religious societies, whose example furnished the intemperate and the .occa- 
 sional drunkard with the most effective shield against the arguments and 
 
TEMPERANCE SOCIETIES. I4S 
 
 entreaties of the friends of the cause. Happily, many of these, convinced 
 of the adverse influence of their example, abandoned their position, and took 
 an active part in the reformation. 
 
 About the year 1840, a fresh impulse was given to the temperance cause 
 by the efforts of men called Washingtonians. A number of abandoned men 
 in the city of Baltimore, who had been wont to spehd their evenings at the 
 taverns and other haunts of the vicious and dissipated, resolved to reform, 
 and at once became " teetotalers." They traversed a larg€ portion of the 
 country, lecturing to large gatherings. Drunkards in large numbers and from 
 great distances attended ; and many of them signed the pledge. The most 
 noted of this band of reformers was John Hawkins, who, though unlettered, 
 was one of the most effective lecturers in the country. Although there was 
 nothing in their principles or mode of operation to distinguish them from 
 other temperance men, they took the name of " Washingtonians." Their 
 efforts resulted in the reformation of many drunkards, who became mission- 
 aries, and constituted, for a time, the principal lecturing force of the country. 
 
 It must be confessed, however, that the benefits of this " temperance revi- 
 val" which many anticipated, were not fully realized. These reformers came 
 to be regarded by many as almost the only efficient champions of the cause, 
 while its earliest and ablest advocates were lightly esteemed. Hence these 
 were chiefly superseded as lecturers, by reformed inebriates, many of whom, 
 though for the time abstaining from the use of intoxicating drinks, were far 
 from having attained the character of the true reformer. Often was the pul- 
 pit surrendered, on the sabbath, to men whose mirth-provoking stories were 
 wholly unbecoming the place and the occasion. It is not strange that some 
 who, under such influences, signed the pledge, soon relapsed into their former 
 habits. Still, much good was accomplished. Probably about this time, and 
 for several years thereafter, less ardent spirits were drank in proportion to our 
 population, than at any other time since distilleries were first established. 
 
 The Washingtonian movement was succeeded by other organizations. 
 Among the earliest of them was that of the Sons of Temperance, which was for 
 several years a popular order of temperance men. But it seems to have been, 
 to a considerable extent, superseded by the Good Templars, who have organ- 
 izations in most of the towns. These two orders are both secret. Whether 
 their efficiency is increased by this feature in their organization, or not, it is 
 not easy to determine. 
 
 As incidental to the efforts for the promotion of the temperance reforma- 
 tion, came the license question. Notwithstanding the marked progress of the 
 cause by the simple instrumentality of the pledge, many, with a view to its 
 more rapid advancement, began to mvoke the aid of legislation by the 
 enactment of prohibUory laws. Without questioning the propriety of these 
 laws, it may be said, with truth, that in proportion as the friends of the cause 
 relied on legislation to accomplish the desired reform, their labors in the use 
 of the pledge were relaxed. The effect of this relaxation of effort was a 
 retrogression of the cause. 
 
146 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 A stringent prohibitory law was passed in Maine. Well authenticated 
 official statements soon showed a reduction, in some districts, of more than 
 three-fourths of the expense of pauperism and crime. A similar law was tried 
 in one or more other states, and with similar results, for short periods of 
 time. But the strong opposition which these laws have encountered has 
 greatly impaired their efficiency, or effected their repeal. Hence many of 
 the friends of temperance advise a return to the old tried and effectual 
 method of promoting the cause, not as a substitute for legislation, but as a 
 means of reclaiming inebriates, and of preparing public sentiment to sustain 
 prohibitory laws if any should be enacted. 
 
 Many different laws for checking the evils of intemperance have been 
 enacted in many of the states. In communities in which these laws have 
 been enforced, they have had a salutary effect. But they are generally little 
 more than a dead letter on the statute book. The evil to be remedied is 
 firmly rooted; and its eradication, or even its material mitigation, requires 
 unwearied, persevering effort on the part of the friends of temperance. 
 Although intemperance may be measurably checked by legislation, more 
 may be done hy prevention. Let the young be trained in the principles of 
 Christian morality, and be early pledged to total abstinence from all intoxi- 
 cating drinks, and a marked improvement in the state of society will soon 
 appear. 
 
 ANTISLAVERY HISTORY. 
 
 In 1829, Wm. Lloyd Garrison became joint-editor of the Genius of Uni- 
 versal Emancipation, an antislavery journal, published in Baltimore, pre- 
 viously established, it is believed, by Benjamin Lundy. It had advocated 
 the gradual abolition of slavery; but Mr. Garrison distinctly avowed the 
 doctrine that immediate emancipation was the right of the slave, and the 
 duty of the master. Having, soon after, denounced certain persons engaged 
 in the domestic slave-trade, which he stigmatized as " domestic piracy," he 
 was tried and convicted for a libel. Unable to pay the penalty, he was sent 
 to prison. After a few weeks' confinement, a friend paid the fine, and 
 released him. He went to Boston, where, on the ist of January, 1831, he 
 issued the first number of the Liberator. Other papers soon followed in 
 advocating immediate abolition of slavery ; and antislavery societies began to 
 be formed. The American Antislavery Society was formed in 1833. 
 
 The abolitionists believed with their opponents, that slavery in the states 
 could only be abolished by their respective governments. Their chief object 
 was, by the discussion of the subject, in all its bearings, social, moral, and 
 political, to convince slaveholders that it was their duty, and that it would be 
 for their interest, to aboUsh slavery. They hoped also, that a general expres- 
 sion of northern sentiment against the institution as morally wrong, might 
 
ANTISLAVERY HISTORY. 147 
 
 serve to hasten action on the part of the slave states. And as the power of 
 Congress to abohsh slavery in the District of Columbia and the territories of 
 the United States, was generally admitted in the North, petitions in vast 
 numbers, praying for the exercise of this power, were sent to Congress from 
 all the free states. Town and county societies were formed throughout the 
 North. This movement alarmed as well as exasperated the southern people ; 
 and the excitement soon became general. In the North as well as in the 
 South, meetings were held, and resolutions passed, bitterly denouncing the 
 abolitionists. Antislavery meetings in many places were broken up by 
 violence, and several antislavery presses were demolished. 
 
 These acts of violence were not always the work of men of the "baser 
 sort," but were, in many instances, not only instigated hnt perpetrated by men 
 of high standing. The men who, in Utica, in 1835, entered a church in 
 which the delegates of the New York State Antislavery Society were assem- 
 bled, and actually dispersed the occupants of the house by force, were promi- 
 nent professional men and other men of high official and social position. A 
 respectable minister, a resident of the city, was violently thrown upon the 
 floor, his own son, a lawyer, being one of the participators in the shameful 
 affray. The governor of the state, in 1836, took part in a meeting in Albany, 
 by which the most denunciatory resolutions against the abolitionists were 
 passed, and the deepest sympathy was expressed for their "southern 
 brethren." . 
 
 An antislavery convention had assembled in a court-house in Western 
 New York. A committee of fifty, embracing nearly every man of fair social 
 position in the village, having been appointed for the purpose at a public 
 meeting, entered the court-house, and read the resolutions adopted at that 
 meeting, disapproving the views of the abolitionists, and advising the con- 
 vention to disperse, intimating that they might not be permitted to proceed 
 peaceably in their deliberations. In the gallery were seated about twenty 
 ruffians, who, on signals given by two lawyers and an editor standing below 
 and facing the gallery, would, by hissing, stamping, and other noises, inter- 
 rupt the proceedings of the convention. After several fruitless attempts to 
 proceed to the transaction of business, the meeting was adjourned to a future 
 day, and to another part of the county. 
 
 Many now will wonder that the discussion of an evil of such magnitude, 
 should not be allowed in a country whose constitution guaranties the right 
 oi freedom of speech, even when the subject is liberty itself. It is, however, 
 proper to state, that much of this opposition to the antislavery effort arose, 
 not firom a regard for slavery, but from a misapprehension of the aims of the 
 abolitionists. [For political action on the slavery question, see Political 
 History.] 
 
 A majority of Congress being opposed to the objects of the abolitionists, 
 who continued to send in their petitions for the abolition of slavery in the 
 District of Columbia, and for prohibiting the slave trade between the states, 
 the house resolved that such petitions should, on presentation, be laid on the 
 
148 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 table without being debated, printed, or referred. This action of the house 
 rather increased than allayed agitation ; and petitions were daily offered as 
 usual^some for the repeal of the " gag resolutions," as they were called. 
 
 But as yet there was no political antislavery party. The abolitionists, 
 however, began to vote for candidates in favor of their views without respect 
 to party. The subject of a political organization was soon after agitated ; 
 and in November, 1839, at a small meeting of abolitionists in Western New 
 York, James G. Birney, formerly a slaveholder in Alabama, who had eman- 
 cipated his slaves and removed to the North, was nominated for president. 
 This party never became numerous. A large majority of the abolitionists 
 refused to join it, believing their object was more likely to be effected by 
 adhering to the original plan of the societies. 
 
 MEDICAL SOCIETIES. 
 
 Chautauqua County Medical Society. 
 
 This society was formed in June, 18 18, in court week. Pursuant to pre- 
 vious public notice, a number of physicians and surgeons met at the hall of 
 Gen. John McMahan, in Mayville. Dr. E. T. Foote was chosen chairman of 
 the meeting, and Dr. Fenn Deming, secretary. Officers of the society were 
 elected as follows: President, Elial T. Foote. Vice-President, Samuel Snow. 
 Secretary, Treasurer, and Librarian, Fenn Deming. Censors, Orris Crosby, 
 John P. M. Whaley, Henry Sargent. The -last three named were also ap- 
 pointed as a committee to prepare a code of by-laws for the society, to be 
 presented at the next meeting ; and Dr. Foote was appointed a delegate to 
 the state society. At the meeting in June, 1819, Dr. Sargent presented a 
 code of by-laws prepared by himself, which were adopted. Dr. Jediah 
 Prendergast was chosen president for the ensuing year ; Dr. Squire White, 
 vice-president; Dr. Ebenezer P. Upham, secretary; Drs. Foote, Crosby, 
 and Sargent, censors. Dr. Sargent was appointed to deliver an address at 
 the next annual meeting. 
 
 Eclectic Medical Society. 
 
 The first "Reform Medical Society" was organized in Fredonia, in 1844, 
 Dr. J. R. "Qvish, president, and M. Hobart, secretary. Under the auspices of 
 this society, a course of lectures was given in Fredonia by Prof. Hill, of 
 Cincinnati, commencing June, 1847. About twenty students were in attend- 
 ance. The last meeting of the society of which a record is obtained, was 
 held at Jamestown, in September, 1850. The Eclectic Medical Association of 
 Chautauqua County was organized in September, 1856, Dr. O. C. Payne, 
 president; A. P. Parsons, M. D., secretary. During nine years, this associa- 
 tion held thirty meetings for the transaction of business, and received thirty- 
 five members. Their names are as follows : 
 
AGRICULTURAL SOCIETIES. 1 4c 
 
 O. C. Payne, A. P. Parsons, H. C. Taylor, Joseph Carpenter, John 
 Clough, A. Landers, E. H. Thatcher, J. B. Chace, Ezra Mills, Daniel 
 Briggs, W. L. Wilbur, David Bradford, Joseph Whitaker, A. S. Davis, Simon 
 Bart-is, I. J. Bowen, John Devoe, Joseph Button, Ezra Martin, S. Monroe, 
 Z. Kilboum, A. D. Brooks, S. Logan, C. C. Rugg, C. C. Johnson, G. H. 
 Bowen, G. L. Whitford, B. Hubbard, A. Jackson, Wm. Bourne, Orrin Gar- 
 field, E. Clark, N. F. Marble, S. Brown. 
 
 At a meeting held at Dunkirk, September 15, 1865, a new constitution 
 was adopted, in compliance with a request of the state society; and to 
 become auxiliary thereto, the name was changed from Association to Soci- 
 ety, and is now known as the Eclectic Medical Society of the 32d Senatorial 
 District. The officers chosen were : H. C. Taylor, M. D., president ; A. P. 
 Parsons, M. D., vice-president; M. M. Fenner, M. D., secretary ; G. L. 
 Whitford, treasurer. The foUomng are the names of members: G. H. 
 Bowen, A. S. Davis, N. F. Marsh, C. C. Rugg, C. C. Johnson, J. B. Chace, 
 A. D. Brooks, N. F. Marble, D. A. Loomis, G. W. Carpenter, James Fenner, 
 Phineas Sage, C. W. Babcock, A. Ayers, John Gazley, A. Haynes, J. A. Salis- 
 bury, C. D. Thompson, A. H. Bowen, J. Lord, S. J. Bowen, Q. A. Hollis- 
 ter, D. C. Storer, W. L. Wilbur, O. H. Simons, M. C. Belknap, J. Phillips, 
 A. P. Philhps, A. A. Hubbell, V. A. Ellsworth, A. Jennings, J. J. Lenhart, 
 J. R. Borland. 
 
 AGRICULTURAL SOCIETIES. 
 
 Agriculture received public encouragement in this state during the first 
 term of Gov. De Witt Clinton. In the Chautauqua Eagle., published by 
 Robert I. Curtis at Mayville, we find, under date of Jan. 4, 1820, a circular, 
 signed by ten prominent '' members of the great republican family," residing 
 in the city of New York. They enumerate a long list of considerations, or 
 measures of reform, characterizing Mr. Clinton's administration, which they 
 urge in favor of his reelection. They say : 
 
 " Under the administration of De Witt Clinton, a board of agriculture has 
 been established upon the strength of his special recommendation. This 
 has laid the foundation of our future agricultural prosperity, and called forth 
 a noble and salutary emulation in the forty-nine counties of our state. It, in 
 fact, has given a vast impulse to internal and even national industry, and is 
 the only board in the twenty-one United States. Twenty thousand dollars 
 will be hereafter expended annually to encourage the most approved cultiva- 
 tion of the soil." 
 
 The following facts relating to agricultural societies in this coimty are found 
 in one of a course of lectures by the late Samuel A. Brown, Esq., before the 
 students of Jamestown academy, in 1843. About the year 1820, an agricul- 
 tural society was formed at Mayville, and Judge Cushing, a wealthy farmer 
 of Pomfret, chosen president. This society did but little, and was suffered 
 
ISO HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 soon to expire. On the 12th 6f October, 1836, the citizens met at the court- 
 house to organize an agricultural society under the statute ; and Jedediah 
 Tracy, of Mayville, was chosen president, and Wm. Prendergast, 2d, secre- 
 tary. They adjourned to the 4th of January, 1837. On that day the 
 Chautauqua County Agricultural Society was organized, and officers chosen. 
 Wm. Prendergast, 2d, was chosen president ; Henry ■ Baker, of EUicott, 
 Timothy Judson, of Portland, Thomas B. Campbell, of Westfield, and Elias 
 Clarke, of EUery, vice-presidents ; E. P. Upham, corresponding secretary ; 
 Jedediah Tracy, treasurer. The executive committee were Wm. H. Seward, 
 Thomas B. Campbell, of Westfield, Stephen Prendergast, of Ripley, David 
 Eaton, of Portland, Seth W. Holmes, of Chautauqua, John Miller, of Har- 
 mony, Sampson Vincent, of Sherman, Abraham Pier, of Busti, Chauncey 
 Warren, of Stockton, Jedediah Vorce, of Ellery, and Richard Walker, of 
 Mina. The design of the society, as expressed in its constitution, was " to 
 improve agriculture, horticulture, the household arts, and the breeding and 
 improvement of domestic animals, and also the improvement of farming 
 utensils, and domestic manufactures." 
 
 In many of the counties of this state, besides the county organizations, 
 there are societies embracing one or more towns. The nature of these 
 societies is too well understood to need description. That they have been 
 instrumental in advancing the agricultural interest in the state will hardly be 
 disputed ; and that practices have been introduced which materially detract 
 from their usefulness, is extensively believed. 
 
 RAILROADS IN CHAUTAUQUA. 
 
 New York and Erie Railroad Company. 
 
 This company was chartered by the legislature, April 24, 1832. The 
 first preliminary survey was made the same year by De Witt Clinton, Jr., by 
 order of the government. The company was authorized to organize when 
 subscriptions for stock should have been taken to the amount of $1,000,000. 
 Books were opened in the city of New York and in the counties along the 
 route of the contemplated road. No subscriptions, or none to any consider- 
 able amount, were obtained. The commissioners subsequently subscribed 
 $10,000 each, and Wm. G. Buckner, of New York, subscribed for the 
 remainder of the million required ; and the company was organized in July, 
 1833. Eleazar Lord, of New York, was chosen president; Wm. G. Buckner, 
 treasurer. In 1834, the governor appointed Benj. Wright to survey the 
 route ; who, assisted by James Seymour and Charles Ellett, began the survey 
 May 23d, and finished it the same year. In 1835, the company was reor- 
 ganized, and 40 miles were put under contract. In 1836, an act was passed 
 authorizing a loan to the company of $3,000,000 on the credit of the state ; 
 
RAILROADS IN CHAUTAUQUA. 15 I 
 
 and the comptroller was directed to issue state stock, to that amount, to aid 
 in constructing the road. After this sum had been expended, it was found 
 necessary to suspend the prosecution of the work. In this county, about 14 
 miles of the road from Dunkirk eastward had been graded, and for about 
 8 miles toward Mud lake the rails had been laid. The company being 
 unable to proceed in the construction of the road without further aid, the 
 state, in 1845, released its lien on the road, and authorized the original 
 stockholders to surrender two shares of the old stock, and receive one share 
 of the new. 
 
 April 8, 1845, a branch was allowed to be built from Chester to Newburgh, 
 19 miles. A road was also authorized from about 20 miles west from Pier- 
 mont, through New Jersey to Jersey City, opposite New York, where nearly 
 all the freight and passengers of the Erie road, to and from New York, are 
 landed. To secure to the people of the southern counties of the state the 
 benefits of the road, the company was originally required to keep the road 
 all the way within the limits of the state. In 1846, however, in order to 
 obtain an easier grade, the company was allowed to cross the Delaware 
 river into Pennsylvania, and run the road a short distance through that state. 
 For this privilege the road is compelled to pay the state of Pennsylvania, 
 annually, a bonus of $10,000. The road was opened as follows: From 
 Piermont to Goshen, Sept. 22, 1841 ; to Middletown, June 7, 1843 ; to Port 
 Jervis, Jan. 6, 1848; to Binghamton, Dec 28, 1848; to Owego, June i, 
 1849 j to Elmira, Oct., 1849 ; to Corning, Jan. i, 1859 ; and to Dunkirk, 
 May 14, 1851. The Newburgh branch was opened, Jan. 8, 1850. 
 
 The consummation of the great enterprise, which had been anxiously 
 awaited through long years of doubt and despondency, was appropriately 
 followed by a 
 
 Celebration at Dunkirk. 
 
 This was a joyous occasion, not only to the citizens of this county, but to 
 thousands in every county in the " southern tier.'' These " sequesterai 
 counties," as they had long been called, having participated but slightly 
 in the benefits of the " grand canal," were at length favored with a " road 
 to market." The day was highly auspicious, and many thousands ' were 
 attracted by the fame of the expected guests, and the novelty of the antici- 
 pated spectacle. The village of Dunkirk presented a gay appearance, from 
 the flags and streamers with which the hotels and private houses were 
 decorated. On the d^pot were the flags of three nations ; the stars and stripes 
 gracefully floating above the tri-color of the French republic and the red 
 cross of St. George. 
 
 At about 1 1 o'clock, the Queen City arrived from Buffalo, and soon after, 
 in succession, the Niagara, the Empire State, the Empire, the Key Stone 
 State, and the United States steamer Michigan, took positions in the harbor. 
 Gov. Hunt and suite arrived from Buffalo on one of the boats, and received 
 his friends at the American hotel. The train from New York, expected at 
 1.30 P. M., did not arrive until about 4, when the locomotive "Dunkirk" 
 
152 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 came in as a pioneer, followed, soon after, by the long expected "iron horse," 
 from New York city, amid the ringing of bells and shouts of thousands. The 
 train consisted of twelve passenger cars, bearing a long row of banners which 
 had been presented along the line. Among the guests in the train, were 
 President Fillmore; Daniel Webster, secretary of state; Wm.' A. Graham, 
 secretary of the navy ; Nathan K. Hall, postmaster-general ; John J. 
 Crittenden, attorney -ganeral; Senators Seward and Fish; Daniel S. Dickin- 
 son ; Ex-Gov. Marcy ; Senator Douglas, of 111. ; Christopher Morgan, 
 sec. of state of New York, and others. 
 
 After the presentation of an- elegant banner by the ladies of Dunkirk to 
 the president and directors of the road, a procession was formed under the 
 direction of Noah D. Snow, marshal, and to the music of Dodsworth's New 
 York Cornet Band, proceeded through the village, and back to the depot, 
 where refreshments were provided. The president and invited guests, with 
 the directors of the road, repaired to the Loder house, where a sumptuous 
 collation was served up. At the conclusion of the repast, President Fillmore, 
 being introduced to the guests, congratulated them on the completion of the 
 road, and complimented the president aiKl directors of the road for their 
 exertions in its behalf He was followed by Mr. Loder, president of the 
 company, who gave a history of the origin and progress of the road, during 
 which time the charter had been changed some twelve times. The road, 
 he said, was 445^ miles in length, the longest ever built under one charter 
 in the world. 
 
 Mr. Crittenden, of Ky., having been called for, said he was surprised at 
 what had been accompHshed. He had heard something of it, but had pre- 
 viously had no adequate idea of its extent. The French eagle, said 
 Napoleon, had flown from spire to spire, till it rested on Notre Dame ; but 
 he [Mr. C] had been in a car that outdid the French eagle. They had 
 been flying, not from spire to spire, but from mountain top to mountain top. 
 The president and directors of the road were benefactors of the state. Our 
 country was destined to progress. In fifty years, there would be a popula- 
 tion of 100,000,000. The speaking was continued within the house until a 
 late hour, by Gov. Hunt, Senators Seward and Dickinson, and others. 
 
 Outside the house. President Fillmore was introduced by Hon. Geo. W. 
 Patterson, to the multitude in front, and briefly addressed them in eulogy of 
 the road and the occasion. He was followed by Gov. Hunt and Secretary 
 Graham. They were succeeded by Joseph Hoxie, of New York, or, as 
 Lieut.-Gov. Patterson remarked, better known as " Joe Hoxie." He chained 
 the audience for some time by a flow of humor ; but the cry was for Webster, 
 and no excuse would be taken. Mr. Webster at last appeared, looking 
 fatigued and care-worn, but spoke at length on the benefit of the work, and 
 in behalf of the Union. The festivities of the day were closed by a brilliant 
 display of fireworks, bonfires, etc.,- while the windows of many dwellings 
 were illuminated. There were probably 15,000 people assembled on the 
 occasion. 
 
RrVILROADS in CHAUTAUQUA. 1 53 
 
 Buffalo & Erie, and other Railroads. 
 
 The Buffalo &■> Erie Railroad Company was formed under an act passed 
 April 14, 1832, with a capital of $650,000. The term of the charter was 
 fifty years. Four years were allowed the company to commence the work, 
 and ten to complete it. The route was surveyed and located nearly all the 
 way to the state line. The stock was taken, but from some disagreement in 
 regard to the route at certain points, the work was not commenced within 
 the four years, as required by the act, and the enterprise failed. 
 
 The Buffalo <S^• State Line Railroad Company was formed June 6, 1849. 
 The road was located by way of Fredonia. The route was subsequently 
 changed by the company's deciding to run it through Dunkirk. The road 
 was opened from Dunkirk to the state line January i, 1852, and to Buffalo 
 February 22, following. The company purchased the Erie & North-east 
 Railroad, under the act of April 13, 1857, and operated the united roads 
 under the name of the Buffalo &• Erie Railroad. The three railroads be- 
 tween Erie and Chicago, owned by three different companies prior to May, 
 1869, were then consolidated under the name of Lake Shore &• Michigan 
 Southern Railroad. In August following, this road and the Buffalo & Erie 
 road were consolidated, without a change of the former name. 
 
 A company for the construction of a railroad from Portland Harbor 
 \Barcelona\ to Mayville, was formed under an act of the legislature, passed 
 March 29, 1832. The capital stock was to be $150,000, and the term of 
 charter fifty years ; eight years to be allowed for its construction. It is need- 
 less to say the project was never carried into effect. 
 
 The Fredonia is' Van Buren Railroad Company was formed May 21, 1836, 
 with a capital of $12,000. This was at the time when the projected city of 
 Van Buren [elsewhere noticed] had just made its appearance on paper — the 
 epoch still frequently designated in this section of the state as the time of 
 the " Buffalo land speculation," but which extended to all parts of the coun- 
 tr}'. [See Van Buren, in History of Dunkirk.] The people of Fredonia, 
 having no hope of securing an early connection with a railroad in any other 
 way, and anticipating the selection of this place for the terminus of the New 
 York & Erie road, sought cpnnection with the lake and railroad trade by this 
 short road. But the " crisis " which succeeded the fictitious prosperity of the 
 years 1835 and 1836 having crushed the prospective city, and the western 
 terminus of the N. Y. & E. R. R. having been fixed at Dunkirk, the project 
 was abandoned. 
 
 The Atlantic & Great Western Railway. 
 
 This company was formed December 9, 1859. The line was said to extend 
 from the New York & Erie Railroad at Little Valley to the south line of 
 Chautauqua county. But it was never intended to be thus restricted. On 
 the completion of the road westward to Jamestown, the Journal Extra, of 
 August 25, i860, said: 
 
 " This great enterprise, which has for a decade of years absorbed the 
 
154 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 interests of capitalists and commercial men, as well as the business public, 
 both east and west, and which, in its vastness of design, unites the valley of 
 the Mississippi (and ultimately the Pacific slope) to the great emporium of the 
 Atlantic shore, has reached a stage of its completion that assures its speedy 
 and indisputable success. Its line traverses the very garden of the states, 
 the central region through Pennsylvania, Ohio and Indiana, so well known 
 to producers and buyers as the great market ground between the lakes and 
 the Gulf states." 
 
 On the 6th of April, negotiations between the companies of the Erie & 
 New York City Railroad and the Atlantic & Great Western Railroad were 
 completed ; the latter company adopting 38 miles of the Erie & New York 
 City Railroad line. About the ist of May, the contractors and engineer 
 corps commenced operations at the junction with the New York & Erie 
 Railroad near Little Valley. On the 3d of July, the iron was laid down to 
 Randolph, r6 miles from the junction. On the 25th of August, i860, the 
 first train of cars arrived at Jamestown, a distance of 33 miles ; the achieve- 
 ment of the result being ascribed in great part to " the vigor of the English 
 engineer, [Thomas W. Kennard,] the coolness and energy of his American 
 associate, J. Hill, Jr., and the urging of the work by the able contractors, 
 Messrs. Doolittle and Streator. On the occasion of the laying of the rails of 
 the road into the village of Jamestown, a complimentary dinner was given to 
 Mr. Kennard at the Jamestown House, where a large company of invited 
 guests sat down to a sumptuously furnished table. Col. Augustus F. Allen 
 presided on the occasion, which, judging from the published proceedings, 
 was one of deep interest to the people in a part of the country until then 
 remote firom canal or railroad. 
 
 The Buffalo &• Oil Creek Cross Cut Railroad was chartered in 1865. Its 
 name was subsequently changed to Buffalo, Corry &•• Pittsbu^h Railroad. 
 It connects Corry, in Pennsylvania, with Brocton in this county, where it 
 joins the Lake Shore and Michigan Southern road. Its length is 43.20 miles. 
 The portion Ijdng inlhis state is 37.20 miles, and terminates at the state line, 
 which there forms the south line of Clymer, on lot 49. The company con- 
 structing from this point to Corry, was chartered by the legislature of Penn- 
 sylvania, and the two were consoUdated April 24j 1867. 
 
 Dunkirk, Allegany Valley & Pittsburgh Railroad. 
 
 A meeting was held in the summer of 1866 by the citizens of Sinclairville, 
 at which Hon. C. J. Allen presided, to consider the practicability of con- 
 structing a railroad from Dunkirk to Warren, Pa., by the way of the Cassadaga 
 and Connewango valleys. Other meetings were afterwards held in the same 
 year at Sinclairville, Dunkirk, and Fredonia, at which preliminary steps were 
 taken for the organization of a company to build the road. Subscriptions 
 were also made to its capital stock, in anticipation of the organization of such 
 company, by the citizens along the route of the proposed road. During the suc- 
 ceeding winter, the company was organized under the name of the Dunkirk, 
 Warren & Pittsburgh Railroad Company. The officers first chosen were 
 
POLITICAL HISTORY. ISS 
 
 'I'imothy D. Copp, president; George Barker, vice-president; S. M. Newton, 
 chief engineer ; T. R. Coleman, treasurer ; and James Van Buren, secretary ; 
 S. M. Newton, Wm. Bookstaver, Walter Finkle, and Lee L. Hyde, of Dun- 
 kirk ; George Barker and Thomas Higgins, of Fredonia ; Ebenezer Moore, 
 of Stockton ; T. D. Copp and Alonzo Langworthy, of Sinclairville ; B. F. 
 Dennison, of Gerry ; Patrick Falconer, of Ellicott ; and Edwin Eaton and 
 Wm. H. H. Fenton, of Carroll, directors. April 23, 1867, an act was passed by 
 the legislature of New York, authorizing the towns in this county to subscribe 
 to the capital stock. June 17, 1867, the first work on the road was done. 
 A party consisting of Obed Edson, compassman, Thomas Glissan, George 
 Blackham, Stephen H. Allen, Walter Hyde, and Charles Higgins, under the 
 direction of the chief engineer, commenced the preliminary survey at the 
 north end of Cassadaga lake, and completed this survey from Dunkirk to the 
 Pennsylvania line during that year. 
 
 The original contract for the construction of the road was made with 
 T. M. Simpson and J. Condit Smith ; and grading was commenced in Ellicott, 
 at Ross's mills, October 3, 1867. In December, 1867, supervisors of towns 
 issued bonds and subscribed for stock for their respective towns, as fol- 
 lows : George D. Hinkley, of Pomfret, $50,000 ; Obed Edson, of Charlotte, 
 and B. F. Dennison, of Gerry, each $34,000 ; John S. Beggs, of Dunkirk, 
 $100,000 ; and Wm. H. H. Fenton, of Carroll, $20,000. This substantially 
 constituted the capital stock on which the road was built. In 1868, 1869 
 and 1870, the road was graded. In 1870, the track was laid to a point a lit- 
 tle south of Laona ; June i, 1871, to Sinclairville ; June 17, to Worksburg ; 
 to which place the first passenger train passed over the road, June 22, 187 1. 
 The road was afterwards completed to Warren, and continued to Titusville. 
 
 The Buffalo and Jamestown Railroad ^zs, chartered in' 1872. It passes 
 through the towns of Hamburgh, Eden, and Collins, in Erie county ; Persia 
 and Dayton, in Cattaraugus county ; Cherry Creek and Ellington, in Chau- 
 tauqua county ; Randolph, in Cattaraugus ; Poland and Ellicott, in Chautau- 
 qua county. 
 
 POLITICAL HISTORY. 
 Early Parties. 
 
 Ever since the organization of the government under the constitution, 
 there have been two great national political parties in this country. The first 
 had their origin in the convention which firamed the constitution of the United 
 States. Prior to the formation of the present government, national affairs 
 were conducted under the articles of confederation, which were adopted during 
 the Revolutionary war. This confederation was a mere league between thir- 
 teen sovereign and independent states. This league was formed for the more 
 effectual resistance to the power of Great Britain in the struggle for American 
 
156 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 independence. It was hardly entitled to be called a government. It had 
 neither a legislature, an executive, nor a judiciary. There was what was 
 sometimes called a legislature — the Congress — consisting of delegates from 
 the several states, sitting in a single body. It could pass no law that was 
 binding upon the states or individuals. 
 
 In this Congress all the states were equal. In the decision of all ques- 
 tions, each state had but one vote ; and that vote was determined by the major- 
 ity of its delegates. Each state, large or small, was entitled to an equal 
 number of delegates, not exceeding seven ; but its vote was not counted 
 unless at least two of its delegates were present and voting. Also, if its 
 delegates were equally divided upon a question, it had no vote. 
 
 The weakness of the confederation appeared during the war. Congress 
 could not compel a state to raise men or money to carry on the war. Its 
 business was to pass ordi7iaJices, so called, assigning to the states their respect- 
 ive quotas of men and money to be raised ; but it could not enforce its 
 requisitions. Generally, however, they were obeyed, all the states being 
 united to avert a common danger. But after the war was over, the states 
 did not long continue in harmony. Laws were enacted in some states giving 
 their own citizens undue advantages over the citizens of other states ; and 
 mutual jealousies and animosities soon arose which threatened to break up 
 the Union. 
 
 It was now evident that, to preserve the union of the states, a government 
 possessing more extensive powers was necessary ; a government that could, 
 in all needful cases, control the action of the state governments. Under the 
 confederation, Congress had no power to lay and collect taxes. It borrowed 
 money to carry on the war ; but, as the power of taxation was in the states 
 alone, Congress was wholly dependent on the states, which were not always 
 ready and willing to comply with its requisitions. 
 
 But what originated the movement for a constitutional convention, was the 
 want of power to lay duties to protect American labor. Other countries, 
 especially Great Britain, where manufactures had become firmly established, 
 were flooding this country with their fabrics, and were draining it of its specie, 
 and impoverishing our people. Great Britain had built up her manufac- 
 turing interest by high duties upon foreign goods ; and our Congress had not 
 the power thus to protect capital and labor by countervailing duties. The 
 states had the power, but they would not agree upon a uniform system of 
 duties ; and without uniformity the object could not be accomplished. Mr. 
 Madison and other eminent statesmen, after several unsuccessful attempts 
 to have the evil remedied by the action of the state legislatures, requested 
 Congress to call a convention of commissioners from all the states, to alter 
 the articles of confederation so as to confer upon Congress this needed power, 
 and to make such other alterations '' as the exigencies of the Union might 
 require." 
 
 The request for the calling of a convention by Congress was granted ; and 
 the delegates met at Philadelphia on the second Monday of May, 1787. 
 
POLITICAL HISTORY. 1 57 
 
 There was soon found a wide difference of opinion among the members 
 respecting the plan of government to be formed. Some wished to retain the 
 existing plan with a slight enlargement of the powers of Congress. Others, 
 instead of a simple confederation of equal and independent states, desired a 
 complete national government, with a legislative, an executive, and a judicial 
 department — a government that could enforce its laws upon states and indi- 
 viduals. A resolution in favor of such a government was introduced. It 
 was the occasion of a long, earnest, and, at times, angry debate, which came 
 near breaking up the convention. But the friends of a national government 
 prevailed ; and a plan, of which Mr. Madison was the reputed author, was 
 introduced as the basis of action, and was called the " Virginia plan." Mr. 
 Patterson, of New Jersey, presented a plan in accordance with the views of 
 the friends of the confederation. This was called the " New Jersey plan." 
 The convention had not proceeded far in its labors, when some members of 
 the defeated party left the convention and returned to their homes. The 
 delegates from the state of New York were Alexander Hamilton, Robert 
 Yates, and John Lansing, Jr., the last two of whom were among the depart- 
 ing members. Mr. Hamilton being the only remaining delegate from this 
 state, New York had no longer a vote in the convention, as the presence of 
 at least two members was necessary to entitle a state to a vote. 
 
 We have now come to the origin of the first two political parties : one in 
 favor of a imion of sovereign, independent states ; or, as it has sometimes been 
 called, a union of states as states ; the other, in favor of what is called in the 
 preamble to the constitution, " a more perfect union " — a union of " the people 
 of the United States'' It is proper to here correct a prevailing error. It 
 is generally supposed that, from the beginning, those who were in favor of 
 the constitution, were called federalists. This is a mistake. Those who, in 
 the convention, advocated the continuance of the confederation, were, as the 
 word itself ira'pon^, federalists, and were distinguished by that name to the 
 close of the convention, and for some time afterwards ; and the friends of the 
 constitution were termed anti federalists. But while the constitution was be- 
 fore the people for ratification, its friends came to be called federalists. Al- 
 though the contemplated government was national, it was also still in some 
 sense, or to some extent, a confederacy. And as the articles of confederation 
 were too weak to preserve the union, the anti-federalists, believing the only 
 way to perpetuate the confederacy or federal union, was to adopt the consti- 
 tution, took the name of federalists. And by this name they and their fol- 
 lowers and successors were called until the party disbanded, soon after the 
 first election of President Monroe. 
 
 Among the earliest federalists whose names are familiar to the American 
 people, were George Washington, John Adams, James Madison, Alexander 
 Hamilton, John Jay, John Marshall, and others. Mr. Madison, however, 
 soon after the new government went into effect, joined the opposite party, 
 though not on account of any change of views in relation to the constitution. 
 
 Notwithstanding this early division of sentiment Gen. Washington was 
 
158 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 unanimously chosen president by the presidential electors ; and although the 
 leading measures of his administration were opposed from its commence- 
 ment, there seems to have been for several years no organized opposition 
 party. His second election, like the first, was unanimous. 
 
 The earliest measures of his administration which received material oppo- 
 sition were his financial measures. One of these was the funding of the 
 public debt, including the debts of the states contracted during the war. 
 Another was the incorporation of a national bank, in 1791. His foreign 
 policy also encountered much opposition. France was in the midst of a 
 revolution. In the war of Europe, then existing, Great Britain and France 
 were the principal belligerents. Some of our people were in favor of taking 
 part with France against Great Britain ; but Washington, though friendly to 
 France, determined to maintain a strict neutrality. The opponents of the 
 federalists at length took the name of the republican party, and obtained con- 
 trol of the government after the expiration of the presidential term of John 
 Adams, having elected their leader, Thomas Jefferson, over Mr. Adams, who 
 was a candidate for reelection. 
 
 These were the two national parties when the settlement of this county 
 commenced. Thomas Jefferson had taken his seat in the presidential chair, 
 March 4, 1801, for whom not a vote had been cast within the bounds of the 
 present county of Chautauqua ; the electors by whom he was chosen hav- 
 ing been elected in the fall of 1800. Probably there was not a vote given 
 for his reelection in 1804, by any settler within these bounds. The town of 
 Chautauqua had been formed by the legislature of that year, but no election 
 was held in it until 1805. This town was then a part of Genesee county : 
 and it is not likely that any one of the few settlers then here made a journey 
 of eighty or ninety miles to vote. Besides, there was not among them one 
 who had the required qualifications of property and term of residence to 
 vote for president, if the election had been at his own door. 
 
 One of the causes — perhaps the principal cause — of the unpopularity and 
 decline of the federal party, was the passage of two acts during Mr. Adams' 
 administration, called the alien and sedition laws. The alien law, entitled, 
 " An act concerning aliens,'' authorized the president to order out of the 
 country any alien suspected of any treasonable purpose, or deemed danger- 
 ous to the safety of the country, unless satisfactory proof should be given 
 that no injury or danger should arise from his residing here. The other law 
 was entitled, " An act in addition to ' an act for the punishment of certain 
 crimes against the United States '" ; but it was generally called the "sedi- 
 tion law." It provided for punishing persons for conspiring to oppose any 
 measure of the government, or for hindering any public officer in discharging 
 his duties; also for punishing any person for slandering or libeling the 
 government, congress, or the president. Although these acts were well- 
 intentioned, and approved by wise and good men, among whom were Wash- 
 ington and Patrick Henry, as being necessary to check the influence of 
 numerous meddlesome foreigners then in the country, who were active in 
 
POLITICAL HISTORY. 1 59 
 
 exciting opposition to the administration, and were combined in organized 
 associations which were considered dangerous to the peace of the United 
 States ; they were, nevertheless, disapproved by a majority of the people, who 
 regarded them as infringements upon popular rights, especially upon the 
 freedom of speech and of the press. Hence, to render the act against sedi- 
 tion the more odious, its opponents gave it the title of " gig law." 
 
 These laws gave rise to the famed " Virginia and Kentucky resolutions of 
 1798," which were for more than half a century referred to as expressing the 
 principles of the old republican party. Those passed by the Virginia legis- 
 lature were drawn up by Mr. Madison, then a member. They declared that 
 the constitution was a compact, to which the states were parties, granting 
 limited power? ; that in case of a deliberate, palpable, and dangerous exer- 
 cise of other powers not granted, it was the right and duty of the states to 
 interpose for arresting the progress of the evil, and for maintaining the rights 
 of the states within their respective limits ; and that the alien and sedition 
 laws were palpable and alarming infractions of the constitution. 
 
 The resolutions of the Kentucky legislature were drafted by Mr. Jefferson. 
 They declared the Union to be "a compact between the states as states ; 
 that, as parties to this compact have no common judge or superior, each 
 party has an equal right to judge for itself," of the constitutionality of a law, 
 " as well as of the mode and measure of redress." 
 
 The reader who recollects the action of the convention of the framers of 
 the constitution, as given on preceding pages, will be surprised at the declar- 
 ation of sentiments like those expressed in the above resolutions. The idea 
 of a confederation of states as states was rejected by the convention. Yet, 
 after the lapse of only ten years, the most eminent statesmen assert that the 
 Union is a compact between the states as states. Mr. Madison, the head or 
 leader of the party in favor of a national government to supersede the con- 
 federation, which was a union of states as states, can hardly be supposed to 
 have intended to convey the impression that the Union was a compact 
 between the states as such. He calls it " a compact to which the states are 
 parties." He may have meant simply, that, in the ratification of the con- 
 stitution, the people of each state acted separately by state conventions. 
 
 The Kentucky resolutions do not admit of so favorable a construction. It 
 is expressly declared that there is no higher authority than that of a state, to 
 judge what is a violation or "infraction" of the constitution — thus denying 
 the right of the supreme court of the United States to decide questions of 
 constitutionality ; and claiming the right to nullify any act of Congress which 
 the highest state court shall decide unconstitutional. It must seem strange, 
 especially to the younger class of our citizens, that doctrines like the above 
 should ever have been so explicitly asserted, and so extensively accepted. 
 Yet, for more than thirty years, "the principles of 1798" were regarded as 
 the test of political orthodoxy; and that man's chance of an election to 
 an important office was small, indeed, who could not avow his adherence to 
 the doctrine enunciated in the resolutions above referred to. In the series 
 
lOU hUblUKV Vt UilAUlAUyUA UUUJNTY. 
 
 of resolutions adopted by the legislatures of these states, were some that 
 are unexceptionable. Declaring the opinion that the alien and sedition laws 
 were unconstitutional was the right of any man or body of men. But a 
 doctrine that a law is null and void before it has been so pronounced by the 
 highest judicial authority, is dangerous and disorganizing in its tendency. 
 
 The doctrine of 'state sovereignty, to the extent asserted by the Kentucky 
 resolutions, never received the unanimous assent of republican statesmen. 
 According to Mr. Madison's own exposition of the constitution, not the 
 states, as states, but iht people of the several states, were parties to the com- 
 pact ; and in 1830 he expressly repudiated "nullification as a right remedy." 
 So also President Jackson, in his proclamation against South Carolina in 
 December, 1832, denied such right, and maintained the doctrine now held 
 by American statesmen generally, that, instead of there being 710 common 
 judge, it is the prerogative of the supreme court of the United States to judge 
 of the validity of the acts of Congress. If every state might disobey any 
 law which its authorities should pronounce unconstitutional, no general gov- 
 ernment could be maintained ; secession would be constitutional. 
 
 The transfer of power, however, from the federal to the republican party, 
 was not followed by any great changes of policy. The alien and sedition 
 laws were designed only to have a temporary eflfect ; and no act of the new 
 administration was necessary for their repeal. The alien law expired by its 
 own limitation, June 25, 1800; the sedition act, on the 4th of March, 1801, 
 the day of Mr. Jefferson's induction into office. 
 
 During our commercial controversy with France and Great Britain, prior 
 to and during the war between the latter and the United States, the hostility 
 of the two parties toward each other was probably more marked than at any 
 other period. The federalists were generally opposed to the declaration of 
 war, the causes being in their view insufficient to justify a war. The repub- 
 licans maintained the justice and propriety of the war, and charged their 
 opponents with hostility to their own country, and sympathy with the enemy. 
 
 Chautauqua and Cattaraugus counties, it will be recollected, were, for 
 several years from the time of their formation, united, for judicial and other 
 purposes, with Niagara, which then comprised the present counties of 
 Niagara and Erie. And after they had become fully organized with the 
 requisite population, [Chautauqua in 1811,] they formed but one assembly 
 district until 1822. It will be recollected, too, that until after the adoption 
 of the constitution of 1821, the general elections for the election of other 
 than town officers, were held on the last Tuesday in April. 
 
 On the 14th of April, 1812, the federalists of this assembly district met at 
 Buffalo ; and on the next day they nominated for the assembly, Abel M. 
 Grosvenor, of Buffalo. The committees of the two towns then composing 
 this county, were the following : 
 
 Pom/ret — Jacob Houghton, John ^ E. Howard, Ozias Hart, Orsamus 
 Holmes, James Hale, Daniel Warren; Samuel Sinclear, Foster Young, 
 Isaac Barnes. 
 
POLITICAL HISTORY. l6l 
 
 Chautauqua — James McMahan, Anselm Potter, Dennis Brackett, Wm. 
 Berry, Thomas Prendergast, Thomas McClintock. 
 
 Having no account of any nominating republican convention, we can 
 only give the name of the candidate of that party, Jonas Williams, who had 
 a majority in the district. 
 
 In the same year, [1812,] Messrs. Hopkins and Howell, federal candidates 
 for Congress, received in this county a majority of 47 votes. 
 
 On the 3d of November, 1812, a meeting of the "Friends of Liberty, 
 Peace, and Commerce," as the anti-war men called themselves, held a meet- 
 ing at David Joy's, in Buffalo. (?) Jacob Houghton, chairman ; Anselm Pot- 
 ter, secretary. Resolutions were adopted disapproving the administrations 
 of Jefferson and Madison. A committee of correspondence was appointed, 
 consisting of Orsamus Holmes, Samuel Sinclear, Anselm Potter, James Mont- 
 gomery, Jacob Houghton, James McMahan, and Foster Young. The meet- 
 ing concurred in recommendations previously made in other places, for a 
 state convention to be held at Albany. 
 
 On the 23d of December, 1812, a county meeting of the republicans was 
 held at John Scott's, in Mayville ; Matthew Prendergast, chairman ; 
 John Dexter, secretary. Resolutions were adopted declaring the justice of 
 the war and the purpose to sustain it. Names of delegates, and of the mem- 
 bers of a committee, if appointed, are not given. 
 
 On the 17th of March, 18 13, another county meeting of delegates of the 
 friends of " Liberty, Peace, and Commerce" was held in Pomfret; Thomas 
 Martin, chairman ; Isaac Pierce, secretary. Jacob Houghton was nomi- 
 nated for the assembly. Committees to promote the election : 
 
 Chautauqua — Thomas Prendergast, Jabez Hurlbut, Elisha Wallis, James 
 Montgomery, David Eaton, Asa Hall, Henry Sartwell. Ellkotl — James 
 Prendergast. Gerry — Samuel Sinclear, Robert W. Seaver, Wm. Devine, 
 Abm. Windsor. Pomfret — Orsamus Holmes, Elijah Risley, Jr., Ozias Hart, 
 Isaac Pierce, Thomas Martin, Andrew Bates, Rodolphus Loomis. Hanover 
 — John E. Howard, John Mack, Bethel Willoughby, Guy Webster, Cushing 
 Brownell, Abel Flint. 
 
 The republicans of the asserftbly district met at St. John's, in Buffalo, pre- 
 vious to the April election in 1813; David Eddy, chairman; John Root, 
 secretary. Jonas Williams was nominated for the assembly. Committee in 
 Chautauqua county : 
 
 Pomfret — Zattu Cushing, Philo Orton, Jehiel Moore, Eliphalet Day. Chau- 
 tauqua — David Eason, Wm. Peacock, M. Prendergast, John E. Marshall, 
 John Scott. 
 
 The majority for Gov. Daniel D. Tompkins in this county was 57 ; for 
 Jonas Williams, — . It was said many votes were admitted for governor and 
 senators from persons only holding articles for land ; whereas, by the old con- 
 stitution, none but freeholders to the 'value of $250, could vote for those 
 offices. 
 
 April 4, 1814, at a republican convention held at Buffalo, Joseph McCluer,. 
 
l62 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 of Cattaraugus Co., was nominated for the assembly. Philetus Swift, of On- 
 tario Co.; Bennett Bicknell, of Madison Co.; and John J. Prendergast, of 
 Herkimer Co., were candidates in the western district for the senate. Peter 
 B. Porter, of Niagara, and Micah Brooks, of Ontario, were candidates for 
 Congress. 
 
 The federalists nominated this year for the assembly, Elijah Holt, of Buf- 
 falo. This nomination was confirmed at a meeting in this county held in 
 Pomfret, April nth. Samuel Sinclear, chairman; D. Sterne Houghton, 
 secretary. 
 
 In 1815, the republicans nominated Daniel McCleary, of Buffalo, and 
 Elias Osborn, of Clarence, for the assembly. The federalists nominated 
 James Prendergast, of Chautauqua, and Daniel Chapin, of Buffalo. There 
 was this year a small federal majority in this county. The district was 
 republican. 
 
 Parties in New York.. 
 
 Next in the order of the birth of parties which divided the people of this 
 county, were the Bucktaih and the Clintonians. These, however, were not 
 national parties, but were confined to the state of New York. Hostilities 
 between the two old parties had ceased, if, indeed, they could be said to 
 have an existence. The federalists had, by their opposition to the war, 
 become quite unpopular. Their weakness may be imagined from the presi- 
 dential election of 1816. Of the presidential electors chosen that year, Mr. 
 Monroe received 183, and Rufus King, the federal candidate, but 34. Mr. 
 Monroe received for reelection, 213 of the 214 votes cast by the electors, 
 there being no longer any federal organization. In April, 1820, about the 
 time of the election, forty-eight of the leading federalists published a mani- 
 festo, in which they assigned their reasons for dissolving their connection 
 with the party, and changing their party relations. Being gentlemen of high 
 respectability, they were long spoken of as the " forty-eight high-minded.'' 
 Most of them, if not all, joined the bucktails. The rank and file of the 
 federalists, having been deserted by their leaders, felt at liberty to go where 
 they pleased. Some of them followed their leaders ; others attached them- 
 selves to the fortunes of De Witt Clinton. 
 
 Mr. Clinton was an early and ardent republican, and a man of great ability ; 
 and, having taken an early and decided stand in favor of the construction 
 of the canals, which made him popular, especially in the western part of the 
 state, he had become the head and leader of a strong party, called Clintoni- 
 ans. The origin of the name of the other party is not so well known. Hon. 
 Samuel A. Brown, in a public lecture at Jamestown, in 1843, gave it as 
 follows : 
 
 " In the city of New York, a political party had existed for many years, by 
 the name of the Tammany Society, so called in honor of a noted Indian 
 chief. These Tammanies erected Tammany Hall, or the wigwam, as they 
 sometimes called it This society had its auxiliaries throughout the state ; 
 and its influence was felt even in Chautauqua. They called their officers by 
 
POLITICAL HISTORY. 1 63 
 
 aboriginal names, and on festival days wore the Indian costume, and among 
 other peculiarities, wore a real buck's fail on the hat." 
 
 We have in these local political conflicts a striking illustration of the 
 mutability of party associations. In 181 2, as has been stated, having been 
 an unwavering republican, and a thorough-going friend and advocate of a 
 war with Great Britain, Mr. Clinton was nominated as a candidate for presi- 
 dent by the republican members of the legislature of this state, under the 
 leadership of Martin Van Buren, Samuel Young, and others ; now [1820] 
 we find two parties, composed alike of republicans and federalists, arrayetf 
 against each other, the one under the lead of Mr. Clinton ; the other under 
 that of Mr. Van Buren. 
 
 Mr. Clinton, who had been elected governor in 1817, without any material 
 opposition, in the place of Mr. Tompkins, elected vice-president of the 
 United States, was nominated, in 1820, for reelection; and Mr. Tompkins, 
 whose official term as vice president was near its close, was nominated by the 
 bucktails. A spirited contest ensued, which resulted in the election of Mr. 
 Clinton. He received 47,447 vot|s in the state; Mr. Tompkins, 45,990 — 
 majority for Clinton, 1,457. In this county, Clinton, 744; Tompkins, 455 
 — Clinton's majority, 289. The light vote is accounted for by the fact, that 
 only freeholders were entitled to vote for governor and senators under the 
 first constitution of the state. Mr. Clinton held the office but two years of 
 the three years for which he was elected. His term commenced the ist of 
 January, 1821. A new constitution, made the same year, required the elec- 
 tion of new officers the next year, when Joseph C. Yates was elected, who 
 caune into office the ist of January, 1823. 
 
 In a review of the manifesto, or address of the " forty-eight high-mipded " 
 federalists, Mr. Hammond, in his Political History of New York, notices 
 them substantially thus : 
 
 " They affirm that the federal party whose principles they approve, no 
 longer exists. They approve the administration of the general government ; 
 affirm that the federalists have now ' no ground of principle,' on which to 
 stand ; and therefore declare their intention to unite with the great republican 
 party of the state and Union. They do not object to the character or 
 measures of Mr. Clinton, but allege that he is attempting to form ' a personal 
 party.' The absurdity of the address appears from the fact, that Mr. Van 
 Buren and his friends also approved his measures, and admitted his talents 
 and virtues, but opposed him solely because t\i& federal party did exist in the 
 state, and that Mr. Clinton was secretly inclined to favor it ; yet the high- 
 minded gentlemen opposed him because, as they alleged, the federal party 
 did not exist; and they joined the party that held the contrary position. * * 
 The anti-Clintonian party, which now fairly deserved to be called the repub- 
 Ucan party, succeeded in electing a majority of the members of assembly, 
 and in two of the senatorial districts ; notwithstanding which, Mr. Clinton 
 was reelected by a majority of 1,457 votes." 
 
 The election of Mr. Clinton, while a majority of the legislature elected 
 were his political opponents, was ascribed to the misfortune of Mr. Tompkins 
 in having lost, or having never taken, vouchers for large sums of money 
 
1 64 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 which were disbursed by him while governor, during the war, and for which 
 he was unable to account. Although it was generally believed he had 
 appropriated no portion of the money fraudulently to his own use, his in- 
 ability to account for all the moneys, was turned by his opponents to his 
 disadvantage. But what probably contributed rqost to Mr. Clinton's own 
 success, was his able, zealous, and uniform support of the canal policy. This 
 gained for him a strong vote in the counties most directly interested in the 
 completion of the canals. 
 
 , By the election of Gov. Yates, the party opposed to Gov. Clinton had ob- 
 tained entire control of the state government, and doubtless anticipated a long 
 and uninterrupted possession of it. They could, soon after their accession to 
 power, have had no premonition of the political reverse which awaited them. 
 The presidential election of 1824 was approaching. The federal party was 
 defunct ; and there were no questions of national policy to divide the repub- 
 licans. In the selection of candidates, they were simply divided upon men. 
 Many were named as candidates \ but the number was diminished to four : 
 John Quincy Adams, Henry Clay, William H. Crawford, and Andrew 
 Jackson. It had been the practice fronf and including the year 1804, for 
 the republican members of Congress to meet during the last session prior to 
 the next presidential election, to nominate candidates for president and vice- 
 president. These congressional caucuses had at length become unpopular 
 with the party. The meeting in 1824 was held on the 14th of February. 
 Of the 258 republican members, only 68 attended. Of the votes of these, 
 William H. Crawford received 64. 
 
 The presidential electors were not chosen then as now, in this state, by a 
 general ticket, and voted for by the people ; but they were chosen by the 
 legislaftire. Mr. Van Buren was in favor of the election of Mr. Crawford ; 
 and it was apprehended that he might influence a majority of the members 
 to vote for electors in favor of Mr. Crawford. To prevent this, a bill was 
 introduced in the legislatute of 1824, proposing to give to th^ people the right 
 to choose the electors^ of president and vice-president. And notwithstanding 
 a large majority of the members of the assembly were republicans, the 
 " electoral bill " passed that house, and was sent to the senate for concur- 
 rence, where it was defeated by a vote of 17 to 14. It should be stated, 
 that the question of changing the mode of choosing the electors was 
 agitated before the election of the members of the legislature in the fall of 
 1823; and that a large portion of them were pledged to vote for the pro- 
 posed change. The republicans who were opposed to Mr. Crawford, to a 
 congressional caucus, and to Mr. Van Buren and the Albany Regency, 
 assumed to themselves the name of the " People's Party." [Albany Regency 
 was a name given to 'the leaders of the democratic party at Albany.] 
 
 The defeat of the electoral bill caused such a popular excitement as has 
 rarely been witnessed in this state. The seventeen senators who voted 
 against the bill were the particular objects of the displeasure of the friends 
 of the bill; and to render them as odious as possible, their names were 
 
POLITICAL HISTORY. 1 65 
 
 published in the newspapers, and surrounded by heavy black lines. They 
 were for years spoken of as the " infamous seventeen." 
 
 The opposition to the electoral law was one of the acts of the dominant 
 party which brought upon it the " reverses " before alluded to. Another act 
 having a similar effect, soon followed. On the last day of the session, and 
 within about an hour before the time fixed for the adjournment of both 
 houses, a senator introduced a resolution for the removal of De Witt Clinton 
 from the office of canal commissioner. The resolution was hurried to its 
 passage, and received the votes of all the senators except three. It was 
 forthwith sent to the assembly, where it was passed hastily by a vote of 64 
 to 34. Mr. Clinton had taken early ground in favor of the canal policy against 
 a powerful opposition, and had aided in bringing the Erie canal near its com- 
 pletion, and had served faithfully as commissioner from 18 10, fourteen years, 
 without any compensation. It was evident that the object was to degrade 
 him, and to weaken or destroy his political influence. This act caused an 
 excitement throughout the state more intense than did the defeat of the 
 electoral law. Public meetings were held in many places, and resolutions 
 passed denouncing the act in the most severe terms. 
 
 The removal of Mr. Clinton had an effect the opposite of that which was 
 designed. At a state convention of t\\e people's party, in the city of Utica, in 
 September, 1824, Mr. Clinton was nominated for governor, and James Tall- 
 madge for lieutenant-governor. Mr. T. was a member of the assembly, and 
 had ably and zealously supported the electoral bill, but he had voted for the 
 removal of Mr. Clinton. In November, Mr. Clinton was elected by a 
 majority of 16,906 over Samuel Young; and Gen. Tallmadge's majority over 
 Gen. Erastus Root was 32,409. In this county, Mr. Chnton received 1,483 
 votes; Mr. Young, 1,093 — majority, 390. Nathan Mixer was elected mem- 
 ber of assembly for this county. 
 
 In 1826, Mr. Clinton was renominated for governor, and Henry Hunting- 
 ton for lieutenant-governor; and in opposition to them were Wm. B. Roches- 
 ter and Nathaniel Pitcher. In respect to national parties, these candidates 
 were strangely divided. The four candidates for president, it will be recol- 
 lected, were all republicans; and, so far as we may judge from the discussion 
 of their claims respectively during the campaign of 1824, they were not 
 materially divided on measures of national policy. Almost immediately 
 after the commencement of Mr. Adams' administration, an organized opposi- 
 tion to it was formed, by the union of the friends of the defeated candidates, 
 Crawford and Jackson, and those of Mr. Calhoun, the vice-president Mr. 
 Clinton was one of the earliest supporters of Gen. Jackson, when Mr. Van 
 Buren, the leader of the opposition to the Clintonians, was strongly opposed 
 to him ; the great organ of the party declaring him, " of all the candidates, 
 the most unfit for the office of president." Yet, in 1826, we see the party 
 supporting for governor a candidate opposed to Gen. Jackson, on a ticket 
 with a candidate for lieutenant-governor in favor of Gen. Jackson. Mr. 
 Clinton was elected by a majority of 3,650 votes over Judge Rochester : 
 
1 66 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 and Mr. Pitcher by a majority of 4,188 over Mr. Huntington. This result, 
 however, is said to have been owing, in some measure, to Mr. Clinton's 
 having favored the construction of a state road through the southern coun- 
 ties, some of which, though anti-Clintonian, gave him majorities. In Chau- 
 tauqua county, Clinton received 1,839 votes; Rochester, 1,612. February 
 II, 1828, less than eleven months before the expiration of his term of office, 
 Mr. Clinton died suddenly, sitting in his chair, of apoplexy ; and Nathaniel 
 Pitcher became the acting-governor. 
 
 In 1828, by the union of the friends of Jackson, Crawford and Calhoun, 
 Mr. Adams and Gen. Jackson became the only candidates for president. Of 
 the presidential electors chosen, 178 were in favor of Gen. Jackson, and 83 
 for Mr. Adams. John C. Calhoun was reelected vice-president, having 
 received 171 of the electoral votes; Richard Rush, 83 ; and Wm. Smith, of 
 South Carolina, 7. 
 
 After the dissolution of the federal party, there were no two national par- 
 ties known by distinctive names, until after the election of Mr. Adams. 
 They were for a time distinguished as the Adams, or administration party, 
 and Jackson, or opposition party. But the latter soon assumed the name of 
 the democratic party, which name the organization has borne to the present 
 time. The Adams party became known as the national republican party. 
 This name was retained until after the presidential election of 1832, when a 
 union was formed with the anti-masons, under the name of whigs, and by 
 which name it was known during the remainder of its existence, which termi- 
 nated with the formation of the present republican party, in 1855, whose 
 leading object was to oppose the further extension of slavery. 
 
 Anti-Masonic Party. 
 
 In the month of September, 1826, an event occurred which sensibly 
 affected the people of this county in their social, civil, and religious associa- 
 tions. William Morgan, of Batavia, Genesee county, having written for 
 publication a work alleged to contain a disclosure of the secrets of free- 
 masonry, and which was about to be issued from the press of David C. 
 Miller, in that village, was apprehended on a criminal process, and conveyed 
 to Canandaigua, Ontario county, where, upon examination before a magistrate, 
 he was discharged. He was subsequently, the same day, taken for debt ; 
 judgment was rendered against him ; and he was confined in the county jail. 
 [Debtors being then liable to imprisonment in case of non-payment of a 
 judgment.] On the evening of the 12th of September, persons concerned in 
 his seFzure and confinement, discharged the debt, and caused his liberation. 
 On leaving the jail, he was forcibly taken, and carried in a close carriage to 
 the Niagara frontier, where he was last seen ; and, as some alleged, he was 
 murdered on the night of the 14th of September. 
 
 At the next session pf the legislature, petition* relating to the abduction of 
 Morgan were presented, and referred to a select committee of the assembly ; 
 and a reward of $1,000 was offered by Gov. Clinton, for the discovery of 
 
POLITICAL HISTORY. 1 67 
 
 Moi'gan if alive ; and if murdered, $2,000 for the discovery of the offender or 
 offenders ; and a free pardon to any accomplice or cooperator who should 
 make the discovery. 
 
 Bills of indictment were found against several persons who had participated 
 in the abduction ; two of whom were convicted, and sentenced to imprison- 
 ment in the county jail ; one for two years and four months ; the other, for 
 one year and three months. The former was the sheriff of Niagara county, 
 who, as a witness on the trial of the latter, testified that he had been apprised 
 several days previously of the coming of Morgan, and had been requested to 
 prepare a cell for him in the Niagara county jail at Lockport. It was proved 
 that Morgan was conveyed to Lewiston blind-folded in a covered carriage, 
 which was kept closed. From Lewiston he was taken in another carriage to 
 the ferry near Fort Niagara. Witness and four others crossed with him into 
 Canada in the night ; their object being to get him away from Miller into the 
 interior of Canada, and place him on a farm. The preparation not having 
 been made for his reception, he was brought back to this side of the river, to 
 wait a few days, and was put into the magazine of the fort ; since which the 
 witness had not seen him. 
 
 The publication of Morgan's book was followed by that of others, claim- 
 ing to be true revelations of the secrets of masonry ; and many masons 
 seceded from the institution, and confirmed the published statements con- 
 cerning its ceremonies, oaths and obligations, some of which were deemed 
 inconsistent with their civil duties. Those who believed that members who 
 held their civil obligations subordinate to their obligations to each other, 
 considered free-masons unfit to hold office. Those who thus believed, soon 
 united in the formation and support of a. party on the single principle of oppo- 
 sition to masonry ; and in 1828, the year of the next gubernatorial election, 
 an anti-masonic candidate — Solomon Southwick, of Albany — was nominated 
 for governor. The two national parties then were the national republicans, 
 supporters of John Quincy Adams and his administration, and the other, the 
 friends of Andrew Jackson, who were opposed to the party in power, and soon 
 after took the name of the democratic party. Martin Van Buren, the Jack- 
 son candidate for governor, received 136,794 votes ; Smith Thompson, the 
 Adams candidate, 106,444; arid Solomon Southwick, 33,345. The organi- 
 zation of the anti-masons as a political party may be considered to have been 
 at this time about complete. 
 
 It is believed that, at the time of the abduction of Morgan, no paper in 
 this county was published by a mason. After the fact of the murder had 
 become established, all information on the subject deemed authentic was 
 published. The papers which, in this county, first supported the new politi- 
 cal organization, were ^e. Jamestown Journal, published by Adolphus Fletcher, 
 and edited by Abner Hazeltine ; and the Western Star, published and edited 
 by Harvey Newcomb, Westfield. The excitement became intense. In 
 Western New York, the two previously existing parties were almost broken 
 up, and many churches were divided. ISfot long after the publication of 
 
1 68 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 Morgan's Illustrations of Masonry, Rev. David Bernard, then of Geflesee 
 county, published his Light on Masonry. And masons in many parts of the 
 country, seceded from the organizations. The progress of the institution 
 was arrested, and in a few years nearly all the lodges suspended operations. 
 
 In 1826, Judge Foote and Nathan Mixer were nominated as bucktails for 
 the assembly ; Samuel A. Brown and Philo Orton as Clintonians. The votes 
 were, for Foote, 2,312; for Mixer, 1,619; fo^" Brown, 1,696; for Orton, 
 1,197. It is not likely that voting was materially affected, at this election, 
 by the anti-masonic excitement. Mr. Brown, on account of some local ques- 
 tion, ran ahead of his colleague, [Orton,] and was elected. Thus James- 
 town had both the members, who were of opposite politics. De Witt Clin- 
 ton received 1,839 votes for governor; Wm. B. Rochester, 1,612. 
 
 In 1827, the anti-masons nominated for the assembly. Col. Nathaniel 
 Fenton and Nathan Mixer, who received respectively 2,192 and 2,332 votes. 
 The bucktail candidates, James Mullett and Thomas A. Osborne, received 
 1,232 and 1,101 votes. In 1828, the anti-masonic votes for assemblymen 
 were, for Abner Hazeltine, 2,056; for Nathan Mixer, 2,091. The votes for 
 the Jackson candidates were, for Joseph White, 1,458 ; for John McAlister, 
 1,158. James Hall and John Crain, candidates on a third ticket, received 
 respectively, 1,091 and 936. For governor, Solomon Southwick, [anti-mason,] 
 received in this county 1,783 votes; Martin Van Buren, [Jackson, or demo- 
 cratic,] 1,520 ; and Smith Thompson, [administration, or national republican,] 
 1,135. Ifi 1829, Abner Hazeltine and Squire White, anti-masons, received 
 2,461 and 2,502 votes; Horace Allen and Benjamin Walworth, democrats, 
 (though neither was a mason,) 1,835 ^-^^d 1,837 votes. The Eighth senate 
 district gave an anti-masonic majority of over 13,000. In 1830, Francis 
 Granger and Samuel Stevens, anti-masons, were candidates for governor and 
 lieutenant-governor, against Enos T. Throop and Edward Livingston, demo- 
 crats. Granger received 3,470 votes, and Stevens 3,454. Throop received 
 1,854, and Livingston 1,855. Foi" assembly, John Birdsall and Squire 
 White, anti-masons, received 3,403 and 3,387 votes ; and Elial T. Foote and 
 Ernest Mullett, democrats, received 1,958 and 1,884 votes. Every town in 
 the county gave an anti-masonic majority, except EUicott, Judge Foote 
 having a majority of 19 over the highest anti-masonic candidate. Gov. 
 Throop's majority in the state was 8,481." In the Eighth senate district the 
 anti-masonic majority was about 13,000 ; in the Seventh district, about 2,000 ; 
 in the Sixth, about 1,000. In 1831, Squire White and Theron Bly, anti- 
 masons, were elected without opposition. 
 
 In 1832, Granger and Stevens were again nominated by the anti-masons 
 for governor and lieutenant-governor ; also a full presidential electoral ticket. 
 And at a national convention, William Wirt and Amos Ellmaker were nom- 
 inated as candidates for president and vice-president. The national repub- 
 lican convention at Utica, nominated Ambrose Spencer for president, and the 
 anti-masonic electoral ticket and state candidates. The object of the coa- 
 lition probably was to elect Mr. Clay president, the anti-masonic state ticket, 
 
POEITICAL HISTORY. 1 69 
 
 and a union legislature. Wm. L. Marcy, democrat, was elected governor by 
 a majority of 9,733; John Tracy, lieutenant-governor, by about the same 
 majority, and the whole Jackson electoral ticket. The anti-masonic electoral 
 ticket had a majority of 1,717 in Chautauqua county; John Griffin, for 
 senator, 1,637 ; Alvin Plumb and Nathaniel Gray, for assembly, about 1,600 
 over Albert H. Camp and Robertson Whiteside. Abner Hazeltine for 
 Congress, 1,580 majority. In 1833, James Hall and Thomas A. Osborne, 
 democrats, were elected over Waterman Ellsworth and Austin Smith, anti- 
 masons. Albert H. Tracy was reelected state senator over Judge John H. 
 Jones, by only 165 majority — the only one out of the eight elected. Of 
 the 128 members of assembly elected, 104 were democrats. 
 
 The union of the anti-masons and national republicans, in 1832, termi- 
 nated the existence of the anti-masonic party. The coalition was not an 
 unnatural or a strange one. The national republicans were striving to regain 
 political supremacy, and to restore the policy which had characterized the 
 administration of Mr. Adams ; and knowing a large majority of the anti-masons 
 to be in favor of that policy, they desired the alliance. The masons having 
 been quieted, and their lodge meetings generally having been suspended, 
 the anti-masons saw no necessity for continuing their organization, and quite 
 naturally consented to the proposed union. 
 
 The anti-masonic party owed much of its strength to the aid of Thurlow 
 Weed, of the Albany Journal. Mr. Weed had for some time conducted an 
 anti-masonic paper at Rochester. The Journal was established early in 
 March, 1830, by Packard, Hoffman 8z: White, (or two of them,) who placed 
 its editorial control in the hands of Mr. Weed, who continued to occupy the 
 position of editor-in-chief during the remaining two and a half years of the 
 anti-masonic period, and the entire period of the existence of the whig party. 
 Soon after the union of the national republican and anti-masonic parties, the 
 organization took the name of whig^ which it retained until the formation of 
 the republican party. 
 
 The American Party. 
 
 Several attempts have been made to weaken or destroy the political influence 
 of foreigners in this country. It was held that persons educated in monarchical 
 countries ; those who have in their native land enjoyed scanty educational 
 advantages ; and especially those who have been reared under papal in- 
 fluences, were unsafe depositaries of political power, after so short a proba- 
 tion as our laws prescribe. They held that the required term of residence, 
 previous to their full admission to citizenship, was insufficient for their 
 acquiring an adequate knowledge of our free institutions, and to form a proper 
 attachment to them. And it was proposed to extend this preparatory period 
 to twenty-one years. 
 
 An effort was made, to some extent, in this state, thirty years ago, to elect 
 members of the legislature, and of Congress, who were in favor, of the pro- 
 posed change in our naturalization laws. In several of the eastern and 
 south-eastern counties of the state, members of both houses were elected. 
 
I/O HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 The motto of the advocates of the measure was : " Let Americans govern 
 America." But the attempt to form a strong party upon this basis, was 
 abortive. The mass of our people were indisposed to raise so powerful a 
 barrier to immigration. It had been the policy of our government, from the 
 time of its organization, to invite the people of the monarchies of the Old 
 World to the "asylum of liberty," established in the New. 
 
 About the year 1853, a new movement in the same direction, and more 
 effective than the former, was originated. The plan of organization in detail 
 was not then — perhaps is not now — fully understood by most persons outside 
 of the order. The meetings of its members were conducted in secret. And 
 it is believed, generally, that secrecy and concert in action were secured by 
 extra-judicial oaths. We are not aware that this has been admitted by 
 members of the order, or that it has, to any considerable extent, been posi- 
 tively affirmed by many persons outside of it. When questioned by the 
 curious concerning certain things pertaining to the organization, members 
 would often profess to know nothing about them. Hence is supposed to have 
 come the appellation so generally applied to them, Kitow Nothings, or Know 
 Nothing party. Their own chosen and proper name, if we rightly remem- 
 ber, was the Native American party. 
 
 This party increased and spread rapidly, until it reached every state in the 
 Union ; and it embraced many of our best and most patriotic citizens. They 
 saw what many of their opponents admitted, that evils had resulted from the 
 facilities afforded aliens for becoming invested with all the privileges of 
 American citizens. Men differed then as they differ now, as to the jneans 
 of remedying these evils. Admitting that the remedy proposed would, if 
 adopted, be effectual ; there could be no reasonable hope of effecting its 
 adoption. The millions of voters of foreign birth would be nearly unanimous 
 in their opposition to the measure, and would overcome any supposable 
 majority of native voters in its favor. But even if the contest were confined 
 to our native citizens, the hope of the success of the measure would be so 
 slight as to render the idea of engaging in the struggle unworthy of a 
 moment's consideration. 
 
 The first trial of the strength of Americanism in this county, was in 1854. 
 A member of Congress was to be elected to succeed Reuben E. Fenton, 
 whose term of office would expire in March following. The Americans nom- 
 inated Francis S. Edwards, of Fredonia, and the whigs, George W. Patterson, 
 of West&eid. The congressional district, composed of the counties of Chau- 
 tauqua and Cattaraugus, had given large whig majorities ; but through the 
 nomination of an unpopular candidate by the whigs, in 1852, Mr. Fenton, a 
 democrat, was elected. It soon becoming apparent that there would be a 
 great defection from the whig party to the Americans, whose candidate had 
 been a whig, and Mr. Fenton having broken from his party in Congress by 
 voting against the Kansas bill, Mr. Patterson declined the whig nomination, 
 and, with many of his party, supported Mr. Fenton. The result was the 
 election of Mr. Edwards. 
 
POLITICAL HISTORY. I/I 
 
 On the 2d of February, 1855, a meeting of citizens of this county opposed 
 to the principles and aims of the new party, was held at Mayville, composed 
 of men of both the whig and democratic parties. Abram Dixon, of Westfield, 
 was chosen chairman of the meeting; George S. Harrison, of Stockton; 
 Theron S. Bly, of Harmony ; and William Colville, vice-presidents ; Stephen 
 Snow, of Fredonia, and J. S. Phillips, secretaries. 
 
 The meeting was addressed by Messrs. Alvin Plumb, and Walker, of 
 Westfield; Baker, of Sherman; Mason, of Harmony; and Van Ness, of 
 Chautauqua. — 
 
 The committee on resolutions, consisting of George W. Patterson, Niram 
 Sackett, John H. Pray, Emory F. Warren, and John M. Edson, reported 
 resolutions, which were adopted. They expressed alarm at the organization 
 of secret political societies, whose members are sworn to vote in political 
 matters for political offices for second degree members of this order. They 
 regarded these secret workings as evidence of evil and corrupt design ; de- 
 nounced the efforts that were making to discourage immigration as " unwise 
 and reprehensible ;" deprecated a change in the established mode of natural- 
 ization ; and declared slavery a state institution which can not exist in the 
 absence of special enactments. They approved of a tariff for revenue with 
 discriminating duties, affording incidental protection to the labor and products 
 of our own country ; and recommended organizations in the several towns of 
 those opposed to secret political societies. 
 
 In several states, the American party had considerable strength. It, how- 
 ever, gave early indications of decay. In 1856, the American vote of that 
 party for presidential electors, in this county, was about 1,300. It can 
 hardly be said to have survived the election of 1856. 
 
 Present Parties. 
 
 A history, in this place, of the two national parties, can not be given. The 
 origin of the democratic party has been briefly noticed. It was opposed by 
 the whig party during the existence of the latter. The principal measures 
 upon which these two parties were divided, were the tariff, a national bank, 
 the currency question in general, and legislation on the subject of slavery. 
 The attempt to force slavery into free territory in 1854, gave rise to the repub- 
 lican party, which assumed the form of a political organization in 1855. Its 
 design was to resist all further encroachments of slavery upon free territory 
 in the United States. The efforts to force slavery into Kansas awakened 
 such an interest in this subject as had never been witnessed in this country, 
 and hastened that most important event in our country's history — the attempt, 
 by a resort to arms, to sever the Union. The responsibility of carrying the 
 country through the perilous ordeal to which it was subjected, and the recon- 
 struction of the seceding states, devolved upon the republican party. All 
 these states are again members of the Union. The party suflFered a reverse 
 at the last election, [1874,] which resulted in the election of a majority of 
 democratic members to the present house of representatives. 
 
1/2 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 WAR HISTORY— WAR OF 1812. 
 
 Causes of the War. 
 
 That war was declared by the United States against Great Britain, in 
 181 2, every adult reader probably knows. But there are doubtless many 
 among the younger class of our people who do not know the causes of that 
 war, nor its effects upon the early settlers of this county. The,y are thus 
 briefly stated : 
 
 Great Britain and France had long been at war. In August, 1804, Great 
 Britain, with a view to cripple the trade of France, declared certain ports of 
 France in a state of blockade, by which the vessels of other nations were 
 prohibited from entering her ports, except in certain cases. This order was 
 followed, on the part of Napoleon, by a decree declaring the British islands 
 in a state of blockade, and prohibiting all commerce with them. This was 
 intended to stop trade between Great Britain and the continent, and applied 
 also to American commerce. 
 
 Great Britain then issued another order, declaring in a state of blockade 
 all ports and places belonging to France and her allies, from which the 
 British flag was excluded, and all the colonies of his Britannic majesty's 
 enemies. Only the direct trade between neutral countries and the colonies 
 of his majesty's enemies was allowed. This measure so detrimental to neu- 
 tral commerce, was followed by a still more sweeping one, on the part of 
 France, declaring the British islands in a state of blockade, by sea and land ; 
 and every ship sailing from ports of England or her colonies, and proceeding 
 to England or to her colonies, or to countries occupied by the English, to be 
 lawful prize. And every ship which had submitted to search by an English 
 ship, or had made a voyage to England, or paid any tax to that government, 
 was declared denationalized, and lawful prize. 
 
 These measures were disastrous to American commerce, and unauthorized 
 ty the law of nations. To be lawful, a blockade must be maintained by a 
 force stationed at the enemy's ports, sufficient to make it dangerous for vessels, 
 to enter. This had not been done by either party. Yet under these orders 
 and decrees, or mere " paper blockades," as they were called, many American 
 vessels, with their cargoes, were captured by the privateers and cruisers of 
 the two belligerents, and condemned as prize. 
 
 But there was another grievance- — the impressment of American seamen. 
 Great Britain claimed the right to search our vessels on the high seas, and, if 
 among the seamen any were found to be Englishmen, to impress them into her 
 service. The claims of the two governments have been thus stated : " The 
 government of the United States asserts the broad principle, that the flag of 
 their merchant vessels shall protect the mariners. The privilege is claimed, 
 although every person on board, except the captain, may be an alien. The 
 British government asserts, that the allegiance of their subjects is inalienable, 
 in time of war, and that their seamen, found on the sea, the common highway 
 
WAR HISTORY. 1 73 
 
 of nations, shall not be protected by the flag of private merchant vessels." 
 This doctrine, it was said, was common to all the governments of Europe. 
 France, as well as England, claimed, in time of war, the services of her sub- 
 jects. Both, by decrees, forbid their entering into foreign employ; both 
 recall them by proclamation. 
 
 Attempts to adjust the differences between the two countries by negotia- 
 tion having failed, our government, on the i8th of June, 1812, declared war 
 against Great Britain; and the British minister at Washington soon after 
 took his departure, bearing a letter from our government to our representative 
 at London, authorizing him to propose to the British government a suspension 
 of hostilities with a view to an adjustment of all difficulties. At Halifax, 
 on his way home, the British minister, [Mr. Foster,] received dispatches from 
 his government, dated about the 17th of June, directed to him at Washington, 
 but which he there opened, informing him of the intended revocation of the 
 orders in council, to take effect on the ist of August, Presuming that it was 
 the object of his government to prevent or stop hostilities, he sent the 
 dispatches to Mr. Baker, secretary to the British legation, still at Washington, 
 to be communicated to our government. And, having had a conversation 
 at Halifax, with Vice-Admiral Sawyer, naval commander, and Sir John Sher- 
 broke, lieutenant-governor, he was authorized by them to say to Mr. Baker, 
 that the decisions of cases of capture of American vessels should be 
 suspended. Our government, however, declined the proposition, preferring 
 to await the result of the proposition sent by Mr. Foster to the British 
 government. 
 
 It appears from the foregoing statement of affairs, that this triangular com- 
 mercial warfare continued for many years before it brought us into a state of 
 actual hostility to Great Britain. Many of our most patriotic citizens and 
 statesmen believed that the differences between the two nations might have 
 been settled, and probably would have been, without a resort to arms, and 
 without a sacrifice of our national honor. But a majority of the people's rep- 
 resentatives in Congress, who are by the constitution vested with the power 
 to declare war, having thought it^proper to exercise this power, the support 
 of the war was alike the dictate of duty and of patriotism. 
 
 The Chautauqua county militia were among those who entered earliest 
 into service in the war. In 1812, previous to the declaration of war, the 
 militia was organized into one regiment, commanded by Col. John Mc- 
 Mahan. In- June, Col. M. received orders to detach from his regiment a 
 full company to be in readiness to march at a minute's warning. The regi- 
 ment was called together for a draft, when all volunteered, and no draft was 
 made. This company was commanded by Capt. Jehiel Moore. The dec- 
 laration was made a few days after, [June i8th,] and the company ordered 
 to march, and to rendezvous at Lewiston. Early in July, they joined the 
 regiment there, [the i8th regiment of New York detached militia,] com- 
 manded by Col. Hugh W. Dobbin, of Geneva ; Majors Burbank, of Gen- 
 esee, and Morrison, of Niagara, and Adjutant Gerritt L. Dox, of Geneva. 
 
174 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 Nothing particularly worthy of notice occurred, until the battle of Queens- 
 ton, on the 13th of October. The troops were called up at 3 o'clock in the 
 morning, and marched to the river. As many as the boats would carry, 
 crossed over before daylight. The boats returned, and the Chautauqua 
 company embarked and crossed at the dawn of day. The movement was 
 discovered by the enemy, and the cannon began to roar on both sides of the 
 river. It was not yet quite light, and no enemy was visible ; but a scattering 
 fire was kept up from the bushes on the side hill, and from the road that leads 
 to Queenston. A part of the Chautauqua company was ordered to scour the 
 hill side, which was done, but without meeting any enemy : the firing, how- 
 ever, from that quarter ceased. In a description of the Queenston battle by 
 an officer from this county, (probably David Eaton, of Portland,) is the 
 following : 
 
 " On returning, we found that the troops had retreated to the very verge 
 of the river, and all lay flat on the ground, so as to be protected by the bank 
 from the fire of the enemy; and that Col. Van Rensselaer was wounded, 
 and unable to remain on his feet. He lay on the ground with the officers 
 standing around him, holding a council of war. It is believed there was, on 
 that side, no officer unwounded, higher in rank than captain. Van Rensselaer 
 told them to remain where they were ; that we would soon be reenforced, 
 and that some officer would be over to take the command. But neither 
 officer nor reenforcement came. Our position was distinctly seen from this 
 side ; and as we had but just ground enough to lie upon, the militia, taking 
 advantage of the ' constitutional ' doctrine that they could not be ordered be- 
 yond the territory of the United States, declined to come to our assistance. 
 Having no hope of a reenforcement, Col. Va* Rensselaer, still lying on the 
 ground, said : ' Parade your men, and go up and take that battery /' In a few 
 minutes we were marching silently along the bank of the river, hid by the 
 bank from the view of the enemy, but in full view of our friends on the oppo- 
 site side. 
 
 " The battery was at about two-thirds of the distance from the base of the 
 hill. Marching up the river until we were just within the great chasm of the 
 Niagara, we found a path which wound its way up this stupendous precipice, 
 so steep, in many places, as to render it necessary to pull ourselves up by 
 taking hold of the bushes, which also served to conceal us from the enemy. 
 When the front of the column had gained about two-thirds of the distance up 
 the hill, it came to a small level spot, and halted, to give the center and rear 
 a chance to close up. On arriving at this spot, we found those in front 
 huddled promiscuously together ; and the most of our company, which was 
 near the center when the line was formed, happened to get on that side from 
 which the path led off towards the top of the hill ; so that, when the order 
 was given to advance, our company, or at least a part of it, led the van ; and 
 the first Americans who set foot on Queenston Heights that day, were from 
 Chautauqua. Our line was immediately formed along the bank, with this 
 horrid chasm, nearly 200 feet deep, directly in its rear. When about 100 of 
 our men had reached the Heights, we were discovered by the enemy ; and 
 the troops stationed in the battery sallied out, and attacked us. But at the 
 second fire, they retreated to Queenston, and left us in possession of the bat- 
 tery. We mounted the works, swung our hats, and gave three hearty cheers ; 
 when lo ! the boats were filled with troops who came over to our relief — their 
 
WAR HISTORY. 1 75 
 
 ' constitutional ' scruples having subsided on seeing us in possession of the 
 enemy's works ! 
 
 " The enemy came on to the attack three times, and were as often repulsed. 
 In the third attack I was wounded and retired to the rear. For about an hour 
 the attack was not renewed ; and our troops remained on the ground, reen- 
 forcements constantly arriving. At this time I recrossed the river. A few 
 of our men recrossed the river during the day. Those who remained were 
 made prisoners of war. They were, however, paroUed the next day. There 
 was but one act of downright cowardice in any one from this county, that 
 came to my knowledge. As this was somewhat amusing, even amidst the 
 carnage by which it was surrounded, I shall briefly relate it. As the men 
 were wounded, they retired to the brink of the river, where they lay on the 
 ground, waiting for the surgeon to dress their wounds. When the turn 
 of Sergeant **** came, the surgeon inquired where his wound was. He 
 answered only by a groan. The surgeon turned him over ; no blood was to 
 be seen, but he kept groaning. The surgeon supposing he was really wounded, 
 unceremoniously uncoated and unpantalooned him, and examined his body all 
 over ; but not a scratch was found. The poor sergeant, finding himself ex- 
 posed and roughly handled, muttered out, ' I'm sick.' The surgeon then, with 
 a contemptuous smile, turned to one who was really wounded, and left the re- 
 doubtable sergeant to adjust his costume at his leisure. In this battle, Nath- 
 aniel Bowen, of Villenova, was killed, and a Mr. Winsor died of wounds ; David 
 Eaton, Alpheus Mclntyre, Erastus Taylor, and Alex. Kelley were wounded. 
 
 "Near the close of the year 1813, the militia of the county were called 
 out, en masse, for the defense of Buffalo. They promptly turned out at the 
 call. The regiment was commanded by Col. John McMahan. The events 
 of the battle of Black Rock, and the burning of Buffalo, are too well known 
 to need recapitulation. In the summer of 18x4, the militia were again called 
 out, en masse, and stationed below Black Rock, during the siege and storming 
 of Fort Erie. They were not engaged in any battle, but almost every man 
 was sick of ague and fever, either while on the line, or after their return home. 
 A few died, among whom was Ensign Campbell Alexander, of Ripley." 
 
 British Cruisers — Battle of Black Rock. 
 
 During the war, our coast was infested with British cruisers with a view to 
 plunder ; and the people of the county were subjected to frequent alarms. 
 This being a frontier county, with a coast of 40 miles exposed to the depre- 
 dations of a powerful enemy, composed of trained British soldiers and their 
 savage allies, these alarms were not causeless. Indeed, several incursions 
 were made by the British at different points in this county, but as often, 
 perhaps, with damage to themselves as to our inhabitants. Captain Harman, 
 of Ashtabula, Ohio, passing up the lake, was driven into the mouth of Cat- 
 taraugus creek by the British brigs of war Queen Charlotte and Hunter, 
 which fired a number of cannon shot, several of which were afterwards found 
 on the shore. An express was sent to the Indians on the creek for help. 
 They turned out in great numbers, and stationed themselves on both sides of 
 the stream, well armed, anxious for the British to come ashore. Harman's 
 boat escaped without injury. The British turned and went off, to the great 
 disappointment of the Indians, but much to the satisfaction of the settlers. 
 
176 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 Lay's house, this side of Buffalo, was rifled by the British ; but on the 
 remonstrance of the American commander to the British, the goods were 
 ordered to be restored. They were accordingly put on board the British 
 Queen, an armed vessel of 10 or 12 guns, manned for the purpose, and carry- 
 ing a flag of truce, and were sent to Chadwick's Bay, now Dunkirk. They 
 were sent ashore in a boat with 13 men under the command of a lieutenant. 
 On landing, twelve of the boat crew raised their caps and bade their com- 
 mander adieu, and " quit the service," leaving the oflicer and a single sailor, 
 a Frenchman, to return to the vessel. While they were parleying with the 
 citizens resident at the place, the neighboring militia, whom a notice of the 
 arrival had attracted to the spot, not observing the flag of truce, but having 
 their attention principally directed to the red coats of the oSicer and his 
 remaining sailor, fired upon them, and broke the leg of the latter. The 
 officer otitered a liberal reward to the citizens to row him and the Frenchman 
 to the vessel. Failing to obtain assistance, he picked up the maimed man, 
 and made the best of his way on board. 
 
 Newark, in Canada, having been burnt by the Americans, it was rumored 
 that the British intended to retaliate by burning Bufialo. Having already 
 taken Fort Niagara, the militia of this county was called out en masse, in 
 December, 1813, to repel any attack upon Buffalo. They constituted the 
 i62d regiment, and numbered about 400; about 200 hundred of whom went 
 under the command of Col. John McMahan and Majors Wm. Prendergast 
 and Barnes. There were four companies, commanded by Captains John 
 
 Silsby and Jehiel Moore, and lieutenants Wm. Forbes and Hale. There 
 
 was also a company of Silver Greys, commanded by Capt. Hart. They 
 were ordered to rendezvous at Buffalo, and were quartered in log huts a short 
 distance eastward of the village. The militia there assembled numbered 
 about 2,000 men, and were under the command of Gen. Hall. The British 
 force detailed for the attack upon Buffalo consisted of about 1,500 regulars 
 and 400 Indians, under Gen. Riall. 
 
 On the night of the 30th of December, about 1 2 o'clock, the American 
 camp was alarmed by the receipt of intelligence that the enemy were cross- 
 ing Niagara river at Black Rock. A portion of the militia was marched 
 down to oppose their landing. The main body of the British had effected a 
 landing at the mouth of Conjockity creek, a mile or more below the ferry. 
 Efforts were made to prevent their progress, though with but partial success. 
 The militia, who had proceeded to the ground, not in a body, but in detached 
 parties, were easily routed by the disciplined troops of the enemy, and driven 
 back as fast they arrived on the scene of action. 
 
 The skirmishing continued during the greater part of the night, the firing 
 of which was distinctly heard at Buffalo, where the Chautauqua regiment had 
 remained, under arms, paraded in front of Pomeroy's tavern, as a reserve. 
 
 About four o'clock on the morning of the 31st, Col. McMahan's regiment 
 was marched to Black Rock, and posted opposite the ferry, in the rear of the 
 battery that had been erected at that point. Soon after daylight, six or seven 
 
WAR HISTORY. 1 77 
 
 boats, containing each fifty or sixty men, were seen to put oflF from the Cana- 
 dian shore, with the evident intention of effecting a landing. A firing was 
 kept up by the battery at the ferry, and was returned from the opposite shore. 
 One of the enemy's boats was struck by a cannon shot from the American 
 side, and sunk with its hostile freight. About the break of day, the Chau- 
 tauqua regiment was ordered to advance. They proceeded down the river 
 nearly half a mile, and met the enemy in force near the residence of Gen. 
 Porter. A sharp, though unequal contest ensued, when the militia broke 
 and fled, as those who had preceded them had done. During the engage- 
 ment, a part of the British force had passed up under the bank of the river, 
 and taken post in the road leading from Buffalo to the ferry, with a view of 
 cutting off the militia in their retreat. Escape by the avenue through which 
 they had arrived being thus prevented, and pressed, as they were, by the 
 advance of the enemy, they were compelled to take to the woods in the rear 
 of the ferry for safety, through which many of the American force, including 
 a portion of the Chautauqua regiment, fled precipitately ; and such of them 
 as escaped the rifle and tomahawk of the savages, who immediately filled the 
 woods in pursuit, reached the main road at Buffalo and at various points for 
 several miles to the eastward in the direction of Batavia, The largest por- 
 tion of the whole force returned to their homes, among whom were the prin- 
 cipal part of the Chautauqua militia. The remainder, who had survived, 
 were afterwards quartered for several weeks at Miller's tavern, about two 
 miles to the east of Buffalo. Towards noon of the 31st, the British set fire 
 to Buffalo, and finally recrossed the river to Canada, the second or third day 
 after that event. 
 
 The loss to this county was severe in proportion to the number engaged. 
 James Brackett, a lawyer from Mayville, was killed and scalped by the 
 Indians during the retreat from Black Rock. Joseph Frank, from Busti, 
 Wm. Smiley, from Ellery, Ephraim Pease and John Lewis, from Pomfret, 
 Aaron Nash, Bovee and Hubbard, from Hanover, and several others, were 
 killed. Maj. Prendergast had a number of balls shot through his hat and 
 clothes. Capt. Silsby was severely wounded, and Lieut. Forbes had one 
 man killed and five men wounded of the twenty-one under his command. 
 The bodies of the killed which were found, were buried in a common grave 
 near the road leading from Buffalo to Black Rock, into which eighty-ijine 
 were promiscuously thrown. Among these were the bodies of the Chautau- 
 qua militia. They were afterwards disinterred, and many of them claimed 
 by their relatives, and taken home to be buried. The bodies of several 
 others, who had been killed on their retreat through the woods, and scalped 
 by the Indians, were found during the winter and spring, and committed to 
 the earth. 
 
 To the foregoing sketch of military operations along the frontier of West- 
 em New York, by Judge Warren, he subjoins the following : 
 
 " At this period, the frontier presented a scene of desolation rarely 
 witnessed. The inhabitants who had escaped the tomahawk, fled into the 
 
178 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 interior, in the depth of winter, without shelter or means of support, and 
 subsisted on the charity of their friends. The panic was general, and per- 
 vaded this county, though in a degree somewhat less than in the section of 
 country in the immediate vicinity of the point of attack. The only build- 
 ings remaining in Buffalo were the jail, which was built of stone, a small 
 framed house, and an armorer's shop. All the houses and almost every 
 building between Buffalo and Niagara Falls were destroyed, as were also 
 many of those on the Batavia road, for several miles beyond Buffalo." 
 
 The following are names of the commissioned and non-commissioned 
 officers of companies of Chautauqua militia, under the command of Col. 
 Hugh W. Dobbin : 
 
 Capt. Moore's Company — -July 4 to October 4., 18 12. 
 
 Captain — Jehiel Moore. Lieut. — David Eaton. Ensign — Charles Burritt. 
 Sergeants — Alpheus Mclntyre, John Ingersoll, Samuel J. Smith, John Dull. 
 Corporals — Amos Wright, Jonathan S. Pattison, Daniel Densmore. Fifers — 
 Arnold Russell, John Bate. 
 
 Capt. Maoris Company — October 4 to Dec. ji, 181 2. 
 
 Captain — Jehiel Moore. Lieut. — Samuel D. Wells. Ensign — Charles 
 Burritt. Sergeants — Alpheus Mclntyre, Asa Johnson, Isaac Badgley, John 
 Dull. Corporals — Hezekiah G. Canfield, Jonathan S. Pattison, Josiah Gibbs. 
 Drummer — John Bartoo. Fifer — Horatio Hopkins. 
 
 Names of commissioned and non-commissioned officers of companies of 
 Chautauqua militia, under the command of Col. John McMahan : 
 Capt. Silsby's Compa7iy — Dec. 20, 181J, to Feb. j, 1814. 
 
 Captain — John Silsby. Lieut. — Charles Bemus. Ensign — Clark Parker. 
 Sergeants — Zephaniah Phelps, Abijah Bennett, Peter Simmons, John Wisner, 
 Wm. Russell, [substitute for H. Tinkcom,] David Bly. Corporals — Robert 
 Latham, Stephen Deming, Samuel Griffith, Hezekiah Seymour, Asa Martin. 
 Drummer — John Lee. Fifers — Myron Bly, Alanson Root. 
 
 Lieut. Forbes' Company — Dec. 20, J8ij, to Feb. j, 1814. 
 
 [This company was set off from Capt. Silsby's. Solomon Jones was 
 appointed captain ; Wm. Forbes, lieut. ; and William Martin, ensign. Mr. 
 Jones decHning the appointment, Forbes was the senior in command.] 
 
 Lieutenant — William Forbes. Ensign — William Martin. Sergeants — Amos 
 Bird, Phineas Palmeter, Jr., Isaac Martin, Elijah Akin. Corporals — Stephen 
 Hadley, Ira Owens. 
 
 * Capt. Adam^ Company — Dec. 20, i8ij, to Feb. j, 1814. 
 
 Captain — Moses Adams. First Lieut. — David Eaton. Second Lieut. — 
 Campbell Alexander. Ensign — William Ingersoll. Sergeants — Nathaniel 
 Fay, Ja.mes Dickson, John Dull, Philip Stephens, Daniel C. Northrup, Robert 
 C. Dickson. Corporals — Pliny Case, [substitute for I. Sweet,] Friend John- 
 son, [taken prisoner at Black Rock,] Rufiis Perry, Wm. M. Riddle, Wilder 
 Emerson, John Smith, [wounded.] Drummer — George Hall. Fifer — Bar- 
 ney Turtelot. 
 
 Capt. Tubbs' Company — Dec. 20, 181 j, to Feb. j, 1814. 
 
 Captain — Martin B. Tubbs. Lieut. — Peter Ingersoll. Ensign — Guy 
 Webster. Sergeants — Miles Webster, Joel Barrell, James Knapp, Nathaniel 
 
WAR HISTORY. 179 
 
 Barney, Jonathan S. Pattison. Corporals — Salmon Munger, Ira Clothier, 
 Allen Denny, Asahel Burnham, Uriah Nash, Moses Hines. Fifers — Wm. 
 Wilcox, Thomas Nevins. _ DrumfHers — ^John Bartoo, Samuel Nevins. 
 
 Capt. Tubbs" Company — Aug. i, 1814, to Sept. 26, 1814. 
 
 Captain — Martin B. Tubbs. Lieut. — Benj. Perry. Ensign — Samuel 
 
 Smith. Sergeants — Miles Webster, Sudim Graves, Jonathan S. Pattison, 
 
 James Knapp. Corporals — Chester Smith, Arunah Gilmore, Rufus Ransted, 
 
 Preserved Wells, Ira Clothier. Drummer — Jno. White. Fifer — Thos. Nevins. 
 
 Capt. McMahan's Company — August i, 1814. 
 Captain — James McMahan. Lieutenant — Charles Bemus. Second Lieut. — 
 Campbell Alexander. Ensign — William Ingersoll. Sergeants — Zephaniah 
 Phillips, Nathaniel Fay, Isaiah Martin, Daniel C. Northrup, Reuben Ellis, 
 Daniel Bennett. Corporals — Robert Latham, Stephen Dunning, Pliny Cass, 
 Lorrel Nichols, Rufus Berry. Fifers — Wm. Bandel, Myron Bly. 
 
 In the original record of the companies, we find a large portion of the 
 persons enrolled, marked as deserters. Of one of the companies, more than 
 one-half are so designated ; of two or three others, a considerable number ; 
 and a few in the remaining ones. The greater portion of those who were 
 returned as deserters, are not to be considered as really such. The state of 
 their families, and the condition of affairs at and about Buffalo, were such as 
 to justify a majority of them to visit their homes. Circumstances clearly 
 indicate that the defection of most of them may not be justly ascribed to 
 cowardice or disloyalty. Their character forbids the supposition. They 
 were then and during the remainder of their lives, highly respected citizens, 
 some of whom are still living. Nor did they leave clandestinely as deserters 
 usually do. Judge Foote, in a note at the end of the lists, says : 
 
 " It will be seen that nearly all the desertions were in the companies of 
 Col. McMahan's regiment, in the winter of 1813-1814, in the vicinity of 
 Buffalo, after it had been burned. They had notRing to do. They had no 
 quarters or tents, nor comfortable rations ; and they went home openly and 
 boldly, with the knowledge of the officers, without opposition, though without 
 their consent." 
 
 George W. Manly, a substitute for Asahel Russell, under Capt. Silsby, 
 and discharged at or near Fort Niagara, where he remained until after the 
 Buffalo battle, after which he went to the battle ground " to look for the dead 
 and wounded," says : 
 
 "There was not a house nor tent for the soldiers in the town. They could 
 not procure food or lodging ; and there was not an enemy on this side of the 
 river. The soldiers that went home to Chautauqua did so because they were 
 obliged to ; being without money, and having no government stock on hand. 
 Besides, most of them had left their families and cattle without food. The 
 latter had to be kept on browse, and some of them died. The weather was 
 cold, and the soldiers had to furnish their own blankets, for the want of 
 which their families were suffering ; and their presence at home was necessary 
 to keep their families from starvation." 
 
 William Russell, a sergeant in Capt. Silsb/s company, thus describes the 
 state of things at home on his return : 
 
l8o HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 " My wife and children met me at the gate to welcome me in, and said : 
 ' You will not go back again ?' I told her I should, the day after to-morrow, 
 [the 3d of January,] and that I had the premise of being discharged in a few 
 days. On the 6th day I returned to Buffalo with what deserters I could find, 
 about ten. We were in season to help gather and bury the dead. I returned 
 home the last week in February or the first in March. I found two of my 
 cows lying dead, having died of starvation. Isaac Young had brought my 
 wife a peck of musty meal. She boiled a quart into mush and fed it to one 
 cow at night, and another quart the next morning ; but it did not save her 
 life. Young promised her a peck of com per week until I returned home — 
 a small allowance for her and six children^ She proceeded to get supper. 
 There was a little meat, but no bread except a little piece of johnny-cake. 
 I said, boil some potatoes ; but there was not one left ; all had been fed to 
 the cows to save their lives, but they died. Bed time came ; when she said : 
 ' We will fix for bed ; I suppose you have got seasoned to lying on the floor.' 
 'Yes,' I replied, 'and on the ground too.' She swept the floor, and brought 
 on the bed. I told her to bring on the straw bed. She said there had been 
 no straw in the tick for three weeks ; it had all been fed to the cows. * * * 
 Now, Judge Foote, you can better conceive my feelings than I can describe 
 them. To think of the privations and hardships we all went through, and to 
 bear the name of deserters withal, makes the blood boil in my veins. Not a 
 word is said about our volunteering under Gen. Peter B. Porter, and going 
 over to Fort Erie ; that is all forgotten." 
 
 David Eaton, late of Portland, under date of August 26, 1832, wrote on 
 this subject as follows : 
 
 " We all admitted and felt that the affair at Black Rock and BuflFalo was 
 disgraceful to the militia, not of Chautauqua county alone, but of Western 
 New York. While a part of the militia of this county remained in the vicin- 
 ity of Buffalo, and another part returned, and continued in service some five 
 or six weeks, I have no knowledge that any from the other counties, — Cattar- 
 augus, Allegany, Niagara, •Genesee, and perhaps Orleans and Steuben — ever 
 returned at all. If the odium of desertion fairly attaches to any of us, it does 
 also to all of them, their oflScers included. And I strongly suspect, (though 
 I do not know,) that the regiments from those counties were never mustered 
 at all ; and, if so, no record was ever made of their being in the service. 
 And thus they slipped their own necks out of the yoke, and left the disgrace, 
 so far as appears from the returns, to be borne wholly by poor old Chau- 
 tauqua. * * * If they [from those counties] did desert, officers and all, 
 that is no excuse for us. I have no disposition to gloss over our conduct 
 by a comparison with others, but am willing that the truth should be known. 
 A part of our regiment did leare after the battle, came home, and did not 
 return ; and perhaps there was no other way than to return them as deserters. 
 But even in their case, something may be said in their favor. It was well 
 known that Gen. McClure had just burned Newark, and everybody expected 
 that the enemy would retaliate by burning Buffalo. When the mihtia of the 
 western counties were called out, en masse, it was generally understood that 
 it was for the express purpose of defending that place. And when they found 
 that all was lost, it was not unnatural for them to suppose that their services 
 were no longer needed. Col. John McMahan, who commanded the regiment 
 from this county, said, he had been legally called into the service of the 
 United States, and he meant to stay till he could be legally discharged. He 
 
WAR HISTORY. l8l 
 
 did so, and did all he could to get the men back, and keep them there. He 
 was, however, rather liberal in giving furloughs, and many of us took the ad- 
 vantage of it, myself among the rest." 
 
 Gen. Hall, in his report of January 6, 1814, says: "The Chautauqua 
 militia, a regiment under the command of Lt. Col. McMahan, which arrived 
 at Buffalo on the 29th of December, about 300 men, swelled my force to 
 2,011 ; which was reduced by alarm and desertion, on the morning of the 
 alarm, to less than 1,200 men. And so deficient were my supplies of ammu- 
 nition, that a great part of the cartridges for Lt. Col. McMahan's regiment 
 were made and distributed after they were paraded on the morning of the 
 battle. * * * Col. McMahan's regiment had been a reserve in battle ; 
 but when ordered into action, terror seized them — they flew in disgrace, 
 though some stood by and behaved well, and endeavored to rally men." 
 
 To the defection of the reserve, he imputes, in great part, his defeat. 
 
 From the statements in preceding pages, it is not easy to determine what 
 measure of blame attaches to the Chautauqua militia. It should be remem- 
 bered that they were raw soldiers, without adequate drill, and without expe- 
 rience, hurried into action, almost at the moment of their arrival, against the 
 well-drilled and experienced British soldiers. There may have been Other 
 difficulties which could not have been overcome by the best-disciplined 
 troops. It was well for themselves and their families, that their services 
 were not needed for any considerable period after the unfortunate engage- 
 ment we have described. 
 
 When the war was about to commence, many were more apprehensive of 
 our inability to cope wilh the enemy on the seas than on the land. But it 
 is now generally conceded that our greatest successes were achieved by our 
 navy. Both the belligerents probably congratulated themselves on the re- 
 turn of peace, though neither had occasion to rejoice at what had been 
 gained in the contest. We doubtless convinced Great Britain of our strength 
 as a nation, and our ability to defend ourselves against the encroachments 
 and injuries of other powers; but our government failed to secure the only 
 object fought for — to redress the grievance of the impressment of seamen on 
 American vessels. The repeal of the British orders in council, of which we 
 justly complained, as will be remembered, was proclaimed before the war 
 had really commenced, leaving only the impressment question at issue, which 
 was left as it had been, without any concession on the part of Great Britain. 
 Peace, even with this grievance unredressed, was a boon, for which our 
 people had reason to be grateful. Especially have we occasion to rejoice at 
 the prospect of perpetual peace between two nations having a common ori- 
 gin, a common language, and a common religion. 
 
 The last battle was fought at New Orleans, in which our army under Gen. 
 Jackson gained a brilliant victory, after the treaty of peace had been negoti- 
 ated in Europe. Peace, however, was not proclaimed in this country until 
 February following. 
 
1 82 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 CIVIL WAR. 
 
 Its Origin. 
 
 An enumeration of all the events which led to the war of the rebellion, is 
 incompatible with the design as well as the prescribed limits of this work. 
 Yet, as it seems proper that some statement of the causes of a war should be 
 transmitted with its history, we preface our brief sketch of the rebellion with 
 the mention of a few of the antecedents of the war in which many of the 
 citizens of Chautauqua county bore an honorable and a conspicuous part. 
 
 Our late civil war may be justly ascribed, in great part, to that grand politi- 
 cal heresy named in the South state rights ; by which is meant the right of a 
 state to nullify an act of Congress which state authorities may declare uncon- 
 stitutional — a doctrine expressly asserted in the original draft of the Ken- 
 tucky Resolutions of 1798, and which, for a time, was accepted by a majority 
 of the people of the North as well as the South — a doctrine which involves 
 the right of a state to secede from the Union. In 1832, South Carolina, 
 displeased with a protective tariff, passed an ordinance of secession ; but by 
 concessions to her prejudices and demands, she was induced to repeal her 
 ordinance, and consented to remain in the Union. The cause of the late war 
 was the evident determination of the Northern states to prevent the further 
 extension of slavery. The effort to introduce slavery into Kansas had proved 
 unsuccessful. The election of Mr. Lincoln was regarded by the South as a 
 death-blow to their favorite project, unless they could separate themselves 
 from the Union. 
 
 The republican party had been formed in 1855, upon the issue of slavery 
 extension. In 1856, threats of disunion, in case of the election of Fremont, 
 were uttered by the leading statesmen of the South ; and the election of Mr. 
 Lincoln in i860 was made the occasion for carrying their meditated project 
 into effect. South Carolina took the lead in the secession movement. A 
 state convention was called to meet on the 17th of December. Before the 
 end of November, similar calls were issued in Georgia, Mississippi, Alabama, 
 Virginia, Florida, and Louisiana; and their legislatures assembled in Decem- 
 ber and January. Before the meeting of Congress in December, the move- 
 ment for immediate secession was confined to the cotton and Gulf states. 
 The secession of Tennessee, Texas, Arkansas, and North Carolina was for 
 a time delayed. 
 
 Congress met December 3, i860. In his message, President Buchanan 
 ascribes the occurrences at the South to " the long continued and intemperate 
 interference of the northern people with the question of slavery." He says 
 it would be " easy for the American people to settle the slavery question for- 
 ever, and to restore peace and harmony. * * * All that is necessary, 
 and all for which the slave states have ever contended, is to be let alone." 
 He denies the right of secession as a constitutional right, and says : " Seces- 
 sion is neither more nor less than revolution. It may, or it may not, be a 
 
WAR HISTORY. 1 83 
 
 justifiable revolution ; but still it is revolution." He discusses the question 
 as to the power of Congress to coerce into submission a state which is 
 attempting to withdraw, or has withdrawn from the confederacy ; and con- 
 cludes, " that no such power has been delegated to Congress or to any other 
 department of the federal government. * * * War would present the 
 most effectual means of destroying the Union, and banish all hope of its 
 peaceable reconstruction. * * * Congress possess many means of pre- 
 serving it by conciliation; but the sword was not placed in their hand to 
 preserve it by force.'' 
 
 The argument of the president against the power to coerce a state, seems 
 to have been based upon the official opinion of Attorney-General Black. 
 The president may employ the land and naval forces to aid him in executing 
 the laws. He can thus enforce the collection of the duties within the proper 
 port of entry, but he is not confined to the custom-house nor any particular 
 spot. He says : 
 
 " To send a military force into a state to act against the people, would be 
 simply making war upon them. Existing laws put and keep the government 
 strictly on the defensive. Force can be used only to repel an assault upon 
 the public property, and aid the courts in the performance of their duty. 
 * * * If war can not be declared, nor hostilities carried on against a 
 state, by the central government, then it seems to follow that an attempt to 
 do so would be ipso facto an expulsion of such state from the Union. Being 
 treated as an alien and an enemy, she would be compelled to act accordingly. 
 And if Congress shall thus break up this Union, will not all the states be ab- 
 solved from their federal obligations ? Is any portion of the people bound 
 to contribute their money or blood to carry on such a contest ? * * * 
 If this view of the subject be as correct as I think it is, then the Union must 
 utterly perish at the moment when Congress shall arm one part of the people 
 against another for any purpose but that of merely protecting the general 
 government in the exercise of its proper constitutional functions." 
 
 On the 2ist of December, i860. South Carolina passed the secession ordi- 
 nance; and on the 24th, Gov. Pickens, by proclamation, declared South 
 Carolina to be " a separate, sovereign, free and independent state, having a 
 right to levy war, conclude peace, negotiate treaties," etc. It is worthy of 
 note, that the secretary of war, John B. Floyd, of Va., had placed in the 
 arsenal at Charleston about 70,000 stand of arms ; and the arsenal was put 
 in the care of the governor of the state, by which means the arms got into 
 the hands of the conspirators ; thus showing the complicity of the secretary 
 in the treason. The two South Carolina senators had resigned their seats. 
 Cobb, secretary of the treasury, resigned December loth; and Senator Cass, 
 of Michigan, on the 14th. The resignation of the latter was believed to 
 have been caused by the president's unwillingness to resort to coercion, even 
 to protect the public property. 
 
 Serious apprehensions for the safety of Major Anderson and his men in 
 Fort Moultrie, were entertained. His garrison consisted of only sixty effec- 
 tive men; and the fort was an indifferent and insecure one. Unsuspected by 
 the South Carolina authorities, and without the knowledge of the president, 
 
1 84 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 and having, moreover, been denied reenforcements, on the night of the 
 26th of December, he left Fort Moultrie, and occupied Fort Sumter, which 
 had been prepared for him. The evacuation of Fort Moultrie surprised 
 the South Carolinians and the president : the former, because they consid- 
 ered the president under a pledge to prevent such a movement ; the latter, 
 because he had instructed Major Anderson to pursue a course which should 
 guard against a collision of troops with the people of that state. He had 
 enjoined him "not to take up, without necessity, any position which could 
 be construed into the assumption of a hostile attitude ; but to hold posses- 
 sion of the forts, and, if attacked, to defend himself" 
 
 From the feelings and expressions of the people in and about Charleston, 
 and from the preparations for military movements, Anderson had reason 
 to expect either an attack in an almost defenceless fort, or an early occupa- 
 tion of Fort Sumter. Should the latter take place, he could not maintain 
 his position a single day ; and having no expectation of reenforcements, he 
 thought it his duty to change his position. This movement, however, was 
 construed into a threat of coercion, and was immediately followed by prep- 
 arations for resistance. 
 
 Commencement of Hostilities. 
 
 The South Carolina convention which had been called to meet on the 17 th 
 of December, i860, elected three commissioners "to treat with the United 
 States " for a peaceful settlement. They arrived at Washington the 26th, 
 and, in obedience to their instructions, demanded of the president the un- 
 conditional evacuation of the forts in the harbor, in case of his refusal to 
 order Anderson back to Fort Moultrie. The post-office and the telegraph 
 offices were taken under control of the state authorities ; and possession was 
 taken of the custom-house and of Fort Moultrie and Castle Pinckney by the 
 state troops, who were readily supphed by the arms and munitions which Sec- 
 retary Floyd had placed in the arsenal there. Of the interview between the 
 commissioners and the president, it needs only to be said that it was fruitless. 
 
 F^rly in January, 1861, the steamer. Star of the West, left New York, by 
 order of the war department, then conducted by Joseph Holt, of Ky., with 
 provisions and munitions and 200 troops for Fort Sumter. The Charleston 
 authorities having become apprised of this, they made preparations to resist 
 the passage of the steamer to her destination. When within about two mUes 
 of Fort Sumter, a masked battery from Morris' Island opened fire upon her. 
 She was struck several times, and was compelled to return without accom- 
 plishing her mission. 
 
 Early in February, the secretaries of departments from the seceding states, 
 and their senators and many of their representatives, had resigned their seats. 
 In January, the seven states which united in forming the Southern Confed- 
 eracy, had adopted their ordinances of secession ; [South Carolina, Dec. 20, 
 i860; Texas, Feb. i, 1861.] 
 
 On the 4th of February, the members of the sofifcem convention met at 
 
WAR HISTORY. 1 85 
 
 Montgomery, Ala., for the purpose oi forming a government. The delegates 
 had been chosen by the several state conventions. The constitution of the 
 United States, with some alterations and additions relating to slaves and 
 slavery, was adopted as the constitution of the confederacy. On the 9th, the 
 convention chose Jefferson Davis to be provisional president, and Alexander 
 H. Stephens, vice-president. 
 
 Sundry peace measures were proposed in Congress, but without effect. 
 Also a "peace convention," proposed by the state of Virginia, in which 
 twenty-one states were represented, met at Washington on the 4th of Feb- 
 ruary, and continued its session until the 27 th. The seceding states took no 
 part in it. It was without any practical result. 
 
 The war was commenced by the bombardment of Fort Sumter, April 1 2, 
 x86i. The batteries of Sullivan's Island, Morris' Island, and other points, 
 were opened on the fort at 4 o'clock in the morning. Fort Sumter returned 
 the fire, and a brisk cannonading was kept up for some time. In answer to 
 the Confederate General Beauregard's demand to surrender the fort, Major 
 Anderson replied, that he would surrender when his supplies were exhausted ; 
 that is, if he were not reenforced. On the next day he surrendered the fort. 
 After the surrender, bells were rung and cannons fired in Charleston. No 
 lives, it was said, were lost in the bombardment, though several of Ander- 
 son's men were wounded. The rebels also pretended that they had 
 suflfered no loss. This was at first believed. It was afterward stated on what 
 was considered reliable authority, that about 300 were killed in Fort Moultrie 
 alone. This statement was corroborated by a northern man who had been 
 forced into the confederate service, and who was in Fort Moultrie during 
 the bombardment. Major Anderson and his men left on the 14th for New 
 York, on the steamer Isabel. The necessity of the surrender appears from 
 Major Anderson's dispatch to the secretary of war : 
 
 " Sir : Having defended Fort Sumter 34 hours, until quarters were en- 
 tirely burned, main gates destroyed by fire, the gorge wall seriously injured, 
 magazine surrounded by flames, and its door closed from the effects of heat, 
 four barrels and three cartridges of powder only being available, and no 
 provisions but pork remaining, I accepted terms of evacuation offered by 
 Gen. Beauregard, being the same offered by him on the nth instant, prior 
 to the commencement of hostilities, and marched out of the fort on Sunday 
 afternoon, 14th instant, with colors flying, drums beating, bringing away 
 company and private property, and saluting my flag with fifty guns." 
 
 It was believed that the confederates intended to march on Washington 
 with a large army; and detachments of cavalry were stationed on roads 
 outside of the city, and volunteer companies were in the capital. Action 
 was immediately taken in many of the states for raising troops. The services 
 of many thousand volunteers were promptly offered. 
 
 On the 15th of April, 1861, President Lincoln issued s. proclamation calling 
 for 7 5, 000 men, whose first services would "probably be to repossess the 
 forts, places, and property which had been seized firom the Union." He 
 stated that the utmcwKare would be observed, to avoid injury to the 
 
1 86 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 property or persons of peaceful citizens of any part of the country. And he 
 commanded the persons composing the combinations against the government 
 to disperse, and to return to their homes within 20 days from date. He also 
 called a special session of Congress, to meet on the 4th of July next, to deter- 
 mine such measures as the public safety and interest might seem to demand. 
 This proclamation was, within a few days, followed by another, declaring a 
 blockade of the ports of all the seceded states. 
 
 Two days after orders for troops had been issued by Gov. Andrew, of 
 Massachusetts, two regiments, collected from different parts of the state, 
 appeared at the capitol, and reached New York city, en route for Washington, 
 before a regiment of this state was ready to march. Many banks and wealthy 
 individuals offered large loans of money to the government. Public meetings 
 were held in almost every village to raise money and other means of support 
 for the families of the volunteers. 
 
 At Fredonia, a public meeting was held on the evening of the 20th of 
 April, and was effectively addressed by Oscar W. Johnson, Frederick A. 
 Redington, George Barker, Lorenzo Morris, Ezra S. Ely, and Orson Stiles, 
 all of Fredonia, and Geo. C. Cranston, of Sheridan. A series of patriotic 
 resolutions were adopted, and a finance committee was appointed to take 
 charge of and to disburse the fund to be raised for the relief of the famiUes 
 of the volunteer soldiers. The names of those who subscribed to this fund 
 at this meeting, and the sums they respectively pledged, were as follows : 
 
 George Barker, Orson Stiles, Stephen M. Clement, John B. & Heman D. 
 M. Miner, [firm,.] Scott Aldrich, Geo. H. White, Lewis B. Grant, Geo. W. 
 Lewis, Calvin Hutchinson, $100 each; Joel R. Parker, $125 ; Censor o^c^, 
 James P. MuUett, Taylor & Jennings, Geo. N. Frazine, Alva Colbum, 
 Henry C. Frisbee, John B. Forbes, A. N. Clark & Co., Luther Crocker, J. 
 N. Greene, James O. Putnam, Frederick A. Redington, R. U. Wheelock, 
 Leveret B. Greene, Duane L. Gumsey, David Barrell, Geo. D. Hinkley, each 
 $50 ; W. W. Lewis, $35 ; Erastus Holt, Charles E. Washburn, John M. Van 
 Kleek, Thomas W. Bristol, Aaron L. Putnam, Salmon Hart, Nathan A. Put- 
 nam, Caleb Stanley, Geo. W. Briggs, Isaac A. Saxton, Delos Beebe, Charles 
 J. Orton, W. W. Scott, Preston Barmore, John Hamilton, Jr., E. M. Spink, 
 Ezra S, Ely, L. A. Barmore, Emory F. Warren, Oscar W. Johnson, J. B. 
 Putnam, Aaron O. Putnam, Charles F. Matteson, C. W. Burton, Simeon 
 Savage, Spencer Allen, Stephen Snow, Daniel J. Pratt, each $25 ; Stephen 
 O. Day, Allen Hinkley, Obed Bissell, Wm. B. Archibald, Ralph H. Hall, 
 Abner N. Clark, Jesse E. Baldwin, Julius J. Parker, John C. Mullett, R. E. 
 Post, D. O. Sherman, Lorenzo Morris, H. Bouton, each $20. Total, $2,870. 
 
 Movements in the North. 
 
 At Jamestown, a mass-meeting was held on the 29th of April, which was 
 stated to be the first large movement of the people in that section of the county. 
 The occasion was honored by the closing of store^^ business places, and 
 a grand display of colors. A magnificent flag thl^Btd seen service in the 
 
WAR HISTORY. 187 
 
 navy, was run up on a staff at the stand, comer of Pine and Third streets. 
 Hon. Samuel A. Brown was chosen president of the meeting ; and Horace 
 Allen, Jehlel Tiffany, Levi Barrows, Sardius Steward, D. G. Powers, Daniel 
 Williams, John A. Hall, Emri Davis, David Wilbur, H. N. Thornton, John 
 Markham, S. E. Palmer, vice-presidents. The meeting was addressed by the 
 president on the nature of the nation's crisis and the duty of her citizens. 
 He introduced, successively, as speakers, Hon. R. P. Marvin, Rev. Messrs. 
 S. W. Roe, H. H. Stockton, of Panama, T. H. Rouse, L. W. Norton, Henry 
 Benson, and J. Leslie. They were followed by Capt. James M. Brown, of 
 company B., and Hon. Madison Bumell. A subscription for the volunteers 
 was then opened and a generous fund raised. After which, short speeches 
 were made by Rev. Isaac George, and Messrs. Wm. H. Lowry and Theodore 
 Brown. Also a committee of ladies was appointed to provide for the ward- 
 robe and other wants of the volunteers : Mrs. A. F. Allen, Mrs. D. H. 
 Grandin, Mrs. R. P. Marvin, Mrs. Lewis Hall, Mrs. O. E. Jones, Mrs. J. H. 
 Clark, Mrs. C. L. Harris, Mrs. Orsell Cook, Mrs. C. L. Jeffords, Mrs. Wm. 
 Post, Mrs. W. Barker, Mrs. S. Seymour. 
 
 Another meeting was held at Jamestown, Friday evening, July 25th, fol- 
 lowed by two others on Saturday and Monday evenings. In the Journal, 
 from which the following account is taken, the proceedings were thus 
 introduced : 
 
 Three Huge Meetings in Jamestown — Prodigal Outpouring of Money and Men 
 for the Good Cause — Grand Speeches from Orators and the People — 
 Poland, Carroll, Kiantone, Ellington, Busti, Harmony, and the county 
 respond. 
 
 The editor says : We hardly know where to commence the narration of 
 the exciting events of the past week. Our people have been wrought up to 
 a pitch of enthusiasm and patriotic ardor, that, in some respects, can find no 
 parallel in previous experiences. * * * Three meetings, such as this 
 place has never seen before, have been held. The meeting of Friday even- 
 ing, July 25th, exceeded the expectations of the most sanguine. Every seat 
 in Jones' Hall was filled before dark, and all the standing room was packed 
 full before the meeting commenced. Probably hundreds were turned away 
 from the stairs, which also were crowded. 
 
 Hon. Samuel A. Brown was chosen to preside, and J. E. Mayhew made 
 secretary. The meeting was addressed by Rev. L. W. Norton, Capt. Tuck- 
 erman, Capt. A. J. Marsh, of company K., 49th regiment, Hon. Madison 
 Burnell, and John F. Smith, Esq. Subscriptions for money were again taken 
 for the families of volunteers. Upwards of $500 was subscribed; In the 
 meantime lists were open for vplunteers to subscribe. Then came one of 
 the most remarkable and exciting scenes ever witnessed in this county. 
 Capt. Marsh, Capt. John F. Smith, Rev. Henry Benson, Madison Bumell 
 and others, gathered in front of the platform receiving the names of subscrib- 
 ers, their amounts, andJlfc^names of recruits, exhorting in the most thrilling 
 and patriotic tone. '^^^Kp the ball rolling, as each noble fellow walked to 
 
 LndJijjfc^nai 
 
1 88 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 the stand, and laid himself a live offering on his country's altar, three cheers 
 were given to each by the excited audience. 
 
 Col. Henry Baker was called to the stand, and made most touching and 
 patriotic remarks. The old man, trembling and weak, told how he "went to 
 the defense of his country when but i6 years old;" that he had three boys 
 in the army now ; that he hated to let 'them go ; but he " could not blame 
 them, for their 'dad' went when he was only sixteen." He did not know 
 that he should ever see the boys again. One of them was badly wounded 
 and a prisoner — if he was alive — the second was sick in the hospital. Then 
 the old man broke clear down, and sobbingly declared that his only regret 
 was, that he had not six boys more to send ; and closed with the most 
 touching benediction on the old flag and on the country. Many wept with 
 him, sharing alike his emotion and his devotion to his country. 
 
 Wm. H. Tew, from the back side of the room, said he wanted the thing to 
 move a little faster; and he offered $2 to every man who would enlist, in ad- 
 dition to the gross amount subscribed by him before. O. E. Jones offered 
 $5 to every man. Col. Allen pledged $io to every man ; Solomon Jones, 
 $5 ; and others enough to make $25 to every man — making $50 bounty to 
 every one. Midnight arrived ; and the enthusiasm of the audience was un- 
 abated. Nine volunteers had been enrolled ; and it was moved to suspend 
 operations until the next evening. The offers mentioned above were extended 
 until the next night. 
 
 The meeting on Saturday evening was, if possible, more enthusiastic than 
 the former one, and was more fertile in practical accomplishments of the end 
 in view — enlistments. The speakers were Rev. Messrs. S. W. Roe, P. Byrnes, 
 and H. Benson, and Mr. Bumell and Capt. Smith. When the roll was 
 opened, volunteers came in squads and platoons. Thirty names were re- 
 ceived in addition to those previously obtained. The meeting adjourned 
 while the excitement was high, to Broadhead Hall, Monday evening. 
 
 The meeting on Monday evening was as well attended as the others. It 
 was addressed by Rev. T. H. Rouse, Major Wm. O. Stevens, Theodore 
 , Brown, Qr. Master Knapp, Col. A. F. Allen, Capt. Tuckerman, Rev. H. 
 Benson, and others. Seven more volunteered. At a late hour the meeting 
 adjourned, sine die. At this series of meetings, the names oi forty-six patriots 
 were enrolled, and $2,600 were pledged to be raised for them. 
 
 In Westfield, on Saturday evening, April 20th, a meeting of the citizens 
 was held in Hinkley Hall to consider measures for raising volunteers, and 
 for the support of their families. The hall was densely packed with persons, 
 from the s^ppl^^outhnto the tottering, gray old man, each eager to contribute, 
 in some way, to Vhe~ defense of his country. Hon. George W. Patterson 
 was called to the chair, and addressed the meeting in a stirring and patriotic 
 manner. E. W. Dennison was cliosen secretary. Messrs. Austin Smith, 
 Joshua R. Babcock, and Alpheus U. Baldwin, were appointed a committee 
 to prepare resolutions expressive of the sense of U|Mpeeting. Hon. Henry 
 A. Prendergast, of Ripley, being present, beinfl^Hed for, addressed the 
 
 f U^^ei 
 
WAR HISTORY. 1 89 
 
 meeting in an earnest and patriotic manner, and was greeted with enthusiastic 
 applause. The resolutions reported by the committee, approved the action 
 of the president in calUng out troops to aid in executing the laws and repos- 
 sessing the forts and other places and property seized by the insurgents ; 
 invited all true patriots able to bear arms to volunteer their services ; and 
 pledged the means necessary for the support of the families of those who 
 were absent in the service of their country. The resolutions were adopted. 
 
 Rev. Jeremiah C. Drake, pastor of the Baptist church, was called out, and 
 made a thrilling speech. He excited the wildest enthusiasm, and was often 
 interrupted with loud applause. He was folUowed by Messrs. H. C. Kings- 
 bury, John C. Long, — Adams, Geo. W. Palmer, and Capt. Thomas Baker, 
 of company C, who expressed a readiness to lead his company wherever 
 duty should call. They all spoke with great ardor, and took decided ground 
 in favor of sustaining the government at all hazards. The chair, on motion, 
 appointed M. C. Rice, E. W. Dennison, and Wm. Hynes, a committee to 
 solicit subscriptions to procure a complete officer's outfit for Capt. Baker, as 
 an expression of the appreciation of the citizens of Westfield of his patriot- 
 ism in proffering his services for the defense of the government. A call for 
 volunteers was favorably responded to by a large number of young men. A 
 subscription for the benefit of the families of volunteers was circulated, and 
 upwards of $1,000 signed on the spot; and many agreed to furnish military 
 ■suits for those who volunteered. 
 
 The circumscribed limits of our history forbid a particular account of war 
 movements throughout the country. The foregoing sketch of the proceedings 
 of the meetings in this county, is a fair specimen of the feeling that pervaded 
 the free states. Never, in any country, was the spirit of patriotism more 
 clearly displayed or more highly intensified. Its genuineness was evinced 
 throughout the North, by the immense sacrifices of the people for the defense 
 and preservation of the Union. Party lines seemed, for a time, at least, to 
 be obliterated, and all classes manifested a determination to suppress the 
 rebellion at all hazards. 
 
 Further Action of the Government. 
 
 On the 29th of April, the president called out more troops, as follows: vol- 
 unteers for three years' service, 40,000 ; regulars for five years' service, 
 25,000 ; seamen for five years' service, 18,000. 
 
 Although Maryland was not among the seceding states, the rebel element 
 prevailed in it extensively. The Massachusetts volunteers, passing through 
 Baltimore, were assaulted by a mob in that city. They .eccupied eleven cars. 
 Nine cars succeeded, with some difficulty, in reaching the d^pot on the other 
 side of the city, amidst the hooting, yelling, and loud threats of the mob. 
 The crowd, unable to exasperate the volunteers, hurled stones, brickbats, and 
 other missiles, in showers against the cars, smashing the windows and wound- 
 ing some of the trooD|g|||^he remaining two cars of the train, containing 
 about 100 men, cut ^^^Bn the main body, were soon encompassed by a 
 
 ODU||Th( 
 
 w 
 
igo HISTORV OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 mob of several thousand, and attacked ; and some of the soldiers had their 
 muskets snatched from them. The Massachusetts men, finding the cars 
 untenable, alighted, and formed a hollow square, advancing with fixed bay- 
 onets, upon all sides in double quick time, all the while surrounded by the 
 mob — swelled by the addition of thousands — yelling and hooting. The 
 military still abstained from firing upon their assailants. The mob then 
 commenced throwing missiles, and occasionally gave a fire with a revolver or 
 a musket. Two soldiers were killed and several wounded. The troops, at 
 last, exasperated by the treatment they had received, commenced returning 
 the fire singly, killing several, and wounding many of the rioters. The 
 volunteers, at last, succeeded in reaching the d^pot with their killed and 
 wounded, and embarked. The calm courage and heroic bearing of the 
 troops gained them much honor. Effecting their passage through crowded 
 streets, and opposed by overwhelming odds, was a feat not easily accom- 
 plished by a body of less than loo men. 
 
 Patriotism was not confined to the masses of our citizens ; it found unequiv- 
 ocal expression in those who were intrusted with the administration of the 
 government. Of this we have an admirable specimen in the instructions of 
 Secretary Seward to Wm. H. Dayton, the new minister to France. A few 
 of the concluding paragraphs are given below. In regard to the answer of 
 Mr. Faulkner, Mr. Dayton's predecessor, to M. Thouvenul, the French home 
 minister, relative to the adoption of coercive measures, in which Mr. Faulk- 
 ner expressed his opinion that a modification of the constitutional compact 
 would settle the difficulty, or a peaceable acquiescence made to a separate 
 sovereignty, the secretary says : 
 
 " The time when these questions had any pertinency or plausibility has 
 passed away. The United States waited patiently while their authority was 
 defied in turbulent assembly and insidious preparations, willing to hope 
 that mediation on all sides would conciliate and induce the disaffected parties 
 to return to a better mind ; but the case has now altogether changed. The 
 insurgents have now instituted revolution with open, flagrant and deadly 
 war, to compel the United States to acquiesce in the dismemberment of the • 
 Union. 
 
 " The United States have accepted this civil war as an inevitable necessity. 
 Constitutional remedies for all complaints of the insurgents are still open, 
 and will remain so ; but on the other hand, the land and naval forces of the 
 Union have been put into activity to restore federal authority, and save the 
 Union from danger. You can not be too decided or explicit in making 
 known to the French government that there is not now, nor has there been, 
 nor will there be, any or the least idea existing in the government of suffer- 
 ing a dissolution of this Union to take place in any way whatever. There 
 will be only one nation and one government, and there will be the same 
 republic and the same constitutional Union that has already survived a dozen 
 national changes of government in almost every other country. These will 
 stand hereafter as they are now, objects of human wonder and human 
 affection. 
 
 " You have seen, on the eve of your departure^i|^Iasticity of the national 
 spirit, the vigor of the national government, ani^H| lavish devotion of the 
 
 iure^H^I: 
 
WAR HISTORY. 191 
 
 national treasures to this great cause. Tell M. Thouvenal, with the highest 
 consideration, that the thought of the dissolution of this Union, peaceably 
 or by force, has never entered the mind of any candid statesman here, and 
 it is high time that it be dismissed by statesmen in Europe. I am, etc., 
 
 "Wm; H. Seward." 
 
 Suspension of the Writ of Habeas Corpus. 
 
 For some time after the commencement of the war, the rebel authorities 
 seemed to anticipate the plans of our government and the movements of our 
 armies. It was presumed that information of the same was secretly com- 
 municated from Washington by persons sympathizing with the enemy. A 
 man having been arrested as a traitor by Gen. Keira, and put into the custody 
 of Gen. Cadwallader in Fort McHenry, a writ of habeas corpus was obtained 
 from Chief Justice Taney to procure the release of the prisoner. Gen. C. 
 refused to produce the prisoner, responding that he was acting under the 
 orders of the president, who was authorized by the constitution to suspend 
 the writ in case of rebellion or invasion. The power of the president to 
 suspend this writ without the consent of Congress was questioned by many, 
 among whom were some of the friends of the administration, who, however, 
 justified the exercise of the power by the executive, on the ground of neces- 
 sity. The safety of the Union would be in jeopardy if spies were released 
 on bail, and permitted to renew and continue their traitorous employment. 
 Hence it was deemed right and just to exercise a doubtful power, rather than 
 that traitors should triumph through the action of federal judges in sympathy 
 with the rebellion ; and the case of Jackson at New Orleans was cited in 
 justification. The views of the president on this subject were subsequently 
 given by himself, in the following extracts from his message to Congress at 
 its special session in July : 
 
 " Soon after the first call for militia, it was considered a duty to authorize 
 the commanding general, in proper cases, according to his discretion, to sus- 
 pend the privilege of the habeas corpus, or, in other words, to arrest and de- 
 tain, without resort to ordinary processes and forms of law, such individuals 
 as he might consider dangerous to the public safety. This authority has pur- 
 posely been exercised but very sparingly. Nevertheless, the legality and pro- 
 priety of what has been done under it are questioned, and the attention of 
 the country has been called to the proposition, that one who is sworn to take 
 care that the laws be faithfully executed, should not himself violate them. 
 
 " Before this matter was acted upon, the whole of the laws which were re- 
 quired to be faithfully executed, were being resisted and failing of execution, 
 in nearly one-third of the states. Must they be allowed to finally fail of exe- 
 cution, even had it been perfectly clear that, by the use of the means neces- 
 sary to their execution, some single law, made in such extreme tenderness of 
 the citizens' liberty, that practically it relieves more of the guilty than the 
 innocent, should, to a very limited extent, be violated ? 
 
 " To state the question more directly : Are all the laws but one to go un- 
 executed, and the government itself to go to pieces, lest that one be violated? 
 Even in such a case.dBQuld not the official oath be broken if the govern- 
 
 se.dBOul 
 rtflpn 
 
 raent should be overt^Bfti when it was believed that, disregarding the single 
 
192 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 one would tend to preserve it ? But it was not believed that this question 
 had been presented. It was not believed that any law was violated. The 
 provision of the constitution is, the writ of habeas corpus shall not be sus- 
 pended except when, in cases of rebellion or invasion, the public safety may 
 require it. It was decided that we have a case of rebellion, and the public 
 safety does require the qualified suspension of the privilege of the writ which 
 was authorized to be made. 
 
 " Now it is insisted that Congress, and not the executive, is vested with 
 the power. But the constitution itself is silent as to which or who is to 
 exercise the power ; and as the provision was plainly made for a dangerous 
 emergency, it can not be believed that the framers of the instrument 
 intended that, in every case, the danger should run its course until Congress 
 should be called together, the very assembling of which might be prevented, 
 as was intended in this case by the rebellion." 
 
 Enlistments were proceeding rapidly. In our own county, company after 
 company was announced as ready to leave for their destination. About the 
 middle of June, 1861, there had been about 225,000 men mustered into 
 service, and were under pay — about 30,000 of them from this state. 
 
 It was a cause of regret as well as discouragement to the fri^ends of 'the 
 Union, that so many of their fellow-citizens not only manifested great indif- 
 ference in regard to the result of the war for its preservation, but were 
 actually engaged in efforts to prevent the successful prosecution of the war. 
 In June, 1861, a petition was circulated in the city of New York which 
 many had been led to sign under false pretenses, and from which they wished 
 to erase their names. A search for the petition was made by the police, who 
 found and seized it in the office of a Wall street broker. The following is a 
 copy of it : 
 '' To his Excellency Abraham Lincoln, President of the United States : 
 
 " The undersigned, citizens of New York, beg leave to present to you, 
 most respectfully and earnestly, the following considerations : — 
 
 " While they hold themselves ready to sustain and defend their govern- 
 ment, and you as its legal head, they respectfully suggest that the only 
 remaining position for you to prevent the horrors of civil war and preserve 
 the Union, is to adopt the policy of an immediate general convention of all 
 the states, as suggested in your Inaugural. This course would secure a 
 peaceful solution of all our national difficulties ; and if any state should 
 refuse to join said convention to amend the constitution, or 3id]ust a. peaceable 
 separation, it would stand unanimously condemned before the civilized world. 
 
 " Earnestly deprecating civil war among brethren, we implore and beseech 
 you to adopt this course, which, you may rest assured, is the real voice of the 
 people." 
 
 About ^ve hundred names had been appended when the police took pos- 
 session of it. It was carried to the chief's office, where it was left to allow 
 all whose names had been obtained by fraud to erase them. The petition, it 
 will be seen, not only proposes a dissolution of the Union, but condemns 
 every state which refuses to sanction this design. 
 
 In his message to Congress, at its special meetug in July, the president 
 recommended, that there be placed at the control 4^b government, at least 
 
WAR HISTORY. 1 93 
 
 400,000 men and $400,000,000, with the view of " making this contest a 
 short and decisive one." And there appeared throughout the North, a dis- 
 position to comply with every requisition for all the men and money neces- 
 sary to subdue the confederates. The session lasted but nine days. Among 
 the bills passed, were the following : To legalize the past action of the 
 president ; to authorize the president to call out 500,000 volunteers ; a bill 
 appropriating about $266,000,000, principally for the prosecution of the 
 war ; an act to confiscate property used for insurrectionary purposes. The 
 confiscation act provided that — 
 
 " In case of any insurrection against the government that can not be sup- 
 pressed in the ordinary course of law, and property used or given by per- 
 mission of its owner to aid and abet the insurrection, shall be lawful subject 
 of prize and capture wherever found ; and that it shall be the duty of the 
 president to cause it to be seized, confiscated, and condemned; and that when 
 any slaveholder shall employ or permit the employment of his slave in aiding 
 or promoting an insurrection, the master shall forfeit all right to such slave ; 
 and the slave shall be free." 
 
 This bill was opposed as contrary to the provision of the constitution, which 
 declares, that " no attainder of treason shall work corruption of blood, or 
 forfeiture, except during the life of the person attainted." It is believed no 
 case involving the principle assumed in this bill, has ever been decided in 
 the court of the United States. 
 
 The preceding pages are but an introduction to the history of the war of 
 the rebellion. Nor will the reader expect to find, in the few pages which 
 can be devoted to this subject, more than a mere outline of the history of 
 a war which furnishes material for a number of volumes of the capacity of 
 this, which embraces a hundred different topics which claim a notice in 
 this work. 
 
 When the war broke out, many of our wisest men anticipated a short 
 struggle of sixty or ninety days. Some imagined that the first call for 75,000 
 men would not need to be supplemented by more than one or two calls for an 
 equal number. Few supposed that several calls for huTidreds of thousands 
 would be found necessary to quell the insurrection. Meeting after meeting 
 was held in nearly every town for raising men and providing for the support 
 of their families. Nor were our male citizens alone active in labor in pro- 
 moting the war for the Union ; equal zeal and activity were manifested by 
 the women. Societies of various names were seen springing up in all parts 
 of the North, through which material aid was rendered. Sanitary committees 
 were appointed ; relief circles, aid societies, and other associations were 
 formed, and in great 'part conducted by ladies ; and through them contri- 
 butions were made of money, clothing, hospital supplies, and whatever was 
 required for the comfort of soldiers and their families. Fairs also were held,, 
 the proceeds of which were appropriated to this grand object of benevolence 
 and humanity. Not a small portion of the labor of females wjis the pre- 
 paring of bandages, lint, and savory food, for the wounded and the sick in. 
 the hospitals. 'M 
 
 13 
 
194 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 Instead of a war of only two or three months, as some expected, the coun- 
 try was destined to a sanguinary contest oi four years, which was maintained 
 at an expense of life and treasure scarcely equaled, in the same space of 
 time, in any country during the present century. Our armies, during those 
 years, experienced alternations of success and reverse, until the resources of 
 the enemy had been nearly exhausted. The successes of Grant, Sheridan 
 and others, and the triumphal, resistless march of Sherman through the South 
 to the seaboard, gave signs of the rapid approach of peace. The object of 
 the labors and the prayers of the friends of the Union was at length attained. 
 But although the Union has been preserved, the sad results of the war have 
 not entirely disappeared. Let every friend of a united republic contribute 
 his influence to hasten the time when a perfect reconciliation between the 
 parties lately at variance shall have been effected, and when they shall be 
 not merely members of the same great political family, but in heart and 
 feeling brethren. 
 
 The number of men furnished for the war by Chautauqua, as nearly as 
 can be ascertained, is about 2,300. The enlistments from the several towns 
 were nearly as follows : 
 
 Arkwright, 33. . Busti, 81. Carroll, 42. Charlotte, 42. Chautauqua, 115. 
 Cherry Creek, 62. Clymer, 61. Dunkirk, 233. Ellery, 31. Ellicott, 299. 
 Ellington, 52. French Creek, 51. Gerry, 37. Hanover, 169. Harmony, 
 163. Kiantone, 17. Mina, 41. Poland, 71. Pomfret, 161. Portland, 66. 
 Ripley, 42. Sheridan, 46. Sherman, 70. Stockton, 61. Villenova, 84. 
 Westfield, 93. Total, 2,293. 
 
 COUNTY NEWSPAPERS. 
 
 The Chautauqua Gazette, the first paper published in the county, was 
 started at Fredonia, in Jan., 181 7, by James PercivaL It was afterwards 
 issued by Carpenter & Hull, and by James Hull, until 1822, when it was 
 suspended. In 1823, it was revived by James Hull, and continued until 
 1826, when it was united with the Peoples Gazette, from ForestviUe; and its 
 name was changed to Fredonia Gazette. It was published a short time by 
 Hull & Snow, and removed by Mr. Hull to Dunkirk, and in a few months to 
 Westfield, and united with the Chautauqua Phoenix. 
 
 The Fredonia Censor was commenced in 182 1 by Henry C. Frisbee, who 
 continued its publication 17 years. In 1838, it passqd into the hands of E. 
 Winchester, and was published by him 2 years, and by R. Cunningham i 
 year. In 1 841, it was bought by Willard McKinstry, and published by W. 
 McKinstry & Brother, [A. McKinstry;] and at present by W. McKiilstry 
 & Son, [Louis McKinstry.] 
 
 The Western Democrat and Literary Inquirer was started at Fredonia in 
 183s, by Wm. Verrinder. It was issued successively by Randall, Crosby & 
 
COUNTY NEWSPAPERS. 1 95 
 
 Co., and Arba K. Maynard ; and by the latter it was removed to Fan Buren 
 Harbor in 1837, and issued as The Fan Buren Times. It soon passed into 
 the hands of W. H. Cutler, and was continued about 2 years. The Settler 
 was issued a short time in 1840, from the Censor office, by E. Winchester. 
 The Frontier Express •vi^'i started in June, 1846, by Cuder, Cottle & Perham. 
 In 1849, it was changed to The Fredonia Express, and published by J. P. 
 Cobb & Co., and afterwards by Thomas A. Osborne & Co. In 1850, it was 
 changed to The Chautauqua Union, and was pubUshed a short time by E. F. 
 Foster. The Fredonia Advertiser was started July 14, 1851, by Tyler & 
 Shepard. It was afterward published by Levi L. Pratt and J. C. Frisbee, 
 and later by L. L. Pratt. It is now published by Benton & Cushing, at Fre- 
 donia and Dunkirk. The Botanic Medical Journal was published a short time 
 at Fredonia. The Pantheon was published at Fredonia a short time. 
 
 The Jamestown Journal was commenced in June, 1826, by Adolphus 
 Fletcher, and continued by him until 1846. It was then issued by his son, 
 John W. Fletcher, for two years, when it passed into the hands of F. W. 
 Palmer, who continued at the head of the establishment until 1858, having 
 been associated, in the meantime, \vith Francis P. Bailey, Ebene2er P. Upham, 
 and C. D. Sackett. From 1858 to 1862, it was published by Sackett & 
 Bishop; and after the death of Mr. Sackett in 1862, it was published by 
 Bishop Brothers. After the death of Prentice E. Bishop, in 1865, by Cole- 
 man E. Bishop until 1866 ; then by Bishop and Alex. M. Clark, until June 
 I, 1868, when Clark became sole proprietor. Jan. i, 1870, he started the 
 Daily Journal, C. E. Bishop, editor; and in Aug., 187 1, sold a half interest 
 to Davis H. Waite ; and in March, 1875, his remaining interest to Mr. Waite, 
 who, in April, 1875, started the Weekly Grange, an agricultural paper. All 
 still continue. The Chautauqua Republican was started in Jamestown in 
 1828, by Morgan Bates. Richard K. Kellogg, Lewis C. Todd, Charles 
 McLean, Alfred Smith, and Wm. H. Cutler, were successively interested in 
 its publication until 1833, when it passed into the hands of S. S. C. Hamil- 
 ton ; and its name was changed to the Republican Banner. It was soon after 
 removed to Mayville, and in a few months discontinued. The Genius of 
 Liberty was started at Jamestown in 1829, by Lewis C. Todd, and continued 
 about two years. The Liberty Star was started at Jamestown in 1847, by 
 Harvey A. Smith. In 1849, it passed into the hands of Adolphus Fletcher, 
 and was changed to the Northern Citizen. In 1853, John W. Fletcher 
 became proprietor; and in 1855, it was changed to the Chautauqua Demo- 
 crat, under which name it was issued by Adolphus Fletcher; James Parker, 
 editor; from i860, by Fletcher & Co., A. B. Fletcher having been a partner; 
 from 1862, by Davis H. Waite and A. B. Fletcher, until 1866; from 
 1866 to 1872, •by A. B. Fletcher, when E. Anderson became a part- 
 ner of Fletcher. A daily Democrat was soon published, and the firm 
 was dissolved in 1873. The Daily and Weekly Democrat are both 
 continued by Mr. Fletcher. The Undercurrent was published at Jamestown 
 a short time in 1851-52, by Harvey A. Smith. The Jamestown Herald ^■3.% 
 
196 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 Started in August, 1852, by Dr. Asaph Rhodes. In 1853, Joseph B. Nessel 
 became proprietor, removed it to Ellington Center, and changed its name to 
 the Ellington Luminary. A Swede paper was started in 1874. 
 
 The Chautauqua Eagle was commenced at Mayville in 1819 by Robert 
 J. Curtis and continued about one year. The Mayville Sentinel was started 
 in 1834, by Timothy Kibbe, and the next year passed into the hands of 
 Beman Brockway, who continued it ten years. In 1845, it was sold to John 
 F. Phelps, by whom it is still published. The Republican Banner, formerly 
 Chautauqua Republican, published at Jamestown, was removed to Mayville, 
 and published there a few months. The Tocsin, a temperance paper, was 
 published at Mayville, by Lloyd Mills, a short time, about 1845. In Octo- 
 ber, 1868, Wright L. Patterson commenced the Chautauqua Republican, and 
 issued 18 weekly numbers. In September or October, 1870, Byron W. 
 Southworth moved the Sherman News to Mayville, changed its name to 
 Chautauqua News, which was continued until March, 1874. The Chautau- 
 qua Whig was started at Dunkirk in August, 1834, by Thompson & Car- 
 penter. About 1844, its name was changed to the Dunkirk Beacon ; and it 
 was discontinued a short time afterward. The Chautauqua Journal was 
 started at Dunkirk in May, 1850, by W. L. Carpenter. In a short time its 
 name was changed to the Dunkirk Journal, and was issued by him until 
 18 — , when it passed into the hands of Isaac George, who published it for a 
 time. It has for several years been published by W. McKinstry & Son, of 
 Fredonia, its present proprietors. The Dunkirk Press and Argus, a continua- 
 tion of the Western Argus, removed from Westfield in 1858, was published 
 several years. The Panama Herald was commenced in August, 1846, by 
 Dean & Hurlbut, and continued by Stewart & Pray until 1848. 
 
 The Western Star was started in Westfield, 1826, by Harvey Newcomb, 
 and published two years. It was soon after revived, as the Chautauqua 
 Phoenix, by HuU & Newcomb. In 1831, its name was changed to the 
 American Eagle; and it was issOed by G. W. Newcomb. In 1838, it was 
 changed to the Westfield Courier, and was issued a short time by G. W. 
 Bliss. The Westfield Lyceum, started in 1835, was published a short time 
 by Sheldon & Palmer. The Western Farmer was started at Westfield in 
 1835, by Bliss & Knight, and was continued about two years. The Westfield 
 Advocate ytas commenced in May," 184 1, and in a few months was discon- 
 tinued. The Westfield Messenger was started in August, 1841, by C. J. J. & 
 T. Ingersoll. In 1851, it passed to Edgar W. Dennison, and was changed 
 to the Westfield Transcript, which, in 185-, passed to Buck & Wilson, who 
 continued it one year. The Westfield Republican was commenced April 25, 
 1855, by M. C. Rice, by whom it was continued until 1873, when it passed 
 to Joseph A. & C. Frank Hall ; and in a few months C. Fr^k Hall, its pres- 
 ent publisher, became its sole proprietor. The Western Argus was started 
 at Westfield in 1857, by John F. Young. In about one year it was removed 
 to Dunkirk, and changed to the Dunkirk Express and Argus, edited by 
 James S. Sherwood, and continued about a year. 
 
OLD SETTLERS FESTIVALS. 1 97 
 
 TTie Peoples Gazette was started at Forestville in 1824, by Wm. S. Snow. 
 In 1826, it was united with The Chautauqua Gazette at Fredonia. The 
 Western Intelligencer was published at Forestville a short time in 1833. 
 
 The Silver Creek Mail was started in 1848, by John C. Van Duzen. It 
 was changed, in 1852, to The Home Register, and was published by James 
 Long. In 1854, Samuel Wilson became proprietor, and changed it to The 
 Silver Creek Gazette, and continued it until 1856, when it was discontinued. 
 In August of that year, it was revived as The Lake Shore Mirror, by H. M. 
 Morgan, and was afterward published by George A. Martin. 
 
 The Ellington Luminary, changed from The Jamestown Herald, and re- 
 moved from Jamestown in 1853, was continued until 1856. The Philoma- 
 thean Exponent was issued at Ellington by the students of the academy in 
 1852. 
 
 The Western New Yorker was started in 1853, in Sherman, edited by 
 Patrick McFarland ; discontinued in 1855. The Sherman News was com- 
 menced some years ago, (the year not ascertained;) and in 1870 was re- 
 moved to Mayville, its name changed to Chautauqua News, and published 
 there about twc^years. 
 
 OLD SETTLERS' FESTIVALS. 
 
 Reunion at Fredonia. 
 
 The nth day of June, 1873, will never be forgotten by those who were 
 so fortunate as to be present at the Reunion of " Old Settlers," at Fredonia. 
 It was an experiment, and many entertained doubts of its success. An 
 earlier day for the meeting had been announced ; but a later day was fixed 
 upon as more likely to secure a fuller attendance. 
 
 At an early hour of the day, the people from all parts of the county, and 
 not a few from other counties and states, former residents of Chautauqua, 
 came together to exchange salutations once more with their old pioneer 
 neighbors and friends. The streets were soon thronged ; and the air was 
 made vocal with joyful greetings, as friends met friends, after years of 
 separation. 
 
 The exercises were appointed to be held at Union Hall, which, after it 
 was opened, was filled in a few moments, without any apparent diminution 
 of the crowd outside. As far as possible, those over 80 were seated in front; v 
 those between 70 and 80, next ; and so on till most of the young folks were 
 driven out, and the platform overlooked a sea of gray heads. The crowded 
 room was called to order at 10.45 ^- "i-' ^.nd A. C. Gushing, Esq., president 
 of the village, delivered the following Address of Welcome : 
 
 " If out of the abundance of the heart the tongue always found utterance, 
 I might hope that my lips on this occasion would be touched with a little of 
 
igS HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 that inspiration, flowing from earnest and profound feeling, which sometimes 
 lends eloquence to those who, like myself, possess neither utterance nor the 
 power of speech. 
 
 "Friends of to-day, friends of former years, friends whose venerable heads 
 are now white with the snows of more than seventy winters, friends who have 
 clasped hands in genial companionship with our fathers, we bid you welcome 
 here to-day. If but few of those who started with you on the march of life 
 are left to extend their hearty greeting, we, their descendants, who stand in 
 their places, receive you to our homes and our hearts with grateful recogni- 
 tion, as the representatives of a generation whose hardy virtues, courage and 
 endurance laid the foundation of all the advantages, all the prosperity we now 
 enjoy. It is the seed sown by your hands in the solitudes of the forest amid 
 hardships, privation and toil, which we reap in the glorious harvest of a high 
 cultivation, surrounded by its comforts, its luxuries, and its refinements. 
 
 "And an honorable welcome, a welcome tender, kind and true as their own 
 brave loving hearts, to the noble women, who in those early years, stood side 
 by side with husbands, brothers and sons, sharing their hardships and light- 
 ening their toils with pleasant smiles and encouraging words — women as 
 heroic and self-sacrificing as those whom poets and historians have made 
 immortal, although their virtues are written only in the hearts of those who 
 love them. • 
 
 " Some of you present to-day have witnessed the wonderful transformation 
 which, within the allotted time of man's existence, has changed the whole 
 face of the county. You retain vivid recollections of the early homes of the 
 pioneers, and of the struggles and privations they endured. You also have 
 pleasant remembrances of happy days and the warm friendship existing be- 
 tween neighbors, though living miles apart, and making visits through the 
 woods with ox-teams over roads marked only by blazed trees — softer memo- 
 ries of quilting frolics where they ate pumpkin pie and doughnuts, and 
 ' courted their sweethearts — pretty girls — ^just fifty years ago.' But many of 
 your number have not been spared to note the march of improvement which 
 has caused the ' wilderness and the solitary place to rejoice and blossom as 
 the rose,' has tracked the once pathless forests with roads on which the iron 
 horse obliterates distance ; has raised beautiful temples to the living God, 
 where once stood the humble meeting-house of the early worshipers ; has 
 built costly edifices of learning, the elegance of the structures only inferior 
 to the grandeur of the objects to which they are dedicated ; has peopled the 
 county with a busy and prosperous population ; has dotted it with thriving 
 towns and villages, the seats of wealth with all its attendant luxuries and 
 elegancies ; has broken the silence of the solitudes with the ceaseless roar of 
 machinery, the blast of the furnace, and the hundred inventions of science 
 and art. 
 
 " Yes, my friends, we are proud of our old Chautauqua. Her hills and 
 plains are dear to us. We love her clear lakes and sparkling rivulets. Gen- 
 ■^ erous nature has indeed been bountiful, and we feel that our ' lines have been 
 laid in pleasant places.' We modestly exult in the high character for intel- 
 ligence and enterprise borne by her people. Nor in looking over the long 
 list o* names made prominent in our country's history, need we blush for the 
 place held there by Chautauqua county. Amid that array in positions of 
 high trust and responsibility stand honorably conspicuous many of her citizens. 
 Of offices of highest dignity and honor bestowed by our state, she holds a 
 full and worthy share. Some of her sons have been called to fill high and 
 
OLD SETTLERS FESTIVALS. 1 99 
 
 exalted positions in the councils and conduct of national affairs. She claims 
 as hers the venerated names of some, who, having dropped the harness of 
 earthly toil, now rest from their labors and sleep in honored and honorable 
 repose. 
 
 " We are assembled to-day in commemoration of the merits and memories 
 of these and such as these, the early founders of our county, to whose firm 
 courage, perseverance and energy we owe, under God, all the blessings with 
 which we are so richly endowed. * * * To our departed pioneer heroes 
 we render not worship, but the affectionate remembrance and profound 
 veneration which their merits and our deep obligations demand. To the 
 veteran band, whom it is our privilege still to retain in our midst, we can 
 only say, that the tribute of applause and grateful respect which we tender 
 to them and to their departed companions, in the perils and hardships of 
 pioneer life, Sows straight from earnest hearts, and is the utterance of 
 honest lips. 
 
 " The establishment of an annual festival, which shall call friends together 
 in hospitable and pleasant reunion, we conceive to be a happy idea, and a 
 laudable attempt to keep bright the links of social intercourse between those 
 who once may have been close companions, or old neighbors, but are now 
 sundered by the changes of time and circumstance. Each passing year, we 
 trust, shall again bring us together, at the period of the Old Settlers' Annual 
 Festival, and tighten the bands of good fellowship and unity. Like the 
 patriarchs of old, we will spread our yearly ' feast of fat things,' and, with 
 old friends and neighbors, drink ' the wine of gladness.' " • 
 
 After his address, for the purpose of organization, Mr. Gushing " nominated 
 a gentleman as president of the day who has often held positions of dignity 
 and responsibility in the state and county, and who has ever discharged his 
 duties to the approbation of all — Hon. Geo. W. Patterson, of Westfield." 
 
 The nomination was adopted unanimously. Gov. Patterson was conducted 
 to the chair, and responded as follows : 
 
 "Mr. Chairman, and Fellow- Citizens : For the honor which the commit- 
 tee of arrangements have conferred upon me in offering my name as pre- 
 siding officer, I tender my grateful acknowledgments. With my fellow-citi- 
 zens from other localities I wish to congratulate you, one and all, that the 
 people of Fredonia have invited you, not only to this reunion, but to the 
 hospitality of their homes. Great credit is due them for their efforts which 
 will be appreciated. 
 
 " Fellow-citizens : It is about seventy years since the first white man settled 
 in the county. * * * In July, 1802, the first infant child was bom at 
 Westfield. I had hoped to have the first bom of the county here ; I passed 
 him to-day in a private conveyance — (voice in the audience — " He is in the 
 village.") Bring him up. (Orson Stiles : " We will ; he is being escorted in 
 by a four-horse team.") His name is John McHenry. 
 
 " I know something of the hardships and privations of the early pioneers, 
 although but little of the full reality. In 1822-3-4, I built fanning mills in 
 Ripley, where I tried to raise the wind, with what success many of you know. 
 There may be gentlemen here who settled in Chautauqua in 1804 and' 1805. 
 Just think of the improvements which they have witnessed. Not a foot of 
 land was then owned, except one farm. The first title given was to Alexander 
 Cochran, of Ripley, in 1804, but contracts were recorded prior to that. The 
 history of Westfield shows that for some families that came in during those 
 
200 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 years, the first table spread was a stone on a stump. It is comparatively but 
 a few years since land-holders owned their land in fee simple. I see before 
 me faces that then hardly expected to own lands in fee simple. As late as 
 1841, when I took charge of the land-office at Westfield, there was due 
 $1,500,000, and 95, 000 acres of untaken land. To-day there are a hundred 
 men before me that could pay that debt. I know not the arrangements of 
 the committee, but suppose others are to follow me, and will yield the floor.'' 
 
 At the conclusion of Gov. Patterson's remarks, Mr. Stiles spoke in behalf 
 of the multitude outside, suggesting that the afternoon session be held in the 
 park ; and he would arrange for seats immediately. The suggestion was 
 adopted unanimously. 
 
 C. F. Matteson, chairman of committee of arrangements, announced the 
 following named gentlemen as vice-presidents and secretaries : 
 
 Vice-Fresidents — Levi Baldwin, Arkwright ; Eliakim Garfield, Busti ; 
 Nathan Cleland, Charlotte; Thomas A. Osborne, Chautauqua ; Alva Billings, 
 Cherry Creek; Edwin Eaton, Carroll; Nehemiah Royce, Clymer ; Walter 
 Smith, Dunkirk; Abner Hazeltine, Ellicott; Charles B. Green, Ellington; 
 Abijah Clark, Ellery ; Silas Terry, French Creek; Sidney E. Palmer, Gerry ; 
 Amos R. Avery, Hanover ; Daniel Williams, Harmony ; Aaron J. Phillips, 
 Kiantone; Luke Grover, Mina ; Joseph Clark, Foland; Elisha Fay, Fort- 
 land; Wm. Risley, Pom/ret; Charles B. Brockway, Ripley ; Jonathan S. 
 Pattison, Sheridan; Piatt Osbom, Sherman; Harlow Crissey, Stockton; 
 Obadiah Warner, Villenova; Thomas B. Campbell, Westfield. 
 
 Robert Miles, of Warren, Pa., who settled within a mile of the Chautauqua 
 county line in 1797, was also made a vice-president. 
 
 Secretaries — C. E. Benton, of the Advertiser and Union; Louis McKins- 
 try, of the Fredonia Censor; A. B. Fletcher, of ih^ Jamestown Daily Demo- 
 crat; Davis H. Waite, of \h^ Jamestown Daily Journal ; C. F. Hall, of the 
 Westfield Republican; John F. Phelps, of the Mayville Sentinel; D. A. A. 
 Nichols, reporter for Young's History of the County. 
 
 Rev. T. Stillman, D. D., was called upon to offer prayer, upon the conclu- 
 sion of which Judge Foote said he had a favor to ask. He wanted all 
 present to join with him in singing the first verse of old " Coronation : " 
 " All hail the power of Jesus' name ! " etc. 
 
 Judge Foote, in the interval of business, addressed the meeting. He 
 spoke of his " love of old Chautauqua," and of his endeavors to preserve its 
 history, pointing to the twenty-six large folio volumes of historic scrap-books on 
 the stage as evidence of his labor. He spoke with deep feehng and earnest- 
 ness. Among other things, he said : " I want a history that commemorates 
 your virtues and hardships before I came into the county. I love these gray 
 heads, many of -them I have known since I came into the county. I pro- 
 posed that hymn because I know you are a Christian people. We all believe 
 alike in the foundation — Christ Jesus. I reside in New Haven, but live in 
 Chautauqua. Here I am to be buried — have so provided in my will. This is 
 the last meeting for many of us, but no matter, if we are ripe for the harvest." 
 
 The chairman introduced to the audience the first man born of Chautau- 
 
OLD SETTLERS' FESTIVALS. 20I 
 
 qua "dust." The Fredonia Musical Association then gave "Auld Lang 
 Syne" with excellent effect, under lead of Prof. Riggs — Mrs. E. F. Swart at 
 the organ. 
 
 For the purpose of estimating how many decades of ages could be accom- 
 modated at the first table, those over ninety years old were called on to 
 stand up, then those over eighty. The following named responded : 
 
 Those over po — Elijah Fay, of Portland; Bartlett Luce, of Pomfret ; 
 Timothy Goulding, 91, of Sheridan; Charles F. Arnold, 93, of Sheridan. 
 
 From 80 to po — Isaac Bussing, Pomfret, 89 ; Ama Wood, Pomfret, 82 ; 
 Charles P. Young, Ripley, 82 ; Allen Denny, Stockton, 82 ; Samuel Rock- 
 wood, Sheridan, 86 ; John Seymour, Pomfret, 80 ; Stephen Ross, Arkwright, 
 87 ; Rev. John P. Kent, Lima, 80 ; Hugh Harper, Charlotte, 85 ; Ezekiel 
 Gould, Chautauqua, 84; Aaron Smith, Stockton, 80; Jeremiah Curtis, Stock- 
 ton, 80 ; Darius Knapp, Pomfret, 84 ; David Griggs, Pomfret, 84 ; Silas 
 Spencer, Westfield, 84 ; Abram Dixon, Westfield, 86 ; Beqj^min H. Dick- 
 son, Ripley, 81 ; Chester Brown, Pomfret, 86 ; Naomi Miller, Stockton, 83 ; 
 David Parker, Perrysburg, 80; Orpha Burritt, Fredonia, 81; D. J. Matteson, 
 Fredonia, 81 ; Mr. Lazelle, Stockton, 85 ; Henry Smith, Charlotte, 82 ; Thos. 
 Magee, Hanover, 87 ; T. B. Campbell, Westfield, 85; J. Ackley, Pine Grove, 
 Pa., 83 ; Abner Hazeltine, Jamestown, 80 ; Joseph Davis, Pomfret, 80 ; 
 Polly Wilson, Pomfret, 80; Samuel Cleland, 85 ; John Cleland, 81 ; Nathan 
 Cleland, 78, of Charlotte, and Oliver Cleland, 79, of Berlin, O. ; Hoel 
 Beadle, Westfield, 80; James Billings, Chautauqua, 82; with others subse- 
 quently recorded, making upwards of forty. 
 
 Of those between 70 and 80 years of age, the record, though said to be 
 incomplete, shows nearly 150. 
 
 Gov. Patterson then announced that it was time to go to dinner. He had 
 his grandfather's time-piece with him, which was never wound up but once, 
 and that was ninety years ago, but it had always kept time, and does now 
 just as accurately as it did then. There was some curiosity manifested to see 
 such a wonderful time-piece, which was only satisfied when the Governor 
 held out his old sun dial. Newell Putnam, of Conneaut, O., said, " Here is 
 one that had to be wound up once in a while, but it is a hundred years old, 
 and keeps time yet," and sent up a venerable silver watch for exhibition. 
 
 Mrs. A. C. Russell, of Dunkirk, then came upon the stage in ancient costume 
 and sang a solo, which she said Judge Foote taught her forty-five years ago. 
 The bonnet worn by Mrs. Russell, was the same that was made in Fredonia, 
 in 1805, for Mrs. Thomas Fargo. 
 
 The president, vice-presidents, and all present over 80 years old, were then 
 invited to form iij procession for dinner ; and they passed out of the hall to 
 where the Stockton military band was in waiting to escort them to the 
 academy, in which the collation was served. Judge Foote and lady, though 
 yet under the age of 80, were given a place among those who headed this 
 noble band of octogenarians. 
 
 The meeting, in charge of Mr. C. F. Matteson, chairman of the committee 
 
202 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 of arrangements, continued in session during the absence of the officers. 
 Several letters responding to invitations to attend the "Old Settlers' " gather- 
 ing, some of which, with an interesting paper written by Mr. Wm. Risley, of 
 Fredonia, were read by Judge Emory F. Warren and the chairman. 
 
 Rev. Dr. Stillman, of Dunkirk, then addressed the meeting, giving his 
 recollections of coming to the county in 1830, when he was 32 hours staging 
 and footing it from Buffalo to the Haskins tavern in Sheridan, 40 miles. 
 The United States mail from Buffalo for all the west was then carried by 
 •stage, usually in two bags ; one large for the west distributing office ; one 
 small for the way offices, both bags occupying only part of the space under 
 the driver's seat. Now it is no uncommon thing, any day, to see fifteen 
 tons of westward mail on the platform at Dunlcirk for the illimitable west. 
 For several years of his early residence at Dunkirk, he had authority from the 
 postmaster to bring down the mail to that village when it reached Fredonia 
 behind time ; a^ he had carried it many a time in his hat without incon- 
 venience. Now a single business house receives a daily average of letters 
 the whole village used to receive in a week. Dr. S. gave also a list of the 
 prices of the various kinds of tavern beverages, copied from M. W. & T. G. 
 Abell's bar book, showing the enormous amounts paid by the citizens for 
 strong drink, but omitting the names of the persons charged ; saying, how- 
 ever : " Nearly every man in town was charged with grog on that book." 
 
 At I o'clock, the elder guests having got through, their juniors — between 
 70 and 80 years of age — formed in line for the tables which were reset for 
 them in the academy; and the meeting adjourned to the Common, tore- 
 assemble at 3 o'clock. The intervening time was spent in exhibiting the 
 numerous relics which many were impatiently waiting for an opportunity to 
 examine. 
 
 After the persons of 70 years had dined, the tables, which accommodated 
 about 150 at once, were set aboilt twice more ; and victuals were also 
 passed round in baskets to the crowd outside, unable to enter, for an hour 
 and a half There had been prepared forty pans of baked beans, with a 
 proportionate quantity of meats, breadstuffs, pies, cakes, etc. If any went 
 away hungry, it was not from a lack of provisions, as there were many left ; 
 nor from inattention on the part of the committee in charge, whose chairman, 
 G. D.Hinkley, and secretary, J. C. Mullett, were highly commended for 
 their skin as engineers of a public collation. The committee's task was an 
 arduous one, but was well performed. In addition to the collation, several 
 hundred persons were made welcome guests at the homes of citizens. 
 Probably considerably more than 1,000 persons were fed at the academy ; 
 and still there were provisions left, many baskets fulL , 
 
 An old fashiotud dinner was served during the intermission. At about 
 2 p. m.. Gov. Patterson and wife, Judge Foote and wife. Judge Warren and 
 wife, Sam. Cleland, and the mother of Horace White, Oliver Cleland, and 
 Polly Wilson (the Polly that was hired girl for Zattu Gushing when the tim- 
 ber on the land where Union Hall now is was being cleared off), Mrs. Judge 
 
OLD SETTLERS FESTIVALS. 203 
 
 Hazeltine, seated themselves on such slab benches and stools as some of 
 them had sat upon in " auld lang syne " at the old Wilson table placed upon ' 
 the stage of Union Hall. The table was set with the old china and pewter 
 dishes ; and the bill of fare comprised such solid food as boiled pork (with 
 the fat in) and greens, Indian bread and pudding, a johnny cake baked on a 
 board, pies and cakes from the old recipes of '76, and tea and coffee — all of 
 which seemed to be relished. The feelings of the guests were expressed by 
 Gov. Patterson in the following sentiment : " The early settlers of Chautau- 
 qua and their entertainers at Fredonia — may all live and prosper ; " to which 
 Horace White responded : " The venerable pioneers of Chautauqua, whose 
 enterprising, sterling virtues and industry have brought the country from its 
 wilderness to be the most flourishing in the state in its agricultural interests.'' 
 A Silver 'Creek miss, dressed as Sally of yore might have been, did the 
 serving satisfactorily. 
 
 Afternoon Session. — After music by the two bands, President Patterson 
 requested the attention of the multitude reassembled, when A. C. Cushing, 
 Esq., offered a resolution to appoint a committee of seven, of which the 
 president was to be one, to agree upon a permanent organization, and upor 
 the next place of meeting. The chair appointed E. F. Warren, Alvin Plumb, 
 J. L. Bugbee, Obed Edson, Abner Hazeltine, and C. F. Matteson. . 
 
 Gov. Patterson here exhibited a revolutionary soldier's canteen. It is made 
 of a section of an ox horn made tight at each end with wooden stoppers. 
 He said they could all see by that what the old settlers meant when they 
 talked of taking a " pretty good horn." > 
 
 A noteworthy feature of this assemblage was the exhibition of relics, which, 
 in respect to their number, variety, rareness, and antiquity, have probably 
 never been equaled on a similar occasion, in any part of this or in any other 
 state. Of the oil portraits and photographs, there were about 100. Of the 
 relics, the mention of them, with the briefest description, occupied four 
 columns of a county paper, and were several hundreds in number. Believing 
 that nothing done or exhibited at the meeting would be read with deeper 
 interest, it was intended to select from the long list a considerable number 
 for insertion in the History; but the difficulty of making a proper discrimina- 
 tion in the selection, and the want of space, forbid the carrying of 'this in- 
 tention into effect. A small number only are given : . 
 
 Two volumes of the earlier newspapers of the county, between tfe years 
 1 81 7 and 1827 ; and several New England papers of 1780-90 ; also a copy 
 of the Connecticut Courant, of Oct. 29, 1764, in which is the following 
 paragraph : 
 
 " A surprising concatination of events in one week. Published a Sunday ; 
 married a Tuesday; had a child a Tuesday; stole a horse a Wednesday; 
 banished a Thursday; died a Friday; buried a Saturday — all in one week." 
 
 An old fashioned side-saddle, by Mrs. Barmore, the history of which she 
 can trace back 130 years. How much older it is she does not know. 
 
 A chair by Buell ToUes, of Sheridan, brought into the county by his father 
 
204 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 in 1826, and over 100 years old. Although old style, it is very easy sitting. 
 Also the old fashioned tinder-box. The process of striking fire with the old 
 flint was many times repeated, to the great curiosity of the young folks, while 
 the old ones would exclaim, " How many times I have done that." Also a 
 pewter platter over 100 years old ; also the old fashioned foot stove that used 
 to keep the church pews warm, nearly 100 years old. 
 
 The identical axe that cut the first tree felled in Fredonia, by John Bartoo, 
 of Forestville. It was one of the tools Col. Bartoo used to build a mill dam 
 and saw-mill for Hezekiah Barker. 
 
 ^ pewter basin by Mrs. Joy Handy — part of the outfit of the wedding of 
 the Major's grandparents. When New London was burned during the Revo- 
 lutionary war, this basin was hid with other valuables under a stone wall, and 
 thus saved ; also a chopping knife belonging to the same outfit, and a toilet 
 spread made by an immediate descendant of Pocahontas, 60 years ago. 
 
 Plated sugar tongs, 100 years old, by Miss Jane Osborne ; also two needle- 
 books, 150 years old — regular "grandma's" style; also Thomas Osborne's 
 (her father,) commission as captain in 1806 ; also a summons to her father to 
 attend the Great Wigwam of Tammany, Oct. 12, 1809, and the cockade 
 worn by him in the war of 18 12. 
 
 A canteen of the war of 1776, by Wm. B. Griswold; it was carried by 
 Stephen Bush, of Ct., afterwards of Sheridan, and also in the war of 1812, 
 by Wm. Griswold and Nicholas Mallett, both of Sheridan. 
 
 The old pocket compass owned by Capt. Robert Kidd, presented by Dr. 
 L. Clark, of Mayville ; also a razor owned by Jonathan Clark in the 1 7th 
 ' century. 
 
 A splint-bottomed, high-backed chair, 100 years old, by Rowland Porter. 
 Another by Mrs. E. S. Kellogg — an arm chair, (green,) a portion of the first 
 parlor suit made in Oneida county, in 1780. Another of 18 11, by H. H. 
 Lamphier. 
 
 A bed pan of Mrs. Edmund Day, of Dunkirk, 200 years old ; it wis 
 brought here by Eli Drake — one of the first settlers. 
 
 An Ulster Co. Gazette, oli Jan. 4, 1800, in mourning for George Washing- 
 ton, by Mrs. J. D. Andrews. 
 
 Mrs. T. W. Stevens presents a needle-book in daily use 60 years ago ; a 
 pieca of Capt. Phineas Stevens' dressing gown — Capt. S. was a surgeon in 
 Burgoyn'e's army in 1775 ; a wallet worked before 1770; worked embroidery 
 done before the Revolution; and patterns and bobbins for lace making in use 
 during the Revolution. 
 
 Mrs. Woodward Stevens presented baby clothes made over 100 years ago, 
 the mitts "grandmother" Durkee was baptized in, in July, 1782, and a girl's 
 and boy's cap. 
 
 A pardon aud amnesty document, granted to a Scotch refugee by the King 
 of France, July 18, 1619, number 65, was sent from Berrien Springs, Mich., 
 by Worthy Putnam. He discovered it curiously. There had come to his 
 family a Scotch mirror of antique and curious framework, but as it was 
 
OLD SETTLERS FESTIVALS. 205 
 
 unfashionable, as his wife thought, she took a fancy to have its heavy and fine 
 plate reframed, and accordingly sent it to the cabinet-maker for that purpose. 
 The workman, in taking off the backboard, found this document neatly 
 folded and safely ensconced between the board and mirror plate. That 
 important state paper of regal execution and authority, had safely rested in 
 its ingenious and unique hiding place, probably more than 200 years. What 
 motive induced the holder of this paper to conceal it so securely, is not ap- 
 parent, but that there was some strong inducement to this end is quite certain. 
 The document is written in French, executed entirely by the pen, neatly and 
 elegantly, and on paper of the manufacture of the i6th century, of itself 
 curious. It is much discolored by time, and the texture become fragile, yet 
 the writing is distinct, and the ink stains have a remarkable integrity. This 
 relic of the Bourbon dynasty, and the manner of its concealment and pre- 
 servation, give to this aged regal document a curious interest. It was a part 
 of an heirloom in the family of Maj. Samuel Sinclair, of Sinclairville, until 
 1847, when it came into the possession of Mr. Putnam. 
 
 An Indian snow shoe taken from a Massachusetts tribe of Indians about 
 200 years ago, and kept in the Aldeh family. 
 
 A two-gallon ship pitcher. 
 
 St. Jerome's Translation of the Bible, printed in 1501 ; a " Bibliotheca,'' 
 1509, by Geo. W. Lewis, and other old books by Prof A. Bradish." 
 
 A 'true pattern of the "mutton leg sleeve," as worn in 1832, by Mrs. D. 
 R. Barker. 
 
 Aaron Smith, of Stockton, presented a Bible 107 years old, that was his 
 grandfather's, his vest 53 years old, a wooden block of 12 sides made by ' 
 Ebenezer Smith 85 years ago, a concordance belonging to his great-grand- 
 father 154 years ago, the powder horn Rev. Ebenezer Smith carried in the 
 French and Indian war the year before Gen. Wolfe was killed. 
 
 A cannon ball, (a ten-pounder,) a relic of the battle of Lake Erie, picked 
 up from the bottom of the lake in 1834, by James H. Lake. 
 
 Yam spun on the first cotton spinning machine in the United States, made 
 by S. Slater, about 80 years ago, at Pautucket, R. I. It was presented by 
 N. Draper ; also a power-loom shuttle. 
 
 A conch shell dinner horn, 150 years old, by A. Eaton. 
 
 Patterns for walking mud shoes brought here in 1822 — ^used before; pre- 
 sented by Miss Anna Jones. Also a Bible printed in the reign of Queen 
 Elizabeth, in black letter; three Philadelphia Repositories of 1801-2-3; a 
 drawing book of 1799. 
 
 A powder horn of 1776, by Mark Markham, of Villenova, marked "Benj. 
 Markham — his horn.'' 
 
 Copy of Blue Laws of Connecticut, by Mrs. Eliza Greene. 
 
 A very large pair of shears, on which is sunk the number 1428, supposed 
 to be the year when it was made ; presented by Willis Royce, of Ripley. 
 It can be traced back four or five generations. If a genuine article, it must 
 be a trans-Atlantic product. 
 
206 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 A teapot 50 years old, by Mrs. Timothy Goulding, of Sheridan ; a linen 
 apron 115 years old; also an old fashioned bonnet — in fashion in 1828 — a 
 real curiosity. 
 
 Flax raised by John Pellett, in the Wyoming Valley, Pa., 1778, owned by 
 A. T. Mead, of Portland; also cloth, (silk,) made in England in 1650 that 
 has been through nine generations. At the time of the Wyoming massacre 
 it was buried and lay in the ground five years. 
 
 The Evening Session. — The tables of relics were taken out of Union 
 Hall so as to leave the whole space in the evening, but every nook and cor- 
 ner was early filled with people; although a large share of the crowd had gone 
 home at the close of the afternoon session, not half of those who remained 
 could gain admission. 
 
 As advertised, the evening was principally devoted to ancient harmony, 
 and the Fredonia Musical Association, under the lead of Prof Riggs, made 
 it very enjoyable. Montgomery, Coronation, New Jerusalem, andjhe other 
 old tunes were interspersed with remarks by various speakers. 
 
 Hon. Orson Stiles, in behalf of the committee of arrangements, returned 
 thanks to all who had aided in making this reunion a great occasion they 
 would be glad to remember all their lives. It had cost the committee some 
 work and more anxiety, but whether a success or a failure, was then demon- 
 strated. ' He hoped that this was but the beginning of similar meetings, and 
 continued eloquently upon the duty of recreation, and our glorious county 
 and country. 
 
 Judge Hazeltine gave a history of his advent in the county in 18 15. Most 
 of the way from Buffalo was traveled on the beach of the lake. When at 
 Cattaraugus creek, he was taken prisoner by the Indians, growing out of a 
 trouble between Capt. Mack, tavern-keeper at Irving, and one May bee, 
 nearly opposite him, as to which should control the ferriage. The Indians 
 sided with Maybee. He was finally ferried over by Capt. Strong, father of 
 the well known N. F. Strong. The next day he arrived at Fredonia, a 
 hamlet of a dozen houses. But when he inquired for Jamestown, they 
 knew nothing about it, but had heard of a place called The Rapids. After 
 two days of severe travel, he found the place by way of Cross Roads and 
 Mayville. Now it takes one or two hours. There were then 3,000 or 4,000 
 people scattered over the county ; and the present village of Jamestown had 
 fifteen families. The Judge continued for some minutes recounting the 
 noble traits of character of the pioneers as he knew them — such men as 
 Thomas McClintock, James Prendergast, Judge Cushing, Dr. White, the two 
 Ortons and the Barkers. It was no occasion for wonder that, under a kind 
 Providence, the county had prospered after its settlement. 
 
 Judge Hazeltine then moved a vote of thanks to the citizens of Fredonia 
 for inaugurating the reunion, and entertaining the guests so hospitably ; 
 which was unanimously adopted. 
 
 Mr. A. C. Cushing tendered the thanks of the committee and citizens to 
 Gov. Patterson for his very satisfactory services as presiding oflicer. 
 
OLD settlers' festivals. 207 
 
 Gov. Patterson in response gave, among some interesting reminiscences, 
 that relating to the history of the big black walnut tree at Silver Creek. [A 
 history of this wonderful tree had been written, and is elsewhere inserted.] 
 In 182 1, he took a westward trip to Indianapolis. There were but two log 
 huts there then. For forty miles his road was marked trees. There was not 
 a post coach west of Buffalo, nor a mail carrier except on horseback or on 
 foot. This was fifty-two years ago. Now look at Ohio. Railroads and tele- 
 graphs were not known, and there were no canals. But he looked for greater 
 improvement for the fifty years to come. But one thing we shall not be 
 excelled in — lightning will not carry their messages faster than it does ours. 
 He again express.ed his pleasure at the success which had crowned the efforts 
 of Fredonia to inaugurate this reunion. It was a thousand times better 
 than the managers could have expected. 
 
 The Cornet Band then gave " America " with fine effect, and the meeting 
 adjourned sine die. 
 
 Reunion at Forestville. 
 
 It was hardly to be expected, that, within three months after the great 
 gathering at Fredonia, so large a number of the settlers could be collected in 
 a comer town, bounded on only two sides by other towns of the same county, 
 and the other two sides by other counties and the lake. But the event 
 showed that the spirit manifested on the first occasion had not subsided. 
 Considering the additional fact that it was announced only as a " Hanover 
 Reunion," it exceeded the most sanguine expectations of its projectors. The 
 number of persons on the ground — though not all at any one time — was 
 estimated at 3,000 to 4,000 ; by some at a much higher number. The 
 reunion was held at the Driving Park, a mile and a half north firom Forest- 
 ville — a beautiful location, comprising twenty-four acres, half woods ; and to 
 a large portion of the trees were attached the horses of those who came. 
 The day was clear and pleasant, and, as will be recollected, was the anniver- 
 sary of Commodore Perry's victory over the British fleet on the neighboring 
 lake, just sixty years after its occurrence, September 10, 1813. 
 
 But few relics were exhibited, excepting a set of china, presented by 
 Nathan P. Tanner, made to order for his father in Canton, China, eighty- 
 five years ago. 
 
 At 11.30 a. m.. Dr. Avery, from the stand, nominated Wm. D. Talcott, of 
 Silver Creek, president of the day ; and A. R. Avery, J. S. Pattison, N. P. 
 Tanner, E. Jewett, Uriah Downer, Artemas Clothier, Benj. Horton, and 
 Alanson Tower were chosen vice-presidents ; and A. G. Parker, secretary. 
 
 An appropriate prayer was offered by Rev. A. Frlnk, of Corry, Pa., who 
 was an early resident of the town. His first sermon was preached in the old 
 brick school-house in Forestville, since demolished. 
 
 Rev. H. P. Shepard, brother of Mrs. C. D. Angell, followed with the 
 reading of an address of welcome, written by Mrs. Angell. 
 
208 
 
 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 ADDRESS OF WELCOME. 
 
 Fervid summer heats are over, 
 Drouths, consuming blade and clover — 
 All the land its thirst is slaking. 
 And to beauty new awaking. 
 
 Gathered is the harvest golden, 
 
 Into garners new and olderi. 
 
 And the haymow's fragi'ant treasure 
 
 Heaped and pressed in bounteous measure. 
 
 Luscious fruit in rare deposits 
 Gleam in careful housewife's closets ; 
 All the summer sunbeam's flushes, 
 'Prisoned in their ruby blushes. 
 
 Restful days of rare September, 
 Glowing like some ruddy ember 
 That on hearthstone prostrate lying, 
 Warms and brightens in its dying. 
 
 Restful days! whose sunny gladness 
 Takes no tinge of coming sadness, 
 Days of all the year most fitting 
 For this welcome and this greeting. 
 
 How shall we our homage render? 
 How pay tribute true and tender 
 Unto those, who, long abiding 
 Slow release, are gently chiding ? 
 
 Unto those who toy and linger 
 With caressing, patient finger 
 Over tasks of homely beauty 
 Wrought by them in tireless duty? 
 
 Long they bore life's heat and burden. 
 With no meed of praise or guerdon, 
 But their souls in hope possessing 
 Waited for the promised blessing. 
 
 While with faithful hands and willing 
 Their allotted tasks fulfilUng, 
 Falt'ring in allegiance, never 
 To their stem and proud endeavor — 
 
 Forests felling, highways breaking, 
 Gardens from the deserts making, 
 Wild morass and swamps reclaiming. 
 All the tangled wildwood training, 
 
 Rank and stubborn growths subduing, 
 Wells of living water hewing — 
 By no pain or sickness daunted. 
 By no fruitless visions haunted, 
 
 By no false ambitions goaded, 
 Nor by festering cares corroded. 
 Strong in purpose — pure in living, 
 All of self to duty giving — 
 
 Men of grand heroic daring, 
 Shrinking from no burden-bearing. 
 By their self-denial shaming 
 All our feeble, shallow aiming, 
 
 By their rigid, stern unswerving, 
 Us to nobler action nerving, 
 
 By their calm and patient doing 
 High resolves in us renewing, 
 
 Lo ! they stand before the portal 
 Of the golden gate immortal, 
 And the fruits of toil and reaping 
 They bequeath unto our keeping. 
 
 Goodly acres, broad and teeming. 
 Vineyards on the hillside gleaming. 
 Grassy uplands gently swelling, 
 Crowned by many a peaceful dwelling. 
 
 Tastefiil homes and schools and churches, 
 Streamlets spanned by graceful arches. 
 
 Maple shadowed drives enclosing, 
 
 Towns in forest shade reposing. 
 
 Railroads Unking lake and ocean, 
 Harnessed lightning's fiery motion. 
 Docile, wait to do our pleasure. 
 Bear our words and bring our treasure. 
 
 'Heritors of untold treasure, 
 Without price, or stint or measure. 
 Let us show, by worthy living. 
 How we prize this princely giving. 
 
 Let this day and place be holy. 
 Come with reverent hearts and lowly. 
 Bid no thought unworthy enter 
 Where our love and duty center. 
 
 Here shall children's happy faces. 
 Maiden's sweet and tender graces, 
 Manhood's strength and youth's ambition. 
 All unite in loving mission. 
 
 All unite to crown with glory. 
 Heads with many winters hoary, 
 Counting all our labor leisure 
 If it brings you aught of pleasure. 
 
 All with outstretched arms receive you. 
 And a thousand welcomes give you ; 
 To our hearts and homes we take you. 
 Proud, our honored guests to make you. 
 
 With us — aye — but yet not of us. 
 
 Far removed, beyond, above us, 
 
 On the top of Pisgah standing, 
 
 All the "promised land" commanding. 
 
 Wiapped in beatific vision, 
 
 Of those deathless fields Elysian, 
 
 Waiting for the summons thither. 
 
 What should tempt your footsteps hither? 
 
 Ah! in guise of strangers hidden. 
 Angels to our feast are bidden. 
 Entertaining them beside us 
 Unaware, they lead and guide us. 
 
 Low we bend to take your blessing. 
 While our words to you addressing, 
 Lay your hands but lightly on us, 
 Let your mantle fall upon us. 
 
OLD SETTLERS FESTIVALS. 209 
 
 Several letters from persons abroad, former residents of Hanover, in reply 
 to invitations, were read. An Historical Address was delivered by Henry H. 
 Hawkins, Esq., of Silver Creek. It gave a history of the town from its early 
 settlement to and including the war of 18 12, and evinced much study and 
 research on the part of the writer. It was replete with entertaining and 
 valuable facts, interesting especially to the citizens of Hanover, and largely 
 so to the people of the county generally. It was the intention of Mr. 
 Hawkins, if another such occasion should occur, to bring the history 
 down to the present time. It is hoped that a similar occasion will again be 
 presented ; and that, whether it shall be or not, he will proceed in preparing 
 the sketch, for preservation, leaving to time and circumstances its future use 
 and disposal. Certain it is, there is not another citizen in the town who can 
 do the subject better justice. 
 
 As there was but a single session, only a few speeches were made, and 
 these by gentlemen not citizens of the county, though all of them had been. 
 President Talcott introduced, first, " the venerable man, known to so many, 
 who had taken so deep an interest in the preservation of the county history 
 — the Hon. Elial T. Foote." Judge Foote was greeted with three cheers 
 as he advanced to respond. He said he was a weak, feeble old man. Dea- 
 con Brownell, the pioneer justice, the Camps, Mixers, and others of the 
 earlier settlers whom he remembered, had been taken to the neighboring 
 cemetery. A few like Capt. Pattison, even older than himself, still survived. 
 Although reduced in flesh from 250 to 165, a mere skeleton of his former 
 self, it was impossible for him to express the pleasure it gave him to meet 
 them to-day — the last occasion that he expected to enjoy that happiness. 
 He had onced hoped to write a history of the county, (too old now,) and 
 had carefully collected much information which Mr. Young was using for the 
 history now in preparation. He hoped all that could would aid the author 
 in making the history what it should be. He wanted the history of the good 
 old men who settled Hanover preserved. The gathering further reminded 
 him of Perry's victory on Lake Erie sixty years ago. God's providence was 
 in that victory and the battle of Lake Erie. He also complimented Mr. 
 Hawkins. Although differing with him as to the first settlement in the 
 county, he was very thankful that he had prepared that paper, which he 
 regarded as extremely valuable. 
 
 A. W. Young, the writer of the County History, and Dr. Jeremiah Ells- 
 worth, of Corry, Pa., followed Judge Foote. As the remarks of the former 
 were in great part personal, and related to his connection with the work he 
 had undertaken ; and as the speech of Dr. Ellsworth, though highly interest- 
 ing, was a review of pioneer experience and mode of living, which, it is 
 believed, will be found faithfully presented elsewhere in this work ; and, 
 further, as the matter of this volume has already far exceeded the space 
 assigned to it, the remarks of both these speakers are necessarily omitted. 
 
 The band followed with " Old Hundred," and the audience joined in sing- 
 ing the old familiar words : " Praise God, from whom all blessings flow ;" 
 14 
 
210 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 after which was dinner. Mr. F. D. Ellis had the general management of the 
 table arrangements, and succeeded finely. After dinner the bands of Forest- 
 ville and Silver Creek, who had participated in the stand exercises, continued 
 their music for some time ; the old folks sho.ok hands again; the young folks 
 drove on the track ; and all went on merrily until " milking time," when the 
 grounds were speedily vacated. 
 
 Reunion at Jamestown. 
 
 The second reunion of the " Old Settlers " of Chautauqua county was held 
 at Jamestown on the 26th of June, 1874. Great preparations had been 
 made by the citizens to meet the highest expectations of those who had for 
 weeks and months been waiting for the " good time coming." _ High arches 
 of evergreen spanned several streets ; and the decorations upon the streets, 
 the Hall, and the Opera House, in which the public exercises were chiefly 
 held, were elaborate and in good taste. The ladies had not been wanting in 
 efforts to assure success to the reunion. The citizens of Jamestown did 
 themselves much honor by the generous supply of provisions for the table, 
 and their kind attentions to their guests. 
 
 That this festival, in all its features, surpassed _ that of the preceding year, 
 will hardly be affirmed. In numbers it far exceeded it. And a greater 
 number of persons were fed. About four thousand people, it was said, were 
 seated at the dinner-tables, and the provisions that were left, were estimated 
 to be sufficient for at least half as many more. The arrangements for num- 
 bering the pioneers, and taking their names, were defective or not fully 
 carried out. Nor were they systematically classified in respect to their ages, 
 as at the former reunion. No one probably will say that, on the whole, it 
 was not outdone by the Fredonia meeting. 
 
 At the hour appointed, the meeting was called to order by Col. Augustus 
 F. Allen, chairman of the committee of arrangements ; and by his request, 
 Hon. Abner Hazeltine, of Jamestown, took place on the stage as president of 
 the meeting, and R. W. Kennedy, of French Creek ; Wm. Blaisdell, of Cherry 
 Creek ; and D. H. Waite, of EUicott, as vice-presidents. 
 
 The president then briefly addressed the meeting, cordially welcoming the 
 citizens, and especially the pioneers of the county to the place on this occa- 
 sion. He drew an interesting contrast between the present, and " sixty 
 years ago,'' when he settled in Chautauqua county. The whole region was 
 a dense forest, with only here and there a settler. Where there was a heavy 
 growth of forest trees, are now rich fields and large houses, smrounded 
 by all the evidences of prosperity. This region was settled by poor people, 
 but by their energy and perseverance, they have greatly advanced in wealth, 
 and prosperity. He said : "We have reason to thank them for clearing up 
 this county. Let us not forget, in praising our forefathers and foremothers, 
 to give thanks to the Great God. I will now ask the Rev. Isaac Eddy, of 
 New Jersey, who is the son of the first preacher in Jamestown, to in- 
 voke the Throne of Grace." 
 
OLD SETTLERS FESTIVALS. 211 
 
 After the conclusion of the prayer, and music by the full choir composed 
 of the several church choirs, who sang " Still the Cymbals" 
 
 The president introduced the Hon. Richard P. Marvin, who, as the Judge 
 announced, would preside during the remainder of the reunion services. 
 The following is only a part of Judge Marvin's address : 
 
 " We are here in honor of the ' old settlers ' of the county. It is the 
 festival of the reunion of those who survive, and a day for the commem- 
 oration of the virtues of the departed. ' Old Settlers,' ' Early Settlers,' how 
 reduced your ranks ! How few of your early companions are here ! You 
 have no cause for mourning, rather cause for thankfulness in the reflection 
 that they acted well their part while here, and that a kind Providence has 
 spared you that you may see this day — to meet here your children and their 
 children, and thousands of others to whose happiness your labors and priva- 
 tions paved the way. They meet you here with greetings, with warm de- 
 sires to contribute to your happiness while you may remain with them. 
 They honor you, they know something, they know not very much, of the 
 great battle you, the 'old settlers,' fought with the difficulties surrounding 
 you. They, and your descendants have a clear knowledge, a happy percep- 
 tion, of the great victory you obtained ; the great conquest you made, for 
 they are in the full enjoyment of the fruits of the victory. I speak of your 
 encounter with difficulties as a battle, and your success as a victory, and 
 well I may, for to me it has always seemed that a courage, equal to that 
 which has produced the ancient and modem heroes of Earth, was required 
 to influence you, in early manhood, with your young bride, and those of 
 middle age with their wives and little ones, to leave their homes in the old 
 settlements and come into the wilderness to make for themselves and fami- 
 lies a home. This county was literally a wilderness. The land was covered 
 with a dense forest of trees, tall and large, and the axe was the first and only 
 tool required. 
 
 " The first labor was the construction of the log house. I shall not pause 
 to describe it or its location by the bubbling spring. I have no time to speak 
 of the absence of roads and mills. Let us enter at once, as they did, upon 
 the campaign and begin the battle. The ' old settler,' then a sturdy youth, 
 armed for combat with a single weapon, the axe, more useful and more effec- 
 tive than the battle axe of the knights and warriors of other times. He 
 takes a view of the field of battle, as did Napoleon the field of Waterloo. 
 The enemy to be slain may be numbered by thousands. , He approaches 
 one of them, a majestic oak, elm or maple, observes its tall and beautiful 
 form, walks around it, measuring with his eye its circumference, takes notice 
 of its inclinations, and decides where to lay it upon the earth. He is stripped 
 for the combat, he is ready to begin, and he delivers the first blow. The 
 wound is scarcely skin deep, and could the oak think and laugh, well might 
 he do so in derision of his puny assailant. But blow follows blow. The 
 weapon is wielded with skill and a will, and in time his majesty comes crash- 
 ing to the ground. Another, another and another is in the same way at- 
 tacked and subdued, and the sun smiles upon the earth and the labors of the 
 puissant warrior. The battle is continued for days, weeks, months, years, and 
 embraces many other phases before tlfe earth is prepared for the uses of man. 
 
 " I now ask the young man of the present day to go where he can find ten 
 acres of the original forest in the county, and say whether he has courage to 
 make the attack, single handed and alone. Young men, I do not question 
 
212 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 your general courage ; many of you have proved it on the battle-field in 
 presence of the cannon's mouth ; but how many of you will, for a liberal re- 
 ward, undertake the conquest of ten acres of dense forest ? I venture to 
 answer, very few of you. Your courage would fail. How many of our young 
 women would be willing to accompany their husbands into such a wilderness, 
 and submit to the hardships incident to such a settlement ? I will not press 
 the question ; but I recommend that you cultivate the acquaintance of the 
 aged mothers — early settlers still with us, and learn their story. You will 
 find it quite as interesting and far more valuable than any of the dozen 
 novels you have been reading during the last six months. They will tell you 
 of the big and little wheel, and the loom, very interesting and useful furniture 
 in the house, for which you have substituted the piano and the harp. They 
 will tell you about their comfortabfc apparel, provided at home by their own 
 labor, their calico dresses of the newest style requiring six yards, and how 
 happy they felt in them. You still wear calico, and really appear very pretty 
 in them, but tell the old ladies that the patterns used for a dress are from 
 twelve to sixteen yards. Tell them also that you do not feel quite comfort- 
 able and happy unless you are dressed in silks, the pattern for a dress being 
 from twenty to thirty yards, and the good old ladies may open wide their 
 eyes, and exclaim, ' What is the world coming to !' How can the young men 
 ever think of marriage. But, young ladies, let me whisper in your ear the 
 answer to be given. It is that since the early days of these, now ancient and 
 worthy dames, the steam engine has been invented by which, supplied with 
 water that costs nothing, heated to a temperature producing steam, the work 
 of a thousand men and women is performed, and that this engine, made of 
 iron, has actually driven from the field all the big and little wheels and do- 
 mestic looms, and so greatly reduced the hard labor of men and women, that 
 your husbands of the present day are able to provide for you more dresses of 
 greatly enlarged patterns, and by the steam engine argument, you may, in a 
 measure, allay their fears, and the apprehensions of the young men, if they 
 are apprehensive, which I doubt. 
 
 "Though the early settlers labored hard, and suffered many privations, it 
 would be an error to say that they were not happy — husbands, wives and 
 children. Ask any of the aged survivors, and they will say, with probably a 
 few exceptions, that they were happy. Happiness does not so much depend 
 upon what we have, as upon what we expect to have. They were satisfied, 
 contented, not impatient. They mingled amusement with profit. Most of 
 them took with them into the wilderness a rifle, and they knew how to use 
 it, and the boys all learned the art. Game was plenty, and the good house- 
 wife knew how to make a savory pottage fit for a king. Why say king ? 
 Much better to have said her husband, herself, her children, and a neigh- 
 bor who should happen in, at the right time. The streams were alive 
 with the speckled trout, the same for which the epicures of the present day 
 pay a dollar a pound, (though their creditors, sometimes, go unpaid.) The 
 boys knew how to angle for, and take these spry, shy inhabitants of the rapid 
 brooks, though I wUl venture the opinion that not one of them had ever read 
 or seen, or heard of the book of the celebrated philosopher, Sir Izaak 
 Walton, upon the piscatory art 
 
 " In this county there was, and is, i large and beautiful lake, and several 
 smaller lakes, all peopled with fish of the most delicious species. The early 
 settlers resorted to them for recreation and for food. We might make a long 
 catalogue of the pleasures and amusements of the men and boys ; but the 
 
OLD SETTLERS' FESTIVALS. 21 3 
 
 women must not be neglected. They participated in all the happiness 
 resulting from the success and prosperity of their husbands, and they knew 
 all that their husbands knew, and they were constantly consulted. No good 
 husband in those days ever thought of concealing anything from his better- 
 half. It would, I fancy, have hardly been safe for him to attempt conceal- 
 ment, and if he had he would have failed. She was his companion, 
 counselor, help-meet. The women had their visitings, their tea parties, in 
 a neighborhood of ample extent, say a dozen or more miles. They gossiped, 
 told each other the news as they do now, and everjiave, and ever will, and 
 woe be to the scurvy cynic who ever has attempted or shall attempt to deny 
 or abridge this happy privilege. The young folks had their pleasures, and as 
 the settlements thickened up, they had their balls, as they were then called, 
 though I believe there are half a dozen names for the same thing now-a- 
 days. And I will hazard the opinion that the net results of these gatherings, 
 and convivial feasts, were quite as great as those of the present day, to wit, a 
 certain number of weddings. 
 
 " The early settlers confided in each other. There were probably not a 
 dozen padlocks in the county when the population was ten thousand. The 
 doors of the houses, barns and granaries were left unfastened at night. 
 Their natures were not poisoned by the evil passions which now produce so 
 much unhappiness ; envy was unknown. All rejoiced in the success and 
 prosperity of their neighbors. All were ready to lend a helping hand to all. 
 If a family was burned out, the neighbors met, and in two or three days a 
 new house made its appearance. It was soon furnished, largely by contribu- 
 tions, and the family were soon again comfortably settled. 
 
 " Some of the boys, whose fathers were in better circumstances than their 
 neighbors, being owners of the only horse in the neighborhood, spent a large 
 portion of their time in taking to the mill, a distance of many miles, all the 
 grists of all the neighborhood, and the rule was that the owner of the grist 
 should labor for the owner of the horse and the father of the boy during the 
 absence of the horse, and this was generally about two days, as the boy 
 spent one night at the mill, the kind miller furnishing for him a bed com- 
 posed of the grists at the mill, and the boy took with him his own lunch. 
 The load for the horse was two bushels, surmounted by the boy. One of 
 these boys is now a wealthy citizen of Jamestown. 
 
 " But to conclude this address already too much extended. The first set- 
 tlers entered this county then a wilderness, without roads, without anything 
 which lab'or and civiUzation produce. By their labor and enterprise, and 
 the labor and enterprise of those who came after them, the county has 
 become a land flowing with milk, if not with honey, and its butter and cheese 
 are certainly more valuable than the honey of the Land of Canaan. If 
 those in middle life and younger, now in the county, shall acquit themselves 
 and perform all their duties, and with the like integrity, as faithfully as the 
 early settlers have, then the reputation of the county will be maintained, 
 otherwise not." 
 
 At the close of the exercises in Institute Hall at nobn, the Old Settlers in 
 attendance formed themselves in an immense procession, and, headed by the 
 band, marched to the Opera House, where everything was in readiness to 
 receive them. Since morning, matrons of the tables, with their busy assist- 
 ants, had been at work fiimishing and decorating their tables, and, when 
 completed, they presented a sight such as never was seen in Jamestown 
 
214 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 before, and probably never will be again. Twelve tables, 40 feet long, ex- 
 tended the entire width of the building, and groaned under their weight of 
 crockery, provisions and beautiful flowers, which the skillful hands of the 
 ladies had artistically arranged. Around each table stood ten young ladies 
 ready to attend to the wants of all who should be so fortunate as to obtain 
 seats at their tables. Each set of waiters had some distinguishing feature in 
 her dress ; some wearing jaunty little caps, and others with different colored 
 ribbons arranged upon tbeir persons. The ante-rooms, where the food was 
 stored, and the rooms in which tea, coffee and chocolate were made, pre- 
 sented sights that were wonderful. Bread, cakes, pie, etc., were stored, 
 layer upon layer, and heap upon heap. Never did our people see as much 
 food as this together at one time. Tea and coffee were prepared in huge 
 caldrons, and its quality was of the best, causing many an old lady's eye to 
 sparkle with delight, as she put in their cups the favorite beverage, prepared, 
 as she expressed it, "jest right." 
 
 Dinner time came; and the old settlers poured into the house, and were 
 quickly seated at the tables. Hundreds of old men and women were there 
 with gray heads ; many of them white as snow. Though stooping under the 
 weight of years, a merry, pleasant expression was upon every face. When 
 the seats at the tables were all filled. Rev. Mr. Robinson, at the request of 
 the president, invoked the Throne of Grace. Then six hundred mouths were 
 opened, and the old people, with a will, fell to dispatching the good things 
 set before them by the nimble waiters. How many times the seats at the 
 table were filled can not be told, as the people were constantly coming and 
 going ; but it is believed that more than three thousand were fed. 
 
 The oldest settlers' table was indeed a curiosity. It was reserved for the 
 most aged people present, set with old fashioned dishes, with old fashioned 
 food cooked in an old fashioned manner, and waited upon by young people 
 dressed in the costumes of the olden time, and direct descendants of the first 
 settlers of Chautauqua county. This table was under the supervision of 
 Mrs. O. E. Jones. One noteworthy feature of the food was a cake made by 
 an old lady one hundred years old. 
 
 Dinner over, the old people adjourned to Institute Hall, to spe^k to their 
 former comrades, and relate reminiscences of early times. They were briefly 
 addressed by Mr. Cleland, of Charlotte, and Mr. Fay, of Portland. 
 
 The rostrum was then cleared, and Miss Calista Jones introduced her old 
 fashioned school. Old fashioned desks were placed upon the stage, and at 
 the raps of the long, wicked looking ruler in the hands of Miss Jones, who 
 was dressed in ancient costume ; a troop of ragged, mischievous children 
 trooped up on the stage, and took their seats in that manner so peculiar to 
 the district school of years ago. Classes in " readin,' spellin' and 'rithmetic " 
 were called up to recite, and stood there in a row ; the great over-grown 
 "booby," the sore toed one, the smart girl and dull one, all were there and 
 in a manner that recalled vividly to the minds of many their own school 
 days in the little red house, where the rudiments were instilled into their 
 
OLD SETTLERS FESTIVALS. 215 
 
 minds, and where the happiest days of their existence were passed. Miss 
 Jones has been a teacher for over thirty consecutive years; and there is 
 scarcely a man or woman whose childhood was passed in this place, who has 
 not, at one time or another, been under her tuition. She is now a teacher in 
 the Jamestown Union School and Collegiate Institute. 
 
 Rev. Mr. Frink was called for, and responded with a fife in his hand, 
 which his father had played on through the Revolutionary war ; and though 
 advanced in years, with fingers stiflF, breath short, and lips that sometimes 
 failed to do their office, he played one or two airs that he learned when a 
 boy. They were received with applause. 
 
 After remarks by Rev. Mr. Stillman, old " New Jerusalem" was sung by 
 the choir, the audience standing and joining with the choir. 
 
 The singing was followed by brief speeches from Dr. Ellsworth, of Corry ; 
 Hon. Alvin Plumb, and a Mr. Taylor, a school teacher in Jamestown forty- 
 five years ago. And after singing " Coronation," in response to a call from 
 Judge Foote, further speaking was done by Oliver Pier, the " Leather Stock- 
 ing" of Chautauqua county, Judge Edson, and Rev. Mr. Kent. The re- 
 marks of all were interesting ; but the want of room forbids their insertion. 
 
 One fact, however, stated by Mr. Plumb, should not be omitted. In the 
 account of the receptions of Gen. La Fayette in this county, given in pre- 
 ceding pages, no mention was made of the fact, that Congress voted him, 
 for his services in the Revolutionary war, $200,000, and a township of land. 
 
 Mr. Pier, it may be added, in relating his early hunting feats, said he had 
 killed 1,322 deer with one gun, which had required, during its use, three new 
 stocks and hammers. 
 
 On motion, it was resolved, that thanks be tendered to the officers of the 
 meeting ; also to the people who had so generally contributed to the success 
 of the enterprise, especially to the ladies, for the excellent preparations they 
 had made. The audience then joined in singing " America," and then the 
 meeting adjourned to meet at the Opera House in the evening. The 
 adjournment gave all opportunity tg^witness the grand parade of the fire 
 department, at six o'clock, when the entire department, with bands of music, 
 formed into order on East Fourth street, and took up the line of march pre- 
 viously laid out. Of this we can only say, that it was an elegant display ; 
 and that Jamestown may be justly proud of her fire department. 
 
 The evening exercises at the Opera House were well attended. By eight 
 o'clock the house was well filled. A large number of the older people 
 present, took their seats on the stage. A great part of the evening exercises 
 was the reading of letters from persons invited who were unable to be pres- 
 ent. After a song, Mr. Cleland, one of the four brothers, took the stand, 
 and related many pleasing reminiscences of early life in the county. In 
 response to repeated calls. Rev. Hiram Eddy, formerly of Jamestown, took 
 the stand, and delivered an interesting address. Jamestown had given him 
 a start in the world ; and he would ever regard his mother town with love 
 and reverence. Mr. Eddy said he and an older brother cut the first tree that 
 
2l6 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 was ever felled on " English Hill," and built a cabin. Among the reminis- 
 cences of his early life in that town, was his having worked in the old woolen 
 factory, with the now Hon. T. R. Hazard, for twenty-five cents a day. After 
 some well chosen remarks by Judge Marvin, Davis H. Waite, editor of the 
 Jour7ial, read a valuable paper, giving a history of James Prendergast. 
 Deacon Higby Danforth recounted some incidents in the early history of 
 Busti. Judge Marvin then arose, and said that, by request, the audience 
 would sing " Auld Lang Syne," when the meeting would be adjourned. At 
 the close of the singing, Corydon Hitchcock called for three hearty cheers. 
 With these, the second reunion of the old settlers of Chautauqua county was 
 ended. 
 
 A large collection of relics was placed for exhibition in the Union School 
 building, which attracted the attention of a great portion of the people 
 present. A few only of the relics can be mentioned : 
 
 Portrait of Deacon Samuel Foote, father of E. T. Foote. Born in New 
 Haven, Conn., 1770. Settled in Sherburne, N. Y., 1798. Came to Ellicott 
 in 1826, and died January 25th, 1848, aged 78 years. Portrait of Anna 
 Cheney, first wife of E. T. Foote, and one of the founders of the Methodist 
 church of Jamestown. Born in Dover, Vt. Came to Ellicott in i8r2. 
 Married in Jamestown, 1817, and died in Jamestown, 1840, aged 40 years. 
 Portrait of first wife of Hon. E. T. Foote, painted in 1836. Exhibited by 
 Mrs. Palmiter. A portrait of Ruby, wife of Wm. Sears, and daughter of 
 Ebenezer Cheney, bom in Dover, Vt., 1787, removed to Pomfret in 1811. 
 On the death of Mr. Sears, she was married to Charles Arnold ; died in 
 Hartfield, 1858, aged 71 years. 
 
 From Mrs. C. Jones — Pocket handkerchief over one hundred years old. 
 From Mrs. Job Davis — Snuff handkerchief over fifty years old ; muslin cap 
 over one hundred years old ; also mits over one hundred years old, and vest 
 over fifty years old. From Miss Belle Marvin — A quilt designed and quilted 
 by Mrs. David Newland in i82r. Also a quilt pieced by Miss McHarg in 
 i8r2, the calico costing from seventy-fi.ve cents to one dollar per yard ; also 
 baby dress sixty years old. One muslin and one cambric dress, handsomely 
 embroidered, made in 18 10. D. H. Marvin's baby cloak; .landscape and a 
 fruit piece done in fancy work sixty years ago. 
 
 From Gideon Sherman — Corset over one hundred years old ; also a 
 sword picked up in Rhode Island after the British were driven out. From 
 Hon. R. P. Marvin — Laws of England, published in 1642, and a law book 
 in 1746. From Mrs. H. P. Buck — Sugar bowl two hundred years old. 
 From L. L. Mason — Original warrant for hanging witches in Massachusetts, 
 1692. From Levant Mason — Shoe buckle, hour glass and spectacles over 
 one hundred and fifty years old. From Vernon Morley — Bake kettle used 
 in 1800 for johnny cakes ; horn spoon. 
 
 From Mrs. A. F. Allen — A chest which was filled with valuables and 
 hidden in the woods for three months to prevent its being confiscated by 
 tories. From Hiram Thayer — Plow brought into this county fifty-two years 
 
OLD SETTLERS FESTIVALS. 217 
 
 ago by Isaac Eames ; has been used on Mr. Thayer's farm every year since. 
 From R. P. Marvin — Tea-table one hundred years old; silver, china and 
 glass ware used by Mrs. Newland, of Albany, sixty years ago. From Miss 
 Belle Marvin — Horn spoon and ladle, over one hundred years old. 
 
 From C. L. Bishop — An account book of John Bishop, one hundred and 
 sixteen years old ; a singing book over one hundred years old ; several 
 school books over fifty years old ; a piece of shew bread from the Jewish 
 Synagogue of Poughkeepsie ; a piece of a gun barrel used in the Revolu- 
 tion ; a poisoned dagger brought from Borneo, in 1 816, by the American 
 consul ; several relics of the Boston and Chicago fires ; two pictures of 
 Jamestown before the fire in 186 1 ; a ring and staple from Libby prison, 
 used during the war ; a tooth of a mastodon found over thirty feet under the 
 ground ; three specimens of Continental currency; a collection of old coins, 
 all of them used six hundred years B. C. ; the only remaining pieces of an 
 American flag, the first one captured by the rebels at Fort Sumter ; a smok- 
 ing pouch, pipe, two arrows of Wahassett, chief of the Sioux tribe of Texas ; 
 a copy of the Ulster County Gazette in mourning for General Washington, 
 January 4, 1800. 
 
 From Ezekiel Gould — A pewter basin brought from England one hundred 
 and twenty years ago. From Chas. Mitchel, of Auburn prison — Three pic- 
 ture frames, two containing 5,000 and one 2,456 pieces ; a work-box contain- 
 ing 13,287 pieces. 
 
 From Mr. and Mrs. Alex. T. Prendergast — Case of coins in circulation in 
 Jamesto^vn from 1812 to 1835; cane with carved horn handle made and 
 presented to Judge James Prendergast by an Indian chief 60 years ago ; early 
 settler's cane ; a pair of tongs been in use over a century ; first dinner kettle 
 brought to Jamestown ; pocketbooks brought from Scotland over 125 years 
 ago ; a very old mahogany table imported from France by Captain Norton ; 
 cane made from a deck plank of Perry's flag ship Lawrence; sun dial from 
 Scotland over 125 years old ; an almanac of 1794 ; an old watch brought to 
 Jamestown in 18 10; a cravat, diamond pin and brooch and cue worn by 
 Judge James Prendergast at one of Washington's receptions in New York 
 city ; cherry stand, the first article of furniture manufactured in Jamestown, 
 made for Judge Prendergast by Captain Phineas Palmeter ; portraits of Judge 
 Martin Prendergast, Judge Matthew Prendergast, Judge James Prendergast, 
 Hon. Jediah Prendergast and Hon. John J. Prendergast; infant dress of 
 Alex. T. Prendergast, 65 years old; wedding bonnet 27 years old; old style 
 cap ; old fashioned pocket ; old style bonnets ; Spanish lace veil'wom by 
 Mrs. Judge Prendergast ; log cabin campaign handkerchief and badge. 
 
 From Martin Prendergast — Shawl worn by Mrs. Dr. Wm. Prendergast in 
 1815 ; dress waist worn by Mrs. E. Prendergast before 1805 ; Mrs. Dr. Wm. 
 Prendergast's dress waist made in 181 7; sword and uniform wosn by Col. 
 Wm. Prendergast in the war of 18 12. 
 
 From Mrs. A. Hazeltine — A plate imported for a marriage outfit in 1760 
 by Caleb Hayward, Mrs. Hazeltine's grandfather. From Col. A. F. Allen — 
 
2l8 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 Hand sword taken from the hand of a dead rebel after the battle of Cairo, 
 evidently very old, sent to Col. Allen as a tooth-pick. From unknown par- 
 ties — First seat of the old Pine street school house, where Mr. and Mrs. 
 A. F. Allen first met. From Mrs. Seymour — Tea-cups and saucers of three 
 generations, 1773, 1804 and 1823. Leaf from the cypress tree under which 
 Lord Packenham died, 1830. Punch bowl used at a Congregational church 
 raising in Jaflfrey, N. H., on the day of the battle at Bunker Hill. 
 
 THE GREAT ECLIPSE. 
 
 This remarkable phenomenon occurred in 1806, when there were but few 
 settlers in this county. And of the large number who witnessed it before 
 coming, there are few now living who can give a minute and correct descrip- 
 tion of it. Nor will its like again occur in the United States, during the 
 life-time of the youngest person now living. 
 
 The eclipse was calculated to be total in such parts of New York, New 
 England, Pennsylvania, and Ohio, as were situated between 41 deg. 35 min., 
 and 43 deg. 5 min. north latitude. Gen. Simeon De Witt, of Albany, in 
 giving an account of the eclipse, observed : " Fortunately, on the morning of 
 that day, [June r6th,] the atmosphere was very clear. The eclipse began at 
 9 h. 5 min. t2 sec, a. m. ; the beginning of total obscuration was 11 h. 8 m. 
 6 s. ; the end of total darkness, 11 h. 12 m. 6 s. ; and of the eclipse, 12 h. 
 33 min. 8 s. ; end of total eclipse, 4 m. 5 s." 
 
 At Cooperstown, N. Y., the following description of this sublime phe- 
 nomenon was given : 
 
 " The atmosphere at this place, on Monday last, was serene and pure. The 
 sun was majestically bright, until 50 minutes past g o'clock, a. m., when a 
 little dark spot was visible about forty-five degrees to the right of the zenith. 
 The shade increased until rg minutes past 10, when stars began to appear, 
 and the atmosphere exhibited a gloomy shade. At 12 minutes past 11 
 o'clock, the sun was wholly obscured, exhibiting the appearance of a black 
 globe, or screen, with light behind it, the rays only of which were visible, 
 and which were too feeble to occasion sufficient light to form a shade. Many 
 stars now appeared, although less numerous than are usually seen in clear 
 evenings. TTiere was now " darkness visible " — a sort of blackish, unnatural 
 twilight. The fowls retired to their roosts, and the "doves to their windows." 
 The birds were mute, except the whip-poor-will, whose notes partially cheered 
 the gloom. The dew descended, and nature seemed clad in a sad, somber, 
 and something like a sable livery. 
 
 "At 14 minutes past ii, a little bright point appeared to the left of the 
 sun's nadir, similar to the focus of a glass when refracting the rays of the 
 sun. Sudtienly a segment of the circle of that glorious orb emerged, and 
 seemed to say, ' sit lux,' and was instantly obeyed, ' lux fuit,' as quick as 
 thought A small pin could be discovered on the ground. A more wonderful 
 and pleasing phenomenon can hardly be conceived. The doves left their 
 
THE GREAT ECLIPSE. - 219 
 
 retirement ; the whip-poor-will's melody ceased ; and the face of nature again 
 smiled. But some stars were still visible, and Venus displayed her beauty 
 until 1 2 o'clock. At 40 minutes past 1 2, the sun shone in full splendor, and 
 in turn eclipsed the moon and all other heavenly luminaries by its glorious 
 effulgence." 
 
 Rev. Dr. Nott, President of Union College, in his account of the eclipse, 
 says : 
 
 "At the instant the last ray was intercepted, and the obscuration became 
 total, a tremulous, undulating shadow, a kind of indescribable, alternate 
 prevalence and intermixture of light and shade, struck the earth, and played 
 on its surface, which gave to the most stable objects the semblance of agita- 
 tion. It appeared as though the moon rode unsteadily in her orbit ; and the 
 earth seemed to tremble on its axis. The deception was so complete, that I 
 felt instinctively, and in spite of the instincts of my reason to the contrary, 
 a tottering motion. Some who were present, I observed, took hold of what- 
 ever was near them for support, while others leaned forward, and insensibly 
 flung themselves into an attitude which indicated that they found it difficult 
 to stand. * * * 
 
 " The scenes described at the commencement of the total obscuration 
 reappeared when the first rays of the sun were reappearing ; the same ap- 
 parent agitation of the surface of the earth ; the same apparent struggle 
 between light and darkness; the same separation between light and shade 
 into distinct and alternate arches, and the same motion reversed ; for now 
 the arches of light seemed to crowd those of shade inward ; and the whole 
 movement was from the horizon towards the center, which continued about 
 the same time, and disappeared in the same manner, as above described." 
 
 In the city of New York, a sudden and dismal gloom overspread the face 
 of nature ; the thermometer indicated a fall of the quicksilver 18 degrees, 
 and the atmosphere was sensibly cooler. Not a cloud was to be seen. 
 
220 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 TOWN HISTORIES. 
 
 For convenience of reference and for other purposes, separate historical 
 sketches of the several towns are given, alphabetically arranged. 
 
 In collecting the materials for this history, it was found that many of the 
 present settlers were desirous to know the dates of settlement of their ances- 
 tors and certain other old settlers. But on inquiry it was found, that the 
 oldest remaining settlers differed much in their recollections ; and that their 
 statements were not reliable. It was then concluded to refer to the books of 
 the Holland Land Company, in which is found the precise date of the article 
 of every original purchaser who bought his land on credit. The record of 
 original purchasers by deed prior to the destruction of the land-office at May- 
 ville in 1836, is not to be found, the books having been destroyed. 
 
 But it is to be observed, that the date of contract does not in all cases 
 determine the date of settlement. Some settled on their lands by permission 
 of the agent of the Land Company, a year or two years before their articles 
 were executed, or before the townships were surveyed into lots. And there 
 were others who took their articles a year or two years before they settled on 
 their lands. Hence, the time of settlement of a considerable portion of 
 those whose names are found in the lists, must remain in doubt. A majority 
 of them, however, it is presumed, entered upon their lands as soon as they 
 could erect their cabins and bring on their families. 
 
 ARKWRIGHT. 
 
 Arkwright was formed from Pomfiret and Villenova, April 30, 1829. A 
 part of Pomfret was annexed in 1830. It comprises the territory of township 
 5, range 11, according to EUicott's survey of the Holland Purchase. Its sur- 
 face has been described as an elevated upland, broken and hilly in the south- 
 west, and rolling in the north-east. Its highest summit — near the center — is 
 said to be 1,000 to 1,200 feet above Lake Erie, and is probably the highest 
 land in the county. It is watered chiefly by the tributaries or head waters 
 of the Canadaway creek, which crosses the west line of the town into Pom- 
 fret nearly three miles north from its south-west corner, and the head waters 
 or branches of the Walnut creek, which leaves the town about one mile west 
 of its north-east corner. On its east border is Mud lake, which covers about 
 10 acres. The soil is a clay and gravelly loam. On Canadaway creek, in 
 the south-west part, is a cascade with a perpendicular fall of 2 2 feet. 
 
ARKWRIGHT. 221 
 
 Original Purchases in Township j, Range ii. 
 1807. November, Zattu Gushing, 63 ; [articled to Uriah L. Johnson.] 
 
 1809. June, Benj. Sprague, 56. August, Augustus Bumham, 60. Ed- 
 ward McGregor, 62. September, Oliver Taylor, 55. October, Aaron Wil- 
 cox, 56. November, Nathan Eaton, 64. Benj. Perry, 64. 
 
 1810. January, Horace Clough, 42. May, Augustus Bumham, 56. 
 181 2. March, Robert Cowden, 54. 
 
 1814. October, Moses Tucker, 62. November, Daniel Harris, 53. 
 
 181 5. October, Robert W. Seaver, 37. 
 
 1816. February, Abiram Orton, 55. December, Thaddeus Barnard, 16. 
 
 181 7. March, Robert Cowden, 53. April, Jabez Harrington, 39. 
 
 18 1 8. March, Silas Matteson, 8. 
 
 1821. July, Isaiah Martin, 3. October, Bela Kingsley, 13. Hiram 
 Kinsley, 13. 
 
 1822. March, Simeon Smith, Jr., 39. Caleb Weaver, Jr., 39. April, 
 David Weaver, 31. John Weaver, 32. Bethnel Harvey, 12. Oct., Ashbel 
 Scott, 10. Nov., Asahel Bumham, 26, 27. Moses and Aaron Luce, 18. 
 
 1823. July, Sylvester Gould, 42. August, Stephen Chase, 2. Novem- 
 ber, Orestes Thatcher, 18. 
 
 1824. September, Simeon Clinton, 21. October, Benjamin White, 28. 
 Arna Wood, 51. 
 
 1825. Sept., Shephen Chase, 2d, 9. Oct., Ellsworth Griswold, 25. 
 
 1826. January, Andrus M. Huyck, 16. July, Wm. F. Peebles, Jr., 33. 
 October, Zephaniah Briggs, 42. Abijah Mason, 8. 
 
 1828. January, Benjamin Perry, 47. 
 
 The first settlement in Arkwright, according to the State Gazetteer, was 
 made in the north-west part of the town in 1807, by Abiram Orton, Benjamin 
 Perry and Augustus Bumham, from the eastern part of the state. From the 
 Holland Company's land-office books it appears, that the lands of these set- 
 tlers were not articled until 1809. They were, however, probably contracted 
 for and settled in the year first mentioned. Aaron Wilcox is said to have 
 settled in 1809, and Nathan Eaton in 1810, though the articles of both are 
 dated in 1809. Uriah L. Johnson, Benjamin Sprague, and Jonathan 
 Sprague, are said to have settled at the center of the town in 181 1. Johnson 
 and B. Sprague first bought, and, it is believed, occupied, lands in the north- 
 west part of the town, but afterwards, probably in 18 11, settled permanently 
 near the center. 
 
 Abiram Orton came from Oneida county, and settled in the north-west 
 part of the town, probably on lot 64, near Pomfret. He was for several years 
 an associate judge of the county. He was twice married, and died in 1837, 
 having had no children. His widow resides on the fann. Aaron Wilcox, a 
 native of Conn., removed with his family from Madison Co., N. Y., to Chau- 
 tauqua, 1809 ; and, after a year's residence at Fredonia, settled in the town 
 of Arkwright, on lot 56, which he bought in October, 1809, and on which he 
 resided until his death, in 1833. His children were William, Azariah, 
 Betsey, Oliver C, Lydia G., Ursula, Thomas R., and Harvey R. 
 
 Nathan Eaton, also probably from Oneida or Madison county, bought on 
 lot 64. A daughter of his married Asahel Bumham, whose son Asahel 
 
222 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 resides at Sinclairville ; and another son, Eaton, lives in Arkwright. Benj. 
 Perry, before mentioned, was a lieutenant in the war of 1812 ; afterwards a 
 colonel of the militia. Of his three sons, George W. resides in Ripley. 
 
 Daniel Saunders was an early settler on lot 56, though he was not an 
 original purchaser ; he still resides there. He had no sons, but 6 daughters : 
 Lois Ann, wife of Marshal Parsons ; Mariett, wife of Silas Matteson, of Dun- 
 kirk; Clarissa, unmarried; Jane, wife of Morgan Rice; Amarett, wife of L. 
 Courtney Baldwin ; and Hope, unmarried. Robert Cowden settled on lot 
 54, articled in 1812. A son, Alia, lives in Harbor Creek, Pa. ; Levi, on the 
 homestead. Moses Tucker settled on lot 62, bought in 1814. His son 
 Chauncey was a lawyer in Fredonia, since at Buffalo, and is deceased. 
 
 Alia and Zebina Willson, and Robert Cowden, who married their sister, 
 came from Madison Co., and settled in 18 11, on lots 53 and 54^ and their 
 father, Reuben Willson, about 181 7, settled near them. He had thirteen 
 children, all of whom are dead except Adine, who lives on a part of his 
 father's homestead, and Mrs. Cowden, who resides with her son, Levi Cow- 
 den, on the old homestead where they first settled. 
 
 In the south-east part of the town, James Black, from Wayne county, at 
 the age of 19 or 20, bought a part of lot 10, adjoining a piece previously 
 taken up by Wm. Scott. Each built a cabin* in the usual pioneer style ; the 
 doors being made of a board brought by Mr. Scott two miles on his back. 
 They married two sisters, daughters of Elder Dibble. They were surround- 
 ed by forest, infested with wolves and bears, sometimes approaching too near 
 their cabins for the safety of their children when out at play. By persevering 
 industry they have secured to themselves good farms and an ample com- 
 petence. James T. Black, a son of James, is married, and lives on a farm 
 adjoining his father's. Charles S., another son, lives at home with his 
 parents. Mr. Scott died in 1866, leaving a daughter and two sons : Warren, 
 who resides in the east part of the town, and David, who lately lived on the 
 homestead. 
 
 Isaiah Martin, from Broome Co., settled first in the south part of the 
 county, at an early day. He soon removed to Pomfret, and commenced the 
 erection of a cotton factory on the Canadaway creek, near where Scotrs 
 tavern now is, but gave up the enterprise, and bought in 1821, in the south- 
 east part of this town, in the wilderness ; built a cabin and cleared a farm ; 
 built a good house, and for many years kept a tavern and a store, with 
 asheries. He had seven sons, none remaining in the town, except George 
 W., who resides on the old place. 
 
 The first dirt/i in this town is said- to have been that of Horatio N. John- 
 son, son of Uriah L. Johnson, May 11, 181 1; the first marriage, that of 
 Asahel Bumham and Luania Eaton, May 11, 1815 ; and the first death, that 
 of Augustus Burnham, in 1813. [A marriage is thought by some to have 
 occurred earlier than 1815.] 
 
 The first school, says the Gazetteer, was taught by Lucy Dewey, near the 
 center, in the summer of 1813. A reliable old settler is confident that a 
 
ARKWRIGHT. 223 
 
 school was taught by Horace Clough in the winter of 1811-12 ; and that the 
 same school was taught by Parthenia Baldwin in the summer of 181 2. 
 
 The first imi was kept by Simeon Clinton, in 181 7, at the center, so called, 
 though about a mile north of the geographical center; subsequently kept by 
 J. Bartholomew, who also kept a post-office ; both of which have been discon- 
 tinued there. Aaron Town's inn and Arkwright post-office are kept about 
 2 miles south-east from the former place. 
 
 The first saw mill was built in 18 18, by Abiram Ortott and Benjamin 
 Perry, on Orton's land, near the town line, near the north-west corner of the 
 town, on a small branch of the Canadaway creek. A saw-mill and an oil- 
 mill on Walnut creek, in the north-east part of the town, was owned by 
 Andrus M. Huyck, and perhaps built by him. It came into the hands of 
 Edward B. Kingsley, who has kept a saw-mill in operation there until the 
 present time. Two other saw-mills, one or two miles above, on the same 
 stream, are yet standing, one of which, at least, is kept running a part of the 
 time. Asahel Burnham pretty early built a saw-mill in the south part of the 
 
 town. A mill is still run there by Thayer. Another built by S. A. 
 
 Stoddard, half a mile above, has been discontinued. A mill was also built 
 by Joel White, south of the center; no longer in use. K steam saw-mill 
 built by Marvin Snow, at the old center, five or six years since, was removed 
 by him, a year or two ago, a few rods down the stream, and rebuilt. Ezra 
 Scott built a steam saw-mill, three or four years ago, which is still in 
 operation. A grist mill, the only one, it is believed, built in this town, was 
 near the west line of the town of Pomfret. Scarce a trace of it remains. 
 
 An oil-mill was built in the abbey by Wm. Mason and Leonard Love, 
 about thirty-five years ago. It soon passed into the hands of Andrus M. 
 Huyck, who ran it successfully for a number of years. 
 
 In the soutli. part of the town, Horace Clough settled on lot 42, bought in 
 1810. He married Polly Crouch (?), and had 2 sons, Horace P. and Mellin 
 H, who reside in Pennsylvania. He married, second, Parthena Baldwin, 
 by whom he had 3 sons, Barclay and Luther, in California, and Casper, 
 deceased ; and 4 daughters, Esther, Lucy, Mariett, and Helen, the last 
 deceased. [Mr. Clough, it is said, subsequendy removed, and settled near 
 the north line, in or near the town of Sheridan.] 
 
 Jesse Reed, from Windsor Co., Vt., came with his wife to Arkwright, and 
 settled on lot 43, cutting his way three miles through the woods. His cabin 
 was one of the rudest of the rude ; and his pioneer experience was of the 
 rougher kind. He had 2 children : Euphame, who is married, and went to 
 Michigan ; and Stephen W., married, and lives on the homestead. 
 
 In the south-east part of the town, David Abbey settled early on lot 3, 
 where he still resides, with his son, Chauncey. His sons were James P., 
 Chauncey, and David. James P. resides on lot 12, where he has resided 
 many years. Chauncey is an extensive and a successful farmer ; and he has, 
 for many years, been an extensive dealer in cattle. He has acquired an 
 ample fortune. He was elected eight times to the office of supervisor. 
 
224 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 Leonard Sessions, from Broome county, came to Arkwright in 1828, and 
 settled on lot 4, where he now resides. A son, Holland, is on the farm ; 
 Henry, in VUlenova, whose son Lawrence is a merchant at Hamlet. He 
 
 h?d 4 daughters : Esther, Cordelia, J , and Lydia, deceased. None of 
 
 them reside in town. 
 
 In the north-east part of the town, Silas Matteson settled on lot 8, bought 
 March, 1818. A son, SUas, is a detective at Dunkirk. Harvey Baldwin 
 settled on a part of the same lot, about 1834, whence he removed, in 1872, 
 to Sheridan Center. He had several children, of whom two sons only are 
 living : Albert, who removed to the West ; and Horace, who lives with his 
 father in Sheridan. 
 
 Bela Kingsley, from Onondaga Co., in the spring of 1822, settled on lot 
 13. He opened a road for his team of two yoke of oxen, and built a log 
 cabin, and covered it with hollowed basswood logs, leaving a hole for the 
 escape of the smoke. He had a wife and several sons, Edward, the oldest, 
 being about r4 years old. Though far from an inhabitant, they were not 
 long at a time alone. Almost every night, their cabin floor of split logs was 
 covered with weary travelers looking for lands. Mr. Kingsley soon enlarged 
 his house with similar material. Three years after, he built a small frame 
 house and commenced innkeeping. On the 4th of July, the young people, 
 with ox-teams, on foot, and otherwise, collected there for an " Independence 
 ball," the house having but one room. He kept tavern, cleared and cultiva- 
 ted his farm, and enjoyed his home, until the New York & Erie Railroad 
 was run through it. He then sold out, and removed to Laona, where he 
 soon died. Edward B. remained in the town, purchased a place in the 
 " Abbey," near Mr. Huyck's, where he still resides, having been to\vTi collec- 
 tor 5 years, clerk i year, justice 4 years, and assessor 13 years. He was 
 about 15 years of age when he came in with his father, and soon began to 
 assist in chopping and clearing. This labor he continued until he had be- 
 come a professional chopper. About the time he became of age, he chopped 
 thirteen months continuously. The day after he reached his majority, he 
 commenced chopping for himself; and in just two weeks, (12 working days,) 
 he chopped 3 acres, the timber all in good order for logging. His common 
 average was an acre in four days. He also gained notoriety as a marksman. 
 More bears than one that had fled for safety to the highest branches of a tall 
 tree, he brought down dead with a musket ball, after others had fired repeat- 
 edly without effect. 
 
 He relates the following bear story : Two young men, [Perley and Hiram 
 KinsTey,] settled on a part of the lot [13] on which Bela Kingsley settled, and 
 about^ the same time. They kept " bachelor's hall." Perley, returning from 
 a tramp one afternoon through the woods, espied a bear and two cubs playing 
 in the road a few rods before him. He seized a club, and got near them 
 before they discovered him. The cubs fled and ascended a large hemlock 
 Jto the top ; the old bear ran into a swamp, out of sight. He hallooed, and 
 ffeljought to his assistance a man from the other side of the swamp, who kept 
 
/ 
 
 ; • f 
 
 ^ ^cllc^ M'n^ 
 
KWRIGHT. \ 225 
 
 watch until Perley had rallied the Heighbois, who came with dogs ana mvis- 
 . kets, Edward B. Kingsley, then about i§ years old, among ftem. Some ha^"^ 
 fired when he arrived, the two young b^rs still sitting undisturbed in the top 
 of the tree. Kingsley charged his musket, aj^, at the first fire, brought onie < 
 bear down, dead. While he was re-loadinjBthers were firing, but, as be- 
 fore, without effect. '^Re fired agafti, and brofight the other cub down, 
 wounded, but not dead. The dogs, ho#ever, soon dispatched him j and the 
 boy went home the hero of the day. '' ' W ^ 
 
 In the easi part of the town, Aaron Town, from Genesee Co., settled in 
 1826 on lot 12, and subsequently purchased the tavern stand at the Summit, 
 "which he kept for many years, and which is now kept by his son Oliver M. 
 He has raised 5 sons and 3 daughters, all living and having families. Martin 
 H., the second son, resides at the Summit; is a justice of the peace^j^Myhich 
 office he has held for nearly four fiiH- teniSsij fed has been postmaster fopf 
 eighteen years, to the pi^ent time. Benjamin Jones, in 1832, settled tem- 
 porarily on lot 23, and went thence to the center of the town, where he re- 
 sides with his daughters. He was a justice of the peace 1 2 years, and town 
 clerk nearly 21 years. 
 
 At the first town meeting, held in the house of Simeon Clinton, May 2, 
 1830, the following named officers were chosen : 
 
 Supervisor- — William Wilcox. Town C/b-A-r-Aa^pn -Foster. Assessors — 
 Andnis M. Huyck, pairiel Harrington, \^if^^^^txy\ Gpmmissioners, of 
 Highways — Isaac ITiompson, Jod White," ^1AiJ8i>n Viii "Vliet.' Collector — 
 Daniel Weaver.- Overseers of the Poor — Silas Ma^ Charles Crawford. Com- 
 missioners of Schools-^— Isaac Bumpus, Ira Whife,' IjCwis K Danforth. In- 
 spectors of Schools — Andrus M. Huyck, Tiniofliy Cole, James Sprague. 
 Constables — Edw. B. Kingsley, David; Weaver.' JtisSies (^ the Feace-^lsaac 
 Bumpus, John G. Cuttis, LeWis E.Dafjforth. "^ .' ; - 
 Supervisors from, 18 30 to^'t^jgi. " 
 
 William Wilcox, 1830 to 1,836, and 1844 to *^2^^ years. Levi Bald- 
 win, 1837 to 1840, '42, '53, '54, '57 — 8 years. Lie^^^^Miforth, 1841, '43. 
 Chauncey Abbey, 1855, '56, '58, '59, and 1862 tcrS§^-8 years. John C. 
 Griswold, i860, '61, '(i&, '68. . Delos J. Rider, 1867. Oscar H^, fltoUck,^ 
 i86g. L. Courtney Baldwin, 1870. Leander S. Phelps, 1871, '72. George 
 W. Briggs, 1873, '7^ '75. 
 
 B10GRAPHICAL AND Genealogical 
 Levi Baldwin, son of Isaac and Parthena Baldwin, was' bom in Pawlet,. 
 Vt., Jan. 26, 1802. He came with his father to Sheridan in 1812, and 
 resided there until after his marriage". . He was marded Oct 23, 1831, to 
 Eliza Ann Putnam, and settled iii ArkWrighjfjbn lot 55, near where he npw 
 resides. His wife died Nov. 10, yf^Z- Ete ^aarried for a second wife Mrs. 
 Eleanor B. Phelps, March 26, i8fi6. He h^ held the office of supprvisor 8- . 
 years, and been a justice of the peace fof Several terms, add town superin- 
 tendent of schools ; and has held various other offices^ the duties of all of 
 
226 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 which he has discharged faithfully and to the satisfaction of his fellow-citi- 
 zens. He had three children by his first wife, all sons., i. Oliver T., who 
 went to California in his twentieth year, where he married Nancy Wright, and 
 settled finally in San Francisco^ where he now resides. 2. Z. Courtney, who 
 married Amoret Saunders, and 'settled on the south part of lot 55, adjoining 
 his father's, where he now resides. 3. Orville £>., who married Eglantine 
 Dawley, and is a druggist in Fredonia. 
 
 Simeon Clinton, born in Saratoga Co., Feb. 3, 1779, removed from 
 Otsego Co. to Arkwright, near the center, on lot 37, in 18 13. He attained to 
 considerable prominence, and took an active part in getting the town set off. 
 He was a surveyor. About 50 years ago, he is said to have made the first 
 survey and plot of the village of Dunkirk, and afterward of Sinclairville. He 
 kept the first tavern in town. He was the first postmaster, and held the 
 office for 20 years ; and was town clerk and justice for a number of years. 
 He was killed by lightning while in the act of closing a stable door. A son 
 of Mr. C. was prostrated by the stroke, but soon recovered. The house also 
 was struck, but without much damage. He had a son and 5 daughters, the 
 three youngest being triplets i only one of them living, who is the wife of 
 Milton Cole, of this town, whose son, Charles Cole, is the present town 
 clerk, [Feb., 1875.] Mr. Clinton was nearly 80 years of age. 
 
 Samuel Davis, from Madison Co., came to Chautauqua Co. as teamster 
 for Zattu Cushing, in February, 1805, and was one of the number coming 
 from Buffalo on the ice, who narrowly escaped being drowned by the break- 
 ing away of the ice, as related by O. W. Johnson, Esq., in his " Memoir of 
 Judge Zattu Cushing." [See Historical Sketch of Pomfret.] After their ar- 
 rival at Fredonia, Davis took a job of clearing ten acres for Cushing, for the 
 performance of which he received the lot of land where Linus Sage now lives. 
 He built a small log house, and the next spring brought in his family. 
 
 Andrus M. Huyck settled early on lot 16, bought in 1826. In the 
 spring of 1827, he built a log house, into which he moved his family, consist- 
 ing of a wife and two sons, Shadrach and Oscar. There was no settler near 
 him; but so rapidly did new settlers come in, that they put up a small log 
 school-house in season for a school the next winter ; and in a few years a 
 commodious frame house was erected. The school prospered, and took the 
 name of the " Abbey School." It became quite a popular institution, having 
 fiimished many good and successful teachers. Mr. Ht^ck was himself a 
 successful teacher, and exerted a favorable inftuence in the cause of education, 
 as well as in the community and in the church. He was for several years a 
 commissioner or inspector of schools, and for two or three terms a justice of 
 the peace. Mr. Huyck Xia^ 4 sons, Shadrach, Oscar H., Elijah and Avery ; 
 and 2 daughters, Tamar-' and. Hester; all of whom have families — three 
 living in the Abbey dbtrict, and three in the West. Oscar H. is a justice, 
 having held the office several terms ; and has served one term as supervisor. 
 Avery, the youngest son, now living with his father, was for three years in 
 the Union army, and in several battles, without receiving personal injury. 
 
'rvrt^ 
 
BUSTI. 227 
 
 William Wilcox, son of Aaron, elsewhere mentioned, was bom in Sims- 
 bury, Conn., May i, 1790. He came with his father to this county in 1809, 
 and subsequently purchased a part of lot 48, on the north line of the town. 
 He was married, in 18 17, to Esther S. Cole, who came from Vermont in 
 1815. He felled the first tree on his land, which he improved and occupied 
 57 years. As a citizen, he enjoyed the esteem and confidence of the com- 
 munity. He was elected, in 1830, the first year after the formation of the 
 town, as its supervisor, and held the office by reelection until 1836, and from 
 1844 to 1852 — in all, for 16 years. He was also a member of assembly, in 
 1837, with Alvin Plumb and Calvin Rumsey. [Family sketch not received 
 in season for insertion here.] 
 
 Methodist Episcopal Church. — A class was formed in the " Abbey," by 
 Elder David Preston, in June, r830. It consisted of 8 members : Ira 
 and Elizabeth Richardson, John Franklin, Reuben and Fanny Howe, Caleb 
 Weaver, John Lafferty, and Isaac Bumpus." Of those who joined soon after, 
 were : Andrus M. Huyck, Wright Lewis, Hiram Lewis, Wm. McClanathan, 
 R. McClanathan, Caleb Weaver, and probably the wives of some of them. 
 A portion of its members were from the adjacent towns of Sheridan, Han- 
 over, and Arkwright. Mr. Huyck has been a class leader most of the time 
 since its organization. The class increased to the number of 60 the first 
 year. Although it has continued to prosper, no church edifice has been 
 built ; meetings having been generally held in the district school-house, the 
 present house having been, in its construction, designed partly for that 
 purpose. 
 
 A Christian Church was formed in the south-west part of the town ; but 
 the date of its organization has not been ascertained. 
 
 BUSTI. 
 
 BusTi, named from Paul Busti, general agent of the Holland Land Com- 
 pany, was formed from EUicott and Harmony, April 16, 1823. It comprises 
 the west half of township i , range 1 1 , excepting the four north lots which 
 were in 1845 annexed to Ellicott ; and three-fourths, or six tiers of lots, firom 
 tp. I, r. 12 ; together with that portion of tp. 2 lying south of the lake, and 
 between Ellicott and Harmony. It contains an area of 29,152 acres, or 
 about 45^ square miles. It is drained by several small streams which flow 
 into the lake, and by the branches of the Stillwater, which passes through 
 Kiantone into the Connewango. 
 
 Original Purchases in Township r, Range 12. 
 
 1810. April, Samuel Griffith, 4. May, Tho. Bemus, r2. December, 
 Jonas Lamphear, 48. 
 
 181 1. March, Wm. Matteson, Jr., 40, [Ellicott.] May, Jedediah Chapin, 
 4. Palmer Phillips, 11. October, Nathaniel Fanner, 15. 
 
228 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 1 812. February, Joseph Phillips, 11. March, Anthony Fenner, 6. 
 Thomas Fenner, Jr., 15. April, Theron Plumb, 7. August, Barnabas Well- 
 man, Jr., 38. Reuben Landon, 7. 
 
 [814. May, Arba Blodgett, 25. Elisha Devereaux, i. July, Asa Smith, 
 2. October, William Bullock, 17. 
 
 1815. April, Peter Frank, 5, 6. June, Josiah Thompson, 28. Cyrenus 
 Blodgett, 33. Ford Wellman, 47. November, Josiah Palmeter, 15. 
 
 1 816. April, Harris Terry, 63. October, Harris Terry, 47. 
 
 1817. September, Nicholas Sherman, 16. Lyman Crane, 8. 
 
 1818. September, William Gifford. October, Samuel Hart, 8. 
 
 1822. September, Ransom Curtis, 39. November, Peleg Trask, 17. 
 Jared Famam, Jr., 34. 
 
 1823. June, Joseph Taylor, 39. October, Ethan Allen, 45. Silas C. 
 Carpenter, Isaac Foster, 54. 
 
 1824. February, John Badgley, 43. March, Ford Wellman, 54, [Har- 
 mon}'.] July, Elijah B. Burt, 37. October, Barnabas Wellman, 31. No- 
 vember, John Kent, 30. December, Samuel Darling, 35. 
 
 1825. January, John Buck, Jr., 20. February, Xavier Abbott, 10. 
 March, Jairus Buck, 19. June, David Hatch, 7. August, Wm. Nichols, 38. 
 George Martin, 13. 
 
 1826. November, Benjamin A. Slayton, 43. 
 r82 7. September, Alexander Young, 24. 
 
 The State Gazetteer names John L. Frank as the first settler in Busti, on 
 lot 61, 1810, and Lawrence Frank as settling the same year on lot 62 ; and 
 Heman Bush and John Frank, from Herkimer county, and Theron Plumb, 
 from Mass., on lot 60, in 18 £i. The land records, however, show as pur- 
 chasers, Russell Dyer, of lot 47, tp. i, r. 11, and James Slade and Hezekiah 
 Seymour, of lot 38 — all as early as September, 1808 ; and Laban Case, of 
 lot 36, in June, 1809. Aaron Martin purchased lot 44, in April, 1810 ; 
 Lawrence Frank, lots 62 and 63, and Heman Bush 60, in 181 1. The only 
 other Frank who appears on the Company's books as an original purchaser 
 in range 11, is John Frank, Jr., who bought a part of 61, and who, in' his 
 own handwriting, states that he came to Busti, Feb. i, 181 2 ; that his 
 brother Nicholas came in 181 6, and that his brother Stephen left Busti in 
 1817, and died at Fort Pekin, Tennessee, on the Mississippi river, on his 
 return from New Orleans; his family then residing near Vincennes, Ind. 
 John L. Frank, yet living, [1874,] and other early settlers, concur in the fact 
 of his having settled in Busti in 1811. Hence there is some doubt as to who 
 was the first settler in Busti, and as to the date or year of his settlement. 
 [See sketches of Frank families.] 
 
 In the south-east part of the town, Wm. Steams settled on lot 35, which, 
 after his death, was owned by his son, John R.,who also is dead. It is now 
 owned by John Barlow. James Davidson, a son-in-law of Wm. Steams, is on 
 land adjoining, on the south. Timothy Tuttle was an early settler on lot 50 ; 
 the farm now owned by his son Edwin. Wm. Northrop and his sons Joseph, 
 John and William, from England, settled south of Busti Comers, on lot 57, 
 on which the father and two of the sons, Joseph and John reside. William, 
 Jr., owns a farm on lot 58, and lives at the Comers. 
 
BUSTI. 229 
 
 In the north part of the town Xjmg in township 2, range 12, Gideon 
 Gifford early bought parts of lots i and 2, where he resided till his death, 
 March 19, 1856. His sons, Walter C, Matthew C., and Daniel, inherited 
 the estate. Matthew is not living. Uriah Bentley settled, in 1810, onlot 16. 
 [See Biographical and Genealogical Sketches.] Daniel Shearman settled on 
 16, and died on the farm on which he first settled. [See Family Sketch.] 
 George Stoneman settled early on lot 16, and held for several years the office 
 of justice of the peace. He had sons : George, a graduate of the military 
 academy at West Point, and a general in the regular U. S. army, who was 
 in actual service in the late war ; Richard, dead ; Byron ; and one in the 
 West. Jeremiah Giflford, a cousin of Gideon Gifford, from Washington Co., 
 settled on lot 23, where now his son John lives. Other sons, William and 
 Henry, reside at Mayville ; Horace, son of William, lives at Jamestown. 
 Abraham Sherman settled on lot 23. His sons, Abraham and Merritt, reside 
 on the farm. A. Phelps, an early settler on lot 41, died at Ashville. Thomp- 
 son Cowan was an early settler on lot 8, where Charles Douglas lives. He 
 died leaving six sons, John, Charles, Samuel, Ransom J., Fortes, and James, 
 all of whom reside in Busti. Samuel Smiley, on lot 16, where his son Madi- 
 son lives. He had a large family. Of his sons, William, John and Samuel 
 reside in town. 
 
 In the north-east part of the town, range 11, Zadoc Root settled on lot 47, 
 and lived there until his death. He had sons, Zadoc and Philander, both 
 deceased, and William, who resides on lot 55. Ephraim Wilcox settled early 
 on lot 63, on which he still resides. Of his sons, Francis S. lives in Elli- 
 cott ; Amos P., on the homestead ; Leander and Abraham, at Busti Comers. 
 Solomon Hastings settled early on lot 38. A son is with him on the farm ; 
 a daughter is the wife of Dr. A. Ward, of Jamestown. Harlo Mitchell set- 
 tled on lot 45, near where he now resides. David Boyd, where his son 
 Martin lately resided. Aaron Martin settled on lot 44, where he died, and 
 where his grandson Lorenzo lives. He had sons : Capt. William, in Kian- 
 tone ; George, who settled on lot 13, r. J2; was a justice of the peace for 
 two or three terms. He had several daughters, none now residing in town. 
 
 In the vicinity of Busti Corners, Heman Bush, from Litchfield, N. Y., 
 came to Busti in June, r8i2, having previously, [1810,] bought a part of lot 
 60; April, 181 1, lot 61, on which he settled; and in October, 18 12, lot 59. 
 He kept a tavern, and conducted a store and an ashery for many years, and 
 died. May, 1839, aged 62. His widow, whose maiden name was Abigail 
 Frost, died in 1872, aged about 90. His sons were Heman C., Selden F., 
 Hiram, Solon, Solomon, and Stephen. Heman, Solomon, and Stephen 
 removed to California ; Hiram died in Busti ; Selden is in Iowa ; and Solon 
 at Busti Corners. A daughter married John Campbell, who resides on the 
 farm of her father. They had a son Heman, deceased ; and Woodley, a 
 Baptist missionary in Hindpostan. Aaron Bush settled early on lot 53. 
 He had a large family. Of his sons, Moses, the only one living, resides in 
 Ellicott. Asahel Andrews settled on lot 60, and died there. His sons were : 
 
230 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 Enos, who removed West, and is dead ; D^los, who resides a mile north-east 
 from Busti Comers; Charles, deceased; Merrills, removed West; and 
 George, who lives at Busti Corners. David Hatch early purchased a large 
 tract, and settled on lot 6i. The land is still owned by his heirs. A son, 
 Solomon G., lives in Ellery. Lorenzo Matthews first settled on lot S, tp. i, 
 r. 12; removed to lot 62, r. 11, where he died. His sons were: John, 
 deceased; David, who resides in town ; and Jonathan P., in Kansas. Hen- 
 drick Matteson settled on lot 62, r. 11, and died in Herkimer county. A 
 son, Albert, resides in Sugar Grove ; and Philo and Monroe reside in Busti. 
 His widow lives with Philo. 
 
 In the north part of township I, Stephen A. Douglas was an early settler 
 on lot 15, where he now resides. His sons are : Stephen, deceased ; Charles ; 
 Silas, a lawyer in Buffalo ; Lathan, on the farm with his father. James Cale, 
 from Sugar Grove, in 1817 or 1818, resided on lot 7, and in other places, and 
 died in town. His sons, Jesse, James, and Harry, reside in town ; and 
 Stephen, in Penn. Amariah Carrier, on lot 15, and died in Erie Co., N. Y. 
 His sons were : Jesse and David, both dead; Robert is in Iowa ; Henry, dead; 
 Amariah, in Jamestown ; Edwin Douglas now owns the farm. 
 
 In the north part of toumship i, range 12, Jonathan Palmer settled early 
 on lot 8, previously owned by Reuben Landon. Whitman and Amos, twin 
 sons, reside in town ; Whitman on the home farm. Jonathan, the eldest son, 
 and Henry, are dead ; and Denison lives in Pennsylvania. Nicholas Sher- 
 man settled on lot 16, where he died. His sons, Winslow and Daniel, reside 
 in town; the latter on the homestead. Alexander Young, in 1826, on lot 24, 
 where he died. His sons were : James, deceased ; Jonathan, who resides in 
 EUicott ; and Ira, on the farm owned by his father. Obed G. Chase on lot 
 24 ; removed a few years ago to the Corners, where he now resides. He has 
 2 daughters : Elizabeth, wife of John Hatch, of Portland ; and Adelia, wife 
 of Charles Moore, of Jamestown. Joseph Sherman, on lot 32 ; the land 
 previously owned by John Deming. He died on the farm, which is owned 
 by his son Joseph Sherman. Benj. Cook came to Busti, in 183 1, on lot 40, 
 where he died. He was the father of Judge Orsell Cook, of Jamestown, who 
 is the present owner of the farm. Jonas Lamphear on lot 48, bought in 
 1810 ; the land now owned by John Boomer, previously owned by John 
 Kent, son-in-law of Lamphear. John Stow was an early settler on lot 17, 
 
 where Broughton W. Green resides. Wemple came early on lot 47, where 
 
 now his sons Peter C. and Rial C. reside. Wm. Nichols settled on lot 38, 
 bought in 1825, where he still resides; had 2 sons: Lyman, deceased; and 
 Levant, who is with his father on the farm. Barnabas Wellman, a native of 
 Conn., moved with his family to Busti in i8ri, and settled in the north-west 
 part of the town, on lot 38. He had 5 sons : James, Homer, Barnabas, 
 Ford, and Leander C, who settled in the neighborhood ; all of whom died 
 leaving families. Homer had 4 sons : Homer H. ; Orrin O., who died in 
 Busti ; Dewitt C. ; and Ardillo, who lives at Ashville. 
 
 In the south part of the town, Daniel Hazeltine settled early on lot 3, the 
 
BUSTI. 231 
 
 land since owned by S. & W. Gates, now by Horton White. His sons were : 
 Abner, Laban, Daniel, Abraham, Edwin, Pardon, and Hardin. Laban, 
 
 Daniel, and Abraham died at Jamestown ; Pardon in . Ezra, a son of 
 
 Edwin, resides in Warren, Penn. Asa Smith settled on lot 2, which he 
 bought in 18 14. His sons were: Ammi, who resides in Penn.; Albert M., 
 deceased ; Aaron J., Jasper, Lewelljoi J., and Edgar, in Busti. Clark 
 Smith, a brother of Asa, came in 1816, and settled on lot 2. His wife was 
 Rhoda Allen. His sons were : Oliver, Ransom J., Ezra, Sheldon, Harvey A., 
 deceased; and Julius C, hardware merchant and postmaster at Busti. Of 
 the others, only Ransom resides in town. John Broadhead on lot 18. He 
 was a Methodist preacher. He removed to the West, and after a few years 
 returned, and lives with his son-in-law, Nathan Breed. His sons are : Jabez, 
 Fletcher, Jonathan, and James ; the last only resides in Busti ; the others 
 gone west. Hiram E. Knapp settled on the farm originally bought by Palmer 
 Phillips, lot II. He has two sons, Edwin and Lafayette. John Gill, on lot 
 3, and died on the farm on which Mark Jones resides. Gill has a son, Giles 
 T., in the West. Levi Jones on lot 12, where he died. A son, Edward, 
 lives in EUicott. Zenas K. Fox, on lot 11, where he still lives. He has 3 
 sons : Almon, a Congregational minister, in the West ; Alfred, who resides 
 on a part of his father's farm, a Methodist preacher ; and Albion, in Ten- 
 nessee. 
 
 In the south-west part of township i, Arthur P. Nichols settled on lot 44, 
 where he now lives. He has a number of sons, some of whom reside in the 
 town. Hiram L. Barton, about 1823, on lot 34, where he died. His sons 
 are : Livingston, on the old farm ; Allen, near the same ; De Warren, not in 
 Busti. W. Seabury settled early on lot 33, where he died, and where his 
 sons Pliny and Newell reside. Jeremiah Woodin, on the north part of lot 
 41; died in Harmony. His sons were : Abraham, who died in Mich.; Isaac, 
 who resides in Ellicott ; Samuel P. and Hiram J., both of whom died in 
 Busti ; and John P., who lives in Indianapolis, Ind. Arba Blodgett settled 
 on lot 25, bought in 1814, and died on the farm, leaving two sons, Loren, 
 now in Washington, D. C; and William, who died in Sugar Grove. Cyrenus 
 Blodgett, in 1815, bought on lot 33, and settled on 25 ; removed to Sugar 
 Grove, where he died. He had 2 sons : Alanson, a physician in Penn.; and 
 Alden, who died at Sugar Grove. Wm. Bullock, in 1814, purchased on lot 
 14. His wife is a sister of Palmer Phillips. They had four sons : Irvin, not 
 in the town ; Alvin, in town ; Arba, in Sugar Grove ; Chester, in Meadville. 
 The father served in the war of 18 12, and is a pensioner. A daughter is 
 the wife of David Albro. 
 
 In the west part of the town, Jesse Foster early resided where his son 
 Jacob now lives, and died on lot 29, where his widow resides. 
 
 In the central -gaiX. of the town, Nehemiah Mead settled on lot 21, where 
 he died many years ago. He had 4 sons : William, who removed to Minn.; 
 Ira G., and Thompson G., on the homestead ; and Francis, in Minn. Joseph 
 Ayres, on lot 30 ; was a justice of the peace. His sons are: Charles ; Alfred; 
 
232 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 Conway, who served in the late war, as lieutenant and captain of the gth 
 cavalry, and was killed ; and Sereno, now in New York. William Robbins 
 was an early purchaser on lot 29, where he died, and where his youngest son 
 Orrin resides. Other sons, John and Ira, live in town. David Palmeter, 
 on lot 14, in 1814. Sons : Orlando, in Ohio ; Dewitt C, dead ; Preston, in 
 Union, Penn.; Josiah, in Ohio. The father is dead. Josiah Palmeter, on 
 the same lot in 1811 ; was a justice, and lives in Minn. A son, Theron, is 
 also in Miim; Washington, in Ellicott. 
 
 A tannery was built by John Frank in 181 2. The first vats were troughs 
 made of logs. It was burned, and rebuilt, and continued until about ten or 
 twelve years ago. No other tannery, it is believed, was ever in this town. 
 
 A last factory was established by Mr. Frank, which was destroyed by fire, 
 and not rel^uilt. A trip-hammer was built by Giles Chipman and Lyman 
 Fargo, and continued several years. 
 
 Uriah Hawks, a little later, built a chair and spinning-wheel factory at the 
 same place, which also was discontinued, on account of the difficulty in main- 
 taining dams on the stream. 
 
 The first blacksmith in town is said to have been Patrick Camel, at the tan- 
 nery. Next, Chipman Sc Fargo commenced business near Camel's, and after- 
 wards removed their business 60 rods south, and added to it the manufacture 
 of edge tools with a trip-hammer. Present blacksmiths are Walter Stevens 
 and Wm. Howe. 
 
 The first store at the Comers was kept by Van Velzer, about 1830. The 
 next, by Ransom L. Blackmer ; and next by Valentine C. Clark & Co. 
 Present merchants — Adelbert P. Simmons, Exiwin Davis & Co., and Andrew 
 F. Husband & Co. Grocers — Martin F. Flagg & Co. Hardware — Julius 
 C. Smith. Boot and shoe-makers — Michael C. Frank, Davis Frank, Frank- 
 lin Hosford. Carriage-makers — Wm. Jones, Eli Whiting, Wm. Peckham. 
 Early carriage-makers were Giles T. Gill and Haskell. 
 
 Stephen J. Brown, probably the first physician who settled at Busti, came 
 about the year 1837, and practiced there about 20 years. Before his death 
 Dr. Beimett came and practiced a few years. Dr. Martin came in 18 — , and 
 is the present physician. Since he came, Drs. Alex. Boyd and John Lord 
 were here several years. 
 
 The first saw-mill at the Comers was built by Heman Bush, where a mill 
 is now owned by Alonzo C. Pickard. A clock factory was built at the same 
 place about 1830, by Samuel Chappell and James Sartwell, who continued 
 the manufacture for several years. After its discontinuance, a grist-mill was 
 built on the same site by Heman Bush ; and another afterwards by Francis 
 Soule. Both are now owned by Alonzo C. Pickard and Mark Jones. A 
 saw-mill was built near the south line of the town, by Elisha Devereaux, 
 where a mill is still in operation, on Stillwater creek. Another was built 
 near the east line of the town, by Samuel Hall, on the farm now owned by 
 his son John A. Hall. Another was built by George Stoneman, at the lake, 
 where a mill is still mnning. Orrin Stoddard erected a steam saw-mill at the 
 
(Jl. 
 
 >-/<v^^ J '4 c^-Sr(jLyy 
 
 n 
 
BUSTI. 233 
 
 Comers about 15 years ago, which is now owned by Reuben Green. A 
 planing-mill was attached, but soon discontinued ; and a basket-factory and a 
 shingle machine have taken its place. 
 
 The first town meeting was held at the house of Heman Bush, Tuesday, 
 March 2, 1824, and the following named persons were elected town officers : 
 
 Supervisor — Daniel Shearman. Town Clerk — Emory Davis. Assessors — 
 David Hatch, Homer Wellman, Samuel Garfield. Commissioners of High- 
 ways — Thomas Danforth, David Boyd, John Deming. Overseers of the 
 Poor — Heman Bush, John Gill. Commissioners of Schools — David Hatch, 
 Daniel Shearman, Clark Smith. 
 
 Names of Supervisors from 1824 to 1875. 
 Daniel Shearman, 1824 to '28, and 1833 — 6 years. Emri Davis, 1829 to 
 '32, and '34, '35, '40, '47 — 8 years. Pardon Hazeltine, 1836 to '39 — 4 years. 
 Henry C. Shearman, 1841, '42, '44, '45. Lorenzo Matthews, 1843, '48, '49, 
 '5°; '53- Stephen J. Brown, 1846. Theron Palmeter, 1851, '52, '54. John 
 B. Babcock, 1855. Emri Davis, Jr., 1856 to '58, and '61, '62 — 5 years. 
 John A. Hall, 1859, '60, '71. John R. Robertson, 1861, '63, '64, '68 — ^4 
 years. Elias H. Jenner, 1865, '72. Wm. B. Martin, 1866, '67. Harmon 
 G. Mitchell. 1869, '70. Alonzo C. Pickard, 1873, '74, '75. 
 
 Biographical and Genealogical. 
 
 Uriah Bentley, from Rensselaer county, came to Chautauqua county in 
 May, 1810, and settled on lot 9, township 2, range 12, now in the north part 
 of the town of Busti. He cleared a small piece of land, which he planted 
 with potatoes, and buUt a small house after the common pioneer pattern. 
 In the ensuing fall he returned for his family, and moved to his new home 
 with a horse team, by way of Mayville, where he arrived the last day of No- 
 vember, 1 8 10. There being no road on the west side of the lake, he 
 shipped his family and goods down the lake in a long canoe, reaching his 
 home at midnight. Uriah Bentley was a son of Caleb Bentley, and was bom 
 in Berlin, Rensselaer Co., June 21, 1779, and was married, December 28, 
 1800, to Nancy Sweet, who was bom May 7, 1779. Of Mr. Bentley it is 
 perhaps sufficient to say, that he passed through the common experience of 
 the industrious pioneer, and, like most of the early settlers, reared a goodly 
 number of worthy sons and daughters. They were : i. Nancy, who mar- 
 ried, first, Nicholas Frank, who died in the South, while on a lumbering tour, 
 soon after marriage ; second, Dan Higley. They have several children, and 
 reside in Iowa. 2. Polly, wife of Charles W. Sammis, who died in 1849. 
 She resides in Polo, 111., and has 8 children. 3. Uriah S., who married 
 Almira Daniels, and is deceased. She married, second, Clark Sweet, and 
 resides in Harmony. 4. Sidy I £., wife of Isaac Noble ; she had a daughter, 
 Minerva, and is deceased. Mr. N. has a second wife, and lives at Fluvanna. 
 5. Hiram, who died at about 60, unmarried. 6. Simeon G., who married 
 Alice, daughter of Gideon Gifford, and has no children. 7. Alexander, 
 who married Lavantia Norton, resides at Fluvanna, and has 4 sons : Sardius ; 
 
234 HISTORV OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 Gustavns A., who married Sarah WilUams; Charles M., and Uriah. 8. Gus- 
 tavus A,, who married CorneUa, daughter of John Steward, Sr., and had 
 two daughters: Marian, who died at 17, and Frances C, wife of John S. 
 Briggs, of Russelburg, Pa., and a son, Fred A. 9. Ulrica C, wife of 
 Theron E. Palnieter, Clear Lake, Cerro Gordo Co., la. ; has three children. 
 10. il/i>z^rwa, who married Alfred W. Steward, and is deceased; he resides 
 in Clymer. 
 
 Asa Bly, from Vermont to Otsego Co., N. Y. ; removed thence to 
 Chautauqua Co., in 18 — , And bought on lot 47, tp. 2, r. 12, the land on 
 which his sons Myron and Theron settled ; the former in 1809, the latter in 
 18 10. Myron moved down the Ohio river, and died in Kentucky ; and his 
 family returned. His son Myron, Jr., now resides in Ashville. 
 
 Theron Ely, son of Asa Bly, was born in Bennington, Vt., July 31, 1786, 
 and removed, in 1810, from Otsego Co., N. Y., to Harmony, on lot 47, near 
 the lake. He married, in 1805, Phebe Bemus. His children were : Theron 
 S. ; Harvey, who married Julia Ann Stoneman ; Desire, wife of Henry Love- 
 joy ; Henry Harrison, who lives on the homestead ; Sally, deceased ; Perry, 
 who married Esther Lovejoy, and served in the late war, and was killed in 
 the battle of the Wilderness ; and William, who died at about 1 7. Theron 
 Bly was a member of assembly in the year 1832, associated with Dr. Squire 
 White, of Fredonia. He died in March, 1850, aged nearly 64 years. 
 , Theron S. Bly, son of Theron Bly, was born in Edmeston, Otsego Co., 
 Jan 29, 1806, and came, when 4 years old, with his father to Harmony. In 
 1830, at the age of 24, he was elected a justice of the peace, and reelected 
 for a second term of 4 years. He was for many years engaged in the mer- 
 cantile, milling and grain business, at Ashville. He was county clerk from 
 Jan., 1859, for a full term of three years. In 1862, he removed to James- 
 town, where he has been a justice of the peace from 1864 to the present 
 time ; having served in that office in both towns for about 20 years. He 
 was married, in 1830, to Mary Bly, of Madison Co., who died in March, 
 1850. His children were : i. ^«ri7/a _/., wife of Dr. Marvin Bemus, who re- 
 moved to Wisconsin, enlisted in the late war, and, on his way to the army, 
 was killed by a raib-oad accident near Chicago. 2. Mary E., wife of Edson 
 E. Boyd, a physician at Ashville, 3. Cordelia, who married Dwight Snow ; 
 they reside at Cohoes, Albany Co. 4. Ellen, deceased. 5. Webster W., 
 who is married, and lives at Cohoes. In 1854, Mr. Bly married for a second 
 wife, Sarah A. Carpenter, who is still living. 
 
 Dea. Richard Butler, a native of Wethersfield, Conn., removed from 
 Hamilton, N. Y., to Ellicott, now comer of Busti, with his sons Solomon and 
 Harlow, and purchased the farms of Wm. Deland and John Numan, on 
 which farms the three families settled. All united with the Congregational 
 church, of which the father was chosen a deacon. He died in June, 1839, 
 aged 78. His widow died at the old homestead, March, 1852. 
 
 Emri Davis, bom in Wardsborough, Vt., Oct. 20, 1794, came to Ellicott 
 with his brother Ebenezer, July 3, i8iz. They were traveling from Vermont 
 
BUSTI. 235 
 
 on foot ; and between Buffalo and Cattaraugus creek, they he^rd of the 
 declaration of war against Great Britain. There was a general alarm. Many 
 fled with their families to the East, having sold their crops and improvements 
 for little more than enough to pay the expenses of their removal. Timid 
 ones generally believed the Indians would soon murder those who remained. 
 Emri Davis married Amy, daughter of Joseph Akin, and soon after settled 
 in the Frank settlement, now Busti. He was eight times elected supervisor 
 of the town. He had 3 sons : Lafayette, Emri, and Adams, the last of whom 
 removed to Crawford Co., Pa. All had families. Emri Davis died Jan. 23, 
 i860, aged 68. 
 
 Frank Families. — Henry Frank and his brother Christopher emigrated 
 from Germany to America before the " old French war.'' They landed at 
 Philadelphia, and remained in the state of Pennsylvania for a number of 
 years, and removed to this state, and settled on the Mohawk river, at Frank- 
 fort, Herkimer Co. Henry Frank's sons were Henry, Lawrence, and Jacob, 
 who was killed in the Revolutionary war. His daughters were Eve, Mary 
 and Margaret. Eve and Mary were twins ; the former became the wife of 
 John Frank, Sr., of another Frank family noticed on a succeeding page; the 
 latter, the wife of the father of John Myers, an early settler in Carroll. The 
 wife and children of Henry Frank were captured by the Indians, in the time 
 of the French war. In an account of their captivity, John Frank, a son of 
 John Frank, Sr., says, in substance, as follows : His mother, at the age of ten 
 years, was taken by the Indians, and kept among them three years ; and her 
 twin sister, John Myers' mother, was taken at the same time, and was kept 
 a year longer, as she had the small-pox when her sister was exchanged for. 
 And he says, his mother's mother, five daughters, and a son eighteen mon^s 
 old, were taken to near Montreal — all at the same time. The mother had 
 to ca'rry the boy and keep up with the rest, or have him tomahawked. [The 
 above account leaves us without information respecting the term of the 
 captivity and the release of the mother and the children, other than the twin 
 sisters.] 
 
 Lawrence Frank, son of Henry Frank, above mentioned, was born in 
 Frankfort, Oct., 1749. In 1777, he was taken prisoner by the Indians and 
 tories, carried to Quebec, and kept in captivity 3 years and 3 months. He 
 was married in Frankfort to Mary Myers, who was bom in Germany, in 1753, 
 and came, when young, with her parents to Frankfort. Lawrence Frank died 
 in Busti, April 13, 1813; his widow, Dec, 1831. Their children were : 
 Lawrence, Jr., Margaret, Elizabeth, Peter, Henry L., John L., Michael, 
 Joseph, and Matthew. Lawrence, Jr., died in Herkimer Co.; Margaret, 
 wife of Stephen Frank, died in Ohio ; Elizabeth never came to this county; 
 Peter died in Ohio. Henry L. married Margaret Damoot and moved to 
 Kirtland, Ohio, where both died. 
 
 John L. Frank, son of Lawrence, Sr., was born at Frankfort, Nov. 29, 
 1786, and was married to Lucretia Chapman. In 181 1, he removed to 
 Busti, on lot d2, tp. i, r. 11, and subsequently to lot 6, r. 12, where Mrs. 
 
236 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 Frank died, March 14, 1874. Mr. F. lately died at Busti Comers. He 
 had 14 children, of whom 4 daughters died in infancy. The others were : 
 I. Michael C., who married Sally Sherwin, whose children were John S., 
 Harriet E., Mary Jane, Matthew, Alice, Electa, and Addie. 2. Almira, the 
 wife of Ransom Burrows; both deceased. 3. Charles, who married Mary 
 Woodin, and has 3 sons: Warren A., George D., and John J. 4. Alonzo, 
 who married Jane Woodin, and lives at Blockville. His children are Levant 
 C, Harriet M., Jane, Opheha. 5. Mary Jane, who married Jacob Cham- 
 bers ; and is dead. He resides at Pine Grove, Pa. 6. Harriet M., who 
 married Denison Palmer, and is dead. He lives in Pennsylvania. 7. Lorenzo, 
 who married Melissa Hames, and whose children are West, Sidney, and 
 Clara. 8. Davis, who married, first, Alvira Brown, second, Elizabeth 
 Brown, and whose children are Theodore, George, D wight, Laverne, Duane, 
 DeEtta, and Earl. 9. Marietta, who married Samuel Smith, whose children 
 are Levant and Frank. 10. Ariel, who married Margaret Steward, and has 
 two sons, Emmet and Fred. 
 
 Joseph Frank, son of Lawrence, was born Oct. 3, 1796, and came with 
 his parents to Busti in 1811. He was a volunteer in the war of 1812, and 
 killed in the Buffalo battle, Dec. 31, 181 3. He was shot through the head, 
 and scalped by the Indians ; and his body was buried in a common grave 
 with other killed, and never brought home. He was unmarried. 
 
 Stephen Frank emigrated from Germany to this country about the mid- 
 dle of the last century, with his son John Frank, then about 7 years old. 
 The place of his first settlement is not ascertained ; but it is supposed to 
 have been in Pennsylvania. John, the son, was married to Eve Frank, whose 
 father was also from Germany, and settled in that state. It is not known 
 that this Frank family was akin to Henry Frank and his descendants, or that 
 there was any connection prior to the marriage just mentioned. All of 
 them, however, removed to Frankfort from Pennsylvania before the Revolu- 
 tionary war. 
 
 John Frank, Sr., son of Stephen, above mentioned, was born in Ger- 
 many about the year 1743, and settled at Frankfort, Herkimer Co., N. Y., 
 f'where he was married to Eve Frank, and whence he removed to Busti in 
 181 1, where he died, Nov. 5, 1833. He, with Lawrence, son of Henry 
 Frank, before mentioned, and two girls. Eve and Mary Frank, of the Stephen 
 Frank family, were captured, in the " old French war,'' by the French and 
 Indians, on the Mohawk, and taken as prisoners to Canada, where they were 
 kept several years among the Indians before they were ransomed. John 
 Frank was again taken prisoner in the Revojutionary war. At Oneida lake, 
 the first night after his capture, he escapecE&om his captors, and by the aid 
 of friendly Indians among the Oneidas, safely reached his home at German 
 Flats. In 181 7, Stephen, son of John Frank, Sr., with his family and his 
 parents, and his mother's maiden sister, moved down the Ohio river, and 
 stopped at Gallipolis, Ohio, where the father, John Frank, Sr., died. The 
 others proceeded to Columbus, Ind., where the maiden aunt died. Stephen, 
 
eJLcy^<}^ 27?-rt^>^. 
 
BUSTI. 237 
 
 with two of his sons, went with a flat bottomed boat and produce to New 
 Orleans ; and on his return he died on the Mississippi, and was buried on 
 the shore. His brother, John Frank, Jr., went to Indiana and brought his 
 mother back,, who died at his house some years after, at an advanced age. 
 His mother's maiden sister, on her return from her captivity among the In- 
 dians, had forgotten her mother tongue, and was taken from the Indians 
 against her will, having been kept from her relatives, and forgotten them. 
 The Franks suffered much from the Indians on the Mohawk. 
 
 John Frank had three sons : i. Stephen, who married Margaret, daughter 
 of Lawrence Frank the elder. Their children were : Nicholas, Matthew, Polly, 
 wife of Jacob Loy, Stephen Denus, Hiram, Eye, Solomon, Elizabeth, and 
 Jacob and Joseph, twins ; the last three of whom were bom after the removal 
 of the family south. 2. Nicholas, who married Thankful Landon, and had 5 
 children : William, Andrew, Stephen, David and Mary. William was mar- 
 ried, first, to Ursula Bushnell, whose children were : Darius ; Emma, wife of 
 Sylvester Abbott ; and Nicholas, who died at 1 7. He married, second, 
 Christiana Diefendorf, and had by her a son, John D., now on the homestead 
 of his father. Andrew was a shoemaker and tanner, having served under his 
 uncle, John, Jr. He was twice married ; first, to Sibyl Ames, who had a son, 
 Whitney, a daughter, Mrs. Fisher, of Randolph, and one or more dead ; 
 married, second, the widow of Pearl Johnson, and removed to Wisconsin, 
 where he died. Stephen married Amanda Watkins, and after her death, a 
 second wife, moved west, and died there. David married, first, Laura Ben- 
 nett, and after her death, her sister. His widow and family are in Minnesota. 
 Mary Ann married, first, Samuel Bowdish; second, John Ellsworth, and 
 has several children living. 3. John, Jr., the third son of John, Sr., married 
 Elizabeth Diefendorf, of German Flats, N. Y., and removed to Frank's set- 
 tlement, Feb., 1812. His children were : Abram, John D., who died at 14, 
 Margaret, Harriet, Perry, Christiana, and Elizabeth, all bom here. Abraham 
 married Fidelia Dexter, and had 3 children, Dwight, Gertrude, and Augusta. 
 Margaret married Darius M. Davis, whose children are : Adelaide, wife of 
 Frank Bartlett ; Harriet, wife of Abraham Hazeltine, cashier of the Savings 
 Bank, Warren, Pa.; Albert, who married Bell Porter, and lives in Warren ; 
 Hila, who married Ella Stoddard, and is in Warren ; Walter, and Dora, both 
 unmarried. Perry, son of John, Jr., resides in Iowa ; Christiana married 
 Francis Kidder, Jamestown, and has a daughter, Ada. Elizabeth married 
 Wm. Hicks, and is not living. All of the children of John Frank, Jr., were 
 in the settlement in 1859. 
 
 Michael Frank, son of Lawrence Frank, was bom at Frankfort, Herki- 
 mer Co., Dec. 18, 1788, and removed to Busti in 1811, and settled on lot 
 63, tp. I, r. II, where he died May 9, 1869. He was married in Frankfort 
 to Elizabeth Steward,'and had 10 children : i. Steward, who married Polly 
 A. Edmunds, and had 5 children who attained to majority : Lucy A., who 
 married Galusha M. Davis, and is deceased, leaving two children ; Elizabeth 
 M., who married Charles Ellis, and died in Pennsylvania, and left 4 children; 
 
238 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 he resides in Michigan ; Mary, who became second wife of Galusha M. 
 Davis, and has two children ; Joanna and Martha J., both unmarried. 2. 
 Stephen, who married Abigail Hewitt in Mich., where they reside ; they have 
 6 children. 3. Lewis, who married Sophrona Perkins. He i^ deceased ; 
 she lives in Broome Co. 4. Lucy Ann, who died in infancy. 5. Horace, 
 who married Adelia Stevens, and has a son and 3 daughters. They live on 
 the old homestead. 6. Eunice, who married, first, Sylvester Babcock, and 
 had two daughters, both married. After the death of Mr. Babcock she mar- 
 ried Miles Lewis, of Harmony, and has two daughters. 7. Jason M., who 
 married Maria Palmer, and lives in Sugar Grove, Pa., and has 2 children 
 living. 8. John N., who married, first, Aurilla A. Palmeter, and had 3 
 daughters; second, Mrs. Cynthia Homer. They live in Jamestown. 9. 
 Emeline, wife of James D. Stearns, now of Jamestown. Their children living 
 are: Frank, who married Maria Pierce, and lives with his father; and Ella M. 
 James D. Stearns served three years in the late war, in a company of sharp- 
 shooters, and was in the battles of Suffolk, Va., Mine Run, in the Wilderness 
 campaign, etc. lo: Elizabeth Mercy, unmarried, residing in Jamestown. 
 
 Joseph Garfield was born in Worcester Co., Mass., April 17, 1780; 
 removed with his father to Stratton, Vt.; and in r8o3 was married to Lydia 
 Steams. In 1816, he settled in Pine Grove, Pa.; and about 1820 in Busti, 
 lot 39, where his son Joseph resides. His father, Eliakim, was a soldier of 
 the Revolution. His son Joseph was a captain in the war of 1812; and 
 served two terras as justice of the peace in Busti. He was an early member 
 of the Congregational church, and was such at the time of his death, Dec. 9, 
 1862. Mrs. G. died Sept. 15, 1852. Their children were : i. Hannah, v/\it 
 of Richard Killer, of Carroll, where she died. They had 10 children, of 
 whom Jediah, John, Martha Jane, Eliza, Cynthia, Alexander, and Nicholas 
 are living : all reside in Carroll. 2. Eliakim, who married Priscilla Root, 
 and has 6 children, Horace, Richard, Otis, Sarah, Mary, Jennie : all in the 
 county but Mary. 3. Anna, wife of Horace Bacon, both deceased. Their 
 children are: Mary Ann, OUve, Hannah, Joseph, Lydia, in Pa., and Priscilla. 
 4. 'Samuel, in Carroll, who married, successively, Susan Eastman, Elizabeth 
 Emery, and another. Children by the first wife, Anna and Susan ; by the 
 second, Morris Russell, Lydia and Lucy. 5. Lydia, wife of Martin Grout, 
 of Poland (?). Children living are : William, James, Martin, Lucy, and 
 Lydia. 6. Joseph, who married Lucy Ann Palmer, and lives in Kiantone. 
 Children : Martin, Eliakim, Samuel, and Joseph. 
 
 Aaron Martin, a native of Dutchess Co., settled, in 1813, in the east 
 part of Busti, on lot 44, tp. i, r. 11, on Stillwater creek. He was a tanner, 
 and commenced tanning on a small scale, but soon relinquished it, and at- 
 tended exclusively to farming. His tannery was the first in the south part 
 of the county, except that of John A. Pierce, at Fluvanna, which also was 
 abandoned in a few years. His children were : Wilham ; Isaac, who was in 
 the war of 1812, and died in Tennessee ; George, who was a justice in Kian- 
 tone; James, who removed to Kentucky; Maria, and Jane. 
 
BUSTI. 239 
 
 Palmer Phillips settled on lot 11, tp. i, r. iz, which he bought in 1811. 
 He was a prominent citizen. He was elected, in i8i6, supervisor of Har- 
 mony, then including Busti, and held the oflBce by reelection until the town of 
 Busti was formed, in 1823, and including that year. He was the leader of 
 the first Methodist class formed within the limits of the town. It was formed 
 by Elder John Lewis ; and its original members were Palmer Phillips and 
 Asa Smith, and their wives, John Whittam, and Joseph and Daniel Phillips 
 sons of Palmer. Daniel became a preacher, and died at Sug&r Grove, Pa., 
 in 1851. 
 
 Levi Pier came from Oxford, N. Y., to Busti, in 1814, and bought on 
 lot — , r. II. After the death of his wife, which occurred about two years 
 after, he returned to Chenango Co. ; and after two or three years he came 
 back, and settled permanently, where he remained until his death. He had 
 12 children : Elijah, Lois, Namah, Amasa, Sally, Silas, Abraham, Reuben, 
 Oliver, Lovisa, Roxa, David. Of these the following came to this county: 
 Sally, who married Aaron Root, who settled in Busti ; Reuben, who married 
 Margaret Acker, Harmony ; Oliver, who married Betsey Carpenter, and lives 
 at Corry; Lovisa, wife of Horace Blanchar, both deceased; Roxa, wife of 
 Wm. Martin, of Kiantone ; and David, who married Esther Pierce, both 
 deceased. Mr. Levi Pier died in March, 1826. 
 
 Abraham Pier, son of Levi Pier, was bom in Great Barrington, Mass., 
 April 30, 1789. He came from Oxford, N. Y., to Busti, and purchased the 
 land in 181 2, where he now resides, ij^ m. south-west from Jamestown. In 
 March, 18 14, he moved with his father's family from Oxford. A year or 
 two after their arrival, Mrs. Levi Pier died ; and Mr. Pier returned to 
 Chenango ; and after two or three years he came back and settled here per- 
 manently one mile west from Abraham's, where he died. Abraham Pier was 
 married to Olive Marsh, Dec. 17, 1815, and had by her 5 children, of whom 
 only two survived the period of infancy : Elvira, wife of Dr. Sherman Gar- 
 field, who died on his way to the South for the benefit of his health ; and 
 Lovisa E., wife of Elias H. Jenner, who resides with his father-in-law, in the 
 same house, but owning and occupying an adjoining farm. After the death 
 of his first wife, Abraham Pier married Mary Ann Simmons, his present wife. 
 
 Theron Plumb, a native of Berkshire Co., Mass., is said to have settled, 
 in the winter of 1811-12, on lot 60, tp. 'i, r. 11, then in the town of Ellicott, 
 which, however, was not formed until June following. He appears as an 
 original ■pwTcha.seT only as purchasing lot 7, tp. i, r. 12, which was never in 
 Ellicott. He must, however, have settled in Ellicott, as he was early a 
 prominent citizen of that town, having been elected to many offices in it, and 
 was in 1815 appointed, by the council of appointment, a justice of the peace, 
 and held the office for several years, and was an efficient magistrate. He re- 
 moved to Ohio in 1820, where he buried his wife in 1835. He returned to 
 Busti in 1839. Late in life he removed to Iowa, where he died. 
 
 JuDSON Southland was bom in Mendon, Mass., April i, 1793. His 
 father, born in New Jersey, was an iron forger by trade, and soon after his 
 
240 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 marriage enlisted in the Revolutionary war, and was at the battles of Bunker 
 Hill, Monmouth, and several others. Judson was the youngest of nine 
 children. In 18 18, he, with others, started from Massachusetts, and arrived 
 at Mayville the ist day of March, having made the journey by sleighing. He 
 taught school during the summer, and returned in the fall on horseback, 
 making the journey in three weeks. In May, 18 19, he married Rhoda For- 
 bush, of Grafton, Mass. ; and in the ensuing fall they removed to Chautauqua 
 Co., with a three-horse team, and, after a tedious, journey of five weeks, arrived 
 at Jamestown, and made a short stop with Elisha Allen, then keeping a hotel 
 at the south-east comer of Main and Third streets. In the spring of 1820, 
 he built a plank house on the top of what was called English Hill, 2 y^ miles 
 from Jamestown, and conveyed his wife, one child, and a hired girl, on an 
 ox-sled, through the woods, by marked trees, to their new home. In 1825, 
 he moved to Jamestown, where he kept the Allen House one year. He then 
 built a house on the north-west comer of Fourth and Pine streets, where F. A. 
 Fuller now resides. He served nine years as deputy sheriff under sheriffs 
 Daniel Sherman, Benj. Douglass, and Wm. Sexton, and as sheriff from Jan. 
 I, 1838, for the full term of three years. In 1841, he purchased the farm 
 where he now resides, on the lake road in Busti. His wife died in Galena, 
 111., Sept. I, 1853. In 1856, he married Martha P. Holbrook, of Grafton, 
 Mass. Mr. Southland had 7 children — all bom at Jamestown : 1 . Caroline 
 M., who married Rev. Asahel Chapin ; residing now in Vinton, Iowa. They 
 have four sons : Judson S., Asahel, Edward S., and William Fisk. 2. Silas 
 E., who married Caroline E. R. Aldrich, of Mendon, Mass. ; residing now 
 in Busti. 3. William J., who married Marian E. Hastings, of Jamestown, 
 and died in Busti, Dec. 28, 1853. Widow and one daughter reside in Kent, 
 Ohio. 4. Jonathan F., who married Jane E. Barnes in Grafton, Mass. ; re- 
 side in Ellicott. They have two sons, Martin Henry and Charles William. 
 5. John Clark, who died in infancy. 6. Edward H., who married Caroline E. 
 Randolph, of Panama ; reside now in Jamestown. 7. Caroline M., who mar- 
 ried J. T. Stoneman, of Busti ; have one daughter, Carrie, and reside in Iowa. 
 Ira C. Stoddard, bom at Brattleboro', Vt., was married to Charlotte 
 Joy, and removed with his family, in 1819, to Eden, Erie Co., N. Y., where 
 he was pastor of the Baptist church 12 years. He -subsequently ministered 
 to the church of Busti 4 years; to thfe church at Ripley 5 years; and to the 
 church at Mayville i year. After closing his pastoral labors, he returned to 
 Busti, where he has since resided. Of his 9 children, all but one attained 
 maturity: Jacob; Ira J.; Ansel; Charlotte, [deceased,] wife of George An- 
 drews; Mary Elizabeth, wife of Perry Frank, Iowa ; Lucy V., wife of James 
 H. Wood, Frewsburgh; Orlando J., and Hiram D. Jacob served in the late 
 war. Hiram enlisted during the late war, and was in the battles of Malvern 
 Hill, Fair Oaks, Gettysburg, in the Wilderness, etc., and was taken prisoner 
 and confined in Libby prison. Ira J. went as a missionary to Hindoostan 
 in 1847; and, after 9 years' labor there, returned. After three years he went 
 to the same field; returned to America in 1873 ; and now resides in Iowa. 
 
W.,^^^^^r;?^,eJ^^^^^.<^fe^^^^t?^. 
 
CARROLL. 241 
 
 Stephen Wilcox, Sr., born in R. I., August 8, 1762, was a soldier in the 
 Revolution, moved to this county in 1815, and his family, with Ephraim, in 
 18 16, and settled on lot 65, tp. i, r. 11, where his son Ephraim still resides. 
 He died in 1846, aged 84 years. His wife died in 1849, aged 85. Their 
 children w^ere: Stephen; Eunice, wife of John Steward, Sr.; Ephraim; Abel; 
 Lury, wife of Edward Akin; Alfred, and Roxana, wife of Adin RusseU. 
 Stephen, Jr., bought, in 181 2, a part of lot 55, tp. i, r. 11, and is said to 
 have come to Busti with Cyrus Fish in 1813. 
 
 The Baptist Church of Busti was organized August 30, 18 19, by a council 
 consisting of Elders Ebenezer Smith, Paul Davis, and Jonathan Wilson. 
 Members uniting at the time of the organization, were Daniel Sartwell, 
 Enoch Alden, Ebenezer Davis, Benjamin Covel ; and, it is believed, Henry 
 L. Frank, John L. Frank, John Frank, Jr., and Elijah Devereaux, also were 
 first members. A few days after, William Frank and Mary Ann Shepard 
 were admitted. The first church edifice was erected in 1836 ; the present 
 one in 1853. The first pastor was Rev. Paul Davis. 
 
 The Methodist Episcopal Church of Busti Corners was organized in 18 19, 
 with sixty members, by Rev. Alvin Burgess, the first pastor. The church 
 edifice was built the same year. 
 
 CARROLL. 
 
 Carroll was formed from EUicott in 1825. It was named in honor of 
 Charles Carroll of Carrollton, Md., one of the signers of the declaration of 
 independence. Kiantone was taken off in 1853. Its surface is. broken and 
 hilly in the north-east and east parts, and rolling in the south and south-west. 
 The highest summits are said to be about 900 feet above Lake Erie. The 
 soil is a clay loam in the north and east, and a gravelly loam in the south 
 and west parts. The Connewango creek, the principal stream, enters the 
 town on its north line, on lot 48, about 2)^ miles east of the north-west 
 comer, and, taking a winding, south-westerly course, makes a small curve 
 into Kiantone ; then, after meandering southward along the west line of the 
 town, leaves the township line, and thence, running in an easterly and a 
 south-easterly direction, forms the town boundary between Carroll and Kian- 
 tone to the Pennsylvania line. Frewsburgh, a post village in the north-west 
 part, contained, in 1870, a population of 379. Fenton\alle, in the south-west 
 comer of the town, has a post-office and a population of 82. 
 
 Original Purchases in Township i, Range 10. 
 
 1808. July, Joel Tyler, 51. George Sloan, 59; [now Kiantone.] 
 
 1809. March, Samuel Anderson, 57; [now Kiantone.] June, Charles. 
 Boyles, 42. Isaac Walton, 41. 
 
 1 8 10. March, George W. Fenton, 52. 
 16 
 
242 HISTORV OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 i8ii. October, Matthew Turner, 53. November, Ebenezer Cheney, 54. 
 Matthew Turner, 54. 
 
 181 2. January, John Frew, 61. 
 
 181 3. September, Robert Russell, 57; [lot now in Kiantone.] Decem- 
 ber, Amasa Littlefield, 36. 
 
 1814. March, Ebenezer Cheney, 36. May, Ebenezer Cheney, 46,47, 
 54, 55. Ebenezer Davis, 37. Benj. Jones, 23, 28. Levi Jones, 24, 28. 
 Elijah Braley, 43. Horatio Dix, 28. July, James Hall, 54. September, 
 Aaron Forbes, 64. November, Robert Russell, 57 ; [now in Kiantone.] 
 
 1815. March, Josiah H. Wheeler, 46. Wheeler and Hall, 32, 40. Wm. 
 Sears, 31. 
 
 1816. May, Jonathan Covell, 43. Eli Fames, 38. 
 
 1817. May, Benjamin Russell, 30. 
 
 1 8 18. May, Aaron Forbes, 64. November, Levi Jones, 23. 
 
 1819. January, Josiah H. Wheeler, 39. 
 
 1820. June, John Frew, 62. 
 
 1821. November, John Myers, [lot not given.] 
 
 1822. September, Isaac Eames, 39. 
 
 1823. October, James Hall, 15. 
 
 1824. January, John and James Frew, 20. Feb., John Myers, 20. April, 
 John Frew, 27. Sept., Daniel Wheeler, 27. Oct., Truman Comstock, 31. 
 
 1826. May, Hiram Covey, 14. James Covey, 14. Jonah R. Covey, 14. 
 June, Taylor Aldrich, 28. 
 
 1827. June, Wm. Haines, 26. John F. Bragg, 48. October, Robert 
 Russell, 49. 
 
 A correct and reliable sketch of the earliest settlement in Carroll is not 
 easily obtained. The State Gazetteer says Joseph Akin, from Rensselaer Co., 
 was the first settler in town, located on lot 29, in Jan., r8o7 ; and gives the 
 names of several other early settlers in that town, none of whom ever resided 
 therein ; but settled on and near Stillwater creek in the town of Kiantone. 
 The County Gazetteer and Directory of 1873 substantially adopts the mistake ; 
 and, in its sketch of Kiantone, gives the names of the same persons as first 
 settlers of that town also. And accuracy is the more difficult from the fact, 
 that the names of the first settlers and dates of purchase do not appear on 
 the Company's book. Judge Foote says : " From 1798, [when the range and 
 township lines were run,] to 1807, no further surveys were made in Ellicott ; 
 [meaning the four townships embraced in that town when formed.] During 
 this interval, a few persons settled on lands not yet surveyed into lots." 
 
 It is presumed that the earliest settler within the present bounds of Carroll 
 was one of the three who took up their lands in 1809. They were : Isaac 
 Walton, lot 41, June 29, and Joel Tyler and Charles Boyles, July 28. Tyler 
 is known to have been on his land a month or longer, prior to the date of his 
 article. Geo. W. Fenton came the next year ; and John Frew, early in 1812. 
 
 John Russell, residing on the Mahoning, in Pennsylvania, in the neighbor- 
 hood of the Frew family, came out to Connewango in 1800, to explore the 
 country in Western Pennsylvania. He located a lot of land, and returned 
 with a good report of the country about Connewango, by which many were 
 induced to emigrate with him. Russell being a carpenter, he made a boat 
 
CARROLL. 243 
 
 in two parts, which could be put together and taken apart at pleasure. It 
 was calculated for a light draught of water, to go up the Susquehanna, Sine- 
 mahoning, etc., to take the goods of the emigrating company, comprising 
 John Russell and his family, including his sons Robert, John, and Thomas, 
 Mr. Hood, Lapsley, John Bar, Hunter, and others. Also David and James 
 Brown, [John came afterwards,] young men and single, from Belfast, Ireland. 
 Hugh Frew and his sons started with the company. Frew and Russell had 
 each a yoke of oxen and some cows. The journey up the streams, with the 
 teams through the woods, was slow and tedious. They came up the Sine- 
 mahoning, and across portage, with boat, to drift wood, and took the boat 
 apart, and brought it on wagon wheels to canoe place on Allegany river ; put 
 the boat together again, calked and pitched it, and came down the Allegany 
 to the Connewango, and up that stream to a little above where Russellburg 
 now is ; thence to " Beech Woods," so called, now Sugar Grove. Hugh 
 Marsh, from New Jersey, Robert Miles, father of Frederic, Robert, and John, 
 and Stephen Ross, father of Benjamin, had got in befpre them. At Warren 
 there was no building- except the Holland Land Company's store-house, in 
 which resided a family who had charge of the Holland Company's stores sent 
 thither to sell to the settlers. Daniel Jackson had a small mill, (the bolt 
 turned by hand,) at the mouth of Winters' or Jackson's run, above Warren. 
 
 When the emigrants arrived at Beech Woods, they had no beds except the 
 ticks, which, for the want of straw, they filled with leaves scraped from the 
 ground. Their clothes were of home-made linen and woolen cloth. They 
 had no money to buy more ; and they had to wear mostly linen and tow, 
 summer and winter, because flax they could raise. The woods abounded 
 with wolves to kill sheep, and bears to kill hogs. Deer were plenty, but the 
 settlers had no guns. After a while, they procured guns and supplied them- 
 selves with venison. The Indians, who hunted in the fall and winter, would 
 sell venison and moccasins ; but they would take in payment only silver, 
 salt, or flour, of which the settlers had none to spare. They soon learned to 
 make good moccasins and other articles of clothing. They tanned their deer 
 skins with deer's brains and smoke, as the Indians did. In the winter they 
 found a plenty of bee trees, as the bees would come out in warm, thawing 
 days, and fall upon the snow. They would then mark the trees, and cut 
 them the next summer or fall. The farm in Pennsylvania, on which John 
 Russell settled in 1800, joined the state line. John and his sister Molly, 
 wife of Jesse Northrup, were the only children of John Russell, Sr., living in 
 1866. John Russell died at his old homestead in February, 1818. His 
 widow survived him about 10 years. 
 
 Thomas Russell, son of John, was married to Polly, daughter of Judge 
 Jonathan Thompson, July 12, 1815. They removed to their new mill on 
 Cassadaga creek in August, and lived in a log house. They had 1 1 children, 
 9 of whom were living in 1866. Thomas Russell was born in Ireland in 
 1783, and was about 5 years old when the family came over the ocean. He 
 died in Jamestown, where he was residing, Sept. 11, 1865, aged 82. 
 
244 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 John Owen was a native of Windsor, Conn., and was a soldier in the old 
 French war, and in the war of the Revolution. He came with his family 
 from the Susquehanna river to Warren, Pa., about the year 1806, and up the 
 Connewango in 1808. After several removals, he settled on lot 41, east side 
 of the Connewango, adjoining the state line, where he resided 25 or 30 
 years, and kept a tavern, or house of entertainment, more especially for 
 lumbermen in rafting times, during spring and fall floods, and for travelers 
 on the state road that crossed the Connewango at the state line. He kept 
 also a private ferry for those wishing to cross that stream previously to the 
 building of the bridge. He is said to have been, one of the most keen, 
 joking, story-telling, good-natured men. Many a man has laughed at the old 
 man's stories and jokes till his sides were sore. He had a singular impedi- 
 ment in his speech, a kind of stutter, which seemed to add to the interest 
 and point of his stories and jokes. Many a night, when his floors were 
 covered with weary raftsmen for want of sufficient beds to hold them all, they 
 were kept awake till a late hour by his queer and witty stories. He was a 
 stranger to sickness ; and it might be truly said that he " died of old age." 
 He was with the English army in the attack on Quebec in the old French 
 war, and was a pensioner for services in the American army in the Revolu- 
 tionary war. He died in Carroll, Feb. 6, 1843, aged 107 years, according to 
 the records of Windsor, Conn., his native town. Ira Owen, a son of John 
 Owen, by his third wife, came with his father to Connewango, and settled on 
 land east of his father, where he lived till he left the country. He was with 
 the Chautauqua militia at the Buffalo battle, and had the reputation of a 
 brave soldier, and an excellent marksman. In the presence of a number of 
 his fellow-soldiers, he took deliberate aim with his rifle, and killed a pursuing 
 Indian, while our militia were retreating from Black Rock. -Reuben, the 
 youngest son, lived with his father till his father's death, and continued to 
 live on the old homestead. 
 
 In the vicinity of Frewsburgh, John Myers, from Herkimer Co., settled 
 early on the Connewango, where he kept a hotel, and where he still resides, 
 at an advanced age (?). Of his 8 sons, Peter, the eldest, is not living ; John, 
 Jacob, Robert, Lyman, James, and William, reside in the town ; Charles, in 
 the West. Of the 5 daughters, Betsey, wife of Jacob Sternberg, resides in 
 town ; Mary married George Budlong, removed West, and is deceased ; Re- 
 becca is the wife of James R. Frew, and is not living ; Adaline married 
 Orson Annis, and removed West ; and Jane married William Hunt, and 
 lives in Jamestown. 
 
 Horatio N. Thornton, bom in Otsego Co., N. Y., removed with his father 
 to Ripley in 1816. In 1828 he settled in Kiantone, and in 1831 was married 
 to Eunice N. Greene; and removed in 1837 to where he now resides, i m. 
 north-east from Frewsburgh. His children were : Helen R., who married 
 Joseph Bamsdall, and resides at Titusville, Pa.; Harriet B., who married 
 Joseph B. FoUett, and resides at Kansas City, Missouri ; Horatio N., who 
 died in infancy; Rufus G., who died at 23 ; and Horatio K. 
 
CARROLL. 245 
 
 Otis Moore settled early on lot 45, and owned the saw-mill i m. east of 
 Frewsburgh, which he subsequently rebuilt, and which is now owned by his 
 son Otis. His children are : Mahala, wife of Dwight Keet, Fentonville ; 
 Minerva, wife of HoUis Boyd, gone West ; Persis, who married Reuel Jones, 
 Frewsburgh ; Isabel, wife of Asa Tinkcom, Frewsburgh. Sons : E. G., who 
 married Minerva Boyd ; Otis, who married Maria Moore, and lives on the 
 farm of his father ; George, who married Deborah, daughter of W. H. Har- 
 rison Fenton, at Fentonville ; Leverett, married, and lives at Frewsburgh. 
 
 Luther Howard settled in Frewsburgh and purchased where his son Dyer 
 Howard now lives. Another son, Leland, was killed by being thrown from 
 a horse. Mitta is the wife of Geo. W. Fenton, Jr. Sarah was married to 
 James Parker, who died in 1863. Eliza Ann is the wife of David Frew, of 
 Frewsburgh. Maria married Washington Young, and after his death, Charles 
 Howard, who resides in the village. 
 
 In the south part of the town, Edmund White settled early on lot 27, and 
 subsequently removed to Fluvanna. His sons, James, Wesley and Silas, 
 reside in the village ; Warner, in Penn. A daughter, Isabel, married Eli 
 Davis, and lives on the old White place ; Agnes married Rev. Emerson 
 Mills, now of Forestville; Cynthia married Charles Ward, and lives in 
 Frewsburgh ; Elizabeth, wife of Warner Bush, a Methodist preacher, resides 
 in California. 
 
 In the south-west part of the town, Otis Alvord was an early settler at 
 Fentonville, and died there. Francis, a son, is a preacher of the Universal- 
 ist faith ; another son, Frederick, is proprietor of the Weeks House, James- 
 town. Luther Forbish, from Massachusetts, came to Carroll about the year 
 1830, and settled on lot 34, where he resided until his death, in 1863. He 
 had 12 children, 6 sons and 6 daughters. Of the sons, Daniel,. Corydon, 
 Luther A., and Joel, reside in Carroll ; Marion is in Sheffield, Pa. ; Henry- 
 died at about 22. Of the daughters, Eliza Ann is the wife of John H. ^^^lt- 
 sie ; and Mary, wife of Dyer Howard ; both in town ; Lucy and Sarah, mar- 
 ried, are in Iowa ; Melvina, married, is in Warren, Pa. ; Nancy, deceased, 
 was the wife of Samuel Rice. 
 
 Dorastus Johnson, from Cattaraugus Co., about 1845, settled at Fenton- 
 ville, lot 33, where he now resides. He had 6 sons and a daughter. Ira, 
 one of the sons, died in the late war, in the battle 0/ Fredericksburg ; 
 Calvin, another son, served in the war, and died of disease contracted in 
 the army. 
 
 Jacob Adams, from Massachusetts, about 1845, settled on lot 42. His 
 wife was a sister of Luther Forbish. Their sons were : Hiram and Joseph, 
 who live in town ; Cyrus, who died in the late war ; and Ira, who died a few 
 years ago in Carroll. 
 
 In the north part of the town, Moses Taft, from New England, settled in 
 Carroll on Case creek, and was one of a company owning a mill, the lowest 
 erected on that stream. He afterwards removed to Michigan. Case creek 
 derived its name from Case, a pioneer on the east side of the Conne- 
 
246 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 wango, and a brother of Laban Case. He built a shanty, and made a small 
 improvement on the shore of the Connewango; but the agent of the Holland 
 Company refused to seU him the land ; and he was compelled to abandon it. 
 
 Hiram Thayer, from Hampshire Co., Mass., came to Jamestown in 1819, 
 and to this town in 1820. In 1829 he bought a part of lot 39, where he has 
 resided till the present time. He married Mary Eames, and has had 9 
 children : John M., who was married to Margaret Cowen, and resides in 
 Nebraska; Isaac W., to Lucy Cowen; Mary Ann, to Wm. Mahan, and lives 
 in Penn. ; Lois Eliza, who died at 21, unmarried ; Hiram E., who was mar- 
 ried to Mary Lawson, and lives in town ; Sibyl B., to Wm. H. H. Fenton, 
 Jr. ; EUen M., to Emery Davenport, Poland; Orris E., to Emma Markham; 
 and Frank E. 
 
 Veron Eaton, from Vermont, about r823, settled lyi miles north-east 
 from Frewsburgh, where he now resides, at the age of 77. His children 
 were : Judson, who died at about 29 ; Pauline ; Elizabeth, wife of Edwin 
 Curtis, both deceased ; Martha, wife of Ebenezer Thornton ; Mary ; and 
 Sarah, killed by lightning, at the age of 24. 
 
 Dutee Herrington settled early on lot 32, and has long owned a saw-mill 
 on Case's run. Orsino Comstock settled on lot 3r, and died there, leaving 
 two sons : Butler, who has removed to Minn. ; and Philo, whq lives in 
 Frewsburgh. Another son, Asa, * * ». Goodin Staples settled early in 
 the north-east part of the town, on lot 8. His sons, Goodin and Elisha, 
 reside there. John Bragg settled in that part of the town where his sons 
 Joshua, Joseph, Isaac, and James reside. Richard Hiller settled on lot 30. 
 His sons were : Jedediah, John, Alexander, and Nicholas. Jedediah resides 
 in Pennsylvania ; the others, in town. 
 
 John Townsend settled near the center of the town, and bought the saw- 
 mill previously built by Reuben and John Thayer. He subsequently rebuilt 
 the mill, which is now owned by his son Samuel. Another son, William, 
 lives with his mother in the neighborhood. The father is not living. 
 
 Christopher Whitman, a member of the Society of Friends, settled where 
 his son Arthur now resides, near the center of the town. Another son, 
 Dexter, resides in Frewsburgh. 
 
 The first town meeting was held at the house of Wm. Sears, March 6, 
 1826, [now in Kiantone,] and the following named officers were elected: 
 
 Supervisor — James Hall. Town Clerk — John Frew. Assessors — ^James 
 Parker, Levi Davis, James Frew. Commissioners of Highways — E. Kidder, 
 Geo. W. Fenton, Simeon C. Davis. Overseers of Poor — E. Kidder, Geo. W. 
 Jones. Collector — Asa Moore. Constables — Asa Moore, Hiram Dickerson. 
 Commissioners of Schools — John Frew, James Hall, James Parker. In- 
 spectors of Schools — Wm. Sears, Simeon Covell, Levi Davis. Pound-keepers — 
 Geo. W. Fenton, Wm. Sears. 
 
 Supervisors from 1826 to 187J. 
 James Hall, 1826 to '33, and 1839 — 9 years. James Parker, 1834 to '37, 
 
CARROLL. 247 
 
 and 1856, '57 — 6 years. Esbai Kidder, 1838. Phineas Spencer, 1840. 
 Judiah E. Budlong, r84i. Gordon Swift, 1842, '43, '44. John Frew, 1845. 
 Reuben E. Fenton, 1846 to '52 — 7 years. Edwin Eaton, 1853, '73. Wm. 
 H. H. Fenton, 1854, 1865 to '71 — 8 years. Charles L. Norton, 1855, 1858 
 to '64 — 8 years. Lucius M. Robertson, 1872. Wm. Sheldon, '74. Albert 
 Fox, 1875. 
 
 Perhaps no other township in the county has had so many saw-mills in 
 operation at the same time, as that which constitutes the town of Carroll. 
 We find on the county may of 1854, the names of five proprietors of mills on 
 the small stream which rises in the south-east part of the town, and enters the 
 Connewango creek near Fentonville. Within about a mile above Fenton- 
 ville were the mills of L. Forbush, D. WUtsie, J. Brokaw, another the owner 
 of which is not named, and S. Smith's miU near the head of the stream. On 
 Frew's run was Frew's saw-mill, near the Connewango. Above this were 
 James Wheeler's, Otis Moore's, Job Toby's, John Myers, Jr.'s, John Town- 
 send's, Henry Bennett's, James Frew's, N. Gavit's, Cowen's, and one or two 
 others. Also Hugh A. Frew's flouring-mill, at Frewsburgh. On Case run, in 
 the north and north-east part of the town, were the mills of Smith Cass, D. 
 Harrington, G. W. Fenton, Jr., J. & C. Pope, Charles Pope ; and on 
 branches of the stream, the mills of A. Comstock and L. Cowen. There 
 was also, in the north-east comer of the town, a steam saw-mill owned by 
 Franklin Baker — the whole number being between twenty and twenty-five. 
 Probably all were not running so late as twenty years ago. And by the 
 diminution of water and timber, the number has been greatly diminished ; 
 the number at present in operation has not been ascertained. 
 
 Jeflferson Frew started a steam saw-mill at Frewsburgh about 2 years ago, 
 which is now in operation. About 750,000 feet of lumber are made in a 
 year at this mill, and run down the river. 
 
 Edward Hayward and Edwin Moore established, in 1872, a hand-sled fac- 
 tory, and made, in two years, about 18,000 sleds, and then converted it into 
 a stave-mill — the staves to be used for butter packages and kegs, for shipping 
 to the eastern market. They have made about 800,000 the past year. This 
 factory was begun by Moore, Spink & Co. Edwin Eaton bought it in the 
 spring of 1874; and Edward W. Scowden stocks the mill, and hires the pro- 
 prietors to manufacture the staves, and will probably keep up the. amount 
 manufactured. 
 
 Wood & White established a stave-factory about 1868 or 1869 ; ran it a 
 few years; then [1872] rented it to Scowden, who ran it about 2 years, 
 [to the fall of '74], making about 600,000 staves the first year, and 700,000 
 the next. April 14, 1875, it was destroyed by fire. 
 
 ^firkin-stave factory was started in 1864 or '65, by Edward Hayward. In 
 187 1, it was bought by John, Jr., and Henry Myers, and converted into a 
 manufactory for barrel staves, and is now in operation. 
 
248 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 Biographical and Genealogical. 
 
 George W. Fenton was bom Jn Hanover, N. H., Dec. 20, 1873. In 
 1804, he left Broadalbin, N. Y., where his father had settled, and traveled to 
 Pittsburgh, then a small village, and thence down the Ohio on an exploring 
 tour to Louisville, Ky. He returned to Pittsburgh, and commenced trading 
 in goods and provisions, in a canoe, up the Allegany river and French creek, 
 which business he followed two or three years. In the winter of 1805-6, he 
 taught a school at Warren, Pa., the first ever taught there. He there married 
 Elsie Owen, who was bom in Lunenburg, N. Y., July 8, 1790. He is said 
 to hive removed to his new log cabin on the south side of the outlet of 
 Chautauqua lake, in the spring of 1807, where the only settlers on the outlet 
 were William Wilson and James Culbertson, who were on the north side. 
 In 1809, he sold his farm, and removed to lot 52, on the east side of the 
 Connewango. [The date of the purchase of this land was March, 18 10.] 
 Mr. Fenton died March 3, i860. His widow died Feb. 26, 1875. Their 
 children were : i. Roswell O., who married Lenora Akin, and had 4 sons 
 and 4 daughters; Mr. Fenton deceased. 2. George tV.,yr., who married 
 Mitta Howard, and has 2 sons and 4 daughters. 3. William If. H., who 
 married Catherine Edmonds, and has a son, William H. H., Jr., and had 4 
 daughters, of whom one died in infancy. 4. John F., who married Maria 
 Woodward, and is deceased ; he had 3 sons and 5 daughters ; one of the 
 sons died in infancy. 5. Reuben E., [see sketch. Hist, of Jamestown.] 
 
 Hugh Frew was bom in Killyleagh, county of Down, Ireland, about 
 1758, and was married to Mary Russell, in the same place, in 1787. They 
 sailed from Belfast, Ireland, in May, 1794, and arrived at Wilmington, Ches- 
 ter Co., Pa., in June. Mr. Frew was very poor when he landed. He worked 
 at ditching the first six months, at $4 a month; and his wife supported the 
 family by spinning flax on the little wheel. With the money received for the 
 six months' wages, he bought a cow, which died before he had taken fi-om 
 her a single mess of milk. He removed to Dansville, North Branch of 
 Susquehanna, Pa. Being a miller, as the Frews had been by occupation for 
 generations, he obtained a situation in a grist-mill with three run of stones, 
 at $8 a month. In 1800, the family emigrated through the wilderness, up 
 the Sinemahoning creek to the head of the Allegany, and down the Allegany 
 to Warren, and up the Connewango to Beech Woods, now Farmington, Pa, 
 where they located and endured great hardships. There was not then a 
 white settler in Chautauqua county. Hugh Frew and his wife and sons, after 
 their arrival in August, cleared 5 acres of land and sowed it with wheat the 
 first fall, by working day and night. The father and sons, John and James, 
 cleared up a farm, built a grist-mill, and were in comfortable circumstances. 
 David, the only other, and the youngest son, died soon after landing at Wil- 
 mington. John and James subsequently settled in Carroll. The family 
 finally sold the farm in Pennsylvania, and all removed to Frewsburgh. Hugh 
 Frew died there in December, 1831, aged 73. [See Russell Family.] 
 
 John Frew, son of Hugh, was bom in Killyleagh, Ireland, Aug. 2, 1789, 
 
CARROLL. 249 
 
 and emigrated with his father to America, and to Farmington, Pa. [See 
 sketch of Hugh Frew.] In 1809, John Frew bought an interest in lands on 
 the east side of the Connewango, in the present town of Carroll, at Frews- 
 burgh, where he erected mills with Thomas Russell. His brother James 
 purcha.sed the interest of Thomas Russell. They built mills, cleared farms, 
 and prospered. John Frew helped Edward Work build his saw-mill on the 
 outlet of Chautauqua lake. He said he commenced sawing for Work on 
 his mill, May 8, 1809, and worked through the summer. From the plank 
 he sawed, 12 salt-boats were made to take salt down the outlet and the 
 Allegany to Pittsburgh. Much salt was taken down in the fall of 1809. 
 John and James Frew and Thomas Russell erected their saw-mill at the 
 mouth of Frew's run, on the east side of the Connewango, in 18 11. In or 
 about the year 18 14, Russell sold his interest to the Frews, who erected near 
 the saw-mill a grist-mill from the remains of the old grist-mill in Pennsyl- 
 vania, in 1817; their father being concerned with them. It was an overshot 
 mill and did much grinding, and was tended by their father. John and 
 James Frew had all their property in common; and no jealousy ever ap- 
 peared to exist between them. They were, however, advised to divide their 
 property to prevent difficulty in their families in case of the death of either 
 of them. This was amicably done not long before the death of James, who 
 was killed at the raising of a building. In 18 16, John Frew was elected 
 supervisor of the town of EUicott, [then embracing Carroll,] and was con- 
 tinued in that office by reelection until 1822, inclusive, after which he de- 
 clined a reelection. He was appointed a judge and justice in 1820, which 
 offices he declined. He is said to have been a man of sound judgment and 
 strict integrity, and a friend and liberal patron of the early improvements of 
 the county. Having lived to see the wilderness become a well cultivated 
 country, and the site of his residence in Carroll a prosperous village bearing 
 his own name, he closed his life in September, 1865, aged 76 years. 
 
 James Frew, second son of Hugh, was bom in Killyleagh, Ireland, about 
 1791, and was married to Rebecca, daughter of Josiah H. Wheeler, of 
 Frewsburgh. Mr. Frew resided in Frewsburgh until his death. He was killed 
 in assisting to raise a building, by the falling of a bent, which struck him on 
 the back of the neck. He died August 24, 1834, aged 43 years. While in 
 partnership with John, he seemed to choose managing business at home, and 
 having his brother attend to business out of town. He was disinclined to 
 hold any public office, though he was once prevailed on to accept the office 
 of assessor. He was out in one campaign with Gen. Harrison's army in the 
 war of 18 1 2, and endured great hardships and privations at Maumee, River 
 Raisin, etc. He was known as a superior marksman with a rifle. He had 5 
 sons: John H., Miles, Josiah, Jefferson, and David. 
 
 RuFus Greene, bom in Amherst, Mass., removed from Vermont to what 
 is now Kiantone, in 1827 ; thence, after three years, to this town, on lot 51, 
 near the Connewango, on the farm owned by the late Roswell O. Fenton. 
 Mr. Greene was for many years a justice of the peace. He had 6 children : 
 
250 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 Eunice N., wife of Horatio N. Thornton; Mary, wife of Albert M. Thornton ; 
 Sarah, who married Wm. Corkins, and is deceased; Lutheria, who married 
 Perrin Sampson, and lives at Springville, Erie Co., N. Y., with whom her 
 mother now resides; Emily, wife of Henry W. Sampson, South Valley, Catt. 
 Co.; Rufus, Jr., who married Kate L. Gould, and removed, in 187 1, to 
 Newell, Buena Vista Co., Iowa. Rufus Greene died Jan., r868. 
 
 Joseph Waite, the eldest son of Silas Waite, was bom in 'Wardsborough, 
 Vt., July 4, 1787, and was married, Oct. 17, 181 1, to Olive Davis, who was 
 born in the same town, Sept. 16, 1786. She was related to the Davises in 
 Kiantone and Busti. Mr. Waite was a thorough " Green Mountaineer," over 
 six feet high, and weighed about 250 pounds. The town was rough and 
 mountainous, and his parents were poor. His advantages for education were 
 very limited. He learned to write on birch bark. He learned at school 
 simply to read, write, and cypher. He learned the trade of saddle and har- 
 ness-making, and carried it on for a brief period. He was appointed a 
 deputy sheriff in his native county; and, by attending courts, he acquired a 
 taste for the law business. In 1816, he came with his wife, two children, 
 and his worldly goods, in a two-horse wagon, to the south part of Chautauqua 
 county, the journey occuppng six weeks. He purchased the " betterments" 
 on a small farm in Carroll, where he passed through the usual experiences of 
 early pioneer life. He went into the lumbering business, in which he was 
 very unsuccessful. The landing on the Connewango where he drew, with 
 ox-teams, his logs and shingles, is still called " Waite's Landing." Being 
 unfitted for manual labor, by reason of a rupture, he turned to the profession 
 of law. He moved to Jamestown in 1821, and commenced the study in his 
 35th year, and practiced his profession there about 30 years. He attained a 
 respectable standing at the bar, and served in the offices of justice, district- 
 attorney, examiner in chancery, supreme court commissioner, and county 
 superintendent of the poor, and performed the duties of these offices with 
 general acceptance. In 1854, he emigrated to Fond du Lac, Wis., to live 
 with his children; and on the 8th of January, 1855, he died of apoplexy, 
 after a sickness of 26 hours. In 1870, his remains were removed to the new 
 cemetery at Jamestown, and deposited by the side of those of his wife, who 
 died Feb. 27, 1851. They had two children, besides one that died in child- 
 hood: Franklin H., who resides in Mankato, Minn.; and Davis H., editor 
 and pubUsher of the Jamestown Journal. 
 
 JosiAH H. Wheeler was bom in Concord, Mass., in 1762, and married 
 Mary Miles, who was bom Feb. 10, 1765. They came with-a large family 
 from Wardsborough, Vt., to Ellicott, [now Carroll,] and purchased the land 
 and saw-mill on Frew's ran, belonging to Matthew Turner, lot 53, tp. i, r. 10. 
 Wheeler and his sons stocked and ran the mill with their own labor, and 
 soon cleared up a good farm. He had 5 sons : James, Josiah, Francis, 
 Miles, and Daniel. The sons, or most of them, as they came of age, were 
 helped to land on which to start in life. The daughters were : Rebecca, 
 wife of James Frew ; Polly, wife of John Rose, of Frewsburgh ; and Anna. 
 
^^^^c^^^:^ y^^Ct^, 
 
CHARLOTTE. 25 1 
 
 Josiah H. Wheeler died, [date not ascertained.] His wife died in 1857, 
 aged about 92 years. She well remembered, till her death, the time when 
 the report was spread that the British were coming to Concord to destroy 
 the military stores collected there by the colonists, and when, at the age of 
 ten years, she fled with her mother into the adjacent forests, where most of 
 the women and children were concealed, until the British returned to Boston. 
 James, the eldest son of Josiah H. and Mary Wheeler, married Nancy Rose, 
 of Frewsburgh, then recently from England. Josiah, another son, married a 
 daughter of James Parker, of Carroll, and after her death, married a cousin 
 of his first wife — a daughter of David Eaton, of Portland. 
 
 The Frewsburgh Baptist Church was formed Jan. i, 1858, and was com- 
 posed of about 60 members of a church then existing, but now extinct, 
 known as the " First Baptist Church of Carroll." It was first called the 
 " Second Baptist Church of Carroll," and took its present name Sept. 20, 
 1842. It was recognized by an ecclesiastical council, Feb. 14, 1838. March 
 10, 1838, John G. Curtis and Phineas Annis were chosen deacons. Until 
 1842, the church had no regular pastor, but was supplied a part of the time 
 by Revs. Arza Stone, Benj. Oviatt, and J. Wilson. It was received into the 
 Harmony Baptist Association in 1838; and in 1842, joined with the First 
 Church in sustaining Rev. M. Colby as pastor for about one year. The 
 church was then again without a pastor until 1845. Its subsequent pastors 
 were Frederick Glanville, A. Frink, Elisha B. Sparks, W. H. Randall, Emer- 
 son Mills, Lucien L. Gage, Judson H. Miller, Wm. Entwistle, J. S. Blandin, 
 A. D. Bush, and Abner Morrill. Present deacons are Phineas Annis, John 
 C. Martin, George L. Foster, and John D. Bain. The first church clerk 
 was Abida Dean ; the present clerk, John D. Bain. The Baptist Society, 
 under the general law of the state, was formed Jan. 14, 1850. The first 
 trustees were Phineas Annis, Elias Howard, George W. Fenton, John Myers, 
 Jr., and Jacob Persell. Present trustees — Geo. W. Fenton, John Myers, Jr., 
 Parker E. Miller, John C. Martin, John D. Bain, George L. Foster, and 
 Ray W. Porter. Parker E. Miller is clerk and treasurer. 
 
 CHARLOTTE. 
 
 Charlotte was formed from Gerry, April 18, 1829, and comprise? the 4th 
 township in the nth range, according to the Holland Land Company's sur- 
 veys. Mill creek, the principal stream, passes through the geographical 
 center of the town, in a south-westerly direction, crossing the south line i J^ 
 miles east of the south-west comer, near Sinclairville, and flowing into the 
 Cassadaga creek in Gerry, near its west line, on lot 63. Luce Hill and 
 Lake Hill, the highest points, are about 1,000 feet above Lake Erie. The 
 land is moderately hilly ; and the soil is chiefly a clay loam. The town of 
 Charlotte was surveyed into lots in the year 1808, by John Lamberton, for 
 
252 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 the Holland Land Company, and first settled in 1809. At a meeting of the 
 citizens held at the house of David Randall at the Center, at the suggestion 
 of Mrs. Randall, the town was named from a town having that name on 
 Lake Champlain, in Vermont. 
 
 Original Purchases in Township 4, Range 11. 
 
 1809.' April, Arva O. Austin, 63. John N. Gregg, 62. John Picket, 
 
 62. Abel Prior, 6z. Barnabas Cole, 36. May, Nathaniel Holdridge, 45. 
 Robert W. Seaver and Barney Edson, 37. Wm. Devine, 29. Joseph 
 Arnold, 61. November, Samuel Sinclear, 41. Seth Richardson, 54. 
 
 1 8 10. January, Joel Burnell, 46. 
 
 181 1. May, Samuel Vaughan, 31. 
 1813. March, John Cleland, Jr., 53. 
 
 1816. February, Jacob Flanders, 57, 58, 59. March, Samuel Sinclear, 
 41. April, S. Austin, 56. . June, Abraham Winsor, 33. 
 
 1817. November, John Howard, i. 
 
 1818. June, Samuel Camp, 17. 
 
 18 1 9. March, Samuel Hurley, 25. April, Justus Torrey, 18. May, 
 Ezra Richmond, 33. July, Abraham Reynolds, 26. 
 
 182 1. June, Nathan Lake, 20. Calvin Lake, 20. 
 
 1823. April, Walker Lewis, 39. Martin Cleland, 55. 
 
 1824. July, Caleb Clark, 55. September, Daniel B. Lake, 21. Decem- 
 ber, Samuel Cleland, 30. 
 
 1825. October, Charles Lyman, 40. Crocker Richardson, 59. Wm. 
 Spinkemagle, 32. 
 
 1826. January, Isaac Phippin, 20. February, Hiram Straight, 30. May, 
 David Randall, 13. September, Arba P. Straight, 23. Robert Robertson, i. 
 October, Alanson C. Straight, 24. November, Bela Tracy, 57. 
 
 The north-western portion of the town was explored in March, 1809, by a 
 party of young men, who, about the first of April, settled upon lots 62 and 
 
 63, in that part known as the Picket district. John Picket settled upon 
 the farm where he now resides. He constructed upon the bank of Picket 
 brook a log house, the first built in the town. Daniel Picket with his family 
 settled upon the farm now owned by the heirs of Eliab Bamum ; and Arva O. 
 Austin and wife upon the farm nowowned by the heirs of Van Rensselaer Fisher. 
 These were the only persons who passed the winter of 1809-10 in Charlotte. 
 January 25th, 18 10, the first white child was born, Phebe, daughter of Arva 
 O. Austin. She afterwards became the wife of Adin Wait. John Cleland, 
 Jr., came in, in March, 1810, and took up land on lot 5 4- In September, 
 Mrs. Arnold, wife of Joseph Arnold, then residing in the Picket settlement, 
 died ; and on the day following, Jerusha Barras, her sister. They were 
 buried in one grave, near the road side, on the farm of Chauncey Pierpont. 
 These were the first deaths in the town. 
 
 A remarkable incident occurred at an early period in the history of this 
 town, in which one of the Pickets was the subject. The account is taken 
 from a long and interesting sketch of early times, published in a Fredonia 
 paper, and communicated by one of the Cleland brothers, of Charlotte ; 
 
 " A remarkable surgical operation was performed in Charlotte about fifty 
 
CHARLOTTE. 253 
 
 years ago, Ira Picket and myself were at work on a mill-dam, in January. 
 We were raising the dam with gravel. A thaw came and loosened the em- 
 bankment, when the bank suddenly gave way. I escaped, but Picket was 
 caught by the falling mass. Being in a stooping posture, the frozen mass 
 struck him on his back, and passed toward his head, stripping off his cloth- 
 ing, tearing his scalp from his head, so that it fell over one side of his face, 
 and crushing one eye so that it lay on his cheek. His head, one foot, and a 
 hand, were caught under the earth. In my fright, I lifted and held the piece 
 of earth that fell on his foot, and that would have taken several men ordina- 
 rily to lift. I held it till his father and brother came from the mill, six rods 
 away, for, had I let it fall, it would have crushed his whole body. They suc- 
 ceeded in freeing his foot. I took his crushed head in my lap, and laid his 
 scalp back, when I saw dirt and gravel under it. I had to take it off again, 
 when I saw the scull was badly crushed. We got him home and sent for a 
 physician, who was three hours in performing the operation. He took thirty- 
 two pieces of bone from his head, the patient being perfectly conscious all 
 the time. [Chloroform was not given in those days.] At the patient's 
 request, I held his hands during the whole operation. They seemed the 
 longest three hours I had ever known. Strange to say. Picket recovered 
 entirely, even to his eye-sight, and was present at the Old Settlers' Reunion 
 at Fredonia. It seemed marvelous that I should clasp the hands that I held 
 those three heart-rending hours fifty years ago. The physician was Dr. 
 Ezra Williams, of Dunkirk, father of the Hon. J. T. Williams, who also is a 
 physician." 
 
 In March, 181 1, Nathan and Oliver Cleland, brothers of John Cleland, 
 Jr., and in the fall, Samuel, another brother, with their father, John Cleland, 
 came and settled upon lot 54. The Cleland brothers are living, aged as 
 follows: Samuel J., 87 years; John, 83; Oliver, 81; and Nathan, 80. Many 
 of their descendants reside in the town. In the fall of 181 r, Moses Cleland 
 was married to Sally Anderson, by Rev. John Spencer ; this was the first 
 marriage celebrated. Joel Burnell, in 18x1, settled upon the farm where he 
 died. He was at one time an associate judge of this county. Madison 
 Burnell, his son, was bom there in 1812. He afterwards became one of the 
 distinguished lawyers of Western New York. Ransom Burnell, another son, 
 was also bom there ; he is a lawyer and resides in California, and has been 
 the speaker of the assembly in that state. Among other early settlers in this 
 part, who have left descendants residing in the town, were. Freeman Ellis, 
 Edward Dalrymple, Eliakim Barnum, Jacob Hall, James Cross, David Ames, 
 and Caleb Clark. Orton, the son of the last, was surrogate of the county 
 from 1848 to 1852, inclusive — 4 years. John B. Cardot came in from 
 France, and settled in this part of the town. He was followed in later years 
 by many other respectable families from that country. 
 
 Charlotte Center was first settled by Robert W. Seaver, a soldier of the 
 Revolution. He in the spring of 1809, with Bama Edson, explored the 
 town, then a wildemess, and selected 90 acres of land, which included the 
 home of the late John Edmonds. Here Mr. Seaver settled. He died in 
 Charlotte in 1836. His son Randolph resides in Sinclairville. In the spring 
 of 1809, Wm. Devine also came in, and settled upon the west part of lot 29, 
 
254 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 where he built a log house between where the school-house now stands 
 and the highway. It was the first building erected at the Center. Oliver 
 Gilmour, Daniel Jackson, and Aaron Seaver were early settlers; and in the 
 fall of 1826, Stephen Lyman, a brother-in-law of Major Sinclear, settled near 
 the Center. Perry Lyman, his son, at present deputy sheriff, resides at Sin- 
 clairville. In 1811, Barney Cole died, and was buried at the Center. He 
 was the first male person who died in the town. At an early day a shop 
 was built on Mill creek, at the Center, by Edward Landas, for wool-carding 
 and cloth-dressing, which was in after years used as a pail factory, turning 
 shop and wood miU factory. About 18 17, the first saw-mill was built there. 
 In 1869, a steam mill was erected there by Addison Lake and Edwin Tuttle. 
 About 1851, Joseph Landas built and opened the first store at the Center; 
 though others had, for brief periods, sold limited amounts of merchandise. 
 In 1 82 1, Nathan Lake and his brother Calvin came in from Vermont, and 
 settled a little east of the Center. Their brothers Daniel B. and Luther 
 Lake came in to live in 1826, and settled on the street which was afterwards 
 known as the " Lake Settlement." Nathan Lake was the first supervisor of 
 the town, elected in 1830, and again in 1835, '37, '42, and '45. Allen A. 
 Stevens, son-in-law of Nathan Lake ; Horace E. Kimball, son-in-law of 
 Daniel B. Lake ; and Henry C. Lake, son of Calvin Lake, have also been 
 supervisors. [See List of Supervisors.] Henry C. Lake has also been a 
 member of the legislature from this county. Hugh Harper, from the county 
 of Donnegal, Ireland, came in, in 1828, and settled a little south of the 
 Center ; and a few years later, his brother William, followed by other families 
 from the north and other parts of Ireland. They have numerous descendants 
 here, who make good and respectable citizens. The population of Charlotte 
 Center, according to the census taken in 1875, is 120. 
 
 Sinclairville derives its name from Major Samuel Sinclear. Having pur- 
 chased the whole of lot 41, which embraces the land where the village is 
 situated, in November, 1809, he commenced the settlement of the place by 
 causing the body of a log house to be built in the woods, miles away from 
 all roads. It was built at the intersection of the roads leading from Sinclair- 
 ville, one to Charlotte Center; the other to Cherry Creek. In March, 1810, 
 he and Wm. Berry and his family, and John Sinclair and Chauncey Andrus, 
 hired help, arrived at this log house; the snow then lying deep over the 
 ground. They occupied, for two days and nights, a wigwam made of poles 
 and hemlock boughs, until they had completed their log house, into which 
 they then moved. In the fall of 18 10, Mr. Sinclear cut a wagon road from 
 Fredonia to Sinclairville, the first opened into the central part of the county; 
 and on the 22d of October, 1810, his family, which included his step-sons, 
 Obed and John M. Edson, arrived. During the summer of 1810, he erected 
 a saw-mil, and in the iaU a frame dwelling house, which was for many years 
 the village tavern; and in 181 1, a grist-mill. Each of these buildings was 
 the first of its kind erected in Charlotte and in the central and eastern part 
 of the county. Abraham Winsor, a brother-in-law of Mr. Sinclear, came in 
 
CHARLOTTE. 255 
 
 from Madison county, and in 1813 built an ashery, and in 1815 opened a 
 store. In early years he transported down the Cassadaga, in canoes, the pot 
 and pearl ashes he had manufactured, and theilce down the Allegany to Pitts- 
 burgh, where he received in exchange flour, tobacco, nails, glass, and other 
 merchandise, which he brought back in boats for the store in SLnclairville. 
 
 The north-east part of the town remained a wilderness later than any other 
 portion. Alanson Straight was the first to commence Improvements. He 
 settled about 1832 upon the farm now owned by Byron Lewis. In 1832, 
 Nelson Chase settled upon the farm which he now owns ; and a little later 
 in the same year, Nathan Penhollow upon the farm where his son William 
 now resides. Calvin Abbey, Elijah Lewis, Wm. W. Rood, Neri Crampton, 
 Daniel Hoisington, Henry Smith, Wm. Luce, G. R. Mathewson, Peter Odell, 
 and Nelson Mansfield, were early settlers there. John Wilkes, who came in 
 1851, built the first saw-mill in .this part of the town, in 1865. Upon his 
 farm the last bear was killed. In 1839, James Hopkins, Patrick Doran, and 
 Garrett Wlieeler, came in from the west of Ireland, and in following years 
 others from Ireland settled there. 
 
 Kent Street and adjacent territory was first settled by families principally 
 from the south of England. Samuel Hurley was the pioneer ; he came as 
 early as 1817. Abraham Reynolds next came, in 1819, direct from London. 
 Twice he walked from Charlotte to New York. His son Henry has been 
 3 years supervisor of the town, and is a merchant in Sinclairville. His 
 daughters Mary and Elizabeth now reside in London. Robert Le Grys came 
 in 1819; John Thorn in 1834; and in 1836, firom .Devonshire, John Reed, 
 whose sons are John, now in Australia ; William, a former in Charlotte ; and 
 Richard, a merchant of Sinclairville. Richard Brock and Thomas D. Spik- 
 ing came later. The street leading north from the Center to Arkwright, was 
 also largely settled by Englishmen, wholly from Yorkshire, in the north of 
 England. Thomas Pearson, Wm. Wright, and their families, and Thomas 
 Dickenson, came over together in a ship from Hull, and settled on this street, 
 in 1828 ; and many of their descendants reside in town. John Pearson, son 
 of Thomas, has long been a business man, and is now a merchant of Sin- 
 clairville. William Hilton came in 1830; his son John has been a director 
 of the Erie Railway. These Englishmen, their descendants, and others who 
 in later years came from that country, constitute a very large and substantial 
 portion of .the population of the town. 
 
 The first school was taught by William Gilmour in the winter of 1811-12, 
 in the log house erected in 1809 by Mr. Sinclear. Dr. Orange Y. Campbell 
 was the 'ax%\. physician. Drs. Henry B. Hedges, J. E. Kimball, Gilbert Rich- 
 mond, and George S. Harrison, at a later period were, for many years, prac- 
 ticing physicians of Sinclairville, and were widely known in their profession 
 through the county. Charles Smith was the first shoemaker ; Samuel Brunson 
 the first blacksmith. Chester Wilson, father of W. Thomas Wilson, Esq., 
 long a justice of sessions of the county, was the first saddler and harness- 
 maker. Nathaniel Johnson came to Sinclairville fi-om Madison Co. in 1814. 
 
256 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 His son Forbes, many years a resident here, was a member of the legislature 
 of 1844. He and John M. Edson constructed the first tannery ; and they 
 also built a grist-mill in SinclaLrville at an early day. Hannah, daughter of 
 Nathaniel Johnson, married S. L. Henderson, who came in in 18 16. Their 
 son W. W. Henderson, of this place, is collector of U. S. revenues for the 
 27th revenue district. Dr. Henry Sargent was the earliest postmaster. The 
 mails were at first carried from EUicottville to Mayville by Sampson Crooker, 
 the father of Hon. George A. S. Crooker, who went through once a week on 
 foot. Chauncey Andrus, Ezra Richmond, Peter Warren, father of Judge 
 Emory F. Warren, Bela Tracy, a brother of John Tracy, formerly lieutenant- 
 governor of this state, Asa Dunbar, Philip Sink, Henry Cipperly, Wm. H. 
 Gleason, and Wm. Brown, were some of the early settlers of Sinclairville and 
 the south-western part of the town. Wm. Heppenen, from Germany, settled 
 in the village in 1853 ; his brother Ernest in 1854. They were followed, in 
 later years, by many industrious and worthy German families, who have set- 
 tled in the village and town. 
 
 The first town meeting was held at Charlotte Center, March 2, 1830. The 
 following are the names of the officers chosen : 
 
 Supervisor — Nathan Lake. Town Clerk — Walter Chester. Justices of the 
 Peace — John M. Edson, Eldred Sampson, James S. Parkhurst. Collector — 
 Barzillai Ellis. Assessors- — Peter Warren, Bela Tracy, Spencer Clark. Over- 
 seers of the Poor — Freeman Ellis, Abel Potter. Corners of Highways — Bela 
 B. Lord, R. W. Seaver, Charles Goodrich. Com'rs of Schools — Bela B. Lord, 
 Samuel T. Booth, Crocker Richajdson. Constables — Amasa Dalrymple, 
 Barzillai Ellis, Benjamin Fisher. Collector — Barzillai Ellis. Sealer — Oshea 
 Webber. 
 
 Supervisors from i8jo to 187^. 
 
 Nathan Lake, 1830, '35, '37, '42, '45—5 years. Bela Tracy, 1831, '33, '34. 
 Samuel F. Forbush, 1832. John Chandler, 1836. Orton Clark, 1838 to '41, 
 1843, '44, 1859, 'eo-— 8 years. Randolph W. Seaver, 1846 to '48 — 3 years. 
 Joseph E. Kimball, 1849. Orsamus A- White, 1850, '51. John M. Edson, 
 1852, '53, '54- Daniel Arnold, 1855. Wm. M. Waggoner, 1856. Allen A. 
 Stevens, 1857, '68. Henry C. Lake, 1858, '61. Timothy D. Copp, 1862, '63. 
 Henry Reynolds, 1864 to '66 — 3 years. Obed Edson, 1867. George S. 
 Harrison, 1869 to '71 — 3 years. Horace E. Kimball, 1872 to '74, and Albert 
 Richmond, 1875. , 
 
 The progress of settlement in the village and town was slow, until about 
 the year 1824, when Walter Smith and George A. French opened a store at 
 Sinclairville, and engaged in considerable trade. This, with the opening of 
 the Erie canal, gave a new impetus to settlement. Sinclairville continued, 
 until 1845, to be an important point for the manufacture of pot and pearl 
 ashes, which, prior to 1824, had been sent to Pittsburgh, but thereafter to 
 Montreal and New York. Walter Chester, Thomas J. Allen, in 1838 a mem- 
 ber of assembly, his brother Caleb J. Allen, Perez Dewey, Alonzo Lang- 
 worthy, Nelson Mitchell and John Dewey, were some of the leading and 
 
CHARLOTTE. 257 
 
 older merchants of the village. Jonathan Hedges was an early innkeeper, 
 and his son Elias S. Hedges an early tanner. 
 
 Stages were first run from Fredonia to Jamestown by Obed Edson, brother 
 of John M. Edson, and by Reuben Scott, about 1827. Subsequently the 
 line was extended to Warren, Pa., by Obed Edson. 
 
 Albert Richmond, from Watertown, N. Y., in August, 1833, was the first 
 attorney at law; and from January, 1855, to the close of 1858 — 4 years — 
 surrogate of the county. In 1832, a school-house was first built; schools 
 having been previously kept in a school-house built in 1816, in the town of 
 Gerry, adjacent to Sinclairville. Early in 1849, Sinclairville was made a 
 station on the telegraph line leading from Fredonia to Pittsburgh. This line 
 was afterwards discontinued. In 1852, the Fredonia and Sinclairville plank 
 road was constructed from Fredonia, through Sinclairville, to EUicott. It 
 was built principally through the exertions of the people of Sinclairville. 
 Perez Dewey, of Sinclairville, was its largest stockholder and first presidei;t. 
 It contributed largely to the growth of the village during succeeding years. 
 June 21, 1862, "Evergreen Cemetery Association'' was organized, with 
 Barnard W. Field as president, and under his superintendence its ample 
 grounds have since been embellished with unusual taste. April 7, 1868, 
 occurred the severest fire that has ever visited Sinclairville. Early in the 
 morning the Bennett block was discovered to be on fire. Three stores com- 
 prising this block, the Sinclairville House, a dwelling house and barn, a meat 
 market and a shoe shop were burned, and a harness shop was torn down — 
 in all seven buildings. February 6, 1870, the Sinclairville Library was estab- 
 lished, with Alonzo Langworthy as its president 
 
 The people of Charlotte were among the first to move in the construction 
 of the Dunkirk, Warren &• Pittsburgh Railroad, as it was then known, now 
 known as the Dunkirk, Allegany Valley & Pittsburgh Railroad. The first 
 meetings to promote the enterprise were held at Sinclairville. At a meeting 
 presided over by Hon. C. J. Allen, preliminary steps wer% taken to organize 
 the company. T. D. Copp and Alonzo Langworthy, of Sinclairville, were 
 directors from its organization until after its completion ; the former being 
 during this time its president. They, by their efforts and influence, largely 
 aided in effecting the construction of the road, which was completed to Sin- 
 clairville, June I, 1871. November 5th, 1874, the "Sinclairville Fair Ground 
 Association" was organized with H. E. Kimball as president. By the census 
 of 1875, Sinclairville contained a population of 695. 
 
 The south-east part of the town was first settled by Leman Cleveland, on 
 the farm of Richard Langworthy, on lot 10. In 1814, Samuel T. Booth 
 settled on the farm now owned by Thomas Spear. John Howard, in 181 7, 
 on lot I. Justus Torrey, from Genesee Co. in 181 9, settled on the farm now 
 owned by his son Sheldon Torrey. He chopped and cleared with his own 
 hands several hundred acres of land, and during many years manufactured 
 annually large quantities of maple sugar. The widow Lemira W. Camp, 
 with her family, in March, 1819, settled upon 200 acres of land known as 
 17 
 
258 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 the Camp farm, now owned by Merlin M. Wagoner. She had been preceded 
 by her son Samuel Camp. Milo, Merlin, John, Wilson, and Herman, were 
 the sons of Mrs. Camp. David Sheldon, Robert Robertson, Peter Robert- 
 son, John Luce, and Mr. Parsons, were early settlers in this part of the town. 
 
 Biographical and Genealogical. 
 
 Joel Burnell came to Charlotte in i8ip, and settled on lot 46, bought 
 of the Holland Land Company in January of that year. He is described 
 by one who knew him well, as a man of " original and brilliant intellect, a 
 great reader, and about equally inclined to theology and the law." He was 
 for many years associate judge of the county court, and for a long time a 
 justice of the peace. He was also a local preacher of the Methodist Epis- 
 copal church. His house was for years the preaching place and the home 
 of the preachers. He had 11 children; six sons and five daughters. Of 
 these no particular sketch has been obtained, except that of his son Madison, 
 an eminent lawyer, which wUl be found in the historical sketch of Jamestown. 
 
 John M. Edson is a descendant, of the sixth generation, from Samuel 
 Edson, who was bom in England in 1612, and came over to Salem, Mass., 
 in the year 1638 or 1639, ^nd afterwards became an original proprietor and 
 first settler of Bridgewater, Plymouth Co., Mass. He was a member of the 
 general court at Pl)maouth in 1676, and held other positions of public trust. 
 His son Samuel, an ancestor of John M. Pkison, participated in the Indian 
 wars against King Philip, and was a member of the general court at Boston 
 in 1697 and 1713. Obed Edson, the grandfather of John M. Edson, was an 
 early settler of the town of Richfield, Otsego Co., N. Y. 
 
 John M. Edson was bom July 30, 1801, in Eaton, Madison Co. When 
 he was about three years of itge, his father died. His mother, whose maiden 
 name was Faimy Bigelow, afterwards married Major Samuel Sinclear. Mr. 
 Edson moved with his step-father's family to Sinclairville, in 1810, the first 
 settlement having only been made there that year. There were no schools, 
 few books, and for years but a single newspaper was received in the settle- 
 ment. These limited facilities gave Mr. Edson but little opportunity to in- 
 dulge a natural inclination for mental improvement ; and he received but a 
 limited education, the deficiencies of which were supplied, in np inconsider- 
 able degree, bj a taste for reading. He, however, in early life, became 
 familiar with the prompt expedients necessary in a new country, where a 
 rough and ready skill to meet the difficulties incident thereto, were the qual- 
 ities most in requisition. When a young man, the military spirit ran high in 
 Western New York. In the regiment organized in the central and eastern 
 portion of the county, he filled most of the regimental offices fi-om lieutenant 
 to that of colonel, which he received May 22, 1830. Among other positions, 
 he held that of justice of the peace of Charlotte for fourteen years. He 
 served three years successively as its supervisor, and one term as deputy U. 
 S. marshal. April 17, 1843, he was appointed by Gov. Bouck a judge of the 
 court of common pleas, and served until July i, 1847, when the court as then 
 
o^^/.. ut.Lj^.5 
 
CHARLOTTE. 259 
 
 organized was abolished by the constitution of 1846. In politics he has al- 
 ways been a democrat. He was the first master of the Sylvan Lodge No. 
 303 of Freemasons, at Sinclairville, under the new charter granted subse- 
 quently to anti-masonry. He is now 73 years of age, and resides on his 
 farm adjacent to Sinclairville. 
 
 In 183 1 he was married to Hannah Alverson, daughter of Jonathan and 
 Ursula Alverson. She was bom at Halifax, Vt, June 3, 1804, and came 
 with her mother to Gerry to reside with her uncle, Wm. Alverson, in 1821. 
 They have two children: i. Obed, bom in Sinclairville, Feb. 18, 1832; a 
 lawyer by profession, and at present a member of assembly from the second 
 district of this county. He married EmUy A. Allen, daughter of Caleb J. 
 Allen, born in New London, Conn., Nov. 27, 1835. Their children are : 
 Fanny A., bom April 28, i860; John M., bom Sept 29, i86i ; Samuel A., 
 "born Sept. 15, 1863; died Nov. 16, 1872; Mary U., bom Sept. 11, 1865; 
 died Nov. 27, 1872 ; Hannah, bom Feb. 15, 1869 ; Walter H., bom Jan. 8, 
 1874; and Ellen Emily, bom April 21, 1875. 2. Fanny Ursula, bom June 
 4, 1834, and married Henry Sylvester, son of Melzer Sylvester. They re- 
 side in Sinclairville. Their children are : Anna G., bom Jan. 5, 1856 ; 
 Emily A., born Nov. 22, 1857 ; Katie, bom Nov. 20, 1863; died Aug. 18, 
 1864; and Frederic H., bom Sept. 22, 1867. 
 
 Samuel Sinclear was bom May 10, 1762, at Vassalborough, Maine. 
 His parents, Joshua Sinclear and Mary Cilley, were married in Scotland, in 
 1752 or 1753, and came to America about the year 1760. Samuel was the 
 fifth of nine children. His elder brothers and sisters were bom in Scotland, 
 the younger in Maine. He was a kinsman of Cilley, a member of Congress 
 from Maine, who was killed near Washington in the celebrated duel with 
 Graves, of Kentucky, and a nephew of Gen. Joseph Cilley, a distinguished 
 officer of the Revolution, conspicuous for his bravery as colonel of the ist 
 New Hampshire regiment at the battles of Bemis Heights and at Monmouth. 
 [See Am. Hist. Records, vol. 3, p. 228; and Quackenbos' Hist. U. S., p. 247.] 
 Mr. Sinclear went with the American army as an assistant to his uncle, Col. 
 Cilley, and served as such one year. June 20, 1777, being then barely 
 fifteen years of age, he enlisted in Capt. Amos Morrill's company of Col. 
 Cilley's regiment, in Gen. Enoch Poor's brigade, and served for three years. 
 He was at Monmouth and other battles, and suffered with the American 
 army at Valley Forge. He served in Gen. Sullivan's campaign against the 
 Indians upon the frontiers of Pennsylvania and New York, in 1779. At the 
 expiration of his term of enlistment, he received an honorable discharge, 
 being then but eighteen years of age. After the close of the war he erected 
 a saw-mill on the Kennebec river, and engaged in getting out ship timber. 
 In 1788, he removed to the state of New York, and resided successively at 
 Utica and Cherry Valley, and in 1796 became one of the first settlers in the 
 town of Eaton, Madison Co. He afterwards became the pioneer of the 
 central part of Chautauqua county, and the founder of the village of Sinclair- 
 ville. He brought with him $6,000 or $7,000, a large sum for that day, 
 
26o HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 which he expended in purchasing lands, building mills, and making other im- 
 provements there. He was elected the first supervisor of Gerry, then com- 
 prising the present towns of Charlotte, Gerry, Cherry Creek, and Ellington, 
 and continued its supervisor for six years. He was a strong, resolute man, 
 of a commanding presence. His familiarity with frontier life; his integrity 
 and good judgment, made him a leading and influential citizen, and enabled 
 him to contribute much to the settlement in this part of the county. He 
 drew hither many early settlers, assisted them in selecting locations, in erect- 
 ing their log cabins, and starting them in their wilderness homes. He was 
 a Revolutionary pensioner. He died at Sinclairville, February 8, 1827. No 
 likeness has been preserved of him, and only one of his wife Fanny. 
 
 Mr. Sinclear was twice married. February 8, 1785, he married at Vassal- 
 borough, Maine, Sally Perkins, who was bom May 19, 1768, and died May 
 14, 1804. Their children were : r. Molly, born 1786, married Elijah Has- 
 well, and is deceased. 2. John, bom 1788, and died at Sinclairville in 1864. 
 3. Solomon, born 1789, and is deceased. 4. Sally, bom 1791; died 1792. 
 5. Sophy, bom in 1793; died in 1866. 6. Samuel, bom in 1794; deceased. 
 7. Sally, born in 1796; married Wm. Barras. 8. Richard, born in 1799 ; 
 deceased. 9. Saviuel, hoxr\.m 1801; died in Gerry, Oct. 2, 1848. Samuel 
 Sinclair, Jr., was many years the publisher of the New York Tribune. 
 10. Agnes, bom in 1803, is deceased. March 14, 1805, Major Sinclear 
 married Fanny, the widow of Obed Edson, at Eaton. She was bom April 
 7, 1777, in Colchester, Conn., and was one of twenty-one children. Her 
 father, Elisha Bigelow, was of Puritan descent, and a soldier of the Revolu- 
 tion. He removed, in 1793, firom Connecticut to Springfield, Otsego Co., 
 N. Y., where he purchased land of Judge Cooper, father of J. Fenimore 
 Cooper, where he resided until his death. Her mother, Thankful Bigelow, 
 died at Sinclairville in 1839, aged 97 years. Fanny married Obed Edson in 
 Otsego Co., and died at Sinclaii-ville January r2, 1852. Her husband, Obed 
 Edson, died in 1804. 
 
 The children of Fanny and Obed Edson were: i. Obed, bom in 1796, 
 at Richfield, Otsego Co., and came to Sinclairville in 1810. He was a mem- 
 ber of the legislature of Penn. ; a canal receiver at Johnston, Penn. ; a judge 
 in Warren Co., Penn., and also in Pulaski Co., 111., where he now resides. 
 2. John Milton, of Sinclairville. [See sketch, p. 258.] 3. Fanny Aurora, 
 bom in Eaton, 1803; married Horace Potter, and resides at Kankakee, 111. 
 
 The children of Fanny and Samuel Sinclear were: i. Nancy, bom in 
 Madison Co. in 1806, died in 1855. Her husband. Worthy Putnam, resides 
 at Berrien Springs, Mich. 2. David, bom in Madison Co. in 1807; now 
 resides at Sinclairville. 3. Joseph, bom in Madison Co. in 1809; died of 
 cholera in 1852, at Fort Wayne, Ind., where he resided. He had been clerk 
 of Allen Co. ; a member of the Indiana state senate ; and an agent of the U. S. 
 Government to remove the Indians west of the Mississippi river. 4. George, 
 bom at Sinclairville July 4, 181 r ; now resides in Gerry. 5. Orlinda, bom 
 in 1 81 3; married Charles Parker; died at Mayville m 1846. Her son 
 
CHARLOTTE. 261 
 
 David was the late marshal of Virginia. 6. Virtue, bom in 1816; married 
 Chester Cole, and resides in Hillsdale Co., Mich. 7. lliratn, born in 181 7; 
 died 1818. 
 
 Abraham Winsor was bom in Providence, R. I., Jan. 16, 1778, and was 
 married in 1802, to Sophia Bigelow, bom in Conn., Aug. i, 1783. He 
 appears on the Land Company's book as the original purchaser of the west 
 part of lot 33, tp. 4, r. 11, [now Charlotte,] in June, 1816. In a sketch of 
 the family, prepared by his son, Samuel B., he is said to have come to the 
 county in August, 18 10, and settled at Sinclairville, where his purchase was 
 made in June, 1816. That he was here prior to th6 latter date is evident 
 from the facts, that he held a commission, as lieut., under Lieut. Col. John 
 McMahan, as early as Feb., 181 2 ; and that he served in the war of 181 2 ; 
 being enrolled with the Chautauqua county militia. He was commissioned 
 as captain, April 6, 1815, and, in 1819, as brigade quarter-master under 
 Brigadier-Gen. John McMahan. Abraham Winsor had 7 children, besides 
 two who died in infancy; i. John W., married Clarinda, daughter of Heman 
 Bush. 2. Samuel B., who was married to Anna Sears. 3. Phebe, wife of 
 
 Woodley W. Chandler. 4. Abram, married to Marinda . 5. Thankful, 
 
 wife of Stephen Patch. 6. Anson P., who married Emeline Bowers. 7. Al- 
 onzo, who died in California. 
 
 Churches. 
 
 Prior to the organization of any religious society in Charlotte, it was visited 
 by early missionaries. The first meeting was held by Rev. John Spencer, 
 Oct. 22, 181 1, in the first log house built by Major Sinclear. He and Elder 
 Turner, a Baptist, often delivered a regular discourse to a single family. 
 
 The Methodist Episcopal Church was the first religious society in the town. 
 It had its origin, about the year 181 2, in a class organized at Charlotte Cen- 
 ter, and consisted of Judge Joel Burnell and seven others. William Brown 
 was their first minister. In 1851, they erected a house of worship at Sin- 
 clairville, where the church now numbers fifty members. The society erected, 
 the same year, at Charlotte Center, another church edifice. Rev. H. H. 
 Moore is the present pastor of these societies. 
 
 The First Baptist Church of Sinclairville was organized June. 2, 1826, by 
 Rev. Jonathan Wilson, its first pastor. John McAlister and eleven others 
 were its constituent members. In 1834, at a cost of $2,000, they erected 
 the first church edifice built in the towiL Rev. Mr. Morley is now its pastor. 
 
 The First Congregational Church of Sinclairville was formed July 22, 1831, 
 by Rev. Isaac Jones, of Mayville ; Rev. Timothy Stillman, of Dunkirk ; and 
 Rev. Obadiah C. Beardsley, of Charlotte, on the Presbyterian plan. It 
 consisted, at first, of 23 persons. April 30, 1842, it was changed from the 
 Presbyterian form, and organized as a Congregational Church, letters being 
 granted as the basis of the new organization to thirteen members. Septem- 
 ber 25, 1845, a house of worship which had that year been erected, was 
 publicly dedicated. Rev. Charles W. Carpenter was the first pastor. 
 
262 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 The First Universalist Society of Charlotte was organized August 26, 1850. 
 Rev. Wm. W. King was its first pastor. A house of worship was erected at 
 Charlotte Center in 1851. 
 
 The First Universalist Society of Sinclaitvilk was organized February 13, 
 1859 ; and a house of worship was erected at Sinclairville. Rev. Isaac 
 George was its pastor. 
 
 St. Paul's Church of the Cross (Catholic) of Sinclairville was organized in 
 1 87 1. Their house of worship is the church edifice erected by the Univer- 
 salist Society in Sinclairville, which was purchased in 1871. It is now under 
 the pastoral care of Rev. Father Alfrancis. 
 
 Societies. 
 
 Sylvan Lodge of Freemasons of Sinclairville was chartered about the year 
 1824. Samuel Sinclear was its first master. James Scofield, the grandfather 
 of Major-Gen. John M. Scofield, and Richard Stockton, were also masters. 
 Its first charter was given up after the anti-masonic excitement commenced. 
 It was rechartered June ri, 1853 ; and John M. Edson was its first master 
 under the new charter. Caleb J. Allen, Oscar Hale, W. W. Henderson, 
 Obed Edson, A. D. Tompkins, W. D. Forbush, A. P. Brunson, and John 
 H. Glark, were subsequent masters. 
 
 The Odd Fellows held regular meetings of their lodge during several years. 
 Elias S. Hedges was their first noble grand. 
 
 Sinclairville Division., No. 617, of the Sons of Temperance, was instituted 
 July 2, 1850, and continued to hold its meetings for several years. 
 
 CHAUTAUQUA. 
 
 Chautauqua was formed from the town of Batavia, April 11, 1804, and 
 embraced all the territory now included within the limits of Chautauqua 
 county, excepting the loth range of townships, which was added in the for- 
 mation of the county. Pomfret was taken off in 1808; [see Pomfi"et;] 
 Portland in 1813 ; Harmony in 1816 ; Clymer, Ellery and Stockton in 1821. 
 The town is irregular in form, and is partially divided by the lake. Its north- 
 em boundary runs nearly north-east and south-west, being about parallel 
 with the shore of Lake Erie, at a distance fi-om the Lake of about 5 miles. 
 It comprises nearly all the land in tp. 3, and the whole of tp. 4, in range 13; 
 and more than half of tp. 3, and a small portion of tp. 4, in range 14. A 
 small portion of tp. 3, in range 13, forms a part of Ellery, and one tier of 
 lots from tp. 4 has been annexed to Stockton. The town contains 41,147 
 acres of land. The surface is elevated and moderately hilly, occupying the 
 watershed between the waters of Chautauqua lake and Lake Erie. Its prin- 
 cipal streams are the inlet at the head of the lake ; another flowing into the 
 
CHAUTAUQUA. 263 
 
 lake near Dewittville, on the east side; Prendergasfs creek, which enters the 
 lake from the west near the south-east comer of the town ; and Chautauqua 
 creek, which forms about three-fourths of the west boundary of the town. 
 
 Original Purchases in the Town of Chautauqua. — Township j. Range ij — 
 
 West of the Lake. 
 
 1805. August, Jonathan Smith, 29. 
 
 1806. January, William Peacock, 29. In March, a large tract was taken 
 up by James Prendergast for his father, Wm. Prendergast, and his sons and 
 daughters, who settled on it the same year. [Lands elsewhere described.] 
 March, James Brown, 34. April, Paulus Pardee, 34. July, Henry Mott, 33. 
 
 1808. February, John Daggett, 34. April, Abraham Tupper, 28. 
 
 1809. September, Matthew Prendergast, 22. Susanna Whiteside, 22, 
 24. November, John J. Prendergast, 21, 23. Dec, Anselm Potter, 45. 
 
 181 1. November, Caleb Baker, 33. James Baker, 33. 
 
 1815. April, Henry Smith, 39. Samuel Porter, 42. September, Wm. 
 Prendergast, 26, 27, 31, 32. 
 
 1816. February, Martin Prendergast, 30. June, Benj. D. Lyon. 
 1818. July, Reuben D. Mallory, 33. William Hunt, 33. 
 1820. May, Elisha W. Young, 45. 
 
 1822. May, Samuel B. Wing. December, William S. Wing, 35. 
 
 1823. July, Charles Hill, 45. 
 
 1824. October, Ebenezer Kimball, 42. 
 
 Township j. Range ij — East of the Lake. 
 
 1805. June, Filer Sacket. September, Peter Bamhart, 18. 
 
 1806. May, Miles Scofield, 11. 
 
 1808. August, Thomas Smith, 19. 
 
 i8og. June, Walter G. Young, 16. Thomas Smith, 16. October, Jona- 
 than Freeman, 8. Philo Hopson, 8. 
 1814. September, Anson Leet, 17. 
 
 Township 4, Range ij — North Part of the Town. 
 
 1809. October, Philo Hopson, 27, 33. Lawton Richmond, 10, 19. 
 November, Wm. Dexter, 20. Darius Dexter, 20. John W. Winsor, 20. 
 
 1 8 10. April, Orrin Miles, 9. Rand Miles, 9. John West, 29. 
 
 181 1. June, Albigence Robinson, 3. August, Thomas Smith, 4. Octo- 
 ber, David Waterbury, i. 
 
 1816. April, William T. Howell, 41. 
 
 1 817. June, Nahum Parkhurst, 11. July, Fenn Deming, 37. December, 
 Zaccheus Hanchett, 28. 
 
 1825. January, Chauncey Burtch, 45. David P. Darrow, i8. June, 
 Norman Green, 50. 
 
 1829. September, Elkanah P. Stedman, 43. October, Allen Hurlbut, 23. 
 
 The west part of the town lying in township 3, range 14, was mostly set- 
 tled much later than other parts of the town. Only a small portion was 
 taken up before the year 1821. The following is a .partial list of original 
 and subsequent purchasers : 
 
 Township j, Ra?ige 14. — West of the Lake. 
 
 1810. March, Artemas Hearick, 6. April, Anselm Potter, 16. 
 
 18 18. December, Jacob Houghton, 7. 
 
264 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 1822. July, James B. Lowry, 22. November, Azariah Bickford, 29. 
 
 1824. July, Joseph Davis, 23. September, Dennis Hart, 17. Ava 
 Hart, 17. Wra. Bumell, 18. October, Palta Sweatland, 3. November, 
 John Tanner, Jr., 2. 
 
 1825. March, William Bishop, 26. April, John Jeffords, 12. October, 
 Isaac J. Whitney, 2. 
 
 1826. February, Joseph Stoddard, 19. Samuel Bullock, 18. March, 
 Joseph Wilmarth, 14. June, Daniel Hungerford, 10. July, Eri Picket, 28. 
 Aug., Benjamin Payne, 21. Sept, Asa Parks, 34. Oct., Henry Withe, 12. 
 
 1827. March, Jabez B. Burrows, 22. Jonathan Ballard, 22. Philo B. 
 Hall, 21. July, Zaccheus Hanchett and oth€;rs, 3. Samuel Northway and 
 others, 3. December, Anson Rowley, 19. 
 
 1828. July, Gideon Palmer, 34. September, Richard M. Harrison, 23. 
 1 83 1. May, Elisha W. Young and Thomas R. Treat, 38. 
 
 The first purchase of land in the present town of Chautauqua, entered on 
 the sales book of the Holland Land Company, was by Dr. Alexander Mc- 
 Intyre, who settled at the head of the lake. In August, 1805, Jonathan 
 Smith bought a part of lot 29, adjoining the lake, west side, and at an early 
 day took a deed of the same. He was never married, and kept "bachelor's 
 hall " during the remainder of his life. His character was marked by many 
 rare eccentricities. He died on the land on which he first settled. In 1806, 
 a large tract was purchased by the Prendergast family, on the west side of 
 the lake, as stated elsewhere, a large portion of which has since passed to 
 later settlers. 
 
 The following sketch of the removal of Wm. Prendergast and his family 
 from the East, and of their settlement in this county, is taken chiefly from 
 the notes of Judge Foote and from oral statements of members of the 
 family : 
 
 The father, four of his sons, Thomas, James, Jediah, and William, and 
 all of the five daughters, the sons-in-law, and grandchildren — in all, 29 per- 
 sons, including Tom, a slave — started from Pittstown, N. Y., in the spring 
 of 1805, for Tennessee. They had four canvas-covered wagons, the first two 
 drawn by four horses each, the second two by three horses each, and in the 
 rear was a two-horse barouche, for the older ladies. Never before had old 
 Renssalaer beheld a more imposing emigrant train, nor one in whom she had 
 a deeper interest. They were all people of moral worth and integrity, and 
 as the train moved along amid the familiar scenes of passing years, it was 
 constantly greeted with the heartfelt good-by — only properly understood by 
 those who say adieu to friends for the last time. Journeying through Eastern 
 Pennsylvania to Wheeling, now West Virginia, (some say to Pittsburgh, Pa.,) 
 they there purchased a flat boat, and put their effects on board, and floated 
 down to the falls of Ohio, [Louisville, Ky. ;] and thence, with their teams to 
 Duck river, or creek, near Nashville, Tennessee, their intended location. 
 James and Jediah had been there before. On their arrival there, they were 
 much dissatisfied with the country. Everything was strange. The dialect 
 of the people was a jargon highly tainted with the native tongue of the 
 African slave. The roads were mostly mere bridle paths, and frequently 
 
CHAUTAUQUA. 265 
 
 interrupted by the gates of the planters. Their houses and the huts of the 
 slaves were built without reference to the highways, but usually on some 
 small stream or near a spring of water. More than all these, the school- 
 house, the pride of the North, was seldom or never seen in the country; and, 
 with few exceptions, ignorance seemed the everlasting heritage of the people. 
 Under these circumstances, it was wisdom to pause and consider. Slavery 
 was extremely hateful to the entire company. These parents could never 
 consent to rear their families amid the darkness of ignorance and slavery. 
 
 The family, before starting, had pledged themselves to settle together; but 
 a majority declared they -would not settle there, but would return to the 
 North. Bemus, William, and some others, declared they would go back, 
 even if the rest remained. All finally turned back in their wagons, through 
 Kentucky, Ohio, and Western Pennsylvania, and arrived at Erie about the 
 last of September, 1805. Here they resolved to settle in Chautauqua. Wm. 
 Prendergast, Sr., had from the first desired to emigrate to Canada ; but his 
 sons were unwilling, choosing to remain in the States. Bemus and Thomas 
 Prendergast had, in 1804, been about Chautauqua lake, and were pleased 
 with the country; but Jediah had urged the family to go to Tennessee. 
 
 There being but few settlers in Chautauqua, and a lack of provisions, the 
 company went to Canada to winter, except Bemus and Thomas Prendergast, 
 who remained. Thomas bought of Josiah Famsworth, the land on which he 
 lived until his death, and lately occupied and still owned by the heirs of 
 his son, Stephen Prendergast, in Ripley. Wm. Bemus located on the east 
 side of Chautauqua lake, but lived, during the winter, in a log house near 
 Arthur Bell's, now in the town of Westfield. In March, 1806, James and 
 William, Jr., returned from Canada, through Batavia, where they contracted, 
 at the land-office, for a tract of land, for the family, on the west side of the 
 lake, erected a log house, and made other preparations for the family, who 
 returned in June, except Jediah, who, being a physician, remained and prac- 
 ticed his profession for several years, and returned to Chautauqua. James 
 and William, both unmarried, lived with their father until fall, when James, 
 not disposed to remain here, returned to Pittstown. Their money, of which, 
 they had a considerable amount, was in specie. They were what was in 
 those days considered wealthy. 
 
 The father was about 78 years of age when they left Pittstown, in 1805, 
 but was yet hale and healthy. He was a man of energy and perseverance, 
 and determined to keep his family together by emigration, as all would not 
 stay in Pittstown. "I had often," says Judge Foote, "heard Judge James 
 Prendergast speak of the tour here described; and in July, 1857, 1 called on 
 Col. William, the only surviving son, who related the journey to me ; and I 
 make this statement from the notes I took from his own lips : and it is 
 believed to be substantially correct. They were a clannish family, of similar 
 habits-r-industrious, frugal, plain livers, honest, and apparently agreed in 
 almost everything, and prosperous. Their society was, of choice, much 
 among themselves." 
 
266 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 When the family went to the South, Wm. Prendergast took with him a 
 pair of very fine horses and a handsome carriage, for which he was offered a 
 plantation of a thousand acres, but which he refused. He drove the horses 
 and carriage back from the South to Chautauqua. This was the first carriage 
 ever brought to this county, and probably the first in Western New York. 
 Probably no other early settler brought into the county a larger amount of 
 money. It was specie, and put up in boxes, which were in the bottom of a, 
 wagon. One day, whether on the way South, or on their return northward, 
 we are not informed, one man of the party, while walking leisurely behind 
 the train, luckily found, every few rods, a number of silver dollars, and called 
 the attention of the company to his good luck. It was soon discovered, that 
 one of the boxes containing their money had started its fastenings sufficiently 
 to allow the escape of a dollar or two nearly every time the wagon careened 
 at the obstructions in the road. 
 
 The lands bought by the Prendergast families comprised most of those 
 lying east of the two west tiers of lots of the township to the lake ; and 
 from the south line of the township, [3, range 13,] north to within 2 miles of 
 Mayville. From a plat of the township made from the Holland Land Com- 
 pany's surveys, the lands owned by them respectively were as follows : Wm. 
 Prendergast, Sr., parts of lots 26, 27 and 3r — 433 acres. The sons and 
 daughters : John J., [who never resided in this county,] lots 21 and 23 — 615 
 acres. Matthew, part of lot 22 — 270 acres. Martin, part of lot 30 — 220 
 acres. Elizabeth, part of lot 31 — 200 acres. Susanna, widow of Oliver 
 Whiteside, parts of lots 24 and 32 — 360 acres. Jediah, parts of lots 34 and 
 39 — 350 acres. William, Jr., owned and lived on the homestead of his 
 father, after his father's death. These lands amount, in the aggregate, to 
 3,110^ acres. Besides these, there is set to Wm. Prendergast, 2d, son of 
 Matthew, part of lot 25 — 227 acres, now owned by his son Martin. 
 
 In the south-east part of the town, in township 3, r. 13, Richard Whitney 
 was an early settler on lot 21, adjoining Harmony line and the lake, where 
 he died. He had 3 sons, Henry, Thomas, and Richard, who resides on the 
 old farm. Alonzo, son of Thomas, and Alexander H., son of Henry, reside 
 on the same lot. Norman H., son of Thomas, resides at Mayville. Thomas 
 was several years a justice of the peace. Richard had 6 sons : Clark, de- 
 ceased ; George, a physician at Jamestown ; Andrew, deceased ; William, 
 captain of the steamboat Col. Phillips ; Thomas, a physician at Frewsburgh. 
 
 Wm. Prendergast, son of Matthew, practiced medicine in Mayville and 
 Jamestown a number of years, and settled on lot 25, where his son Martin 
 resides. Jared Irwin settled on lot 25, the farm now owned by John, son of 
 Martin Prendergast. His sons, Edwin, George, and Matthew P., reside in 
 town. 
 
 Ichabod Wing settled about 1822 on lot 36, with a number of sons, of 
 whom Wm. S. subs^uently settled on the same lot, and Samuel B. on lot 
 35. Samuel and Ichabod, Jr., reside in the town. William Hunt settled in 
 1816 on lot 29. [See sketch.] David Morris settled on lot 38, where he 
 
CHAUTAUQUA. 267 
 
 died. His sons were : John B., in Ripley ; Lorenzo, a lawyer in Fredonia ; 
 Thomas and Edwin, deceased ; and Phineas J. Samuel Porter, on lot 42, 
 bought in 1815, where he resided until his death. A daughter married 
 Robert P. Hewes, and resides on the homestead. Ephraim Hammond set- 
 tled early on lot 44 ; removed to Mayville, where he died. A son, Thomas, 
 is of the firm of Warren & Hammond, proprietors of the Chautauqua Lake 
 Mills. Robert Lawson settled lately on lot 42. He has two sons : Sidney 
 R., dealer in boots and shoes, in Mayville, and the present supervisor of the 
 town ; and Joseph, on the farm. 
 
 In the south part of tp. 4, r. 14, on the west side of the lake, Alfred Pad- 
 dock was an early settler on lot i, tp. 4 ; the land now owned by his sons 
 Erie and Charles, and Ezra Smith. Daniel Adams settled on lot 2, where he 
 now resides. Robert Donaldson, on lot 3, r. 14 ; has two sons living with 
 him. Palta Sweatland also settled on lot 3 ; the land now owned by Jonas 
 A. Lathrop, Horace Sweatland, and Robert Donaldson. Dennis Hart and 
 Ava Hart, from Conn., settled on lot 17, on the south line of the town, where 
 they still reside. 
 
 Samuel Hustis settled on lot 25, adjoining the south line, where he now 
 resides. William Fowler settled on lot 35, adjoining the line of Westfield. 
 His widow and son reside on the farm. 
 
 In the south-west part of the town, Jacob Putnam, from Pawlet, Vt, about 
 1832, settled on Chautauqua creek, lot 36. He had a large family. Of his 
 sons, five came : Jacob, deceased ; Ransom, who died in the late war ; Amos 
 and John, residing in Chautauqua, the latter a builder in Mayville ; and 
 George W., who settled on the west side of the creek, in Westfield. Two of 
 his daughters have been successively married to Caleb Benson, on lot 44, in 
 Westfield, tp. 3, r. 14; the latter wife still living. 
 
 In the north part of this township, Joseph Davis settled on lot 23. He 
 had several sons, one of whom, Sanford Williams Davis, owns a part of the 
 farm. 
 
 East side of the lake, in tp. 3, r. 13, Peter Bamhart settled on lot 18, which 
 he bought in 1805. His sons Jonathan, Peter, and Henry, also settled in 
 the town. Peter, Jr.'s sons, William and Hiram, live at Hartfield; and 
 Henry W., another son, is in Michigan. Peter, Jr., had daughters, Elizan 
 and Malvina, both deceased. The father married, in 1813, Amy Waterbury, 
 the mother of these children, who died in 1824. After her death, he married 
 Sally Herrick, whose children are : Mary, Jackson, Royal, Maria, Warren, 
 Eliza, Arthur, and Alson ; nearly all of them living in Iowa. Mr. Bamhart 
 has lived with his present wife 51 years, and is now 87 years of age. 
 
 Nathan Cheney and his brother Daniel came to Chautauqua Co., with 
 their father, in 1807, and after a residence elsewhere in the county, they set- 
 tled on lot 13, tp. 3, r. 13. Daniel died there a few years ago. Nathan still 
 resides on his part of the land. [See family of Jonathan Cheney in History 
 of Harmony.] • 
 
 Darius Scofield settled early at Dewittville, where he resided until his 
 
268 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 death. His sons were : Seeley and Darius, both of whom have been justices 
 of the peace; Gleni W., of Warren, Pa.; is a lawyer, and has been for 
 several terms a representative in Congress ; Benjamin F., editor and post- 
 master at Painesville, O.; Timothy Bryant, a lawyer, and is connected with 
 railroad business. 
 
 John Mason came to Chautauqua early, and finally settled at Dewittville, 
 on the lot originally bought by Filer Sackett, in 1805, where he now resides. 
 He married Maria, daughter of Capt. Anson Leet. Their children are : 
 Arion, unmarried, with his father ; George, at Waterloo, la. ; Julia Ann, wife 
 of Simeon Brownell, EUery ;. and John, married, also with his father. 
 
 In the south-east part of township 4, range 13, John Miles, about i8ro, 
 with a large family, settled on lot 9, near the east line of the town. His 
 sons were : Rand, Orrin, Corey, Daniel, and Ammi, all of whom settled in 
 the neighborhood; only Daniel and Ammi are living, and reside in the town. 
 Arnon, another son, was killed by a log rolling over him. John, son of 
 Ammi, owns the homestead of his grandfather. 
 
 Philo Hopson, from Herkimer Co., settled about a mile north of Hart- 
 field, on land bought in 1809. His sons, Lyman, Linus, and Stephen, 
 settled and died in the township; Harry and Philo removed to the south 
 with their father. Philo, Sr., and Wm. Bateman early built a saw-mill at 
 Hartfield. Zaccheus Hanchett settled on lot 28. His son Ambrose lives 
 near Hartfield. Dexter Barnes, a noted axe-maker, settled early in Stockton ; 
 afteiVards removed to Hartfield, where he died. He had 3 sons : Hiram 
 and Perry, who reside in Mayville; and Loman, not living. 
 
 Darius Dexter, from Herkimer Co., came to this county in the spring of 
 1808, and took the job of Mr. EUicott, to cut and clear out a mile and a half 
 of the road from the head of Chautauqua lake through the village of Mayville 
 towards Westfield. He cut 6 rods wide and cleared 3' rods; and also cleared 
 oflf the Public Square. He returned to the East in the fall, and came back 
 the next spring, with a wife ; and, in the fall, purchased a part of lot 20, 
 tp. 4, r. 13, in the town of Chautauqua, about 4 miles north-east from May- 
 ville; other parts of the lot being taken by Wm. Dexter and John W. Winsor, 
 at the same time. Mr. Dexter served in the war of 181 2, under Capt. John 
 Silsby; and since the war attained the office of colonel. He removed to 
 Perry, Pike Co., 111. 
 
 The brothers of Darius Dexter were : John, William, Daniel, Winsor, 
 Otis, Samuel, George, and Stephen. All, it is believed, came to the county 
 with Darius in 1809, and within a few years after, Samuel articled lot 17, 
 tp. 4, r. 13, Sept., 1809. John and Darius each "booked" a village lot in 
 Mayville ; but it does not appear that they were paid for. John was an early 
 clerk of the county, which office he held, at different times, for 13 years. He 
 and Darius had a store and ashery at. Dewittville. They removed about 
 1830, to the east part of Jamestown, and built mills; the place taking the 
 name of Dexterville. John removed to Wisconsin; Darius to Illinois. He 
 served in the war of 18 12, and was at the battle of Black Rock. 
 
CHAUTAUQUA. 269 
 
 Jonathan Thompson came from Saratoga Co. to Mayville in 1810, and 
 was appointed, in 181 1, as one of the first associate judges of the county. 
 He removed, in 18 14, to the state of Pennsylvania, near the New York state 
 line, having bought John Meddock's farm, adjoining that of John Russell. 
 He died there of consumption, leaving a widow and a large family of children. 
 The widow was living in 1864; but nearly all of the children had died of the 
 same disease as that of their father. 
 
 The first town-meeting in Chautauqua was held at the Cross Roads, [now 
 Westfield,] April 2, 1805. The following are the names of officers elected : 
 
 Supervisor — John McMahan. Town Clerk — James Montgomery. Asses- 
 sors — James McMahan, Benj. Barrett, Wm. Alexander. Com'rs of High- 
 ways — Thomas McClintock, James Dunn, Arthur Bell. Co7istable — ^John 
 Lyon. Fence Viewer — James Perry. Overseers of Poor — ^Zattu Gushing, 
 Abraham Frederick. Foundmaster — David Kinkaid. Overseers of High- 
 ways — Orsamus Holmes, Peter Kane, Samuel Harrison. 
 
 The proceedings of the town-meeting in 1805, were rendered of no effect 
 by a mistake in the name of the town ; and the appointment of officers de- 
 volved upon three justices of the peace, who appointed the same persons to 
 the offices to which they had been elected, except Zattu Gushing, in whose 
 place Orsamus Holmes was appointed. Mr. Gushing was appointed as an 
 additional fence viewer. The mistake was in the spelling of the name of 
 the town, " Chataughque." A justice who resided beyond Buffalo came and 
 administered the oaths of office to the first town officers. Justices of the 
 peace were then appointed by a council of appointment, composed of a 
 senator from each of the four senate districts, and the governor. 
 
 In 1806, the town-meeting was held at Ganadaway, [now Fredonia.] The 
 following are the names of the persons elected : 
 
 Supervisor — John McMahan. Town Clerk — James Montgomery. Asses- 
 sors — William Alexander, John S. Bellows, Thomas Prendergast. Com'rs of 
 Highways — James Dunn, Abraham Frederick, Thomas McClintock. Collec- 
 tor — John Lyon. Constables — Abner Holmes, Andrew Spear. Found- 
 masters — Thomas McClintock, Abraham Frederick. Fence Viewers — David 
 Eason, George Whitehill, Basil Burgess. 
 
 Voted, that two pounds be erected, 24 feet square, 7 feet high ; fence 
 viewers to have the same compensation as constable, 6 pence for each mile, 
 and one shilling for each view ; a lawful fence to be made of good materials, 
 4j^ feet high, and for the height of 2 feet to be only 4 inches between rails 
 or logs. 
 
 In 18 14, was the first election of school officers under the act establishing 
 a scfiool system. John E. Marshall and Henry P. Sartwell were elected in- 
 spectors of common schools. It was voted to raise in the town double the 
 amount received fi-om the state fund. 
 
 In August following, the town of Chautauqua was divided into school 
 districts, by Abijah Bennett, Anselm Potter, and Reuben Slayton, com- 
 missioners. 
 
270 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 We find on the record the following " Certificate of Freedom :" 
 
 "Chautauqua, April 28, 18 14. To whom it may concern: This may 
 certify that Wm. Harris, of the county and town above mentioned, aged . 47 
 years, about 5 ft. 7 in. high, of a black complexion, bom of free parents in 
 the state of Rhode Island, town of Scituate, hath made before me such 
 proof of his fi-eedom, that I am fully convinced of his fireedom, as to the 
 pretense of any person to the contrary notwithstanding. 
 
 " Given under my hand, Matthew Prendergast, 
 
 " One of the judges of the court of common pleas of said county. 
 
 " Recorded April 29,1814. J. Dexter, town clerk." 
 
 Supervisors from 180J to 18'/^. 
 John McMahan, 1805-6-7. Arthur Bell, 1808. Thomas Prendergast, 
 1809, '14. Matthew Prendergast, 1810, '11. Samuel Ayres, 1812. John 
 Scott, 1813. John E. Marshall, 1814. Martin Prendergast, 181 5, 16, 1819 
 to 1833 — 17 years, [probably r8 years, the records of 1818 being missing.] 
 John Dexter, 1817. Jabez B. Burrows, 1834 to '36—3 years. Wm. Pren- 
 dergast, 1837 to '39. Alva Cottrell, 1840, '41, '46. Dexter Barnes, 1842. 
 Cyrus Underwood, 1843, '44. Wm. Green, 1845. Willard W. Crafts, 1847, 
 '48, '53. Martin Prendergast, son of Dr. William Prendergast, 1849, and 
 1861 to '64. Stephen W. Hunt, 1850, '51. Hiram A. Pratt, 1852. David 
 Woods, 1854, '55. John Birdsall, 1856, '57. Wm. Gifford, 1858, '59. 
 Milton G. Freeman, i860. Daniel H. Hughes, 1865. Wm. P. Whiteside, 
 1866. Matthew P. Bemus, 1867 to '72 — 5 years. John Birdsall, 1873, '74. 
 Sidney R. Lawson, 1875. 
 
 Biographical and Genealogical. 
 
 Matthew P. Bemus, a son of Charles Bemus, was bom in Ellery, Jan. 
 4, 1818. He came to Mayville in 1831, and served as clerk for Morris 
 Birdsall in the mercantile business. In connection with Robertson White- 
 side, he bought out the interest of Birdsall in the business ; and afterwards 
 sold out his interest to Whiteside. At the age of 22, he was appointed, by 
 the board of supervisors, county treasurer, and held the office by reappoint- 
 ment 7 years. In 1845, he was elected county clerk, in which office he 
 served from Jan, i, 1847, for the term of three years. For five successive 
 years, 1868 to 1872, he was member of assembly. About the year 1852, 
 he and Wm. P. Whiteside built the Chautauqua Mills, now the property of 
 Warren & Hamnjpnd. He took an active part in obtaining the grant for the 
 Qross Cut Railroad, and held at different times the offices of treasurer and 
 president of the company. He also built, and for a time kept, the Chau- 
 taaqua House. He was married to Elizabeth M. Walter, who wa%bom 
 April 9, 1822. They have three children : Robertson W., who Hferied 
 Mary Parkhurst ; Helen, wife of Dr. Reynolds Curtis ; Francis R., wife of 
 Silas W. Bond. All reside in Mayville. 
 
 John Birdsall, son of Morris Birdsall, was bom in Chenango Co., 
 N. Y. He studied law with his uncle, James Birdsall, at Norwich, and was, at 
 a very early age, admitted to practice. In 1826, then residing at Lockport, 
 
;/}'>23 
 
 roi 
 
 ■^ 
 
CHAUTAUQUA. 27 1 
 
 \ 
 he was appointed by Gov. De Witt Clinton circuit judge of the eighth dis- 
 trict. A year or two after, he was married to Ann Whiteside, and became a 
 resident of Mayville. In 1831, he represented this county in the assembly. 
 He represented this district in the senate in 1832 and 1833 j ^^'^ i*i 1834 he 
 resigned the office. His wife died in 1833 ; and in 1836 he was married to 
 Sarah Peacock. In 1837, he went to Texas, and was appointed chief justice 
 of that republic, by its president, Sam Houston, by whom also he was ap- 
 pointed attorney-general of the state, which position he occupied at the time 
 of his death, in 1839. His son John, now residing at Mayville, was bom 
 August 21, 1828 ; married, in 1855, Emeline P. Cottrell, and had 2 children, 
 William P. and Francis A. He married for his second wife, in i860, Sarah 
 M. Cottrell, and had, by her, 2 children, Anna W. and John C. 
 
 Jesse Brooks, from Windham Co., Conn., first to Albany, N. Y., and 
 thence to Madison Co., removed to Mayville, in 1824, and commenced the 
 mercantile business, in which he was engaged for several years. He was for 
 20 years a justice of the peace, and succeeded Jedediah Tracy as postmaster, 
 which ofRce he held, at different times, 20 years. His sons were : Asahel 
 Lyon, in 111.; Walter RoUin, residence, writer not informed ; Charles, in Can- 
 ada ; Ogden, in Wis.; and Merrett, in Bufialo. He has 2 daughters living • 
 Adalaide, wife of Morse Smith, lawyer, Danbury, Conn. ; and Emeline, wife 
 of Daniel Gamsey, Muskegon, Mich. 
 
 William Gifford, from Washington Co., settled in the south part of 
 EUery, in 1825, where he was engaged for a few years in farming and in 
 the lumbering business, and then removed to Busti. ■ A few years after, in 
 1833, he was appointed keeper of the poor-house, in which office he 
 continued 8 years; and in 1841 he removed to Mayville, where he now re- 
 sides. His sons are : Edson, who married, first, Martha Wing ; second, 
 Lydia Whipple ; third, [name not furnished.] He resides in Illinois. Horace, 
 who married Rhoda A. Stearns, and is the owner of the Gifford House, and 
 a partner in the cane-seat manufacturing business, in Jamestown ; George W., 
 who married C. Maria Farwell, and is a banker, in Mayville; Joseph C, who 
 married Rachel R. Messenger, and is a dentist, in Westfield ; and James, 
 who married Ann M. Preston, and died at Waterford, Erie Co., Pa. 
 
 William Green, a native of Springfield, Otsego Co., came in 1824, to 
 Mayville, where he still resides. He was for many years a clerk in the land- 
 office in this place, and had previously served in that capacity in the land- 
 offices in Batavia and EUicottville. He was subsequently admitted to the 
 practice of law, and has been a justice of the peace continuously to the 
 present time, during a period of 25 years. He had 8 sons, of whom 5 are 
 living. Franklin and George reside in town; Jefferson, in California; Otto, 
 in Washington ; and Anson W-, in North-east, Pa. , A daughter, Mary 
 Louisa, is the wife of Dr. Wm. Chase. 
 
 Omar Farwell, son of Samuel Farwell, was bom in 1799, at West- 
 minster, Vt., and was married in 1827, to Fanny Shepard, and came to May- 
 ville in 1828, bringing with him a stock of leather which he sold. He 
 
2/2 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 engaged in the tanning business, having rented a tannery of Adam Campbell, 
 in which he continued the business for two or three years. He soon after 
 erected a tannery for himself, and established a'store for the sale of its pro- 
 ducts. He died October i, 1872. He had 4 children : r. C. Maria, wife 
 of George Gifford, and resides at Mayville. 2. Frances C, who married 
 ChSrles Underwood, and died in December, 1874. 3. Jf. Louise, who 
 married Frank Green, and resides at Mayville. 4. Omar S., who married 
 Lizzie Ferguson, and lives at Mayville. 
 
 Oliver Hitchcock, from Washington Co., N. Y., came to Ripley in 
 1 8 14. In 1 81 6 he settled on the west side of the lake, near Fair Point, and 
 resided in the county until his death. He died in Ellicott in 1864. He 
 was for many years a member of the Methodist church, maintaining through- 
 out an exemplary Christian eharacter. He was married to Elvacinda Hunt, 
 daughter of Wm. Hunt. Their children were : i. Eunicy, who died at 7. 
 2. William, who married Maria Gosline ; resides in Ripley, and has 2 chil- 
 dren, Clementine J. and George W. 3. Emery R., who died at 4, by falling 
 into a cistern. 4. Corydon. [See History of Jamestown.] 
 
 William T. Howell, a native of New Haven, Conn., came from Greene 
 Co., N. Y., to Mayville in i8i6, and bought part of lot 41, tp, 4, r. 13, on 
 which he settled, one mile north-east from Mayville, where he /esided till his 
 death, Jan., 1872. His ancestors were among the first immigrants from 
 England. They resided for a time on Long Island, but removed to Con- 
 necticut, where Mr. Howell was bom, Feb. 11, 1788. He held the office of 
 coroner in this county. He was several times elected county superintendent 
 of the poor. [See Official Register.] He had 9 children, of whom 8 
 reached mature age. They were : Austin T., Arietta, Ann C, Antoinette 
 C., Angeline M., William T. A., James H., and Mary. All were married 
 except Angeline. Of the three sons, Austin T. resides in Westfield ; Wil- 
 liam and James, on the farm of their father. Of the daughters, Arietta, 
 who was married and is deceased ; Ann, wife of Cyrus Underwood ; Antoi- 
 nette, wife of John S. Bemus ; Mary, wife of James Griffith. The three 
 daughters living reside in EUery. 
 
 Willdvm Hunt, a native of Dutchess Co., remoVed from Washington Co. 
 to Chautauqua, and settled on lot 29, tp. 3, contiguous to the lake, where he 
 resided until he died in 1845, aged 77 years. His lands were those noM^ 
 owned and occuued by his sons, Stephen W. and James M. He had 9 
 ch^dren, all of wl^m attained mature age and had families, i. Elvacinda, 
 who married Oliver Hitchcock, (^ee Sketch.] 2. Eunicy, wife of Walter 
 C<snieU, both deceased. He had been a member of assembly from Washing- 
 tog Co. She died at MayvUle, aged 80. 3. Cornelius, who married Maria 
 Smith and had 5 children, of whom two only are living, Cornelius and Catha- 
 rine, both in Michigan. 4. Samuel, who married Mary Prendergast, and 
 difed in Ripley ; had 3 children, William, Maria, and Eliza ; both daughters 
 ' were successively the wives of Dr. Simeon Collins, of Ripley. William also 
 died there. Eliza only is living. 5. Abigail, who married Anson Hunt, 
 
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 Z^^irX ecA.^ <^ CC^l^-^t^JU^^ 
 
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 ^-v' 
 
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CHAUTAUQUA. 273 
 
 and had a daughter — all deceased. 6. Elzaide, wife of John Scott, a Metho- 
 dist preacher, who finally settled in Gerry, where both died. They had 5 
 children, of whom three are living, and reside in Gerry. 7. Stephen IV., who 
 married Martha Erwin ; their children are : Mary Jane, wife of Sidney R. 
 Lawson, present supervisor of this town ; and William, married, and resides 
 on the farm with his father. 8. Pamelia, who married Walter Loomis, of 
 Ripley. 9. James M., who married Rhoda Ann Hewes, and has two chil- 
 dren, J. Franklin and Antoinette, both at home, unmarried.' Mrs. Hunt died 
 in October, 1872. Stephen W. and James M,#nd their families dwelt with 
 their parents, in the same house ; and the sons continued together, enjoying 
 the property in common untU 1872, when they -amicably divided the estate. 
 
 Anson Leet, a native of Guilford, Conn., was born in 1777, and was a 
 descendant of William Leet, the first governor of the Connecticut colony, 
 commissioned by the king of England. The father of Anson Leet was 
 killed in the Revolutionary war. Anson, after his marriage, removed to 
 Herkimer Co.; thence to Stockton about 1810; and in 1814, he settled 
 permanently on lot 17, tp. 3, r. 13, on the east side of and near the lake, 
 where his son William resides, and where he resided till his death, June 25, 
 1843. He was married in Conn., in 1799, to Abigail Dudley, who was 
 born in 1780, and is stiU living at the age of 95. They had 1 1 children : i. 
 Jonathan £>., who married Lucy Hanchett, and resides in Westfield. 2.. 
 Simeon, who married Harriet Weed, and lives in EUery. 3. Timothy, who 
 married Cynthia Kennedy, and died Dec., 1836 ; his widow lives at Dewitt- 
 ville. 4. Lewis, who married Mary Thumb, and resides in Ellington. 5. 
 Eliza, wife of Nehemiah Herrick, in Jamestown. 6. Caroline, wife of Wm. 
 Vorce, of Westfield. 7. Maria, wife of John Mason, of Deysrittville. 8. 
 Franklin, who married, first, Sally Sumner; second, Louisa Jones ; lives near 
 the homestead, and has been for many years, and is at present, a justice of 
 the peace. 9. William, who resides on the homestead of his father, where 
 he was born June 24, 1818. He was married, first, to Eliza Strang, who had 
 a son, Anson G., who lives in Portland ; married, second, Harriet Belden, 
 who has 2 sons and 2 daughters. He was elected County treasurer, in 1859, 
 and served the constitutional term of three years. 10. Mary, who married 
 Henry W. Bamhart, Kalamazoo, Mich. 11. Julia Ann, who died in 
 infancy. 
 
 Morrow B. Lowry was born in Mayville, March 6, 1813. He was a 
 son of Morrow Lowry, whose mother, with her two sons, emigrated to 
 America from the north of Ireland, in 1787. At the age of three, the father 
 of Morrow B. removed to near Meadville, Pa. Here, where the country was 
 then new and educational advantages limited, the son received all the school 
 instruction he ever enjoyed. After the death of his mother, he was put to a 
 trade; but not liking it, he engaged as clerk for his cousin, Hugh W. Lowry, 
 of North-east. A few years after, he went to Bufialo, where, through the 
 kindness of Mr. Rathbun, he obtained employment. At the age of 19, aided 
 by friends whose confidence he had gained, he returned to Crawford Co., 
 18 
 
2/4 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 Pa., with a very large stock of goods, and located at Powerstown, [now Con- 
 neautville,] where he laid the foundation of a successful business. Mr. 
 Lowry took a lively interest in political affairs. He represented his county 
 in state conventions. In 1841, he was elected by the democratic party to 
 the legislature; and was elected for a second term. He was active in the 
 effort to settle the still disputed land claims of the early settlers, and in pass- 
 ing a bill to abolish the Nicholson court; also in aiding to secure the com- 
 pletion of the Erie Extension canal, and the payment of the domestic credi- 
 tors of the state. In 1851, he removed to Erie, where he was engaged in 
 active business until the fail of 1859. 
 
 Mr. Lowr/s antislavery- principles made him an early supporter of the 
 "Wilmot proviso;" and his sympathies were naturally awakened in behalf of 
 the cause of freedom in Kansas ; and he went to Virginia to visit his friend 
 John Brown, in prison. In 1861, he was elected to represent Erie and Craw- 
 ford counties in the state senate, and was, by reelections, continued in that 
 office for 9 years. He was a firm supporter of the republican party and of 
 the administration in its efforts to quell the rebellion; though he afterwards 
 differed from most of his coadjutors upon the question of reconstruction, and 
 other measures of the republican party. During the last year of his senatorial 
 term, he was stricken with paralysis, from which he has never fully recovered." 
 He was married in Tompkins Co., to Sarah Ann Fletcher, May 12, 1834. 
 
 Dr. John Ellis Marshall, the only child of Thomas and Sarah Edgerton 
 Marshall, was bom- in Norwich, Conn., March 18, 1785. His mother dying 
 in his infancy, he was adopted by Daniel Ellis, of Franklin, Conn., and 
 educated by him as his son. He was lineally descended firom Wm. Hyde, 
 John Post, Richard Eklgerton, and Francis Griswold, four of the original pro- 
 prietors of Norwich. He was a pupil of the Rev. Samuel Nott, of Franklin, 
 having as fellow-students, Eliphalet Nott, subsequently president of Union 
 College, and John Tracy, afterwards lieut. -governor of this state. At the age 
 of twenty, he commenced the study of medicine with Dr. Philemon Tracy, of 
 Norwich, under whose careful instruction he enjoyed peculiar advantages; 
 and he attributed to Dr. Tracy's assistance and teachings, much of the suc- 
 cess he attained in his profession. According to the testimony of a fellow- 
 student, since a distinguished physician in Ohio, young Marshall was thorough 
 in his medical studies, was gifted with a sound judgment and a discriminating 
 mind; and, by his diligent applicarion to study, he laid broad and deep the 
 foundation for his future eminence. He was licensed to practice by the 
 Connecticut Medical Society the 3d day of August, 1808; and soon after left 
 for the West, and took up his residence in Oxford, N. Y., where he opened 
 his first office. Not satisfied with his location, he removed in October, the 
 next year, to Mayville, where he practiced his profession, for several years, 
 with marked success. 
 
 On the 9th of February, 181 1, he was commissioned by Gov. Tompkins 
 as clerk of Chautauqua county at the time of its organizarion. On the 20th 
 of September, 18 10, he married Ruth Holmes, daughter of Orsamus Holmes, 
 
O//'^/ 1 
 
 -O"- tjJ>ZO 
 
CHAUTAUQUA. 275 
 
 of Sheridan. Mrs. Marshall is still living at the age of 85, and resides with 
 her son, O. H. Marshall, of Buffalo. On the 15th of April, 1812, Dr. 
 Marshall was appointed surgeon to the second regiment of the New York 
 state militia. On the 20th of December, 1813, he was ordered to join his 
 regiment at Buffalo, and served five months on the Niagara frontier, when 
 his regiment was disbanded. He again took the field on the ist of August, 
 
 1814, his regiment being encamped near Buffalo, where he remained during 
 the remainder of the season. The fevers, diarrhoeas, and other diseases 
 which prevailed in the army, crowded the hospitals, and devolved upon Dr. 
 Marshall, as senior surgeon, arduous and responsible duties. His cares, ex- 
 posures, and fatigue, seriously impaired his health, and rendered him an in- 
 valid during the remainder of his life. 
 
 After the close of the war, Dr. Marshall continued the practice of his pro- 
 fession, and to discharge the duties of county clerk in Mayville, until March, 
 
 1815, when he sought a more promising field for professional labor in the 
 then rising village of Buffalo. He soon took the front rank among his pro- 
 fessional brethren, and acquired a solid reputation as a physician and surgeon. 
 On the zd of March, 1819, he was commissioned by Gov. Clinton, as clerk 
 of Niagara county, which then embraced the present counties pf Erie and 
 Niagara, the duties of which he discharged until February 17, i82r. On the 
 27th of March, 1819, he was appointed, by Gov. Clinton, assistant hospital 
 surgeon of the sth brigade of New York state infantry, and reappointed to 
 the same position by the same governor, July 12, 1826. He subsequently 
 received the honorary appointments as a corresponding Fellow of the Medi- 
 cine and Philosophical Society of New York city, and as an honorary mem- 
 ber of the Medical Society of Geneva College. For many years he was a 
 member of the masonic fraternity, and, in 18 19, rose to mark master mason. 
 
 During the prevalence of the cholera, in 1832, when Buffalo was particu- 
 larly exposed to its invasion, and when little was known of its treatment. Dr. 
 Marshall was appointed health physician by the common council of the 
 city. The' duties of this position were of the most arduous and responsible 
 character. No vessels or canal boats were permitted to enter the city, with- 
 out the certificate of the health physician. Those approaching in the night 
 were detained until daylight at the mouth of Buffalo creek, or in Black Rock 
 harbor. This required his attendance at these ports at daybreak. These 
 fatiguing duties were performed with great efficiency, in addition to his large 
 private practice, which left him scarcely an opportunity for rest. 
 
 While in the full vigor of his intellect, in the midst of a wide and success- 
 ful practice. Dr. Marshall was attacked with pleurisy, on Saturday, the 2 2d 
 of December, 1838, and after a severe illness, died on the following Thurs- 
 day. His medical brethren paid a just tribute to his professional talents and 
 worth, and respect for his memory; and the Rev. Dr. Hopkins, pastor of 
 the First Presbyterian church, of which Dr. Marshall had long been a ruling 
 elder, preached to a crowded audience, his funeral sermon, in which his 
 exemplary life and Christian virtues were eloquently portrayed. 
 
276 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 Donald McKenzie was among the most prominent citizens of Chautau- 
 qua county. He became a citizen, not by the " accident of birth," but of 
 his own choice ; renouncing all other allegiance, he made this. Our Country, 
 his ; and on its altars swore fidelity to its constitution and laws, and ever kept 
 that oath inviolate. He was bom in Scotland, June 16, 1783, and his ancestry 
 was among the noblest in the kingdom. We have before us his lineage traced 
 back through lairds, sirs, baronets, and earls, for many generations. The 
 tombstone of a remote ancestor is yet standing, bearing an inscription in 
 Gaelic or Irish characters, which, translated into English, is : Here lies Mur- 
 dock McKenzie, son of the Baron of Kentail, who died on the twelfth of 
 January, MCCCLXXXI, [1381.] 
 
 In March, 1801, before he had attained his majority, Donald McKenzie 
 left his Scottish home and went to Canada, where he had relatives living, and 
 was there engaged for eight years in the fur trade with the North-west Fur 
 Company. In 1809, he became one of John Jacob Astor's partners in the 
 fur trade he was then establishing at the mouth of the Columbia river, on 
 the Pacific. Mr. McKenzie, Wilson P. Hunt and party took the overland 
 route from St. Louis to that point, where Mr. McKenzie remained until after 
 the war with England in 181 2, and the treacherous surrender of the post by 
 Mc'Dougall. By his influence everything possible was saved to the Company 
 and converted into money. Having obtained, through his Canadian rela- 
 tives, a pass through the then hostile territory of Canada, he conveyed his 
 treasures safely through the long and savage wilderness, and by way of 
 Canada to New York, and delivered them in person to Mr. Astor. After 
 this he exerted himself to secure for the United States the exclusive trade of 
 Oregon and the territories bordering on the Pacific ; but after a long negoti- 
 ation, through Mr. Astor, with Madison, Gallatin, etc., it was abandoned. 
 
 In March, 182 1, he joined the Hudson's Bay Company, and was appointed 
 one of the council and chief factor, and had his headquarters at Fort Garry, 
 in the Red river settlement Here, on the i8th of August, 1825, he married 
 Adelgonda Humbert Droz, whose father, Alphonso Humbert Droz, had lately 
 arrived in the settlement with his family, from the canton Berne in Switzer- 
 land, specially commended to the friendly offices of Count Selkirk, the prin- 
 cipal personage of the settlement Soon after his marriage, Mr. McKenzie 
 was appointed governor of the Hudson's Bay Company by the British crown, 
 and retained that position until he left Fort Garry in 1832. In 1833, he 
 came to Mayville, where he lived until his death, on the 20th of January, 
 1851. His widow and a large family of children survive him. 
 
 Though revered and honored by all whose esteem was desirable, yet envy, 
 like death, " loves a shining mark ;" and out of the transactions at the mouth 
 of the Columbia, he was assailed by a few who charged him with infidelity 
 to Mr. Astor's interest. But Mr. Astor's letters to him show that he retained 
 Mr. Astor's undiminished confidence. Sir Alexander Ross, in his pubhshed 
 works, and also in his private letters to the widow of Mr. McKenzie, nobly and 
 effectually vindicates his good name, fidelity, and honor. Mr. McKenzie's 
 
3^/a^;^. 
 
 ^r^^^S^ 
 
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CHAUTAUQUA. 277 
 
 V 
 
 intellect was of a high order, his perception clear, his conclusions just ; and 
 he was seldom mistaken in his judgment of men or things. His life was a 
 continued romance, full of startling adventures, bold deeds, deadly perils, 
 and narrow escapes, the narration of which would fill volumes, and greatly 
 exceed our allotted sphere. 
 
 Mr. McKenzie had 6 sons and 7 daughters, all living, except a daughter, 
 who died in childhood. 
 
 William A. Mayborne, son of William Maybome, was bom in England, 
 Dec. 18, 181 2, and emigrated with his father to this country in 1824. He 
 remained in the city of New York, at school, for two years, and then joined 
 his father's family in Sherman, Chautauqua county. He was married, in 
 1835, to Mary Willing; and after a year's residence in Mina, he removed 
 to Mayville, where he still resides. He was for years — from 1864 to 1873 — 
 county superintendent of the poor, and is at present United States postal 
 agent on the Lake Shore & Michigan Southern Railroad. His children 
 were : Helen, who died in 1862, aged 25 ; Elizabeth A., who died in in- 
 fancy ; and William Henry, who resides near Mayville. 
 
 Thomas A. Osborne was bom at Hoosick Falls, N. Y., July i, 1800, 
 and removed in 1821 from Troy to Fredonia; thence, in May, 1822, to 
 Mayville, where he still resides. He was for several years a law partner of 
 Jacob Houghton, at Fredonia and Mayville ; and afterward a partner, suc- 
 cessively, of John Birdsall and George A. Green. He was from 1827 to 
 1830, inclusive, clerk of the board of supervisors; a member of assembly in 
 1834 ; and first judge of the court of common pleas in 1843 and 1844. He 
 was deputy collector of customs in New York, under Greene C. Bronson and 
 Heman J. Redfield, successively, during the administration of President 
 Pierce. In 1834, Mr. Osborne, Wm. Smith, and Samuel S. Whallon, estab- 
 lished the Mayville Sentinel. About one year afterward, it was sold to 
 Beman Brockway. Mr. Osborae was its editor from its commencement un- 
 til 1836, after the destruction of the land-office. In 1849, he purchased for 
 his son, an equal interest in the Frontier Express at Fredonia, and furnished 
 the editorial matter of the paper until after his son's death. In 1850, he sold 
 his interest to E. F. Foster, and its name was changed to Chautauqua Union. 
 Mr. Osborne was married, first, in Sheridan, to Mary Walters, of Sangerfield, 
 N. Y., by whom he had 2 children : i. Gustavus A., bom May 25, 182- 
 and died May 11, 1850. 2. Mary IV., bom Dec. 30, 1833, and died in 
 Kingsville, S. C., May 5, 184-. After the death of Mrs. Osborne, he mar- 
 ried, in Chautauqua, Eliza J. Huston, of Greenfield, Saratoga Co., who had 
 no children. And after her decease, he married Mary Derby, of Mayville, 
 
 widow of Godard, by whom he had a son, Albert Buel, born April 30, 
 
 1866, who is still living. 
 
 William Peacock was bom in Pennsylvania, Feb. 22, 1780, and removed 
 to Lyons, N. Y., and thence to Batavia about 1800, where he engaged as 
 surveyor for Joseph EUicott, agent of the Holland Land Company. After 
 having served the Company as clerk and surveyor, at Batavia, and surveyed 
 
278 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 tract of 40,000 acres on the Genesee river, he laid out and surveyed the 
 site for the present city of Buffalo and other places ; and subsequently sur- 
 veyed the lands in Mayville and vicinity, and the village of Ellicottville. In 
 1810, he commenced his agency, at Mayville, for the Holland Company, 
 which agency he held until the Company sold out its unsold lands, in 1836. 
 After the county had become fully organized, he was appointed by the board 
 of supervisors treasurer of the county. He was also early appointed an 
 associate judge of the county court. He was married to Alice Evans, a 
 niece of Joseph EUicott, who died, April 19, 1859, aged 79. They had no 
 children. Judge Peacock still resides at Mayville, at the advanced age of 
 nearly 96 years. 
 
 John F. Phelps, the second son of Dan and Polly Phelps, was born in 
 Reading, Schuyler Co., N. Y., Feb. 27, 1819. He is a descendant of Wil- 
 liam Phelps, a native of Exeter, England, born in 1 600, and came to America 
 in 1630, landing at Boston. His maternal ancestors, too, were from England 
 in the 17th century. His parents settled in Ripley in 1827. He came to 
 Mayville as an apprentice to the printer's trade, in July, 1837, under Beman 
 Brockw^jii', publisher of the Mayville Sentinel. After his apprenticeship, and 
 after working as a journeyman at various places, and teaching school a year, 
 he returned to MajrviUe in 1842, and was again employed by Mr. Brockway. 
 In April, 1844, he purchased the establishment, and has since been sole pro- 
 prietor and editor of the paper. In August, 1843, he was married to Julia 
 A. Walter, seconil- daughter of Sheldon and Elizabeth Walter, who was born 
 in Sangerfield, Oneida Co., July 28, 1823. Their children were : Walter S., 
 who died in JcStig^ aged 21 ; John O., who resides at San Francisco, where 
 he married Chariot Je, Hester, only daughter of Judge Hester, of San Jose, 
 and is deputy; cqpJper of San Francisco ; Frank C., who lives with his father; 
 and Julia, who 4|?djApril 3, 1874, at the age of 12. 
 
 Anselm P<n?i5^R^§0n of Gen. Daniel Pottgr, was bom at Plyrfouth, Conn., 
 Nov. 20, 1786.'- H&. entered Yale College at 17; but having, by close at- 
 tention to study, become partially deranged, he did not complete his college 
 course. He afterwards commenced the study of law in New Haven, and 
 completed it at Litchfield, in the law school of Judge Reeve. He came to 
 Mayville about 181 1, being one of the earliest lawyers in the county, and re- 
 sided there until his death. His remains were subsequently carried to 
 Logansport, Ind., whither his family had gone to reside. Also those of his 
 eldest daughter, who had died at Mayville, were taken to the same place. 
 Mr. Potter had the reputation of an upright man, and was generally esteemed. 
 He became a member of the Presbyterian church at Mayville at about the 
 time of its formation. 
 
 William Prendergast, Sr., was bom in the city of Waterford, Ireland, 
 Feb. 2, 1727. He was a son of Thomas and Mary Prendergast. The 
 brothers of Thomas were : James, Richard, and Jeffrey. William came to 
 America when a youth, and settled in Pawling, Dutchess Co., N. Y., where 
 he was married to Mehetabel, daughter of Jedediah and Elizabeth Wing, of 
 
r/ ([r ^v.^vv^ € L^^'^ t^-^ ' -- 
 
 / 
 
6/ 
 
 C6y ij ^/?7oi:i-''cf-'t 
 
CHAUTAUQUA. 279 
 
 Beekman, N. Y., who was bom March 20, 1738. Mr. Prendergast died at 
 his residence in Chautauqua, Feb. 14, tSii. His wife died Sept. 4, 1812. 
 Their children were: i. Matthew; [see sketch.] 2. Thomas; [see history 
 of Ripley.] 3. Mary, wife of Wm. Bemus, of EUery; [see history of EUery.] 
 4. Elizabeth, who died unmarried, Aug. 30, 1824. 5. James; [see history of 
 Jamestown.] 6. Jediah; [see sketch.] 7. Martin; [see sketch.] 8. John 
 Jeffrey, who settled in Herkimer Co. ; and was never a resident of this 
 county; was a state senator from 1814 to 1818; removed to Brooklyn. He 
 had two sons: William, who died in youth; and Hon. Martin Prendergast, 
 who recently died at hiffhome on Long Island — the last of the family. 
 9, Susanna, who was married to Oliver Whiteside, who died before her re- 
 moval to this county. They had 3 children : Martha, who married Willard 
 Crafts, and removed from the county ; Ann, who married Hon. John Birdsall, 
 judge of the 8th judicial district, and had a son, John Birdsall, now residing 
 in Mayville; and one who died in infancy. 10. Eleanor, who died at 13. 
 II. 3/ar//^a, who died, unmarried, December 9, 1849, aged 74. 12. William, 
 who was a major in the war of 1812. He was promoted to the office of 
 colonel, and commanded a regiment at the battle of Black Rock. Riding in 
 front of his regiment, mounted on a white horse, which rendered him very 
 conspicuous, the British, supposing him to be the general in command, fired 
 at him by platoons. He fearlessly passed the gauntlet in safety ; though his 
 horse was shot in several places and mortally wounded ; and a number of 
 bullets passed through- the cloak and hat of the colonel, and one cut away 
 the knot of his cravat. He was married in Chautauqua county to Deborah 
 Weed, and had a son who died in infancy. 13. Minerva, who was married 
 to Elisha Marvin, of North-east, Pa., and had 2 children: William E.,'in 
 North-east; and Elizabeth, unmarried, who lived with him, and died recently. 
 Matthew Prendergast, eldest son of William Prendergast, Sr., was bom 
 in Pawling, N. Y., Aug. 5, 1756, and was married to "Abigail Akin. They 
 removed to Chautauqua in 1807, on the west side of the lake, about 6 miles 
 below Mayville, where now Edw. Stevens resides. Mr. Prendergast was the 
 first supervisor of the town of Chautauqua after the county was fully or- 
 ganized, in 18 [T, Pomfret having been' taken from Chautauqua in 1808, of 
 which town Philo Orton was supervisor. He was 60 years of age before he 
 emigrated from Pittstown to this county. He was infirm from rheumatism, 
 and walked with a staff. He retained his Revolutionary costume, and wore 
 long hair tied in a cue with a leather string; was a man of integrity and sound 
 judgment, and made a good officer. He was appointed a justice of the 
 peace in 1808; served many years as an associate judge of the county, and 
 died at his pioneer residence, Feb. 24, 1838, aged 83 years. His children 
 were : i. William, born in Pawling, and came with his father to Chautau- 
 qua in 1807 ; and, in the fall of the same year, went to Thorold, in Canada, 
 to study medicine with his uncle Jediah, and was with him 4 years, and re- 
 turned to Chautauqua in 1811. In 1815, he married Elizabeth, daughter of 
 Martin Prendergast ; lived in Mayville about two years, and removed to 
 
28o HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 Jamestown ; and in 1820 to his farm on the west side of the lake. In April, 
 1836, he removed to Mayville, and in 184 1 returned to his farm, where he 
 resided until March 11, 1857, when he died of apoplexy. 2. James, who 
 lived and died on his father's homestead, and whose son Maurice also died 
 there ; the farm now in possession of Edw. Stevens, as above stated. 
 3. Lilleus, a daughter, the wife of Jared Irvine ; both deceased. 
 
 Jediah Prendergast, fourth son of William, Sr., was bom in Pawling, 
 N. Y., May 13, 1766, and was married to Penelope Chase, who was bom in 
 South Kingston, R. I., Dec. 22, 1774. He was one of the company that 
 made the tour from Pittstown, N. Y., to TennaBsee, and thence north to 
 Chautauqua, and one of those who went from Ripley to Canada to winter, 
 where provisions were more plentiful. He did not return with the rest; but, 
 being a physician, remained there to practice his profession. In 18 11, he 
 left Canada, and settled at Mayville, where he commenced the mercantile 
 business, in partnership with his brother Martin, in the fall of )8ii. In 
 1813, they established a branch store on the Chautauqua outlet, at the 
 " Rapids," now Jamestown. Both stores were continued many years. 
 Jediah also bought land [350 acres] on the west side of the lake, 2 or 3 
 miles below Mayville. [See p. 266.] In 1817, he was a candidate for the 
 senate. One senator was to be elected for the full term of four years, and 
 one for only one year to fill a vacancy. By the then existing law, the person 
 having the highest number of votes was elected for the longest term. Isaac 
 Wilson, of Genesee Co., was a candidate, it is beUeved, of the same party, 
 and both were elected on the same ticket. But Wilson claimed the seat for 
 the long term. Prendergast contested the claim on the ground that gr votes 
 hkd been given for Jedediah and ro for Jed. Prendergast, which were 
 intended for Jediah "Prendergast Counting these, he had a majority of 
 nearly 100. The committee on elections reported in favor of Prendergast; 
 but the committee of the whole negatived the report ; and Wilson took the 
 seat for the full term. He also represented the county in the assembly in 
 the years 1816 and 1817, and again in 1820 and 1821. At the time he rep- 
 resented what was then called the Westem Senate District, his brother, John 
 J., of Herkimer Co., was a senator from the Middle District. Dr. Jediah 
 Prendergast was a man of varied accomplishments, a scientific scholar, and 
 numbered Martin Van Buren, De Witt Clinton and Peter R. Livingston 
 among his friends. He died March i, 1848. His wife, Penelope Chase, 
 died while on a visit to her son-in-law, Hon. Hamilton Merritt, at St. Catha- 
 rines, Canada, Feb. i, 1845. 
 
 Martin Prendergast, fifth son of William, Sr., was bom in Pawling, 
 Dutchess Co., N. Y., April 22, 1769; came from Pittstown to Chautauqua 
 in 1807, and settled near his father and others of the family, on the west side 
 of the lake. He married, in Pittstown, Martha Hunt, who was bom April 
 14, 1774. He commenced merchandising with his brother Jediah, at May- 
 ville, in 181 1, and, in 1813, opened another store at Jamestown, both of 
 which were continued many years. He was elected supervisor of the town 
 
^tJi- li^-/. 
 
 7' -r- .--^10 c-< '^ "^ '' 
 
CHAUTAUQUA. 28 1 
 
 of Chautauqua in 1815, and continued in that office by reelections till 1833 
 inclusive, except 18 17, and perhaps 1818, (the records of the latter year 
 being probably lost ;) having served 17 or 18 years. It has been said of 
 him that he "carefully watched the public expenditures, was an estimable 
 man, and a rigid economist." He was an associate judge of Niagara county 
 when Chautauqua remained annexed to Niagara for judicial and other pur- 
 poses. He died June 21, 1835, aged 66; his wife, Dec. 30, 1831, aged 
 nearly 58. They had 2 daughters : i. Elizabeth, the wife of Dr. Wm. Pren- 
 dergast, son of Matthew. [See sketch of Dr. P.] 2. Maria, who married 
 Robertson Whiteside, and had 2 sons: Wm. P.,, who resides in Mayville ; 
 and Martin, who lives in Illinois. 
 
 John R. Robertson was the son of George Robertson, of Scotch descent, 
 who came from Cazenovia, Madison Co., N. Y., to Sheridan in 1825, and 
 removed, in 1827, to Jamestown, where John R. was born Dec. 18, 1833. 
 In 1838, the family removed to Crawford Co., Pa., where he was educated at 
 "Aunt Mary's School." In 1843, the family returned to this county, and 
 settled in Busti, where, at the age of 14, he engaged as a clerk in the store 
 of V. C. Clark. After a clerkship of five years, he became a partner, and 
 continued as such for 2 years. In 1855, he associated with Emri Davis, and 
 was in trade with him 2 years ; and thereafter alone until 1870, when he was 
 elected county clerk. After the expiration of his official term, he purchased 
 the Mayville House, of which he is still proprietor. He was married in 
 1855 to Evolin B. Brown, and has 2 children living, Blanche L., aged 16; 
 and Halcon L., aged 7 years. 
 
 Milton Smith came to Mayville from Delanti. His father, fi-om Frank- 
 lin Co., Mass., settled in Stockton, in 18 17, and subsequently removed to 
 the village [Delanti,] where he died in 1867. Milton, while in Stockton, was 
 for six successive years elected supervisor; and in 1854 was elected sheriff 
 of Ae county, and removed to Mayville, where he has since resided. He 
 has also held the office of collector of internal revenue in the district com- 
 posed of Chautauqua and Cattaraugus counties. He w^as married to Jane 
 C. Woodward. They have 2 sons : Edgar F., who is married, and resides at 
 Brocton ; and Lewis M., also married, lives with his father. They have 3 
 daughters : Eunice, at home ; Isabella L., wife of George W. Lawton, in 
 Mich. ; and Rosetta, wife of Thomas D. Hammond, Mayville. 
 
 Waterman Tinkcom, from Saratoga Co., settled in Mayville, in 18 10, 
 and has resided there to the present time. He is 81 years of age, and is 
 said to be, with one exception, the oldest resident of the village. Of his 4 
 sons, two, Samuel E. and Charles A., reside in town. Daughters : Mary 
 Jane was married to Wm. Ward, Mayville; Harriet A., to Philip White; 
 Minerva C, to Robert B. McDonald, Titusville. 
 
 Jedediah Tracy was bom in Richmond, Berkshire Co., Massachusetts, 
 Jan. 2, 1777. Soon after attaining his majority, he settled, in April, 1799, 
 near Colt's Station, Erie Co., Pa. In December, 1804, he returned to Mass., 
 and was married to Polly Royce, of Lanesborough. They resided in Erie 
 
282 HISTORV OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 until 1815, when they removed to Mayville, where they spent the remainder 
 of their days. He soon opened there a pubUc house which he kept for 
 many years, and which became perhaps the most widely known and popular 
 house in the county. In April, 18 19, he was appointed postmaster, and held 
 the office until April, 1837, when he resigned. His promptitude and accu- 
 racy in the discharge of his official duties were so appreciated by the depart- 
 ment, that he was commissioned to investigate charges, settle defalcations, 
 and make changes at his discretion. He was for many years overseer of the 
 poor. On the organization of St. Paul's church, in Mayville, in April, 1823, 
 he was chosen as vestrymjin, and served as such until April, 1843, when he 
 resigned. He was for several years employed by the Holland Land Company 
 as their agent to visit the different towns to examine and appraise the cattle 
 taken by the Company on contracts ; and took them in droves to Philadel- 
 phia. In the obituary notice of his death it is remarked : " His life was one 
 of usefulness and honor, ever making friends, and having made them, ever 
 retaining them." Of his ten children, three sons and two daughters still sur- 
 vive to cherish his memory and imitate his example. The children of Mr. 
 Tracy were : i. Jedediah Royce, who married Martha Peacock, and resided 
 in Iowa; he died in 1850. 2. Laura S., who died at Mayville, aged 50. 
 3. Perrv B., unmarried, resides in Iowa. 4. Clarinda, wife of George Kirby, 
 removed to Detroit, where she died. 5. Phebc Parmelia, who married Aaley 
 Randall, and is deceased. 6. Mary, wife of Samuel T. Nelson, Detroit. 7. 
 
 Martha M., wife of Henry W ; died at Mayville. 8. Dewitt C, who 
 
 married Angeline De Camp ; they reside at Cheyenne, Wyoming Territory. 
 9. Harriet M., who married Jacob S. Otto, Washington, D. C. 
 
 Samuel S. Wallon was born in Argyle, Washington Co., N. Y., April 20, 
 1804. At the age of 8 years, he came with his parents to Mayville, where 
 he resided until his death. With such an education as the early common 
 schools furnished, combined with good sense and correct principles, he com- 
 menced an active career, and attained a high and an honorable position. At 
 an early period, he filled several town offices creditably and satisfactorily. 
 He commenced his mercantile career as a clerk, became a partner, and at 
 length sole owner of the establishment in which he first engaged. He repre- 
 sented his assembly district in the legislature of 1855. In the fall of 1856, 
 he was elected canal commissioner, and held that office at the time of his 
 death, July 6, 1858. Mr. Whallon was an honored member of the Metho 
 dist Episcopal church. He died at Erie, Pa.,' July 6, 1858. He was mar- 
 ried, Sept. 6, 1829, to Maria Bell, who is still living. They had seven 
 children, of whom two died in infancy. The five who survived him are all 
 living. I. George W., who is married, and resides in Minnesota ; i. Mary 
 M., widow of a Mr. Archibald; resides in Corry, Pa. ; 3. William M. , 4. 
 Samuel S. ; 5. Frank H., wife of Lewis M. Smith, Esq., Mayville. Samuel 
 A. and Martin P. died in infancy. 
 
 Robertson Whiteside, son of John Whiteside, from Washington Co., N. Y., 
 was married to Maria Prendergast, and settled in Chautauqua about 1820. 
 
CHAUTAUQUA. 283 
 
 He was for a time engaged in business with Matthew P. Bemus, they having 
 bought out Morris Birdsall. He was county treasurer in 1836 and again in 
 1838-39 ; and in 1841, he was a member of assembly. He had two chil- 
 dren : William P., who married Maria J. Cornell, of Washington Co., and 
 had four children : Edward R., Neil Martin, Ann Eliza, and Maria J. ; Mar- 
 tin P., who married Sarah Holmes, daughter of Seth W. Holmes, and whose 
 children are Henry and John. 
 
 Churches and other Associations. 
 
 The First Baptist Church of Mayville was organized with 38 members, by 
 Elder Jonathan Wilson, a pioneer missionary frpm Vermont, February 7, 
 1820. Mr. Wilson was the first pastor of the church. The church edifice 
 was built in 1834. 
 
 The Chautaicqua Society of the Methodist Episcopal Church, at Mayville, 
 was formed about 1820. Their house of worship was erected in 185 1. 
 
 St. Paul's Church, of Mayville, was organized with about twenty members, 
 in April, 1823, by Rev. David Brown, who was the first pastor. The first 
 church edifice was contracted in April, 1826. It was accepted in January, 
 1828, and consecrated by Bishop Hobart, Sept. 4, 1828. The present house 
 was built in 1859, and consecrated by Bishop Coxe, May 18, 1865. 
 
 The First Atethodist Episcopal Church of Dewittville, was formed with ten 
 members, in 1835, by William Gifford. Their house of worship was pur- 
 chased of the Baptists, the same year. The first pastor was Rev. Mr. 
 Burgess. 
 
 The First Free-will Baptist Church of Chautauqua Hill, four miles north 
 from Hartfield, was organized with five members in 1840,- by Rev. T. V. 
 Main, the first pastor, and a Mr. Neely. A house of worship was built about 
 1842, which has recently been occupied by the Methodists. 
 
 Summit Church, Methodist Episcopal, near Summit Station, where a class 
 had been formed, built a house of worship through the instrumentality, it is 
 said, of John H. Flagler, in 1849. The first pastor after the completion of 
 the church building was Rev. John K. Hallock. 
 
 The Christian Church, at Dewittville, was organized December 25, 1852, 
 by Rev. E. H. Mosher, the first pastor, and E. H. Halladay. Their church 
 edifice was erected in 1856. 
 
 Mount Pleasant Church, United Brethren, three and a half miles south-east 
 from Mayville, was organized with eight members, in 1858, by Rev. Z. Sul- 
 livan, who was the first pastor. A church edifice was built in 1865. 
 
 The United Brethren in Christ, of Elm Flats, were organized with eight 
 members, Feb. i, 1863, by Rev. N. R. Luce, the first pastor. A house of 
 worship was erected in 1861 ; the present one, in 1870. 
 
 St. Peter's Church, German United EvangeUcal^ Protestant, at Mayville, 
 was organized with twenty members, in 1 871, by Rev. O. Schroder. Their 
 church edifice was erected in 1871. The first pastor was the Rev. Jacob 
 Weber. 
 
284 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 Summit Lodge, No. J12, was formed in the year 1818, as is supposed. The 
 date of its charter does not appear on the records, which commence thus : 
 " 5818. Mayville, November 10th. Summit Lodge opened in due form on 
 the First Degree of Masonry.'' About 20 members were present. Ebenezer 
 P. Upham, Sylvester B. Derby, Wm. Smith, Jr., Edward Taylor, Otis Dexter, 
 Lewis Macomber, Asahel Derby, and Thomas Treat, applied to become 
 members. It was voted, that two dozen aprons be procured before the next 
 meeting; a half dozen to be lambskin; and that brothers Lyon and Hearick 
 be a committee to procure them. To this is added : " Lodge passed to the 
 degree of Fellow Craft. Lodge raised to the degree of Master. Closed in 
 due form." This lodge was sustained and its meetings were regularly kept 
 up, until May nth, 1824, which is the date of the last meeting under the 
 then existing organization. 
 
 In 1850, a number of the brethren, upon consultation in respect to the 
 reorganization, appointed a meeting for that purpose to be held at Hartfield, 
 Aug. 31st. The meeting was held accordingly; and Mayville was designated 
 as the location of the lodge. A petition to the grand lodge of the state 
 for a dispensation was ordered .sent, which was in due time received. The 
 first regular meeting was held Nov. 4, 1850, at which were present the fol- 
 lowing named members : 
 
 Thomas B. Campbell, W. M.; Abijah Clark, S. W.; Dexter Barnes, J. W.; 
 R. Taylor Comstock, Sec'y; Wm. P. Holmes, Treas. ; David L. Cochran, 
 Tyler ; George Clark, J. Dea. ; David Myers, Nathan Cheney, Egbert Wilson, 
 Wm. Hill, John Russell, Walter Strong. The fifth and last regular com- 
 munication of the lodge at Mayville which appears on the records, was at 
 the lodge-roonl, Feb. 14, 1851. Its location was changed to Westfield. 
 
 CHERRY CREEK. 
 
 Cherry Creek was formed from Ellington, May 4, 1829, and comprises 
 township 4, range 10, of the Holland Company's surveys. In the south 
 part are several swamps. The soil is clay and gravelly loam. ^The Conne- 
 wango creek passes southerly through the town near its east border, and re- 
 ceives the waters of Cherry creek about a mile south-easterly from the village 
 of Cherry Creek. The surface is hilly in the north-west, and rolling in the 
 south-east. Cherry Creek village is a little south-east of the center of the 
 town ; has a post-office, the only one in town, and a population of 271. 
 
 Original Purchases in Township 4, Range 10. 
 
 181 5. March, Joshua Bentley, 15; [settled on by Joshua, Jr.] April, 
 Joshua Bentley, 9 ; [settled on by Joseph M. Kent.] May, Gardner Crandall. 
 
 1816. May, Barber Babcock, 19. June, Ely D. Pendleton, 20. Octo- 
 ber, Reuben Cheney, 18. 
 
 181 7. June, Elam Edson, 18. November, Rufiis Hitchcock, 49. 
 
CHERRY CREEK. 285 
 
 1818. April, John Smith, 17. August, Hiram Hill, 49. 
 
 182 1. October, John P. Hadley, 41. Henry Babcock, 20. Alvah Had- 
 ley, 41. Julius Gibbs, 41. Robert James, 36. Nathaniel Gibbs, Jr., 11. 
 Eliphalet W. Wilcox, 17. Robert Page, 13. 
 
 1823. March, James Carr, 14. December, Enos A. Bronson, 56. 
 
 1824. February, Eason Matteson, 10. March, Ira B. Tanner, 46. May, 
 Amos Abbey, 64. Nathan Worden, 16. June, Jared Irigalls, 22. Ira 
 Bassett, 25. July, Ward King, 17. October, Wm. G. Carr, 24. Dudley 
 Waters, 48. 
 
 1825. April, John Luce, 58. Wm. Lathrop, 24. May, Ira Bassett and 
 Samuel W. Wilcox, Jr., 25. September, Geo. Burdick, 38. October, Aury 
 Cronkhite, 21. Asahel H. Mallory, 21. Eddy Wetherly, 28. November, 
 Robert James, Jr., 35. 
 
 1826. April, Putnam Farrington, 63. October, Lyman Town and Thos. 
 King, 56. December, Henry Luce, 55. 
 
 1827. April, Ebenezer Still, Jr., 39. June, Stephen Blaisdell, r8. Sept., 
 Nehemiah Osborne, 31. Israel Seeley, 31. Issachar Hammond, 30. 
 
 1829. June, William A. Bowen, 13. July, Thomas King, 18. Decem- 
 ber, Sylvester Osborne, 14. 
 
 Concerning the time and place of the first settlement in this town, there 
 are conflicting statements. French's State Gazetteer says : " The first set- 
 tlement was made on lot 15, in 1812, by Joshua Bentley, ft-om Rensselaer 
 Co." This is not correct. The Land Company's book shows him a pur- 
 chaser, April 14, i8i2, of a part of lot 54, tp. 2, r. 11, [now Ellicott J Aug. 
 6, 1814, of 297 acres of lot 7, tp. 3, r. 10 ; and April 12, 1815, of 300 acres 
 of lot 16, tp. 3, r. 10, [both now Ellington;] March 2, r8i5, lot 15, tp. 4, 
 r. 10; and April 12, 1815, 250 acres of lot 9, tp. 4, r. 10, [both now Cherry 
 Creek.] Hence it appears that he did not buy land in Cherry Creek as early 
 as 1812. Persons in this town state unhesitatingly, that Joseph M. Kent 
 was the first settler. One cause of this diflference of opinion may be the fact, 
 that there were two Joshua Bentleys, father and son, without being dis- 
 tinguished as senior and junior. Both are called Joshua Bentley. The father 
 bought both the lots in Cherry Creek, 1 5 and 9, as we are told, and lived on 
 neither. The son bought the two parcels in Ellington, and, it is said, settled 
 on neither. An exchange of land having been made by the two Bentleys, 
 Joshua, Sr., settled in Ellington, and kept a tavern there for a number of 
 years; and Joshua, Jr., settled on lot 15, or at least became its owner; and 
 Kent settled on lot 9. 
 
 An early settler of Cherry Creek says : " The first settlement in the town 
 of Cherry Creek was made by Joseph M. Kent, on lot 9, in the spring of 
 1815." He was a native of Royalton, Vt., and, after having resided succes- 
 sively in Herkimer and Onondaga counties, removed to Gerry, [now Cherry 
 Creek,] as above stated. He came with a wife and seven children, three of 
 whom still reside in the town : Nancy, afterward the wife of Eliphalet W. 
 Wilcox ; Samuel B., and Joseph. Mr. Kent and his family seem to have 
 had quite an average share of the toils and privations of pioneer life. When 
 he had 1-aised his log house and covered it with hemlock bark, and cut out 
 
286 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 one log for a door, he sent his wife 8 miles on horseback, through the wilder- 
 ness, with no guide but marked trees, with one child in her arms and 
 another behind her, to take possession of the new house. She first put 
 the children through the hole, then crawled in herself with the saddle. 
 With flint and spunk previously provided, she started a fire, and passed the 
 night with no other company, and within the hearing of no voice but that of 
 wolves. The house soon after received the addition of a door, and a floor 
 made of split logs, probably hewed on one side. 
 
 Mr. Kent, with his son George, Nancy, his eldest daughter, and John P. 
 Kent, a nephew, cleared the first acre that was cleared in the town, and 
 raised from it a good crop of potatoes the same year — the first crop raised 
 in the town. The next spring, destitute of a supply of provisions and money, 
 stern want began to stare him earnestly in the face. His faculty of invention, 
 however, proved sufficient for the exigency. He felled a pine tree, the stump 
 of which still remains, and made from the trunk a canoe 60 feet in length, 
 launched it in the Connewango river, put into it about 1,500 pounds of maple 
 sugar and a quantity of black salts, and ran it down to Pittsburgh. He 
 there exchanged his cargo for flour and salt, and, with the help of his son 
 George, pushed his vessel with pike poles back to Cherry Creek, having spent 
 three weeks in performing the voyage. The family, during his absence, sub- 
 sisted chiefly on sugar and milk. Ohver Bugbee, a settler in Ellington, and 
 brother of Mrs. Kent, was at this time doing a job of chopping for Mr. 
 Kent ; and having fancied himself growing weak on this diet, proposed, by 
 way of change, an addition to his meals of a mess of boiled greens. Cow- 
 cabbage and leeks were duly prepared, and, at the next meal, were placed 
 beside the sugar and milk ; and to use his own words, he " made a wolf 
 meal." Whether owing to the unwholesome nature of the greens, or to the 
 want of affinity between the articles of this strange mixture, the colonel could 
 not tell : suffice it to say, that, being unable to dwell quietly together, they 
 violently escaped from their confinement by the way by which they had en- 
 tered. He remarked that, " from that day to this, I have never hankered 
 for greens." 
 
 Joshua Bentley, Jr., according to our informant, was the second settler. 
 He was from Stephentown, Rensselaer Co., N. Y., and settled on lot r 5, Sept. i, 
 1815. He had previously settled early in the town of Ellery, about the year 
 1808. [His name, however, does not appear on the Company's books as a 
 purchaser there.] He was one of the corps of surveyors that ran the 
 lines in this part of the county previously to its settlement. The center of 
 the township was found, in the survey, to be on a little island in the stream, 
 where was a small red cherry tree. Mr. Bentley, the axe-man, cut it down, 
 drove down a stake, and named the stream " Cherry creek," which afterwards 
 also gave name to the town. Mr. Bentley seemed to have a relish for forest 
 life and forest scenery. He settled several miles from any inhabitant. After 
 several years of enjoyment of "life in the woods," it was suddenly embit- 
 tered by a most distressing bereavement. On a clear sabbath morning, the 
 
CHERRY CREEK. 287 
 
 2d day of April, 1822, a little daughter, in her fourth year, strayed into the 
 forest, and was never seen afterward. Mrs. Bentley, with two of the older 
 children, started out to pick some cowslips, leaving her husband asleep on 
 the floor, and the little girl at play in the door-way. She was not missed 
 until Mrs. Bentley's return, about an hour afterward. A search was com- 
 menced, and continued by the inhabitants of the surrounding country, but 
 without discovering the least trace of the child. That she had been taken 
 by the Indians, or that she had wandered away into the woods and been de- 
 voured by wild beasts, was among the conjectures concerning her fate. 
 
 James Bates, from Mass. to Onondaga Co., in 1803, came with his family 
 to this county in April, 1815, but did not settle permanently until early in the 
 fall. His son, James Bates, Jr., in 1870, in giving a sketch of their settle- 
 ment, states that when they first came, there was in the town Joshua Bentley, 
 Jr., who lived in a small log shanty on the old Chautauqua road, 50 rods west 
 of Olds' Comers ; that no other persons lived in the town when they came 
 in on the Indian trail the first time ; and that Wyman Bugbee came in the 
 fall of 1815. He says Samuel McConnell and his family settled, in the 
 spring of 18 16, on lot 47, in the north-west part of the town; and a little 
 later, the same spring, Benj. FoUett, in the north part of the town; and G. 
 Redington, near Wyman Bugbee's. Although the dates at which some of 
 the men above named are said to have settled, do not all exactly agree with 
 the dates of their purchases, Mr. Bates has probably stated them correctly. 
 There were many who did not settle on their lands until a year or two years 
 after their purchases had been made. Mr. Bates gives the name of the first 
 settler as Joshua Bentley, Jr. The Company's books show four different 
 sales to have been made to Joshua Bentley ; and in no case is the junior 
 attached to the name. The son probably never was an original purchaser, 
 but is believed to have settled on land taken up by his father, who had arti- 
 cled in Ellington, in 18 14, lot 7, and in 1815 lot 15 ; and in Cherry Creek, in 
 1 81 5, lots 15 and 9. [See original purchases in Ellington and Cherry Creek.] 
 
 Mr. Bates also relates the particulars of an encounter with a wolf, in 18 16, 
 when he was 1 5 years of age. He and a brother were going home through 
 the woods. The brother had got some distance ahead and out of sight, and 
 was heard to scream, and came back with his pantaloons torn. James got a 
 heavy club, and went on till he saw an animal which he supposed to be a 
 dog, sitting in this woods road. He tried in vain to get him out of the road, 
 either by coaxing or by rough talk. He then struck him with the stick, and 
 knocked out some of his teeth. This turned him out of the road. Bates 
 followed him, striking a heavy blow across the back, which sent him under 
 the tops of some fallen trees. He followed him, and there beat him until he 
 thought he was dead ; all the while supposing him to be a dog. Wyman 
 Bugbee, hearing him relate the story, said it was probably a wolf, for the kill- 
 ing of which he was entitled to a bounty of $40. Bugbee, on an offer of 
 $10 to attend to the business, went to the place, and found the wolf still 
 alive. He was soon dispatched ; and in due time the bounty was obtained. 
 
288 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 Daniel Hadley came with his family to Chautauqua county, in Nov., 1817. 
 He had 6 or 7 children, most of them, if not all, full grown. Four of them 
 were sons, three of whom settled in Cherry Creek : Niles, Alvah, and John 
 P. ; all of whom settled on different parts of lot 41. John P. still resides in 
 the to\vn. He took an active part in laying out and cutting out early roads 
 in the town; and in getting the town set off from Ellington, in 1829. He 
 has also frequently served the town in official capacity, and now [1874] holds 
 the office of town clerk. 
 
 In the south part, early settlers were : Daniel L. Waggoner, Moses Ells, 
 Clark Losee, Isaac C. Brown, Wm. S. Bullock, George W. Hitchcock, the 
 last of whom removed to the village and died there. 
 
 In the north-west part were : Ira B. Tanner, Elkanah Steward, Anson 
 Newton, Alva Bannister, Ora Parks, John Essex, J. Richardson, Eben 
 Abbey, Putnam Farrington, who was a general in the war of 1812 ; one of 
 whose sons. Vassal, remained and died in town. Enos A. Bronson, a native 
 of Conn., came from Wayne Co., N. Y., to Cherry Creek, lot 56, near the 
 north line, in 1825, where he died in 1858. His sons were : William, killed 
 by the falling of a tree ; Horace, also deceased ; Allen Lee, in Villenova ; 
 and Munson M., in Pennsylvania. 
 
 In the south-east part of the town. Wanton King settled on lot 9. His 
 sons are : Thomas, who resides on lot 18, a mile south of the village ; Ward, 
 2d, in Leon, Cattaraugus Co.; and Obadiah, in Ellington. On lot 18, Josiah 
 Crumb and Enos Matteson settled. The latter purchased in 1828. Of his 
 three sons, John and James reside in Ellington ; Almanson, in Texas. Aury 
 Cronk, in 1825, on the south line of the town. His sons, Charles and De- 
 lance, are still in town. 
 
 In the north-east part of the town, Thomas W. Wilcox, from Hanover, was 
 an early settler on the north line, about 181 9. He was noted for his indus- 
 try, and for his having taken many jobs of clearing land. His sons, Daniel, 
 Erastus, and Alfred, reside in Villenova ; Harlow, lives in Chicago. Isaac 
 Curtis, from Stephentown, Rens. Co., settled, in 1816, on lot 23, bought in 
 [8x5 ; had a son and several daughters, none believed to be living. Stephen 
 Curtis, brother of Isaac, on land adjoining his brother's. He had two sons, 
 Henry L. and John H.; both reside in town ; John with his father on the 
 homestead. Of his four daughters, two are living. James Carr, from Otsego 
 Co., settled, in 1823, on lot 15, land bought of Joshua Bentley, Jr., and 
 afterwards kept a store in the village. He died in Iowa. He was supervisor 
 of Ellington, in 1828-29, and the first supervisor of Cherry Creek after its 
 formation. He had one son, Andrew J ., who went to Iowa ; and four 
 daughters : Louisa, who married Silas Vinton^ builder of the county poor- 
 house and appurtenant buildings, and several years, 1855, '59, '60, supervisor 
 of Cherry Creek, now living in Gowanda ; X-ydia, and Amelia, both married, 
 and removed to the West ; and Mary^^^Wm.-: G. Carr, brother of James, 
 came in October, 1829, with his wife and two children, and settled on lot xs. 
 A son, S. Hopkins, is married, and lives in Villenova ; Truman B., in this 
 
CHERRY CREEK. 289 
 
 town, on lot 24 ; Willis, died in manhood, unmarried ; a daughter, wife of 
 Jackson Berry, resides in the village. Wm. G. Carr was supervisor of Cherry 
 Creek in 1839. 
 
 Daniel B. Parsons, a native of Madison Co., settled, in 1850, on lot 23, 
 where he died several years since. He was a farmer and drover. A son, 
 Reuben W., came with his father, and resides in the village. Jairus Nash, 
 from Stephentown, on lot 23, where he and his son William reside. Gardner 
 Crandall, on lot 23, bought in 1815. He was married twice, and had 21 
 children. Jared Ingalls, from Otsego Co., settled on lot 22, about 1826, and 
 built a saw-mill. A son, Edmund, resides in the town ; another, Cyrus, not 
 living. Four daughters ; Eunice, wife of Ezekiel Mount, in the village; 
 Nancy, wife of Wm. S. Bullock, resides in the town ; Sally, who married 
 Furman Mount, and lives in the village ; Olive, who married Willis Hyatt, 
 and lives in Pennsylvania. Wm. Weaver, from Otsego Co., came in 1817, 
 and, a year or two after, settled on lot 14, where he died. 
 
 In the central part of the to\Vn, Thomas Mount, from New Jersey, came 
 with a wife and 14 children — 8 sons and 6 daughters. Ezekiel, John, 
 Hezekiah, Furman, and Samuel, reside in the town ; also Rebecca, a 
 daughter, wife of Archibald F. Robbins. Anthony Morian, in 1835, settled 
 on lot 44, and now resides in the village. Robert James, from Brookfield, 
 N. Y., settled, in 1821, on lot 36, and died there. Of his sons, Robert, Jr., 
 was supervisor of the town in 1831, '32. Harry died in Cherry Creek ; Jona- 
 than, a physician, also died here. Several other sons removed from the 
 county. 
 
 In the south-west part, among the early settlers were : Ward, and his sons 
 William, On, and Ai ; Niles Hadley, Alva Hadley, whose son, Ozro A., was 
 for a time acting governor of Arkansas ; Hudson Smith, John Howard, Na- 
 thaniel Dunham, Arthur Hines, Addison Phillips, John Luce, Reuben A. 
 Bullock, Myron Field, Horatio Hill, Lawrence E. Shattuck. Joseph Price, 
 on lot 42, had 3 sons: John, who resides in town; Lawrence and David, re- 
 moved from the county. 
 
 In the village and vicinity, among the early settlers were : Geo. H. Frost, 
 who kept the first tavern in the village, and was the first postmaster ; Alfred 
 Goodrich ; Welcome C. Carpenter, who has a cheese factory on the site of 
 the old log tavern of G. H. Frost ; Wm. Green, who removed to Illinois ; 
 John P. Hadley, Thomas Berry, Abraham Hall, James D. Wheeler, a justice 
 of the peace; and Jotham Godfrey, who, about 1826, settled west of the 
 village, and was for a number of years a justice of the peace, and whose son 
 Jeffrey T. W. resides three and a quarter miles south of the village. David 
 Myers, whose sons were fe^avid and John, who are in the West, and Oliver, 
 in the village. Randall Spencer, whose sons, George and , both re- 
 moved West. Seth S. Chase, whose son Olin C. resides at Cattaraugus 
 station. Alvin Bannister, wha^fttfiwo sons: Henry, merchant in the village ; 
 and Gideon, deceased. On Powers' Hill, George Sheffield settled on lot 29, 
 where Aaron, a son, now resides ; other sons, Hiram Ontario Co. ; Alanson, 
 19 
 
290 HISTORY OF .CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 deceased ; and Judson, in the village. Daniel Powers, a son-in-law, from 
 whom the Hill takes its name, who settled on the same lot, is now in Cattar- 
 augus county. 
 
 The first birth in the town was that of Lydia, daughter of Joseph M. and 
 Patty Kent, in 181 6, who became the wife of Hon. Charles B. Green, of 
 Ellington. 
 
 The first marriage was that of James Battles and Rachel Hadley, daughter 
 of Daniel Hadley, June 6, 1819. They reside in Arkwright. 
 
 The first death was that of Rufus Hitchcock, in 1820. He fell from the 
 roof of his house just as he had completed it, striking his head upon a root 
 of a stump and fracturing the skull. 
 
 The first school was taught by Reuben Cheney, in the south part of the 
 town. The first summer school was taught by Angeline Pickering in school 
 district No. i, near the center. 
 
 George H. Frost kept the first inn, in 1823; and Seth Grover, the first 
 store, in the village. Present innkeeper, Judson Sheffield. 
 
 The earliest saw-mill was built by Wm. Kilbourn, in 1824, on Cherry 
 creek, near the village. He attached to his mill, the next year, a shop for 
 making spinning-wheels, chairs, etc. The second saw-mill was built about 
 1833, on the same stream, half a mile below the former, by Robert James 
 and Wm. Green, where a mill has been continued to the present time. 
 Another mill was built by John Jones ; afterwards owned by Alfred Story ; 
 now by Wm. Weaver. Joseph Kent built a saw-mill, in 1835, in the south- 
 east part of the town ; was run about 20 years. Joseph Kent, about 1838, 
 built a saw-mill and a grist-mill, half a mile above the Kilbourn mill. The 
 water was conveyed by a ditch from the creek, about half a mile above the 
 mill to a natural basin or hollow, near the mill, the water in this dam cover- 
 ing about five acres, and being conveyed by a deep cut to the mill, thus 
 forming one of the best mill sites in the country, the fall being 25 to 30 feet. 
 Alfred Stone built a saw-mill on Dry creek, about 2 miles above the village ; 
 now owned by John Price. Jared Ingalls built a saw-mill about 2^4 miles 
 north of the village. A mill is still continued there, owned by Darius Had- 
 ley. The first grist-mill was built by Hall Nickerson, about the year 1828, 
 near the site of Stone's saw-mill. It had one run of stones, and was used 
 only for com. In 1848, Joseph Kent built at his saw-mill a grist-mill with 
 the modem appliances, with three run of stones, for grinding all kinds of 
 grain. This mill was destroyed by fire in 1869, and rebuilt in 1870 by Silas 
 Vinton, who had previously bought the site. In 1861, Joseph Kent built a 
 steam saw-mill, on the Connewango, near Andrew J. Arnold's, in the south- 
 east part of the town. It has the capacity of sawii,^ 10,000 to 1 5,000 feet of 
 boards per day. Attached to the mill is machinery for the manufacture of 
 lath and pickets. :^S***. '.•>.•■ 
 
 The first blacksmith in this town wa^fj^^pn M. Kent, the first settler. 
 The next was Pliny Shattuck, ij^ m. west of the village, in 1831. 
 
 A tannery, the first in the town, was established about 1823, in connection 
 
■■iic-(:^£^ 
 
CHERRY CREEK. 29 I 
 
 with a shoe-shop, by- Thomas Carter, near where Wm. Kilbourn's saw-mill 
 was afterwards built. After he had carried on the business one or two years, 
 he sold the property to Kilbourn. Charles A. Spencer established a tannery 
 in the village, in 1833, and continued it for maijy years. John Davidson 
 erected a tannery about the year 1848, near the site of Frost's old tavern 
 stand. It was conducted on a large scale for about fifteen or twenty years. 
 
 Welcome C. Carpenter was an early carpenter and joiner, and soon after 
 Samuel Newton and Samuel Mount. 
 
 Among the early tailors were Jonathan Greenman and Russell Bartlett. 
 Present one, Alfred W. Knapp. 
 
 Present harness maker, Charles T. Reed. 
 
 The first physician was Horace" Morgan, about 1830. The settlers had 
 been previously served by Dr. Thomas J. Wheeler, of Rutledge. After Dr. 
 Morgan, came Oliver B. Main, Edwin G. Bly, John B. Woodworth, Timothy 
 G. Walker, and the present physicians, Francis M. Rich and Dr. Bishop. 
 
 The first merchant in Cherry Creek was Seth Grover, in 1831, who had, in 
 connection with his store, pot and pearl asheries. Later were Cyrus Thatcher 
 and George H. Frost. Present merchants : Dry goods — Henry Bannister, 
 John Delany. Drugs and medicines — Charles L. Wheeler. Drugs and 
 groceries — Mason Allen, Lewis Ward. Groceries — Alvah Billings, Cyrus 
 Mount. Hardware — Robertson & Mount, Carpenter & Smith. Tinner — 
 Charles Shepard, Clothing and furnishing store — -Anthony Morian. 
 
 The first town-meeting in Cherry Creek after its formation, was held at the 
 hotel of George H. Frost, in March, 1830. The names of the officers 
 elected are not ascertained, except those of James Carr, supervisor, and 
 Robert James, town clerk. 
 
 Supervisors from i8jo to iS'^j. 
 James Carr, 1830, '33, '36, '40, '46, '52 — 6 years. Robert James, Jr., 
 1831, '32. George H. Frost, 1834, '35. Oliver Carpenter, 1837. Horace 
 Brunson, 1838. Wm. G. Carr, 1839. Wm. Kilbourn, 1841 to '43 — 3 years. 
 Archibald F. Robbins, 1844. Oliver G. Main, 1845, '49, '50. Charles A. 
 Spencer, 1847, '48. Joseph Kent, 1851, '56. Daniel B. Parsons, 1853, '54. 
 Silas Vinton, 1855, '59, '60, '68, '71 — 5 years. Horatio Hill, 1857, '58, '64. 
 Reuben W. Parsons, 1861, '63, '65. Anthony Morian, 1862, '67. George 
 N. Frost, 1866, '69, '72, '73. Welcome C. Carpenter, 1870. Harris Billings, 
 1874. George N. Frost, 1875. 
 
 Biographical and Genealogical. 
 
 Stephen Blaisdell was born in Giflford, N. H., Aug. 7, 1786. He re- 
 mained there until he was about 20 years of age, when he made a public 
 profession of religion. He soon after commenced preaching, and traveled 
 extensively in the states of New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Vermont, and 
 Connecticut. He married, in 1810, Bathsheba Aldrich, in Templeton, 
 Mass., who was born March 2, 1788. He removed to Leyden, Vt., where 
 his family remained until he removed to this county, in March, 1824. He 
 
 ». 
 
292 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 settled in Ellington, [then Gerry,] on lot 29. In the spring of 1827, he re- 
 moved to Cherry Creek, on lot 28. He was connected with the Christian 
 denomination, having been ordained to the ministry in 1808. In politics, 
 he held to the principles ipculcated by the Jeflfersonian republicans. He had 
 6 children : i. Sarah Ann, bom July 14, 1812 ; was married to Isaac Allen, 
 and removed to Wisconsin, where she died Jan. i, 1862. She had 6 chil- 
 dren : Amanda, George, Oliver, Justin, Harriet, Isaac. Oliver served in the 
 late war. 2. Eliza, born Oct. 16, 1814, married Joseph Cummings, of Vil- 
 lenova, who died in Randolph. She had 2 children, Sarah Ann and Stephen. 
 3. Amanda L., born Jan. 26, 1820, and was married to Palmer Northup ; 
 both deceased. 4. William 6'., bom Feb. 14, 1823; married, first, Lydia 
 F. Shattuck, daughter of Lawrence E. Shattuck. She died June 24, i860, 
 leaving 2 children, Burke and Lydia, who died at the ages of 5 and 3 years. 
 Mr. Blaisdell married, second, Mary Jane Harris, daughter of Otis Harris, of 
 Gerry, by whom he has three children : Martha, William, and Alfred. 5. 
 Bogardus A., born July 7, 1825 ; married Catharine, sister of Philip S. Cottle, 
 of Fredonia, and had 3 children : Nettie, Harry, and one that died in infancy. 
 Mr. Blaisdell died, March 29th, 1874, at Keokuk, Iowa. 6. Napoleon L., 
 bom April 2, 1830; married Anna Davis, of Cuba, N. Y., and had 3 chil- 
 dren : Mary, Harriet, and George, who died at 7. The family removed to 
 Missouri in 1865. Stephen Blaisdell died Sept. 9, 1854, aged 68 years. 
 
 George H. Frost, from Rensselaer Co., came to Cherry Creek, in 1823, 
 and kept a tavern, afterwards store, and in 1838 or '39, settled on a farm 
 about 3 miles north-west from the village, and returned to the village, where 
 he died in 1873. He had been several years supervisor of the town. His 
 sons were : George N., who was four years supervisor of the town ; Charles, and 
 Isbun, who resides at Titusville. Daughters : Selina, wife of Chas. A. Spencer; 
 Fidelia, ^vife of Judson Sheffield ; she is deceased ; Eliza, wife of Chandler 
 Johnson, Corry ; Mary, who married Wni. Mount, Corry ; Emeline, who 
 married Wm. U. Edwards; Lillis, wife of Alonzo Edwards, Forestville; Isa- 
 dore, wife of Walter Griswold ; Helen, wife of Cyrus Mount. 
 
 Horatio Hill was born in Berkshire, Frankhn Co., Vt., in i8o8. He 
 came to Chautauqua Co., and settled in Cherry Creek, on the James Wheeler 
 farm, in the year 1818. He was married, Jan. i, 1833, to Seviah Wetherly, 
 who was bom in Edmeston, Otsego Co., N. Y., in 18 10. They had 9 chil- 
 dren : Nelson H., Lucinda, Josephine, Austin O., Orseba, Nora L., Orton, 
 Orin, and Mary. Nelson H. married Maria Wilkins, and has a daughter, 
 Mary. Lucinda married Byron Cleland, and has 4 children: Jennie, James, 
 John, and Susie. Josephine married Silas Kent, and has a son, Elmer A. 
 Nora L. married William S. Parsons ; removed to Illinois, and died there. 
 Orin married Jennie Wright, of Lowell, Mich. Mary A. married J. S. Dan- 
 iels, of Lowell, Mich., and has a daughter, Fannie. Austin O. died in the 
 late war. • 
 
 Joseph Kent was bom in Cortland Co., N. Y., January 22, 18 14. His 
 ancestors came from Kent Co., England, in 1649, after the success of Oliver 
 
CHERRY CREEK. 293 
 
 Cromwell's annies. Two brothers Kent emigrated to America, and settled 
 in Conn., where they erected a block house of hewn oak logs for the double 
 purpose of a dwelling, and for protection against the Indians. John Kent, 
 grandfather of Joseph, was married, in 1758, at Cape Cod, Mass., and set- 
 tled, soon after, in Royalton, Vt. He had 6 sons and a daughter : John, 
 father of Rev. John P. Kent ; Elisha ; Samuel ; Charles ; Joseph M. ; Ab- 
 ner, father of ASjpizo Kent, of Jam^town ; and Lydia. Joseph M. Kent, 
 son of John above mentioned, was 'bom in 1774, and married Patty Bugbee 
 in 1800, in Woodstock, Conn. Their children were: Nancy, wife of Elipha- 
 let W. Wilcox ; George, who married Phebe King ; Dolly, wife of Ward 
 King ; Polly, who married John S. Smith, and after his death, a Mr. Hinds ; 
 Elisha, who married Lydia Ann Bentley, and lives in Illinois ; Samuel B., 
 who married Charlotte Green, and lives in Cherry Creek ; Joseph ; Lydia, 
 wife of Charles B. Green ; and Ara W., who married Lucy Ann Neat ; had 
 three children, and for some unexplained cause, went, without his family, to 
 California, and is now living in Albany, Oregon. Joseph Kent, whose name 
 commences this sketch, came to this county when about 3 years old, with his 
 father, who settled on lot 9, in the south-east part of the town, the land hav- 
 ing been taken up by Joshua Bentley in April, 1815. He has lived in 
 Cherry Creek 57 years. His occupation besides that of farming, may be 
 known from his having been named the " Lumber King of the Upper Con- 
 newango.'' Joseph Kent was married Nov. 20, 1837, to Maria Vedder, 
 formerly from Otsego Co., by whom he had a son, the mother dying in child- 
 bed. The son, George A. S. Kent, married Martha, daughter of Anthony 
 Morian, and has 2 sons, Grant Earl and Clare E. Joseph Kent married, 
 Nov., 1839, for his second wife, Rachel E. Vedder, by whom he had 2 chil- 
 dren : a daughter Mariam, and a son Emory. Mr. Kent and his wife are 
 both living in Cherry Creek. 
 
 Charles A. Spencer, bom in Westmoreland, Oneida Co., June 30, 1810, 
 settled in Cherry Creek in 1833, and commenced the tanning business, 
 which he continued for about fifteen years. He still resides in the village. 
 He was several years supervisor of the town ; 2 1 years superintendent of the 
 county poor; and for about 25 years a justice of the peace. He was mar- 
 ried to Selina Frost in 1840. They have 2 daughters : Francis, who married 
 Melvin M. Mount, and lives in Penn.; and Adalaide, wife of Darwin M. 
 Saunders, in Penn. They have 3 sons : Charles D., who married Celia 
 Johnson, and resides in Arcade, Wyoming Co.; George, and Park; both at 
 
 home. 
 
 Churches and other Associations. 
 
 Methodist Episcopal Church. — A class was formed as early as 1817 or 181 8. 
 Among its members were Joseph M. Kent and Patty, his wife, and others 
 whose names are not recollected, and, for the want of records, can not*be 
 ascertained. Meetings were at first held at the house of Mr.' Kent. The 
 place of meeting was afterwards moved to the Spencer school-house, west of 
 the village. Among the early class leaders, were Randall Spencer, and 
 
294 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 Robert James, Jr. The church was fully organized with seven members, in 
 1857, by Rev. O. L. Mead. Their church edifice was built in 1859. The 
 present minister is Rev. A. Wilder. 
 
 A Christian Church was organized in Cherry Creek, March 23, 1839. 
 The elders officiating were Warren Skeels and N. A. Perry. Seth S. Chase 
 was chosen ruling elder, and Sullivan Gardner deacon and clerk. Members 
 at the organization of the church were : SulUvan Gardqpfr, Seth S. Chase, 
 Putnam Farrington, Warren Skeels, Fanny Chase, Sally Carr, Lepha Weaver, 
 Mary Weaver, Lucy Grover, Betsey King, Harriet James. This church has 
 no meeting-house, but maintains its organization. 
 
 The Free-will Baptist Church, in the town of Cherry Creek, was formed 
 about the year 1826, by Rev. Thomas Grinnell ; and is said to have been 
 the earliest religious organization in the town, and was composed of John P. 
 Hadley and wife, Jotham Godfrey and wife, and Mrs. Gardner Crandall. 
 The society built its first meeting-house about the year 1845. 
 
 The First Baptist Church of Cherry Creek was formed Feb. 5, 183 1, un- 
 der the title name of " Branch Church of the Connewango Church." The 
 following are the names of the constituent members : Ira B. Tanner, Eunice 
 Tanner, John Essex, Almerin Bly, Prudence Bly, Samuel Hodges, Lydia 
 Hodges, Covel Nickerson, Carlana Nickerson, Daniel Osbom, Mercy Bab- 
 cock, Betsey Matteson. In October following, Jared Ingalls and Abigail, 
 his wife, united with the church. In 1832, it was deemed expedient to form 
 an independent church ; and with this view, letters of admission were ob- 
 tained fi-om the Connewango church. A council from churches in Hanover, 
 and Gerry, and the Connewango church, met on the 26th day of October, 
 and constituted in due form, the First Baptist Church of Cherry Creek. In 
 January, 1833, the church elected Jairus Nash, deacon, and Covel Nicker- 
 son, clerk. Their first church edifice was dedicated January 11, 1849. 
 Their first pastor was the Rev. James Bennett ; the present is the Rev. John 
 A. Pickard. 
 
 Masonic Lodge of Cherry Creek. — In June, 1855, a dispensation was granted 
 by the grand lodge of the state, on petition of D. B. Parsons, J. Z. SafFord, 
 Curtis O. Denison, John Hubbard, Versal Farrington, together with the fol- 
 lowing, who were appointed officers : Wm. S. Blaisdell, W. M.; Alvah 
 BiUings, S. W.; Oliver B. Main, J. W.; George B. Aldrich, Treas.; George 
 Hopkins, Sec'y. A charter was granted in June, 1856, by the grand lodge, 
 with the officers above named. R. W. Parsons and John O'Neal had be- 
 come members while the lodge was working under the dispensation. Since 
 the organization with a charter in 1856, its membership has increased to up- 
 wards of 100. William S. Blaisdell was elected master, and continued in 
 that office by reelection for seven years. 
 
 The Cherry Creek Lodge of Odd Felloi^f was instituted April 6, 1852, 
 David S. Forbes installing officer. Its first officers were : John T. Clark, 
 N. G.; Anthony Morian, V. G.; Silas Vinton, S.; O. C. Chase, T.; R. N. 
 Tanner, P. S. Meetings of the lodge have been for some time suspended. 
 
CLYMER. 29s 
 
 CLYMER. 
 
 Clymer was formed from Chautauqua, Feb. 9, 182 1, and now comprises 
 the single township i, of range 14; Mina having been taken off in 1821 ; 
 French Creek, in 1829; and Sherman, in 1832. The surface is a hilly up- 
 land, broken W^he valleys of Broken Straw creek and its branches, one of 
 which passes southerly through the village and unites with the principal 
 stream about a mile below ; another, from the north and north-east, enters it 
 about a mile and a half east of the village. The soil is a gravelly loam. 
 The population of the town in 1870 was 1,486, of which number the village 
 contained about 400. This is the principal place of business in the town, 
 and derives a considerable portion of its trade from the town of French 
 Creek. Besides the post-office in the village. North Clymer is a post-office 
 on the Buffalo, Corry & Pittsburgh Railroad. There are several dense settle- 
 ments in the town : King's Corners, in the north-east part of the town, on the 
 Harmony line ; Clymer Center, on the railroad ; and Clymer Hill, about 2 
 miles west of the latter place. About one-half of the population of the town 
 are Hollanders and their descendants. 
 
 Origirial Purchases in Township i, Range 14. 
 
 1820. May, William Rice, 59. July, Gardner Cleveland, Sr., 58. 
 
 1821. October, Horace and Anson Starkweather, 43. Joseph Wing, 51. 
 November, John Cleveland, 58. 
 
 1822. March, Thomas Russell, 50. 
 
 1823. January, Leonard Amidon, 52. October, William Rice, 60. 
 
 1824. June, Ebenezer Brownell, 35. Harry E. Brownell, 28. Joseph 
 Brownell, 50. 
 
 1825. May, Amon Beebe, Jr., 30. August, Elisha Alvord, 21. October, 
 Joseph W. Ross, 55. 
 
 1826. April, Charles Ross, 56. May, Moses Randall, 23. July, David 
 Phinney. October, Jeremiah Glidden, 3, 8. 
 
 1827. March, Darius and Walter Freeman, 47. Ralph Pettit, 47. April, 
 Jeremiah R. Doolittle, 37. May, David Glidden, 16. June, Samuel Bligh, 
 32. August, Andrew Glidden, 16. September, Oscar F. and Daniel C. 
 Glidden, 8. October, Francis F. Allen, 2. 
 
 1828. May. Alvah Marsh, 40. Archelaus Chadwick, i. John Pettit, 
 47. July, Benjamin Sullivan, 63. Samuel Ross, 27. 
 
 1829. July, Lyman Brown, 26. September, Jeremiah Chamberlain, 53. 
 October, Urbane Hitchcock, 15. ■> 
 
 1830. August, Harry E. Brownell, 28. September, Jackson Johnson, 33. 
 Thomas Russell, 50. 
 
 The State Gazetteer says : "John Cleveland settled on lot 58, in 1820;" 
 and "William Rice, from Washington Co., settled on lot 59, in 1821 ; Hor- 
 ace and Anson Starkweather, from Vermont, on lot 43, in 1822." By refer- 
 ence to the list of original purchases, it will appear, that Wm. Rice was the 
 first purchaser, May, 1820, of lot 59; Gardner Cleveland, July, 1820, of lot 
 58; the Starkweathers, of lot 43, Oct., 182 r ; and John Cleveland, lot 58, 
 
296 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 Nov., 182 1. This would seem to cast a doubt upon the statement that he 
 was the first settler. It must, however, be remembered, that, as elsewhere 
 stated, purchasers did not always settle on their lands the same year. It is 
 said, by early settlers, that Mr. Rice did not settle on his land until 182 1, 
 and that John Cleveland's land was a part of what had been, taken up by his 
 father ; and that he settled on it before he took an article in his own name. 
 Hence, it is presumed, the late Ira F. Gleason, an early settler, stated cor- 
 rectly, " that the date of the first sertlement in what is now Clymer, was in 
 1 82 1, and that John Cleveland was the first settler.'' 
 
 Since the above was written, the following statement has been found, with 
 John Cleveland's own signature : " John Cleveland, son of Gardner, born in 
 Pomfret, Conn., Sept., 1789, moved to Paris, N. Y., when 2 years old; to 
 Rutland, N. Y., in 1807; and in 1815 came to French Creek; in 1820 came 
 to Clymer." This last statement agrees with that of early settlers, who say 
 the Clevelands made a sojourn of a few years in French Creek before their 
 purchase in Clymer. 
 
 Since the printing of this History commenced, a former citizen of Clymer 
 said to the writer, that he often heard Mr. Rice say, that he settled, in 1821, 
 on the land he bought in May, 1820 ; and that a few weeks or months after- 
 wards, John Cleveland settled on an adjoining lot. As Mr. Rice was 
 esteemed as a man of veracity, and can hardly be presumed to be mistaken 
 in the matter, the question of priority of settlement can not yet be positively 
 stated. 
 
 Silas Freeman, from Cayuga Co., in 1828, settled on Clymer Hill, where 
 he died. His wife died the same year. They had 13 children, of whom 
 were Darius and Walter, who settled on lot 47, and Leonard B. Darius re- 
 moved to Illinois ; thence to Iowa; and thence to California, where he died. 
 Walter removed to Illinois, and died there. 
 
 Leonard B. Freeman, son of Silas, was born in Cayuga Co., July 9, 1814, 
 and came to Clymer in 1828, at the age of 14. He was married, April 25, 
 1838, to Betsey, a daughter of Wm. F. Brown, who was bom January 10, 
 182 1. He settled on Clymer Hill, near the center of the town ; whence he 
 removed, in 1853, to French Creek, and in 1856 to Clymer village, where he 
 now resides. His business has been that of a farmer and of a dealer in 
 cattle. He has held several town offices, and was once elected a justice of 
 the peace, but declined to qualify. He had 5 children : Wilhelmina, Constan- 
 tine, Morley, Eugenia, wife of Phineas J. Morris, and Adelia. Morley en- 
 listed in the late war, in 1861, under Col. Drake, of the 112th regiment, and 
 died in the hospital, April 30, 1862. 
 
 Peter Jaquins removed from Guilford, Chenango Co., to Cattaraugus Co., 
 in 1820, and settled, in 1825, on lot 42, which he bought in 1824, near the 
 present railroad depot, where he now resides. Like many other pioneers, he 
 was fond of hunting, in which he was excelled by few in this region. His 
 children were : Bruce, who resides near his father ; Edward, who resides in 
 Kansas, and owns a large tract of land, and is an extensive dealer in cattle ; 
 
CLYMER. 297 
 
 Wallace, who died in Penn. ; Art, a dealer in cattle, in town. A daughter, 
 Elizabeth, resided for a time in California, where her husband died. She 
 now resides in this town near her father, and has a daughter, Mary S., bom 
 in California, now 16 years of age. Peter Jaquins was -a soldier in the war 
 of 181 2, from Chenango Co., and was in the battle of Queenston. 
 
 Ralph Pettit, from Cayuga Co., settled on lot 47, in the north part of the 
 town, where he still resides. He has held several responsible town offices. 
 His children were : Justus, Clarissa, Lovena, Ralph, Charlotte, Polly, James, 
 and Burrows, besides twins, not named. Justus was married, and died in 
 Penn. Clarissa, wife of Wm. Russell ; and they removed to Kansas. The 
 others are married, and reside in the county. • 
 
 Horace Starkweather, bom in Brandon, Vt., in 1794, and has been repre- 
 sented by himself or some other person, to have come to Clymer in April, 
 1820, and was the first to commence as a farmer in the town. This conflicts 
 with the statements elsewhere given relating to the early settlement of the 
 town. The Company's books show Wm. Rice's contract for land to have 
 been the first in this town, in May, 1820. Starkweather's is dated October, 
 1821 ; and the State Gazetteer says he settled on lot 43 in 1822. Although 
 the date of contract does not always determine the date of settlement, it is 
 not probable that Starkweather settled so early as 1820. 
 
 Samuel Wickwire, from Madison Co., about 1828, settled on lot 16, north- 
 west part of the town ; subsequently on lot 23, where he still resides, at the 
 advanced age of 85 years. He had 4 sons: Samuel, deceased; Nathan, who 
 lives in Ripley; Ira G., who owns a part of the homestead farm; and Alfred 
 Y., on the farm first purchased by his father. Two daughters were : Mary, 
 wife of William Rice, of Sherman ; and Cornelia, wife of William Wells, of 
 Clymer. 
 
 Urbane Hitchcock, from Madison Co., settled on lot 15, bought in 1829, 
 where he still resides. His 2 sons, Henry and Harvey, are residents of the 
 town. He had five daughters, of whom none, it is believed, reside in the 
 town. 
 
 Charles Brightman, an early settler on lot 30, removed to Mason City, 
 Iowa. He had no sons, but a large number of daughters, none of whom, it 
 is believed, reside in the town. Mr. Brightman was for 4 years supervisor of 
 the town. 
 
 Alexander Maxwell settled on lot 30, where he now resides. His sons, 
 Charles, Samuel, Edwin, and William, reside in the neighborhood of their 
 father ; Henry, in Newark, New Jersey ; and George, removed to the West. 
 A daughter married Wm. Cleveland, and is deceased. 
 
 Dr. Peck settled early in the north-east part of the town, on lot 6 ; aid 
 still resides there. He was an early practicing physician in Clymer. He 
 had a large family of children, most of them deceased. 
 
 David Phinney, from Brandon, Vt, settled on lot 41, in 1826, where he 
 lived until his death, aged nearly 81 years. He had 3 sons, Harvey A., 
 Daniel P., and David. Harvey came to Phelps, Ontario Co., in 1810, where 
 
298 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 he practiced medicine until 1828, when he came to Clymer, and practiced 
 until his death. Daniel was a deacon of the Baptist church ; removed to 
 Marengo, 111., where he now resides. David, Jr., went to California, and is 
 probably not living. 
 
 Artemas Ross, son of Charles Ross, came with his father from Chenango 
 Co., in 1824, to Clymer Hill. He married Mary Jones, daughter of Thomas 
 Jones, of French Creek; studied law with Abner Lewis, Esq., of. Panama; 
 and was licensed as an attorney. His children were : Thomas, a druggist at 
 Findley's Lake ; Charles, and Ida. 
 
 The first town-meeting was held, April 3, 1821, at the house of Gardner 
 Cleveland ; and the following named officers were elected ; the town then 
 comprising four townships : 
 
 Supervisor — Ande Nobles. Town Clerk — David Waldo. Assessors — 
 Wm. Rice, Roger Haskell, John M. Fitch. Com'rs of Highways — Roswell 
 Coe, John Cleveland, Alexander Findley. School Inspectors — Ephraim Dean, 
 Ande Nobles, John Lynde. School Com'rs — John Heath, Roger Haskell. 
 Overseers of Poor — Alexander Findley, Roswell Coe. Fence Viewers and 
 Damage Appraisers — Wm. Thompson, Amon Beebe, Jr., Roger Haskell. 
 Constable and Collector — Eli Belknap. 
 
 Supervisors from 18 21 to iSyS- 
 
 Ande Noble, 182 1. John Heath, 1822, '23, '30. Gardner Cleveland, 
 1824 to '27 — 4 years. Abishai S. Underwood, 1828. Alex. Wilson, Jr., 
 1829. Wm. Rice, 183 1 to '34, 1836 to '39, 1841, '42, '45 — 11 years. Har- 
 vey A. Phinney, 1835. Ira F. Gleason, 1840. Moses Randall, 1843, '44. 
 Samuel Bly, 1846, '47. Lyman Brown, 1848. Charles Brightman, 1849, 
 '50, '58, '59. Stephen W. Steward, 1851 to '55 — 5 years. Jesse Brown, '56, 
 '71, '72. Horatio Hill, 1857. Hercules Rice, i860. Lawyer S. Terry, 
 1861. Hartson S. Ayer, 1862, '63, '68, '69, '70 — 5 years. Joshua Hatton, 
 1864 to '67 — 4 years. Otis J. Green, 1873, '74. Jesse Brown, 1875. 
 
 The first birth in town was that of Patience Russell, in 1823; the first mar- 
 riage, that of Walter Freeman and Abigail Ross, in 1823. William Rice was 
 the first blacksmith. The first school was taught by Maria Stow, sister of 
 John Stow. 
 
 The first store in Clymer is said to have been kept by John Stow, in 1823. 
 John Heath and Joseph H. Williams succeeded Stow, and built a pearl- 
 ashery, an indispensable appendage to a pioneer store ; black salts being the 
 only product that commanded cash. Alvin Williams, brother of Joseph, suc- 
 ceeded them in the store, and also kept an inn, in 1826, the first in town. 
 Heath and Williams went to North-east, Pa.; traded there several years, and 
 dissolved. Williams went to Erie, where he was successful in trade, and be- 
 came a banker ; removed to Philadelphia, and there died. Later merchants 
 at Clymer were : Gardner Cleveland, Jr., and Howard Blodgett ; Ira F. Glea- 
 son and John Williams, son of Alvin Williams ; and Gleason and Stephen 
 W. Steward ; Stephen W. Steward; and Ayres & Blood. Present merchants : 
 
CLYMER. 299 
 
 Wm. B, Blodgett, Arthur Beach. Druggists, Ayres & Coffin. Hardware 
 and stoves, Willis D. Gallup & Son. 
 
 The first tavern was kept by Alvin Williams, in 1826. He was succeeded 
 as innkeeper by his son, John Williams, who built the present public-house 
 in the village. It was kept by him for several years, and is now owned and 
 kept by James King. 
 
 The first saw-mill was built by Peter Jaquins, in 1825, to which he added 
 a grist-mill the next year. Eight years after their erection, they were burned. 
 A new saw-mill was built immediately, and eight years thereafter, that was 
 burned ; and Mr. Jaquins again built a new one, which he subsequently sold 
 to. Porter Damon and John Williams, who built also a grist-mill. Williams 
 sold his interest to Damon, after whose death the mills passed to his sons, 
 Loren and Andrew. The latter sold his interest to Hartson S. Ayres & Bro., 
 and the saw-mill was sold to Hall & Shepard. The grist-mill has been con- 
 tinued by Ayres & Bro., who have within the last year much enlarged and 
 improved it. Hall sold out to Welch, of Buffalo ; and the present proprie- 
 tors of the saw-mill, Shepard & Welch, are erecting a large 3-story mill, in 
 which machinery is to be placed for a planing and a shingle mill. William 
 Rice built a grist-mill about ^ of a mile below the village, on the west 
 branch of the Broken Straw, and sold it to Judson Hurlbut, who built a saw- 
 mill also. Mills are now owned by his son, BjTon J., at the same place. 
 Daniel Hurlbut built a saw-mill on Big Broken Straw, on lot 50, a mile below 
 the Shepard & Welch mill. John B. Knowlton now owns the mill, with 
 machinery for planing, turning, and the manufacture of agricultural imple- 
 ments. Thomas Card built a saw-mill in the east part of the town, on lot 
 20, where he still owns a mill, which is in operation. James Upton built a 
 saw-mill on lot 45, the dam of which is built of stone from a large quarry of 
 his own, near the mill. The mill is not now running. B. Parker early built 
 a mill in the south-east part of the town, on lot 9. A mill on the same site 
 is now owned by Christopher Whitford. A steam saw-mill was built by 
 Shepard & Havens, at Clymer station, and is now owned by William Havens. 
 A steam mill has also been recently built near the center of the town, by 
 Charles Maxwell and Joshua Hatton. 
 
 The first physician was Roswell F. Van Buren. • He was a native of 
 Broadalbin, N. Y. ; came to Clymer in 1826, and removed to Carroll in 1836, 
 where he practiced many years. He finally removed to tlfe West, and died 
 at Cherry Valley, 111., Feb. 24, 1863. He was succeeded by Dr. Harvey A. 
 Phinney, who continued in practice here until his death, which was as late 
 as 1852, perhaps later. Dr. Mackers succeeded him. Later were Drs. 
 Spratt, McWharf, and others. Present physician, Artemas Ross. 
 
 The first tannery was established by Ebenezer Brownell, on lot 35. He 
 was the principal tanner and shoemaker for about ten years. The next after 
 Brownell were James and Cyrus Chapman, who were followed .by John 
 Williams, who built a larger one, continued it for several years, and sold out 
 to Fritts ; and Fritts to Walter and Loren B. Sessions, the present 
 
300 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 owners. A tannery was established several years ago, by Leonard Koomen, 
 who sold to J. Newton McKay, on Clymer Hill, [Jackson Corners,] at which 
 an extensive business is done, giving employment to about 30 men. 
 
 Biographical and Genealogical. 
 
 Ly.man Brown, born in Kingston, Luzerne Co., Pa., May 30, 1801; re- 
 moved to Hamburgh, Erie Co., N. Y.; thence to Clymer, and, in 1830, settled 
 on lot 2&, which he had bought in 1829, where he died, March 30, 1873. 
 Mrs. Brown died Sept. 30, 1873. Mr. B. was, during most of his business 
 life, a cattle dealer and drover. He held the office of supervisor and other 
 town offices. He had 3 sons and 4 daughters : i. Jesse, who lives near the 
 late residence of his father, and was for several years supervisor. He was 
 also a merchant, in company with Wm. B. Gleason. 2. Martin, who lives 
 near the homestead of his father. 3. Homer, who owns and occupies the 
 homestead. 4. Amelia, wife of Charles Maxwell, at Clymer Center. 5. 
 Diantha, wife of David Marsh, in Ellery. 6. Ajigeline, wife of Charles 
 Chappel, at the village. 7. Geraldina, wife of Harvey J. Bemis. 
 
 Gardner Cleveland, Sr., was born in Pomfret, Conn., Sept. 25, 1763. 
 He was married to Mary Holmes, and removed to Jefferson Co., N. Y., and 
 thence to Clymer, where he settled on land bought in 1820 ; he being the 
 second original purchaser of land in this town. He was a soldier in the war 
 of the Revolution, and died in 1851 where he settled. Mrs. C. died in 1830. 
 They Jiad 3 children: i. John, born in 1788, and was married to Eunice 
 Fitch, who had 11 children, besides one that died in infancy : Hartley A., 
 Susan T., Don Carlos, John F., Mary H., Wm. R., Erastus, Eunice E., 
 Roxa A., Deming S., and Marenus R.; all of them living except Mary H. 
 Hartley and Don Carlos are in Illinois, and John F. is one of the proprie- 
 tors of the New York Tribune. 2. Gardner, Jr., born in 1790, and was 
 married to Lydia Parkhurst. Their children were : Nathan P., Edwin, Gil- 
 bert C, Lydia A., Cordelia, Roxa B., Gardner H., twins, died infants, and 
 John, Nathan and Roxa not living. 3. Roxana, bom in 1793, and was 
 married to Wm. F. Brown, and died in 1848. They had 10 children, besides 
 one that died in infancy : Mary, wife of Hercules Rice ; Samuel E.; Frederic 
 T.; William W.; Lydia,»wife of John B. Tyler; Betsey, wife of Leonard Free- 
 man ; Gardner C; Dorcas ; ■f ennett A., wife of John W. Chappel ; and Fer- 
 nando G. MaiMfWilliam, Gardner, and Dorcas, not living. 
 
 Ira F. Gleason, son of Ira Gleason, an early settler in French Creek, 
 removed with his father from Sharon, Conn., to Madison Co.; was married 
 tO' Caroline Force, and, in 1831, removed to French Creek, on lot 10. In 
 1837, he removed to Clymer, and engaged in the mercanrile business, which 
 he continued until 1857. He was a school teacher before and after he came 
 to this town. He was supervisor of French Creek and in Clymer, and was 
 also justice of the peace in both towns — for several terms in Clymer. His 
 children were : i. William £., who married, first, Sarah E. Martin, of Hol- 
 land, Erie Co.; second, Mary A. Fuller, of French Creek. He was for 
 
CLYMER. 301 
 
 several years a partner of his father in trade, and is at present postmaster at 
 Clymer. He has, by his second wife, 3 children : Mary L., Frank E., and 
 Guy C. M. 2. Charles S., who married Mary Tanner, of Clymer. He is at 
 present a practical engineer in railroad and manufacturing establishments, 
 and resides at Clymer village. His children are : , Esther, and Iva. 
 
 Otis D. Hinckley, bom in Livingston Co., settled in Clymer, in May, 
 1850, where he still resides. He was married to Cordelia, a daughter of 
 Hugh W. Lowry, a merchant at Westfield. He has been several times 
 elected justice of the peace, which office he still holds. He has also held 
 the office of justice of the sessions of the county court. He has also for 
 many years served the people of this region as a surveyor, to the present 
 time. He was elected in November, 1874, to represent the first assembly 
 district in the legislature of 1875. He was also a merchant for a time after 
 his arrival here. He has two daughters, Corrie K. and Mary E. 
 
 William Rice was born in Cambridge, Washington Co., N. Y., March 
 28, 1787 ; and was married to Rachel Waldo, who was bom Sept. 10, 1792. 
 They removed to Mayville in 1810. In 182 1, they removed to Clymer, and 
 settled on lot 59, which he bought in 1820. He was for 11 years elected 
 supervisor of the town ; and he was for many years a justice of the peace. 
 In 1840, he represented the county in the assembly, with Odin Benedict and 
 George A. French. Mr. Rice had 12 children, of whom two died in infancy. 
 I. Almira Maria, wife of Robert Smith, deceased. She resides at Harvard, 
 111. 2. Victor Moreau, [see sketch.] 3. William S., who married Sarah K. 
 Davis, of Hamilton, Ontario, and resides in Buffalo. He was a teacher for 
 about 2 1 years of the time in the city of Buffalo, where he is at present city 
 superintendent of education. 4. James Wilder, who died at 21, in Iowa. 
 5. Henry Hamilton, who resides in Ogdensburg, Wisconsin ; his wife de- 
 ceased. 6, 7. Aurilla Cornelia and Marilla Cordelia, twins, the latter de- 
 ceased ; Cornelia, the wife of Cyprian Bracken ; she resides at Yonkers, 
 N. Y. 8. Clark W., who died at 22, in CaUfomia. 9. Emily ^., principal 
 of the Female Seminary at Yonkers, unmarried. 10. Edward C, who mar- 
 ried Laura Emmons ; and is of the firm of Rice, Quimby & Co., commission 
 merchants. New York. 
 
 Victor M. Rice was bom at Mayville, April 5, 1818. He was a son of 
 Wm. Rice, a native of Washington Co., and the first settler in Clymer, in 
 182 1. He graduated at Allegany College, Meadville, Pa., in 1841. Soon 
 after, he accepted the position of a teacher in Buffalo High School, and 
 also established a commercial writing school. He was employed in public 
 schools in Buffalo from 1848 to 1854, during the last year of which time 
 he was city superintendent of schools. From 1854 to 1857 he was state 
 superintendent of public instruction. After three years he was again 
 appointed to that office, in which he was continued for two terms of three 
 years, which expired in April, 1867, having discharged the duties of the 
 office with general acceptance. After leaving college, he engaged as deputy 
 clerk in the county clerk's office at Mayville, and commenced the study of 
 
302 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 law with Wm. Smith, and remained there until 1843, when he went to Buf- 
 falo. In 1846, he edited The Cataract, a temperance paper, which was 
 afterwards changed to Western Temperance Standard, of which he became 
 proprietor and publisher. Mr. Rice was married Nov. 26, 1846, to Maria 
 L. Winter, at Madison, O. They had 9 children : Spencer V., a teacher in 
 Lehigh University, Pa.; Clark W. ; William W. ; Jesse M., who died in 187 1, 
 aged 18; William H.; Lemuel D. ; Lubin W. ; Gracie L.; Abbie M. Of 
 these, William W., Lemuel D., and Abbie M., died in infancy. 
 
 Churches. 
 
 The Methodist Episcopal Church in Clymer was organized about the year 
 1825. Rev. John P. Kent, who is still living, formed the first class in Cly- 
 mer village. The members of this class, as stated from recollection, were 
 Lawrence Amidon and Adelia Amidon, Elijah and Sarah Amidon, Leonard 
 and Esther Amidon, John and Phebe Bliss, James and Mary Morden, 
 Rachel Rice, and Ebenezer Brownell; and subsequently Sophrona Brownell, 
 who is still living. The circuit was called North-east; John P. Kent, minis- 
 ter in charge; Rev. Wm. Swayzee, presiding elder. Mr. Kent was succeeded, 
 in 1826, by Rev. Henry Knapp ; and he, in 1827, by Wilder B. Mack and 
 John C. Ayres. The society has been regularly supplied with pastors until 
 the present time. The present pastor is Rev. J. F. Hill. 
 
 The First Baptist Church of Clymer was organized about the year 1828, 
 The persons who composed the church at the time of its formation were ; 
 Samuel Alvord and wife, Silas Barnes and wife, Mrs. Abigail Bennett, Polly 
 Terry; and at the same time or not long after, Abishai Underwood and wife. 
 Mrs. Roxa Thompson, and perhaps a few others. The first house of worship 
 was built in 1840, and was since given as a donation to the United Brethren, 
 by whom it is still occupied. Their present church edifice was built in 1868- 
 69, and dedicated in August, 1869. The first minister of this church was 
 Samuel Alvord; and after him. Ransom Swain, Levant Rathbun, and others. 
 The first deacon was Daniel P. Phinney. Present deacons, Leonard B. 
 Freeman and John Marsh. Clerk, Melancthon Gleason. 
 
 DUNKIRK. 
 
 Dunkirk was formed from Pomfret, Nov. 17, 1859, the division line being 
 the north line of lots 2, 9, 15, 21, 26, 31, 35, 38. The town of Pomfret, at 
 the time of the division, comprised the square township 4, of the 12th range, 
 and the triangular township 5, lying north of it, containing a less area than 
 a regular township. In the formation of Dunkirk, from the 5th township, 
 the two southern tiers of lots were left to the town of Pomfret. Therefore 
 Dunkirk contains only 6,632 acres, while Pomfret has an area of 28,899 
 acres. The probable reasons for such division are elsewhere stated. [See 
 Pomfret.] 
 
-^-C-i 
 
 y^^^ 
 
DUNKIRK. 303 
 
 Original Purchases of Lots and parts of Lots within the present Town 
 
 of Dunkirk. 
 
 1804. June, John Williams, 21. October, Benjamin Barrett, 27. Zattu 
 Gushing, 28, 29, 33. 
 
 1805. February, Benjamin Barrett, 27. March, Seth Cole, i, 2, 9. June, 
 Richard Douglass, 3. Rufus Langdon, 15. Seth Cole, 9. 
 
 1806. October, Ephraim Pease, 36. 
 
 1807. January, Hezekiah Fisk, 3. May, Jonathan Bartoo and John Van 
 Tassel, 24. July, Theron Strong and Simeon Wilber, 18. Samuel Geer, 22. 
 October, Samuel Richardson, 32. November, John Brigham, 23. 
 
 1809. June, Luther Goulding, 24. November, Oliver Weatherby, 10; 
 [art. to Isaac Loomis.] 
 
 1 8 10. January, Samuel Brigham, 19. February, Solomon Chadwick, 24. 
 March, Daniel Getchell, 11. April, Nathaniel Munn, 13. May, Benjamui 
 Barnes, Jr., 16. 
 
 18 11. March, John Barge, 3. Richard Douglass, 3. John G. Billings, 11. 
 
 1812. February, Arnold Russell, 22. April, Stephen Washburn, 12. May, 
 Enos Eastman, 22. December, John Pratt, Jr., 17. 
 
 1813. March, Richard Douglass, 3. 
 1815. October, John Burt, (or Bunt,) 17. 
 
 i8i6. June, Charles Harris, 17. Richard Douglass, 4. November, 
 Daniel G. Garnsey, 13. December, Calvin Spafiford, 4. 
 
 1817. January, Daniel G. Garnsey, 6, 7. Ezra Andrews, 16. March, 
 Asa Owen, 5. Abel Carpenter, 4. Jacob Houghton, 39. Daniel G. Garn- 
 sey, 12, II, 10. Robert Kenyon, 5. May, Caleb Seager, 32. 
 
 1827. September, Joshua Douglass, 36. 
 
 Seth Cole, from Paris, Oneida XHo., N. Y., June 5, 1805, bought land of 
 Judge Gushing at the mouth of Canadaway creek, and settled there. He 
 paid for the land with some improvements, $3.33 per acre. He also bought 
 other lands directly from the Holland Company. He contracted with Elli- 
 cott to cut and clear out a road a rod wide from the town line between Pom- 
 fret and Portland to Silver Creek, for $10 a mile. Like others of the earliest 
 settlers, he had to go to mill with his first crop of com to Niagara Falls, and 
 afterwards to 20 mile creek in Pennsylvania. They went with ox-teams on 
 the ice. Mrs. Cole earned the name of a heroine in the war of 181 2. She 
 was then a widow ; and her son Erastus, who was a volunteer in the militia, 
 was absent at Lewiston. A company of militia was stationed at widow 
 Cole's, at the mouth of the creek, in July, 181 2, to protect the small com- 
 merce of the lake. Salt boats and other small craft were liable to be seized 
 by British cruisers. A salt boat chased by a British cruiser came into the 
 mouth of the creek for protection. The cruiser anchored one-fourth of a 
 mile from shore. The salt boat had run up on the west side of the mouth 
 of the creek, and had a swivel on board, which the hands had hoisted out 
 and placed on the crotch of a large tree, which they fired upon a boat with 
 13 men sent out from the cruiser, and making its way to the salt boat. 
 When within musket shot, Capt. Tubbs and his company of about 40 men, 
 who lay concealed behind a sand bank on the east side of the creek, ran up 
 the bank and fired ; and the boat put back, with the loss of 10 men, kiljed 
 
304 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 and wounded, out of her 13 men. Dufing the fight, Mrs. Cole acted as a 
 general patrol. She mounted her horse, and went to Fredonia to rally the 
 men to the mouth of the creek ; and after her return, she was actively 
 engaged in carrying food and drink to the little army. This has been called 
 the first naval fight after the declaration of war. [Old citizens, residing in 
 the vicinity at that time, doubt that any of the men in the boat were killed.] 
 Solomon Chadwick, a native of Weston, Mass., emigrated with his family 
 to the present site of Dunkirk, from Madison county, in or about the year 
 1810 ; his purchase of lot 24 bearing date Feb. 21, of that year. From him 
 the place took its early name, Chadwick's Bay. He subsequently sold his 
 article of agreement with the Holland Company, to Daniel G. Gamsey for 
 $2,000. He finally removed to Perrysburg, where he died Jan. 10, 1864, in 
 his 87th year, having been born October 16, 1777. He was a widower, and 
 resided, at the time of his death, with his son, Luther Chadwick. His wife's 
 maiden name was Jerusha Gleason. She died about 1845. They had four 
 children, all of whom survived him : Luther, at Perrysburg ; and three mar- 
 ried daughters in Wisconsin. 
 
 Village of Dunkirk. 
 
 In 1808, Timothy Goulding settled about one mile west of the harbor. 
 In 1809, Solomon Chadwick located on the site of the present village. He was 
 
 soon followed by Gaylord, Luther Goulding, and Daniel Pier. Although 
 
 a vessel is said to have been brought into the harbor, by Samuel Perry, as 
 early as 1810, it was several years before the settlement was entitled to be 
 called a village, as will appear from the following sketch of its early history, 
 orally given to the writer by one of its early and most distinguished citizens, 
 as well as one of its principal business men. 
 
 In the year 1816 or 1817, Solomon Chadwick, Luther Goulding, Timothy 
 Goulding, Abraham Pier, and others, sold their farms, or assigned their con- 
 tracts, to Ehsha Jenkins, of Albany, as trustee for a company composed of 
 
 Isaiah and John Townsend, De Witt Clinton and Thorn, who bought 
 
 1,008 acres of land, a part of the present site of the village of Dunkirk, and 
 took a deed from the Holland Land Company. About 40 or 50 acres they 
 surveyed into village lots. In i8i8, they built a wharf and warehouse, at the 
 foot of Center street, a hotel and other buildings, costing, in all, about $20,000. 
 In 1825, the company sold to Walter Smith, of Fredonia, an undivided half 
 of the property, with improvements, for $10,000; the village containing at 
 that time about 50 inhabitants. Mr. Smith removed to Dunkirk in 1826. 
 The population, in 1830, was supposed to have increased to about 1,000. 
 
 In or about 1833, Mr. Smith sold out his half interest to men in the city of 
 New York at a large advance above the cost; and, for less than half of the 
 sum received, he bought of the Company the other half In 1838, the land 
 was divided into shares among the owners ; and one-fourth of the proceeds 
 of the sales of the lands was to be given to the New York & Erie Railroad 
 Cqmpany, on condition that the road should be built within six years. In 
 
DUNKIRK. 305 
 
 this, however, the company failed, although the time had been twice extended. 
 But when the construction of the railroad had become assured, the proprie- 
 tors of the lands made a donation to the railroad company of 40 or 50 a6res 
 for a ddpot and other purposes. It may be remarked here, that Mr. Smith, 
 after having bought out the Townsend company, purchased for the associa- 
 tion an addition to their lands of about 600 acres. After the completion of 
 the railroad, the property was sold and the proceeds divided among the 
 proprietors. 
 
 The name of the place was originally " Chadwick's Bay," taken from Solo- 
 mon Chadwick, one of the early settlers. Its present name is said to have 
 been given to it by, or at the suggestion of Elisha Jenkins, one of the pro- 
 prietors before mentioned. The Jenkins brothers and their father had been 
 shipping merchants, first in Hudson; and afterwards they had also a business 
 house in New York, where some of the firm resided. Elisha was for a time 
 engaged for the firm at Dunkirk, in France; the bay in which place resem- 
 bled Chadwick's Bay on Lake Erie: hence the name of Dunkirk. [Mr. 
 Jenkins was secretary of state of the state of New York, in 1811-13.] 
 
 This village was incorporated in 1837, when the memorable speculating 
 mania prevailed in this state, and scarcely less in other states, when imagin- 
 ary fortunes, without number, were made in the purchase of real estate. The 
 effect upon Dunkirk is thus described by Judge Warren in his historical 
 sketches of Chautauqua county : 
 
 "The speculations in real estate, which were at their height during this 
 period, and which have resulted in such incalculable injury to the interests 
 of the whole people, affected the village of Dunkirk more seriously than any 
 other point in the county. The termination of the New York and Erie 
 railroad at this place, pointed it out to those most deeply affected with the 
 contagion, as a spot on which operations of the kind might be carried on for 
 a while at least with success. The rage for corner lots and eligible sites, was 
 rife, and ran to so high a pitch, that men of all pursuits — farmers, mechan- 
 ics, merchants, lawyers, and even ministers of the gospel, embarked upon 
 the wild sea, without rudder or ballast, with nothing to propel them but a 
 whirlwind, that soon scattered them in broken fragments upon a lee shore. 
 
 "Though affected to a greater degree, this village was not alone in its 
 madness. Most of the other villages were more or less influenced by the 
 mania that swept over the land, and suffered in proportion to the extent of 
 their operations." 
 
 Dunkirk harbor, though wholly artificial, is a good one, several appropria- 
 tions having been made by Congress for its improvement; and it has the 
 capacity for a large amount of business. Railroads, however, have seriously 
 affected its lake commerce, the line of steamers having been many years 
 since withdrawn. Its railroad advantages are important. The Erie railway 
 terminates here; and the Lake Shore & Michigan Southern railroad passes 
 through the town; and the Dunkirk, Allegany "Valley & Pittsburgh rail- 
 road terminates in the village. It is also connected by a horse railroad with 
 Fredonia, three miles south. 
 
 Its manufactures are extensive, notwithstanding the adverse effects of the 
 
3o6 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 existing general depression of the various branches of industry throughout 
 th^. country. An important establishment is Brooks' Locomotive Works. By 
 the removal, in 1861, of the Erie railway machine and repair shops, with 
 several hundred workmen, the business prosperity of Dunkirk was materially 
 affected. But the minds of the citizens were much relieved when they 
 learned, in the ensuing fall, that a company had leased the machine shops 
 for a term of years, and would turn them into permanent locomotive works. 
 The capital stock of the company was at first $350,000, and was subsequent- 
 ly increased to $500,000. At the head of this company was Horatio G. 
 Brooks, the present superintendent of the establishment. By the increase 
 of the number of workmen, and the addition of improved machinery, it 
 became one of the greatest manufacturing enterprises of its kind in the state. 
 The Erie company, with its other work, had made a little more than one 
 locomotive in a month; the present company turned out seven per month. 
 The financial crisis of 1873 caused a suspension of operations for a time. 
 Business, however, has been resumed, and is carried on, though on a less 
 extensive scale than formerly. 
 
 The establishment known as Dunkirk Iron Works, was originally erected 
 for the purpose of manufacturing locomotives, by a stock company; but the 
 company failing in the accomplishment of their designs, the property 
 was purchased by Clark & Allen, who, in the spring of 1865, commenced 
 the manufacture of boilers, engines, and general job work. In the spring of 
 1868, the establishment was- purchased by Sellew & Popple, of Gowanda, 
 N. Y. These enterprising proprietors, having had long experience in the 
 iron foundry business, enlarged the works, putting up new buildings and add- 
 ing new machinery, thereby enabling them to manufacture a great variety of 
 machinery, including mowers, planers, matchers, grist and saw-mill machinery, 
 com shellers, potato diggers, castings of all kinds, besides boilers and en- 
 gines. Wm. B. O'Connell purchased an interest in the establishment in the 
 spring of 1873, and the business was continued, under the name of Sellew, 
 Popple & O'Connell, with increasing success, until the death of Mr. O'Con- 
 nell, which occurred July i, 1875. The number of men employed has 
 ranged from 60 to 100, and the annual sales Have been from $80,000 to 
 $150,000. Sellew & Popple have repurchased Mr. O'Connell's interest in 
 the establishment, and now continue the business in all its branches. 
 
 Skinner &• Gifford Manufacturing Co. have an establishment for manu- 
 facturing all kinds of railway track supplies, and a great variety of other 
 articles. Among them are the locomotive hoisting machine, car hoisting and 
 truck transfer machine, cast-iron turn table, portable turn table, coaling 
 derrick, portable wrecking derrick, steel scraperg, nut tapping machine, Howe 
 truss bridge, cast iron fronts, etc. This manufacturing firm is a compara- 
 tively new one ; but the constantly increasing products of the establishment 
 give fair promise of its attaining a high rank among the manufacturing enter- 
 prises of the county. 
 
 There are several other manufacturing establishments, among which are 
 
YLc^W^ 1f^0a,od^^v<^ 
 
DUNKIRK. 307 
 
 Flesher's Iron Works ; two manufactories of sash, doors and blinds ; two 
 flouring mills ; one lime and one plaster mill, and several smaller manufac- 
 turing establishments. It has also a number oi planing mills, and a consider- 
 able lumber trade. 
 
 The Dunkirk Water Works were constructed a few years since, at a cost 
 of about $100,000, for which village bonds were issued, payable in twenty- 
 five years. The water is drawn from Lake Erie, filtered through a crib sunk 
 in its waters ; and forced by machinery to all parts of the village, through 
 more than ten miles of iron pipe. A supply of water is thus furnished for 
 domestic and manufacturing purposes, and for the extinguishment of large 
 conflagrations. 
 
 Biographical and Genealogical. 
 
 MosELV Wells Abell, son of Thomas and Eunice (Griswold) Abell, 
 was bom at Bennington, Vt., Feb. 24, 1781, and was married to Ruth Bald- 
 win at Dorset, Vt., July 6, 1806. He resided some years at Crown Point, 
 where he was engaged in mercantile business, and in 18 11 removed to Buf- 
 falo ; and rented a hotel of Mrs. St. John, on the corner of Main and Seneca 
 streets, which, with his effects, was destroyed by the burning of the village. 
 After a residence in Mayville for one year or more, he came to Fredonia in 
 1815, and, with his brother, Thomas G., started a public house, which for 
 many years was a favorite stopping place for travelers. He was long post- 
 master here, and also one of the proprietors of the stage line between Buffalo 
 and Erie. In 1828, he removed to Dunkirk, where he resided till his 
 death, a respected citizen. He was one of the original members of the 
 Baptist church of Dunkirk, and for many years a deacon. He held the 
 offices of postmaster at Dunkirk, and county superintendent of the poor 
 from 1849 to 1851. His wife died in August, 1851. Mr. Abell died in 
 September, 1858, in his 78th year. He had ir children, of whom two 
 died in infancy. The others were : i. Minerva, who married Walter 
 Smith, and died February, 1855, leaving a son, Walter C., and four daughters, 
 of whom Mary married Judge John M. Barbour, New York city. 2. Lucina, 
 who married Norval Bishop, and died Nov., 1847, leaving a son, Francis M. 
 
 3. Mary Ann, wife of Rev. Timothy Stillman, D. D. They had 4 sons : 
 Mosely A., Timothy, George, and one who died in infancy; and 2 daughters : 
 Ann Mary, who married John A. Townsend ; and Ruth, who died in infan- 
 cy. Dr. Stillman and family reside in Dunkirk, where he settled in 1830. 
 
 4. Thomas B., who died at Marshalltown, Iowa, April, 1874, leaving a son 
 and a daughter. 4. Albert H., who resides in Dunkirk; had 4 children, of 
 whom 2 died young, and 2, Daniel W. and Charley, are living. 6. George M., 
 who resides in Dunkirk; had 4 children; all died in infancy. 7. Frances L., 
 who married James B. Stevens, and lives in Chicago, with 3 children. 8. 
 Casper K., who married Jane WilUams, of Jamestown ; resides in Dunkirk, 
 and has two sons and a daughter living ; and two children died in infancy, 
 g. Clara K., who married Marvin Blanchard ; has 2 sons, and resides in 
 Chicago. 
 
308 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 WiLLARD W. Brigham, son of Stephen, and grandson of Jonathan Brig- 
 ham, came with his father to Sheridan in 1816, from Madison county. In 
 18 r 8, he went to Mayville, and worked as apprentice for Robert I. Curtis, in 
 the printing office of the Chautauqua Eagle, and with Mr. Curtis' two 
 maiden sisters, performed the work of the office. The Erie Rejlector also 
 was printed by Mr. Curtis, the papers being carried by Brigham in a saddle- 
 bag on horseback to Erie for distribution. Finding the printing business 
 injurious to his health, he returned to his father's in Sheridan. In 1821, Mr. 
 Frisbee, in want of help to bring out the first number of the NeW' York 
 Censor, offered young Brigham $6 for a single week's work, which offer in 
 those days of scarcity of money, was very readily accepted. Mr. B. has, 
 during the greater part of his life, been engaged in the building of mills and 
 the manufacture and sale of lumber, and is at present the proprietor of a 
 lumber yard in Dunkirk. He formerly owned two vessels on Lake Erie, 
 which were employed in the lumber trade, and by which large quantities were 
 carried to Buffalo for the eastern markets. This business he continued until 
 about the year 1852. He was eight years a justice of the peace in Sheridan; 
 four years its supervisor, and for the term of three years a corpner of the 
 county. He was also for four years assistant-assessor of internal revenue 
 during the administration of President Lincoln. He married, first, Electa 
 Robinson, of Sheridan, who died in 1852 ; second, Louisa C, daughter of 
 Ebenezer R. Thompson. He has no children. 
 
 Daniel G. Garnsey was an early lawyer in this county. He pursued 
 his professional studies in Norwich, Chenango Co., and in the city of Troy, 
 and was admitted to practice in the supreme court. After the practice of his 
 profession for a few years in the counties of Rensselaer and Saratoga, he 
 visited Chautauqua county in 181 1, and was present at the first county court 
 in June of that year. He was there admitted to the court of common pleas; 
 but he did not then become a resident of the county. He removed to Pom- 
 fret in i8t6 ; and, it is said, either on his own account, or for a company, 
 purchased of Solomon Chadwick the land at " Chadwick's Bay," as the place 
 was then called, and for a brief period, after this purchase, " Gamsey's Bay ' 
 as well as Chadwick's. The property, as elsewhere stated, became the 
 property of the Dunkirk company, one of whom was Elisha Jenkins, of the 
 city of Hudson. He was the agent for the proprietors, and labored faithfully 
 to promote their interests in building up that village. He was ambitious of 
 political preferment. He sought and obtained the office of surrogate, and 
 superseded Dr. Squire White in that office, which he held from 1813 to 1821. 
 He held the office of district-attorney from 1818 to 1826; and was also a 
 commissioner to perform certain duties of a judge of the supreme court at 
 chambers. Finally, he was elected to Congress, in which he served two 
 terms — the period of the presidential term of John Quincy Adams. He was 
 a faithful representative, and especially so in regard to the local wants of his 
 constituents — particularly in respect to harbors, light-houses, claims of pen- 
 sions, etc. He afterwards removed to Michigan. There being some pros- 
 
DUNKIRK. 309 
 
 pect of the location of the new seat of the state government near Battle 
 Creek, he made a purchase or location there, and laid out that village now 
 bearing that name. He left that place, and made a purchase at Bertrand, 
 and laid out a village. After a few years he removed to Rock Island. Next 
 he was appointed by President Harrison, receiver of public moneys at the 
 land-office at Dixon, 111., but was removed by President Tyler. In 1851, 
 returning with his wife from Philadelphia, where they had visited a married 
 daughter, and being on his way to attend the grand celebration at Dunkirk, 
 of the completion of the Erie railroad — an event in which he felt the more 
 deeply interested from his having considered himself the parent and patron 
 of that village — -he stopped on his way with his friend and relative, Ralph 
 Plumb, Esq., at Gowanda, where he was taken violently sick with erysipelas 
 and putrid sore throat, and died after an illness of five days. May 11, 185 1, 
 in his 72d year. 
 
 Walter Smith. — No man was more intimately associated with the early 
 history of Dunkirk than Walter Smith. Probably no other in the county 
 has been so widely and so favorably known as a business man. The writer 
 of this History has a letter from a distinguished gentleman, in a remote 
 part of the state, formerly a resident of this county, who remarks, that a 
 history of Chautauqua county without a proper notice of the business career 
 of Walter Smith, would be like " the play of Hamlet with Hamlet left out." 
 And so often is his name still heard from the lips of old settlers who in early 
 times had dealings with this pioneer merchant, that we venture to devote 
 to him a little more space than is usually allotted to the sketch of a single 
 individual. 
 
 Mr. Smith was born in Wethersfield, Conn., March 21, 1800, and came 
 to Cazenova, N. Y., at the age of 15 years, and engaged as a clerk in the 
 store of Jacob Ten Eyck. At the age of 19, in March, 181 9, Mr. Smith 
 came on horseback, westward, seeking for a place of business as a merchant, 
 and determined to settle at Fredonia. He returned to Madison county, and, 
 having formed a partnership with his late employer, he brought on his goods 
 in May, and commenced business under the firm of Walter Smith & Co. ; 
 the profits to be equally divided ; Mr. Ten Eyck agreeing to furnish the 
 capital, and Mr. S. to manage the concern. Todd & Douglass commenced 
 trade the same year ; and Ralph and Joseph Plumb, who had been in trade 
 there a few years, discontinued business that year, and sold their store and 
 ashery to Mr. Smith. The business capacity of the youthful merchant was 
 soon manifest. His first year's sales of goods exceeded $20,000, and during 
 his six years' business in Fredonia, they reached the amount of $75,000 a year .' 
 The cash received for goods at the time of sale did not exceed 10 per cent. : 
 the remainder being charged to the purchaser, to be paid for in black salts or 
 house ashes, or farm produce. The latter was for a few years sold out to the 
 new immigrants at the price paid for it in goods. The annual sales of pot 
 and pearl ashes, during the six years, varied from $20,000 to $45,000. Ashes 
 were shipped to Montreal for market before the completion of the Erie 
 
3IO HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 canal, being hauled around the Falls to Lewiston. John R. Coney in Port- 
 land, Brockway in Ripley, Alvin Williams in Westfield, Guy Webster in 
 Hanover, and some one in Perrysburg, Cattaraugus county, — all had asheries, 
 and bought goods of Mr. Smith, and sold him their pot and pearl ashes, 
 which he sold in Montreal ; retained the amount of their indebtedness, and 
 paid them the remainder of the proceeds in cash. Herriot & McGunagle, 
 of Mayville, also Wm. Holbrook, Holbrook & Camp, and Camp & Colvill, 
 of Forestville, were large manufacturers of pot and pearl ashes. It was the 
 opinion of Mr. Smith that three-fourths of the pot and pearl ashes from 
 Chautauqua county, were shipped by himself the first six years. After that, 
 the manufacture diminished rapidly. 
 
 The condition of the early settlers, and the benefits derived by them from 
 a merchant doing a business like that done by him, appears from a letter 
 in the hands of the writer of this History, in which he wrote as follows : 
 
 "In 1 8 19, and for two years after, the county did not produce sufficient 
 breadstuffs and meats for the consumption of the inhabitants, whose num- 
 bers were rapidly increasing by immigration. The early settlers generally 
 came with small means : a yoke of oxen and a wagon, or ox-cart ; and the small- 
 est amount of household furniture that it was possible to keep house with. 
 The settler's first business was to go to the land-office and get a contract for 
 his 50 or 100 acres of land, on which he paid nearly all his money, generally 
 from $10 to $50, the remainder to be paid in yearly installments, with inter- 
 est. He then put up his log house, with the assistance of his neighbors. He 
 next went to the merchant to get a credit to commence clearing. He would 
 tell the merchant he had a contract for land, and that he was going to clear 
 so many acres, and bum the timber, and make the ashes into black salts. 
 And being a stranger, he wanted to get $25 or $50 in advance, in due-bills 
 for goods to buy a pig and other articles ; the due-bills to correspond in sums 
 with the cost of the articles he wished to purchase, as he could not generally 
 buy more than one in a place." 
 
 This was not the only way in which Mr. Smith accommodated settlers. 
 Not every man made black salts. Money for taxes and certain other pur- 
 poses must be had ; and as a surplus of grain was at length produced, which 
 the producer could not send to a distant market, Mr. Smith bought consider- 
 able grain of the farmers for cash ; and, though he paid a low-price, it was to 
 the producer no small accommodation. For one or two seasons he made 
 contracts with the general government to supply the forts and garrisons along 
 the western lakes. Mr. S. thought the population of the county, when he 
 came into it in 181 9, did not exceed 4,000 to 5,000. He says, in the letter 
 referred to: 
 
 " The lands along the main road from Fredonia to Westfield were mostly 
 or all settled, and clearings had been commenced ; also from Fredonia east 
 to Silver Creek. But the largest clearings were the first three or four miles 
 east and west from Fredonia. But the clearings on these farms, and those 
 on the road down the Canadaway creek, did not exceed 30 to 60 acres to a 
 farm. But these men were considered the rich men of the county : and their 
 farms were the Egypt that supplied the hew settlers with provisions before 
 they had enough land cleared to produce their own. Among the owners of 
 
DUNKIRK. 311 
 
 these farms were Mr. Barker, whose farm included the site of the village, 
 Judge Gushing, Justus Harrington, Abiram Orton, Benj. Perry, Daniel Gould, 
 Otis Ensign, John Walker, Benj. Roberts, thte Gouldings, Holmeses, Hezekiah 
 
 Turner, Grosby, Martin Eastwood, John Adams, Nathaniel Marsh, 
 
 Ebenezer Johnson, Seth Gole, Captain Simeon Fox, the Douglasses, Stephen 
 Porter, Judge Philo Orton, and Gaptain Sprague. These farms, at that time, 
 were not worth over $io to $20 per acre, and were not readily sold for 
 that." 
 
 The foregoing facts were obtained from personal conversations with Mr. 
 Smith and from a written communication, in response to our repeated and 
 urgent request, but which he did not live to finish. Of his enterprises in 
 Ohio and Michigan, little was obtained in conversation, and nothing from his 
 pen. We therefore supply the deficiency, in part, from an obituary notice 
 written by a gentleman, a life-long acquaintance of Mr. S., and who had a 
 thorough knowledge of his business life : 
 
 " Could a history be written of all that was above the ordinary range in the 
 life of Walter Smith ; of his. early experience as a merchant in Fredonia, and 
 the timely aid he gave to the struggling settlers ; of how, by his personal 
 magnetism, he stimulated activity and enterprise in others ; of the zeal with 
 which he entered into public improvements ; of his share in projecting the 
 Erie Railroad, and in the incipial measures which made its construction 
 possible ; of his labors in laying the foundations of Dunkirk ; of his agency 
 in the early development of the iron interests in Ohio ; of his extensive and 
 successful agricultural enterprise in Michigan, and how the keels he laid 
 plowed the then almost trackless waters of the lake, bringing to his mills in 
 Dunkirk the products of his own western harvests — could all the incidents 
 and results of his forecast and activity be faithfully recorded, it would make 
 a biography of interest and value. * * * Some still live who remember 
 the uncommon energy and skill he displayed, his unwearied application to 
 business, his wonderful activity, in traffic, and his liberal public spirit — a mere 
 boy with all the responsibilities and labors of mature manhood. At this late 
 day it is difficult to understand how intimately and largely that country store 
 entered into all the business transacted between the lake and the Conne- 
 wango and Allegany. It became almost a public institution. Scarcely a 
 farm was cleared, a highway opened, or a house or bam erected, but received 
 some impetus, supply or material from the general stock in trade of that 
 ample depository. Orders on Smith's store, and due-bills payable in goods 
 over his signature, became the currency of the country. In 1826, while in 
 the full tide of success, he became associated with De Witt Clinton and 
 others in the proprietorship of Dunkirk, and transferred to that new theater 
 of action, his capital, his prestige, his remarkable talent for business and 
 adventure. * * * That his plans were not always wholly successful was 
 not owing to any want of wisdom in their conception, or energy and address 
 in their execution. Fortuitous events, beyond any human control, inter- 
 vened to prevent the full realization of his hopes, or even a partial recom- 
 pense for his labors. He was largely extended and under heavy pecuniary 
 obligations, incurred in efforts to advance the growth of Dunkirk and increase 
 her commerce on the lakes, when the remarkable financial crisis of 1836 
 overtook him, and he was involved in the common disasters. We can hardly 
 realize now the desolating blight which then came over the land ; blasting 
 the fortunes and credit of individuals, communities, and states. * * * 
 
312 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 He struggled heroically through years of perplexity and trial, and in some 
 measure recovered from his complicated embarrassmeut. In 1843, he 
 moved to Ohio and assumed the management of an extensive iron establish- 
 ment on the Vermilion river, which he and others had founded in more 
 prosperous days. In 1852, he returned to Dunkirk, where he has since lived 
 in easy fortune and comparative respose, the honored center of a highly 
 respected family, cherishing him with tender and devoted affection." 
 
 Walter Smith was married to Minerva, daughter of Mosely W. Abell. 
 Their children were : Mary, who married John M. Barbour, judge of the 
 superior court in the city of New York ; Kate E. M. ; Walter C. ; Sarah, 
 widow of Hoyt G. Palmer, who died in Dunkirk ; and Cornelia, unmarried. 
 Mrs. Minerva Smith died Feb. 25, 1855. Mr. Smith died Sept. 21, 1874. 
 
 Churches. 
 
 The Baptist Church of Dunkirk was organized in 1830. Members of the 
 Baptist church at Fredonia residing at Dunkirk, having obtained permission 
 of the church to form a separate society, a council was called for this pur- 
 pose. The names of the petitioners for the new church were : John Bond, 
 James Bamaby, Daniel Bowen, Levi Persons, and sisters Ninett Bond, Susan 
 Barnaby, Lucy Bowen, Lucy Persons, Abigail Woodcock, Celinda Tefft, 
 Elizabeth Fink, and Eunice Raymond. The council met at Dunkirk, March 
 17, 1830. Letters of dismission from the church at Fredonia were presented 
 by the petitioners, and also by Betsey Farnsworth and Henry H. Ayres from 
 other churches. The council adjourned to the 5th of May, and met on 
 that day. The delegates were : from Mayville church, Rev. Jairus Handy, 
 and brethren S. Cotes, Horace Lapham. From 2d Ripley : H. Chipman, 
 Amos Mason. From ist Ripley : Isaac F. Butler, J. W. Hill. From ist 
 Pomfret : Elders Elisha Tucker, Joy Handy ; brethren J. Z. Saxton, Nathaniel 
 Crosby, Benj. Randall, D. J. Matteson. In addition to those having pre- 
 viously presented letters, the following named persons from the first church 
 in Pomfret were received : Benj. J. Robbins, James Hale, Moseley W. Abell, 
 Ruth Abell, Mary Ann Robbins, Cordelia Tefft, Nancy Church, Lovisa 
 Gates, Abel Brown. Articles of Faith were presented and accepted ; and 
 the church was duly acknowledged by the council. May 18, 1830, John 
 Bowen was chosen deacon ; John Bond, clerk. 
 
 The Presbyterian Church of Dunkirk was organized May 22, 1830, by a 
 committee previously appointed by the Buffalo Presbytery. The committee 
 consisted of Rev. Isaac Oaks, of Westfield, and Rev. B. B. Gray, of Sheri- 
 dan, with each of them a ruling elder. The following named persons were 
 present with letters : From Fredonia Church — Leonard Parmelee, Harriet 
 Parmelee, Mrs. Lucy Gumsey, Mrs. Sally Day, Mrs. Polly Ann Brigham, 
 Mrs. Sarah Williams. From Sheridan Church — Elijah Look, Augusta Look. 
 From Montgomery Presbyterian Church — Mrs. Mary S. Capron. From Ver- 
 non Presbyterian Church — Mrs. Abigail Langdon. Of these ten members, 
 of whom only two were males, Mrs. Parmelee, of Ravenna, O., and Mrs. 
 Langdon, of Dunkirk, are the only survivors, [1874.J Rev. Timothy Still- 
 
ELLERY. 313 
 
 man, D. D., was the first pastor, commencing his labors Sept. i, 1830, and 
 continuing in this relation until Sept., 1838. In May, 1839, Rev. James B. 
 Shaw was installed, and continued his pastorate until 1840, when he accepted 
 a call to the Brick church, Rochester, of which he is still the pastor. He 
 was succeeded in June, 1841, by Charles L. Hequembourg, who was ordained 
 and installed Oct. 27, 1841, and served five years. Rev. Lewis Hamilton 
 was called in June, 1849, installed in September following, and resigned June 
 1, 1853. He was succeeded, June 4, 1854, by Rev. G. W. Timlow, who, 
 after one year, gave place to his brother, Heman R. Timlow, who was 
 ordained and installed Oct. 4, 1855, and tendered his resignation Jan. ro, 
 1856. In June following. Rev. Wm. L. Hyde was elected pastor, and 
 installed July iSth. In November, 1862, he accepted the chaplaincy of the 
 II 2th regiment of New York volunteers from this county. In the spring 
 of 1865, Rev. W. A. Fox was elected pastor, and installed in July, and 
 remained four years. In 1869, he was succeeded by the present pastor. Rev. 
 Myron Adams. 
 
 Public worship was first held in the school-house on Third street, now 
 known as the lock-up. In 1831, the second story was fitted up for an acad- 
 emy and a sanctuary. In 1834, the society commenced building a church 
 edifice on the corner of Center and Third streets, where the Monroe block 
 now stands. The basement was completed, and continued as their place of 
 worship, and dedicated as such, Jan. i, 1835. The house was finished, and 
 dedicated in June, 1836. In 1857, the congregation being greatly annoyed 
 during worship by the passing of railroad trains, the society removed their 
 building to the lot now occupied by the new structure. The expense of 
 removal and repairs was about $2,000. The new house is among the finest 
 in the county, and is regarded as an honor and an ornament to Dunkirk. 
 It was dedicated October 16, 1873. 
 
 The Episcopalians, Methodists, Catholics, Free Methodists, and Univer- 
 salists, respectively, have churches ; sketches of which had not been obtained 
 before this work went to press. There are also four German churches of 
 different names or orders. 
 
 ELLERY. 
 
 Ellery was formed firom Chautauqua, February 29, 1821; named in honor 
 of William Ellery, a signer of the declaration of independence. A part of 
 Stockton was taken off in 1850. It now comprises all of township 2, of 
 range 12, lying east and north of Chautauqua Lake, together with township 
 3 of the same range, except 1 2 lots from the north part, which now form a 
 part of Stockton, and an addition of about 9 lots from the narrow strip of 
 township 3, range 13, lying east of the lake, making an aggregate area of 
 30,073 acres. The surface is hilly, the highest summits being 400 feet above 
 
314 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 the valleys, and i,ooo above Lake Erie. The soil is a olay loam on the 
 uplands, and a gravelly loam in the valleys. Several small streams take 
 their rise within the town, and flow into the lake, which forms its western 
 and southern boundary. 
 
 Original Purchases in the Town of Ellery — Township 2, Range 12. 
 
 1806. January, William Bemus, 34, 40. March, William Bemus, 35. 
 
 1807. April, Jeremiah Griffith, 10. 
 
 1809. July, John Silsby, 34. Joseph Silsby, 34. September, William 
 Smiley, 17. October, John B. Babcock, 3. Peter Simmons, 3. 
 
 i8io. March, Israel Smith, 26. Stephen R. Ludington, 26. Clark Par- 
 ker, 27. April, James Smith, 18. David Vlatteson, 19. 
 
 i8ji. Jan., Jacob Rush, 13, 20. John Silsby, 20. Aug., Asa Martin, 19. 
 
 1812. Nov., William Smith, 21, 18, 13. May, Russell Babcock, 21. 
 
 1814. September, Joseph Loucks, 11, 12. Joseph Loucks, Jr., 12. 
 
 1815. March, Isaac Young, 2. November, James P. Rogers, 31. 
 
 1816. April, Seth Clark, 14. John Miller, 21. Peter Miller, 14. 
 
 1818. August, William G. Youker, 13. September, David Klock, 13. 
 November, Daniel B. Carpenter, 45, 48. 
 
 1821. October, John Stow, 41. 
 1823. February, Philip Parker, 20. 
 
 1825. July, Nahum Aldrich, 16. August, Philip Parker, 20. December, 
 Samuel Budlong, 9. 
 
 1828. February, James Ploss, 7. William Ploss, 6. 
 
 Township j, Range 12. 
 
 1809. January, Isaac Young, 45. November, John DeMott, 5. 
 
 1 8 10. January, Isaac Young, 45, 53. Thomas Van Wert, 41. John 
 Tinkcom, 42. March, William Barrows, 6. May, Shubael S. Marsh, 63. 
 July, Alanson Weed, 61. December, Elisha Tower, 4. 
 
 181 1. June, John Bentley, 4. November, Wilson Scofield, 35. Samuel 
 Cheney, 33. Darius Sumner, 54. 
 
 1815. June, Abijah Clark, 34. Elias Scofield, 36. November, Jedediah 
 Vorce, 36. 
 
 1816. July, Adam S. Pickard, 3. 
 
 1817. April, Isaac Young, 30. May, Garret Newbury, 26. July, Elias 
 Scofield, 42. December, William Turner, 26. 
 
 1819. March, James Pickard, 3. 182 1. October, James Heath, 2. 
 
 1823. February, Gilbert Briggs, 9. April, Benjamin Traphagan, 37. 
 June, John Coe, Jr., and Norman Woodworth, 38. 
 
 1824. June, Nathan Wilber, 27. September, Azariah Ingerson, 62. 
 Samuel Waterman, 62. November, Smith Scofield, 60. 
 
 1825. March, Jacob Simmons, 3. April, Hannah Winchester, 26. 
 
 1826. August, Johanan Winchester, 27. Jotham Winchester, 28. 
 
 1827. January, David Wilber, 27. July, David Bamhart, 39. Septem- 
 ber, Ira Haskins, 60. Barry B. Fenton, 60. 
 
 1828. March, David Ripley, 39. June, Harry Hanchett, 20. 
 
 1829. April, John P. Hanchett, 20. September, William Turner and 
 others, 27. December, Alanson Weed and others, 36. Asa Turner and 
 others, 36. John B. Clock, 36. 
 
 1830. November, James S. Bennett, 22. 
 
 1831. April, Joseph Heath, i. 
 
ELLERY. 315 
 
 Part of Township 3, Range ij. 
 
 1806. February, Isaac Young, 3. June, John Putnam, 4. 
 
 1807. September, Miles Scofield, 4. 
 
 1808. September, Sam'l Cheney, i. 
 
 18 10. May, Wilson Scofield, 6. Calvin Farnsworth, 6. Darius Scofield, 6. 
 1825. May, Robertson Whiteside, 3. Shadrach Scofield, 6. 
 
 The first settlements, says the State Gazetteer, were made on the lake by 
 Wm. Bemus and Jeremiah Griffith, fi-om Rensselaer county, in 1806. The 
 former located at Bemus Point ; the latter, fiirther south. Though they were 
 probably first in occupancy, they were not the earliest purchasers. Bemus, 
 Jan. 8, 1806, articled lots 34 and 40, in tp. 2, r. 12 ; and March 31, lot 35. 
 Griffith, in April following, articled lot 10. The Company's books show 
 Alanson Weed to have purchased lot 9, tp. 3, r. 13; Filer Sacket, lot 14; 
 and Azariah Bennett, lot 10 — all on the 21st of June, 1805 ; and John Her- 
 sey, lot 17, on the 23d of June. All took articles; but Hersey never occupied 
 his lot, and, of course, it reverted to the Company. Though not in the same 
 township with the lands of Bemus and Griffith, they are in the same to2vn. 
 
 Alanson Weed, a pioneer settler of Ellery, in a letter written in 1853, 
 gives information respecting the early settlement of this town, in substance 
 as follows: In the spring of 1805, Alanson Weed, of Cayuga Co., Abijah 
 Bennett, Filer Sacket, and John Hersey, started for the West. Near Buffalo 
 they got two horses and some provisions, and went to Chautauqua, and ex- 
 plored the country about the lake. Each selected for himself a lot, and got 
 an article for it, as before stated, and returned home. The next fall, him- 
 self, Bennett, and Elias Scofield and two other men came, staid a month, and 
 returned. In the spring of 1806, Weed came with his family. Bennett 
 came with him, worked during the summer, returned, and brought his family 
 in the next winter. In the spring of 1824, Weed removed to Sherman, and 
 in 1838 to Cherry Tree township, Venango Co., Pa. 
 
 Jeremiah Griffith, a native of Norwich, Conn., removed in early life to 
 Rensselaer county, N. Y. ; thence to Madison county in 1800; and in Feb- 
 ruary, 1805, he started with his wife and six children for the Western Re- 
 serve, in Ohio. He moved with an ox-team and a wood-shod sled, and with 
 a few cows and sheep driven by the boys. At Batavia he met Alanson Weed 
 and Abijah Bennett, who persuaded him to go to Chautauqua lake. They 
 came by the way of Buffalo and Cattaraugus creek, finding at the latter 
 place only one family, [Sidney,] and at Silver Creek only the family of Abel 
 Cleveland. Thence they went by way of Westfield to the head of Chautau- 
 qua lake, where the family was left, while Mr. Griffith and his eldest son 
 went to seek a place to locate. They proceeded down the lake to Bemus 
 Point, where Mr. Bemus had been settled about two weeks. About 100 
 rods east of the extreme end of Griffith Point was a grove of young chest- 
 nut trees of second growth, four or five acres in extent, where the numerous 
 com hills indicated previous cultivation. Here, too, were several mounds, 
 supposed to have been chosen by the "builders" as a burial place. [Seep. 17.] 
 
3l6 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 Mr. Griffith having decided to locate at these lower Indian fields, he re- 
 turned for his family at the head of the lake. The two eldest boys were 
 sent around on the beach of the lake, with the oxen and stock, while the 
 remainder of the family took to the ice with hand-sleds, upon which the 
 mother and younger children might ride when they were weary. Just at 
 dark, with great difficulty they reached the shore, which had been hidden 
 from their view by a furious, blinding snow storm. With the aid of a gun 
 and spunk, they struck up a fire by the side of a fallen oak; and under a 
 shelter hastily made with hemlock boughs over the fire, they took quarters 
 for the night. 
 
 The next day, with the aid of Mr. Bemus and his men in opening a road, 
 the family reached their destination; and under a temporary shelter made 
 with crotches, poles, and boughs, before dark, on Saturday the 29th of 
 March, they found themselves comfortable and happy. A log house was 
 commenced on Monday and completed on Wednesday, the floor being made 
 of split chestnut logs ; and by the middle of May, six acres were cleared, and 
 planted with corn, potatoes, and oats. 
 
 Before midsummer, the family supplies were reduced to half a bushel of 
 potatoes and the milk of three cows; and his money was exhausted. But 
 he had 50 pounds of sugar which he had obtained in a trade. A canoe 25 
 feet in length was made from a large pine tree, and capable of carrying 600 
 to 800 pounds. In this craft Mr. Griffith and his son Samuel, about i6 years 
 of age, set out for Franklin, Pa., where they made the desired exchange, re- 
 ceiving a bushel of corn for four pounds of sugar. On their return they had 
 great difficulty in rowing their canoe against the current. They, however, 
 reached home in safety, after an absence of fourteen days. The supply of 
 meal was sufficient to last until the growing crop was harvested. The new 
 com -was ground [cracked] in a wooden mortar with a pestle, the like of 
 which is elsewhere described. 
 
 Wm. Barrows, a native of New Bedford, Mass., settled, in Oct., 1809, on 
 lot 6. A beech tree, about eight rods south of the grave yard, on the old 
 farm, still marks the place where he built his first shanty. By his request, 
 when he left the premises, this tree was never to be molested, that it might 
 remain a perpetual monument to mark the place of his first home in the 
 wilderness. The next year he built a commodious block-house, known as 
 the " Red Bird," while occupied as a tavern. It was on the great highway 
 opened by the Holland Land Company from Genesee river to the head of 
 Chautauqua lake. In January, 1813, he married Sally, oldest daughter of 
 Major Sinclear. William, his oldest son, died at Chicago, of cholera, in 1848, 
 and his wife and child died a few days after. Barrows, in a few years, con- 
 verted more than 100 acres of the wilderness into fruitful fields. He removed 
 to Lake Co., Ohio, and thence, about 1862, to IlUnois, where he died in 
 1869, aged 81. 
 
 John De Mott, in early manhood, having learned the shoemaker's trade, 
 went to Dutchess Co., where he was married ; and soon after removed to 
 
ELLERY. 317 
 
 Chenango Co. ; thence, in the fall of 1809, with his wife and five children, 
 to EUery on the Cassadaga creek, near Wm. Barrows, and so near the time' of 
 Mr. B.'s arrival, that it is doubtful which was first on the ground. The date 
 of De Mott's purchase, in lot 5, was Nov., 1809; that of Mr. Barrows, in lot 
 6, was June, 1810. This, however, does not determine priority of settlement. 
 There being then no bridge across the Cassadaga at this place, the creek was 
 forded or crossed in a canoe whenever he was obliged to go to Canadaway 
 for supplies or milling. His oldest son, Daniel, took the south half of the 
 old farm, where he resided until his death in 1851. His youngest son, 
 Lorenzo, resides near the site of his father's residence. John De Mott died 
 Dec, 1832; his wife, April, 1838. 
 
 John and Joseph Silsby, in 1809, purchased parts of lot 34, tp. 2, near the 
 lake. John Arnold is now on the homestead of Joseph Silsby ; and J. B. & 
 I. Rush and A. Smiley now, and D. Arnold previously, where John Silsby 
 settled. John Silsby was captain of a company in the war of 1812, and was 
 wounded in the battle of Buffalo. Enos Warner came early on lot 26, tp. 2, 
 on land originally bought of Israel Smith, in 18 10. He also owned land 
 adjoining, on lot 27. John R. Russell on lot 30, on land formerly owned by 
 Israel Rush. 
 
 John Love, born in Conn., in 1769, came to Chenango Co. while a young 
 man, and Feb., 181 1, to Chautauqua, bought out Josiah Hovey, who ha^ just 
 built a cabin on lot 13, t. 3, r. 12; sold to Lawrence Stom in 18 16, and 
 removed to lot 14; and in 1825 sold out to his son Frederick. He had 4 
 sons: John, who kept a tavern for more than thirty years about a mile south 
 of Sinclairville; Frederick, who, in 1834, removed to De Kalb Co., 111., where 
 he served for several years as county judge ; Henry, who died in EUery in 
 1838; and Christopher, who resides in Illinois. John Love, Sr., had 3 daugh- 
 ters, Sally, Milla, and Ellis. He died at the residence of his son Frederick, 
 in Illinois, in 1859, in his 91st year. 
 
 Among the early settlers in this town who were not original purchasers, are 
 those whose names are here given : 
 
 In ithe south-east part of the town, Wm. Atherly settled on lot 5, whose 
 heirs reside on the farm. Henry Strunk also on lot 5, the land now owned 
 by his son Walter. Henry Martin, a Methodist preacher, on lot 19; lately 
 resided on lot 11. Marcus, a son, lives in Jamestown. Thomas Arnold, on 
 lot 12, where he still resides. In 1815, Joseph Loucks, from Madison Co., 
 settled in this part of the town, with his sons, John, Daniel, and Hiram; and 
 two daughters : Margaret, wife of Jeremiah Griffith, Jr. ; and Polly, wife of 
 Wm. G. Youker. Later came the older sons, Joseph, Henry, Peter, and 
 David ; and a daughter. Charity, wife of John Rice, all of whom had fami- 
 lies, or came with them. Morgan, son of Peter, resides on his father's home- 
 stead. Jacob, son of Joseph, lived, until recently, on lot 12, on the farm 
 now owned by Marvin Bly. Elijah E. Hale on lot 17, 1833, where he and 
 his son Wm. F. reside. Wm. G. Youker, in i8i8, on lot 13; a son-in-law of 
 Joseph Loucks. G. W. Youker now resides on the place. 
 
3l8 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 In the east part, Peter Pickard settled, about 1824, on lot 9, tp. 3, where 
 his son Elisha resides ; adjoining which is land owned by Oliver F. Pickard, 
 who has at the Center a steam saw and shingle mill. A son, Peter M., resides 
 at Jamestown. Isaac N. Baldwin, on lot 17; his sons, Isaac H. and Erastiis 
 T., are in town ; the latter on the homestead. James Heath on lot 2, the 
 farm now owned by his son Austin. Other sons, Morgan L., Isaac, and 
 James, reside in the county. Seth Clark settled on lot 14, tp. 2, and has 
 recently removed to Jamestown. His son Alexander was lately a co-pro- 
 prietor of \!n& Jamestown Journal. Clark Parker, on lot 27, tp. 2, bought, in 
 1 8 10, ij4 m. south of the Center, where subsequently Thos. Parker resided, 
 now H. P. Warren. James Hale on the north line of tp. 2, land originally 
 bought by Wm. Smith, where Mr. Hale still resides. John Miller settled 
 ii/^ m. south-east from the Center, on lot 21, tp. 2, bought in i8r6, where his 
 son George W. now resides. Jacob Johnson, on lot 21, the farm previously 
 owned by Truman Hills. 
 
 In the nortk-east part, John Tompkins, about 1824, settled on lot 3, tp. 3. 
 Amos D., a son, is on the farm. His daughters were : Betsey, wife of Eras- 
 tus Hooper, of Gerry ; he is deceased ; Jane, wife of John Denike, both de- 
 ceased ; and Tamar, widow of Nathaniel T. Barger. John De Motte, on lot 
 5, bought in 1809, where his son Lorenzo S. resides. Stephen Kibbe and 
 Arki|izo Norton reside on Henry S. Barrows' farm. In 1816, Adam S. and 
 James Pickard settled on lot 3, and, after a short residence there, removed 
 to lot 22, where, in 1825, Joseph, Jr., and in 1826, Adam S. also settled. 
 Their descendants reside on the same and'adjacent lands. Abraham Becker, 
 on lot s ; James, a son, lives on the farm. 
 
 In the nortti part, Henry Coe settled on lot 39 ; his sons Finley H. and 
 Charles are on the farm. Samuel Young, about 1816, settled on lot 54. His 
 sons were : Samuel, David, Zenas C. and Enoch, of whom only David resides 
 in town. Zenas C, a lawyer, resided many years at Westfield, where he died 
 a few years ago, and where his widow and family reside. Ezra Fuller settled 
 on lot 46, where Abel Lockwood formerly resided. John W., his son, resides 
 in Kiantone ; Jane is the wife of E. D. Strong ; Louisa, deceased, was the 
 wife of Corydon Putnam ; Almira, wife of Geo. W. Belden ; Agnes, wife of 
 Edwin A. Harvey. Sylvester A. Higbee, a Baptist preacher, settled on lot 
 46, where Valorus Maxham resides. Harvey Hale, from Otsego, settled first 
 on lot 36, and removed to 38, where he now resides. His son Asahel is on 
 the same farm ; Hartwell H. also on lot 38. Festus Jones, an early black- 
 smith at Bemus Point, removed to the north part of the town on lot 37, where 
 he died. His brother Luther C, lived long and died in town. He was an 
 early surveyor. 
 
 In the central part of the town, Orrin Hale, a native of Connecticut, from 
 Otsego Co. in 1839, settled on lot 36, where he and his son Oscar now 
 reside. He had 7 sons and 3 daughters ; of whom, 4 sons and 2 daughters 
 attained maturity. The sons are : John ; Albert, who resides in Cattaraugus 
 Co. ; Oscar, and Henry. Oscar has held the offices of supervisor and justice 
 
ELLERY. 
 
 319 
 
 of the peace. Three of the sons and the two daughters have families; Henry 
 is unmarried. Elhanan Winchester settled early near the Center, on the 
 place lately oWned by Orra Wood. His brothers, Marcus, Jonadab, Jotham, 
 Francis, Ebenezer, Heman, Harford, and others, settled in the town ; but 
 the descendants of none of them remain. Ebenezer was early associated 
 with Horace Greeley in publishing the New Yorker, in the city of New York. 
 The father came later than his sons ; was married twice, and, it is said, had 
 23 children. Lewis Warner settled on lot 34 ; had sons, Albert and Harri- 
 son ; Albert is now on the homestead. Morrison Weaver, from Washington 
 Co., settled on lot 42 ; had 2 sons, Samuel and Simeon B., residents of the 
 town. Peter R. Brownell, from Rensselaer Co., settled on lot 42 ; has a son. 
 Smith H., in town. Jacob R. Brownell, on lot 43 ; has a son, William O., 
 in West Ellery. Wm: C. Benedict, son of the late Dr. Odin Benedict, was 
 bom in the town, and resides on lot 35; has 5 sons: Willis O., Warner, 
 Walter, William, and Washburn. Willis is a lawyer. All reside at home 
 e.xcept Walter. William C. Benedict was supervisor of Ellery 9 years. His 
 father held the same office 14 years. Thos. Parker, from Otsego Co., in 1812 
 settled on lot 27, tp. 2, and resides in town; had no grown up children. 
 Phihp Barker, on lot 20, is deceased ; his only son living, Aaron H., resides 
 in town, where F. Griffith lived. An only daughter living is the wife of James 
 Hale. Clark Parker, a brother, in 18 10 settled on lot 27; was ensign in 
 Capt. Silsby's company in the war of r8i2 ; was one of the founders of the 
 Baptist church at the Center, and one of the earliest deacons. He had no 
 children. James Newbury, near the Center, lot 18, now owned by Harrison 
 Warner. His sons, Sylvester B., Horace, and James L., reside near the 
 Center. Amos Wood, from Otsego Co., settled on lot 36, about 1830, and 
 still resides there. His only son died while on a visit in the West, and his 
 body was brought home for interment. 
 
 In the western part of the town, Luther Barney settled i m. westerly from 
 the Center, and died there. His sons were : Milo, who resides at the Center, 
 and is a prominent member of the Baptist church ; and Zee, on lot 31, town- 
 ship 2. James and Joseph Farlow settled near West Ellery, where they now 
 reside. George W., Charles H., and Luther, sons of James, reside in the 
 county. Joseph's sons : Daniel H., in Jamestown ; Eber, in Ellery. Ezra 
 Horton, Jr., in 1818, on lot 18, where he died July 20, 1874. His son, 
 Charles R., now resides on lot 57, tp. 3, near the lake ; David is a merchant 
 at the Center. 
 
 In the north-west part of the town, Barnabas C. Brownell, from Rensselaer 
 Co., settled on lot 7, tp. 3, r. 13, where he now resides; was son of Joseph 
 Brownell, an early settler at West Ellery. Joseph L. Brownell, Sr., on lot 35, 
 tp. 3, r. 12, where he still resides. 
 
 T^^e. first town-meeting was held in 1821 ; but the names of the officers 
 elected have not been ascertained. 
 
 Supervisors from 18 21 to 1873. 
 
 Almon Ives, 1821, 1824 to 1827, '32 — 6 years. Peter Loucks, 1822. 
 
320 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 Abijah Clark, 1823. Jonadab Winchester, 1828, '31. Robertson Whiteside, 
 1829. John Hammond, 1830. Odin Benedict, 1833 to '39, 1841, '42, 1844 
 to 1847, and 1849 — 14 years. Minot Hoyt, 1840. George F. Vandervort, 
 1843, '48, '50. Wm. S. Aldrich, 1851 to '53. Ira Haskins, 1854. Elias 
 Clark, 1855. Leman Picket, 1856, '57. Wm. C. Benedict, 1858 to '63, 
 1865, '66, '72 — 9 years. James Hale, 1864. John R. Russell, 1867. John 
 S. Bemus, 1868, '69. Oscar Hale, 1870, '71. George W. Belden, 1873, 
 '74. Oscar Hale, 1875. 
 
 William Bemus built a saw-mill va 1808, the first in this town, and the first 
 grist-mill in 181 1. Where the saw-mill was, are now a planing-mill and a 
 shingle-mill, owned by Andrew Brown; and a saw-mill is where the grist- 
 mill was. Joseph and David Loucks, about 1830, built a saw-mill in the 
 south-east part of the town, which was long since discontinued. Another 
 was built by Henry Martin a short distance below. Nathan Wilmarth built 
 a saw-mill 2 y^ miles north-west firom the Center, afterwards owned by Andrew 
 Haskins. A grist-mill was built by Thomas Wing, in 1832, a little below 
 Haskins' saw-mill, afterwards owned by Liscom Weeks, and destroyed by a 
 freshet in 1865. The most valuable flouring-mill in the town was built in 
 1832, by Seth and Samuel Griffith, in the south-east part of the town, now 
 owned by Wm. B. Griffith. 
 
 A carding and cloth-dressing establishment was early erected by Tubal C. 
 Owens, on Bemus Creek, i }4 miles north-west from the Center, but which 
 long ago disappeared. 
 
 Bemus Point Cemetery. — WUliam Bemus deeded to the town of Ellery one 
 acre of land for a burial ground. Matthew P. Bemus since purchased 7 ^ 
 acres, and conveyed the same to the Bemus Point Cemetery Association. 
 The ground was surrounded by a fence, the front of which was iron, at a 
 cost of $3,000. The association was organized in conformity to an act of 
 the legislature. It is one of the most tasteful burial grounds in the county, 
 and contains many fine monuments. A large portion of the dead from this 
 town and many from Harmony, are buried here. * 
 
 Biographical and Genealogical. 
 
 William Bemus was bom at Bemus Heights, Saratoga county, N. Y., 
 Feb. 25, 1762. About the beginning of the Revolutionary war, he removed 
 with his father to Pittstown, Rensselaer county. He was married Jan. 29, 
 1782, to Mary, daughter of Wm. Prendergast, Sr. Mr. Bemus and his 
 family were a part of the company of emigrants composed chiefly of Pren- 
 dergasts, who journeyed to Tennessee, and returned to this state, and settled 
 in Chautauqua. [See Prendergast Family, p. 264.] He came to Ripley in 
 the fall of 1805, and spent the winter in the present to^vn of Westfield, near 
 Arthur Bell's, in the west part of the town, on the Buffalo & Erie road. The 
 next spring he settled on the east side of Chautauqua lake, on land bought 
 in January, 1806, at what has since been known as Bemus Point, in Ellery, 
 where he resided until his death. He died of dropsy, Jan. 2, 1830, aged 
 
W/za'i^ <^c 
 
 i^-^-ri^^t^ 
 
ELLERY. 321 
 
 nearly 68 years. He purchased other lands in the neighborhood of his resi- 
 dence; also, early in January, 1806, on the west side of the lake, where his 
 son Thomas settled, who is believed to have been the first occupant of land 
 in the town of Harmony, though he remained several years unmarried. The 
 wife of Mr. Bemus, born March 13, 1760, died July ir, 1845, aged 85 years. 
 They were buried in EUery, in the Bemus Point Cemetery. They had a 
 large family, all of whom removed to Chautauqua county. Their children 
 were : i. Daniel, who was a physician, and removed to Meadville, Pa. He 
 married a Miss Miles, and died at Meadville. 2. Elizabeth, wife ■ of Capt. 
 John Silsby; they removed to Iowa, where they died. 3. Tryphena, who 
 married John Griffith. [See Griffith Family.] 4. Thomas. 5. Charles. 
 6. Mehetabel, wife of the late Daniel Hazeltine, of Jamestown, where she 
 still resides. 7. James, who married Tryphena Boyd, and resides at Bemus 
 Point. 
 
 Thomas Bemus, son of Wm. Bemus, settled in the town of Harmony, on 
 lot 54, tp. 2, r. 12, bought by his father, in January, 1806, and was probably 
 the first settler in that town. He built his cabin and commenced clearing, 
 soon after the purchase, though he was not married until several years after. 
 He married Jane Atkins, and had 7 daughters and 2 sons ; all of whom 
 lived to mature age and were married, as follows : i. Eliza, who was married 
 to Samuel C. Barney, of Harmony, deceased. 2. Ami M., to Simon Smiley, 
 of EUery. 3. Mindwell, to Horace Rice, of Harmony, both deceased. 4. 
 Mary, to Horace Cullum, of Meadville, Pa. 5. William, to Ann J. Jackson, 
 of Hartfield, now in Silver Creek. 6. Jane, to Wm. Hosmer, of Meadville, 
 Pa. 7. Thomas A.,X.o Ann E. Barnes, of Buffalo, now residing in Ripley. 
 8. Sarah, [deceased,] to Wm. A. Strong, of EUery, now in Portland. 9. 
 Martha, of Chautauqua, now at Saratoga Springs. 
 
 Charles Bemus, son of WiUiam Bemus, was born in Pittstown, Rensse- 
 laer Co., N. Y., Aug. 31, 1791. He came to Chautauqua with his parents 
 in 1805. [See sketch of Wm. Bemus.] He was married, Feb. 28, 1811, to 
 Rephelia Boyd, who was born July 20, 1790. He lived at Bemus Point, on 
 land originally bought by his father, until his death, October 10, 1861. Mrs. 
 B. died Jan. 2, 1843. He had 10 children: i. James, who resides in San 
 Francisco, and is superintendent of powder works. 2. Ellen, wife of Daniel 
 Smiley, in Wisconsin. 3. Mattheiv, who married Marcelia Walters, and re- 
 sides in Mayville. 4. Daniel, in EUery, who married, first, Adaline Strong ; 
 second, Jane Griffith. 5. Jane, [Mrs. Edward Copp,] who resides in May- 
 ville. 6. John, who married Catharine Howell, and died at Bemus Point, 
 July 24, 1862. 7. William P., married, first, Helen Norton; second, Sarah 
 E. Prather, and is a practicing physician. 8. Mehetabel P., the wife of P. A. 
 Strong, and resides in Iowa. 9. Dr. E. M., who died in Wisconsin. 10. 
 George H., a lawyer in Meadville, Pa. 
 
 Odin Benedict was born in Skaneateles, Onondaga Co., August 20, 1805. 
 His father, Dr. Isaac Benedict, was a native of Connecticut, and removed 
 to Marcellus about 1803. He was in the United States service as a surgeon 
 2 [ 
 
322 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 in the war of 1812 ; came home from Sacket's Harbor sick, and died in a 
 few weeks, in 1814. Dr. Odin Benedict read medicine in his native town, 
 and graduated at Fairfield Medical College. He was licensed by the Her- 
 kimer Co. Medical Society, in January, 1826, and came the same year to 
 Ellery Center, and commenced practice. He was the first resident physician 
 in the town, and is said to have had an extensive practice, which he con- 
 tinued' until 1850. He was elected supervisor of Ellery in 1833, and was 
 continued in that office by reelection until 1849, inclusive, excepting the years 
 1840, 1843, and 1848 ; making a service of 14 years. He was a member of 
 assembly in 1840 and 1843. He also held the office of postmaster in Ellery 
 for about 20 years. In the spring of 1850, he removed to Ann Arbor, 
 Michigan, and started the Government Stock Bank, and remained there un- 
 til September, 185 1, and came to Dunkirk, and was in the Dunkirk Bank for 
 two or three years ; after which he kept a broker's office in that place for five 
 or six years. He then resumed the practice of medicine, in which he con- 
 tinued until his death in 1874. He was married in December, 1826, to Sally 
 Ann Copp, of Ellery. They have a son, William C, a farmer in Ellery, who 
 has served his town as supervisor from 1858 to 1863, inclusive, a period of 
 6 years. He has 5 sons : Willis, a student at law, in Jamestown ; Warner, 
 a farmer, at home ; Walter ; William ; Washburn. 
 
 Abijah Bennett was bom in Connecticut about the year 1764. After 
 a residence in Delaware and Cayuga counties, he removed, in i8o6, to Chau- 
 tauqua, on the east side of, and near the lake. It appears, however, from the 
 Company's books, that Bennett contracted for his land, June 22, 1805, lot 
 10, t. 3, r. 13; and the day previous, contracts appear to have been made 
 with Alanson Weed, for lot 9 ; with Filer Sacket, for lot 14 ; and with John 
 Hersey, for lot 17 ; all of whom had come together on an exploring tour 
 from Cayuga county. An event in the early life of Mr. Bennett, will be read 
 by many with interest At the age of about 1 2 years, he and his father, while 
 residing in Delaware Co., N. Y., were, in 1776, taken captive, with other 
 inhabitants of that place, by the Indians, and marched to Fort Niagara, being 
 about 2 months on the way. Here the father and son were separated. The 
 father, Daniel Bennett, was sent to Detroit; Abijah, to Montreal. Both were 
 forced into the British service. The father being by trade a tailor, was put 
 to making clothing for the army. The son was taught to beat the drum, at 
 which he soon became such a proficient as to attain the rank of drum-major. 
 After the close of the war, both returned, after an absence of about six years 
 and a half Their sufferings while on their march to Detroit, were extreme. 
 The country was most of the way unsettled ; they were" obliged to live on 
 short allowance, for a time, until their stock of provisions was entirely 
 exhausted, when they had nothing to live on but roots and barks. Abijah 
 became sick and helpless. He was rolled in a blanket, and carried by his 
 father and another man on their shoulders. In this condition they marched 
 seven days, when all were nearly exhausted, and without the hope of relief. 
 Fortunately, they were met by a British officer on a fat mare. The officer 
 
( r'-. 
 
ELLERV. 323 
 
 alighted, and told them the mare was at their service; and in a few moments 
 the animal was entirely devoured. They were soon after met by provisions 
 from the fort, and in three days they got through. This bite from the mare, 
 they have«often been heard to say, was the sweetest morsel they had ever 
 tasted. Daniel Bennett followed his son to Cayuga Co., where he died in 
 1807. Abijah removed to Rising Sun, Indiana, where he died Feb. 7, 1846, 
 aged about 82 years. 
 
 Jeremiah Griffith was born at Norwich, Conn., July 28, 1758. He 
 was married to Mary Cropsey, who was bom Feb. 8, 1764. An account of 
 the removal of Mr. G. and his family to EUery has been given, [p. 315.] 
 They had 6 children : John, Seth, Samuel, Polly, Jeremiah, and Alexander 
 H. All were married and had families. 
 
 John Griffith, son of Jeremiah Griffith, Sr., was born June, 1785, and 
 married Tryphena Bemus, Feb. .8, i8og, and had 12 children, i. Mary B., 
 wife of John Arnold, whose children were : Tryphena ; Annette, wife of 
 Joseph Phillips, whose children are Pauline and John; Edward, who married 
 Eliza Russell, whose children are Florence, John Q., Monroe, David, and 
 Odin B. ; Minerva, who died at 14 ; and Mary Ann. 2. William B., who 
 married Mary Dunton, and had 2 sons, Charles, and Albert, who married 
 Mary Walkup. 3. Martha P., unmarried. 4. Clarissa, wife of Nelson Bird, 
 in Poland, who had a number of children, of whom Amos was killed in the 
 late war, in Sheridan's army. 5. Minerva, who died unmarried., 6. Joh7i, 
 who married Harriet Smiley, and whose children are Caroline V., Sarah Jane, 
 and Leonard E. 7. Jedediah, who married Jane Ames, and had a daughter, 
 Isadore, who died at 24 ; parents also deceased. 8. Nancy, deceased. 9. 
 Catharine, wife of Asa Cheney, who had 1 1 children : Frank, Mark, Beecher, 
 Miles, Morris, Martha, Lydia, Jennie, Alta, Eva, and John C. Lydia, Jennie, 
 and Alta, not living. 10. James B., who married Mary Howells, whose chil- 
 dren were: George, deceased; Adaline, Howell, and inf. 11. Martin, who 
 married Sarah Bixby, and has two children, Addie and Andrew. 12. Ophelia, 
 unmarried. John Griffith died Sept. 23, 1868. Tryphena, his wife, died 
 Feb. 19, 1851. The daughters, Martha and Ophelia, reside on the homestead, 
 and superintend the labor on the farm, which has become somewhat exten- 
 sively known as "Martha's Vineyard," from the name of its senior conductor. 
 On the farm is a pleasant grove, a resort of picnic parties. 
 
 Seth Griffith, 2d son of Jeremiah Griffith, was bom Dec. 20, 1787; 
 died June 10, 1839. He married Polly Runnells, and had 3 children : i. 
 Nelson, who married Emily A. Shaw ; whose children were Frank, Mary, 
 Frederic, Emma Minerva, who died at 6, and Warner. 2. Sarah A., wife of 
 Henry A. Whittemore, who have 3 children, Luella A., Jennie H., and Carrie. 
 3. Minerva, deceased, wife of Edward S. Crosman, who had a daughter, 
 Josephine. 
 
 Samuel Griffith, 3d son of Jeremiah, was born May 8, 1791, and was 
 married to Eliza Simmons, and had by her 4 children : i. Franklin, who 
 married, first, Eliza Griffith, who had 2 children : Emily, wife of James G. 
 
324 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 Cone, who has 3 children ; and Julia, wife of Andrew J. Pickard, who has a 
 son, Frank. He married, second, Sally Young; married, a third wife, Jen- 
 nette Garfield, who has one child, Geo. S. 2. Alexander, 2d son of Samuel 
 Griffith, married Martha Martin, and had 4 children : Merritt, wh^ married 
 Polly Reed ; Ella ; Edna, wife of George Robbins ; and Marcus A. 3. Jefi- 
 nette, daughter of Samuel Griffith, married Wm. H. Atherly, whose children 
 are Everett; Willis, who died at 17; and Jerome. 4. Christiana, 3d daugh- 
 ter of S. G., is the wife of Simeon Wilber, and has 2 children, Charles A., 
 who married Abby Damon, of Gerry ; and Franklin S. 
 
 Polly Griffith was bom July 28, 1793; died, 1858. She married, first, 
 
 Amos Bird, who had 5 children : i. Philander, who married Foster, 
 
 and lives in Illinois. 2. Nelson, who married Clarissa Griffith, whose children 
 were: Amos, killed in the late war; Adelaide, deceased; WillardF. ; Charles, 
 deceased; Albertie, and Dora. 3. Juliette, who married Wm. Boylston, and 
 died in 111. 4. George. 5. Jennette, deceased. Polly Bird married, second, 
 Parley Fairbanks, who had 3 children : i. Minerva, deceased, who was the 
 
 wife of Pitcher, of Poland, and had a daughter, Eva ; 2. Eineline, wife 
 
 of Hambleton, who had a son, Leander ; and, 3. Caroline, deceased, 
 
 twin sister of Emeline. 
 
 Jeremiah Griffith, Jr., fifth child of Jeremiah, born October 22, 1795, 
 married Margaret Loucks, and bad 6 children : i. Wellington, who married 
 Rhoda Bucklin, and whose children were: Isabel, wife of Willie H. Shaw, at 
 Corry; have a son; Georgia married, and lives at Corry; and Lawrence. 
 Mr. W. Griffith married, second, Lydia Atwood; and third, Lois Strong. 
 
 2. George W., second son of Jeremiah, Jr., married Catharine Peterson, and 
 resides in Gerry, and has 5 children: Adelaide, unmarried; Adaline, wife of 
 Burt Palmer; Adella; George L. ; and Emerson. 3. Jane, wife of Daniel 
 Bemus, who have a daughter, Mary. 4. Mary, wife of Wm. C. Benedict, 
 whose children are : Willis, Warner, Walter, William, and Washburn. 5. 
 Amarett, wife of Fernando Atherly, whose children are: Clara, Minnie, 
 Frank, Florence, and Mark T. 6. Cordelia, who died at 18. 
 
 Alexander H; Griffith, sixth ckild of Jeremiah, born July 17, 1805, 
 married, first, Maria Strickland, and had 5 children: i. Ellen, wife of Delos 
 Chamberlin; whose children were, Alice and Burton. 2. Robert, unmarried. 
 
 3. Guy C, unmarried. 4. Alsina, wife of George Bedient; their children, 
 May, Christina, Erwin, and Blanch. 5. Richard, who was in the army in 
 the late war, and lost. A. H. Griffith married, second, Martha Sackett, who 
 had 3 children ; Sackett, Norman, dead, and Hattie. Sackett married Louisa 
 Smith ; they have a child, Lillie. 
 
 Charles G. Maples was bom February 20, 1818, in Milo, Yates county, 
 N. Y. His father was Dea. Josiah Maples, a native of New London, Conn., 
 who early emigrated to Otsego county, N. Y.; thence to Yates county, then 
 a wilderness. Charles was the youngest of 18 children, all of whom lived 
 to have families. He was the eleventh child of his mother, who was Esther 
 Rogers, of New Jersey, the second wife of his father. In February, 1826, 
 
ELLERY. 325 
 
 he moved with his father's family to Aurora, Erie county, where he received 
 a common school education, and where his mother died in 183 1. At the age 
 of 18, he removed with his father to EUery, where his father died July 4, 
 1847, aged 85 years. He worked on the farm, and attended and taught 
 school ; and in 1838 he was married to Ruth Barney, the youngest daughter 
 of Luther Barney, Esq., who emigrated early from Connecticut to Cayuga 
 county, and thence to Newstead, Erie county. In 1830, he removed to 
 Ellery, where he died in 1845, aged 88 years, and where his second wife 
 died in 1848, aged 71 years. 
 
 Charles G. Maples and his wife have had 8 children, all of whom are now 
 dead, except a daughter, Florence, the wife of S. Morris Whicher. He set- 
 tled on a farm in Ellery, in 1838, and has been mainly engaged in agricul- 
 tural pursuits, and had the reputation of a good farmer. He was elected a 
 justice of the peace in 1848, and was several times reelected, and served as 
 such for many years. He spent much time in acquiring a practical knowl- 
 edge of legal business matters, and of the laws relating to real estate. In 
 1862, he was appointed United States assistant assessor of internal revenue, 
 and for several years satisfactorily performed the duties of that office. In 
 1870, he was elected surrogate of the county of Chautauqua, the duties of 
 which office he has discharged with fidelity and to the general acceptance. 
 He removed, in 187 1, to Mayville, the county seat, where he now resides. 
 
 William Smiley, an early settler in Ellery, was a son of Wm. Smiley who, 
 in Ireland, was pressed into the British naval service. After about seven 
 years, the vessel anchored in Long Island sound, and Smiley, with two 
 cousins, companions in misfortune, "escaped from service" by swimming 
 ashore, in Connecticut. Within a year he married, and, after many years, 
 removed with his wife and son, William, Jr., to Savannah, Ga., where he 
 died within a year. Soon after, the mother also died; and the son returned 
 to Farmington, Conn., the place of his nativity. He was apprenticed to 
 the tanner and currier's trade. The war came on; and he and his master 
 were called into the field. After the war, he married Hannah Wilcox, of 
 Exeter, R. I. After several years' residence in Vermont, and about a year's 
 sojourn in Broome county, N. Y., he removed with his family to Chenango 
 county, and in 1810 to Ellery. He had previously [1808] divided his prop- 
 erty among his children, Joseph, the eldest, assuming the care and support 
 of the parents. Wm. Smiley died Jan., 1825; his wife, March, 1831. His 
 son Joseph had 1 1 children, of whom John, the oldest, resides on the prem- 
 ises bought by his grandfather, Wm. Smiley, in i8io. Joseph and William, 
 the sons of William, served in the war of 1812, in Capt. John Silsby's com- 
 pany, and participated in the battle of Black Rock, in which William was 
 killed. John Smiley, the eldest of Joseph's children, was born April 2, 1808, 
 and resides on the old homestead. William J., son of James, and grandson 
 of William who was killed at Black Rock, was a soldier in the late war, and 
 killed in the battle of the Wilderness. 
 
 William Smiley, son of the above, was born in Connecticut, and was 
 
326 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 married to Hannah Wilcox, in Rhode Island. He removed to Vermont ; 
 thence, in 1778, to Broome Co., N. Y., and in 1779 to Chenango Co. ; and 
 in 1 810 to EUery. He had 1 1 children : i. Joseph, who married Sarah Lewis, 
 in Chenango Co., and had a son, John, who married Eliza M. Briggs, and 
 has a daughter, Rosa Belle. 2. Asel, who married Charlotte Johnson, and 
 had 6 children who attained maturity : Freeborn L., who married Ann Brown; 
 Edwin, in Michigan ; Laura Jane, wife of Willard T. Denslow, of James- 
 town ; George W. ; Marion, who married Georgia Brightman, of Mass. 
 Asel Smiley married, second, Mehetabel Currier, and is deceased; she resides 
 at Fluvanna. 3. Hannah, who married Arnot B. Hopkins, whose children 
 were : Lewis, Charles, Sarah, wife of David W. Perrigo, Wisconsin. Han- 
 nah married, second, Jonas Cloys, deceased ; she resides in Busti. 4. Daniel, 
 who married Ellen Bemus, and removed to Wisconsin. 5. Lydia, wife of 
 
 Asa Comstock, in Wisconsin. 6. Lucy, who was married, first, to — 
 
 McNaught ; second, to Wm. Dunn ; they reside in Wisconsin. 7. Alary. 
 wife of Joseph Bert, and is deceased. 8. Martha, wife of Samuel Robb, in 
 Kansas. 9. Sarah, wife of Freeborn Lewis, who died in Wisconsin. 10. 
 Harriet, wife of John Griffith, who has 3 children, Carrie V., Sarah J., and 
 Leonard E. 11. Jane, who died in 1847, aged 16. 
 
 Churches. 
 
 A Baptist Church was formed in 1808, at West Ellery, by Elder Jones, then 
 a resident of Ellery, at the house of John Putnam, who was for many years 
 a deacon. [See churches in Stockton.] 
 
 The Baptist Church at Ellery Center was organized with nine members, in 
 181 4, by Elder Asa Turner, the first pastor. The first house of worship was 
 built in 1830 ; the present, in i86z. 
 
 The First Universalist Church of Ellery was organized with twenty-three 
 members, by Lewis C. Todd, the first pastor, in 181 7. Their house was 
 built in 1858. 
 
 Tlie Methodist Episcopal Church, at West Ellery, was organized with twelve 
 members, by Messrs. Chandler and Barnes, in 1831. Their first church edifice 
 was erected in 1836; the present, in 1861. The first pastor was Rev. Wm, 
 Chandler. 
 
 The M. E. Church, at Pickard Hill, was formed about forty years ago. 
 In 18 1 7, they united with the United Brethren, and built a union church. It 
 is owned and occupied by both societies. 
 
 The United Brethren Church, at Pickard Hill, was organized in 1869, with 
 eight members, by Rev. Lansing Mclntyre, the first pastor. As stated 
 above, they united, in 187 1, with the Methodists, in building a house of 
 worship. 
 
ELLICOTT. 327 
 
 ELLICOTT. 
 
 Ellicott was formed from Pomfret, June i, 18 12, at a second session of 
 the legislature, which met on the 21st day of May, having been prorogued 
 to that day by Gov. Tompkins, on the 27th of March. The town comprised 
 townships i and 2 in the loth and nth ranges, a territory 12 miles square. 
 In this tract of four townships, there is now but one town bounded by orig- 
 inal township lines — Poland. In the formation of Busti, in 1823, the west 
 half of tp. I, r. II, was taken off. In 1825, Carroll was taken off, which 
 embraced the full tp. i, r. 10, and the east half of tp. i, r. 11. In 1832, 
 Poland was formed of township i, r. 10. Ellicott did not long remain cir- 
 cumscribed within the bounds of a single township. With the view, proba- 
 bly, to give scope for the expansion of Jamestown within town limits, a 
 tier of lots [8 in number] from tp. i, was annexed on the south ; the western 
 4 lots being taken from Busti, in 1845 > '^^ 4 eastern, about the same time, 
 from Carroll ; leaving for Kiantone, on its formation in 1853, only 7 lots in 
 each of the 4 tiers of tp. i. The surface of Ellicott is described as a hilly 
 upland, with a gentle inclination toward the south-west. The foot of Chau- 
 tauqua lake extends into the south-west comer; and the outlet flows east 
 through the south part of the town, receiving Cassadaga as a tributary. The 
 soil is a sandy and gravelly loam. 
 
 Original Purchases in Township 2, Range 11. 
 
 1807. October, Matthew Prendergast, 2i2>i 34) 4i> 42. 
 
 1808. May, William Wilson, 5, 12. 
 
 1809. November, John Arthur, 4. George W. Fenton, 4. 
 
 1810. Jan., Henry Babcock, 59. Sam'l Gibson, 58. Nathaniel Bird, 57. 
 
 181 1. April, Wm. Deland, 49. May, Zebulon Peterson, 45. September, 
 John M. Pierce, 61. John Hunt, 61. 
 
 1814. May, Reuben Woodward, i. James Frew, 6. Nathan Cass, 18, 
 19. July, Giles Taylor, 37. September, James Prendergast, 33, 34. Benj. 
 Wilson, I. October, Samuel Bliss, 9. Thomas Russell, 7. 
 
 1815. January, Amos Ferguson, 50. March, Jonathan Cheney, 15. 
 April, John Frew, 14. Robert Little, 9. June, Henry Babcock, 36. July, 
 Henry Bliss, 2. October, Wm. Hall, Sr., 21. Jonathan Thompson, 24. 
 
 1816. May, Ebenezer Sherwin, 49. August, Augustus Moon, 37. Sept., 
 Benjamin Ross, 30. • November, Henry Strunk, 53. 
 
 1817. March, Nathan Cass, 45. May, Elial T. Foote, 25. August, 
 Ebenezer Allen, 54. Sept., Stanton Brown, 2. Oct., Samuel Budlong, 26. 
 
 1818. January, Samuel A. Brown, 26. July, E. T. Foote, 23, 31. Dec, 
 John Loucks, 63. 
 
 1819. April, Thomas and Joseph Walkup, 48. Sept., Phineas Allen, 3. 
 
 1820. August, William Clark, 26. 
 
 182 1. November, Joseph S. Holman, 40. Samuel Moon, 38. 
 
 1822. April, Henry Baker, 44. July, Joseph S. Cook, 52. August, 
 Emrick Evans, 64. Sept., Walter Simmons, 26. Elial T. Foote, 25, 26. 
 
 1823. February, Warren Moore, 16. July, James White, 44. December, 
 James Portman, 23. 
 
^2S HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 1825. June, Wm. Knight, 17. July, Loring Sherman, 17. September, 
 John H. Akin, 5. November, Isaac Eddy, 17. 
 
 1827. May, Piatt B. King, 38. Henry Martin, 32. June, Alvin C. 
 Deland, 49. September, Stephen A. Ferguson, 61. Gideon Moon, 36. 
 October, James Prendergast, 42. 
 
 1828. January, Elisha Allen and Benj. Ross, 39. 
 
 1829. November, John Strunk, 2d, 36. 
 
 The first town-meeting for the election of town officers in Ellicott, was, 
 pursuant to the act of the legislature, held on the first Tuesday of April, 
 1813, at the house of Joseph Akin, on Stillwater creek, now in Kiantone. 
 John Silsby, the nearest justice, presided at the meeting, assisted by Laban 
 Case, who was chosen moderator. The following are the names of the offi- 
 cers elected : 
 
 Supervisor — James Prendergast. Town Clerk — Ebenezer Davis. Assess- 
 ors — Solomon Jones, Benj . Covell, Wm. Deland. Com'rs of Highways — 
 Wm. Sears, Michael Frank, Laban Case. Overseers of Poor — Joseph Akin, 
 Stephen Frank. Constable and Collector — ^James Hall. Constable — Laban 
 Case. Fence Viewers — Ebenezer Cheney, Aaron Martin. 
 
 Voted, that cattle and hogs might run at large. 
 
 Voted, that a lawful fence be not less than 41^ feet high, nor have cracks 
 or spaces between the logs or rails more than 6 inches, within 3 feet of the 
 ground. 
 
 Voted, that $250 be raised for bridges and roads. 
 
 Voted, that the supervisor solicit bridge money from the county. 
 
 Voted, that the next annual town-meeting be held at the house of Joseph 
 Akin. 
 
 Roads were laid out this year as follows : FrQm Joseph Akin's and Laban 
 Case's, past the "Vamum place,'' James Akin's, Reuben Woodward's, to 
 Culbertson's (afterward Col. Fenton's.) From near Jonas Simmons' to near 
 Edward Work's mill. From near Dr. Shaw's to near Simmons'. From the 
 mouth of Fairbank, past Sloan's, to Russell's mill, at the public highway. 
 From the house, late Lawrence Frank's, to Stillwater. From the Simmons 
 and Work's road, at a sapling, to James Prendergast's mills. From a small 
 beech tree, on the bank of the creek, a few rods north of Wm. Sears', to 
 Prendergast's mill. 
 
 Pursuant to the vote of the preceding year, the voters met at the house of 
 Joseph Akin, in 18 14, and adjourned to Laban Case's tavern. Theron 
 Plumb was chosen moderator. Officers were elected as follows : 
 
 Supervisor — James Prendergast. Town Clerk — Ebenezer Davis. Assess- 
 ors — Solomon Jones, Wm. Deland, Heman Bush. Overseers of Poor — 
 Joseph Akin, Stephen Frank. Com'rs of Highways — Caleb Thompson, Amos 
 Bird, Theron Plumb. Constable and Collector^VL^my L. Frank. Con- 
 stable — Richard Covell. Fence Viewers — ^Joseph Akin, Heman Bush, Solo- 
 mon Jones. 
 
 A school law having been passed by the legislature, officers were this year 
 chosen to carry the law into effect. They were : Com'rs of Common Schools — 
 
^ ELLICOTT. 329 
 
 Heman Bush, Theron Plumb. Inspectors of Schools — ^Jaraes Prendergast, 
 Solomon Jones, Theron Plumb.— 
 
 The commissioners divided the town into school districts. No town was 
 entitled to a distributive share of the school fund, unless it raised an equal 
 amount by a tax upon its inhabitants ; and it might, by a vote at the annual 
 town-meeting, raise double that amount. The double amount was voted at 
 this meeting. 
 
 It was voted, that swine should not run at large. The next year, the build- 
 ing of a pound was authorized, and Joseph Akin was chosen pound-keeper ; 
 and swine were again voted free commoners. In 1816, voted, " that hogs 
 shant TMVi at large in the town of EUicott." These animals, it seems, were 
 long made a special object of town legislation : for, in 18 17, they were again 
 voted free commoners, but with the restrictive " proviso," that they " wear 
 yokes and rings." 
 
 The depredations of the wolves were sought to be abated by voting a town 
 bounty of $10 a head for their destruction. 
 
 Roads were laid out this year as follows : 
 
 From Joel Tyler's (afterwards Otis Moore's,) to Connewango to a black 
 oak, in October, 1814. From near William Sears' dwelling house, as for- 
 merly laid out by courses and distances, "cross Esq. Jones' bridge" across 
 Stillwater creek, to the bridge across the outlet of Chautauqua lake, " near 
 and below James Prendergast's mills," October, 1814. From Work's mill to 
 the bridge over Cassadaga, leading to Kennedy's mills, October, 18 14. From 
 Fish's (afterwards Goldth wait's,) to near J. Garfield's, October, 1814. 
 Supervisors from iSrj to 1874. 
 
 James Prendergast, 181310 '15. John Frew, 1816, '17, 1819 to '22 — 6 
 years. James Hall, 1823 to '25. Solomon Jones, 1826, '28, '29. Nathan- 
 iel Fenton, 1827, '30. Samuel Barrett, 1831 to '40, and 1844 — 11 years. 
 Wm. Hall, 1841, '42. Horace Allen, 1843. Henry Baker, 1845, '46, '53, 
 '54. Augustus F.Allen, 1847, '48, '52, '56, i860 to '68, 1871 to '74 — 17 
 years. Charles Butler, 1840, '50. R. V. Cunningham, 1851. Simeon W. 
 Parks, 1855. Francis W. Palmer, 1856. Lewis Hall, 1858, '59, '75. 
 Jerome Preston, 1869, '70. 
 
 The first settler within the bounds of the present town of Ellicott, was 
 William Wilson, from Pennsylvania, who is said to have settled on the north 
 side of the outlet, first living in a "shanty," but removing, in June, into his 
 log house. James Culbertson, from Meadville, Pa., is also said to have set- 
 tled there early in 1806, "on the north side of the outlet, at its confluence 
 with the Cassadaga*" As the course of the outlet is almost exactly north at 
 the junction or " confluence," it is not easy to. determine the location. The 
 townships in that section of the county had not yet been surveyed into lots. 
 It will appear from the list of original purchases, that Mr. Wilson did not 
 article his land until May, 1808, when he took some in the west part of lot 
 5, and in the east part of 1 2 ; and the larger portion of it lying some dis- 
 tance from the mouth of the outlet, where the stream runs in a northern 
 
330 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 direction, the designation " north side of the outlet " can not be correct. 
 But the records do not show Culbertson as having articled land here at all. 
 But we find him taking an article Dec. i, 1808, of a part of lot 58, town- 
 ship 2, range 10, now south-west part of Poland. Mr. Wilson died in 1850, 
 on the farm on which he settled in 1806. As elsewhere stated, the survey 
 of the townships i and 2 in the loth and nth ranges was made in 1807 
 and 1808, prior to which, lands had been located, and settlements com- 
 menced in several places within the bounds of " old Ellicott," comprising the 
 four townships. Among these was Joseph Akin, who selected lands on the 
 north side of the Stillwater, township i, range 11, in the west part of Kian- 
 tone, to which he removed his family the same year, [1807,] while the sur- 
 veyors were in the vicinity surveying lot lines. 
 
 Phineas Palmeter, a native of Rhode Island, moved from Frankfort, N. Y., 
 in February, 1813. He subsequently bought on lot 64, tp. i, r. 11, now 
 in Ellicott, as appears on the Company's book, in Sept., 1814. He was a 
 Revolutionary soldier, and died July 4, 1849, aged 84 years. His son, 
 Phineas Palmeter, Jr., came in June, 1813. In 1819, he removed down the 
 river to Indiana; returned to Jamestown in 1822, and resided there till his 
 death. 
 
 Eli Fames, a native of HoUiston, Mass., removed with his family from 
 Dover, Vt., in 1816, to Ellicott, now Carroll, and began in the woods, on 
 the west 200 acres of lot 38. Mrs. Fames died suddenly in 1818. Mr. E. 
 had on each hand five well-formed fingers and a natural thumb. His hands 
 were very large. Some of his children, too, it is believed, had surplus fingers. 
 He died a very painful death, from the filling up of his throat with a chronic 
 swelling, which gradually strangled him to death. He died, Dec. 10, 1837, 
 aged 54. 
 
 Benjamin Ross came to Ellicott at a pretty early day, from Pennsylvania, 
 and married Margaret, daughter of John Armstrong, and sister of Mrs. John 
 Frew. He built a new saw-mill, the first that was built on the Cassadaga in 
 the town of Ellicott, on parts of lots 31 and 39. He was born in New 
 Jersey, March lo, 1793, and died about 1824, in Cincinnati, Ohio, in and 
 near which several of his brothers resided. 
 
 Robert Falconer emigrated from Scotland to New York, where he was for 
 many years engaged in the cotton trade. In 18 19, he removed with his 
 family to Sugar Grove, Pa.; in 1829, to Warren, and about 1840 back to 
 Sugar Grove, where he died in 1853. Though not a resident of Chautauqua 
 county, he made investments in real estate at Worksburg and Dexterville, in 
 Ellicott, and at Kennedy, in Poland. 
 
 Patrick Falconer, son of Robert, was born in Brooklyn, Jan. 5, 1814, and 
 removed with his father to Sugar Grove, Pa., and in 1832 to Jamestown, 
 where he studied law with Judge Hazeltine. In 1840, he bought his father's 
 interest in his property at Dexterville and Worksburg ; and in 1844 he dis- 
 posed of his interest at Dexterville, and became the sole owner of the Work 
 property at Worksburg, where he finally settled, and where he now resides. 
 
ELLICOTT. 331 
 
 He married Martha T. Hallock, of Ulster Co., and had 6 children, of whom 
 4 are living : Martha Jane, William T., David H., and Allen. 
 
 First Independence Celebration in EUicott. — A noteworthy celebration of 
 independence in the town of Ellicott, was held at Stephen Frank's, [now in 
 Busti,] July 4, 1816. Although the house was but a story and a half, the 
 chamber was finished off for a ball-room, in which there was a ball in the 
 evening. The day was pleasant, but cool. The roads were bad, and there were 
 no pleasure carriages in the country. The married men, if they had horses, 
 carried their wives behind them on horseback. Some of the young people 
 went in the same manner, and many went oft foot. There was a general 
 turn-out, but more especially of the democrats, who had, at the preceding 
 April town-meeting, elected their whole ticket for the first time since the town 
 was organized. John Frew had been elected supervisor over Judge Prender- 
 gast, by a majority of 76 ; and the federalists feeling sore on their defeat, 
 did not enter into the spirit of the celebration. Some tried to get up a cele- 
 bration at Jamestown, but failed. 
 
 Theron Plumb was president of the day, and Levi Leonard, orator. 
 Lemuel Smith, of Sugar Grove, Pa., was attending clergyman, and offered 
 prayer. The only music was the firing of an anvil, and a violin by Ebenezer 
 Davis. The wine and brandy — there being no other in the country — was a 
 home manufacture from old whisky, hemlock bark, etc., which sold at a high 
 price, and was unfit for the sick, and too poor to be used even as a luxury. 
 As for lemons and oranges, none had ever been seen in the county. There 
 was, however, a plenty of Monongahela whisky, maple sugar, and milk ; and 
 every one took what pleased him best — clear whisky, grog, sling, or milk 
 punch. Many got merry, but few or none got what in that day would be 
 called drunk. 
 
 The oration was pronounced under a large bower of green bushes on 
 crotches and poles, under which the tables were afterwards spread with good 
 fresh beef, mutton, roast pigs, and accompaniments, all for 25 cents each, 
 although flour was $15 a barrel, and some other things were proportionally 
 dear. The company dispersed in good season, except those who stayed to 
 dance, among whom were some of the married people. 
 
 There were present the following named revolutionary soldiers : Jacob 
 
 Fenton, Wellman, John Owens, John Jasper Marsh, Stephen Wilcox, 
 
 Joseph Loucks, Eliphalet Steward, and perhaps others. Of the men who 
 attended that celebration, a number were yet living a few years since. 
 
 Notwithstanding some federalists were present, the democratic feeling ran 
 so high, that some of the volunteer toasts were calculated to give offense, 
 among which was the president's toast, in substance as follows : " May every 
 federalist ride a hard trotting horse, with a porcupine saddle and a pair of 
 cobweb trousers." 
 
 Before morning the weather was uncomfortably cold ; and those who 
 returned home the latter part of the night, especially the ladies in white 
 dresses, complained much of the severity of the cold. The grass was frozen 
 
332 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 stifif, and the ground quite hard. All the more tender vegetation was badly 
 injured. The corn was all destroyed, except where the early morning fog 
 saved it. On the 6th day of June of that year — still referred to as the " cold 
 season " — there was a snow storm, which loaded the tree-tops heavily with 
 snow. 
 
 WORKSBURG. 
 
 On the ist of August, 1807, Messrs. Kennedy and Work purchased of the 
 Holland Company about 1,260 acres of valuable land on both sides of the 
 outlet below Dexterville, then known as "Slippery Rock,'' including the mill 
 sites since occupied at Worksburg and Tiffany's mills, and a tract of valuable 
 timber land east of the Cassadaga river and Levant, along the Kennedy road. 
 In the fall of 1807, Work erected his hewed log house on the north side of 
 the outlet, a little north-east of the mill, where he resided until he built the 
 frame house in which he died. In 1808, he built his saw-mills and put them 
 in operation. The only inhabitants then on the outlet were Wm. Wilson, 
 James Culbertson, and George W. Fenton. About this time, Kennedy and 
 Work opened a road from Kennedy's mills to Work's mill, and built the first 
 bridge across the Cassadaga. It was. about one-fourth of a mile above the 
 site of the present village of Levant ; and the road was mostly north of the 
 present road, and much more hilly. It passed near the residence of Wood- 
 ley W. Chandler, and crossed Cheney's brook about half a mile north of 
 where N. E. Cheney resided and Crosby kept a tavern, and did not intersect 
 the present road till near Kennedy. 
 
 In 1809, Work built a grist-mill with one run of common rock stones, on 
 the south side of his saw-mill. The mill-stones were split out of a large rock 
 on the top of the ground. The erection of this grist-mill was required by Mr. 
 EUicott in the sale of the land ; and such, it is believed, was the fact respect- 
 ing the first grist-mill at Kennedy's mills. The erection of Work's mill was 
 a great accommodation to early settlers, and led to the opening of roads to 
 early settlements about the foot of the lake and to Stillwater creek and Frank's 
 settlement. These mills were built about three years before the first settle- 
 ment at Jamestown, and when almost-the only travel through the country was 
 in keel boats and canoes on the Connewango, Cassadaga, and Chautauqua 
 lake and its outlet, or by Indian trails. Large quantities of Onondaga salt 
 were annually transported by water from Mayville to Pittsburgh, especially 
 between the years 1805 and 18 10. Some of the boats were built at Work's 
 mill in 1808. The discovery of the salt springs on the Allegany, Kanawha 
 and Ohio rivers caused the discontinuance of the salt trade by this route. 
 The keel boats that came up for salt, were loaded with provisions, whisky, 
 iron castings, nails, glass, dried fruit, and other articles from Pittsburgh and 
 Fr^ch Creek for the early settlers. 
 
 Kennedy and Work were both interested in the purchase of the land, but 
 whether they were connected in the erection and running of the mills at 
 Worksburg, the writer has not ascertained. In the division of the lands 
 between Work and Kennedy's heirs, the heirs took the land afterwards pur- 
 
Ifc 
 
 ''(yad-O'^ 
 
 ^ ^y^t^ot^t'^-^^i^Oi^ 
 
 Sketc"hp.357 
 

ELLICOTT. 333 
 
 chased by Tiffany, and the timbered land east of the Cassadaga ; and Work 
 retained the mills and the land in that vicinity. 
 
 Work ran boards from his mill to New Orleans in the manner he had done 
 from Kennedy's mills. A change, however, had taken place in the naviga- 
 tion of the Mississippi. When boats arrived at Natchez, he added to his 
 lading bales of cotton to the extent of the capacity of his boat, receiving a 
 dollar per bale for freight to. New Orleans for that carried under deck, and 
 seventy-five cents for that on deck. The empty boats were sold at New 
 Orleans for lumber for more than their cost. Work furnished boards at his 
 mill for seventy-five cents a hundred feet to finish the log houses of early set- 
 tlers ; and his little grist-mill, with common rock stones, made excejlent flour 
 from good grain. When at home, he was usually his own miller. 
 
 Biographical and Genealogical. 
 
 Oliver Sherman, born in Portsmouth, R. I., July i, 1768, after a resi- 
 dence at Cambridge, N. Y., from 1792 till 1828, removed to Ellicott, and set- 
 tled on the farm first purchased of the Holland Company by Amos Bird, 
 being lots 57 and 58, tp. 2, r. 1 1. He was able to pay for his farm and stock 
 it. He was a good farmer, and had a strong mathematical mind. He could 
 solve difficult problems in his mind without pen or pencil. He was a justice 
 of the peace in Busti, while his farm was in that town, and also held some 
 town offices. He came to Chautauqua county a widower, and never married 
 again. His daughters kept house for him. He had a son, Philip. He said 
 he saw the first cotton spinning in the United States. It was done by the 
 celebrated Slayter, of Rhode Island ; and the machinery was propelled by 
 horse-power. The Sherman family were remarkable for longevity. Oliver's 
 father was over 80 when he died. His mother, whose maiden name was Ann 
 Sessions, also died at an advanced age. Oliver, in 1851, then 83, informed 
 a friend, that his sister Elizabeth died in Rhode Island at 83 ; Samuel, his 
 eldest brother, at 82. The rest were living: Sarah, wife of Joseph Lawton, 
 in Pittstown, at 96; Joseph, in Busti, at 90; Mary, in Cambridge, at 87 ; Job, 
 in Cambridge, at 77; James, at Fall River, Mass., at 72; Peleg, in Wirt, N. Y., 
 at 70. 
 
 William H. Strunk, son of Jacob and Elizabeth Strunk, was born in 
 1807, and came with his parents to Ellicott, in 1816. They settled, in 1817, 
 on the farm where they now reside, three miles north-west from Jamestown. 
 William H. was married, in 1834, to Jane Ann Van Vleck, by Rev. Erastus 
 J. Gillett, of Jamestown. He had ten children, of whom one died at the age 
 of 2 7 years ; another at the age of two years. Of the others, two remain at 
 home ; the rest are married, and are settled near the old homestead. 
 
 Samuel Whittemore, from Concord, N. H., came to Fluvanna in 1826, 
 and purchased an interest in the pottery of Wm. H. Fen ton; and the busi- 
 ness was continued by them until 1844 or '45. He was appointed post- 
 master about a year after his settlement there, and held the office by reap- 
 pointment until his resignation, a few days before his death, in 1875, a period 
 
334 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 of 47 or 48 yeJurs. His bailors at his first appointment were Henry Martin 
 and Henry Stmnk, who continued such during the whole of this period, 
 and are both still living. The first oath of office was administered by Wm. H. 
 Fenton, Esq., on the first and every succeeding appointment until rSyi. He 
 also is still living. Mr. Whittemore was an early friend and promoter of the 
 temperance cause, and was mainly instrumental in forming, at an early day, 
 a temperance society in his neighborhood. He also kept early a hotel, 
 which he continued until his death, and in which spirituous liquors were 
 never sold. His house was for many years a summer resort for persons 
 seeking recreation and health from remote parts of the country, and is still 
 continued, by his son Henry. Another son, Francis, died at the age of 
 about 17. 
 
 Edward Work was bom in Franklin county. Pa., Dec. 3, 1773. He 
 studied law in Carlisle, Pa. ; was admitted to the bar, and settled at Mead- 
 ville, Crawford county, about 1798, where he was appointed postmaster by . 
 Gideon Granger, postmaster-general. He was also deputy prothonotary 
 under Dr. Thomas R. Kennedy, and subsequently prosecuting-attorney. 
 Dr. Kennedy, of Meadville, having purchased land of the Holland Com- 
 pany and built mills in this county, Mr. Work became connected with him 
 in business. In the spring of 18 16, at the age of 43, he married Mrs. Jane 
 Cameron, widow of Joseph Cameron, from French Creek, Pa. She had 
 four sons, all living with her at the time of her second marriage. Three of 
 her sisters married pioneer settlers of this county: Mrs. John Frew, Mrs. 
 Benj. Ross, and Mrs. James Conic, formerly Mrs. Simeon Scowden. Mrs. 
 Work had one son, Edward F., and two daughters, Jane and Laura, all long 
 since deceased. She died of consumption, Sept. 17, 1833, aged 53. On the 
 27th of October, 1841, Mr. Work married Mrs. PermeHa Jeffers, who had 
 one daughter, Fidelia, who was married to his son, Edward Fillmore, who 
 died at Worksburg, Feb. 16, 1844, aged 24. His wife died there March 3, 
 1852, aged 26. Their only child, Jane Amozette, bom Dec. 14, 1842, was 
 in 1858, the only surviving descendant of Edward Work. 
 
 About the year 1818, Mr. Work and his first wife united with the Metho- 
 dist Episcopal church. They were prominent and efficient members of that 
 communion, and their house was a home for the itinerant ministry. He be- 
 came an earnest advocate of the temperance cause. He was long an exces- 
 sive smoker, but finally abandoned that habit also. During his residence Ln 
 Chautauqua county, he aspired to no political station, and uniformly detlin- 
 ed the solicitations of his friends to be a candidate for any office. About 
 the year 1836, he sold his mills and real estate at Worksburg, except his 
 family residence and a few acres of land, and retired, with a competence, 
 from active life. He died July 10, 1857, aged 83^ years. 
 

 iV't/.A, y.. ,,',;/, 
 
JAMESTOWN. 335 
 
 JAMESTOWN. 
 
 The first survey of village lots was made for James Prendergast, by his 
 nephew, Thomas Bemus, a surveyor, in the spring of 1815. A few addi- 
 tional lots were subsequently surveyed, it Is believed, by a Mr. Burlingame ; 
 and at a much later period many blocks of lots were surveyed by Samuel 
 Green, then of Jamestown. Thomas Disher, a clerk in the store of Jediah 
 and Martin Prendergast, at the north-west comer of Main and First streets, 
 drew, on a sheet of paper, a plain and simple map of the lots surveyed by 
 Bemus. This map was kept in the store, and was, for many years, the only 
 map of the village. The lots were of uniform sjze,^ 5° by 120 feet, and 
 offered at the same price, $50 each. Terms of payment were liberal. Some 
 gave a note for the purchase money, and took a deed. Disher generally 
 filled out the deeds until Samuel A. Brown settled in the village, in 18 16. 
 
 Jamestown was surrounded by heavily timbered pine lands ; and the set- 
 tlers, who were chiefly along the outlet and the Cormewango, were engaged 
 in lumbering rather than agriculture. Provisions were scarce and dear, and 
 mostly brought from Pittsburgh by keel boats and canoes. Few paid down 
 a large share of the purchase money for their lands ; most of them took arti- 
 cles at from $2.25 to $3 an acre. 
 
 The outlet at this place had received, from the boatmen and others, the 
 name of Upper Rapids, to distinguish it from the Lower Rapids, or swift and 
 shallow water on the Connewango at Russellsburg, Pa. Such was the water 
 from near the present steamboat landing to Slippery Rock, now the site of 
 the Dexterville mill-dam. The freight in boats and canoes was often divided 
 at Slippery Rock ; a part to be left on shore to be taken up on another trip 
 to the steamboat, landing. 
 
 The original purchaser of the land on which the settlement of Jamestown 
 was commenced, was Matthew Prendergast, one of the numerous family 
 whose emigration to this county is elsewhere narrated. He resided on the 
 west side of the lake, in the vicinity of others of the family. The James- 
 town tract embraced the west and middle thirds of lots 33 and 34, lot 41, 
 and the south part of lot 42 — in all, 1,000 acres, and all lying in tp. 2, r. 11. 
 The purchase money, $2,000, was all paid, and a deed taken. The lands 
 were afterwards deeded by Matthew {o his brother James, and the deeds were 
 recorded in Niagara county clerk's office, before Chautauqua county was fully 
 organized. James also purchased in his own name, by articles of agreement, 
 lots 50, 58 and 59, in tp. i, r. 10, on Kiantone creek, and the east part of 
 lot 3, tp. .1, r. II — in all, 1,201 acres. These lands were deeded to Mr. 
 Prendergast in 1835. He had spent the summer of 1806 on the west side 
 of the lake ; went back to Pittstown, married, and remained there until 1809, 
 when he came and made the purchase as above stated. [See. sketch of Pren- 
 dergast family in the historical sketch of Chautauqua.] In the fall of 18 10, 
 he brought his family, and spent the winter on the west side of the lake. 
 
336 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 After his arrival, Mr. Prendergast employed John Blowers, a young mar- 
 ried man, who had followed him from Pittstown, to go to the head of the 
 rapids, and, on Mr. Prendergast's land, build a log house for himself [Blowers] 
 to live in. To the foregoing statements of Judge Foote in his history of 
 Jamestown, he adds: "Solomon Jones, Esq., informed me that he first saw 
 that log house in an unfinished state, and unoccupied, early in November, 
 1810, while on his way with his family from Vermont to his new residence 
 on Stillwater. Blowers informed me that he moved into his house before 
 Christmas. I have been thus minute in relation to the date of the settle- 
 ment of Jamestown, that there may be no dispute about it hereafter.'' 
 
 In the spring of 1811, a large i)4 story log house, with two rooms, was 
 erected for Mr. Prendergast's^ family, on the north side of the outlet, a little 
 south of the present railroad -track, near where A. F. Kent built the first_ 
 Kerosene Refinery. Preparations were also made for the building of mills. 
 Judge Prendergast had purchased in Albany, in 1810, his mill-irons, saws, 
 bands, bolts, etc., which were shipped up the Mohawk river to Utica, and 
 thence, by difterent conveyances, brought to Mayville, the transportation 
 amounting to about $6 a hundred. The first boards to be sawed were in- 
 tended' to cover the mills and lay the floors. The completion of the locks, 
 that the navigation might not be obstructed, was required by statute, under 
 a severe penalty. 
 
 The following is a condensed account of the erection of the mills, as found 
 in the records before us: 
 
 The dam progressed rapidly, considering the quantity of timber used in its 
 construction, and of hemlock boughs and gravel required to cover it. The 
 saw-mills were raised about the fore part of September, 1 8 1 1 ; the locks, it 
 is believed, not until October. After the frames were raised, the comple- 
 tion of the dam, and one of the saw-mills and the locks, was all that was 
 contemplated that year. The boards and other sawed stuff used about the 
 mills, was mostly rafted down Goose creek and the lake from Slayton's new 
 mills. Some think much of it came from Work's mill. The dam was most 
 thoroughly constructed, and was closed late in November, or early in Decem- 
 ber. Attention was then turned to the finishing of one of the saw-mills and 
 the locks. The timber of the grist-mill was partly framed, but not raised, 
 in 1811. The single saw-mill diS not commence sawing until about the first 
 of February, 1812. The first saw-mill contained a gang of saws and a 
 single-mill. On the outlet side of the first mill, and close to it, was a frame 
 lift-lock for boats to ascend or descend from the mill-pond. In 1814, this 
 lock burst while a boat was passing through it. The lock was never repair- 
 ed, the strength of its timbers being insufficient. A canal was subsequently 
 dug on the south side of the outlet, from the south end of the dam, and a 
 lock inserted, which answered a good purpose. After the first lock had been 
 abandoned, in 1814, a new single-mill was erected on the found&tion of the 
 lock timbers, the frame being separate from the first saw-mill, but within 2 
 or 3 feet of it. The gang and single-mills, in one frame and under one roof. 
 
JAMESTOWN. 337 
 
 were completed in 1813. From charges in J. & M. Prendergast's books, 
 and the statement of Eleazar Daniels, it appears that the grist-mill was not 
 completed until 18 14. 
 
 A phenomenon, authenticated by several reliable witnesses, is deemed 
 worthy of mention in this place. After the mill-dam was closed, the water 
 in the pond rose rapidly a few feet ; after which, the rise was almost imper- 
 ceptible. Although the dam was unusually tight, it was soon ascertained, to 
 the surprise of the proprietor and the mill-wright, that the water rose no 
 faster in the pond than in the lake ! The water passing down the outlet was 
 insufficient to supply Work's mill below. For six or eight weeks after the 
 dam was closed, the water did not run over the top of the dam. This phe- 
 nomenon, however, it is now generally believed, may be explained on well 
 established philosophical principles. 
 
 In the spring, farmers along the lake shores found much of their clearings 
 overflowed with water, caused by the erection of the dam below, and claimed 
 damages for the injury. Many of the claims Mr. Prendergast paid prompt- 
 ly ; and those which he deemed unreasonable, were .settled by two arbitrators, 
 one chosen by each party. In the sumijjer, having become convinced that 
 he could not legally maintain his dam, he rode round the lake, * nd assured 
 the settlers that, if they would wait patiently till he could saw timber and 
 boards sufficient to rebuild his mills and dam, he would remove them lower 
 down to a place where, he had ascertained, he could raise the requisite head 
 without affecting the lake. 
 
 At the court of general sessions in June, 18 12, an indictment was found 
 against Mr. P. for the erection of his dam, " to the great damage and com- 
 mon nuisance of the liege citizens of the state." From this it appears, that 
 it was also charged that the overflowing of the land had rendered the air un- 
 healthful. The trial was put off to the November term, as it was represented 
 that the defendant was about to remove the dam, and that further proceedings 
 would be unnecessary. Besides the losses sustained by claims for damages 
 and the necessity of rebuilding hisTlam and mills, he had the misfortune to 
 lose, by fire, his house and nearly all its contents, among which was a large 
 quantity of linen, much of it the manufacture of Mrs. Prendergast. A board 
 shanty was soon erected for a dwelling, in which the cooking was done for 
 the family and workmen, and in which the family and females lodged during 
 the fall. At the November term of the court, notwithstanding the misfor- 
 tunes of Judge P., and his disposition to repair all damages ; and although 
 he had removed the dam, the indictment was pressed to trial ; and the jury 
 rendered a verdict of guilty, and the court imposed a fine of $15. 
 
 In November, 1812, Judge Prendergast and Capt. Forbes erected a cheap 
 frame house, the first within the limits of the present village. It was i ^ 
 stories high. The lower story was divided into two rooms. In the middle 
 of the building was a stone chimney with two fire-places, the top of the 
 chimney being of lath and clay. Into this house Prendergast and Forbes 
 removed their families in December, 181 2. This house and the log-house 
 
338 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 built by John Blowers in the fall of 1810 on Prendergast's land, were the 
 only houses at the Rapids, and the families of these three men, the only 
 actual residents. In 1813, Blowers took a license for a tavern, which he kept 
 in his log house. Judge P. had not sold any of his land ; nor had a public 
 road been laid out to the Rapids, nor a bridge erected over the outlet. The 
 saw mills, consisting of two single saws, and a gang of sixteen saws, in one 
 frame and under one roof, were completed in 1813 ; the grist-mill, in 18 14. 
 
 During the war of 1812, improvements at the Rapids were nearly station- 
 ary. The inhabitants then were in great part supplied with provisions by 
 keel boats from Pittsburgh. The bridge across the outlet, commenced in 
 1813, was completed in 1814. The $100 bridge money received from the 
 county was thus appropriated : Bridge across the outlet at Esquire Prender- 
 gast's, $37.67. Bridge across Stillwater creek, near Joseph Akin's, $29. 
 Bridge across Kiantone creek at Robert Russell's mill, [now A. T. Prender- 
 gast's,] $33.33- The remainder necessary for building these bridges was 
 raised on subscription by the inhabitants of the town. The building of 
 bridges, in EUicott, in those days, was much aided by subscriptions payable 
 in labor and materials. 
 
 In 1814, ^dge Prendergast had not offered for sale any of his lands at the 
 Rapids; but had added to them in 1813, by the purchase of the east thirds 
 of lots 33 and 34, and the north part of lot 42 ; making the contents of his 
 tract nearly 1,550 acres. Aware that his own interest, as well as that of 
 others, would be promoted by the settlement of mechanics at the Rapids, he 
 made considerable effort to induce some persons to settle there ; but those 
 who did, resided either in houses built by him, or by themselves on his lands, 
 without any valid title to them. Some of them will be mentioned. 
 
 Jacob Fenton, a native of Mansfield, Conn., a Revolutionary soldier, and 
 by trade a potter, came from Burlington, N. Y., in 1813, and commenced the 
 pottery business. He was induced by Judge P. to come to the Rapids in the 
 spring of 1814, vmder a promise of assistance in building a tavern house and 
 pottery, which were accordingly built, e^t of where Main street, and south 
 of where Second street now is. The house faced the keel-boat landing, and 
 extended to Potter's alley, so named from the adjoining pottery. His house 
 was for some years the principal hotel; and he did consiflerable business as a 
 potter. He made red ea!rthen teacups and saucers that sold readily, because 
 better ones could not be easily obtained. He ultimately removed to Fluvanna, 
 where he resumed his trade, and died June 21, 1822, aged 57 years. 
 
 Eleazar Daniels, a blacksmith, a native of Mass., removed to the Cross Roads 
 [Westfield] in 181 3, and thence with his partner. Basset Nichols, to the Rapids, 
 in 1 8 14', in a small plank house built for Daniels, on the site of the Atlantic 
 hotel. Nichols soon left. Daniels resided there about four years, and did 
 most of the blacksmithing for the mills. He never purchased the hotise or 
 shop, nor was required to pay rent. He left the village. He became a pio- 
 neer settler on Little Broken Straw, where he was residing on a good farm, 
 at the age of 85 years. 
 
JAMESTOWN. 339 
 
 Patrick Campbell, from Herkimer Co., came with his wife in 1814, and 
 had a shanty blacksmith shop, near the mill race. 
 
 John Burge, [or Burgess,] born on the ocean while his parents were emi- 
 grating from Germany, removed in 18 11, to the Cross Roads, arid thence, in 
 1 8 14, into a small unfinished frame house, on the east side of Cherry street, 
 south of Second, and carried on the tanning and shoemaking business in a 
 shanty shop south of what is now First street, near Cherry. Some of the out- 
 door tan vats, constructed in 181 5, were exhumed when the railroad was 
 made. Burge sold out, about 181 7, to Wm. Pier and others, and removed 
 to Portland, and thence to Rochester about 1820, where he died in 1823, 
 leaving a widow and a large family. 
 
 James Berry, a single man, a deer skin dresser and leather mitten maker, 
 came in 1814, from Cayuga county, and in 1815, built a small frame house 
 on the comer of Cherry and First streets. His health failed ; he sold his 
 house and lot, and returned to Cayuga Co., where he died of consumption. 
 
 Judge Prendergast, in the fall of 18 14, built for himself a small one story 
 and a half frame house, on the lot next north of the one now occupied by 
 the Chautauqua County Bank. Although it was not designed for a large 
 family, there was none in the village more distinguished for hospitality. 
 Such it remained until Judge P. sold his property in Jamestown, and 
 removed from it. 
 
 John Blower-s, in the fall of 18 14, built a small one story and a half 
 dwelling house with its side toward Main street, a chimney with two fire- 
 places in the middle, built of the same materials as Judge Prendergast's. 
 The house was on what became lot 3, on the west side of Main street, and 
 stood up to the line of the street. Blowers subsequently added to the rear 
 a one story lean-to for a kitchen, and opened a tavern. In the north room, 
 \}ci& first school in Jamestown was taught by Rev. Amasa West. Among the 
 pupils was Alexander T. Prendergast, now of Kiantone. Dr. Laban Hazel- 
 tine on his removal to Jamestown in 1815, hired the north part for his 
 family, and, in 18 16, bought the house, and lived in it many years. Blowers 
 removed to 100 acres of new land, a mile or more south-west from the vil- 
 lage. He died in Ellery in 1863, aged 77 years. 
 
 In 18 14, Judge Prendergast was the only person assessed for real estate at 
 the Rapids. The lands mentioned as having been bought by him of the 
 Company in 18 13, and which had been only booked, were now deeded; and 
 the whole was assessed to him in 1814, and was valued by the assessors at 
 $2,976. The tax was $38.98. 
 
 Besides the frame buildings mentioned, there was the store building, in 
 which was kept a small store by Jediah and Martin Prendergast, being a 
 branch of their principal store at Mayville, and superintended by Thomas 
 Disher, a young man from Canada, who boarded with Judge Prendergast. 
 As there were shanty blacksmith shops and a shanty tannery building, so 
 there was also a shanty store. It was raised on a block foundation, and in- 
 closed with rough clapboards. We are not told when it was erected; but 
 
340 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 the old store ledger shows dates as early as November, 1813. The store 
 contained a few shelves of dry goods and hardware, besides whisky, tobacco, 
 nails, glass, castings, hollow-ware, dried fruit and flour, stone-ware and tools. 
 
 In the summer of 1815, Judge Prendergast employed Israel Knight, a 
 carpenter, to erect an academic building, two stories high, on the west side of 
 Main street, near Fifth, then entirely out of the village, among stumps and 
 logs. It was plain, like an ordinary dwelling, and stood on a block founda- 
 tion. It was inclosed, except glazing; and the lower floor was laid. 
 
 Phineas Palmeter, Jr., erected a two story dwelling this summer, at the 
 south-west corner of Main and Third streets ; but it was not finished that 
 season. Wm. Clark and Jesse Smith commenced a large, square-roofed 
 tavern house on the south-east comer of Main and Third streets; but Clark 
 soon sold his interest to Francis Lamb, from Vermont, and Lamb sold to 
 Horatio Dix, a carpenter and mill-wright, then a resident of Kiantone. Dix 
 and Smith carried it so nearly to completion, that it was opened as a tavern 
 about the close of the year; and a New Year's ball was held in it — the first 
 ever held in Jamestown. In 1816, the house was sold to EHsha Allen, who 
 kept it as a hotel many years, and sold many goods in it. The early build- 
 ings in the village were all erected on block foundations. The cellar of the 
 Allen House was walled with hewed pine logs to sustain the sides of the 
 cellar and the sills of the building. In a few years the cellar became so 
 musty, and the air so impure, that the use of the cellar was abandoned. 
 The severe and protracted sickness of the family of Solomon Jones, Esq., 
 who then kept the tavern, was imputed to the state of the cellar. Most of 
 the early small house cellars were made by merely digging a hole with scoop- 
 ing, sloping sides and not walled. To the cellar there was a trap door 
 through the floor. 
 
 The first stone cellar and foundation for a building in the village, was the 
 fine store erected by Silas Tifiany, in 1819, where the Burtch drug store stood. 
 He obtained his shelly stone mostly fi-om the rivulets south of Warner's steam 
 saw-mill. The house of Judge Foote, erected in 1823, on the site of the 
 collegiate school, was the first dwelling with stoned cellar and foundation in 
 the village. The stone was chiefly fi-om the bottoms of spring brooks. At 
 that time the Dexterville quarries were not opened, nor were the people aware 
 of their existence until Col. Dexter had opened them. Stone cellars and 
 foundations soon after became common. 
 
 Messrs. Hohnes, of the present town of Sheridan, built, in 1815, a single 
 wool-carding machine, in the attic of Judge Prendergast's grist-mill, leased for 
 that purpose. About the time it was completed, it was sold to Walter Sim- 
 mons and Horace Blanchar, firom Oxford, N. Y., who ran it that season. 
 There were no large flocks of sheep ; but small lots of wool were brought 
 from a distance. 
 
 The village now began to be 02!^^^ Jamestown. It so appeared in a man- 
 uscript advertisement of wool carding by Simmons and Blanchar. It had 
 been proposed to call the y\\^&gt Jamesville, in honor of its ioundtr, James 
 
JAMESTOWN. 341 
 
 Prendergast ; but having been informed that there was a village and post- 
 office by that name in this state, the present name was given. Still, the 
 name of Ellicott, or the Rapids, was commonly used until 1816 or 181 7. 
 
 The incorporation of The Chautauqua Manufacturitig Company was con- 
 summated September 11, 1815. Its capital was to be one hundred thou- 
 sand dollars; its object was declared to be "the manufacture of cotton 
 cloth and dyeing cotton yarn and cotton cloth." The business of the 
 company was to be carried on in the town of Ellicott The corporators 
 named were the following: Jediah Prendergast, Samuel Sinclear, Jacob 
 Houghton, Solomon Jones, Ebenezer Cheney, Nathan Cass, David Boyd, 
 James Prendergast, John Thompson. Judge P. was the agent and executive 
 officer. In 18 16, \hs factory canal, or head race, was mostly excavated; a 
 heavy factory frame erected and inclosed, and the outside finished, except 
 glazing ; and a part of the floors was laid with heavy oak plank. The reader 
 may be surprised on being told, that all this was done without any written 
 contract binding Judge P. to convey to the company the requisite land and 
 the water power. They had only a verbal promise to convey. As, however, 
 his word " was as good as his bond," the principal danger of the company 
 was in the uncertainty of life. Capt. Dix, who had put up the building, and 
 who had not received all his pay, sued the company and obtained judgment 
 for about $2,000. The property was sold by the sheriff, and bid in by Judge 
 P. for less than the cost of the building. Judge Prendergast converted it 
 into a custom grist-mill, which was destroyed by fire in Sept., 1833. In the 
 winter of 1833-4, he had a flouring and custom mill erected on the same site 
 — Elijah Bishop, builder — where a mill has been in operation to this time. 
 
 Nicholas Dolloff, a native of Raymond, N. H., removed to Westfield, 
 March, 18 14; thence to Slippery Rock on the outlet of Chautauqua lake, 
 and helped Nathan Cass erect saw-mills. In 181 5, he removed to James- 
 town, and commenced sawing for Judge Prendergast. While in his employ, 
 he purchased of him two lots on the east side of Spring street, and built a 
 small plank house at a spring, since called Palmeter's spring. He helped 
 dig the lock race at the south end of the dam. About 1817, he bought land 
 on the Connewango, on which he afterwards built saw-mills and a two story 
 brick house ; and resided there many years. He sold his mills and moved 
 up on the east side of the Connewango, two miles. Dolloff and Elias Tracy, 
 with what help they could get, built the two bridges on the Cassadaga and 
 the Connewango creeks. Mr. Dolloff was a member of the Methodist church. 
 He died in March, 1870, aged 90^^ years. 
 
 Dr. Laban Hazeltine and wife, from Windham Co., Vt, in October, 1815, 
 settled permanently in Jamestown. He was the second physician there. Dr. 
 Elial T. Foote having preceded him a few months. Dr. H. practiced his 
 profession in Jamestown about thirty years. 
 
 Abner Hazeltine, a graduate of Williams College, came in November, 
 1815, and opened a school in the academy building, and studied law while 
 teaching. He is still a resident of the village. 
 
342 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 Dr. William P. Proudfit, son of Dr. Andrew Proudfit, was born in Argyle, 
 N. Y., in 1806; graduated at Castleton Medical College, Vt., in 1831. He 
 came from Argyle to Jamestown in Jan., r832. He married Maria Freeman, 
 and removed, in 1836, to Milwaukee, Wis., where he died in 1843. His 
 widow, with two surviving children, returned to Jamestown. 
 
 James M. Winslow, a native of Vermont, came to Jamestown in 1 833, and 
 was there engaged in the stage business. In 1839, he went to Cleveland, 
 Ohio, and thence to St. Paul, Minn. He was a son of Elisha Winslow, and 
 "his mother was a sister of Solomon Jones. An elder brother, Thomas J., 
 came in 1827, and kept the Shaw hotel several years. In 1836, he removed 
 to Elyria, O., and the same year to Black Rock, near Buffalo. 
 
 Nathaniel Johnson, father of Fobes Johnson, who was a member of as- 
 sembly from this county in 1844, and of Lorenzo Johnson, for many years 
 a tailor at Jamestown, went to visit his son at that place. He went to bed 
 as well as usual, and was found dead in bed in the morning. He died in 
 October, 1826, aged 64, and was buried at Jamestown. 
 
 Nathan Meads, from Fort Miller to Onondaga Co., and thence to EUicott, 
 on lot 35, tp. 2, r. 11, 429 acres, purchased Feb., 1813, from the Holland 
 Land Company. He is said to have settled in 1812. He built two small 
 log houses near the north shore of the outlet. In the fall of 181 5, he built 
 a large two story house of square-hewed pine timber ; but before it was com- 
 pleted, he sold his place to Solomon Jones and Henry Babcock, about 1816, 
 and removed to the west side of the range line, in the town of Ellery — where 
 his wife died in 1836, aged 6r. He died Nov., r839, aged 63. 
 
 The surface of the ground of the village was very uneven. A person who 
 did not see it in early days could now scarcely imagine the amount of labor 
 expended, within half a century, in filling up swamp holes and gulfs, cutting 
 down knolls, and grading streets. In the earliest surveys, no lots were laid 
 out south of First street Judge P. was cautious in the selling of lots or 
 grounds that might encroach upon the grounds required for canals or for 
 manufacturing purposes. At first, few lots south of Second street, between 
 Main and Spring, were sold. Second street was not opened between Pine 
 and James streets for about six years, owing to a deep ravine extending from 
 the north-east comer of Pine and Second streets, down the hill towards the 
 outlet. Another ravine, about six feet deep, formed by the outlet of Palme- 
 tefs spring, crossed Second street, near where Budlong's first ashery was 
 built. There was also a smaller ravine which crossed Second street at Me- 
 chanics alley. This alley, it is believed, was not worked for the passage of 
 carriages for the space of two years or more. In Third street, the tamarack 
 and alder swamp, commencing near the junction of Cherry and Third streets, 
 and extending west beyond Washington street, was not opened for teams 
 under about ten years. On the east side of Main street, in front of Rufus 
 Jones' store, was a deep swamp hole with tall flags, extending into Third 
 street, where cows were sometimes mired, and had to be extricated by the 
 help of men. 
 
JAMESTOWN. 343 
 
 About the south-east corner of Third and Pine streets, embracing a part 
 of the site of Allen's flour store, was a knoll that has at different periods 
 been cut down about 20 feet. And on the south side of Third street, near 
 Factory alley, was a swamp hole, embracing the alley and the east end of 
 the lot of Breed's cabinet shop, which required much filling. These are but 
 specimens of the numerous places requiring large expenditures. 
 
 The first bridge 'across the outlet in Jamestown, was built by Rufiis Landon 
 near the grist-mill, in 1814. The second was built in 1825, above the ftrst, 
 and about twice its width below the present one [then 1857.] This was 
 erected for the town by Henry Morgan and Jonathan Spencer. The third 
 was built at the foot of Main street, by Sanford Holman and Samuel H. 
 Woodward, and was a little higher up than theTormer, but not so high as the 
 later one. The wooden bridges over, the outlet have lasted, with repairs, 
 about 10 or 12 years. In 1864, a stone arch bridge was built over the old 
 factory canal or present mill race, at the foot of Main street, and in 1870, a 
 fine stone structure, with two arches, across the main stream, of the width of 
 Main street, of which it is a continuation. 
 
 Territorial Enlargement. — The year 1822 was an important epoch in the 
 history of Jamestown. From its settlement in 18 10, it had been a lumbering 
 village in the midst of a tract of about 1,000 acres, belonging to Judge 
 Prendergast, of which only 50 or 60 acres had been cleared about his village 
 plat ; and the large water power had been confined to the manufacture of 
 lumber, and to the propulsion of a carding and cloth-dressing establishment. 
 The proprietor had declined to sell water power or land except in village 
 lots of 50 by 1 20 feet. Pine boards had fallen from $6 per thousand to 
 $2.50. The local agent of the Holland Land Company had refused to sell 
 the land between Judge Prendergast's tract and Dexterville land, calling it 
 " reserved land," which constituted a large portion of the wilderness sur- 
 rounding the village. Dr. Elial T. Foote having, in 1816, and several times 
 afterwards, applied, without success, for the purchase of this land, made ap- 
 plication, direct, to Mr. Busti, the general agent, and obtained the land. The 
 speedy sale and improvement of a large portion of this ample water power 
 gave a fresh impetus to the growth of the village. He sold much of his 
 tract in parcels of from 5 to 40 acres — among them one of r i acres includ- 
 ing the water power at the lower dam, on which were erected various kinds 
 of manufactories. 
 
 Jamestown was incorporated by an act of the legislature passed March 6, 
 1827. Its boundaries are thus described: Beginning at the south-east comer 
 of James Hall's land, [lot 27, township 2, range 11;] thence south to the 
 town line, between townships i ^nd 2 ; thence west to the line of the town 
 of Busti; thence north to the outlet of Chautauqua lake; thence up said 
 outlet to Solomon Jones' land, [lot 35, township 2, range 11;] thence east to 
 the place of beginning. By an act of April 7, 1844, the south line of the 
 village was removed south, taking in one more tier of lots. 
 
344 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 Manufactures of Jamestown. 
 
 The first tannery in Jamestown was established in 1814 or 181 5, by 
 John Burge, who is elsewhere noticed. In 1822, Wellford Barker bought of 
 Phineas Stevens a half interest of the tannery south of First street, at the 
 foot of Cherry ; the other half was bought of Salmon Grout by Samuel Bar- 
 rett. They worked the next season about 125 slaughter hides, 150 calf-skins, 
 and 54 Spanish hides. Bark cost $1.50 a cord, and was ground under a large 
 stone ; hides, 5 cents per pound ; skins, 8 to 10 cents. Sole leather sold for 
 31 cents; upper, $3 to $4.50 per side; calf-skins, $2.50 to $4 each. Barrett 
 and Barker sold, about 1828, to James Clark, and the tannery was abandoned 
 in 1832. A second tannery was commenced in 1824 by Phineas Stevens 
 and Salmon Grout, south of Sf cond street, foot of Spring. It was afterwards 
 owned successively by Salmon Grout, by Grout, Titus Kellogg and Elias 
 Havens, by E. Havens and N. K. Ransom, and by Orlando Havens, and 
 abandoned in 1838. A tannery was established in 1831, on the south side 
 of the outlet, at the sash factory, by Richard W. Arnold, Wm. M. Eddy, and 
 John M. Warn— bark mill propelled by water. It was subsequently owned 
 in part by Jason Hazard, Lewis Hazard, Wm. M. Eddy, Arnold and Stevens, 
 and Wellford Barker; and in 1840, by R. W. Arnold. In 1833, Titus Kel- 
 logg built a tannery opposite Arnold's. Kellogg sold, about 1838, to E. T. 
 Foote and Richard F. Fenton, who, in 1840, sold a third interest to Wellford 
 Barker; and in 1843, Foote sold his interest to his partners; and the tannery 
 was burned in Sept., 1847, and rebuilt the same fall. Fenton sold, in 1850, 
 to Michael W. Hutton, and Barker to Hutton & Joseph Bradley in 1851. 
 The tannery was discontinued in 1856. A tannery was built by Horace 
 Allen, in 1850; the machinery propelled by steam. It was occupied about 
 one year by S. C. Crosby and Samuel Brown, and then for five years not used. 
 Wellford Barker bought it in 1856, repaired it, and tanned, in less than a 
 year, about 2,200 hides, and 2,000 kip and calf-skins; and in Sept., 1857, it 
 was destroyed by fire. 
 
 Rufus Pier and Elmer Freeman commenced the hatting business in 1816, 
 and continued in partnership until 1819. Pier then carried on the business 
 alone for a time. Strickland and Sayles occupied the shop for a time, and 
 after them Rice & Barker. When Pier & Freeman were in business, their 
 prices for hats were : wool bodies and muskrat nap, from $4.50 to $8. Castor 
 hats, fur and wool bodies, or coarse fur bodies, $8 to $10. Felt hats, [wool,] 
 according to fineness of wool, $1.50 to $3. They paid for muskrat skins 
 from 25 to 50 cents. They bought the first year the skins of three beavers 
 caught near Goose creek, [now Harmony,] and paid for them $6 a pound. 
 An otter skin was occasionally bought. At first there were few fox skins, 
 but they became more plenty as the settlement increased. When Pier & 
 Freeman commenced business, the nearest hatter was Abijah Clark, in 
 EUery, who worked in a log shop. He intended to remove to Jamestown ; 
 but the coming in of Pier & Freeman prevented his removal ; and in a few 
 years he quit the business. Hatters in those days furnished merchants about 
 
JAMESTOWN. 345 
 
 the country with hats to sell, or exchanged them for goods. The firm at 
 length dissolved. Freeman remof ed to Westfield, and in a few years returned, 
 and resumed business in Jamestown. His advertisement appears in a James- 
 town paper in 1826. 
 
 The first cabinet-maker in Jamestown was S. E. Colton, who worked in 
 Royal Keyes' joiner shop, on the west side of Main street, above Third 
 street. Keyes had, winter seasons, done something' at the business, making 
 some of the cheaper articles of fiirniture. In the spring of 1820, Wm. 
 Breed came to Jamestown, a single man, a carpenter and joiner; but he had 
 worked with a cabinet-maker in Pittsburgh, and acquired a knowledge of the 
 trade. He went into Keyes' shop, first on his own account, and afterwards 
 formed a partnership with Keyes in the carpenter and- joiner and the cabinet- 
 making business. Keyes was building the DoUoff mills on the Connewango, 
 and could do, in the winter, all the cabinet work that could be sold during 
 the year. The partnership commenced about 1822, and continued about 
 three years. Breed then built a shop for cabinet-making on the west side of 
 Pine street, above Third, and after one year took into partnership his brother 
 John C. In [833, they built a shop on the corner of Pine and Second 
 streets. In 1835, they took into partnership Almon Partridge; and the 
 company built, at the lower village, a factory to go by water power ; being 
 the first machinery at Jamestown propelled by water for planing boards or 
 turning cabinet molders' work. The partnership conrinued until the death 
 of Mr. Partridge, in 1837. In 1839, Albert Partridge became a partner, and 
 continued as such about two years. About 1853, DeWitt, son of Wm. Breed, 
 became a partner under the same firm name as that of the former triple part- 
 nership, W. & J. C. Breed & Co. When the Breeds commenced business, 
 cherry boards, first quality, were $8 to $10 per M., and pine lumber, $2.50 
 to $3 ; and they aftenvards sold some at Pittsburgh for $2.50. Cherry 
 now, [written in 1858,] from $12 to $25 per M. Hard maple, for bed- 
 steads, about $10. Formerly the trade was chiefly in barter and store 
 orders; now mostly cash or good credit. This manufactory was situated at 
 the lower dam, on the south side of the outlet, on Willard street. In 1858, 
 Nathan & Emmet Breed converted the tannery previously owned by Foote, 
 Fenton & Barker int# a manufactory of agricultural implements, propelled 
 alternately by water and steam. A large business was done for several years 
 in this concern. It was afterwards converted into an extensive furniture 
 manufactory by Judson W. and DeWitt C. Breed, by whom it is still con- 
 ducted. The amount of furniture manufactured and sold by Messrs. Breed 
 in 1870, was about $65,000, exclusive of articles sold at their retail rooms 
 on Second street. George Wood &. Co. also manufacture furniture on a large 
 scale, to an amount 0/ about $35,000 yearly. And Sherman & Marsh make 
 bedsteads estimated at $40,000. 
 
 Wm. Knight opened a saddle and harness shop in Jamestown in 182 1, in 
 a small building owned by Elisha Allen, on the east side of Main street, and 
 after several removals went, in 1827, into the south end of the Budlong 
 
346 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. * 
 
 building, 2d story, since known as the Hawley block. In 1829, Solomon 
 Jones and Wm. Knight commenced the business together, and continued it 
 for about three years ; after which. Knight continued it alone about three 
 .years longer, when he removed to Harmony. 
 
 Day Knight opened a shop. in 1821, in a small building opposite the house 
 of James Prendergast, but soon removed to Westfield, and returned in 1826, 
 and opened a shop opposite Plumb & Co.'s store, south of the Allen House. 
 In 1833, he formed a partnership with Samuel Knight, and after one year he 
 carried on business alone until his removal to Randolph in 1840. 
 
 Silas Shearman commenced work for Wm. Knight, Dec, 1822, and, in the 
 fall of 1825, went to Fredonia, and, in 1827, returned, and opened a shop 
 in the second story of the Budlong building, corner of Main and Third 
 streets, afterwards known as the Hawley block. In Dec, 1832, he removed 
 to the brick shop built by him on Third street, opposite the Allen House. 
 John P. Shearman, James Dinnin, Frederic Bond, J. Saxton, James Marshall, 
 and others served as apprentices under him. The average price of harness 
 leather, from 1827 to 1848, was about 26 cents a pound ; from 1848 to 1854, 
 21 cents; from 1854 to 1858, 30 cents. In 1850, it was sold at 20 cents; 
 in 1857, as high as 35 cents. In an early day, leather was generally pro- 
 cared of Gen. Barker at Fredonia, and at Buffalo. Bridle leather cost from 
 $2.50 to $3 a side. Average price of labor was $18 to $20 a month. Silas 
 Shearman continued business without intermission and without a partner, from 
 1827 to 1854. a period of 27 years. He then formed a partnership with 
 Rufus P. Shearman, which continued for several years under the firm of 
 S. Shearman & Son. The business is at present carried on by Michael 
 Woods, their successor, comer of Pine and Third streets. 
 
 John P. Shearman commenced the saddle and harness business in the 
 south end of the Hawley block, 2d story, in 1839, and continued alone until 
 December, 1841; then in connection with James Dinnin until 1844; then 
 with Charles Kennedy i^ years; then alone until February, 1854. Dinnin, 
 after his dissolution with Shearman, opened a shop, and continued business 
 alone until March, 1849, with the exception of one year in company with 
 Samuel Hall. The business was continued, singly or in company, by Ken- 
 nedy, Vernon Morley, Alfred S. Mason, and Alexander G. Peters, until 
 1858, when the concern was sold to Silas Shearman & Son. The same 
 business was commenced by several others comparatively early, and contin- 
 ued for brief periods. 
 
 Daniel Hazeltine came to Jamestown in May, 1816. He erected a build- 
 ing 24 by 36, one story high, for a cloth-dressing shop, and put h\& fulling- 
 mill under Judge Prendergast's log way, in front of his saw-mill. He com- 
 menced dressing cloth in October. In 1818, he bui^t an addition to his 
 building, two stories high, 24 by 26 feet, and dug a race from the factory 
 race, and moved his . fulling-mill from the saw-mill. In the spring of 1819, 
 he leased to Horace Blanchar the second story for his carding machine, 
 formerly owned by Simmons & Blanchar, and run by them in the garret 
 
JAMESTOWN. ^ 347 
 
 of Judge Prendergasfs grist-mill. In 1823, he bought Blanchar's machines, 
 and Harmis Willard put in a new machine ; and they carried on wool-carding 
 in partnership. In 1824, Hazeltine commenced the manufacture of woolen 
 cloth on shares, the owner of the wool pa)ang 12^ cents per yard for his 
 half; the cloth weighing from 12 to 16 ounces per yard. His first prices for 
 dressing cloth were from 15 to 44 cents per yard. He charged in 1823 for; 
 carding wool, 5 cents per pound. He dressed the first year about 2,500 
 yards. When he came to Jamestown, the nearest cloth-dressing establish- 
 ments were at Fredonia and Westfield. Custom wool-carding and cloth- 
 aressing was about at its height from 1829 to 1833, when he dressed from 
 16,000 to 20,000 yards a year. The price for dressing was from 6 to 25 
 cents a yard. [Six cents was probably the price of simply pressing flannel 
 for women's wear.] For indigo blue 50 cents was charged. In 1836, Mr. 
 Hazeltine bought of Chandler & Winsor their establishment, erected about 
 1826 at the " lower dam," then known as " Piousville,'' and removed his ma- 
 chinery to that place in April, from a stone building erected by D. Hazeltine 
 and Robert Falconer, in or about the year 1830, just below Judge Prender- 
 gast's grist-mill. He commenced manufacturing cloth in 1838. He erected 
 a new building in 1853. He manufactured about 4,000 pounds of wool the 
 first year after he removed his works to the place he bought of Chandler & 
 Winsor. He manufactured, in 1858, about 20,000 pounds. For short 
 periods of time, Taber Wood, and after his retirement, Wm. B. Hazeltine, 
 son of Daniel Hazeltine, was a partner. In 1865, Mr. H; sold to his sons, 
 and retired from the business. The sons, not long afterwards, transferred 
 the establishment, which has since been operated by the well known firm of 
 Allen, Preston & Co. 
 
 The first manufacturer of scythe snaths in Jamestown was Samuel Garfield, 
 an early settler in Busti. He afterwards formed a partnership with Ezra 
 Wood. The snaths were made by steaming and bending. The manufac- 
 tory was enlarged and the machinery' improved, until many hundred dozens 
 were turned out annually, and shipped extensively to the south and west. 
 A second shop was built by Edward Reynolds ; and a third by A. B. Cobb 
 and Wm. Broadhead, both on Second street, near Spring street, and both 
 were burned. Cobb & Sons built a new factory, and manufactured 300 
 dozen snaths a year, and large numbers of grain cradles and rakes. This, 
 too, was burned, and another erected ; and while doing a large business, this 
 also was burned down. The same business was next started by Simmons & 
 Tyrrell, south side of Second street, near Cross street, where over 6co dozen 
 snaths were turned out yearly, and 200 dozen grain cradles. Nathan and 
 Ezra Breed converted the tannery at the lower dam into a factory of the same 
 kind, where the same articles and a variety of other agricultural implements 
 were made. This business was carried on less extensively, between 1866 
 and 1870, by W. R. Denslow, Wm. Broadhead, and Harmis Willard. 
 
 The first sash factory in Jamestown, or in the county, was established in 
 the spring of 1827, by Sedgwick Benham, Smith Seymour, and Goodwin, 
 
348 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 on the north shore of the outlet, immediately below the saw-mill at the 
 lower dam. In the spring of 1828, Seymour ran a boat with sash to Pitts- 
 burgh, where patent sash were unknown. So little confidence had the people 
 there in the new sash, that he was compelled to sell them for from i to i^ 
 cents per light > and the purchasers put them in inferior buildings. Goodwin 
 sold his interest to his partners, and returned to Onondaga county. John 
 Scott subsequently bought an interest in the factory. It did a large business 
 for many years. Great quantities of sash were sent by wagons into other 
 counties, and down the Ohio and Mississippi rivers ; and within a few years 
 hand-made sash disappeared from the market. Sash, doors and blinds were 
 made at the upper dam, on Main street, by Albert Smith and H. S. Fox, for 
 a number of years. They were succeeded by Johnson & Peterson, who now 
 manufacture of these articles to the value of about $10,000 annually. At 
 the lower dam, the manufacture of the same articles has been carried on 
 extensively by Scott & Barrows, R. J. & H. Barrows ; and now by Corydon 
 Hitchcock and John T. Wilson. 
 
 Parley Smith & Brother established the first pail and tub factory at the 
 sash factory dam, in the lower part of the village, and commenced making 
 ware in December, 1831. They made in value to the amount of about 
 $3,000 a year, for two years. They then sold their establishment to Merri- 
 field & Eddy in the spring of 1833, who ran the first boat load of their 
 goods to Pittsburgh in the fall. They manufactured for two years to the 
 amount of about $4,000 a year ; and then sold the concern to Ezra Wood, 
 Jr., who ran the shop for one year, and made ware to the value of about 
 $10,000. In the fall of 1835, Joel Partridge bought a half interest in the 
 establishment, which was carried on by Wood & Partridge for five years, 
 who made about $25,000 worth a year. Partridge sold back his interest to 
 Wood, who, in two years, ran about $5,000 worth a year, and then sold to 
 Kibling & Peasley. They manufactured for two or three years about $6,000 
 worth a year. The shop, after lying idle a while, was moved to Dexterville. 
 It was there conducted by Salisbury, Kibling & Co., who manufactured ware 
 to the value of about $20,000. Through bad management, or for other 
 cause, the firm became insolvent, and quit the business. The amount, in 
 value, of the ware made by Smith & Brother and their successors, was about 
 $200,000. 
 
 Among the various branches of the manufactures of Jamestown was the 
 manufacture of a great variety of wooden ware, which was transported by 
 flat boats 'to Pittsburgh and down the Ohio. In a statement prepared many 
 years ago by Nathan Brown, who had been for fifteen years engaged in this 
 trade, are the following facts : 
 
 Mr. Brown having been an indorser for an embarrassed firm, was compelled 
 to take, by way of indemnity, a small flat boat with a cargo of pails, wash- 
 tubs, keelers, maple veneering, and lath, valued at about $1,300. In April, 
 1843, ^^ started on his trip; and the proceeds of his cargo fell short, by 
 about $300, of discharging his assumed obligation. He, however, continued 
 
JAMESTOWN. 349 
 
 the business of manufacturing and transporting his wares, increasing the size 
 of his boats and the extent and variety of his wares, adding grain cradles, 
 hay rakes, scythe snaths, half-bushel measures, window sash, doors, blinds, 
 etc. The value of his first cargo was about $1,300. His yearly sales in- 
 creased in amount, until they reached nearly $20,000. He first ran one boat 
 a year, and giadually increased the number, running, in 1857, seven boats. 
 At the close of his business in 1858, he had run 65 boats, and sold of the 
 products of his manufactures, $220,214, of which about $30,000 had been 
 manufactured outside of Jamestown. 
 
 The Cane Seat Chair Company was established as a manufactory for 
 making cane seat chairs, in which about 200 men, women and children are 
 employed, and chairs turned out yearly to the value of $160,000. The 
 Wood Seat Chair Company, Whitney & Warner, turn out about $60,000 
 worth yearly ; and Prother & Co., to the value of $20,000. Oliver Chase 
 & Son have in operation a chair factory, which is estimated to turn out chairs 
 
 to the amount of $25,000. Gates manufactures cane seats amounting 
 
 to about $4,000. 
 
 A piano manufactory, of which George A. Georgi is proprietor, was estab- 
 lished some years ago on the south side of the outlet, which employs about 
 32 men, and turns out instruments to the value of about $80,000. 
 
 In or about the year 1834, Crane & Fuller established an axe factory at 
 Dexterville, on the present site of the works of Charles L. Jeffords. Its 
 capacity was about 3 dozen per day. In 1840, E. Edgerton assumed the 
 control of the works; and, in 1852, Charles L. Jeffords became interested in 
 them. In i860, they were entirely destroyed by fire. They were rebuilt, 
 and in 1869, they were again burnt to the ground, and speedily rebuilt in 
 their present enlarged form. Power is furnished both by water and steam, 
 thus securing ample power during low water. Three or four trip hammers 
 are used; and such are the improvements made in the machinery, and such 
 is the skill in workmanship attained by the operatives, as to enable them to 
 turn out firom 40 to 50 dozen per day. The numerous operations through 
 which the designed product has to pass, can not be intelligibly described. The 
 facility with which they are performed, and the rapidity with which an axe 
 passes through a score of different hands to its final polish, are remarkable. 
 A variety of other edge tools are made at these works. The amount of 
 business done by the present proprietor has been from $25,000 to $50,000 a 
 year. The latter sum is likely to to be reached the present year. 
 
 An important addition to the manufactures of Jamestown is the alpaca 
 manufacture. In March, 1873, William Hall, William Broadhead and Jos. 
 Turner commenced the erection of a building for this purpose. Mr. Broad- 
 head having retired, the firm name is at present Hall & Turner. ,The ma- 
 chinery was purchased in England by Mr. Turner, then a resident of that 
 country. He also brought with him . all the skilled help. The operatives 
 employed here are principally Swedes, a large portion of the population of 
 the village being of that nationality. The manufacture commenced the ist 
 
3 so HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 of December, 1873. The cotton waxps are made at Holyoke, Mass. The 
 wool used is Cotswold, Lincoln, and Leicester, all of which is raised in this 
 country. They manufacture Orleans and Glaces ; also mohairs and mohair 
 mixtures. The capital of the establishment is $100,000, giving employment 
 at present to about 90 hands. 
 
 •Biographical and Genealogical. 
 
 Augustus F. Allen, eldest son of Elisha and Juliet [Holbrook] Allen, • 
 was bom in Wardsboro', Vt., Sept. 13, 1813. His grandfather, Capt. Allen, 
 of Princeton, Mass., while a deputy sheriflF, was murdered by a man named 
 Frost, whom he had in charge, and who had murdered his own father. 
 Elisha Allen, father of Col. A. F. Allen, was bom in Princeton, Mass., Sept. 
 5, 1786. He removed with the rest of the family to Vermont, and was mar- 
 ried to Juliet Holbrook, who was bom at Sturbridge, Mass., June 6, 1790. 
 In 181 6, he came to Jamestown, and bought the property on the corner of 
 Main and Third streets, where the Gifford House now stands ; returned to 
 Vermont, and in 1826 came to Jamestown with his wife and two sons, Augus- 
 tus and Dascum, the latter having been born at Wardsboro', Sept. 5, 181 5. 
 Elisha Allen also bought a farm on what is now Warren street. He after- 
 wards occupied, as a dwelling, a part of the house previously kept as a hotel 
 on the present site of the Jamestown House, where he died, Sept. 30, 1830, 
 aged 44 years. His hotel property, occupied for many years by a number of 
 keepers, remained in possession of his heirs ; and after the great fire of 1852, 
 by which it was destroyed, the sons, Augustus and Dascum, erected in its 
 place a new building, of brick, since known as the "Allen House," now the 
 " Gifford House." Augustus, after the death of his father, was left, at the 
 age of 17, as the head of the family. He attended school for a time at the 
 academies of Fredonia and Jamestown, and acquired a fair English educa- 
 tion ; and Dascum engaged as a clerk in the store of Nathaniel A. Lowry. 
 About 1835, the brothers, the younger not yet of age, engaged in the mer- 
 cantile and lumbering business, which they carried on extensively, and suc- 
 cessfully. Abner H., the youngest brother, when of age, became a partner : 
 and after his death, in 1 849, Dascum took the concern, and afterwards, Allen 
 & Maurice. The business of A. F. & D. Allen extended over the southern 
 part of this county, and far into Cattaraugus Co., N. Y., and Warren Co., 
 Pa. In 1846, they dissolved partnership, and divided their property. In 
 1848, Augustus became a partner of Daniel Grandin in the woolen manufac- 
 ture ; the latter had acquired a knowledge from the late Daniel Hazeltine, and 
 from a Mr. Washbum in the old stone factory in First street. In 1867, the 
 firm of Allen, Preston & Co. was formed, of which Mr. Allen was a member 
 at the time of his death. Col. Allen also became actively engaged in public 
 improvements. To no single individual are the people of southern Chau- 
 tauqua more indebted for railroad facilities than to him. To the promotion 
 of the various industrial interests of Jamestown, he contributed largely by 
 his counsels, his personal influence, and his wealth. In early life he was 
 
< ^ </ /_^ -^^ 'L''t^-<^' 
 
 ^_. ^f ,.y^d^ 
 
 -L-x^:,- 
 
JAMESTOWN. 351 
 
 commissioned as colonel of a regiment of state militia, with his brother 
 Dascum as lieutenant-colonel, and subsequently attained to the rank of brig- 
 adier-general. He took an active part in measures for the prosecution of the 
 late war. He was appointed colonel of the 1 1 2th regiment of New York 
 state volunteers, for the purpose of its organization, and for several months 
 gave his personal attention to recruiting. Knowing his business talents, the 
 people of Ellicott elected him supervisor at such times as he would accept 
 the office, until his death, which occurred just before the expiration of his 
 seventeenth term. In 1867, he was elected a member of the constitutional 
 convention of that year, and bore an honorable part in its deliberations. In 
 the fall of that year, though a republican, he accepted a nomination as an 
 independent candidate for the state senate ; and by a division of the repub- 
 lican vote, the democratic candidate was elected. In 1874, having become 
 fully affiliated with the "liberal republicans," who were joined by the demo- 
 crats in his support, he was elected a representative to Congress. His health 
 had been failing ; and he was ill able to endure the strain of a hotly contested 
 political struggle. His active participation in this contest, and the anxiety 
 he felt for his family, [wife, son Alfred D., and his daughter Charlotte, Mrs. 
 Black,] who had gone to Europe, partly on account of the poor health of the 
 son and daughter, had a serious effect upon his health, which became more 
 and more impaired, until his friends and physicians became alarmed. His 
 brain became affected. This increased the alarm. His family in Europe 
 were telegraphed ; and his wife and son started for home. They came too 
 late to see him ahve ; but the burial was deferred until after their arrival. 
 He had been a member of the Presbyterian church for nearly forty years. 
 Never, perhaps, has the death of a citizen of Jamestown been more gener- 
 ally and deeply lamented. 
 
 Dascum Allen, second son of Elisha Allen, was bom in Wardsborough, 
 Vt., September 5, 1817, and came with his father to Jamestown in 1817. 
 As he was, during the most important part of his business life, associated 
 with his elder brother, Augustus F. Allen, whose sketch has been given, the 
 facts therein stated need not be repeated. Like his brother, he was pre- 
 eminently a business man. His business operations did not cease with the 
 dissolution of the copartnership. He continued actively and successfully the 
 lumber business. He lumbered heavily upon the branches of the Allegany 
 and the Connewango, marketing his lumber at Cincinnati, every spring and 
 fall ; and, after a diligent and energetic prosecution of his business, he found 
 himself in possession of an ample fortune, which, however, was somewhat 
 impaired before his death. Says the writer of his obituary: "He had a big 
 heart, and could not see a friend in trouble. His unbounded credit was al- 
 ways at the service of his friends, whose bondsman he became, and whose 
 papers he indorsed, whenever he could be made to believe that the necessity 
 was urgent, and the party acted honestly and in good faith. He never re- 
 quired collateral, nor took a dollar for the loan of his credit. The resuft 
 was, that he paid upon liabilities by indorsements, for which he never 
 
352 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 received anything, over fifty thousand dollars !" He took a prominent part in 
 building up Jamestown. Probably none of the citizens invested more in 
 buildings, and in creating facilities for business of various kinds. He was 
 married Nov. 14, 1839, to Susan W. Darling, by whom he had 4 children : 
 Horace F., who resides in Jamestown; Mary Eveline, who died in infancy; 
 Florence A., wife of Charles W. Grant, at Oil City, Pa. ; and Frank H. 
 
 Horace Allen, a native of Lebanon, N. H., came from Otsego county, 
 N. Y., in February, 1815, to Jamestown with his wife and one child, [Dana 
 H.,] with an ox-team, and moved into one end of a story and a half house ; 
 the other end being left in occupancy by William Forbes, superintendent of 
 Prendergast's mills. The house was on the north-east comer of Main and 
 Second streets, and was built by Forbes in 1812. In April, 1815, he bought 
 of Forbes this house and lot, and the lot immediately east of it, on the west 
 side of Pine street, for $zoo. The house was about 18 by 38 feet. It had 
 a stone and stick-top chimney, which stood in the middle of the house. 
 Forbes soon built for himself another house [a story and a half] on the east 
 side of Main street, on lot 8, next south of the tavern house then in pro- 
 gress, afterwards known as the " Allen House." Allen attached to the build- 
 ing an " L," extending north along Main street about 30 feet, for a dwelling 
 house for himself, intending to use the old building for a store. But before 
 the completion of the new part, he sold the lot and buildings to Nathan 
 Cass, who finished the outside of the new part, and moved into it. Allen 
 remained in the old part imtil he went into the saw-mill boarding-house, 
 which stood a little south of First street, and north side of the race, oppo- 
 site the west end of the Prendergast store, and which had been occupied by 
 Nicholas DoUoff, who had just built a plank house on lots he had bought of 
 Prendergast, including the spring on the east side of Spring street. Horace 
 Allen continued to reside in Jamestown until September, 1816, when he re- 
 moved to the farm he had bought on the Connewango. Nathan Cass sold 
 the premises he had bought of Gen. Allen, to one William French Allen, a 
 merchant from Massachusetts, whose wife was a sister of Laban Bates. The 
 old part of the building was occupied by W. F. Allen as a store, and the 
 new part as a dwelling house. 
 
 Henry Baker was bom in Rensselaer Co., N*. Y., in 1797. At the age 
 of about 17 years, he enlisted in the war of 181 2 as a musician. Two or 
 three years after the war he came to Ellicott, in this county, in which town 
 he resided until his death, July 31, 1863. Among those who were active in 
 developing the business capacities of Jamestown, Col. Baker was one of the 
 most conspicuous. He was a man of clear perceptions, persistent energy, and 
 sound judgment in business matters. In 1817 or r8i8, he located himself 
 at Fluvanna, quite a young man, of very limited education, and destitute of 
 means. "The first few years of his residence there were spent in shoe-making 
 and lumbering. In the spring of 1823, he was elected constable, and soon 
 itfter came to Jamestown, and for some time carried on the shoe-making 
 business. He was married, August 6, 1822, to Anna Keyes, the sister of 
 
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{^-'-'/'^^yy.^y''-'.' 
 
 -v: / L &' 
 
JAMESTOWN. 353 
 
 Royal Keyes, who ^d the next May. He still continued the lumbering 
 business, then the leading industry of the place, and irt which he was 
 engaged to some extent during the remainder of his life. On the 3d of 
 August, 1828, he was married to Maria Fish, a daughter of Cyrus Fish, an 
 early settler. About the same time — perhaps a year or two earlier — he 
 bought out the interest of Judiah E. Budlong in the mercantile firm of Bud- 
 long, Barrett & Co. ; the new firm consisting of Samuel Barrett, Samuel Bud- 
 long, and Henry Baker — ^firm, Barrett, Baker & Co. 
 
 He also became interested in real estate. He purchased a block in that 
 part of the village known as the "The Swamp," and erected what was, at that 
 time, one of the best residences in the place. He purchased also a tract of 
 land, south-west of Jamestown, to which he afterwards removed, and where 
 he died. This, by subsequent additions and improvements, became one of 
 the largest and best cultivated farms in southern Chautauqua. In 1836, he, 
 with five associates, purchased the large and valuable real estate of James 
 Prendergast in Jamestown. After a few years he became invested with the 
 entire estate. This was thought to be a hazardous undertaking; but through 
 his perseverance and the liberal course pursued toward him by Judge Pren- 
 dergast and his son, proved a profitable investment He took an active part 
 in public affairs. He was several times supervisor of his town, and held vari- 
 ous other trusts, which were faithfully discharged. He was for several years 
 a member of the Presbyterian church. His widow still resides, in Jamestown. 
 They had 7 children : 1. Anna Maria, wife of Michael Hutton, Jamestown. 
 2. Richard H., who married Mary Winsor, Jamestown. 3. D. Augustus, 
 Jamestown. 4. Mary Grace, wife of Wm. Breeden, lawyer, Santa Fe, 
 New Mexico. 5. James T., Jamestown. 6. Charles, married, and resides 
 in famestown. 7. Winfield Scott, who died at i8. 
 
 Samuel Barrett was bom in Paris, Oneida Co., N. Y., June 29, 1792. 
 At the age of 14, he went to Vermont ; and in 1816, he came to Jamestown, 
 with Daniel Hazeltine. He was married at Wardsboro', Vt, Feb. 5, 1818, 
 to Betsey Hunt, with whom he returned to Jamestown, and for a short time 
 kept the tavern known as the Cass House, where the Jamestown House now 
 stands, on the south-west corner of Main and Second streets. He was next 
 engaged for several years in the lumbering business. He then bought the 
 intere;ft of Salmon Grout, a partner of Phineas Stevens, in the tanning busi- 
 ness ; in which he was engaged, successively, with Mr. Stevens, and Gen. 
 Leverett Barker, of Fredonia, who bought out Stevens, and whose brother, 
 Wellford Barker, came and assisted in carrying on the xbusiness. He was 
 also, for a number of years, in the mercantile business, in Jamestown, in 
 partnership, at different times, with Samuel Budlong, Charles Butler, and 
 Henry Baker. He was an early director of the Chautauqua County Bank ; 
 and, after the resignation of Judge Foote, its first president, he was elected 
 to that office, which he held until his death. He died at Jamestown, where 
 his widow now resides. They had a large number of children, of whom 
 only 6 attained to mature age : i. Henry W., who married Electa Horton, of 
 23 
 
354 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 Ellery, who is deceased. He is a practicing physician, in Kansas. They 
 had 3 children, Corinne, and Henry and Electa, twins. 2. Samuel H., who 
 married, first, Maria L. Spencer, daughter of Rev. Eliphalet Spencer, and 
 had by her 3 children, two of whom are living ; married, second, Adelia 
 Lake, who has no children living ; they reside in Waterville, Kan. 3. Wil- 
 liam E., who married Laura Ann Wescott, and resides in New Jersey; has 
 4 daughters and a son. 4. Lucy E., wife of John H. White, New York. 
 They have 4 children living, a son and 3 daughters. 5. Mary Evelyn, wife 
 of Elial F. Hall, an attorney in the city of New York. 6. Sarah F., wife 
 of Willard Harvey, son of Charles R. Harvey, both deceased, leaving three 
 daughters. 
 
 Elijah Bishop, son of Major Elijah Bishop, was born in Elizabethtown, 
 Essex Co., N. Y., Jan. 21, 1803 ; was married Aug. 16, 1830, to Amy Jenner, 
 who was born Aug. 13, 18 10. He came to Jamestown in October, 1829, 
 but did not permanently settle here until the fall of 1832. He was by trade 
 a millwright. The first smut machine in this region, he built for Judge Pren- 
 dergast's custom mill, which was burned in the fall of 1833. In the winter 
 following he built for Judge P. a new flouring and custom mill, which is now 
 in operation. He introduced important improvements in water wheels and 
 in the pitch of water, making a great saving of water, and in the manner of 
 cleaning grain. He introduced many improvements in various machinery in 
 Jamesto\vn and vicinity, and built many steam and water mills in this county, 
 and in several counties in Pennsylvania. In 1850 he went into trade; and 
 in the great fire of 186 1 he was burned out. He rebuilt on the same ground, 
 and holds the store building, for rent. He has had 12 children, of whom 7 
 survived the period of infancy. They are as follows : i. Edwin L., who 
 married Abbie Putnam ; has one child, and resides in New York. 2. 9lmy 
 Anna, who married, first, G. R. Allen; second, C. W. Scofield, and lives in 
 New York. 3. . Coleman Erskine, who married Hattie A. Benson ; has 3 
 children, and resides in Buffalo ; and has been editor, successively, of the 
 Jamestown Journal, the Oil City Derrick, of which he was the founder; and 
 is at present editor of the Buffalo Express. 4. Prentice E., who served in 
 the late war ; was wounded in the Gettysburg battle by a grape shot on 
 Cemetery Hill, carried from the field and reached home, but died from the 
 wound July 22, 1865. He enlisted as a private at 18, was promoted, to ist 
 lieutenant, and commanded a company when wounded. He was in 17 
 battles, and was hit three times before his fatal wound at Gettysburg. He 
 was promoted while in Libby prison. 5. Ellen E., wife of P. H. Putnam ; 
 they have 2 children, and live in Chicago. 6. Charles L., who lives with 
 his parents in Jamestown. 7. Fred C, who died at 14. 
 
 Samuel A. Brown, son of Col. Daniel Brown and Anna (Phelps) Brown, 
 was born Feb. 20, 1795. Two of his brothers, older than himself, were 
 graduates of Yale College, Daniel B. subsequently a distinguished lawyer at 
 Batavia, N. Y., and Henry, a lawyer at Springfield, N. Y., and afterwards 
 first judge of Otsego Co., who also removed to Batavia, and thence to Chi- 
 

l^^Y^//' " 
 
JAMESTOWN. 355 
 
 cago, where he died of cholera in 1849. Daniel B. died at Batavia in 1842. 
 Samuel, in addition to a good common school education, gtcquired some 
 knowledge of the Latin language and of surveyingf. He studied law about 
 three years in the law office of bis brother Henry in Springfield, and in Oct., 
 1816, he came west on horseback, and> located atjainestown in November. 
 He was in the same month admitted as aa-aMproie^it>.-^e county cour^ and 
 in 1818 in the supreme pourt.;J^;i8?%h:^ *?^s/ia|)pQijite4, i)y thejtf<^es 
 district-attorney, and held the ofl^l^ reJ^pfMQtm^QtS j^>tea jear&t-, In the 
 same year, he became agent of ap^jtherry Valley Land Cpmpufiy, for the 
 sale of about 40,000 acres of Jantjait fl»e. eastern part of tliis coun^. He 
 was president of the village, a direg^ and attorney of the Chautauqua 
 County Bank, and took an active part v^ohp^i^g the incorporation of the 
 Jamestown academy and the erection of &e tiuli^ng. He served as trustee 
 of the Institution from its organization, and.afteitthe removal of Judge Foote 
 from the county, as president of the board of tr^$tees until his death. • He 
 was a member of assembly in 1827, and again in 1845. From 1^40 he held, 
 by successive elections, the office of superintendent of the .poor of the coun- 
 ty, for five years; and from Jan., 1851, he was for 3 years special surrogate 
 of the County. In 1834, he united with the Presbyterian church of James- 
 town ; and in 1849 was elected one of its ruling elders, which office he, held 
 until his death. About the year 1840, he became a life meraber- of the 
 Chautauqua County Bible Society, and also, it is beliq^, of other benevo- 
 lent societies. He did not join the county temperance spc^ty in its,jOiganiza- 
 tion, but subsequently did so, and became an efficient ,.a<J^|^b9ate.^md. liberal 
 supporter of the cause. Mr. B., during his professiona^^^ctice, had as 
 partners, Richard P. Marvin, George W. Tew, and, in ,tur^^^^^^QJts^.C^arles, 
 Theodore, and Levant He died June 7, 1863, aged^,^ijf|;|E)g%^Wife, Pru- 
 dence Olivia (Cotes) Brown, died Aug. 31, 1862,. aged .^^^laJB^^j^Spaonths. 
 They were married March 7, 1819. For the want of.a?|tiH(!i^^4}e hired or 
 of a suitable place to board, they commenced housekg^ii^4|>*^e rear room 
 of his law office, in size 14 by 16, which was<theirJdt<^i|^;^iQl|^r, pantry and 
 bedroom. With an outdoor fire by the sijJe Qfi-a^fa^^ij^nfe stump in the 
 rear of his office building, having a board xoDfpvg^ji^v^ did their cooking 
 and washing without a hired maid, aad,boar<^d<^^,part of the hands while 
 erecting their dwelling house, .an hoBOtable^aough a rare experience among 
 pioneer lawyers', wives in any country. "Riey had 6 children : i. Charles C, 
 who married Eliza Jane Hoskins, and died in 1847, aged 26 years; left 2 
 children, Charles O., now in the general land-office, at Washington ; and a 
 daughter, Evelyn, deceased. 2. Levant £., who married Florinda M. Barrett, 
 and had a daughter. Flora, not living. He was a lawyer, and died ip Jarpes- 
 town, 1875. 3. Theodore, who married Almena K Knowlton, of Westfield; 
 was a partner in law with Levant in Jamestown; had a son, Theodore K., 
 who died at 1 2 ; and a daughter, Eva, who died at 5 ; neither of whom was 
 ever able to walk. 4. Henry £., who married Helen Sprague, and has a 
 son, Charles, living, and a daughter who died in infancy. 5. Margaret P., 
 
356 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 wife of Salathiel Batcheller; who had 4 children, of whom a daughter, Eva, and 
 a son, Levant, are living. Family resides in Victor, Iowa. 6. John T., who 
 married Samantha C. Neff, and had 4 children ; 2 are living, Samuel and Louis. 
 
 Madison Burnell, son of Hon. Joel Bumell, was bom February ro, 
 18 1 2, in Charlotte, Chautauqua county, N. Y., where his parents had previ- 
 ously settled. He was the second of 11 children, 6 sons and 5 daughters. 
 His childhood and youth were spent on the farm, and he shared in the toil of 
 changing the wilderness into cultivated fields. His father possessed a bril- 
 liant intellect, and was a great reader. His mother possessed a superior 
 judgment It was at his home where the intellect of Madison received its 
 inspiration to thought and independent action. His few school books were 
 easily mastered, and the miscellaneous reading about the house was easily 
 devoured. At Fredonia academy he spent half a term, and a term at Mid- 
 dlebury academy, Genesee, now Wyoming county. In his sixteenth year, he 
 taught a district school in Hanover; while he was eagerly reading Black- 
 stone's Commentaries and other law books. Cases tried before his father had 
 familiarized his mind with court proceedings. He early conducted a prose- 
 cution against a thief for sheep stealing with such skill and ingenuity as to 
 obtain a verdict from the entire community, that the boy was "cut out" to be 
 a lawyer. He soon after entered the law office of Richard P. Marvin and 
 Emory F. Warrei^ of Jamestown, as a law student. He made rapid advance- 
 ment in legal knowledge, and derived pleasure as well as profit from 
 the study of law. His profound knowledge of the fundamental elements of 
 <law, became, in lafler years, the fortress of his strength. He once saved a 
 creditor some $8,000, by acting upon what he thought the law ought to be, 
 while his opponent acted upon what he supposed the law was. Hfe spent 
 several years with Judge Marvin, and made no haste to gain an early ad- 
 mission to the bar. He was admitted about the year 1838, and at once en- 
 tered into partnership with his preceptors. The firm of Marvin & Bumell is 
 said to have done most of the heavy law business of the place. Mr. Bur- 
 nell was a member of assembly in 1846 and 1847. The session of 1847 
 was the first after the adoption of the new constitution; and he was chairman 
 of the judiciary committee. In this position he did the state great service 
 in adjusting the statutes to the new constitution. 
 
 AVhen Mr. Marvin was elevafed t<> the Bench, Mr. Bumell continued the 
 business of the office, and entered the field more largely as an advocate; and 
 it was generally conceded that he had few if any superiors in this part of the 
 state. Amidst the excitements of a legal contest, as well as in social inter- 
 course, he was the same trae and honest man, despising deception and trick- 
 ishness. He had a deep insight into human nature; and he became an arch 
 detector along the devious paths of crime. A chain broken into numerous 
 firagments, if he got hold of one link, he would be sure to find the others 
 and reunite them into a perfect whole. His logical acuteness gave him great 
 influence in court These qualities, combined with extraordinary energy and 
 perseverance, gave to Mr. Bumell his preeminence as a lawyer. 
 
//yLo-dJ-.6^'_ 
 
 ,, ^ - ^^^jy^^ 
 
Z2^5^^:^ ^.:--^-/£ 
 
JAMESTOWN. 357 
 
 In 1840, he was married to Sarah Spurr, who srill survives him. To them 
 were born three children: Valissa, Melverton, and Ella. Melverton died in 
 1864, of quick consumption. Ella was married to Dr. Charles Hazeltine in 
 1867, and died in 1873, leaving two children. Valissa, now Mrs. J. S. Cook, 
 resides at Cedar Rapids, Iowa, and is the mother of four children. On the 
 7th of December, 1865, Mr. Bumell was returning from Buffalo, in poor 
 health, having for some years been afflicted with disease of the kidneys, and 
 stopped over night at his mother's in Charlotte. The next day he took din- 
 ner at his sister's [Mrs. H. H. Moore] in Sinclairville. On the evening of 
 that day, he fell in the street, a few feet from the front door of his house, 
 and breathed no more. 
 
 During the latter part of his life, he had been wading through doubts on 
 the subject of religion, and especially the problem of a life to come. There 
 is probably but one person living, to whom he was accustomed to express 
 himself fully on these great subjects. It was certain that he was longing for 
 the rest which the faith of his fathers and of his own childhood alone could 
 give. 
 
 WooDLEY W. Chandler, a native of Virginia, was bom Feb. 14, 1800. 
 After a short residence, successively, in Tennessee, New Orleans, and Cin- 
 cinnati, he came to Dexterville in 182- He was married to Phebe, daughter 
 of Abraham Winsor, and settled on the Connewango, and removed thence to 
 Jamestown in 1826, where, in company with his brother-in-law, John W. Win- 
 sor, he bought of Abm. Winsor a part of the tract of land previously owned 
 by Judge Foote. They built on the outlet a carding and cloth-dressing estab- 
 lishment, where is now the woolen factory of Allen, Preston & Co. Mr. 
 Chandler was also, at the same time, engaged in the lumbering business. He 
 afterwards removed to Levant, on the farm where he died, April 22, 1854. 
 He had 5 children: i. Martin ^., who married Fanny Caldwell, and resides 
 at Red Wing, Minn. He has been elected to the office of sheriff of the 
 county of Goodhue for nine successive terms of 2 years, which office he still 
 holds. He has a daughter, who married Isaac Kellogg, a druggist of Red 
 Wing. 2. Nancy S., wife of Wm. T. Clark. They reside near Levant, and 
 have a son, James P., and a daughter, Anna L. 3. Winsor A., who married 
 Matilda Dellon, and died at Erie, Pa., where she resides. 4. John W., who 
 resides at Washington, D. C, where he is employed in government business. 
 He was married to Grace M. Hatch, who is deceased; he has a son. 5. 
 Williamson B., who started from New York, by water, for California in 1863, 
 and has not since been heard from. He had served in the late war \ was 
 taken prisoner while sick, exchanged, and brought to Jersey City hospital, 
 and discharged on account of disability. 
 
 Orsell Cook, son of Benjamin Cook, was born in Wells, Rutland Co. , 
 Vt., February 23, 1809. He came to Busti, Chautauqua Co., N. Y., in 
 1830. In 1833, he commenced the study of law with Hon. Richard P. 
 Marvin, in Jamestown ; and was subsequently admitted to practice. He 
 was appointed by Gov. Bouck, by the consent of the senate, surrogate of 
 
358 HISTORV OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 Chautauqua county, in which office he served three years from January, 1844. 
 He was elected county judge in 1862, which office he held from January r, 
 1863, to January i, 1867; and by reelection, for a second term of four years. 
 He continues the practice of law at Jamestown, associated with C. R. Lock- 
 wood. He was married, in 1839, to Ann M. Tew, by whom he had 3 chil- 
 dren : Mariett, wife of John T. Wilson ; Florence A., wife of Henry Price ; 
 and Celestia P., wife of Charles A. Breed — all residing in Jamestown. Judge 
 Cook married, for his second wife, in -1849, Eliza L. Reed, of Jamestown; 
 they have one child, Willie O. 
 
 Reuben E. Fenton, youngest son of George W. Fenton, was bom in 
 Carroll, Chautauqua Co., July 4, 1819. His primary education was received 
 in a pioneer school in his native town. At the age of about 15, he was 
 placed in Gary's academy, 6 miles north of Cincinnati, and, after a term of 
 two years, returned, and completed his educational course, in a term at the 
 Fredonia academy. He was about two years a student in the law-office of 
 the brothers Waite, in Jamestown. Ill health having compelled him to give 
 up his studies, he embarked in the lumber trade along the Allegany and 
 Ohio rivers, in which he was successful. From 1846 to 1852, inclusive — 
 seven years— he was elected supervisor of Carroll. In 1852 he was elected 
 to Congress. Two years later, he was defeated by Francis S. Edwards, the 
 candidate of the American party, generally known as the " Know-Nothing " 
 party. Mr. Fenton was a democrat when elected in 1852 ; but being 
 opposed to the Kansas-Nebraska bill, a leading measure of his party, he 
 voted against that bill, and thenceforth cooperated with the republican party. 
 In 1856, he was again elected to Congress, and reelected in 1858, i860, and 
 1862 — making an aggregate period of service of ten years. In 1864, he was 
 nominated for governor, his opponent being Horatio Seymour, then governor 
 of the state. He was elected; and was reelected in 1866. In 1869, he was 
 elected by the legislature of the state for the office of senator of the United 
 States, which office expired with the 3d of March, 1875. 
 
 William H. Fenton was bom in New Haven, Conn., March 7, 1796. 
 He was a son of Jacob Fenton, who, in 1800, removed with his family to 
 Burlington, Otsego, N. Y. ; in 1813, to Mayville, and in 1814 to Jamestown, 
 where he kept the first public house, and established a pottery. William H. 
 Fenton was married in April, 1816, to Hannah Tracy, who was bom Sept., 
 1798. He was for a time with Judge Foote in the mercantile business, in 
 Jamestown. He was a deputy sheriflF under Jonathan Sprague, and his suc- 
 cessor, sheriff Dewey. He also managed the pottery business for his father, 
 which he assumed after his father's death, which occurred in January, 1822. 
 He established the business at Fluvanna, where, in 1826, Samuel Whittemore 
 became a partner, and the business was continued by them for about 19 years. 
 Mr. Fenton returned to Jamestown in 1839, where he now resides. He was 
 commissioned by Gov. Clinton as ensign and lieutenant of the militia, and 
 as commissioner of deeds. In 1823, he was appointed a justice, which office 
 he held by reelections until 187 1 — about 48 years in the same town. He was 
 
Z^--!L^ 
 
mi 
 
 ,^/ ^71^ 
 
JAMESTOWN. 359 
 
 for about 15 years a coroner. Wm. H. and Hannah Fentonhad 14 children, 
 of whom 3 died in infancy. The others were : i. Caroline M., who married 
 Humphrey Sherman, who died in Iowa, and had 4 children. She resides in 
 San Francisco, Cal. 2. Erasmus D., who married, first, Amanda Akin, of 
 Kiantone, and had 3 children ; second, Harriet Coy, of Randolph. He 
 removed to Austin, Mower Co., Minn., where he was sheriff of the county. 
 3. Elias J., who married Mariett McNitt, of Wisconsin. They reside in 
 Iowa, and have 6 children. 4. Sabra, who died at 22. 5. Laura A., wife 
 of John Pickard. 6. Harriet, wife of John H. Harvey, in Iowa; has 5 chil- 
 dren. 7. Carlos, who married Sarah Dayton, in Wisconsin, and resides at 
 Austin, Minn.; has 5 children. 8. Mariett, wife of Charles L. Jeffords, 
 Jamestown ; has 5 children : Carrie S., Mary E., Jefferson, Gertrude, Kate. 
 9. Dana B., who married Mary E. Hunt, and lives in Kiantone, and has 4 
 children : Willie, Eddie, Lewy, Anna. 10. Emery W., who married Louisa 
 Myers ; lives in Jamestown, and has 2 children : Emily L. and Josephine G. 
 II. Emily H., twin sister of Emery W., and wife of James C. Smith, Austin, 
 Minn. ; has a son, William F. 
 
 Elial Todd Foote, the son of Deacon Samuel Foote and Sybil Doolittle 
 Foote, was bom in Greenfield, now Gill, Mass., May i, 1796. He removed 
 with his parents to Sherburne, N. Y., in 1798, and received his education in 
 the common school and Oxford academy, and under the private tuition of 
 Rev. W. M. Adams. He read medicine in Sherburne, and attended medical 
 lectures in the city of New York. He was licensed by the Chenango County 
 Medical Society, and subsequently received the honorary degree of M. D. 
 He came to Jamestown, then called The Rapids, seeking a place to settle in 
 the practice of his profession. The prospect there was not an encouraging 
 one. There were but few — perhaps eight or ten — dweUings there, nearly all 
 of them other than frame houses. The population on all sides was sparse 
 and poor; and the roads were extremely bad. There' was but one physician 
 in the county, south of the ridge — at Ma3rville — and none in Warren county, 
 Pa. He was subjected to great hardships and much exposure in storms, 
 and became asthmatic, being compelled to decline rides in storms and nights'; 
 and turned his attention to business of a public nature. 
 
 In 18 17, he was appointed assistant justice of the court, and first sat on 
 the bench at the June term. In 1818, the office of assistant justice was 
 abolished ; and the courts were to be held by judges ; and he was appointed 
 associate judge under Judge Gushing. Under the constitution of 1821, he 
 was appointed by the governor and senate first judge, in which office he was 
 continued by reappointments every five years, until he had served twenty 
 years, when he declined another appointment. From the published pro- 
 ceedings of the court, bar and grand jury on his declension and that of his 
 worthy associate. Judge Campbell, [see Supplement to this work ;] and from 
 the remarks of contemporary members of the court and bar, we are war- 
 ranted in saying, that for dispatch of business, impartiality, firmness on moral 
 questions, and clear discernment in matters in general before the court, he 
 
360 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 occupied a high position ; and that during his long services on the bench, he 
 was respected by his associates, members of the bar, and others connected 
 with the court. 
 
 In 1819, he was elected, with Oliver Forward, of Buffalo, a member of 
 assembly, from the district comprising the counties of Chautauqua, Cattarau- 
 gus and Niagara, Erie being then a part of Niagara. In 1826, he represent- 
 'ed, singly, this county in the assembly; and, in 1827, again, with Samuel A. 
 Brown. 
 
 Soon after 1820, Judge Foote conceived the idea of collecting materials 
 for the early history of the county and its pioneer settlements and settlers. 
 His position on the bench brought him in contact with the early settlers from 
 every part of the county; and much of the information collected was written 
 in pocket memorandum books. Some of it was published in the county 
 papers, and preserved in scrap books. He collected about one hundred 
 volumes of early newspapers, few of which can be duplicated. He visited 
 the Holland Land Company's offices ; and he searched the public records at 
 Albany, New York, and Washington. Thus, thousands of dollars and much 
 time were expended, without the least probability of pecuniary reward. The 
 author has had the free use of this large historic collection. Judge Foote 
 has willed this collection to the county, if a fire proof apartment shall be 
 furnished for its preservation. 
 
 In 1822, he purchased Peacock's "reserved land," now constituting a 
 large portion of the village of Jamestown. This tract, with its valuable 
 water power, was speedily improved, and the growth of the village greatly 
 promoted. 
 
 In 1859, having become convinced that the prevalent mode of spelling 
 the name of the county with a terminating e was erroneous, he, with others, 
 petitioned the board of supervisors to change the spelling by ending the 
 name with a. The supervisors sanctioned the proposition. By correspond- 
 ence with geographers, map publishers, and public officers, his views were 
 fully confirmed. 
 
 He was appointed a director of the United States branch bank at Buffalo, 
 when established, which office he resigned when elected president of the 
 Chautauqua County Bank. 
 
 Judge Foote took an active part in public improvements, and aided them 
 liberally. He was an early supporter of the temperance and antislavery 
 causes. He made a public profession of his faith in Christ, in 1826, and 
 united with the Congregational church, and gave it liberal aid. On the or- 
 ganization of the Presbyterian church, he united with that society, and con- 
 tributed liberally toward the erection of their meeting-house. Other religious 
 societies of Jamestown received his aid. The lands on which three of them 
 stand, were donations from him. He was president of the county Bible 
 society about ten years ; and president of the first county total abstinence 
 temperance society, of which he and Judge Hazeltine are said to be the only 
 surviving members. And it appears from the records, that he constituted 
 % 
 
-Cr 
 
 -^^7i^7 
 
JAMESTOWN. 361 
 
 himself a life member of several national benevolent and religious societies, 
 some of which were not of his denomination. The county almshouse has 
 shared in his fostering care. He gratuitously furnished the board of super- 
 visors their early history, their record having been lost. 
 
 This sketch has been written under unfavorable circumstances. On appli- 
 cation to its venerable subject for assistance, he declined taking any part in 
 the preparation of a history of his own life. The material was indeed ample, 
 but it lay scattered through voluminous records. The constant pressure of 
 labor on the writer's hands induced the postponement of the task, from time 
 to time, to the last moment at which this hastily written sketch could find 
 its proper place in this history. 
 
 Elial T. Foote was married, in Jamestown, in December, 181 7, to Anna, 
 daughter of Ebenezer Cheney, by whom he had five children : Samuel Eras- 
 tus, JMary Ann, Charles Cheney, James Hall, and Horace Allen. j\lrs. Anna 
 Foote died in Jamestown, July 7, 1840, as is said, "in the triumph of faith," 
 aged 40 years, a prominent member of the Methodist Episcopal church. In 
 1841, he married for his second wife, Amelia Stiles Leavitt Jenkins, daughter 
 of Hon. Jonathan Leavitt, of Greenfield, Mass., grand-daughter of President 
 Stiles, of Yale College, and widow of Rev. Charles Jenkins, of Portland, 
 Maine, who had two children by her first husband : Amelia Leavitt, who 
 subsequently married Dr. Charles Cheney Foote ; and Jonathan Leavitt Jen- 
 kins, now pastor of the Congregational church of Amherst, Mass. His 
 second wife, Amelia L. Foote, died in New Haven, Conn., in full confidence 
 in Christ as her Saviour, Nov. 26, 1867, aged 68. He was married to his 
 third wife, Mrs. Emily W. Stockbridge, a native of Whately, Mass., and 
 widow of S. W. Allis, Esq., June 30, 1869. She had three children, who died 
 from 18 to 23 years of age, before her last marriage. Judge Foote still 
 resides in New Haven, Conn. 
 
 Charles Cheney Foote, second son of Hon. E. T. Foote, was born in 
 Jamestown, Sept. 5, 1825. His studies preparatory to his college course, 
 were pursued in Jamestown academy and Williston seminary, Massachu- 
 setts. He was graduated in arts at Union College, N. Y., and in medicine 
 at Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia. He commenced practice in the 
 city of New Haven. He devoted his entire attention to the business of his 
 profession, and soon acquired an extensive practice, and became one of the 
 most popular physicians in New Haven. He was married at New Haven, 
 April 22, 1852, by Rev. Leonard Bacon, to Amelia L. Jenkins, daughter of 
 Rev. Charles Jenkins, of Portland, Maine. He had 6 children : Anna Eliza, 
 who died at 9 ; Amelia Leavitt ; Mary Louisa, died in infancy ; Sarah Wells ; 
 Charles Jenkins ; Horace Knevals, who died at 4. Dr. Foote died suddenly 
 at his residence in New Haven, Conn., November 9, 187 1, aged 46 years. 
 His widow and the three surviving children reside at the homestead, in New 
 Haven. 
 
 Adolphus Fletcher was born in Croydon, N. H., Sept. 3, 1796. His 
 parents were from Worcester Co., Mass., whither they returned after a short 
 
362 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 sojourn in the granite state. The boyhood of Adolphus was passed on his 
 father's farm. He served an apprenticeship at printing in the office of the 
 Massachusetts Spy, established by Isaiah Thomas prior to the American Rev- 
 olution. Soon after he had become of age, he married Sarah Stow, of Wor- 
 cester. In 1818, he accompanied his father's family to AshvUle, where an 
 elder brother and a sister had settled, who had purchased of Reuben Slayton, 
 the first occupant, the site of the present village of Ashville. During his 
 residence at Ashville, Mr. Fletcher was engaged at farming, keeping tavern, 
 and, for a time, in connection with Dr. Fenn Deming, of Westfield, a store. 
 At the solicitation of friends at Jamestown, he removed thither in 1824, and 
 established the Jamestown Journal, which he published about 20 years, and 
 sold out to his son. He subsequently became proprietor of the Northern 
 Citizen, a paper which grew out of the free-soil movement in 1848. He 
 afterwards transferred the press and materials to the gentlemen who started 
 the Chautauqua Democrat, and became interested in its publication, but took 
 no part in its editorial management After the death of his first wife, he 
 married Caroline E. Brooks, of Westminster, Mass. He assisted in the for- 
 mation of the Congregational church at Ashville, and, on his removal to 
 Jamestown, transferred his church relations to the Congregational church 
 there. 
 
 Gen. Thomas W. Harvey was an early settler in Jamestown, and for 
 many years one of its most active citizens. He was noted for his inventive 
 genius. He was bom in Wardsborough, Vt, July 22, 1795. At the age of 
 about 12 years, his father died. At 14, he became an apprentice at the 
 blacksmith trade ; and, after two or three years, he commenced the trade of 
 a machinist, and assisted in building machinery for cotton mills in Brattlebor- 
 ough, Vt., and in Lexington, Ky. In 1816, after his marriage, he removed 
 to Jamestown, to superintend the building of the machinery for a cotton 
 factory there, which, however, was not built. He subsequently removed to 
 Searsburg, [now in Kiantone,] and returned to Jamestown about 181 9. His 
 shop was on the rear end of the lot lying on the comer of Main and Third 
 streets. In 1820, he built his house on the corner of Pine and Third streets. 
 Early this year, he was joined by his brother, Charles R. ; and they built a 
 shop on the west end of the same lot, and worked together three or four 
 years. Thomas then started the machine business in a room in Daniel 
 Hazeltine's woolen factory, building a carding machine for Blanchar & 
 Willard, and woolen machinery for Hazeltine. In June, 1828, he resumed 
 blacksmithing in the old shop ; Charles having built a new shop on or near 
 the corner of Spring and Second streets. In 1832, he again turned his at- 
 tention to machinery. Chautauqua county never had a citizen more fruitful 
 of invention. Among the numerous inventions were, a machine for making 
 steam engine boiler rivets ; one for heading wood screws ; a rotary cam tog- 
 gle joint press ; a loom for weaving hog's bristles and cloth for stocks ; a 
 machine for pressing bricks and hay ; machines for making railroad spikes, 
 and sawing down trees. It is said he was the first to make pins with solid 
 
^,--^^^^ eyT&'e^uuy^ 
 
JAMESTOWN. 363 
 
 heads, though others have since made improvements in making heads. About 
 1850, he made improvements in the manufacture of cast-steel, and formed a 
 company, and put up works ; but the enterprise was arrested by financial 
 difficulties. His machines were constructed in several different places : in 
 New York, Poughkeepsie, Motthaven, N. Y., and Salisbury, Conn. 
 
 Gen. Thomas W. Harvey was married to Melinda Hayward, of Dover, 
 Vt., sister of Mrs. Solomon Jones, of Jamestown, and Mrs. Samuel Gar- 
 field, of Busti. He was married three times : the names of his second and 
 third wives, not found. His children were : Sarah Artemesia, wife of Rev. 
 Amos P. Hawley, a Presbyterian clergyman ; Rufus Vespasian ; Hajrward 
 Augustus ; Olive Melinda ; and Mary Charlotte. His third wife was the 
 widow of Alpheus Hawley, Sr., and was killed in the memorable railroad 
 disaster at Norwalk, Conn., many years ago. 
 
 Charles R. Harvey, brother of Thomas W., came to Jamestown in 
 March, 1820, and brought his family in February, 1821. He was a black- 
 smith, and worked at his trade for several years. [See sketch of T. W. 
 Harvey.] In 1831, he bought the store of Alvin Plumb & Co., and went 
 into the mercantile business with J. J. Leonard. His subsequent career was 
 not very unlike that of his brother, though his inventions and patents were 
 not numerous. In 1836, he engaged in making railroad spikes at Pough- 
 keepsie, and got up and patented a machine to scour and clean rice; and 
 the next year a power loom to weave hair cloth. He afterwards superintend- 
 ed a wood-screw manufactory at Summerville, N. J. He also got up and 
 patented a hot-air furnace, and one for a hot-air register border. He resided 
 about this time in New York, and in February, 1871, he was still in the fur- 
 nace business. He was bom January 19, 1799. His first wife was Olive 
 Willard, who died in 1829; his second, Rebecca Hayward, who died in 1857. 
 He had 12 children, of whom, in 1871, only 5 were living. 
 
 Alpheus Hawley, bom in Farmington, Conn., about 1786, removed to 
 the vicinity of Sandy Hill, N. Y., and married Kezia, daughter of Col. John 
 M. Berry. He removed to Warren, Pa., and thence to Jamestown, where 
 he was for many years engaged in mercantile and lumbering business. He 
 was senior partner of Hawley & Dean, and of A. Hawley & Son, [John B.] 
 He resided on the comer of Main and Fifth streets, subsequently the resi- 
 dence of Adolphus Fletcher. He also owned the store and lot, south-west 
 comer of Main and Third streets, afterwards owned by his son, Fenn Haw- 
 ley, and since by Col. William Hall. He was at one time estimated to be 
 quite wealthy. He was one of the purchasers, firom the state, of the lands 
 south of the Allegany river in Cattaraugus county, with Benj. Chamberlain, 
 James Hall, and others, which had been given by the Holland Land Com- 
 pany towards the construction of the Erie canal. Col. Hawley died in James- 
 town, May 5, 1844, aged 58 years. He had sons : Rev. Amos P.; John B. ; 
 Alpheus Fenn, once sheriff of the county ; and Alexander ; and a daughter, 
 the wife of Rev. Hiram Eddy. She died young, leaving one or two children. 
 Amos P. was married to Artemesia, daughter of Thomas W. Harvey ; John 
 
364 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 B., to a daughter of Wm. Breed ; Alpheus F., to a daughter of Adolphus 
 Fletcher. Col. Hawley's widow married Gen. Thomas W. Harvey, and was 
 mortally wounded at the tragical accident and railroad disaster at Norwalk, 
 Connecticut. 
 
 Abner Hazeltine, son of Daniel and Susanna (Jones) Hazeltine, was 
 born in Wardsborough, Vt., [now Dover,] June 10, 1793; graduated at 
 Williams College in 1815 ; came to Jamestown Nov. 2d, of the same year, 
 and engaged for a time in teaching. In July, 181 6, he commenced the study 
 of law with Jacob Houghton, Esq., at Mayville, and spent a portion of his 
 time in the office of Samuel A. Brown, Esq., in Jamestown. In August, 
 18 19, he was admitted as an attorney in the supreme court of this state, and 
 in November, in the common pleas of Chautauqua county. In Nov., 18 19, 
 he opened an office in Warren, Pa., and in March, 1820, was admitted as 
 attorney in the court of common pleas of Warren Co., Pa. In 1823, he 
 removed to Jamestown, and opened an office in the front part of the build- 
 ing occupied by Joseph Waite, Esq., and afterwards by Dr. Rhodes. After 
 several removals, he removed, in 1845, to his present office, on the north 
 side of Third street, near Main. In 1828, and again in 1829, he was elected to 
 the assembly of this state. In 1832, he was elected a member of Congress, 
 and reelected in 1834. In June, 1847, he was elected district attorney of 
 Chautauqua county. From 1833, he practiced, successively, with Judge 
 Abner Lewis and Patrick Falconer, both having been students in his office ; 
 and from 1841, five years with Emory F. Warren. In 1855, he went into 
 partnership with Charles G. Clark, with whom he was connected several 
 years. He has continued in the regular practice of his profession to the 
 present time. He married Polly Kidder, a native of Wardsborough, Sept. 
 21, 1819, who was born April i, 1798, and who died Oct. 14, 1832. He 
 married, second, July 21, 1834, Matilda Hayward, who was bom in Pomfret, 
 Conn., July 22, 1799. His children are : i. Charles G., who is a teacher, 
 and resides at Morristown, N. J. 2. Harriet Newell, who resides with her 
 father at Jamestown. 3. Lydia Kidder, died in infancy. 4. Henry Martyn, 
 who is a Presbyterian minister, and resides at North Salem, Westchester Co., 
 N. Y. 5. Abner, who is a lawyer, in Jamestown. 6. Lewis Hayward, who 
 is a physician, at present in Jamestown. 7. Mary Matilda, wife of De 
 Forest Weld, merchant, Jamestown. 
 
 Daniel Hazeltine, third son of Daniel and Susanna (Jones) Hazeltine, 
 was bom at Wardsborough, Vt., March 9, 1795. He received a fair English 
 education in the common schools of his native town. At the age of 17, he 
 became an apprentice to the manufacture of woolen goods. In the spring 
 of 181 6, he came to Jamestown, and started a small establishment for dyeing 
 and dressing home manufactured woolen cloths. [For a detailed account of 
 his industrial labors, see p. 346.] During a large portion of his business life, 
 Mr. Hazeltine was alone, and in the whole of it, was the responsible head of 
 the establishment. For a time, Robert Falconer was associated with him, 
 but took little share in the management. Afterwards, Taber Wood, now of 
 
Sketcli p 364 
 
<(JO-'t-6^-0'H^yy,^un'rx4. 
 
JAMESTOWN. 365 
 
 Elyria, Ohio, was a partner for a time ; and after his retirement, his oldest 
 son, Wm. B. Hazeltine, was a partner for a short period. In January, 1865, 
 Mr. Hazeltine sold to his sons, and discontinued business. His sons, not long 
 afterwards, transferred the establishment, which has since been operated by 
 the well known firm of Allen, Preston & Co. So long as the business was 
 managed by Mr. Hazeltine, he made constant additions to it, introducing 
 new improvements, and keeping fully abreast of progress in his department. 
 His reputation as a man of business and a manufacturer, stood high. His 
 mark attached to his goods, was considered a full guarantee that they were 
 properly manufactured from good materials, and had the prime quality of 
 durability. Mr. Hazeltine was also known as a man of strict integrity, and 
 a public spirited citizen. In early life, he became a professing Christian, 
 and connected himself with the first religious denomination in Jamestown, 
 and continued in that communion until his death, August 3, 1867. In 1818, 
 he married Mehetabel Bemus, youngest daughter of William and Mary 
 (Prendergast) Bemus, who were among the earliest settlers of the county. 
 They had five children, two sons and three daughters. Two of the daugh- 
 ters died young. The others are : William B., who married, first, Cornelia 
 Stowe ; second, Mrs. Phebe (Strong) Judd, and resides in Jamestown ; 
 George, who married Adeline Hastings, has a numerous family, and resides 
 at North Warren, Pa. ; and Susanna, who married William Post, of James- 
 town, and is deceased, leaving a son, Dahiel H. Post, a recent graduate of 
 Williams College, and a journalist. 
 
 CoRYDON Hitchcock, son of Oliver Hitchcock, an early settler in the 
 town of Chautauqua, was bom Sept. 16, 1823. After a residence in the 
 towns of Chautauqua, Ripley, and EUicott, he removed in 1873 to the village 
 of Jamestown, where he now resides. He was married to Mariett Trow- 
 bridge. They have two sons, James Frank and Henry C. Prior to his re- 
 moval to Jamestown, his business was farming ; and he was for four years 
 president of the Chautauqua County Agricultural Society. In 1874, he was 
 elected sheriff of Chautauqua county, which office he now holds. 
 
 Solomon Jones, son of Abraham Jones, was bom in Milford, Mass., Aug. 
 7, 1775. He was of Welsh descent; his grandfather having emigrated from 
 Wales about 1690, and settled in Nantucket, Mass. He removed with his 
 father's family to Vermont in 1785. In April, 1810, he set out for the West, 
 and came to Cazenovia on horseback, and thence to Chautauqua county on 
 foot, and purchased land on Stillwater creek in Kiantone, and returned. In 
 October, 1810, he left Vermont with his family and effects, having one four- 
 horse team and a two-horse team ; and was accompanied by Ebenezer and 
 Benjamin Jones. In i8r6, he moved to the outlet farm, and in 1820, to 
 Jamestown. Mr. Jones was married at Wardsborough, Vt, Nov. 8, 1798, to 
 Clarissa Hayward, who was bom in Upton, Mass., Nov. 28, 1781. He 
 died at Jamestown, Aug. 2, 1862 ; Mrs. Jones, Nov. 28, 1867. They had 14 
 children, 7 sons and 7 daughters : i. Ellick, [see sketch below.] 2. Laura, 
 who married Wm. Knight, and removed to Panama, where he died. She 
 
366 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 resides in Jamestown. 3. Clara, wife of Wm. Breed, Jamestov\Ti. 4. Julia, 
 wife of William Hall, a proprietor of the alpaca works in Jamestown. 
 5. Olive, wife of John C. Breed, Jamestown. 6. Abram, who married Re- 
 becca Fenton, daughter of Jacob Fenton, and resides in Jamestown. 7. 
 Rufus, who married Emily J. Tew, sister of Wm. H. Tew, and is a hard- 
 ware merchant, Jamestown. 8. Selina, wife of John S. Yates, deceased ; 
 she resides in Jamestown. 9. Louisa, who married Rev. James E. Chapin ; 
 resides in Westfield. 10. Whitney, who married Louisa Stimpson, and re- 
 sides in Lansing, Mich. 11. Ezra, who married Marcia Peet, and resides in 
 Lansing, Mich. 12. Solomon, who married Elizabeth'T. Cowing, deceased ; 
 he lives in Jamestown. 13. Mary, who died in infancy. 14. Sidney, who 
 married Anna S. Dickey, and is a merchant in Jamestown. He was county 
 clerk in 1861, '62, '63. All attained to mature age, and were married, ex- 
 cept one ; and aU but two are still living. 
 
 Ellick Jones, son of Solomon Jones, was bom at Dover, Vt., May i, 
 1800. In 1810, he removed with his parents to Chautauqua county, who 
 settled in the Stillwater valley, in Kiantone. As roads can hardly be said 
 to have had an existence in southern Chautauqua, the family and goods came 
 down the lake from Mayville in a boat. A mere boy as he was, he drove a 
 team over the land route, and came saf^y through. This and other expe- 
 riences of a like nature were the schools in which he was trained. As might 
 be expected, he grew up an energetic man, well fitted for pioneer life, and to 
 battle with its hardships. Early in life he marrieS Louisa Walkup, by whom 
 he had five children, and after her decease, Harriet De Jean. His first set- 
 tlement was on the Chautauqua outlet, just above Jamestown, where he was 
 engaged in farming and lumbering. After a few years he removed to James- 
 town, and rented a hotel on Second street, which he kept several years. 
 Afterwards he had a grocery store, and was one of the first who kept a 
 regular meat market in Jamestown. When quite a young man, he was a 
 captain in the militia, and was a natural leader in all enterprises. He died 
 in December, 1866. 
 
 Royal Keyes, born at New Fane, Vt., April 23, 1795, came to Elli- 
 cott in March, 1816, with his chest of tools, which were brought in by Elisha 
 Allen. He worked at his trade — that of carpenter and joiner — during that 
 season, with Horatio Dix, and in the ensuing winter returned to Vermont. 
 He came back with his wife and Samuel Barrett and his wife, in a double 
 sleigh, in February, 18 18. Being an ingenious mechanic, and mechanics of 
 different trades being scarce, he worked at the millwright business, at plas- 
 tering rooms, cabinet-making, etc. He had 6 daughters— no sons. Mary, 
 wife of Rev. N. M. Miles, a PresbyteriajB clergyman, of Illinois ; Melissa, 
 wife of Lysander Farrjur, attorney at law, Rochester ; Elsie, who married 
 Charles Kennedy, saddler and harness maker, Jamestown ; Lydia, who mar- 
 ried a Mr. F**bes, merchant, of Jamestown, who, after her death, married 
 
 her sister Sarah ; and another, who married Blanchar. Mr. Keyes was 
 
 a major in the i62d regiment of the New York militia. He died July i. 
 
^■-?w 
 
/Z^^Ao^^A ^^ "^^ 
 
 o?-^z_^- 
 
JAMESTOWN. 367 
 
 1852, aged 57 years. His brothers were: Willard, at Quincy, IlL; Luke, 
 who served as an apprentice to Royal, as carpenter, and after following his 
 trade for several years, removed to the West; Eber, who married Lydia 
 Kidder, sister of Royal's wife, and daughter of Nathaniel Kidder, Vermont. 
 She died several years after their removal to Jamestown, leaving an infant 
 son. Mr. K. married for his second wife, Juliet Gray, daughter of Elijah 
 Gray, born in Sherburne, N. Y. He removed to a farm in Busti, where he 
 was elected a deacon of the Congregational church. He subsequently 
 removed to Illinois. 
 
 Luther Lakin, a son of Robinson Lakin, of English origin, was bom at 
 Pepperell, Mass., December 26, 1783. He married Theodosia A. Lawrence 
 in 1825, and removed firom Cayuga Co., N. Y., to Portland, now Barcelona, 
 in the spring of 1826. He there engaged in the forwarding business, and 
 removed the next season to the village of Westfield, and pursued the mer- 
 cantile business. In 1828, he removed to Ashville, and remained there 
 about 4 years. In 1832, he removed to the state of Vermont, and in 1834 
 returned to Ashville. He died in Sherman, July 15, 1864. He had 2 chil 
 dren, Henry O. and Edward L. Henry O. was born at Barcelona in 1826. 
 He has long resided in Jamestown, in the practice of the law, and has held 
 the office of county judge. Edward L. was born at Ashville in 1832, and is 
 a druggist in Jamestown. The widow of Luther Lakin died at Jamestown, 
 December 8, 1869. 
 
 Henry Martin, a native of Vermont, removed from Cortland Co., Jan., » 
 1812, to Griffith settlement in Ellery; and in 1820 to Fluvaniia, and kept a 
 public house three years, and settled on a farm near that place. In 1834, he 
 returned to Ellery, where his wife died ; and in 1856 he removed to James- 
 town, and subsequently to Levant, and after a few years again to Jamestown, 
 where he now resides. He married, first, Anna Fenton, and had several 
 children ; second, Mrs. Phebe Chandler, widow of Woodley W. Chandler, 
 with whom he now resides in Jamestown. 
 
 Richard Pratt Marvin was born in Fairfield, Herkimer Co., N. Y., Dec. 
 23, 1803. His father, Selden Marvin, was born in Lyme, Conn., in 1773. 
 The family came from England in 1635, and settled in Hartford, Conn. 
 The mother of Richard P. was Charlotte Pratt, who was born in Saybrook, 
 Conn. Selden Marvin, with his family, moved in 1809 to Dryden, Tomp- 
 kins Co., where Richard was reared, working on the farm and attending the 
 district school, until he was about 19. On leaving the farm, he pursued his 
 studies in public schools and under private tutors, supporting himself in part 
 by teaching. In 1826, he commenced the study of law with George W. 
 Scott in Newark, Wayne Co. He continued the tt^il&f^lSlih Mark H. Sibley, 
 of Canandaigua, and Isaac ^eeley, of Cherry Valley. In 1829, he was ad- 
 mitted an attorney of the supreme court and a solicitor Lu the court of chan- 
 cery. In June of that year, he settled in Jamestown, where he still resides. 
 In 1836, he was a member of assembly from this county, and took an active 
 part in securing the aid of the state in behalf of the New York & Erie 
 
368 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 railroad. In 1836, he was elected to Congress, and reelected in 1838. He 
 was a delegate in the constitutional convention of 1846, and in November was 
 elected judge of the 8th judicial district, which office he held, by reelection, 
 continuously 241^ years. In 1824, when the project was conceived of a 
 channel of communication with New York through the " southern tier " or 
 " secluded " counties, Mr. Marvin took an active part in measures for the 
 promotion of the object, which was to be accomplished by means of a rail- 
 road from some point on the Hudson, near New York, through the southern 
 counties to Lake Erie in Chautauqua county. At a meeting of citizens in 
 Jamestown, he was appointed, with Judge Foote and Silas Tiffany, an execu- 
 tive committee on this subject. The hope then entertained in those counties 
 was " long deferred ;" the contemplated work not having been carried to its 
 completion until 1851. [See History of Railroads, p. 150.] 
 
 In September, 1834, Mr. Marvin married Isabella, a daughter of David 
 Newland, of Albany, and sister of Robert Newland, formerly cashier of the 
 Chautauqua County Bank ; now president of the Chautauqua County Na- 
 tional Bank, at Jamestown. His children were : i. Selden E., adjutant of the 
 II 2th regiment in the late war; subsequently paymaster at Washington; 
 and, since the war, paymaster-general on Gov. Fenton's staff; and afterwards 
 adjutant-general of the state, appointed by Gov. Fen toft. Gen. Marvin was 
 married to Kate Parker, daughter of Judge Amasa J. Parker, of Albany, 
 where he now resides. 2. Sarah Jane, now Mrs. Erie L. Hall, of James- 
 town. 3. ZJaz/iViV;, cashier of the Chautauqua Co. National Bank. i,. Mary 
 Elizabeth, now Mrs. B. F. Goodrich, of Akron, O. 5. William R., who 
 died in 1863, of disease contracted in the army of the Potomac. 6. Robert 
 N., now in the lumber business, residing in Jamestown. 7. Richard P., 
 practicing law at Akron, O. 8. Isabelle. Mrs. Marvin died in February, 
 1872, aged 60, universally beloved by all who knew her. In the fall of 1872, 
 Judge Marvin, with his youngest daughter, visited Europe, returning in the 
 fall of 1873 to his residence in Jamestown. 
 
 RuFUS Pier was bom in the town and county of Otsego, N. Y., April 13, 
 1 78-. His grandfather was Thomas Pier, who had 6 sons: John, David, 
 Levi, Abner, Solomon, and Silas. Rufus, son of John, was but 6 years old 
 when his father died. He learned the blacksmith's trade in Litchfield, N. Y., 
 and came to Jamestown, March 6, 1.8 16. He was appointed justice of the 
 peace by the supervisors and county judges, (the mode of appointment then 
 existing,) and was continued in that office, by subsequent elections, until he 
 had served 14 years. He was married at Jamestown, Nov. 29, 18 18, to 
 Katharine Blanchar, who was bom, Aug. 13, 1797. They had 8 children: 
 I. Rufus W., who mtd^tacci July 30, 1820 ; was married in Milwaukee, Wis., 
 to Martha G. Bailey, Sept. 11, 1845, and returped to Jamestown, where he 
 lived, (with the exception of three years in Westfield,) until the fall of 1866. 
 In that year he removed to Pittsburgh, Pa., where he now resides. He had 
 4 children : William S., Caroline B., Charles M., and Clarence, who died in 
 infancy, 2. Katharine, who was bom Jan. 12, 1823, and married Dexter E. 
 
-^ ,i/"^i c 
 
JAMESTOWN. 369 
 
 Hoskins, Oct. 4, 1849. ^ son, Frank, resides in Fond du Lac, Wis. Mr. 
 Hoskins died Sept. 27, 1865. 3. Albert G., bom April 15, 1825, married Har- 
 riet Wetmore at Whitestown, N. Y., and removed to Nevada City, Cal., where 
 Mrs. P. died in i860. He was again married, in Brooklyn, N. Y., in 1862, 
 to Mrs. Anna Cummings, and returned to Cal., and had 3 children : Willie, 
 Everett, and Freddie. 4. Caroline, born Dec. 25, 1827, married Francis P. 
 Bailey, Oct. 12, 1847, and had 2 children: Everett H., and Caty, who died 
 in infancy. Mrs. Bailey died July 14, 1859. 5. Lorette, bom April 28, 1^31, 
 died in infancy. 6. Richard, born Dec. 8, 1833. 7. Charlotte, born March 
 8, 1836, married George R. Swetting Oct. 7, 1857, and removed to Wis., 
 where Mr. S. died May 30, 1866. They have a son, Frederic P. 8. Harriet 
 H., born April 9, 1840; died in Wis., Oct. 31, 1863. Rufus Pier died at 
 Jamestown, Dec. 24, 1862. Katharine, his wife, died there Feb. 23, 1859. 
 
 James Prendergast, third son of William, Sr., was bom in Pawling, 
 N. Y., March 9, 1764, and was married in Pittstown, in 1807, to Agnes 
 Thompson, who was bom in Galloway, Scotland, Sept. 18, 1771. Mr. P. 
 was one of the family who left Pittstown in 1805, and made a journey to 
 Tennessee with a view to a settlement in that state, and who returned to this 
 state, and settled in this county. The narrative of this tedious journey and 
 the history of Jamestown, of which he was the founder, and from whom it 
 was named, which will be found elsewhere in this work, presents some of the 
 most interesting and important incidents in his active and useful life, and 
 need not be repeated. He was 41 years of age, and yet unmaiiied, when 
 the family set out on their long journey. After spending the summer and 
 fall of 1806 in Chautauqua, he returned to Pittstown, and was married, as 
 above stated. In 1809, while on a visit to Chautauqua, he purchased the 
 Jamestown property; and in August, 18 10, he came with his family from the 
 East to settle upon it ; and moved into his log house at the Rapids the next 
 spring. He was elected in 18 13, the first supervisor of Ellicott, which had 
 been formed in 1812; and he was reelected in 1814 and 1815. In 1.814, he 
 was commissioned a judge of the court of common pleas, the duties of which 
 were discharged with intelligence and integrity. In 181 7, a mail route to 
 Meadville, through Jamesto\^^l, having been established the year previous, he 
 was appointed postmaster, and held the office until he resigned, in 1824. In 
 1836, he sold his real estate in Jamestown, and in 1837 removed to Ripley. 
 In 1841, he settled on his extensive domain in Carroll, now Kiantone. In 
 his habits he was temperate ; in his dealings, just ; to the poor, lenient and 
 charitable. Rarely, if ever, was the worthy laboring man visiting his mill 
 without money turned away empty. Though attached more strongly to the 
 Episcopal order, other religious societies received his cordial patronage. 
 Judge Prendergast is described as a very large man, of fine personal appear- 
 ance, courtly and dignified in his manner, and an accomplished gentleman. 
 He died at his residence in Kiantone, Nov. 15, 1846, in his 83d year. His 
 wife died in Ripley, Jan. 9, 1839, in her 68th year. They had a son, .Alex- 
 ander T., who inherited the large estate of his father, and resides on the 
 24 
 
370 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 property in Kiantoae. He was born Feb. 3, 1809, and was married April 6, 
 1847, to Mary Norton, who was born at Westfield, Jan. 21, 182 1. They had 
 two children : James, who was born June 18, 1848 ; is a lawyer, and resides 
 in Jamestown; and Catherine Merritt, born April 2, 1854, and died at Mar- 
 quette, Michigan, Aug. 2, 1864. 
 
 Fitch Shepard, son of Noah Shepard, was born April 5, 1802. His 
 father was a descendant of Rev. William Shepard, a divine of Massachusetts, 
 in early colonial times. His mother, Irene Fitch, was a descendant of 
 Thomas Fitch, the colonial governor of Connecticut. He was married to 
 Delia Maria Dennis, whose ancestor, Robert Dennis, emigrated from Eng- 
 land in 1635. Her father Paul represented Washington county in the legis- 
 lature. While at Jamestown, Mr. Shepard was cashier of the Chautauqua 
 County Bank. He removed to New York, where he established the National 
 Bank Note Company, now one of the largest industrial institutions of the 
 country, having advanced the art of steel-plate engraving and printing to a 
 point where it defies counterfeiting and alteration. At the world's exposition 
 in Vienna, this company took the palm from the rest of the world. Mr. 
 Shepard has recently retired from the presidency of the company, and from 
 active business. Fitch Shepard had 3 sons : i. Burriti Hamilton, born 
 April 18, 1829. He entered the University of the City of New York, .when 
 Theodore Frelinghuysen was chancellor, and Tayler Lewis and Loomis were 
 among its professors. He stood high in his class, and was particularly noted 
 as a debat«. After he had entered the senior class, he started on a voyage 
 around the world; but on the homeward passage from China, he lost his life in 
 the sea, Dec. 7, 1848. He was intended for the ministry, and is remembered 
 as a young man of great promise. 2. Elliott Fitch, born in Jamestown, July 
 25, 1833, is an active lawyer in New York city. He had not visited James- 
 town from infancy, till he came as a colonel to inspect, uniform, and equip 
 the Chautauqua regiment of volunteers, in 1862, when a large number of the 
 leading citizens assembled to welcome him to his birthplace. The " Shep- 
 ard Rifles,'' 51st regt. N. Y. volunteers, were named for him. He organized 
 and sent to the field, from this state, 47,000 troops, having been twice ap- 
 pointed to the command of Western New York, under proclamations of 
 ' President Lincoln, with headquarters at Elmira. After the war, he married 
 Margaret Louisa, daughter of William H. Vanderbilt, son of the celebrated 
 Commodore, and has by her several children. He is the author of the recent 
 arbitration act, by which mercantile disputes in the port of New York may 
 be speedily settled by a tribunal connected with the Chamber of Commerce. 
 This act is regarded as a great reformation in the law, avoiding the delays 
 and expenses attending litigation. 3. Augustus Dennis, who was bom Jan. 
 25, 1836, and married Joanna E., daughter of Larkin G. Mead, and sister of 
 the Vermdnt sculptor, of the same name, whose works are visible in the 
 capitol, on the Lincoln monument at Springfield, 111., and in various other 
 cities. He has been associated with his father in business in New York city. 
 
 William Tew was born in Nantucket, Mass., September 17, 1769. He 
 
(A^^fitr ^5fc-<j«4- 
 
JAMESTOWN. 371 
 
 lived, when a young man, in Rhode Island, where he married Priscilla Fish, 
 a Quakeress, in 1797. He removed to Otsego Co., N. Y., in 1810, and 
 thence to this county, in 1832, and died in Jamestown, April 26, 1847. His 
 father and his two eldest brothers died prisoners on the "old prison ship" in 
 New York harbor during the Revolutionary war. His ancestors came from 
 England. William and Priscilla Tew had nine children, four sons and five 
 daughters, all of whom lived to be married. The sons are all still living. 
 Samuel F. Tew resides in Kansas City, Missouri, aged 77. J. E. Tew lives in 
 Delanti, Chautauqua Co., aged ^. George W. Tew resides at Silver Creek -. 
 was county clerk of Chautauqua six years, from Jan. i, 1834; and has been 
 for many years president of the Bank of Silver Creek, to the present time — 
 age, 71. William H. Tew resides in Jamestown, and is president of the City 
 National Bank of Jamestown. 
 
 John I. Willson was born at Pleasant Valley, Dutchess Co., N. Y., in 
 1 78 1, and was married to Mary Elliott, in the city of New York, in 1807. 
 His ancestors were from Ireland; Mrs. Willson's were Scotch. Inclined to 
 a sea-faring life, he engaged on board a vessel sailing from New York, when 
 about 18 years of age. Commencing as a cabin boy, he rose to the com- 
 mand of the brig Franklin, sailing from New York to the Bermudas, of which 
 he also became part owner. After the enactment of the embargo on com- 
 merce and navigation under Jefferson, he left the ocean, and, with his young 
 wife, removed to Upper Canada, whither his elder brother, David Willson, 
 had preceded him, and where he cultivated a small farm, and taught school 
 winters. In 18 18, he removed with his family to a small farm he had pur- 
 chased near Sugar Grove, Pa. About 182 1, he there opened a public house, 
 which was for many years the most popular hotel in that section. Having 
 retained his fondness for navigation, in 1825 he bought an interest in the 
 schooner Milan, at Buffalo, and took charge of her as master, in the lake 
 trade. After the steamer Chautauqua on Chautauqua lake was built, he took 
 charge of her for one or two seasons. Then, having purchased an interest 
 in the schooner Nucleus, on Lake Erie, he was made master. She partici- 
 pated largely in carrying passengers, having been fitted up for that purpose. 
 In 1836, he disposed of the Nucleus, abandoned navigation, and returned to 
 his family and home in Warren Co., Pa. During this period of his navi- 
 gating the lakes, he was in business associations with the people of Chau- 
 tauqua county ; and the early residents of Dunkirk, Fredonia, Barcelona, 
 and Westfield, remember him with great respect. He was a moral and an 
 upright citizen, temperate in all his habits, and enjoyed the fullest confidence 
 of the comrtfunity where he resided. He had been educated in the Society 
 of Friends, but was tolerant and friendly towards other societies. He read 
 much, and was a man of intelligence and culture. 
 
 The children of Capt. Willson were : i . Cathafine Elliott, married to 
 Charles Doan, and resides at Aurora, Ontario, C. W. 2. Martha dinger. 
 who died in 1869, unmarried. 3. Mark, who married Elizabeth T., daugh- 
 ter of Dr. Robert T. Hallock, of Milton, Ulster Co., N. Y. He followed 
 
372 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 the mercantile business at Sugar Grove for many years ; did much in build- 
 ing up and improving the place ; filled several local offices with credit to 
 himself and satisfaction to the public ; and, after the death of his father and 
 mother, removed with his family, in 1863, to Minnesota, where [at Winona] 
 he is now successfully engaged in the banking business. 4. Eliza, who accom- 
 panied her brother to Minnesota, where she still resides. Capt. John I. Will- 
 son died in February, 1859, aged 78 years. His wife died in June, 1854, 
 aged 66. Both are buried in the village cemetery at Sugar Grove. 
 
 S. B. WiNSOR, son of Abraham Winsor, was bom in Eaton, Madison Co., 
 N. Y., Sept. 29, 1805, and came with his father to Sinclairville in 1810, where 
 he resided until 1822, when he removed to Jamestown. In 183 1, he was mar- 
 ried to Ann Sears, daughter of Wm. Sears, by whom he had 7 children : William 
 S., who lives at Puget Sound on the Pacific coast ; Ruby C, wife of Hiram 
 Hazeltine, residing at Titusville, Pa. ; Mary, who married Richard H. Baker, 
 who resides in Jamestown; Henrietta, wife of Samuel J. Bailey, Jamestown; 
 Woodley C., at Union, Pa. ; Clinton B.; and Helen A. 
 
 Jamestown Land Association. 
 
 In April, 1836, Judge Prendergast sold his lands, mills, and water power 
 in Jamestown to an association of persons, consisting of Aaron D. Patchin, 
 Samuel Barrett, Henry Baker, Guy C. Irvine, Nathaniel A. Lowry, and E. 
 G. Owen. Lowry having pmrchased Owen's interest, sold his one-third inter- 
 est, in 1841, to Barrett, Patchin, and Baker; and Barrett, in January, 1842, 
 assigned all his interest to Baker. The title to the village property was in 
 Baker ; the title to the other lands and water power, in Patchin and Barrett. 
 As the lands held by Baker, Barrett, and Patchin were purchased by all the 
 parties to the agreement, equally and in equal proportions as tenants in com- 
 mon, the agreement between the parties was as follows : 
 
 " The price to be paid for the lands, water power and mills, is $80,000 ; 
 $10,000 to be paid the ist of April, instant, by the purchasers equally in 
 proportion ; the remainder in seven equal annual installments with interest 
 annually. Full power was given to Baker, Barrett, and Patchin to sell and 
 convey property on such terms as they deemed best ; but water power and 
 mills or land appertaining (?) not to be sold but by consent of a majority 
 of the parties holding an interest in the property." 
 
 Cemeteries. 
 The first burial ground in Jamestown, though never laid out, was in 
 the western part of the village, and comprised just one block, and was 
 a donation firom Judge Prendergast to the inhabitants of Jamestown, but 
 was never deeded. The first death and burial took place in 1815 ; the 
 second, in 1817. In 1823, 5 adults and 12 or 14 children had been 
 interred. Some dissatisfaction existing with the burial ground, it was 
 abandoned, and a new one formed on the north side of Fifth street, 
 west of Main. Judge Prendergast, in 1822, deeded the whole block to 
 the Congregational society, in trust for all religious societies, which society, 
 
-^=^^-9^'tc^^^,/?)i^^'-t^, 
 
JAMESTOWN. 373 
 
 in 1845, deeded it to the village, the people of which raised the money, and 
 purchased of Henry Baker an equal amount, north of, and including Sixth 
 street. The first burial, in the new ground, was that of Mrs. Russell, in 1823. 
 In 1845, it was ordered that the remains of those who had been buried in 
 the old ground be removed to the new, at the public expense. The remains 
 of 3 adults and 9 children were removed. In 1850, it was computed that no 
 less than 600 bodies had been interred in this burial ground, in about 20 
 years ; and it was apparent that in a few years it would be filled ; and there 
 was no adjoining ground to be had. 
 
 On the 9th of Aug., 1858, an association was formed, which resulted in 
 the purchase of 37)^ acres of ground, bearing the name oi Lake View Ceme- 
 tery. By the aid of a subscription* of $600 by Col. Augustus F. Allen, Col. 
 Henry Baker, William H. Lowry, Esq., and Hon. Elial T. Foote, of New 
 Haven, and a donation of $50 by Alex. T. Prendergast, Esq., of Kiantone, 
 the association was enabled to make the purchase. The poor were to have 
 burial lots without charge. A lot was to be reserved for the reinterment of 
 the remains of Revolutionary soldiers who had died in this section. And a 
 mound, nearly in the center of the ground, was set apart for public monu- 
 ments, especially for a monument to the pioneer settlers of the village. 
 From the eminences in this ground, a view of Chautauqua lake may be had, 
 from which fact, probably, the cemetery derives its name. The grounds 
 were dedicated on the sth of October, 1859. The religious services were 
 performed by Rev. Messrs. Thomas H. Rouse, Henry Benson, J. S. Lytle, 
 L. W. Norton, and A. Wells. A dedicatory ode, composed by Elijah 
 Bishop, Esq., was read by Rev. Mr. Rouse, and sung by the choir. And 
 addresses were made by Dr. Gilbert W. Hazeltine, secretary of the associa- 
 tion, and Hon. Elial T. Foote. The sum of $1,500 was subsequently raised 
 by a tax on the citizens, and paid to the trustees of the village, who deeded 
 their part of the grounds to the association, who have since had the manage- 
 ment of them. 
 
 Churches and other Associations. 
 
 The Cotigregational Church. — The first preaching at Jamestown, it is said, 
 was in the summer of 1815, by Rev. Amasa West, a teacher, formerly at or 
 near Cross Roads, who preached on alternate sabbaths. There were only 
 three professors of religion in the place: Joseph Dix, and Mr. and Mrs. 
 Jacob Fenton, Congregationalists. The same year. Rev. John Spencer, the 
 missionary mentioned elsewhere, preached one sabbath, [two sermons.] 
 Meetings on the sabbath were kept up, and sermons read in the absence of 
 preaching. In June, 1816, Mr. Spencer again visited the place; and the 
 number of professors being deemed sufficient, a Congregational church was 
 formed, consisting of the following named persons ; Joseph Dix, Jacob and 
 Lois Fenton, Oliver and Lucretia Higley, Ebenezer and Milton Sherwin, 
 Abner and Daniel Hazeltine. Mr. Spencer visited the church twice a year ; 
 and other ministers also visited the place. From 1821 to 1824, meetings for 
 
374 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 worship were held in the academy. The society was suppUed for some time 
 by ministers of different denominations, CongregationaHsts, Presbyterians, 
 Baptists, and, in the summer of 1824, by Rufus Murray, an Episcopal min- 
 ister, then at Mayville. The first settled pastor was Isaac Eddy, who was 
 succeeded by Erastus J. Gillet, Ephraim Taylor, Edw. Parmely, Owen Street, 
 Sylvanus P. Marvin, Thomas H. Rouse, Thomas Wickes, Edward Anderson, 
 Eli Corwin, present pastor, [1875.] The first deacon was Joseph Dix ; a few 
 years afterward, William Deland was elected. Since the election of these, 
 the office has been held by Samuel Garfield, Loring Sherman, James Gary, 
 Eber Keyes, Abner Hazeltine, Ezra Wood, John C. Jones, Julius L. Hall. 
 The society was organized under the statute, October, 1821. The first trus- 
 tees were : Wm. Deland, Daniel Hazeltine, Samuel A. Brown. A meeting- 
 house was commenced in 1828, and completed in December, 1829. It was 
 dedicated the first day of January, 1830 ; the dedicatory sermon by the pas- 
 tor, Rev. Isaac Eddy. A New Year's sermon was preached in the afternoon 
 by Rev. Isaac Oakes, of Westfield ; and in the evening, a sermon more par- 
 ticularly to the church, by Rev. Mr. Jones, of Mayville ; followed by remarks 
 from Rev. Justin Marsh, of Mina, now Sherman. 
 
 The Baptist Church of Jamestown was reorganized. May 24, 1832, by a 
 council, of which Rev. Ebenezer Harrington was moderator, and Rev. Charles 
 La Hatt, clerk. The members had, April 22, 1832, formed themselves into 
 a conference. Elder Zaccheus M. Palmer, moderator ; John C. Breed, clerk ; 
 which was composed of 1 3 males and 7 females : Zaccheus M. Palmer, John 
 C. Breed, Wm. Washburn, Theron Gilbert, Jefferson Rhodes, Squire R. Bur- 
 lingham, William Acocks, Josiah Willis, Lory Walker, Henry Bliss, John A. 
 Abbott, Ephraim Rolfe, James Smith, Selina Palmer, Mary A. Palmer, Sarah 
 Seymour, Lydia Burlingham, Anna Rolfe, Hannah Willis, Lucinda Heath. 
 The church was connected with Chautauqua Association. The first meeting- 
 house was built in 1832, a plain structure without steeple, costing $1,000. 
 The second and present house was completed in the fall of 1857, at a cost 
 of between $3,000 and $4,000. It was repaired in 1865, at an expense of 
 $1,600. It stands on Fourth street, east of Main. The ministers who have 
 served the church since its organization, are David Bernard, Rufus Peet, A. 
 Chapman, [7 years,] Horatio Pratt, [died here of consumption,] Elder Board- 
 man, Simon Davis, J. C. Stoddard, Alfred Handy, ■ Rathbone, 
 
 Look, A. Wells, A. Kingsbury, E. Mills, from 1864 to i868. Present 
 pastor, P. B. Haughwout. 
 
 The Presbyterian Church of Jamestown was organized in February or 
 March, 1834, with about 50 members, most of them from the Congregational 
 church. Rev. Erastus J. Gillett, who had been for some years pastor of that 
 church, assumed the pastorate of the Presbyterian church. The society, re- 
 quired by the statute of the state, was formed about the same time ; and 
 Henry Barrett, Joseph Waite, Horace Allen, Nathaniel A. Lowry, and 
 Alpheus Hawley, were elected trustees. Among the members (of the church, 
 it is presumed,) were Joseph Waite, Elial T. Foote, Samuel A. Brown, E. 
 
JAMESTOWN. 375 
 
 Hall, Curtis Haven, Elias Haven, H. Dewey, S. Benham, Wm. R. Rogers, 
 Titus Kellogg, D. Higley, John Scott, and others. Horace Allen, Wm. R. 
 Rogers, Alpheus Hawley, Curtis Haven, and John Scott, were chosen ruling 
 elders. Ira Couch, Samuel Foote, Curtis Haven, Wm. R. Rogers, John 
 Scott, Horace Allen, and Alpheus Hawley, were chosen deacons. H. Dewey 
 was chosen clerk. Rev. Mr. Gillett was succeeded, as pastor, by Blackleach 
 B. Gray, who was followed by H. G. Blinn, Erastus J. Gillett, (second term,) 
 Rufus King, S. W. Rowe, Fillmore, and others, when M. L. P. Thomp- 
 son became pastor, and was succeeded by Wm. W. Macomber, and, in 1875, 
 by Walter Condit, the present pastor. 
 
 The Protestant Episcopal Church was organized June 23, 1853. Present, 
 Samuel P. Fuller, Smith Seymour, Gilbert W. Hazeltine, Wm. P. Bemus, 
 Wm. E. Barrett, John F. Smith, John M. Grant, Levant L. Mason, Zadoc 
 Martin, Norman R. Ransom, and Thomas Butcher, belonging to the church 
 and congregation worshiping in the academy, according to the rites of the 
 Protestant Episcopal Church in the state of New York. Levi W. Norton, 
 rector, presided ; John F. Smith and Wm. P. Bemus were chosen secretaries. 
 " The Rector, Wardens, and Vestrymen of St Luke's Church, in the Village 
 of Jamestown, in the County of Chautauqua,'' was adopted as the title of 
 the corporation. Samuel P. Fuller and Smith Seymour were elected war- 
 dens ; Dascum Allen, Wm. F. Wheeler, Wm. H. Lowry, Wm. E. Barrett, 
 Levant L. Mason, Warner D. Shaw, Gilbert W. Hazeltine, and John M. 
 Grant, vestrymen. At the next meeting, John M. Grant wjfs elected clerk, 
 July 19, 1853. Measures were soon after adopted to build a church edifice, 
 which appears to have been completed Feb. 23, J 856, when rents were 
 assessed upon the pews for the support of the church. It stands on the 
 corner of Fourth and Main streets. 
 
 The Swedish M. E. Church of Jamestown and Sugar Grove was organized 
 in June, 1852, by Rev. Mr. Hanimerin, the first pastor. The church build- 
 ing was built in i860. 
 
 The Swedish Evangelical Lutheran Church of Jamestown was organized 
 with thirty members, in 1857, by Rev. Jonas Swanson, the first pastor. 
 Their house of worship was built in 1866. 
 
 The Free Methodist Church was organized with seven members, October 
 16, 1871, by Rev. C. D. Brooks, the first pastor. They worship in West- 
 cott's Hall. 
 
 Mount Moriah Lodge, No. 2gy. — In 1816, some masons in "Frank's set- 
 tlement," petitioned the state grand lodge for a charter, which was ob- 
 tained the next year. On the 27th of September, 18 17, pursuant to public 
 notice, a meeting was held at the house of Horatio Dix, in Jamestown, com- 
 posed of the following named persons : Heman Bush, David Hatch, Phineas 
 Stevens, Oliver Higley, Solomon Jones, Horatio Dix, Gilbert Ballard, David 
 Boyd, Wm. Pier, Joseph Waite, Elial T. Foote, Pearly Fairbank, Paul Davis. 
 The officers Jiamed in the charter were Heman Bush, master; Solomon 
 Jones, senior warden ; Theron Plumb, junior warden. The other officers, 
 
376 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 chosen at the meeting above mentioned, were EHal T. Foote, secretary ; 
 • David Hatch, treasurer ; Joseph Waite, senior deacon ; Pearly Fairbank, 
 senior deacon; Asahel Andrews and Wm. Pier, stewards; Oliver Higley, 
 tyler. Elder Paul Davis was to serve as chaplain on the day of installation ; 
 and Elder Asa Turner was to be invited to attend. The installation was to 
 take place the i6th of October, at Heman Bush's, ["Frank's settlement," 
 now Busti,] and meetings were thereafter to be held at H. Dix's inn, James- 
 town. Meetings were continued until 1830, when, from the violence of the 
 anti-masonic excitement, they were suspended, and the lodge became extinct. 
 
 Lumber Manufacture in Ellicott. 
 
 Lumbering was for many years a leading industry in the south-east part 
 of the county. Most of the pine timber was in the four townships — i and 
 2, in ranges 10 and 11, which constituted the original town of Ellicott. The 
 first mill erected within this territory was that of Dr. Kennedy, in the present 
 town of Poland, in 1805. [See sketch of Poland.] There were several mills 
 erected earlier than that of Judge Prendergast at the Rapids ; but it is pre- 
 sumed that at no other two mills were as large quantities of lumber produced, 
 in the same time, as at those of Judge Prendergast and Dr. Kennedy. The 
 following detailed account of the operation of the mill at Jamestown, written 
 by Judge Foote, and adopted by Gen. Horace Allen as his own, will be read 
 with interest : 
 
 "When I rerrioved to Jamestown, in Feb., 1815, there was a i^ story grist- 
 mill building, with 2 run of stones ; and two single saw-mills, and one gang 
 saw-mill, all owned by James Prendergast. There was one small store of 
 goods owned by Jediah & Martin Prendergast, of Mayville, the store man- 
 aged by Thomas Disher, a clerk ; the store building now [1858] standing on 
 the north-west corner of Main and First streets. Two small shanty black- 
 smith shops were occupied by Eleazer Daniels and Patrick Campbell ; and 
 a small out-door tannery by John Burgess and James Rice. A tavern build- 
 ing was commenced by Jacob Fenton. 
 
 " Almost the entire business of the place, then called ' The Rapids,' was 
 cxxtXmg soiat three million feet 0/ boards a year, mostly run down the river; 
 and most of the provisions and groceries used by the people were brought 
 from Pittsburgh in keel boats ; as flour, bacon, dried apples and peaches, 
 tobacco, and whisky ; also nails, glass, and castings. The mills all stood 
 near each other, on the north side of the outlet, nearly opposite the south 
 end of Main street. The frame saw-mill next to the shore, contained a sin- 
 gle saw-mill, and immediately south of it — in the same frame — a gang saw- 
 mill, carrying from 14 to 16 saws. In a separate frame, a little further into 
 the stream, was a single saw-mill, called the 'new mill,' built in 1814. The 
 grist-mill stood a little north-west of the saw-mills. The single saw-mill next 
 the shore was mostly used in slabbing logs for the gang saw-mill. All the 
 saw-mills were run night and day, except Sundays. They required two sets 
 of hands ; one set commencing at noon and working till midnight ; the other 
 working from midnight till noon. The gang required two hands to work it, 
 or four hands for 24 hours. The single saw-mills required one hand each, 
 or two for 24 hours. The men who tended the gang carried out of the mill 
 
JAMESTOWN. 377 
 
 the slabs cut by the slabbing mill, and their own slabs and boards. The 
 largest and best logs were mostly sawed by the new mill, and the smaller and 
 knotty logs chiefly by the gang mill. 
 
 " The mills cut with great power. The cranks, except those of the gang, 
 were 17 or 18 inches. There was an abundance of water winter and sum- 
 mer ; and there were large throats l|> the water wheels. The saws were thick 
 and seven feet long, with large teeth, and would bear heavy feed. The 
 boards sawed in the single mills looked rough,, as the saws cut from j^ to ^ 
 inch at a stroke, and made coarse saw-dust. The gang sa^s had finer teeth ; 
 cut more slowly, and made finer saw-dust, leaving the boards smooth even 
 from knotty logs. Gang boards were sometimes used without planing. The 
 quantity of saw-dust shoved into the outlet from these mills in a year was 
 enormous. The mill ponds below, and willow bars, eddies, etc., received 
 these deposits ; and the accumulation of years is still to be seen along the; 
 outlet, in bends and other' places. The water has sensibly diminished in the 
 outlet, and will probably continue to grow less. The lumbering business 
 was hard work, from the time the axe was struck into the tree, until 
 the boards arrived in market and were drawn out of the water. 0{ the 
 eight or ten men employed in these mills in 18 15, and some of them earlier, 
 Nicholas Dolloff, Jesse Smith, Wm. Clark, and myself, s'till survive, [1858,] 
 and reside in this county. We were then in the prime of life, and all temper- 
 ate. We probably cut as many boards on these mills as any other set of 
 hands did in the same length of time, and perhaps more. 
 
 " Most of the logs were sawed for the owners on shares ; they taking one- 
 half of the boards. The logs were drawn to the outlet, or lake, or pond, 
 and floated to the mill. Each owner distinguished his logs by a mark. Marks 
 were rudely made by a certain number of notches on the end or side of the 
 log, or by one or more letters cut on the side, or by letters on the head of an 
 axe, or on a hammer, and struck on the end of the log. The sawyers entered 
 the marks on a slate hanging in the mill, and the quantity of boards made 
 from each log ; and these slate accounts were transferred to the mill owner's 
 books, who was thus enabled to settle with his customers. Rotten or shaky, 
 unmerchantable boards were entered as ' rot,' and charged to the owner of 
 the logs ; and they were piled by themselves. The mill owner would not 
 saw rotten boards for one-half. Next to the slabs were usually one or two 
 wany or bark edged, or sappy boards, which were called ' ruffage,' [refuse,] 
 boards. These were piled by themselves. The rot or shaky boards were 
 worth from one-third to one-half the price of good. They were not all rotten 
 that were so called, but had ring rot stripes of a spongy appearance, and were 
 used by many for log house chamber floors, or for barns or sheds. No one 
 intended to draw to mill logs that would make rotten boards, for even sound 
 logs were very cheap. If on being sawed open a log was found really rotten, 
 it was shoved out of the mill to the slab pile and burned. The logs were 
 all drawn up into the mill from the pond on an inclined plane ; the water 
 power turning what was called the ' bull wheel,' with a windlass shaft, which 
 wound up a large chain, one end of which was fastened to the shaft ; the 
 other to the log by a dog of hook-like form, driven into one side of the log 
 near the small end of the log. 
 
 "Nicholas Dolloff and Jesse Smith, and Jesse Smith and myself the rest 
 of the year, tended the new mill in 1815 ; Wm. Clark and others the slabbing 
 mill ; and John Fent and others the gang mill. In the new mill we were 
 paid for sawing, $1 per thousand, and boarded. The files were furnished by 
 
378 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 the owner of the mill, but the saws were filed by ourselves. We usually cut 
 about 2,000 feet in each turn of 12 hours. The hands on the gang and 
 slabbing mills were paid about $15 per month, and boarded. The logs were 
 cut in the woods almost uniformly 12 ft. 4 in., or 16 ft. 4 in. long, except 
 but logs, which were cut longer, as the shaky buts were to be sawed off. Be- 
 sides boards, most of the scantling and ^ther building lumber was sawed in 
 the new mill. Boards were sawed thin for lathing. All lath used in those 
 early times were thin boards, which were split or cracked with an axe or a 
 hatchet, and, while being naiJed on the studs, stretched or spread sufficiently 
 to open cracks for the mortar, instead of being sawed into strips as now. 
 
 " Boards for rafting down the river, were put into piles from 10 to 20 feet 
 high, and 12 or 16 feet square; each layer of boards placed edge to edge, 
 and crossing the layer preceding it. The slabs, buts, and edgings of boards 
 were carried outside of the mills and board piles, and thrown into a common 
 pile to be burned, and which was kept almost constantly burning, winter and 
 summer. Thus millions of slabs were burned to get rid of them ; and the 
 burning did not entirely cease until about 1835 or 1840, although the best 
 of them were cut into lath or were used for other purposes much earlier. Pine 
 was here, in early days, almost the only timber sawed ; although some cherry, 
 oak, and other timber was sawed for customers for home consumption ; not 
 much having been sent down the river. Hemlock was hardly deemed worth 
 sawing. Some cucumber, maple, and whitewood were sawed into scantling 
 for bedsteads and other uses. 
 
 " The first or but log of a tree was not then squared in the woods, but left 
 in the form it had when chopped down. It must of course be squared before 
 it could be sawed. A single saw-mill had a "butting-saw," attached to the 
 saw-gate, which drew and shoved the saw across the log with each ascending 
 and descending motion of the gate. The refuse piece, or but sawed off, was 
 called a 'butting block,' and carried out to the slab piles and burned. Thus 
 vast quantities of pine were burned to get rid of it, which would now be 
 highly prized. Mill owners afterwards required all logs to be squared at the 
 but before they were brought to the mills ; and butting saws came into disuse. 
 After a while, mill owners purchased logs by the hundred, instead of sawing 
 on shares, even when paid for in boards. The prices of logs varied accord- 
 ing to the prices of boards. When logs were thus purchased, they were 
 measured across the small end with a rule, and the measurements set down 
 in a column, which, added up, showed the total contents of the logs. A log 
 was called or estimated at 200 feet of boards ; and when one bought or sold 
 a hundred logs, they were estimated in this way. There were rules or tables 
 for logs of all sizes, and whether 1 2 feet or 1 6 feet long. Hence an average 
 log was called 200 feet. The refuse boards were usually sold by count at 
 about one cent apiece, and many were used for rough, cheap fences.. Most 
 of the village lots were first fenced with these boards sustained by stakes 
 and withes ; sometimes by nails on posts. They were sometimes used for 
 sheathing for bams and houses, (culling out the best,) for shingling upon." 
 
 In the year 1823, Wm. Forbes, Benj. Runyan, and Wm. Clark, having 
 rented the Kennedy mills, in the present town of Poland, of Kennedy's heirs, 
 got in the logs, and sawed at these mills upwards oifour million feet of boards. 
 Many of the logs were cut in the present town of Randolph, near where the 
 academy stands, and floated down the Little Connewango to the mills, and 
 were the first logs ever cut and floated down that stream. All these boards 
 
ELLINGTON. 379 
 
 were sold, unassorted, to the "Lumber Company," at $5.50 per thousand 
 feet, unrafted, at the mills. That company was composed of John Frew, 
 John Myers, S. and J. E. Budlong, and Guy C. Irvine. It was supposed 
 that, assorted, one-third of these boards would have proved to be clear stuff. 
 It was said to be one of the best lots of boards made in the county, and 
 commanded the highest price at the time, [1823.] The mills were crowded 
 to their utmost capacity day and night ; two sets of hands being employed. 
 
 The saw-mills in Jamestown, while owned by Judge Prendergast, cut about 
 three million feet of boards annually. * Judge Foote follows this statement with 
 the following remarks : " Now that the pine timber is gone, and lumber is 
 scarce and dear, it is melancholy to think of its destruction. A large share 
 of the lumber, in early days, did not bring in market more than it cost to 
 cut the logs, manufacture the lumber, and run it to market ; leaving nothing 
 for the standing timber." 
 
 Immense quantities were also manufactured in Worksburg and vicinity, 
 and in the present town of Carroll, from which no statements have been 
 received. From few points, it is believed, has more lumber gone down the 
 Connewango, than from Frewsburgh ; and surely no town has equaled Carroll 
 in its number of mills. 
 
 The very low price to which pine lumber was reduced, at one time, by the 
 extraordinary quantity manufactured in the vicinity of Jamestown, is almost 
 incredible. But the fact was well established in a court of justice. A man 
 had given to another a note payable in lumber. The lumber having not been 
 delivered at the time stipulated, the note was of course collectable in cash ; 
 and a suit was commenced. It was proved, on trial, by several witnesses, 
 that lumber was worth, on credit or in barter, $2 per thousand feet ; but in 
 cash, only $1.50 ; and judgment was rendered accordingly. 
 
 ELLINGTON. 
 
 Ellington was formed from Gerry, April i, 1824. It comprises township 
 3, of range 10, of the Holland Company's surveys. At the time of its for- 
 mation, it included Cherry Creek, which was taken off in 1829. It borders 
 on Cattaraugus county on the east. Its surface is an undulating and hilly 
 upland. It is drained principally by Clear creek and its tributaries. The 
 main stream enters the town near the north-west comer, and runs in a south- 
 easterly direction, passing the east side of the village, whence it flows east- 
 ward into Cattaraugus county near the village of Clear Creek. Its two prin- 
 cipal tributaries, from the south and south-west, unite at the village, and 
 flow into the main stream a little below. The Connewango creek passes 
 through the north-east comer, dividing lot 8 nearly centrally, and clipping a' 
 small portion of lot 7, and enters Cattaraugus county at Olds' Corners. 
 
38o HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 Original Purchases in Township j, Range lo. 
 
 1814. August, Joshua Bentley, 7. 
 
 1815. April, Joshua Bentley, 16. May, Wyman Bugbee, 29. June, Jas. 
 Bates, 23. John Love, Jr., and Frederic Love, 29. Sept., Jas. Bates, 48. 
 
 1816. April, Simon Lawrence, 38. 
 
 1817. October, Abner Bates, 56. Charles Thacher, 64. 
 
 1818. July, Oliver Bugbee, 23. October, Benjamin Follett, 40. 
 
 18 1 9. May, Ebenezer Green, Jr., 20. 
 
 182 1. October, RoUi Rublee, 12. Samuel McConnell, 47. Harwood 
 Boyden, 21. Ebenezer Green, Jr., 21. *Hiram Putnam, 4. 
 
 1822. February, Enos Bush, i. Samuel Newton, 46. May, Gardner 
 Bentley, 16. Benajah Carr, 16. James Leach, 18. Amos Leach, 11. 
 June, Benj. Livermore, i. Henry Abbey, 32. September, Nathan Brown, 
 37. David Gates, 11. Henry Day, 24. Seymour Saxton, 18. October, 
 Jeremiah West, 10. John Leach, 10. November, Zenas L. Bemus, i. Ira 
 Gates, 13. December, Gershom Newton, 46. 
 
 1824. Aug., Orrin Fairbanks, 3. Sept., Enos Preston, 60. Oran Kings- 
 ley, Jr., 34. Otis Page, 34. Oct., Chester Crofoot, 49. Ransom Williams, 18. 
 
 1825. March, Friend L. Fish, 44. April, Nathaniel Fuller, 54. June, 
 Isaac Harmon, 36. Joseph B. Eddy, 52. Nathaniel Dunham, 60. James 
 Tracy, 35. August, Elijah Green, 20. Alva Lawrence, 38. October, Vera- 
 nus Page, 12. November, Isaac Holland, 25. 
 
 1826. May, Richard G. Farman, and Jason Bumpus, 57. Richard G. 
 Farman, 57. September, Hosea Saxton, 25. 
 
 1827. March, Joshua Bentley, 6. December, George Anderson, 20. 
 
 1828. January, Elijah Green, 21. April, Ward King, 16. May, Alvah 
 Lawrence, 38. December, Charles Thatcher, 64. 
 
 1830. January, Jonathan Slater, 20. Levi Warner, 32. 
 
 The first settlement in this town was made in the north-east part, as is sup- 
 posed, where Joshua Bentley articled, in 1814, a part of lot 7, and in April, 
 1815, a part of lot 16. The next purchase, as appears from the list of orig- 
 inal sales, was made in May, by Wyman Bugbee, who setded near the Center, 
 and who had a most perilous encounter with a bear. [See p. 83.] And in 
 June, John Love, Jr., and Frederick Love, also bought parts of the same 
 lot, [29.] The Bentleys became numerous, and most of them were in the 
 north-east p irt of the 'town, in the vicinity of Olds' Corners. The .sons of 
 Joshua Bentley, Sen., were : Joshua, who setded in Cherry Creek ; Stephen, 
 Gardner, and Benjamin. Sons of Joshua, Jr., were : Alexander, in Cherry 
 Creek ; Hiram, removed to the West ; Lemuel, at Olds' Comers. The sons 
 of Gardner were : Amon, deceased ; EUery, in Cherry Creek ; Benjamin, in 
 Ellington; and Turner. Sons of Benjamin, the elder: Ira, deceased; and 
 George, in Cherry Creek. Eldred, brother of Joshua, Sr., settled on lot 
 15 ; had 2 sons, Eldred, and Perry, who died in town. Near the Bentleys, 
 Ward King settled on lot 16, bought in 1828. His sons were : Wanton, 2d, 
 who dii-d in Indiana ; Ward, now in Cherry Creek ; James, deceased ; Nor- 
 man, in Ch;rry Creek; Hiram, in Missouri; Benjamin, on the old farm. 
 Daniel W. Waggoner settled on lot 32, on the line of Cherry Creek. Mr. 
 W. ;,n 1 his son Marshal now reside in the village. 
 
ELLINGTON. 38 1 
 
 In the east p*t of the town, Andrew Mather settled on lot 14, where he 
 and his son Whitcomb now reside. His son Wesley, a carpenter and joiner, 
 resides in the village. Ira Day, from Livingston Co., about 1828, settled 
 about a mile and a half east from the village, on lot 13. His son Lorenzo 
 resides on lot 1 2, near the homestead ; Edwin, in Iowa. Hiram Putnam 
 settled on lot 4 about 1823, where his son Olvin resides. He removed to 
 the village ; and thence to where he now resides, with his son Edwin, a mile 
 east from the village. David Gates, from Genesee Co., settled on lot 11, a 
 little south from where his son Rollin resides. His widow lives in the village. 
 Rolli Rubblee, on lot 12, whose sons RoUi and Homer live on the same 
 farm. Elizur Bagg, from Mass., settled about 1839, where he now resides, 
 on lot 5. Sons : Ellison, on the homestead with his father; and Hiram, who 
 died in 1875. 
 
 In the south-east part of the town were the four Leach brothers, from Her- 
 kimer Co., three of whom, James, Amos, and John, were original purchasers, 
 in 1822, and perhaps Joseph also, though his name does not appear as such. 
 James settled on lot 18, but removed early to Pennsylvania. John, on lot 10, 
 where he died several years ago, and where James Anderson, his son-in-law, 
 resides. He resided a short time in Perry, now Wyoming Co., before his 
 removal to this county. Enfield, his son, is a merchant in Randolph. Amos 
 settled on lot 11, a year or two, it is believed, after his purchase. His son, 
 Amos C, resides on the homestead. Warren, another son, died in the naval 
 service, in the late war. Joseph settled on lot 11, where he died. His 
 widow and son Aaron live on the farm. His son Joseph resides in Cattarau- 
 gus Co. Seymour Saxton, in 1822, settled on lot 18, and afterwards removed 
 to Randolph. His son Henry resides on the homestead. Hosea Saxton, 
 brother of Seymour, settled on lot 25. Reuben, his son, lives at Kennedy. 
 John Woodward, Jr., settled on lot 2. He was 7 years supervisor of the 
 town, and in 1835 a member of assembly. He removed to the West. 
 David Woodward, brother of John, settled on lot 9, and has also removed 
 West. Jeremiah West, in or about 1822, settled on lot 10; now lives in the 
 village. 
 
 In the south part of the town, George Shulters settled early on lot 42, and 
 has two sons, Henry and Edwin, residing in the neighborhood. Wm. Risley 
 settled on lot 49, and removed to lot 42. Wallace, his son, lives on the 
 center road. 
 
 In the south-west -^dst of the town, Richard G. Farman settled on lot 57, 
 where he and his son Richard D. now reside. Joseph Fairbanks on the west 
 line of the town ; his son Lorenzo is on the farm ; Joseph resides on the 
 center road, west of the village. Moses Wheeler settled on lot 43, about 
 1824 or 1825 ; has a son, Albert, who lives with his father; and another, 
 Silas, who lives on lot 33. James Tracy, on lot 35, where his son John 
 resides. 
 
 In the west part of the town, on the center road. Friend L. Fisk settled 
 on lot 44, bought in 1825, about 2 m. from the village, where his son David 
 
382 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 resides. James, a brother of Friend, on lot 53. Of his soift, Chas. E. died 
 in the late war; one lives in Kansas; Irvine, LeRoy, and reside in town. 
 
 In the north-west part of the town, James Bates settled on lot 48, pur- 
 chased in 1815, and kept a tavern, said to have been the first in the town. 
 On the same lot, Corydon and Vinal, sons of Abner Bates, and Adna B. 
 Kinsman settled. 
 
 Charles Thacher purchased, in 1817, a part of lot 64, on which Theron 
 and Charles subsequently resided ; Charles until his death, and Theron until 
 the present time. Their father, James Thacher, settled on the same lot, 
 where he died many years ago. John Shaw, about 1836, settled on 46, and 
 now resides in the village. His son Cap lives on the homestead. Salmon 
 T. Case, from Mass., on lot 63. His sons, John and Franklin, merchants, 
 and Theodore A., a lawyer, all reside in the village. Israel Carpenter was 
 an early settler where his son Norman M. resides. 
 
 In the central -^^xi, Ebenezer Green, Jr., settled on lot 20, in 1819, a short 
 distance east of his present residence in the village. His purchase was the 
 first in that vicinity ; the valley there and below having been, for several 
 years, reserved land. Allen Bagg, from Mass., settled, in 1835, on a farm 
 adjoining the village, where he now resides. A son, Henry, lives in town ; 
 another, William, in Randolph. Hiram Bagg, a brother of Allen, in 1836, 
 settled where Allen Bagg, 2d, resides, and now lives in the south part of the 
 village. David Ransom was an early settler on lot 37 ; afterwards removed 
 to lot 36, adjoining, a mile west of the village. His sons : Sylvester, in the 
 west part of the town ; several others removed from the state ; and Richard, 
 who was killed in the late war. Ira Gates, from Chateauguay, N. Y., to 
 Genesee Co., and thence to Ellington, settled south-east of the village, where 
 he resided till his death. His sons Lorrison and Oramel removed to the 
 West; Whitney resides in Poland; Ira L., in the town; Noel C, in the 
 West. Albert G. Brainard, a son-in-law, is on the homestead. George 
 Anderson, a native of Scotland, settled on lot 20, near the village, in 1825. 
 His sons, James, George, and Edwin, reside in the town — George near the 
 homestead. Simon Lawrence settled on lot 38, which he articled in 1816. 
 His sons, Alvah, Simon, and John, reside in the town; Simon, on the home- 
 stead, whose birth is said to have been the first in Ellington. Isaiah Nessle 
 and his brother Joseph B., from Onondaga Co., in 1832, settled on lot 37, 
 where Wm. H., the eldest son of Isaiah, now resides. The brothers bought 
 the cloth-dressing works of a Mr. Hough ; and Joseph afterwards removed 
 the machinery to the village. The sons of Isaiah are William H., John, 
 Darling, Joseph, and Thomas. William and Thomas and their mother 
 reside on the old farm. Joseph B. has a son Henry, in New York; and two 
 daughters, Lydia Ann and Mary. Isaiah died in 1870 ; Joseph B. resides in 
 the village. John Conet, from Mohawk valley, settled on the land on which 
 David Ransom first settled, lot 37, a mile west of the village, on the center 
 road. His sons are : Joseph, in the west part of the town ; and John J., in 
 the south-west part, near Gerry. 
 
ELLINGTON. 383 
 
 The first town-meeting was held in the north part of the town, at the house 
 of Lucretia French, March 1, 1825. The following are the names of the 
 officers elected : 
 
 Supervisor — James Thacher. Town Clerk — Cornelius H. Nicholson. 
 Assessors — Robert James, Jr., John Leach, Charles Thacher. Overseers of 
 l^oor — Almanzo Hadley, Reuben Penhollow, Ward King. Com'rs of High- 
 ways — Robert James, Ira Gates, Henry McConnell. Constables — Geo. H. 
 Frost, Almanzo Hadley, Benj. Livermore. Com'rs of Schools — David C. 
 Spear, Cornelius H. Nicholson, Parley Eaton. Inspectors of Schools — C. H. 
 Nicholson, David C. Spear, Parley Eaton. Sealer — John P. Hadley. Found 
 Keepers — Benj. Ellsworth, Montgomery Evans, Nathan Brown. Fence View- 
 <?/'J'— Daniel C. Green, Nathan Brown, Reuben Penhollow. 
 Supervisors from 1823 to 18'/^. 
 
 James Teacher, 1825. Cornelius H. Nicholson, 1826, '27. James Carr, 
 1828, ^29. Gideon Evans, 1830. John Woodward, Jr., 1831 to '34, 1838 
 to '40 — 7 years. Benj. Barnard, 1835 to '37. George J. Phipany, 1841, 
 '42, '43, '47. Jarvis B. Rice, 1844, '45, '46. John F. Farman, 1848 to '53, 
 1858, '59, '60 — 9 years. Mason D. Hatch, '55. Charles B. Green, 1856, '57, 
 '61. John M. Farnham, 1862, '63. Samuel Griffith, 1864, '65, '72, '73. 
 George Waith, 1866, '67. Philip M. Smith, 1868, '69. Gary Briggs, 1870, 
 '71. Theodore A. Ca"se, 1874, '75. 
 
 The first birth in town was that of Simon Lawrence, Jr., in 1817 ; the first 
 ?narriage, that of Rufus Hitchcock and Ranah Hadley, in 1817; the first 
 death, that of Mr. Hitchcock, who fell from a building and was killed, six 
 weeks after his marriage. 
 
 The earliest blacksmith was in the Bentley neighborhood, in the north-east 
 part of the town. For axes the settlers went for a time to Dexter Barnes, 
 where Hartfield now is. 
 
 The first tannery was established about 1828, 2 m. below the village, by 
 Elijah and Elliot Mason, who sold it to their foreman, Philip M. -Smith, by 
 whom it was continued about 20 years. It passed to subsequent proprietors, 
 and was soon after discontinued. A tannery was established by Seth Hussey, 
 and afterwards owned by R. W. Gates, Lewis Leet, and Harvey Nye, and de- 
 stroyed by fire, and never rebuilt. Enoch Jenkins also built a tannery in the 
 village, about 1830, perhaps later, which was continued by him 8 or 10 years. 
 
 The first physician who practiced in Ellington, is said to have been Sands 
 M. Crumb, who resided in Cattaraugus Co. ; afterwards Dr. Wm. Ware, in 
 the east part of the town, Benj. Potwine, JeTemiah Ellsworth and others. 
 Present physicians — James Brooks, N. F. Marsh. 
 
 The first tavern was kept by James Bates in the north-west part of the town ; 
 and he was succeeded in the same place, by Almanson Hadley and Henry 
 McConnell. Taverns were also kept early on the " old Chautauqua road," 
 by Benjamin Follett, afterwards kept by Mrs. French, and another by Joshua 
 Bentley, Sr., near Cattaraugus Co. line. The first tavern in the village was 
 kept by Jeremiah Baldwin, about 1828. The present hotel, by Jay Terry. 
 
384 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 The first store, it is said, was kept by Lewis Holbrook, in the north-east 
 part of the town, on the east line. The next, it is believed, was that of 
 Ruggles and Ingersoll, at Clear Creek village. The first merchants in the 
 village were Elisha and Levi Beardsley, agents of Benj. Vail, of Genesee Co., 
 proprietor. George J. Phipany, from Genesee Co. about 1830, commenced 
 
 trade in partnership with Gates, [firm, Gates & Phipany.] Gates solci 
 
 his interest to Phipany, who, subsequently, alone, and in connection with 
 John F. Farman, [Farman & Phipany,] continued business, until 1839. 
 Present merchants : Dry goods — D. S. Bailey & Son ; John Benedict ; John 
 Case. Hardware — Terry & Devoe. Druggist — James Wheeler & Co. 
 Groceries — Sardius Frisbee, Charles A. Clapp. Groceries and hardware — 
 Daniel Eigenbrodt. Millinery and dry goods — Mrs. Stockwell. 
 
 The first post-office was in the north-west part of the town, in the log house 
 of Benj. FoUett, on lot 40. Mrs. French, early, perhaps first, jJostmaster. 
 The office was removed to the house of Vinal Bates, son of Abner Bates ; 
 thence to Ellington Center. Present postmaster, Charles A. Clapp. 
 
 Ward King built the first grist-mill, [corn cracker,] near the north-west 
 corner of the town, on Dry brook. The next was built by Elisha and Levi 
 Beardsley for Benj. Vail, of Genesee Co., on land previously taken up by 
 Frederic Love, being a part of lot 29, within the present bounds of the 
 village. Another was built by Henry Wheeler on Clear creek, about a mile 
 above Vail's. The first saw-mill was built by Simon Lawrence, on Clear 
 creek, a little above Vail's, about 1820, and before Vail's grist-mill was built. 
 The next was Vail's, near his grist-mill. Both of these mills, or those which 
 replaced them, are still running there. A saw-mill was built early by J.ohn 
 Stafford near the village, on lot 20, on Clear creek. It was injured by floods, 
 and eventually discontinued. A saw-mill was also built or owned by Ira 
 Day, in the east part of the town ; since owned by Philip M. Smith. Henry 
 Wheeler owned a saw-mill on the same site. It was sold to R. & J. Gates, 
 who are mentioned on a map of 1854, as owners of a grist-mill and a saw- 
 mill, lyi m. above the village. On the same map are mentioned the mills 
 of Jonathan Slater, ^ ra. westerly from the village ; of A. Porter, ^ m. 
 above Slater's ; G. L. Gilbert's, on the south line of the town ; V. S. Hale's, 
 a mile above the village ; and J. Freeman's, in the north-west part of the 
 town. 
 
 Joseph Wesley established, about 1864, in the village, a steam planing-mill, 
 with which was connected a cheese hoop and butter firkin manufactory. It 
 was burned in 1873, then owned by Lawrence and Shepardson. Henry 
 Haman built in the village, in 1875, a steam saw-mill, to which is added 
 machinery for planing, matching, and other purposes. 
 
 The first cbth-dressing was done by Lockwood & Co., above the village. 
 Alvah Bates and Joseph B. Nessle afterwards established the carding and 
 cloth-dressing business a little below Vail's mills. Mr. Nessle still resides in 
 the village. 
 
U -^/y- 
 
 A^ 
 
 % 
 
 U^ 
 
 ^^yvt 
 
ELLINGTON. 385 
 
 Biographical and Genealogical. 
 
 John F. Farman, from Augusta, N. Y., came in 1827 to Ellington, and 
 in 1839 commenced the mercantile business, which he continued until i860. 
 He has represented the town in the board of supervisors 10 years. He was 
 married to May, daughter of Ira Day, and resides in the village. He has 
 two sons : Ira, who married Addie Griffith ; resides in the town, and is a 
 farmer; and Erie, in Parker City, Pa.; and two daughters, Mary and Martha, 
 at home. 
 
 Daniel C. Green, from Rensselaer Co., settled, in 1823, on lot 24, where 
 he died in 1847. He had 3 sons : Charles B., James J., and Dewitt C. ; the 
 last two live in Cherry Creek. He was early an apprentice at the millwright 
 business; and has been engaged in the business of glass-blowing at Sandlake, 
 and in ship-carpentry, at Greenbush, N. Y. 
 
 Charles B. Green came to this town at an early date. He studied law 
 with the late James Mullett, in Fredonia ; was admitted as an attorney in the 
 supreme court, and commenced practice in Ellington in 1844, where he still 
 resides. In 1858, he was a member of assembly; was three years supervisor 
 of the town ; and several terms a justice of the court of sessions. He mar- 
 ried, first, Lydia, daughter of Joseph M. Kent, of Cherry Creek, and has two 
 sons, both residing in the village. He married, second, Mrs. Abigail Barnes, 
 of Ellington. 
 
 Ebenezer Green, from Pittsfield, Mass., came to Ellington in 1818, and 
 in 181 9 brought in his wife, and settled, as elsewhere stated [p. 382.] He 
 was born Aug. 12, 1794, and was married to Roxana Francis. They had 12 
 children: Emily, Albert, Francis, Elijah, Keziah, Lorenzo, Emily D., Roxana, 
 Myra, Theron, Lois, William. Emily died in infancy; Theron at 7 years. 
 The others were all married. Albert and Francis died in Ellington ; Elijah 
 lives in Dunkirk ; Keziah, wife of Frank Deming, and William, in Vineland, 
 N. J.; Lorenzo, in Ellington; Emily D., wife of Freebun Corey, in Mass.; 
 Roxaiia, wife of Hawley Smith, and Myra, wife of Frank Staples, both in 
 Union, Pa. ; and Lois, wife of Frank Bartholomew, in Titusville, Pa. Eben- 
 ezer Green married, in i860, a second wife, Mrs. Betsey Ann Grover. 
 
 Philip M. Smith was bom in Providence, R. I., May 7, 1805, and re- 
 moved with his father to Dutchess Co., and from Madison Co. to Chautau- 
 qua, in 1828. He worked in Mason's tannery at Clear Creek settlement a 
 number of years, and was afterwards engaged in the several occupations of 
 milling, lumbering, and farming, the last of which he has continued to the 
 present time. He has resided several times alternately in Ellington, and in 
 Connewango, Cattaraugus Co. He held in that county the office of super- 
 visor in 1833 and '34, and held also the office of justice of the peace. He 
 was supervisor of Ellington in 1868 and '69. He was active, in 1863 and 
 '64, officially and in personal eifort, in providing the means of carrying on 
 the war. He resides on the farm formerly owned by Dr. Ware, half a mile 
 west of Clear Creek post-office. He was married in this town, July 4, 1830, 
 25 
 
386 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 to Harriet A. Nichols, and had by her 3 sons and 7 daughters, of whom only 
 four survived the period of infancy: i. Jacob Albert, born April 23, r83i, 
 and died January 14, i860. 2. Eliza Ruby, born Oct. 20, 1835 ; died Feb. 
 3, 1851. 3. Maria Elizabeth, born Dec. 14, 1837, and was married to 
 Andrew Ingraham, who was killed in the late war, at the battle of the Wil- 
 derness. She died in October, i866, having no children living. 4. Mary 
 Gertrude, bom Aug. 11, 1843; is the wife of Thomas B. Woodworth; 
 resides at Caseville, Mich., and has 3 sons living. Mrs. Harriet A. Smith died 
 May 7, 1848. Mr. Smith married, second, Feb. 8, 1859, Nancy J. Hamilton, 
 daughter of Harvey Hamilton, deceased, formerly of this town. She was 
 bom Dec. 21, 1835 ; and has 2 children : Elizabeth A., bom Oct. i, i860 ; 
 and Philip M., born Nov. 24, 1868. 
 
 George Waith, a son of Rev. Wm. Waith, was bom in England ; came 
 with his father from Cattaraugus Co. to the village of Ellington, in 18 — , and 
 still resides there. He enlisted in the late war as a private in the 8th com- 
 pany of sharpshooters, and returned as ist lieutenant, having served 3 years. 
 He has since been twice elected supervisor — 1866 and 1867. 
 
 John White was bom in Washington Co., July 3, 1797. He removed to 
 Genesee Co., and thence, in 1833, to Ellington, one mile south of the village, 
 where he now resides. His grand parents were from the north part of Ire- 
 land, usually distinguished as the "Scotch Irish." He married Margaret 
 McKnight, by whotn he had 7 children : Andrew, Maria, David, James, 
 Elizabeth, John, and William. Andrew, James, and John reside at Randolph. 
 Elizabeth, married, lives in Franklinville. David, and Maria, the wife of 
 Ebenezer F. Green, reside in the town. William died in the army. Mr. 
 White married a second wife, Sarah Curtis, who had 3 children : Jane, Wal- 
 ter, and George, who is married, and is with his father on the homestead. 
 
 Andrew P. White, brother of John, was bom in Washington Co., July 
 30, 1806 ; and after a short residence in Genesee Co., came to this county 
 in 1834, and settled in the south-west part of the town, where Wnrf Risley 
 resides ; and removed, in 1853, to his present residence in the village. He 
 held for the term of three years the .office of commissioner of common 
 schools for the eastem assembly district. lir 1855-56, he was a clerk in the 
 office of secretary of state of the state of New York ; and was for 9 years — 
 1863 to 1873 — a clerk in the treasury department at Washington; and for 
 many years an inspector and town superintendent of schools in Ellington. 
 He married Amelia Lathrop, in Bethany, Jan. 2, 1835, who was bom Feb. 
 20, 1813. Their children are : i. Margaret E., wife of Daniel S. Swan, who 
 resides in Randolph. 2. Mary L., who married Rev. John H. Dillingham, 
 and resides at Paola, Kansas. 3. Agnes, wife of Robert Boyd, of Greeley, 
 Colorado. 4. Charles A. 
 
 Churches. 
 
 The Christian Church of Ellington (then Gerry) was organized July 13, 
 1823, and was composed of seven members : Ira Gates, Noel C. Gates, 
 Simon Lawrence, Clarissa Gates, Polly Gates. [It is believed that the first 
 
ELLINGTON. • 387 
 
 and third of the following named officers make up the seven original mem- 
 bers.] Freeman Walden and Elisha Beardsley were chosen elders ; Seth S. 
 Chase, deacon. No articles of faith were adopted ; the members simply 
 agreeing " to take the Scriptures of the Old and New Testaments for the 
 rule of faith and practice at all times." From the time of the organization, 
 for about ten years, the records are meagre, containing little else than the 
 record of members received, and dismissions. Among the ministers who 
 have served the church were Walden, Stephen Blaisdell. The meet- 
 ing-house was built about 1835. It was repaired in 1859, and dedicated 
 anew, Jan. 5, i860 ; sermon by E. B. Rollins. 
 
 The Congregational Church of Ellington was organized Feb. 4, 1828, at 
 the house of Lucretia French, in the north part of the town — Rev. Wm. J. 
 Wilcox, moderator of the meeting ; Benj. Ellsworth, clerk. The candidates 
 presenting themselves for membership were : James Bates, Benj. Ellsworth, 
 Israel Carpenter, Aaron Merrill, Josiah D. Bates, Lucretia French, Calista 
 Ellsworth, Harriet Spear, Nancy Bates, Polly Landon. In March, Otis Page 
 was received by letter, and elected a deacon. There were admitted, in addi- 
 tion to the above, during the year 1828: Elizabeth Altenburg, Elizabeth 
 Vader, Timothy Gross, Warren Mansfield, Wm. Ware, and Sally his wife, 
 Daniel Bush, and Jane his wife, Mrs. A. B. Farman. In 1830, Daniel Bush 
 was chosen deacon. In 1842, a house of worship was built. The first min- 
 ister was Rev. Wm. J. Wilcox ; term of service not definitely stated. Rev. Wm. 
 Waith, from April, 1840, to August 30, 1847. He was succeeded by S. W. 
 Edson, Wm. Todd, Charles A. Keeler, David Powell, Wm. D. Henry, W. J. 
 Hunt, Henry Benson, H. O. Howland, Mr. Olds, the present pastor. This 
 church was at first connected with, or represented in, the Buffalo Presbytery. 
 This connection was subsequently dissolved. During the ministry of Rev. 
 Wm. Waith, its government was changed to Presbyterian ; and was after- 
 wards changed to its present form, purely Congregational. 
 
 The Free-will Baptist Church of Ellington was organized in 1828, by Elder 
 Amos C. Andrus, a traveling preacher, who was the first minister. It was 
 composed of eight members, who, with those who united soon after, were : 
 
 Julius Dewey, John R. Felt, Joseph Seekins, and their wives ; Wheeler ; 
 
 Marsh and wife ; Adolphus Howard and wife, [from near SinclairvUle ;] 
 
 Jeremiah Baldwin, Comfort Carpenter, and their wives ; and Daniel Hadley. 
 The first settled pastor was Francis B. Tanner, who served *he church about 
 
 20 years. After him were : Jones, Elder Lighthall, Daniel McCoon, 
 
 Benj. McCoon, and Higbee. Present minister, A. P. Cook. The first 
 
 deacon was Enoch Wallace ; present deacons, Winthrop Johnson, Boss. 
 
 The church edifice was built in 1840, as is said by the only surviving original 
 member, or, as others think, a few years later. 
 
388 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 FRENCH CREEK. 
 
 French Creek was formed from Clyraer, April 23, 1829. It is the south- 
 west comer town in the county. Its surface is hilly, and broken by the 
 valleys of French creek and its tributaries. The main stream enters the 
 town on the north line, on lot 24, about 2 miles from the north-east corner 
 of the town, and, running in a south-westerly direction, leaves the town on 
 lot 58, entering the state of Pennsylvania about i J^ miles north of the south- 
 west corner of the town. This •stream, in its zigzag course, is a great annoy- 
 ance to the inhabitants, on account of the height to which the water rises in 
 times of freshets, requiring four large bridges to accommodate the public. 
 The town, in the main, is cut by its valleys into three ridges ; two running 
 nearly east and west, separated by the Beaver Meadow valley ; the other 
 ridge running north and south, and separated from the former by the valley 
 of French creek. These ridges rise, in some places, to the height of about 
 250 feet. Most of their sides is tillable, and well adapted to grazing; but 
 some places are steep and heavily timbered ; and one or two show the rocks, 
 ivhich underlie them, to be of the sandstone variety, from which some good 
 building stone will probably be taken. 
 
 The soil of this town varies from a heavy clay to a gravelly loam ; but is 
 .Tiostly a heavy clay loam, though there are small deposits of muck along 
 some parts of the creek. The hill tops are generally wet, being underlaid by 
 stiff, hard clay, impregnated, more or less, with a solution or oxide of iron. 
 
 The French creek flat varies in width, from a pass but little wider than the 
 bed of the stream, to about three-fourths of a mile, and is about 3 miles long. 
 The beaver meadow flat is so called from the appearance of its having been 
 occupied by beavers. The meadow was covered with alders. There are many 
 pine and balsam of fir trees along the edges, and on what were islands at the 
 time it was occupied by the beavers. In the south part of the town is 
 another beaver meadow, a small one, — on lot 9, the dam of which is quite 
 perfect. The water from this meadow flows into the stream known as Hare 
 creek, which takes a southerly course into Pennsylvania. There was a third 
 beaver meadow on the west branch of the creek, on lot 47, where the remains 
 of the beavers' dam are yet to be seen. 
 
 This town is Isetter adapted to dairying than to any other branch of agri- 
 culture. Its cool nights and heavy dews have a tendency to keep the grass 
 in better condition than the drier and more agreeable climate of the lake 
 shore country, though many of the fruits can not be raised here, on account 
 of the frost, which, in some years, makes its visits every month, though this 
 is not common. 
 
 Near the south-west comer of lot 9 is a curious place, called the "Possum," 
 [a contraction of opossum,] because of its deceptive appearance. Its first 
 appearance is that of a circular meadow perfectly level, with a small pond 
 in the center. On stepping upon it, however, you imagine yourself sinking. 
 
FRENCH CREEK. 389 
 
 The ground trembles for yards around you; the water begins to gather around 
 your feet, and yon feel sure you are sinking. But, although the ground yields 
 at every step, there is little danger of being submerged. The place proves to 
 be a basin filled with water, over which — except a piece about 80 or 100 feet 
 in diameter — low bush cranberries, mosses of several kinds, and several kinds 
 of water plants have grown, all forming a covering strong enough, in most 
 places, to bear up a person. This basin was fabled as bottomless ; but it 
 proves to be only 30 feet deep. Jt has no surface outlet or inlet, and is 
 nearly surrounded by land from 12 to 20 feet higher than the water, except a 
 narrow space on the west side. The basin is about 260 yards in diameter. 
 
 On the side of the ridge, on the north side of the beaver meadow, on lot 
 21, is a spring formerly called a sulphur spring. From this spring flow small 
 quantities of heavy coal oil, or petroleum. A well was sunk near it in the 
 hope of finding oil. The work was done at long intervals, and a depth of 
 1,500 feet was finally reached without success. It is thought, however, that, 
 had the work been properly done and tested at the proper time, a satisfactory 
 result might have been had, as there were sundry favorable indications. 
 
 The timber of this town was hemlock, beech, and maple, interspersed with 
 cucumber, ash, cherry, basswood, and some pine on the flats, and a few scat- 
 tering large pines on some of the upland. There was- considerable pine on 
 lot 3, also on lot 20, and in the north part of the French creek valley. There 
 is a pine tree on lot 12, which is 27 feet in circumference. It had three prongs, 
 one of which is broken off, showing the tree to have been nearly 200 feet high. 
 There is some indication of there having been three trees ; but they had grown 
 together so perfectly as to make it questionable. 
 
 Mr. Turner, in his history, gives the following as the names of the persons, 
 or some of the persons, who took contracts in township i, range 15, in the 
 year 1812, though not all settled on their lands the same year, and some of 
 them, probably, never occupied them : Roswell Coe, Amon Beebe, Alanson 
 Root, Abraham Pier, Andy Noble, Aaron Barney, Daniel Frisbee, George 
 Hascall. » 
 
 The following are the names of persons having taken contracts for land 
 at the dates mentioned ; the dates, however, not in all cases corresponding 
 with the years of their settlement in the town. 
 
 Original Purchases in Township i, Range ij. 
 
 181 2. April, Amon Beebe, 45. Roswell Coe, 39. Alanson Root, 46. 
 Andy Noble, 44. May, Abraham Pier, 38. July, Zadok Root, 39. Aug., 
 Aaron Barney, 45. 
 
 1815. February, Andy Noble, 45. October, George Haskell, 45. 
 
 1816. March, Nathaniel Thompson, 31. Gardner Cleveland, Jr., 31. 
 Paul Colbum, 52. September, Parley Bloss, 46. 
 
 1817. April, William Thompson, 31. May, Gardner Cleveland, Jr., 39. 
 
 182 1. October, Benjamin Whitney, 64. Francis W. Colbum, 3. Nov., 
 William Thompson, 3. Silas Terry, 2. 
 
 1822. September, Wm. Thompson, 3. George Adams, 43. 
 
 1823. October, William O. Graves, 32. November, Truman Terry, 2. 
 
390 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 1824. October, David Curtis, 16. December, Stephen Bemis, 4. 
 
 1825. March, Samuel French, 11. Nathaniel Thompson, 3. April, 
 Harvey Kellogg, 13. December, Leonard Greeley, 2. 
 
 1826. January or February, Elisha Freeman, 24. March, Alexander 
 Wilson, Jr., 23. April, Harvey Kellogg, 14. 
 
 1827. April, William Hooker, 13, 15, 22. June, William Hooker, 3r. 
 William Hooker, Jr., 39. 
 
 1829. March, Isaiah Golding, 53. June, Ashbel Goodrich, 40. Oct., 
 David Rhodes, 4. 
 
 1830. February, Samuel French, 10. March, Parley Bloss, 35. July, 
 Isaiah Golding, 37. Sept., Daniel Dean, 51. Nov., Warren A. Street, 20. 
 
 1 83 1. March, Josiah Willis, 5. April, Alexander Wilson, Jr., 30. 
 Joseph Austin, 18. June, Stephen Loveless, 21. Alfred White and Wm. 
 H. White, 22, 29. 
 
 Parley Bloss and his family came from Pembroke, Genesee Co., in 1815, 
 a'nd settled on lot 46. He made a cart with a short axletree, which permit- 
 ted his driving more easily among the trees and over rough ground, and with 
 which he went to Union, Penn., to mill. This trip generally required three 
 days' time, and more, if he were obliged to take his turn after many that 
 were ahead of him. Some depended almost entirely on wild game for their 
 meat. This was plenty; and the streams abounded with trout. He caught 
 a pickerel in Finley's pond 5 feet 6 inches in length. In 181 7, Mr. Bloss 
 killed two bears, one of which weighed over 400 pounds. The meat was 
 considered equal to the best pork. The only produce that could be sold for 
 cash was black salts, for which $5 per 100 pounds were then paid. Money 
 received for salts and wolf bounties, was all that settlers had to pay taxes and 
 procure necessaries which could not be got on credit or for barter. He did 
 some surveying with a pocket compass, and a piece of rope instead of a sur- 
 veyor's chain. He was the first highway commissioner in French Creek. He 
 died in 1852, in his 7Sth year. He had 10 children — 7 sons and 3 daughters: 
 Aden, Parley, William, Reuben, Calvin, Richard, Benjamin ; Hannah Caro- 
 line, Sarah, and Marietta. 
 
 William Bloss, who now lives on lot 25, was a noted wood-chopper and 
 marksman. He is about 5 feet 9 inches high ; his girth is 39}^ in., and his 
 usual weight 180 to 190 pounds. He once shot at a buck's head, (ijiat being 
 the only visible part of the deer,) at a distance of 22 rods, off hand, and 
 killed him. At another time, he shot, off hand, a deer over 60 rods off. 
 The ground was measured by Parley Bloss and Paul Colbum. His skill was 
 acquired by shooting at pumpkins rolling down hill. Before he was 16 years 
 old, he says, he shot a buck whose quarters weighed 200 pounds, wounding 
 him in the neck so as to cause his head to drop forward. Not wishing to 
 lose so valuable a deer, and not knowing Just the nature of the wound, the 
 young hero mounted the buck and took him by the horns, thinking he could 
 hold him. A struggle ensued, in which William, in attempting to " knife " 
 the deer, lost not only his Spanish dirk, but most of his clothing, and only 
 succeeded in mastering his game by seizing a club and striking him on the 
 head. He was so badly bruised as to be unable to work for a week. 
 
FRENCH CREEK. 39 1 
 
 When William was 19 years old, he and his brother Reuben had the use 
 of their father's open-sighted flint-lock rifle, eaeh of them half the time 
 during the winter. From the falling of the first snow till the first of January, 
 William shot 49 deer. He made a business of felling and trimming the trees, 
 piling the brush, and fitting the timber for logging, at the rate of an acre in 
 4 days of good weather. He cut 8 cords of 3^ feet wood in one day of 10 
 hours, and split one-half of the same. This was done for N. G. Case, who 
 lived on lot 19, and done on a strife with Joseph Austin, who cut 6 cords in 
 8 hours, but was obliged to stop, on account of having drunk some hard 
 cider after a drink of brandy, which, with the excessive labor, made him 
 sick, not drunk. At the age of 19, Bloss cut and split, on a wager, between 
 Andy Noble and a man from Mayville, one cord of green beech, 3 feet long, 
 in 55 minutes by the watch. And he cut 6, cords of black ash, 4 feet long, 
 in less than 4 hours. This was done at Harbor Creek, on a bet of $50, of 
 which he received $10. In 1870, at the age of 60, he walked one mile, cut 
 3j^ cords of 22 inch wood, (having felled the trees from which it was cut, in 
 41^ hours.) There are many smiling acres in this town, which, if they could 
 speak, would thank his sinewy arms for the sunshine they receive. At the age 
 of 34, he married Mary Ann Thompson, aged 16, with whom he now lives. 
 
 Caroline Bloss, sister of William, was a spinster of unusual ability, often 
 spinning two days' work, [4 run,] in a single day. She married a Colbum, 
 and removed to Ohio. 
 
 Samuel French, with his wife and five sons, settled on lot 11, in 1825. 
 The names of the boys were : Healy, Russel, Hiram, Prescott, and Franklin. 
 On the afternoon of April 18, 1826, the two youngest, Prescott, aged 5, and 
 Franklin, aged 3 years, started to go to Nathaniel Thompson's on the middle 
 part of lot 3, by a path through the woods, distant about i % miles. Coming 
 to a clearing and seeing no house, they turned about, and strayed from the 
 path, and were lost in the woods. Night came on, and they laid down by 
 the roots of a large tree. In the meantime a search was commenced, the 
 neighbors were rallied, and with torches and lanterns the hunt was continued 
 until midnight, when the search was for the time abandoned. The hunters 
 were themselves lost in the dense forest, and found themselves always returning 
 to the point from which they started. The next morning the search was 
 resumed with an additional number of the inhabitants, and continued until 
 night without success. A cold rain had come on, and the howling of wolves 
 was heard in the direction the children were supposed to have taken, their 
 tracks having been seen in the ashes of a sugar camp near Mr. Thompson's 
 clearing. On Sunday morning, about 200 persons having assembled, a 
 captain and a lieutenant were chosen, whose orders the company agreed to 
 obey, and a line was formed along the highway from Clymer west ; the east 
 end of the line to be on the town line, and the men to keep about 4 rods 
 apart. They were to march north across the valley; then to move westward 
 the length of the line, and march south to the road fi-om which they started. 
 Thus they were to march and scour the woods by course, and not to speak 
 
392 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 a word nor fire a gun until the children were found. After crossing and 
 recrossing the valley till they had reached the north side, on lot 20, a council 
 was called ; and it was agreed, that, as the next time across would take them 
 as far west as it was possible for the children to go, if they did not find them 
 before reaching the other side, another council should be held. When they 
 had gone about half way across the alder bottom, the man at the west end 
 of the line, stooping to tie his shoe, looking backward under his right arm, 
 saw the head of one of the boys, who stood trying to pull the bark from a 
 moose-wood twig. He raised his head, and shouted : " I have found them !" 
 The shout was carried along the whole line, and guns and horns announced 
 to the anxious waiters the joyful tidings. The younger boy was lying, insen- 
 sible, at the roots of a small pine which they had reached the night before. 
 They had tasted nothing, except some leek leaves, which were too strong to 
 be eaten. John Heath and Wm. Tyler now started to see which of them 
 should first carry the news to the anxious mother. Heath reached the door 
 a few steps ahead, crying: " Found them both alive !" and fell, exhausted, 
 on the floor. The boys lived to become men. 
 
 In the south east part of the town, Silas Terry settled on lot 2, bought in 
 1821, where he resided until 1855, when he removed to Clymer. [See 
 sketch.] Wm. Thompson and his brother Nathaniel bought parts of lot 31, 
 but soon removed to lot 3, where they settled permanently. William resided 
 there until his death. Three sons are living : Elijah, on land adjoining the 
 homestead ; William, in Minnesota ; George, in the south part of the town. 
 He had 4 daughters ; two are living. John B. Tyler settled on lot 3, about 
 1848 ; and originally occupied by Thomas Bemus. His eldest son, Laveme, 
 enlisted in the late war as a private ; was promoted to lieutenant, and was killed 
 in the Wilderness campaign, before he attained majority. Alton, another son, 
 resides in town. Ira Gleason, fi-om Sharon, Conn., removed to Madison Co., 
 N. Y., in 1810; and thence to French Creek in 1831, and settled on lot 10, 
 where he resided till he died in 1839, aged 68 years. His children were : 
 Ira F., David L., and Esther J., wife of Horace Baker, and resides in French 
 Creek. Ira F. removed to Clymer. [See history of Clymer.] Nehemiah 
 Royce settled on lot 19, in 1825; the land originally purchased by Darius 
 H. Rice, where he now resides. Mr. Royce was supervisor of the town 7 
 years. He has 3 sons : William L., who is married and lives near his father; 
 Dana F., and Willie B., both unmarried, and live at home. 
 
 In the south-west part of the town, Rensselaer W. Kennedy settled about 
 twenty years ago, on lot 59, near French creek, where he now resides. He 
 is a son of Dr. Thos. R. Kennedy, of Meadville, Pa., original owner of mills 
 at Kennedy and Worksburg. ' 
 
 In the north part of the town, Roswell Coe settled on lot 39, bought in 
 181 2, and died there. He had a large family. Two sons, Philonzo and 
 Birdsall, reside near the old farm. Alfred White, from Minerva, Essex Co., 
 settled on lot 22, bought in 1831, and died there. James B., the only one 
 of the children living in town, is on lot 39. 
 
FRENCH CREEK. 393 
 
 Who was the earliest settler in French Creek, can not be affirmed with 
 certainty. The State Gazetteer says Andy Noble, from Oswego Co., made 
 the first settlement on lot 44, in 181 2 ; John Cleveland, on lot 31, in 181 2 ; 
 and Roswell Coe, on lot 39, and Nathaniel Thompson, on lot 9, both in 
 1813; and Paul Colbum, from Oneida Co., in 18 14. The Chautauqua 
 County Gazetteer and Directory names Andy Noble as the first settler, on 
 lot 44, in iSti ; John Cleveland, on lot 31, 181 2; and it places Nathaniel 
 Thompson on lot 9 ; Coe, on lot 39; Colbum, on lot 44 — all three in 1813 ; 
 and Amon Beebe and Gardner Cleveland, the same year. The authors of 
 both these Gazetteers collected their statements from residents in the town ; 
 yet they differ materially. This is another illustration of the unreliability of 
 authors, who print the statements hastily collected by their canvassers. The 
 writer of this history has not made this question a subject of particular 
 inquiry, in this town. He would simply direct the reader to the list of origi- 
 nal purchases, on another page. The dates of these purchases do not in all 
 cases agree with the dates of settlement ; but it is presumed that, in most 
 cases, the settlement is made in the year of the purchase. Nathaniel 
 Thompson does not appear at all, from the Land Company's books, as 
 having articled any part of lot 9. If he ever owned any part of it, he is not 
 a first purchaser,- unless he purchased for cash down, and took a deed. 
 He may have purchased the article of another, in which case his own name 
 would not appear. That Andy Noble settled as early as 181 1, is not proba- 
 ble. Nor is it probable that there is any settler living, who can decide the 
 question of first settlement. 
 
 The first town-meeting was held in March, 1830, at the fiouse of Wm. 
 Hooker. The officers named below were elected : 
 
 Supervisor — Alexander Wilson. Town Ckrk — Isaiah Golding. Assess- 
 ors — John Gotham, Nathaniel Thompson, Silas W. Hatfield. Collector — 
 William Thompson. Overseers of Poor — Paul Colbum, Augustus Belles. 
 Com'rs of Highways — Parley Bloss, John Gotham, Royal Herrick. Com'rs 
 of Schools — Wm. Hooker, S. O. Colbum, Eli Belknap. Inspectors of Schools 
 — D. H. Peck, A. Noble, Ephraim Dean. Constables — Wm. Thompson, 
 ' George Adams. Justice — Ephraim Dean. 
 
 Supervisors from 1830 to 1875. 
 
 Alexander Wilson, Jr., 1830 to '32. Nathaniel Thompson, 1833. Ira F. 
 Gleason, 1834 to '37 — 4 years. Daniel Hooker, 1838. Philo S. Hawley, 
 1839 to '42, and 1852 — 5 years. David L. Gleason, 1843. Silas Terry, 
 1844, '45, '48. Nehemiah Royce, 1846, '47, '49, '51, '52, '54, '55—7 years. 
 Thos. D. Jones, 1850. John SUter, 1856. Marvin Hooker, 1857. Stephen 
 W. Steward, 1858. Hibbard P. Fenton, 1859, '60. Reuben J. Beach, 1861, 
 '62. Almond S. Park, 1863. Lawyer S. Terry, 1864, '65. Dana P. Hor- 
 ton, 1866, '67. James A. Merry, 1868, '69. Dexter M. Hapgood, 1870. 
 Henry R. Case, 1871, '72. John Jones, 1873. Holland R. Parsons, 1874. 
 John Jones, 1875. 
 
 The first school in this to\vn was taught by Polly Forbes, in 18 17. The 
 
394 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 first death was that of a child of J. Inglesby, in 1818, buried on lot 39, on 
 land now owned by Philonzo Coe. The second death was that of Joseph 
 Forbes, in 1818, who was about 30 years of age. He was buried on lot 39, 
 the site of the present burying ground. The third death was that of William, 
 son of Nathaniel Thompson, aged 3 years. 
 
 These statements differ from those in the State Gazetteer and the County 
 Gazetteer and Directory ; the author of the latter having probably copied 
 chiefly from the former. Their informants, however, may have been more 
 nearly correct than our own. 
 
 According to the State Gazetteer, the first tavern was kept by Wm. Graves, 
 who built Xhe first grist-mill, both in 1822 ; and the first store wa.s kept in one 
 end of the grist-mill, by John Dodge. 
 
 The population of French Creek in 1870 was 973, which is less than that 
 of any other town, except Kiantone. There are two post-offices : French 
 Creek, in the north part of the town, and Marvin, in the south-west .part. 
 
 There is, in the north part of the town, a steam saw and shingle mill, which 
 is said to give employment to six persons, and to turn out 2,000 feet of lum- 
 ber, and 8,000 shingles, in ten hours. 
 
 Biographical and Genealogical. 
 
 Samuel French, from Ontario Co. in 1825, settled on lot n, where he 
 resided until his death, March, 1861. He had 5 sons : Samuel H., removed 
 to Wisconsin; Hiram A., killed by falling into a well at the age of 16; 
 William R., on the old place, with his brother Fredus ; Edward P., in Wis- 
 consin ; Frediis Franklin, who owns and occupies the old farm. There were 
 two daughters : Cornelia, who married Columbus Sessions ; removed to Wis- 
 consin, where she died, leaving 3 sons ; he and his sons reside in Clymer ; 
 Samantha, married, and lives in Wisconsin. 
 
 David L. Gleason and his brother Ira F., from Madison Co., settled on 
 lot 10, previously located by their father, Ira Gleason. Deeds were taken 
 by the sons, who were followed the next year by their parents, Ira Gleason 
 and wife, in 1831. The father died in 1839, aged 68 years; and his wife 
 soon after. Ira F. Gleason removed, Ln 1837, to Clymer village. [See Cly- 
 mer.] David L. Gleason died on the old farm. A son, Marcus B., resides'on 
 a part of the farm. Aurelius Lawrence, his second son, is principal of a semi- 
 nary, at Lansing, Mich. Ira M., another son, has a part of the homestead. 
 
 Isaiah Goulding, from Stafford, Genesee Co., in 1828, settled, with his 
 family, on lot 45, on land now owned by his son Lorenzo. He had 6 chil- 
 dren, 3 sons, Lorenzo, Isaiah, and Samuel, and 3 daughters. He was the 
 first town clerk, and second postmaster, which office he held about 1 5 years. 
 Lorenzo brought the nails, glass, butts and screws that were used in building 
 their house, in a saddle-bag, on horseback, from Mayville. It then required 
 two days to make the trip. Isaiah Goulding, Sr., died in 1830, aged 79. 
 Lorenzo' married Nancy Johnson, of Erie, and owns the homestead. Isaiah, 
 Jr., married Amanda Maxwell, of Wattsburg, Penn., where they reside. 
 
FRENCH CREEK. 395 
 
 Silas Terry was bom in Wells, Vt., Feb. 18, 1800, and removed with 
 his father, in 1805, to Onondaga Co.; thence, in 1816, to Hannony, near 
 Blockville, where, in 182 1, he married Polly Powers, and removed to French 
 Creek, lot 2, where he resided until 1855, when he removed to Clymer, 
 where he now resides, in the village. While in French Creek, he held the 
 office of justice of the peace for 16 years ; and was collector for 5 years — 
 one year while Clymer contained the four townships of which it was origi- 
 nally formed ; and the first four years, after Mina, including Sherman, had 
 been taken off. The amount of tax collected by him the first year, in the 
 four townships, was about $800. He was also supervisor of French Creek, 
 3 years — in 1844, '45, '48. And in 1849 he was a member of assembly. 
 He had 9 children : i. Marilla C, wife of Harry Sessions, who died in 
 Iowa ; she resides with her father. 2. Lawyer S., who married, first, Laura 
 Moses, who died in 1864; second, Nellie Durand, of Westfield; they reside 
 in French Creek. 3. Mary R., wife of Walter L. Sessions. 4. Katharine, 
 wife of John C. Moses, now a bookseller in Clinton, Iowa. Both were 
 graduates of the Normal School, Albany. 5. Naomi A., wife of Amasa C. 
 Moses, school commissioner ist district, in 1856 ; resides at Great Bend, 
 Barton Co., Kansas. 6. Harvey P., who married Mary Frink, and resides in 
 Fremont, Minn. 7. Donna Martha, wife of John M. Lycan, and resides at 
 Toledo, O. 8. Seward H., captain company G, 49th regiment, killed in the 
 late war, at Spottsylvania C. H. 9. Cassius M., married Emily Hitchcock, 
 and is now pastor of a Congregational church in St. Paul. 
 
 Churches. 
 
 The Baptist Church was formed in 182 1, and was the first organized church 
 in the town. Their first meetings were held in a log school-house on lot 54, 
 near the present residence of John Jones. Among the first members were 
 
 Roswell Coe, William Adams and wife, Nathaniel Thompson and wife, 
 
 Famsworth and wife, A. M. Higgins and wife, Wm. Thompson and wife, and 
 Amon Beebe. The ministers officiating at its organization were Elder Gillet 
 and Elder Alford. In consequence of the removal fi-om the town of a large 
 portion of its members, the church was continued but a few years. Another 
 Baptist church was formed in 1844 or 1845, which, after a brief existence, 
 became extinct. A third was formed in 1856, which also has ceased to exist. 
 
 A Christian Church was organized in 1831, bv Elder Jerry Knowles, with 
 a membership of about 24, among whom were H. Bloss, Calvin Bloss, Mrs. 
 Hubbard Bowles, and others. The ceremony of washing feet was hterally 
 observed in this church. 
 
 The Methodist Episcopal Church was organized in the north-west part of 
 the town, in 1830, by Rev. J. K. Hallock and Rev. J. Chandler, who were 
 the first two pastors. The first members were Isaiah and Betsey Golding, 
 and William and Amy Adams. Moses Olds and wife, and Mrs. Bowles, also 
 united at the same time, or soon after. Their first and only house of worship 
 stands on lot 46. It was finished in 1867. The society received 50 acres 
 
396 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 of land from the Holland Land Company. This land, like similar donations 
 in other towns, was generally called "gospel land." It was a part of lot 30, 
 and was sold by order of the county court, on a petition of the church ; and 
 the proceeds were applied to the building of a house of worship. 
 
 GERRY. 
 
 Gerry was formed from Pomfret, June i, 1812, and comprised townships 
 3 and 4, of the loth and nth ranges. Ellington, including Cherry Creek, 
 was taken from Gerry in 1824, and Charlotte in 1829. Gerry comprises the 
 3d township of the nth range. The surface is a hilly upland, the highest 
 summits being 900 feet above Lake Erie. The soil is a clay loam on the 
 uplands, and a sandy loam in the valleys. The principal stream is the Cas- 
 sadaga creek, which runs south-easterly through the south-west quarter of the 
 town. Mill creek, running south-westerly through the north-west corner, 
 enters the Cassadaga near the west line of the town. There are several 
 smaller tributaries to the Cassadaga within this town. There are in it also 
 several sulphur springs. 
 
 The first settlement was made in i8io. Amos Atkins came to Chautauqua 
 lake, near William Bemus', about r8o8, probably from Vermont. Being con- 
 nected with a surveying party, he selected two lots, one for himself, and one 
 for his brother-in-law, Stephen Jones, early in the spring of 1810. Jones 
 settled upon his land, on lot 47, which comprised the present farm of George 
 S. and Benj. L. Harrison. He built a log house about a mile south of Sin- 
 clairville, which was the first habitation erected in the town. The first birth 
 occurred in the family of Mr. Jones. Atkins afterwards, the same year, built 
 a log house upon his land, which was the farm subsequently owned by John 
 Love. The house stood where the present dwelling on the Love farm stands. 
 Atkins was, in 1814, supervisor of the original town of Gerry. In 1815, his 
 wife Clarinda died ; this was the first death in the town. Atkins and Jones 
 afterwards moved to the Far West. Later in the year 1810, William and 
 James Gilmore, from Madison Co., took up land upon lot 56, and built a 
 log house on the farm now owned by Fordyce Sylvester, near the Sinclairville 
 railroad depot. Melzer Sylvester, brother-in-law of the Gilmores, and father 
 of Fordyce and Henry Sylvester, came in 1811, and settled between Sin- 
 clairville and the depot. Hugh B. Paterson, also a brother-in-law of Melzer 
 Sylvester and the Gilmores, came to Fredonia in 1808, and in the spring of 
 i8ir to Gerry, and took up 62 acres between Sinclairville and the d^pot, 
 where he built a house which, in October, was burned to the ground, with all 
 his household goods. The next day he and his neighbors erected another in 
 its place. Hugh B. Paterson was born in Washington Co., in 1787, and was 
 for many years supervisor of Gerry. During the early years of the settle- 
 ment of the town, he was a leading and influential citizen. He afterwards 
 removed to Wisconsin, where he recently died at an advanced age. 
 
GERRY. 397 
 
 During the year 1811, the old Chautauqua road, leading from Mayville to 
 EUicottville, was cut through the northern part of the town. In 18 14 and 
 
 181 5, bridges were built; and the road was otherwise improved. It became 
 the route by which, to some extent, settlers came in from the East, and by 
 which communication was had with Genesee county. The present road that 
 leads from Sinclairville, by the ddpot, to the Cassadaga creek, was also laid 
 out about the same time, under the direction of Major Sinclear and Hugh 
 B. Paterson. It was continued along the town line between Gerry and EUery 
 to Jamestown, and constituted the first means of direct communication that 
 Jamestown had, by highway, with Sinclairville and the northern part of the 
 county. Elijah Haswell, a son-in-law of Major Sinclear, settled on this road, 
 and a little later, Cornelius DeLong, who built a house where James Mc- 
 Alister now resides ; and who afterwards participated in the battle of Buffalo, 
 in December, 18 13, and was severely wounded in the head by a grape shot 
 He was assisted 8 or 10 miles up the lake by his comrades towards his home, 
 when, unable to proceed further, he was taken in charge by his neighbor and 
 fellow-soldier, Elisha Tower, of EUery, and well cared for by him at the cabin 
 of a settler. DeLong unexpectedly recovered, and returned to his house in 
 Gerry. He afterwards moved to the West, received a captain's commission, 
 and participated in the Black Hawk war in 1832. 
 
 Jesse Dexter early settled on the farm of John Almy, on this iroad, at the 
 town line. Zaccheus Norton and David Cobb also settled early on this road. 
 John Love, who had been living in the town of EUery, purchased, about the 
 year 181 2, the land owned by Amos Atkins on the old Chautauqua road, 
 and there kept an inn for many years. He was well known in his lifetime, 
 and died on his farm. Ichabod Russell, Abner Comstock, and Seth Grover, 
 were also early settlers on this road. Capt Abner Dingley, in May or June, 
 
 18 1 6, settled in the southern limits of SinclairvUle, on lot 48. 
 
 Although several families had settled upon these lands, thus opened along 
 the extreme western, and through the northern borders of the town, prior to 
 1815, no person had penetrated the dense wilderness that covered the rest 
 of the town, to make a settlement. The central, eastern, and southern por- 
 tions remained for several years an unbroken wilderness. A dense forest of 
 beech and maple trees covered the hills, while pine, hemlock, and other 
 evergreens, grew densely in the valleys and the high lands along their borders. 
 
 In the spring of 1812, Wm. Alverson journeyed on horseback all the way 
 from his home in Columbus, Chenango Co., to1:he residence of Major Sin- 
 clear. He selected the land which comprised the farm owned by Marvfti 
 Wilson at his decease, situated about one mile north from Vermont station. 
 He made no purchase, but returned to his home, and in 181 5 returned to 
 Gerry, and purchased and settled upon the land he had so long before se- 
 lected. He died June ir, 1828, aged 48 years. There came with him from 
 Chenango Co. to Gerry, Hezekiah Myers and Hezekiah Catlin. Porter 
 Phelps also came at the same time. They were all original Vermonters. 
 Myers settled upon the farm now owned by Aaron Van Vleck ; Phelps upon 
 
398 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 the farm now owned by Henry Gates ; Dexter and Nathan Hatch, who came 
 soon after, near where the saw-mill now is, east of the village of Vermont. 
 These persons made the first settlement in this part of the town, which has 
 since been widely known as " Vermont Settlement" A road was soon laid 
 out from SinclairvUle to that section. 
 
 A litde later, Solomon and Reuben Fessenden came. John Matthews 
 also came and settled about one mile south-east from Vermont. During the 
 years following, the eastern, southern, and central portions of the town were 
 rapidly settled, almost entirely by Vermonters, possessing the sturdy pecu- 
 liarities of the people of that state. At the present time, much the larger 
 portion of the population of the principal part of the town, are Vermonters 
 and their descendants. 
 
 In the year 1816, Wm. Olney built a log house upon the little hill, a short 
 distance south-east of the hotel, at Vermont. This was the commencement 
 of a settlement of that place. In 1817, James Bucklin came in from Wind- 
 ham Co., Vermont, and bought 240 acres at Vermont, in Gerry, which included 
 the house and claim of Olney. In r82o, he kept there \he. first inn. The 
 settlement afterwards, for many years, bore the name of Bucklitis Corners, 
 until it was changed to Vermont. The sons of James Bucklin, who came 
 in with him, were Willard, James, and Lovel. Willard spent the greater part 
 of his life in Gerry, prominently identified with its history. For thirty years 
 previous to his death, he held, almost uninterruptedly, the office of justice of 
 the peace; and he was eight years a supervisor of the town. He died Jan. i, 
 1869. James Bucklin also was prominently connected with the town ; was 
 a supervisor and a justice, and now resides in the West. Lovel Bucklin is 
 still living, and resides in the town. Betsey Bucklin, a daughter of James 
 Bucklin, married Paul Stom, who was bom April i, 1797, in Guilford, and 
 died in Gerry, Dec. 24, 1873. He came to Gerry in May, 1817. He chop- 
 ped and cleared over 100 acres of land. 
 
 In 1817, Sylvanus Eaton, father of Walter, Lyman, Pearl, and Harry Eaton, 
 settled a short distance north from Vermont. John McCullough, in the fall 
 of 1817, settled in the north part of Gerry, near Sinclairville. Robert Lenox 
 settled in the south-western part of the town, in 1817. He was bom in the 
 north of Ireland, and came to Gerry from Yates county. He was the father 
 of Robert, John, and WilHam Lenox, and died in 1839. Henry Shaw also 
 settled in this part of the town, about the same time. He had previously 
 resided on the town Hne road, between Ellery and Gerry. Calvin Cutting, 
 hi 1817, settied near the center of the town; he afterwards resided on the 
 road leading from Sinclairville to Vermont, at the place known sis the Cutting 
 stand. 
 
 About 1818, John Hines and Wm. Newton settled in the south-westem 
 part of the town, and, in 18 19, erected there the first saw-mill, and, in r822, 
 2. grist-mill, on the Cassadaga creek. Gardner SaUsbury came in, in 18 r8 or 
 1819, and settled near these mills, and was the first miller. Elder Jona- 
 than Wilson, bom in Colerain, Mass., setded at Vermont, in Gerry, in 18 16. 
 
GERRY. 399 
 
 [See sketch on a subsequent page.] Wm. R. Wilson, his son, came with his 
 father to Gerry, where he has since resided, for nearly 60 years, oir the farm 
 upon which he first settled. He has been a justice of the peace and super- 
 visor of the town. Gilbert Strong, from Chenango Co., in 1818, bought the 
 land upon -which Hezekiah Myers had settled, and lived there until his 
 decease, at the advanced age of 82 years, leaving many descendants. His 
 sons Horace, Gilbert, David, Jason, and Onan, came with their father, and 
 were well known citizens of the town. During the spring of this year, Alva 
 Eaton was killed by the falling of a tree. 
 
 Wm. M. Waggoner, from Saratoga Co., in the spring of 18 19, settled on 
 the town line between Charlotte and Gerry, where he resided many years, 
 and until he removed to Charlotte. He has been supervisor in both towns. 
 John McAlister, from Amsterdam, N. Y., in 1819, settled upon the farm now 
 owned by his son, James, on the street leading south-westerly from Sinclalr- 
 ville by the railroad ddpot, and lived there until his decease, at the advanced 
 age of about 90. He owned, in his lifetime, a large real estate, and was the 
 founder of the Baptist church at Sinclairville. His grandson, John M. Scho- 
 field, was a conspicuous general of the U. S. army, and at one time secretary 
 of war : he was born in Gerry, near the site of the Sinclairville railroad depot. 
 
 Isaac Cobb, from Franklin Co., Vt., settled, in 1820, upon lot 26. His 
 sons, Freeman, Isaac, John, and Roland, also became residents of the town. 
 Roland was for many years largely engaged in lumbering in Gerry; built the 
 store and house now owned by S. E. Palmer, at Vermont, in 1837 ; and was 
 during two years in trade there. He removed from the town in 1846. 
 
 Howard B. Blodgett, in 1826, opened the first store at Vermont. Sidney 
 E. Palmer came to Gerry before 1840, and became a merchant at Vermont, 
 where he has since resided, chiefly engaged in mercantile pursuits. During 
 his residence in Gerry, he has been a prominent citizen, and was 5 years 
 supervisor of the town. In 1859, he was a member of assembly. 
 
 Levi Cowden, Henry Warner, Elisha Baker, Stoddard Cannon, James 
 Alverson, Benj. Matthews, Cobb Matthews, Stephen Pratt, Skelton Palme- 
 ter, Nehemiah Horton, Gardner Salisbury, Jesse Walker, Henry Kirk, Wm. 
 Mellen, Joel Ward, Jeptha L. Hemlnger, David Ostrander, Benjamin and 
 Joseph Wheat, Mr. Rugg, Dr. Fargo, Ammi and James Chipman, Abiel 
 Robbins, Benj. Wait, Paul Starr, Wm. Shepardson, Capt. Dingley, Mr. 
 Stearns, and Pliny Shepardson, were all early settlers of the town. Some of 
 them have left many descendants there. 
 
 Stages were first run through the town in 1827, by Obed Edson and Reu- 
 ben Scott In 1852, the Fredonia and ^lacXaxiwAXt plank road was built in 
 the town, passing through the village of Vermont. In 187 1, the Dunkirk, 
 Allegany Valley &• Pittsburgh Railroad was built, passing through the west 
 part of the town. It has two stations in the town — Sinclairville station in 
 the north-western part, and Vern»ont station. 
 
 The first town-meeting in Gerry, as at present constituted, was held at the 
 house of Calvin Cutting, May 2. 1830. The officers chosen were : 
 
400 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 Supervisor — Hugh B. Paterson. Town Clerk — Howard B. Blodgett. As- 
 sessors— ^m.. Mellen, Wm. M. Waggoner, Calvin Smith. Com'rs of High- 
 ways — Wm. Mellen, Jr., Willard Bucklin, Horace Strong. Com'rs of 
 Schools — Benj. Tuttle, Jr., James Schofield, Nathan Hatch. Inspectors of 
 Schools — Wm. Mellen, Jr., James Bucklin, Jr., Samuel J. Goodrich, Over- 
 seers of Poor — Wm. Gilmour, Gilbert Strong. Collector — Wm. Gilmour. 
 Justices— LeajiAex Mellen, Hugh B. Paterson. Sealer — Nehemiah Horton. 
 Poundmaiter — David Cobb. 
 
 Supervisors from i8ij to 1874. 
 
 Samuel Sinclear, 1813, '15, '16, '18, '19, '20. Amos Atkins, 1814. Selah 
 Picket, 181 7. Joel Bumell, 1821, '28. Hugh B. Paterson, 1822 to '27, 
 1830, 1832 to '35 — II years. Nathan Lake, 1829. James Schofield, Jr., 
 1851. Willard Bucklin, 1837, '40, '41, '55, '57 — 8 years. Wm. M. Wag- 
 goner, 1838, '45. Wm. Bliss, 1839, '49. Wm. R. Wilson, 1841, '42. 
 Sidney E. Palmer, 1843, '54, '56, '73, '74. Wm. Mellen, 1850. James 
 Bucklin, 1851, '52. Lyman S. Eaton, 1853. Samuel Griffith, 1858, '59. 
 Robert Lenox, 60. Galusha Beardsley, i86i,'62,'65, '66, '69, '70 — 6 years. 
 George A. Aldrich, 1863, '64. Frank B. Dennison, 1867, '68. Wm. H. 
 Scott, 1871, '72. 
 
 Biographical and Genealogical. 
 
 William Alverson, son of Thomas Alverson, was born in Rhode Island 
 about 1780, and died in Gerry, June 11, 1828. He removed with his father's 
 family to Halifax, Vt.; thence to Chenango Co., N. Y., about 181 1. In 
 1815, he removed to Gerry, and settled upon land near Vermont, that he had 
 a few years previously selected when visiting this county. Daniel Alverson, 
 his brother Jonathan Alverson's son, came a few years later to reside with 
 him. Daniel died June 12, 1827. About 1821, the remainder of his brother 
 Jonathan's family came also from the state of Vermont, to reside with him. 
 William Alverson, and his brother James, who settled in Gerry about 1820, 
 were among the founders of the Methodist church in Gerry. 
 
 Abner Dingley was born July 23, 1761, and died Feb. 2, 1831. He 
 resided in Duxbury, Mass., until he came to Chautauqua Co. Pie was in 
 early life a navigator of the ocean. He and his two brothers were the own- 
 ers of the ship Three Brothers, of which he was the captain. This vessel 
 was captured near the coast of France, and confiscated under Bonaparte's 
 decree respecting neutral vessels. This misfortune caused him to go west, 
 and he settled in the north part of Gerry, in May or June, 181 6, upon the 
 farm now owned by his grandson, George Dingley. 
 
 Warren Dingley, son of Abner, was bom in Duxbury, Mass., Sept. i8, 
 1795, and died in Gerry, Dec. 30, 1853. He came to Gerry, Nov. 13, 1816. 
 During many years after, he navigated the great lakes, and was first mate of 
 the Superior, the second steamboat on Lake Erie. He also built, and was 
 part owner of, the La Grange, of which he wa$ captain until his return, in 
 1832, to his farm in Gerry, near Sinclairville. He was one of the safest and 
 
^ GERRY. 401 
 
 most successful captains during the early navigation of the lakes. George 
 Dingley, of this town, is his son. His brother-in-law, Melzar Hunt, who was 
 also a sea-captain, settled on lot 48, in Gerry, in 1817. 
 
 Sylvanus Eaton was bom in Massachusetts in 1767, and died in 1848. 
 He resided in Schoharie Co., N. Y., and subsequently emigrated to Frank- 
 Un Co., Vt March i, 1817, he removed from Vermont to the town of Gerry, 
 upon the land he had purchased a short distance northerly from Vermont, 
 where he had erected the body of a log house the fall before. His sons, 
 Walter, Lyman, Pearl, and Harry, came to Gerry in 1818, and became lead- 
 ing citizens of the town. 
 
 Reuben Fessenden was born in Windham Co., Vt., Dec. 12, 1786, and 
 died Sept. 13, 1866. His wife, Lucretia, died July 2, 1865, aged 76. He 
 was in the battle of Plattsburgh, in the last war with England. He came on 
 foot from the state of Vermont, in the fall of 1815, and put up the body of a 
 log house on lot 46, on the highway leading from Sinclairville to Vermont. 
 He returned on foot the same fall to the state of Vermont ; and in October, 
 1 81 6, he came to Gerry with his family to reside. Albro Fessenden, of this 
 town, is his son. His brother, Solomon Fessenden, was bom in Windham 
 Co., Vt., Dec. 20, 1788, and came to Gerry a little earlier in the same year 
 in which his brother Reuben came; and settled south-easterly from Vermont. 
 
 John Love was bom Jan. 29, 1789, and died in Gerry, March 18, 1859. 
 He came from Oneida Co. to Chautauqua in 1809 or 1810. About the 
 year 181 2, he removed from the town of EUery, where he then resided, to 
 the town of Gerry, a short distance south of Sinclairville, where he for many 
 years kept an inn. He also, at a later period, kept the hotel at Sinclairville. 
 He served as a soldier in the war of 1812, at Buffalo. His wife, Mary S. 
 Love, was born Sept 14, 1788, and died Jan 29, 1857. They had 9 chil- 
 dren : Katharine, wife of Erastus Love ; Nelson ; Cornelia, wife of Jacob 
 Langworthy, residing in Charlotte ; Sally ; Mary, who married Arnold Kirk ; 
 Margaret ; Levi, Lester, and Joy, who resides in Portland. Of these 9 chil- 
 di-en, only Comelia and Joy are living. 
 
 John McCollough was born in Bennington, Vt., June 8, 1788, and died 
 in Gerry, June 17, 1874. He came to Otsego when quite young, and, while 
 residing there, he was married to Cynthia St. John. In 181 2, he moved to 
 Ontario Co.; and, in the spnng of 181 7, to Arkwright in this county. In 
 the fall of the same year he moved to Gerry, near Sinclairville. Two years 
 and a half later, he purchased a farm two miles south of Sinclairville, which 
 he owned for many years. For 16 years he was a justice of the peace in 
 Gerty. 
 
 Melzar Sylvester was bora in Massachusetts, about the year 1784, and 
 died in Gerry, in Dec, 1863. When quite young, he removed to Lewis Co., 
 N. Y., where he learned his trade, that of tanner and currier. He afterwards 
 resided in Madison Co., where he was married to Anna Gilmore, the sister 
 of James and Wm. Gilmore. Mr. Sylvester first came to Fredonia, and about 
 181 1 moved to Gerry, near Sinclairville. His children were: 1. Fordyce, 
 26 
 
402 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 who married Mary Kirk, and now'resides in Gerry. 2. William, who mar- 
 ried Jane Woodworth, and died in Gerry. 3. Darwin, who married Mary 
 Strong, and resides in Sinclairville. 5. Henry, who married F. Ursula 
 Edson, and resides in Sinclairville. 5. Edwin, who married Mary Race, and 
 resides in Gerry. 6. Charlotte, wife of George W. Sinclear, and resides in 
 Gerry. 7. Mary Ann, wife of Jarvis B. Rice, deceased, formerly sheriflf of 
 Chautauqua county ; she resides in Sinclairville. 8. Rosette, who was twice 
 married ; first to Dr. Samuel Parker, and afterwards to Martin Dunton ; she 
 is deceased. 9. Elizabeth, wife of Henry F. Terry, deceased ; she resides 
 in Gerry. 
 
 Rev. Jonathan Wilson was bom in Colerain, Mass., April 12, 1777, and 
 died in Gerry, N. Y., May 13, 1868, aged 91 years. He came from Guilford, 
 Vt., to this county in August, 18 18, as a missionary of the Shaftsbury (Vt.) 
 Baptist Board of Missions. He organized a number of churches in the 
 county in 1819 and 1820, among which were the First Baptist Church of 
 Sinclairville, the First Baptist Church of Mayville, the First Baptist Church 
 of Portland, and the Second Baptist Church of Elhcott. He held the first 
 religious meeting in town, in 1818. The First Baptist Church in Gerry was 
 organized about 1820, as a branch, of the Stockton Baptist church, and held 
 their meetings at Jerry M. Abbey's log house, at what was then known as 
 "The Huddle," a little cluster of log houses near the "Old Cutting Stand.' 
 During his ministry of 58 years, he baptized, by immersion, 1,392 persons ; 
 preached about 9,000 sermons, in ten different states, and traveled 75,000 
 miles. He had two sons, William R. and Austin. The latter married 
 Sarah Burch, in Rhode Island, and never resided permanently in Chautauqua 
 county. 
 
 William R. Wilson, son of Jonathan, was bom Feb. 23, 1801, and came 
 from Guilford, Vt., with his father, in August, 18 18, and settled on lot 34, in 
 Gerry, where he now resides. His wife, Rebecca Fisher, from Grafton, N. H., 
 who was born June 7, 1799, joined him here the following year, making the 
 journey of 400 miles in 19 days. He is a member of the Baptist church in 
 Gerry, which was early organized by his father. He has also served the peo- 
 ple of his town during a large portion of the time since its formation, in the 
 offices of supervisor, assessor, and justice of the peace. He had 1 1 children : 
 
 1. William W., who married Lurissa G. Cutting, and resides in Jamestown. 
 
 2. Newel J., who marrried Laura Strong, and resides in "Vermont Settle- 
 ment" 3. Betsey Mila, wife of Jonah E. Cutting, in Dagolia, Pa, 4. Mar- 
 vin, who married Rachel A. Strong, sister of Newel's wife. He diedjin the 
 " settlement," where his widow resides. 5. Austin C, who married Hgnes 
 Kishlar. He also died here; she died in Michigan. 6. Caroline R., 
 deceased, who was the wife of Dennis Smith. 7. Harriet A., who married 
 Samuel B. Woods, and died here. 8. Emily A., who married John Strong, 
 both living. 9. Jarvis K., who married Cordelia M. Partridge, and resides 
 at Vermont. 10. Mary Jane, who died in infancy. 11. Odin G., who mar- 
 ried Rosamond Jackson, and resides here. 
 

HANOVER. 403 
 
 Churches. 
 
 The Methodist Episcopal Church in Gerry was the first religious associa- 
 tion in the town, and was formed in or about the year 1819, the first religious 
 meeting having been held in the spring of 18 18, by Elder Jonathan Wilson. 
 The Society, as such, was subsequently organized under the gerkeral statute of 
 the state; and December 12, 1828, a deed was executed to James Schofield, 
 the grandfather of Major-General Schofield, Wm. Alverson, and Stoddard 
 Cameron as its trustees, of 100 acres of land, by the Holland Land Com- 
 pany, of lands appropriated by them to religious purposes. Upon this land 
 was built the first church erected in the town, which was situated upon lot 
 53, and on the road leading from Sinclairville to Vermont, a little north-west 
 from the center of the town. 
 
 The First Baptist Church of Gerry was formed by Rev. Jonathan Wilson, 
 about 1820. It was composed chiefly of members from the Stockton Baptist 
 church. They held their meetings in Jerry Abbey's log house, at what was 
 then known as " The Huddle," a small cluster of log houses near the old 
 Cutting stand. 
 
 The only church edifice in the town is a firee church which will seat 200 
 persons, built a few years since at Vermont. 
 
 HANOVER. 
 
 Hanover was formed from Pomfret, June i, 1812. Villenova was taken 
 from it in 1823, and a part of Sheridan in 1827. It comprises township 6, 
 of the loth range, which, besides the territory usually contained in a township 
 6 miles square, extends several miles north to Lake Erie and Cattaraugus 
 creek, which form its northern boundary. A part of the Cattaraugus Indian 
 reservation lies in the north-east part of the town. The principal streams in 
 the interior of the town are Silver creek, which flows in a north-west direc- 
 tion through the town into Lake Erie ; and Walnut creek, which runs through 
 all the western border lots of the town, and forms a junction with Silver 
 creek near its mouth. The soil is chiefly clay and gravelly loam. Silver 
 Creek and ForestviUe are incorporated villages. The former was incorpora- 
 ted June 8, 1848, and had, in 1870, a population of 666 ; the latter, incor- 
 porated April 4, 1849, had a population of 722. Irving, on Cattaraugus 
 creek, near Lake Erie, had about 600 inhabitants. The upper part of this 
 village was for many years caHed La Grange. Probably through the influ- 
 ence of the Irving Company, who had in prospect the western terminus of 
 the N. Y. & Erie railroad at the mouth of the Cattaraugus, and whose oper- 
 ations are noticed in a subsequent page, the name of the post-oflSce was 
 changed to Irving. 
 
 The earliest residents of the town of Hanover settled at and near the 
 Cattaraugus creek, on lands embraced in what was termed Cattaraugus Village. 
 
404 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 The dates of their settlement can not in all cases be definitely stated. In 
 the following list of purchases, the dates indicate the times of the execution 
 of the articles of agreement. The numbers followed by the initials C. V., rep- 
 resent the numbers of the lots in Cattaraugus Village, of which there was a 
 survey separate and distinct from that of the rest of the town. 
 
 Original Purchases in the Town of Hanover. 
 
 1804. December 31, Charles Avery, 3, C. V. Wm. G. Sidney, i, 2, 
 C. v., transferred to John Mack. 
 
 1805. Jesse and John Skinner, 73. May, John Tyler, 10. 
 
 1806. March, Charles Avery, 5, 56, C. V., transferred and articled to 
 Sylvanus Mabee. July, Amos Sottle, 55, 59, C. V. Oct., AbnerCooley, 61. 
 
 1807. John Smith and David Scott, 73, articled to Artemas Clothier. 
 May, Ezra Puffer, 58, C. V. August, Samuel Johnson, 68. 
 
 1808. June, Rufus Washburn, 57. Benjamin Kenyon, 63, C. V. Syl- 
 vanus Mabee, 7. Nov., Walter Lull, and Martin B. Tubbs, 50. 
 
 1809. May, Samuel Johnson, 51. Amos Ingraham, 5, C. V. June, 
 Daniel Holbrook, 58. September, Guy Webster, 3. Artemas Clothier, 73. 
 December, Joseph Brownell, 11. Asher Cooley, 53. 
 
 1 810. January, Thomas Chapman, 13. March, Guy Webster, 10. April, 
 Daniel Famham, 51. James Webb, 10. James Bennett, 59. May, Alpheus 
 Cotton, 34. Uriah Nash, 19. Wm. Jones, 33. James Knapp, 18. Joseph 
 Lull, — . June, Thomas White, 57. Joseph Lull, 50. July, John Patter- 
 son. December, John Mack. 
 
 1 8 11. January, Benj. Kenyon, 61, C. V. April, Job Knight, 63. Hez- 
 ekiah Fisk, 53. August, Isaac Smith, Erastus Scott, 45, 53. November, 
 Reuben Edmonds, 55, 74. December, Salmon Prentiss. 
 
 1812. March, Jacob Burgess, 72. Nedabiah Angell, 47. 
 
 1814. April, Benj. Smith, 45. July, Otis Tower, 69. Dec, Uriah Nash, 19. 
 
 1815. February, James Webb, 19. September, Joseph Brownell, 20. 
 
 18 1 6. March, David Con vis. 54. Norman Spink, 52. October, George 
 E. Kirkland, 5. November, Orlando Wilcox, Christopher McManus. Dec, 
 Walter Libbey, 1 2. 
 
 1817. February, Thos. Nevins, 37. April, Wm. McManus, 32. Samuel 
 P. McKee, 35. 
 
 18 1 8. November, Salmon Gregory, 59. 
 1820. June, James E. Mack, 16, C. V. 
 
 1822. May, James Black, 33. 
 
 1823. October, Wm. Pattison, 53. November, Israel Pattison, 43. 
 
 1826. December, George Love, 3. 
 
 1827. February, William Dinsmore, 32. March, Don S. Downer. De- 
 cember, Belinus Green. 
 
 From the foregoing list it appears that Charles Avery was the earliest pur- 
 chaser of land in Hanover ; and it may he«ce be inferred that he was the 
 first settler. But several persons are said to have lived at Cattaraugus creek 
 before Mr. Avery came. And he was there himself a year or more before 
 the date of his purchase. It is generally conceded that the first person who 
 lived there was Amos Sottle, who, however, it will be seen, did not obtain 
 an article until 1806. It is extensively believed that he was the earliest set- 
 tler in this county. 
 
HANOVER. 405 
 
 In regard to the settlement in this town, the following statements will 
 probably not be disputed : 
 
 In 1798 and 1799, Sottle assisted in surveying the range and township 
 lines in this part of the Holland Purchase. He is designated on the records 
 among the names of the surveying company employed by Mr. ElUcott, as 
 " Amos Sawtel, axeman." He is said to have had a " shanty" near the creek, 
 in which he lived alone, for a year or longer previous to his entering into the 
 service of the Holland Land Company. He afterwards went to the north- 
 eastern part of Ohio, then a part of the great North-western Territory, where 
 he was for a time engaged in similar labor with a surveying company. He 
 returned in 1801, accompanied by Sydney or Skinner, who ferried emigrants 
 across the creek, and built a small log house for the entertainment of travelers. 
 This property afterwards came into the possession of John Mack, by whom 
 it was kept for many years. 
 
 The following brief statement of the early settlement in the north part of 
 the town, as taken from the list of original purchases, and as given by early 
 settlers, is believed to be correct : 
 
 Charles Avery purchased lot 3, C. V., Dec. 31, 1804; and in March, 1806, 
 lots 5, 56, C. v., transferred and articled to Sylvanus Mabee. Mr. Avery 
 had a small assortment of goods for trade with the Indians. Wm. G. Sid- 
 ney, also Dec. 31, 1804, bought lots i, 2, C. V., transferred to John Mack. 
 Sidney is said to have come as early as 1801 or 1802, and afterwards kept 
 an inn for the accommodation of persons traveling to the West, a large por- 
 tion of them being emigrants from Connecticut to the Western Reserve in 
 Ohio, then known as New Connecticut. Jesse and John Skinner settled on 
 lot 73, articled Feb., 1805, and John Tyler on lot to, bought in May, 1805. 
 Amos Sottle, who claimed to have been the first settler in the county, took 
 articles of lots 55 and 59, C. V., July, 1806. Abner Cooley, 61, Oct., 1806. 
 In 1807, John Smith and David Scott bought part of lot 73, which was articled 
 to Artemas Clothier. In May, 1807, Ezra Puffer bought lot 58, C. V. In 
 1808, Benj. Kenyon bought lot 63, C. V. Samuel Prentiss purchased in the 
 north part of the town, in 18 11. A son. Dr. Salmon M. Prentiss, is a prac- 
 ticing physician at Irving. Otis Tower settled on lot 69, bought in 1814. 
 His sons, Lanson and Lyman, with their families, still reside in the town. 
 Salmon Gregory, on lot 68, bought in 18 18. 
 
 In the- north part of the town, Samuel Johnson, 1807, bought on lot 68, 
 where he settled, and afterwards removed to lot 51, near Forestville, where 
 he died. He had no sons. A daughter is the wife of the late Rev. I. H. 
 Tackett, of Forestville. Ephrajm Hall was an early settler, about 1809, an 
 estimable citizen, and for many years a justice of the peace. His sons 
 were : Solon, owner of a mill at Irving, and long since deceased ; Rev. Wm. 
 Hall, missionary on Allegany reservation ; Benj. F., superintendent of the 
 Thomas Orphan Asylum on Cattaraugus reservation. At a later period, 
 Lyman Howard, a blacksmith and farmer, settled near Silver Creek. His 
 son, Allen G., and two daughters, reside at Homellsville. Philo Newton, 
 
406 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 from Mass., came with bis family about 1818. His sons were Philo, Isaac, 
 Samuel, Lyman, Charles, George, and Henry J. Samuel and Lyman are 
 farmers in town. Henry J. resides at Silver Creek, and has been a justice 
 of the peace. He owns a tract of fine land on Cattaraugus bottoms, and a 
 grist-mill and a saw-mill at Irving. The four other sons are deceased. 
 Rufus L. Bonney, a captain in the war of 1812, settled on Cattaraugus flats 
 at Irving, soon after the war, where he resides at an advanced age, and is 
 still a pensioner. Charles A. H. McGregor, a nephew of Joseph EUicott, 
 was a merchant and farmer at Irving. His wife is a daughter of Reuben 
 W. Moore, a keeper of the Cattaraugus House [Mack's old stand,] and pro- 
 prietor of a line of stages between BuflFalo and Erie. William Cole built the 
 first toll bridge across Cattaraugus creek for Rufus S. Reed, an old settler at 
 Erie, Pa. He was an active business man, and died July 3, 1872. John 
 Mack, an early settler [1806,] was long an innkeeper and ferryman. A son, 
 John, resides at South Bend, Indiana. James, another son, died in town at 
 an early age. His widow married Samuel T. Barr, and resides in Portland. 
 Asa Gage, a blacksmith, settled early at Silver Creek, and was father-in-law 
 of Wm. D. Talcott. Albert G. Adsit settled on lot 63, where he still resides. 
 His sons, Henry and Leonard, reside in Silver Creek ; another son, Charles 
 D., died in Milwaukee, in 1873. 
 
 Among a later class of settlers in the north part of the town were the 
 following : 
 
 Henry P. Wilcox, from Connecticut about 1826, was a son of a Revolu- 
 tionary general, practiced medicine many years, and was several years assist- 
 ant secretary of state. About 1829, Abraham Plumb, brother of Joseph, 
 Ralph, and Alvin, settled at Irving, and was interested in mill property. 
 John I. Thorn, from Dutchess Co., about 1830, a member of the Society 
 of Friends, was a merchant in company with Judge Niram Sackett, at 
 La Grange, [now Irving,] and died in 1836. No sons living. His four 
 daughters married respectively, Niram Sackett ; John J. Gumsey, now of 
 Buffalo ; Henry H. Hawkins, merchant, Silver Creek ; and Rev. Francis 
 Granger, of ForestviUe. Ezekiel^ B. Gumsey, from Dutchess Co., in 1831, 
 was a supervisor, justice, and a member of assembly. A son, Duane L., 
 formerly a merchant at Fredonia and La Grange, and a farmer, now resides 
 at Pittsford, N. Y. A daughter is the wife of Orson Stiles, banker at Fredo- 
 nia. John J. Gumsey, brother of Ezekiel, was a partner in mercantile and 
 other business in La Grange. Jane, a daughter of John, is the wife of 
 Palmer G. Strong, now of Richmond, Va.; another, Priscilla, the wife of the 
 late Wm. H. Camp, of Randolph ; another, Josephine, the wjfe of Warren 
 Dow, of Bufialo. A son, Delos, was killed in battle at Williamsburgh, Va. 
 Cephas R. Leland, a lawyer, settled at La Grange, about 1836.. [See por- 
 trait and sketch.] Thomas B. Stoddard, also a lawyer, settled about the 
 same time ; removed to the West, and resides at La Crosse, Wis. Abiathar 
 Gates, from Madison Co., settled at Silver Creek about 1830. He was 
 father-in-law of Amos Dow, formerly of Silver Creek, now merchant and 
 
HANOVER. 407 
 
 banker at East Randolph, N. Y. ; also of A. Famham Howard, railroad con- 
 ductor, Dunkirk; and of the late Dr. Spencer Ward. Sylvester Andrews 
 settled at Silver Creek. He was father of Wilson Andrews, whose sons are 
 LeRoy, a lawyer at Silver Creek,^nd supervisor in 1874; Joseph, who resides 
 in town ; and Reuben, now sheriff of Saginaw Co., Mich. David Woodbury, 
 from Mass., settled first at Fredonia; removed about 1834 to Hanover, and 
 resides at Silver Creek. He is a Baptist minister. A son, David R., is a 
 justice, at Silver Creek ; William, another son, is a lawyer, at Gowanda, and 
 has been a first judge of Cattaraugus Co. 
 
 In the north-west part, Jacob Burgess settled on lot 72, bought in 181 2. 
 He was a practicing physician at Silver Creek, and was father of Rev. Chalon 
 Burgess, of Panama ; of Mrs. Warren Montgomery, and of Mrs. Samuel 
 Scoville. He was a man of science, and a skillful physician. Artemas 
 Clothier settled, in 1809, at Silver Creek [lot 73,] where he still lives at the 
 age of 89. 
 
 In the south-east part, Guy Webster, in 1809, bought a part of lot 3 ; and 
 Joseph Brownell, lot 11. Mr. B. was a member of the First Hanover Bap- 
 tist Church, Nashville, and a deacon. Uriah Nash bought a part of lot 19, 
 in 1810 ; and James Webb, a little earlier, the same year, lot 18. Mr. Webb, 
 in 1815, bought also a part of lot 19. Walter Libbey, in 18 16, a part of lot 
 12. In December, 1826, George Love, part of lot 3. He was from Madi- 
 son Co. ; was a prominent citizen of Forestville, and a brother of the late 
 ▼homas C. Love, of Buffalo, a member of Congress. 
 
 In the east part, Thomas Chapman settled on lot 13, where he bought in 
 18 10. Several of his sons reside in the town. Another, Captain Hiram 
 Chapman, lives near Versailles, and is a horticulturist. George Kirkland, on 
 lot 5, bought in 1816. 
 
 In the south part of the town, Alpheus Coon bought lot 34, in 1810. In 
 1817, Wm. McManus, 32 ; and Samuel P. McKee, 35. John and Ambrose, 
 sons of McKee, reside at Silver Creek. James Black, in 1822, bought in 
 lot 33. A daughter was the wife of Sabin Brownell. In 1827, Wm. Dins- 
 moor, lot 32. 
 
 In the central part of the town, Nedabiah Angell settled on lot 47, bought 
 in 1812. His brother, Ethan, at a later date, settled in that vicinity; and 
 the place came to be known as " Angell's Settlement," and also as " Hanover 
 Center." Benj. Smith, in 1814, bought in lot 45, about 2j^ miles north-east 
 from Forestville. Thomas Nevins, lot 37 ; a son, Ansel S., has been for 
 many years a justice. He and his brother Benjamin reside in the town. 
 About 1830, Leonard Christy, from Dutchess Co., settled in the vicinity of 
 Angell's Settlement. His sons, Gideon H. and Henry R., are farmers in the 
 town ; William L., at Silver Creek, has been a justice. 
 
 In the south-west part, Walter Lull and Martin B. Tubbs, in Nov., 1809, 
 bought on lot 50. Tubbs was a captain of a company in the war of 1812. 
 His son, Benajah, kept a hotel many years in Forestville. Rufus Washburn 
 bought a part of lot 57, in June, 1808. Daniel Holbrook settled on lot 58, 
 
408 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 bought in 1809. A daughter of Mr. H. is the wife of the Rev. J. Hyatt 
 Smith, of Brooklyn ; another, the wife of Frederick W. Breed, of Buffalo. 
 Daniel Famham bought a part of lot 51, in 1810 ; James Bennett, 59. He 
 was a Baptist preacher, from Madison Co., and an early pastor of the Baptist 
 church at Forestville. James Knapp, on lot 18, bought in 1810 ; and Joseph 
 Lull, 50. Mr. Knapp's descendants reside in the town. Thomas White 
 settled on lot 57, and was a prosperous farmer. His descendants are still in 
 town. Orlando Wilcox and Christopher McManus bought, in 1816, lot 56. 
 McManus was a Revolutionary soldier. Several of his sons are dead. James 
 
 still resides in town. A daughter is the wife of Gage ; another, the 
 
 wife of Thomas W. Wilcox, of Villenova. In T823, Wm. Pattison, in Octo- 
 ber, and Israel Pattison, in November, bought parts of lot 43, about two 
 miles easterly from Forestville. Thomas Frink settled early. His sons 
 were : John ; Rev. Alonzo, at Corry, Pa. ; Loren, deceased ; Sylvester, in 
 the West; Thomas, [probably dead;] and Harvey. 
 
 In the west part, Asher Cooley bought part of lot 53, in 1806. In 1811, 
 Job Knight, 63 ; Hezekiah Fisk, 55 ; Isaac Smith and Erastus Scott, 45, 53; 
 and Reuben Edmonds, 55. Mr. Edmonds was a justice of the peace. He 
 removed to the West. David Convis, in 1816, bought lot 54. His son, 
 Gen. Ezra Convis, was connected with the farmers' store at Silver Creek, then 
 Fayette ; removed to Mich., and was speaker of the house of representatives. 
 
 Of the first town-meeting there is probably no record to be found. Thj 
 town was formed June i, 1812, after the town-meetings had been held, 
 said, however, that town officers were elected that year, and that Joseph 
 Brownell was elected supervisor. Yet the election is not recorded in the 
 clerk's book ; nor does the name of Mr. Brownell appear among the names 
 of the supervisors in the session of the board in 1812. At the session of 
 i8t3, Nedabiah Angell represented the town in the board; though in the list 
 of town officers elected in 1813, Daniel Russell is named as supervisor. 
 
 That there was an election in 181 2, and that Joseph Brownell was elected 
 supervisor, we are assured by old settlers who know the fact. The legislature 
 of that year had been prorogued by Gov. Tompkins, by the exercise of a 
 power vested in him by the old constitution of 1777; and was to meet again 
 in May to complete their unfinished business. At this second meeting the 
 new town was formed. And as the town-meetings for the year had been 
 held, provision was probably made for a special election for choosing town 
 officers. But why the name does not appear among others of the board of 
 supervisors in the fall, no person probably knows. The book entitled. Ab- 
 stracts of the Proceedings of the Boards of Supervisors, gives the name of 
 no one for supervisor in 1812, but records the name of Nedabiah Angell 
 as supervisor in 1813; names Joseph Brownell for 1814; and Daniel Russell 
 for 1815. ~lxi answer to a letter of inquiry, the town clerk of Hanover sent 
 the following list of the town officers. 
 
 At the annual town-meeting held at the house of Daniel Holbrook, April 
 4, 1 81 4, officers were chosen as follows : 
 
 Th^ 
 It# 
 
HANOVER. 409 
 
 Supervisor — Daniel Russell. Town Clerk — Elisha Skinner. Assessors — 
 Nedabiah Angell, Martin B. Tubbs, Ezra Puflfer. Collector — William Jones. 
 Overseers of the Poor — Joseph Brown, Daniel Barber. Com'rs of Highways 
 — Thomas White, Dennis Barnes, Reuben Edmonds. Constable — William 
 Jones. Com'rs of Schools — Seth Snow, Daniel Russell, John E. Howard. 
 Inspectors of Schools — James Ball, Elisha Skinner, Artemas Clothier. 
 Supervisors from 18 1 2 to 1875. 
 
 Joseph Brownell, 1812, '14, '16, '17, '19. Nedabiah Angell, 1813. Dan- 
 iel Russell, 1815, 1828 to '30 — 4 years. Nathan Mixer, 1820 to '24, '26, 
 '27, '31, '32, '36 — 10 years. Seth Snow, 1825. Oliver Lee, 1833 to '35. 
 Wm. Colvill, Jr., 1837, '46, '50, '51. Ebenezer R. Avery, 1838. Adolphus 
 F. Morrison, 1839, '48. Ezekiel B. Gumsey, 1840. Thomas C. Hale, 1841. 
 Jeremiah Ellsworth, 1842, '44, '45. Orson Stiles, 1843. Henry H. Hawkins, 
 1847. Charles H. Lee, 1849, '52. Hiram Smith, 1853, '54. Clark C. Swift, 
 i8SS> '56- Hiram Smith, 2d, 1857 to '59. Chandler Scott, i860 to '62, '67 
 — 4 years. Cyrus D. Angell, 1863. Wm. D. Talcott, 1864. Naham S. 
 Scott, 1865, '66. John D. Hiller, 1868, '69. Norman B. Brown, 1870, '71. 
 Smith Clark, 1872, '73. LeRoy Andrews, 1874. Carlos Ewell, 1875. 
 
 Silver Creek. 
 
 The land on which Silver Creek stands was bought by Abel Cleveland and 
 David Dickinson. Their purchase comprised the whole of lot 74, tp. 6, r. 
 '10, and was entered Feb. 23, 1805. On the Land Company's book is the 
 following : " The above lot was taken up in the year 1804, or the latter part 
 of 1803. For date, see contract." Of the west part of the lot, 172 acres, 
 and of the east part, 151 acres, were articled by the Company, in two arti- 
 cles, to John E. Howard, the latter dated Aug. i, 1803 ; the other probably 
 about the same time. Cleveland and Dickinson reserved the residue, about 
 30 acres, on which their mills were built. The saw-mill was built first ; and 
 before the grist-mill was built, there were attached to the saw-mill a large 
 wooden mortar and pestle for pounding corn into coarse meal. The mill- 
 stones for the grist-mill were manufactured from boiJders taken from the hill- 
 side about 100 rods from where the mill stood, and were afterwards used in 
 the mill built by Thos. Kidder and Nehemiah Heaton on Walnut creek, near 
 where the great black walnut tree stood. In 1806, Mr. Howard being the 
 only settler here, and owner of the mill property, Norman Spink and Arte- 
 mas Clothier came ; the latter of whom still resides in the village, at the age 
 of 89; the former died in 1873, aged 85 years. In 1828, Oliver Lee, of 
 Westfield, bought the above mentioned property of John E. Howard. There 
 were then about 8 or 10 families within the limits of the present corporation. 
 
 In or about the year 18 — , Nehemiah Heaton and Thomas Kidder built a 
 saw-mill and a grist-mill where Joseph and Wilson Andrews' saw-mill stands, 
 in the south part of the village. Later, a saw-mill was built by HoUam and 
 John Vail, where afterwards, 1829 or 1830, HoUam Vail and James Howard 
 built a grist-mill and a car ding-machine and cloth-dressing establishment. 
 
4IO HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 The first store in this place, says an early settler, weis kept by Stephen 
 Clark, on the north side of WalnuJ: creek, and was afterwards removed to the 
 south side. Another, an equally early settler, has no recollection of Clark's 
 store, and believes the first store was kept by John E. Howard and Manning 
 Case, in company. John M. Cumings, at a later date, commenced trade, 
 and continued it a year, or longer. In 1828, Oliver Lee and Clark C. Swift, 
 in company, commenced the mercantile business, and continued it until 18 — , 
 and were succeeded by Ephraim R. Ballard & Co., for a short time, after 
 which the business was continued by Henry H. Hawkins, formerly the part- 
 ner of Ballard. Mr. Hawkins is still in the business. In 1829, Ammi Mar- 
 chant and Daniel Rumsey commenced trade ; and after the death of Mr. 
 Marchant, the business was continued by Foote & Rumsey, and afterwards 
 by Rumsey and Horatio N. Farnham, [firm, H. N. Farnham & Co. ;] next, 
 without change of firm name, by Farnham and Justin Clark, and Farnham 
 and Joseph Wells. The store next passed to Mack Montgomery and Charles 
 Wells, and a few years after to Mr. Wells, by whom, as sole proprietor, it was 
 continued till 1872. Gen. Ezra Convis commenced trade in 1826, and con- 
 tinued it until [828. A farmers' store was afterwards established, of which 
 he had the chief management. The enterprise was an unfortunate one, 
 many of the farmers having become deeply involved by its failure. Present 
 merchants — Henry H. Hawkins, Oliver L. Swift & Co., and H. N. Farnham. 
 
 A drug store, in connection with a grocery, was kept for many years by 
 Charles Lockwood, who now resides in Baltimore with his son Henry. A'' 
 daughter is the wife of Rodney B. Smith, who also is in Baltimore. A drug 
 store is at present kept by Melvin Montgomery and Wm. Talcott, Jr. 
 
 A hardware and stove store, and the manufacture of tinware, etc., was es- 
 tablished' about 1 83- by George D. Farnham and Uriah Spencer, and con- 
 tinued several years. George Schaffner and Rudolph Nagle are conducting 
 a similar business at the same place. Albert G. Dow was engaged for several 
 years in the hardware and other business in Silver Creek, and removed about 
 1850 to Randolph, where he is now in the banking business. He is a mem- 
 ber of the state senate. ♦ 
 
 The first tavern is supposed to have been kept by John E. Howard as 
 early as 1806, where the smut machine manufactory stands. The Silver 
 Creek House was built by Oliver Lee in 1831 and 1832. It was kept first 
 by Larned Gale, and was sold to Jonathan Keith, and was afterwards owned 
 and kept by Wm. Keith. It is now owned by John Tilton, and occupied by 
 Alva Montgomery. Alfred H. Rann was an early innkeeper in the south 
 part of the village, then called Fayette. 
 
 A distillery was built about 1823, by N. Wattles; afterwards another by 
 Stephen Clark ; later, one by Con Dalrymple ;. and last, one by Oliver Lee. 
 The temperance reformation has here, as elsewhere, put a period to this 
 branch of business. 
 
 The first physician is believed to have been Jacob Burgess, who came 
 about 181 2, and continued practice until his death, many years ago. Among 
 
HANOVER. 41 1 
 
 those who came before and after his death, were Drs. Calvin Wood, Daniel 
 Rumsey, Austin A. Ackley, Jeremiah Ellsworth. Present physicians — Spen- 
 cer Ward, George B. Bishop, John C. Cheeseman, and E. R. Howie. 
 
 The first lawyer is believed to have been Rathbun ; later, Peyton 
 
 Cook, and Elisha Ward, who was also an associate judge, a member of 
 assembly and of the senate of this state. John R. Arnold was a lawyer at 
 Silver Creek, and also a justice of the peace. John R. McDonald came 
 about 1848, and was a lawyer and a justice. 
 
 Wm. Van Duzer was appointed /w//«a.f/«r, about 1832, and held the office 
 many years. After his death, the office was held by his widow, and after her 
 death, by her daughter Laura. 
 
 Wm. D. Talcott, from Conn., came to Silver Creek about 1832. He was 
 for many years in the lumber trade ; has been supervisor of Hanover ; and 
 still resides at Silver Creek. John Vail, a brother of HoUam Vail, was a 
 lake captain, and built one or two vessels at Silver Creek. Bushnell Andrews 
 also was a lake captain, and resided many years at Silver Creek. Hezekiah 
 Fisk, from Oneida Co., settled in Sheridan, on lot 67, in 1806, and a few 
 years after in Hanover, on lot 55. He now resides at Silver Creek. He 
 had 1 2 children, of whom 4 are living : Huldah, wife of H. S. Tucker, 
 Salt Lake, Utah ; Marvin, married, and lives in Mentor, O. ; Polly, wife of 
 Carpenter, Albany, 111.; and R. W. Fisk, Silver Creek. 
 
 Edmund Clark was an early carriage maker, and still continues the busi- 
 ness. His son, Spiith Clark, was supervisor of Hanover in 1872 and '73. 
 Samuel Scoville was also a carriage-maker at Silver Creek. He was son-in- 
 law of Dr. Jacob Burgess. Ezekiel Montgomery, a millwright, at Silver 
 Creek, died here about £868. His widow and son, Baldwin, reside in Silver 
 Creek. Other sons are Henry, in Buffalo ; and Martin, in Newark, O. 
 
 The first tannery at Silver Creek was carried on by Jacob Morrison, who 
 came there at the close of the war of 18 12-15. ^^ was on the east side of 
 the stream, below the junction of Walnut and Silver creeks, and west ot 
 Newbury street. It was moved to the south part of the village about 1824, 
 where it did a small business till 1828. Another tannery was established 
 about T829 or 1830, by Luther Briggs, who continued it for many years, and 
 sold it to Haven Brigham, by whom it was sold to Dana Spalding, who con- 
 tinued the business until his death, in 1872. Another was built by John and 
 Chauncey Talcott about 1858, and is still doing an extensive business. 
 
 Eureka Smut and Separating Machine Works.- — In the spring of 1853, 
 Simeon Howes, of Wyoming Co., became interested with Benj. Rutter and 
 Henry Rouzer, of Ohio, in the manufacture and sale of a combined smut 
 and separating machine. During the remainder of that year, 50 machines 
 were made and sold. In October, Rutter and Rouzer obtained a patent for 
 their machine. In the spring of 1854, the patent was sold, through their 
 agents, Mr. Howes and Gardner E. Throop, to Ezekiel Montgomery and his 
 sons, Henry and E. Martin Montgomery, of Silver Creek, with the right to 
 sell the machine in fifteen counties in Western New York. And they sold 
 
412 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 to Alpheus Babcock the right in nine counties of Western Pennsylvania., 
 Certain defects having been discovered in the machine, much of the year 
 1854 was spent in improving it, both by Howes and Throop, and by the 
 Montgomerys and Babcock. Yet few machines were built in 1855. 
 
 In 1856, Mr. Howes removed to Silver Creek, and became associated with 
 Messrs. Montgomery in the manufacture. During this year 40 machines were 
 built; the next, about 80; and they gave general satisfaction. In 1857, Mr. 
 Howes sold his interest to his partners, who continued the business until 
 January, 1866, having, in tke meantime, built new shops and made about 
 1,000 machines. 
 
 In January, 1864, Norman Babcock joined his brother Alpheus, who had 
 for several years, and to a limited extent, manufactured a machine different, 
 in some respects, from that of Messrs. Montgomery. And in January, 1865, 
 Mr. Howes became associated with the Babcocks, suggesting certain im- 
 provements. These, with the previous changes made by the Babcocks, 
 formed the basis of the Eureka as now built. During this year, 200 ma- 
 chines were built and sold. In the fall of 1865, Albert Horton became a 
 partner, without change of the firm name, [Howes, Babcock & Co.] The 
 new firm then' bought the entire interest of Messrs. Montgomery in their 
 establishment for $20,000, the bargain to take effect the first of January, 
 1866. In the spring following, Horton sold his interest to Carlos Ewell, of 
 Wyoming Co. In 1866, 400 machines were made ; in 1867, 700 ; and since 
 that time from 1,000 to 1,100 yearly. They are sent to all parts of the United 
 States, including California and Oregon ; to Canada, and to South America. 
 In 1868, a patent for Great Britiin was granted, and an agency established 
 in London, which demands about 200 machines a year. 
 
 At every fair in the United States where it has been exhibited, it has taken 
 the first premium. At Manchester, England, in 1869, it took a gold medal, 
 the only one granted that year. In 1873, at Vienna, in Austria, it was awarded 
 the medal for progress, and was the only machine to which this medal was 
 granted. During the year 1873, the proprietors erected new and commo- 
 dious brick shops, costing $20,000. Their sales amount to from $150,000 
 to $175,000 a year ; and employment is given to from 65 to 70 men. 
 
 Bran Duster and Middlings Purifier Works. — The first bran duster of this 
 kind was built in i860, by Wm. W. Huntley and Simeon Howes, in the shop 
 of E. Montgomery & Co., Silver Creek. Before a trial of the instrument 
 had been made, Howes sold his entire interest to Montgomery & Co., who, 
 in 1862, sold it to a party in Indiana. In the same year, Mr. Huntley began 
 the construction of another one, and soon sold a half interest to Alpheus 
 Babcock. The machine was completed, and a patent obtained in 1863. It 
 was sold for $100; and three others were built that year by Huntley. In 
 1864, 16 were sold ; in 1865, 46. The sales continued to increase, until 
 they numbered several hundred annually. In 1869, Huntley and Babcock 
 greatly improved their machine ; and the improvements were patented in 
 1870. Babcock now sold his interest to Frank L. Swift, who, in 187 1, sold 
 
HANOVER. 413 
 
 to Abel P. Holcomb. In 1872, Huntley & Holcomb began to construct the 
 Excelsior Disintegrating Middlings Purifier, from plans invented and patented 
 by them. In October, 1872, August Heine bought a third interest in the 
 concern. In 1873, the firm bought another patent, the right of which had 
 been contested by two claimants ; the company buying out both parties. 
 Their shops were now crowded to their utmost capacity, without suppljring 
 the demand. In 1 869, the first machine was shipped to England for trial, which 
 proved entirely successful. Hundreds have since been sent to England, Ire- 
 land, and Scotland, superseding those manufactured in those countries. Large 
 numbers are also sent to Canada, and to the South American states. Depots 
 have been established for their sale in California and Oregon. The manu- 
 facture of the middlings purifier had hardly commenced before the comple- 
 tion of their three-story shop and the requisite machinery, in February, 1873. 
 To meet the demand, it was necessary to employ upwards of 40 men. The 
 material consumed the first year, [1873,] was : Of lumber, about 100,000 
 feet ; castings, 40 tons ; wrought iron, 10 tons ; producing 340 machines, 
 the sales of which amounted to $112,401. 
 
 FORESTVILLE. 
 
 Jehiel Moore, a narive of Conn., and a son of Capt. Roger Moore, a soldier 
 of the Revolution, was bom Sept. 17, 1774. After a residence with his father 
 at Butternuts, N. Y., and Salmon Creek, N. Y., he came to Chautauqua Co. 
 In 1808, he opened a bush road from the Erie road to the falls of Walnut 
 creek, at Forestville, and built the first saw-mill at that place, below the falls. 
 In 1809, he removed his family in, and erected the first grist-mill in Forest- 
 ville, and finished it the next spring. He is said to have built the first house 
 in that village. He was captain of a company in the war of 18 12. After 
 the burning of Buffalo he became disheartened, and declared he would not 
 live in a state that had so disgraced itself; and in February following, [1814,] 
 he removed with his family to Hamilton Co., O., where he died Dec, 18 17, 
 aged 43. His wife died there before him. His children returned to this 
 county in 18 18. Four of them went to Cayuga county. He was a good 
 officer, a brave man, and an excellent pioneer settler. 
 
 Jonathan L. Bartoo, from Sangerfield, N. Y., settled in Hanover, in 18 14; 
 having previously labored in Pomfret for several years as a mill-wright. He 
 removed to Erie Co., where he died in 1852. His sons John and Augustus 
 reside in Forestville ; Jesse, in Will Co., Illinois. 
 
 Samuel Swan is beUeved to have been the first blacksmith in Forestville. 
 Daniel Barber, from Madison Co., was an early blacksmith, and built the 
 brick house, now owned by Newton Smith. John Hurlbut, from Connecti- 
 cut, came to Forestville in 1824. He was a blacksmith, and is said to have 
 been also the first wagon-maker in the place. He died in 1863. His widow 
 resides in the village. Their children are : Mary, wife of Norman B. Brown, 
 merchant; John F., Simon L., William, and Olive. All reside in town, 
 except William, in Nevada. 
 
414 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 Albert H. Camp, from Whitesboro', N. Y., came to Hanover as a merchant's 
 clerk, in 1817, and commenced business on his own account at Forestville in 
 1820, and continued in business there between 30 and 40 years. During a 
 part of this time he was, as elsewhere stated, associated with Wm. Colvill. 
 He is said to have been previously, for a time, in partnership with Wm. Hol- 
 brook, in the same business. 
 
 Benj. Eastwood settled at Forestville, and owned a part of the land on 
 which the village stands. Mr. E. gave to the Baptists the lot on which their 
 meeting-house stands. 
 
 Robert Morrison settled near Forestville in the year 1815. His sons were 
 John, Adolphus F., Robert, Ransom S., Wilson, and Orrin. John, Adolphus 
 and Orrin were merchants in Forestville for many years. Orrin built and 
 kept a hotel in Forestville, which was subsequently owned by Elias Carring- 
 ton, and was burned in 1873. Orrin is now in Alabama. Adolphus was, in 
 1843, a member of assembly. The first three above named are deceased. 
 
 John McClanathan was an early settler near Forestville. His son John 
 B., who married a daughter of Nathan Mixer, resides at Fredonia. William 
 McClanathan settled 3 m. south from Forestville. His son Corydon lives 
 near the homestead. Samuel Vincent, son-in-law of William McClanathan, 
 resides in Silver Creek. John and Wm. McC. are both deceased. 
 
 Rev. James Bennett, from Madison Co., was an early merchant and inn- 
 keeper, and is said to have been the first ordained minister [Baptist] in For- 
 estville. Rev. Benj. P. Hill settled early near Forestville, where he resided 
 until his death. He was a Methodist, and itinerated for many years over 
 the surrounding country. His son John also was a preacher, and died in 
 Pennsylvania. 
 
 The first mills at Forestville, we are told, were built by Jehiel Moore ; a 
 saw-mill in 1808, and a grist-mill in 1809 and 18 10. Another informant 
 says, Anderson built the saw-mill, having bought the grist-mill and farm of 
 Moore ; then sold the property to Pope, who sold to Colvill. 
 
 A carding and cloth-dressing establishment was built about 1820, by Harvey 
 Holbrook, son of Daniel, below Forestville, where is now a woolen factory, 
 owned by Norton Brown. 
 
 Hanover claims the honor of having produced the largest tree in the 
 county — perhaps the largest in the state. It was a black walnut, and stood 
 a short distance west of the Fredonia road bridge across Walnut creek, which 
 takes its name from this famed tree. This tre^ was 27 feet in circumference 
 and 9 feet in diameter. It was very tall and straight; and the lowest limb 
 was 70 feet above the ground. It was blown down on the 22d of April, 
 1822. Being hollow at the butt, about 12 feet was cut off firom the lower 
 end, and the inside worked down and smoothed out, leaving a shell about 4 
 inches thick. While lying on the ground, a man, it is said, rode through it 
 on horseback. It was raised on end, and used for some time as a grocery ; 
 and on one occasion by a ladies' tea-party. An old settler says it was sold 
 for $200 to Titus Roberts and Stearns, who mounted it on a carriage 
 
HANOVER. 415 
 
 fitted up for its transportation, and started on a tour of exhibition. The 
 Erie canal having just been completed, they moved their curiosity toward 
 the canal. On their arrival at Lockport,' or some other point near that 
 place, as our informant [now deceased] said, their expenses having exceeded 
 their receipts, they abandoned their enterprise and returned. Another 
 party, having got possession of the tree, took it to New York, and after 
 a tolerably successful exhibition, disposed of it. It was taken to England, 
 and put into a London museum, where it was destroyed by fire. 
 
 The Fredonia Censor, of Dec. 27, 1826, contains the following, takenfrom 
 a New York paper : 
 
 " The proprietor of the new Museum in Chatham street, has engaged, for 
 a short time, a most wonderful production of nature, the Big Black IValnut 
 Tree from Lake Erie. This immense curiosity measures 31 feet in circum- 
 ference, and is universally admitted to be the largest production of the vege- 
 table world. The inside of this tree is hollowed out, and most splendidly 
 fitted and furnished as a drawing room, and contains, with other ornaments, 
 an orginal letter of Geo. Washington. There have been inside of this tree, 
 at one time, 39 persons standing and 17 sitting. From this fact some idea 
 can be formed of this giant of the forest." 
 
 A few weeks later, a New York paper says : " This great and most mterest- 
 ing curiosity will be exhibited for a few weeks longer. The number of visit- 
 ors who have been seated in this tree, now amounts to nearly 10,000, among 
 whom we had the pleasure of seeing his excellency, the Governor, and his 
 lady, the late Chancellor Sanford, the Hon. Mayor and Recorder, and several 
 of the corporation of the city; all of whom expressed their delight." 
 
 In 1828, the arrival of the "Big Walnut" in London was announced. The 
 London Literary Gazette said : "A calculation has been made showing that 
 this tree would contain, on shelves projecting not more than six inches, 3,000 
 volumes." A New York paper said, the Big Walnut was sold for $3,000, 
 previously to its being taken to England. It had produced twice that sum 
 during its exhibition. It was sold in London, July 10, 1828, >to the proprie- 
 tor of the British diorama. 
 
 Irving. 
 
 This name was given to the settlement at the old ferry, where the railroad 
 d^pot now is. The village now includes what was formerly called La Grange, 
 one mile above the old ferrying place. It was named in honor of La Fay- 
 ette, who resided at La Grange, in France. Irving gave promise of becoming 
 a place of considerable importance. In the expectation of the terminus of 
 the New York & Erie railroad being fixed near the mouth of Cattaraugus 
 creek, a large village plot was surveyed by a company of capitalists, among 
 whose members were Erastus Coming, Samuel B. Ruggles, Wm. L. Marcy, 
 OHver Lee, Addison Gardner, Heman J. Redfield, John Cotes, Thomas B. 
 Stoddard, A. G. Stevens, Ezekiel B. Gumsey, Dr. Henry P. Wilcox, and 
 Wm. Samuel Johnson. Several appropriations for harbor improvement were 
 made by Congress ; and Lieut. R. T. P. Allen, of the U. S. topographicai 
 engineers, was superintendent Dunkirk having been decided on for th« 
 
4l6 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 terminus of the railroad, and Congress having withheld further appropria.tions, 
 the city project and the prospective fortunes were never realized. A project 
 of Joseph EUicott was to tap the Cattaraugus about three miles above its 
 mouth, and conduct the water along the side of the hill, to furnish a good 
 water power at Irving. This company revived the project, which, for the 
 reasons mentioned, failed with the general enterprise. It was intended to 
 make Irving a great manufacturing place. 
 
 Smith's Mills is a small post village a short distance east from Hanover 
 Center, near the Erie railroad, and was the residence of the late Rodney R. 
 Smith, whose sketch will be found on another page. It contains a hotel, a 
 school-house, and the usual mechanic shops. In 1865, Martin & Co. estab- 
 lished a tannery there, which affords employment to upwards of 20 persons, 
 and is said to consume annually 2,500 cords of bark, and to tan 30,000 sides 
 of leather. Its population, in 1870, was 128. 
 
 Nashville is situated on the east line of the town, and has a post-office, 
 two churches, a store, a blacksmith shop, and a cheese factory, which uses 
 the milk of 600 cows, and manufactures annually about 130,000 pounds of 
 cheese. The place takes its name from Deacon Silas Nash, an early settler. 
 
 Biographical and Genealogical. 
 
 * 
 
 Cyrus D. Angell, a native of Hanover, was bom April 24, 1826. 
 The Angell family was a pioneer, not only in the settlement of this county, 
 but of the United States. The line is distinctly traced to one of that name who 
 accompanied Roger Williams to America. In the dead of winter, 1836, 
 Williams left Salem to seek among the Indians of Narragansett the Christian 
 freedom denied him in Puritan Massachusetts. Although his church was 
 numerous and devoted to him, and many did eventually cast their lot with 
 his, \i\i.\. five persons followed him in his perilous midwinter journey. The 
 intrepid clergyman records, that he was " sorely tossed for fourteen weeks, 
 not knowing what bed or bread did mean." One of the five devoted fol- 
 lowers was a lad of only 18 years. His name was Thomas Angell. He 
 came from England with Williams in 163 r, being then 13 years of age. 
 Although he was one of the six original founders of the " Providence Planta- 
 tion," his name does not appear on the deed of settlement, for the reason that 
 being a minor, he was not eligible to receive and to hold property — a disa- 
 bility that has been obtained against very few who have helped to found 
 states ! He, however, received his allotment of land on attaining his major- 
 ity, and held and occupied it until his death. The estate thus honorably 
 acquired from the Indian owners, by purchase, and subsequently confirmed 
 by royal patent of the British crown, the family of Thomas Angell hold in 
 unbroken title to this day. 
 
 In 1652, he was appointed by the colonists to be one of the six commis- 
 sioners to frame a code of laws for their governance ; and he retained the 
 confidence of his fellow-citizens to the day of his death, in 1694. He left two 
 sons to perpetuate his name. His descendants seem to have inherited much 
 
HANOVER. 417 
 
 of his patriotic qualities. The name appears frequently in the history of the 
 old French and the Revolutionary wars. Col. Samuel Angell was in com- 
 mand of the Rhode Island troops in 1857, in the attack on the Fort William 
 Henry. Col. William Angell distinguished himself in the Revolution, by his 
 gallantry and patriotism, for which he received two gold medals, one from 
 Washington ; the other from Lafayette. Joseph Angell, a descendant of 
 Thomas, was the author of legal works which have obtained such a recogni- 
 tion in English courts as is accorded to few American law-writers. Another 
 descendant is the late Hon. Anson Burlingarae, late United States minister 
 to China. The family genealogy is traced from the brave English lad, in the 
 following line : Thomas Angell died in 1694 ; John Angell, in 1720 ; Daniel 
 Angell, in 1750; Nedabiah Angell, in 1786; Esek Angell, in 1836; Ethan 
 Angell, bom in 1798; died in 1870; Cyrus D. Angell, bom in 1826, now 
 of Forestville. 
 
 Ethan Angell, father of Cyrus D. Angell, was born in Pownal, Vt. His 
 childhood was passed in Berkshire Co., Mass., but he left home, in 1816, for 
 the western wilds; and the boy pioneer joined his elder brother, Nedabiah, 
 who had settled in Pomfret, [now Hanover,] in 1810, about four miles east 
 of the present site of Forestville, and there resided until 1833, and again 
 justified his family name, and departed for the wilderness, where now is 
 Michigan. The locality of his choice in Hanover, has ever since borne the 
 name of Angell Settlement. 
 
 Ethan Angell first settled upon a farm about a mile east of Hanover Cen- 
 ter. In 1819, he married Margaret Dawley. Three children were born to 
 them — two daughters and a son. In 1822, he removed to Angell Settlement, 
 where he resided, a respected citizen, till the day of his death, June 18, 1870. 
 The Angell homestead in Hanover, like that in Rhode Island, still remains 
 in the family, being now the property of C. D. Angell. 
 
 The present representative of this long and honorable line, Cyrus D. An- 
 gell, was born at Hanover Center, April 24, 1826. He was for several years 
 engaged in farming, mercantile, and real estate affairs in Hanover. In 1863, 
 he was elected supervisor of the town. He was postmaster at Forestville 
 from 1861 until his resignation in 1869. 
 
 The discovery of petroleum in Western Pennsylvania, attracted enterprising 
 men from all parts of the Union, among them Mr. Angell. He first explored 
 for oil successfully in the river portion of Venango county, in 1867, and sub- 
 sequently made fortunate ventures at Belle Isle, a little island in the Allegany 
 river, 32 miles from Oil City. He studied the rationale of oil developments, 
 and succeeded in tracing, on the earth's surface, the subterranean oil fields. 
 This was done, not by the aid of any " divining rod " jugglery, but by a care- 
 fully evolved theory, matured and demonstrated by successful "strikes." The 
 plan of operating thus invented is known as the "Angell oil belt theory;" 
 and from the date of its promulgation, oil developments have proceeded 
 upon its principles. Guided by this great idea, Mr. Angell and others struck 
 out boldly into unknown territory ; and the result was the opening of the 
 27 
 
4(8 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 great oil fields of lower Venango, Armstrong, Butler, and other counties. 
 This remarkable theory and the train of investigation that led to its inven- 
 tion, may be found fully elucidated in an article published in the New York 
 Tribune of June 8, 1870. 
 
 Mr. Angell was married at Belleville, Aug. 9, 1848, to Lucina A. Shepard, 
 daughter of Rev. G. Shepard. They have three children : a son, Elgin A., 
 and two daughters, Isabel and Georgie. 
 
 Dr. Amos R. Avery was born in Brookfield, Madison Co., in 1805. His 
 parents were from Conn. He came to Forestville in 1833, as a physician, 
 and has remained here to the present time. There is now no practicing 
 physician in the county who was in practice here when Dr. Avery came. He 
 was a graduate of Fairfield Medical College, Herkimer Co., N. Y., and was 
 married, in 1831, at Brownville, Jefferson Co., to Lucina Allen, of Turin, 
 Lewis Co. His grandfather was at the memorable massacre at Wyoming. 
 The family, consisting of 8 persons — parents and children — were taken pris- 
 oners by the Indians ; were kept three days, and released, and returned to 
 Connecticut. Dr. Avery has 2 children : Agnes, wife of John E. White, real 
 estate clerk, in New York. Sherman S., a graduate of Cornell University, 
 an attorney at law ; married Mary Swift, of Forestville, and resides at Petro- 
 lia, and is cashier of Argyle savings bank. 
 
 William Colvill, from Scotland, in 1820, settled with his family at Forest- 
 ville. He bought a farm, on which part of the village now stands, and the 
 grist-mill early built by Jehiel Moore, which he greatly enlarged and im- 
 proved. Mr. Colvill resided here until the time of his death. The children 
 of Mr. Colvill were : Margery, the wife of Albert H. Camp ; William, who 
 married Mary Love; Daniel G., a physician at Forestville; George, who 
 married Hannah Tubbs ; Jane, the wife of Ernest Mullett ; and Margaret, 
 the wife of Augustus F. Corey, of Elmira. 
 
 William Colvill, Jr., son of the above, was born in Scotland, in March, 
 1797, and emigrated with his father to this county in 1820, and continued 
 his residence in Forestville until his death, August 9, 1874. He early formed 
 a partnership with Albert H. Camp in the mercantile business, under the 
 firm of Camp & Colvill. Mr. Colvill had other mercantile connections. 
 In 1837, '46, '50, and '51, he was supervisor of Hanover. He was educa- 
 ted in the best schools in his native land ; and among his early tutors was 
 the famous Thomas Carlyle. His wife died about four years ago. His 
 children were : i. Jane, wife of John D. Wheat, and has removed to Minne- 
 sota. 2. Elizabeth, the wife of Wm. P. Tanner, in Minnesota. 3. Mary, 
 the wife of Daniel Sherman, attorney at law, Forestville. 4. William, who 
 served as colonel in the late war, and was disabled by a wound received ih 
 battle. He was since, for a time, editor of the Goodhue County Republican, 
 at Red Wing, Minn., and now resides in that vicinity. 5. George, who 
 resides at Forestville. 
 
 Thomas G. Ellis came from Madison Co. to Forestville in 1831, where 
 he established himself in the cabinet-making business, which he continued 
 
^' 
 
 f?;^:^ f-j ^j-^-^'i //! 
 
HANOVER. 419 
 
 until near the present time, when it was assumed by his son, Francis D. Ellis. 
 He held for many years the office of justice of the peace in this town. He 
 was married, in 1826, to Sophia Dickinson, of Jefferson Co. Their children 
 were : Francis D., who was married, first, to Abi Phillips ; second, to Jennie 
 Hall, of Portland; Mary, who resides at home, unmarried; Irvine A., who 
 went to California in 1851 ; was inspector in the custom-house in San Fran- 
 cisco ; assisted in surveying Southern California ; was a clerk of the senate 
 of California ; quarter-master 4 years in the late war ; and returned to the 
 custom-house, where he was employed at the time of his death. 
 
 Jeremiah Ellsworth .was borij in Charleston, N. Y., Dec. 16, 1800. 
 His father, Alexander Ellsworth, was a native of Windsor, Conn. He was 
 married to Tryphena Marshall, and removed to Charleston, N. Y., where he 
 remained till 1801, when he removed to Decatur, Otsego Co., where he died 
 in 1802. Jeremiah, who was then about two years old, remained with his 
 mother until he was 16, when he left home to provide for himself. Though 
 his early educational advantages were quite limited, he had acquired a good 
 English education, and a sufficient knowledge of other languages to enable 
 him to go through the study of medicine, and to graduate with honor after 
 having attended three courses of lectures at the Berkshire Medical Institute, 
 Mass. After having paid, from his own earnings, the entire expense of his 
 educational course, he had the means of procuring a good outfit of a horse 
 and carriage, and a good medical library, and to pay for a year's board. In 
 July, 1828, he came to Chautauqua Co., and commenced practice; and, 
 May 13, 1829, he was married to Relief Holman, of Worcester Co., Mass., 
 and settled at Silver Creek. In 1846, he removed to Ellington ; in 1854 to 
 Gerry ; in 1856 to Panama, where he resided until 1864, when he removed to 
 Corry, Pa., where he now resides. While he resided in Ellington, he was 
 elected twice to the assembly, and at the last session was the candidate of 
 the minority party for speaker. In 1873, at the age of 73, he was unani- 
 mously elected mayor of the city of Corry. In Chautauqua county, he was 
 several times elected to the office of justice of the peace. He had 10 chil- 
 dren : I. Jerome, who married Mary Leet, of Ellington, and died there in 
 1 85 1. 2. Byron, who married Alice McKenzie, of Mayville. He was 
 treasurer of Chautauqua county, and now resides in Corry, Pa. 3. Irving, 
 who died in lovva, unmarried. 4. LeRoy, who married Gelany Edict, and died 
 in Union, Pa. 5. Levantia, died in infancy. 6. Sarah Elvira, wife of Fred 
 Saxton, Corry, Pa. 7. Celestia Helen, wife of Alexander McKenzie, of May- 
 ville. 8, 9. Edward and Elizabeth, twins, died inf 10. Frank D., who 
 married Hattie Hart, and resides in Corry. 
 
 Daniel Farnham, from Madison Co., in 181 1, settled on lot 51, on land 
 bought in 1810. He had 6 sons : Daniel, Porter, Fry, Harmon H., Thomas 
 H., John W., in Wisconsin. Only Fry and John are living. Fry is a carpen- 
 ter and joiner ; has 4 daughters : Sylvia, wife of Newton Smith, Grand Rapids, 
 Mich. ; Annisteen, wife of Rodney B. Scott, Hanover ; Ellen, who married 
 Jas. D. Nutting, Silver Creek ; Ella, wife of Bristol Carrington, Forestville. 
 
420 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 Charles B. Gage was bom in Hanover, Chautauqua Co., N. Y., May 21, 
 1820. His grandfather, Asa Gage, was born at Milford, Mass., in 1756, and 
 served nearly 7 years in the war for American independence. His wife was 
 Mary Boton, born Feb. 22, 1762. They had 13 children, all born within 
 the space of 20 years and 8 months ; the first having been bom July 4, 1782; 
 the last, March 13, 1803. From r782 to 1788, there was a birth every year, 
 except 1785. There were 8 sons and 5 daughters. Jones Gage, a son, the 
 father of Charles B. Gage, was bom March 4, 1787, and was married to 
 Philena Cook, who was bom Nov. 14, 1790. He removed from Jamaica, 
 Vt., to Hanover, one mile west from Silver CreeK, and three years after to 
 the south-west part of the town, lot 48. In 1843, he removed to Wisconsin, 
 where he died. He also had 13 children, 10 sons and 3 daughters. Of 
 these, 12 passed the age of infancy, of whom 7 are living. Only Charles B. 
 remains in the county, the rest having removed to the western states. Chas. 
 B. Gage was married, Dec. 11, 1842, to Electa A. Sage, who was born Nov. 
 16, 1817, and died May 22, 1844, leaving a daughter, Clarissa A., who mar- 
 ried James Melvin, and had twin children, Charles L. and Daisey Adelia ; 
 both parents deceased. Mr. Gage married, second, Adelia M. Sage, Oct. 8, 
 1844. Their children were: Malcom W., who died in the army in the late war, 
 of sickness; EUza J., Ora C, Belinda S., De Ette A. Mr. Gage resides on 
 the farm on which his father permanently settled in 1820, and where he re- 
 sided 51 years. 
 
 Whipple Hawkins was born at Providence, R. I., March 15, 1787; re- 
 moved to Newport, Herkimer Co., N. Y., at the age of 5 years. He was 
 married at Brownville, Jefferson Co., to Mary Brown ; removed to Buffalo in 
 181 7; to Boston, Erie Co., in 1822 ; thence to Forestville, May i, 1822 ; 
 and in 1828 to Pennsylvania, where he died at the residence of a daughter, 
 in 1866. Mrs. Hawkins died in Aurora, 111., in 1854. They had 11 chil- 
 dren — 5 sons and 6 daughters ; of whom only one, Henry H., remained in 
 this county. 
 
 Henry H. Hawkins, son of Whipple Hawkins, was bom Dec. 7, 1809. 
 Having served an apprenticeship at the blacksmith's trade with his father, he 
 formed a partnership with Elijah Dewey in 1830; established the business 
 at Irving in the spring of 1831, and continued it there until 1846. He was 
 for some time a farmer near Hanover Center. He left the farm and came to 
 Silver Creek, where, in partnership with William R. Greenleaf, he was en- 
 gaged in the manufacture of steam engines and mill machinery for about 5 
 years. In 1857, he went into the mercantile business alone, continuing his 
 interest in the machine manufacture until 1859 ; and has continued the mer- 
 cantile business till the present time. He was elected a justice of the peace 
 in Hanover, in 1838 ; supervisor, in 1847 ; and was a loan commissioner 6 
 years. He was often intrusted with the responsible business of settling 
 estates. He was married to Sarah K. Thorn, and had five children, of 
 whom three are living, i. Portia Thorn, wife of George A. Hodson, and 
 resides at Clinton, Iowa. 2. Sarah Elizabeth, vnfe of Theodore Stewart, 
 
HANOVER. 421 
 
 assistant cashier of the Bank of Silver Creek. 3. Marcus Henry. Two died 
 in infancy. 
 
 Oliver Lee was born in Lebanon, Conn., Dec. 23, 1791. He came to 
 Genesee county in 1813, and settled in Orangeville, now Wyoming county, 
 and opened up a farm^ on which he lived many years. He was an early 
 constable, and was subsequently appointed a deputy sheriflF, when the county 
 of Genesee extended east to Genesee river, and nortlf to Lake Ontario. He 
 removed to Warsaw, where he kept a public house a few years. In 1823, 
 he went into the mercantile business in Sheldon, and continued it for one 
 year. In 1825, he came to Westfield, where, in partnership with John Mc- 
 Whorter, he pursued the same business several years. In the fall of 1827, 
 he commenced trade at Silver Creek, having purchased the mill and farm 
 previously owned by John E. Howard. In 1828, he removed his family 
 thither, and in the same year took into partnership Clark C. Swift, and, under 
 the firm name of Lee & Swift, continued business until 1832. He again 
 resumed business, and in 1840, he took as partner his son Charles H. Lee, 
 and retired from the mercantile business a few years after. In 1839, he es- 
 tablished the Bank of Silver Creek, and in 1844 Oliver Lee & Co.'s Bank of 
 Buffalo. He died suddenly in Buffalo, July 28, 1846. Mr. Lee was married 
 in Connecticut, Oct. 30, 1813, to Eliza Downer, who was born July 22, 1794. 
 They had 9 children, besides two who died in infancy, i. Eunice, who was 
 the wife of Clark C. Swift, and died March 6, 1866. 2. Caroline, who 
 resides at Silver Creek. 3. Charles H. 4. Eliza, wife of Wm. H. Abell, 
 of Buffalo. 5. James H., who married Lucretia M. Clark, and lives 
 in Buffalo, and is engaged there with his brother Charles, in mercantile 
 and other business. 6. Franklin, who married Marianne Waith, daughter of 
 the late Rev. Wm. Waith, Sr., and resides at Lancaster ; is a coal merchant, 
 [firm of Lee & Loomis,] Buffalo. 7. Helen, wife of Henry Montgomery, of 
 the firm of Clark, Holland & Co., in the planing business, Buffalo. 8. John 
 M., now in California. 9. Maria L., wife of Chauncey G. Talcott, a tanner 
 and currier, at Silver Creek. 
 
 Cephas R. Leland had his descent from Henry Leland, the common an- 
 cestor of the Leland family in America. Of this family was John Leland, 
 an eminent minister of the Baptist denomination. C. R. Leland, in 1827, 
 removed with his father, Asa Leland, from Chester, Vt., to Otto, Cattaraugus 
 Co., N. Y. Having, for a short period of time, attended the academy in his 
 native place, and for aiew months the academy at Springville, Erie Co., he 
 engaged in the study of law, and in teaching school to obtain funds to defray 
 the expense of his education, and to support some helpless members of his 
 father's family. In 1832, he made a profession of religion and became a 
 member of the Baptist church. He was admitted as an attorney and coun- 
 sellor at law in 1835, and settled at Irving. He held for many years the 
 office of postmaster at that place; and in 1846 he was appointed, by Gov. 
 Wright, attorney for the Seneca nation of Indians. The temperance cause 
 
 % 
 sfit 
 
 had the benefit of his example, exhortations, and writings. An active 
 
422 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 member of the church, the sabbath school system was an instrument through 
 which he lent his influence for good. The third church of Hanover was 
 organized in his house ; and from that time till his removal thence, it received 
 the aid of his prayers and his substance. The religious and benevolent insti- 
 tutions of the day found in him a patriotism alike practical and discerning. 
 In August, 1850, he removed with his family to Milwaukee, Wis., where he 
 died suddenly on the 8th of September, about four weeks after his arrival. 
 In 1835, he was married to Orphea Powers, his fifth cousin, who also was 
 connected with the common ancestry. She was bom in Sempronius, N. Y., 
 February 22, 1810, and resided in that town and Lansing until 1833. She 
 was married at Gowanda, and immediately removed to Irving with her hus- 
 band. She was educated at the academies in Moravia and Ithaca, N. Y. 
 She made a profession of religion in 1827, and became a member of the 
 Episcopal church; and in 1839 she joined the Baptist church. She died 
 August I, 1870. Mr. Leiand had two children : Cyrus /"., who was born at 
 Irving, July 31, 1836, and is now auditor of the Lake Shore & Michigan 
 Southern Railroad Company, living at Cleveland, O., the sole survivor of the 
 family ; and Jennie, bom August 28, 1 838, and was married to George W. 
 Perry, Esq., of Superiorj| Wis., Aug. 7, 1856, and died July 9, 1863. 
 
 George Love,' from Madison Co., settled near Forestville in 1820, where 
 he resided until hris^ath. He is said to have first suggested the present 
 name of the villj^5|r- He was a brother of Thomas C. Love, of Buffalo, 
 many years sincei.a';iiei|iber of Congress from that district. The children of 
 George Love were r 'Mary, wife of Wm. Colvill, Jr.; Maria, who died at 19 ; 
 Levi, married, and lives in Ohio ; Louisa, unmarried ; Hannah, who resides 
 in Minn. ; George W., who married Abby Love, and resides at Forestville ; 
 Laura, wife of James D. Warren, of Buffalo, co-proprietor of the Commercial 
 Advertiser; Melissa, wife of Hiram Smith, of Jamestown; Maria, who died 
 at 6 ; and Albert T., who married Mary Warren, Newstead. 
 
 Nathan Mixer was bom in Framingham, Mass., May 4, 1786, and re- 
 moved with his father's family to Madison Co.; and thence, in 1817, to 
 Hanover, having bought the year previous of Jonathan Bartoo his mill .prop- 
 erty, and the farm on which John A., son of Nathan Mixer, now resides, near 
 Forestville, where he resided until his death, Jan. 11, 1871. He was super- 
 visor of the town ten years. In 1825, '28 and '29, he was a member of 
 assembly, and for a number of years an associate judge of the county court. 
 He became a member of the Baptist church, and gave to it during the 
 remainder of his life an active and efficient support, and was a friend and 
 promoter of benevolent institutions generally. He was married in Madison 
 Co., June 20, 1808, to Rhods Frink, and in 1817 removed to this town, as 
 above stated. Mrs. Mixer was bom Feb. 19, 1791. The children of Na- 
 than and Rhoda Mixer were : i. Sarah, wife of Moses Sperry, deceased ; 
 she resides in Rochester. 2. Sylvia, who married Levi Warren ; they reside 
 in California. 3. Nancy, wife of John B. McClanathan, of Fredonia. 4. 
 Elbridge G., who married Nancy Walker, of Fredonia, moved to Detroit, 
 
A- k 
 
 \~ry > 
 

 r 
 
HANOVER. 423 
 
 where he died Sept. i, 1855 ; both deceased. 5. Henry, who married Emily 
 F. Curtis, of New York, and died in Brooklyn, where the family resides. 
 
 6. Sylvester F., who married Mary E. Knowlton ; is a physician at Buffalo. 
 
 7. Harriet, who died in i860, unmarried. 8. Jane, widow of Silas S. Calen- 
 dar, and resides in Rochester. 9. John A., who married Helen L. Sheldon, 
 and resides on the homestead. 10. Albert H, who married Jane L. Morse. 
 He is a graduate of Madison University, and is now professor of modem lan- 
 guages in the University of Rochester. 11. Warren N., who removed to 
 California. He was a machinist, and was employed in the construction of 
 a steamboat for the Russian government, on Amoor river. On his return 
 voyage, and within a day's sail of San Francisco, he was drowned in the 
 Pacific by falling overboard. 12. Rhoda, unmarried, died Sept. 18, 1848. 
 13. Emily, who married Henry M. Todd, and resides in Milwaukee. 14. 
 Byron S., unmarried, at Rochester. 
 
 NiRAM Sackett was bom October 31, 1797, at Stanford, Dutchess Co., 
 N. Y. He was married at Washington, in that county, Sept. 30, 1824, to 
 Catharine Thom, who was bom Dec. 19, 1806. He was commissioned by 
 Gov. De Witt Clinton a captain of the militia in 1822 ; and by Gov. Joseph 
 C. Yates as colonel in 1824. He was called out with his regiment to attend 
 at the reception of Gen. La Fayette at Poughkeepsie in 1824. At an early 
 age he commenced the mercantile business at Mabbettsville, which he con- 
 tinued until 1829, when he removed with his father-in-law, John I. Thorn, to 
 Chautauqua Co., and settled on Cattaraugus Flats, [now Irving.] He was 
 elected for several terms a justice of the peace in Hanover, and was for 
 many years an associate judge of the county courts. He died at Irving, 
 the 22d of Oct., 1869, of disease of the heart, aged 72. In the obituary no- 
 tice accompanying the announcement of his death, he is represented as 
 " affable and courteous in his manner, decided in his convictions, a man of 
 strict integrity and of comprehensive mind, and scrupulously just ; evincing, 
 in his judicial character, those qualities of mind and heart which made 
 him both the able and the just judge.'' His principal business during his 
 residence in the county was farming, in which he was successful ; leaving his 
 family abundantly provided for. His death was deeply lamented by his 
 family and the community generally. 
 
 Judge Niram Sackett had 6 children : i. Jehiel, who was born Sept. 15, 
 1825, and was married July 3, 1863, to Laura Sackett, by whom he had 2 
 children: Isabella, born April 16, 1864; and Marcus, bom Sept. 21, 1865. 
 2. John J., bom April 5, 1827, and married, June 10, 1858, to Henrietta 
 Harrison. They had 2 children ; Cora, bom Sept. 10, 1859 ; and Sarah, 
 bom Aug. r2, 1862. Mrs. Sackett (3ied Feb. 3, 1863; and Mr. S. married, 
 Oct. 6, 1868, Jane Watts, of North-east, Pa. They have a daughter, Ida T., 
 bom Nov. 20, 1873. 3. Josreph T., born March 4, 1829; married, Nov. i8, 
 1872, to Mrs. Sarah M. Canfield. He is a graduate of the Law School at 
 Albany, and resides in Brooklyn. 4. Marcus, bom Nov. 28, 1830 ; magied, 
 June 16, 1857, to Henrietta Seaman. They have a son, John S., bora June 
 
424 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 13, 1858. 5. Semantha, bom Sept. 28, 1832; married, • Aug. 8, 1861, to 
 Edward R. Stiles, Litchfield, 111., and has 2 children : Charles S., bom May 
 12, 1862; and Gertrude, bom Feb. 9, 1864. 6. Niram, Jr., bom June 29, 
 1835 ; married. Sept 28, 1865, to Arvilla L. Bonney ; and has 2 children : 
 Catharine A., bom Aug. 7, 1867 ; and Niram B., born Nov. 12, 1872. 
 
 Daniel Sherman, son of Daniel Sherman, was born in Busti, Nov. 29, 
 1S21. His early education was acquired in the district schools of his native 
 town ; it was pursued at Jamestown and Fredonia academies ; and his school 
 course was closed with the expiration of a three years' course of study at 
 Burr Seminary at Manchester, Vt In 1844, he commenced the study of law 
 with Abner Hazeltine and Emory F. Warren, of Jamestown, and was admit- 
 ted to practice July 4, 1848, and commenced practice at Forestville, and has 
 continued it there until the present time. He was elected district-attorney, 
 and served for the constitutional term of three years. He was appointed by 
 Gov. Clark attorney for the Indians, in which office he served under different 
 administrations for twelve years, and tendered his resignation in 1868. In 
 June, 1870, he was appointed, by the secretary of the interior, United States 
 agent for the several tribes of Indians in the state of New York ; to which 
 agency he was reappointed by the president, who had, by a law of Congress, 
 become vested with the power of appointment ; which agency has been con- 
 tinued till the present time. While attorney for the Seneca nation, he pros- 
 ecuted an action in their favor, by which the boundary of the reservation 
 was decided in the court of appeals to be in the center of the creek, instead 
 of on the north line of the stream, where it had been decided to be by the 
 lower courts in their interpretation of the treaties with the Indians. He also 
 prosecuted an action in which the Indians acquired a title to the Oil Spring 
 reservation, near Cuba, Allegany Co., the claim to which had been inadvertently 
 omitted in the treaty of Big Tree, in 1798, between the Seneca nation and 
 Robert Morris. By this omission the title had passed through Morris to the 
 Holland Land Company and their grantees. In this case, also, the Indian 
 title was confirmed by the court of appeals. He has been active in pro- 
 moting the interests of education. He served for several years as town 
 superintendent of schools. He participated in the successful effort to estab- 
 lish the Free Academy in Forestville. He has been a member of the board 
 of education, and most of the time its president. And he aided, by his pen 
 and otherwise, in obtaining the passage of a law appropriating $125,000 
 annually for distribution among the academies of the state. Mr. Sherman 
 was married, April 28, 1852, to Mary Colvill, daughter of Wm. Colvill, Jr., 
 who was bom Feb. 21, 1828. They had 5 children : Daniel ; Elizabeth, who 
 died at 18 ; Mary, William, and Julia- JC). ■' 
 
 Ebenezer Slawson was born in Schettectady Co., Aug. 17, 1795, and 
 removed firom Yates Co. to Chautauqua in 1822, and settled in Hanover, 2 
 miles west from Nashville, where he still resides. He was married in Penn 
 Yau to Betsey Carr, in 1813. For several years he spent his winters in teach- 
 ing school. He had 9 children, of whom 7 attained to the age Of majority : 
 
.iytj^uuiX (J ^ 
 
 U^t-l x,<.^^' < 
 

 <^ ^^ './ r -i-r^ 
 
HANOVER. 425 
 
 Silas N. ; Samuel; Melissa, wife of Roderick W. Rider, of Erie Co., Pa.; 
 Eliza, who married John Bettis, of Hanover, and is deceased ; Daniel K. ; 
 Caroline, wife of Daniel Merritt, of Forestville ; and John, who resides in 
 Michigan.. Mr. Slawson, after the death of his wife, married Lois Sprague, 
 and had by her two children, Ebenezer and Lola. 
 
 Silas Nash Slawson, son of Ebenezer Slawson, was bom in Penn Yan, 
 July 7, 1814, and removed with his father to Hanover in 1822. He was 
 married, Feb. 10, 1836, to Temperance LurajKy, daughter of Nathaniel Hop 
 per, of Hanover, who was born May 21, i8i6. Resettled near the residence 
 of his father. He has held several town offices of responsibility, and has 
 been for many years identified with the cause o^ education. In early life he 
 spent a part of his time for many years in teaching, and has, until lately, been 
 an active promoter of the cause of education. He held, during his resi- 
 dence in Perrysburgh, the office of town superintendent of schools, and for 
 the term of three years the office of county commissioner of schools. He 
 was also for several years a teacher and a school examiner in the state of 
 Pennsylvania. He has resided alternately in Hanover and Perrysburgh, 
 being the owner of a farm in each of these towns. The children of Silas N. 
 and Temperance were : i. Newton, who married Rose Brown, of Michigan, 
 and has a daughter, Minnie, and an infant son. He was for several years 
 before his marriage a school teacher. He twice made application for enlist- 
 ment in the late war, but was in both cases rejected on account of physical 
 disability. Desirous to contribute to the suppression- of the rebellion, he 
 hired a substitute. He has been twice elected a. justice of the peace, which 
 office he now holds. 2. Temperance, who died in infancy. 3. Samuel E., a 
 merchant in Perrysburgh. ;^'i •; 
 
 Rodney B. Smith was born Feb. 5, 1799, in Whately, HaiSopden Co., 
 Mass. His fether was Isaac Smith ; and his mother's maiden name was Mor- 
 ton. They had 9 children, of whom Rodney was the fourth. In 1802, they 
 removed to Gorham, Ontario Co., N. Y., and in 1810 t6 Sheridan, and soon 
 after to Hanover. The county was then almost an entire wilderness ; and 
 the hardships of pioneer life were the lot of the family. His father was in 
 the war of 181 2, and shared in the memorable disaster at Buffalo. The 
 forced march from Buffalo to his home induced a fever, which resulted in his 
 death. The next year the mother died, leaving 9 children, the eldest, Henry 
 B.. being but 18 years of age. Henry was soon after called into service, and 
 being the only one capable of rendering assistance to the orphan children, 
 Rodney, at the age of 15, volunteered to take his place, and was in the army 
 at Chippewa, Black Rock, and Williamsville. At the age of 20 he married 
 Achsah Blodgett ; and for 32 years they shared the fortunes of pioneer life, 
 raising a family of 14 children — 7 sons and 7 daughters. Twelve of them 
 attained to manhood and womanhood. About the year.- 1824, Mr. Smith be- 
 came a sub-contractor under Sheldon Thompson and Ira Bird, for the con- 
 struction of the Black Rock dam in connection with the Erie canal, and sub- 
 sequently for work on the canal, where he remained until its completion. 
 
426 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 He returned to his late residence, now generally known as " Smith's Mills," 
 and purchased of his elder brother a small mill and a farm, both of which he 
 improved, and added to his business that of a distillery, tannery, and a 
 store. These several branches of business he prosecuted with success for 
 more than thirty years. In 1842, his eldest son Hiram became a co-part- 
 ner ; and, under the firm name of R. B. Smith & Co., the business was 
 conducted for 18 years, when, in 1861, the business having been for a few 
 years financially unsuccessful, the partnership was dissolved. 
 
 George W. Tew was bom in Rensselaerville, Albany Co., N. Y., April 
 15, 1804, and removed with his father's family to Otsego Co., in 1810. He 
 received his education in th^common school. In 1825, he came to James- 
 town ; and having learned the tinner's trade, he commenced business there, 
 and continued it till 1829. He then commenced the study of law with Sam- 
 uel A. Brown, and was admitted to practice in the fall of 1831, and imme- 
 diately commenced practice in partnership with Mr. Brown. In 1834, he 
 was elected county clerk, and was reelected in r837 for the second term. 
 In the spring of 1841, being chosen cashier of the Bank of Silver Creek, he 
 removed to that place ; and in 18 — , he became president of that institution, 
 which position he has held till the present time. Mr. Tew was married. May 
 25, 1825, to Mary D. Alger, in Otsego Co., and had 4 children, one of whom 
 died in childhood. Mr. Tew married, second, June 4, 1840, Mrs. Caroline 
 Reynolds, who had 3 children. Of the six children living, are four daughters 
 and two sons, George W., Jr., and William ; both of whom reside in James- 
 town, and have been cashiers of the Second National Bank in that place. 
 
 Nathan P. Turner, a native of Rhode Island, removed with his father's 
 family to Connecticut, and thence to Herkimer Co., N. Y. In 1826, he 
 commenced working in a cotton factory, in which business he continued for 
 12 years, having become its superintendent. In 1837, he settled in Han- 
 over, 2 Y-i miles south from Forestville, and cleared a farm ; which he sold, 
 and settled where he now resides, i^ miles east from Forestville. He 
 served as a deputy under Sherifif Andrews. He has 3 daughters, who are 
 the wives, respectively, of Reuben B. Parmelee, Forestville ; of Orren Cran- 
 ston ; and [Eflfa] of Wesley Ball, Villenova. 
 
 David Webb came with his father from Madison Co., in t8i8, and settled 
 about one mile south from Nashville, and has since resided in this town, 
 most of the time in Forestville, where he now resides, and where he formerly 
 carried on the tinning and stove business. He married Sarah Thrall, who 
 died April 29, 1874. A daughter, Lydia F., is the wife of Albert W. Hull, 
 a lawyer, in Forestville. Andrew J., a son, is a merchant in Forestville ; 
 John M. resides in Michigan ; William, in Forestville ; Sarah A., wife of 
 Milton A. Potter, in Iowa ; Mary J., wife of John Rollins, Texas. 
 
 Churches and other Associations. 
 
 T7u First Baptist Church of Hanover. — The records of this church prior 
 to 1833 being lost, the date of its formation can not be given with certainty. 
 
HANOVER. 427 
 
 According to the recollections of some of its earliest members or surviving 
 friends, it was organized, in 181 1, by Rev. Joy Handy, who is spoken of as 
 its " founder." It is designated, " The First Hanover Baptist Church, Nash- 
 ville." Its constituent members were : Dea. Joseph Brdwnell and Rebecca, 
 his wife ; Dea. Salmon Munger and Charlotte, his wife ; Uriah Nash and 
 Ada, his wife ; John Huntley and Polly, his wife ; James B. Knapp, Darius 
 Sayles, and Anna Morehouse. Of these, Mrs. Munger is believed to be the 
 only survivor. The church was supplied by Rev. Joy Handy and several other 
 ministers until the spring of 1817. Among the members was Rev. Jonathan 
 Wilson, then a missionary in this region, who died at the age of 90, at the 
 residence of his son, in Gerty. Rev. Elnathan Finch, who came in with his 
 family, household goods, and an ox-team and sled, in February, 18 17, and 
 became pastor of this church until 1827. After several temporary supplies. 
 Rev. Elisha Gill became pastor, and was succeeded, in 1836, by Rev. James 
 Bennett, who continued unril October, 1839. For a short time, the church 
 had no stated preaching, after which they were supplied by licentiates, most 
 of the time, for several years. In February, 1848, Wm. Williams, a licentiate, 
 was called, and, in October, was ordained pastor, and continued until April, 
 1850. After a few months' supply by Rev. John Carter, he was succeeded 
 by Rev. J. C. Allison, until February, 185 1 ; and he by Rev. E. M. Nye, till 
 February, 1854. In August, 1854, Mr. Allison returned, and remained until 
 1856. Their successors to the present time have been H. H. Herrick, E. 
 M. Nye, (second time ;) J. C. Allison, (third time ;) F. E. Miller, H. H. 
 Herrick, (second time ;) T. T. Horton. He closed his pastorate of five 
 years, preaching every alternate sabbath, in May, 1872 ; when he was suc- 
 ceeded by Rev. D. E. Burt. Their first house of worship was built in 1851, 
 and has since been several times repaired. Their church clerks have been : 
 Miles Webster, James Knapp, Nathaniel Hopper, Silas N. Slawson, A. Vin- 
 ton, John S. Bettis. Deacons : Joseph Brownell, Samuel Munger, Silas Nash, 
 Samuel Taylor, Nathaniel Hopper, Nelson Wheaton, Caleb Roberts. 
 
 The Second Baptist Church of Hanover was organized in 18 17. The first 
 meeting for this purpose on record, was held at the bouse of James Bennett, 
 in Forestville, Nov. 15, 181 7. Articles of Faith and Church Covenant were 
 adopted, and signed by twenty-nine persons : Christopher McManus, Pru- 
 dence McManus, Clement Strang, Abigail Strang, Asher Cooley, Polly Coo- 
 ley, Samuel S. Burdick, Dorothy Burdick, Martin B. Tubbs, Laura Tubbs, 
 Betsey Waterhouse, Anna Holbrook, Abigail Snow, Daniel Farnham, Wm. 
 Heaton, Loana Russell, James Bennett, Hannah Ellis, Tabitha Alden, Joseph 
 Devine, Lucinda Pierce, Samson Trask, Lorena Morrison, Hannah Danley, 
 Loana Griswold, Barbara Lewis, Elijah Devine, Nathan Mixer, Rhoda Mixer, 
 Elnathan Ellis. Of these persons, only Clement Strang, now of Sherman, is 
 living. At a meeting held the 29th of November, it was voted to call a 
 council to meet on the 13th of December, 1817. The council met at the 
 school-house at Walnut Creek, pursuant to appointment, and the church was 
 received into fellowship as a sister church. In January following, Jam e 
 
428 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 Bennett and Martin B. Tubbs were elected deacons. In May following, a letter 
 was granted to brother Samuel S. Burdick, "allowing him to improve his talent 
 in exhortation ; " and it was " voted to pay him $52 per year for his services, 
 to be raised by subscription." His services were continued only a few months. 
 Bro. James Bennett, ordained April 19, 1820, was the first ordained minister 
 of the church. He engaged to preach for $50 a year. This sum could not 
 be raised in money after the first year; and he " agreed to supply the desk, 
 and receive such donations as the members could give." About the ye^r 
 1 83 1, the church became divided ; but, happily, after nearly three years' sep- 
 aration, the two branches, on the 4th of February, 1834, were united under 
 the name of the Foreshiille Baptist Church. For the want of space, only the 
 ministers whose terms of service exceeded 2 years, are mentioned : James 
 Bennett, (9 years, 6 mo. ;) P. S. Richards, Isaac L. Brown, Joel Johnson, 
 Judah L. Richmond, N. Wood, William Look, Chauncey Wardner, S. N. 
 Westcott, Emerson Mills, (second time,) present pastor, [1875.] Ministers' 
 salaries were for many years, $50. In 1836, perhaps earlier, $300 was 
 paid and parsonage; from 1855, $400; from i860, $600; from 1869, 
 $800; from 1872, present pastor, $1,200. The use of parsonage has been 
 given since 1831. The present salary does honor to the church. Of the 
 church clerks, the names of only the first three and the last three are 
 given : James Bennett, Nathan Mixer, and Joseph Dennison ; John A. Mixer, 
 Sylvester Stilwell, Julius A. Parsons. The first church edifice was destroyed 
 by fire, Sept. 4, 1859. A new house was built of brick, on the same site, 
 and was dedicated February 13, 1861. Dedicatory sermon by the Rev. 
 Emerson Mills. 
 
 Methodist Episcopal Church of Silver Creek. — A class was formed about 
 1819, consisting of seven members, whose names, as given from recollec-- 
 tion, are as follows : Liscom Mixer, Norman Spink, and their wives, and 
 Artemas R. Clothier. Soon after the organization, were added, Giles Eggles- 
 ton and Esther, James Wesley, and Katharine, his wife, Emily Nevins, Leon- 
 ard McDaniels, and others. Among the early preachers were Rev. Mr. Hill, 
 Gleason Fillmore, afterwards N. Norton, Samuel Sullivan, Thomas Cummings, 
 John Robinson. Later, preachers were E. H. Yingleng, Wm. P. Bignell, 
 George W. Gray, Wm. H. Wilson ; present pastor, James M. Bray. The 
 church edifice was completed in 1848, and was improved in 1874. 
 
 Presbyterian Church at Silver Creek. — The society connected with this 
 church was formed pursuant to the " act of the legislature to provide for the 
 incorporatidn of religious societies," the 8th of December, 1831, at Silver 
 Creek. The society was entitled, "The Trustees and Associates of the First 
 Congregational Society of Silver Creek." The trustees elected were James 
 Brace, Ephraim Hall, John Reid, David Anderson, Daniel Rumsey, and 
 Wm. Hall. In the absence of a minister, Daniel Rumsey and David Ander- 
 son, elders, presided at the meeting, and Wm. Hall was chosen clerk. 
 
 The church was organized, probably, at or near the time of the formation of 
 the society, but in the absence of the early records, the precise date can not 
 
HARMONY. 429 
 
 be stated. Among the members constituting the church at its organization, 
 were Dr. Daniel Rumsey, David Anderson, James Brace, Ephraim Hall, Mrs. 
 Daniel Rumsey, and Mrs. Asa Gage. Also, at or about the same time, Benj. 
 Hiller and family ; and soon after, Loren Chapin and -wife, Asa Gage, Mrs. 
 Wm. D. Talcott, and John Montgomery. The first minister is believed to 
 have been Rev. Abial Parmele; and since then, Obadiah C. Beardsley, 
 
 ^Villiam Waith, John Lilly, F. W. Flint, Albert Bigelow, and Burghart. 
 
 In 1834, a small, plain meeting-house was built on, the west side of Main 
 street, a few rods south of the park. The present edifice was built in 1841. 
 
 Hanover Lodge of Free and Accepted Masons was instituted at Fores tville 
 February 5, 1824. The meeting was held at the school-house near Eber 
 Ferry's, and opened on the first degree of masonry. The charter members 
 were : Luther Thwing, W. M.; Ezra Puffer, S. W. ; Seth Snow, J. W. ; Albert 
 H. Camp, Sec'y ; Warren Griswold, Treas.; who were also the first officers ; 
 Richard Smith, Ephraim Judson, Wm. Jones, Elijah Robinson. At the in- 
 stallation of the officers by the grand lodge, the record shows that, in the 
 bills of expenses for the entertainment, the charge for liquor for gentlemen 
 was $2.87)^; for ladies, $3.87 J^. This lodge was discontinued in 1828, as 
 were many others, within a few years after the abduction of Morgan. 
 
 In December, 1849, this lodge was rechartered. Its first officers were : 
 Albert H. Camp, W. M.j Daniel B. Parsons, S. W.; Wm. Colvill, J. W. ; 
 Rodney B. Smith, Treas. pro tem. ; Isaac Boss, Sec'y; Marshall Cass, S. D. ; 
 Charles Brown, J. D. ; Elisha Robinson, Tyler. 
 
 HARMONY. 
 
 Harmony was taken from Chautauqua, Feb. 14, 1816. A part of Busti 
 was taken off in 1823. Yet it contains a much greater area of land than any 
 other town in the county. It comprises townships i and 2 of range 13, to- 
 gether with two tiers of lots in townships i and 2, range 12, from Pennsyl- 
 vania line to Chautauqua lake, and two additional lots in township 2 in the 
 1 2th range, south of the lake, including the village of Ashville. It contains 
 about 86 square miles of territory, or 54,918 acres. Its surface is described 
 as " a moderately hilly upland, the highest summits being about 900 feet 
 above Lake Erie.'' Its principal streams are Broken Straw creek, flowing 
 south into Pennsylvania ; Goose creek, flowing into the lake, passing through 
 Ashville ; and Prendergast's creek, running northerly and easterly into the 
 lake. The soil is clay, yellow and gravelly loam. Panama; the largest vil- 
 lage in the town, is in the north-west part of township i, on the Little 
 Broken Straw creek, and had, in 1870, a population of 650. Blockville, in 
 lot 8, the north-east corner lot in the same township, had 200 inhabitants. 
 Ashville, [Harmony P. O.,] lying within lots 43 and 44, of tp. 2, r. 12, had 
 350 inhabitants. Stedman is a post-office near the north line of the town. 
 
430 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 Original Purchases in Harmony. — Township i, Range ij. 
 
 1811. February, Israel Carpenter, 8. 
 1 8 13. June, Joseph S. Peraber, 16. 
 
 1816. February, Isaac Carpenter, 47. June, Elijah Terry, 7. December, 
 Zaccheol Hurlbut, 7. 
 
 1817. April, Clark C. Carpenter, 31. October, Joel Powers, 16. 
 
 1818. July, Robert Lytle, 38. October, Nathaniel Hurlbut, 7. Nov.^ 
 Joseph Wing, 32. 
 
 1820 or 1821. March, Samuel Tanner, 40. 
 
 1821. October, William Webber, Jr., 6. Nov., Eleazar Daniels, 39. 
 
 1822. March, Calvin Manley, 40. Eleazar Wiltse, 48. July, Calvin 
 Burt, 38. Amos Tanner, 31. 
 
 1823. February, Cyrenus Glass, 23. David Tierce, 23. August, David 
 Preston, 15. October, Elihu Carpenter, 28. December, Almon Levvis, 15. 
 
 1824. June, John Covey, 56. August, Samuel L. Paddock, 55. Nov., 
 James Sweet, 55. December, Wm. C. Stedman, 20. 
 
 1825. March, Nathan Eggleston, Jr., 56. June, Oliver Pier, 10. Sept., 
 Eliphalet Hyde, 56. Cyrus Ransom, 37. October, Cyrenus Glass, 41. 
 Robert Lytle, 34. November, Eli Wellman, 54. John Miller and Jona- 
 than Tillotson, 26. Hiram Cook, 54. December, George Hawkins, 50. 
 Ehsha Cook, 51. 
 
 1827. January, Eleazar Daniels, 39. March, Stephen Cook, 32. May, 
 ]ohn S. Muzzy, 34. June, Rufus Button, 31. Judson Hurlbut, 45. Cyrus 
 Ransom, 35. Asa Tillotson, 26. John S. Muzzy, 33. September, Benj. 
 Smith, 39. Orrin Matthews, 39. Samuel P. Butler, 42. Joshua Rich, Jr., 
 57. Nathan B. Rich, 42. 
 
 1828. September, Daniel Hurlbut, 41. October, Jeremiah Wooden, 9. 
 
 1829. Febmary, Ezra Abbott, 43. March, Abel Matteson, 6. June, 
 Alvin Butler, 38. 
 
 1830. November, Amos Tanner, 20. Solomon Tanner, 50. 
 
 Township 2, Range zj. 
 
 1810. June, Martin Prendergast, 6. 
 
 181 1. May, Levi Pier, 17. October, Estys Matteson, 30. 
 
 1815. September, Thomas Bemus, 14. October, Wm. Hunt, 32. 
 
 1816. February, Oliver Pier, 2. Thomas Bemus, 22. 
 
 1817. June, Willard Rice, 14. September, Edward Wade, Jr., 30. 
 
 1818. October, Reuben Ellis, 39. 
 
 181 9. May, D wight Rice, 13. 
 
 1821. May, Thoma.s Wiltse, 49. October, Noah Knapp, 41. Nathaniel 
 Sessions, 50. Calvin Manley, 41. Stephen Ford, 56. David Jackson, 21. 
 November, Jehu Knapp, 49. John Jackson, 21. 
 
 1822. March, Samuel P. Durham, 56. Peleg Comwell, 49. 
 
 1823. March, Wm. Webber, Jr., 42. June, Joel Fisher, 12. July, Elias 
 Williams, yf. December, Simeon Powers, 33. 
 
 1824. February, Isaiah Rexford, 34. Sept., Earl Bill Thompson, 58. 
 
 1825. February, Joel Fisher, 11. September, Sidney S. Ford, 57. , 
 
 1826. Phineas Stevens, 25. June, Humphrey Richardson, 43 or 44. 
 July, Charles Saxton, 4 or 5. September, Orrin Richardson, 36. John 
 Leach, 19. Oct., Edmund Wells, 6 or 7. Nov., George W. Wescott, 27. 
 
 1827. February, Horace Rice, 13. Thomas Bemus, 15. March, George 
 Bates, 61. John Morton, 15. April, Benj. T. Holbrook, 27. James Brooks 
 
HARMONY. 43 1 
 
 and Edmund Williams, 53. May, Silas M. Chipman, 57. Jeremiah Steeves, 
 5. June, David Jackson, 13 or 21. John Whitehead, 2. Micajah Green, 
 29. October, Eliphalet Collins, 6;^. December, Archibald Ludington, 21. 
 Reuben Rowley, Jr., 19. 
 
 1828. March, Jonas Cosselman, 28. Calvin Manley, Nathaniel Sessions, 
 and others, 18. Abner Fisher, 27. October, Cyrus Messenger, 64. Nov., 
 Orange Whitney, 64. 
 
 1829. April, Alexander Williams, 45. 
 
 1830. January, Isaac L. Steeves, 5. November, Florence Wade, 31. 
 
 1831. February, Calvin ^lanley, 26. Oliver Pier, 10. June, Peter Acker, 
 9 or 10. Heman S. Matteson, 26. Lewis Eddy, 31. 
 
 Township i, Range 12. 
 
 i8o8. July, Josiah Carpenter, 55, 56, 64. 
 
 1815. July, Ford Wellman, 47. 
 
 1816. April, Horace Terry, 63. 
 
 1817. John Hurlbut, 63. Timothy Jenner, 63. 
 
 18 1 9. February, Timothy Jenner, 63. John Hosier, 63. 
 1883. December, Silas Carpenter, 54. Isaac Foster, 54. 
 
 1825. October, Reuben Benedict, 63. November, Truman Terry, 62. 
 December, Heman S. Matteson, 62. Josiah Carpenter, 61. 
 
 1826. December, Amos Hoag, 53. 
 
 Township 2, Range 12. 
 
 1809. Oct., John Phelps, 44. Wm. Smith and Reuben Slayton, Jr., 43. 
 
 i8io. March, Reuben Slayton, Jr., 44. Thomas Matteson, 52. 
 
 18 II. Aug., Patrick Harmon, 46. Theron Ely, 44 or 45. 
 
 1818. March, Alvin May, 50. November, Daniel B. Carpenter, 45, 48. 
 
 1820. March, Joseph S. Pember, 49. 
 
 1823. February, Reuben Slayton, Jr., 43. George L. Case, 50. 
 
 1824. July, John Alexander, Jr., 50. 
 
 1825. March, Reuben B. Johnson, 49. April, Roswell Parmenter, 46. 
 Hiram Benedict, 46. Solon Pierce, Jr., 46. 
 
 1827. May, Hugh Alexander, 49. Joseph L. DeCamp, 49. 
 
 1828. June, Daniel Cheney, 52. 
 
 1829. December, Peter L. Phelps, 48. 
 
 The earliest settlements in the town of Harmony, were made in that part 
 of it which lies in the 12th range. The first settlement in this town is said, 
 in the State Gazetteer, to have been made by Reuben Slayton, from Otsego 
 Co., in 1806, on lot 43; Daniel B. Carpenter, the same year, on lot 64; 
 Jonathan Cheney, on lot 52, in 1807 ; Theron Bly, from Otsego Co., on lot 
 44, and Wm. Matteson on lot 52, both in 1811 ; and James Carpenter on lot 
 56, in 1 816. This statement is not only very indefinite, but in nearly every 
 particular incorrect. There are in Harmony three lots with each of the 
 numbers 43, 44, 52, 56, and 64, namely: one in each of the two entire town- 
 ships in range 13, and one in the strip from range 12. The dates of settle- 
 ment, above mentioned, are believed to be misstated in the case of every 
 person named, except one. 
 
 The following statements, recently obtained from early settlers, and mainly 
 corroborated by the Land Company's records, are believed to be correct. 
 
432 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 Thos. Bemus'was the first settler in the town of Harmony, in the north-east 
 part of the town, on land taken up in January, 1806, by his father, William 
 Bemus, who settled at Bemus Point, in Ellery, about that time. The lot on 
 which Thomas settled is lot 54, tp. 2, r. 12, on the opposite side of the* lake 
 from Bemus Point. Jonathan Cheney, in May, 1806, bought on the east 
 side of the lake lot 13, tp. 3, r. 13, [Chautauqua,] and the next year brought 
 in his family; but, choosing not to settle there, he proceeded down the lake, 
 and located on the west side, on lot 52, tp. 2, r. 12, now in the north-east 
 part of Harmony, near the lake, on which lot his sons, Alfred and Calvin, 
 and his grandson, Alfred C. Green, now reside. The County Gazetteer and 
 Directory dates the settlement in i8o6; but Nathan Cheney, the eldest son, 
 gives it as here stated. His was probably the first family in the town, as 
 Thomas Bemus, being unmarried, occupied his cabin alone for several years. 
 Myron Bly, from Otsego Co., in 1809, settled on lot 47, tp. 2, r. 12, about 
 ii^ m. northerly from Ashville, the land entered by his father, Asa Bly. His 
 son, Myron Bly, Jr., resides in Ashville. Reuben Slayton, Jr., from ®tsego 
 Co., bought, in 1809, on lot 43, where Ashville now is, and came in 1810 
 with Archibald Ludington. [Since this was written, the writer was informed 
 by a daughter of Mr. Slayton, that Thomas Slayton and wife emigrated from 
 Springfield, Otsego Co., and settled at Ashville, in Harmony, in 1809, in the 
 winter. He there joined his brother Reuben, who had settled there the year 
 before. Shortly after his arrival, Thomas died ; and the wife of Reuben sub- 
 sequently died ; and Reuben and the widow of Thomas intermarried. The 
 Slaytons built mills; and Ashville was then known as "Slay ton's Mills." 
 This statement is not given as unquestionable, but as being entitled to an 
 ordinary share of confidence.] In 1810, came Thomas Matteson ; also Wm. 
 Matteson, Jr., and his brother Estys, who were followed in 18 n by their 
 father, Wm. Matteson, Sr., who died in 1858, in his 99th year. He was the 
 last surviving Revolutionary pensioner in this county; having served, when 
 quite young, during the last two years of the war. His son Victor M., and 
 daughter Mehetabel, widow of Isaac Carpenter, are the only surviving chil- 
 dren living in this county. James Carpenter, as will be seen hereafter, came 
 seven years earlier than the year stated in the Gazetteer. 
 
 Josiah Carpenter, from Pittstown, Rensselaer Co., in 1808, bought about 
 1, 000 acres : lots 55, 56, 64, in tp. i, r. 12, lying from i to 2 miles south-west- 
 erly from Ashville, and returned to Washington Co. James, a son, in 1809, 
 settled on lot 56 ; and in 181 1, his father and the four other sons, Daniel B., 
 Isaac, Jost^t^ Jr., and Timothy, came. The father settled permanently on 
 lot 64; tht^'ions on other portions of the tract. Of the sons, Josiah and 
 Timothy are still living. He had 7 daughters, of whom 6 were married, 
 respectively, to Israel Carpenter, Orange Phelps, Gilbert Ward, Oliver Pier, 
 Samuel Green, and Henry Hosier; and Mary, unmarried. Mrs. Green, Mrs. 
 Pier, and Mrs. Hosier are yet living. Oliver Pier lives near Corry, Pa.; 
 Samuel Green, at Blockville. The other sons-in-law are dead. 
 
 An incident in the pioneer life of James Carpenter is related in substance. 
 
HARMONY. 433 
 
 as follows : When, in 1808, he came with his young wife to commence im- 
 provements on his father's purchase on Goose creek, he occupied, for a time, 
 the cabin of Thomas Bemus, (then yet unmarried,) on the west side of the 
 " Narrows," where his first child was bom, and where he raised a small crop 
 of corn ; in which time he built a cabin on his father's land, on a site desig- 
 nated by him, and to which he removed the following autumn. Having sold 
 one of his oxen, his live stock consisted of one ox and a sow and her pigs. 
 A January thaw raised Goose creek to overflowing ; the flats were inundated ; 
 and the house with its inmates surrounded by water. The ox made his 
 escape from the threatening flood. After the water had reached the cabin, 
 Carpenter, by the use of wood, raised himself, his wife and child, with the 
 sow and pigs, high enough to keep dry. Unable to provide themselves with 
 fire, the family and live stock were compelled to subsist on raw corn until 
 the subsidence of the water enabled him to reach Jonathan Cheney's for aid, 
 where he found his ox. A pen was made for his swine, which the bears took, 
 one by one, to the last. 
 
 In the east part of the town, besides the persons mentioned, many settled 
 early in the vicinity of Blockville. Zaccheus Hurlbut on lot 64, bought in 
 1816, and his brother Samuel about the same time ; and on lot 7, Nathaniel, 
 son of Zaccheus, father and son both dead. Nathaniel's widow and sou 
 Elias and two daughters live in town. Samuel's sons, Chauncey, Hosea, and 
 Edson, live in town. Timothy Jenner, from Vermont, on lot 63, tp. i, r. 12, 
 parts of which he bought in 18 17 and 1819. His sons, Moses, who removed 
 to the West, and Timothy G., who settled near Blockville, as also the father, 
 are dead. Daniel Loomis, a Methodist local preacher, settled ij4 miles 
 west of Ashville, where his widow and sons Eli and Francis reside. Levi, 
 another son, is in town ; David is gone West ; George is in the law school 
 in Albany. A daughter, Rhoda, is the widow of Wm. Farrand, who was 
 killed at the battle of Vicksburg ; another is the wife of Orrin SaUsbury, and 
 resides in this town. Wm. Scofield, a brother of Mrs. Daniel Loomis, set- 
 tled early on an adjoining lot, and still resides there. John Deming, an 
 early settler in Busti, removed to this town, lot 41 ; thence to Ashville, and 
 afterwards bought a farm 2 miles south of Ashville, where he died about 
 1868, and where his soa Leander C. resides, who has a saw-mill in opera- 
 tion. Another son, George, resides in Pa. Wanton Morey, from Vermont, 
 settled on lot 62, where lately his son Lorenzo lived, who is now a merchant 
 at Watts Flats. Levi Rexford, brother of Isaiah, settled one mile south of 
 Blockville, and removed to Clymer ; died in Harmony in April, 1875. John 
 H. Matteson settled on lot 62, near where his son Elisha resides. Joseph 
 Ticknor, from Tompkins Co., settled early about 2^^ miles north-west from 
 Blockville, where he died two or three years ago. His sons, Joseph N., 
 Hiram, and Luther B., are residents of the town. 
 
 In the south-east part, Charles and Isaac Hoag, from Onondaga Co., sons 
 of Amos Hoag, settled on lot 53, tp. i, r. 12 ; on parts of which John and 
 Sanford, sons of Charles, reside. Isaac is in Penn. ; Charles, deceased. 
 28 
 
434 HISTORY' OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 Elijah B. Burt, who settled in Busti, on lot 37, in 1824, removed to Har- 
 mony, where he now lives, on lot 51, tp. i, r. 12. His sons, Ethan and Bar- 
 rett E., live in town ; a daughter is the wife of Leander C. Deming. About 
 1837, William D., Philander, and Murray Wellman, sons of Ford Wellman, 
 of Busti, settled in Harmony, on lots 51 and 52. William D. resides on lot 
 50 ; Murray is not hving. Emanuel Smith, about the year 1822, settled in 
 Busti, and about 1830 in this town, lot 49, near where his son Cyrus lives. 
 John Badgley, who also settled first in Busti, bought in lots 57 and 58 in 
 Harmony, where he and his sons Asa and Nathan now reside. 
 
 In the northeast part, Obadiah Morley settled about 1810, where his son 
 Venus lives. John Morton, from Onondaga Co., settled about 1818 on lot 
 15, tp. 2, r. 13, where his son Ransom lives. Edmund Wells, from Wash- 
 ington Co., settled on lot 7, bought in 1826 ; and is said to be the only early 
 settler living on the road, between Mayville and Jamestown, on this side of 
 the lake. His son John hves on a part of the lot ; George on the homestead 
 with his father. Chas. Saxton settled on lot 4, bought in 1826 ; now resides 
 on lot 13. He has several sons, none of whom, it is believed, reside in the 
 town. Edwin Gleason, from Mass., about 1826, settled on lot 14, where liis 
 son Edwin resides. The father was a deacon of the Baptist church. Clin- 
 ton Marcy, from Allegany Co., about 1822, settled on lot 22, the farm now 
 owned by his son Hiram, who resides on lot 39 ; J. Madison, another son, 
 on lot 15. The father was formerly a justice. Hiram is a present justice. 
 Peleg Gifford, from Washington Co., about 1844, settled on lot 23. His sons 
 are Holder, who lives with his father ; George, in Jamestown ; Edward, near 
 his father ; and Henry. 
 
 In the north and north-west part of the town. Homer Pringle, from Otsego 
 Co., settled about 1826, on lot 32, on the north line of the town, where he 
 and his sons Henry and Homer, Jr., reside. The sons own a cheese factory. 
 Orson Whitford, from Saratoga Co. to Bradford Co., Pa., removed to this 
 town, about 1817 or 1818, and resided successively in the north-east and 
 north-west parts of the town ; now lives in Ashville. His sons LeRoy and 
 Solomon reside in the town. Samuel P. Durham settled on lot 56, bought 
 in 1822, and subsequently became the owner of part of lot 48. James and 
 Peter Ploss, about 1830, settled in the north-west part of the town, where 
 several of their descendants and relatives reside. 
 
 In the vicinity of Panama, in the west part of the town, Eleazar Daniels 
 settled ^ mile south of Panama, on lot 39, bought in 1821, now owned by 
 Erastus Steeves. His sons, Lyman, William, and Warren, reside in the town ; 
 Jarvis, a physician, in French Creek. George, another son, died in French 
 Creek. Samuel L. Paddock, from Herkimer Co., settled on lot 55, where 
 Wm. G. Cook lives; His son, Samuel L., resides in Panama, Thomas 
 Wiltse settled on lot 49, tp. 2, on the center road, in i82r, where his son 
 Thomas resides ; and David, his brother, soon after, on land adjoining. The 
 same year, Eleazar settled on lot 48, tp. i, near the village, where he still 
 resides; and John, where Benjamin Parker lives. Reuben F. Randolph, from 
 
HARMONY. 435 
 
 Orange Co., settled about 1842, near the center line on lot 25, bought of 
 Phineas Stevens. His sons are James, Thaddeus, and Reuben F., Jr., a Metho- 
 dist minister. His daughters are Caroline, wife of Edward Southland, mer- 
 chant, Jamestown ; Ellen, wife of John R. Ransom, Toledo, O. ; and Louisa. 
 Amos Tanner, in 1822, bought lot 31, and built_ on it, and sold to Rufus 
 Button, and settled on lot 32, where his son Milo resides. Rufus Button 
 settled on lot 31, bought in 1827, and about the same time his brother Elijah 
 on a part of the same lot, the lands of both now owned by Charles Tanner. 
 Joseph Button, on lot 30, where his sons Alvin, Lucius, and Joseph F. reside ; 
 Joseph F. on the homestead. Osmand, another son, removed to the West. 
 The children of Alvin are Francis, Franklin, Henry, Emily, Aurelia, and 
 Maria ; all living in town. Sons of Lucius are Levi, removed West ; and 
 Joseph who died in the late war, at the taking of Fort Fisher. Stephen 
 Cook, and his brothers William G. and Elisha, from Onondaga Co., 
 came in 1827. Stephen settled first on lot 32, tp. i, and afterwards on lot 
 51, where his son Orlando resides, in the south-west part of the town. The 
 father resides in Panama. William G. Cook bought a part of lot 51, and 
 afterwards, in 1838, removed to where he now resides, a mile west of 
 Panama. Before he came to settle on the land he first bought, he was 
 deprived of his right arm by a threshing machine. With one arm he per- 
 formed the various kinds of labor, as chopping, logging, splitting rails, and 
 other farm work, with the same expedition and apparent ease as any of his 
 neighbors. Besides chopping for himself, he is said to have chopped by the 
 acre for others. His son Lyman lives with him on the farm. EliSha settled 
 half a mile east of the village, where he still resides. 
 
 Jehu Knapp settled, in 182 1, on lot 49, tp. 2, where he died. His son 
 Noah, the same year, on lot 41, adjoining 49. Of his 6 sons, five came to 
 the county. Noah, Darius, and Levi settled in this town, and are dead : 
 Orrin removed to the West ; and Cyrus was killed by a fall from a tree. 
 Robert Lytle and Elihu Wing settled early near Panama, and some of their 
 descendants still reside in town. Lytle took a part of lot 38, in tp. 1, in 
 1818 ; Wing does not appear among the original purchasers. Joseph Wing 
 purchased in lot 32, a short distance east from the village, in 1818. 
 
 In the south-west part of the town, in tp. r, Ebenezer G. Cook, a native of 
 Oneida Co., came with his family in 1823, settled on lot 50, cleared the farm, 
 and in 1 867 removed to Panama, where he now resides. He had 1 1 children, 
 of whom ten attained to majority : Philander and DeForest, in Panama : 
 Edwin and Henry, farmers in town; Mary, wife of Harrison King, merchant, 
 at Corry, Pa. ; Cornelia, wife of Ira T. Beecher, North-east, Pa. ; Eliza and 
 Margaret, unmarried. Elihu G. Cook, brother of Ebenezer, resided many 
 years in town. He was a graduate of a medical college in Cleveland, and has 
 been a practicing physician in Fredonia, Randolph, and Buffalo, where he is 
 at present. 
 
 George Hawkins, from Oneida Co., came in 1822 or 1823, and settled 
 permanently on lot 5°, which he bought in 1825, where he now resides. Of 
 
436 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 his 5 sons, George, James, and Francis are fanners in Harmony ; Orrin, in 
 Illinois ; Albert B., druggist, Panama. His daughters were : Eraeline, wife 
 of James Harter; Adelia R., wife of DeForest Cook. Nathan Hawkins and 
 Marvin Pardee, a few years later, settled on lot 51, near George Hawkins. 
 These three are said to be the only early settlers at present in this part of 
 the town. 
 
 Joshua Rich, a Methodist local preacher, settled on lot 57, where his son 
 Reuben L. resides. Cyrus Ransom, on lot 37, in 1825, where he died. His 
 sons, Cyrus, Samuel, Willard, and Asa, live on the Broken Straw creek ; Eli- 
 sha, in the West; and Thomas, deceased. Ezra Abbott, in 1829, on lot 43, 
 now owned by Frank Sowers. Mr. Abbot resides in Panama. 
 
 In the south part of the town, Francis W. Mather settled on lot r 7, on the 
 Little Broken Straw creek, near the south line of the town, and resides there 
 still. Amos W. Muzzy, about 1830, settled on lot 34, previously taken up 
 by John S. Muzzy. His wife is said to have- ridden "to meeting" at 
 Panama on the back of an ox, led by her husband. Mr. Muzzy was sheriff 
 of this county ; removed to the West, where he died. 
 
 In the central T^^xX. of township 2, George W. Westcott bought, in 1826, lot 
 27, on which he first settled; removed to lot 28, where he died. His sons 
 Jerry and Abraham settled on lot 28; the latter now resides near Blockville. 
 Benjamin T. Holbrook settled on lot 27, bought in April, 1827, where he 
 died, and where his sons John and Henry reside. Benjamin T., Jr., resides 
 on lot 29. 
 
 The first town-meeting for the election of town-officers, was held in i8i6, 
 of which, however, we find no record. The proceedings of the board of 
 supervisors in October of that year, show that the town was represented by 
 Palmer Phillips. A part of the present town of Busti was then, and con- 
 tinued to be, until 1823, a part of Harmony. 
 
 The annual town-meeting was held at Eleazar Fletcher's, April 1, 181 7, 
 when the following officers were elected : 
 
 Supervisor — Palmer Phillips. Town Clerk — Orange Phelps. Assessors — 
 Wm. Matteson, Daniel B. Carpenter, Joseph S. Pember. Com'rs of High- 
 ways — Palmer Phillips, Wm. Matteson, Daniel B. Carpenter. Com'rs of 
 Schools — Palmer Phillips, Joseph S. Pember, Orange Phelps. Collector — 
 Wm. Matteson, Jr. Constables — Noah Chapman, Wm. Matteson, Jr. Over- 
 seers of Poor — Obadiah Morley, Israel Carpenter. Poundmasters — Wm. Mat- 
 teson, Israel Carpenter, Josiah Palraeter. Fence Viewers — Thomas Beraus, 
 Nicholas Webber, Timothy Jenner. Sealer — Jonas Lamphear. 
 
 Town-meetings for several years hereafter, until 1824, were held at the 
 tavern of James McClellan, in Ashville, McClellan being town clerk. In 
 1825, the town-meeting in Harmony as it now is, was held at the house of 
 Samuel Hurlbut ; Abner Lewis, town clerk. 
 
 Supervisors from 1816 to 1875. 
 
 Palmer Phillips, 1816, '17, 1819 to '23 — 7 years. Reuben Slayton, 1824. 
 Theron Bly, 1825 to '31, '33, '34, '37. '38—11 years. Henry Hill, 1832. 
 
HARMONY. 437 
 
 Zael Ward, 1835, '36. Robert Hewes, 1839, '40. Daniel Williams, 1841, 
 '42. John Steward, 1843 to '47, 1850 to "52, '54, '62 — 10 years. Theron 
 S. Bly, 1848, '49. Morris Norton, 1853. Albert Gleason, 1855. Ebenezer 
 G. Cook, 1856, '57. Sardius Steward, 1858 to '60. Reuben F. Randolph, 
 1861. Walter L. Sessions, 1863, '64. Loren B. Sessions, 1865 to '70, ,'73, 
 '74i '75 — 9 years. Frank G. Steward, 1871, '72. r'. -■. 
 
 The first saw-mill in this town was built by Reuben Slayton, Jr., in Asb-t 
 ville, who was an origiflal purchaser on lot 43, tp. 2, r. 12, in 1809. The] 
 mill was built in 181 r, to which 21. grist-mill was soon after added. The mills: 
 were on the site of the present mills in Ash ville. The first stones used in' 
 the grist-mill he borrowed at the inlet at the head of the lake. A rock was 
 soon found on lot 45, from which a pair of stones were made, which were 
 used until 1872, about sixty years. His father, Reuben, Sr., who came with 
 his son, returned to Otsego Co., with the intention of removing his family to 
 Chautauqua, but died soon after his return. Israel Carpenter, with Oliver 
 Pier and Stephen Groom, built, about the year 1820, a saw-mill and a grist- 
 mill at Blockville, which, under different firms, with Mr. Carpenter as a pro- 
 prietor, was continued until his death, a few years ago, when the property 
 passed to his son Reuben, and is now owned by Thomas Hamilton. A saw- 
 mill was built about 1826 at Panama Rocks, by Jesse Smith and Horatio 
 Dix. A mill is still in operation on the site. A grist-mill was soon after 
 built at the same place, where a grist-mill has been in operation till the pres- 
 ent time. A saw-mill was built about 1825, by Francis W. Mather, 3 miles 
 south of Panama, and discontinued after a few years. Isaac Carpenter built 
 a saw-mill about 1828 a mile below Blockville ; it has been rebuilt by Abner 
 L., and is now owned by Daniel Williams. Another was built by Samuel 
 Hurlbut, about 44 years ago, between the two before mentioned, and is now 
 owned by Samuel J. Green. A saw-mill was also built by Harvey and Theron 
 S. Bly, about 1847, near the mouth of Goose creek : a mill is still in opera- 
 tion there, owned by Harvey Bly. A steam saw-mill was built a few years 
 ago by Messrs. Allen, near Grant's station, and is in operation. A saw-mill 
 was built by Geo. Brightman about 40 years ago, and is still running. A 
 steam saw-mill was built a few years ago by Wm. W. Ball, near the mouth of 
 Bemus creek. Theron Bly and Daniel Sherman erected a car ding-ma chine 
 in 1822 or 1823, to which cloth-dressing machinery was attached a year or 
 two afterwards by Hiram Benedict. The whole establishment was destroyed 
 by fire in or about the year 1826. The establishment was rebuilt by Hiram 
 Benedict and Samuel Brown about half a mile below ; and, several years 
 after, passed into the hands of Theron Bly and Henry Lovejoy, by whom it 
 was sold in 1844 to Harvey and Henry H. Bly, and discontinued about 1850. 
 Another was built at Panama about 1830, at which the business was carried 
 on for many years by John Ward and David Moore. 
 
 The first store in Harmony was kept as early as 18 18, some think a year 
 or two earlier — name of the proprietor not known to the writer. He was a 
 dealer in lumber, which was conveyed by Goose creek to the lake, and down 
 
438 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 the Chautauqua outlet. Who immediately succeeded him, can not be stated 
 with certainty. Titus Kellogg, Alvin Williams, and Adolphus Fletcher had 
 stores at Ashville in 1821, and soon after, but as to which of them was there 
 first, the oldest settlers there are not agreed. Mr. Williams, who was at 
 Westfield, established his store here in the fall of 1822, and built the first 
 ashery. The business was managed, first by Luke Drury and Howard Blod- 
 gett. Williams sold out to his brother Joseph H. Williams, who took as a 
 partner Titus Kellogg. Mr. Fletcher commenced trade about the same time 
 as Alvin Williams, and also built an ashery ; and soon after, Ephraira Berry, 
 who built an ashery and a distillery. There were at one time, four asheries 
 in the place: hence the name of the village — Ashville. Probably no other 
 place in the county ever had a greater number at one time. 
 
 'YY^t first tavern was built at Ashville in 1824, by James McClellan, on or 
 near the site of the present residence of Daniel Williaims. The building was 
 intended for a private dwelling ; but was afterward converted into a tavern. 
 
 A tannery was built in 1826, by Daniel and Joseph H. Williams, the first 
 in the town, and is still owned by the former. About the year 1829, a tan- 
 nery was built at Panama, by Orrin Matthews. 
 
 Dr. Vine Elderkin, from Madison Co., was the first physician at Ashville, 
 where his widow still resides. Their children were, Harriet and Mary, both 
 unmarried; Henry, married; and Jane, wife of Wickham W. Hatfield. Both 
 families reside in town. Later physicians were Hiram Alden, Stephen Eaton, 
 
 Simeon Buzzell, Dorr, John S. King, Charles Parker, from Otsego Co. 
 
 to EUery, and was successively at Mayville, Ashville, Fredonia, Forestville, 
 Jamestown, Panama, Pennsylvania, and Harmony. Present physicians — 
 Edson E. Boyd, Irvin J. Bowen, Aaron Skinner. 
 
 Biographical and Genealogical. 
 
 Jonathan Cheney was bom in Conn., March 10, 1769. He removed with 
 his father to Pittstown, Rensselaer Co., N. Y. ; and in 1807, to Chautauqua 
 Co., with his family, having bought in May, 1806, the land on which his son 
 Nathan now resides, being lot 13, tp. 3, r. 13, east of the lake; but settled 
 on the west side of the lake, in Harmony, where his sons Calvin and Alfred 
 reside. At the age of 1 7 he went down the Ohio river, and enlisted in the 
 service of the United States under Gen. Wayne, against the Indians in the 
 Northwest Territory. He was a pack-horse man in transporting provisions 
 from Cincinnati to Fort Hamilton. While in camp with others, they were 
 fired on by Indians, and were obliged to flee for their lives ; and Mr. Cheney, 
 leaving his shoes behind, traveled to Hamilton in snow, getting his feet badly 
 frozen. After his return to Pittstown, he was married to Amy Cole, and re- 
 moved to Chautauqua. They had 9 children : i. Nathan, who married 
 Mary Stoneman, and settled in Gerry, and removed thence, in 1841, to the 
 farm first bought by his father in i8o6, and where he now lives. He had 
 5 sons, of whom three, Elijah, Garland and James, are living on part of the 
 farm. 2. Betsey, wife of John Broadhead, of Busti, a Methodist preacher. 
 
HARMONY. 439 
 
 3. Clarissa, widow of Alfred Whipple, resides in Harmony. 4. Calvin, who 
 was married to Lydia Bly, and resides in Harmony, with a second wife. 
 5. Amy, wife of Hazeltine Mitchell, in Harmony. 6. Daniel, who married 
 Amanda Parkhurst, and settled and died on a part of the old farm. 7. Alfred, 
 who married Rachel Burch, and resides near his brother Calvin. 8. Eunicy, 
 wife of James Green, in Harmony, 9. Polly, who died at about 20. 
 
 Palmer Cross, a native of Vt., came from Jefferson Co., N. Y., in 1827, 
 and settled on lot 41, tp. 2, r. 13, a mile north of Panama, and was a resi- 
 dent of the town until his death in 1810, aged 83. He was the second 
 pastor of the Baptist church at Panama, which he served about 10 years. 
 During the second year of his pastorate a revival occurred, and about 40 were 
 added to the church. He was married three times : first, in Jefferson Co., 
 to ^aomi Blackmer ; second, in Harmony, to Julia Hurlbut ; third, to Mrs. 
 Saiuh Leach. He had by his first wife 5 children : 2 sons. Palmer and Eber. 
 Palmer has two sons and a daughter. There were three daughters : Harriet 
 A., wife of Daniel G. Powers ; Julia, wife of Humphrey Richardson, and has 
 two sons, Palmer and Humphrey ; [Mr. Richardson deceased ;] Polly, wife, 
 first of Alonzo Manley, who had four children, only one, a daughter, living ; 
 second, the wife of Clark Robinson. 
 
 Joseph Hoyt, from Mass., commenced the mercantile business at Ash- 
 ville in 1836, and removed in 1844 to Panama, where he has continued in 
 business, most of the time without a partner, until the present time. His 
 present partner is Thaddeus F. Randolph. His children are Arvilla, wife of 
 Mr. Randolph ; Charles, who married Emeline PoUey, and is a physician at 
 Sharon, Pa.; Herbert H., married, and lives at East Saginaw, Mich.; and 
 Ella, wife of Wm. M. Rolf, at Corry, Pa. 
 
 Henry B. Lammers, from Holland, in Europe, came in 1852 to Buffalo, 
 and in 1858 to Panama. He was a house builder, which business he has 
 pursued till the present time. In 1867, he built the school-house. After 
 the fire of 1867, he erected the stone buildings in what is called the "Lam- 
 mers Block;" and in 1874, the brick hotel ; also the house now occupied by 
 Wm. Daniels, and a house for himself, on South street ; besides several 
 valuable buildings in the town. He was for 4 yearS a trustee of the corpora- 
 tion, and is still a resident of the village. 
 
 John Lewis, a native of Conn., came from Onondaga Co., and settled on 
 lot 24, tp. I, r. 13, about two miles easterly from Panama. He was a Meth- 
 odist local preacher. He had 6 children : i. Alvah, who died at 19. 2. 
 Alinon, who is married and resides in Wisconsin. 3. Abner, who married 
 Sally Ann Sweet, and had 5 children, of whom 4 are living : Maria, Charles, 
 Mariett, and McKendrie. He was a practicing lawyer at Jamestown and 
 Panama; a deputy sheriff; first judge of the county; a member of assembly 
 two years ; and a representative in Congress for one term. From Panama^ 
 where most of his active and official life was spent, he removed to Winona, 
 Minn., where he now resides. 4. Levi, who married Lucy Steward, and lives 
 at Panama; had 5 children : Lucy W., who died at 21 ; Celina J., wife of 
 
440 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 Henry H. Graves; Alfred S., who married Miranda Ransom; Beverly W., 
 who married Louisa Graves; and Bertrand L., who married Emily Pease. 
 
 Calvin Manley, from Marcellus, Onondaga Co., N. Y., settled on lot 41, 
 tp. 2, one mile north from Panama, which he bought in October, 1821, and 
 where he died in January, 1869, aged 80 years, having been a member of the 
 Baptist church about 50 years. He was married in Onondaga Co., to Sally 
 Berry, who is still living in this town. They had 1 2 children, all of whom 
 were married, and all but one still living : Hiram, who lives in Wisconsin ; 
 Alonzo, deceased ; Nancy, wife of Henry Cross; Nelson; Solomon; Simeon, 
 in Westfield ; Adoniram J., on the homestead ; Emily, wife of Marvin 
 Hooker, Corry, Pa.; Elon G., Erie, Pa.; James H., in Winona, Minn.; Syl- 
 via, wife of Thomas Page, in Jamestown, [husband deceased ;] Henry, in 
 Corry, Pa. ^ 
 
 Simeon Powers, from West Cornwall, Vt., removed to Bradford Co., fa., 
 in 1807 or 1808. In 1816, he settled near Blockville, and in 1823 on lot 
 33, tp. 2, a mile north from Panama, where he resided until his death in 1842, 
 aged 73 years. He was ordained to the ministry in Penn., and was the first 
 pastor of the Baptist church in Harmony many years. This was the first 
 religious organization in this town. He was married to Polly Goodyear in 
 Vermont. They had 9 children, all of whom survived the age of childhood. 
 They were : i. Fanny, the wife, now widow, of Ebenezer Pratt, in Penn., 
 one of whose sons, Reuben, a commanding officer, died in the late war. 2. 
 Joel, who married Polly Hurlbut, and had 8 children, of whom Stephen died 
 from the falling of a tree, and Fanny, who died at 16. Three sons, Stillman, 
 Daniel E., and Reuben B., are married ; the latter residing in Aurora, 111. ; 
 the others in Harmony. His daughters were Almira, wife of Olivet Ellis, of 
 Clymer ; Rozilla, wife of Jehiel Brooks ; Sally, widow of Alva Tanner. 3. 
 Jeremiah, unmarried. 4. Caroline, who was married to Isaiah Rexford, and 
 is deceased. 5. Luther, who married Polly Rundle, and died in 1872. 
 They had several children, all living, except Orville P., a lieutenant in the 
 late war, who was killed at the battle of Pea Ridge. 6. Polly, wife of Silas 
 Terry, Clymer. 7. Rhoda, wife of George Hawkins. 8. Daniel G., who 
 married Harriet Cross, and resides at Panama. He had 5 children, all sons : 
 Joseph E., who was married to Jennie Royce ; Joel A., to Harriet Lewis, 
 and is a hardware merchant at Panama. He was in the late war, in Col. 
 Drake's regiment. He was an orderly sergeant, and promoted to lieutenant. 
 He was at the siege of Suffolk, the battle of Cold Harbor, and several 
 engagements about Petersburg, and sundry others. He was wounded at 
 Chapin's Farm, and receives a pension. Francis A., to Mary Husted, and is 
 a salesman for Pratt & Letchworth, Buffalo ; Norman G., who was drowned 
 at 7 ; and Eber, who died at 3. 9. Reuben, who died at 17. 
 
 John H. Pray, a native of Wells, Vt., came from Essex Co. to Panama 
 in 1 83 1, and commenced mercantile business with John Steward, and, while 
 in trade, pursued the study of law under Hon. Abner Lewis, and commenced 
 practice in 1836. He continued in trade till 1855, and in law practice till 
 
"f^' //yz >, 7(i^ // '^ > ^ ^ 
 
HARMONY. 441 
 
 within the last two years. He was a justice of the peace about 20 years, and 
 a member of assembly in 1848. He had 9 children, of whom three passed 
 the age of childhood : John, who married Laura Clark, of Vt., and lives at 
 Corry ; Esther, wife of Ezra C. Scofield, Panama ; and Sylvester, who mar- 
 ried Louisa Hibbard, and resides at Wyandotte, Mich. 
 
 Isaiah Rexford, from Bradford Co., Pa., came to this town in 1816, and 
 lived several years near Blockville; and in 1824 settled about 2 miles north- 
 erly from Panama, where he resided till his death, about 1848. He was mar- 
 ried to Caroline Powers, and had 12 children, of whom 3 sons and 3 daugh- 
 ters arrived at the age of majority, and had families. The sons are Everett ; 
 Myron, who lives on the homestead; and Lyman, in Sherman. The daughters 
 are Polly, wife of Eber Cross ; Laura, wife of Francis Bowen ; and Lois, wife 
 of John Cutler, who resides in Iowa. 
 
 Jesse Smith, a native of N. H.,came to Westfield in 1814, and the same 
 year to Jamestown. In 1823 or 1824, he and Horatio Dix came to Panama 
 and built a saw-mill and a grist-mill, the first in the village, where he still 
 resides, at the age of 83 years. His children were : Gilbert, who, while cul- 
 tivating a plantation in Tennessee during the late war, was taken by rebel 
 soldiers and conveyed to prison in Alabama, where he died in a few days. 
 Emily M., wife of George W. Parker, of Jamestown. Clement D., merchant 
 at Riceville, Pa. Henry, merchant at Pleasantville, Pa. Helen K., wife of 
 Jairus Winsor, Titusville. S. Jennie, and Alice E. 
 
 Benjamin Smith, a native of N. Hampshire, came to Kiantone, near the 
 village, in 1817; was married to Eunice Dix, and in 1825 removed to 
 Panama, where he now resides, at the age of 77. He and his cousin Jesse 
 owned the land on which the village now stands. He built the first framed 
 house. His children were : Emeline M. ; Eaton B., in Panama ; Nathaniel 
 D., and Franklin J., both in town. 
 
 Eliphalet Steward ,was bom in Stonington, Conn., Aug. 15, 1759, and 
 was married to Mercy Coates, who was bom Sept. 6, 1764. They removed 
 to Frankfort, Herkimer Co., and thence to Busti, in 181 1, on lot 64, tp. i, 
 r. II, where Mr. Steward died Nov. 3, 1837, and his wife April 19, 1813. 
 He had 4 children : Lucy, wife of Stephen Wilcox ; John ; Anna, wife of 
 Walter Crouch ; and Betsey, wife of Michael Frank. 
 
 John Steward, Sr., son of Eliphalet, bom June 14, 1786, was married 
 to Eunice Wilcox. He came with his father from Herkimer Co., and settled 
 on the same lot. In 182 1, he removed with his family to Harmony, lot 24, 
 where he died April 15, 1826. His children were: John; Sardius; Lucy, wife 
 of Levi Lewis, Panama ; Stephen W. ; Eliphalet, who was married to Clarissa 
 PoUey, and resides at Panama ; Almira, wife of Daniel C. Glidden, near 
 Jamestown ; Cornelia, wife of Gustavus A. Bentley, Busti ; Rhoda, wife of 
 Horace H. Gifford, Jamestown ; Alfred W., who married, successively, Mi- 
 nerva Bentley, Julia Hawkins, and Cordelia Robinson, and lives in Clymer ; 
 and Betsey, wife of Henry O. Lakin, Jamestown. 
 
 John Steward, Jr., was bora at Frankfort, N. Y., Oct. 21, 1806, and 
 
44^ HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 removed with his father to Busti in 1811, and in 1821 to Harmony. He was 
 married, Sept. 15, 1831, to Joanna Glidden, who was born in N. H., Sept. 
 15, 1808. He was an early merchant at Panama, and has been in business 
 there most of the time since 1831. He has held the offices of supervisor, 
 town clerk, and member of assembly. He has 5 children : the first two, 
 twin sons ; the last two, twin daughters, as follows . Francis C, who was 
 married to Melissa Smith, and has a son, John ; Franklin G., to Eunice V. 
 Knowles, who died July 19, 1872. He has two daughters, Isabella and Orie. 
 Henry C, who married Mary Knapp. He served 3 years in the late war, 
 and was in the battles of Williamsburg, Gettysburg, Fredericksburg, Second 
 Bull Run, Malvern Hill, Spottsylvania, and in the Wilderness. He entered 
 as a private and was promoted to lieutenant. Mary E., the wife of Oliver 
 Dalrymple, a graduate of Yale College, and a lawyer, now a resident of St. 
 Paul, Minn., and largely engaged in farming. He has two sons, William and 
 John. Martha A., unmarried. 
 
 Sardius Steward, second son of John Steward, Sr., was born at Frank- 
 fort, Oct. 29, '1808, and removed with his father's family to Chautauqua Co., 
 as above stated. [See sketch of John Steward, Sr.] He was married March 
 15, 1832, to Rhoda Ward, who was bom May, 21, i8r4. He resided on 
 several farms in this town, and in 1869 removed to Ashville, his present 
 residence. He has, by industry and economy, acquired a large and valuable 
 real estate, and superintends the most extensive farming business conducted 
 by any farmer in the county. Mr. Steward, at the time of his marriage, was, 
 in person, considerably less than the average size of men, and his wife was 
 proportionally much smaller. The remark was made by some, perhaps 
 jocosely, this pair would not be able to take care of themselves. If made 
 seriously, the success of this diminutive couple has long been an impeachment 
 either of their judgment, or of their claim to the gift of prophecy, or to the 
 discernment of spirits. Mr. Steward has five children : i. Almira, wife of 
 James H. PoUey, Buffalo, who has a son, Fred. 2. William, who married 
 Helen Baker ; lives in Ashville ; and has a son, Edwin S., and a daughter, 
 Mary. 3. Sylvia, who married Henry B. Loomis ; has a son, Edward, and 
 lives in Corry. 4. Levantia, wife of James A. Abbot, Sugar Grove, Pa., and 
 has a son, Sardius. 5. Andrew, who married Emma Wemple ; has a daugh- 
 ter, and resides in Harmony. 
 
 Daniel Williams was bom in Norwich, Mass., June 30, 1806. His 
 father, Daniel Williams, a native of Conn., removed to Mass., where he had 
 16 children, 7 sons and 9 daughters, of whom 4 died in infancy and child- 
 hood, and 5 sons and' 7 daughters lived to mature age. Of the sons, Alvin, 
 
 Joseph, Earl P., Daniel, and , all but Daniel are dead. Of the daughters 
 
 who came to this county, were Mrs. Gideon Brockway, of Clymer, both 
 dead ; Mrs. John Dawley, of French Creek, both dead ; and "Mrs. Nathaniel 
 Thompson, of French Creek, also both dead. Daniel Williams came to 
 Westfield in 1820, and in 1824 to Ashville, where he still resides. He was 
 married, Oct. 15,^829, to Almeda E. Comstock, of Pine Grove, Pa., who 
 
^ya T.c/'c c r^y 
 
 ^/cc<J~^^ ^^ 
 
HARMONY. 443 
 
 was born Nov. 2, 181 1. He was an early tanner, and pursued the several 
 occupations of manufacturing pot and pearl ashes, tanning and shoemaking, 
 merchandising and farming, for about 40 years. He has held the offices of 
 supervisor, justice, and assessor, and for two terms the office of coroner. He 
 took an active part in originating and constructing the Atlantic & Great 
 Western and the Cross Cut railroads, which have contributed much to the 
 prosperity of the county. In recognition of his active efforts in the further- 
 ance of these enterprises, a complimentary public dinner was given at May- 
 ville, and another at Jamestown. He has aided materially in building up 
 the village and erecting churches. He had 5 children : i. Oscar F., who 
 died at 35, unmarried. 2. Addis E., who married Ella E. Brown, and resides 
 in Jamestown. 3. Adelaide E., wife of Henry B. Clark, Pulaski, N. Y. 4. 
 Earl /'., who married Celestia M. Ellsworth. 5. Alton L., who married 
 Kate H. Cullum, and has removed to Vallejo, Cal. 
 
 Churches. 
 
 The Baptist Church in Panama was organized May 14, 181 7, and was com- 
 posed of 16 members, namely: Simeon Powers, Timothy Jenner, Orange 
 Phelps, Samuel Hurlbut, Oliver Pier, Israel Carpenter, Caleb Beals, and the 
 wives of all ; and Moses Jenner and Aurilla Groom. Rev. John Lasure, 
 Rev. Asa Turner, John Putnam, Lorenzo Hunt, Russel Babcock, Wm. Marsh, 
 and Mary Bliss, from the churches of Pomfret and Chautauqua, composed 
 the council ; Rev. J. Lasure, moderator. Timothy Jenner and David Pratt, 
 were chosen deacons. Orange Phelps was the first church clerk. Simeon 
 Powers was immediately chosen as pastor, and continued as such until 1828. 
 Among those who have since ministered to the church are Palmer Cross, 
 Peter Freeman, Charles Sanderson, and Spencer S. Ainsworth, who was 
 ordained Nov. 19, 1845. Present pastor, Alfred Wells. Among those who 
 have served as deacons since those first elected, were Reuben Thompson, 
 Ephraim Case, Joel Powers, Stephen Brayton, Holland Blackmar, Nathan 
 Chamberlain. Samuel Hurlbut succeeded Orange Phelps as clerk ; and after 
 the _ division of the church, Moses Jenner, Ebenezer Pratt, Noble Gates, 
 Daniel G. Powers, Job Arnold, Ambrose Blackmar and others have served as 
 clerks. In 1821, a difficulty arose which resulted in the exclusion of about 
 one-half of the members, which for a few years crippled the energies of the 
 church. For several years previous to 1834, meetings were alternately held 
 at school-houses. Panama was then made the center, and the other locations 
 given up. In 1835-6, they built their house of worship, which was dedi- 
 cated Aug. II, 1836 ; the sermon by Rev. Charles Morton, of Erie. The 
 site of this house was obtained by the liberality of members of the Presby- 
 terian church of this village. A portion of this gift was refunded to them 
 when building their own house of worship. 
 
 The Baptist Church at Ashville was organized in July, 1828 ; Rev. Jairus 
 Handy officiating. A branch of the Mayville Baptist church was formed the 
 year previous; but in the absence of records, particulars cannot be satisfac- 
 
444 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 torily given. The constituent members of the present church were : Hiram 
 Alden, Chas. D. Slayton, James McClellan, Sr. and Jr., Nathaniel H. Stow, 
 Anson Phelps, Heber Cowden, Daniel Higley, Albert Partridge, John Well- 
 man, John Rugg, Geo. L. Case, Peter L. Phelps, John Morton, Ephraim Case, 
 and 17 females — in all, 32. Ephraim Case was chosen the first deacon; 
 James McClellan, clerk. The church edifice was erected in 1831 or 1832, 
 but not completed until a year or two years afterwards. 
 
 The First Congregational Church was organized Nov. 28, 1830, by Rev. 
 Justin Marsh, assisted by Rev. Samuel Leonard and Rev. Isaac Jones, all 
 members of BuflFalo Presbytery. The church was received under the care of 
 that Presbytery. After several years, having adopted the Presbyterian form 
 of government and discipline, it took the name of First Presbyterian Church 
 of Panama. Among the first members were Orrin Matthews and wife, Asa- 
 hel Clark and wife, Margaret Morgan, and others. Others joined soon after : 
 Mary Nichols, Benj. and Eunice D. Smith, Emeline M. Smith, Dr. Stephen 
 Peck, Dr. Cornelius Ormes, John H. and Esther Pray, Matilda Chase, Sa- 
 mantha Dix, Dea. Josiah Holbrook and wife, Nehemiah Sperry and wife, 
 Mrs. Sarah Dix, Reuben Davis and wife, Noah Harrington and wife. They 
 had occasional preaching by Rev. Mr. Stanley, Rev. Erastus J. Gillett, Rev. 
 Samuel G. Orton, and others. The first pastor was Rev. Alfred W. Gray. 
 He was followed by Aaron Van Wormer, Abner D. Olds, O. D. Hibbard, A. 
 Worthington, Charles Merwin. For many years after their organization, 
 their place of worship was in the tannery, which had been fitted up for that 
 purpose. A new church edifice was erected in 1846. Rev. Chalon Burgess, 
 the present pastor, has served the church as such since 1861. 
 
 The Methodist Episcopal Church at Blockinlle is said to have originated in 
 a class formed as early as the year 1818. An early settler thinks John Lewis, 
 Isaac Carpenter, John Pember, and their wives ; Daniel B. Carpenter, Joseph 
 S. Pember, and Mrs. Elijah Terry, were first members of the class. Another 
 mentions also John Steward, Sr., and Almon Lewis and their wives ; and 
 soon after, Phineas Stevens, David Preston, and Martin Hobert and their 
 wives, and Henry Crane. The first local preacher was John Lewis ; ,the 
 first circuit preacher, John Somerville, who was succeeded by Wra. Green. 
 The first church edifice of this society was dedicated in January, 1840. 
 
 The Free-will Baptist Church of Harmony was organized at the house of 
 Nathaniel Clark, at King's Corners, Dec. 4, 1830; Elders Harmon Jenkins 
 and Thomas Grinold, officiating. The number of members constituting the 
 church was 23. They were Timothy Walkley, David Lucas, Nathaniel Clark, 
 David Clark, James Alexander, Asa Wait, Ebenezer Thayer, Samuel Reed, 
 Phineas Chamberlain, and the wives of most or all of them ; Isaac Phelps, 
 Freeman Williams, Sarah Bumham, Rhoda Keith, and Pamelia Baldwin. 
 Asa Wait was chosen clerk, and was succeeded, Jan., 1833, by Aaron Bald- 
 win. The first deacon named, was David Lucas, chosen Jan., 1834, and held 
 the office till his death, Sept. 4, 1872. In 1867, Daniel Ellis was elected 
 second deacon. The ministers who statedly supplied the church for longer 
 
KIANTONE. 445 
 
 or shorter periods, were Thomas Grinold, J. Smith, R. J. Cowles, F. B. Tan- 
 ner. After 1859, [the year not given,] the church was moved about 3 miles 
 south, on the town line, and took the name of Clymer and Harmony Church. 
 Since the removal, the church has been supplied by Elders Arad Losee, 
 (commencing 1863,) Oliver Johnson, Ansel Griffith, Arad Losee, a second 
 time, [1868] Wm. Johnson, Joshua Giffin, Joseph Kettle. Present pastor, 
 Ansel Griffith. A house of worship was built, in 1868, by the Baptists and 
 Mtthodists, jointly. 
 
 The South Harmony Free-will Baptist Church was organized Nov. 5, 1855, 
 at the Cherry school-house. The names of the original members are Erastus 
 Huntley, Joseph Carroll, Aaron Cornish, Elisha Morgan, Levi Rexford, Han- 
 nah Tillotson, Mary Mather, Sarah Maria Cornish, Patience Smith, Catharine 
 Siggins, Theodosia Wellman. Erastus Huntley was the first clerk. The first 
 pastor was Levi Rexford, who has been succeeded by A. Losee, W. H. Cut- 
 ler, D. S. Fowler, Oliver Johnson, Joseph Kettle, and the present pastor, G. 
 H. Chappell. This church and society, two years a^o, built a fine house 
 of worship, in which meetings are regularly held. Present clerk, Charles 
 Bentley. 
 
 KIANTONE. 
 
 KiANTONE was formed from Carroll, Nov. 16, 1853. It embraces the 
 east half of township i, range 11, except the north tier of four lots, which 
 forms a part of EUicott, and includes that portion of the south-west part of 
 t. I, r. 10, which lies between its west line and the Connewango creek, giving 
 it an area of about 11,288 acres — little more than half the area of an entire 
 township. Its surface is undulating in the east part, and hilly in the west. 
 The highest summits are about 100 feet above Chautauqua lake. The greater 
 part of the eastern boundary is formed by the Connewango creek. The 
 Kiantone creek, from Pennsylvania, runs through the south-east part of the 
 town, north-easterly into the Connewango about 2 miles above the Pennsyl- 
 vania line. A branch of the Kiantone, the York Run, rising in the south- 
 west corner of the town, runs east and enters the Kiantone a mile and a half 
 above its mouth. The Stillwater crosses the northern part of the town, and 
 unites with the Connewango. The soil is a clay loam intermixed with gravel. 
 Original Purchases in Kiantone — Township i, Range 11. * 
 1808. March, Robert Russell, i. September, Hezekiah Seymour, 30. 
 James Slade, 30. 
 
 1810. May, Solomon Jones, 31. 
 
 181 1. April, William Sears, 11. June, Elijah Braley, 10. Wm. Sears, 3, 
 12. September, James Hall, 19. Ebenezer Davis, 28. October, Ebenezer 
 Cheney, 27. Wm. and Isaac Martin, 23. December, John Blowers, 31. 
 
 181 2. October, Ebenezer Cheney, 13. 
 
 1813. September, Jonathan Cheney, i. 
 
446 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 1814. James Akin, 15. May, Daniel Wallace, 8 [EUicott.] 
 
 1815. Feb., Wm. Sears, 19. Nov., Levi Jones, 3. Gordon Swift, 18. 
 
 1823. February, David C. Jones, 17. June, Charles Spencer, 4. 
 
 1824. January, Richard Covell, 6. - 
 
 1825. October, Joel Marsh, 27. December, James Akin, 14. 
 
 1826. June, David Price, 25. George Snyder, 25. July, Roderick 
 Chapin, 26. David C. Jones, 17. Ora Davis, 17. Elias Woodcock, 17. 
 December, Silas Axtell, 3. Levi Davis, 13. 
 
 1827. June, James Hall, 3. Rufus Greene, 18, 26. September, Nathan 
 Kidder, 31. 
 
 A settlement was made early on the Stillwater creek, in tp. i, r. 11, near 
 the center of the township, which is now hear the west line of the town of 
 Kiantone. Joseph Akin, from Rensselaer Co., was the pioneer settler here. 
 He came with his family in 1807, before the survey of the township into lots 
 was completed. Solomon Jones settled on lot 21, in 1810, and Benj. Tubbs, 
 it is said, on lot 31, the same year. In 1811, Wm. Sears bought on lots 11, 
 3, 12; James Hall, Icjt 19; Ebenezer Davis, 28; Ebenezer Cheney, 27 ; and 
 Wm. and Isaac Martin, 23. Several of the relatives of Mr. Akin also settled 
 early in the town. 
 
 Joseph Akin laid out a piece of ground into lots for a villlage, about the 
 time Judge Prendergast laid out Jamestown ; but he would not sell his lots 
 in fee, but offered long leases to any persons who would improve them. But 
 Prendergast sold his lots on liberal terms, and gave clear deeds, and credited 
 almost any one who desired it. Consequently Jamestown went forsvard, 
 while Akinsville declined, or remained stationary. It is beheved but two 
 houses and a blacksmith shop were built in Akinsville ; one of the houses 
 being Laban Case's tavern. Akin had probably brought his lease notions 
 from Rensselaer county, where most of the land was held by leases from the 
 patroon or other land proprietors. This system of land tenures had become 
 unpopular in the eastern counties of the state, and probably still more so 
 among the settlers here from other parts of the country. 
 
 Solomon Jones came from Vermont in the summer of 1810, located his 
 land, chopped a small piece of timber, and erected the body of a log house : 
 and hired Elijah Akin to prepare it for occupancy. He returned to Vermont, 
 and in the fall brought his family with two wagons and five horses. He 
 arrived at Mayville the first of November ; left there his wagons and family ; 
 hired a keel boat in which they were to be brought to the Rapids ; and he 
 and EUick, his oldest son, came down with the horses on the east side of the 
 lake, staying over night at Jeremiah Griffith's, and the horses being turned 
 into corn stubble. In the morning they started, and came by marked trees to 
 the head of the Rapids, where they found John Blowers' new log house, not yet 
 occupied. He crossed the outlet, the ground covered with snow, and went 
 to Joseph Akin's on the Stillwater, and put his horses in corn stubble. Akin 
 had not yet finished his log house, but was about to put on a board roof. 
 From adverse winds and other causes, he was two days in getting down ; 
 and the next morning after its arrival at the head of the Rapids, the outlet 
 
CT)" 
 
 '^Crh£/jiyr(7.-xJ 
 
 .1'!, 
 
 r- ■'■». 
 
KIANTONE. 447 
 
 was frozen over ; and the boatmen left the boat and returned to Mayville. 
 Jones staid at Akin's a few days, and moved into his cabin, without a chim- 
 ney, Nov. 1 6, 1810. 
 
 Mr. Jones had had practical experience in clearing land in Vermont. He 
 chopped 7 acres during the winter. Early in March, Wm. Sears and Nathan 
 Lasall arrived with a yoke of oxen. The spring being an unusually early one, 
 the cattle lived well in the woods, the leeks having very early attained a luxu- 
 riant growth. Sears wanting grain, and Jones a yoke of oxen and cows, they 
 went to the mouth of the Broken Straw creek, where Jones bought a good 
 yoke of oxen and a cow for $65. Mr. Jones cleared off 6 acres, from which 
 he harvested 300 bushels of com, and about 70 bushels of potatoes. 
 
 Almost simultaneously with the settlement on the Stillwater, commenced 
 the settlement of township i, r. 10, [now Carroll.] We find as original pur- 
 chasers, as early as 1808, Joel Taylor on lot 51 ; George Sloan, 59, [now in 
 Kiantone.] In 1809, Samuel Anderson, 57, [now in Kiantone;] Charles 
 Boyles, 62 ; and Isaac Walton, 41. In 1810, Henry Abell, 33, and George 
 W. Fenton, 52. Those, as will be seen, settled in the south-west part of the 
 township. How many of these purchasers became actual settlers does not 
 appear. Altliough the Company's books show no articled lands earlier so far 
 north as Frewsburgh, we are informed that John Frew bought an interest in 
 lands there as early as 1809; though he probably did not settle there so soon, 
 as he worked through the summer of that year in sawing for Edward Work ; 
 and it was not until 181 1, that the Frews and Thomas Russell built their 
 saw-mill near Frewsburgh. [See Hist, of Carroll.] This may be considered 
 as about the time of settlement at Frewsburgh. 
 
 Benjamin Covel was born in Harwich, Mass., in 1761. In 1777, he en- 
 listed in the Revolutionary army, and served during the war. He was at the 
 taking of Burgoyne, at Sullivan's defeat, and at the battle of Monmouth, 
 N. J. He was married, in 1784, to Sibyl Durkee, in Washington, Conn. 
 His father, John Covel, removed with his sons to Pittstown, N. Y., about 
 1786, where he died in 1806, aged 73. Benjamin removed in 1810, with a 
 large family, to the present town of Carroll, where he resided until his death, 
 Nov. 27, 1822, aged 61. At that time all of his sons and daughters, his 
 brother Seth and nephew Simeon, were hving in the neighborhood ; and the 
 settlement was called Coveltown. In a sketch of Benj. Covel and family, it 
 is said they " were active in getting the first bridge built across the Conne- 
 wango at Coveltown, by Capt. Charles Taylor." From this it is naturally 
 inferred that they resided near the Connewango ; whereas, it appears from 
 the Land Company's books, that Benj. Covel took up, in December, i8io, 
 lot 2, tp. I, r. II, on which Alexander T. Prendergast and Seth Cheney now 
 reside, in Kiantone. Benj. Covel's wife died in Covington, Genesee Co., 
 183 1, aged 69. 
 
 Jasper Marsh, a native of Mass., removed from Otsego Co. to Chautauqua, 
 on lot 28, tp. I, r. II, then Pomfret, since Eliicott, now Kiantone, near Joseph 
 Akin's, on Stillwater creek. He was a soldier of the Revolution. He was 
 
448 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 a farmer and a mechanic. He supplied many of the early settlers with large 
 spinning wheels, reels, common chairs, hay rakes, fork handles, and most 
 other wooden articles turned in a lathe. His wares were generally stamped, 
 "J. Marsh," with a hot iron. He was at the taking of Burgoyne, and at 
 West Point, Boundbrook, N. J., etc. He was a pensioner for his Revolu- 
 tionary services. 
 
 Benj. Jones, from Vermont, came about 1820, and settled in the south-east 
 part of the town, on land now owned by Alexander T. Prendergast. He 
 subsequently removed to lot 21, where Henry, his youngest son, now lives. 
 He was one of the earliest and most active friends of the temperance cause, 
 and highly esteemed for his integrity and moral worth. His children were 
 Austin, Orville, Loren, Henry, who resides on the homestead of his father, 
 and Cynthia, wife of Seth Cheney; Austin, Orville, deceased. 
 
 Ebenezer Chapin, a native of Washington Co., N. Y., removed from War- 
 saw, N. Y., to this town in 1830, and settled on lot 25, and in 1856, to the 
 village where he now resides. He married Maria D. Cady of this town. 
 They had 7 children, of whom 6 arrived at mature age : Adams, Emma, 
 Adelia, wife of Dexter Parker, who reside in town ; Dwight, a merchant in 
 Cincinnati ; Sylvester, who was wounded in the late war, and died in Wil- 
 mington, N. C, from sickness contracted while employed in a hospital ; and 
 Orlando. 
 
 Roderick Chapin, bom in Mass., removed from Warsaw, N. Y., to this 
 town, on lot 25, where he died in 1857. He was a preacher, first, in the 
 Methodist Episcopal church ; afterwards in the Cumberland Presbyterian 
 church. His children were : Hester Ann, wife of Charles Lyon, in James- 
 town; Charlotte, wife of James McKay, in Michigan ; Jasper, Louisa, Sarah, 
 Mary, and Roderick, who died in infancy. 
 
 Nathan A. Alexander, from Vermont, resided successively on what is 
 known as the Cary farm, lot 20 ; on lot 18, i m. west of the village; and on 
 land bought of Ransom Akin, on Stillwater, where he and his wife both died, 
 leaving no children. 
 
 The first town-meeting for the election of town officers, was held on the 
 2ist of February, 1854, at the house of E. Frissel, in the village of Carroll, 
 [now Kiantone.] The names of the officers elected are as follows : 
 
 Supervisor — Ezbai Kidder. Town Clerk — Levant B. Brown. Justices of 
 the Peace — Levant B. Brown, Martin C. Grant, Charles Russell, Aaron J. 
 Phillips. Town Superintendent of Schools — Francis M. Alvord. Assessors — 
 Joel Scudder, Jr., Nathan A. Alexander. Com'rs of Highways — Simeon C. 
 Davis, Smith Spencer, Stephen C. Rhinehart. Collector — Stephen Norton. 
 Inspectors of Election — Milo Van Namee, George A. Dom, Stephen Norton, 
 [appointed.] Overseers of the Poor — Eddy Weatherly, Joshua Norton. Con- 
 stables — Stephen Norton, Joseph Davis, Abram Martin, James Griffin. The 
 act forming the town of Kiantone designated Alexander T. Prendergast, 
 Benj. T. Morgan, and James B. Slocum, as a town board, to preside at the 
 first town-meeting, to appoint a clerk of the board, to open and keep the polls. 
 
KIANTONE. 449 
 
 and to exercise the powers of justices of the peace at town-meetings. Albert 
 Scudder was appointed clerk of the board. 
 
 Voted, that the next annual meeting be held at E. Frissel's. 
 
 Voted, that the sum of $150 be raised for roads and bridges. 
 
 The act forming the town required the eastern line to be adjusted so as to 
 make the support of the bridge, called the State Line bridge, wholly charge- 
 able on the town of Kiantone. 
 
 In 1855, the following were elected : Supervisor — Lucien V. Axtell. Town 
 Clerk — George A. Hall. Justices of the Peace — Aaron J. Phillips, Walter D. 
 Wicks, Luther H. Botsford. [The necessity of electing more than one 
 justice this year, was probably caused by the failure of two to qualify the 
 year previous, or by declining to serve.] Superintendent of Schools — Josiah 
 Davis. Assessors — Charles Spencer, Wynant Creel, Chas. Russell. Com'r 
 of Highways — James B. Slocum. Collector — -Osmond H. Field. Inspectors 
 of Election — John W. Creel, Milo Van Namee, George A. Dorn. Overseers 
 of Poor — Nathan A. Alexander, James Carey. Constables — Osmond H. Field, 
 Myron H. Botsford, Abram Martin, James A. Dunn. Town Board — Levant 
 B. Brown, Simeon C. Davis, George A. Dorn. Clerk of Board — Levant B. 
 Brown. 
 
 Voted, that the sum of $150 be raised for roads and bridges. 
 
 Voted, that the town-meeting for 1856 be held at E. Frissel's. 
 Supervisors of Kiantone from 1854 to 18^4. 
 
 Ezbai Kidder, 1854. Lucien Hall, 1855, '56. Charles Spencer, 1857. 
 Delavan G. Morgan, 1858. Russell M. Brown, 1859, '61. George A. Hall, 
 i860. Wellington Woodward, 1862, '63, '64, '65, '68. Aaron J. Phillips, 
 1866, '67, '73 (?). Joel Scudder, 1869 to '72. Howard Russell, 1874. 
 
 Biographical and Genealogical. 
 
 Ebenezer Cheney, a native of Orange, Mass., removed to Chautauqua 
 Co., and settled on the east part of lot 12, tp. 1, r. 11 ; his deed bearing 
 date, Nov. 12, 181 2. We find him, however, on the Company's books, to 
 have articled a part of lot 27, in Oct., 1811; and the east part of lot 13, in 
 Oct., 181 2. He appears also as purchaser, by article, in other townships. 
 In 18 1 7, he removed to Jamestown, and after a brief residence there he 
 removed back to his farm in Kiantone, where he died Aug. 12, 1828, from 
 the kick of a sucking colt. His age was 67 years. His wife died Nov. 11, 
 1835, aged 68. They had 6 daughters, (one of whom died in infancy,) and 
 3 sons. Ruby, the eldest daughter, was the wife, first of Wm. Sears, an early 
 settler in Kiantone, and after his death, the wife of Charles Arnold, of De- 
 wittville. Anna was the wife of Judge E. T. Foote ; and Mary, Abigail, and 
 Maria were successively wives of James Hall, also an early settler and prom- 
 inent citizen of Kiantone. His youngest son, Seth, resides in the south-east 
 part of the town, and has a son residing with him. 
 
 Ebenezer Davis, bom in Wardsboro', Vt., came to this county with his 
 brother Emri, in 18 12, and settled on or near the Stillwater creek, now in 
 29 
 
4SO HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 Kiantone. He married Lydia, a daughter of Wm. Hall. He was the first 
 town clerk of EUicott, which then included Carroll and Kiantone. At 
 the first revival, in 1818, commenced under the preaching of Elder Davis, 
 Baptist, Ebenezer Davis was the first person baptized in Stillwater, at Akin's 
 bridge. He died, Jan. 9, 1846, aged 66. The land book shows Mr. Davis 
 as an original purchaser by article only of the south part of lot 37, tp. i, r. 
 lo, in May, 18 14. The assessment roll of Pomfret, however, has the name 
 of Ebenezer Davis on the east part of lot 28, tp. i, r. 11, now in the west 
 part of Kiantone, a short distance south of Stillwater creek. Elisha, a 
 younger brother, born next after Emri, died in EUicott, unmarried. Adams, 
 the youngest brother, came to EUicott in 1815, and removed to Flemington, 
 N. J., where, in 1857, he was teacher of an academy. The sisters were 
 Mrs. Samuel Hall, of Busti ; Mrs. Joseph Waite, of Jamestown ; and Mrs. 
 Eli Hoskins, Jamestown. 
 
 Samuel Garfield, a native of Mass., removed from Windham Co., Vt., 
 in 18 14, to EUicott, afterwards Carroll, now Kiantone. His wife's maiden 
 name was Haywood, who was a sister of Mrs. Thomas W. Harvey and Mrs. 
 Solomon Jones. He removed early to lot 46, tp. i, r. 11, now Busti, and 
 resided for a few years in Jamestown. He was a carpenter by trade, and 
 worked also at farming. At an early day he made half-bushel and smaller 
 dry measures. He also invented a mode of making scythe snaths, by steam- 
 ing and bending. Finding a ready sale for his snaths, he enlarged his man- 
 ufactory and improved his machinery, until they attained to the capacity of 
 manufacturing several thousand dozen a year, shipping them extensively to 
 the South and West, until nearly all the ash timber fit for snaths, in that 
 region, had been worked up. 
 
 Joseph Garfield, a brother of Samuel, removed to EUicott, thence to 
 Pine Grove, Pa., and after a few years returned to EUicott, now Busti. He 
 was once elected a justice of the peace in Busti, and a coroner of the county. 
 
 James Hall, with his brothers, Samuel, William, Josiah, Elisha, and Orris, 
 removed in 1812, from Dover, Vt, to Pomfret, [now Kiantone,] where he 
 resided, on the same farm, until his death, in 1846. At the first town election 
 in EUicott, on its organization, in 1813, he was elected constable and collec- 
 tor. He was elected assessor in 1816, and reelected until 1822, inclusive. 
 In 1823, he was elected supervisor, and was continued in the office by re- 
 election until the town of Carroll was set off, in which he thereby became a 
 resident, and in which, on its organization, he was elected supervisor, and 
 reelected year after year, until he positively declined serving any longer in 
 that office. He was at a pretty early period appointed a justice of the peace, 
 which office he held for many years. In 1833, he was elected a member of 
 assembly; and it is mentioned as an evidence of his popularity, that the 
 party opposed to him had elected their candidate the year previous by more 
 than 1,700 majority. When somewhat advanced in life, he united with the 
 Congregational church, of which he continued a worthy and efficient member. 
 Several years bqfore his death he became partially palsied, and gradually 
 
KIANTONE. 45 1 
 
 wasted away. He was born July i6, 1790, and died Aug 21, 1846, aged 56 
 years. He was married, in Dover, Vt., in 1 810, to Mary, a daughter of 
 Ebenezer Cheney, and had by her four children. After her death, in Kian- 
 tone, in 1828, he married her sister, who died a few months after; and six 
 months after her decease, he married another sister, by whom he had three 
 children. 
 
 William Martin, sorf of Aaron Martin, removed to Chautauqua Co. with 
 his father in 181 1, and bought a part of lot 23, tp. i, r. n. He was born at 
 Claverack, Columbia Co., N. Y., Nov. 7, 1789, and was married in Busti, in 
 18 15, to Roxa Pier, daughter of Levi Pier. He was ensign in Lieut. Wm. 
 Forbes' company, in the war of 181 2, and was taken prisoner at the battle of 
 Buffalo, and kept at Montreal until May, 18 14 — four months — sent to St. 
 Johns, was there exchanged, and returned home in June. He was called out 
 again in September, was at Fort Erie, and left five days before the " sortie.'' 
 Mr. Martin still resides on the farm on which he first settled. He had 9 
 children: i. Isaac, who married Fanny Rawson, and resides in Carroll. 
 Three of his sons were in the late war : Edgar, who was in the battle of Wil- 
 liamsburgh, and several others ; Emery, who was also for a time an assistant 
 in a hospital ; and Albert, who was in the battle of Fort Fisher, in which 
 Capt. Smith, of Jamestown, was killed. Isaac had 4 other sons, Lorenzo, 
 Jesse, Homer, and an infant son; and 2 daughters, Lazetta and Elvira. 2. 
 Abraham, who married Mary E. Burnham, and resides near his father. His 
 children are Ellen, Willis, and George. 3. Lorenzo, who married Mercy 
 Jenkins, and resides in Busti. His children are Melissa, Alice, Hannah, 
 Ophelia, and Dewey. 4. Alonzo D., who married Clarissa Jones, who is de- 
 ceased. He emigrated to New Zealand, married, and has a family there. 5. 
 Sally Ann, wife of Lyman Northrup, Sugar Grove, Pa. 6. Davis, died at 
 10. 7. Adaline. 8. George L., who married Jane Smiley, and resides in 
 Jamestown. 9. Annette, died in infancy. 
 
 William Sears, born in Dover, Vt., March 29, 1787, removed to Kian- 
 tone, on lot 11, which he bought in April, 18 11, and on which he resided till 
 his death. Some years after his settlement, he opened a tavern in his dwell- 
 ing house on the east side of the road, a little south of the small run in the 
 village of Kiantofie. He subsequently built a two story front to his house, 
 and sold his tavern and a part of the farm ; after which he built a large, two 
 story tavern house on the north side of the little ruti of water, west side of 
 the road; in which house he died. The heirs, after his death, sold the tavern 
 stand, now owned by Aaron J. Phillips. No tavern is kept there. Nathan 
 L., a son of Wm. Sears, removed to Towanda, 111., where he had a large prairie 
 farm. He lost a son in the south-western army, in 1863. Clinton W., edu- 
 cated at Yale College and Wesleyan University, became an eminent preacher, 
 stationed in and about Cincinnati, O. ; went as chaplain in the army ; was at 
 the siege of Vicksburg ; was taken ill ; and came home and died in 1863. 
 The village of Kiantone was at one time called Searsville, from Wm. Sears, 
 the first settler at that place. 
 
452 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 Churches. 
 
 The Jnrsi Congregational Church of Kianione yia.s organized in 1815, as 
 the First Church of ElUcott, about a year earlier than the Congregational 
 Church of Jamestown. After the town of Carroll was formed from EUicott, 
 in 1825, the church being within the new town, it was called the Congrega- 
 tional Church of Carroll ; and since the erection of Kiantone from Carroll 
 in 1853, the church has been known as the Congregational Church of Kian- 
 tone. It was organized by Rev. John Spencer, with 5 male and 5 female 
 members : Asa Moore, Samuel Garfield, Levi Jones, and their wives ; John 
 Jones, Anna, wife of Ebenezer Cheney, Mrs. Wheeler, wife of Josiah Wheeler, 
 and Wm. Deland. The first deacon was John Jones. Those who have since 
 been chosen to that office are : Asa Moore, James Carey, John C. Jones, 
 Eleazar Fellows, Ebenezer Chapin, 1852. [The list is furnished to no later 
 date.] For several years after its formation, the church had occasional 
 preaching in dwellings and school-houses, by John Spencer. The church 
 has since been supplied by Amasa West, Samuel Leonard, 1828 ; Isaac 
 Eddy, 1829; Simeon Peck, 1834; Joseph S. Emory, (installed, 1835;) O. 
 D. Hibbard, 1841 ; S. W. Edson, T. A. Gale, E. M. Spencer, W. T. Rey- 
 nolds, N. H. Barnes, W. A. Halleck. In 1830, a meeting-house was built 
 9n a site given the society by widow Sears. Meetings were held, first in pri- 
 vate dwellings, and afterwards in school-houses. 
 
 The Jnrst Christian Society of Universalists in Carroll was formed at the 
 present village of Kiantone, Dec. 30, 1853 ; Rufus Greene, moderator of the 
 meeting ; Levi Davis, secretary. Charles Spencer, Isaac Eames, and Julius 
 Alvord were elected trustees ; Charles Brown, treasurer. The constitution 
 and by-laws of the society were subscribed by about twenty-five persons. 
 A meeting-house was built in 1845. A church was organized Nov. 26, 1853. 
 A constitution, articles of faith, and form of church covenant were adopted, 
 and were signed by Rev. F. M. Alvord, pastor; N. A. Alexander, Horatio 
 N. Thornton, stewards; Joseph Case, Arthur B. Braley, Oliver G. Chase, Caro- 
 line Wheaton, Eunice N. Thornton, Mary S. Thornton. H. N. Thornton was 
 chosen clerk. 
 
 MINA. 
 
 MiNA was taken from Clyraer, March 23, 1824. It included the present 
 town of Sherman, which was taken off in 1832. It comprises the 2d town- 
 ship of the 15th range. Its surface is rolling and hilly. Its largest stream 
 is French creek, which, passing through the northern and western parts of 
 Sherman, crosses the south-east comer of Mina into the town of French 
 Creek. The outlet of Findley's lake is also a considerable stream, which 
 affords a water power sufficient for several mills within a mile and a half fi:om 
 the lake. 
 
MINA. 453 
 
 Orighial Purchases in Township 2, Range 15. 
 
 181 1. September, Alexander Findley, 52. 
 
 1815. Oct., Alexander Findley, 42. Nov., Jonathan Darrow, 57 or 58. 
 
 1816. March, George Haskell, 58. 
 
 1818. October, Aaron Whitney, 59. Roger Haskell, 59. 
 
 182 r. May, George Collier, 45. November, Nathan Leach, 44. 
 
 1822. September, Hiel Rowley, 37. 
 
 1823. August, John G. Acres, 38. September, James Ottaway, 14. 
 William Tryon, 31. October, Silas Hazen, Jr., 23. Horace Brockway, 44. 
 November, Joseph Palmer, 1 1. John Barnes, 20. 
 
 1824. March, Elisha Morse, 39. Nathan Morse, 45. Edward P. 
 Morse, 45. April, Ezra Bisby, 26. Ezra F. Bisby, 26. June, Josiah 
 Morse, 61. Elijah Heyden, 33. Charles T. Bailey, 7. August, Edward 
 Chambers, 14. Sept., Robert Corbett, 2 or 3. Oct., James Nichols, 3. 
 
 1825. March, Seth McCurry, 13. Wm. Craig, Jr., 22. April, Squire 
 King, 7. Benj. R. Teft, 60. Nathaniel Herrick, 7. May, Jesse Oaks, 27. 
 Josiah R. Keeler, 3. Zina Rickard, 28. October, Nathaniel Throop, 6. 
 Hugh Findley, 42. Oliver B. Bliss and Henry Bliss, 56. December, West 
 Barber, 47. 
 
 1826. January, Hugh I. Skellie, 50, 51. April, Gideon Barlow, 16. 
 June, James Ottaway, Jr., 35. October, Horace Brockway, 59. Jesse 
 Robertson, 62. 
 
 1827. March, James W. Robertson, 43. 
 
 1828. January, Isaac Fox, 46. February, George CoUier, 54. May, 
 Theodore Whitten, 40. Cyrus Underwood, 40. August, Wm. Tryon, 31. 
 November, James W. Robertson, 34. 
 
 1831. May, Daniel S. Richmond, 32. George Pulman, 45. 
 
 Of the original purchasers named in the foregoing list, Aaron Whitney, 
 Hiel Brockway, Gideon Barlow, and John W. Robertson, are the only ones 
 who own lands which they bought of the Holland Company. Peter R. 
 Montague owns the farm on which, at the age of 15, he settled with Ezra 
 Bisby, his step-father, the original purchaser in 1824. 
 
 The first settlement in this town is said to have been made in 1816, on 
 lot 52, by Alexander Findley, which was five years after his purchase, in 
 181 1. According to the State Gazetteer, Aaron Whitney settled on lot 59, 
 in 1821, and, the same year, Zina Rickard, on lot 28, and Roger Haskell, on 
 lot 50. From the preceding list of original purchases, it will appear that 
 Haskell bought in 1816, and on lot 58, instead of 50; and Whitney and 
 Rickard, in 18 18. Although not all purchasers entered upon their lands the 
 same year in which they articled them, it is not probable that three years elapsed 
 before they settled upon their lands. Rickard does not appear on the land- 
 office books as a purchaser, by article, until 1825, though he may have 
 resided on his land before that year. The Jeremiah Knowles, whose name 
 is not on the list of original purchasers, is said to have settled a mile and a 
 half north of Findley's lake, when there was not a- public road in the west 
 part of the town. He was a civil engineer, and laid out the first public road 
 in that vicinity. 
 
 Alexander Findley was born in Ireland, and emigrated with his family to 
 
454 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 this country, and resided for a time in Greenfield, Erie Co., Pa. He removed 
 thence to where the village of Findley's Lake now is ; both the lake and the 
 place having taken their names from him. The lake is also known by the 
 name of "Findley's Pond." He had ii children, 6 sons and 5 daughters, 
 10 of whom arrived at mature age. Of the sons, Russel, Hugh and Carson, 
 settled in Mina. Russel removed to Crawford Co., Pa., and died there. 
 Hugh died in Mina. Carson still resides in the town, ^ m. north from the 
 village. He married Mary Ann, daughter of Archelaus Hunt, an early 
 settler in the south part of the town. He had ro children, of whom 5 
 are living. 
 
 Aaron Whitney removed to Chautauqua county, and settled on lot 59, 
 which he bought in Oct., i8t8, where he still resides. His sons are: Isaac, 
 who resides in French Creek ; Samuel, removed to the West ; James, unmar- 
 ried, at home ; Hiram, in town — wife deceased ; Aaron, at the West ; Benja- 
 min in town ; Zebulon, in Penn. Mr. Whitney's daughters are : Phebe, wife 
 of Lorenzo Flowers, and resides in Mina ; Electa, wife of Morgan Tanner, of 
 Wattsburg, Pa. ; Miranda, wife of Jared Chittenden, removed to Illinois, and 
 died there ; and a daughter who died young. 
 
 CuUin Barnes settled early at Mina Corners, where he lately resided. His 
 sons are : Melvin C., who resides in town ; Azial P., a blacksmith at Finley's 
 Lake. He has 3 daughters : Charlotte, wife of Nahum N. Grimes ; Lucena, 
 wife of Isaac Rockwell, and resides in Penn. ; and Adelia, unmarried, who 
 resides at her father's. Mr. Barnes died within the last year. 
 
 Robert Corbett, from Milford, Mass., came to Chautauqua county, and 
 |)urchased, in 1824, a part of lot 3, in the present town of Mina. He sub- 
 sequently built a saw-mill and a grist-mill on the site previously occupied by 
 Alexander Findley. His sons were : Ithiel, who removed with his family to 
 Cahfornia ; Newell, in Sherman ; David, a merchant in New York ; Robert 
 A., at present keeper of the hotel at Findley's Lake ; Otis, residing in Chi- 
 cago. Daughters of Mr. Corbett : Lucretia, wife of James W. Robertson, 
 merchant; and Lydia, who died at 19. 
 
 Peter R. Montague, bom in Vermont, July 3, 1809, removed, at the age 
 of 3 years, with his mother to Middlebury, Genesee Co., and thence to 
 Mina, in 1824, with his step-father, Ezra Bisby, who settled on the farm on 
 which Mr. Montague now resides. He has held various offices in the town, 
 and is at present an overseer of the poor. He married, Jan. i, 1835, Olive 
 Hall, of French Creek. Their children are : Owen H., now at Wattsburg, 
 Pa.; Ellen, wife of Theodore M. Ryan, Foxburg, Pa.; Vira L., who married 
 Hubbard T. White, and lives at Jamestown ; Clara, wife of Dana P. Horton ; 
 and Harriet, unmarried. 
 
 Ichabod Thayer settled early on lot 10, where he resided many years. 
 He afterwards removed to Westfield, where he now resides. He has 3 sons : 
 Frank, a butter dealer ; Amos, a graduate of college, and a practicing lawyer 
 in St. Louis, Mo. ; and Joshua, a druggist, in Sherman. 
 
 James W. Robertson, from Cambridge, Washington Co., N. Y., in 1826, 
 
MINA. 455 
 
 settled on lot 52, now in the village of Findley's Lake, where, soon after, he 
 commenced the mercantile business. In 1832, he removed to Meadville, 
 Pa., and returned to Findley's Lake in 1839, where he is still engaged in trade. 
 Mr. R. was married to Lucretia^ daughter of Robert Corbett, and has 4 sons 
 and 2 daughters, all residing in the town : Robert C, a partner in the store ; 
 Amos T., George P., and Lee C. ; Louisa Ann, wife of Samuel Davis ; and 
 Flora J. 
 
 In the north-east part of the town, Gideon Barlow settled on lot 16, bought 
 in 1826, where he still resides. He was supervisor of the town four years, 
 and for many years a justice of the peace. He has two daughters : Clarissa, 
 who married Milton B. Sheldon, in the town of Westfield ; and Persis, the 
 wife, now the widow, of Henry Gill. 
 
 Charles Ross, from Chenango Co. to Genesee, and after two years to 
 Sherman, in 1825, on lot 50 ; thence to Penn., and, after four years, to Mina, 
 where he now resides. His wife, whose maiden name was Hannah Spencer, 
 died in Sherman. Their children were Jane, LeRoy, Amy, VVoodburn. 
 Only Amy, wife of Jacob Orcutt, resides in Mina. Charles Ross married 
 for a second wife Phebe Hager. Of their children, only Helena, wife of 
 Oren Hopkins, is living. Mr. and Mrs. Ross are both living. 
 
 George Ross, son of Charles Ross, an early settler in Clymer, came to 
 Mina, probably about 1830, and settled on lot 19, where he now resides. 
 He has held the office of supervisor, and other town offices. His' sons are : 
 Benjamin, in Penn. ; Artemas, a physician, at Cl)Tner ; and Smith, with his 
 father on the farm. 
 
 David Declow, from Winfield, Herkimer Co., in 1834, settled in Mina, at 
 the center of the town, near Mina Corners, where he now resides. He held 
 the offices of postmaster, justice of the peace, and was for three years super- 
 visor of the town. He had 10 children, of whom 2 sons and 5 daughters 
 attained to mature age : Franklin, a dealer in cattle, and William, both reside 
 in the tovm ; Elizabeth, the wife of Elias V. Beach ; Jennett, the wife, first, 
 of Edmund Buel ; second, of George Hooker, at Findley's Lake ; Celana, 
 wife of Horace Parsons, Esq. ; Urana, the wife of David Richards ; and 
 Roxana, who married Jay Williams, of Sherman. 
 
 Alexander D. Holdridge was born at Plainfield, Otsego Co., June 24, 1813, 
 and in 1841 settled near Mina Corners, and near the place where he now 
 resides. He was married to Almeda Jane Park, of Winfield, N. Y. He has 
 held, for several terms, the oftiee of justice of the peace, has been a notary 
 public, and, since 1869, to the present time, postmaster. His children, be- 
 sides three who died young, are ; Melissa, the wife of Job Skellie ; Chester 
 P., who married Ruth Skellie ; and Sarah, the wife of Jerome A. Buckley, 
 and resides at Mayville. 
 
 Randall T. Holdridge, from Otsego Co., settled, in 183,6, in the north part 
 of this town, where he now resides. He was married to Lucy Saxton. They 
 had 3 sons and 3 daughters : Isaac T., who married Mary Skellie, and resides 
 in French Creek ; Saxton R.,who died at about 25 years; Phineas, unmarried ; 
 
456 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 Elizabeth, wife of Robert Skellie, deceased ; Mary Louisa, wife of George 
 Taylor, of State Line, [Ripley;] she died in the lunatic asylum, Utica; Ade- 
 laide, the wife of Edward Russell, on the Nicholas Combs farm. 
 
 Aaron Grimes came to Mina about 1836, and settled on lot 20, where 
 now his son, Nahum N., resides, near Mina Comers. He now resides in 
 the west part of the town. 
 
 A large portion of the early settlers in the north-east part of Mina, and in 
 the north-west part of Sherman, were from Kent county, England. Of those 
 who settled in Mina, are the following : 
 
 James Ottaway, from Head Corn, England, in 1823, on lot 14. His chil- 
 dren were James, William, Charles, Horace, John, Susan, Henry, and 
 Horatio. Horatio, a brother of James, came with him and settled in the 
 neighborhood ; had no family. 
 
 William Relf, from England, sailed from London, March, 1827, and had a 
 passage of six weeks. He settled on lot 21; was a farmer, and also served 
 the people of the town as surveyor. He had 5 sons : William, who returned 
 to England with his wife ; John, who married Theodosia Nichols, and resides 
 at Mina Corners ; George, who married Lucinda Skellie, and died on his 
 father's homestead, on lot 21, where now his son Edward resides; Joseph, 
 who died unmarried ; Isaac, who married Prudence Thompson, and settled 
 at Mina Corners, was a merchant, postmaster, and justice of the peace, and 
 now resides at Titusville, Pa. 
 
 George Relf, brother of William, came from England, (year not given,) and 
 settled on lot 27, a mile south of Mina Corners, where John Barden now 
 resides. 
 
 Edward Chambers, from England, about 1825, came with a family, and 
 settled in Mina, on lot 14, where Deborah, widow of Joseph, his son, now 
 resides. The other sons were : Frederic, in 111. ; William, who married Har- 
 riet Mayborn, and is deceased ; and John, unmarried, deceased. 
 
 Edward Barden, from England, settled on lot 18, in the south-east part of 
 the town, about 1838, where he now resides. He has two sons, Edward H., 
 who married Mary Newell, and resides with his father ; and John, who mar- 
 ried Mary Frits, and resides one mile south of Mina Comers. 
 
 Thomas Coveney came from England, and settled in Mina, in 1840. He 
 died about 1846. His sons, Thomas R,, William, and James, and a daugh- 
 ter, Fanny, survived him. 
 
 [E. Buss and Ora B. Pelton settled in the north-east part of the town. See 
 Supplement.] 
 
 Alexander Findley built the first saw-mill on the outlet of the lake, where 
 the village now is, in 1815 or 1816, and z. grist-mill about a year after. These 
 mills were owned by him until his death. By the construction of the dam, 
 several hundred acres of land were overflowed. This dam was several years 
 afterwards swept away by a June freshet, and on the land which had again 
 become uncovered, a luxuriant growth of herbage sprung up before a new 
 dam was erected ; and the subsequent decomposition of the herbage under 
 
MINA. 457 
 
 the water, caused sickness ; and the proprietor was indicted for nuisance. A 
 protracted litigation ensued, which had not terminated at the time of his 
 death ; and the suit, with the property, was inherited by his sons, Hugh and 
 Carson ; and the mills were abandoned. Carson, a few years after, built a 
 saw-mill J^ m. below, which he continued about 20 years, and sold to Robert 
 A. Corbit, by whom it was continued about 5 years, when it was destroyed 
 by fire. The upper mill property had been sold to Robert Corbit, who built 
 new mills, and no unhealthfulness ensued. These mills passed from Mr. 
 Corbit to his son, Robert A., who sold them to Wm. Selkregg, in 1864. In 
 1871, Selkregg sold a half interest to Philip Speckernagle. In 1872, they 
 built a steam saw-mill for sawing lumber and lath ; and in 1874, the old mill 
 was converted into a shingle manufactory by Speckernagle and Bailey. 
 
 Nathan Morse built a saw-mill, about 1827, below Osbom's tannery. It 
 was owned by Daniel Burt, afterwards by Isaac Relf, and was soon discon- 
 tinued, and never rebuilt. About 1829, Glass, built a saw-mill and a 
 
 grist-mill, near the west line of the town, afterwards owned by Green- 
 man. They were never rebuilt. A saw-mill was built by Nicholas Combs and 
 his son Charles, afterwards the property of Randall T. Holdridge, in the 
 north part of the town. It ceased running 6 or 8 years ago. Edward Davi- 
 son and Greenman built in the north-west part of the town, about the 
 
 year 1866 or '67, a steam saw-mill novr owned by Emerson Chesley & Sons. 
 It has a circular saw, and a saw for lath. Alexander D. Holdridge built a 
 steam saw-mill, which commenced running Jan. i, 1873, in connection with 
 a shingle tnill erected the year previous. The mill has a circular saw, and has 
 the capacity for sawing 6,000 to 10,000 feet of boards per day of ro hours. 
 It has also a machine for sawing lath. 
 
 Alexander Findley, about the year 1827, erected a building for carding and 
 cloth-dressing, which was kept in operation by himself, his sons, and their 
 successors, until about twenty years ago, a little below the saw-mill near the 
 tannery, and operated by the same power as the saw-mill. 
 
 Tht first store at Findley's Lake, was kept by Horace Brockway, in 1824 ; 
 the next, probably, was that of James W. Robertson, about 1826, who is still 
 there in trade. Wm. H. Greenman established a store, and sold out to H. 
 W. Parsons, who sold back to Greenman, who, after an absence of several 
 years, returned to Findley's Lake, and resumed trade in 1873. Present mer- 
 chants are the following : Dry-goods — James W. Robertson, Wm. H. Green- 
 man, Wm. Baker. Hardware — Babcock & Fen ton. Druggists — Ross & 
 Beach, successors to Wilson Brothers. 
 
 The fiKt tavern in the town was kept at Mina Corners, in 1827, by 
 Cullin Barnes. The first at Findley's Lake was kept by Lysias Tucker, 
 about 1853. Robert A. Corbit purchased the property in 1854; enlarged 
 the house, and continued the business about ten years ; and, after several 
 changes, he again obtained the property, and is its present proprietor. 
 
 The first resident /^j'«aa« in the town was at Mina Corners. The first at 
 Findley's Lake is said to have been Dr. Bowen. Later physicians, John W. 
 
458 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 Gray, David and Henry Wilson, and Charles J. Daniels. Present physicians 
 — Wilson Brothers, and C. J. Daniels. 
 
 Horace W. Parsons commenced the cabhiei-makiH^ business in 1872, and 
 still continues the business, at Findley's Lake. 
 
 The first post-office at Findley's Lake was established about the year 
 1823, Horace Brockway, postmaster. It was subsequently discontinued, 
 and in 1854 reestablished ; Robert A. Corbit, postmaster, who has been suc- 
 ceeded by James W. Robertson, James D. Findley, Dr. John W. Gray, and 
 Wm. Baker, present incumbent. 
 
 In 1869, Cloud & Pitts established, at the Lake, a shop for the manufac- 
 ture of butter tubs and shingles. A planing-machine is connected. Ebenezer 
 Skellie bought the establishment in 1871, and is the present proprietor. 
 
 Archibald Nixon was the first fiarness-maker, and has been succeeded by 
 Frank Lewis, Henry Manuel, and George Hubbard. The business is at 
 present carried on by George W. Eddy. 
 
 The first wagon-maker was Jesse B. Willard ; afterward associated with Clark 
 Barnes. Present wagon-makers — Willard & Barnes, and David Parsons. 
 
 A blacksmith shop was early erected at Findley's Lake, by Robert Corbit, 
 and carried on by Charles Irish. Present blacksmiths — Azial Barnes, An- 
 drew Bliss, Chauncey Skellie. 
 
 The first town-meeting in Mina, then comprising the townships No. 2, in 
 ranges 14 and 15 [Mina and Sherman], was held at the school-house near 
 Alexander Findley's, on the last Tuesday of April, 1824. The names of the 
 town officers elected were as follows : 
 
 Supervisor — Nathaniel Throop. Town Clerk — Roger Haskell. Assessors 
 — Aaron Whitney, Zina Rickard, and Otis Skinner. Collector — Isaac Hazen. 
 Overseers of the Poor — Alexander Findley, Orlando Durkee. Commissioners 
 of Highways — Benjamin Hazen, Jeremiah Knowles, Potter Sullivan. Con- 
 stables — Isaac Hazen, Thomas Downey. Commissioners of Schools — Zina 
 Jlickard, Jeremiah Knowles, Alexander Findley. Inspectors of Schools — 
 Daniel Waldo, Jr., Isaac Hazen, Samuel Dickerson. 
 
 The following is a list of the town officers of Mina chosen in 1833, at the 
 first town-meeting after the division of the town by the formation of Sher- 
 man, the year previous : 
 
 Supervisor — Joshua LaDue. Town Clerk — Simeon Park. Assessors — 
 Aaron Whitney, Zina Rickard, Joseph Palmer. Collector — John Francis. 
 Overseers of the Poor — Stephen Yale, Dolphus Babcock. Commissioners of 
 Highways — Aury Delong, Robert Corbit, Wm. Relf Commissioners of 
 Schools — Nahum Darrow, John Bartlett, Joseph Parmer. Inspectors^f Schools 
 — Simeon Park, John Francis, Isaac E. Hawley. Constables — John Francis, 
 C)Tnis Darrow, Aury Delong. Justices — Joshua LaDue, Hirah J. Spalding, 
 Nathan Morse, Daniel S. Richmond. 
 
 Supervisors from 1824 to 1874. 
 
 Nathaniel Throop, 1824 to '27, '29 — 5 years. Robert Haskell, 1828. 
 Otis Skinner, 1830, '31. Elias E. D. Wood, 1822. Joshua LaDue, 1833. 
 
POLAND. 459 
 
 Joseph Palmer, 1834 to '37. Daniel Declovv, 1838, '44, '59. Valorus Lake, 
 1839 to '42. 'jesse B. Moore, 1843. Wm. Putnam, 1845. Gideon Barlow. 
 1846 to '48, '52 — 4 years. Cyrus Underwood, 1849. Luke Grover, 1850, 
 '56, '57. Edward Buss, 185 1, '58, '61, '63. Alexander Eddy, 1853. Ora 
 B. Pelton, 1854. George Ross, 1855. George Relf, i860, '61, '64, '65, '67, 
 '72 — 6 years. Thomas R. Coveny, 1862, '68. Franklin Declow, 1866, '71. 
 Henry Q. Ames, 1869, '70. John E. Ottaway, 1873, '74, 
 
 Churches. 
 
 The Methodist Episcopal Church and Society at Mina Corners was formed 
 in 1858. It was legally constituted at a meeting held on the i8th of May, 
 
 Rev. Orville L. Mead and Isaac presiding. Alexander D. Holdridge, 
 
 Wm. Baker, and Nahum N. Grimes, were elected trustees of the society. 
 Among the first members of the church were : Thomas R. Coveny, Daniel 
 Frits and wife, Alexander D. Holdridge and wife, Wm. Baker, Charity Chase, 
 Lucy Holdridge, Jane Tryon, Lucinda Relf, Betsey Baker, Melissa Hold- 
 ridge, David Declow and wife. Rev. Orville L. Mead is said to have been 
 the first preacher in charge ; his successors, Wm. Deer, C. R. Chapman, J. 
 W. Hill, A. L. Kellogg, R. D. Waltz, J. K. Mendenhall, Joseph Allen, L. E. 
 Beardsley, and A. Bashline, present preacher. 
 
 The Methodist Episcopal Church in West Mina was formed about the 
 same time as that at Mina Corners. Among the first members were : Urial 
 Fenton, Azan Fenton, John Skellie, Alexamder Skellie, Henry F. Moore, 
 James F. Moore, and the wives of all of these. The preachers are presumed 
 to have been about the same as those at the Comers. 
 
 The American Reformed Church [Dutch] was formed December 19, 1856. 
 Among the first members were : Lorenzo Buck, George Hammer, Adam 
 
 Hemelin, John George Barringer, Adam Merket, Ebert, and their 
 
 wives, and Margaret B. Pfifer. Their first pastor was Rev. J. W. Dunewald. 
 Later ministers, G. J. Renskers, Jacob Weber. 
 
 POLAND. 
 
 Poland was taken from EUicott, April 9, 1832, and comprises township 
 2, range 10. Its surface is a hilly upland. The Connewango creek, after 
 making a short circuit in Cattaraugus county, reenters Chautauqfta in the 
 north-east comer of Poland, and crossing it diagonally in a south-westerly 
 direction nearly through the center, leaves the town about 2 miles east of its 
 south-west corner. The Cassadaga creek, from the north-west, enters the 
 town centrally on the west Une, and unites with the Connewango about half 
 a mile north of the south line of the town. The soil is a clay and sandy 
 loam. 
 
460 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 Original Purchases in Township 2, Range lo. 
 
 1808. August, Gideon Gilson, 51. James Culbertson, 58. 
 
 1809. July, Stephen Hadley, 59. December, John Owen, 57. 
 
 1810. January, John Brown, 57. Colt and Marlin, 42. 
 
 1813. October, Nathan Lasall, 37, 45. 
 
 1814. March, Aaron Forbes, 57. May, James Hall, 54. Ebenezer 
 Cheney, 58. Ira Owen, 20. Ethan Owen, 21. July, James Harriott, 34. 
 
 1816. March, Elias Tracy, 49. 
 
 1817. March, Elias Tracy, 41. Nicholas DoUoff, 33. July, Aaron 
 Taylor, 26. 
 
 1823. June, John Strunk, 2d, 47. July, Samuel Foote, Jr., 8. August, 
 Josiah Wheeler, 13. Leman Hitchcock, 14. 
 
 1824. May, Josiah and Miles Wheeler, 21. Oct, Flavel Woodward, 40. 
 
 1826. May, Josiah Walker, 4. David Tucker, 48. June, Elijah Ewer, 
 5. Josiah Wheeler, 21. Jeremiah Hotchkiss, 56. July, Melancthon W. 
 Smith, 55. September, David Nevins, 55, 63. Josiah and Miles Wheeler, 
 20. John Montgomery, 47. November, Joseph Morse and Amasa Ives, 3. 
 December, James Hall and James Frew, 17, 18, 26. 
 
 1827. May, Josiah Wheeler, 21. June, William W. Carpenter, 11. Isaac 
 Stanbro, 62. 
 
 The earliest settltoent in the south-east part of the' cotinty was made in 
 this town by Dr. Thomas R. Kennedy and Edward Work, both of Mead- 
 ville. Pa. The former, however, never became a resident of the county. To 
 clear away the forest and prepare the land for cultivation was not their object, 
 as will soon appear. From a biographical and historic sketch of Mr. Work, 
 by Judge Foote, the following facts concerning their operations in the lumber 
 business are obtained : 
 
 In 1805, Dr. Thomas R. Kennedy, of Meadville, Pa., between whom and 
 Mr. Work there appears to have existed some business relations and an in- 
 timate friendship, and who had married a niece of Joseph EUicott, purchased 
 of the Holland Land Company about 3,000 acres of unsurveyed land, in- 
 cluding what is now called Kennedy, in the town of Poland, and proceeded 
 to erect a double saw-mill at Kennedy, and subsequently in a leanto addition, 
 a grist-mill, with one run of common rock mill-stones. The erection of the 
 saw-mill was the first improvement in the south part of the county, in which 
 no surveys, except township lines, had been made. The. only roads were 
 Indian trails ; and the materials for erecting the mills, and the provisions for 
 the hands, were brought in keel boats or canoes up the Allegany and Conne- 
 wango rivers. The mill frame was raised in three days in October, 1805, by 
 men who went thither in canoes, or by Indian trails, from Warren, Pa., or 
 south of It. A canoe load of provisions, whisky, etc., sent from Meadville, 
 as was supposed, in due time for the hands on that occasion, did not arrive 
 in season ; and being short of provisions, the men were living upon the flesh 
 of a yearling heifer of Edward Shillito, and venison, green com, and potatoes 
 raised at the mills. The canoe, however, arrived in time for the men to cel- 
 ebrate the completion of the raising with whisky. 
 
 Edward Shillito, who subsequently owned land, and resided on the north 
 
POLAND. 461 
 
 side of the mouth of the outlet of Chautauqua lake, and who boarded Ken- 
 nedy's workmen, was the first resident with a family at the mills. Edward 
 Work, at times, visited these mills on horseback, by Indian trails, before roads 
 were made. The boards sawed at these mills the first years, were rafted to 
 Pittsburgh, and there stuck up until partially seasoned ; then put on flat 
 bottomed boats, mostly made at the mills, ^d run to New Orleans. Mr. 
 Work superintended the running of many of these boats, and the sale of the 
 boards. The boatmen returned from New Orleans in vessels to Philadelphia 
 or New York, and thence home on foot or on horseback, as there was then 
 no way of coming up the Mississippi but by rowing a boat, or coming by land 
 on foot or horseback, through Indian country, which was deemed unsafe. 
 Dr. Kennedy was one of the most enterpMsing men in Western Pennsylvania, 
 and died at Meadville, in 1813. [For more of the operations of these men 
 in this business, see Lumber Trade in Ellicott, and Worksburg.\ 
 
 In the south-ivest part of the town, Aaron Forbes settled on lot 57, bought 
 in 18 14, where he resided at the time of his death. Of his sons, Stephen is 
 a merchant in Kennedy; Wesley resides on lot 53 ; Levi, on the old home- 
 stead ; Francis, who owned a part of the old farm, and died there. Ezra 
 Smith settled on lot 57, where he now resides. His mother, who lives with 
 him, attended the "Old Settlers' Reunion," in June, 1874, in Jamestown, at 
 the age of 100. His son William died in Carroll. Irwin, married, resides 
 with his father. A daughter, Emily, was the wife of Samuel HoUiday, and 
 after her death, her sister Matilda was his second wife. Frances, the wife of 
 a Mr. Vandusen, lives in Jamestown ; and Minerva, unmarried, resides with 
 her parents. Luther Lydle, from Otsego Co., settled, about 1830, on lot 59, 
 and died there. His son Lucius resides near the same place. A daughter, 
 Maria, wife of James Wilson, lives on lot 52. Luther lijres on the home- 
 stead, and his mother lives with him ; and William is in the West Elias 
 Tracy settled on lot 49, where he died many years ago. His sons were Wayne, 
 who owns the old farm, and resides in Ellicott ; Elias, who died at Works- 
 burg, where his second wife now resides ; Hatch, who lately resided in EUery ; 
 and*RaIph, who lives in Carroll. Hannah, one of the daughters, is the wife 
 of William H. Fenton, of Dexterville. Joshua Woodward, from Otsego Co., 
 came about 18 16 with his sons, Reuben, Royal, Lewis, Pierce, and Hiram; 
 of whom the last three reside in the town. Reuben, who settled in Ellicott, 
 and Royal, are both deceased. Pierce was 4 years supervisor of Poland. 
 Wellington, son of Reuben, resides in Kiantone, where he was supervisor 
 five years. 
 
 In the west part of the town, Horace Hartson, from Otsego Co., settled 
 oil lot 60, where he lately resided. He lives with his son William, on lot 51. 
 Another son. Chancellor, resides in California. 
 
 In the north-west part of the town, Amos Fuller, after a residence on lot 
 46, removed to lot 63, where his son Arad lives ; and now resides near the 
 residence of his son. His son Danforth is in Illinois ; and two daughters 
 died young. Jeremiah Hotchkiss settled, about 1830, on lot 55, where he 
 
462 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 died about 1869. His son Fordyce, deceased, had a son killed in the late 
 war. Abner resides in town ; Jeremiah, Jr., at Dexterville. Daughters : 
 Maria, widow of Alonzo Sears, lives on the homestead of her father; Charity, 
 wife of a Mr. Gifford, died in Busti. Elihu Gilford settled on lot 55, where 
 he now resides. A daughter married Timothy Luce, and lives in Ellington ; 
 another is the wife of Charles Case ; and another is the wife of Jeremiah 
 Hotchkiss, in Dexterville. David Tucker, from Oneida Co., settled early on 
 lot 48. He married a Miss Montgomery, and had a number of children : 
 William, who settled on lot 46; a daughter, the wife of Orange A. Fargo, on 
 the homestead of her father ; and others, residence not ascertained. Mr. 
 Tucker was for several years supervisor of Poland, and subsequently removed 
 to South Valley, Cattaraugus county. 
 
 In the north part of the town, Eliab Wheelock, from Oneida Co. to Poland, 
 settled on lot 39, where he died. His sons, William, Orrin E., Horace F., 
 Francis H., and a daughter Eliza, the wife of Wm. Camp, all reside in town. 
 Norton B. Bill, a native of New England, came from Genesee Co., about 
 1830, and settled on lot 46, and died there. A daughter, Emily, married 
 Harvey Forbes, and died in Poland. Malvina married Arad Fuller. Ruth 
 married Darius Wyman. Amos was married to Artemesia Smith, and lives 
 on the homestead of his father. Julia, to Emery Woodward ; and Mary, to 
 Miles Tracy. 
 
 In the central part of the town, Charles T. Wolcott, from Madison Co. to 
 Carroll, and thence to Poland, settled on lot 37, and has lately removed to 
 Gerry. His children are : Jane, wife of Henry W. Gage ; Theodore, who 
 married Sarah Briggs ; Otis, married, and lives in Penn.; Willard R., who 
 married Sarah Emery, and resides in Gerry, and owns and runs a cheese 
 factory. Nelson ^E. Cheney came to the county with his father, Ebenezer 
 Cheney, and settled about 1830 on lot 37. He married Hannah Merrill, of 
 Carroll. A son, Emery, is a physician at Randolph. Nelson, educated a 
 physician, is on the farm with his lather. Newell, a twin brother of Nelson, 
 captain of the 9th cavalry, served 3 years in the late war. Addison H. 
 Phillips settled finally on lot 28. His sons Cassius and Henry and* two 
 daughters all reside in town. Mr. Phillips has for several years held the 
 office of justice of the peace. 
 
 In the east part, Amas>a Ives, from Madison Co., settled on lot 3, bought 
 in 1826, and died in town. A daughter married Joseph Morse, who is 
 deceased. Another, who was the wife of Henry N. Hunt, is not living ; he 
 resides in Poland. Obadiah Jenks, from Essex Co., settled on lot 20, and 
 died in town. A son, La Fayette, resides in town. James M. lives in 
 Ellington ; Obadiah, Jr., in Penn. A daughter, the wife of Eli Taylor, 
 resides in town. Joseph Clark, an early settler on lot 20, kept a tavern many 
 years near H. N. Hunt's saw-mill. His sons were Joseph Latimer, David 
 Joel, Egbert R., Adelbert, and Clyne. Joel keeps a hotel at Kennedy. 
 John Miller, about 1831, settled on lot 5, where he still resides. The land 
 is now owned by Harvey Morse. A daughter, Caroline, deceased, was the 
 
POLAND. 463 
 
 wife of Charles L. Stratton. Alzina is the wife of Harvey Morse. Orilla 
 
 married James Crandall, and lives in EUicott. Abby married Correll, 
 
 and lives in Pennsylvania. 
 
 In the south-east part of the town, Elihu Barber settled on lot 3. His 
 son, Guy C, hves on a part of the homestead lot. Horace lives in Conne- 
 wango, Cattaraugus Co., and has several daughters married, who reside in 
 the county — three in Jamestown. Jabez Waite, from Blood's Corners, 
 N. Y., came to Poland in 183 1 or 1832, with his family. His sons were 
 .\nsel B., Walter B., Galusha M., and John B. Galusha M. resides on lot 
 3; Ansel B., on lot 11. Walter and John are both deceased. Of his 
 daughters, one is the wife of A. H. Phillips ; another, of Horace Frederick, 
 of Randolph ; another, of Park. 
 
 The first saw-mill in this town, and the first in the south part of the coun- 
 ty, was that of Thomas R. Kennedy in this town, built in 1805, which has 
 been mentioned. This mill property was sold, by the heirs of Dr. Ken- 
 nedy, to Richard P. Marvin, of Jamestown, and by him to Guy C. Irvine 
 and Robert Falconer, who built the first grist-mill in that place. It was sub- 
 sequently rebuilt by Jones and Stilwell, of Jamestown. It next passed into 
 the hands of Seth W. Chandler, who sold it to Daniel Griswold and Wm. 
 T. Falconer, who rebuilt it in 1866, and sold it, January i, 187 1, to Welling- 
 ton H. Griffith. It was burned within a year, and a new one was erected, 
 on the same site, by Mr. Griffith, its present proprietor. 
 
 Samuel Foote and Holbrook built a saw-mill and a grist-mill at 
 
 Waterboro', in the north-east part of the town. The grist-mill was burned, 
 and the saw-mill never rebuilt. Miller and Harris built a steam saw-mill '\x\ 
 the east part of the town — discontinued. A saw-mill was built on Mud 
 creek by Isaac Young, about 1820, it is supposed, and sold, by him, to 
 Daniel Wheeler, and by him to Henry N. Hunt, and by Hunt to Albert 
 Russell, and is discontinued. Josiah Miles and Daniel Wheeler built a saw- 
 mill near Connewango, which has been rebuilt, and is now owned by Charles 
 Clark. John Merrill built on Mud creek, lot 3, a saw-mill, and sold it to Elihu 
 Barber, about 1831 ; it was rebuilt by his heirs, and is discontinued. Nicho- 
 las DoUoff built a saw-mill on the Connewango, in the south part of the town. 
 A mill has been continued there until the present time. Present proprietor, • 
 Richard P. Marvin. 
 
 There is 5. plani7ig-mill dX Kennedy in the saw-mill of Falconer & Nichols, 
 who also have a stave-factory. A shingle machine was built on Mud creek by 
 Alonzo Adams, now owned by A. B. Waite. 
 
 The first town-meeting was held on Tuesday, March 5, 1833. The follow- 
 ing are the names of the officers elected : 
 
 Supervisor — Nathaniel Fenton. Town CVirr^— Nelson Rowe. Justices — 
 Emory F. Warren, Henry McConnell, Samuel Hitchcock, Melancthon W. 
 Smith. Assessors — Melancthon W. Smith, Elmore G. Terry, Samuel Hitch- 
 cock. Overseers of Poor — David Tucker, Cyrus Coe. Com'rs of Highways 
 — Abner Barlow, Isaac Stanbro, Amasa Ives. Collector — Seth M. Avery. 
 
464 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 Com'rs of Schools — Henry McConnell, Norton B. Bill, Linus Mott. Inspec- 
 tors of Schools — Elmore G. Terry, Nelson Rowe, Emory F. Warren. Con- 
 stables — Seth M. Avery, John Andrews, Elias Tracy, Jr., Joshua E. PhiUips, 
 John I. Simpson. 
 
 Supervisors from 18 jj to i8y^. 
 
 Nathaniel Fenton, 1833. Sumner Allen, 1834 to 1842, and '46, '64 — 11 
 years. Woodley W. Chandler, 1843, '44. Henry N. Hunt, 1845, '54, '55. 
 David Tucker, 1847, '48. Pierce Woodward, 1849, '50, '57, '58. Eliakim 
 Crosby, 1851, '52. Melancthon W. Smith, 1853. Galusha M. Wait, 1856. 
 Wm. T. Falconer, 1859 to '63. Daniel Griswold, 1865 to '68. Harvey S. 
 Elkins, 1869 to '72. Josiah H. Monroe, 1873, '74. Amos Bill, 1875. 
 
 Dr. Samuel Foote, brother of Judge E. T. Foote, is said to have been the 
 first physician in Poland ; and Dr. Nelson Rowe to have come next. Dr. 
 Wm. Smith came about 1840, and died at Kennedy. His son, Sumner A., 
 was a druggist and postmaster at Kennedy, and served three years in the late 
 war. His son Henry died in the late war. Three other sons reside in the 
 town. Present physicians — Drs. James H. Monroe, Ingraham, J. W. Button, 
 and Early. 
 
 Biographical and Genealogical. 
 
 Henry Abbot settled at Kennedy about 1850, and kept a temperance 
 hotel. He had several sons: Alexander F., in Cahfornia ; Liberty C, who 
 was a lieut. of cavalry in the late war ; he is now at Holly Springs, Miss. ; 
 has been superintendent of pubhc instruction in Marshall county, and is at 
 present chancellor of the 9th judicial district; Francis M., lately a state 
 senator in Miss. ; Rollin and Eugene, in Penn. A daughter, Emeline, 
 married Abner Darling, of Busti, now in Kalamazoo, Mich. Another, 
 Charlotte, is the wife of Myron Waters, Warren, Penn. 
 
 Sumner Allen, son of Phineas Allen, and brother of Gen. Horace Allen, 
 was born in Otsego Co., Feb. 3, 1804, and came to Poland in 1818, and 
 was married, in 1827, to Fluvia, daughter of Col. Nathaniel Fenton, and 
 settled on lot 58, where he still resides. He held for several years the office 
 of supervisor of Poland, and several other town offices. He had by his 
 first wife 4 children : Sumner D., married, and resides in Kansas ; Sarah 
 Jane, wife of Flint Blanchard, of EUicott ; Jason F., who died in^ Illinois ; 
 Delia, wife of Thomas A. Shaw, of Jamestown. Mr. A. married, second, 
 Mrs. Harriet Evans, who had by him 2 sons, both dead. 
 
 Eliakim Crosby, a native of Oneida Co., removed, in 1829, from Alle- 
 gany Co. to Chautauqua, and settled on lot 37, in this town. He there kept 
 a public house ; was postmaster ten years ; town clerk, about the same num- 
 ber of years ; and a justice of the peace, sixteen years. He was supervisor 
 in 1851 and 1852, and held at different times nearly every town office. He 
 was married, first, to Lucy Ann Baxter, and had 5 children : Louisa, wife of 
 John N. Early, Allegany Co.; Henry, who married Ann Eliza Taylor; 
 Alonzo, who married Mary Jane Hitchcock ; Cornelia, wife of Charles B. 
 Albert, merchant of Jamestown ; and Erastus, who married Mrs. Mary 
 
POLAND. 465 
 
 Davis, and is principal of the Union School in Tideoute, Pa. After the 
 death of his wife, he married, second, Angeline Emery, by whom he had 6 
 children : Walter S., who married Mary Kingsbury, and resides in Minnesota; 
 Ellen A., wife of Wellington W. Seymour; Freeman H., an ensign in the 
 U. S. navy, educated at Annapolis ; Kate L. ; Anna M. ; and Mabel F. 
 
 Abial Elkins, a native of Peacham, Vt., came from Canada to Ellicott, 
 and removed thence to Kennedy, where he worked many years on the mills. 
 He was also for many years a justice bf the peace. He resided here until 
 about 1844, when he went on business to Pittsburgh, and has never since 
 been heard from. He is supposed to have been murdered. His wife died 
 at Kennedy, in 1868 (?) They had 11 children, of whom 6 were twins. 
 Edward, a twin brother, resides in town ; the other, Edwin, in Wisconsin, 
 served during the late war. William A., another brother, also served in the 
 war, and died of disease while in the service. Harvey S., a brother of the 
 above mentioned, resides in the town ; was supervisor four years. The 
 daughters living, are Maria, wife of Seth Haight, and resides in town ; 
 Ruby A., wife of Eli Shultz, and resides in Mitchell Co., Iowa. 
 
 Col. Nathaniel Fenton, from Otsego Co., about 1823, settled on lot 
 58. He was born in New England, in 1763, niirried to Rachel Fletcher, 
 and had 5 children :, i. Orrilia, wife of Wm. Smith, an early settler of 
 EUery; both deceased. 2. Fanny, wife of Gen. Horace Allen. 3. Elsie, 
 wife of Cyrus Coe, of Ellicott ; both deceased. 4. Richard F., who married 
 Sally Ann Tew, of Otsego Co. ; and after her death, a second wife. 5. Flu- 
 vanna, who married Sumner Allen, of Poland, and is deceased. 
 
 Daniel Griswold was born in Cambridge, N. Y., Sept. 28, 1788. He 
 served an apprenticeship at the clothier's trade [cloth-dressing] in Benning- 
 ton, Vt, where he was married. May 25, 181 5, to Mary Hills, who was born 
 Nov. 25, 1795. He removed, about 1817, to Genesee Co.; and about the 
 year 1831 to Chautauqua, and settled in Poland, lot 24, on the Ellington 
 town line, where he died in Feb., 1853. Mrs. G. died Sept. 24, 1844. They 
 had 6 children : Mary L., who married Morris Lewis, and resides at Milwau- 
 kee, Wis. Hiram H., who died at 2 2. Sarah, wife of John C. Davis, Davis- 
 burg, Mich. Fanny, wife of Harvey Forbes, and lives in Missouri. Alvira, 
 who married, first, William Isham, and after his death, Jefferson CofFeen. 
 Daniel, who succeeded to the homestead. He married Martha, daughter of 
 John Townsend, of Carroll, Nov. 18, 1868. He removed in 1871 to Sala- 
 manca ; thence in 1873 to Jamestown, where he now resides. While a resi- 
 dent of Poland, Mr. G. represented his town four years [1865 to 1868] in 
 the board of supervisors. He had two children, Grace and Hugh, who died 
 in infancy, and Daniel Townsend, living. 
 
 Samuel Hitchcock, from Otsego Co., in 18 17, settled on lot 51, and 
 died at Cincinnati in 1833. His children were John C, deceased ; Adelia, 
 widow of John Townsend, of Carroll; Harmony, wife, first of John Cameron; 
 whose son, Winfield S., served during the late war, and accompanied Gen. 
 Sherman on his long march ; and John E., another son, also in the war, who 
 3° 
 
466 HISTORV OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 was killed at Spottsylvania Court House. Harmony, after the death of Mr. 
 Cameron, was the wife of Royal Mead, and died in 1864, aged 52. William, 
 second son of Samuel Hitchcock, died at 8 ; Barlin, at 23. Abigail is the 
 'wife of Joseph W. Clark; Eunice, the wife of^Simeon Covey, in Illinois; 
 Asenath, wife of Levi Covey, in Minnesota ; Amelia, who married Jacob C. 
 Brown, of Ellington ; and William L., who died at 3. 
 
 Churches. 
 
 The First Baptist Church of Kennedy was organized with twenty-two mem- 
 bers, January 30, 1836. Their house of worship was erected in 1868. The 
 first pastor was Rev. B. Braman; the present one [1873] is Rev. H. A. 
 Conrad. 
 
 Poland Free Church, at Kennedy, was organized about the year 1857 ; and 
 the church edifice was erected the same year. 
 
 Levant Wesleyan [Methodist] Church, in the west part of the town, was 
 organized [date not obtained] by Rev. Emory Jones, the first pastor. The 
 meeting-house was erected in 1872. Ministers in 1873 were Daniel Ball and 
 Emory Jones. 
 
 t 
 
 POMFRET. 
 
 The town of Pomfiret was formed from Chautauqua, March 11, i8o8. It 
 comprised the loth and nth ranges of townships with the present towns of 
 Pomfret and Dunkirk in the 12th range. This was the first division of the 
 county after its organization. The north part of the town is comparatively 
 level ; the south part is a rolling upland, the higher being 700 or 800 feet 
 above the north border. It is drained chiefly by the Canadaway creek, which 
 enters the town from the east, nearly 3 miles from its south-east comer, and 
 passes through the town northerly and north-westerly to Lake Erie, about 2 
 miles above Dunkirk. The Little Canadaway runs through the western part 
 of the town, in a north-westerly direction, entering Lake Erie in the north- 
 eastern comer of Portland. From 1830, Pomfret comprised townships 5 
 and 6 in the 12th range, until 1859, when Dunkirk was formed, leaving two 
 tiers of lots from township 6 attached to Pomfret. The village of Fredonia 
 was principally in township 6, and extended north into the second tier of lots. 
 Hence, in order to keep the entire village within the town of Pomfret, the 
 existing unequal division of territory was imavoidable. Pomfret has an area 
 of 28,899 acres, and Dunkirk only 6,632. The latter, however, has the 
 larger population ; the increase of which will long continue to increase the 
 present inequality. 
 
 Original Purchases in Township /, Range 12. 
 
 1805. March, Eliphalet Bumham, 6. Zattu Cushing, 16. Samuel 
 Davis, 1 6. Samuel Perry, 8. April, Augustus Bumham, 7. 
 
POMFRET. 467 
 
 1806. June, Philo Orton, 48. August, Philo Orton, 40. September, 
 Elijah Risley, 32, 33. 
 
 1807. June, Benj. and Isaac Barnes, 40. 
 
 1808. April, Samuel Berry, 24. October, Thomas Bull, 17. 
 
 1809. January, Thomas Bull, 18. April, Thomas Warren, 55. June, 
 Philo Orton, 39. August, Augustus Bumham, i. Sept., Jas. Morgan, 31. 
 Jeremiah Rood, 31. Joseph Coates, 3. Nov., Gushing and Holmes, 63. 
 
 i8ro. January, Daniel Barnes and Oliver Woodcock, 47. Philo Orton, 
 Simeon Fox, 47. September, Philo Orton, 56. 
 
 181 1. March, Stephen Porter, 41. Ammi Williams, 49. Israel Lewis, 
 13. April, Wm. Hinds, 62. August, Joseph Webster, 61. November, 
 Zattu Gushing, 25. 
 
 181 2. December, Stephen Barrett, 3. 
 
 1 81 3. February, Amos Sage, 54. May, Philo Orton, 64. December, 
 Erastus H. Glarke, 64. 
 
 18 14. June, Richard Kelly, 42. November, James Hale, 42. 
 
 1815. January, Elisha Webster, 41. September, Benj. Barrett, 16. 
 
 1816. June, Abiram Orton, 5. July, Zattu Gushing, 62. October, 
 Benjamin Perry, 5. 
 
 1817. February, Thomas Bull, 15, 6. March, Thomas Glark, 13. 
 April, Eli Webster, 34. May, James Norton, 61, 64. Jonathan Sprague, 
 49. Ira Seeley, 34. Joseph Munger, 34. June, Standish Rood, 38. 
 August, Luther Harmon, 53. October, Jonas Litch, 53. Matthew W. 
 Cassity, 54. November, Rensselaer Grosby, 52. Jonathan Sprague, 57. 
 
 1818. January, Benj. White, 60. July, Seth Risley, 28. August, Allen 
 Bills, 28. September, Robert Gardner, 52. October, Leverett Todd, 45. 
 Reuben Bartholomew, 45. 
 
 1819. April, Asa Rood, 37. July, Parley Munger, 42. September, 
 John Hilton, 38. November, Edmund W. Barlow, 37. 
 
 1 82 1. October, Benjamin Perry, 13. Robert Mellen, 44. 
 
 1822. May, Timothy Turk, 43. Sept., Horace and Wm. Risley, 27. 
 
 1824. February, Thomas A. Osborne, 29. July, Ezekiel Johnson, 21. 
 October, Isaac Bussing, 35. 
 
 1825. December, Joel H. Johnson, 5. 
 
 1826. October, Marcus Miller, 35. 
 
 1827. February, Lemuel & Rowland Porter, sr. March, Galvin Hut- 
 chinson, 57. May, Jacob Turk, 43. July, Samuel Barlow, 54. 
 
 1828. March, Watts Wilson, 37. 
 
 1829. January, Porter S. Benjamin, 46. June, Orris Grosby, 43, 44. 
 1831. January, Leverett Todd, 45. 
 
 Original Purchases in Township 6, now in Pomfret. 
 
 1803. December, Thomas McGlintock, 8, 14, 20. 
 
 1804. August, Low Miniger, 26. Oct., Zattu Gushing, 28, 29, 33. 
 1 8 10. May, Benjamin Barnes, Jr., 15. 
 
 1814. March, James Mark, 25. 
 
 1815. May, Justus Adams, 38. 
 
 18 1 6. December, Sylvanus Marsh, 38. 
 
 182 1. December, Wm. Gates, 35. George D. Gates, 35. 
 
 1822. June, Pierson Grosby, 26. August, Thomas A. Osborne, 35. 
 October, David Elliott, 30. Nathan Hempsted, 37. Alva Elliott, 34. 
 Anson & Galvin Hutchinson, 34. 
 
468 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 1823. September, Nathaniel Crosby, 31. 
 
 1824. October, Pierson Crosby, 26. 
 
 1825. August, Isaac A. Lovejoy and others, 30. Zattu Cashing and 
 others, 30. Stephen Wilson and others, 30. 
 
 The first contract on record for land in Pomfret, was that of Thomas Mc- 
 Clintock. He located the land on which most of the village of Fredonia 
 stands, Dec, 1803. The first three settlers there were McClintock, David 
 Eason, and Low Miniger, a narrative of whose removal and settlement has 
 been given elsewhere. [See Early Settlement of the County, p. 75.] In 
 March, 1805, Eliphalet Bumham bought on lot 6, tp. 5 ; Zattu Cushing and 
 Samuel Davis, lot 16; Samuel Perry, lot 8; and in April, Augustus Bumham, 
 lot 7 — all in tp. 5. In 1806 and 1807, the three earliest settlers, McClintock, 
 Eason, and Miniger, sold out their lands to Hezekiah Barker, Zattu Cushing, 
 and others, and removed to Westfield. Zattu Cushing came to Fredonia in 
 February, 1805, bringing his family and goods with two ox-teams and sleds. 
 He then had five children : Walter, Milton, Zattu, Lydia, afterwards the 
 second wife of Dr. White, and Lucinda, afterwards the wife of Wm. Barker. 
 They were three weeks in performing the journey. At Buffalo they started 
 upon the ice, designing to go on the shore before dark ; but night and a 
 tempest came unexpectedly upon them. They feared to proceed, as there 
 were points at which the water was not covered by the ice. They put the 
 oxen upon the side to break off the winds, and covered themselves up on the 
 sleds to pass the night. Having a dinner-horn, Mr. Cushing blew it at in- 
 tervals, thinking it might be heard by some settler. About one o'clock, two 
 men who heard the horn, came with lanterns, and piloted them ashore near 
 Eighteen Mile creek. Before daylight the ice was so broken up as to have 
 rendered escape impossible. He brought with him four cows ; and among 
 his goods were a barrel of salt and a large quantity of apple seeds. Two 
 men came with him to assist him in chopping. 
 
 On his arrival here, he found that the land which he had had in view, had 
 been taken up by Thomas McClintock. He found near the present residence 
 of David J. Matteson, an unfinished log house, which had neither floor, door, 
 nor chinking between the logs. For a floor he covered the ground with 
 hemlock boughs, and remained there until he got an article of the farm now 
 owned by Samuel Marsh, and built a log house. The only food he could 
 procure for his cattle was browse. The only other families within the present 
 limits of Pomfiret and Dunkirk, were those of Thomas McClintock and David 
 Eason. Later in the same year, Benjamin Barrett, Samuel Geer, and Benj. 
 Barnes settled in the vicinity. Seth Cole, who, with his family, accompanied 
 Mr. Cushing on his journey 'from the east, settled near the mouth of Canada- 
 way creek. Judge Cushing had cleared about 50 acres upon his farm prior 
 to the fall of 1807. He then sold out to Mr. Marsh, father of the present 
 occupant, and bought out McClintock's improvement ; and thus secured the 
 place he had selected for a home in his solitary journey through the wilder- 
 ness, years before. 
 
POMFRET. 469 
 
 In 1806 and 1807, the settlement in the vicinity of Fredonia, then called 
 Canadaway, received a considerable accession to its inhabitants. Hezekiah 
 Barker, a native of Rhode Island, settled within the limits of the present cor- 
 poration, in the fall of 1806. The beautiful common, in the center of the 
 village, was a donation from him to the corporation. In 1807, Richard Wil- 
 liams, from Madison Co., came, and joined Hezekiah Barker in building a 
 grist-mill. There were then but few, families here ; among them, besides 
 Aose mentioned, were Benj. Barrett, Seth Cole [near the lake,] Samuel Geer, 
 and Hezekiah Turner. About fifty more came that year. Mr. Williams and 
 Mr. Barker commenced building a grist-mill, and went to Pennsylvania, 80 
 miles, with an ox-team, after the mill-stones, and to Batavia after the mill- 
 irons, making the trip in 2 1 days. In November, 1808 or 1809, when the mill 
 was nearly completed, and many were expecting to get their wheat and corn 
 ground in a few days, the mill-dam was swept away by a freshet. The pros- 
 pect now was, that they must continue to get grinding done at Black Rock 
 or Erie, or pound their grain in a stump mortar, which was a cavity burned 
 in the top of a stump or in the end of a large block. But they volunteered 
 to assist in rebuilding the dam, and the mill was soon in operation. 
 
 Mr. Williams lived the first summer and autumn in a log house about 1 2 
 feet square, with a family of 1 5 or upwards, while the mill was building ; and 
 as the mill was about 2 miles from the house, Mrs. Williams usually carried 
 the workmen's dinners to them on horseback. To assist some of their rela- ^ 
 tives in their removal from Madison county, Mrs. Williams started in Decem- 
 ber on horseback, with a child a little more than a year old, and returned in 
 a sleigh with the families of Col. Bartoo and Samuel Berry. Mrs. Berry was 
 a sister of Mrs. Williams. There were two families at Cattaraugus creek ; 
 and John E. Howard kept a tavern at Silver Creek. There was not a vessel 
 on Lake Erie, except one on the Canada side ; and salt and groceries for the 
 settlers were brought from Buffalo in scows. Mr. Williams was a member of 
 the Baptist church from the time of its organization in 1808. He removed 
 in 1 8 15, to Portland. [See biographical sketch in history of Portland, where 
 additional exploits of Mrs. Williams are recorded.] 
 
 In 1809 came Leverett Barker, who established the first tannery in the 
 county; and Dr. Squire White, both of whom became distinguished citizens, 
 and are elsewhere noticed. 
 
 The early settlement of the town of Pomfret was chiefly on and north of 
 the north line of township 5, range 12. The greater part of the village of 
 Fredonia is north of that line, in township 6. Pomfret embraced both town- 
 ships 5 and 6, until the formation of the town of Dunkirk, in 1859. In 
 forming this town, the two south tiers of lots in township 6 were left in Pom- 
 fret ; the latter thus retaining an area of 28,899 acres, and the former con- 
 taining only 6,632 acres. The reasons for so unequal a division of territory 
 probably are — First, because most of the village of Fredonia was in township 
 No. 6, extending north into the 2d tier of lots. Secondly, the greater pros- 
 pective increase of the population of Dunkirk would soon make it equal in 
 
470 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 numbers to the old town. The numbers of the lots of township 6, lying in 
 Pomfret, are the following: ist tier, i, 8, 14, 25, 30, 34, 37. 2d tier, 2, 9, 
 15, 21, 26,31, 35, 38. 
 
 The first town-meeting in Pomfret, for the election of town officers, was 
 held at Elisha Mann's, in r8o8, pursuant to the act of the legislature. The 
 meeting was opened by prayer by the Rev. John Spencer. Ozias Hart was 
 chosen moderator. The names of the officers elected are the following : 
 
 Supervisor — Philo Orton. Town Clerk — John S. Bellows. Assessors — 
 Richard Williams, Justin Hinman, John E. Howard. Com'rs of Highways 
 — Samuel Berry, Abiram Orton, John Mack. Overseers of Poor — Zattu 
 Gushing, Orsamus Holmes. Constable and Collector — George W. Pierce. 
 
 Voted, that the next meeting be held at Wm. Gould's. 
 
 1809. Meeting at William Gould's bam. The following officers were 
 elected : 
 
 Supervisor — Philo Orton. Town Clerk — John S. Bellows. Assessors — 
 
 Orsamus Holmes, John E. Howard, Barnes. Overseers of Poor — Zattu 
 
 Gushing, Orsamus Holmes. [Other officers not ascertained.] Next meeting 
 to be held at Wm. Gould's barn. 
 
 At a special town-meeting Dec. 10, 181 1, it w^s voted, that townships i 
 and 2, in ranges 10 and 11, be set oflf for a new town ; and that tps. 3 and 4 
 of ranges 10 and 11, be set off for another new town. This was accordingly 
 ^ done by the next legislature, at a second session, in June, 181 2. The first 
 above described town was Ellicott ; the other Gerry. At the same session, 
 Hanover was formed, including the present town of Villenova. 
 
 Supervisors from 1808 to 187^. 
 
 Philo Orton, 1808 to 1818. Leverett Barker, 1819 to '22, '29, '45, '46 — 
 7 years. Abiram Orton, 1823 to '25. Benj. Douglas, 1826 to '28. Geo. A. 
 French, 1830 to '33. Orrin McClure, 1834. Elijah Risley, Jr., 1835. Eli- 
 sha Norton, r836, 1840 to '44, '56, '59, '60 — () years. Pearson Crosby, r837. 
 Squire White, 1838, '39. Daniel W. Douglas, 1847. Rosell Greene, 1848, 
 '49. Wm. Risley, 1850. Alva H. Walker, 185 1 to '53. Hiram F. Smith, 
 1854. Abner W. Camp, 1855. Edmund Day, 1857, '58. Orson Stiles, 
 1861, '62, '65. Henry B. Benjamin, 1863, '64. Horace White, 1866. 
 George D. Hinckley, 1867, '68. John P. Hall, 1869. Franklin Burritt, 
 1870 to '72, '74. Harmanus C. Clark, 1873. 
 
 A sketch of the early settlement of Fredonia and vicinity, written by Wm. 
 Risley, Esq., was presented to the " Old Settlers' Reunion," at Fredonia, in 
 1873. It was read with interest at the time of its publication; and being 
 deemed worthy of preservation, it is transferred to this history : 
 
 " Elijah Risley, Sr., removed from Cazenovia to Canadaway, in March, 
 1807. He stopped at Buffalo, in a log tavern. He came on the ice to Cat- 
 taraugus creek ; the rest of the way by the usually traveled road. He stop- 
 ped a week with Hezekiah Barker, in a log house, a little above Colburn's 
 mill. During this week, an Indian came in, badly wounded by a bear that 
 he had shot, a little way up the creek. Supposing the bear nearly dead, the 
 
POMFRET. 471 
 
 Indian went to finish his work with his tomahawk ; but he was roughly han- 
 dled by the bear, and barely escaped to crawl to the only place for help. 
 Mr. Barker and Elijah Risley, Jr., started after the bear, and found him with 
 the Indian's gun and other weapons beside him. Brain was soon killed and 
 brought in. Nearly 1 5 years afterward, I saw the old Indian, badly disfigured, 
 still bearing the marks of his battle with the bear. 
 
 " The flats on the Canadaway creek were timbered with black-walnut, but- 
 ternut, basswood, elm and ash, and in summer were covered with a luxuriant 
 growth of wild onions and leeks. Near the creek might, here and there, be 
 seen a cabin about 6 feet square, covered with bark, whither the Indians re- 
 sorted during the hunting season. The upland, called the ridge, was timbered 
 with oak, chestnut, white-wood, cucumber, and hickory, with small trees of 
 wormwood, and sassafras ; some of the latter being 6 inches through. These 
 have been so completely killed out, that not a sprout is to be seen. 
 
 "The first road crossed the creek near Colbum's mill, the creek being 
 there easily forded. This road led across to what is called Webster street, 
 and to the south road through' Portland. In 1809, this road was laid out 
 where it remained, through the village. Elijah Risley, Sr., built the first 
 bridge across Canadaway creek. T\\e. first school was taught by Samuel Berry 
 in a log school-house near Main street, on the comer opposite Howard's 
 bookstore. The first post-office was in the dwelling of Samuel Bellows, the 
 postmaster, opposite Lester Stone's house. The mails were brought once in 
 two weeks by a man on foot. The gas on the creek was discovered by the 
 burning of drift wood lying over the water. Stones were laid in the creek to 
 the top of the water, and dry sticks laid on; and, when burning, the gas 
 would flash as the bubbles rose. This was called, ' burning the creek.' 
 
 " Pomfret was formed in 1808. Philo Orton was the first supervisor ; 
 Samuel Berry the first town clerk, and also the first justice. At this time, 
 Hezekiah Barker had built his log tavern where the Taylor House now is ; 
 also the first saw-mill above the bridge on Main street. In 18 lo, Mr. 
 Barker built the first grist-mill below the bridge. [Mr. Risley, though gen- 
 erally unusually accurate, probably dates the building of the grist-mill a 
 year or two too late.] A singular occurrence happened. A mill-stone being 
 broken, one half was thrown across the bridge into the saw-mill. Richard 
 Williams built a log house for a tavern near where the Pemberton House 
 stands. 
 
 " Tht first grocery was opened by Elijah Risley, Jr., in a small room on the 
 side hill opposite Mrs. Beart's dwelling. Thomas Kapple established the 
 first shoe-shop adjoining, and the first tannery on the opposite side of the 
 road. About this time the mails were carried once a week on horseback 
 from Buffalo to Erie. Richard Williams had the contract. When others 
 failed from sickness or other causes, Mrs. Williams would carry the mail to 
 Buffalo, and swim her horse through Cattaraugus creek. 
 
 " Dr. Allen was the first physician ; Asa French the first blacksmith, his 
 shop on the comer of Chestnut and Main streets. Asa Seymour was the 
 first tailor, his shop on Seymour street. John Swain had \\\t. first meat market, 
 opposite the Pemberton House. 
 
 " In 1809 or '10, commissioners were appointed to locate the county seat. 
 There was about half an acre cleared on the east end of the common, (west 
 side of the creek,) and to the great displeasure of the people here, the com- 
 missioners did not even stop to look at the place that had been prepared 
 with so much labor, but went on directly to Mayville, and located it there. 
 
4/2 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 It was supposed they were influenced by the Hollafid Land Company, and 
 selected a place where the land could not otherwise be sold. 
 
 "July 4, 1812, a shocking accident occurred at the village celebration of 
 Independence. A cannon which had been overcharged and fired a number 
 of times, was finally nearly filled with pounded weeds and stone. It was 
 proposed to fire it off by a slow match ; but a foolhardy man, named Gilmore, 
 stepped up with a lighted match, exclaiming : ' God Almighty can't split it !' 
 In an instant his head was nearly severed from his body by a fragment of the 
 shattered cannon. 
 
 " Immediately after the war, Jesse Handy came from Canada, and built 
 the house and kept the tavern where John Crocker now is. He also had a 
 store in a part of the building where Elias Johnson now resides. David 
 Dixon afterwards sold goods in the same place. In 1815, Hale and Risley 
 built the store, or a part of it, now occupied by L. B. Grant, and brought on 
 a stock of goods. Moseley W. and Thomas G. Abell bought of Baiker the 
 tavern stand and about 60 acres adjoining, and built the house that was 
 moved off to give place for the brick structure now occupied by the Taylor 
 brothers. The Abells were very successful in the tavern, and were largely 
 interested in the line of stages between Buffalo and Erie. M. W. Abell was 
 postmaster a number of years. 
 
 "In 1816, Joseph and Ralph Plumb brought on a stock of goods, which 
 were the first goods landed at Dunkirk, (called Chadwick's Bay.) Wooden 
 horses were placed in the water, and planks laid on them to the vessel. 
 Their store was in a building built by Fellows and Woleben where the Wole- 
 ben block stands. The first paper printed in this village was worked off in 
 an upper room of that building, by Carpenter and Hull, and called Chautau- 
 qua Gazette. Joseph Plumb built the house so long the residence of the late 
 John Crane. At this time the creek was about the middle of the village ; 
 and the inhabitants on the west side expected the village to grow up on that 
 side, as about every interest had started there. But in this they were dis- 
 appointed. 
 
 "In 181 1, t\ie first ashery was built by Elijah Risley, Jr., a short distance 
 west of the bridge, a little north of the road. James Mack, an old and 
 respectable resident of this village, came near losing his life, by falling into 
 a kettle of boiling liquid. On or near this spot have been built a tannery, 
 two asheries, one brewery, three distilleries, one furnace ; only one of them 
 being in existence at the same time, and all built by different individuals. 
 
 " The first and only articles sent to market, for a number of years after the 
 first settlement, were pot and pearl ashes, which were provisions of Nature 
 to furnish means while the land was being prepared for cultivation. Mon- 
 treal was the market until the Erie canal was opened. Of course, every 
 settlement had its ashery. Ashes were carefully saved on every farm, and 
 made into crude black salts, for which only a potash kettle and a few leaches 
 were needed. The next article furnished for market was stock — a trade that 
 made this county famous for fine steers. Besides these, what was produced 
 before the opening of the canal, was needed in the newly settled parts of the 
 county, and in the lumber regions in the northern portions of the county, 
 and in Pennsylvania. 
 
 " The first com after it was hard enough to cut off by rubbing the ear over 
 a long plane or jointer made hominy. When sufficiently dry, it was pounded 
 in a large wooden mortar, and the finest sifted out to make bread. The first 
 wheat raised was taken in a small boat by a person that only such circum- 
 
POMFRET. 473 
 
 Stances produce, to Presque Isle [Erie] to be ground, that being the nearest 
 mill. The trip would require three or four days. Enough was produced, 
 after a time, to spare a little to new-comers, who had usually the means of 
 purchasing supplies for a part of the first year. This was about the only 
 money which settlers had for procuring anything for their families not raised 
 by themselves. It was this state of things that induced many, after strug- 
 gling for years to improve a farm, to sell out without getting half the value of 
 their improvements, and go on to a new piece of land. It is believed there 
 were in Pomfret but two persons who took up land during the first fifteen 
 years, whose heirs now own or occupy any portion of the land — Philo Orton 
 and Daniel Gould. In Dunkirk there was but one such person, it is believed 
 — Richard Douglass. 
 
 " Squire White and Leverett Barker bought land in the village of Heze- 
 kiah Barker, and each married one of his daughters. 
 
 " A wonderful change has been wrought in a little more than 60 years. 
 The words ' Ohio,' in large letters, on the covers of wagons, conveyed the 
 idea of the extreme West. But now and then a straggling adventurer dared 
 penetrate the then hidden West, before Chicago, Cincinnati, and other western 
 cities were known — when all business on the lakes was done in open boats. 
 
 "A tea-party assembled in the fall of 1807. Among the guests were Miss 
 Luclnda Cushing, afterwards Mrs. Wm. Barker, and Miss Desire Barker, 
 afterwards Mrs. Leverett Barker. All possible preparations were made. 
 Some cake, prepared from corn pounded in a mortar, was hung up on a pole 
 overhead to rise. It was near the fire-place, or rather the place for the fire, 
 as there was no chimney. The heat was more intense than was supposed. 
 After the usual chit-chat, the cake was taken down to prepare the repast, 
 and lo, it had soured, and could not be used ! A council was held, and it 
 was decided to make a plain cake from similar material, which was baked on 
 a board before the fire. They had crab-apple sauce, which did not get sour; 
 and all passed off agreeably. 
 
 "The first house in the village was built by David Eason, on the bank of 
 the creek, near the residence of the late Gen. Elijah Risley. It was built of 
 logs, and the floor was of split logs smoothed with an axe. The doors were 
 made in the same way, and fastened together with pins, not a nail being used. 
 
 "In the spring of 1807, my father built a log house, constructed in the 
 same manner, near the present site of the Berry house, on what is now Berry 
 street. To save hewing the timber for floors, some smooth stones were pro- 
 cured from the creek, so large that two stones formed the floor for the end 
 of the house. There was no chimney, and the aperture for the escape of 
 the smoke was made through the roof over these stones. When the fire was 
 built on them, they began to crack and to fly in all directions, so that it was 
 unsafe to remain in the house. Stick chimneys, plastered with clay to pro- 
 tect them from fire, were a subsequent improvement." 
 
 The following are names of early settlers in township 5, range 12, though 
 not all of them original purchasers : 
 
 In the north-east part of the town, Joel Harrington settled on lot 8, the 
 land now owned by Wm. Moore. Jonathan Hempsted, on lot 24; died from 
 the kick of a horse ; land sold by his heirs to Lewis Howard and brothers, 
 present owners. Thomas Kepple is said to have settled on lot 23 ;. T. 
 Kepple, probably the same man, appears on the map of 1854, on lot i, tp. 6. 
 
 In the east part of the township, Luther Frank settled on lot 12, a son of 
 
474 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 whom resides in Fredonia. Ezekiel Johnson, on lot 21; was a miller for 
 Risley ; a son is, or was recently, editor of a paper in Ohio. Ephraim Wil- 
 son, Sr., settled on lot 20 ; a son resides in the village. Harvey Durkee, on 
 lot 13; his descendants reside in Fredonia. Orrin Ford, on lot 4; whose 
 wife was a daughter of Benj. Sprague; he was a justice of the peace. Joseph 
 Rood, on lot 22; land now owned by George C. Rood. 
 
 In the south-east part of the township, Abel Beebe settled on lot i ; a son, 
 Delos, is in Fredonia; another at Cassadaga. Otis Goulding, Sr., on lot 2 ; 
 farm now occupied by his son. 
 
 In the south part, Vamum N. Bacheller settled on lot 25, where he still 
 resides. Levi Risley bought lot 26, since owned by Orland Brigham. In 
 1817, Eli Webster bought on lot 34 ; at or near where A. Bacheller and L. 
 Keith resided 20 years ago. Willard Blodgett, on lot 35 ; land now owned 
 by his son Orrin. 
 
 Near .the center of the town, Benjamin Randall bought on lot 30; he was 
 a brother-in-law of Dr. Walworth, of Fredonia. Lot 38 was deeded to Eli- 
 jah Risley, Jr., Alanson Buckingham, and Benjamin Randall ; now owned 
 by John Guest. Isaac Norton and his son Elisha, Sylvanus Sage, Henry 
 Mumford, and Ellsworth Webster, bought lot 39. Ehsha Norton still resides 
 on a part of the lot ; the remainder is owned, in great part, by Jackson Sage. 
 
 In the north part of the town, Elijah Risley, Sr., bought originally on lots 
 32 and 33 ; the lands subsequently deeded to J. H. Mulford, Lucius Tuttle, 
 Thomas Osbom, and Rosamond Randall. 
 
 In the south-west part, Bela Kelly and Reuben Munger bought parts of 
 lot 42, on the south line of the town ; and Joseph Munger was an original 
 purchaser of part of lot 34, in 1817. In 1854, (perhaps much later,) B. 
 Kelly, S. & E. Kelly, and P. Munger, resided on lot 42. Robert King, and 
 John and Rufus S. Martin, took deeds of parts of lot 51 ; the last named is 
 still on his farm. Leverett Todd bought in October, 1818, a part of 45, 
 where he and his son Albert now reside. Peleg Redfield settled on the 
 west part of lot 58. Earl Bell Thompson and Alfred A. Skinner, and John 
 Cross, on lot 59. Benjamin White settled on lot 60, on the west line of the 
 town, where he and Jonathan Dow continued to reside many years. 
 
 In the north-west part, Calvin Hutchinson bought on lot 57, in 1829; and 
 also some land ' on the north side of the township line — both in the town of 
 Pomfret — which he still owns. Lewis W. Walker and Nathaniel Wood 
 bought of lot 63, including a part of Milford. Robert Wilson and Levi 
 Warner bought the north part of lot 64 ; the land subsequently owned by 
 R. Wilson, H. S. Stearns, and E. Marsh. The center of the lot was bought 
 by John Crane ; since owned by James Lovell. A part of lot 65, was owned 
 by A. Freeman, in 1854; Jonathan E. and Horace Hubbard owned the 
 south part of the lot. 
 
 In the west part of the township, on and near lot 47, settled a number of 
 the Websters, whose names are said to have been Ebenezer, Eli, Elisha, and 
 Horace, brothers. Russell, a son of Ebenezer, resides on the farm of his 
 
POMFRET. 475 
 
 grandfather. Jonathan Sprague bought early parts of lots 48 and 49, about 3 
 miles westerly from Fredonia, on the Buffalo & Erie road, where he settled, 
 and resided till his death. His son Philander continued to reside on and 
 occupy these lands for many years, when he removed to Red Wing, Minn., 
 where he resides. George Steele settled on lot 53, on which H. Benjamin 
 resides. Joseph Webster settled on lot 61, in r8i i ; R. Webster subsequent- 
 ly settled on the lot. Jonas Litch, on 53, in 1817 ; and still resides there; a 
 son resides near him. Rowland Porter settled on lot 54, where he still resides. 
 
 The following are names of early settlers in part of township 6, now in 
 the town of Pomfret : 
 
 In the east part of the two tiers of lots annexed to Pomfret, Daniel G. 
 Gould settled on lot 2, township 6, land afterwards owned by his sons, Orson 
 and Barzillai ; now by William Moore, Christy, and Orson's widow. J. 
 Baldwin and D. G. Goulding bought on lot 2 ; now owned by Button and 
 Thayer. On the west part of lot 9, Oliver Barnes settled ; and on the east 
 part, Jesse Baldwin; principally owned by Gardners, Ball, and A. S. Moss. 
 Hezekiah Barker bought lots, or parts, of 14 and 15 ; a part of which ap- 
 pears to have been owned by Leverett Barker, son-in-law of Hezekiah Bar- 
 ker. Lot 20 was deeded to Hezekiah Turner, Providence L. Shepard, and 
 Levi Risley. J ustus Adams, on lot 2 1 ; two sons reside on the lot. Martin 
 Eastwood on land adjoining, now owned by David J. Matteson, Handy, and 
 Pettit. Lot 26, deeded to John Sawin and Pearson Crosby; now divided 
 into small lots. Lot 30 was deeded mostly to David Elliott ; now owned by 
 the heirs of Sydney Stearns. The south part of the lot was the ''.gospel 
 land," now owned by Joseph Porter's heirs and others. Lot 31 — north-east 
 part deeded to Nathaniel and Pearson Crosby ; north-west part deeded to 
 Henry Lasell and Todd, and Irvin Osborne ; now owned by E. F. Osborne 
 and Isaac Saxton. Calvin Hutchinson bought a part of lot 34 ; owning 
 land in both townships. 
 
 Fredonia Academy was the first institution of the kind in the county. Its 
 first principal was Austin Smith, Esq., now of Westfield. The manner in 
 which the school came to be established at that particular time was thus de- 
 scribed by a prominent citizen, then residing at Fredonia : 
 
 " There was a contention or rivalry between the inhabitants on the west 
 side and those on the east side of the creek, respecting the building and the 
 location of a Presbyterian house of worship. Several meetings had been 
 held without an agreement. Col. Thomas G. Abell and his brother, Moseley 
 W. Abell, hotel-keepers on the present site of the Taylor House, were of 
 course strongly in favor of building on the east side. Many on that side, 
 who were comparatively indifferent about the site of a church, were known 
 to be anxious for the erection of an academy on the east side. Availing 
 himself of this advantage. Col. Abell started a subscription with a view to 
 the erection of a two story building ; the lower part to be used for an acade- 
 my, and the upper part for the use of the Presbyterian church. The neces- 
 sary amount was raised, and thus the location of the church and the academy 
 was fixed on the east side. It is said, not a few of the inhabitants believed 
 
476 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 the main village would be on the west side of the creek. This probably 
 accounts for the square laid out on that side." 
 
 There is at present no school called Fredonia academy. The old insti- 
 tution was a few years ago merged in the Normal and Training school, which 
 was established, by an act of the legislature, in 1866, and opened in February, 
 1868, in the old academy building, where it was continued until the comple- 
 tion of the present building, in September of the latter year. Its first prin- 
 cipal was Joseph A. Allen. He was succeeded, in 1869, by Rev. J. W. 
 Armstrong, the present principal. The faculty is composed of sixteen per- 
 sons. In addition to the Normal department, the course of studies embraces 
 primary, junior, senior, and academic departments. The number of Normal 
 students, during the year 1872, was about 350. The building is capable of 
 accommodating 700 pupils. It is a beautiful structure. The number of 
 volumes in its libraries is about 3,000. Its cabinet, designed for class pur- 
 poses, was imported from Germany, and is valued at $600. It has also phil- 
 osophical, chemical, and astronomical apparatus, valued at $2,500. The 
 building and grounds, valued at $97,500, with the library and apparatus, 
 amounting to $108,000, were presented by the village to the state, for the 
 purpose of establishing a Normal school ; the state guaranteeing the main- 
 tenance of an academic department, free to all persons residing in the village. 
 
 The village of Fredonia was incorporated. May 2, 1829. On the 2 2d of 
 August ensuing, the inhabitants met at the academy for the election of 
 officers and the transaction of other business, John Crane, justice, presiding. 
 The following are the names of the persons elected : 
 
 James MuUett, president. Henry C. Frisbee, clerk. Orrin McClure, 
 Benj. Walworth, James Norton, Noah H. Whitcomb, Benj. F. Taylor, trus- 
 tees. John Z. Saxton, treasurer. James Mark, collector. Leverett Barker, 
 Jas. Norton, Henry Bosworth, overseers of streets. Heman McClure, Chas. 
 Burritt, Daniel W. Douglass, assessors. Reuben Robbins, pound-keeper. 
 
 Voted, that the collector be allowed 5 per cent, on moneys collected. 
 
 That the assessors be allowed $1.25 a day for their services. 
 
 That $200 be raised for the expenses of the current year. 
 
 The president and trustees met on the ist of Sept., 1829, at Abell's hotel, 
 and ordered an assessment of property, and returns to be made in 20 days. 
 
 In 1830, John Crane was elected president; John Barker, collector; Wm. 
 A. Hart, assessor, in the place of Charles Burritt. All the officers of 1829 
 were reelected. 
 
 Among the ordinances of this year was the following : 
 
 Theatrical exhibitions, or shows, and other performances for gain or profit, 
 were forbidden without license previously obtained. 
 
 The Buffalo and Erie road was to be called Main street ; the road from 
 the Hamlet, southerly, to be called Hamlet street ; the road running by Noah 
 H. Whitcomb's, Mechanic street ; the road from the Academy toward David 
 J. Matteson's, Temple street ; the road from Main street to James Norton's, 
 Eagle street ; the cross-road from Water street to Eagle street, Factory street, 
 
POMFRET. 477 
 
 since named Mi// street; the road from Temple street towards Dunkirk, Lake 
 street, now called Centra/ avenue. 
 
 Fredonia is illuminated with natura/ gas. The following account of its 
 discovery and use is from Child's Gazetteer and Directory, and, having 
 doubtless been furnished by citizens of Fredonia, is presumed to be correct : 
 
 "The use of natural gas at Fredonia was begun in 1821, when experiments 
 were made to determine its illuminating value, and it was introduced into a 
 few of the public places, among which was the hotel which then occupied the 
 site of the Taylor House, and which was thus illuminated when La Fayette 
 passed through the village. The gas used at that time was the first used in 
 the United States, and the gas works estabUshed here were the first in this 
 country. The spring first discovered, and firom which gas was first used, is 
 located on the north bank of Canadaway creek, at the bridge crossing that 
 stream on Main street, in the village of Fredonia. The gas escaped at vari- 
 ous places in the immediate vicinity, but when the well was sunk it was drawn 
 to it. The gas from this well, which was sufficient for about thirty burners, 
 was used alone until 1858, when another well was sunk on the creek, in the 
 north-west part of the village, by Preston Barraore, the shaft being thirty feet 
 deep, six feet in diameter at the top and fourteen feet at the bottom, with two 
 vertical borings, one of 100 and the other of 150 feet depth. In the fall of 
 1858, Elias Forbes, the present president of the gas company, purchased a 
 half interest in the well, and that fall a company was formed, and during the 
 remainder of that and the following year, the gas in sufficient quantity to 
 supply about 2,000 cubic feet per day was conducted to the village through 
 three miles of mains, and supplied directly from the well to the stores of the 
 village. During the latter year (1859) the company put in a gas receiver or 
 holder of 12,000 cubic feet capacity, and supplied private houses. In the 
 fall of 1871, Alvah Colburn made a boring for gas near his mill, with a view 
 to supplying fuel for generating steam therefor ; but the supply was inade- 
 quate for that purpose, though it was evolved in considerable quantity. He 
 therefore purchased the Barmore interest in the gas company, and connected 
 his well, which is 1,200 feet deep, with the company's receiver, since which 
 time the supply of gas has been ample for the demands of the village. Pre- 
 vious to the opening of Colbum's well, the supply of gas was not sufficient to 
 meet the demand for it during the winter, and the deficiency was made up 
 by gas manufactured firom coal." 
 
 Laona. 
 
 Among the pioneers and early settlers at Laona and in its vicinity, were 
 David Cooley, John Van Tassel, Eliphalet Burnham, Thomas and Hezekiah 
 Bull, Ebenezer Eaton, Joel Harrington, and Henry Wilson, the last of whom, 
 about 1820, gave the village its present name. It lies on Canadaway creek, 
 I y^, miles south-east from Fredonia, and adjoining its corporate boundaries. 
 
 The Canadaway here furnishes a great water power, which began to be 
 utiUzed at an early day. Thomas and Hezekiah Bull, about 1810 or 1811, 
 built a flouring-mill, which was rebuilt by Leverett Barker and Nathan 
 Hatch, from whom it passed into the possession of Robert S. Newton, and 
 from him to H. E. & J. M. Tyrrel. It has 3 runs of burr stones, and is 
 capable of manufacturing 150 barrels of flour and meal per day. 
 
478 ,^4- HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 A catdti^^^machine and cloth-dressing works were built by Ebenezer Eaton, 
 from Cazenovia, N. Y., in 1812. But, like other works of its class, it 
 was long since superseded by more extensive factories. About 181 7, 
 Thomas Bull bliilt a cMon factory, which was soon after destroyed by fire, 
 supposed to have been dqne by an incendiary. Thomas Bull and Orrin 
 Ford, in 1823, built a woolai factory, which, in 1838, passed into the hands 
 of Major Nelson Gorham and Silas Fletcher, Canadian patriots and refugees: 
 and in 1854 it was purchased of them by Aaron Kellogg and son ; the ma- 
 chinery was removed ; and the business was changed to the manufacture of 
 paper; and in 1871 it came into the possession of Peter B. Alexander, the 
 present owner, who employs 6 hands, and turns out 1,000 pounds of printing 
 paper daily. 
 
 In the fall of 1859, Horace White and H. H. Bumpus, who had for several 
 years carried on the tanning business at Shumla, having taken Cyrenus Ellis 
 as a partner, built the present tannery in Laona, now owned and conducted 
 by White & Ellis. This establishment has attained a position probably un- 
 equaled by any other in the county. The first bark was ground in this tan- 
 nery January i, i860. There were then 64 vats for leather, and 6 leaches 
 for bark. The machinery was propelled by a thirty horse power steam 
 engine, which was the first steam power in Laona. Bark, bought in i860 
 for $2.50 per cord, cost, in the time of the war, as high as $7, owing, in 
 a great measure, to the scarcity of help to peel it. In July, 1867, Mr. 
 Bumpus retired from business. In 1868, White & Ellis increased the num- 
 ber of vats to 128 for leather; consuming annually 1,000 cords of bark, and 
 giving employment to 20 men. 
 
 In the spring of 1873, a cheese factory was erected by a joint stock com- 
 pany, at an expense of $3,000; and Alanson C. Straight, Samuel G. Bartlett, 
 and Jackson Brainard, were elected trustees. During the season, from May 
 to October, inclusive, the product from 400 cows was 60 tons of cheese. 
 This factory has the capacity and the prospect of doubling its products the 
 next season. 
 
 Natural gas is found here in sufficient quantity to supply the village with 
 light, if there were sufficient enterprise and ability to utilize it. About 1859 
 -60, the sandstone rock which underlies the village, was bored to the depth 
 of 500 to 600 feet in search of oil ; but nothing other than a strong current 
 of gas was obtained. 
 
 Laoiu has a population of 365 persons, a station on the Dunkirk, Alle- 
 gany Valley. & Pittsburgh railroad, i hotel, a post-office, 3 groceries, i wagon- 
 shop, 2 shoe-shops, and 3 blacksmith shops. 
 
 Biographical and Genealogical. 
 
 Thomas G. Abell was bom in Bennington, Vt, April 15, 1791, and was 
 married to Rhoda Hawks, of the same place. In 1814, he removed to Fre- 
 donia, N. Y., and with his brother Moseley, purchased the hotel property, 
 lately known as the Johnson House, now the Taylor House. Mr. Abell, 
 
c-^' //i:/-^ 
 
 ^^iC^>0^ 
 
y..- 
 
 .--^:^^^^ y/, 
 
 't^/^'^a,^-€ 
 
^ ^.^^o-. 
 
/ 
 
 
POMFRET. 479 
 
 ♦ 
 Bela D. Coe, of Buffalo, and Col. Nathaniel Bird, of ,Westfield, established 
 
 the first line of stages from Buffalo to Erie, Pa., and ran them for many years. 
 Col. Abell is said to have built the first stage coach in the county. He was 
 an enterprising man, and was much engaged, with others, in building up the 
 town, having pursued the several employments of merchandising, milling, and 
 conducting an iron foundry; and was one of the founders of the Fredonia 
 academy. He was for many years a colonel of a regiment of infantry in the 
 county. He removed to Buffalo in i85*> but he engaged there in no active 
 business. He died in 1857; his wife, Feb. I^^ 1.862. They had five chil- 
 ren : i. William Hawks, [see sketch.] 2. BiauaMliza, bom Sept 9, 1815 ; 
 died Feb. 20, 1875, unmarried. 3. Harriet Maria, bom March 8, 1818, and 
 is unmarried. 4. Catherine Jentiett, bom Aug. 24, 1820, and was married to 
 David S. Forbes, of Fredonia, and had three children : Thomas A., Cath- 
 erine L., and Zelia ; and died Feb. 24, 1875. 5. Apphia Louisa, bom July 
 8, 1822; died July 11, 1824. 6. Rhoda Louisa, ham July 11, 1824; died 
 Oct. II, 1869, unmarried. . 
 
 William H. Abell, son of Thomas G. Abell, was bom in Vermont, 
 January 29, 1814, the year in which his parents removed to Fredonia. He 
 was a graduate of Fredonia academy; and, at the age of 20, was colonel of 
 a regiment. At the age of 21, he went to Buffalo, and lived there two years. 
 During the excitement of the Texas revolution, he went to Texas, and spent 
 a winter in Matagorda, and returned home. In 1839,- he went again, and 
 settled in Austin, the capital of the republic, then just laid out for a city. 
 He there held several offices : acting controller, postmaster^ and alderman ; 
 and was captain of the Travis Guards. He returned to Fredonia in 1842, 
 and in 1844 removed to Buffalo, where he still resides, and is engaged in the 
 forwarding and commission business. He was married Oct. 22, 1846, to 
 Eliza Lee, daughter of Oliver Lee, who was bom Nov. 25, 1820. They had 
 four children: i. William Oliver, who was bom March 16, 1848; died 
 March 18, 1873, aged 25. 2. Harriet Eliza, who was bom July 2, 1850, 
 and married Thomas Towers, of Buffalo. 3. Charles Lee, born Oct; 4, 1856. 
 4. Helen M., bom March 12, 1864. 
 
 Leverett Barker, son of Russel Barker, was bom at Branford, Conn., 
 May 6, 1787, and came to Chautauqua county in 1809. He was married, 
 March 3, 181 1, to Desire, daughter of Hezekiah Barker, who came to 
 Canadaway in 1806, and brought in his family in 1807. He was by trade a 
 tanner and currier, and established a tannery at Fredonia, said to have been 
 the first in the county, though an earlier one, so inconsiderable as hardly to 
 deserve the name, had previously existed. Gen. Barker's was conducted on 
 an extensive scale ; and he subsequently bought an interest in a large estab- 
 lishment in Jamestown. In 181 5, he was commissioned, by Gov. Tompkins, 
 lieutenant of a company in the i62d regiment of infantry; in 1816, adjutant 
 of the 169th regiment. In 18 18, he was commissioned, by Gov. De Witt 
 Clinton, lieutenant-colonel of the 169th regiment of infantry; and in 1823, 
 by Gov. Yates, colonel ; James MuUett, at the same time lieutenant-colonel, 
 
480 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 • 
 and Thomas G. Abell, major. In 1824, he was commissioned, by Gov. 
 Yates, brigadier-general of the 43d brigade of New York infantry; and, in 
 1826, by Gov. De Witt Clinton, major-general of the 26th division of infantry. 
 Gen. Barker had 8 children: 1. Hamilton A., born May 11, 1812; resides 
 at Dunkirk. 2. S. Eliza, bom Sept. 22, 1814, wife of Rosell Green, de- 
 ceased; she resides at Fredonia. 3. Mary L., bom Aug. 24, 1817; died 
 June 16, 1836. 4. Darwin .^.,bom Sept. 9, 1820, and is associated with 
 Eber Pettit, his father-in-law, the origidal proprietor of " Pettit's Eye Salve," 
 in Fredonia. 5. Susan W., bom March 3, 1824, wife of Stephen Mead, 
 now residing in California.. 6. Dorinda C, born Sept. 15, 1826; married, 
 first, Thomas Bristol jcS^cond, Walter Finkle, of Dunkirk. 7. Emeline F., 
 bom October 2|[, l^^x^iWas twice married ; first, to Charles Rockwood ; sec- 
 ond, to Harry* ll*>fck*?ood, and died Aug. 5, 1875. 8. Lucretia J., born July 
 10, 1834. vK^v::' 
 
 George Barker was bom in Venice, Cayuga Co., N. Y., Nov. 6, 1823. 
 His father, John A. Barker, was of English descent, and born in Norwalk, 
 Conn., in 1787. ;i and his mother, Phebe Ogden, of Dutch ancestry, was born 
 in Elizabethtowi^'N.iJi, in the same year. They were married at Chenango 
 Forks, Broome £^i N. Y., in 1810, and in the same year settled in Cayuga 
 Co., where he-ccftBtnenced the business of a tanner, the art and mystery of 
 which, he had- acquired in his New England home. He prosecuted that 
 business, with ixagisag, during the remainder of his life. He was a man of 
 activity and 6i{eii^^..Qf great force of character, prosperous in his business 
 pursuits, of gop^ -repute, and of considerable local influence in public affairs. 
 He died in 185*1/ his wife, '^ i860. Judge Barker was educated in the com- 
 mon and select schools in the neighborhood of his father's residence; and at 
 the Aurora academigi>< He commenced the study of the law, in the office of 
 David Wright, Es«^(^ubura, in 1844, and was admitted to the bar, at the 
 same place, in 184!;^ '^e Ctiaie to Fredonia in July, 1848, where he has ever 
 since resided, and ent^^ u]^D the practice of his profession. He was clerk 
 of the village, by sutScessive elections, in 1850, '51, and '52, and president 
 of the corporation, in 1853, '57, and '58. He was elected district-attorney 
 in 1853, and again in 1862, and served two fiiU terms. He was a member 
 of the constitutional convention, in 1867, and of the committees on " the 
 judiciary," and on "the legislature and its organization," in that body. He 
 married Achsah Elizabeth Glisan, of Frederick Co., Maryland, in Oct., 1857. 
 He continued in the legal profession, in which he acquired a good practice, 
 until 1867, when he was elected justice of the supreme court, in the 8th 
 judicial district, for the fidl term, in place of the late Hon. Martin Grover, 
 whose term was about to expire. 
 
 John S. Bellows, fi-om Madison Co., in the spring of 1806, settled on the 
 north part of what is known as the Wm. Moore farm, near Laona. Two 
 years after, he removed to Fredonia, and tended Hezekiah Barker's grist-mill. 
 He was the first town clerk of Pomfiret, afterwards a justice of the peace and 
 postmaster, which last office he held until his death, Dec. 8, 1813. He had 
 

 <^ 
 
 ..s:*::-^ -^-r^L, 
 
</-^^/^^^^ 
 
POMFRET. 481 
 
 6 children, 5 sons and a daughter, all living except Samuel, the oldest son. 
 John P. resides at Sinclairville ; the rest in the Western states. 
 
 Henry Bosworth, son of Samuel Bosworth, was bom in Westfield, Mas- 
 sachusetts, April 12, 1794, and came, in 1817, to Fredonia, where he estab- 
 lished the jewelry and watch-repairing business, which was probably the first 
 establishment of the kind in the county. Major Bosworth carried on this 
 business to the time of his death, May 3, 1853, a period of 36 years. He 
 married Mary Love D. Snow, daughter of Samuel and Love D. Snow, Octo- 
 ber 27, 1820. He was elected county superintendent of the poor, which 
 office he held in 1838 and 1839. 
 
 Eliphalet Burnham, son of Augustus, was bom in Hartford, Conn., and 
 was married in Pittstown, N. Y., in 1801, to Rhoda Ward, who was bom in 
 Buckland, Mass. They first removed to Paris, N. Y., and thence, in 1805, 
 to Pomfret, and settled on lot 6, where now Livenus Ellis lives, and where 
 his wife died in 1814. He sold his farm and bought the paper-mill at Laona. 
 He was an early and a prominent member of the Baptist church, and a zeal- 
 ous and steady promoter of its interests. He had by his first wife 5 children : 
 Rhoda, wife of Wm. H. Tew, of Jamestown ; Horace ; Louisa ; Levi, who 
 died in infancy; and Milton. He married, second, Belvidera Carter, by 
 whom he had 9 children : Sarah ; John ; Mary E., wife of Abraham Martin, 
 of Kiantone; Levi; William; Lydia; Emily; George; and Tertius. Mr. 
 Bumham removed to Union City, Pa., where he died Sept. 27, 1863, and was 
 buried in Lake View Cemetery, Jamestown, by the side of his two sons, Levi 
 and George. 
 
 Charles Burritt was bom in Connecticut, and while young, removed 
 to Oneida county with an aunt, with whom he spent the earlier part of his 
 life. About the year r8o8, he removed to Canadaway, now Fredonia, where 
 he commenced the shoemaking business in a log shop on the present site of 
 Putnam's dry goods store. After a few years, failing health induced him to 
 change his business ; and he purchased a lot near the creek and established 
 a grocery, which he continued during the remainder of his life. He died 
 March 9, 1866, in his 80th year. He was an industrious man and an esti- 
 mable citizen. He was, in the war of 181 2, ensign in Capt. Jehiel Moore's 
 company, and was in the battle of Queenston. He was married to Orpha 
 Tucker, daughter of Samuel Tucker, of Silver Creek, afterwards of Portland. 
 Their children were : i. William Henry, who went to Mississippi, was mar- 
 ried there, and died at Fredonia. 2. Mary Jane, who married Elbridge W. 
 Meacham, and resides at Fredonia. 3. Harriet, wife of David McClure ; 
 they reside at Marshall, Mich. 4. Franklin, who married Ann, daughter of 
 Elisha Norton, of Pomfret, and resides in Fredonia. Mr. Burritt has re- 
 cently been for many years supervisor of Pomfret. 
 
 Orris Crosby was born in IStchfield, Conn., Jan. 2, 1791; went to Cana- 
 da, in 1809, to study medicine with an uncle ; and in June, 181 3, [during the 
 war,] was put in prison and handcuffed for vindicating his country's cause. 
 In July, he was put on board the fleet on Lake Erie, by order of Commodore 
 31 
 
482 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 Robert Herriot Barclay. On the loth of Sept following, he was shot in the 
 breast by Lieut John Garland, of the British navy, because he would not 
 fight his countrymen, and was left for dead. This same Garland was slain in 
 the action ; but Crosby survived. He carried, during the rest of his life, the 
 marks of the wound in his breast, and of the British handcuffs on his wrists. 
 After Perry's victory. Dr. Crosby having gradually recovered, went to Gene- 
 see county, and resumed his medical studies; was licensed there by the 
 Medical Society, in June, 1817, and came with his uncle, Eliakim Crosby, 
 to Fredonia, and opened a drug store, and commenced practice there as a 
 physician. 
 
 Zattu Gushing, a descendant Of a Puritan family, was born at Plymouth, 
 Mass., in 1770. At the proper age, he was apprenticed to a ship carpenter, 
 and, after learning the trade, he worked some time.as a shij)-builder at Boston. 
 He went to Ballston, SaratC^a Co., N. Y., where he married Rachel Buck- 
 ingham, and removed to Paris, Oneida Co. In 1798 or 1799, he was em- 
 ployed to go to Presque Island, near Erie, Pa., to superintend the building 
 of a vessel, afterwards named Good Intent, which was supposed to be the 
 first vessel built at any American harbor on Lake Erie, and which was lost, 
 in 1805, on the Canada shore, with all on board. He returned with two 
 horses through the wilderness, along the shore of Lake Erie, which afforded 
 him a favorable opjwrtunity for selecting lands ; and he decided to purchase 
 the land which is now the site of the village of Fredonia, when the townships 
 should have been Surveyed into lots. His removal thither in 1805 ; his dis- 
 appointment at finding the spot he had chosen occupied by Thomas McClin- 
 tock ; and his subsequent purchase of this land of his choice, have been 
 mentioned, [j5. 46S J] also his Christian labors in the cause of religion, espe- 
 cially in the formatidi]|: of the Baptist church in that place. . On the complete 
 organization of the'cbimty, in 181 1, he was appcnnt^d first judge, which 
 office he held until 1824.= He also perfor(ned service in the war of 1812. His 
 energy and enterprise contributed largely to the growth and prosperity of 
 Fredonia. It is but just to say that, in those qualities which fit a man for his 
 duties, social, civil, and religious, he was probably not excelled by any fellow- 
 citizen. His wife died in 1816. He afterwards married Mary Elderkin. 
 He had by his first marriage 8 children : i. Lucinda, wife of William Barker. 
 2. Walter, who married Louisa Elderkin. 3. Lydia, who married, first, Dan- 
 iel S. Houghton ; second, Dr. Squire White. 4. Milton B., who married 
 Mary Smith. 5. Zattu. 6. Ca/Ainw, widow of Philo Stevens; she resides 
 in Fredonia, and is said to have been the first child bom in town. 7. Alonzo, 
 who resides in Virginia. 8. Rcuhel, who married Edward Tupper. He had, 
 by the second marriage : i. Addison C, who married, first, Elizabeth King; 
 second, Ellen Cummings. 2. Sarah, who died at 13. 3. Franklin, who 
 married Minerva Risley. [The order in which the children were bom has 
 been differently stated.] Judge Gushing died January 13, 1839. 
 
 William B. Gushing, youngest son of Milton B. Gushing, was bom Nov. 
 4, 1842, in Wisconsin, whither his father had emigrated while a young man. 
 
^» 
 
 x^'f 
 
 "^^ 
 
1_-^.- 
 
POMFRET. 483 
 
 and where he died, leaving a widowed wife and four sons in childhood, who 
 came to Fredonia for the enjoyment of educational advantages, and the 
 society of their kindred. At the age of 15, he entered the naval academy 
 at Annapolis, Md., in 1857, and after his resignation thereat, in the spring of 
 1 86 1, he visited some relatives in Chelsea, Mass., where, by the influence of 
 Rear-Admiral Smith, his mother's relative, he was assigned duty upon the 
 frigate Minnesota, and soon thereafter proceeded to Hampton Roads, to 
 engage actively in the combat with the confederate fleet. At the age of 19, 
 he began a career which won for him undying fame and an imperishable 
 record, characterized by unparalleled heroism and valor. It would require a 
 volume to give in detail his brilliant exploits. Soon after reaching Hampton 
 Roads with the Minnesota, he captured the Delaware Farmer, the first prize 
 of the rebellion. A few months thereafter, he was transferred to the Cam- 
 bridge ; and in July, 1862, he was promoted to the lieutenancy. Soon after 
 the memorable conflict with the confederate ram Merrimac, we hear of his 
 assault upon Hatteras forts ; his resistance to and destruction of the rebel 
 infantry which attempted to board his vessel on the Blackwater ; his boldness 
 •in disembarking from boats under a volley of rebel musketry above Wil- 
 mington, and with 20 men driving a garrison from their forts, and destroying 
 their eartjiworks ; his destroying the blockade runner Hebe, while in com- 
 mand of the Shoboken ; his night surprise on the enemy, with six sailors 
 capturing ten prisoners and taking two guns aboard his boat ; rowing up 
 Cape Fear river in the darkness of night to Smithville, rebel headquarters, 
 hiding his men, and silently approaching the commanding general's quarters, 
 passing, unobserved, within a few yards of 1,500 men, and noiselessly enter- 
 ing the adjutaftt-general's sleeping apartment, lighting wax tapers, and, with 
 presented pistol, demanding silence, and compelling the officer to deliver his 
 papers and plans, which secured, he escapes to his b'oat, making a prisoner 
 of the confederate chief engineer, before the enraged rebels could realize 
 what had occurred. 
 
 While in command of the flag-ship Malvern, directly after his promotion to 
 lieutenant-commander, he, with a few men in a small craft, were for six hours 
 under a shower of shot and shell, while buoying out a channel. His hazard- 
 ous and valiant exploits before Fort Fisher, which succumbed after such per- 
 sistent efforts and terrible slaughter ; his intrepidity exhibited in slyly board- 
 ing the richly laden blockade runner Charlotte, and suddenly surprising the 
 captain by opening the door and placing a hand upon his shoulder, and. de- 
 manding a surrender, to the utter amazement of some British officers, who, 
 with the captain, were enjoying a wine carnival, and thus making a valuable 
 prize of the Charlotte, and, soon after, of the Stag ; were remarkable ex- 
 ploits. While the least of these achievements would win merited distinction, 
 they are insignificant when compared with the intrepidity and fearlessness 
 manifested in the hazardous attempt to destroy the supposed invincible con- 
 federate ram Albemarle, the terror of the federal forces, as she held com- 
 plete sway in that locality. Frustrated in his designs to board her by night 
 
484 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 surprise, and cut her loose and run her off, he determined to approach her 
 by night, slide under her a torpedo, and destroy her. To accomplish this, 
 he, after many difficulties, brought to the point of operation a steam launch, 
 30 feet in length, supplied with the instruments of death and destruction, 
 taking with him only such men as declared themselves willing to sacrifice 
 their lives, and contemplated their own destruction, with that of the invul- 
 nerable foe. With a line attached to the engineer's ankle to communicate 
 his will without speaking, they were enabled to acquire a velocity sufficient 
 to slide them over a boom into the slip, where lay the Abermarle under vigi- 
 lance of army and navy, both of which directed fire upon the hero, tearing 
 away his clothing, while he continues to manipulate his ingenious and de- 
 structive devices, dropping underneath the vessel a torpedo, its correct posi- 
 tion being indicated by the attached line. He pulls the exploding line, 
 which drops a grape-shot upon the percussion cap of the torpedo, which ex- 
 ploding simultaneously with the discharge of a rifle gun bearing upon them 
 from the foe ; and both destroyer and destroyed are blown into the air, as 
 he exclaimed : " Men, save yourselves ! " He, by persistency, succeeds in 
 reaching the shore, where he fell exhausted, with his feet in the water, and 
 continued semi-conscious for a long time, when he crept into the swamj), 
 and concealed himself until he found a small boat, which he cut loose, and 
 made his escape. In a sketch of Com. Gushing, in Johnson's Cyclopedia, 
 the writer says : " Always complimented by his superior officers for his skill 
 and courage ; five times thanked by the navy department, and once by Con- 
 gress for ' distinguished services,' the country and the navy may well be 
 proud of this most adventurous of their heroes." 
 
 Oscar W. Johnson, Esq., thus concludes his " Memoir of Judge Zattu 
 Cushing:" 
 
 " It was a blessing to have lived at such a period in our national existence, 
 to have died with bright visions of the future without even seeing a sign of 
 the great convulsion that has since shaken the republic to its very center. 
 Could he have lived until this time he would have seen his restless and un- 
 conquerable will manifesting itself in his posterity in the most terrible ordeals 
 to which man is ever subjected — he would have seen his grandsons making 
 the name of Cushing immortal in his coiintr/s history- While Gettysburg 
 is remembered, long as the human heart cherishes the memory of heroism 
 and virtue, it will warm at the name of Alonzo H. Cushing, who, when brave 
 men retired before the Overwhelming assault of the enemy, although thrice 
 wounded, still stood to his post almost alone, and died at the battery he 
 commanded as he poured its last discharge into the very face of the foe. 
 And Lieutenant-Commander William B. Cushing, by repeated daring and 
 successful achievements, has rivaled the fame of Paul Jones and Perry, and 
 associated his name with theirs in immortality." * 
 
 William B. Cushing was married, February 22, 1870, to Kate Louise, 
 daughter of Col. D. S. Forbes, of Fredonia, where she resides with her two 
 daughters, Mary Louise, bom Dec. i, 187 1 ; and Katharine A., bom Oct. 
 II, 1873. He died at Washington navy-yard, December 17, 1874, aged 
 32 years. 
 
/^y^<U< 
 
POMFRET. 485 
 
 Henry C. Frisbee was bom in Essex Co., N. Y., in March, 1801, and 
 came to Fredonia in 18 17, with his father, who having died only a few 
 months after settling here, the whole family, excepting Henry, returned to 
 the East. Having some knowledge of type-setting, Henry obtained employ- 
 ment in the printing office of James Hull, publisher of the Chautauqua Ga- 
 zette, his wages scarcely exceeding his necessary expenses. After about two 
 years, aspiring to the ownership of an office and the position of an editor, he 
 obtained a boy in his place for six months while he attended school, working 
 evenings to pay for his board. At the end of that time, he returned to Mr. 
 Hull, but was informed that his services were no longer needed. Having re- 
 monstrated in vain against this unfairness, he told Mr. Hull that a paper should 
 be started in opposition to his. He went a little out of the village, and 
 worked at anything which would bring him any compensation. At length, 
 having heard of a printing press and type in Buffalo which he could lease or 
 buy, he hired a team and drove to Buffalo, leased the office furniture, and 
 brought it to Fredonia, in March, 182 1. The first number of his paper, the 
 New York Censor — afterwards changed to Fredonia Censor — was issued Feb- 
 ruary 8, 1822. For 17 years Mr. Frisbee worked on the paper both as com- 
 positor and editor. He was also engaged, for many years, in the book-selling 
 and book-binding business, which has since been conducted by his son at the 
 same place. Though not an aspirant for political honors, he was chosen by 
 the people of the county to represent them in the legislature of 1845. He 
 became at an early day a member of the Presbyterian church, and, during 
 the remainder of his life, honored his profession by an exemplary Christian 
 deportment, and his support of the various institutions of the church de- 
 signed to promote the cause of the Divine Master. 
 
 George W. Gage was born in De Ruyter, Madison Co., N. Y., Sept. 3,' 
 1803. He came to Cassadaga in 1825, and left in 1832. After a short resi- 
 dence in Erie, Orleans, and Niagara counties respectively, he returned to this 
 county, and settled at Laona, where he now resides. He was in early life a 
 school teacher. He taught in Fredonia in 1825. Teaching was, for ten 
 years, his principal business. He was a merchant from 1832 to 1842 ; and 
 was elected county clerk in Niagara county in 1849. He was married at 
 Middleport, to Ruth Fassett, and has 3 children : Omar Fassett, now in 
 Rochester ; Romeo W., residing at Laona ; and Alice R., in Rochester. 
 
 John P. Hall, the eldest son of Ahira Hall, was born in Massena, N. Y., 
 June I, 1809. At the age of 7 years, he came with his parents to Portland, 
 Chautauqua Co., N. Y. Chiefly by his own efforts he obtained a good educa- 
 tion, and pursued for a time, alternately, the avocations of farming and teach- 
 ing. He resided many years in Sherman, where he was married to Mrs. Jane 
 Ann Miller, widow of Wm. O. Miller. While a resident of Sherman, he was 
 supervisor of that town, in 1846 and 1847. In 1849, he was elected to the 
 assembly. In 1850, he removed to Pomfret, where he was for many years 
 an extensive dealer in cattle, with a younger brother, Ralph N. They were 
 also large landholders, and devoted their farms to this business ; o\vning, at 
 
486 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 one time, nearly 2,000 acres. John P. Hall had an extensive acquaintance, 
 and was generally respected. In 1869, he was supervisor of Pomfret. In 
 1870, he purchased his brother's interest, who removed to New Hampshire. 
 He was an active member of the Methodist Episcopal church, and died, after 
 a lingering illness, Aug. 2, 1871. He was generous to the poor, and a liberal 
 contributor to religious and benevolent institutions. He had 3 children, all 
 bom in Sherman : Jame^ A;, bom Sept 27, 1846 ; Otis M., July 7, 1849 ; 
 and John Preston, Aug. 25,' 1S52. 
 
 Ralph N. HALt, brodiferof John A., was bom in Portland, Chautauqua 
 Co., Nov. 3, iSit,' and' Was married, at Newport, N. H., to Caroline J. Hall, 
 March 29, 185*. In April following, he removed to Pomfret, Chautauqua 
 Co. He settled at Mcman station, on the farm he had purchased of Richard 
 Reynolds, on the north side of the railroad, where he resided six years. He 
 then bought the Levi Selleck farm, on the south side of the railroad, to which 
 he removed. While in Pomfret, he was, for several years, an extensive dealer 
 in cattle, with his brother, John P., as above stated. He purchased, Aug., 
 1875, ^h Ws brother Albina, a drug store in Buffalo, which is conducted by 
 their brother-in-law, J. D. Merritt In 1870, he removed to Newport, N. H., 
 where he now resides. His only child, Julian, bom April 9, 1853, died in 
 infancy. 
 
 Justin Hinman, bom in Washington, Conn., Aug., 1781, removed from 
 Oneida Co. to Chautauqua Co., in 1806. He was the first magistrate in 
 Pomfret, i8io. He died in that town in 1813. His widow removed to 
 Sheridan in 1814. 
 
 Jacob Houghton was bom in Bolton, Mass., Feb. 15, 1777. His family 
 were from Lancaster, England. The farm, which was bought from the In- 
 dians, is still in possession of the family. The original deed is still extant, 
 and a part of the payment was a blanket and a pair of white steers. His 
 father and grandfather and himself were born in the same house. His 
 father, Simon Houghton, was for many years a member of the Massachusetts 
 Rigislature. The son attended the district school ; earned money to buy a 
 Latin grammar, and studied while riding to mill with the grain in panniers, 
 on horseback. After he left home, he studied Latin and Greek under a pri- 
 vate tutor. At 21, he went to Vermont, taught school, was clerk in a store, 
 and removed with his employer to Troy, N. Y. He there studied, law for 
 three years with David Jones, and was admitted to practice in all the courts 
 of the state. At 25, he formed a partnership with Samuel Starr, and after- 
 wards with John A. Collier, who studied with him. He had t)ie honorary 
 degree of A. M. conferred upon him. He was married, Jan. 28, i8o6, at 
 Wallingford, Vt, to Lydia Douglass, daughter of Capt Daniel Douglass, of 
 the army of the Revolution. She was bom in Conn., Dec. lo, 1780. In 
 June, 181 1, he visited this county, engaged a man to build a house, and in 
 September removed his family to Mayville. His house was not begun, nor 
 could he find one short of Irring, on the north side of Cattaraugus creek, 
 whither he removed ; the journey having been made with an ox-team in five 
 
c .< 
 
 / 
 
 I r > : v.: 
 
^O-X.u^ 
 
POMFRET. 487 
 
 days, guided by blazed trees. He there practiced his profession, traded with 
 the Indians, Daniel Douglass, his brother-in-law, being a clerk in his store. 
 In 1812, he removed to Fredonia, and built the house in which his family 
 still reside. He was present at the first court, [common pleas,] held in the 
 county, in June, 181 1, with only three other attorneys, Anselm Potter, Casper 
 Rouse, and Dennis Brackett. Mr. Rouse dying a year or two after, and Mr. 
 Brackett being killed at Buffalo, at the burning of the city on December 13, 
 1813, Mr. Houghton was the only snpreme court attorney in the county. 
 In March, 1813, he was appointed, by Gov. Tompkins, a judge of the court 
 of common pleas. He was also for some time postmaster at Fredonia. He 
 was for two terms supreme court commissioner, by appointment of Gov. 
 Marcy ; and held the office of justice of the peace for four years. He died 
 suddenly of apoplexy, July 30, 1861, aged 85 years and 5 months. Mr. 
 Houghton had 7 sons and 2 daughters : i. Alured, born in Troy, N.* Y., 
 July 12, 1807; graduated at Geneva College at the age of twenty; was 
 principal of an academy at Baton Rouge, La., where he died Oct. 29, 1829, 
 in his 23d year. 2. Douglass, bom at Troy, N. Y. ; educated under Prof. 
 Eaton, Troy ; went to Detroit, Mich., as lecturer on difierent scientific sub- 
 jects ; returned to Fredonia, and studied medicine with Dr. Walworth. He 
 married Harriet Stevens, of Fredonia, and settled in Detroit at the age of 
 twenty-four. He there practiced medicine and surgery ; but left the practice 
 for the, to him, fascinating studies of geology and botany. He was phy- 
 sician to the expedition under Schoolcraft that discovered the sources of the 
 Mississippi river. He was also sent out as physician, by the general govern- 
 ment, to vaccinate the Indians on Lake Superior. He was state geologist 
 of Michigan, and passed through Lake Superior several summers in birch- 
 bark canoes. He was drowned in Lake Superior, October 13, 1845, aged 
 36 years. He left 2 daughters: Harriet D., wife of Embury Morgan, a 
 lawyer, of Coldwater, Mich. ; and Mary, wife of Dr, Harroun, of Chicago. 
 3. Richard Henry, born at Cattaraugus, N. Y., June 29, 1812. Studied 
 medicine with his brother Douglass; and died in Detroit, Sept. 12, 1834, 
 in his 23d year. 4. Lydia Douglass, bom at Fredonia, July 20, 1815, wife 
 of Alvah Bradish, artist. 5. Sarah Douglass, bom at Ma)'ville, N. Y., Dec 
 7, 181 7; died at Fredonia, August 30, 1840, in her '23d year. 6. Alexan- 
 der, bom at Fredonia, July 15th, 1820 ; resides there, and is a farmer. 7, 8. 
 William and Theodore, died in infancy. 9. Jacob, bom at Fredonia, May 
 28, 1827. His residesce is in Detroit; but his business is at Michigamme, 
 Marquette Co., Mich. He is a civil engineer, and owns a saw-mill and part 
 of an iron mine. He married Theodosia P. Gillett, and has 4 daughters 
 and 2 sons. 
 
 James Mark came to Fredonia, from Delaware Co., N. Y., in 1808, at the 
 age of 20 years. In the war of 181 2, he was called out under Capt. Hale, 
 with the militia of the county, for the d'efense of Buffalo, and was at the battle 
 of Black Rock and the burning of Buffalo. In 1819, he married Miss Lucy 
 Woodcock, and, in after years, was widely known in the northern part of the 
 
488 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 county as manufacturer of pearl ashes from salts of lye, or " black salts," the 
 principal cash commodity of the early settlers. In 1836, he removed to 
 Hamlet, in the town of Villenova, where, in company with John Z. Saxton, 
 of Fredonia, he commenced the mercantile business and the manufacture 
 of pot and pearl ash'es, which business he afterwards pursued on his own 
 account for many years, and until his death, in 1855. His son, Charles L. 
 Mark, continued the mercantile business successfully at the above place for 
 a few years; but, since 1861, has been a resident of Fredonia. He had 
 three other sons : Dr. Andrew J. Mark, who died at Clymer, N. Y., in i860; 
 Prof. Geo. A. Mark, who resides at Hillsdale, Mich. ; and John E. Mark, at 
 Buffalo. 
 
 Jacob Morian was bom in Germany, March 22, 1782, and came to the 
 United States in 1801 or 1802. He stopped the first year in Philadelphia, 
 and 'then removed to Lackawanna, Penn., where he was married to Lydia 
 Van Schoter. In 1807, he removed with his wife and two children to Dans- 
 ville, Steuben Co., N. Y. During his residence there, he served 6 months 
 in the war of 1812. In 1826, he came to Chautauqua Co.; and after a 
 brief residence in each of the towns of Hanover, Sheridan, and Dunkirk, he 
 settled, in 1830, in the north-west part of the town of Pomfret, on lot 34 of 
 tp. 6, where he died Dec. 7, 1862. His son Alexander resides on J:he same 
 place, at the railroad station bearing his name. The children of Jacob Mor- 
 ian were: i. William, who died at 5. 2. Katharine, born in 1807, and 
 resides in Dunkirk, unmarried. 3. Anthony, bom in 1809, and married, first, 
 Julia Ann Becker, of Dansville, in 1831, by whom he had 10 children, besides 
 one that died in infancy : William, who married Marilla Bronson, has 3 
 daughters, and resides in Cherry Creek ; Katharine, wife of Henry D. Slay- 
 ton, Berlin, Wis., and has a daughter ; Nancy, who was married, first, to 
 Charles Frost; second, to Albert W. Knapp, Cherry Creek, and has a daugh- 
 ter ; Jane, wife of Frank Winchester, Ellery ; Martha, wife of George A. S. 
 Kent, Cherry Creek; had 3 sons; Thomas H., who married Harriet Wamer, 
 Sinclairville ; Charles A., who married Haimah Goodrich, and resides in 
 Plum Creek, Nebraska; and has 3 children; Lydia, who married John H. 
 Wheeler, Schuyler, Nebraska, and has a son; Ann, who married John Brown, 
 resides in Nebraska, aiid has 2 children ; Julia A., aged 20, at home, unmar- 
 ried. Anthony Morian married, for his second wife, in 1868, Margaret H. 
 Ketchum, of Greene, Chenango Co., and resides at Cherry Creek. 4. John, 
 third son of Jacob Morian, married, first, Nancy McGrath, in Ohio, and had 
 a son and a daughter, the son living in Cherry Creek ; married, second, in 
 Ohio, Jane Pier, and lives in Virginia. 5. Margaret, unmarried, in Kansas. 
 6. Alexander, who married, first, Mariett Mclntyre, and lives in Pomfret, and 
 whose children are : Dana A., who married Lena M. Simmons, of Windsor, 
 Vt. ; lives in Buffalo, and is a conductor on the Buffalo & Washington railroad ; 
 James, who died at 6; Miranda, wife" of Frederick Koch, in Dunkirk ; Ben- 
 jamin W., who married Addie Widener; lives in Buffalo, and is a conductor 
 on the Lake Shore railroad ; Alexander T. ; Kitty M. ; and Caroline, who 
 
o 
 
 7 
 
^ 
 
 r'r- 
 
POMFRET. 489 
 
 died in childhood. Alexander Morian married, for a second wife, Mrs. R. 
 E. Widener, of Buchanan, Mich. 7. Thomas V. S., who married Clarinda 
 Wood, of Pomfret, and lives in Enterprise, Pa., and whose children are 
 Carlos C, who married Marian Gelson, and lives in Enterprise, and has a 
 son ; Elbridge O. ; Herbert T., who married Josephine Coffin, of Potsdam, 
 and has a son; Eva, unmarried; and Margaret A., who died at 8. 8. Lydia, 
 wife of Asa Whitney, Kansas ; has a son, William, married. 9. Jacob, who 
 died in Pomfret, unmarried, at 23, March, 1849. Jacob Morian, Sr., died 
 Dec. 7, 1862. His widow died April 4, 1869. 
 
 James Mullett was bom at Guilford, Vt., in 1781. His yOuth was spent 
 on his father's farm. He learned the trade of a cabinet-maker, and worked 
 some years at the business. In i8io, he removed to Fredonia, and was era- 
 ployed for a time in a store. This business also he abandoned, and com- 
 menced the study of the law in 18 13 or 18 14, with Hon. Jacob Houghton, 
 of Fredonia. He was admitted to practice in the court of common pleas, 
 Nov. 23, 1814; Zattu Cushing, first judge. He was licensed as an attorney 
 of the supreme court, Oct. 27, 1820 ; Ambrose Spencer, chief justice. He 
 was admitted as a solicitor in the court of equity, eighth district. Sept 3, 
 1823 ; Wm. B. Rochester, circuit judge. He was licensed as a counselor at 
 law in the supreme court, Feb. 27, 1824; John Savage, chief justice. He 
 was appointed district-attorney of Chautauqua county, Feb. 14, 1826; ad- 
 mitted to common pleas of Erie county, N. Y., June 4, 1827 ; Ebenezer 
 Walden, first judge ; licensed as a solicitor and counselor in the court of 
 chancery, March i, 1832; R. Hyde Walworth, chancellor. He was admitted 
 to the U. S. district court of the northern district of New York, as a solici- 
 tor, counselor, and advocate, Oct. 12, 1841; Alfred Conkling, presiding; and 
 appointed city attorney of the city of Buffalo, March 12, 1846. In 1823 and 
 1824, he represented Chautauqua county in the legislature. In 1846, he was 
 elected one of the justices of the supreme court, under the new constitution ; 
 and was reelected in 1850, and served from Jan., 1851, to Oct. i6, 1857, 
 when he resigned. As a lawyer and jurist, Judge MuUett is believed to have 
 had no superior in Western New York. At a meeting of the bar in Fredo- 
 nia, on the occasion of his death, resolutions were adopted, in which it was 
 declared, " That his high position at the bar resulted from untiring industry 
 and from a love of his profession, and a natural enthusiasm which made all 
 the treasures of his research and genius tributary to his purposes ; and th^t 
 his eminence on the bench was the result of his intuitive love of justice, his 
 natural power of discrimination, close investigation, and his varied legal 
 acquirements." 
 
 Isaac Norton, a native of Berkshire, Massachusetts, came from Vernon, 
 Oneida Co., to Pomfret in 181 5, and settled on lot 39, where now his son, 
 Elisha Norton, resides, 2 miles south-west from Fredonia. He had a daugh- 
 ter, Flavia, who married Solomon Grout, removed to Michigan, and died 
 there ; and a son, Elisha, above mentioned, who married Harriet Lowell, 
 and had 5 children: John, who died in 1866; Mark, who died in 1865 ; 
 
490 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 • 
 
 Ann, wife of Franklin Burritt, supervisor [1873] of Pomfret; Sophia, re- 
 siding with her father ; and Betsey, who died in Pomfret. 
 
 Philo Orton was bom in Tyringham, Mass., Sept 9, 1778, and removed 
 from Augusta, N. Y., in 1806, to Canada way. He was a practical surveyor. 
 He was supervisor of Pomfret from its organization in 1808 until 1819. On 
 the organization of the county, he watf appointed a judge, and served in that 
 office many years, discharging its duties with fidelity and general acceptance. 
 In 1840, he was chosen presidential elector from this congressional district, 
 and voted for William Henry Harrison for president. 
 
 Daniel J. Pratt, a native of Westmoreland, Oneida Co., and a graduate 
 of Hamilton College in' 1851, came to Fredonia, and taught in the academy 
 as assistant to Pro£ D. H. Cochran, since principal of the State Normal 
 school at Albany. At the end of three years, he became principal -of the 
 academy, and remained iri that position nearly ten years. After spending 
 five months with the army of the Potomac, in the service of the United 
 States Sanitary Commission, he accepted a situation as assistant librarian 
 in the ■ state library, and clerk of the board of regents of the University at 
 Albany, - ' 
 
 EkjijAH RisLEY, Sr., was bom Dec. i, 1757. He emigrated from Cazenovia 
 to Fredoaia, ia Apiil, xBioy, and settled on the west side of Canadaway creek. 
 He built d. £prHt<<Bin s^toui: half a mile below the Buffalo and Erie it>ad. He 
 was a soldi^of .^)<^t|N^Iution, and a pensioner at the time of his death, in 
 1841, aged ,^M"Sf* '3(1^ married to Phebe Bills, who was bora July 24, 1761. 
 They had't^^^QiJiieii; of whom 9 attained majority : i. Betsey, wife of Seth 
 Risleyj bOt^d|^4%the county. 2. Horace, who married Harmony Rood. 
 They reai(!nrl^»:Sninois, where he died. 3. Elijah, [see sketch.] 4. Phi- 
 /«M, , wife, ^^'JljS^uts Warren; both deceased. 5. Fanny, who married Jas. 
 Brighain%B^li*jie|iasHiBd. 6. Phebe, wife of Philip Fellows ; both deceased. 
 7. ^<>^Aj<ii t^Wa^Mi'fieo. A. French, merchant, Dunkirk, who died about 
 5 yearsajgoe^y^^p^^jljl^Jsiee sketch.] 9. Z«^/, who married Sophia Ann 
 Darling! bom;t^i||^m^^|edlar Rapids, Iowa. 
 
 Elijah RiSt«^;^^^|p*^ ^e abpve, was bom May 7, 1787, and came 
 to Fredonia in i^by.^', He col|itienced the mercantile business here in 1808 
 or 1809, being, as is believed, the first merchant in the place. In 1824, he 
 was elected sheriflf for three years from January following. In 1833, he 
 commenced the culture of gckrden seeds, which, in connection with his broth- 
 ers, William and Levi, was continued on an extensive scale for more than 
 20 years. In 1848, he was elected a representative to Congress. He also 
 .f^ttftined the rank of major-general of the state militia. Gen. Risley was 
 
 .^married to Nabby Brigham, of Pomfret He died January 10, 1870. Mrs. 
 
 ■ itisley still resides in Fredonia. Their children were : i. Florilla C, who 
 married Chauncey Tucker, a lawyer ; lately residing in Niagara Co. ; both de- 
 ceased. 2. Hanson A., [see sketch.] 3. Sophrona, wife of Chas. F. Matte- 
 son, of Fredonia; she died in 1875. . 4- Laurens G., who married Henrietta 
 Houghton, and resides at Dunkirk. ' 5. Delia, wife of Thos. P. Grosvenor, 
 
.jCct 
 
POMFRET. 491 
 
 of Buffalo, now of Dunkirk. 6. Minerva, wife of Frank Gushing, who died 
 about 1855 ; was son of Judge Zattu Gushing. 
 
 William Risley, son of Elijah, Sr., came to Fredonia with his father in 
 1807. He was bom Dec. 15, 1802. He was married, Jan. 28, 1828, to 
 Caroline Patrick, of Attica. His business has been milling, farming, and 
 horticulture. He had 5 children, of whom two daughters only are living : 
 Sarah C, who married Rev. Charles Areyi iWelf rector^gfi|feIohn's church, 
 Buffalo; zx^A. Julia C, wife of Edward HLv Lord, banfe^^^feork. 
 
 Hanson A. Risley, son of Gen. EUjali''-iUd<sy, M0^^^ Fredonia, 
 June 16, 1814; and was married to Harriet CiPOsbjr,.'da^^JPrbf Dr. Orris 
 Crosby, of Fredonia. Mrs. Risley died in WashJogt«v''& C, Sept 28, 
 1868. Mr. Risley is a lawyer by profession, and has ,^cticfe<J ip-Fredonia 
 and Dunkirk. He was appointed master in chancery by Gov. Seward. He 
 was elected county clerk in 1854 for three years; and was clerk of th^ assem- 
 bly in 1 861. In the time of the late war, he was supervising speciar agent 
 of the treasury department ; and after the close of the war, assistant solicitor 
 of the treasury until 1869. He resides in Fredonia. He has had 5 children, 
 of whom two daughters are living : Olive F. and Harriet D. ; both of whom 
 accompanied the late Wm. H. Seward in his " Travels Around the World." 
 The former, unmarried, was adopted as a daughter by Mr. Seward, and made 
 one of the executors of his will, and is known as Olive Risley Seward ; the 
 latter is the wife of Alfred Rodman, of Boston, Mass. 
 
 Noah D. Snow, son of Dr. Samuel Snow, was bofp at Boonville, Oneida 
 county, September 9, 1803. He came to Chautauqua county in 18 14. He 
 was elected sheriff of the county, in 1848, which office lie held for 3 years 
 from the first of January following. He died at Fredonia, Nov. 16, 1858. 
 
 Jonathan Sprague was a native of Smithfield,' Rhode Island ; and his 
 birth was signalized by its having occurred on the day of the adoption of the 
 declaration of American independence by the Continental Congress, July 4, 
 1776. He resided at Providence until he was about 24 years of age; from 
 which time he " followed the seas " in the West India trade about 7 years, 
 (the latter part of the time as master of a vessel,) until the time of the em- 
 bargo laid upon our shipping, a few years before the war of 18 12. He then 
 removed to Cooperstown, N. Y., and at Hartwick, in that county, formed a 
 company and built a cotton manufactory, of which he was the first agent. 
 In the fall of 1810, he came to this county, and took up about 600 acres of 
 land at and near the center of tp. 5, r. 11, now Arkwright. He returned to 
 Hartwick, was married to Susan, daughter of Eliphalet Dewey, Esq., and, in 
 March, 181 1, settled upon his land, being one of the earliest settlers of that 
 town. In 1812, he bought Benj. Barrett's tavern stand, subsequently known 
 as the Manton stand, 3 miles west fi-om Fredonia, where he resided most of 
 the time till his death. In March, 18 15, Daniel D. Tompkins being gov- 
 ernor, Mr. Sprague was appointed sheriff of the county, and held the office 
 two years, having been reappointed in 1817. In i8i6, he attempted to 
 arrest a desperate fellow named " Sam Parker," who threw a stone at him 
 
492 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 and hit him on the head, and prostrated him. Mr. Sprague lay insensible 
 for about three days, and was reported dead, and was so published exten- 
 sively in the papers. Parker was taken and committed; broke jail and 
 escaped ; was retaken in Pennsylvania by Mr. Sprague, accompanied by a 
 strong guard, and brought back to this county. He was convicted of forgery 
 and sentenced to imprisonment for life. A strong petition was afterwards 
 started in Pennsylvania, by Parker's friends, who were respectable and influ- 
 ential, and signe^'also by the governor of that state, asking for the pardon 
 of Parker, on th^condition that he should leave the state, and never return. 
 DeWitt Clinton, then governor, not knowing the man nor the circumstances, 
 granted the conditional pardon. Parker went to Canada, where he was soon 
 after drowned in the St. Lawrence river. 
 
 Jonathan Sprague had 9 children from his first marriage : Patty, Ruth, 
 Thomas, Philander, Sarah, Susan, Harriet, Jonathan, Jr., and Franklin. His 
 wife died Aug. 18, 1836. He married her sister, Harriet Dewey, in 1837, 
 who had 3 children, Mary, Henry, and Margaret, and died in 1842. All of 
 his children died before the year 1849, except three : i. Philander, who 
 married Hannah Bristol, and had a daughter, Martha, wife of Joseph Lockey, 
 of Red Wing, at present deputy commissioner of pensions, in the city of 
 Washington, where she died in 1874. Mr. Sprague removed to Red Wing 
 in 1866, where he now resides. 2. Harriet, wife, first, of Judge Benj. F. 
 Green, of Fredonia, and after his death, was married to James J. Humason, 
 and lives in Fredonia. 3. Mary, who was the wife of Rev. Dr. Edward R. 
 Wells, of Red Wing, now Bishop of Wisconsin, residing at Milwaukee. Mrs. 
 Wells died at Red Wing, Oct. 12, 1874, leaving three children, Exlward, 
 Samuel, and Pauline. Jonathan Sprague died at the residence of his son 
 Philander, near the old homestead, 3 miles west fi-om Fredonia, August 22, 
 1857. His father was Hezekiah Sprague, and was lost at sea in 1793. 
 
 Emory Force Warren was bom in Eaton, Madison county, N. Y., Nov. 
 16, 1810. His parents were of New England origin, and came to this coun- 
 ty in February, 18 19, and settled in Charlotte. His early life was spent on 
 his father's farm, where he acquired the rudiments of an English education 
 in the district school; and after he had attained to his 18th year, he taught 
 winter schools for Several seasons. In May, 1831, he commenced the study 
 of law in the office of Hon. Richard P. Marvin in Jamestown. In Novem- 
 ber followii^, he went to Kennedy's Mills; and in March, 1832, he was 
 elected a justice of the peace to fill a vacancy, and the next year for a full 
 term of four years. He was married, Dec. 24, 1833, to Timandra J. Sackett, 
 daughter of David Sackett, an early settler of the county. In May, 1834, 
 he returned to Jamestown, and resumed his place in Judge Marvin's office ; 
 and at the June term of that year was admitted to practice in the court of 
 common pleas, and has continued the practice of law to the present time. 
 In 1839, he was admitted as an attorney in the supreme court, and in due 
 course took the degrees of counselor in that court, solicitor and counselor in 
 chancery, and all the degrees entitling him to full practice in the district and 
 
Z- ■U-L-'VJ ' 
 
 y- 
 
 L C tc I 
 
t^i-t vL^ 
 
POMFRET. 493 
 
 circuit courts of the United States in the northern district of New York. In 
 1840, he was appointed examiner in chancery by Gov. Seward. In 1842 
 and 1843, he was a representative of the county in the assembly. In 1845, 
 he compiled "Sketches of ,th6,HistoiiyrOi' -Chs^utauqua County," whicji were 
 published by J. WarreJl Fletche?, theo-f>uiblii^iet'';of the Jamestown Journal, 
 1846. Early in the latter yeat.he removed to Stockton, on account of de- 
 clining health, and spent the season 00 a farm ; and' in the autumn took up 
 his residence in ginclairville, < and i'esuqied the ptactice.of his profession. 
 He was appointed postmaster there in 1849, and held the office until near 
 the clcvse of President Fillmore's term, when he resigned. He held the 
 office of surrogate from Jan. i, 1851, for the term of four years. Early in 
 1856, he removed to Fredonia, where he has since continued to reside. He 
 held the office of excise commissioner for the county, from 1861, for 8 years. 
 In 187 1, he was elected county judge for 6 years, and is still in office. He 
 was a whig in politics during the existence of that party, and, on the organ- 
 ization of the republican party, took his place in its ranks, where he still 
 remains. 
 
 Dr. Squire White was born at Guilford, Vt, Nov. 20, 1785. He came 
 at an early age, with his father, into Chenango county, in this state. His 
 advantages for education were diligently improved. By his patient study, 
 he laid the foundation of those literary tastes which his habitukl reserve pre- 
 vented him from publicly displaying, but which were, through life, in moments 
 of relaxation, a source of the highest gratification. He studied medicine in 
 the office of his brother, Dr. Asa White, in Sherburne,. N. Y., and in the 
 office of Dr. Joseph White, of Cherry Valley, at that time one of the most 
 celebrated physicians and surgeons in the state, and whose often expressed 
 opinion of the high attainments and sound medical judgment of his pupil, 
 is of the most flattering character. He came to Fredonia in i8o^ and is 
 said to have been the first licensed physician in the county. He soon ac- 
 (fuired a large practice, of which his numerous friends would not permit him 
 to divest himself; and for many of the last years of his life, his services 
 were in most instances rendered gratuitously. He was noted for the depth 
 of his medical knowledge, the clearness of his observations, and his nice 
 discrimination in everything relating to his profession. An old physician of 
 the county, after an intimate acquaintance with him of nearly forty years, 
 said of him : " He was esteemed by the pioneer settlers as a good physician, 
 humane, attentive to their calls, and extremely lenient to his customers. 
 He was never avaricious." Though indifferent to political preferment, he 
 held several important offices. On the organization of the county in i8n, 
 he was appointed surrogate, which office he held for two years. He vas 
 elected three times to the assembly, being a member in the years 1830, 183 1, 
 and 1832. He consented also to serve as supervisor of Pomfret in 1838 
 and 1839. Dr. White was twice married; first, tp Sally, daughter of Heze- 
 kiah Barker, October 28, 1813. They had four children : i. William D., a 
 lawyer, who married Susan Blanchard ; resides at Fredonia. 2. Devillo A., 
 
494 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 who married Lainira Jones, and resides in Fredonia. 3. Julia S., wife of 
 Hon. Francis S. Edwards, lawyer at Fredonia, where she died. He is now 
 in Dunkirk. 4. Edwin, who died in infancy. Mrs. Sally White died July 
 13, 1823. Dr. White married, second, Lydia, daughter of Judge Gushing, 
 August 24, 1826. Their children were : i. £lien D., wife of Col. Stephen 
 Morgan, and, aft^r his death, the wife of Joseph Quetting, and resides in 
 Brooklyn, N. Y. 2. George If., who married Ellen E. Pierce, and resides 
 in Fredonia. 3. Mary S., who died at the age of 9 years. Dr. White died 
 April 2, 1857. 
 
 Churches. , 
 
 The Baptist Church at Fredonia dates its organization Oct. 20, 1808, and 
 is believed to be the second church organized in the county; the Presbyte- 
 rian church at Cross Roads, [now Westfield,] being the only one claiming an 
 earlier date. As early, however, as Nov., 1805, Zattu Cushing and a few 
 other Baptists, "five brethren and four sisters," as the record says, " thought 
 proper to meet on Lord's days, to recommend the cause of Christ, and con- 
 firm each other in the faith." These nine persons are supposed to have been 
 Zattu Cushing, Wm. Gould, John Van Tassel, Benjamin Barrett, Eliphalet 
 Bumham, Rachel Cushing, Rhoda Burnham, Sophia Williams, and Silence 
 Barto. March 14, 1807, they entered into covenant, and to hold regular 
 monthly meetings. In the winter following, Elder Joy Handy, from Brook- 
 field, Madison Co., settled at the mouth of Canadaway creek, and a year or 
 two after, removed to the " Canadaway settlement," now Fredonia, on the lot 
 afterwards the residence of Dr. Squire White. Sept. 8, 1808, articles of faith 
 and a covenant were adopted ; and Oct. 20, 1808, a council of ministers, 
 called for that purpose, met at Mr. Cushing's, where the brethren and sisters 
 were examined and received into fellowship — 16 in number. Passing over 
 a period of five years, during which the records are defective, we find that 
 on Nov. 9, 1813, Judge Cushing was chosen deacon. In 181 6, Ebenezer 
 Webster was elected to that office, and Judge Cushing licensed to preach. 
 In December, 1816, Elijah Devine was elected deacon, and in April, 182 1, 
 Nathaniel Crosby. In August, 1822, Rev. Elisha Tucker was called to be 
 the third pastor, who visited eastern cities to solicit money to finish the old 
 meeting-house — the old frame edifice — the first, it is beheved, that was built 
 in the county. The present brick church was built on the same site about 
 the year 185 1 or '52. In June, 1829, a portion of this church was set off, 
 and organized at Laona, as the " Second Baptist Church in Pomfret" This 
 is now extinct. In 1830, a portion of it formed the Dunkirk Baptist church. 
 In 1839, a division occurred in relation to their pastor, John F. Bishop. In 
 Feb., 1848, the churches were reiinited. Rev. Joy Handy was the principal 
 supply from 1808 to 1822; Jirah Cole to 1836; Beriah N. Leach to 1838 ; 
 then John Bishop about one year, when the division took place. He con- 
 tinued pastor of one division several years, though he resigned as pastor in 
 1840; but his resignation was not accepted by that mvision. He afterward 
 left, and was succeeded by S. P. Way and Bliss C. Willoughb'y until the 
 
POMFRET. 495 
 
 reunion in 1848. Pastors of the other division: A. C. Barrell, Judah L. Rich- 
 mond, Alfred Handy, and Ebenezer Loomis. Both organizations claimed to 
 be the First Baptist Church of Pomfiret. After the reunion, Ebenezer Web- 
 ster, John Hamilton, and Joel R. Parker were elected deacons. Ministers 
 since the reunion have been A. Kingsbury, Charles N. Chandler, Alonzo 
 Wheelock, George G. Downey, A. C. Barrell, Howard M. Jones, Charles 
 Thompson. The present brick church edifice was dedicated July 7, 1853. 
 
 The Presbyterian Church of Fredonia was organized Sept. 29, 18 10; Rev. 
 John Spencer, a missionary, being present and officiating, and preaching a 
 sermon. The church was formed as Congregational, but a few years after- 
 ward, adopted the Presbyterian form of government. Mr. Spencer preached 
 to the church and congregation a portion of the time until January, 181 7. 
 The names of the persons who constituted the church at the time of its or- 
 ganization, are the following : Benj. Barnes, Isaac Barnes, Norman Goodwin, 
 Mark Stacy, Hannah Loomis, Lucina Goodwin, Ruth Barnes, Israel Loomis, 
 Samuel Marsh, Asa French, Phebe Risley, Persis Chadwick, Mrs. Lydia 
 Goulding, who was admitted Jan. 27, 181 1, is still living, [1874.] Her hus- 
 band, Timothy Goulding, died in Sheridan in 1873, at the advanced age of 
 91 years. From 1811 to 1814, inclusive, only 12 were added, of whom 6 
 were of the name of Lovejoy. In 1816, Joseph Plumb, and in 1821 his 
 brother Ralph, united. [These brothers are noticed elsewhere.] Until 
 about 1824, this church included all Presbyterians residing in Dunkirk, 
 among whom were Sarah, wife of Dr. Williams; Lucy, wife of Daniel G. 
 Garnsey, and others. For many years, meetings were held in school-houses 
 and such other rooms as could be obtained. In December, 1819, the 
 society was formed under the statute. It was voted by the meeting that 
 there be nine trustees ; but the first vote on the record is declared to be the 
 election of Gilbert Douglas to supply the place of Joseph Rood. Six others 
 were then elected : John Crane, Benjamin Douglas, Henry Abell, Thomas 
 G. Abell, Solomon Hinkley, Harvey Durkee. Other early trustees were Jo- 
 seph Plumb, Jacob Houghton, James Sage, Isaac A. Lovejoy, Samuel Marsh, 
 Elisha Shepard. Samuel Sweezy was installed pastor, March 13, 181 7; Wm. 
 Page, Sept., 1823; dismissed, Aug. 1826; Wm. Bradley, installed Jan., 1834; 
 dismissed Nov., 1837; Sylvester Cowles, installed Feb., 1839; dismissed 
 1840. The following also have been pastors : David D. Gregory, Stephen 
 M. Hopkins, Augustus Pomeroy, Sabin McKinney, Daniel Clarke, (6 yrs.,) 
 Edwin S. Wright, (14 years,) A. L. Benton, present pastor. The congrega- 
 tion has also been supplied for short periods of time by Jos. W. McMaster, 
 Abiel Parmele, R. Rudd, and others. Feb. 17, 1835, it was voted to build 
 a meeting-house, 52 by 56 feet, and to be three years in building; and that 
 the site be on the hill, nearly opposite James MuUett's, unless, etc. Pay- 
 ments for the pew ground, Jan. i, 1821, 1822, and 1823, 5 per cent in cash, 
 and the residue in produce. The site decided upon was the half acre nearly 
 opposite James Mullett's. 
 
 Trinity Church, at Fredonia, was organized August i, 1822, Elijah Risley 
 
496 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. ' 
 
 presiding at the meeting. The name and style of the organization was "The 
 Rector, Church Wardens, and Vestrymen of Trinity Church at Fredonia."" 
 Michael Hinman and Watts Wilson were elected church wardens ; Jonathan 
 Sprague, Abiram Orton, Joseph Rood, Abraham Van Santvoord, Benjamin 
 Douglass, Nathan Hempsted, and Joseph G. Henman, were elected vestry- 
 men. The church was received into union with the convention of the Pro- 
 testant Church of the state of New York, October 15, 1822. Rev. David 
 Brown became pastor of the church, in March, 1823. In April, 1823, 
 Michael Hinman and Watts Wilson were chosen church wardens ; Israel 
 Smith, Joseph Rood, Elijah Risley, Jonathan Sprague, Joseph Skinner, Jacob 
 Hempsted, and Benjamin Douglass, were elected vestrymen ; Jacob Hough- 
 ton was chosen secretary of the vestry; Jonathan Sprague, treasurer. In 
 June, 1833, a committee was appointed ; and a church edifice was completed, 
 and ready for consecration, early in 1835. Present rector, W. O. Jarvis. 
 
 The First Protestant Methodist Church of Fredonia was organized, July 3, 
 1859, at a meeting of Methodists in favor of a representative form of govern- 
 ment ; Oren C. Payne, of the Genesee Conference, present and officiating. 
 Names of the first members were Philemon and Chloe Studley, Merit and 
 Elizabeth Waller, Lucius L. and Eunice Woodworth, Esquire S. Woodworth, 
 Samuel and Philena Mills, Smith S. and Elizabeth Wilber, Charles Pettit, Jane 
 Williams, Almon and Emma Smith," Lyman C. Marsh. First class leader, 
 Almon Smith ; stewards, L. C. Marsh, L. L. Woodworth. The society was 
 organized pursuant to the general statute, Feb. i, i860; Almon Smith, chair- 
 man; O. C. Payne, secretary. The trustees elected were Lucius L. Wood- 
 worth, Almon Smith, Philemon Studley, Lyman C. Marsh, Merit Waller. 
 Rev. Oren C. Payne has been the regular pastor of this church from its or- 
 ganization till the present time, [1873,] with the exception of one year, when 
 he was president of the Genesee Conference, during which year the church 
 was served by Rev. Isaac Fister, M. D. In 1861-2, Rev. Isaac Cole, and 
 during the year ending Sept. 25, 187 1, Rev. A. H. Marsh, were associated, 
 as pastors, with Mr. Payne. 
 
 The Baptist Church zX Laona was organized in June, 1829. Among its 
 active members were Seth and Wm. Higgins, Joseph Davis, Azariah Gardner, 
 and Daniel Saunders. A meeting-house was erected in 1835 ; but the society 
 was feeble and soon dwindled away. Its place of worship went to decay; 
 and the ground it occupied is now a portion of the village cemetery. 
 
 A meeting-house was erected at Laona, in 1839, by a society of Christians. 
 Its prominent members were Nathan Hatch, Justus Hamngton, and Barzillai 
 Ellis. The society soon became insolvent ; and its house was sold at a 
 mortgage sale to Barzillai Ellis. It was afterwards owned occasionaHy by 
 Justus Harrington and Levi Baldwin) and by the latter transferred to a 
 society of Spiritualists, and is now under its control. Among their prominent 
 members are George Rood, Alanson C. Straight, and Levi Cowden. 
 
PORTLAND. 497 
 
 PORTLAND. 
 
 Portland was formed from Chautauqua, April 9, 1813. The bounds, as 
 described in the act, are precisely those which include the present towns of 
 Portland, Westfield, and Ripley. So rapid was the increase of the population 
 in this part of the county, that, for the more convenient transaction of busi- 
 ness, a division of the town became necessary; and, by an act of the legisla- 
 ture, passed March i, 18 16, the town of Ripley was erected, comprising all 
 the territory lying west of Chautauqua creek. In 1829, the town of Westfield 
 was formed with its present boundaries, restricting Portland within the east 
 and west lines of range 13, and reducing its area a Uttle below that of an 
 average township. Like other lake towns, the surface is level along the lake 
 shore. In the center and the western part it is hilly. Its streams are small, 
 most of them rising in the highlands within the town, and flowing into the 
 lake. The largest is Slippery Rock creek, which rises in the south-east part 
 of the town and the town of Pomfret, and, passing east of and near the 
 village of Brocton in a north-westerly direction, falls into the lake about 2 
 miles below that village. The Little Chautauqua creek, which rises in the 
 town of Chautauqua, enters Portland about 2 miles from its south-west cor- 
 ittr, and, near the said corner, reenters Chautauqua, and unites with the prin- 
 cipal branch of the Chautauqua a short distance south of the village of 
 Westfield. The soil is described as a clay and gravelly loam. Although the 
 upland is uneven, and in the south-west part somewhat broken, it is well 
 adapted for grazing and general agricultural purposes. Dr. Taylor in his 
 History of Portland, says : " On this ridge the soil is mostly a heavy clay 
 loam, but well adapted for the purposes of agriculture, the south part more 
 especially for grazing and dairying, and the north for grain and fruit growing. 
 Some idea may be formed of its value for the purposes of general agriculture 
 firom the fact, that the state assessors have placed it in the first of the four 
 classes into which the towns of the county have been divided by them ; there 
 being but three others in the same class, viz., Hanover, Pomfret, and Sheri- 
 dan ; and no one stands in advance of it in the average valuation of real 
 estate, considered with reference to the purposes named." 
 
 Original Land Purchases in Portland, Township j". 
 
 1804. May, James Dunn, 25, 30, 31, 34, 35. 
 
 1806. June, Benj. Hutchins, 37, 41. July, David Eaton, 37. Nathan 
 Fay, 25. Ehsha FajViZS- October, Peter Kane, 38. 
 
 1808. February, Tnomas Klumph, 37, 41. 
 
 1809. June, Rufus Perry, 33. July, John Price, 39. Peter IngersoU, 41. 
 October, Philo Hopson, 27, 33. November, Jeremiah Klumph, 19. Dec, 
 Martin Potter, 12. Robert Sweet, 21. 
 
 1810. February, Absalom Harris, 33; [sold to Jeremiah Potter.] Rachel 
 Perry, 33. March, Daniel Barnes, 3, 4. June, Nathan Fay, 12. 
 
 181 1. May, Elijah Fay, 20. July, William Hutchins, 41. 
 1813. December, HoUis Fay, 13. 
 
 32 
 
498 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 1814. September, John R. Gibson, 13. November, Roe Goldsmith, 5, 6. 
 
 1815. April, Moses Sage, 2, 6, 4, 14, 21. Jethro Gerry, 32. 
 
 1816. January, Augustus Soper, 12. February, Wm. Corell, 36. May, 
 Samuel Geer, 8. July, Wm. Dunham, 27. Calvin Barnes, 32. Isaac Bald- 
 win, 36. October, Solomon Coney, 42. Lewis Hills, 3. Elijah Fay, 42. 
 
 1817. March, Oliver Spafford, 22. Simon Burton, 22. Elijah Fay, 40. 
 Jacob Houghton, 7. April, Seth Ensign, 32. Gillett Bacon, 40. May, 
 Isaac Baldwin, 40. June, Martin Smith, 45. July, Asa Brooks, 2. Jewett 
 Prime, 16. September, Zadoc Martin, 2, 3. 
 
 1818. April, George A. Hitchcock, 16. May, James Bennett, 32. Moses 
 Titcomb, 16. 
 
 1820. January, Jewett Prime, 21. 
 
 1821. October, Wm. Harris, 18. Joseph Harris, i8. Wm. Harris, Jr.. 
 18. David Hurlbut, 18. Sylvester Andrews, 18. 
 
 1822. February, Sophia Williams, 24. Wolcott Colt, J7. September, 
 Seth Shattuck, 10. December, John Corning, 14, 15. Wm. Corning, 14. 
 Joshua Crosby, 14. 
 
 1823. September, Isaac Howe, 10. 
 
 1824. Januar}^ Rufus Moore, 11. February, Samuel Anderson, Jr., 28. 
 October, Joseph Gibbs, 42. Hollis Fay, 42. Nov., Amos C. Andrews, i. 
 
 1825. November, Joshua S. West, 17. 
 
 1826. April, Isaac Denton, i. 
 
 1827. July, Samuel Thayer, Jr., 23. 
 
 1828. September, David Dean, 2. December, James Bennett and others, 
 II. Isaac Sage and others, 11. Frederic Comstock and others, 11. 
 
 1829. February, Oliver Elliot, 28. March, Henry Mumford, 15. 
 
 1830. September, William Case, 13. Lewis Chamberlain, 13. 
 
 1831. May, Lemuel Thayer, Jr., 23. 
 
 Origitial Land Purchases in Township 4. 
 
 1810. March, Jerry Bartholomew, 63. April, Leonard Vibbard, 62. 
 Perry Hall, 62. 
 
 181 1. March, Benjamin Hutchins, 62. September, Wilder Emerson, 55. 
 
 181 2. Novepiber, Josiah Gibbs, 14. 
 
 1815. March, Perry Hillard, 61. May, William Stetson, 55. John T. 
 Mclntyre, 55. Ethan A. Owen, 54. 
 
 1816. March, Jonathan Burtch, 62. May, Calvin Hutchins, 46. June, 
 Jeremiah Klumph, 47. Archibald Ludington, 46. Thomas Klumph, 47. 
 July, Jacob W. Klumph, 47.- Oct., Joseph Babcock, 48. Nov., Benjamin 
 Hutchins, 54. James Barnes, 54. Asa Fuller, 48. Timothy Carpenter, 48. 
 
 1817. Feb., Reuben B. Patch, 61. Jedediah Thayer, 61. Stephen 
 Smalley, 48. April, Elisha Rogers, 60. Wm. Cotton, 47. Gideon Jones, 
 45. May, James Lee, 47. Aug., Lewis Macomber, Stephen B. Macomber, 
 38. Oct., Erastus Andrews, 40. Nov., Brewer H^U!)ell, 40. 
 
 1818. July, Zuriel Simmons, 31. August, Reub^B. Patch, 60. 
 
 18 1 9. January, Perry Hall, 39. August, Aaron fiall, 60. 
 
 The first settler in Portland was James Dunn from near Meadville. The 
 date of his purchase, as appears from Holland Company's books, is May 31, 
 1804, although it is said he did not settle on his land till 1805. Dr. Taylor 
 says, " he located about eleven hundred acres near the center of the town, in 
 1804, before the town was surveyed into lots." From the list of original 
 
PORTLAND. 499 
 
 purchases, given on a preceding page, it appears that the lots he selected 
 were 25, 30, 31, 34 and 35. As five whole lots would greatly exceed r,ioo 
 acres, it is evident that only parts of some of these were taken. The north- 
 ern bounds of lots 25 and 31, barely include the village of Centerville; and 
 the west line of lots 34 and 35 is about 2 miles west from the village ; the 
 whole purchase lying on both sides of the Buffalo & Erie road for 2 miles, 
 more or less. Mr. Dunn also took up lots or parts of lots 19 and 38 ; but 
 these he probably never articled, as they are marked on the book "reverted." 
 He built his " shanty," in 1805, on the west part of lot 31, near the Lake 
 Shore & Michigan Southern railroad ; his family consisting of himself, his 
 wife, and six children. A few months later, he built another hut or shanty 
 on the east side of the road leading from school-house No. 8, near the junc- 
 tion with the main road, on land now owned by John Dudley. In 1806, he 
 built a larger log house on the rise of ground near the present residence of 
 Mr. Dudley, on lot 30, and in 1808 opened a tavern, on the road surveyed 
 by James McMahan in 1805 — the first road laid in the county — running 
 immediately south of it. 
 
 It is believed no other person settled in the town before 1806. The pre- 
 ceding list of original purchases will show the dates at which they were 
 respectively made. The \vriter would here repeat what has been elsewhere 
 stated, that the disagreement between the statements of men respecting the 
 dates of settlement, is such as to render it inexpedient to attempt to give 
 them in the order in which the settlements were made. It was therefore 
 deemed proper to give only the dates at which the purchases were perfected, 
 as recorded on the Company's books ; stating, however, that, although in 
 most instances the lands were occupied at, or very soon after, the dates of 
 purchase, there were not a few who did not settle upon them for a year, or 
 perhaps two years after the purchase ; and occasionally a purchaser never 
 occupied his land, but suffered it to revert to the Company. In numerous 
 instances, too, men settled on lands a year or more before their contracts 
 were perfected. And there were still others who took articles who never 
 came upon their lands, but sold their claims to those who became actual 
 settlers ; but whose names, consequently, do not appear on the land-office 
 books. Dr. Taylor having been himself for many years a resident of Portland, 
 he has had the means of attaining greater accuracy in the dates of settlement 
 of persons in the town, than could be done by any non-resident. 
 
 The first town-meeting in Portland, then comprising the present towns of 
 Portland, Westfield and Ripley, was held at the house of Jonathan Cass, in 
 the village of WestMd, April, 18 14. The following are the names of the 
 officers elected : 
 
 Supervisor — Thomas Prendergast. Town Clerk— h.ia. Hall. Assessors — 
 Jonathan Cass, Oliver Stetson, David Eaton. Com'rs of Highways — John 
 Post, Wm. Bell, James Parker. Collector — Samuel Dickson. Com'rs of 
 Schools — Robert Dickson, Jabez Hurlbut, David Eaton. Iftspectors of 
 Schools — Elijah Hayden, Amos Atwater, James Parker. Constables — Sam- 
 
500 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 uel Dickson, Asa Hall. Overseers of the Poor — James Montgomery, John 
 
 Brewer. 
 
 Supervisors from 1814 to 18 J4. 
 
 Thomas Prendergast, 1814. David Eaton, 1815, '16. [The next year 
 Ripley was taken off, and Portland extended only to Chautauqua creek.] 
 David Eaton, 1817, and 1833 to '35 — in all, 5 years. Thomas B. Campbell, 
 1819 to '26. Elisha Arnold, 1827, '28. [After 1828, the town of Westfield 
 having been formed, Portland was reduced to her present size.] Elisha Ar- 
 nold, 1829, '31, '32 — in all, 5 years. Nathaniel Fay, 1830. Asa Andrews, 
 1836, '40. Timothy Judson, 1837 to '39, '42, '43, '46, '47, '49, '52 to 54— 
 II years. John R. Coney, 1844, '45, '51. Ebenezer Harris, 1848. Asa 
 Blood, 1850. Charles A. Marsh, 1855. Darwin G. Goodrich, 1856, '58. 
 R. D. Fuller, 1857. Horace C. Taylor, 1859, '61, '62. Gurdon Taylor, 
 i860. Albert Haywood, 1863, '64. Joseph B. Fay, 1865, '66. Alfred 
 Eaton, 1867, '68. Joseph E. Harris, 1869. Theodore S. Moss, 1870 to '74. 
 
 The first blacksmith in the town is believed to have been Luther Crosby, 
 in 1 81 6. His trade was that of gunsmith, but " worked at blacksmithing for 
 the accommodation of the settlers." Simon Burton, Jr., also in 1816, is 
 believed to have been the second, near the mouth of Shppery Rock creek. 
 
 The first wagon-maker who settled in ths town, was Cotton Nash, the first 
 settler at Centerville. 
 
 The first shoemaker was David Eaton, who, as will be seen elsewhere, fol- 
 lowed the business as a trade for many years. It was here a secondary busi- 
 ness, doing probably only his own work, and a little for some of his neighbors, 
 as was done in those days by many others. 
 
 A book-bindery, we are informed, was established at Centerville by Vashni 
 Millet, in 1844, in a building occupied for some years by D. Tallman, as a 
 tavern and dwelling, and now by G. W. Munger as a blacksmith shop. It 
 was removed in 1848 to Fredonia. When it is known that few villages of 
 ten times the population of Centerville at that time can not sustain a book- 
 bindery, deserving the name, it is not easy to account for keeping one "run- 
 ning " there for four years. 
 
 The first store in Portland is said to have been opened in 181 7, by Thomas 
 Klumph, son of Augustus [probably Augustine'] Klumph, in the west part of 
 the town, on the farm now owned by Chester Munson. It was kept in a small 
 room in one comer of his father's log house. Very few goods were kept ; 
 yet small as the store was, it was a convenience to the settlers. It was con- 
 tinued about two years. A second store was opened iii 1830 by Abiel and 
 Frank Silver, about a mile east of the former. In 1^32, they sold to Wm. 
 Curtis and E. Tinker, by whom the store was continued until 1834. 
 
 The first store in Brocton was opened in 1830, by Daniel Ingalls and Jo- 
 seph Lockwood, in the building now owned by J. E. White, and occupied by 
 C. O. Furman. That no store was established there until twenty-five years 
 after the first settlement of the town, may appear to many somewhat strange. 
 As late as 1835, when the post-office was first established there, "the terri- 
 
PORTLAND. 501 
 
 • 
 
 tory," says Dr. Taylor, " where now stands the village of Brocton, was little 
 else than a swamp ; " and he mentions all the buildings then there, the num- 
 ber being very small. He says, further, "There was little about the Corners 
 to invite settlers or to make it a center of population ; yet, through the un- 
 yielding energy and perseverance of those particularly interested, it was soon 
 made a point of interest and the business center of the town." 
 
 White and Lockvvood were succeeded by B. F. Post, who bought Dr. 
 Tngalls' portion of the goods; and Lockwood removed his to Centerville. 
 The building now owned and occupied by J. B. Haywood as a store, on the 
 north-west corner, was built b.y E. R. Southwick, in 1836, and in 1837 was 
 bought and occupied by A. S. Moss and G. B. Fay as a store. In 1839, it 
 was purchased by Ransom S. Morrison, and occupied as a store by him 
 singly and in partnership, until i860; his brother Orrin being a partner 
 from 1840 to 1845, and A. S. Moss from 1846 to 1858. Dr. Taylor gives 
 the names of numerous other firms, bringing down the list to the time of his 
 writing ; but the want of room forbids their insertion here. 
 
 At Centerville, we find Thomas Klumph, in r832, with a store of goods, 
 the first in that place — a larger stock, doubtless, than that with which he 
 started in 18 17 in the west part of the town. He continued trade here until 
 1837, when he removed West. Joseph Lockwood, as has been stated, went 
 with goods to Centerville from Brocton, in 1833. Among the later merchants 
 have been S. C. Riley, Amos Barton, Fuller & Barnhart, P. Mericle, A. J. 
 Mericle, Isaac Shattuck, and others, who alone, or as members of firms, have 
 been in trade there. ' 
 
 There have been three asheries in Portland. The first was put in opera- 
 tion by John R. Coney, in [818, between Brocton and Portland Center. A 
 pearling oven was attached ; and Coney's ashery was, for ten years, the great 
 center of trade in ashes. Another was established in 1830, by Abiel Silver, 
 for the manufacture 'of potash only. It was on land now owned by Henry 
 S. Munson. It was run by Silver two years, and continued two years longer 
 by Wm. Curtis. Neither of these asheries, it would seem, was connected 
 with a store. R. S. & O. Morrison, merchants, established an ashery at 
 Brocton, in 1843, to which a pearling oven was attached. It was run about 
 ten years. 
 
 Portland, like almost all other towns, has had its cider-mills and distilleries. 
 Of the former, two are mentioned ; the first, built by Calvin Barnes, in 1824 ; 
 the second, by Dea. Elijah Fay, at Brocton, in 1830, which is still standing. 
 The great change in the drinking custom has rendered mills of this class 
 nearly useless. A single one in each town, confined to its proper use, would 
 hardly be deemed a nuisance. Three distilleries have been built in the town. 
 The first, by Ethan A. Owen, in 1817 ; the second, by Simeon Whitcomb 
 and Orris Perkins, in 1819; the third, by Silas Houghton, in 1824 or 1825, 
 near the falls in Slippery Rock creek. It is creditable to the town to state, 
 that all of them were short lived ; and that the first two are represented as 
 "small affairs." 
 
502 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUC^UA COUNTY. 
 
 ■ 
 A more valuable industrial " institution," now becoming quite common, 
 
 has been introduced into this town. A cheese factory was established by Dea. 
 A. L. Blowers, in the west part of the town, in 1866, at a cost of $2,000. 
 What have been the products of this factory the last few years, is not stated ; 
 but it is presumed they have been increased since 1870, when it turned out 
 22,000 pounds, from 27,500 gallons of milk; the value of the cheese amount- 
 ing to $3,300. 
 
 The first tavern in the town was opened by James Dunn, as elsewhere 
 stated, in 1808. Peter Ingersoll opened a tavern in 1809, on the " McKen- 
 zie farm." It was kept by different persons for many years. ' The first tavern 
 kept in a frame house was the Williams tavern, built where a log tavern had 
 been burned, near where Lincoln Fay resides. It was sold to Henry Abell, 
 in 1814, and by him, in 1815, to Richard Williams, an early settler at Fre- 
 donia, who kept it as a tavern until his death, in 1822. The taverns in Port- 
 land have been numerous. In the. History of Portland, sixteen are noticed, 
 including the Jones Temperance House at Brocton, by E. L. Jackson and 
 Milton Jones, in 1839, which was continued but a few years. The "Ex- 
 change Hotel" at Brocton was built in 1835, by Samuel Hall and E. R. 
 Southwick, for a store and dwelling. It was subsequently enlarged and 
 opened as a tavern. It has passed through the hands of many proprietors, 
 A. M. Hunt having kept it for a longer period than any other — from January, 
 1850, to April, 1865. D. Morey is its present owner. This is the only 
 public house kept in the town. 
 
 A great change in tavern-keeping, as in many other kinds of business, has 
 been wrought within the last thirty or forty years. During the tide of emi- 
 gration to the " great West," and when the mode of conveyance was by 
 teams with wagons and ox-sleds, a tavern every few miles along this great 
 thoroughfare was necessary. But since the means and mode of locomotion 
 of yore were superseded by the " iron horse, whose sinews are steel and 
 whose provender is fire," most of the taverns have disappeared from the 
 roads most traveled. 
 
 Although Portland is favored with no large streams of water, there are 
 probably few towns in the county in which the mills have been more numer- 
 ous. When the country was new and covered with forest timber, the smaller 
 streams furnished water sufficient to propel saw-mills a considerable portion 
 of the year; and nearly every water-fall was improved. But as the timber was 
 removed, the streams diminished, until there are few which carry water enough 
 to operate machinery of any kind. The earliest saw-mills in Brocton are said 
 to have been built about the same time ; one by Wm. Dunham, on what is 
 called Dunham's creek, commenced in the fall of 1816 ; the other, by Moses 
 Sage, on Slippery Rock creek, at Brocton. It is believed that the former was 
 commenced first, and that the latter was earliest in operation. Dr. Taylor, 
 in his History of Portland, gives a list of 2 1 saw-mills f arried by water. On 
 but two or three of the sites of these mills, are there now mills running any 
 part of the year. Several steam mills have been built in later years ; but of 
 
PORTLAND. 503 
 
 these, the mill built by Samuel Crandall at Brocton in 187 1 is the only one 
 now running. 
 
 Several water grist-mills were built at a comparatively early period, but they 
 have generally shared the same fate as the saw-mills. A good grist-mill, 
 owned by Wm. Whaland, is now in successful operation at Brocton. The 
 " Brotherhood " steam-mill was built two years ago near Brocton station, for 
 grinding feed, which is furnished in large quantities. 
 
 The first tannery in this town was built as early, it is said, as in 1807, by 
 James Parker, on the farm of David Eaton. As may be supposed, the busi- 
 ness at so early a day, was small ; and the establishment was a cheap and 
 rude one. The vats were dug from the trunks of trees, and the beam house 
 was a log shanty. It was continued but about two years. Another was 
 started about 1820 by John Town on lot 34, tp. 5. This also was a cheap 
 concern, and was continued but a few years. Kinne's tannery was built in 
 Brocton about the year 1826. It was sold in 1830, or '31, to Joshua Jackson. 
 Only a few remains of it are to be seen. The Brocton tannery, built in 1836 
 by J. C. Haight and Harvey Williams, in connection with a grist-mill, is the 
 only tannery in town. It is owned at present by J. N. Porter and J. H. 
 Haight. 
 
 A carding-machine, the only one ever built in this town, was put in opera- 
 tion at Portland Center, by Orrin Ford, in 1825. The first roll was carded 
 by Jared Risley. Machines of this kind, once deemed indispensable to the 
 welfare of nearly every family, have disappeared with the decline of household 
 manufacturing. Only here and there is to be found one, as an appendage to 
 some other establishment, and designed to accommodate the few octogena- 
 rian ladies who wish to keep their " hand in," so far at least as to do the 
 "knitting" for the family. Those who know the superiority of the articles 
 made from yarn spun and knit by hand, would rejoice to have the lives of 
 these old grandmothers prolonged for time indefinite. 
 
 The first school in Portland was taught in a small log building near the 
 dwelling of Jacob Dunn, in the spring of 18 10. The building had been 
 erected a year or two before, but for what purpose is not known — probably 
 for that for which it was subsequently occupied. The first school is said to 
 have consisted only of six or seven children of its founder at its commence- 
 ment ; but " soon a few others were allowed to send their children by paying 
 a proportion of the teacher's wages." It would seem more probable that the 
 few others would have been solicited to join in the support of the school. As 
 settlers had been coming into the neighborhood for five years, there must have 
 been a considerable number of children of school age ; as is presumed from 
 the fact that "a school-house was built the same summer or fall by voluntary 
 effort on the part of the settlers.'' Anna Eaton taught the first school, in the 
 summer of 1810 ; and Augustine Klumph taught the first and only school in 
 the new school-house, in the following winter. Being near the site of the 
 " old stone school-house," and its location inconvenient for the settlers, it 
 was abandoned, and another built in 181 1, near the present residence of 
 
504 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 J. S. West. This house, though built of logs, was used until after a new fraoie 
 house was built in the summer of 1817. 
 
 A town library was established in 1824, under the act of 1796, authorizing 
 the incorporation of library associations. A society was formed, entitled 
 "Portland Library." The act was signed by 27 persons, and $100 were 
 subscribed for the purchase of books. Seven trustees were elected : Cephas 
 Brainard, Nathaniel Fay, Jesse Baldwin, Parsons Taylor, John R. Coney, 
 Ebenezer Harris, David Eaton. The formation of this association, and the 
 liberal subscription for the library, evince a high appreciation of useful 
 knowledge. Few of these early settlers had enjoyed the advantages for 
 acquiring a good school education ; and they wisely provided for supplying 
 the deficiency by a course of useful reading. Among the men who have 
 shed the brightest luster upon our country, are many who have thus qualified 
 themselves for the high and honorable positions to which they attained. 
 With the increased facilities for learning enjoyed by the present generation, 
 there has not, it is believed, been a corresponding increase of available, 
 practical knowledge. Every school district is furnished with a free library ; 
 but that a large proportion of the families avail themselves of this means of 
 information, is questionable. A division of time between school studies and 
 the reading of judiciously selected books, would greatly promote the general 
 diffusion of useful knowledge. 
 
 Portland has attained a high rank among the towns of the county in fruit- 
 growing and grape culture. Capt. Dunn, David Eaton, the Fays, and other 
 early settlers, set out orchards as soon as sufficient '' clearings " had been 
 made. In this, hovvever, they did not differ from the settlers in other towns. 
 Hence it is deemed unnecessary to speak at length of their orchards, though 
 they were scarcely excelled by any in the county. It is the cultivation of 
 the grape and the manufacture of wine for which this town has become dis- 
 tinguished. 
 
 The grape was iiitroduced in this section by Dea. Elijah Fay as early as 
 18 18. After a trial, for several years, of different varieties without success, 
 he introduced, in 1824, the Isabella and the Catawba, which proved to be 
 well adapted to the soil and climate. From his crop of 1 830, he made from 
 five to eight gallons of wine, the first made from the cultivated grape in 
 western or even central New York. The old stocks of these pioneer vines 
 were healthy and productive, until the winter of 1872-3. One of them had 
 been trained a distance of no feet, and in 187 r yielded 160 pounds of fruit. 
 The severity of the winter of 1872-3 materially injured them, and they are 
 in part removed. The family, it is said, have still a few gallons of wine of 
 the vintage of 1847. For the last four years of his life, Mr. Fay is supposed 
 to have made nearly 300 gallons a year. His cellars contained 1,500 gallons 
 at the time of his death, in i860. 
 
 In 1859, Joseph B. Fay, Garrett E. Ryckman, and Rufus Haywood, built 
 a wine house on ground obtained of Dea. Fay; and 2,000 gallons were made 
 the same fall. It was soon found that not only the gravelly soil was adapted 
 
PORTLAND. 505 
 
 to the culture of the grape ; but vineyards were planted in other parts of the 
 town. The increase of fruit enabled the company to increase their manu- 
 facture, until, in 1865, it reached 16,000 gallons. Fay retired from the firm 
 in 1862. Ryckman & Haywood continued the business until 1865. 
 
 In 1865, iMke ShoreWine Company was formed with a capital of $100,000, 
 which went into operation in April. Timothy Judson was president of the 
 company; J. B. Fay, secretary; and Albert Haywood, superintendent. They 
 bought of Ryckman & Haywood their stock of 17,000 gallons of wine, and 
 their other wine interest for $38,000. The present wine house of Ryckman, 
 Day & Co. was built the same season. The enterprise was unsuccessful. 
 The company became involved ; the property was sold to pay their indebted- 
 ness ; and was bought by G. E. Ryckman and R. B. Day, who became the 
 owners of the property in i868. 
 
 Ryckman, Day & Co. commenced business the first of June, 1868. They 
 purchased at the sale of the Lake Shore Company's property, 24,000 gallons. 
 The storage capacity, which was 40,000, has been increased to 120,000 
 gallons. In 1870, about 200 tons of grapes were manufactured, and a like 
 number in 187 1, a large portion of which came from northern Ohio and cen- 
 tral New York. The product in 1870 was 45,000 gallons ; in 187 1, 42,000. 
 They had at one time in their cellars, in 1872, 85,000 gallons. The enter- 
 prise is said to be a successful one. 
 
 The Empire Vineyards of Ralph D. Fuller, of Portland Center, were com- 
 menced in 1862, and have been increased to 12 acres. He manufactured 200 
 gallons of wine in 1867; in 1871, 10,000 gallons. In 1873, ^e had at one 
 time in his cellars 14,000 gallons. 
 
 Thomas Quigley commenced the raising of grapes for market in 1858. In 
 1863, he made 20 to 30 gallons of wine; in 187 1, 3,000. A few others have 
 made smaller quantities, but only as a necessity from the low price of fruit. 
 In 1873, the number of acres set to grapes in Portland was about 600. 
 
 There is in Portland a " peculiar institution,'' probably the only one of its 
 kind in the United States. It is called the " Harris Community." Its mem- 
 bers disclaim aflnnity with societies generally so called. They style them- 
 selves the " Brotherhood of the New Life," a society better known in Europe 
 than in America. Mr. Thomas L. Harris, their head and center, admits that 
 " in one sense the Brotherhood are Spiritualists," but they reject the general 
 mediumship and constant intercourse with the spirit world, as profitless, dan- 
 gerous, and even profane. " In another sense," he says, " the Brotherhood 
 are Socialists;" by which he seems to mean, " the association of noble and 
 cultivated souls in every industrial and human service.'' They do not re- 
 nounce the domestic relations. He says: "Marriage, the family, and proper- 
 ty, that triad of institutions, most menaced by the revolutionary and distinc- 
 tive spirit of the age, are held by them of infinite authority and universal 
 value.'' f 
 
 Mr. Harris, of Amenia, Dutchess Co., N. Y., with a few chosen friends, 
 purchased, in 1867, nearly 2,000 acres of farm lands, in Portland, chiefly on 
 
506 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 the lake border, where they are engaged in the usual operations in agriculture, 
 as, the wholesale pressing and shipping of hay ; the general nursery business ; 
 and the manufacture and sale of pure native wines, more especially for 
 medicinal use. They are laying out a village which they have named Salem- 
 on-Erie, designed to be a business center. Dr. Taylor says : " They cut and 
 secured, in 1872, about 1,000 tons of hay from their own premises, and pur- 
 chased from outside parties about 250 tons, of which 850 tons were pressed 
 and sent to market; the remainder used by them and sold near home." And 
 according to Mr. Harris' own statement, their product of wines has been 
 from 1 5,000 to 23,000 gallons annually. The grapes from which the wine is 
 manufactured, are in part raised by them, and in part obtained by purchase. 
 This part of their business is done under the name of the " Lake Erie and 
 Missouri River Wine Company." 
 
 Biographical and Genealogical. 
 
 David Eaton was bom in Framingham, Mass., Feb.'2, 1872. He was the 
 oldest son of Benjamin and Mary Eaton, and the fifth of ten children. His 
 father was a shoemaker ; and David was put upon the bench at the age of 
 nine years. When eighteen years of age his father died ; but he continued 
 the business and supported the family until he was twenty-two ; yet he found 
 time to store his mind with useful knowledge. In 1805, with Nathan Fay, 
 he visited the "Purchase," and explored the lake region, and returned. April 
 20, 1806, he married Elizabeth Home; and in May, accompanied by his 
 wife, mother, and youngest sister, Nathan Fay and family, Elisha and Nathan- 
 iel Fay, started for the West, with a span of horses and a covered wagon. 
 His wife being in feeble health, they were obliged to stop for rest at New 
 Hartford, where she died. Leaving his mother and sister there, he came to 
 Portland, and located the land on which he afterwards settled, and where he 
 lived until his death, nearly 67 years. Having built a log house and cleared 
 two acres of land, in October he removed his family from New Hartford. 
 The following winter was a very severe one. The mills at Westfield being 
 frozen fast, he had to prepare his com for food with a mortar and pestle. 
 His mother kept house for him until 1811, when he married Mrs. Mercy 
 Fay, widow of Nathan Fay. His sister, who taught the first school in town, 
 as elsewhere stated, continued teaching until 18 15, when she married and 
 moved to Whitestown. His mother died in Oct., 1848, aged 95 years and 6 
 months. His wife died May 12, 1862. Mr. Eaton died Oct. 7, 1872, aged 
 90 years and 8 months. 
 
 Mr. Eaton was not only an estimable and highly respected citizen, but 
 rendered his town and county valuable service. He served his country in 
 the war of 1812, and was wounded in the battle of Queenston. [See War 
 History.] He was assessor of the town of Chautauqua in 1809; and clerk 
 of the board of supervisors ^rom 1820 to '27, and for the years 1831 and '32. 
 He was supervisor of the town for 6 years, and chairman of the board in 
 1815 ; and was for several years a justice of the peace. He was appointed 
 
(Xy7A-<..-^C^ O^C^-^CiTr)^ 
 
PORTLAND. 507 
 
 superintendent of the poor in 1844, and held the office 6 years. He had 5 
 children : i. Edwin, who married Caroline P. Baldridge, of Fredonia, and 
 resides at Frewsburgh. 2. Emily, wife of Josiah Wheeler, of Frewsburgh ; 
 both deceased. 3. Alfred, who married Hannah C. Clark ; settled in Wis- 
 consin, and now resides on the old homestead, in this town. 4. Oscar, who 
 married Louisa A. Kennedy, of Steuben county ; removed to Michigan, 
 and thence to Forest Grove, Oregon. 5. Darwin G., who was a graduate 
 of the state normal school at Albany ; subsequently one of its teachers ; and 
 thence transferred, nearly thirty years ago, to the Packer Institute in Brook- 
 lyn, where he is still professor of mathematics and natural sciences. He 
 was married to Ann J. Collins, of Steuben county, Oct. 2, 1850. 
 
 Fay Families. — ^There were among the early settlers in Portland five 
 families of this name, whose respective heads were Elijah, Elisha, Nathan- 
 iel, Hollis, and Nathan. All but the last named were brothers, the sons of 
 Nathaniel Fay, who never came to Chautauqua. 
 
 Elijah Fay was born in Southborough, Mass., Sept. 9, 1781, and was 
 married to Lucy Belknap, of Westborough. They came to Portland in 181 1, 
 in a wagon drawn by a yoke of oxen and a horse, and were forty-one days 
 on the road. He settled on lot 20, township 5, the whole of which he had 
 previously located, containing 179 acres, about one-half th^ area of an or- 
 dinary lot. He occupied his first cabin Jan. 1, 181 2. His house needs no 
 other description than to say, that it was one of the rudest of the rude. 
 Three-legged stools made of split slabs served for chairs for about three 
 years. A better house was built about a year after the first, and the first was 
 used for a barn, and the space between the two closed up for a threshing 
 floor. Three years later, another house was built, which the family occupied 
 until 1 83 1, when the house now on the farm was built. Pages might be 
 filled with the relation of a mOst interesting pioneer experience of this family, 
 but which we are compelled to omit. Mr. Fay was regarded as one of the 
 best of the good men who peopled this town. He was prominent among 
 the founders of the Baptist church, and one of its early deacons. Deacon 
 Fay died Aug. 23, i860 ; Mrs. Fay, Jan. 18, 1872. They had 3 children : 
 
 1. Clinton S., who married Almira A. Clark, and who resides on a portion 
 of the homestead. He is a deaf mute from disease in early life. 2. Lydia 
 E., wife of Lawrence F. Ryckman, who died July 22, 1873. 3. Joseph B., 
 who married Maria M., daughter of Isaac Sage, and after her death, Martha 
 Haywood ; now lives in Topeka, Kansas. 
 
 Elisha Fay, a brother of Elijah, was bom in Framingham, Mass., June 
 
 2, 1783. He came to Portland in June, 1806. He came with his brother, 
 Nathaniel, both unmarried, and Nathan (not a brother) and his family. He 
 settled on lot 25, on which he has lived 67 years, though for some time 
 since the death of his wife as a boarder with his sons. He went to Massa- 
 chusetts in 1807, and returned to Portland with his wife, Sophia Nichols. A 
 new log house was built, which they occupied until 1828, when the stone 
 house was built. Mr. Fay served in the war of 1812, and was in the battle 
 
508 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 at Black Rock and Buffalo. He is the oldest actual settler in the town now 
 living. He was an early member of the Methodist Episcopal.church ; after- 
 wards of the division called Wesleyan. Mrs. Fay died in October, 1850. 
 His children were : i. Lincoln, who married Sophrona Peck, and lives on the 
 farm located by Nathan Fay in 1806. 2. i?^(//if, who died at 23. 3. Charles, 
 who married Laura A. Hall, and lives -on a part of the old homestead. 4. 
 Otis N., who married Emeline Van Tassel, and lives about two miles south- 
 east from Centerville. 
 
 Nathaniel Fay came to Portland in 1806, with his brother Elisha, and 
 in 1810 located a part of lot 12, tp. 5; the land now owned by his son 
 Franklin. He married Lydia, daughter of Calvin Barnes. He was elected 
 supervisor in 1830, and held several other town offices. He ser\"ed in the 
 war of 1812, and was at the battle of Black Rock.- He died May 15, 1853 ; 
 Mrs. Fay, Sept. 4, 1872. Their children were : i. Mary Ann, wife of Orrin 
 Brainard, who settled first in Arkwright, and afterward in Pomfret, where 
 she died in 1854. 2. Franklin, who married Catharine Bowdish, and lives on 
 the homestead. 3. Nathaniel, who married Nancy Bowdish, and settled in 
 Stockton, and is now a Methodist minister in Penn. 4. Lucy, who died at 1 7. 
 
 HoLLis Fay came to Portland with his brother Elijah in 181 1. He first 
 bought land on ^hich the east part of Brocton stands. This he sold in 18x5 
 to Moses Sage, and bought part of lot 42, in the north-west corner of the 
 town. For three years he lived alone in a log cabin. In 1818, he went to 
 Massachusetts and married Phebe Mixer, and removed west with an ox team 
 and covered wagon. Their wagon was their sleeping room, and the road 
 side their kitchen and dining room. They were six weeks on the way. In 
 185 1, they removed from their farm in Portland to Concord, Erie Co., where 
 Mr. Fay died in July, 1868, and Mrs. Fay in October following. They were 
 buried in the Westfield and Portland Union Cemetery. They were members 
 of the Baptist church. They had 3 children, one only surviving infancy : 
 Roxana E., wife of Edmund Ellis, who died in 1857. Mrs. Ellis resides in 
 Concord. 
 
 Nathan Fay, son of Nathan Fay, was born in Southborough, Mass. In 
 1805, he and David Eaton made a prospecting tour through Portland, on 
 foot, with knapsacks, returning through the south part of the county. In 
 May, r8o6, he came with his family, David Eaton and others, to this town, 
 and settled near where Lincoln Fay resides. He was married in Massachuselte 
 to Betsey Clemens, who died in 1807 ; hers being the first death in Portlaria 
 In 1809, he married Mercy Groves in Oneida Co., and in June, 1810, he died. 
 He had 7 children, of whom the last only was bom in Portland, i. Hattie, 
 wife of Simeon Guile, who settled in Wisconsin, and died there. 2. John, 
 who married Nancy McClintock ; settled in Westfield, and died in Illinois. 
 3. Nathan, who married and died in Michigan. 4. Cutting, who went south, 
 and is supposed to be dead. 5. Willard, who left home, and has. not been 
 heard from. 6. Esther, who died in Ripley about 1865. 7. Betsey, wife of 
 „Samuel Morehouse, and lives in Missouri. 
 
^.r. 
 
 a^/L^:rp 
 
PORTLAND. 509 
 
 Joshua La Due was born August 2, 1794, at Auburn, N. Y., where he 
 was married, in 1816, to Julia Ann Cowles. In March, 1826, he removed to 
 Sherman, then a part of the town of Mina, having, the year before, built a 
 log house on land he had taken up in January, 1825. He resided there many 
 years. He was elected supervisor of Mina, before the erection of Sherman; 
 and he held for many years the office of justice of the peace. He afterwards 
 removed to Westfield, where, in 1846, he was appointed keeper of the light- 
 house at Barcelona, which position he held for three years. He resided in 
 the towns of Sherman, Westfield, and Portland, where he died, September i, 
 1865, aged 71 years. His widow still resides there. They had 13 children: 
 Bethana, was married to More Titus, is a widow, and resides in Portland ; 
 Fidelia, to Ichabod Thayer, Westfield ; Uriah S., to Mary J. Morgan, Broc- 
 ton ; her husband deceased ; Clarissa, to James Caldwell, Chautauqua ; 
 Albert D., to Ann E. Slayton, Kansas City, Mo.; Jay, to Jeanette Buell, 
 Rochester, Minn. ; Mabel, to Leroy Wilcox, both deceased ; Joshua, to 
 Harriet Goodrich, Clinton, Missouri ; Mercy A., to H. C. Kingsbury, West- 
 field; Ambrose, to Sarah Garrison, Mantorville, Minn.; Henry, who died at 
 1 6 ; Jerome, to Ada Wells, Westfield; LiUie, to Geo. W. Marsh, Portland. 
 
 Horace Cleftox Taylor, son of Bernice and Caroline Taylor, was born 
 in Montague, Franklin county, Mass., Nov. 20, 1813, and was the eldest of 
 six children. In May, 1827, he came with his father's family to Fredonia. 
 In 1833, he began a preparation for the ministry, but was diverted from that 
 course by poverty. He received his education in the common school and 
 Fredonia academy. He studied medicine at Salem Cross Roads, now Broc- 
 ton, and with Prof. B. L. Hill, of Berlin Heights, Ohio ; and attended med- 
 ical lectures at Cincinnati, O., at the E. M. Institute, in the classes of r848, 
 '49, and graduated in June of the latter year. He commenced practice at 
 Brocton, the same month, and has remained there, in the practice of his pro- 
 fession, to the present time. In religious sentiment he is a Presbyterian, and 
 has been a member of that order since 1831. In politics he is a republican. 
 In 1859, '61, and '62, he was supervisor of Portland; and, in 1873, he was 
 elected county superintendent of the poor, which office he now holds. He 
 has been U. S. examining surgeon for pension claims since October, 1865. 
 He is author of a history of the town of Portland, published in 1873. His 
 father died in Pomfret, April 10, 1853, aged 70 years; his mother, at Broc- 
 ton, July 18, r854, aged 67 years. Dr. Taylor was twice married : first, to 
 Eliza Jane Roff, Oct. i, 1835, who died May 13, 1846; second, to -^Fran- 
 ces Chambers, June r4, 1847. He had two children t^ each marriage; one 
 of each now living. 
 
 Churches. 
 
 The First Congregational Church of Portland was formed January 31, 1818, 
 at the house of John Churchill, Rev. John Spencer officiating. The original 
 members were John House, Wm. Couch, x\ugustine Klumph, Jabez Hurlbut, 
 David Eaton, John Churchill, Sylvester Churchill, Zachariah H. Price, Joan- 
 na House, Abigail Couch, Wilson Andrews, Andrew Kelsey, Frederick 
 
5IO HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 Couch, Mary Eaton, Louisa Hurlbut, Mercy Eaton, Keziah Andrews, Nancy 
 McClintock, — eighteen. For about two years, only occasional preaching and 
 the administration of the sacraments by Mr. Spencer were enjoyed. From 
 1820, Rev. Phineas Camp, a preacher at Westfield, and his successor, Rev. 
 Isaac Oaks, divided their time with the Portland church, preaching once in 
 three or four weeks at the latter place. The number of members had in- 
 creased to 38 in 1823, and at a. later period to 52. At about this time, a de- 
 clension commenced, which continued until the church had become virtually 
 extinct ; some of the members having united with the Westfield church ; 
 others having entirely lost their church connection. The society in connec- 
 tion with this church was formed pursuant to the statute of June 24, 1822, 
 and was styled " The First Congregational Society of the Town of Portland." 
 The first trustees were Frederick Couch, Wilson Andrews, and Wilder Emer- 
 son. On the 3d of March, 1833, the church was reorganized by Rev. 
 David D. Gregory and Rev. Timothy Stillman. The members of the new- 
 organization were Timothy Judson, Samuel Hall, and Abigail Thompson, 
 from the Presbyterian church of Fredonia ; Clark Gould, Elisha Cook, Cla- 
 rinda Cook, Alvin Cook, Catharine Cook, Eliza Cook, and Anson Driggs, 
 from the Presbyterian church, Westfield ; Nathan G. Jones and Mary Eaton, 
 members of the old church ; and Samuel Walker, Dana Churchill, and Min- 
 erva Churchill, formerly members of distant churches. Dana Churchill and 
 Alvin Cook were chosen deacons ; and Charles Gould, clerk. The new 
 " Congregational Society " required by the statute of 1813, was formed April 
 
 30, 1833- 
 
 The Methodist Episcopal Church is said to have been the second church in 
 Portland. The precise date of its organization is not ascertained. By the 
 efforts of Wm. Dunham and a few others, a class was formed in June, 1817, 
 by Rev. Godard, of the Chautauqua circuit, which extended from Cattarau- 
 gus creek to Erie, Pa. The members of the class were William and Lucy 
 Dunham, Isaac and Parthena Baldwin, William and Barbara Correll, Abiel 
 and Mary Flint, and Simon Burton. Soon were added, Elisha and Sophia 
 Fay, Parsons Taylor and Mrs. Taylor, and Mrs. Thompson. Another class 
 was soon after formed oil the south road. The classes met for a time in 
 dwellings and school-houses. Early class leaders were William Dunham, 
 Isaac Baldwin, and Elisha Fay. For the better accommodation of preachers, 
 the two or three classes were united. Meetings, for many years, were held 
 at nutated place, until a few years before the building of their first church 
 edifice. The society vx connection with this church was formed in 1822. 
 This society having lost its identity, and its acts become illegal from some 
 informality, it was reorganized Feb. 3, 1834, under the name of the "First 
 M. E. Society in Portland." The first house of worship was built at the 
 Center in 1835. A new house was built in 1868, at a cost of $7,000. A 
 parsonage was built by subscription in 1843. 
 
 In 1853, a portion of this church united with a class on " Harmon Hill," 
 and a church formed at Salem Cross Roads, now Brocton ; Rev. T. D. 
 
PORTLAND. 5 1 1 
 
 Blinn then being in charge. Their house of worship, standing in the east 
 part of the village, was built in 1853. * , 
 
 The First Baptist Church of Portland was organized Sept. 20, 1819, and 
 composed of 11 members : William and Rachel Harris, John and Deborah 
 Light, Sylvester and Erastus Andrews, Charles Morse, Phebe Fay, Sally 
 Sage, Sarah Mumford, and Anna Taylor. The meeting at which they were 
 set apart as a church, was held at the school-house in Brocton, and the coun- 
 cil called for that purpose was composed of Revs. Joy Handy, Pearson 
 Crosby, and Jonathan Wilson. Fifty-two were added to the church within 
 the first year, among whom were Elijah and Lucy Fay. Sylvester Andrews 
 was the first church clerk ; Elijah Fay and Sylvester Andrews the first dea- 
 cons. Elder Jonathan Wilson was the first pastor. For many years the 
 society had no permanent place of worship ; meetings having been held at 
 deacon Fay's and at school-houses, until about 1830 to '32, when they came 
 to be held pretty regularly at the Salem Cross Roads, in the school-house. 
 In 1825, the members residing at and in the vicinity of Westfield, organized 
 a " Branch of the Church of Portland," with limited powers and privileges : 
 Rev. Charles La Hatt, minister at Portland, presiding. [See Baptist Church, 
 Westfield.] Pursuant to a request of the members of this " Branch " church, 
 they were in 1831, by a council, constituted an independent church. The 
 First Baptist Society connected with the church, was organized April 6, 1822, 
 under the act of 1813, by which they became entitled to one-third of the 
 roo acres of what was called the " gospel land." Their first house of 
 worship was commenced in 1834, but not finished and dedicated until 1837. 
 The present commodious brick edifice was erected in 1867. Elders Jonathan 
 Wilson and Pearson Crosby ministered to this church until October, 1822, 
 when it was "voted to employ elder Charles La Hatt to preach one year 
 upon the following terms ; " to "find him a house and garden and firewood ; 
 move his family, and pay him $150 ; seven-eighths in produce at the country 
 price, proportioned to wheat at 75 cents per bushel; the remaining one- 
 eighth in cash." Did elder La Hatt accept this offer? It is presumed he 
 did, as he became their minister, and served them as pastor until 1838, 
 when he was dismissed ; but he preached more or less until about the time 
 of his death, in 1850. He was a German, and emigrated to America before 
 the Revolution. 
 
 The West Baptist Church of Portland was organized in 1842. At a meet- 
 ing of the mother church in March, for the accommodation of the tafembers 
 residing in the west part of the town, some of them 5 miles from their place 
 of woighip, a branch church, with limited privileges, was authorized. But at 
 a meeting in June, in answer to a request of the " branch," the first church 
 voted, that the said branch be allowed to become a distinct and separate 
 church. It was recognized as such by a council, June 22, 1842. The meet- 
 ings were generally held in the stone school-house until the completion of 
 the church edifice. The society connected with the church was formed in 
 September, 1842. 
 
512 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 A Universalist Society was formed, September 21, 1821, at the house of 
 Sijnon Burton. The " compact, or agreement," was signed by 14 persons : 
 Simon Burton, Oliver Spafford, Harry Mumford, David Joy, Ahira Hall, 
 Samuel Beach, 2d, Lyman Doolittle, Willard Burton, Hiram Burton, Moses 
 Joy, Walter Mumford, Zimri Hill, Slapp Hovey, James Charter. At a meet- 
 ing held on the 24th, a board of trustees and a clerk were chosen. About 
 a year afterward, a church was formed with 35 members ; and the rites and 
 ceremonies and order of worship, usual in churches of the order, were prac- 
 ticed for several years. A society was formed under the statute, March 4, 
 1824, styled "The Universalist Society of Portland." From a non-compli- 
 ance with some of the provisions of the statute, the society is said to have 
 lost its legal existence. Meetings, however, have been held with greater or 
 less frequency, as preachers have come upon the field. 
 
 A Protestant Methodist Church was organized in 1858, in the south-east 
 part of the town, by Rev. O. C. Payne, of Fredonia. The original members 
 were Wolcott Colt, Cliandler Colt, Mrs. Merab Colt, Sarah Colt, Joel S. and 
 Lydia Farnham, Piatt A. and Lucy Lathrop, Collins Haight, Nancy Porter, 
 Cynthia Kelly, and Cornelia Howe. No society was incorporated ; and the 
 church organization, after two or three years, was discontinued. 
 
 A Free-will Baptist Church was formed, many years ago, in the south 
 border of the town, and a house of worship built on " Chautauqua Hill," in 
 the town of Chautauqua. It has had no existence for many years. 
 
 RIPLEY. 
 
 The town of Ripley was formed from Portland, March, 1817. It is the 
 north-western town in the county, being bounded on the north by Lake Erie, 
 and on the west by the state of Pennsylvania. It contains an area of about 
 31,110 acres. Besides the usual dimensions of an ordinary township, six 
 miles square, containing an average of about 22,000 acres, there is a tract, 
 nearly triangular in shape, being 9 miles long, east and west, and from less 
 than I mile to nearly 4 miles in width, containing 9,000 acres, more or less. 
 The survey of the town into lots was irregular. A tract of 4,074 acres was 
 contracted for by James McMahan, in 1801, before the survey of the town- 
 ship iflte) lots. This tract extended from the east line of the present town of 
 Ripley, west to within about half a mile of Quincy, including the old Brock- 
 way farm. The south line of the tract, instead of running east an4 west, 
 runs nearly parallel with the lake shore and with the two roads which pass 
 through the tract, from its east to its west line. The tract is about 3 miles 
 long and 2 miles wide, having acute angles at the north-east and south-west 
 corners. To give a square form to the lots and farms, the lines forming the 
 boundaries on the east and west sides of the lots, were run at right angles 
 from the lake to the southern boundary of the tract. The lots were thus 
 
RIPLEY. 513 
 
 made square, or very nearly so ; and this plan of survey was carried through, 
 by the Holland Land Company, to the state line ; the south boundary line 
 of the McMahan tract having been continued, in the same direction, through 
 to the Pennsylvania line. The lots of this tract are not of uniform size. 
 The tier along the lake is narrower than the other two tiers, between which 
 the main road passes. The lots of the whole strip of about 2 miles in width, 
 from the east line of the town to the west line, are numbered from r to 27. 
 And the town containing a larger territory than an ordinary township, the 
 number of lots is 89 ; being 25 more than the number in an ordinary town- 
 ship 6 miles square. 
 
 Original Purchases of Lands in Ripley. 
 
 1804. October, Alexander Cochran, 10, 11. 
 
 1805. September, Nathan Wisner, 13. Samuel Harrison, 12. 
 
 1806. March, Asa Spear, 14. Josiah Farns worth, 19. Wm. McBride, 
 15. May, John Akers, 14. August, Wm. Crossgrove, 10. 
 
 1807. October, Stephen Prendergast, 16. 
 
 1808. June, Perry G. Ellsworth, 20. October, Andrew Spear, 20. 
 
 1809. Oct., Hugh Whitehall, 8. Noah P. Hayden, 8. Basil Burgess, 15. 
 
 1810. April, Jared and Solon Benedict and Elkanah Johnson, 17. July, 
 Richard W. Freeman, 9. 
 
 181 1. Septerriber, William Benson, 35. 
 
 1815. February, Gideon Goodrich, 24, 26. Al^. Cochran, 86, 87. 
 
 18 16. February, Robert Dickson and Wm. A. Judd, 45. March, Oliver 
 Hitchcock, 46. May, John Benson, 44. Samuel Truesdell, 89. James 
 Taylor, 89. July, Thomas Burch, 44. November, Wm. Burch, 43. Pliny 
 Colton, 88. December, Gideon Goodrich, 69. 
 
 1817. February, John Rowley, 62. Reuben Ellis, 12. May, Benajah 
 Rexford, 52. July, Benajah Rexford, 37. August, John Squire, 37. Nov., 
 Jedediah F. Bates, 81. 
 
 1818. September, Abner Sprague, 81. November, Phineas Royce, 36. 
 December, Chandler Wattles, 59. 
 
 18 1 9. April, John Gage, 64. November, David Royce, 36. 
 
 1820. April, Ansel Edwards, 60. 
 
 1821. Oct., Layton Bentley, 50, 51, 58. Henry Briggs, 60. Nov., Eli 
 -Shove, 36. Benj. C. Amsden, 36. David Jenkins, 51. Gurdon H. Wattles, 51. 
 
 1822. January, Alexander Berry, 28. October, John Haight, 34. 
 
 1824. March, Aaron Aspinwall, 85. 
 
 1825. February, Farley Fuller, 43. June, David Jenkins, 57. August, 
 [ohn C. Hunaford, 35. Daniel Shove, 35. November, Israel Palmer, 52. 
 
 1826. May, Admiral Burch, 45. Albert Scott, 20. Henry /fdams, 31 
 Lorenzo Palmer, 32. August, John H. Board, 44. Israel Palmer, 53 
 September, Luman Hopkins, 85. Joseph Thornton, 44. 
 
 1827. January, Charles Winter, 56. June, Daniel Lombard, 34. July, 
 Henry Adams, 30. August, Joseph Humphrey, 70. Robt. Dickson, 45 
 September, Oliver Stetson and others, 32. 
 
 1828. March, Peter Burch, 33. August, Judd W. Cass, 36. 
 
 1830. May, Allen Parker, 30. 
 
 1831. January, James Macomber, 42. February, John Thorp, 72. April, 
 Samuel Barnes, 43. May, George Ellis, 79. June, Wyman Hill, 53. Ga- 
 maliel Parker, 53. Hiram Winter, 48. Walter S. Burgess, 40. 
 
 33 
 
514 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 The earliest settler within the limits of the present town of Ripley was 
 Alexander Cochran, a native of Ireland, who settled on the farm on which 
 his son John now resides, a mile west of Quincy, where he resided till his 
 death. His nearest neighbor was Thomas Robinson, who settled the same 
 year on the west side of and adjoining the state line. 
 
 Mr. Cochran and several others who settled in the north part of the coun- 
 ty, resided for a few years in the county of Genesee, which was formed 
 March 30, 1802, and extended from the Genesee river to the west boundary 
 of this county. It then comprised four towns, three of them east of the 
 Holland Purchase, namely, Northampton, adjoining Lake Ontario ; South- 
 ampton, south of and adjoining Northampton; and Leicester, extending to 
 Pennsylvania north line. The fourth was Batavia, embracing the whole 
 Holland Purchase. 
 
 Most of the earlier settlers in Ripley located on the tract of James Mc- 
 Mahan, and bought their lands of him ; consequently we have no record 
 showing the dates of their purchases and settlement. The following are the 
 names of ekrly settlers on this tract, west from the east line of the town, some 
 of whom, perhaps, were not first purchasers. Charles Forsyth, where his son 
 John resides. William Alexander, from Penn., as early as 1806, near Ripley 
 Crossing; having bought about 500 acres, which comprises the four farms, 
 
 now owned by Alpheus Moore, Rickenbrodt, Alexander McHenry, and 
 
 Willis Royce. Wm. Dickson, brother of Robert, Sr., settled, about 181 5, on 
 the farm lately owned by Seth Ely. Farley Fuller settled on the farm sub- 
 sequently owned, in whole or in part, by Elihu Marvin and Frederick Ban- 
 dell. John Post kept a tavern early near where, later. Lemon Averill, and 
 still later, Elizur Webster, Jr., kept the Ripley House ; the farm now oWned 
 by Dwight Dickson. Basil Burgess, Sr., settled where John Smallwood re- 
 sides ; the farm since owned, successively, by Robert Dickson, Basil Burgess, 
 Sr., Henry Abell, and Elizur Webster, Sr. Thomas Prendergast bought, in 
 1805, the land on which Asa Spear had been previously settled, and after- 
 wards also the land on which Oliver Loomis had settled, and on which the 
 grandsons of Mr. Prendergast, and the late Wm. Hunt recently resided. 
 Burban Brockway bought several hundred acres of the McMahan tract, ex- 
 tending to the west hne of the said tract, on which he settled in 181 4. 
 
 West of the McMahan tract, on the Erie road, the following named per- 
 sons settled : 
 
 Perry G. Ellsworth, a native of New England, from Otsego Co., settled in 
 1804 or 1805, a mile west from Quincy, where he kept a tavern. He after- 
 wards resided east of and near Quincy. He was one of the earUest justices ; 
 died in Michigan. Asa Spear, from Vermont, settled on the farm he sold to 
 Thomas Prendergast. He removed to Quincy, where he kept a tavern, on 
 the site of the present Presbyterian church. He was an early justice ; died 
 in Ohio. Nathan Wisner settled early where John B. Dinsmore lately re- 
 sided. Elijah Hayden, from Dutchess Co., where William Willis resides. 
 He was a justice; removed to Penn. Samuel Truesdell, about 1805, settled 
 
RIPLEY. 515 
 
 near the state line, and was an early tavern-keeper, supposed to have been 
 the first in town. Jared Freeman, a native of Massachusetts, after having 
 resided at Auburn, N. Y., and Waterford, Pa., bought, about 1824, the tavern- 
 house built by Asa Spear in Quincy. He was an associate judge and post- 
 master. He removed to Batavia, 111., in 1843; thence, in 1847, to Racine, 
 Wis., and was treasurer of the county. He has since died. 
 
 Orrin and Anson Willis bought the farm previously owned by Elijah Hay- 
 den, where Wm. Willis, son of Anson, resides, on the Buffalo & Erie road, a 
 mile east from the state line. They lived together about 8 years, when Anson 
 bought out his brother, and owned the farm until his death. He died in 
 Quincy. Orrin removed to Indiana, where he died. Anson had 4 children : 
 Emeline, widow of Charles Dinsmore ; William, on the farm ; Ann, wife of 
 Scofield Waterbury, in Iowa ; and Mary, wife of John Wethy, with her mother 
 in Quincy. 
 
 The uplands of the town were generally settled considerably later than 
 those near the lake. The names of a large portion of them are given. Not 
 all of them were original purchasers ; nor has it been possible to ascertain, in 
 the case of many, whence they emigrated, and the years of their settlement. 
 
 In the east part of the town, Israel Palmer, Sr., in 181 7, settled on lot 52 : 
 the farm now owned by Lawton Johnson and Alpheus Burgess. Solomon 
 Abbey settled on lot 32, where now William Abbey resides. John and 
 Robert Abbey on lot 33, where they still reside. Thomas J. Claxton, on 32, 
 where Orson Eddy now lives. James Macomber, on 42, now owned by his 
 heirs. Reuben Downs, on lot 45 ; sold to Joshua Tinker, now owned by his 
 son, John B. Richard Baker, on lot 45 ; land lately owned by Thomas 
 Benson. Thomas Burch, on land owned by Silas Palmer. John H. Haight 
 settled on lot 34 ; the farm now owned by Daniel Lombard. 
 
 In the central part, Layton Bentley was an original purchaser of lot 58, 
 north part of lot 50, and the south part of 51, in all 710 acres; himself set- 
 tling on the south part of 58. Thomas Bentley settled on the north-east part 
 of 58, where later Thomas Clemens was, and Henry Alton now is. Layton, 
 son of Layton Bentley, resides on some of these lands. Gurdon H. Wattles 
 settled on 51, bought in Nov., 1819, near where his son Glover P. lately re- 
 sided. Ansel Edwards bought in April, 1820, a part of 60 ; Spafford Knowl- 
 ton and Daniel Deck are now on the lot Chandler Wattles, in Dec, 1818, 
 bought the east and west parts of 59 ; now owned by Adelbert and John 
 Newbury. 
 
 In the south part, Abner Bruce settled on lot 57, and built a. grist-mill and 
 a saw-mill; and is said to have done the work himself — carpenter and iron 
 work, and the dressing of the mill-stones. The mills were since owned by 
 Smith and Avery. Now no mills there. Seneca Pierce had a tannery at the 
 same place, long since discontinued. John Gage settled on lot 64, bought 
 in 1 819, where his grandson Hiram B. Stone resides. Charles Winter.bought 
 
 Jan., 1827, on lot 56 ; the land since owned by Graves. Peter Combs 
 
 settled on lot 56, bought in 1829, where Zebulon Sinden resides. 
 
5l6 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 In the south-east part, Henry and John Adams settled on the south part of 
 lot 31, bought by Henry at the office in 1826 ; the land now owned by the 
 heirs of John Adams. Daniel Clark bought, in May, 1819, a part of 28, 
 where now David Sheldon resides. John M. Healy bought the south part 
 of 27, where S. N. Sweezy now is. Alfred Palmer settled on 30, now owned 
 by Suel DeTvey. Albert Scott, on 29, bought in 1826, where now William 
 Scott (of another family) resides. John Atkinson bought early on lots 40, 
 41 J the land now owned by his heirs. Walter S. Burgess bought on 30, in 
 1831, where E. Colwell now resides. Ira Sturdevant, on lot 48, now owned 
 by Casper Imbury. William Mead, on lot 40, where now William Green re- 
 sides. David Sheldon settled on lot 28, where he still resides. His chil- 
 dren are Sarah, wife of Newell Sweezy, Ripley ; Helen, wife of Elmer Thorp ; 
 and Joel, both of whom reside in Oregon City, 111. 
 
 In the south-west part, Archibald Thorp settled on lot 71, where Henry 
 D. Clamphear lives. His sons, John and William, reside on lots 71 and 72, 
 and his son James on lot 87, near the steam saw-mill built by William Cum- 
 mings and Joseph Miller. Benjamin Colton, on 79, now owned by his son 
 Morgan. Northrop Smith, an early settler on 80, resides there still. Geo. 
 Tripp settled on 86, the land previously settled on by his father ; George, 
 also now deceased. Milo C. Hopkins settled on a part of 86 ; the land still 
 owned by himself. 
 
 In the west part, Stephen Eastman was an early settler where his widow 
 and son Charles reside, on lot 88. Wooster, on lot 82 ; the farm now owned 
 by his son David. Matthew S. McClintock was an early settler on 83, where 
 Alfred Greeley now lives. 
 
 In the north part, but still on the upland, James Burrows settled early on 
 lot 69, where his son Hiram resides. Another son, Alexander, Hves on the 
 lot [76] adjoini^ig on the west. 
 
 The first town-meeting in Ripley was held in the spring of 1816. A few 
 of the first pages of the records having been torn out, a complete list of the 
 town officers can not be giverL The following are known to have been 
 elected : 
 
 Supet^isor — Amos Atwater. Town Clerk — Moses Adams. Com'rs of 
 Highways — Alexander Cochran, Burban Brockway, Wm. Bell. Com'rs of 
 Schools — Elijah Hayden, Stephen Prendergast. 
 
 In 181 7, the following, a full list, were elected : 
 
 Supervisor — Thomas Prendergast Town Clerk — Moses Adams. Asses- 
 sors — Alexander Cochran, Stephen Prendergast, Amos Atwater. Overseers 
 of Poor — Burban Brockway, Alexander Cochran. Com'rs of Highways — 
 James McMahan, Francis Dorchester, Charles Forsyth. Constable and Col- 
 lector — Moses E. Stetson. Com'rs of Schools — Moses Adams, Amos Atwater, 
 Wm. B. Dickson. Inspectors of Schools — Gideon Goodrich, James Mont- 
 gomery, Wm. Bell. 
 
 Justices of the peace were not then elected by the voters of the towns, 
 but were appointed for the several counties by the council of appointment, 
 
RIPLEY. 517 
 
 at Albany. Their'first election by the people of the towns, was in the year 
 1826. Early justices in Ripley, though perhaps not the first, were Perry G. 
 Ellsworth, Burban Brockway, and Asa Spear. 
 
 Supervisors from 18 16 to i8yj. 
 Amos Atwater, 18 16. Thomas Prendergast, 1817 [and probably 1818, 
 record missing,] 1819 to '25, and '27 — 9 years. Ebenezer Ward, 1826. 
 Moses Adams, 1828. Henry Fairchild, 1829 to 1832. Orrin Willis, 1833, 
 '34. Gurdon H. Wattles, 1835, '36. Ethan Sawin, 1837, '38. Charles B. 
 Brockway, 1839, '40, '52, '57, '64 to '68 — 9 years. Hezekiah Mason, 1841, 
 '42. Moses A. Tennant, 1843 to '45, '47, '48, '53 — 6 years. Matthew S. 
 McClintock, 1846. Stephen Prendergast, 1849, '50. George Goodrich, 
 1851. Selden Marvin, 1854. Caleb O. Daughaday, 1855. Simeon Collins, 
 1856, '58 to '61, 'St, — 6 years. Henry A. Prendergast, 1862. Addison 
 Mason, 1869, '72. Lucius G. Hamilton, 1870, '71. Erbin C. Wattles, 
 
 1873. '74, '75- 
 
 A saw-mill, believed to have been the first in Ripley, was built by Richard 
 Baker and Robert Dickson, in 18 17, on the east branch of Twenty Mile creek, 
 about 3 m. south from Quincy. Sawing had been previously done near the 
 site of the " gulf mills," and at Westfield. Another saw-mill on the east 
 branch was built about i^ m. below the former, by Reuben Ellis, about the 
 year 1828. Soon after the building of Baker and Dickson's saw-mill, a grist- 
 mill was built at the mouth of Twenty Mile creek, in Penn. On the south 
 branch, a saw-mill was built, about 1824, by Abner Bruce, and soon after, a 
 grist-mill, at the same place. Harry Stone, about 1840, built a saw-mill 
 about Yi^ m. below. A steam saw-mill l^ m. from Westfield line, built by 
 Hazard Kendall about 1850, is still running, and owned by Benj. Christie. 
 A steam saw-mill was built on Bidwell creek, near its junction with the south 
 branch of Twenty Mile creek, about 1868. It was burned in 1872. Attached 
 to it was a machine for dressing barrel heads, and a mill for grinding feed. 
 About 1830, Jesse Smith and Joseph Cass built a saw-mill on the present 
 site of Charles P. and Wm. B. Young's mill, near the lake. A grist-mill was 
 also built there by John Calkins and Noadiah Kendall — not now running. 
 Also, about 1830, near the lake, about i}^ m. from Quincy, is a saw-mill 
 built by Ralph and Thomas Russell, now owned by Clark Aspinwall. Orren 
 and George Hopkins built, in 1871, a steam-saw mill, near the railroad, 2 m. 
 east of Quincy. It was burned about a year after, and rebuilt, and is removed 
 to Quincy. About 1872, Miller and Cummings built a steam saw-mill 3 m. 
 south of Northville [State Line], which is in successful operation. 
 
 The first store in the town is said to have been at State Line, kept by Be- 
 man & Bennett. The first store at Quincy was kept by Rappole & Keelcr, 
 in a house built by Asa Spear and Reuben Ellis, where the Presbyterian 
 church now stands. The building was afterwards used by Spear for a tavern. 
 It is now a part of the hotel building near the railroad. Merchants, after 
 Rappole & Keeler, were James Jackson, Don Carlos Barrett, Thomas 
 Klumph, and James Berlin. Present merchants — Palmer & Morris ; Lom- 
 
5l8 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 bard & Bennett. Hardware — George Morse. Druggists — Shaw & Brown. 
 Grocer— De Witt C. Stone. 
 
 The first regular physician was Alvin Ryan, at Quincy, about 1820 ; next, 
 
 Dr. Alden. Later, were Richard and William Stockton, Luther P. 
 
 Cowles, Simeon Collins, Harper Hopkins, George C. Bennett, Dr. Chase, 
 (eclectic,) Dr. Watson, Stephen H. Shaw. Present physicians, Elbridge G. 
 Symons, Dr. Heard. 
 
 The first tavern was kept near the state line by Samuel Truesdell, about 
 1807. The first at Quincy, by Elihu Murray. Inns were also kept early on 
 the Buffalo and Erie road by Perry G. Ellsworth, Oliver Loomis, Asa Spear, 
 and John Post; and later, east of Ripley church, by David Royce. The rail- 
 road hotel at Quincy, kept by E. M. Boswell, is the only public house in the 
 town. 
 
 'Y\iQ post-office vc^ Ripley was established about the year 1815. The office 
 was kept in the house of the postmaster, Robert Dickson, where John Small- 
 wood resides. He was succeeded by Burban Brockway, and the office was 
 removed to his house, one mile west. Moses Adams was next appointed, 
 and the office was removed to his house, near the place where it was first 
 kept. The office was next removed to Quincy, the name of Ripley remain- 
 ing unchanged, and John Rappole, the early merchant, appointed postmaster. 
 The office has since been held, by appointment, by Jared Freeman, Elisha 
 Bruce, Persis Bruce, his widow, Solomon B. Northum, Caleb O. Daughaday, 
 Austin Goodrich, and Charles W. Baird, the present incumbent. 
 
 Biographical and Genealogical. 
 
 Moses Adams was born in Amenia, Dutchess Co., March 9, 1784, and 
 settled, in 1809, on land previously owned by Basil Burgess, being a part of 
 the James McMahan tract, about one-fourth of a mile west of the old Pres- 
 byterian church, where he resided until 1853, when he removed to the village 
 of Westfield, where he died April 16, 1855. He was an early postmaster in 
 Ripley. His first wife was Annis Cochran ; his second, Clarissa Dickson, a 
 native of Cherry Valley, who still resides in Westfield. He had no children. 
 
 William Alexander, from Penn., settled, in 1806, in the east part of 
 Ripley, on the James McMahan tract, having bought upwards of 500 acres, 
 which, in 18 18 or 181 9, he sold to David Royce. His purchase com- 
 prised the present farms of Alexander McHenry, Alpheus Moore, son-in-law 
 
 of Royce, Rickenbrodt, and Willis Royce, son of David Royce, who 
 
 owns the homestead. Alexander was one of the early associate judges of 
 the county. He went down the Ohio river, and settled in the southeastern 
 part of Indiana or Illinois. 
 
 Silas Baird was bom in Vermont, Feb., 1775. He removed from Wash- 
 ington county, N. Y., to Ripley, about 18 11, and settled on a part of the 
 Brockway farm, one mile east from Quincy, and about 1813 in that village, 
 where he resided until his death, April 8, 1851. He was married to Handy 
 Roundy, who was bom in Vermont, Jan. 19, 1783, and died Jan. i, 1863. 
 
RIPLEY. 519 
 
 Benjamin F. Baird, son of Silas Baird, was born in Granville, N. Y., 
 June 26, 1805, and came to Ripley with his father, and also finally settled in 
 Quincy. He married Sarah M. Harrison ; and had by her 5 children who 
 attained mature age : John E., who resides in Iowa ; Mary R., in Michigan, 
 married ; Lucretia L., with her mother in Ripley ; Charles W., unmarried ; 
 served in the late war, and is postmaster in Ripley ; George W. D., who 
 married Amelia Tracy, and lives in town ; and Mary R., wife of Henry 
 Gebhard. B. F. Baird was from an early day a prominent and an efficient 
 member of the Methodist church ; and he was for about twenty-five years a 
 justice of the peace. He died March 11, 1874. 
 
 AzARiAH Bennett, from Saratoga county, settled, in 1825, on the lake 
 road, north of Quincy, and subsequently removed to the village, where he 
 ^still resides, at the age of 74 years. His son, George C, was a graduate of 
 the medical college at Castleton, Vt., after a second course of lectures ; a 
 previous course having been attended at Cleveland. After a successful prac- 
 tice of several years at Quincy, he removed to Erie. He died soon after, at 
 Ripley. 
 
 Burban BROCKVtTAY was bom at Lyme, Conn., March i, 1767, and was 
 the youngest of ten children. His elder brothers and father served in the 
 Revolutionary war. At the age of 18 years, he commenced a seafaring life. 
 At 23 he was married to Lois Anna Bostwick, of New Milford, and made 
 his home at Catskill, N. Y., and continued his chosen occupation, mostly in 
 the North river and coasting trade. In 1797, having made up his mind to 
 the pursuit of agriculture, he removed to Seneca, Ontario county, then a 
 wilderness, and commenced clearing the forest. In 1809, he united with the 
 Protestant Episcopal church at Geneva. In 18 14, he removed with his 
 family to Ripley [then Portland,] one mile east of Quincy, where he resided 
 until his death, Sept. 2, 1861. On the organization of St. Paul's church at 
 Mayville, he was made its senior warden, and subsequently was warden of 
 St. Peter's church of Westfield. He was an early postmaster in Ripley, 
 when the mail was carried by the post-boy on horseback. He also held the 
 office of magistrate, by appointment from Gov. Clinton. His wife was bom 
 in Connecticut, January 9, 1772, and died Nov. 26, 1859. They were mar- 
 ried May 27, 1790, and had 9 children: r. Henry William, who married 
 Sarah Gill, and removed to EUery, where he died, March 26, 1846, leaving 2 
 sons, Hobart and Heber, and a daughter, Harriet ; all residing now in EUery. 
 2. Eliza Ann, wife of Dr. Orris Crosby, of Fredonia. She died in Ripley ; 
 he in Wisconsin. 3. Horace, who married Eliza Morse, and was an early 
 merchant in Mina. He died in Ripley, May 10, 1835. They had 3 sons : 
 Henry, in Ripley ; Beman and Burban, in Oregon ; and a daughter, Mary 
 Ann, in Ripley. 4. Sally B., wife of Austin Goodrich, who had a daughter, 
 Harriet. Mr. G. is deceased ; the widow and daughter are in Quincy. 5. 
 Anna, who died in infancy. 6. Clarissa, wife of Jeremiah Mann, deceased ; 
 she lives in Quincy. 7. Gzrtf/zw, who died April 9, 1868. 8. Charles Bur- 
 ban, born Dec. 6, 1810 ; married Rachel Rebecca, daughter of David Sterrett, 
 
520 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 of Pennsylvania, and had 6 children : Mary S., Frederick, Martha, who died 
 at 13, Charles B., David S., and Bell R., who died in infancy. Mr. B. has 
 held the office of assessor ; was for nine years supervisor, and for 2 years 
 chairman of the board ; and has been for the last six years, and is now, a 
 justice of the peace. 9. Frederick, bom Sept. 15, 1813 ; died Sept. 23, 1847. 
 
 Basil Burgess settled on the McMahan tract, where John Smallwood 
 now resides. He sold to Robert Dickson, and removed to the lake road, 
 near where his son Basil afterwards resided, and where Henry, son of Basil 
 Burgess, Jr., now resides. 
 
 Alexander Cochran settled, in 1804, on the farm on which his son John 
 resides, about one mile west of Quincy. This family and the families of his 
 brothers, Robert and Hugh, who came several years later, were from the 
 north of Ireland, and of the class called " Protestant Irish," or " Scotch 
 Irish.'' Alexander Cochran is believed to have been the first settler in Rip- 
 ley, and the first man in the county that took a deed for his land. He lived 
 on the farm he first purchased, until his death. He had 13 children : i. John, 
 who was married to Mary Shipboy, and had 1 1 children, of whom three died 
 young. 2. Nancy, wife of Wm. A. Robinson, who had 8 children : Rosanna, 
 wife of David McCord ; Alexander C., who married Catharine Ely, of Ripley, 
 and is a banker at Pittsburgh ; Nancy, wife of the late Dr. Alexander Coch- 
 ran, of Westfield; Thomas H., a Presbyterian minister at Harrisburg, Pa.; 
 David, unmarried, and John, both at Pittsburgh; William, unmarried, at 
 Pittsburgh, who was a lieutenant in the late war, promoted to colonel, and 
 was in Libby and Andersonville prisons ; and Samuel, unmarried, in North- 
 east 3. Hugh, who had 6 children ; two are living. 4. Alexander, unmar- 
 ried, at Chicago. 5. Robert, who was twice married, first, to Catharine 
 Densmore ; second, to Julia Barnard ; resides at Austinburg, O., and is a 
 Presbyterian minister. 6. William, who had 9 children, of whom two are 
 living ; one, Avery, is a teacher in a deaf and dumb asylum, at Sheldon, Neb. 
 7. Samuel, who died at 17. 8. Margaret, wife of Jediah Loomis, of West- 
 field. 9. James, who married Nancy Johnson, and had 9 children. 10. 
 Martin, who married Helen Gates, and died in Ripley. 11. Andrew, who 
 married Catharine Moore, and is a Presbyterian minister at Durhamville, 
 Oneida Co. 12. David, who died in childhood, from falling into a tub of 
 hot water. 13. Eleanor, wife of Samuel C. Dickson; they removed to In- 
 dependence, Iowa, where Mrs. Dickson and family reside. Mr. D. died 
 while on a visit at Coldwater, Mich. 
 
 Robert Cochran, a brother of Alexander, fi-om Ireland, settled in Rip- 
 le)', in 1815, on the Buffalo & Erie road, near the east line of the town, 
 where his son David now resides, and where he resided until his death, in 
 October, 1854, aged 74 years. He was twice married. His first wife was 
 Nancy Neil, by whom he had a daughter, Jane, born in Ireland, who was 
 the second wife of Philip Stephens, an early settler in the town of Westfield. 
 He married, second, Mary Jane Strain, who had 1 2 children, the first 2 of 
 whom were bom in Ireland. 1. Nancy, second wife of John Siggins. 2. 
 
RIPLEY. 521 
 
 Isaac, who married Julia, daughter of Dea. James Montgomery, one of the 
 earliest settlers of Westfield. 3. Rachel, second wife of Alpheus Moore, of 
 Ripley. 4. Hugh, who died about 1826. 5. Margaret, unmarried. 6. 
 Alexander, who married, first, Ellen Howard, and had 2 children, Emma and 
 George ; married, second, Rachel, daughter of Hugh Cochran, and resides 
 in Westfield, near the lake. 7. Robert, who died at 5. 8. Hannah, wife of 
 Nathan Smith, of Buffalo. 9. Elizabeth, the wife of John Thompson, of 
 Buffalo. 10. Harriet, \i'\ie. of George L. Fa)^eld, of Buffalo. 11. Sarah, 
 died in infancy. 12. David, unmarried, who now owns and occupies the old 
 homestead. Mrs. Mary Jane Cochran died August, 1872. 
 
 Hugh Cochran, brother of Alexander and Robert, and also an emigrant 
 from Ireland, settled in the north-east corner of Ripley, near the lake, where 
 he died early in 1854. He was married in Ireland to Sarah Nesbit, and had 
 8 children: i. AtzwQ', wife of John Strain, and resides in Minnesota. 2. 
 James, who died at about 20. 3. Sarah, wife of David Johnson ; both de- 
 ceased. 4. John, who died at about 18. 5. Alexander, who died at about 
 23. 6. William N., who now resides in Westfield. HS married Nancy 
 Johnson, of Westfield, and has 3 children, Alexander, David, and William. 
 7. Rachel, the second wife of Alexander Cochran. 8. Eliza, who died at 
 about 16. 
 
 Robert Cochran, 2d, bom in Ireland, Oct. 22, 1786, emigrated to Amer- 
 ica in 18 1 2, and, in 18 13, settled in the north-west part of Westfield, on lot 
 4, where he resided until his death. May 6, 1870. He was married in Ireland 
 to Jane Law. He was for 14 years an assessor of the town, and in 1834 and 
 1835 supervisor. He was a member of the Presbyterian church in Westfield, 
 and became a member of the Presbyterian church in Ripley on its forma- 
 tion. He had 11 children: Mary, Jane, John, Thomas L., who died at 21, 
 Hugh B., Robert, James, Hannah, Rachel, William W., and Harriet, who 
 died in infancy. Mary married John Crossgrove, and lives in Ripley ; John 
 and James married, and Hannah and Rachel, unmarried, live in Waupun, 
 Wis.; Hugh, in Beaver Dam, Wis.; and Robert, in Westfield, Wis., both 
 married ; and Jane and William in Westfield, N. Y., unmarried. 
 
 William Crossgrove, from the north of Ireland, came to America in the 
 autumn of 1801, and went with his family to New Berlin on the Susquehanna 
 river, and thence, about a year after, to Colt's station, Erie Co., Pa.; and, in 
 the spring of 1807, he removed to Ripley, where he resided till his death, 
 May, 1846, and where his son John now resides. He died while on a visit 
 to his relatives in Central Pennsylvania. He was married in Ireland to Rachel 
 Cochran. They had 6 children born in Ireland, and 8 in America. Their 
 names were Jane, James, Hugh, William, John, Nancy, Thomas, Alexander, 
 Samuel ; the rest died in infancy. Samuel died in 1845, at the age of 3 1, hav- 
 ing nearly completed his course of studies for the ministry. Both parents 
 were members of the Presbyterian church in Ireland, and were of the number 
 from which the Ripley church was formed. 
 
 Robert Dickson, from Cherry Valley in 1809, bought of Basil Burgess 
 
522 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 the farm where John Smallwood now resides. He sold this farm, and removed 
 to the town of Westfield, on the hill. He died about the year 1832. His 
 sons were Samuel, William, Robert C, Fayette, and Andrew. Samuel and 
 Fayette died in the town of Westfield ; Robert C, in Ohio ; Andrew, in 
 Ripley. William was the father of Albert, Campbell, and Dwight, and set- 
 tled where the widow of Albert now resides, near the old church, in Ripley. 
 He had 3 daughters : Clarissa, wife of D. Azro A. Nichols, assistant editor of 
 the Albany Country Gentleman; Mary Ann, widow of Charles D. Sackett, 
 formerly of the Jamestown Journal ; and Ellen, wife of Marcus B. Gleason, 
 of French Creek. The two daughters of Robert Dickson were Jane, who 
 married Joseph Cass, and died in Ohio ; and Olive, wife of Judd W. Cass. 
 
 William Dickson, brother of Robert, Sr., settled, about 1815, on the 
 farm lately owned by Seth Ely, in East Ripley; and John, another brother, 
 about 1 810, bought of Silas Baird, and settled on a part of the tract bought 
 by Burban Brockway, a mile east from Quincy. He was killed by the falling 
 of a tree. 
 
 William B. Dickson, in 1815, settled on the lake road, near the Westfield 
 line, and died in 1822. He was father of Samuel C. Dickson, who removed, 
 in 186-, to Iowa, and died, a few years after, at Coldwater, Mich., while there 
 on a visit or on business. 
 
 Benjamin H. Dickson, from Ontario Co., removed in 1817 to Ripley, 
 near the state line. He was a carpenter and a painter, and worked at these 
 trades for nearly 65 years, until a year or two ago, when he lost his eye-sight. 
 He is now 84 years.of age. He has long been a resident of Quincy, whe^je 
 he still resides. His children are Miriahi, who lives with her father ; Mary 
 Cordelia, wife of Horace C. Hoag, of Lockport ; and Henry C, of Royal- 
 ton, Niagara Co. 
 
 Selden Ely, from Lyme, Conn., to Ripley, in 1824, settled on land first 
 owned by Farley Fuller, where he resided until his death in 1861. His sons 
 were George, John, Eben, and Francis J. John and Eben removed some 
 years since to Virginia, where they reside. Eben served in the late war ; 
 was taken prisoner and confined, first, on Belle Isle, afterwards, for 18 
 months, in Andersonville prison. Francis died recently in New York. 
 Mr. Ely had two daughters : Kate, wife of Alexander C. Robinson, who re- 
 sides at Pittsburgh ; and Phebe, wife of John Gill, in Allegany City, Pa. 
 
 Seth Ely, brother of the above, came to Ripley in 1833, and settled near 
 his brother. He married Eliza Ann Hale, of Ripley, and now resides in 
 Quincy. They have no children. 
 
 Charles Forsyth, a native of Connecticut, removed to Erie Co., Pa. ; 
 thence, in 1808, to Ripley, and settled on a part of the tract originally 
 bought of the Holland Company by James McMahan, on lot 5, where he 
 resided until his death. May i, i860. He had 8 children, all of whom at- 
 tained the age of majority. They were : Nancy, wife of Fisk Durand, de- 
 ceased. She lives in Westfield. John K., who married Lavina Stevens, and 
 after her death, Nancy Ludlow. He resides on the homestead. Sarah M,, 
 
RIPLEY. 523 
 
 wife of Joseph Derickson, Meadville, Pa. Charles H., who died unmarried. 
 Caroline, deceased, was the wife of Willard Doolittle, who lives in Wisconsin. 
 Parthena, the wife of Christopher Hills, in Westfield. David B., who died 
 at about 24, unmarried. Jane A., who married Martin Durkee, and resides 
 in Mina. 
 
 Gideon Goodrich removed from Saratoga Co. to Ripley, in 1815, having 
 purchased several lots on the lake shore, at and east of the state line. He 
 resided about one mile north-west from Quincy until his death. He had 8 
 sons : Orestes, John, Anson, Austin, recently postmaster, all of whom died 
 in Ripley ; Frederick, who died in Wisconsin, and was buried in Ripley ; 
 Horace, principal of Albany Female Seminary, who died in Albany, in 18 16; 
 Barzillai, who died at Meadville, Pa. ; Grant, who resides in Chicago ; and 
 George. He had but one daughter, Harriet, who married Dr. Silas Spencer, 
 of Westfield, and is deceased. 
 
 George Goodrich, son of Gideon, was bom at Ballston, Saratoga Co., 
 Dec. 13, 1793, and removed to Ripley in 1815, where he resided till his 
 death, Sept. 14, 1874. He was married to Tryphena Parsons, of Ripley, 
 who was born March 12, 1799, and died June 11, 1847. They had 11 chil- 
 dren : I. Delia, who died at 21. 2. Gertrude, wife of Charles A. Brunson, 
 and resides in Milwaukee. 3. Milton P., who served 3 years and 2 months 
 in the late war. He was a captain in the 9th reg. of calvary, N. Y. vol., and 
 was in the battles of Gettysburg, the Wilderness, Fredericksburg, 2d Bull 
 Run, and others, of the army of the Potomac. He married, first, Mary Ma- 
 son ; second, Lucretia Kester. 4. Evans, who was sergeant in a Minnesota 
 regiment; was 2 years in the war; was in several battles, and wounded. He 
 resides in Minn. 5. Orestes, who died inf. 6. Henry, who resides at Man- 
 kato, Minn. 7. Horace, who served one year in the war, in the 3d Illinois 
 regiment. 8. Louisa /., who died dX 26. 9. G<?(77^^, in North-east, Pa. 10. 
 James P., a sergeant in the 9th N. Y. cavalry; afterwards in the 14th Penn. 
 cavalry, and was discharged for disability; lives in North-east. n. Silas S., 
 at Erie, Pa. 
 
 Horace Hale, from Schoharie Co., came to Ripley, in 1811, on foot, 
 carrying his knapsack, and settled in the north-east part of the town, on the 
 John McMahan tract, where he lived until his death, Nov. 20, 1852. He 
 was a member of the Presbyterian church, and, at the time of his death, one 
 of its ruling elders. His children were : William, who was drowned in Rock 
 river. 111.; Elizabeth Ann, wife of Seth E. Ely, of Quincy; Horace; Olive, 
 wife of John Johnson ; both died in Wisconsin ; Isaac ; and Martha. 
 Horace, Isaac, and Martha died unmarried. 
 
 Hervey Hall, from Washington Co., after a residence in Crawford and 
 Erie counties, in Penn., removed to Ripley, lot 9, where the late L. G. Ham- 
 ilton resided, near the state line. He subsequently removed to Erie, Pa., 
 where he and his wife both died. He was one of those who left their lands 
 in Penn. on account of the insecurity of title. He had a large tract, on which 
 he had cleared about 100 acres. He had children, as follows : i. Hannah, 
 
524 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 deceased; was the wife of George Hood. 2. Olive, the wife of John Hood, 
 Michigan. 3. Charles, *ho died at 16. 4. George, in Erie Co. 5. Samuel, 
 in Iowa. 6. Hervey, who married, first, Louisa Lovina Baird ; second, Mrs. 
 Elizabeth Norton ; and resides in Quincy. 7. Luther, Adrian, Mich. 8. 
 Sabrina, wife of Oliver Loomis, Iowa. 9. John H., a physician ; died in 
 Illinois. 
 
 Daniel Lombard, from Madison Co., bought lands on the hill, in Ripley, 
 on lots 34 and 35, adjoining the town of Westfield, where he and his brother 
 Lucius lived many years; Daniel to the present time. Lucius, his brother, 
 removed to a farm below the hill, in the town of Westfield, on lot 2, adjoin- 
 ing Ripley, half a mile south of the Buflfalo & Erie road ; and, a few years 
 ago, to the farm on that road, known as the " Bell farm," the residence of 
 the late Col. Wm. Bell, where Mr. L. died in 1874. Daniel Lombard has 2 
 sons, Lucius and Dwight, who reside in the town ; and 2 daughters, Mary, 
 widow of Albert Dickson, in Ripley; and Sarah, wife of Henry W. Dickson, 
 all of this town. Mrs. Daniel Lombard died in 1875. Lucius also had 2 sons, 
 Augustus and Henry; and 2 daughters, Sarah, wife of Elisha W. Tucker, and 
 Fluvilla, widow of Julius Hill. Mrs. Lombard and the children, except Mrs. 
 Tucker, reside on the farm on which Mr. Lombard died. 
 
 Oliver Loomis, from Washington Co., N. Y., in the winter of 1800, re- 
 moved, with his brother Joel, to Erie Co., Pa. They started with their fam- 
 ilies and goods on a covered sleigh, drawn by two yoke of oxen and a horse. 
 At Buffalo, where there were but a few log shanties, they were " blocked up," 
 the snow being deep, and there was no road westward that could be traveled. 
 After a detention there of a month or more, they started on the ice ; and, 
 taking due care to shun the defective places, they safely reached their desti- 
 nation. While at Buffalo, Harry, a son of Oliver, was born. In 1806, Oliver 
 Loomis removed to Ripley, on lot 6, afterwards sold to Thomas Prendergast, 
 one mile east of Quincy, and removed to the farm on which Gurdon H, 
 Wattles and his son Erbin C. now reside. He had 9 children, who attained 
 to majority, and all of whom but one were married : Amanda, wife of Jacob 
 Peer, Lester, and Henry, all of whom removed to Laporte Co., Ind. ; Walter, 
 who was married, first, to Pamelia Hunt; second, to Sarah Rickey; and 
 third, to Lydia Lewis; Ira, who also has been three times married ; first to Lucy 
 Dustin, second to Mrs. French, and third to Nancy Lewis ; Olive, who died 
 at 22, unmarried ; Jeriah, at Racine, Wis.; Oliver, in Iowa; and Mary Ann, 
 who married R. P. Johnson. 
 
 Jeremiah Mann was bom in Milton, Saratoga county, N. Y., July 5, 
 1800, and came to Ripley in 1825. He removed the next year to North- 
 east, Pa., on a farm previously bought, and, in 1837, he removed to Quincy, 
 where he resided until his death, September 11, 1868. He was universally 
 esteemed as a citizen, and enjoyed in a high degree the public confidence. 
 He was elected, in 1844, a member of assembly. He was a friend of public 
 improvements ; and was one of the first directors of the Buffalo & Erie rail- 
 road. He was married to Anna, daughter of Burban Brockway, of Ripley, 
 
^^X--^^i^i^c<^C , ^ , C rCc^ 
 
 Cn^i^ 
 
RIPLEY. 525 
 
 and had 3 daughters : i. Augusta, who married William Hunt, late of Rip- 
 ley, who died Dec. i, 1869. 2. Caroline, wife of William Bell, Jr., of Erie, 
 Pa. Mrs. Bell died March 12, 1875. 3- Lydia, who married Lucius G. 
 Hamilton, late of Ripley, who died March 16, 1874. 
 
 Dudley 'Marvin. [See Supplement.] 
 
 Rev. Samuel G. Orton, D. D., was bom in Litchfield, Conn., June 6, 
 1797. His father, Miles Orton, died when Samuel was 16 years old, leaving 
 him the oldest of 7 children. His grandfather was one of the original pro- 
 prietors of the town of Litchfield. He became a Christian at the age of 18, 
 and at once resolved to obtain a collegiate education, and to consecrate his 
 life to the work of the gospel ministry. He pursued his studies at Yale and 
 Hamilton, and was graduated at the latter college in 1822. He studied 
 theology at the Yale divinity school, under Dr. Taylor. In December, 1824, 
 he was marrted to Clara Gregory, youngest daughter of Justus Gregory, of 
 Rensselaer county, N. Y. 
 
 His first labors after ordination were in Delaware county, N. Y. His first 
 pastorates were at Sidney Plains and Delhi. His plan was, when he entered 
 the ministry, to secure a permanent pastorate, for which he was eminently 
 adapted. But he was so successful in building up churches and in keeping 
 pastors in their work, that, for a time, he went from church to church, like 
 Paul the apostle, strengthening the hands and hearts of the Christian breth- 
 ren. A recent writer who knew Mr. Orton well in his early labors, has 
 described him as being dignified and commanding in his appearance. 
 Thought, solemnity, and earnestness were all depicted upon his countenance. 
 Though not a great preacher, he was a most interesting and successful one. 
 His appeals were not merely sensational, inflaming the fears ; he used the 
 truth as his agent of conviction : his prayers, above all, were wonderfully 
 adaptive. They seemed to comprehend all the hopes and difficulties »f an 
 awakened soul ; and, with all this, there was a peculiar sympathetic influence 
 in manner, attitude, and tone, which had great power. 
 
 In 1833, Mr. Orton removed his family to Westfield, and labored with 
 great power and success in nearly every church in the county. He thence 
 accepted a call to the Park street church at Buffalo, and remained there three 
 years, greatly endearing himself to his people. From Buffalo he removed to 
 Ripley, in 1837, and continued in that pastorate 16 years, 'laboring with re- 
 markable zeal and energy. During that time the church grew to a member- 
 ship of over 300. Nor were his labors confined to his own parish. He was 
 peculiarly effective in evangelistic work ; and his assistance was sought by 
 neighboring pastors and churches. All along the lake shore, from Buffalo to 
 Erie and beyond, and easterly in Rochester, Auburn, Syracuse, and through- 
 out the central portion of the state, and in adjoining states, many were 
 awakened to a religious life through his instrumentality ; and many are the 
 churches now strong and prosperous, which have reason to bless God for his 
 ministries among them. 
 
 The last ten years of his life he resided mostly at North-east, Erie county. 
 
526 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 Pa., where he had a pleasant rural home, and enjoyed universal affection and 
 reverence. He was self-sacrificing and discreet in his ministerial and mis- 
 sionary work, never disturbing pastoral relations or creating discords ; but 
 always laboring to advance the peaceful sway of the Master, of whom he 
 was a faithful and gifted disciple. Nothing can be said of Samuel G. Orton 
 but in his praise. No stain rests upon his pure, good name. Few lives have 
 been more zealously devoted to the good of others ; few memories are so 
 fragrant ashis. And in the great judgment, which he was wont to preach 
 with so much earnestness and power, there can be- no question what will be 
 his designation — glory and reward. 
 
 Mr. Orton left surviving him four children : Edward Orton, president of 
 the Ohio State College at Columbus ; Elizabeth, wife of Hon. John H. 
 Hudson, of Sandusky, O., at whose house he died. May 12, 1873; Sarah, 
 wife of Thomas Orton, Esq., of Chicago ; and Samuel Orton, of Green- 
 ville, Penn. 
 
 Israel Palmer, a native of Dutchess county, N. Y., emigrated to Ripley 
 
 in 18 1 7, and settled 3 ra. south of Quincy, where Johnson now resides. 
 
 His property consisted chiefly of a fine pair of horses, which he disposed of 
 to procure a pair of oxen, as better adapted for clearing land. The horses 
 were never paid for ; and he was obliged to return to the east, where he 
 obtained a yoke of oxen, and a horse, and removed two families, with their 
 effects, to Ripley. Being without money to buy necessaries, he was obliged 
 to resort to the usual way of getting money — the making of black salts — 
 almost the only product that could be sold for cash. Israel Palmer, Jr., 
 resides near Quincy, and was for many years collector of taxes. His son, 
 George W., studied law in the office of Judge Selden Marvin, of Ripley, and 
 graduated at the Albany Law University in 1857. After practicing several 
 years^in this county, he removed to New York. In 1869, he was appointed 
 an appraiser of the port of New York, and has since resumed the practice of 
 his profession in the city. 
 
 Thomas Prendergast, second son of Wm. Prendergast, Sr., bom in Paw- 
 ling, N. Y., Septemberi 5, 1758, was married to Deborah Hunt, who was born 
 Aug. 25, 1774. They came to Ripley [then Chautauqua] in the fall of 1805, 
 he being one of the Prendergast families who made the southern tour, else- 
 where narrated. "He purchased about 600 acres of land, parts of which, had 
 been owned by Josiah Famsworth and Oliver Loomis, about i ^ miles east 
 of Quincy, where he died, June 3, 1842, aged 84. His wife died Aug. 9, 
 1846, aged 72. Mr. P. was elected supervisor of Portland in 1814, before 
 the formation of Ripley. In 1817, he was elected supervisor of Ripley, from 
 which time he held that office, by reflections, until 1825, inclusive, except, 
 perhaps, the year 1818, the records of which are not at hand. In 1827, he 
 was again elected, making, in all, a service of 10 or ir years. He had two 
 children : r. Stephen, [see sketch.] 2. Mary, who married Samuel Hunt, 
 who settled on a part of the farm, which came to his wife after her father's 
 death. They had 3 children : William, who married Augusta Mann ; and 
 

 n(^ 
 
 /^TyfOiiY 
 
/y^if'tZM^I Ck<h^ ^Mi^ 
 
RIPLEY. 527 
 
 Marie and Eliza, both of whom married Dr. Simeon Collins. Eliza, his 
 widow, is still living. 
 
 Stephen Prendergast, son of Thomas, was born in Pawling, N. Y., Jan. 
 23, 1793, and removed with his father to Ripley in 1805. He was married 
 to Almira Abell, of Ripley, who was bom Jan.. 23, 1796. He settled and 
 resided on a part or parts of the homestead of his father, of the one-half of 
 which he became the owner after his father's death, and on which he resided 
 until his death, Jan. 31, ;i 852, aged. 59. Mrs. P. is still living, and resides 
 with her youngest soh in the village of Westfield. They had 4 children : 
 I. Thomas M., who resided rtjaay years in the village of Westfield, and lives 
 at present on his farm i}i miles east He was born Jan. 27, 1817, and was 
 married to Eunice Fassett, from Vermont. His children are Maiy, wife of 
 Henry Harrington, in Westfield ; William M., who married Emma Maria 
 Holmes, of Westfield ; and George F. 2. Henry A., [see sketch.] 3. Ste- 
 phen, bom Sept 5, 1824, and married Caroline Augusta Abbot, of Westfield. 
 He died May 3, 187 1, leaving his wife and a daughter, Mary L. a,. John J., 
 bom Oct. 8, 1 83 1, and was married to Fanny E. Coveny. Their children 
 are Clara A., Frank A., and Thomas R. 
 
 Henry A. Prendergast, son of Stephen Prendergast, was born Oct 31, 
 182 1, and was married to Mary Sexton, daughter of William Sexton, of 
 Westfield. He was a graduate of Union College. He' was admitted to the 
 bar, and practiced his profession in Quincy. He was 9. member of assem- 
 bly in 1856, 1857, and r86i ; and was for several years in -the mercantile 
 business at Quincy. In the late war, he was a paymaster in the army of the 
 Cumberland, and was taken sick in Tennessee. By the advice of. the surgeon, 
 he returned to his home, and died a few days after his arrival. -He had a 
 daughter, Elizabeth, who was married to William G. Fargo, jr., of- Buffalo, 
 who died in 1873. Mrs. Fargo died Oct. 11, 1873, leaving' twi^' daughters, 
 born after the death of their father. • - • * - -' 
 
 David Royce, from Connecticut, settled with his family, in t€i8 or 1819, 
 where his son Willis now resides, near Ripley Crossing.' He bought about 
 600 acres, which included also the present farms'of Alexander McHenry 
 
 and Alpheus Moore, his sons-in-law, and Rickenbrodt Mr. Royce's 
 
 purchase was a part of the tract originally contracted for by James McMahan, 
 elsewhere described. [See History of Ripley.] Mr. R. here kept a tavern 
 for many years, which was discontinued before his death. He had 2 sons, 
 Phineas and Willis, and 2 daughters, Lydia, deceased, wife of Alexander 
 McHenry, and Betsy, first wife of Alpheus Moore ; and two children who 
 died young. . , 
 
 Willis Royce, son of David, came with his father, and has resided at the 
 same place to the present time. In relating his pioneer experience, he 
 claims to have assisted in chopping and logging 200 acres, and to have driveti 
 one pair of oxen twelve years in this work. And he mentions his narrow 
 escape with his life, when one of the oxen was killed by the falling of a tree, 
 while he was standing between the oxen " toggling" the chain. He confirms 
 
528 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 what has been said of the poor rewards of farm labor after their settlement 
 here. To raise money to pay taxes and for certain other purposes, he took 
 to Dunkirk a load of loo bushels of corn with two yoke of oxen, and sold 
 it to Walter Smith for 12^ cents a bushel, and spent two days in making 
 the trip. Carrying his own provisions and hay for his teams, his only 
 expense was 6 cents for his night's lodging. At another time he took to the 
 same market a load of wheat, which he sold for 37^ cents a bushel. He 
 has 2 sons : Simeon, who married Vina Spencer^ and resides on a part of the 
 farm ; and Newton, who married Jennett Wilson, and lives with his father 
 on the farm. He had 3 daughters : Rhoda, who died at the age of about 
 
 1 6 ; Sophrona, who married George Sherman, of Westfield ; and Elizabeth, 
 wife of Frank Wright, Westfield. 
 
 John Smallwood was bom in England, Feb. 15, 181 1, and emigrated to 
 America, in 1820, with his father's family, who, after several years' residence 
 
 in Livingston Co., removed to Warsaw in . He was married, Sept. 20, 
 
 1837, to Harriet Jennett, daughter of Judge Webster, of Ripley, and removed 
 to Ripley in the spring of 1838, on the farm where he now resides. From 
 his youth his occupation has been farming, in which he has been successful. 
 He was an assessor in Ripley for many years. He was appointed one of the 
 county commissioners of license when the law went into effect, and served 
 two years, and was continued in the office, by reappointment, for an addi- 
 tional period of six years. And he is at present one of the board of excise 
 in this town, under the new law. Himself and family are connected with 
 the Methodist Episcopal church, of which he has long been a member, jid 
 to the various interests of which he has been a liberal contributor. He has 
 also given his support, by personal effort and otherwise, to the objects of 
 benevolent and reformatory institutions generally. His wife died Marc 30, 
 1875. They had 6 children : i. Mary Adelia, wife of Rev. John T. Brown- 
 ell, a member of the Genesee conference of the Methodist Episcopal church, 
 and has 2 children, John Veranus and Margaret Jennett. 2. Clementine, 
 who died Sept. ib, 1870, aged 26 years. 3. Loreit, who married George K. 
 Powell, attorney at law, Wilk^bai^^, JPa., and has a son, Lewis Small *ood. 
 4. Emma Adelle. 5. Wilbur Pisk^ nam at tht University in Syracuse. 6. 
 Henry Thornton. 
 
 Oliver Stetson, Jr., settled early in Ripley, on the Erie road, in the west 
 part of the town ; afterwards on a part of the farm now owned by David 
 Cochran, near Westfield line, where Mr. Stetson died. He was one of the 
 constituent members of the Presbyterian church of Ripley, at the time of its 
 organization. His childrep were; Delia Ann, wife of John Taylor, and is 
 deceased ; Betsey, wife of Frank Slater, Quincy ; John, who died at about 
 
 1 7 ; Asenath, wife of Ezra Burrows, both deceased ; Moses, who married 
 Fanny Porter, who died in 1870, and whose daughter Jennie is the wife of 
 Henry Burgess, with whom Mr. S. resides ; Henry A., who married Elizabeth 
 Spink, and resides at Jackson, Mich. ; Robert Marshall, who married Ann 
 Ross ; Oliver, who married Elizabeth Lay ; and two sons who died young. 
 
/ y 
 
RIPLEY. , 529 
 
 Capt. Oliver Stetson, Sr., came later, and settled where Hugh Stevens resides. 
 He had 4 sons, William, Robert, Moses, and John, and 3 daughters. Only 
 John, in Erie Co., Pa., is living. 
 
 Moses A. Tenant, from Otsego Co., settled, in 1833, about 2 m. south 
 from Quincy ; and afterwards removed to the place where he now resides, 
 near the village. He has been several times elected supervisor and justice 
 of the peace. He is a member and officer of the Baptist church. He had 
 4 sons and 4 daughters, who attained to manhood and womanhood. The 
 sons are Alvin J., Delos G., Albert M., and John A. Albert M. is a Baptist 
 minister, now at North-east, Penn. Daughters : Eliza, wife of Henry W. 
 Shaver ; Julia, wife of David Shaver ; Wealthy A., wife of Erbin C. Wattles ; 
 Fanny, wife of George Mason. All the families are members or supporters 
 of the Baptist church. 
 
 GuRDON H. Wattles, a native of Delaware Co., removed from Otsego 
 Co., to Ripley, 3 m. south of Quincy, in 18 18, where his son Glover P. lately 
 resided. In 1859, he removed to the farm where he lately resided, i m. west 
 from Quincy, and now resides with his son, Erbin C, near the village. He 
 was elected supervisor in 1835 and 1836. From 1846 to 1853, he managed 
 a store in Erie for B. Tomlinson & Co. His son, Erbin C, is at present 
 supervisor of Ripley. The families are members or supporters of the Baptist 
 church. [Glover P. Wattles has recently died.] 
 
 Andrew W. Young was bom in Carlisle, Schoharie Co., N. Y., March 2, 
 1 802. His paternal ancestors were from Holland. His mother, when a 
 child, came from the north of Ireland, her ancestry being generally designat- 
 ed as " Scotch Irish." His vernacular was that which had been brought over 
 by the Diedricks and Knickerbockers, which was the language of the family 
 during the period of its existence. He obtained his education in the com- 
 mon school. He became a teacher at an early age, having taught one term 
 before he had completed his fourteenth year. In 181 6, he removed with his 
 father's family to Warsaw. He was engaged alternately on the farm and in 
 teaching, until he attained his majority. He was thereafter, for several years, 
 engaged as clerk and as principal, in the mercantile business. In 1830, he 
 commenced the publication of the Warsaw Sentinel; and, in 1832, having 
 purchased the Republican Advocate^ published at Batavia, the former was 
 merged in the latter, which he published three years, when it passed into the 
 hands of Daniel D. Waite, Esq., its present publisher. After his brief edi- 
 torial career of five ysars, he directed his attention to what has been the 
 principal business of his life. Impressed with the idea, that our political 
 prosperity and the security of our liberties depend, essentially, upon an en- 
 lightened suffrage, he wrote the " Science of Government," designed alike 
 for the use of schools and for the family library. Several other works, of 
 which this formed the basis, he has written and published. In 1855, the 
 " American Statesman," a political history of the United States, was pub- 
 lished, and was followed, a few years after, by " National Economy," and 
 other works. In 1845 and 1846, he represented Wyoming county in the 
 34 
 
S30 , HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQDA COUNTY. 
 
 assembly, and in 1846, in the constitutional convention. In 1856, he re- 
 moved to Ripley, Chautauqua county, N. Y. In 1867, his family went to 
 Red Wing, Minn., he remaining to complete an unfinished work. He has, 
 for the last few years, been engaged in writing local histories, of which the 
 History of Chautauqua County is the third. He was married in Warsaw, 
 Oct. 4, 1827, to Eliza, daughter of Hon. Elizur Webster. He had five chil- 
 dren : I. David A., who married Ada Augusta McGlashan, and has three 
 sons, Herbert A., Arthur L., and Charles M. 2. Lucy, who was married to 
 Emery Purdy, late of Red Wing, deceased. 3. Elizabeth, residing at Red 
 Wing. 4. William, who died in infancy. 5. Mary E., who was married to 
 Eldridge K. Sparrell, late of Red Wing, deceased. They had two children : 
 John and Grace, the latter deceased. 
 
 Charles P. Young, a native of Killingworth, Conn., removed to Herki- 
 mer Co., N. Y., in 1797 ; thence, in 181 2, to this county, near Dewittville ; 
 in 1835, to Westfield, and in 1845, to Ripley, near the lake, where he now 
 resides. He served in the war of 1812, under Capt., afterwards Col. James 
 McMahan. He was at the battle of Black Rock in 1813, at the time of 
 the burning of Buffalo. He receives a pension for his services in that war. 
 He was elected, in the town of Chautauqua, a justice of the peace, in 1830. 
 and again in 1834. He had 3 sons : Wm. B., who resides with him on the 
 farm ; Joseph, also a resident of Ripley ; and Charles P., Jr., who served in 
 the late war, and died in the hospital at Hilton Head, S. C. He also had 
 five daughters. The families are principally connected with the Methodist 
 church. 
 
 Elizur Webster was bom in Connecticut, Aug. 24, 1767. In October, 
 1803, he removed from Washington Co., N. Y., to Batavia, afterwards, [1808,] 
 the town of Warsaw, where he had, in June preceding, taken up several 
 thousand acres of the Holland Company's land. In Feb., 1837, he removed 
 to Ripley, on the farm previously owned, successively, by Basil Burgess, 
 Robert Dickson, and Henry Abell, near the old Presbyterian church. He 
 was the first settler in the present town of Warsaw, and was 8 miles from the 
 nearest settler on the Holland Purchase. He was appointed a justice of the 
 peace, the first in the township, by the council of appointment; and was the 
 first supervisor of Warsaw after its formation, and held the office many years. 
 He was also, successively, associate judge of the county court, a member of 
 assembly in i8i6 and 1817 ; and a member of the constitutional convention 
 of 1821. He was-married in 17 — , to Elizabeth Warr^, who died in Ridley, 
 Dec, 1848, aged 74. Mr. Webster died in March, 1854. They had 12 
 children, 8 sons and 4 daughters, all of whom had families : i. Arvin, who 
 removed to Illinois, where he died. 2. fFar/-^«, who died at Gowanda, and 
 whose widow resides in Westfield. 3. Chipman, who resides in Illinois. 4. 
 Luanda, wife of Elijah Norton, who resides in Warsaw. 5. Clorinda, wife 
 of Orson Hough, and resides in Westfield. 6. Eliza, wife of Andrew W. 
 Yoiing, and resides in Red Wing, Minn. 7. Lemuel, who died in Wisconsin. 
 8. Horace, who resides in Erie Co., Pa. 9. Elizur, who married Frances 
 
J/^A^^^P 
 
RIPLEY. 531 
 
 Averill, resided in Ripley, and died in 1874. Mrs. Webster died in 1862. 10. 
 Gideon, y/ho resides at Fredonia. 11. William Harrison, who TOBined Mary 
 Dickson, in Ripley, and resides at Coldwater, Mich. 12. Harriet Jennett, 
 wife of John Smallwood, who owns and occupies the homestead of his father- 
 in-law. Mrs. Smallwood died March 30, 1875. 
 
 Churches. 
 
 The First Presbyterian Church of Ripley was organized Nov. 2, 1818, at 
 a meeting in the school-house near John Post's, about 60 rods east of the 
 old meeting-house, the Rev. Phineas Camp presiding. The church was 
 composed chiefly of members of the church at Cross Roads, [now Westfield.] 
 The male members were Joel Loomis, Alexander Cochran, John Cochran, 
 Robert Cochran, John Gibson, Thomas Gray, William Crossgrove, Lorrel 
 Nichols, Olney Nichols, James McMahan, James Dickson, Oliver Stetson, 
 Jr., John B. Densmore, Hugh Crossgrove. The number of females was 
 about the same, many of them being wives of the men above named. Joel 
 Loomis, James Dickson, James McMahan, and Alexander Cochran, were 
 chosen elders : only the first two accepted, and were ordained. The records 
 do not sho\y the services of a stated minister before October, 1824, when 
 each of the churches of Ripley and North-east engaged the labors of Rev. 
 Giles Doolittle one-half of the time, at a salary of $200, payable, one-half 
 in cash, and one-half in grain at cash price. Mr. Doolittle was ordained and 
 installed as pastor of the two congregations, April 15, 1825. At his own 
 request, his pastoral relation to the church of Ripley, was dissolved in April, 
 1830. Among later ministers was Rev. John B. Preston. The name of 
 Rev. Samuel G. Orton appears on the records of the session as early as July, 
 1837 ; and his pastorate continued until 1853. He was succeeded by Rev. 
 William Waith, whose labors were terminated by his death, in 1863. The 
 church was subsequently supplied by Rev. Sylvanus Warren for two years, 
 and by the Rev. William L. Hyde for five years. A meeting-house in an 
 unfinished state, was destroyed by lightning, July 30, 1828. Another was 
 soon erected in its place, and is still standing. In 1854, a division of the 
 society took place ; and the western members built the present brick house 
 in Quincy. In 187 1, the churches were reiinited under the name of the 
 " First Presbyterian Church and Congregation of Ripley." In October, 
 1870, Rev. Edwin S. Wright commenced his pastorate, which still continues. 
 
 The Second Presbyterian Society was organized at Quincy, April 18, 1853 • 
 Bezaleel Gates, moderator of the meeting. Alexander Cochran, Ira Loomis, 
 and William Cochran, were elected trustees, and Martin Cochran was chosen 
 clerk. John Loomis, John B. Densmore, and Thaddeus S. Ways, were 
 chosen a building committee, to superintend the erection of a church 
 edifice. The church was composed almost entirely of members of the First 
 church, residing in the west part of the parish. On the application of about 
 30 members, letters of dismission were given them for that purpose. The 
 male members were John Cochran, Alexander Cochran, Martin Cochran, 
 
532 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 John Loomis, Ira Loomis, Bezaleel Gates, James Mcintosh, Andrew Mcin- 
 tosh, John Crossgrove, and the wives of most or all of them, with a few 
 others. John Cochran, Bezaleel Gates, and John Crossgrove, were chosen 
 elders. The first minister was Daniel Gibbs, from August, 1854 ; J. S. 
 Harris, from March, 1856, to March, i860; Sylvanus Warren, from April, 
 1862, to December, 1863 ; his labors being equally divided between the two 
 societies; Mr. Hancock, from June, 1864; and William L. Hyde, from July, 
 1865, to April, 1870, both also ministering to both churches. In December, 
 187 1, a union of the churches having been agreed upon, all the members of 
 the Second church were, by a general letter, dismissed to the First church ; 
 the house built by the Second church at Quincy to be the house of worship 
 of the united church. Rev. Edwin S. Wright was elected pastor. A neat 
 and commodious parsonage has been erected by the society, in the western 
 part of the village. 
 
 The Methodist Episcopal Church of Ripley was formed at an early period, 
 but the year of its organization is probably not known by any person now 
 living in the town. About the year 18 11, it is thought, the first class was 
 formed. Among the members of this class were Andrew Spear and wife, 
 P'arley Fuller and wife, and Basil Burgess and wife. Within a few years after, 
 the following named persons became members : Asahel Peck, Reuben Peck, 
 and their wijfes, James Truesdell, Harry Loomis and wife, Lucretia and 
 Lavina Baird, Adolphus and Henry Walradt, Dolly, Rebecca, and Mary 
 Walradt, Silas and Hannah Baird. Of the earliest members of the church 
 yet living, are Reuben Peck and Calista Peck. Who the earliest preachers 
 were cannot be stated with certainty. This part of Chautauqua county was 
 early in the Erie circuit, which was in 181 1 in Monongahela district. Jacob 
 Cruder was presiding elder ; and James Watts and James Ewing, circuit 
 preachers. The next year, 181 2, Erie circuit was in Ohio district; Jacob 
 Young was presiding elder ; James Watts and Jacob Gorwell, preachers. For 
 several years after, preachers on the Erie circuit were Abel Robinson, 1813 ; 
 John Solomon and John Graham, 1814; Robert C. Hatton, 1815, 1816. In 
 1817, James B. Finley, presiding elder; John P. Kent, Ira Eddy, preachers. 
 A meeting-house was erected in 1839, and completed and dedicated two or 
 three years afterward ; dedicatory sermon by Rev. James E. Chapin. A new 
 and beautiful brick house was erected a few rods east of the other, in 1873, 
 at a cost of about $13,000. Dedicated in April, 1874. Sermon by Rev. 
 Benoni I. Ives, D. D., of Auburn. 
 
 Connected with the Presbyterian and Methodist churches in Quincy, are 
 well-constructed and well-sustained sabbath schools. That of the latter has 
 been for several years under the superintendence of two young ladies, sisters. 
 
 A Baptist church was formed, at a comparatively early day, about three 
 miles south of Quincy, and a house of worship erected. Some of its mem- 
 bers residing at a remote and inconvenient distance, and others having 
 removed from that part of the town, the organization is believed to have 
 hardly maintained its former strength and efficiency. 
 
SHERIDAN. 533 
 
 SHERIDAN. 
 
 Sheridan was formed from Pomfret and Hanover, April i6, 1827. It 
 embraces township 6 of the nth range, excepting lots i, 2, 3, and 4, which 
 are attached to Hanover. Although it is not square at its north end, it con- 
 tains an area of nearly the same extent as that of an ordinary regular town- 
 ship. The surface is level in the north-west, and hilly in the south-east. A 
 nearly perpendicular bluff, 50 to 100 feet high, extends along the lake shore. 
 The south-west and west parts of the town are drained by Scott's creek and 
 Beaver creek, flowing north to the lake, the former entering it in the north- 
 east corner of Dunkirk, the other about a mile east of the north-west corner 
 of Sheridan. The soil is a clay loam, mixed in some parts with gravel. 
 
 Original Purchases in Township 6, Rayige 11. 
 
 1804. August, Francis Webber, 17. Wm. Webber, 27. Hazadiah Steb- 
 bins, 17. November, Abner Holmes, 43. Alanson Holmes, 53. [Deed.] 
 
 1805. March, Gerard Griswold, 35. Orsamus Holmes, 44, 60. April, Joel 
 Lee, 52. John Walker, 67. John Hollister, 66; [articled to Wm. Gould.] 
 September, Thomas Stebbins, 18; [reverted, and transferred to Jonathan 
 Webber.] November, Simeon Austin, 52 ; [articled to Abner Holmes.] 
 
 1806. April, Ozias Hart and Justus Hinman, 59. October, Thomas 
 Stebbins, 6, 16. 
 
 1807. August, Jonathan Webber, 62 ; [transf. to Gideon Shove.] Alan- 
 son Holmes, Winsor Brigham, 64. October, Jonathan Webber, 15, 16. 
 
 1808. February, John Spencer, 6f. July, Hazadiah Stebbins, 18. 
 
 1809. March, Ozias Hart and Daniel Pratt, 45. April, Jonathan Brig- 
 ham, 54, 64. Samuel Newell, 34. September, Wm. and Robert Pattison, 5. 
 October, Daniel Baldwin, 58. John Bovee, 26. Isaac Baldwin, 58. Nov., 
 Bethel Willoughby, 31. December, Thomas and Matthew Cassety, 63. 
 
 18 10. March, John M. Alden, 24. 
 
 1811. May, Joel Lee, 55. August, Thomas Chapman, 15. 
 
 181 2. Jonathan Griswold, 36. April, Edmund Mallett, 49. Charles 
 Burritt, 24. Jonathan Brigham, 56. 
 
 1813. October, Charles F. Collins, 39. December, Jonathan Brigham, 
 Jr., 64. Winsor Brigham, 70. 
 
 18 14. February, Jonathan Sloan, 59. 
 
 18 1 5. March, Ozias Hart, 44. Polly Pratt, 44. Asa Strong, 43. 
 
 1816. January, John Pattison, 14. February, Luke Kibbe, 23. Bethel 
 Willoughby, 23. March, Nicholas Bovee, 26. April, John Pattison, 14. 
 November, David Pattison, 15. 
 
 1817. January, Winsor Brigham, 63. David Pattison, 14. May, John 
 Spencer, 62. 
 
 1818. Feb., Haven Brigham, 49. Oct., William Griswold, 46. 
 
 1819. February, Clark Jenks, 38. April, Hosea White, 57. Leonard 
 Love, 22. August, Alva Cummings, 11. October, William Jones, 42. 
 Griffin Sweet, 42. Nov., Neri Crampton, 37. Dec, Chauncey Barnes, 12. 
 
 1820. January, Joseph Van Vliet, 22. March, John Darling, 21. June, 
 Bliss Webb, 10. November, Robert Peebles, 33. 
 
534 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 1 82 1. January, James Goodrich, 49. October, Benjamin Jones, i ; 
 [now in Hanover.] December, Josiah Bail, 7. Stephen Brigham, 21. 
 
 1823. April, Nathan Blanchard, 18. June, James Bellows, 56. July, 
 Sylvester Merrick, 70. November, John Kelly, 29. John Johnson, 29. 
 
 1825. July, John N. Badger, 38. October, Benjamin Drake, 30. 
 
 1826. September, James Fisher, 29. December, Cyrus Glass, 36. 
 
 1827. June, William McConnell, 29. William Griswold, 46. August, 
 Andrew Clark, 56. September, Eli Chamberlain, 13. 
 
 Joel Lee, a native of Connecticut, removed with his father from Sherburne, 
 N. Y., to Sheridan, in 1805, and died there in 1836. He built the first 
 frame house in that town ; was a deacon of the Congregational church ; and 
 was adjutant of infantry, and captain of cavalry, commissioned by Governor 
 Tompkins. He was a carpenter and mill-wright. 
 
 Buel Tolles settled on a part of lot 26, on the place of his stepfather, 
 Stephen Thompson, where he still resides. He was for 8 years supervisor of 
 the town. Edgar, a son, resides with his father. Newell Gould settled in 
 town early, and finally where he now lives, on lot 26. A son, Milton, was 
 married, and is deceased ; Frank is in Dunkirk ; Edward was killed in the 
 late war ; Julius is with his father on the farm. 
 
 In the central part of the town, Samuel Newell settled in 1 809 on lot 34, 
 and died about 1850. His sons were Samuel, Oliver, and Warren, who 
 reside in the town. Thomas Newell, brother of Samuel, Sr., settled on lot 
 53, and is dead. His sons, Jefferson, Chauncey, and Nevins, reside in town ; 
 Corydon removed west. Griffin Sweet was an early settler, and a Methodist 
 minister. His sons, Jonathan N., Newman, Caleb, Griffin, all dead or out 
 of town. Jonathan had several sons, all deceased ; a daughter, wife of 
 Abraham Cranston, deceased ; she resides in town ; and Stephen B., deceased, 
 whose sons, Walter and Edward, reside in the town. William Doty, from 
 Delaware county, to Sheridan, in 1819, settled on lot 28, half a mile east 
 from the Center, and died in the town. His sons were Asa ; Daniel, who 
 died in Michigan ; Peter B. ; Seth, deceased ; and Joseph C, the last only in 
 iown. Asa is in Hanover; Peter B., in Conneaut, Ohio. Daughters : Susan, 
 wife of Edmund Mead ; another, the wife of Daniel Alden, in Sheridan. 
 Stephen Bush settled near the Center, having bought lots 35 and 36, and 
 died there. The property fell to his sons, Asahel, who "died many years ago ; 
 and Stephen, who resides on a part of the farm at an advanced age. 
 
 In the east part of the town, Hazadiah Stebbins settled on lot 1 7, bought 
 in 1804, on which his son Marcus resides. Otis Ensign, a Revolutionary 
 pensioner, about 18 16, came to the south-west part of the town, but finally 
 settled on lot 28. He had sons : William, deceased, whose son Otis is on 
 the homestead of his father; Seth, who resides in Hanover, and whose 
 place was afterwards owned by Gideon, a nephew ; now owned by Gideon's 
 son ; and Seymour, who removed to Erie, Pa. ; and whose son Otis resides 
 on his father's homestead. 
 
 In the south-west part of the town, Jonathan Sloan settled on lot 59. His 
 sons were John, James, and George W.; only James living, and resides in 
 
SHERIDAN. 535 
 
 town. William, son of George W. ; and Devillo, son of John, reside on their 
 fathers' homesteads. Daniel Baldwin, from Vermont, brother of Isaac, 
 settled on lot 58 ; removed to Indiana, and died there. He had many chil- 
 dren ; of whom Abigail, wife of Simon Burton, resides in Portland ; others 
 dead, or removed from the county. James White, from Madison county, 
 settled on lot 59, bought in 1810 ; family removed from the county, or dead. 
 
 The first town-meeting was held at the house of William Griswold, Tues- 
 day, May 8, 1827 ; and the following named officers were elected : 
 
 Supervisor — Lyscom Mixer. Town Clerk — Enoch Haskins. Assessors — 
 Haven Brigham, Otis Ensign, Sheldon Stanley. Collector — Rodolphus 
 Simons. Com'rs of Highways — Nathaniel Loomis, William Ensign, John 
 N. Gregg. Overseers of Poor — Otis Ensign, Jonathan S. Pattison. Consta- 
 bles — Rodolphus Simons, Orlow Hart. Com'rs of Schools — Benjamin Brown- 
 ell, Royal Teft, Lyscom Mixer. Inspectors of Schools — Elihu Mason, Nathan- 
 iel Gray, Samuel Davis. [Of these, only Jonathan S. Pattison is living.] 
 Supervisors from 182"/ to iSy^. 
 
 Lyscom Mixer, 1827 to '30, and '32 — 5 years. Nathaniel Gray, 1831, 
 '3S> '3^- Nicholas Mallett, 1833. Leroy Farnham, 1834. Jonathan S. 
 Pattison, 1836, '37. Willard W. Brigham, 1839 to '42. John I. Eacker, 
 1^43) 53- John N. Gregg, 1844. Harry Hall, 1845 to '49. Edmund 
 Mead, 1850 to '52, '54, '56 — 5 years. Newton P. Smith, 1855. Newell 
 Gould, 1857. William O. Strong, 1858, '59. John C. Cranston, i860 to 
 '62. Buel ToUes, 1863 to '67, '69, '70 — 7 years. Joseph C. Doty, 1868, 
 '71, '72. George W. Eacker, 1873. Stewart Christy, 1874. Henry J. 
 Cranstqn, 1875. 
 
 Biographical and Genealogical. 
 
 Isaac Baldwin, born in Jeffrey, N. H., Oct. 12, 1763, removed with his 
 father to Mass., and thence to Halifax, Vt., where he was married to Parthena 
 Harris, in Sept., 1785. They subsequently removed to Pawlet, and thence 
 to the Holland Purchase. He purchased, in 1809, the north 254 acres of 
 lot 58, in Sheridan, and returned to Vermont. In the spring of 1810, he 
 came and built a log house, and cleared six acres, sowed his field with wheat, 
 and returned. In February, 181 1, he came the third time, bringing his two 
 oldest sons and the oldest daughter ; and returned soon after to move the 
 remainder of his large family. His removal was for a time deferred by the 
 declaration of war against Great Britain ; apprehending danger from Indians 
 in the wilderness in a frontier country. In September, 1812, they started in 
 an emigrant wagon with three horses, and, after a tedious journey of 45 days, 
 arrived at their new home. A 16 feet square hut, into which was stowed a 
 family of fifteen, was, to use the words of the narrator, " a pretty tight fit." 
 But the discomforts experienced in their small cabin without chimney or even 
 the minor conveniences of an ordinary cabin, were far less than some of 
 those they suffered on their journey. Nearly all the country west of the 
 Genesee river was a wilderness. The road between Buffalo and Cattaraugus 
 
536 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 creek — the terror of travelers at a much later day — was in some places all but 
 impassable. They entered the woods in a rain, and after prying up the load 
 and working along a few rods at a time, the wagon pitched into a deep slough, 
 and the neap came out, leaving the wagon to the axles in the mud. Imagine 
 their feelings in this dilemma — a father and mother with nine children, in a 
 dark night, and surrounded with a dense forest and mud and water, and no 
 inhabitant within two miles ! 
 
 They were not slow in devising relief One of the boys got on one of the 
 horses, and took the mother on behind him with a babe of eight months in 
 her arms. Another, with a girl or two behind, rode another horse ; and the 
 rest of the family trudged along on foot. At lo or ii o'clock they reached 
 the Cattaraugus without a serious mishap, though one of the boys and a 
 sister narrowly escaped a watery grave. Their horse, in trying to avoid the 
 mud, had got on a narrow ridge between the mud and the precipice on the 
 lake shore, when the horse's hind feet slipped, and the children came near 
 being thrown off; but the horse fortunately gathered up ; and they went on 
 unconscious of the fate they had escaped. On going for the wagon the next 
 morning, they found that the horse had slipped on the brink of the precipice, 
 and but for having regained his foothold, the horse and his riders would have 
 been plunged into the lake some fifty feet below ! After getting to the creek, 
 they were obliged to wait in the dark and rain nearly an hour before they 
 could get any one to ferry them over. They were two days in getting their 
 wagon through and repaired. Without further serious difficulty, they reached 
 their destination, traveling, however, the last two miles in an underbrush 
 path, through the woods. 
 
 In the fall of 1813, the second son having been drafted for the war, and 
 having but recently recovered from sickness, the father took his place as a 
 substitute, and went to BuflFalo, and was in the battle of Black Rock. 
 
 Early in life he was a Congregationalist ; but afterwards united with the 
 Methodist church, of which he was a prominent and an efficient member 
 until his death in January, 1842. His wife died in January, 1832. 
 
 Isaac Baldwin had 14 children, all of whom, except one, lived to have 
 families. They were : i. Anna, who died in childhood. 2. Isaac, who 
 moved to Penn., and died there in his 78th year. 3. William, who married 
 Amy Lewis, and died in Arkwright, in his yist year. 4. Parthma, wife oi 
 Horace Clough ; removed to Erie Co., N. Y., and died there. 5. Elizabeth, 
 wife of Frederic Bail, finally moved to Erie Co., Pa., where she died. 6. 
 Jesse, who married Martha Skiff, who died, leaving 2 sons and 3 daughters, 
 all living in Sheridan. He married, second, Hannah Mumford, who died 
 leaving 2 daughters, one of them deceased ; the other went to California, 
 was married, and removed to Washington territory, with whom her father has 
 gone to live. 7. Harvey, who married Filey Harris, settled in Arkwright, 
 and is now near Sheridan Center. 8. Rachtl, wife of Ebenezer Harris, at 
 the Center. 9. Levi, [see sketch in the history of Arkwright.] 10. Hosea, 
 who married Maria Christy, and after her death, her sister Freelove, and lives 
 
SHERIDAN. 537 
 
 in Erie Co., N. Y. ii. Lydia, wife of Samuel A. Otis, now in Collins, N. Y. 
 12. Newton, who married Jane Tucker, and resides in Iowa. 13. Philomela, 
 wife of John Lyman, who died in Erie Co., Pa., leaving 2 small children, 
 who also soon died. 14. Benjamin F., who married Amanda Eaton, who 
 died, leaving 2 daughters ; and he married Mrs. Lydia Bull, and now lives 
 near Fredonia. 
 
 Jonathan Brigham, a native of Mass., and of Puritan descent, emi- 
 grated from Oneida county, in 1810, and settled in Sheridan ; and, in 1813, 
 removed to Mayville, where he died in July, 1848, in the house where his 
 son Edward Brigham now lives, at the age of 77, the only survivor of his 
 father's family. His eldest son, Stephen, bom in Mass., came to Sheridan, 
 in 1816, from Madison Co. Haven, his 2d son, came in 1810, with his wife 
 and his younger brother Winsor, who had in 1809 selected a mill site on the 
 Holmes tract, where he and Haven, in i8io, commenced the first saw-mill 
 built in Sheridan, and had it in operation in i8ii. Soon after the comple- 
 tion of the mill, Winsor sold his interest to Haven, and being by trade a 
 carpenter, took the contract for erecting the first county buildings at Mayville. 
 When Winsor came, in 1810, he brought on his back a pack weighing about 
 50 pounds, consisting of carpenters' tools, provisions, and clothing. Haven, 
 being a tanner, built a small tannery, the first in Sheridan. Winsor, after he 
 had finished the county buildings, returned and built the second saw-mill in 
 Sheridan, on Scott brook. In 1835, he took passage with Capt. Simeon Fox, 
 at Detroit, for Dunkirk. But in consequence of bad weather, Oapt. Fox passed 
 Dunkirk without landing, and Mr. Brigham died in the night, as was sup- 
 posed, of cholera, and was buried at Buffalo, but at what particular spot, none 
 of the family ever knew. 
 
 John Brigham, the brother next younger than Jonathan, and older than 
 Samuel, came from Madison Co., settled upon some wild land, where he lived 
 until August, 1828, when he and his wife died ; one on the 20th, the other 
 on the 2ist. Both were interred in one grave at Fredonia. A street leading 
 out of Dunkirk, and laid out by him, still bears his name. His son John, 
 with his wife and child, came with his father in 1808. Another son, James, 
 married, in 18 11, Fanny Risley. He assisted in the erection of the first mill 
 and ashery, and in the establishment of the first school and church, in Fre- 
 donia ; and selected the site of the first grave in the large cemetery. 
 
 Samuel Brigham, brother of Jonathan and John, took up land at Chad- 
 wick's, [Dunkirk,] and died in 1811, in Oneida county. Joel Brigham, his 
 eldest son, and the only one who came to this county, settled, soon after, on 
 the lot taken up by his father. A few years after, he went to Buffalo with 
 Capt. Perkins, by lake, taking with him a wagon for sale, for which there was 
 no need in this wooden country. He returned on foot ; and when in the 
 " four mile woods," about a mile beyond Cattaraugus creek, he heard the 
 report of a gun, and felt a pain similar to a " bee sting." On looking around, 
 he spied a young Indian beside a tree, preparing to load his gun to fire 
 again ; but having broken his ramrod, he could not get the ball down. He 
 
538 HISTORV OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 shook his cane at the young redskin, and made some threats. He soon 
 found that he had been shot through the body; the ball having entered near 
 the back-bone, and passed through the fold of the intestines, and out in 
 front, two inches from the navel. Beginning to suffer intense pain, and be- 
 coming weak, he feared he could not reach the abode of a white man, and 
 on a scrap of paper, wrote with a piece of lead, an explanation of his condi- 
 tion. He succeeded, however, in getting near Mack's ferry, where he was 
 heard calling for assistance. He was carried to Mack's tavern, where he was 
 for several days unconscious and deranged. Surgeons from Buffalo attended 
 him ; but he was confined two or three months. On the return of conscious- 
 ness, he thought he could identify the offender, if brought into his presence. 
 Mr. Mack had a number of Indians brought before Brigham, who at once 
 recognized the assassin, Longfinger, about 17 years of age. He was found 
 guilty, and imprisoned in Buffalo jail 30 days. Though Brigham lived many 
 years, his injuries are supposed to have hastened his death. He died in 
 Ohio. 
 
 Haven Brigham, second son of Jonathan, and brother of Stephen and 
 VVinsor, came to Sheridan in 1810, as has been stated, [sketch 0/ Jonathan 
 Brigham.] He built, about 1815, a schooner of 40 tons, named Kingbird, 
 th'e command of which he gave to Zephaniah Perkins, a native of Vt., who 
 ran her between Dunkirk and Buffalo, freighting her down with lumber from 
 his mill, and back with merchandise and other goods for the people of Dun- 
 kirk and FredcJnia. Capt. Perkins is said to have become a great favorite, 
 being a man of great courage and very trustworthy. It is related of him, that, 
 when a mate under Capt. Fox, a difference arose between them as to the 
 management of Capt. Fox's vessel in a gale. The captain ran her into Catta- 
 raugus creek for safety. Perkins, conceiving such a course extremely dan- 
 gerous, forced Capt. Fox into the hold ; put the vessel to sea, and rode out 
 the gale in safety. Capt. Perkins once saved a drowning child at Buffalo, 
 while a crowd was standing by. 
 
 John Gray removed from Sherburne, Chenango Co., N. Y., to Sheridan, 
 in 181 8. His family is distinguished, from the fact that most of his sons 
 were either physicians or preachers of the gospel ; and some of them prac- 
 ticed in both these professions. John Gray, generally known as Judge Gray, 
 from his having held the office of judge, had six sons, who were residents of 
 Chautauqua county. They are as follows, though they may not be named 
 according to their seniority of birth : i. Nathaniel Gray, who came with his 
 father to Sheridan, and became a prominent citizen. He took an active part 
 in getting the town of Sheridan set off, and giving it its name. He was, in 
 1831, '35, '38, supervisor of the town, a justice of the peace, and in 1833 ^ 
 member of assembly. He was by trade a tanner and currier and shoemaker, 
 which business he carried on many years with a small farm. His health de- 
 clining, he sold his property and removed to Silver Creek, and after several 
 years to Forestville. 2. BlackUach B\, a Presbyterian clergyman, who 
 preached some years in Sheridan ; then a few years in Jamestown ; and then 
 
SHERIDAN. 539 
 
 at Brighton, Monroe Co.; and finally retired ^t Canandaigua. 3. John F., 
 an eminent physician [homoeopathic] in the city of New York. 4. Patrick, 
 who also became a physician, and, before he practiced, resided a while at 
 Jamestown; then went to Buffalo, and thence to Elmira, where he died. 5. 
 Alfred IV., who, at the age of 16, removed with his father to Sheridan, in 
 1 8 18, read medicine with Dr. Orin Crosby, of Fredonia, and Dr. Whitman, 
 of Madison, O., and was licensed by the Ohio Medical Society. He prac- 
 ticed at Madison about a year and a half, and returned to Sheridan, where 
 he married Valeria Dodd ; and after a few months' practice at Silver Creek, 
 removed ty Brownville, Jefferson Co., and practiced there from 1825 to 1832. 
 He was there an elder in the Presbyterian church, and in May, 1832, was 
 ordained as a minister, having relinquished a successful medical practice. 
 He removed to Chautauqua county, and preached with acceptance to the 
 churches at Ashville, Panama and Portland, for about 1 2 years, when, from 
 a diseased throat, his voice failed ; and he was compelled to leave the minis- 
 try, and return to his medical profession. He now adopted the homoeopathic 
 practice at Portland, about 1844, and in 1845 removed to Jamestown, and 
 was a partner of Dr. Wm. S. Hedges until r857, when he removed to Mil- 
 waukee, where he had for many years an extensive practice. 
 
 Jonathan Griswold, born in Lyme, Conn., in or about the year 1748, 
 was married, Nov. i, 1770, to Sarah Osborn, of New Haven, and removed 
 about 1805 from Bethlehem, Litchfield Co., to Spencertown, Columbia Co., 
 N. Y. ; and thence, in rSii, to Canadaway, now Sheridan, in this county, 
 with a large family. Two of his sons, Gerard and William, were among the 
 very early settlers in the town, as appears from the date of Gerard's purchase. 
 May, 1805. They had made considerable progress in clearing, and had 
 erected two log cabins when the father and family arrived. John E., the 
 youngest son, was then about 15 years of age. In 1852, he gave an account 
 of their removal, substantially as follows : 
 
 " We had a fatiguing journey of four weeks, with an ox team, through frost 
 and snow and mud, fording creeks, etc. At Canandaigua I left them for the 
 purpose of getting my brothers to assist them from Buffalo with additional 
 teams. I took for my expenses a five-dollar note and some change ; and be- 
 fore daylight I bounded into the road with a light heart, and took a ' bee-line' 
 for the Holland Purchase. I traveled two days on my small change ; and 
 when I presented my bill, lo ! it proved counterfeit. I had only one shilling 
 left. I went to bed without supper, and had a sleepless night. To go back 
 would cause delay, and bring us into the ' four-mile woods,' unable to extri- 
 cate ourselves ; or, in endeavoring to pass round the points at that time in 
 the year, we might all be buried in the lake. I resolved to push forward. 
 A bright idea struck me. I arose with the dawn, and told the landlord a 
 plain, unvarnished tale ; describing the team, the wagon, and the persons 
 accompanying them, especially my father — an old gray-headed man, above 
 60, with a staff in one hand and an ox-whip in the other, and, like Jacob of 
 old, halting upon one thigh, yet with head erect, and an energy of features 
 evincing a determination to wrestle with anything short of superhuman — at 
 least so I thought ; and sincerity is always eloquent. 
 
S40 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 " I believe I had raised af curiosity in the breast of Boniface to see the 
 ' old Yankee with the three-cattle team,' as he called them ; for he gave me 
 a dollar, and took an order on my father. I pulled on again with redoubled 
 strength and the dollar, minus the amount of my tavern bill ; passed through 
 Buffalo, a small village on a low, marshy piece of ground, and entered upon 
 the great Sahara of the Holland Purchase ; traveled all day without meeting 
 a person, and scarcely seeing a hut. I put up at a wretched cabin near a 
 couple of streams called the ' Two Sisters.' * * * Next day I crossed 
 the Cattaraugus at Mack's ferry, about noon, and paid my last sixpence to 
 a poor negro woman for a pint of boiled chestnuts (my only meal during the 
 day) with a ' God bless you, massa,' for the shining silver. I followed the 
 marked trees to the Big Black Walnut then standing in all its glory, giving 
 name to the creek near which it stood. With my tired limbs and astonished 
 vision, I made it thirteen paces in circumference, and finally emerged from 
 the almost impenetrable forest upon the log cabin of my oldest brother, 
 Gerard, at the center of township 6, range ii. Brother William started the 
 next day with a yoke of oxen to pull the three-cattle team out of the " four- 
 mile woods ; " and at Christmas, father, mother, and six of the eleven chil- 
 dren, feasted on pumpkin pies and dough nuts fried in bear's fat, around the 
 cheerful fire of a son and brother." 
 
 John E. Griswold was born in Connecticut, March 19, 1795, and re- 
 moved with his father's family to Spencertown, Columbia county, N. Y., and 
 thence, in 181 1, to Sheridan. An interesting account of the removal of the 
 family, written by the son, will be found on a preceding page. He was one 
 of the worthy settlers of Sheridan, and, it is said, a man of general intelli- 
 gence. In 1829, he was appointed postmaster at South Sheridan, the post- 
 office at his residence, where it remained many years. He was also several 
 years a justice of the peace. He was married, May 24, 1821, to Lucia Ann 
 Meacham, and died June 6, 1868. They had 6 children : i. Lavancia, born 
 October, 1825 ; married Stephen Whitaker, and is deceased. 2. Canning E., 
 bom February, 1827 ; married Mary Ann Rork, who died in 1868. 3. Cur- 
 ran F., born September, 1828 ; married Minerva Barnard, and resides in 
 Sheridan. 4. Ellen, born July, 1830; wife of Horatio Davidson; resides in 
 Geneseo, 111. 5. Irving, bom 1832, and resides on the old homestead. 6. 
 Darwin C, born 1836; died September, 1870. 
 
 Daniel Hibbard was born in Greenwich, Conn., in 1765, and was married 
 to Bethiah Gray. They were pioneer settlers in Sherburne, N. Y. ; whence 
 he removed with his family to Pomfret [now Sheridan,] in 181 1. He was a 
 farmer and shoemaker — a respected and worthy man. He removed, in 1834, 
 with his wife and all his children, except Mary, wife of Capt. Joseph Kenyon, 
 to North-east, Pa., where he died in 1840, aged 75. Mrs. H. died at Capt. 
 Kenyon's, in Jamestown, in 1854, aged 75. Luther, their eldest son, resided 
 some years in Sheridan before he removed to North-east. He died at North- 
 east, in 1843, leaving a widow and children. 
 
 Orsamus Holmes was bom October 11, 1757, at Pembroke, Mass. 
 He was the son of Hezekiah Holmes and Mercy Bisbee. Hezekiah was a 
 lieutenant in his Britannic Majesty's service, in the expedition against Crown 
 Point ; and served also in a regiment raised by the province of Massachusetts, 
 
c^ 
 
SHERIDAN. 541 
 
 for the reduction of Canada. Mr. Holmes moved from Pembroke to Pitts- 
 field, and, in May, 1775, when 18 years old, he enlisted in Capt Wm. Lusk's 
 company, attached to Col. Eaton's regiment, which soon after joined Gen. 
 Montgomery's army at Crown Point. Thence they moved down, in Septem- 
 ber, to St. John's, where they encamped in front of the British forces, on 
 marshy ground, so inundated by the heavy rains, that they were obliged to 
 lay brush on poles supported by forked stakes, to keep their beds from the 
 water. This caused great sickness among the troops thus exposed. Col. 
 Eaton's regiment, reduced by sickness and privation to 200 effective men, 
 were dispatched to Sorel to intercept the British, who were about evacuating 
 Montreal. They succeeded, with their small force, in capturing eleven ves- 
 sels, deeply laden with clothing and military stores, a short distance above 
 the mouth of the Sorel. Mr. Holmes remained with the army until the ex- 
 piration of his enlistment, in November, 1775. In December following, he 
 again enlisted at Sorel. He remained with the army before Quebec, until 
 April, 1776, when, his enlistment having expired, he reenlisted. In May, 
 the siege of Quebec being raised, the army proceeded to Ticonderoga and 
 Mt. Independence, and was attached to Gen. Patterson's brigade. Gen. P., 
 being ordered to the relief of the Southern army, marched with his brigade 
 to MorristoVvn, New Jersey. Mr. Holmes' enlistment having again expired, 
 Dec. 31, 1776, he enlisted in a company of rangers, attached to a Green 
 Mountain corps, and the next November he participated in the capture of 
 Mt. Defiance. Having ventured too far from the lines at Bellows Bay, he, 
 with a single companion, was taken prisoner, and conveyed to the island of 
 Orleans, nine miles below Quebec. Thrice, with about sixty other persons, 
 he was put on board of a prison ship, at Quebec. On the night of July 27, 
 1778, he, with three others, made his escape in the ship's boat, the ship's 
 watch and three sentinels being on the deck at the time. They crossed the 
 St. Lawrence under the protection of the night, and plunged into the dense 
 forests that lay between Quebec and the American settlements. For 17 days 
 they pursued their way, without compass or guide, through the drear}' wilder- 
 ness, subsisting, the first seven days, on four hard t)iscuits and about eight 
 ounces of salt pork per day for each man, and after that, for the remaining 
 ten days, on the inner bark of the white pine tree. On the 17 th day after 
 their escape, they were all recaptured by a party of Indians, and conveyed to 
 Montreal, and again confined in the Provost prison, where, after about a 
 month's confinement, Mr. Holmes, with Roberts and Pugh, again escaped, 
 by leaping from the second-story window of the prison. The prisoners had 
 a guard of eighteen men, three of whom were on duty. After clearing the 
 building, they made for the outer gate of the prison yard, and attacked the 
 sentinel, who slightly wounded one of them. The sentinel being overpow- 
 ered, and the gate forced, they ran for the city wall, which they scaled, and 
 reached the St. Lawrence about two miles below the city. Here they found 
 a canoe, without paddles ; but, with the aid of two stakes from a fence, they 
 succeeded in crossing the river, which was four miles wide at that point, and 
 
542 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 plunged again into the forest. Soon after they had escaped, they heard the 
 bells of the city sounding the alarm. After encountering a series of hardships 
 and dangers, being pursued and pressed by the Indians, whose grasp they 
 twice eluded by strategem, and crossing the Chamblee, Missisque, and La 
 Moille rivers, they reached the frontier settlement of Monkton, Vermont, on 
 the fourteenth day after their escape. This closed Mr. Holmes' connection 
 with the Revolutionary army. He now resumed his residence at Springfield, 
 and, on the i8th of February, 1780, married Ruth Webb, daughter of Disbro 
 and Jerusha Webb, of Charlestown, N. H. 
 
 During a tour made in the western country, in 1804, Mr. Holmes selected 
 the farm in Sheridan, which he purchased of the Holland Company the fol- 
 lowing year, about 3 miles east of Fredonia. In the winter of 1804-5, he 
 left Sherburne, with his sons, Alanson and Origen, to prepare accommoda- 
 tions for his family in their proposed western home. In June, 1805, the 
 rest of the family followed in a covered two-horse spring carriage, occupied 
 by his wife and seven children. At Bloomfield, they were met by Mr. 
 Holmes on horseback. As a side-saddle formed a part of their equipage, it 
 was used by the females of the party, by turns. They passed through Buf- 
 falo, which they found to be a small settlement, consisting of Crow's tavern, 
 a blacksmith shop, one or two stores, a bakery, and a few scattered dwellings. 
 They forded Buffalo creek, and followed the beach of the lake, then the only 
 highway, spending the first night eight miles west of Buffalo ; the next night 
 at the mouth of Eighteen Mile creek ; and the next, on Cattaraugus creek, 
 at Capt. Sydnor's, who is described by the party as being an elegant penman 
 and a perfect gentleman. His widow was married to Zenas Barker, now 
 living at Sandusky. At Silver Creek, they found a resident by the name of 
 Dickinson, and a few miles farther on, a settler by the name of Francis 
 Webber. They reached their new home the same day on which they left 
 Cattaraugus creek. 
 
 The family patiently endured the hardships incident to life in a border 
 settlement. Mr. Holmes became a prominent man in the vicinity, and was 
 distinguished for his sound judgment and exemplary life. The settlers 
 always found him a ready and willing adviser. His home was ever open to 
 receive them. Many deeds of charity are related to his credit. 
 
 Mr. Holmes held the office of postmaster many years, and was an elder in 
 the Presbyterian church. He parceled out his large farm to his children as 
 they married, retaining for his use the old homestead and a few acres adjoin- 
 ing, which he continued to occupy with his wife, until his children, one by 
 one, sold out their possessions, and emigrated West. Unable to live a soli- 
 tary life, apart from his kindred, he parted with the old homestead, and, at the 
 age of 76, removed to the town of Killbuck, Holmes Co., Ohio, where his 
 oldest son, Abner, resided. He remained there until August 26, 1835, when 
 he died, aged 78. His widow, Ruth, died on the 7th of October following. 
 Both are buried at Oxford, in the same county. Mr. Holmes had eleven 
 children: i. Alanson, who married Olive Lee, and died Jan. 3, 18 18, aged 
 
Jcm^ccM^u^ ^y^S^^^^ 
 
SHERIDAN. 543 
 
 37 years. 2. Abner, who married Betsey Young, and died February 17, 
 1859, aged 76 years. 3. Brilliant, who married John Scott, of Mayville, 
 and died in Lee county, 111., in 1853, aged 68. 4. Ongen,-who died January 
 I, 1806, aged 18. 5. J?utA, who married Dr. John E. Marshall, first clerk 
 of Chautauqua Co., and who is still living with her son, O. H. Marshall, of 
 Buffalo, at the advanced age of 85 years, the sole survivor of her ten brothers 
 and sisters. 6. Augustine, who died, unmarried, June 24, 1802, aged 9 
 years. 7. Myron, who married Sally Taylor, and died in Joliet, 111. 8. 
 Asher, who married Eliza Ellmore, and died in Will county. 111., January 24, 
 1854, aged 56. 9. Laurana, who married Louis Wooster, and died in Wis- 
 consin, September 17, i860, aged 60 years. 10. William, twin brother of 
 Laurana, who died an infant. 11. Augustine, who married Sarah Ley, and 
 died in Myerstown, Penn., October 18, 1849, aged 46 years. 
 
 Edmund Mead, from New York, came to Sheridan, and commenced the 
 mercantile business in 1830; and two years after, settled on land at the 
 center of the town, near where he now resides. He held the offices of 
 supervisor of the town and justice of the peace. He was married to Susan 
 Doty, and had 7 sons and 7 daughters, of whom 3 sons and 6 daughters 
 passed the age of infancy : Ralph, who married Ann Gould ; is railroad con- 
 ductor, Hornellsville ; Benjamin F., who married Emma Pierson, and resides 
 in North Carolina ; Mary Elizabeth, wife of Marshal E. Rice, Hamilton, 
 Canada ; Susan C, wife of John B. Pattison, Sheridan ; Eleanor F., Caroline 
 A., Emma L., William H., -Rachel Anna. 
 
 Robert Pattison was born in Massachusetts about the year 1752, and 
 removed to Eaton, Madison Co., N. Y., and thence, in 1809, to Hanover, 
 near Forestville, where he resided until his death, in May, 1825, aged 73. 
 
 Jonathan S. Pattison was born in Hartford, Washington Co., N. Y., 
 April I, 1791, and was married, Dec. 25, 1812, to Polly Stebbins, in Sheri- 
 dan, who was born Dec. 14, 1793. He settled, in 181 6, on the lot where his 
 son Albert now resides. He served in the war of 1812, in Martin B. Tubbs' 
 company, at Buffalo. He was supervisor of Sheridan in 1836 and 1837, and 
 served in other town offices. He was an active friend of temperance ; and 
 as the result of his labors and those of other friends of fhe cause, licenses 
 were refused, and a permanent reform was effected ; licenses have not been 
 granted for the last twenty years. He was promoted to lieutenant and cap- 
 tain; and was commissioned a major, but declined accepting the office. His 
 children were : i. Chloett, who married Hunaman Stone, and died in Dec, 
 1852. She had 4 children : La villa, wife of Milo Kellogg, and resides in 
 Viller^ova ; Sarah, wife of Willard Johnson, Sheridan ; Francis, who married 
 
 Kelly, and resides in Fredonia ; and Delbert, who married Elizabeth 
 
 Nichols, and resides in Hanover. 2. 5a//c ^««, who died at 22, unmarried. 
 
 3. Jonathan S.,Jr., who married Cornelia Green, and had 4 children: George 
 and Cass, now living ; Dallas and Emma, who both died at about five years. 
 
 4. Emetine, wife of Abraham K. Johnson, who resides in McKean Co., Pa., 
 and has a daughter, Laura. 5. Laura, wife of Miller Nelson, and removed 
 
544 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 to Kingsville, O. 6. Albert, who married Sophia McDonald, and resides on 
 the farm on which his father settled. Children : Eugene, who married 
 Emma Paddock, and is a lawyer at Dunkirk, and has a daughter ; Preston, 
 now at Hamilton College; Ellen, wife of Cornelius Morrison, and resides in 
 Penn. ; Jonathan S.,at his father's; and Mary, who died young. 7. Marilla, 
 who married Hiram Wheelock, and died at 22, leaving a daughter. Her hus- 
 band and a child, and then herself, all died within the space of four months. 
 8. Eliza, who died at 10. 9. Elizabeth, who died at 19. 10. Sonora, who 
 died in childhood. 
 
 SHERMAN. 
 
 Sherman was formed from Mina, April 7, 1832. It comprises township 
 2, range 14, as described by the Holland Company's survey, and contains 36 
 square miles ; its south and west line being 6 miles from the state of Penn- 
 sylvania. Its surface is described as being rolling and hilly, broken by the 
 deep ravines of the streams. It is drained by French creek and its tributa- 
 ries. This stream, running in a southerly direction through Sherman village, 
 crosses the west hne of the town about i J^ miles from the south-west corner. 
 The soil is clay and sandy loam. Sherman village is in the north part of the 
 town, where is a post-office, and near it is a station on the Buffalo, Corry & 
 Pittsburgh railroad. The population of the village was, in 1870, 610. Cen- 
 ter Sherman is also a post-office in the south-west part of the town. 
 
 Sherman was settled with unusual rapidity. The settlement of French 
 Creek was commenced in 1812; of Mina, about 1815 ; of Clymer, in 1820; 
 and of Sherman, in 1823. The Company's books show a greater number of 
 original purchasers of lands in Sherman from 1825 to 1828, than in any other 
 town of equal size in the county, during an equal period of time. Only a 
 part of these purchasers are named in the subjoined list. The names of 
 many of the early and temporary settlers are omitted. 
 
 Original Purchases in Township 2, Range 14.. 
 
 1823. March, Jonathan R. Reynolds, 32. April, David Fuller, 24. June, 
 Joel D. Cornish, 47. October, Otis Skinner, 24. 
 
 1824. February, Alanson Weed, 31. April, Lester R. Dewey, 39. May, 
 Ransom Felton, 63. September, Hiram N. Gleason, 24. 
 
 1825. January, Joshua La Due, 34. February, Osmand Hall, 36. April, 
 Hazard Wilcox, 64. May, Loren Park, 59. Cyrus Pitts, 59. Elisha A. 
 Eades, 53. Dearing Dorman, 22. June, Larry Wilcox, 48. James Otta- 
 way, 62. Sampson Vincent, 20. Charles Hawley, 29, 37. Wm. Williams, 
 29. September, Jedediah and Elliot B. Smith, 37. Geo. Sampson and 
 Phineas Bailey, 60. Major D. Reynolds, 16. Nov., John C. Wilcox, 56. 
 
 1826. September, Barney Bratt, 29. Eliab Skeels, 61. Wm. Buss, 61. 
 October, Lansing Buck, 25. November, Julius Willard, Jr., 13, Wni. May- 
 bom, 61. Rufus Ransom, 51. 
 
SHERMAN. 545 
 
 1827. March, Isaac Willard, 10. Josiah Wait, £i. Warren Hannum, 
 26. Harvey W. Goff, 22. October, James Bates, 5. John Miller, 7. No- 
 vember, Jesse Newell, 25. 
 
 1828. March, Gershom Wait, 11. September, Thaddeus Tibbals, 5. 
 December, Loren Stebbins, — . Josiah Wait, 11. 
 
 [A considerable portion of the land in this township remained unsold at 
 the date last above mentioned. The Holland Company's books in the land- 
 office contain no record of later sales in this town. The unsold lands passed, 
 in 1836, to the new proprietors, Wm. H. Seward and others.] 
 
 Respecting the first settlement of this town, statements are somewhat con- 
 fused and conflicting. The first settler, it is believed, is generally supposed 
 to be Bearing Dorman, from the vicinity of Batavia, Genesee Co., in 1823. 
 In a series of " Fragments of our Town History," written for the Sherman 
 News, by the' late Hiram N. Gleason, Esq., a few years ago, is the following : 
 
 " Mr. Bearing Borman is believed to have been the first actual resident of 
 the territory embraced within the limits of the town of Sherman. He locat- 
 ed on lot No. 32, in 1823, erected a 'shanty,' covered it with bark, laid a 
 floor of split logs, kindled a fire in the end, and introduced his youthful 
 bride to her new home. A short time after the location of Mr. Borman, 
 Harvey W. Goff" erected a ' shanty ' on lot No. 2, as a residence. There, 
 too, was the speedy increase of population by the addition of a little ' depend- 
 ent' In the spring of 1824, Alanson Weed erected a log house on lot 31, 
 and removed his family from Ellery in this county. Buring the same sum- 
 mer, Otis Skinner built and occupied a shanty on lot 24. Jonathan R. 
 Reynolds built a log house on lot 32, in the fall of the same year, and occu- 
 pied it with the family of his father. The above named were, at the last 
 mentioned date, the only families residing in this township. Several young 
 unmarried men — of whom the only remaining residents in town are Lester 
 R. Bewey and Hiram N. Gleason — were ardently engaged in felling the 
 forest, and clearing a spot large enough whereon to build a log house 20 by 
 24 feet, but taking good care that all trees standing within reach of, and 
 leaning toward the point designated for the important edifice, should be sea- 
 sonably prostrated." 
 
 Mr. Dorman, the next year after his settlement, raised an acre of wheat — 
 30 bushels — said to have been the first crop raised in town. The same year 
 or the next, his son ArchibaW was born. This was the first birth in town. 
 The first marriage was that of Lester R. Bewey and Fanny Patterson, Otis 
 Skinner, the first justice in town, officiating. Mr. Skinner is also said to have 
 taught the first school, in his own house, in the winter of 1828-29. Mr. 
 Gleason, however, says a school was, in 1825, formed of territory adjoiaing 
 Chautauqua, and " a school was ere long established, which has been con- 
 tinued to the present time." 
 
 Though settled at a much later date than most of the other towns in the 
 county, the experience of the settlers was nearly the Same. The procuring 
 of breadstuff's, though attended with great inconvenience before the erection 
 of mills in the town, was not so difficult as in the case of the pioneers of 
 some of the earliest settled towns, who were compelled to get grain and 
 35 
 
546 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 flour from Erie and other places in Pennsylvania, from Niagara Falls, and 
 even from Canada. Some of their difficulties are thus stated by Mr. Gleason : 
 
 " There was not an open highway in town ; not an acre of turf; not a saw- 
 mill within many miles ; and the grist-mill was still more remote. There 
 was indeed a hand-mill somewhere in the neighborhood of Chautauqua lake, 
 owned by a Mr. Wing, to which, in cases of urgent necessity, some resorted 
 to crack their com. The lumber for roofing some of the first houses, was 
 hauled through the woods from Mayville, having been wafted in rafts, by 
 propitious gales, from the southern extremity of the lake, where was a saw- 
 mill. Settlers who could not procure lumber, used bark for covering their 
 dwellings, or made troughs of a split linden log, placing two side by side, 
 and laying the third in a reverse position over the edges of the two. It was 
 under such unpropitious circumstances that the settlement was commenced. 
 The first families were emigrants, or the immediate descendants of emigrants, 
 from favored New England — of sound character, good intelligence, and 
 withal well schooled in the patriotic principles and persevering industry of 
 the pilgrims of Plymouth Rock." 
 
 In the north-west part of the town, Benjamin Boorman, from England, 
 settled in 1825, on lot 62, bought in 1824, and resided alternately in Sher- 
 man and Mina, until 1872. He now resides with his son Joseph, i^ miles 
 west from the village. Edwin, the eldest son, settled on lot 61, where he 
 resides; John resides in the West ; and Benjamin, in California ; Mary, wife 
 of Gilead Dodge, in Minnesota; Charlotte was the wife of Thomas M. 
 Sparks, who died in the army; Sarah, wife of John E., son of James Otta- 
 way, lives on his father's homestead ; Emily U., wife of Daniel Frits, lives in 
 Sherman. WiUiam Maybom settled on lot 61 ; afterwards permanently on 
 62. John Thorp, also from England, came about 1838, and settled on the 
 north-east part of 62. Richard Buss, an Englishman, came in 1826, and 
 settled on lot 63. Joel Hill settled early on lot 64 ; was a blacksmith ; 
 removed to the village ; and, after working there at his trade many years, 
 removed to Pleasant Valley, in the west part of the town, where he now 
 resides, and has long held the office of deacon in the Baptist church. Cuv- 
 ler Dean settled on lot 64 ; was a blacksmith ; afterwards removed to the 
 village, and worked many years at his trade. 
 
 In the west part of the town, Bela L. Butler settled early on lot 52; had 
 a large family, and was for many years a justice of the peace ; his lands 
 afterwards owned by Joseph S. and William Bell. Loren Park settled on 
 lot 59, bought in 1825 ; lately removed to Sherman village. In this neigh- 
 borhood, [lot 51,] was formerly a post-office, which, though several miles 
 from the center of the town, was called Center Sherman post-office. 
 
 In the south-west part, Charles and Benjamin Ross, from Chenango county, 
 settled in 1825. Charles removed to Mina. Benjamin remained in Sher- 
 man until his death, March 20, 1870. His daughter Almira married Orra 
 Barley, and after his death, John Kidder ; they reside on her father's home- 
 stead. A son, Benjamin, married Isabel, daughter of John Kidder ; Loren, 
 another son, Louisa Buss. The wife of Benjamin Ross was Samantha 
 
SHERMAN. 547 
 
 Heath, now the second wife of Loren Park. Of the sons of Mr. Ross, only 
 Artemas, a lawyer at Clymer, is a resident of the county. A few years after 
 Mr. Ross, came Miles Mark, George Williams, Wilber Palmer, and Dennis 
 Heath. 
 
 In the vicinity of Wait^s Corners, Sampson Vincent bought a large tract of 
 land, lot 20, and adjacent lands, on which he built a saw-mill. His sons 
 were Jay, James P. S., Jeremiah H., Drusser B., Walker B., John, William, 
 and Stephen. Of the eight sons, only James, Walker, William, and Stephen 
 reside in town. Three daughters were Rachel, Sarah, and Phebe ; the last, 
 the only one living, is the wife of Edmund Jennings. Gershom Waite, in 
 1828, bought a part of lot 11, where he and his sons, Josiah and William, 
 settled, from whom the " Corners " take their name. William H. Keeler 
 settled on lot 28, where, for a time, he kept a store. He had two sons, Os- 
 borne, deceased ; and William Henry, who resides in the " oil country." 
 
 In the east part of the town, Thaddeus Tibbals settled on lot 5, which he 
 bought in 1828, where he resided till he died, in 1874, at the age of 93. 
 His son Hiram lives on the homestead. 
 
 In the north part, Aretas Skinner, from Chenango Co., bought of his 
 brother Otis, in 1825 or 1826, a part of lot 24, where he died. He was mar- 
 ried, first, to Henrietta Day; second, to Malintha Hart A son, Otis, and his 
 mother live on the homestead ; George, another son, is in Kansas. Daugh- 
 ters : Adaline and Emily, the latter the second wife of Stephen Gushing, of 
 this town. Alanson Weed, from EUery, settled on lot 31, in 1824; built a 
 saw-mill ; and was a justice of the peace. George Hart, from Connecticut, 
 settled early on lot 23 ; was a cloth-dresser by trade, and worked for Kip & 
 Miller. 
 
 In the south part of the town, John La Due, in August, 1825, bought lot 
 34, on which, it is said, he and Jesse Newell built each a log house in March, 
 1826; and, in the ensuing summer, each built a small frame house; the 
 former on lot 29; the latter, on 38. La Due subsequently resided in other 
 towns, [see sketch.] 
 
 Th^ first town-meeting was held in 1833. The early town records having 
 been lost, the officers elected at that meeting can not be ascertained, except 
 the supervisor. 
 
 Supeniisors from 1833 to iSyj. 
 
 Otis Skinner, 1833, 35, '38. Benjamin H. Kip, 1834, '48, '49. Loren 
 Park, 1836, '37, '51, '55. Piatt S. Osbom, 1839, '44, '45. Lucius Cook, 
 1840 to '42. George Hart, 1843. John P: Hall, 1846, '47. Lester R. 
 Dewey, 1850. Lewis Sperry, 1852, '53. Benj. J. Coffin, 1854. Wm. Green, 
 1856, '57. Miles J. Clark, 1858, '59. Henry Bliss, i860, '61. Henry W. 
 Sperry, 1862 to '65, '68. Sylvanus H. Myrick, 1866. Henry Sheldon, 1867. 
 Alfred W. Benson, 1869. John T. Green, 1870 to '72, '74. Virgil A. Fen- 
 ner, 1873. Jerome J. Dean, 1875. 
 
 The first saw-mill was built in 1825, by Alanson Weed, on the site of the 
 mill afterward sold to Lester R. Dewey, on lot 31. The second saw-mill 
 
548 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 was built in 1827 or 1828, about 2^/2 miles below the village, by Elder 
 Orange Spencer and his son-in-law, Eliab Skeels ; and the first log sawed in 
 it was for Loren Park, who settled in 1825, about 4 miles south-west from 
 the village, on lot 59. A year or two after, Spencer & Skeels attached to 
 their mill machinery for grinding, which was the first ^rist-mt// m town. For 
 this, Obed Aldrich soon after substituted a complete mill, with two sets of 
 burr stones, on the opposite side of the stream, on the same water-power. 
 In May, 1832, Benjamin H. Kip, Otis Miller, and Elijah Miller, purchased 
 the mill site on French creek, and lands contiguous, upon which the village 
 of Sherman now stands. Under the firm of Miller & Kip, they immediately 
 proceeded to erect a saw-mill ; and, in the ensuing spring, built a wool-card- 
 ing and cloth-dressing establishment. [According to another statement, the 
 mill was built in 1833, and the carding and cloth-dressing works in 1834.] 
 Otis Miller, about the same time, erected a blacksmith shop on the site now 
 occupied by Orrin Hopkins; and a tannery on that now occupied by Messrs. 
 Osborne. "In 1838," says Mr. Gleason, "Mr. Kip and Elijah Miller 
 erected a grist-mill, which proved of great utility to the inhabitants of this 
 and the adjoining towns. Thus they, [the Millers and Mr. Kip,] became 
 prominent in our town's history, and early laid the foundation of that pros- 
 perity which has fallen to the lot of those who have succeeded them in this 
 village." They are all deceased. Otis Miller died in 1839 while on a visit 
 to Michigan; Mr. Kip, in 1850, in this town ; Elijah Miller, in 1852, also in 
 this town. 
 
 About the same time that Spencer & Skeels built their saw-mill, or soon 
 after, Josiah R. Keeler is said to have " opened a small assortment of goods 
 in the house of Asahel Hall, and immediately after erected a store and an 
 ashery.'' It is also said that Elijah Miller put in his carding building, before 
 the works were ready for operation, a stock of goods, and was the first mer- 
 chant in Sherman village. 
 
 A saw-mill was built by Charles Ross, about 4 miles south of the village, 
 on French creek ; was twice rebuilt, and has been discontinued. A saw-mill 
 was built by Moses Derby, about 1854 or '55, and is now owned by Royal 
 E. Park, who has converted it into a steam mill. Connected with the saw- 
 mill is a machine for the manufacture of shingles and lath, and for turning. 
 A steam mill was also erected by George Willis and Chauncey Heath, in 
 1872, on the site of the Ross mill. 
 
 Biographical and Genealogical. 
 
 Richard Buss, from England, settled on lot 62, in 1826, where he died 
 in 1861. His sons were : William, original purchaser of lot 61, subsequent- 
 ly owned by Edward Boorman, removed to Westfield, and now lives in Erie • 
 Edward, who resides in Mina ; John, in Hudson, Ohio, where he was many 
 years a merchant ; Richard, on lot 63 ; and George, on the homestead. A 
 daughter, Mary, is the wife of Ora B. Pelton, Mina ; Anna, wife of Stephen 
 Hewitt, deceased, lives with her son-in-law. Homer Ottaway, in Sherman. 
 
SHERMAN. 549 
 
 Lester R. Dewey was born in Herkimer, N. Y., July 24, 1802, and was 
 married, March 23, 1825, to Faimy Patterson, who was bom in Pompey, 
 N. Y., Oct. 6, 1802. He came to Chautauqua Co., and settled on lot 39, now 
 in Sherman, which he bought in 1824, where he resided many years. He 
 subsequently removed to the village, where his wife died. His was the first 
 marriage in this town, and was solemnized by Otis Skinner, the first justice in 
 the town. He held several town offices, and in 1850 was supervisor. His 
 children were: 1. Calista ^««, wife of Charles Hall, in Sherman village, who 
 had 4 children : Osmand L., who married Mary Barber; Franklin C, who mar- 
 ried Roxa Driggs, of Westfield, and lives in New York ; Fanny A. ; and Lophe- 
 lia M., who died at 18. 2. Talcott P., who married Mary Benson, removed 
 to Iowa, and died there in March, 1874. They had three pair of twin daugh- 
 ters, of whom are living. Lunette, wife of James Fay ; and Lorette, wife of 
 Andrew Hessner, both at Strawberry Point, Iowa ; Alpa ; Jay ; and Fanny. 
 The father and five children are deceased ; and the mother and five children 
 living. 3. Perry C, who married Sarah Gill, and after her death, Matilda 
 Goldsmith; had 3 children; two, Squire and Sarah, are living. 4. Alfred B., 
 who married Maria Hubbard, and lives in the village. 5. Margaretta K., wife 
 of Merritt Wolcott, whose children are Luella, Lester, Juliana, Carrie, and 
 Dewey. 6. Lester R.,Jr., who married Laura Benson, and had 3 children, 
 2 living, Mary and Eddie. 7. Chauncey M., who died in infancy. 8. Tyler 
 7!, who married Ellen Wilcox, and has three children, Ernest, Bamett, and 
 Fanny. 
 
 Dearing Dorman, born in New Haven, Conn., Dec. 20, 1797, removed 
 to Batavia, N. Y., in 1804, and thence, in 1833, to this town, on lot 32, and 
 afterwards settled on lot 22. In 1858, he femoved to the village, where he 
 now resides. He was the first settler in this town, and raised the first crop. 
 [See p. 545.] He was married in 1 818 to Huldah Perkins, by whom he had 
 12 children, besides two that died in infancy: i. Amasa, who married Mary 
 Ann Wood, and lives at Union, Pa. 2. Archibald, who was the first child 
 bom in this town, and married Jane Stoddard, and lives in Chautauqua. 3. 
 Luzerne, who married Mrs. Mary Huntley, and lives in Sherman. 4. Albert, 
 who married Susan Horton, and resides in Sherman. 5. Elvira, wife of 
 Gabriel Odell, Mayville. 6. Walter, who married Mary Anderson, and re- 
 sides in Sherman. 7. jB&a, wife of Simeon Brumaghim, French Creek. 8. 
 Emeline, who married Calvin Messenger ; live in Chautauqua. 9. Betsey, 
 wife of George Messenger, in Harmony. 10. Dearing, married, and lives in 
 Pennsylvania. 11. Huldah, who married Andrew Perkins ; resided in Ohio, 
 where she died two years ago. 12. Riley, who married Hannah Haskins, 
 and resides in Allegany Co. Mrs. Huldah Dorman died in 1866 ; and Mr. 
 Dorman married for his second wife, Mary, widow of Addison Elderkin. Her 
 maiden name was Mary Horton. 
 
 Hiram N. Gleason, ^n of David H. Gleason, was bora in Farmington, 
 Conn., April 17, 1800, and was married to Sarah Root, of that town. In 
 September, 1824, he came to Sherman, and settled on lot 24, where he 
 
S50 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 resided until about 1850. He was among the most prominent and highly 
 esteemed citizens in this town. His occupation was that of a farmer, having 
 cleared and cultivated about 100 acres of land. He also served the public 
 in various capacities. He was a magistrate in the town 16 years; was a 
 commissioner of deeds, and a notary public. His general intelligence and 
 knowledge of business, fitted him for drawing contracts and other instruments 
 of writing. For this service he was much employed by his fellow townsmen. 
 He was a member of the Presbyterian church of this town, from the time 
 the church was organized until his death, May 28, 1872. Mr. Gleason was 
 twice married. He had by his first wife 7 children : Francis M., Horace W., 
 Gustavus L., Charles G., Charles E., Sarah Isabel, and Mary Antoinette ; all 
 of whom have died, except Horace W., who was married to Ann Whitehill, 
 of North-east, Pa., Feb. 14, 1855, and now lives in Mexico City, Missouri. 
 H. N. Gleason was married, second, to Mrs. Abigail Hill, of Mina, Dec. 3, 
 1863, who had 2 children : Sarah Antoinette, bom March 17, 1865, and died 
 May 16, 1868; and Hiram N. Ernest, bom September 16, 1866, and is still 
 living. The mother of Mr. Gleason was Isabel North before her marriage, 
 born in 1780, and was one of the descendants of those who came from 
 England to Hartford with Rev. Mr. Hooker. 
 
 Charles Hawley, a native of Massachusetts, settled on lot 29, bought 
 of Bama Bratt, the place being subsequently known as Presbyterian Hill, 
 where was built, the first Congregational meeting-house, the land on which it 
 was built being a donation from Mr. Hawley. [See Presbyterian Church.] 
 He resided where he at first settled, until his death. His son Charles resides 
 on the homestead. Armenia,'a daughter, the wife of the late Wm. Pelton, 
 of Mina, now resides in Sherman. 
 
 Isaac E. Hawley, from Fulton Co., settled in Mina, in 1832, and removed 
 in 1 847 to Sherman, where he commenced the mercantile business, which he 
 continued till April, 1873. He was married, in 1830, to Mary R. Reed, and 
 has a daughter, Mary Louisa, who married Sylvenus H. Merritt, and lives at 
 JEtna., near Pittsburgh, Pa. Mr. Hawley resides in the village. 
 
 Benjamin H. Kip was bom at Johnstown, N. Y., April 27, 1797, and was 
 married at Newark, N. Y., February 23, 1823, to Esther Miller, who was 
 bom April 27, 1803 ; removed to Sherman in 1832, and, in company with 
 Otis and Elijah Miller, purchased the mill site in the village. He was one 
 of the principal business men of the place, and, with his partners, is said to 
 have laid' the foundation of its prosperity. [See p. 548.] He was supervisor 
 of the town in the years 1834, '48, '49. He had 4 children : i. Miranda P., 
 wife of Samuel P. Hall, living near the railroad, in Chautauqua, on the 
 Sherman line. Their children are Franklin K., Ada E., Clarence A., who 
 died at 5, and John P. 2. Frances, wife, first, of Oliver Cooley ; second, 
 of David M. Stever, present pastor [1874] of the M. E. church, Sherman. 
 They had 5 children. 3. Adeline N., wife of Jeiome J. Dean, and had 3 
 children : Allen J., Otto K., and James Delavan. Mrs. D. died Oct. 13, 
 1867 ; and Mr. D. married Mary Morris. 4. Jane Elizabeth, who married 
 
^i^7^g,#i.,^^ s/aT ^'U^U^'i.C^T^^ 
 
'KK/'^k, 
 
SHERMAN. 551 
 
 Edwin T. Green, and has a daughter, Mary K. Mr. G. is a M. E. minister, 
 at present [1874] at Bath, Steuben county, N. Y. 
 
 William Mayborn was born in England, May 9, 1786. He emigrated 
 to America in 1823; came to Chautauqua county in 1825; settled on lot 
 61, and afterward removed to lot 62, on which he resided until 1871. He 
 died in Sherman village in 1874. His wife died April 24, 1827. They had 
 6 children : i . William A., who married Mary Willing, and after a year's 
 residence in Mina, removed to Chautauqua. [See sketch, in Chautauqua.] 
 2. Mary J., the wife of Samuel Willing, who died in 1843. She resides in 
 Chicago, 111. 3. Julia A., who married Richard Willing, and resides in 
 Ottawa, Kansas. 4. Joseph IT., who married Theressa Johnson, and resides 
 at Geneva, 111. 5. Selina E., the wife of Henry Sheldon, in Sherman. 6. 
 Jane S., who married George T. Simmons, and removed to Cincinnati, 
 where she died. William Maybom married for his second wife, Harriet 
 Palmer, of New York city, Nov. 5, 1828, and had by her 6 children who 
 attained to mature age : r. Felix K., who married Susan Ottaway, of Mina, 
 and after her death, Min. Porter, and resides in Kansas. He served several 
 years in the late civil war. 2. Charles N., who married Sarah Wood, and 
 served in the late war, and died of disease contracted in the army. 3. 
 Charlotte, wife of J. D. Knowlton, at Columbus, Pa. ., 4. John G., who' mar- 
 ried Hannah Pratt, and died in the late war. 5. Harris, wife of William 
 Chambers, who died in January, 1874. 6. Thomas S., who also died in the 
 army during the late war. 
 
 LoREN Park was bom in Wells, Vt, February 7, 1804, and removed 
 from Granville, N. Y, to Sherman, and settled on lot 59, which he bought 
 in May, 1825, where he resided until 1872, when he removed to the village. 
 He has held several of the more responsible offices in the town, and for four 
 years he represented the town in the board of supervisors. He married, 
 first, Adaline Heath, and had 5 sons and 4 daughters : Ellen, Samantha, 
 Royal, Loren, Amanda, Otis, Martha, John, Melvin. Royal, the proprietor 
 of the mill ; Loren, on the old farm, and Melvin, reside in the town. John 
 died at 21. Otis is in the oil country, in Pennsylvania. Ellen is the wife 
 of George Pabody, in North-east, Pa. ; Samantha, the wife of Addison 
 Beebe, in French Creek. Amanda, who married George Upton, of Clymer, 
 deceased ; she resides in Ripley. Martha, the wife of Augustus Pabody, of 
 Ripley. Mrs. Park died November 12, 1870. Mr. Park married, for a sec- 
 ond wife, the widow of Benjamin Ross, whose maiden name was Samantha 
 Heath. 
 
 RuEL Pelton, from Oneida Co., came to Sherman with his family in May, 
 1827, and settled on lot 63, bought by his son Ransom in 1824, where he 
 resided till his death, in 1851. His wife died the same year, both being of 
 the same age, 81 years. They had 14 children, of whom 3 died in infancy 
 and childhood, and one at 17. Ten came to this county. Of the sons, 
 Ransom, Ora B., William, and Charles, came to Sherman. Ransom removed 
 to Portland in 1835 ; thence to Illinois, and is now in Iowa. Ora B. lives 
 
552 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 in Mina, and Charles on the homestead. Sylvester, a physician, came later, 
 [about 1844,] settled in Sherman village, and is now at Wellsville, Allegany 
 Co. Four daughters, all now deceased, were married, as follows : Caroline, 
 to Abram Dixon, of Westfield ; Lucinda, to Wm. Bradley, of Westfield ; 
 Louis, to Dr. Carlton Jones, of Westfield ; and Mary, to Jesse Morgan, and 
 removed to Ohio. 
 
 Joel Sheldon, a native of Connecticut, came from Rutland Co., Vt., and 
 settled, in 1829, in the south part of Westfield, where he resided until his 
 death, April 11, 1859. He married Sarah Edgerton in Vermont. Their 
 children were : i. Sarah, who married Silas Kidder, and is deceased. 2. 
 Harvey, whomarried Adaline Throop, and resides at Vinton, Iowa; an active 
 supporter of temperance and religious institutions. 3. Hiram, a practicing 
 physician, and died in Barry Co., Mich., aged 51. He had a son, John, who 
 died of disease, in the late war. 4. Ira, who died at 35, in Kentucky, a 
 school teacher. 5. Cornelia, wife of Mahlon Cook, in Vermont. 6. David E., 
 married, and resides in Ripley. 7. John N., who died at 24. 8. Ezra R., 
 who married Anna Howard, and resided in Westfield; died in 1868, aged 
 54. A son, Dan H., was in the late war, and killed in the second battle of 
 Bull Run. 9. Henry, who married Salina Mayburn, and resided in the south 
 part of Westfield, a farmer ; is now a banker in Sherman. He had 2 sons : 
 Ira Jay, who was killed in the battle of Antietam, Sept. 17, 1862, aged 20 ; 
 served about 2 years; and George W., who resides with his father. 10. 
 Mary A., wife of Cyrenus N. Wood, who died in the war, from sickness. 
 ir. Chauncey L., who resides in Sherman. 12. David S., who married Susan 
 Bailey, and resides in Sherman. 
 
 Otis Skinner was bom Oct. 20, 1799, in Norwich, Chenango Co., N. Y., 
 and, in 1823, removed to this town, and settled on lot 32. In 1868, he 
 removed to the village, where he resided until his death, Aug. 7, 1872. He 
 was a prominent citizen, and a leading member of the Baptist church. He 
 was the first jusrice of the peace in the township while it was a part of the 
 town of Clymer ; and he was supervisor of Mina when Sherman was a part 
 of that town, and of Shemian since its erection. He was also for several 
 years a justice of the sessions of the county court. He was married, June 
 9, 1822, to Sylance Randall, who was born March 10, 1802, in Richmond, 
 N. H. They had 10 children, besides two who died in infancy : i. Joseph, 
 who resides near the early homestead of his father. 2. Julia D., wife of 
 Harrison Wade, who resides in Garland, Pa. 3. Sarah Jane, who resides in 
 town, unmarried. 4. Eliza, wife of Calder Wolcott, who live on her father's 
 early homestead. 5. James M., who died at 24. 6. Charles, who went to 
 California ; enlisted in the war against the Indians, and died of fever at Great 
 Salt Lake City, March 2, 1863. 7. Lovinia, who married Wm. H. Robbins, 
 and resides in town. 8. Mary £., unmarried. 
 
 I.X)REN Stebbins was bom in Conway, Mass., Oct. 27, 1804, and after a 
 brief residence in Vermont, and Yates and Livingston counties, N. Y., removed, 
 in 1828, to Sherman, near Waite's Comers. In 1873, he removed to the 
 
^}^ yA^^t-'^f^^-^-'^ 
 
SHERMAN. S53 
 
 village, where he now resides. He was married, in Livingston Co., to Eunice 
 Willard, and had 6 children ; Sophrona, who married Francis H. Chappell, 
 and lives in Wisconsin ; Ann, wife of George Tarbell, in Cony, Pa. ; Elvira, 
 wife of Myron H. Eggleston, in Harmony ; Martha Jane, who died at 30, un- 
 married ; Julius, who died in the army, of disease, at Suffolk, Va. ; Carlos, 
 who married Lydia Bunker, of Ohio, and resides on his father's farm in 
 Sherman. 
 
 Churches and other Associations. 
 
 The First Presbyterian Church of Sherman was organized June 23, 1827, 
 as the First Congregational Church of Mina. Most of the original members 
 were from the Congregational church of Farmington, Conn. : Elisha Wood- 
 ruif, Charlotte Woodruff, Wm. Williams, Mary Williams, Charles Hawley, 
 Clara Hawley, Robert Woodruff, George Hart, Esther Hart, Dennis Hart, 
 Elvira Hart, Julia Gleason, Hiram N. Gleason, Ava Hart, Betsey W. Hall. 
 H. Gleason and Asa Hart united on profession of faith. The church was 
 organized by Rev. Miles P. Squier and Rev. Amasa West, and united with 
 the Presbytery of Buffalo. Rev. Justin Marsh, from Connecticut, its first 
 minister, was installed October, 1828. The church was largely helped by the 
 Connecticut Missionary Society. A church edifice was built on land given 
 the society by Charles Hawley, near Keeler's Comers, on Presbyterian Hill, 
 and was dedicated March-7, 1833; sermon by Rev. D. D. Gregory. The 
 house was taken down and moved to Sherman village during the fall of 1845; 
 and in 1856, it was enlarged and repaired. In the spring of 1871, the church 
 adopted the Presbyterian form of government, and was connected with Pres- 
 bytery. Its first pastor was Rev. Justin Marsh, from Oct., 1828, to Aug., 1831. 
 Those who have since served the church as pastors and stated supplies, were J. 
 B. Wilson, JabezSpicer,H. Eddy, Edwin Coleman, C. S. Cady, Romaine Payne, 
 Oliver N. Chapin, Wm. T. Reynolds, A. H. Lilly, Walter Couch, Ezra Jones, 
 Henry M. Hazeltine, John F. Severance, Wm. L. Hyde. Present pastor, 
 S. N. Robinson. Elders, E. C. Hart, J. M. Calhoun, H. L. Kendrick. 
 
 The First Baptist Church of Sherman was formed Aug. 29, 1827, 2^ miles 
 south of the village, the Rev. Orange Spencer officiating. The number of 
 its constituent members is said to have been 25, with 5 more recognized as 
 such, who were without letters at the time. The earliest records being miss- 
 ing, the names can not all be given. The following are given from recollec- 
 tion: Rev. Orange Spencer, Benj. Boorman, Nathaniel Throop, Lester Leach, 
 and their wives, Lucy Pelton, Polly Hewitt, Harriet Gardner, Mrs. Selden, 
 Benj. Selden, and Harriet Allen. Orange Spencer is said to have been the 
 first Baptist that ever preached in the town. Meetings were held in dwell- 
 ings and school-houses until about 1842, when they began to hold meetings 
 in their unfinished meeting-house in the village, which was not completed and 
 dedicated until 1844. Rev. Mr. Spencer was the first pastor, and was suc- 
 ceeded by George Sawin, Thomas Ravlin, Charles Sanderson, who served the 
 church for 19 years. Rev. J. N. Pease is the present pastor. Two of the con- 
 stituent members, Dea. Benjamin Boorman and his wife, are still living. 
 
554 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 The Free Baptist Church of Sherman was organized about the.year 1835, 
 Elder Levi Rexford presiding. The persons constituting the church at its 
 organization, were : Dexter Stebbins and Eliza, his wife ; Moses Stebbins, 
 Samantha Stebbins, Loren Stebbins, and Irene Stebbins, who was the mother 
 of Dexter, Moses, Samantha, and Loren Stebbins ; and Daniel Eastman. 
 Among its early members were Sally Stebbins, Jane Ransom, Clarissa 
 Knapp, J. W. Huntley and Mary, his wife. The first clerk was Dexter Steb- 
 bins ; the present clerk, Aaron Stebbins. The first deacon was Loren Steb- 
 bins, who still holds the office with Rolfe Eggleston. The first pastor was 
 Levi Rexford. Among its later ministers were A. Hulin, B. F. Neuly, Arad 
 Losee, Ansel Griffith, Oliver Johnson, Benj. M. Koon, and the present pastor, 
 Robert Martin. This church numbers 145 members. 
 
 Olive Lodge of Freemasons, No. ^75, was organized July 6, 1865. Its 
 charter members were Lyman S. Herrington, S. B. Miller, S. H. Myrick, S. 
 D. Adams, J. A. Merry, Samuel Little, Lewis T. Harrington, Thomas R. 
 Coveney, William E. Thorp, James E. Coveney. First officers, appointed 
 by the grand lodge— L. T. Harrington, W. M. ; S. B. Miller, S. W. ; S. H. 
 Myron, J. W. Elected — W. H. Keeler, treas. ; T. R. Coveney, sec. ; S. D. 
 Adams, S. D.; L. T. Harrington, J. D.; J. M. Coveney, S. M. C; E. Myrick, 
 J. M. C; Alfred Thorp, tyler. Present officers [1873] — Samuel Little, W. 
 M.; B. J. Coffin, S. W.; Henry Wilson, J. W.; C. E. Sheldon, treas.; C. H. 
 Corbett, sec. ; S. C. Horton, S. D. ; P. S. Page, J. D. ; J. W. Burrows, S. M. 
 C. ; William F. Green, J. M. C. ; P. E. Wellman, tyler. 
 
 STOCKTON. 
 
 This town was formed from Chautauqua, Feb. 9, 182 r. It was named in 
 honor of Richard Stockton, a signer of the Declaration of Independence. 
 One tier and a half of lots [12] from the north part of EUery were annexed 
 in 1850. It includes also one tier of lots taken from tp. 4, r. 13, on its west 
 side, and contains an area of 28,860 acres. Its surface is a rolling upland. 
 The soil of the upland is a clay loam, and in the valleys, a sandy loam. 
 Cassadaga lake lies principally in Stockton, in the north-east corner of the 
 town, and Bear lake about 3 miles west ; both extending north into the town 
 of Pomfret. These lakes give names to their outlets, Cassadaga and Bear 
 creeks, which unite in the south-eastern part of the town. Their united 
 waters flowing south-easterly, and crossing the extreme north-east comer of 
 EUery, form, just within the west line of Gerry, a junction with Mill creek. 
 These are the principal tributaries of the Cassadaga, which, in its very mean- 
 dering course south-easterly through portions of Gerry, EUicott, and Poland, 
 unites with the Connewango creek in the south part of Poland. The com- 
 bination of these streams forms the Connewango river, which flows southward 
 into Pennsylvania, and unites with the Allegany river. 
 
STOCKTON. 555 
 
 Original Purchases in Township 4, Range 12. 
 
 1809. November, Hezekiah Vial, 38. 
 
 1810. May, Joseph Green, 49. Bela Todd, 33. Benjamin Miller, 39. 
 June, Lawrence Scofield, 50. 
 
 181 1. April, Ebenezer and Salmon Tyler, 33. Silas Gates, 24. Heze- 
 kiah Vial, 32. Henry Walker, 49. August, Benj. Miller, 31. October, 
 Shadrach Scofield, 50, 58. November, Zattu Gushing, 32. 
 
 1812. June, Abel Thompson, 29, 37. 
 
 1815. April, Calvin Nelson, 29. Alfred Trow, 29. May, Frederic 
 Sprague, 25. James Haywoo'd, 28, 36. George Porter, Jr., 34. Aaron 
 Jones, 48. Bela Todd, n. June, Levi C. Miller, 40. August, Jesse Hig- 
 gins, 37. September, Samuel Crissey, 40. Joseph Sackett, 23. October, 
 Thomas Curtis, ig, 20. Zaheth Higgins, 37. 
 
 18 1 6. May, Hiram Lazell, 2r. Calvin Hitchcock, rg. Edward Ellis, 
 
 21. July, Aaron Smith, 13. Sawyer Phillips, 15. Stephen WilHams, 41. 
 September, Gould Crissey, 45. October, Adam McNitt, 13. Joseph Sac- 
 kett, 14. David Sackett, 11. Dec, Elijah Nelson, 45. Philip Phillips, 15. 
 
 1817. April, Jeduthan Smith, 15. Eben'r Smith, Jr., 6. June, Aaron 
 Lyon, 12. Calvin Smith, 20. 
 
 i8r8. March, Alva Lazell, 27. May, Lewis C. Todd, ro. 
 1819. May, Gilbert Putnam, 33. Aretus Rogers, 43, 44. July, Calvin 
 Warren, 40. Levi C. Miller and Parley Munger, 40. 
 
 1821. October, Philip Phillips, 6. Stephen Crane, 44. Jonathan Clark, 
 
 22, 23. Hiram Jones, 22. Robert Belding, 22. Nathan Smith, 22, 23. 
 Israel Smith, 22. 
 
 1822. May, William A. Glisson, 3. July, Ebenezer Smith, Jr., 5. Sep- 
 tember, Zephaniah Rogers, 43. 
 
 1823. February, Stephen Crane, 35. March, Harvey Gibbs, 54. 
 
 1824. March, John Russell, 2. April, Truman Todd, 62. May, Robert 
 Padden, 62. Bela Todd, 11. June, Daniel Johnson, 61. Franklin Black- 
 mer, 61. Alvin Crissey, 31. September, Stephen Crane, 53. Ely F. Mun- 
 ger, 31. October, Ebenezer Smith, Jr., 14. 
 
 1825. May, Elam Todd, 64. September, John Brown, 60. 
 
 1826. January, Chauncey Goodrich, 52. October, James Morrill, 51. 
 
 1827. February, Thomas Francis, 51. James Francis, 51. June, Wm. 
 Weed, 51. August, Andrew Putnam, 25. Roswell Reed, 51. September, 
 Abraham Bennett, 35. October, Thomas Carlisle, 35. 
 
 1828. March, Alanson McClary, 43. Nathaniel Getchell, 51. William 
 Sabin, 43. June, Edwin Francis, 59. July, Wm. B. Brooks, 59. Aug., Jas. 
 Duncan, 55. Geo. Dye, 35. Sept., David L. Getchell, 35. Jesse Wells, 43. 
 
 1829. January, Ephraim Sanford, 43. February, Abel White, 10. March, 
 William Weed, 51. Eliakim Lindsey, 59. Bela Tracy, i, 2. July, Josiah 
 Richardson, 5. August, John Scovel, 10. September, Abraham Eddy, 26. 
 October, Mason Tower, 10. David ,L. Hills, 64. Joel Rogers, 64. Dec, 
 Heman Padden, 60. November, Foster Mitchell, 55. 
 
 1830. March, George Cipperly, 4. April, Fordam Pease, 60. May, 
 Titus Johnson, 60. Eleazar Flagg, Jr., 25. October, Henry H. Haner, 2. 
 James Jones, 27. Elisha B. Rossiter, 64. November, Waterman Ells- 
 worth and others, 42. Adna Lamson, 3. Andrew Putnam and others, 42. 
 Samuel Palmer, 58. David Hills, 64. 
 
 1831. January, Abraham Bennett, 44. May, Nathan Brown, 63. Chas. 
 Brown, 55. 
 
5S6 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 Township j, Range 12. 
 
 1809. November, John Fish, 32. 
 
 1810. March, Timothy Russell, 64. 
 
 181 1. April, Ebenezer Tyler, 48. Solomon Tyler, 48. Jonathan Bug- 
 bee, Jr., 40. 
 
 1817. February, Amos Inman, 40. Philander Brunson, 15. July, New- 
 ell Putnam, 32. 
 
 1822. August, John O. Harris, 10. 
 
 1830. September, Justus Jones, 56. November, Samuel Jones, 23. 
 December, Horace Brunson, 23. 
 
 Township 4, Range ij. 
 181 1. June, Roswell Ladd, 2. August, Thomas Smith, 4. James Dyer, 
 I. David Waterbury, i. Peleg Scofield, 7. 
 
 1826. February, Almon and Heman Barber, S- April, Allen Barber, 5. 
 
 1827. October, Hiram Barber, 5. Samuel S. Jones and Abel J. Parker, 6. 
 
 Shadrach Scofield, David Waterbury, and Henry Walker, from Saratoga 
 Co., says the State Gazetter, made the first settlement in the south part of 
 the town, in 1810. The names, however, of not less than ten original pur- 
 chasers were entered in 1809, the first that of John Silsby, of lot 48. Some 
 of these, it is presumed, settled on their lands the same year. Henry Walk- 
 er's name appears as that of a purchaser in lot 49, in tp. 4, r. 12, May, i8ii, 
 and that of Schofield as a purchaser in lots 50 and 58, Oct., 181 1. Water- 
 bury appears only as purchaser of lot i, tp. 4, r. 13, now a part of Stockton; 
 but we find him on the Land Company's plat of tp. 4, r. 12, as owner of the 
 west part, and Shadrach Scofield of the east half of lot 5 7, though neither 
 appears on the sales book as purchaser of any part of that lot, which is the 
 south-east corner lot of that township. 
 
 Mr. Crissey, in his historical sketch of Stockton, says, Ebenezer Tyler and 
 Solomon [Salmon] Tyler, fi^om Greene Co., John West, Joseph Green, and 
 Bela Todd, from Herkimer Co., moved in and settled on the town line, [south 
 line of tp. 4, r. 12,] about the first of March, 18 lo. The contracts of both 
 Green and Todd are dated May, 18 lo. West appears nowhere as purchaser 
 on the sales book, except in the town of Chautauqua, lot 29, tp. 3, r. 13, in 
 Nov., 1810. The contract of the Tylers, however, bears date April, 181 1. 
 In October of the same year, [18 10,] says Mr. C., Samuel Waterbury, Shad- 
 rach Scofield, and Henry Walker, all from Saratoga Co., settled in the west- 
 em part of the town.^ 
 
 The next year, 181 1, the sketch continues, Dexter Barnes and John Aker 
 came in from Herkimer Co. It does not mention their location. Barnes 
 was a blacksmith. In June of that year, he built the first blacksmith shop in 
 town, on the south side of the road, a little distance east of the residence of 
 Henry Alden. His name is not found in the list of original land purchasers 
 in Stockton. In March, 18 14, John Ecker, [probably the man Aker,] bought 
 a part of lot 41, though he probably came at the time stated. He had the 
 distinction of being the first fiddler in the town. Dancing was a favorite 
 amusement with many of the settlers. With only log cabins, and these gen- 
 
STOCKTON. 557 
 
 erally having but one room, it required considerable tact to provide a suita- 
 ble ball-room. By turning the beds out of doors, or crowding them up cham- 
 ber, sufficient space was provided for single jigs and French fours ; and 
 fiddling John had considerable custom. During this year, [1811,] Comfort 
 and Elisha Morgan located about a mile north of Shadrach Scofield, on lot 
 58, being one of the two before mentioned as having been purchased by Mr. 
 .Scofield, and adjoining the one on which he resided. 
 
 The next year, 1812, the war broke out with Great Britain. Many of the 
 settlers were called out in the defense of their country. From this section 
 went Shadrach Scofield, Dexter Barnes, Bela Todd, Comfort Morgan, Elisha 
 Morgan, Nathan Bugbee, and Wyman Bugbee. But the red coats were too 
 much for them. Buffalo was burned ; and in a few weeks they all returned ; 
 Comfort Morgan with a bullet in his 'knee, (certainly not a very comfortable 
 reminder of his experience,) and Wyman Bugbee with a hole in his hat. 
 Fears were now had of a visit from the Indians with tomahawks in hand. 
 Happily those fears were not realized ; and the hardy pioneers went to slaying 
 trees instead of Indians. 
 
 In 1 8 II, Benjamin Miller, from Oneida county, settled three-fourths of a 
 mile north of Delanti. He came with two ox-teams, and one or two hired 
 men ; and on the day of his arrival he built a shanty of poles and hemlock 
 boughs, which sheltered them for the night. This was the first settlement in 
 Bear creek valley. As did many others in the time of the war, in this front- 
 ier county exposed to the enemy, Mr. Miller, after a stay of about two years, 
 went back to Oneida county ; and after the war was over, he returned to his 
 farm, where he resided till his death in 1857. His son William O. resides 
 on a part of the old farm ; Linus W., on land adjoining. There were three 
 daughters: Laura, who was married to Origen Crissey; Elvira, to John L. 
 Kazer ; and Irene, to Royal L. Carter. All are now widows ; the two last, 
 residing in Fredonia. 
 
 In June, 181 2, Abel Thompson, from Sangerfield, N. Y., bought 100 acres 
 from the north part of lot 29, and 178 acres from the north part of 37 ; in- 
 cluding the farm now owned by Truman Todd, and extending west beyond 
 the creek, and north to and including a small part of the village of Delanti. 
 He was the first settler there. His house was a square pen of logs covered 
 with elm bark, with a floor of split logs, and with no chimney but a hole in 
 one end of the roof to let out the smoke and to let in daylight. The fire 
 was built on the ground against the end of the house, the logs of which 
 were protected from the fire by two or three huge back logs. Early the next 
 year he brought in his family with an ox-team, the snow being still deep, 
 with a crust hard enough to bear up a man, but not the oxen. He unloaded 
 his goods at Mr. Miller's on the snow. A road must be cut through the 
 thick underbrush and broke through to his partly built log cabin, a distance 
 of three-quarters of a mile, which required two days, a longer time than it 
 now requires to come from New York. Mr. Thompson died in December, 
 183 1. Two of his sons, Horace and Newell C, are still living in Stockton. 
 
5S8 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 In 1815, Hiram Lazell and Elijah Nelson came from Massachusetts. A 
 year or two after, they went back to Massachusetts, got married, and returned 
 with their families in November, 181 7 ; Mr. Lazell having bought lot 21, 
 May, 1816; and Mr. Nelson lot 45, in November following. They are said 
 to have aided much in the early settling and building up of Delanti. 
 
 Aaron Lyon, Samuel Shepard, and Ira Jennings, all from Mass., came in 
 July, 1819. Mr. Lyon appears as an original purchaser in lot 12, in June, 
 1817, though he settled early on the west side of Cassadaga lake, on lot 48, 
 near the town line, where Franklin S. Lyon, his youngest son, afterwards re- 
 sided. He was a brother of the first wife of Dr. Waterman Ellsworth, and 
 of Mary Lyon, the founder of the Holyoke Female Seminary in Massachu- 
 setts. He had two sons and eight daughters. Five of the girls married 
 ministers. The lamented Lucy and Freelove were missionaries, being the 
 first and second wives of Rev. Mr. Lord, a missionary at Ningpo, China. 
 At the time of their emigration, Franklin was a babe. To guard him from 
 the joltings of the wagon over the rough road, he was placed in a cradle, 
 which was suspended by ropes from the top of the covered wagon. In this 
 swinging nest he made the journey in excellent order. Mr. Lyon was for 
 many years a justice in Stockton, and several times elected supervisor. He 
 removed a few years ago to Virginia, where he died soon after. Samuel 
 Shepard was the first justice in the town. 
 
 Resolved W. Fenner, a native of Rhode Island, came into this county in 
 November, 1819, from Madison Co., and bought of Abel Brunson, a part of 
 lot 15, tp. 3, r. 12, subsequently annexed to Stockton. Besides farming, he 
 worked at his trade, that of a cooper ; and he was for a number of years 
 connected with others in the milling business. He died in 1848, aged near- 
 ly 83. Mrs. Prudence Crandall Fenner, his widow, died in 1864, aged 85. 
 They had 4 sons and 3 daughters, of whom only John A. resides in town. 
 
 Washington Winsor, a native of Rhode Island, from Otsego Co., N. Y., 
 settled near Delanti, in 1827. He was a Baptist minister, and preached at 
 Stockton and at Carroll; afterward at Cassadaga, where he died in 1840. 
 aged 56. His children are : Chauncey, now druggist at Delanti; Ora, who 
 resides in Wisconsin; Roxana, wife of Jason Crissey; and James M., in 
 Newport, R. I. 
 
 Jonathan Bugbee, Jr., was bom in Woodstock, Conn., May 11, 1789, and 
 removed with his father, in 1 808, to Madison Co. ; thence, the next year, to 
 Chautauqua, and at Bemus' Point made the acquaintance of Amos Adkins, 
 a young surveyor for the Holland Company, who piloted him to lot 33, tp. 
 3, r. 12, now in the south jiart of Stockton, [taken from EUery in 1850.] 
 Pleased with the beautiful interval and the clear brook filled with trout, he 
 called, a few weeks after, at the land-office at Batavia, on his return to Mad- 
 ison county, and had the lot "booked" to him. In February, 1810 he 
 arrived, with his father and mother and his brothers Wyman and Simeon at 
 the residence of Wm. Barrows, three miles west from Sinclairville. He had 
 two yoke of oxen, which, with two long sleds, had conveyed the household 
 
STOCKTON. SS9 
 
 goods and the old lady, while the men came most of the way on foot. The 
 snow had been thawing for several days ; and on arriving at the Cassadaga 
 creek, opposite to Mr. Barrows', and finding the stream much swollen, they 
 came to a sudden halt. Mr. Barrows came with his canoe to their rescue. 
 The teams swam the creek ; the goods were brought over the next day. 
 They had with them a potash kettle, which was too heavy for the canoe. 
 After consultation, it was decided that the kettle would swim, and carry one 
 of the men over. Wyman volunteered to go on board and paddle it across 
 the creek. The kettle was lowered into the water, and the navigator went 
 on board ; but he was soon obliged to abandon the ship. After the water 
 had subsided, the kettle was raised, and made to do duty many years, when 
 black salts was almost the only commodity that could be sold for cash. 
 
 Jonathan, with his father and two b»others and the teams, and Barrows for 
 a guide, cut his own road, for about three miles, to the place he had chosen 
 as his future home, arriving there on or about the ist of March, 1811. In 
 or about the year 1821, he commenced the business of keeping tavern, which 
 he continued several years. His health having been for some time on the 
 decline, he sold most of his farm in parcels, and died Oct. 19, 1829. His 
 father, whose name also was Jonathan, was born in Windham Co., Conn., 
 July I, 1750, and died in Stockton, June 30, 1830. His wife, whose maiden 
 name was Mary Dean, died in Ellington, where she was living with her son, 
 Wyman, in June, 1829, aged,69. 
 
 Nathan, oldest brother of Jonathan, came in 1813, and was a member of 
 his father's family. In 1817, he married Sally De Motte, and settled on lot 
 40, tp. 3 ; but sold out his " chance" the next year, and removed to lot 25, 
 in tp. 4. About two years afterwards, he sold out to his brother Simeon, and 
 removed to Ellington ; thence, a few years after, to Saybrook, Ashtabula Co., 
 O., where he died, i860. Wyman married Milla Love in Stockton, in the 
 winter of 1813, and settled on lot 33, adjoining the land of Rufus Todd, but 
 sold his possessions the next year to John West, and settled in Ellington. 
 Simeon married Naomi Searls, and began house'-keeping on the south part of 
 lot 25, where Joseph A. Brevoort resides. 
 
 Abel Brunson, born in Connecticut, son-in-law of John Love, having mar- 
 ried Sally Love in 1809, came to Chautauqua with his father-in-law, and set- 
 tled on lot 15, township 3, range 12, now in Stockton. It is said that, for a 
 number of years, " he plied his axe with such unremitting stroke, that he 
 knew nothing of Sunday, and hardly the day of the month." He owed for 
 his farm, and had an increasing family to support. He would go on foot 
 to the land-office to make payments of the smallest sums as fast as he ob- 
 tained them. The difficulty of early settlers in paying for their farms may 
 be judged from the fact, that with his extraordinary industry he was unable 
 to make his last payment and take his deed, until the expiration of twenty 
 years after he made his purchase ; the original debt being but $300. Says our 
 informant : " This may surprise many of the present day ; but Mr. Brunson 
 was one in a hundred of the first settlers who were able to pay for their lands 
 
56o HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 according to contract." His early milling was done at Kennedy's mill on the 
 Connewango. For much of the way there was no road ; " but with the grist 
 slung across the yoke of the oxen, they proceeded over logs and around the 
 tops of trees, keeping the direction by blazed trees, returning the following 
 day to be greeted with love and joy by the wife and children from the log 
 cabin in the wilderness.'' In 1824, he built a frame house, and opened a 
 tavern, which he kept until 1838, when he took down his sign and built a 
 saw-mill, which, for lack of water, proved a failure. He had two children 
 before he came to Chautauqua, to whom ten were added, two of whom died 
 in childhood. Eight are still living : Horace, in Buffalo ; Sedgwick, in Silver 
 Creek ; Lorenzo, in Ellicott ; George, in Ashtabula county, O. ; Abel O., on 
 the old farm of his grandfather Love; and Alfred P., on the old homestead 
 of his father. Abel Brunson died on. his farm, Sept. 30, 1861, having resided 
 there fifty years. His wife died in the same place, Dec. 25, 1867. 
 
 John West, a native of New Hampshire, was born February 5, 1790, after 
 the death of his father. At the age of 5 years, he was bound out to the 
 service of Philo Hopson, during the remainder of his minority. In May, 
 1810, he came with his foster-father to Chautauqua county, and assisted him 
 in building a log cabin on the site of the present brick blacksmith shop at 
 Hartfield. This log house was the first building in that place. He after- 
 ward worked for Hopson and William Bateman in building a saw-mill on the 
 inlet, which began to saw boards late in the fall of that year. The next 
 winter he returned to Herkimer county, and came back the next May, [18 11,] 
 accompanied by Dexter Barnes from that place. These two young men 
 helped clear the land on the site of the county poor-house. Soon after this, 
 they and Peter Bamhart engaged Avith William Peacock, agent of the Hol- 
 land Company, to cut a road from the 14 mile stake, east of the land-office, 
 to the Cattaraugus line, and then 7^^ miles beyond to the old Indian road 
 leading from Cattaraugus to the Allegany river. The 14th mile stake stood 
 near the house of Amos Atkins, known as the Love Stand, in the town of 
 Gerry. The road was to be cut one rod wide, and cleared of small trees 
 and fallen ones, at the price of $10 per mile. In going to their work, they 
 took the only road then opened from the lake to Cassadaga creek. This 
 road had been cut out by Edward and Josiah Hovey and Jared Nicholson, 
 and led from Tinkertown [Dewittville] to the house of William Barrows, on 
 the Cassadaga creek. They were about three months in cutting the road to 
 the Cattaraugus line, about 2 1 miles from the place of beginning. 
 
 Stephen Messenger, from Manlius Square, Onondaga Co., settled on lot 
 15, adjoining the lands of R. W. Fenner. Being a blacksmith, he worked at 
 his trade, and at clearing his farm, assisted by his sons. In 1836, he sold 
 his farm to Christopher C. Fenner, and removed to Chestnut Ridge, in Elli- 
 cott. This family was visited with extraordinary mortahty. In about ten 
 years after their removal to Ellicott, the family, consisting of the parents and. 
 three sons and five daughters, all died, except the father and one son, George. 
 Mr. Messenger died about i860. All are buried in the Fluvanna graveyard. 
 
STOCKTON. S6l 
 
 William, the oldest son, who lived at Williamsville, below Buffalo, while at 
 his father's on a visit, was taken sick, and soon died. The same happened 
 to three of his sisters. Another sister, while on a visit at her father's, her 
 little daughter, at play on the woodpile in the yard, was crushed to death by 
 a heavy log passing over her body. George, the only survivor, who had been 
 engaged in lumbering on the Tionesta, came home and was taken sick. Ap- 
 prehending that he, too, had been marked by death as his victim, arose from 
 his sick-bed, against the remonstrances of his friends, and started for his 
 home in Ridgeway, Pennsylvania, and speedily recovered. He was there 
 engaged in lumbering, and was known as Judge Messenger, having served as 
 a county judge. 
 
 Abel Beebe, born in Springfield, Mass., in 1783, from Buffalo in 1809, cut 
 iiis way from Laona, about nine miles — the distance now about five miles — 
 being engaged about 20 days in opening the road. Himself, Joel Fisher, 
 and Othello Church, were the only three who wintered in the neighborhood 
 during the winter of 1809-10. 
 
 The Jirst birili in this town is said to have been that of Wm. Walker, Aug. 
 25, 181 1. The first school yfas, taught by Abigail Durfee, in the south part of 
 the town, in the summer of 1815. 
 
 The. first tavern was kept at Cassadaga, by Ichabod Fisher, in 181 1. The 
 first at Stockton was kept in a log house by Elijah Nelson, who afterwards 
 built the frame house on the north-east corner. Abel Thompson, at the same 
 time, built the present public house in 1824, now kept by Wm. Shepard. 
 
 The first store \\-2is kept by James Haywood, at Delanti, in 1816, saj's the 
 State Gazetteer. Our informant says, the first merchant was James Haywood, 
 soon after the town was formed, which did not take place until February, 
 1 82 1. [It is probable the latter is more nearly correct.] It was kept in a 
 small frame house, in the chamber of which was a shoe shop, and was after- 
 ward removed to a log house, on the north-east corner. Mr. Crissey, in his 
 historical sketch of Stockton, says: " Lazell had built a log shoe shop, where 
 now stands the residence of John E. Tew. In the upper part of this shoe 
 shop, James Haywood kept the first store." Later merchants were McClure 
 & Holbrook, Aaron Waddington, and John Z. Saxton. Present merchants 
 — Hiram D. Hart, and Oran Y. Brooks, and Truman Todd, and E. L. Mc- 
 CuUough & Son. Druggist — Chauncey Winsor. Hardware — Joseph & Cor- 
 nelius Russ. Grocery and boot and shoe store — Abraham Blackman. 
 
 The first blacksmith was James Haywood, i mile south of Delanti ; who 
 afterwards bought of Luman Wickham a stone building for his trade, now 
 owned by George Mowyer. 
 
 The first physician was Carleton Jones, 181 8, [afterwards at Westfield ;] 
 next, Elkanah P. Stedman, on the south line of the town, i8ig; Waterman 
 Ellsworth, in 1821 or 1822; Geo. S. Harrison, Humphrey Sherman, Justin 
 Thompson, who was surgeon in the army in the late war, taken prisoner, and 
 escaped by digging out under the wall. Present physicians — Joshua J. 
 Towle, Darius G. Picket, Delanti ; Drs. Griffith and Pond, Cassadaga. 
 36 
 
562 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 Origen Crissey is said to have been the first wagon-maker. Levi Holmes, 
 a few years since, built a wagon and carriage shop, at svhich an extensive 
 business is done at present. 
 
 Hiram Shaw, a cabinet-maker, established a shop about 1830; and was suc- 
 ceeded by Seth K. Duncan (?), who carried on the business some 30 years or 
 longer. His son Charles died in the army in the late war. 
 
 A. grist-!?till a.nd a saw-mill were built about the year 1817 or 181 8, where 
 now the village of Delanti is, by John Hines, Hiram Lazell, and Elijah 
 NelsorL It was subsequently owned, in whole or in part, by Obed Taylor, 
 Samuel Shepard, and David Sacket ; the last of whom built a new grist-mill, 
 which was sold to Joseph S. Sacket, Truman Todd, and Milton Smith. Its 
 present owners are Dascum Taylor and Newton Taylor. A grist-mill and a 
 saw-mill were built at Cassadaga lake, about the year 182 1, by David Sacket 
 and Aaron Lyon ; the lake having been raised by a dam to furnish the nec- 
 essary water-power. Sickness having been caused by the flowing and ebbing 
 of the lake, the proprietors were indicted for nuisance, and were obliged to 
 abandon their enterprise. A saw-mill was built, about the year 1829, about 
 5 miles below the lake, on Cassadaga creek, on lot 11, by Bela Todd, and 
 sold to Charles D. Cooper, who also built a carding and cloth-dressing estab- 
 lishment, which was run a number of years. A saw-mill is still there. A 
 saw-mill was built about the year 1826, about |^ mile above the village, by 
 Benjamin Miller, and is now owned by his son, William O. Miller. A steam 
 saw-mill was built about i868, by the Taylors above named, and soon sold 
 to Harrison Price and Oren Miles. Attached to the mill at present are a 
 planing-mill and a shingle-machine. A steam saw-mill was commenced, 3 or 
 4 miles south of Delanti, and completed by Phihp Lazell in 1850. It was 
 destroyed by fire in 1854. On the Bugbee brook, about 100 rods west of 
 the preceding, a saw-mill was built in 1830, and burned in 1835. 
 
 In 1824, Resolved W. Fenner and his son Christopher, built a saw-mill 
 40 feet above the present grist-mill, on Cassadaga creek. In 1827, the first 
 grist-mill in that part of the town was built by R. W. Fenner and Forbes 
 Johnson. About 1835, these mills were bought by Henry Love; and, after 
 his death, they became the property of Forbes Johnson and John A. Fenner. 
 In 1839, the saw-mill was torn down, and a new one was built about 40 rods 
 east of the first, on the site of the present mill of James Austin. About 
 1856, E. J. Spencer, Osmand Johnson, and John A. Fenner, became owners 
 of the grist-mill, and annexed machinery for planing and matching boards. 
 In 1868, a new grist-mill, with two runs of burr stones and modern improve- 
 ments, was erected in the place of the old one, by Osmand Johnson and E. 
 J. Spencer; and in 1869, Spencer sold his interest, and left the mill iii the 
 hands of th^ present owners, Johnson & Fenner. Forbes Johnson and his 
 sons Owen and Edwin, owned the sawmill until 1869, when they exchanged 
 it with James Austin for a dairy farm in EUery. This mill is said to have 
 turned out in a year 750,000 feet of lumber, besides large quantities of pine 
 and hemlock shingles, and lath and wood manufactured from the slabs. 
 
STOCKTON. 563 
 
 The first town-meeting was held April 3, 1821. It was opened at Abel 
 Thompson's, and adjourned to the school-house near D. Nelson's. The 
 officers elected were : 
 
 Supervisor — Calvin Warren. Town Clerk — John Curtis. Assessors — 
 Ebenezer Smith, Jr., Hiram Lazell, John Tyler. Overseers of Poor — John 
 Newbre, Joseph Sacket. Com'rs 0/ Highways — David Sacket, Salmon Tyler, 
 Levi G. Miller. ■ Collector — Hiram Lazell. Constables — Hiram Lazell, New- 
 ell Putnam. Com'rs of Schools — Ebenezer Smith, Jr., Calvin Tyler, Lewis 
 C. Todd. 
 
 Supervisors from 18 2 1 to i8y^. 
 
 Calvin Warren, 1821, '22, '26. Henry Walker, 1823 to '25. Waterman 
 Ellsworth, 1827, '31, '32. Aaron Lyon, 1828, '34. Hiram Lazell, 1829, '30. 
 John Grant, 1833, '35. Calvin Smith, f836, '37. Chauncey Warren, 1838, 
 "39, '45, '47, '68, '69. Delos Beebe, 1840, '41. Philip Lazell, 1842, '60, '61. 
 Thomas Rolph, 1843, '44. Eleazar Flagg, Jr., 1846. Milton Smith, 1848 
 to '53. George S. Harrison, 1854. Judge L. Bugbee, 1855, '59. Ebenezer 
 Moon, 1856. Wm'. P. Burdick, 1857, '58. Merrill Crissey, 1862, '63. 
 Harlow Crissey, 1864, '65. Eliphalet Mitchell, 1866, .'67. Walker Park- 
 hurst, 1870, '7 I. Joseph Batcheler, 1872, '73. Lucien C. Warren, 1874, '75. 
 
 Biographical and Genealogical. 
 
 Judge L. Bugbee, son of Jonathan Bugbee, Jr., was born in Stockton. 
 February 10, 1818, on the farm on which he now resides, and on which his 
 father first settled. When he was eleven years old, his father died. The 
 family then consisted of the widow and eight children — two sons and six 
 daughters. Judge, the second son, remained at home, and contributed much, 
 by his youthful labors on the farm, toward the support of the family. His 
 education was obtained in the common schools of the town, and during a 
 few months attendance at a select school. At the age of 17, he commenced 
 teaching, having been elected by the older scholars attending school with 
 him, to supply the place of the teacher, who was taken sick. This was the 
 introduction to a successful course of teaching. At 22, he was elected a 
 commissioner of common schools. This office was soon after abolished ; 
 and he was appointed, by the town board, town superintendent of schools, 
 and thereafter elected to that office the next four years, serving also the last 
 year as assessor. He was twice elected supervisor ; and he has, for about 
 16 years, held the office of justice of the peace. He now holds, under the 
 general government, the office of deputy collector of internal revenue in the 
 27th collection district of New York. He was married in Stockton, to Mary 
 Ann Flagg, and has two children : Flora E., wife of Walter B. Horton, in 
 Jamestown ; and J. Eugene, at home. 
 
 Samuel Crissey, born in Vermont, March 2, 1771, removed to Stockton 
 in 18 1 5, and settled in the north part of this town, on lot 39, where he re- 
 sided until his death, March i, ^848. He was married in Vermont, to Lucy 
 Grovenor. He was one of the founders of the Baptist church in Delanti, 
 
564 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 and served it as an occasional preacher. His children were : i. Almira, 
 wife of Ethan Cooley, both deceased, leaving a daughter, Generva, the wife 
 of Mortimer Ely. 2. Harlow, who married Anna Shepard, and had four 
 children : Newton, Samuel S., in Fredonia, Seward M., and Elverton B., in 
 Missouri. 3. Jason, who married Roxana, daughter of Rev. Washington 
 Winsor, and died in 1875. A son, Jirah, and a daughter, Mary, wife of 
 Lucien C. Warren, reside in town ; and Sardis, a graduate in medicine, served 
 in the late war, and is now in the department of the interior, in Washington. 
 4. Lucy, wife of Chauncey Winsor, Delanti, whose children are Wealthy Ann, 
 wife of Hiram Lazell, Jr., in Stockton, and Washington, a merchant, in New 
 York. 5. Cynthia, wife of Zalmon Jennings, removed to Pennsylvania, 
 where she died. 6. ^ar//4a, who died at 12. 7. Azotz^^/, who married Julia 
 Grant, of Fredonia, and resides in Stockton ; has a daughter, Lucy, wife of 
 Cassius Perrin, for several years a justice of the peace; and a son. Forest. 
 Of the seven children of Samuel Crissey, Sr., only Harlow and Samuel are 
 living. 
 
 Nathaniel and Sylvanus Crissey, also from Vermont, were brothers of 
 Samuel Crissey, Sr. Sons of Nathaniel were Alson, married, and died at 3 1 ; 
 and Merrill, who married Eunice Tracy, and has been supervisor of the 
 town ; had 5 children : a son, Florence, and two pairs of twin brothers, of 
 whom one is deceased. Sylvanus Crissey removed with his family to the 
 West. 
 
 Gould Crissey settled on lot 45, bought in 181 6. He was an early 
 member of the Baptist church, and one of i^s first deacons. His children 
 were Maria, Origen, Addison, Marilla, Stephen, Orson, Alson, Isaac, and 
 Luthena ; none living in town. 
 
 Waterman Ellsworth was born in Hartwick, Otsego Co., Dec. 14, 1797. 
 He was a son of Stukely Ellsworth, a state senator from that county, and a 
 descendant from Abel Aylesworth, (as the name was then spelled,) whose 
 wife was Amy Franklin, a sister of Benj. Franklin. Among his distinguished 
 ancestors and relatives, may be named, Oliver Ellsworth, chief justice of the 
 U. S. supreme court ; William W. Ellsworth, governor of Connecticut ; and 
 Henry L. Ellsworth, commissioner of patents. When about 25 years of age, 
 he became a resident of Stockton, where Delanti now stands, and remained 
 there engaged in the active duties of his profession, until his death, Jan. 6, 
 1849. He was several years supervisor of Stockton, and in 1839 a member 
 of assembly. In 1826, he married Rosina Lyon, sister of Mary Lyon, the 
 founder of Mount Holyoke Female Seminary. Mrs. Ellsworth died in 1832, 
 leaving four sons, of whom Stukely and Hazelius live in Oregon ; Franklin, 
 in San Francisco ; and Henry M., in Kelton, Utah. A plain, but substantial 
 monument in the burying ground at Delanti, marks the resting place of his 
 remains ; and all the early settlers of Stockton, and many others scattered 
 over this wide country, hold him in grateful remembrance. He was married 
 a second time ; his widow resides in Erie county. 
 
 ICHABOD Fisher, a native of Princeton, Mass., came from Oneida Co. 
 
STOCKTON. 565 
 
 N. Y., in 1813, to Cassadaga, in the town of Stockton, in company with one 
 of his sons, as will hereafter appear. He had two sons, Ichabod and Joel. 
 He died in 18 r8, aged 72 years. 
 
 Ichabod Fisher, Jr., a native of Princeton, Mass., from Oneida Co., was 
 an early settler at Cassadaga lake. He first came to this county in 1808, 
 moving the family of his brother-in-law, Samuel Davis, and returned. In 
 18 1 2, he came again, bringing a load of leather for Leverett Barker. Trav- 
 eling on this side of Buffalo, on the beach of the lake, (there being no other 
 road,) a company of 12 or 13 Canadians, who had come over in a long open 
 boat for the purpose of plunder, were seen approaching the shore. Before 
 they landed, however, and while firing at him, Mr. Fisher slipped his pocket- 
 book in the crack of a rock, and covered it with stones. When they got on 
 shore, they knocked him down, broke open his chest, and took out all his 
 clothes, leaving him only the tow-cloth suit he had on ; teUing him he ought 
 to be thankful that he retained his ox-team. [The written statement before 
 us does not say that the leather was taken ; but it is not probable that a 
 portable article so valuable would have been left.] In 1813, he sold his 
 farm in Paris, Oneida Co., with a view to his removal to this county. He 
 hired two men to assist in removing his goods, each of them agreeing to de- 
 liver a load, with his family, at Cassadaga, for which each was paid $50, in 
 advance. At widow Adkins' tavern, five miles east of Buffalo, they left the 
 goods and family, and started for home, by another road, to avoid meeting 
 Mr. Fisher, who was on the way with a cart and oxen, and a horse forward ; 
 a sofl, 9 years old, riding the horse, Mr. Fisher's father driving the oxen, and 
 himself driving about 200 sheep and 4 cows. He was obliged to leave the 
 family, and goods until he had delivered his own load and live stock at Cas- 
 sadaga. From Buffalo to the mouth of Canadaway creek, the family came 
 by lake, in an open boat. When they were leaving Buffalo harbor on a moon- 
 light evening, a long-boat load of British subjects came up along-side, and 
 threatened firing upon them, but the captain of the American boat, who knew 
 the British captain, hailed him in time to prevent the enemy from carrying 
 their design into effect. Once the company were compelled, by a high wind, 
 to camp over night on the beach. From the mouth of Canadaway creek, 
 they were guided by marked trees, and felled trees across streams to get the 
 goods over. They reached their destination Aug. 13, 1813. Mr. Fisher set- 
 tled on land bought of Othello Church, afterwards murdered by Howe, 
 in Allegany county. He died at Cassadaga, May 5, 1847, aged 75. His 
 sons were Orrin H. and Willard W. The latter is at present postmaster at 
 Cassadaga. 
 
 Joel Fisher, son of Ichabod, Sr., was a native of Princeton, Mass., and 
 removed from Oneida Co. to Stockton, in 1809. He died -May 23, 1847, 
 aged 63 years. His sons were Asa, Joel, O. H. Perry, and Joseph. 
 
 Chauncey Goodrich was bom in Middlebury, Vt, Dec. 17, 1803, and 
 removed with his father to Cayuga Co., N. Y., in 1809, and in 1822 to Stock- 
 ton, and settled on lot 52, bought in 1826. He was married to Phebe 
 
566 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 Rogers, of Stockton. Their children are : Betsey Ann, wife of John E. 
 Hassett, and resides in Chatfield, Minn. ; Milo, who married Emily Babcock, 
 of Busti, and resides in Sherman ; Henry R., who married Martha Geer, and 
 lives at St. Joseph, Mo.; Ellen, wife of Henry Q. Ames, school commis- 
 sioner of the first assembly district of the county ; Corydon, who married 
 Nancy Ann King, of Stockton, and resides at Salt River, Mich.; Alice M., 
 wife of Levi N. Flint, of Erie, Pa. Mr. Goodrich now resides at Delanti. 
 
 Linus W. Miller, son of Benjamin Miller, was born in Stockton, Dec. 
 28, 1817. In early life he was a law student in the office of the late Judge 
 MuUett. At the age of 20, he joined the " Patriot" forces in Canada, in the 
 spring of 1838 ; was a staff officer of General McLeod, the commander in 
 chief, with the rank of lieutenant-colonel. After four months' active service, 
 he was captured, tried at Niagara, and sentenced to death. The sentence 
 was commuted to transportation for life to Van Dieman's Land ; he was 
 confined at Fort Henry, U. C, until November of that year ; then shipped to 
 England, in transitu, with 22 other political prisoners ; confined six months 
 in Newgate prison, London, with 1 1 others ; detained under writs of habeas 
 corpus in the courts of Queen's Bench and Exchequer, at the instance and 
 by the kind eflTorts of Lord Brougham, Roebuck, Joseph Hume, and others. 
 He arrived at Hobart Town, Jan. 12, 1840, and was six years a prisoner on 
 the island, suffering the first two years incredible hardships and cruelty ; but 
 was afterwards treated with kindness by officers and the free inhabitants of 
 the island. In 1845, through the intercession of the United States govern- 
 ment, and the efforts of Hon. Wm. H. Seward, he was pardoned ; and, on 
 the 28th of Jan., 1846, he arrived at home, after an absence of eight years. 
 Soon after his return, he published his "Notes of an Exile,'' etc., etc., an 
 octavo volume of 400 pages. An edition of 2,000 copies was sold readily ; 
 and a second edition is in contemplation. Mr. Miller resides in Stockton, 
 and is engaged in farming, and is an active and prominent member of the 
 Dairymen's Association. 
 
 Andrew Putnam, a native of Greenfield, Mass., removed, in 1795, with 
 his wife and two children, Harriet and Newell, to Brookfield, Madison Co., 
 where were born 8 sons : Gilbert, Lovell, Hiram, Olvin, Oren, Royal, Union, 
 and Worthy. In February, 181 7, he removed his family and effects to Chau- 
 tauqua Co., with 4 yoke of oxen and 2 sleds, i span of horses and a sleigh, 
 1 3 cows and young cattle. They crossed the Genesee river at Rochester, 
 and came by the southerly route, through Cattaraugus county. He settled 
 on lot 24, tp. 3, r. 12, since annexed to tp. 4, in forming the present town of 
 Stockton. On the organization of the town, in 1821, his is said to have 
 been the only piece of land in the town deeded. His cattle, during the 
 remainder of the winter, subsisted mainly on browse. The snow had scarcely 
 disappeared, before they were permitted to luxuriate in the native pastures, 
 in which they ranged at large, and which abounded with leeks and other 
 green herbage. Mr. Putnam was in faith a Baptist. Soon after his settle- 
 ment, he received a visit from his pastor at the East, Elder Joy Handy, of 
 
STOCKTON. 567 
 
 Canadaway, who preached in the neighborhood. He was noted for his hos- 
 pitality, and had frequent occasion to " entertain strangers,'' who, especially 
 if they were of the " household of faith," met with a hearty welcome. In 
 May, 1828, he cut a small gash in his knee. Having taken cold, the wound 
 became inflamed; and he died on the 14th of June following. Mrs. Put- 
 nam died Jan. 18, 1864, at the residence of Newell, her oldest son, in her 
 94th year. 
 
 Newell, the oldest son of Andrew Putnam, who had married Tacy Fenner, 
 came with his father, and settled on lot 32, township 3, range 12, also now 
 in Stockton, where he resided until, in i868,' he removed to Conneaut, O. 
 Before his removal, he held several offices of trust in the town, serving two 
 terms as justice of the peace. His only son. Welcome, died on the home- 
 stead of his father, October 28, 187 1. Gilbert, the second son, married 
 Thankful Rogers, and settled on lot 33. They had 6 sons and 3 daughters, 
 all of whom, except the two oldest sons, were living in 1872. Gilbert Put- 
 nam died in 1859, aged 62. His youngest son, Delos, lives on the old 
 homestead. Lovell, third son, died at 15. Hiram, fourth son, located in 
 Ellington, in 1823 ; he had 2 sons and 2 daughters. Olvin, the oldest son, 
 owns the farm, and the father resides at Ellington Center. Olvin, fifth son, 
 bought of Jonathan Bugbee, in 1826, 50 acres, on which he lived until his 
 death, in 1863. He had a son and a daughter. Alonzo, the son, resides in 
 town. Oren, sixth son, located near his father-in-law, Shadrach Scofield, in 
 the south-west part of Stockton, where he resided until 1856. He now re- 
 sides at Sinclairville. Luman, his only son, died in the war of the rebellion. 
 Royal Putnam owns and resides on a part of his father's old farm, with a 
 second wife, by whom he has a pair of twin sons. Union, twin brother of 
 Royal, settled on a part of the old farm of his father. He had two sons and 
 two daughters, of whom only a son is living, in Minnesota ; the father resides 
 in Rochester, Minn. Worthy Putnam, the youngest son of Andrew Putnam, 
 is the most widely known of the family. He 'was an early and a successful 
 teacher. He was from 1844 to 1848 county superintendent of schools. He 
 went through a thorough course of study in medicine, and afterwards took up 
 the law, and was, in 1859, admitted to practice in all the courts of the state. 
 In i860, he sold out his home at Sinclairville, and^emoved to Valparaiso, Ind., 
 and continued the practice of law. He had, while in this county, published 
 a work on elocution, to which he had given much attention ; and he soon 
 accepted the professorship of elocution in the college at Valparaiso. In 
 1864, he removed to Berrien Springs, Mich., where he now resides. He has 
 a son and a daughter. The daughter is the wife of Job Barnard, Esq., a 
 lawyer at Washington, D. C. ; the son a foreman in a printing house in 
 Chicago. 
 
 Abner Putnam, of another family, a cousin to Captain Andrew Putnam, 
 settled in Stockton in 1818, about a mile south of Cassadaga lake. His 
 wife's maiden name was Vesta Mallory. They had six sons and four daugh- 
 ters, all of whom were living in 1872. Elisha, William, Allen, and Corydon 
 
568 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 reside in Stockton ; Richmond, in Arkwright, and Edwin, in Charlotte. The 
 father died in 1864; the widow, who resided on the homestead, died in 1873. 
 
 Henry Rhinehart, bom in Putnam county, May 13, 1789, came to 
 Chautauqua county in 1824, and bought out Bela Todd, who still held an 
 article of 100 acres of lot 33, on which were a good barn, 30 by 40 feet, a 
 small horse bam, and a large log house, and on which about 7 5 acres had 
 been cleared. For this property he paid $300, which was then considered a 
 good sale ; [the original purchase money, of course, remaining due at the 
 land-office.] Mr. Rhinehart and his wife reared 15 children, 9 sons and 6 
 daughters. Their second daughter, wife of Pliny Smith, of Delanti, died 
 October 20, 1849. George W. was a soldier in the late war under Captain 
 Harmon J. Bliss, in the 7 2d regiment, and died of, camp fever, and was 
 buried at Camp Wood, November 27, 1861. Of the thirteen remaining 
 children, Joseph and Henry reside in Warren county. Pa. ; Cornelius at 
 Salem, Missouri ; Amos in Busti ; and the remainder in Stockton, the place 
 of their nativity. John, the oldest son, was for several years a sailor, engag- 
 ed a part of the time in whaling in the North Pacific ocean and the Kam- 
 schatka sea. In 1845, his hardships having prostrated his health, he visited 
 the Sandwich Islands, where he remained several months, and explored the 
 entire group, visiting the burning mountain and other attractions of these 
 islands. He has since made two trips across the plains to California, and 
 returned in 1867 to take the care of his parents, who are still living in the 
 village of Delanti. 
 
 Ebenezer Smith, Jr., from Mass., in the fall of 1816, settled on the west 
 side of Cassadaga creek, 2 m. below the lake, on lot 6. He came in com- 
 pany with David Whittemore and Philip Phillips, grandfather of the Messrs. 
 Phillips, now at Cassadaga. His family consisted of himself, wife, four sons 
 and three daughters. They moved with two yoke of oxen on one wagon. 
 He moved in with Jeduthan Smith, a relative, till a cabin of rudest style was 
 built. It was roofed with raffers, with poles called ribs, running crosswise, 
 on which rough shingles four feet long, rived out of pine trees, were laid ; 
 and probably, as was usually done, without being nailed, but fastened with 
 heavy poles, called " weight-poles," laid across. Succeeding the " cold sum- 
 mer," grain was scarce and ^igh ; his wheat costing $2 per bushel, and corn 
 $1; and his cattle were wintered on browse. His children were Aaron, 
 Quartus, Fidelia, Gerry, Rebecca, Ebenezer, and Kezia, all of whom attain- 
 ed the age of majority, and all came to Stockton. The daughters were mar- 
 ried, as follows: Fidelia to Elijah Woods; Rebecca to Freeman Richardson; 
 Kezia to Arunah Richardson. 
 
 Aaron Smith, son of Ebenezer, Jr., was bom Oct. 8, 1792 ; was married, 
 in 1820, to Laura Harrison, and had 10 children, of whom only 5 passed 
 the age of childhood : Lucy, wife of Merlin Griffith, of Charlotte ; Cyms, 
 who resides in Hamilton, Minn. ; Pomilla, with her father, unmarried ; Wil- 
 liam, with his father, on the farm ; and Aaron, also at the home of his father. 
 The marriage of Aaron Smith, Sr., was the first in the vicinity of Cassadaga. 
 
STOCKTON. 569 
 
 Mrs. Smith was a daughter of Daniel W. Harrison, and adopted daughter of 
 Ichabod Fisher. ' -* ' 
 
 Obed Taylor was born in Ashfield, Mass., July 29, 1791. His father 
 was Edward Taylor, the youngest son of a family of ten children, of whom 
 all Uved to a ripe old age. One, Joshua Taylor, still lives in Marietta, O., 
 86 years of age. Obed came to Chautauqua county, in 1817; took up land 
 in Pomfret, and, in' 1819, settled in Stockton. In 1822, he was married to 
 Mrs. Anna Sawtell, widow of Henry Sawtell, a millwright. This is said to 
 have been the second marriage in Stockton. They had 4 sons and 2 daugh- 
 ters ; also a step-son of Mr. Taylor, Henry Sawtell, who never knew any 
 other father's care. The children were Sophia E., Dascum A., Emory G., 
 Hascal L., Newton, and Lestina A. Sophia E. was married to Jasper Gk)ld- 
 ing, a farmer, in Stockton. Dascum was married, first, to Sarepta Hortpn ; 
 and, after her decease, to Mrs. Persie Gardner. He is in the milling busi- 
 ness, in company with Newton; both residing in Stockton. Newton married 
 Lodema Emory. Hascal was married to Louisa Thomas, and resides in Fre- 
 donia ; business, banking, and oil trade in Petrolia. Emory died, unmarried, 
 at the age of 23. Lestina was married to Wm. Bradshaw, who is in the car- 
 riage business at Jamestown. When Mr. T. came from Massachusetts, he 
 traveled the entire distance on foot, the last time carrying on his back a pack 
 weighing 24 pounds. The writer of his obituary notice says : " If ever he 
 had an enemy, if ever a man heard him say aught in malice against another, 
 or retail a slander, or knew him to be a party to a quarrel, it certainly was 
 not one of his old neighbors who knew him best. Even the children in the 
 school looked up to Uncle Obed with affectionate veneration. He was for 
 many years a miller, and his integrity became proverbial. He had a native 
 love of humor, a certain dry way of saying things, in which were often blend- 
 ed much of keen good sense and genuine wit. * * * During his last 
 sickness, his doubts as to his adoption with the family of Christ were removed ; 
 and he regretted that he had not been baptized and connected himself with 
 the church." He died Jan. 17, 1873, in his 82d year. 
 
 Bela Todd, a native of North Haven, Conn., removed from Fairfield, 
 N. Y., to Chautauqua, and settled, in April, 18 ri, on lot 33, tp. 4, r. 12, now 
 Stockton, having purchased the year before. His was the first house built 
 on the road between Hartfield and the residence of William Barrows. He 
 is said to have been a very industrious man, clearing away the forest at the 
 rate of ten acres a year. He raised 15 children, a majority of ihem boys. 
 Ora B., the oldest of them, and the only representative of the family in 
 the town, resides near the late residence of his father,"near Cooper's mills, 
 on lot 1 1, to which the father removed in 1824, having sold his farm on lot 
 33 to Henry Rhinehart. He died at the residency of his son, Ora B., in 
 1862, aged 77 years. 
 
 Elisha Tower, a native of New Bedford, Mass., came, in 1812, from Du- 
 anesburg, Schenectady Co., to Chautauqua, with his knapsack, provisions, a 
 change of clothing, and an axe. He came by way of Cross Roads to Mayville, 
 
570 ' HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 where he labored awhile to r^leSish his scanty purse. , In the fall he tpok f 
 job of chopping several acres at the Inlet, [Hartfield,] which he completed 
 lAxjbt the i^t of April, iSrif^^'hij^B^ boarded" himself in a phanty erected by 
 ^tl^^^'qf^tJ^rosSite tre^'im^^ witlW^Uttle else than a blanket iind a 
 .fryifig {kitf|f1iis bokrd con^teirig ciriefly 6f j6hnny-cake and fri^ pork. In 
 December^ i8ir, he took an article of the east half of lot 4, tp. 3, r. 12, where 
 he resltfed until fe death, 'excCT)t three years, from 1859 to 184*, during 
 which time he lived in JamestO-vfei*- tti^gtJi^ he built a log house, in which 
 he kept "bachelor's hall,^',;f6t- a tiateJj' In 1813^ he was drafted into the war, 
 and participated in the" battle* of Black Rocfe; In the autumn of 1814, he 
 retflroed to Duanesbuig, and, iti June following, was mimed to Philena Moj- 
 gan^a^Betne, Albany Co. In 1817, they removed, with one child, to EUeiyl 
 Tb# ^Id having been taken ill, they were conipelled to stbp' at 'the bouse of • 
 Wm: Barrows, where the child died. He removed into his log cabin ; but 
 he soon built a commodious frame bous6, in which the family resided until 
 1834, when he built a large two story house. Mr. Tower held several of the 
 more important town offices in Ellery, including that of justice of the peace, 
 the duties of which were faithfully discharged. . He died Jan; 6, 1866, aged 
 nearly 78. His wife died December 17, i860. Their children bom in this 
 county, were 3 sons and 3 daughters. The sons were : EHsha, who resides 
 in Portland ; Sipeon M., who owns and occupies the south part of his fath- 
 er's homestead^- and resides on the east side of the town line in Gerry; and 
 Corydon L., the youngest of the family, who resides on the old homestead. 
 The 3 daughters are : Rhoda A., wife of Ebenezer Moon, of Moon station, 
 in Stockton ; Cliarissa D., unmarried ; and Emily M., the youngest, and wife 
 of B. Frank Dennison. 
 
 Calvin Warren, a native of Windham, Conn., removed in 18 16 to Stock- 
 ton, I j4 m. north from Delantj, where he resided until his death, in 1827. 
 He came With a teatriof^ two yoke of oxen, and was six weeks in performing 
 the jonfney. His fami^'^^msisted of himself, vhis wife, and three children, 
 Chau'ncey< Martins, and SybiK'* ff0- "enjoyed 'the confidence and esteem of 
 his fellow-citizens^ and was elected' thefirst supervisor of the town, in 1821, 
 and again in 1822 and 1826. 
 
 Chauncey Warren, son of Calvin, was born in Conn., April 22, 1802, 
 and came to Stockton in 18271*=' He was married in 1 823 to Sally Knowlton, of 
 Conn., and after his father's death, settfW'bn the old £inn, and subsequently 
 on a farm adjoining, ^here'hifrjiow resiides. -His wife died in February, 1874. 
 Their childrtn #|Tei^ ij. /itru>s\S^j[Skthe\<iivr.] -.2. /adai W., who married 
 Myra Grant, and resides fttW^^^i. : He has a son, Channcey. 3. Lufien C, 
 who married Mary^:M^€d«s«^ iutd resides on the old hoHte»tead. His chil- 
 dren were Miner S., w^o died'at the'sge of 10 years/; from the falling of a 
 tree ; Minnie D., and Archie D. His second son, Calvin, died in infancy. 
 
 Amos K. Warren, son of Chauncey Warren, was bom in Windham 
 county. Conn., Febraary 24, 1824, and came with his father's family to Stock- 
 ton, in 1827. He received a good and practical education, which was com- 
 
'? rC'i, I' >^ C1L^^ 
 
 Cl-^-'L,-^- '^ -I ^ 
 

 /■t^</ 
 
STOCKTON. 571 
 
 pleted at the Fredonia academy. In 1845, he was married to Helen A. 
 Moore, of the same town ; their only child, Sarah De Ette, dying in 186 1, 
 at the age of thirteen. Until 1862, he continued a farmer, and a resident 
 of Stockton. In agricultural matters he was much interested. Observing 
 the utility of many improvements in farm implements, he proved to others 
 their advantages. In 1862, he was appointed under-sheriff, by Charles 
 Kennedy, the sheriff, and removed to Mayville, and had charge of the 
 sheriff's office, and the management of the county jail. Having, by the 
 faithful discharge of the duties of the office, gained the confidence of the 
 people, he was, in 1864, elected sheriff; and again were the duties of the 
 office performed with promptness and ability. He, with other citizens of 
 Mayville, took an early and active part in effecting the organization of the 
 Buffalo, Corry & Pittsburgh railroad company, and procuring the means for 
 the construction of the road. He was 4irector and secretary from 1865 until 
 its transfer to another management in 1873. Designing to make Mayville 
 his permanent home, he is active in promoting all local interests and im- 
 provements. 
 
 Churches. , 
 
 Baptist Churches. — A Baptist church was formed in Chautauqua, in 1808. 
 John Putnam, David Atkins, Edmund Jones, John Park, Miles Scofield, 
 Sabra Putnam, Hannah Park, Abigail Scofield, and Sally Scofield, met at 
 John Putnam's, near Chautauqua lake, 2j^ miles south of Dewittville, with 
 a view to the organization of a church. A council was subsequently called 
 for this purpose. The council, compo^d of Elders Peter P. Roots, of Fa- 
 bius ; Joel Butler, of Sangerfield ; Hezekiah Eastman, and Joy Handy, met 
 on the loth of October, and received the brethren and sisters into fellowship 
 as a church. On the next day, the council ordained Edmund Jones to the 
 gospel ministry. In February, 181 7, the church was geografphically divided 
 by a line running due east from the lake, leaving John Putnam in the First 
 church of Chautauqua. In July, Mr. Putnam was ordained deacon. In 
 April, [821, after the town of Stockton had been formed from Chautauqua, 
 the name of the church was changed to The First Church of Stockton., its 
 present name ; and the school-house near Miles Scofield's, in school district 
 No. I, was established as the regular place for meetings of the church. 
 Among the early members of the church were Henry Walker, Shadrach Sco- 
 field, David Knowlton, David Waterbury, Almon Ives, Epenetus Winsor, 
 John McCoUister, and Elisha Tower. In October following, the inhabitants 
 of this school district and vicinity were organized, under the act o^he legis- 
 lature, as the First, Baptist Congregational Society of Stockton. Being one 
 of the first two incorporated religious societies in the town, it became en- 
 titled to the donation of 50 acres of land from the Holland Land Company. 
 Baptist Church at Delanti. Soon after the war of -18 12, several families of 
 Baptists, or of persons favorable to that denomination, settled in the valley 
 of Bear creek. Among these families were those of Benj. Miller, Abel 
 Thompson, Samuel Crissey, Gould Crissey, and John Mitchell. Early in the 
 
5/2 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 winter of 1815-16, Rev. John Spencer, a Congregational missionary, is said 
 to have appointed a meeting on a sabbath ; and stated meetings were imme- 
 diately thereafter commenced. We are not informed that Mr. Spencer con- 
 tinued with them as a preacher. Probably he did not, as we read that meet- 
 ings were led by Samuel Crissey, Benj. Miller, and Gould Crissey; and that 
 sermons were read by Ethan Cooley and Horace Thompson. Singing was 
 performed by the congregation without notes. On the 12th of March, 1817, 
 the hand of fellowship was given to seven brethren and sisters, as the "Third 
 Baptist Church in Chautauqua.'' Their names were Samuel Crissey, Benj. 
 Miller, Gould Crissey, Edward Ellis, Patty Ellis, Ruth Crissey, Susanna Bid- 
 well. The ministers present were Joy Handy and Asa Turner. The number 
 of members increased during the first year to eighteen. They were supplied 
 in part by Elder Ebenezer Smith, then 84 years old. He lived until he was 
 nearly 90. The names of ministers,who have been called to the pastorate 
 of this church, are EHsha Gill, 1823; Washington Winsor, 1827 ; Isaac Saw- 
 yer, 1834; Oren Witherell, 1835; Sardis Little, 1837 ; Judah L Richmond, 
 1840; S. P. Way, 1845; Arah Irons, 1849; B. C. Willoughby, 1851; Elder 
 Howard, 1854; J. Elliott, 1857; A. Kingsbury, 1859; A. L. Freeman, 1861; 
 L. J. Fisher, 1864; Samuel Adsit, 18 — . Many have also rendered efficient 
 service as temporary supplies, among whom were Alanson Waugh, David 
 Bernard, J. W. Sawyer, Zattu Gushing, H. B. Kenyon. The deaconship has 
 been held by Gould Crissey, Ethan Cooley, John Grant, Charles Bacheller, 
 Jason Crissey, and Chester Thompson. A meeting-house was built in 1832. 
 
 A Congregational Church was formed by the missionary. Rev. John Spen- 
 cer, said by some to have been as early as 1815 — and perhaps earlier — con- 
 sisting of 9 members, 3 males and 6 females, but the names of all are not 
 recollected ; among them are believed to be the following : Ichabod Fisher 
 
 and wife, and his mother, Oliver Cleland, Lewis, Laura Miller, Amy 
 
 Johnson, and others. This church, some years later, about 1830, it is be- 
 lieved, adopted the Presbyterian form of government, and subsequently, 
 about 1840, changed back to the Congregational form. A meeting-house 
 having been built, designed for the Christian church, and not taken after its 
 completion, the proprietor sold it to the Congregational society. On the 
 union of this society with the Methodist church, the house of worship was 
 conveyed to the latter in 1857 or 1858. Early ministers of the Congrega- 
 tional and Presbyterian church, were Amasa West, Mr. Washburn, Hugh 
 Wallis, Obadiah C. Beardsley, James Wilson, Mr. Hoyt, Mr. Carpenter, Mr. 
 Monroe, Mr. Amsden, Reuben Willoughby, James Henry, Mr. Bliss. 
 
 A Methodist Church was formed in the west part of the town, about 1828 
 or 1829, or, as some think, a few years earlier. Among the members of the 
 first class, were Titus Johnson, Ephraim Sanford, Jas. Morrell, John Brown, 
 and their wives, [as stated from recollection, there being no records to refer 
 to ;] and soon after, the following : Daniel Johnson, McClelland, Absa- 
 lom Johnson, and their wives, Daniel Walradt, Sarah Ann Brown. Among 
 their early preachers were Hiram Kinsley, Darius Williams, Francis A. 
 
VILLENOVA. 573 
 
 Dighton, William Todd, Lorenzo Rogers, J. Luce. As has been stated, the 
 Congregational church gave up its organization, and its members joined the 
 Methodists ; and the united society became possessed of the present house 
 of worship, previously owned by the Congregationalists. Later ministers of 
 
 the Methodist church have been, Ralph R. Roberts, Eberman, John 
 
 Akers, F. F. Stuntz, Rufus Pratt, Shurick, Geo. W. Gray, David Miz- 
 
 ener, Charles Woodworth, Francis A. Ar.chibald, Wm. Bear, M. Smith. 
 
 The Christian Church was organized at Delanti, in 1825, Rev. Joseph 
 Bailey officiating. The members at the time of organization, or soon after 
 were Newell Putnam, Gilbert Putnam, Abel Brunson, John Newberry, Aretus 
 Rogers, Henry Rhinehart, Festus Jones, Heron Scofield, and their wives, 
 Lester Newberry, Solomon Tyler, Stephen Williams, Fanny White, Mrs. 
 Belinda Porter, Naomi Searls, Worthy Putnam, Warren Coe and wife. Min- 
 isters were Joseph Bailey, Oliver Barr, George Bailey, Edward Mosher, 
 
 Buzzel. Meetings were held i» a school-house. The society was discon- 
 tinued in 1863. 
 
 The Methodist Church at Oregon was formed about 1840. In the absence 
 of early records, the following sketch is given from memory by persons re- 
 siding there at the time of its formation. Rev. John Wood formed a class, 
 consisting of Mary Ann Flagg, Abraham Van Wirt and wife, Mrs. Charlotte 
 Picket, Laura Ann Wilder, Rebecca Newton, and perhaps others. Abraham 
 Van ^^^irt was leader of the class. Early preachers were, Rev. Mr. Barris, 
 Mr. Cummings, Valorus Lake, Orsamus P. Brown ; the present preacher, 
 [1873,] Rev. M. Smith. Meetings were held for many years in a school- 
 house. Their present meeting-house was built in 1866. 
 
 The Cassadaga Baptist Church was organized with 37 members. May 8, 
 1843. [A sketch of this church has not been furnished.] Their first house 
 of worship was built in 1835. It was repaired and materially improved in 
 1869. The first pastor was Rev. Elisha Johnson ; the present one, [1873,] 
 Rev. A. Kingsbury. 
 
 Union Church, [United Brethren in Christ,] at Pleasant Valley, was organ- 
 ized, with 19 members, in 1862, by Rev. Joseph Hoyt, the first pastor. The 
 church edifice was erected in 187 1. 
 
 VILLENOVA. 
 
 ViLLENOVA was taken from Hanover, Jan. 24, 1823. A part of Arkwright 
 was taken from Villenova in 1829. The latter now comprises township 5, of 
 the loth range. Its surface is rolling in the south-east, and broken and hilly 
 in the center and north. The highest summit is about 900 feet higher than 
 Lake Erie. Its principal streams are the two branches of the Connewango 
 creek. On the western border of the town is Mud lake, the greater part of 
 which lies in Arkwright, the outlet of which is the principal tributary of the 
 
574 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 southern branch of the Connewango. Near the north border, on lot 24, is 
 East Mud lake, the outlet of which is the greatest tributary of the eastern 
 branch, which unites with the other branch on lot 2, a little above where the 
 united stream crosses the east line into Cattaraugus county. 
 
 Original Purchases in Township 5, Range to. 
 
 1809. Oct., Ezra Puffer, 19, 27, 36. John Kent, 2. Daniel Whipple, 3. 
 i8io. March, John Kent, Jr., 3. April, Reuben Wright, Jr., 22. June, 
 John Arnold, 19. July, Benj. Sweet, 11, 18. Oct., Charles Mather, 4. 
 
 1815. June, Eldad Corbet, Jr., 11. 
 
 1 8 16. March, Villeroy Balcom, 10. 
 
 181 7. May, James Congdon, 14. Nov., Augustin Wright, 52. 
 
 1818. March, Daniel Wright, 20. April, Enos Matteson, 64. May, 
 Sylvanus Wright, 20. 
 
 1819. May, Auren G. Smith, 43. 
 
 1820. May, Nathaniel Warner, T^d. 
 
 1821. October, Nathaniel Warner, 35. • 
 
 1822. March, Noah Strong, 64. June, Nathaniel Warner, Jr., 43. Octo- 
 ber, Wm. J. Straight, 58. 
 
 1823. May, Arad Wheeler, 14. June, James H. Ward, 15. 
 
 1824. December, Phineas T. Judd, 27. 
 
 1825. April, Samuel Geer, Jr., 48. Thomas White, 48. Josiah H. 
 White, 24. Wheeler B. Smith, 24. 
 
 1826. January, Henry Waters, 33. August, John Pope, 62. December, 
 Thomas Howard, 50. 
 
 1827. October, Villeroy Balcom, 17. Nathaniel Warner, 63. 
 
 In answer to a request for information respecting the early settlement of 
 Villenova, Dr. Austin Pierce, a resident of this town, gave the following 
 names of early settlers and the years in which they respectively settled in the 
 town. The statements were made upon the authority of early settlers in the 
 town, more than twenty years ago, when early occurrences were fresh in their 
 recollections ; and are therefore likely to be correct. 
 
 "The first settler in town was Daniel Whipple, a native of Deerfield, 
 Mass., who came from Litchfield, Herkimer county, N. Y., to Villenova in 
 1810. In the same year came John Kent and Eli Arnold. William and 
 Benjamin Barrass and Roderick Wells came about the year 181 1, and resided 
 here about 20 years. Near the same time came Charles Mather, Captain 
 Sweet, and Nathaniel Bowen : they remained but a short time. Bowen was 
 a soldier in the war of 18 12, and was killed in the battle near Buffalo, in 18] 3. 
 Ezra Puffer, a native of Sudbury, Mass., came in 181 2 ; removed in 1843 to 
 Northern Indiana, where he died. Villeroy Balcom, a native of Sudbury, 
 [probably Mass.,] and Erza Corbet, son of Eldad, born in Mendon, Mass., 
 came in 1815. He was a brother-in-law of Daniel Wright. His father was 
 a Revolutionary soldier. Charles Wright came in 1816. This," Dr. P. says, 
 " brings the account to the time of the Wright family. Most of the settlers 
 who came before and after this time, were from Litchfield, Herkimer county. 
 Among those who came after the Wrights, from Litchfield, were the family of 
 Nathaniel Warner, the Smiths, and Congdons, most of whose descendants 
 are [1853] still here." 
 
 As has been elsewhere remarked, priority of purchase is not a certain 
 
VILLENOVA. 575 
 
 indication of priority of settlement Ezra Puffer's is the earliest purchase in 
 Villenova, on record — October 28, 1809 ; the dates of the purchases of John 
 Kent and Daniel Whipple, are two days later, [the 30th,] — all in 1809, the 
 year before Whipple is said to have settled in the town. The name of Eli 
 Arnold as an original purchaser does not appear at all. [His land was prob- 
 ably that which, in the Company's book, is set to the name of John Arnold 
 as purchaser of lot 19, June, 1810.] Nor do the names of William and 
 Benjamin Barrows appear. They probably bought lands which had been 
 previously articled to others. It appears from the list of original purchases, 
 that Charles Mather, Benjamin Sweet, and Nathaniel Bowen, all bought in 
 1810; Mr. Balcom not until March, i8i6, though he may have become a 
 resident earlier. Eldad Corbet, Jr., bought on lot 11 in June, 1815; but 
 Arza's name does not appear. Charles Wright, said to have settled in 181 6, 
 does not appear as an original purchaser, though several of the family do so 
 appear; none, however, before 1817. [Reuben Wright, Jr., who bought on 
 lot 22, April, 1810, was probably not of the same family.] The names of 
 Nathaniel \\'arner, a number of Smiths, and James Congdon, appear in the 
 list of original purchases. 
 
 It will appear, by referring to the Land Company's books, that a greater 
 number of purchases were made during the five years, from 1823 to 1827, 
 inclusive, than during the eighteen years, from 1809 to 1822. It appears 
 also that with the year 1827, in which the sales were more numerous than in 
 any preceding year, except 1826, sales close abruptly, while in most of the 
 towns of the county, they dwindle gradually until 1831, with which year the 
 book list ends. This sudden cessation of the entrance of sales on the Hol- 
 land Company's books is accounted for by the general sale, by the Company, 
 in 1828, of all their unsold lands in the loth and nth ranges, and township 
 I, range 12, with the exception of the town of Gerry. These lands were 
 sold to James O. Morse, Levi Beardsley, and Alvin Stewart, known as the 
 " Cherry Valley Company," they being residents of Cherry Valley. The 
 number of acres in this town sold to this Company was 5,246. 
 
 Eli Arnold, born in Great Barrington, Mass., Sept. i, 1772, after a resi- 
 dence successively in Albany, N. Y., Pownal,Vt., Litchfield and Williamstown, 
 N. Y., removed to Villenova, in 1810. He settled on lot 19, which was pur- 
 chased in 1810, where he resided until his death, July 5, 1857. His father, 
 David Arnold, a native of Conn., died in Villenova, March 17, 1822, aged 82. 
 His wife, born in Conn., Oct. 15, 1740, died in this town, at the age of 96. 
 John Arnold, brother of Eli, was a Methodist preacher, and died, aged 92. 
 
 Wm. Pierce, born in Vermont, Sept. 27, 1795 ; removed to Jefferson Co., 
 N. Y., with his father; and in 1815 he removed to Villenova, and finally set- 
 tled on a part of the land purchased by his father-in-law, Eli Arnold, lot 19. 
 His wife was Rachel Arnold. His sons were Luther, who lives near his 
 father; John, who died at 19, in Ohio; David, who died in 1875. Daugh- 
 ters : Martha; Elsie, wife of John Weed, Cherry Creek ; Delia, wife of Wm. 
 Moon ; they reside near her father's. 
 
576 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 Wright Families. — As will appear from the following sketches, there were 
 five brothers who came from Herkimer Co., and settled nearly at the same 
 time. Augustin, Daniel, and Sylvanus appear as original purchasers. 
 
 Charles Wright, whose name is not among those of the original purchasers, 
 is said to have settled on lot ii, in 1816, bought by Eldad Corbet in 1815. 
 He removed several years ago to Wisconsin, and died there. A daughter, 
 the wife of George Dye, resides in town. He had several sons, none of 
 whom reside in the county. 
 
 Augustin Wright also is said to have taken a part of lot 11, in 181 7, though 
 his original purchase appears to have been in May, 1817, of a part of lot 52, 
 on which he settled, and where he still resides, aged upwards of fourscore 
 years. His sons are : Clark and Richard S., in Linden, Wisconsin ; Wey- 
 man, harness-maker, Fredonia ; Augustin, in town ; Darwin, at home, on the 
 farm. A daughter, Mary Ann, is the wife of Obed Young; they live in Fre- 
 donia. 
 
 Lewis Wright settled on lot 20, in 181 7, it is said, and, after several re- 
 movals in town, removed to Wisconsin, where he now resides. None of his 
 family remain in this town. 
 
 Daniel Wright settled on lot 20, where he bought in 1818, and died in 
 187 1. His sons were: Edmund, who resides in the south-east part of the 
 town, married Polly Judd, and whose children are Wilder, who married 
 Anna Mount ; Huldah, wife of Jackson Dye ; Ruth, wife of John C. Dye ; 
 Nancy, wife of Marvin J. Hamlin; Wm. W., who died at 19; and James, a 
 twin brother, who married Alma Bettis. James, another son of Daniel 
 Wright, died on his father's homestead, now owned by his son Daniel. Dan- 
 iel Wright had also a daughter, Grace, wife of Wm. Crowell, deceased. She 
 lives with her son Edmund, in Hamlet. 
 
 Sylvanus Wright bought, in 1818, a part of lot 20. He subsequently set- 
 tled on lot 52 ; and removed thence to Hamlet, where he now resides. His 
 sons are : Abel J. ; Theron ; Sylvanus A., who lives in Iowa ; Melvin and 
 Myron, in this town. Daughters : Susan, widow of Signor Brinsor ; and 
 Sarah, married, and living in Massachusetts. 
 
 The following are the names of early settlers, many of them of a later 
 date than most of those before mentioned : 
 
 In the vicinity of Hamlet, James Congdon bought, in 1817, a part of lot 
 44, on which his sons settled. Amos, one of the sons, died there ; and Icha- 
 bod subsequently settled on the farm. A son, Lewis, resides near his father. 
 Auren G. Smith, from Herkimer Co., in 1819, bought let 43, and, with his 
 brother, built the first saw-mill at Hamlet, on the present site of Orton's mil). 
 Phineas T. Judd settled on lot 27. He died a few years ago. His sons 
 Charles and George reside in the town. Asahel Hills, first on lot 52, settled 
 on lot 36 ; deceased. His sons, Hoel and Kneeland G., reside in town. 
 John Spencer, from Herkimer Co., settled early on lot 43 ; removed to the 
 south part of the town, and thence to lot 35, where his wife died. His sons 
 were : John, deceased; Reuben, who resides in Mich.; Arden, a preacher of 
 
VILLENOVA. 577 
 
 the United Brethren, who died in January, 1874 ; Andrew and James, who 
 hve in Ohio. Henry Sessions settled a mile north-westerly from Hamlet, 
 where he still resides. He has pursued, successively, the varied business of 
 a farmer, merchant, and cattle-dealer. His sons are Lawrence, Manley, and 
 Elmer. 
 
 Hiram Cornell, from Port Jervis, N. Y., to Hanover, in 1835, removed to 
 Villenova in 1840, on lot 55, now owned by Crawford Stearns ; thence to lot 
 36, near the center of the town. He was married to Polly Pomero)'. Their 
 children were Mary, deceased, wife of Albert Stilwell ; Rachel,' wife of John 
 Stearns, Coldwater, Michigan; Harry, in Minnesota; Hiram P., who married 
 Ruth A., daughter of Reuben Warner, and resides at Hamlet. Their chil- 
 dren are George Albert, Milton G., Arthur M., and Herman M. 
 
 Allen Lee Brunson came from Cherry Creek to the south part of Villenova, 
 about 1S38 ; thence to Hamlet, where he now resides. He was for 23 years 
 a constable, and part of the time collector of taxes. His children were 
 Daniel H., now in Forestville ; Frederick S., a farmer, near the center of the 
 town; Mary Ann, who married Edmund W. Crowell, in Hamlet, a grandson 
 of David Crowell. 
 
 George Wilson, from Jefferson Co., settled at Hamlet, where he has for 
 many years pursued the trade of wagon and carriage maker. His first wife 
 was Sophia Jackson ; the second, Laura A. Ewing. He has three children 
 living : Sophia, wife of Lyman H. Lewis, Busti ; Abner, business partner of his 
 father ; and Ina. Mr. W. is serving his fourth term as justice of the peace. 
 
 In the east and north-cast parts of the town, Jesse Goldthwait settled on 
 lot 4, bought in iSio by Charles Mather. His sons, Jesse and Hiram, reside 
 in the town ; Jesse, on the homestead. John Fluker settled on lot 5, where 
 he died. His son-in-law, Wm. Newcomb, resides on the homestead. The 
 sons, James and William, live in the same part of the town ; James, near the 
 homestead. Gamaliel Collins settled on lot 22 ; has been for several years, 
 and is now, a justice of the peace. Two daughters, Fanny and Philena, live 
 at home. Alexander Gillett was an early settler on lot 16; his sons, Benja- 
 min and Perry, reside in town. 
 
 In the north-west part of the town, Noah Strong, in 1822, bought lot 64, 
 on which he settled, where his son Hiram resides. Samuel Geer, Jr., settled 
 on lot 48, which he bought in 1825, where his widow and son, Delos, now 
 reside. John Stilwell, in 1827, settled on lot 63 ; removed to Cherry Creek, 
 where he died. His son Albert resides in Hamlet ; Sylvester, in Cleveland, 
 Ohio ; and William, in Missouri. John Pope settled early on lot 56. His 
 sons were Horatio G., supervisor in 1870; Chester, in Michigan; Harrison, 
 in Hanover ; Almon and William, in town ; and Daniel, in the eastern part 
 of the state. John Feny settled on lot 54, where he died. His sons were 
 Nathaniel and John, both deceased ; and Clark, Anson, and Julius, who 
 reside in the town. Isaac Corey, from Long Island, with four sons, settled 
 early on lot 53. The sons were Hoel, now in Cherry Creek; Medad S., 
 physician, at Hamlet ; Henry, in town ; George, in Laona. 
 37 
 
578 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 In the north part of the town, James Hamlin settled on lot 38, where his 
 widow and sons, Albert and Willard, reside. Orren S. Harmon settled early 
 on lot 38. He was for many years a teacher and town superintendent of 
 schools. He has a son. Baron, aged about 16. Had two daughters : Orpha, 
 wife of Seward Gray, and Ellen, who died unmarried. Daniel Ball settled 
 early on lot 38, where he still resides. His sons are James, who resides in 
 Penn. ; George and Silas, near their father ; John, in Hanover ; Daniel, a 
 Wesleyan preacher ; Wesley, in Penn. ; Joshua, in Arkwright ; Linus A. and 
 Jonathan, in town. George Ball, brother of Daniel Ball, Sr., settled in the 
 south-east part of the town, and died in Perrysburgh. John Eastman settled 
 on lot 39, where Wm. H. Knapp resides. Of his six sons, only Henry resides 
 in town. William Burk settled on lot 31 ; removed to Hanover, and has 
 since returned to the north-east part of the town, where he and his son Irvin 
 reside. 
 
 In the central part of the town, David Crowell settled on lot 36, and about 
 two years after, on lot 28. He died at Hamlet in i860. His sons were 
 Samuel, who died in Hanover ; David, who settled on lot 30, where he died, 
 and where John M. Smith now resides ; Andrew, who died at Hamlet in 
 1874; James, who resides in Penn.; William, deceased; Martin, who mar- 
 ried Louisa, daughter of Daniel McBride, and resides at Hamlet. Ehza. 
 daughter of David Crowell, was the wife, first, of Nicholas L. Allen ; second, 
 of Hiram Cornell, who also is dead. She resides in the town. Solomon, 
 brother of David Crowell, Sr., settled near the center of the town. His sons 
 were Cicero, Lucius, Solomon, and .Truesdell, all deceased. Abraham, 
 brother of Solomon and David, Sr., lived at the center of the town, and died 
 there. His sons were Hiram; Nelson, dead ; La Fayette; Abraham, on the 
 father's homestead, and Ira — all in town, except Hiram, who is in Penn. 
 
 Isaac Cummings settled near the center, on lot 37, and died in Cherry 
 Creek, where he resided with his son Henry. His other and older sons 
 were Isaac, who resided in the north-west part of the town, removed West, 
 and died there ; Clark, in Cherry Creek ; John, who died many years ago on 
 the homestead. He had two daughters : Susan, wife of Horatio Pope ; and 
 Sarah, wife of Harrison Pope, in Hanover. 
 
 In the south part of the town, Benj. Vincent, a blacksmith, settled. He 
 afterwards bought a farm. His son Joseph is on the farm with his father : 
 Franklin, another son, is deceased. Mark Markham settled on lot 25 ; now 
 lives at Hamlet. His sons, Melvin and Adelbert, reside in town. John 
 Dennison settled on lot 25, and died there. His son Curtis is on the home- 
 stead of his father; another son, Edwin, on the farm formerly owned bv 
 Nathan Stoddard, adjoining the other ; Sidney, in Cherry Creek ; Henry and 
 Thomas, gone West. George B. Aldrich settled on lot 51; afterwards re- 
 moved to lot 25. He had two sons: Clark, who died many years ago; and 
 John, who resides with his father. 
 
 In the south-west part of the town, Wm. J. Straight, in 1822, bought a part 
 of lot 58, on which he settled, and where he still resides. His son, Wm. ]., 
 
VILLENOVA. 579 
 
 is a merchant in Forestville. Thomas Howard settled on lot 50, bought in 
 Dec, 1828, where his son Dallas resides. Daniel Ruttenbur settled early on 
 lot 41, and is deceased. His sons, Porter S., Daniel C, and Jerome, reside 
 there. 
 
 In the south-east part of the town, James Cook settled about 40 years ago. 
 on lot 19, early taken up by Ezra Puffer, and still resides there. Paul Cush- 
 man settled on lot 18. His sons are Abraham, a physician in Crawford Co., 
 Pa. ; Alonzo, a merchant, first at Wright's Corners, now at Cassadaga ; and 
 Adelbert, who resides in Cattaraugus Co. Isaac PhiUips settled on lot 41, 
 where he died a few years ago. His sons, Addison and Samuel, reside in 
 Poland ; Frederick and Hampton, in town ; William, in Rutledge ; and Zar- 
 dius, in Sinclairville. John Kent settled on lot 2, bought in 1809, where he 
 built the first mills in town. He removed to Gowanda, where he died. His 
 sons were John, an early Methodist preacher, who resides in Livin^ton 
 Co. ; James, rernoved to Ohio. A daughter, Polly, was the wife, first, of Dr. 
 
 Dighton ; second, of Moffitt. None of the family are now in town. 
 
 Theyfrj/ town-meeting in Villenova was held in the year 1823. The names 
 of the officers elected are as follows : 
 
 Supervisor — Ezra Puffer. Town Clerk — Milton Foot. Assessors — Daniel 
 Wright, Isaiah Martin, Villeroy Balcom. Collector — Charles Wright. Oiier- 
 seers of Poor — Alvah Simons, Nathaniel Warner. Com'rs of Highways — 
 Nathaniel Smith, Stephen P. Kinsley. Constables — Auren G. Smith, Charles 
 Wright. Com'rs of Schools — Daniel Wright, Alvah Simons, John Weaver. 
 J nspectors -of Schools — Hiram Kinsley, Ezra Puffer, Milton Foot. 
 Supervisors from 182 j to i8j^. 
 Ezra Puffer, 1823, '24. Villeroy Balcom, 1825 to '30, '32, '48 — 8 years. 
 Daniel Wright, 1831, '4[. Henry AUyn, 1833. Austin Pierce, 1834 to '36, 
 39, '49. John C. Dibble, 1837. Luther Pierce, 1838. Nathan Gurney, 
 1840, '44. Joseph G. Hopkins, 1842, '43. George Hopkins, 1845 to '47. 
 Timothy G. Walker, 1850, '51. Martin Crowell, 1852, '54, '55, 1858 to '62. 
 '64, '65, '67 — II years. Hiram Cornell, 1853. James Wright, 1856, '57. 
 Horace Burgess, 1863. Medad S. Corey, 1864. Tyler H. Searle, 1868, '6g, 
 '72, '73. Horatio G. Pope, 1870. RoUin L. Shepard, 1871. Julius A. 
 Ferry, 1874. David S. Bennett, 1875. 
 
 The first saw-mill and grist-mill [corn cracker] in Villenova, were built by 
 John Kent in the south-east part of the town. A complete grist-mill was 
 afterwards put in the place of the corn mill. The saw-mill was rebuilt by 
 James Parker. No mill remains there. This place was said to be the "head 
 of navigation " on the Connewango. A saw-mill, the first in Hamlet, was 
 built by Auren G. Smith and his brother Nathaniel. A mill is now there 
 owned by Orton Crowell. Nathaniel Smith afterwards built a grist-mill about 
 80 rods below, subsequently turned into a tannery, owned by Martin L. 
 Stevenson, and destroyed by fire. Stephen Landers commenced a grist-mill 
 about 10 or 12 years ago, at Hamlet; afterwards bought and completed by 
 Crowell & Shepard, present proprietors. Loren Scott built a grist-mill and a 
 
58o HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 saw-mill on the farm now occupied by Wm. J. Straight ; no mill now there. 
 Nfathan Worden built a saw-mill i^ m. east from Hamlet, where, for many 
 years, have been a grist-mill and a saw-mill, now owned by Eri M. Sanderson. 
 
 James L. Brown built the first carding and cloth-dressing establishment at 
 Hamlet, where now is the grist-mill of Crowell & Shepard. A carding 
 machine is now connected with their grist-mill. Carding was also done in 
 the south-east part of the town, on the Connewango. 
 
 An iron foundry was built, about i860, by Hickey & Howard, and owned, 
 successively, by James Howard, by Martin Crowell, and Crowell & Shepard, 
 and Lemuel Hickey, its present proprietor. A planing-mill, propelled by 
 the same power, is owned by Martin Crowell. 
 
 The first store \% supposed to have been kept at Wright's Corners, by Grover 
 & Norris; the next at that place, by Joseph Hopkins. A small store was 
 kejft at V. Balcom's, in a part of his house, about 1830, perhaps earlier. But 
 the date of neither has been ascertained. The first store at' Hamlet was that 
 of Daniel Cross and Asal Goodyear, about 1827. Present merchants — Dry 
 goods, Shepard & Sessions Brothers ; Wilcox and Clark. At Villenova, 
 Maples & York ; grocer, Henry Taft. 
 
 Present harness-maker, Hiram P. Cornell, at Hamlet. Wagon and carriage 
 makers, George Wilson & Son, Hamlet. 
 
 John Kent, John P. Kent, and John Dighton, in the summer of 181 2, 
 cut out the first road, through the heavy forest, from what was then called 
 Kent's mill, in Villenova, through Cherry Creek, to Kennedyville ; for which 
 they received from the Holland Company $10 per mile. This road followed 
 the line of the Connewango Valley, on what was then known as the Indian 
 trail. The present traveled road, running north and south through the town, 
 is on higher land ; but little of the old road being used. A road was also 
 cut out by John Kent from his mill in the south-east part of Villenova, run- 
 ning in a south-easterly course through Cherry Creek to Sinclairville. This 
 has been known as the Old Kent road. The only early settlers in this town, 
 on this road, were Gardner Crandall and Isaac Curtis, who settled on lot 23, 
 In 1816. 
 
 Biographical and Genealogical. 
 
 John C. Allison was born in Newburgh, Orange Co., N. Y., February 
 10, 1806. His mother died when he was but five days old; and he was 
 adopted by his grandparents, with whom he lived until the death of his grand- 
 father, he being then 14 years of age. He worked upon a farm, and attended 
 the district school until about 1 7, after which he was engaged in teaching 
 about 8 years. At the age of 25, he united with the Presbyterian Church, in 
 Marlboro', Ulster Co., and soon after commenced a course of study prepara- 
 tory to the work of the ministry. Having changed his views on the subject 
 of baptism, he joined the Baptist Church, in 1833. He was married to 
 Charlotte Bailey, of Marlboro', May 14, 1833, and on the same day both 
 were baptized, and united with the Baptist Church, in Lattingtown. On the 
 24th of September following, he was ordained to the work of the ministry • 
 
VILLENOVA. 581 
 
 and in October, he moved to Holland, Erie Co., N. Y. After a few months, 
 aided by the Home Missionary. Society, he entered the missionary field, in 
 Canada, ha^>ing removed with his family to St. Catharines, where he remained 
 until the troubles attending the Patriot War so unfavorably affected his efforts 
 for good, that he returned to Erie county, and was employed by the Buffalo 
 Association as a missionary among the destitute churches. In January, 
 1839, he became pastor of the Baptist Church in Evans, and labored there 
 successfully until March, 1842. He thereafter ministered, successively, to 
 the Lagrange, Silver Creek, Hanover Center, and Versailles Baptist Churches. 
 At Versailles, where he settled in 1846, he occupied the parsonage farm 
 eight years. His farm work, together with his pastoral duties, gave little 
 time for rest, and impaired his constitution. While laboring here, his wife 
 died; and on the 25th of May, 1852, he was married to Miss E. Webster. 
 In 1854, he was called to the Church at Nashville. He purchased a small 
 farm, and again alternated farming and preaching, and for a few years sup- 
 plied the churches of Nashville and Cherry Creek, and gave up pastoral 
 labors. In September, 1865, he sold his farm, designing to minister again to 
 the church at Versailles. But the anticipated relation was never consumma- 
 ted. He died June 2, i866, at the house of his son-in-law, Charles Dye, in 
 Villenova. He had, by his tirst marriage, three children : Luther B., who 
 married •Apolina P. .Scott, of ^Vaverly ; was a teacher many years ; removed, 
 in 1 866, to Missouri, where he was a county school commissioner, and is 
 now principal of the high school in Butler, Bates Co., Mo. ; Louisa, wife of 
 Binjamin C. Barlow, of Pomfret ; and Mary Elizabeth, wife of Charles 
 Dye, of Villenova. 
 
 Arnold BLACK-\r.\R, from Green county to Wayne, and thence to Chau- 
 tauqua, settled one mile east from Hamlet, where he died January, 1857. 
 He came with his family in March, 1827. He had 10 children, of whom 
 6 lived to maturity : Henry, Arad' Sally, Levestus, Altheda, and Sherebiah, 
 Henry is married, and is in Iowa ; Arad, dead ; Sally, in town ; Levestus, 
 half a mile east from Hamlet ; has a daughter, Helen, the wife of George 
 Washburn ; Altheda and Sherebiah, both unmarried, reside in town. 
 
 JoHM Dye, from Chenango county, setried early in Villenova, on lot 20, 
 where he resided until his death. Few settlers have contributed more largely 
 to the peopling of the county, than Mr. Dye. He was married twice, and 
 had 14 sons and 4 daughters. The sons, by the first marriage, were John. 
 Avery, Asa, and Harry ; by the second marriage, George, Elias, Daniel, 
 Ledgard, Joseph, Lafayette, Abel, Thomas, A. Jackson, and Elisha. John, 
 Avery, Elias, Harry, and Joseph, are not living. George, Ledgard, Thomas, 
 Jackson, and Elisha, reside in the town ; Abel, in Hanover. George married 
 Philenda, Wright, and has 10 children : Elizabeth, wife of Harry Nobles, re- 
 siding in the town ; Charles, who married Elizabeth Allison ; Polly Ann, 
 wife of Wilder Wright, Forestville ; De Ette, wife of John Hoyt, Buffalo : 
 Letitia, wife of Edward McDole, Indiana ; Adelia, wife of Edward North, 
 Kansas ; Celia, wife of Willard Wheeler, Villenova ; Newell, at home, 
 
582 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 unmarried. Ledgard married Clarinda Fletcher, and lives in town ; his chil- 
 dren are Alvin, Eugene, Orissa, Edwin, Lewis, Jane, Sarah, and Willie. 
 Alvin married Josephine Russell, all live in town. Joseph married Priscilla 
 Nott, both deceased ; had 5 children ; 4 living, in Forestville. Lafayette 
 married Louisa Foster, now in Cherry Creek ; has two children living, Lillis 
 and Nettie. Abel married Malvina Rhodes,- Hanover. His children were 
 Lucius, George, Elisha, Orville, Emory, Charles, Daniel, Cora, Ella, and four 
 deceased. Elias married Emily Newell, Sheridan, and had 8 children, of 
 whom four are married, as follows : Harriet, to Perry Laraphear, Stockton ; 
 
 Martha, to George Aldrich, Sheridan ; Clinton, to Spink ; Ellen, to 
 
 Nathan Aldrich, Sheridan ; the others are Alida, Seymour, Belle, and Fanny. 
 Daniel married Roxa Hewitt, and resides in Michigan. Thomas married 
 Amy Smith, whose children are Hermie and Carleton. A. Jackson married 
 Huldah Wright, whose children were Nancy ; Glen, who died at 1 2 ; Edmund, 
 who died at 8 ; Alice ; Reuben ; and Nelson. Elisha married Ann Eliza 
 Barker, whose children are Ernest and Morris. 
 
 Austin Pierce, a native of Vermont, removed with his father, in 1810, 
 to Pitcher, Chenango Co., N. Y., where he studied medicine with Dr. David 
 McWhorter; attended lectures at Fairfield, N. Y., and was licensed as a 
 physician by the Herkimer Co. Medical Society, in 1829. He located the 
 same year, Feb. 28, in Villenova, where he remained until his death, A 
 brother, younger than himself, read medicine with him ; attended lectures at 
 Fairfield, was licensed by the Herkimer Co. Medical Society, and practiced 
 with his brother Austin in Villenova one year. He located in Mina, in 1836, 
 and died there in March, 1845. William, the oldest son of Dr. Austin Pierce, 
 also read medicine with him ; graduated at the University Med. Col., New 
 York, and located in his profession ia southern Illinois, and was a state sen- 
 ator, and a surgeon in the late war. 
 
 Elisha Searle, a native of Massachusetts, removed in 1832 from Madi- 
 .son Co., N. Y., to Villenova, on lot 22, where he died in 1852, aged 72. 
 His sons were : Nelson, who died in Madison Co. ; Wellington, who married 
 Azuba Nichols, deceased ; he resides on lot 23 ; Nathan, who married Lucy 
 Nichols, and resides in Cattaraugus Co. ; Frederick, who married Lora Hil- 
 liard, and resides in Perrysburgh ; Tyler H., who married Jane Ostrum, and 
 resides on the homestead of his father. Daughters : Alvira, wife of Benj. 
 Vincent ; and Enieline, wife of Chauncey R. Smith, deceased ; both daugh- 
 ters reside in town. 
 
 Washington Shepard came from Arkwright, where he had settled with 
 his father, Joel Shepard. In 1839, he removed to Hamlet. He was married 
 to Abigail Hammond, from Mass. His children were RoUin L., a merchant 
 at Hamlet ; Allen, at Mount Sterling, 111., principal of a school ; aj:id Galu- 
 sha H. He married for a second wife, Mrs. Lucy Parker, daughter of Daniel 
 Whipple. They reside at Hamlet. Mr. Shepard was for many years a Free- 
 will Baptist preacher in this and the surrounding towns. 
 
 Sumner True, from Maine, where he was born, November 17, 1802 
 
VILLENOVA. 583 
 
 removed with his father to Genesee county; and thence, in 1828 or 1829, to 
 Villenova. He was married, in 1831, to Martha Ann Smith, and died there 
 in 1856. They had four children : Xoa ; Idella, who died at the age of 26 ; 
 De Volney, who died at 1 5 ; Lydia Cornelia, who died in infancy. 
 
 Nathaniel Warner, a native of Connecticut, was born July 4, 1767, and 
 was married July 4, 1790, to Lucinda Avery, who was born in Nov., 1771, 
 in Stonington. They removed from Litchfield, Herkimer Co., N. Y., to Vil- 
 lenova with their family, and settled on lot 35, near Hamlet, bought in 1820, 
 where he resided until his death, in 1847. The children of Mr. Warner 
 were: i. i?ifi^fe«, who died in Herkimer Co., at 21. 2. y«rfi2^, who jnarried 
 .Sally Congdon, in Litchfield, and settled on lot 44, where he died Aug. 3, 
 1832. His children were Avery; Diadama, wife of Hoel Cory, in Cherry 
 Creek; James, deceased; John; Nathaniel, in Minnesota. 3. 06adia/i, [sk.]. 
 4. Dema, who married Daniel Steward, who is deceased, and had 6 children : 
 
 Orpha, wife of Benj. White ; Warner ; Sarah, wife of Putnam, in Iowa ; 
 
 Avery; Francis, died at 3 ; Adelia, wife of Frank Pool, in Iowa. Warren 
 and Avery are in Cherry Creek. 5. Nathaniel, Jr., [sk.]. 6. Jeremiah, who 
 was married, first, to Eliza Barmore, and had 2 children ; Dean, now at 
 Forestville, and Newell. He married, second, Mrs. Chloe Patterson, by 
 whom he had three children : Eliza, wife of Horace Brunson, now at Forest- 
 ville ; Rosina, wife of Smith Brunson ; and Francis, in Michigan. 7. Abigail, 
 who married Azor Barnum, and died May 2, 1870. Her children were Mary, 
 who married, first, Frank Dunning, and had 3 children; second, Burnell Blod- 
 gett, by whom she had a daughter. 8. Lucinda, who married John Steward, 
 Dec. 25, 1827, and removed to Michigan. A daughter, Jane, married Jud- 
 son Tanner ; both deceased. 9. Reuben, who married Cevilla Ann Fish, Jan. 
 I, 1834, and had 4 children: Azor, in Jamestown; Ruth, wife of Hiram P. 
 Cornell ; Ellen, wife of Lorenzo L. Racy, at Ellicottville ; and Andrew J. 
 
 Nathaniel Warner, Jr., son of the above, was born April 28, 1801, and 
 married, June 15, 1824, Lura Nun, who was born at Stonington, Conn., Jan. 
 23, 1 80 1. He removed from Herkimer Co. to Villenova in 1822, and settled 
 on lot 43, and died in this town, July 2, 1874. His children were : i. Josiah, 
 unmarried. 2. Augusta, wife of Judson Priest, by whom she had 9 chil- 
 dren ; married, second, Frederick Phillips, and had by him 2 children ; was 
 again married, and lives in Arkwright. 3. Reuben. 4. Rebecca, wife of Wm. 
 Ecker, and lives in Majrville. 5. Judah. 6. Jennett, wife of Alva Ecker. 
 7. Enos, on the farm of his father. All reside in the town, except Augusta 
 and Rebecca. 
 
 Obadiah Warner, son of Nathaniel, Sr., was bom in Litchfield, N. Y., 
 May 19, 1795, and was married Feb. 6, 182 1, to Rebecca Nun, who was 
 born A]jril 13, 1799, at Stonington, Conn. He removed to this town in 
 1822, and still resides at Hamlet. He had 10 children : i. Harriet, wife of 
 Allen L. Brunson. 2. George, who resides in town. 3. Mariett, wife of 
 Lemuel L. Hickey. 4. Charles O., who resides at Cassadaga. 5. Jerome, 
 who was killed at 39, by the fall of a limb from a tree. 6. Lucinda, wife of 
 
584 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 Chester Dunning, in the oil region, Pa. 7. Samuel N. S. Liu-a A., wife, 
 first, of James Howard; second, of Abraham Priest, in Cherry Creels. 9. 
 Polly, who died at 3. 10. Polly A., wife of Jerome B. AValker, of Cherry 
 Creek. 
 
 Daniel Whipple was born in Deerfield, Mass., and came from Litchfield, 
 Herkimer Co., N. Y., and settled in the south-east part of the town, on lot 
 3, in 1810, which he had bought in Oct., 1809. He was the first settler in 
 the town. He had 6 sons : Thomas, a physician, who removed to Illinois, 
 and died there ; Daniel, who lives in Perrysbiirgh ; Alphonzo, in Wisconsin ; 
 Lorenzo, a Methodist minister, who removed to Wisconsin ; Elijah, in Can- 
 ada ; Eiisha, who removed to Toledo, O., where he died. The daughters 
 were Eliza, who died at 32, unmarried; Electa, the first born child in the 
 town, and the wife of James Wright, deceased ; Lucy, the wife, first, of Ur- 
 son Parker ; second, of Washington Shepard, a Free-v/ill Baptist preacher, 
 residing at Hamlet ; Mary, wife of John Titus, Perrysburgh. 
 
 Chukches. 
 
 The Alrihodist Episcopal Church at Hamlet originated in the formation ot 
 a das';, JJecem'.ier 25, 1823, by Elder Daniel Prosser. The cia':s consisted 
 of Polly .Smith, Obadiah Warner and Rebecca, his wife ; Tavlor Judd, Polly 
 Judd, [since the wife of Edmund Wright ;] Lewis Bjirmore, ivlaria, his sister; 
 Diadema Warner, Lura Nun, Polly Baker, Hiram Kingslcy, MiLon Foot and 
 Lois, liis wife, and Brinty Congdon, and perhaps others. .A. class had been 
 previously formed at Wright's Corners, which was merged in the society at 
 
 Hamlet. Among the early circuit preachers were Joh.n Kp-nt, Buel, 
 
 Richard Wright, ■ Ayres. Their meetings were first held in dwellings 
 
 and barns. Tlieir present house of worship was built in 1836. Present 
 minister. Rev. Mr. Clarke. 
 
 WESTFIELD. 
 
 Westfield was formed from Portland and Ripley, March 29, 1829. Its 
 surface is level or slightly rolling along the lake, and hilly in the center and 
 south. The town has a very irregular form. Its west boundary is a range 
 line extending south to the south line of township 3, a distance of about 10 
 miles. The south boundary rims east on this line the breadth of three lots 
 — 2i^ miles. Its eastern boundary runs thence north about the same dis- 
 tance, where it strikes the Chautauqua creek, whence it follows^ the stream 
 running a little east of north until within about 2 miles of Westfield« village ; 
 thence nearly parallel with the lake shore to the south-west corner of Port- 
 land ; thence north on the range line to the lake. The town contains about 
 30,000 acres, or nearly 47 square miles. The principal stream is the Chau- 
 tauqua creek, above mentioned, which flows in a northerly direction through 
 
WESTFIELD. 585 
 
 the village to the lake. The Little Chautauqua, which heads chiefly in the 
 town of Chautauqua, runs westerly for a few miles within the south bounds 
 of Portland and Westfield, and taking a north-westerly direction, flows into 
 the Chautauqua about a mile south of the village. As in other lake towns, 
 the lots are irregularly numbered. The portion comprised in tp. 4, and pur- 
 chased by John McMahan, before its survey into lots, was probably surveyed 
 in conformity to a plan of his own. The lots, except those on and near the 
 lake shore, and along the irregular south-east boundary, are a mile square ; 
 and the numbering commences at the south-west comer of the township. A 
 correct view of the form and survey of the town can only be had by refer- 
 ence to a map. The village of Westfield, on Chautauqua creek, is nearly 
 equi-distant from the eastern and western township lines. 
 
 Purchases from fohn McMalian, of lands in the tract bought by him from the 
 
 HoUand Company. 
 
 1801. Xovember, John Allen, lot 4. 
 
 i8o-^. May, T^imes ?i[cMahan, 13. W. and A. Murray, 25. July, Abni, 
 Frederick, 7. U'. an'i A. Fisher, 19. Martin and Nathaniel Dickey, 26. 
 NoveiiJL';r. James i^r.iiinan, 3. David Klnkaid, 14. 
 
 1803. January, .\rthur Bell, 3. June, Christopher Dull, 27, 30. John 
 Henry, i:;. jLtc^mia!) George, 3. James Morehead, 30. July, James 
 Montgoiricrv, 6. ScptemLer, Andrew Straub, 26 or 17. 
 
 1S04. luiy, J.icob George, 6, 13. September, Laughlin McNeil, 6. 
 John Lvon. 30. 
 
 1805. Jar.e. John Degeer, 18. November, Alexander Montgomery, 2. 
 George ".'hiEehill, 18. 
 
 1806. June, Hezekiah Barker, 12. 
 
 1S07. J.-.niiary, David Eason, iS. Low Miniger and John Dull, 18. 
 
 The following named persons bought of McMahnn by deed : 
 1S06. Fc!>rii:,ry, .Samuel Frederick, 7. Low Miniger, 26. 
 1809, .September, Nathan S. Roberts, 17. 
 The ni.miber of acres in these several purchases, was 6,185. 
 Orifir.al Purchases in Township j, Range 14. 
 18 1 7. .Vpril. Hirmon Culver, 40. Benjamin Amsden, 40. 
 
 1821. October, Timothy Parker, 57, 58. 
 
 1822. April, Joel Loomis, 48. October, Henry A. Haight, 63. 
 
 1823. June. Xorraan Rexford, 46. Silas and Ale.xander Poor, 63. Eben- 
 ezer ]'. t-oor. 62. Jtily, William Tickner, 50. Samuel Adams, 61. Jacob 
 Orcutt, 57. Scptembtr, Hazelton Winslow, 47. 
 
 1824. Iilarch. Lory Harrington, 53. Cyrus Bickford, 46. April, Ezra 
 BickforJ, 59. June, Larkin Harrington, 38. August, Moses Lancaster, 55. 
 October, David Slanton, 59. Udney H. Jacobs, 52. November, Cyrus Dun- 
 bar, 55, 5C. 
 
 1825. February, Henry Mulliner, 41. March, Asahel Root, 52. April. 
 Udney S. Jacobs, 44. May, Stephen Hoxie, 37. June, Allen Parker, 57. 
 August, .-Mien ^V. Ingraham, 37. September, Hubert idcLeod, 59. Oct., 
 Moses Pofer, 51. November, Russell Rogers, 52. Elijah Porter, 44. 
 December, Joseph Lyon, 42. 
 
 1826. January, Wm. P. Adams, 60. April, John Parks, 49. William 
 
586 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 Pickard, 49. May, Isaac Coon, 54. Walter Strong, 50. June, Isaac Porter, 
 55. July, David Y. Stanton, 51. Sept., Chas. Granger, 42. Zalmon Ames, 64. 
 1827. April, Frederick Fox, 64. May, Selah Lanfear, 40. 
 
 Original Purchases in Township 4, Range 14. 
 
 1810. April, James McMahan, 12.. September, Robert Sweet, 25. 
 Isaac Sweet, 25. John Allen, 4. Laughlin McNeil, 6. John Lyon, 30. 
 James McClurg, 13. Frederic Rogers, 18. James Montgomery, 6. Arthur 
 Bell, 3. John Moorhead, 30. Thomas Gray, 12. Jacob George, 6, 13. 
 Nicholas George, 3. Sarah Perry, 13, 18. James McMahan, 15. George 
 Whitehill, 18. David Eason, 18. William Lowry, 13. December, Hugh 
 Whitehill, 19. 
 
 181 1. February, David Eason, 18. May, John Eason, 25. Andrew 
 Kelsey, 30. John Smith, 31. Thos. McClintock, 17. Dec, John Fay, 31. 
 
 1814. August, Jonathan Nichols, 2. 
 
 1815. May, Harmon Culver, 2. Joel Loomis, 4. Robert Cochran, 2d, 
 4. June, Luther Thayer. Oct., Rebecca McNeil, 6. Stephen Rumsey, 4. 
 November, David Knight, 25. Absalom Peacock, 8. 
 
 i8i6. July, Ebenezer Harris, 29. 
 
 1817. March, Jonathan Cass, 32. Gilbert Dean, i. Calvin E. Ma- 
 comber, 32. James McMahan, 6, 20. June, Moses Hurlbut, 20. Dec, 
 Hugh Whitehill, 19. 
 
 18 1 8. January, Dyer Carver, 20. F*b., Jesse Holley, 5. July, Charles 
 Saxton, 5. October, Daniel S. Bouton, 33. 
 
 1819. February, John House, 29. 
 182 1. October, Nathan G. Jones, 29. 
 
 [822. July, Dolphus Babcock, 37. Ebenezer Harris, 29. August, John 
 Shipboy, 3. James McMahan, 6. Robert Cochran, 4. 
 
 1823. January, Lyman Harrington, 16. March, William T. Howell, 15. 
 Wilham Sexton, 15. May, John Winchell, 29. Matthew McClintock, 10. 
 Charles C. Tupper, 16. 
 
 1824. July, John Chamberlain, 29. October, Thomas B. Campbell, 18. 
 1826. October, Isaac Sweet, 25. June, Henry Abell, 18. 
 
 The names of the first settlers in this town have been given in the sketch 
 of the early settlement of the county, [pp. 70-75,] and in the list of original 
 purchases, [p. 585.] Nearly all the following settled at a much later period, 
 in the portion of tp. 3 lying west of Chautauqua creek. 
 
 David L. Cochran, a native of Pennsylvania, came from Cayuga Co. to 
 Westfield, in 1816, with his father. In 1817, at the age of 21 years, he built 
 a saw-mill about half a mile below the bridge. He had previously gone 
 through a course of study for navigator. He was also a surveyor. He still 
 resides near where he first settled. He had a son, David A., who died Jan., 
 1873 ; and a daughter, Ellen A., wife of Wm. Law, Jr. 
 
 David Knight, a native of New Hampshire, came from Herkinaer Co. to 
 Westfield, and, after two years, settled on lot 25, tp. 4, bought in 1815, about 
 2 miles easterly from the village, where he resided until his death, in 1868. 
 He had 5 children, of whom two died in infancy. The others were David 
 W., who died in Chautauqua, in 1862 ; Thomas M., who was a printer and 
 joint publisher of the Western Farmer, a merchant, and is at present an 
 
WESTFIELD. 58/ 
 
 insurance agent; and Elbridge, a Congregational preacher, in Maple Grove, 
 Maine. Thomas M. had 5 children, of whom three attained mature age ; 
 Emily, wife of Melancthon L. Chester, New Haven, Conn. ; Sextus H., who 
 served in the late war, returned sick, and died at home ; and Ross, a partner 
 of his father, in business. 
 
 Benajah Rexford, a native of Conn., removed about 1823, from Vermont 
 to Ripley, lot 63, tp. 3, r. 14, in the west part of the town, where he resided 
 until his death in 1862. He had by his first wife, Zeruiah Squier, 6 children : 
 Norman, Stephen, Isabel, Heber, Elsie, and one deceased. By his second 
 wife, Roxana Ayer, also, he had 6 : Wilder, Betsey, OHve, Louisa, Sophrona, 
 and Thomas. Four, Heber, Norman, Stephen and Elsie, reside in Cook 
 Co., 111. Heber held for one term the office of county treasurer, and was in 
 office at the time of the great fire in Chicago. Wilder resides in the neigh- 
 borhood. 
 
 Allen Parker, from Broome county, settled on lot 57, tp. 3, r. 14, where 
 lie bought in 1825, though he may have settled on it earlier. He was a 
 farmer, and, for many years, he was an extensive dealer in cattle. He had 
 but one child, a daughter, the wife of Ethan Titus ; they reside on the home- 
 stead. Timothy Parker purchased on lots 57 and 58, and settled perma- 
 nently on 58, where he died a few years ago. He had 4 sons : John ; 
 Charles, deceased ; Levi ; and Hiram ; and a daughter, Caroline. Levi and 
 Caroline are both unmarried, and live on the farm of their father ; John and 
 Hiram, in Sherman. Timothy also was a dealer in cattle, in which both 
 brothers were successful. 
 
 Luther Harmon settled, first, in Pomfret, in 1817, on lot 53, on what was 
 afterwards known as Harmon Hill, whence he removed, about 1835, to 
 Westfield, on the hill, where his son Luther D. had previously settled. Both 
 are deceased. Luther D. had 5 children : Luther, who married Sophrona 
 Rexford, and has a son ; and resides in Pomfret ; Eliza, who resides with her 
 mother ; Martin, who married Mariam Fellows, and lives on the homestead ; 
 Drusilla, wife of Piatt S. Osborne, at Oil City, Pa. ; Caroline, wife of J. 
 Martin Fay, now residing at Fulton, 111. 
 
 Wm. Benson, a native of Steuben, settled on lot 40, tp. 3, and is deceased. 
 He had four sons, of whom two reside in town. One of them, Silas, resides 
 on the homestead. A daughter married a Mr. Cook, and is deceased. Mr. 
 Benson served in the war of 181 2. 
 
 Calvin Rice, from St. Lawrence Co., about 1832, to Chautauqua Co., and 
 in 1837, to Westfield Hill, settled on lot 55, tp. 3, on which he resided until 
 his death. Of his children, James, Marshall, and Martha are on the farm. 
 Martin C. resides in the village. He is a lawyer. In April, 1855, he estab- 
 lished the Westfield Republican, which was the first republican paper in the 
 state, and perhaps' in the Union. It commenced about the time of the 
 national convention at Pittsburgh, in that year, at which meeting measures 
 were taken which resulted in the organization of the party. 
 
 In the south part of the town, [tp. 3, r. 14,] Walter Strong settled, about 
 
588 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 1826, on lot 50, bought in 1824. His wife was a sister of Tichenor and 
 Franklin Sheldon, who settled in the same neighborhood. Their daughters 
 were Fanny, wife of Lorenzo Morris, lawyer, Fredonia ; Louisa, wife of 
 Thomas Morris, who resides on the old farm of his father, in Chautauqua : 
 Helen, wife of Alfred Leet, Rochester, Minn. ; Julia, wife of Marcus L. 
 Plato, of Westfield ; Laura, wife of Delavan Adams, of Sherman ; Harriet, 
 wife of Bloomfield Underbill, Ohio. 
 
 Tichenor Sheldon, from Pawlet, Vt., bought of his brother-in-law, Walter 
 Strong, a part of lot 50, where he setded in 1826, and now resides in Sher- 
 man village. Milton B., a son, owns the farm. Other sons are Herbert, 
 in Ottav,-a, Kansas, where he has been clerk and recorder of the county, and 
 is at present mayor of Ottawa ; Royal, merchant in Sinclairville ; and Edwin, 
 in Ottawa, Kansas. A daughter, Fanny, unmarried, died in 1871, while on 
 a visit to Kansas. 
 
 Franklin Sheldon, brother of Tichenor, came about 1S40, and settled on 
 lot 42. He had 3 sons : Albert and Charles, in the village of Sherman 
 
 and Seth, with his father on the farm. Addie, a daughter, wife of 
 
 Marsliall, of Clymer, died several years ago, at his father's house. 
 
 George W. Putnam came from Pawlet, Vt., to Chautauqua, anrl subse- 
 quently settled on the west side of the creek, on lot 44. He st'li o.vns the 
 farm. He has b;en commissioner of schools for the first assembly district ; 
 and he has been, for several years past, and is now, postal agent on the Lake 
 Shore railroad. 
 
 The tirsc town-meeting in Westfield after its formation, was hekl on the 7tli 
 of A]5ril, 1829, at the Westfield House, then, and for many years afterward, 
 kept by Asa F;;rnsworth. The names of the persons elected are the follow- 
 ing : 
 
 Supervisor — Amos Atwater. Town Clrrk — Daniel Rockwell. Assessors 
 — Hiram Couch, Robert Cochran, 2d, Jonathan Cass. Collector — Lvman 
 Redington. Overseers of Poor — Low Miniger, Wm. Bell. Coiiirs of High- 
 ways — James Montgomery, Wm. Sexton. Seth G. Root. Coni'rs of Common 
 Schools — U'm. Bell, Warren Couch, Robert Dickson. Inspectors of Schools 
 — Abram Dixon, Austin Stone, Russell Mallory. Constables — Lyman Red- 
 ington, Robert P. Stetson. Fence Viewers — Isaac Mallory, Low Miniger, 
 Gervis Foot. Pound-master — James McClurg. 
 
 Supervisors from 18 2g to 187^. 
 
 Amos Atwater, 1829, 1831 to '33. John McWhorter, 1830. Robert 
 Cochran, [834, '35. George Hall, 1836, '37, '51. Wm. Sexton, 1838. 
 Elijah Waters, 1839 to '41. Thomas B. Campbell, 1842, '44. James Pratt, 
 1843. John G. Hinckley, 1845 to '47, '55. Alvin Plumb, 1848, '52. Austin 
 Smith, 1849, '50. Joshua R. Babcock, 1853, '54. Wm. Vorce, 1856, '57. 
 George W. Patterson, 1858 to '60, '67. Sextus H. Hung'erford, 1861 to '66. 
 Francis P. Brewer, 1868, '69, 1872 to '74, '75. Henry C. Kingsbury, 1870, 
 1871. 
 
 The first store in Westfield is said, by some, to have been kept on the west 
 
WESTFIELD. 589 
 
 side of the creek, near Col. James McMahan's. Others think there was 
 none earlier than James McClurg's, in the village, about 18 10 or 181 1. 
 Among the earlier merchants was Jonathan Cass. Joshua R. Babcock com- 
 menced trade there in or about 18 19; and, it is believed, Alvin Williams, a 
 year or two later. 
 
 The Jirsf tavern in the village is said to have been kept by Jonathan Cass, 
 in a log house, on the corner where the Spencer block now stands. The first 
 inn in the town was that of Edward McHenry, at the Cross Roads, which 
 was opened in 1802 or 1803. 
 
 The first physician resident in Westfield is believed to have been Lawton 
 Richmond ; the year of his settlement not remembered. The following are 
 the names of some who succeeded him, though their names are perhaps not 
 given in the order of their settlement : Fenn Ueming, Marcius Simonds, Silas 
 Spencer, [181 7,] Carleton Jones, Daniel Lee, wiih Dr. Spencer, Frederick 
 Bradley, Dr. Kimball, Daniel Henn, who died here ; Wm. Severyn Stockton, 
 about 1840, who died here; Oscar F. Jones, John Spencer, Dr. Kenyon, 
 Thomas D. Strong, George A. Hall, John M. Bro\vn. Present ph)sicians — 
 John Spencer, T. D. Strong, John M. Brown, Charles P. Graves, and Geo. 
 VV. Seymour ; the last two, homoeopathists. B ifore there was a resident 
 physician here, the inhabitants were served by Dr. Squire White, of Fredonia ; 
 Drs. Jediah and Wm. Prendergast and John E. Marshall, of Mayville. 
 
 The first grist-mill within the present town of \^'estfield, which was also the 
 first in the county, was built by John McMahan, in 1804 or 1S05, near the 
 mouth of Chautauqua creek. The building is said to have been made of 
 hewed logs, and the stones were taken, it is said, from the bank of the creek, 
 or from the ground in some part of the town. A saw-rdill also was after- 
 wards ijuilt near the grist-mill. During the war of 1812, apprehending its 
 destruction by the enemy, he discontinued the rar.ning of the mill, and sold 
 the stones to be used in a mill where the A\"estfield Mill now stands. The 
 Wesijichi Mill, or rather its predecessor, of small dimensions, on nearly the 
 same .ground, was built about the year iSii, by Xathan Cass; and also a 
 saw-mill. The property was sold to Eber Stone and Amos Aiwater, the 
 grist-mill not yet completed. Stone did not himself remove to this place 
 until about 3 years afterward, Atwater having, during this time, charge of 
 the mills. About the year 1831, they sold the property to James McClurg, 
 Thomas B. Campbell, and George Hall, who erected the present mill build- 
 ing. It passed from them to David Eason, who sold back a third of his 
 interest to George Hall. On the decease of Eason, his interest passed to 
 his son and daughter. The former sold his interest to James Harris ; and 
 after the decease of Hall, his third came into the hands of a son. Since 
 then, the property has been in possession of the present proprietors, James 
 Harris, Eri Hall, and Mrs. McClurg, of Pittsburgh, daughter of David Eason. 
 
 Thomas B. Campbell built & grist-mill vix 1818 and 18 19, about half a mile 
 above the present iron bridge, and the next year a saw-mill. He continued 
 them in operation many years. The first flour shipped from this county to 
 
590 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 New York by way of the Erie canal, is said to have been made at this mill. 
 He sold his mills to John R. Walker, of Fredonia, who, several years after, 
 sold them to George W. Norton, of Fredonia, by whom they were sold to 
 John Boomer, and by him to Reuben Wright, Jr., who converted the grist- 
 mill into a paper-mill, which is, by him, still kept in successful operation. 
 Timothy Pope early owned a saw-mill on Little Chautauqua creek, where, 
 afterwards. Couch and Stone had a carding and cloth-dressing establishment, 
 which, about the year 1850, was changed to a grist-mill by Wm. H. Walker 
 and Emmet and Allen Mallory, and is now owned by Charles Rinehard, and 
 is known as the " Glen Mill." Amos Atwater, while yet interested in the 
 Westfield grist-mill, it is said, built a saw-mill near where Rorig's brewery 
 now stands, as early, probably, as 1820. • 
 
 A carding-machine, probabFy the first in the town, was put into the West- 
 field grist-mill, about the year 1816 or '18, and run for several years. A 
 carding machine was early built by Hiram Couch near Pope's sa:w-mill on 
 Little Chautauqua creek, just above its junction with the ChautauqusT, and 
 run by him for a short time, and then by him and Lester Stone in partner- 
 ship. Their cloth-dressing establishment, which had been near the Westfield 
 flouring-mill, was removed to their carding machine. About the year 1821 
 or '22, Reuben Wright built a carding and cloth-dressing establishment near 
 Atwater's saw-mill and the site of Rorig's brewery on the west side of the 
 creek. Elizur Talcott, as early as 1812 or 14, commenced dressing cloth at 
 or near the site of the Westfield Mill. 
 
 The woolen factory of Hiram Couch and Lester Stone, about ^ of a mile 
 south of the bridge, was built by them in 1848. A part of the building had 
 been erected by Reuben Wright for a grist-mill, and left standing for many 
 years, unfinished and unused. This factory has continued in successful oper- 
 ation till the present time. Mr. Couch, the senior proprietor, died in 1873. 
 It is now owned and occupied by Lester Stone and son. 
 
 An oil-mill wasbuilt about the year 1820 near Rorig's grist-mill, by Simeon 
 J. Porter, who kept it in operation many years. The building is now used as 
 a pla?iing-mill, and for other purposes. An oil-mill was also built by Joseph 
 Farnsworth, near the present lock factory, which was run for several years. 
 
 The first tannery in Westfield was established by James Parker, south ot 
 where York's foundry now is. It was not intended for a large business. It 
 passed into the hands of William Brittan,and was continued but for a short 
 period. Aaron Rumsey came to Westfield in 1825, and built a large tannery 
 below the bridge, east side of the creek, which did an extensive business 
 for many years. He also established a store in the village for the sale of 
 leather and boots and shoes. In or about the year 1835, he sold his tan- 
 nery to his brother Stephen, during whose proprietorship it was destroyed by 
 fire, but was soon rebuilt, and was continued many years. Hiram Tiffany 
 estabUshed a tannery in 1840 or '41, which he conducted until 1864. He 
 then sold to Theodore Gardner and Andrew Wannenwiths, from whom it 
 passed to the Townsend Manufacturing Company. Gardner & Wannenwiths 
 
WESTFIELD. 59 1 
 
 are again proprietors of the tannery, but are not allowed to use it to the 
 ]irejudice of that company. ' 
 
 K foundry and machine shop was stafted about the year 1853, by Cross- 
 grove, Kimball & Wells, on the east side of the creek, near the bridge, on 
 the site of a similar establishment previously destroyed by fire. They con- 
 tinued business until 1858. In 1852, Buck & Patchin built a shop for the 
 manufacture oi agricultural implements. In 1854, the Chautauqua Company, 
 a joint stock company, was formed. Its first trustees were Edwin Buck, 
 Abel Patchin, John Eason, Lorenzo Parsons, and perhaps others; Mr. Patchin 
 superintendent. They manufactured horse-rakes, plows, and cultivators, 
 until 1855, when they began to make mowers and reapers, and continued 
 their manufacture until r86o. Their capital having been materially impaired 
 by the crisis of 1857, they discontinued business in 1861. In 1861, George 
 F. York, having purchased the buildings and machinery of both manufacto- 
 ries, united the buildings on the site of his present establishment, and com- 
 menced the manufacture of the Buckeye moiving machine, which he has con- 
 tinued to the present time, with increasing sales, together with a general 
 foundry and machine shop jobbing business. The establishment gives em- 
 ployment to about 20 or 25 men. The Chautauqua Company is thought to 
 have been the first manufacturers of the combined mowing and reaping ma- 
 chine in the state. 
 
 The Townsend Manufacturing Company was organized in r864. The Com- 
 pany was composed of John E. Townsend, Sixtus H. Hungerford, A. L. 
 Wells, Jared R. Babcock, Wm. Johnston, Wm. Smith, Allen Wright, Watson 
 S. Hinkley, Lanson P. Stevens, Francis B. Brewer, John H. Clinton, Edward 
 1'. Whitney, William Vorce, Corydon Karr. In 1S71, Francis B. Brewer 
 became sole proprietor, and continued such until September, 1873. The 
 present proprietors of the concern are Eugene M. Mix and James E. Mix. 
 This establishment has for several years turned out an average value of pro- 
 ducts to the amount of about $100,000. The quality of the work here made 
 may be judged from the fact, that specimens were sent for exhibition to the 
 great fair at Vienna, Austria, for which medals were awarded. F"or several 
 years before this Company was formed, Mr. Townsend had in operation a 
 manufactory of a different kind of wares on the same site. 
 
 The Shackleton Steam Heating Company was organized in September, 1874. 
 George P. York, Pres.; E. A. Skinner, Treas.; Rollin D. Rockwell, Sec. 
 They manufacture Shackleton's Patent Boilers and Radiators. They have 
 put their heaters in the Presbyterian Church in Westfield, the Normal School 
 building in Fredonia, and a number of dwellings. They are establishing 
 agencies in various parts of the country ; and a large and increasing busi- 
 ness is anticipated. 
 
 The ]VcstJicld Manufacturing Company \va.s established in 187 1, by Jared 
 R. Babcock and Rollin D. Rockwell. The factory and machinery were 
 rented in 1873 to J. H. Yerkes and Henry J. Minton, who are now carrying 
 on the manufacture' of handles, tables, and wood work generally. 
 
592 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 In 1825, and within a few years after, Westfield received a considerable 
 accession to the number of» its business men, from Warsaw, then Genesee 
 county. They were Oliver Lee and John McWhorter, (Lee & IMcWhorter,) 
 merchants ; Aaron Ramsey, tanner and currier ; Daniel Rockwell, hatter ; 
 Augustin U. Baldwiff,' merchant ; Lamed Gale, keeper of tlie Westfield 
 House; and perhaps others. These gentlemen, at an early period of their 
 residence here, came to be designated the "Warsaw Club," from some cause 
 not generally known. A contemporary of these men says it came from the 
 fact, that, in political action, they went in a body against anti-misonry, with 
 their votes and their influence. After these, came James D. Carlisle, Calvin 
 Rumsey, and Lorenzo F. Phelps; but it is believed they were not considered 
 members of the club. Of the former, only Mr. Rockwell is living; of the 
 latter, Mr. Carlisle and Mr. Phelps, who are still residents of the village, and 
 in active business. It may be proper also to mention Mrs. Hough, the 
 mother of- John McWhorter, and of Mrs. Calvin Kumsey, tlic mother of 
 Mrs. Joseph H. Plumb. This venerable matron lady, who but a few years 
 since died here, had the honor, in her day, from her eiglit daughters, of 
 conferring upon six of the citizens of this place, the boon of worthy, amiable 
 wives: Mrs. Calvin Rumsey, Mrs. Augustin U. Baldwin, Mrs. Dinicl Rock- 
 well, Mrs. Edwin Buck, Mrs. Wm. R. Morse, and Mrs. Zera Colburn. The 
 last two mentioned, and Mrs. Rumsey, are y£t living. 
 
 Barcelona. 
 
 The site of this village, like the sites of Cattaraugus village, (now Irving,) 
 and Ma)ville, was originally surveyed into village lots b)- the Holland Com- 
 pany's surveyors. The lots were designated by numbers distinct ri^;ni those 
 of the township lots. It was for many years called Portland, after the name 
 of the town, it being in the town of Portland. There being a harbor there 
 for the entrance of vessels, it was known as Portland Harbor. After the 
 formation of the town of Westfield, it was called Barcelona. It was made, 
 by the general government, a port of entry ; a lighthouse was erected ; and ' 
 for a number of years it was a place of considerable trade. x\ steamboat, 
 the Wra. Peacock, was built by a company, composed chiefly of citizens of 
 Westfield, in 1831, for the transportation of freight and passengers between 
 Buffalo and Erie. A company, called the Barcelona Company, was formed 
 by the following named persons : Smith & Macy, of Butfalo ; Charles M. 
 Reed, of Erie; Nathaniel A. Lowry, Elial T. Foote, and Samuel Barrett, ot 
 Jamestown ; Augustin \). Baldwin, Calvin Rumsey, and Thomas B. Camp- 
 bell, of Westfield, and perhaps others. The village plot, laid out by the 
 Holland Company, was greatly enlarged by the new company, in tlie expect- 
 ation of building up a large commercial village. In this they would proba- 
 bly have succeeded, but for the construction of railroads along the lake shore. 
 A lighthouse was built there about the year 1828, by Judge Campbell, for 
 the general government. No commercial business is now transacted there. 
 
 Natural gas was discovered J^ of a mile below Barcelona, and the light- 
 
WESTFIELD. * 593 
 
 house was illuminated with it. The gas is now conveyed to the village of 
 Westfield, which is supplied in part with it ; and the deficiency is made up 
 by a manufactory in the village. 
 
 Biographical and Genealogical. 
 
 Amos Atwater was born near New Haven, Conn., in 1787. He was a 
 son of Joshua Atwater and Betsey, his wife, whose maiden name was Good- 
 year. He removed with his father, in 1797, to Homer, N. Y. ; and thence 
 he removed, in 18 13, to Westfield, [then Portland,] and settled on the west 
 side of Chautauqua creek, a short distance above the present bridge. He 
 was for several years, with his brother-in-law, Eber Stone, proprietor of a 
 grist-mill on or near the site of the present " Westfield Mill." He also car- 
 ried on the wool-carding and cloth-dressing business. He was a soldier in 
 the war of 1812, on the Niagara frontier, and was in the battle of Queenston. 
 He was the first supervisor of Ripley, after its formation, [r8i6,] and was 
 appointed a justice of the peace in 1818. In 1836, he removed with his 
 family to Beardstown, Illinois, and died there about the year 1850. 
 
 Arthur Bell was born in Paxton, Dauphin Co., Pa., Jan. 12, 1753, and 
 was married to Eleanor Montgomery, and removed to the McMahan tract, 
 3 miles west of Chautauqua creek, now Westfield, in 1802. He was elected 
 supervisor of Chautauqua, and served with the Niagara county board in 1808, 
 before Chautauqua county was fully organized. He had served in the army 
 of the Revolution three years. He was one of the founders of the Presby- 
 terian Church at the Cross Roads, and was a member of it until his death. 
 He was highly esteemed as a citizen. He died August 6, 1834. 
 
 William Bell, son of Arthur Bell, was bom Oct. 14, 1791, and came 
 with his father to Westfield in 1802. He married, July 16, 1819, Nancy 
 Shipboy, who was born May 23, 1799, by whom he had 12 children : Elean- 
 or, who died at 26, unmarried ; Mary, wife of James Johnston, Westfield ; 
 John, who resides at Harbor Creek, Pa. ; Clarissa, wife of Gilbert T. Ellicott, 
 Erie, Pa. ; Joseph, who married Eunice St. John, resides in Fredonia ; Wil- 
 liam, who married Caroline Mann, was for many years a merchant in Erie, 
 Pa., where he now resides ; Nancy, at Erie, unmarried ; Arthur, drowned at 
 7, in his father's mill pond ; Alexander, who married Rachel Wallace, and 
 resides at Harbor Creek ; Arthur, the second of that name, who married 
 Mary Rogers, both deceased ; Sarah, at Westfield, unmarried ; Eugenia, died 
 in infancy. Col. Wm. Bell was one of the earliest settlers, and lived con- 
 tinuously at or near the place where his father settled, until a short time be- 
 fore his death. His chief business was farming. For many years he was 
 the proprietor of a custom grist-mill ; and for several years he was also en- 
 gaged, in the same place, in mercantile business. He was an esteemed and 
 useful citizen ; an early and exemplary member of the Presbyterian Church 
 of Ripley; and, for many years, one of its ruling elders. His wife died 
 Jan. 31, 1842. A few years before his death, he lived with his son-in-law, 
 James Johnston, of Westfield, where he died August 23, 1872. 
 38 
 
594 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 Col. Nathaniel Bird was born in Salisbury, Conn., May 17, 1763. At 
 the age of 16, he enlisted in the array of the Revolution for 3 months, then 
 during the war. For the last service he never received compensation. His 
 claims were presented to Congress, but owing to some technical defect, they 
 were not allowed. After his discharge, he begged his way home, barefoot, 
 and almost naked. His school education was extremely limited ; but by 
 reaching and close observation he acquired much useful knowledge. He was 
 married in New Marlborough, Mass., where he resided until 181 5. He had, 
 during this time, been successful in trade ; but after the embargo under Jef- 
 ferson was laid, many of his debtors failed, and he lost a large portion of his 
 acquisitions. He traded largely in boots and shoes, cloth, iron, etc., articles 
 which were wanted in a new country, and of which he often brought several 
 loads at a time to this county. He took up lands near Jamestown, upon 
 which his eldest son, Capt Amos Bird, settled. The war with England com- 
 mencing, he left the remainder of his family in New England until hostilities 
 ceased. In 181 5, he purchased the farm now owned by Thomas Prender- 
 gast, ii^ m. below Westfield, on the Fredonia road. In the early settle- 
 ment of the county, he was a leading man in every benevolent enterprise. 
 His house was free for every emigrant who chose to call. Of his connec- 
 tion with the miils and stages, an account is elsewhere given in this work. 
 He was an exemplary member of the Presbyterian Church in Westfield, and 
 died while on a visit to the family of his son-in-law, Joseph Foster, of Ham- 
 burgh, Jan. 12, 1847, aged nearly 80 years. 
 
 Elam C. Blis's came from. Onondaga county to Westfield in i8ig, at the 
 age of 17, having "bought his time" of his father for $rso, which he paid 
 at his majority. He worked for many years at various kinds of labor, anil 
 bought a small farm on the hill, at the age of about 22, and afterwards set- 
 tled on the farm, near the village, which he still owns, and which he has con- 
 ducted with great success. In 1848, he took the premium for the second 
 best farm in the state, presented at the fair at Buffalo. He also took, at 
 several times, first premiums for different kinds of cattle and swine at state 
 and county fairs. He has still the management of his farm, though he resides 
 in the village. He married, first, Mary Harmon, who also took many pre- 
 miums on many articles of domestic manufacture at state and 'county fairs. 
 He had 3 children : Persis M., wife of Argyle Rumsey. They removed to 
 Texas, where he died. She resides on her father's farm. Harmon J., the 
 eldest son, who married Elizabeth Plumb, was captain in the late war, and died 
 near Washington from wounds received in battle. Warren, who also was in 
 the war, died of sickness contracted in the army. Sprague Harrison, a 
 nephew and adopted son, was wounded in the same war, and receives a pen- 
 sion. He resides in Michigao. 
 
 Francis P. Brewer, son of Ebenez^'Brewer, was bom at Keene, N. H., 
 October 8, 1820. During his childhood he lived in Bamet, Vt. His studies 
 preparatory to his college course were pursued at Newbury Seminary, Vt., 
 and at Meriden Academy, N. H. ; and was graduated at Dartmouth College, 
 

 y "?t<'^'~e.^-7' 
 
"S:cv:aA fb. tfuunJifjdC 
 
WESTFIELD. 595 
 
 at Hanover, N. H. After attending a course of lectures in Hanover, he 
 completed his studies with Dr. Gerhard, of Philadelphia; and, in 1846, he 
 received from Dartmouth Medical College the degree of M. D. He 
 then commenced the practice of his profession in Bamet, Vt. In 1849, 
 he removed to Plymouth, Mass., where he continued in practice until 3851, 
 when he removed to Titusville, Pa., where he engaged in lumbering and mer- 
 cantile business. In 1852, he conceived the idea of producing and utilizing 
 petroleum, and a year afterwards, he, with others, organized the first Oil 
 Company whose efforts in that direction were followed by pr^table results. 
 Since 1861, he has resided at Westfield, where, for ten years, he was president 
 of the First National Bank. He was one of the original stockholders of the 
 Lock Manufacturing Company, at Westfield, and, in 1870, became sole pro- 
 prietor, and made the distributing point and sales-room at Chicago. In the 
 time of the late war, he was appointed a special New York state agent to 
 hospitals, with the rank of major. He has several times been elected super- 
 visor; and in 1872 and 1873, he represented the first assembly district in the 
 legislature. In 1874, he was appointed a government director of the Union 
 Pacific railroad, which position he still occupies. He was married, July 20, 
 1848, to Susan H., daughter of Rev. Prof Heman Rood, of Haverhill, 
 N. H. They have four children : Ebenezer, one of the proprietors of the 
 Erie Dispatch; Francis B. ; Frances Moody, who was married, June 29, 
 1875, to W. C. Fitch, of Buffalo; and George E. 
 
 Thomas B. Campbell was born. May 19, 1788, in Alexander, Grafton Co., 
 N. H. He removed with his father's family to Cherry Valley, N. Y., in 1800, 
 and in 1802 or 1803, to Scipio, where his father died in 1810. In 1815, 
 Thomas moved to Batavia, and bought mills a few miles west of the village. 
 In 1817, he came to Westfield [then Portland] and built a saw-mill and a 
 grist-mill where now the paper-mill is, and where he continued the milling 
 and flouring business until about 1864. He also bought farm lands, of which 
 he sold, in i860, 60 acres, for fair grounds, in the south part of the village. 
 He held the office of justice of the peace, in Batavia, and afterwards in West- 
 field. In 1819, he was appointed clerk of the County of Chautauqua; in 
 1826, associate judge; and, in 1845, first judge, which office he held until 
 after the election of judges under the constitution of 1846. He was a 
 member of assembly in 1822, and again in 1836. In 1819, he was elected 
 supervisor, [then of Portland,] which office he held, by reelections, for eight 
 years. He was also one of the commissioners for building the present court- 
 house. He married in Scipio, in 18 14, Phidelia, daughter of Gamaliel Terry. 
 His children were Maria Louisa, who died at 27, unmarried; Robert Emmet, 
 now a practicing lawyer in New York, unmarried ;(?) Thomas B., who died 
 at 1 9 ; Mary, who died at 1 1 ; Harriet, wife of David H. Taylor, whose 
 children are Mary, Fanny, Anna, and Thomas B. Mrs. Campbell died Nov. 
 18, 1850. Judge Campbell, in his 88th year, is still living at his old home in 
 Westfield. . - 
 
 James D. Carlisle, from Warsaw, came to Westfield, in 1832, and estab- 
 
S96 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 lished the tailoring business, which has come to be designated as that of 
 merchant tailor. He was married, in Warsaw, to Amelia Dryer, and had 4 
 children : Lucy, who married Dewitt C. Harrington, merchant, Westfield ; 
 James B., who died in infancy; Henrietta, wife of W. D. Hall, co-proprietor 
 of the Minneapolis Tribune, Minn.; and Mary E. 
 
 Jonathan Cass, son of Nathan Cass, from New Hampshire, came to 
 Westfield in 181 1. He kept the first tavern in the village in a log house, on 
 the corner where the Spencer block now stands. Several years after, he sold 
 his stand, and commenced the mercantile business, a short distance east, near 
 where the stone building now stands, on Main street. His farm embraced 
 the land north from Main street to where the railroad now is, and east of 
 North Portage street, beyond the premises of Joseph H. Plumb. When he 
 came, there were but three or four log houses on the east side of the creek • 
 the principal settlement having been made at the Cross Roads. On retiring 
 from business, he settled in the east part of the village, where John W. John- 
 ston now resides, on Main street, a few rods east of the Union School-house, 
 where he died. Mrs. Cass died Dec. 13, 1872. They had but three chil- 
 dren, all of whom died in early life : Harriet, at the age of 1 1 ; Catharine, 
 at 2 ; Franklin, at 22 ; and an adopted daughter, at 1 7. Their social qualities 
 and their exemplary Christian deportment gave them a high position in the 
 community. 
 
 James Elliot Chapin was born in Wardsborough, Vt., Feb. 15, 1810, 
 and removed with his father to Saratoga Co. At the age of 20, he left home 
 and came to Jamestown, most of the way by the Erie canal. For three years 
 he taught school in Jamestown, where he was married, March 21, 1833, to 
 Louisa Jones, daughter of Solomon Jones. Having previously made a pro- 
 fession of religion, he turned his attention to the ministry; and in 1833 he 
 was licensed as a preacher in the Methodist Episcopal Church, and has 
 labored as such to. the present time, in the Pittsburgh and Erie Conferences. 
 About 20 years of his ministry has been soent in Chautauqua county as a 
 preacher and presiding elder. His present residence is in the village of 
 Westfield. Besides the faithful performance of his professional duties, he 
 has been an active promoter of the temperance cause, of sabbath schools, 
 and other benevolent and religious institutions, and has been largely instru- 
 mental in procuring the building of churches and parsonages. In the earlier 
 part of his ministry, he was on four weeks' circuits, which required, during that 
 time, 150 miles' travel on horseback, much of the way through forests and 
 swamps, and the preaching of between 25 and 30 sermons. Mr. Chapin 
 has had no children. He has reared an adopted daughter, now the wife of 
 Rev. James W. Bray. 
 
 Dea. William Couch, a native of Wethersfield, Conn., removed from 
 New Marlborough, Mass., to Westfield, in 181 5. His ancestors v/ert from 
 England, at an early period of our colonial history. He volunteered three 
 times into the array of the Revolution, the first time at the age of 17. He 
 carried in his knapsack a Bible and psalm book, put into it by his mother, 
 
&(^, 
 
 n^i/?^' 
 
^<C3^ -^x^^^c^. 
 
WESTFIELD. 597 
 
 and when in camp, the soldiers had daily worship. He drew a pension till 
 his death, in 1845, aged 86 years. 
 
 HiRA.M Couch, a son of Wm. Couch, came in 1815, with his father's fam- 
 ily, to Westfield, from Massachusetts. He was by trade a manufacturer of 
 cloth, in which business he was engaged until his death. His connection 
 with his brother-in-law, in this business, is mentioned on a preceding page. 
 He was an early member of the Presbyterian Church in Westfield, and for 
 many years, and until his death, one of its ruling elders. He was bom in 
 Sandisfield, Berkshire Co., Mass., in 1795. He was married to Rhoda, a 
 daughter of Deacon Eber Stone, born in Homer, N. Y., in 1805. They had 
 [I children : Henry L., who resides at St. Louis, Mo. ; Eliza A., who died 
 at 27 ; Walter V., who resides in Rochester ; Sarah Sophronia, wife of George 
 H. Curtis, Waverly, Iowa; Asa S., a physician in Fredonia; Hiram, who served 
 in the late war, and died in the hospital, June 29, 1863 ; Bradford, who died 
 at 32 ; Henrietta; Rhoda Elizabeth; Martha and Mary, twins; the latter 
 died in infancy. 
 
 Warren Couch, a son of William Couch, was born in Bethlehem, Berk- 
 shire Co., Mass., June 12, 1800 ; and removed with his father from New Marl- 
 borough, Mass., to Chautauqua Co., in March, 18 15, and settled in West- 
 field, and worked for many years at his trade, which was that of a cloth 
 dresser. In 1830, he relinquished that business and engaged in farming. 
 During his residence in Westfield, he held several town oflSces. He was a 
 member of the Presbyterian Church, and for several years a ruling elder. He 
 was married, February 24, 1825, to Amelia Martin, and had 8 children: 
 Emily L., wiffe of Peter Myers, Frewsburgh, N. Y. ; Maria M., wife of Nathan 
 Hungerford, Waterloo, Iowa ; Oscar M., who married Eliza E. Risley, and 
 resides in Fredonia ; Martha E., who died in childhood ; Warren, who mar- 
 ried Lettie Budlong, and lives in Jamestown ; Ann Judson, who married 
 Rev. O. W. Merrill, deceased, and resides at Anamosa, Iowa; Charles M., 
 who resides in New York; Carleton F., who married Jesse Manson, and 
 resides in Waterloo, Iowa. Deacon Couch has resided for several years, and 
 still resides, at Waterloo, Iowa. 
 
 Abram Dixon was born in Manchester, Vt., in July, 1787. He graduated 
 at Yale College in 1813, and was the last member of his class, and probably 
 the oldest graduate living at the time of his death. He studied law with 
 Judge Foote, of Hamilton, N. Y., and was admitted as an attorney of the 
 supreme court in 1816. While pursuing his law studies, he acted for a short 
 time as deputy clerk of the supreme court at Utica. In 18 1 7, he was married 
 to Carolina Pelham, of Hamilton, and in the same year removed to Westfield, 
 and commenced the practice of law, and resided there until his death, April 
 19, 1875. For the last few years of his life he was not in active practice. He 
 was elected senator of the state in the fall of 1839, for the term of four years, 
 from the ist of January following. His first wife died in 1837. He afterwards 
 married Mrs. Eliza Higgins, daughter of Gen. Holt, of Buffalo, and sister of 
 George W. Holt, of Westfield. She died in 1858. 
 
SgS HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 Jeremiah C. Drake was bom in Salisbury, Herkimer Co., N. Y., April 
 19, 1824. His father was a lineal descendant of an ancient family of that 
 name ; his mother, a descendant of the Huguenots and the Puritans of New 
 England. From an obituary notice of Col. Drake, prepared under the direc- 
 tion of the Harmony Baptist Association, the facts recited in the following 
 brief sketch of his life have been taken : At the age of 16, he became the 
 subject of renewing grace. In 1843, he went to Wisconsin, and resided there 
 5 years. During this period he held some county offices, and became en- 
 gaged in a promising business. But, from a conviction of duty, he relin- 
 quished his worldly pursuits, with a view to the gospel ministry. In Decem- 
 ber, 1847, he was licensed to preach, and soon after returned to this state 
 to pursue a thorough course of preparatory study, and graduated at the 
 Rochester University in 1852; having carried himself through by ways 
 and means which poverty aloire could discover. While a student at Roches- 
 ter, he gathered and organized a church at Churchville, Monroe Co., and was 
 ordained its pastor, Jan. 22, 1852. After a successful pastorate there of two 
 years, and at Panama in this county of four years, he assumed the pastoral 
 care of the Baptist Church of Westfield, and removed thither in the fall of 
 1858. In August, 1861, moved by a sense of duty, he resolved to take up 
 arms in defense of his imperiled country. He quickly recruited a company, 
 was commissioned its captain, and joined the 49th regiment N. Y. volunteers, 
 under the command of Col. D. D. Bidwell. He served with this regiment 
 through the entire campaign of the Peninsula, in the most creditable manner, 
 taking an honorable part in the battles of Mechanicsville, Garnett's Farm, 
 Savage Station, and White Oak Swamp. In the fall of 1862, \Vhen the 112th 
 regiment was raised in this county, Capt. Drake was unanimously chosen to 
 its command, and was commissioned colonel, Sept. 2, 1862. He proved to 
 be an active and efficient officer, and was distinguished for his courage and 
 his bravery in conflict with the enemy. After his taking command of the 
 regiment, he served in the war nearly two years, having, during a large portion 
 of the time, the command of a brigade, which position he held at the battle 
 of Cold Harbor, in which he received a mortal wound, and was taken to the 
 hospital. Having in a few words delivered his last message to his family, 
 and requested that his body be sent home, he asked to be kept quiet, saying : 
 " You will excuse me from talking, for I have but a little time to live, and I 
 wish it all to myself" He passed the night in self-communion, enduring the 
 keenest bodily sufferings without a murmur or complaint. Toward morning, 
 the chaplain reciting the words of the apostle : " Thanks be to God who 
 giveth us the victory through our Lord Jesus Christ," the dying Christian 
 soldier responded, "Amen, amen." These were his last words. Thus died 
 a good man and a genuine patriot. But, great as are the honors justly be- 
 stowed on him for the services rendered his country in a most critical junc- 
 ture, far more honorable were his achievements as a " soldier of the cross," 
 under the great Captain of Salvation, in the warfare against the kingdom of 
 darkness. In this war, in which " the weapons are not carnal," we believe 
 
' /'.'^ ^- 
 
 ? 
 
WESTFIELD. 599 
 
 he has gained trophies, not a few, which shall adom the immortal " crown of 
 righteousness, which the Lord, the righteous Judge will give him in that day." 
 He was married, Aug. 25, 1852, to Clara Utley, of Boonville, Oneida Co., 
 N. Y. They had three children : Clinton Merle, Jennie Clara, and Charles 
 Kepler. Mrs. Drake holds the office of postmaster. 
 
 David Eason was bom in Turbot, Northumberland Co., Pa., April 3, 
 1771. His father, John Eason, born in Ireland, 1741, came to America 
 when two years old, and died in Washington, Lycoming Co., Pa., in his 91st 
 year. David Eason was married, in r8o5, to Margaret Woodside, in Wash- 
 ington, Pa. An account of his removal to Canadaway, and of his final set- 
 tlement at Westfield, has been given elsewhere [pp. 75, 76.] In 1805, the 
 next year after the formation of the town of Chautauqua, in the county of 
 Genesee, Mr. Eason was appointed a justice of the peace. In 1813 and 
 1814, he took the assessment of the county for a United States direct tax. 
 The people were generally poor, and had little or no furniture. They could 
 liardly furnish their tables with whole plates and knives and forks. During 
 his tour through the county, he slept most of the nights on the floor. In 
 181 1, on the organization of the county, he was appointed sheriff, which 
 office he held four years. The only property he was obliged to sell during 
 this time was one horse ; nor did he take a man to jail for debt. He sus- 
 pected and arrested two horse thieves, and took them to Batavia jail, the 
 owners residing east of Buffalo. In 182 1, he was a candidate for the assem- 
 bly, the assembly district being composed of the counties of Chautauqua, 
 Cattaraugus, and Niagara, the latter including the preseijt territory of Erie 
 county. The canvassers declared him elected. His opponent, Judge Isaac 
 Phelps, of Aurora, having received some informal votes, which, if allowed to 
 him, would give him a majority, Mr. Eason, admitting the justice of his 
 claim, surrendered to him the seat. In 1823 and 1824, he was a member of 
 the senate. While in the senate, he had a severe attack of inflammation of 
 the eyes, which, for some months, confined him to his room, and terminated 
 in the loss of one eye, and the impairing of the vision of the other. After 
 the expiration of his senatorial term, he removed to his farm, and retired 
 from public life. His finely cultivated farm and its products, as well as his 
 superior horses and cattle, evinced his correct taste and sound judgment in 
 the management of his farm. He accumulated a handsome property. The 
 first deed recorded in the county clerk's office, is from the Holland Land 
 Company to David Eason, conveying his farm at Westfield. He died at his 
 residence in Westfield, April 8, 1853, aged 82 years. His wife died — [date 
 not ascertained.] They had two children, besides one that died in infancy : 
 I. John, who married Sarah Jane Davis, and had 5 children : Henry, who 
 died at 1 9 ; Elizabeth, who died at 8 ; Clara, residing at home ; John, who 
 died at 19 ; and Gharles, at present in the South. 2. Mary Ann, who mar- 
 ried. Dr. Carlton Todd, and after his death, Wm. T. McClurg, brother of 
 James McClurg, and resides at Pittsburgh, Pa. 
 
 Gervis Foot was born in St. Lawence Co., March 25, 1804, and came 
 
600 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 with his father's family to Westfield, in 1816. His business has, principally, 
 been fanning. He resided many years at Barcelona, and became proprie- 
 tor of the site of the harbor, of which he is still the owner. He now resides 
 in the village of Westfield, where he has, for a number of years, been engaged 
 in mercantile business, and as a dealer in country produce. He was married 
 to Eliza Ann Wood, and has a daughter, Cynthia, who married Augustus A. 
 Comstock, a merchant, first in Westfield, now in the city of New York, and 
 has a daughter, Julia F. After the death of Mrs. Foot, he married Calista 
 E. Mores, his present wife. 
 
 Asa Hall, Sr., was born in Connecticut, June 20, 1767; removed to 
 New Hampshire; and thence to Westfield, in 181 1. He had six children : 
 Sophy, wife of Jonathan Cass; George; Harriet, who died at 19; Asa; 
 David ; and Silas F., who removed to Illinois, where he died. All came to 
 Westfield with their father. Mr. Hall and his two eldest sons, George and 
 Asa, served in the war of 181 2. Returning on parole, they were stopped 
 at Mack's tavern, at Cattaraugus creek, by sickness from exposure. Mrs. 
 Hall went to attend to them during their sickness ; was herself taken sick, and 
 died there. The men recovered. Mr. Hall died March 14, 1832, aged 65. 
 
 George Hall, son of Asa Hall, was born April, 1793 ; was married to 
 Sally Hutchins, and had 8 children : Foster, Archelaus, Phebe, Eri, who 
 resides in the village, and is a proprietor of the Westfield Mill ; Byron, 
 Viola, Niagara, and Miami, who died at 25. Mr. Hall was a miller during 
 most of his active life, and died April 27, 186-. 
 
 Asa Hall, son of Asa Hall, was bom in Thompson, Conn., Dec. 26, 
 1796. He removed with his parents to Stratford, N. H., and thence, in 181 1, 
 to Westfield, ,N. Y. Although but sixteen years of age, he enlisted in the 
 war of 181 2 with his father and his brother George, and was with them at 
 the burning of Buffalo. AU of them took the fever and ague, from the 
 effects of which, neither of them fully recovered. After the war, he and his 
 brother George worked at their trade, that of carpenter and joiner. Dec. 
 20, 1820, he was married to Paulina T., daughter of John Mack, of Hanover. 
 About the year 1825, he settled two miles west of the village, where he 
 passed the remainder of his life. In 1833, he united with the Presbyterian 
 Church, of which he was long a ruling elder. Mr. and Mrs. Hall are spoken 
 of as having been persons of exemplary piety, and shedding a hallowed in- 
 fluence alike upon the members of the family and of the society in which 
 they lived. They had five children, all of whom are living : Charlotte, wife 
 of W. P. Culbertson, a lumber merchant and ma^^jifacturer, Fulton, 111. 
 Robert M., who married Flora A. Driggs, and is a farmer in Westfield 
 Sophy C, wife of A. C. Crane, loan and real estate agent, San Francisco 
 Emma M., wife of Stephen G. Nye, a lawyer and county judge of Almeda 
 Co., California ; and Frank A., who married Susan B. Loomis, and who is 
 the publisher of the Westfield Republican. 
 
 David Hall was bom Oct. 29, 1798, in Connecticut; and was married 
 to Persa Loomis, Dec. 28, 1820. Mrs. Hall died Feb. 6, 1844. Mr. H. 
 
rrc I'^/Ity^J 
 
 /'>^ /:-i. V /€u. 
 
WESTFIELD. 6oi 
 
 was a blacksmith in the village, for many years. He afterwards engaged in 
 farming, in which business he continued for a number of years. Having 
 become disabled by an acute disease, he disposed of his farm, and retired to 
 his present home one mile east from the village, where he still resides. He 
 was an early member of the Baptist Church ; has long been, and is still, one 
 of its deacons. He had 1 1 children : Mary, adopted daughter of Jonathan 
 Cass, died at 17 ; Harriet, who died at 28; Sarah, wife of Wm. Montgom- 
 ery, Lawrence, Kansas ; Susan, wife of Jonathan Harris, in Iowa ; Martha, 
 who died at 27 ; Eliza Ann, yfho married Charles B. Stow, Corry, Pa. ; 
 William D., who married Henrietta Carlisle, and is one of the proprietors of 
 the Minneapolis Tribune, Minn. ; Joseph H., who married Sarah Johnston, 
 of Westfield, where they reside ; Helen, wife of Lucius Lombard, merchant, 
 in Quincy ; Amanda M., in Iowa, unmarried ; and Emeline A., unmarried, 
 in Lawrence, Kansas. Mr. David Hall married Maria Twing, his present 
 wife, Jan. i, 1849. 
 
 Jasper Harrington, a son of Abijah Harrington, came to Pomfret in 
 1 81 8, and a few years afterwards removed to Hanover, where his father died. 
 In 1827, he came to Westfield, where, for a number of years, he carried on 
 the carding and cloth-dressing business. He subsequently engaged in the 
 tin and copper ware manufacture, and in the stove traxie, to which was added 
 the general hardware business. During most of the time he was in partner- 
 ship with different persons, and, f6r several years past, with his son, De Witt 
 C. Harrington. He was married to Thankful S. Barnes, who died about 
 ten or twelve years ago. They had 5 children, of whom 3 passed the age of 
 infancy : De Witt C, who married Lucy Carlisle, and is a partner in the 
 hardware trade ; Henry J., who married Mary A., daughter of Thomas M. 
 Prendergast; and Ellen E., wife of Dr. John M. Brown. All reside in 
 Westfield. 
 
 Jonas Harrington, brother of Jasper, came to Westfield in 1837, and 
 commenced the boot and shoe making business, which he has continued, in 
 the village, to the present year, in which he sold out the establishment to 
 Horace Hale. He was married to Ruby Benton, of Hanover, and had 3 
 children : Ann M., who was married to Jefferson Eraser, of Brooklyn, N. Y., 
 and died in Elmira ; Amaret E., who also was married to Mr. Eraser, who 
 had 6 children, of whom 5 are living. He died in Brooklyn, August 24, 
 1874 ; she resides with her family, in Brooklyn. Amelia S., the third daugh- 
 ter, is the wife of George W. Holt, of Westfield, for many years, to the 
 present time, engaged in the commerce of the lakes. 
 
 Lewis T. Harrington, son of Larkin Harrington, was bom in Westfield, 
 in 1834, and was married, 1852, to Julia L. Dickson, and removed, in 1853, 
 to Sherman. While a resident of Sherman, he served as deputy sheriff six 
 years, and under sheriff three years. In 1869, he was elected sheriff', for the 
 term of three years, from the first of January ensuing. Since the expiration 
 of that office, he has again served as deputy sheriff. ' 
 
 Watson S. Hinkley was born in the state of Massachusetts, Jan. 18, 
 
6o2 HISTORY OF CHAUTAU(2UA COUNTY. 
 
 1 8 15, and has been a resident of the county since the fall of that year, with 
 the exception of a few years. His father, Solomon Hinkley, was born and 
 reared in Barnstable, Mass., and was a descendant, in the fourth degree, from 
 Thomas Hinkley, of Barnstable, governor of Plymouth Colony, the last 
 eleven years of its colonial existence. His wife was Mercy Otis, of Plymouth, 
 a relative of James Otis, of Revolutionary fame. They removed from Buck- 
 land, Berkshire Co., Mass., to Chautauqua Co., N. Y., in the fall of 1815, 
 with 8 children, and settled in Pomfret, near Laona, in a house which they 
 occupied as the family homestead for over 30 years, and which is yet stand- 
 ing. Of their children, seven were sons and one a daughter: George, Otis, 
 Solomon, Allen, Hiram, John G., Watson S., artd Hannah, the wife of Samuel 
 Barker. All left descendants except Allen, and all are dead except Watson 
 S. ; and are buried in Forest Hill Cemetery, near Fredonia, except Otis, in 
 California ; Hiram, in Illinois ; and John G., in Westfield. Watson S. spent 
 six years in Rochester; two years in the study of medicine, and four in the 
 study of law. He returned to Westfield in June, 1841, where he remained 
 in the practice of law till May, 1872, when he removed to Cook Co., 111., 
 near Chicago. He is now president of the First National Bank of Ottawa, 
 Kansas, and resides in the city of Chicago. He married Clara T. Thacher, 
 daughter of Dr. Thacher, of Brockport, N. Y., and has two sons, Charles W. , 
 aged 18 ; and James O., aged 16 years. 
 
 Sextus H. Hungerford was born in Smithfield, Madison county, Jan. 
 14, 1806. When quite young, he removed with his parents to Vernon, 
 Oneida Co. He was the eldest of nine children, and was about 21, when 
 his father died, when the care of a small farm and of a large family devolved 
 upon him. In 1830, he was married to Maria P. Skinner, who survives him. 
 He continued in the farming business, in Vernon, until 1837, when he re- 
 moved to Westfield, and purchased of Joshua R. Babcock a stock of goods, 
 and continued in the mercantile business about 6 years, in connection with 
 his brother-in-law, H. J. Miner, [Hungerford & Miner.] In 1843, he re- 
 moved to Ripley, on a farm, and, after about two years, returned to Westfield, 
 where he resided until his death. May 15, 1867. In 1848, he established 
 the Bank of Westfield, of which he was president, and John N. Hungerford, 
 his brother, cashier. In 1864, he, with others, organized the First National 
 Bank of Westfield. He was for six years, successively, supervisor of this 
 town. He was untiring in his efforts to sustain the government during the 
 late war, devoting much time, gratuitously, to furnishing men and means. 
 By the policy suggested by him, the town escaped the pressure of a heavy 
 war debt. In 1865, he represented this assembly district in the legislature. 
 The several trusts confided to him by his fellow-citizens, were discharged with 
 fidelity and to the general acceptance. He was for many years a ruling 
 elder in the Presbyterian Church, and aided in sustaining the institutions of 
 the church, and of religious and benevolent institutions generally, by personal 
 effort and liberal pecuniary contributions. By his will he bequeathed to the 
 Presbyterian Board of Home Missions and the Theological Seminary, about 
 
"? 
 
 CI''/ 
 
 ^cn^iK^ 
 
WESTFIELD. 603 
 
 $15,000, and sums of considerable amount to other benevolent institutions. 
 He left no children to inherit his estate. 
 
 John Johnston, from the north of Ireland, in 1826, settled one mile west 
 of the village of Westfield, on the old James McMahan farm, the first farm 
 cleared in the county, and now owned by Wm. Vorce. Mr. Johnston's sons 
 were William, Hugh, Alexander, John, James, Robert, and Francis ; his 
 daughters, Agnes and Elizabeth. In 1836, William, Hugh, and James com- 
 menced the mercantile business in the village, in partnership. In 185 1, Hugh 
 retired, and in 1866, William and his son, John-W., removed their business 
 to the West ; and after two or three years' stay in Dubuque, Iowa, and Ypsi- 
 lanti, Mich., returned to Westfield in 1869, where John W., son of William, 
 still continues the mercantile business. In 1853, William, Hugh, and Alex- 
 ander commenced the banking business, and continued it until the establish- 
 ment of the national banking system. Hugh, for the benefit of his health, 
 went, in December, 1864, to Fernandina, Florida; and, after a stay of about 
 two months, he started on his return, and died at sea on the passage. His 
 body was brought home for interment. John Johnston, Sr., died in 1852, 
 aged 80 years. William, Hugh, and Francis were married to three daughters 
 of Dea. James Montgomery. Alexander was married to Elizabeth Patterson, 
 of Londonderry, N. H. ; John, to Olive Hale, of Ripley ; James, to Mary, 
 a daughter of William Bell ; Robert, to Julia, daughter of Paul Persons, Jr. ; 
 Agnes, to James Cochran, of Ripley ; Elizabeth, unmarried. All are mem- 
 bers of the Presbyterian Church. 
 
 Thomas McClintock was bom in Northumberland Co., Pa., in 1768, 
 and emigrated to Erie Co., Pa., in 1798 or 1799. In December, 1803, he 
 located land at Canadaway [Fredonia.] He subsequently articled lots or 
 parts of lots 8, 14, 20, on both sides of the creek, and embracing most of 
 the land within the present village of Fredonia. In 1804, he built a cabin, 
 which he occupied in the spring of 1805, when David Eason and Low Mini- 
 ger also made their settlements there. He and they sold their lands about 
 the same time ; and all moved to Westfield. McClintock, for several years, 
 kept a tavern in a log house, on the comer east of the Westfield House, on 
 or near the site of the Spencer block, corner of Main and North Portage 
 streets. After three years he sold out and removed east of the site of the 
 present village to the place subsequently known as the Bradley farm ; next 
 to the McMahan farm, 2 miles west of Westfield ; and thence to Ripley Hill, 
 now in the town of Westfield, where his wife died, Feb. 8, 1831, aged 58 
 years. He married for his second wife widow Adams, emigrated in 1834 to 
 Illinois, where he died Sept. 11, 1838, aged 70 years. 
 
 James McClurg was bom in Ireland, and, when a youth, removed with 
 his family to America. His father took an active part in the famed Irish Re- 
 bellion which culminated about the year 1797 or 1798, the object of which 
 was deliverance from Irish grievances. The failure of this object is said to 
 have been the cause of their removal to this country. They first settled in 
 Philadelphia, whence they removed to Pittsburgh, where the father and son 
 
604 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 became extensively engaged in the iron foundry and furnace business. In 
 1810, (?) James McClurg came to Westfield; and after the war of 1812 broke 
 out, he returned to Pittsburgh and made cannon for the government at his 
 iron works. These cannon, it is believed, were the first ever made in this 
 country. After the war, he returned to Westfield, where he spent the remain- 
 der of his life. He opened a small store, it is said, before he returned to 
 Pittsburgh, which, some say, was the first in the town ; which, however, is 
 doubted by others. He was afterwards, for many years, a merchant in West- 
 field. He erected on or near the corner of what is now the common, a build- 
 ing used by him a long time for a store. This is thought to have been the 
 first frame building in the town. Mr. McClurg, Judge Campbell, and Geo. 
 Hall, built the "Westfield Mill" in the village, where the old mill had stood. 
 The Westfield House block and the McClurg brick block on South Portage 
 street were built by him. He purchased what was known as the Eason farm, 
 and divided it into village lots, which now form an important part of the vil- 
 lage. While thus investing money in real estate, he contributed to the growth 
 and prosperity of the town. In an obituary notice it is said: "Business was 
 his ruling ambition ; and he was quick to see and avail himself of remunera- 
 tive enterprises. He took a lively interest in public affairs and public men, 
 and frequently mentioned the fact of his having seen President Washington 
 in Philadelphia, in his boyhood days. His religious convictions were of the 
 Presbyterian order; and he was as exact in his observance of the sabbath as 
 he was methodical in his business transactions." He died May 26, 1872, 
 aged 87 years. 
 
 James McMahan, the pioneer settler of Westfield, an account of whose 
 settlement has been elsewhere given, was' bom in Northumberland Co., Pa., 
 in March, 1768, and died in Westfield, Dec. 13, 1846. His father's name 
 was James ; his mother was a Murray. His father was born in Ireland, and 
 came to this country when very young, with his parents. James, the son, 
 was married, July 3, 179S. to Sarah McCord, by whom he had 5 children, all 
 of whom died very young, except Robert and Sarah A. Robert died at the 
 age of 23, of yellow fever, near New Orleans. Sarah A. was married to 
 Austin Smith, Esq., of Westfield. Col. McMahan, before he was married, 
 surveyed in the lake country two seasons. For six months in each year, he 
 saw the face of no white man except his chain-bearers and assistants. He 
 was here surveying the year in which Gen. Wayne fought the Indians in the 
 West. One of his chain-bearers was shot and scalped by the Indians, as 
 they were returning to their encampment, near the mouth of the Broken 
 Straw. The sketch of Col. McMahan's settlement in this town, and the 
 prominence which his name has acquired in the history of this county, render 
 an extended notice of his life in this place unnecessary. 
 
 John McMahan was born in Chelisquaque, Pa., about 1764, and was 
 raised, in his juvenile years, in a fort erected to protect the inhabitants 
 against Indian depredations. He removed to Chautauqua creek, near its 
 mouth, in 1803, having purchased of Mr. Ellicott, agent of the Holland Com- 
 
i^?^?'^i#•-^^^ 
 
WESTFIELD. 6oS 
 
 pany, township 4, range 14, containing 22,014 acres, at $2.50 an acre, amount- 
 ing to $55,035, and paid down $1,035, 'he remainder to be paid in eight 
 annual installments. He built, in 1804, the first grist-mill erected in the 
 county, about one-fourth of a mile above the mouth of the creek. At the 
 first town-meeting held in Chautauqua, April, 1805, he was elected supervi- 
 sor of the town, and reelected in 1806 and 1807, and met with the board of 
 supervisors of Genesee county at Batavia. He was also appointed, in 1806, 
 a justice of the peace. He was captain of the first military company in the 
 county, and was promoted to the command of the first regiment in the county, 
 which was at the battle of Buffalo and Black Rock, Dec. 30, 1813. After 
 the war, he rose by grade to the office of general. His contract for land 
 proved an unfortunate one, in relation to which it has been remarked: "After 
 having suffered many hardships and privations, being unable to fill the terms 
 of his contract, it was wrested from him by the Company ; and, in reduced 
 circumstances, he removed to Mayville, where he died Sept. 22, 1831, aged 
 66 years." 
 
 Edward McHenry, from Pennsylvania, settled at the Cross Roads in 
 the spring of 1802, being the first settler with his family on the John Mc- 
 Mahan tract. James McMahan, though he had previously built a cabin and 
 made a clearing, did not bring in his family until after McHenry's arrival. 
 The death of the latter by drowning on Lake Erie, in 1803, has been men- 
 tioned elsewhere [page 74.] His was the first death in the county, and the 
 sermon at his funeral was the first ever preached in the county. The 
 preacher was Joseph Badger, who was attending a meeting of the Erie Pres- 
 bytery at Colt's Station, Pa., and was sent by that body to perform the 
 service. Mr. Henry was keeping a, tavern at the time of his death, which 
 was continued by his widow, who afterwards married James Perry, who, a few 
 years after, left home to be absent a few days, but was never heard of since. 
 Having some money, he was supposed to have been murdered. Mrs. Perry 
 continued the tavern, which was for many years a place for public meetings, 
 trainings, etc. She died in Ripley at the advanced age of upwards of 80 
 years. Three sons of McHenry are still living in the county : Alexander, in 
 Ripley; 'and Hiram and John, in Westfield, the last mentioned being the first 
 white person born in the county. All the others are believed to be dead. 
 Alexander was married to Lydia Royce, and had several children. A daugh- 
 ter, Martha, deceased, was married to William Perry, who was for many years 
 a justice of the peace, and now resides at Quincy. Another daughter, Sarah 
 Jane, is the wife of John Ely, formerly of Ripley, now residing in Virginia. 
 John McHenry was married, and had several children, all believed to have 
 gone West. His wife died many years ago. 
 
 John H. Minton, son of James Minton, was born in Auburn, N. Y., 
 September 2, 181 7. When he was 7 years old, his father died; and, in 1829, 
 h^ came with his mother's family to Portland, and settled near Brocton. At 
 a very early age, he engaged as clerk for B. F. Post, a merchant in Brocton. 
 A few years later, he was employed as a clerk in the store of Baldwin & 
 
6o6 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 McWhorter in Westfield. In 1843, he formed a partnership with Edwin Buck 
 in the mercantile business ; and, after about 8 years, he became sole proprie- 
 tor of the concern, and continued the business until his death, November 
 18, 1867. He was married, Dec. 17, 1843, to Harriet L. Coney, and had 
 six children: Henry J., who was born October 31, 1844; Julia F., born 
 September 20, 1846, and died at 3 ; Charles C, born October 24, 1850; 
 Clara H., bom July 4, 1852 ; married, November, 1873, Rev. H. S. West- 
 gate, and resides at Kingston, N. Y. ; Hattie M., born September 30, 1859 ; 
 Fanny and Susan, born January 24, 1868; the latter died in infancy. 
 
 James Montgomery was born in Mifflin Co., Penn., Sept. 12, 1783, and 
 settled, in 1803, in Westfield, 2 miles west of the village. There were then 
 but a few families in the county. The town of Chautauqua was formed from 
 the town of Batavia in 1804; and at the first election of town officers, held 
 in 1805, Mr. Montgomery was elected town clerk, and was subsequently 
 elected to other town offices. He was one of the constituent members of 
 the Presbyterian Church formed at the Cross Roads, [Westfield,] in 1808, 
 and one of its ruling elders. And on its reorganization in 181 7, he was 
 chosen to the same office, which he held during the remainder of his life. 
 He was justly regarded as one of it^ strongest pillars. By one who had for 
 many years been his pastor, he is said to have " exhibited a Christian man- 
 hood such as is rarely found — great faculties of mind — great intellectual 
 strength — a tenacious adherence to principles he had adopted.' But "his 
 character was not fully comprehended if we did not look upon him as a 
 Christian man. His reason admired the wisdom of God in the system of 
 the gospel. He considered the atonement of Jesus Christ as the basis of his 
 own salvation ; and loved the gospel and its institutions better than any 
 earthly thing." He married Sarah Taylor, of Penn., and had 1 1 children ; 
 I. William, drowned in the creek at Westfield, at the age of 14. 2. Alex- 
 ander, principal of Westfield academy ; afterwards minister of Presbyterian 
 churches at Beaver Dam, Wis. ; Chicago, 111. ; and Beloit, Wis., where he died 
 in 1858. 3. Victoria, wife of Wni. Johnston, of Westfield. 4. Eleanor, wife 
 of Hugh Johnston ; [see Johnston Family.] 5. Hamilton, married, and re- 
 moved to Beaver Dam, Wis. ; served in the late war, and was drowned in 
 Duck river, Tennessee. 6. Julia B., wife of Isaac Cochran. 7. William, 
 who married Sarah Hall, daughter of David Hall, of Westfield, and is a 
 lawyer in Lawrence, Kansas. 8. Sarah A., wife of Francis Johnston, and 
 resides in Missouri. 9. James, who removed with his family to Clinton, 
 Iowa, (?) and died there. 20. Joseph Addison, married, and resides in Chi- 
 cago. II. ^t<g,4, unmarried, and resides in Kansas. Deacon Montgomery's 
 mother died in Center Co., Pa., in Feb., 1803, and in March, 1803, he came 
 to Westfield. After boarding about two years with Arthur Bell, whose wife 
 was Mr. Montgomery's sister, he was married to Sarah Taylor, June 29, 
 1805, who was bom in Dauphin Co., Penn., Oct. 28, 1787. She died sud- 
 denly at her old home in Westfield, March 2, 1861. She was an exemplary 
 Christian lady. 
 
^iM^v^ i//i<7^ & a^-^^ ' 
 

 '^i^l-C£yi<iiLe^rL) 
 
WESTFIELD. 607 
 
 Jonathan Nichols, born July 25, 1754, at Bolton, Mass., went to Orange 
 Co., Vt., at the beginning of the Revolutionary war, in which he was a private 
 under Gen, Stark, and was wounded at the battle of Bennington, just before 
 Burgoyne's surrender, and drew a pension till his death. In the fall of r8i3, 
 he removed with his family to Westfield, N. Y., the journey requiring six 
 weeks with a three-horse team. His children were Lorrel, Olney, Orvis, 
 Achsah, Wiseman C, Chloe, Jonathan Sackett, and Lucinda, of whom only 
 Lorrel and Wiseman C. are living. Mr. Nichols held the office of sheriff in 
 Vt. for several years. His son Orvis was for many years postmaster at West- 
 field ; Wiseman was a justice in Westfield, and a deputy sheriff of Chautau- 
 qua Co., and was for many years a magistrate in Cardington, O., where he 
 resides. Jonathan Nichols died on the farm in 1842, aged 88. 
 
 Lorrel Nichols, son of Jonathan, was born Feb. 9, 1794; came with 
 the family to Westfield ; became the' owner of the farm, which he occupied 
 until his removal to the village of Westfield in 1869. He served as corporal 
 in the war of 181 2, being stationed most of the time at Black Rock. He 
 was married in Oneida Co.,' in 1826, to Sarah Knight, of Vermont, an edu- 
 cated lady, for many years a teacher in a popular seminary. She taught her 
 children at home, never sending them to school until they commenced the 
 study of the classics. She died in 1864, aged 71, having had three children, 
 only one of whom survived her. Their names were D. Azro A., Hervey 
 Brayton, and Henry Leach. Hervey was a rising lawyer in Texas, and had 
 been president of Gonzales College. He was killed by the explosion of a 
 boiler on the steamer Pennsylvania, in June, 1858, 70 miles below Mem- 
 phis, being on his .wayfrom Texas, to visit the family at Westfield. His 
 body was found 530 miles below the place of the accident, being identified 
 by the college pin fastened on, his shirt. Henry L. had been a professor in 
 Gonzales College, and was killed at Port Hudson, La., during Gen. Banks' 
 memorable attack on that place, June 13, 1863. D. Azro A. was married to 
 Clarissa A. Dickson, in Ripley, June i, 1852. They have three children : 
 Sarah E., Mary E., and Lorrel B. Mr. N. was for two years connected with 
 the Daily News, Springfield, O. ; afterwards with a Chicago agricultural jour- 
 nal ; and is now one of the editors of the Albany Country Gentleman. 
 
 George W. Patterson, son of Thomas and Elizabeth (Wallace) Patter- 
 son, was born in Londonderry, N. H., Nov. 11, 1799, and was the youngest 
 of twelve children, eleven of whom lived to mature age. He received a 
 common school and an academic education in his native town ; and, at the 
 age of 1 8, he taught a common school, in his native state, for three months, 
 and, at the close of the term, he came to Groveland, Ontario, now Livingston 
 Co., N. Y., with his brother William, who was ten years older than himself, 
 where they were engaged in the maijjifacture and sale of fanning mills, and 
 remained in that town and Sparta tiH the spring of 1822, when he came to 
 Ripley, and carried on the same business until the autumn of 1824. He 
 then purchased a farm in Leicester, Livingston Co., and erected on it a 
 dwelling house; and, on the 24th of February, 1825, he was married to 
 
6o8 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 Hannah Whiting Dickey, daughter of John Dickey, Esq., of York, Living- 
 ston Co., formerly of Londonderry, N. H. He was engaged in farming and 
 fanning-mill making at Leicester, until May, 1841, when he came to West- 
 field and took charge of the Chautauqua land-office. While residing in 
 Leicester, he held the offices of supervisor and justice of the peace, and was 
 elected to the assembly eight years, the last two of which he was speaker of 
 the house. He was elected as a delegate to the constitutional convention of 
 1846, from the county of Chautauqua; and, in 1848, he was elected lieu- 
 tenant-governor, on the ticket with Hon. Hamilton Fish, who was elected 
 governor. He has two children : George W., Jr., and Hannah. 
 
 Daniel C. Northrop, a native of Lenox, Mass., resided successively in 
 Penfield, Painesville, 0.,and in the west part of Westfield, on the Erie road, 
 and, in i8i6, removed to where his son Joseph now resides, 2 miles south- 
 west of the village, and where he died in 1854, aged 72 years. His wife was 
 Ann, a daughter of Wm. McBride, an early settler near the state line, in Erie 
 county, Pa. Mr. Northrop served in the war of 1812, first in Capt. James 
 McMahan's company; afterwards in Capt. MosA Adams' company, and was 
 at the battle of Buffalo. For these services, his widow, now living with her 
 son Joseph, has become the recipient of a pension. He had 4 sons and 6 
 daughters. Of the sons living, William and Joseph reside in this town, and 
 Robert M. in Michigan. Of the daughters, Eliza A. was married to N. Hart; 
 Martha, to J. D. Murdock, Canada ; Mary, to Wm. Dick, Sherman ; Lucy, 
 to Thomas Quayle, Garden City, Minn. Joseph married Abigail Bunker, 
 from Vt. ; and has 2 sons living, John L. and Schuyler. 
 
 Lorenzo F. Phelps, from Warsaw, in 1835, commenced business in 
 Westfield, as a journeyman harness-maker and saddler; and, in 1838, he 
 began business on his own account, which he continued until 1871. Several 
 years before the latter year, his son Augustus F. was partner in the bu.siness. 
 While pursuing his trade with industry and success, he commenced dealing 
 in Buffalo robes, making his purchases in the Far West. In this trade, which 
 he prosecuted for a number of years, on a very large scale, he was eminently 
 successful. In 187 1, he turned his attention to the banking business, and, 
 in connection with his son Augustus, established an individual bank, of which 
 they are the only proprietors, and of which a younger son, Charles C, is 
 cashier. Mr. Phelps was tnarried, Oct. 15, 1839, to Cornelia Dustin, of 
 Ripley. They have five children : Helen R., wife of Seneca Durand, a mer- 
 chant in Ypsilanti, Mich.; Augustus F., who married Minerva Sage, of Fre- 
 donia; Amelia R.; Frances C, who married Carson R. Crossgrove, and re- 
 sides in the village ; and Charles C. 
 
 Alvin Plumb was born at Paris, Oneida Co., Sept. 6, 1802, and came to 
 Fredonia in 181 6, with his elder brothers, Joseph and Ralph, who established 
 a store in that place. From 1820, he was for several years a derk in stores 
 at Rochester and Geneva ; and at the latter place he also attended school at 
 the academy. In 1824, he commenced the mercantile business at Jamestown, 
 and continued it until 1832 or 1833. He was also engaged in the milling 
 
WESTFIELD. 609 
 
 business 4 miles below Jamestown. He was in 1833 a member of assembly, 
 and again in 1837. From Jan. i, 1843, he was county clerk for the term of 
 3 years. At the expiration of his official term, he removed to Westfield, 
 where he was engaged for many years in the purchase and sale of lands in 
 the county. He was among the first to propose the running of a steamboat 
 on Chautauqua lake. A company was formed for this purpose ; and a boat 
 commenced running from Jamestown to Mayville the 4th of July, 1828. On 
 the 4th of August, 187 T, as the steamboat Chautauqua was about to land at 
 Mayville, her boiler exploded, killing 8 persons, and severely injuring several 
 others, among whom was Mr. Plumb, who was badly crippled for life. He 
 has been an active friend of the temperance and anti-slavery causes. He was 
 married in 1832 to Mary Ann Davis, of Westfield, and had 5 children, of 
 whom two died young. The living are : i. Elizabeth, wife of Capt. Harmon 
 J. Bliss, who was in the late war, and killed in the battle of Chancellorsville, 
 leaving a son, Harmon J. 2. Arthur R., who also was in the late war, and 
 was severely wounded in the second battle of Bull Run. He resides at 
 Carthage, Missouri. 3. Samuel Davis, who married Sarah Ingraham, and 
 resides in Niagara Co., N. Y. 
 
 James Pratt, from Pawlet, Vt, settled, in 1829, on lot 43, tp. 3, r. 14. 
 He was married, first, to Philena, daughter of Seth Sheldon, and had 3 chil- 
 dren : Sarah Jane, wife of Ira Marshall, of Clymer ; Merritt, deceased, who 
 had been married to Jennett Case ; and Dewitt C, who resides in Montana. 
 Mr. Pratt's second wife was Sarah T. Pulman ; his third, Mary Matilda Clark, 
 of North-east. He was several times elected an assessor of the town ; and 
 held the office of justice of the peace about 15 years. In 1868, he removed 
 to the village of Westfield, where he resides. 
 
 Daniel Rockwell, from Hampton, Washington Co., N. Y., came to 
 Warsaw in 1820 or 1821, where, for several years, he, in connection with 
 John Crocker, [Rockwell & Crocker,] carried on the hat manufacture, when 
 he sold out his interest, and, early in 1825, removed to Westfield and rees- 
 tablished himself in the same business, which he continued many years. 
 Daring the latter part of this time, he was associated with Augustin U. Bald- 
 win, in the mercantile business, both branches of business being carried on 
 by the firm. Mr. Rockwell was married, in Warsaw, to Clarissa Hough. 
 They had 4 children : Lansing, who died in infancy; Rollin D., who married 
 Helen Elizabeth Mann, and resides in Westfield ; Walter, who died at 19 ; 
 and Frederick A., who married Alice Magrath, Rouseville, Pa., and died 
 May 18, 1874, aged 31. 
 
 Stephen Rumsey was born in Woodbury, Conn., June i, 1785, and re- 
 moved to Vermont. In 1827, he removed to Washington Co., N. Y.; thence 
 to Westfield in 1831. He served as ist lieutenant in the war of 1812. He 
 was a merchant in early life, and pursued that business many years in West- 
 field, and was for a time interested in the manufacture of leather. He made 
 a profession of religion at the age of 15, and was thenceforward a faithful 
 laborer in the cause of his Master. He was regular in the observance of the 
 39 
 
6lO HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 appointments of the church, and actively cooperated in every good work, 
 especially in the cause of sabbath schools. In the summer of 1833, he 
 superintended four, and in 1834 five, sabbath schools in the hill country in 
 this town. In the summer of 1834, he changed his relation from the Baptist 
 to the Presbyterian Church. He died in Westfield, July 31, 1873, aged 88 
 years. 
 
 William Sexton, born April 11, 1796, came from Manchester, Vt., to 
 Westfield in 1817, and has resided here to the present time. He bought 
 land in Ripley, and was engaged for several years in farming, and in running 
 a saw-mill in Westfield. He was for many years a constable and collector, 
 and afterwards supervisor. He was sheriff of the county for 3 years, from 
 January, 1834; and for about 20 years a justice of the peace. He had 4 
 sons, of whom George and Charles both died at 23. William, who married 
 Lydia Starr, and Edwin, who married Jennett Averill ; both reside in the 
 village. He had 2 daughters : Electa, widow of Edgar A. Robbins ; and 
 Mary S., widow of Hon. Henry A. Prendergast. Mrs. Sexton died in 
 May, 1875. 
 
 Herman Sixbey was bom in Montgomery county, Sept. 8, 1838, and re- 
 moved with his parents to Michigan, about the year 1839, where his father 
 died. The family soon after removed to Chautauqua county, Herman being 
 about 6 years old. He served as clerk in the store of Miller, Coolcy & Mor- 
 ris in Sherman. At the age of 18, he went to Westfield, and was for several 
 years a clerk in the store of Jared R. Babcock. In i860, he engaged in trade 
 on his own account. In 1862, he enlisted in the 112th regiment, company E, 
 of N. Y. volunteers, as a private, and was promoted to the offices of sergeant 
 and I St lieutenant At the explosion of the mine in front of Petersburg, 
 Va., July 30, 1864, under Gen. Burnside, Lieut. Sixbey fell in the engage- 
 ment, his face shattered by a bullet. He was disabled from further service : 
 conveyed to the hospital, and received his discharge, Feb. 8, 1865. He was 
 in 1866 appointed assistant assessor of the United States internal revenue, 
 which office he subsequently resigned. In 1873, he was elected county clerk, 
 which office he still holds. He was married, Aug. 3, 1863, to Mary Ann, 
 daughter of Edwin Buck, of Westfield, and has had 4 children, of whom De 
 Witt and Mary Adelia are living. Mr. Sixbe/s father, Charles Sixbey, was 
 of Holland descent ; the ancestors of his mother were from England, and 
 were among the early settiers of Massachusetts. 
 
 Austin Smith was born at Lansing, Tompkins Co., N. Y. His father had 
 emigrated to that place the year before from Peekskill, N. Y. He was a farm- 
 er and had a large family of children. Austin early determined to procure a 
 classical education, and to study law. This he accomplished by his own ex- 
 ertions. He graduated at Hamilton College, in July, 1826, having taken the 
 second honor in his class, the salutatory address. He was employed the 
 same year as principal of Fredonia academy; being its first teacher, and 
 tliat being the first academy in the county. The school soon acquired a 
 high reputation, which it maintaine 1, almost uninterruptedly, until it was 
 
T/c;, 
 
 .JiU^/-Z'^ 
 
 o 
 
gtrO" 
 
WESTFIELD. 6ll 
 
 merged into the Normal school. Some of his students who have become 
 prominent men, were Douglass Houghton, since state geologist of Michigan ; 
 Judge Samuel Douglass, of Detroit ; Hon. Madison Bumell, of Jamestown ; 
 Judge Franklin Waite, of Wisconsin ; all of whom are duly noticed in other 
 parts of this history. Mr. Smith entered the office of Mullett & Crane as a 
 student, soon after he came to Fredonia, and pursued his law studies while 
 teaching. In February, 1830, he was admitted to practice in the common 
 pleas of Chautauqua county, and soon after in the supreme court. In April, 
 he removed to Westfield, and commenced practice as a partner of the late 
 Hon. Abram Dixon ; and he has continued in the practice of the law in that 
 place ever since. He is the oldest member of the bar of this county now 
 living, except Hon. Abner Hazeltine, of Jamestown. 
 
 In 1850, he was elected a member of assembly, and reelected in 1851. 
 In 185J, he was a member of the judiciary committee; and, in 1852, 
 he was chairman of the committee of ways and means. In 1839, he was 
 appointed, by Gov. Seward, surrogate of Chautauqua county ; but the senate, 
 a majority of its members being of the democratic party, did not concur in 
 the appointment. In 1840, he was reappointed, and held the office four 
 years. On recommendation of Secretary Chase, he was appointed, in 1853, 
 examining agent of the treasury department for South Carolina and Florida ; 
 and afterwards tax commissioner of Florida, etc. In 1828, Mr. Smith was 
 married to Sarah A. McMahan, daughter of Col. James McMahan, whose 
 name is oonspicuous in this history. 
 
 Silas Spencer was bom in Windham Co., Conn., Dec. 16, 1788. After 
 a residence in Ogdensburgh, N. Y., he came to Westfield, in December, 1817, 
 where he settled as a physician, and where he still resides, at the age of 87 
 years. He was married to Harriet Goodrich, daughter of Gideon Goodrich, 
 of Ripley, and had six children, two sons and four daughters, of whom the 
 following are living : John, a physician in Westfield ; Mary, wife of Butler 
 G. Noble, employed in the New York custom-house; and Sarah, wife of 
 Rev. Henry W. Beers, of Ogdensburgh. Dr. Silas Spencer served in the 
 war of 1812, and receives a pension for such service. 
 
 John Spencer, son of Dr. Silas Spencer, was born May 3, 1821, in the 
 village of Westfield, where he still resides. He spent the year 1838 in trav- 
 eling, treating deformities of the feet and limbs, witli a surgical apparatus, 
 for which he had a patent. The last two years of his medical studies were 
 spent under the instructions of Doctors Delamater and Ackley, of Cleveland, 
 Ohio, where he completed his medical education, graduating from Cleveland 
 Medical College, in 1842. He soon after commenced the practice of his 
 profession in Westfield, paying more particularly his attention to surgery. In 
 1843, he was elected professor of surgery in Franklin Medical College, at St. 
 Charles, Illinois, in which his old instructor. Dr. Delamater, occupied the 
 chair of Practice. The college was soon after removed to Chicago, and re- 
 organized ; and a professorship proving far from remunerative, he resigned 
 the position, returned to Westfield, and resumed practice there. In 1861, 
 
6l2 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 he was appointed, by Gov. Morgan, examining surgeon for the gth regiment 
 of cavalry, which was organized and mustered into the United States service, 
 in Westfield. In the fall of that year, he was commissioned regimental sur- 
 geon of the 9th cavalry, with Dr. George Bennett, of Erie, Pa., as assistant- 
 surgeon. He was with McClellan during the early part of the campaign; but 
 for reason of continued ill health, he resigned his commission in the spring 
 of 1863. Dr. Spencer, from the competence which he has accumulated, has 
 contributed to the attractiveness of his native village, by building a fine resi- 
 dence and the " Spencer Block," in the second and third stories of which is 
 constructed " Virginia Hall," a fine and commodious audience room, named 
 after his daughter. He has been president of the village, and for a number 
 of years a member of the board of education of Westfield academy ; and 
 he has been United States examining surgeon for invalid pensioners, since 
 1865. He was married, in 1848, to Amelia Hillibert, only daughter of John 
 Hillibert, a merchant of Washington Co., N. Y., and has three children : 
 John H., an officer and stockholder in the National Bank of Warren, Pa. ; 
 William G, an assistant surgeon in the regular army of the United States, 
 commissioned in January, 1875, ordered to Nashville, Tenn., and is now post 
 surgeon at Lebanon Barracks, Kentucky ; and a daughter, Virginia, residing 
 with her parents in Westfield. 
 
 Philip L. Stephens, from Schoharie Co., N. Y., came, in 1809, and set- 
 tled in the north-east corner of Ripley, lot 2, on the lake road, farm lately 
 owned by James Nixon, now by Matthew Wallace. He removed, a \t\\ years 
 after, to the main road, in Westfield, near the west line, on the land now 
 owned by his sons, Hugh C. and Lanson P. In the year 1859, he removed 
 to the village of Westfield, where he died in 1861. He was a soldier in the 
 war of 1812. He was married to Elizabeth Hale, by whom he had 13 chil- 
 dren, all of whom but one reached mature age. Hugh C. married Jennett 
 Russell, and has a son, Walter, and a daughter, Jessie. Lanson P. married 
 Eunice Whitehill, and has 3 children, Elizabeth, Philip L., and George. 
 I'. L. Stephens married for his second wife Jane Cochran, who survives him, 
 and resides in Ripley. 
 
 Eber Stone was born in Guilford, Conn., Sept. 7, 1773; removed in 
 1797 or 1798 to Cortland Co., N. Y., and was married in 1800 to Betsey 
 Atwater. In the winter of 1813-14, with his wife, 5 sons and i daughter, 
 he came to Westfield, where a 6th son was born. Mr. Stone was for several 
 years engaged in the milling business, in partnership with Amos Atwater, 
 his brother-in-law. The mill stood on, or nearly on, the site of the present 
 Westfield Mill. Mrs. Stone died Oct. 3, 1841. Mr. Stone was an elder in 
 the Presbyterian Church, and died Nov. 2, 1845. On his way homeward 
 from a religious meeting in a very dark evening, he stepped from the high, 
 perpendicular bank of the Chautauqua creek, near the site of the present 
 bridge, and was killed. His children were : i. Austin, who married Harriet 
 Tinker, and' had two children. After her death, he married Maria Moore. 
 They live in Westfield, Wis. 2. Russell, who married Julia Ann Tower, 
 
7.1'. 
 
WESTFIELD. 613 
 
 Portland. They live in Fairwater, Wis. 3. Rhoda, who married Hiram 
 Couch, whose family is elsewhere noticed. 4. Lester, who married Julia 
 Bradley, daughter of Wm. Bradley, formerly of Westfield, who removed to 
 Broadhead, Wis., where he died. The children of Lester Stone are Lydia 
 W., who lives with her father ; Robert L., partner of his father in the woolen 
 manufacturing business ; Lavinia, a professional teacher ; and Julia M., at 
 home. 5. Asa A. died at Cincinnati, unmarried. 6. Amos M. removed to 
 Tennessee, thence to Texas, where he died. 7. Joshua, a physician, who 
 married Eliza, daughter of Charles J. J. Ingersoll, formerly editor of the 
 Westfield Messenger. 
 
 Hiram Tiffany came, in 1831, from Vermont to Mayville, where he es- 
 tablished himself in the manufacture of leather and boots and shoes. He 
 subsequently bought the tannery of Philip Lazell, in Stockton, and removed 
 to that town. About a year afterward he sold his establishment, and came 
 to Westfield, and built a tannery on the west side of the creek, where the 
 present tannery of Gardner & Wannenwiths is located, and which is still con- 
 ducted by them. Mr. Tiffany has two children. 
 
 Reuben Tinker was born in Chester, Hampden county, Mass., August 6, 
 1799. His father, although a farmer, was for thirty years the schoolmaster 
 at the center of the town, and did considerable business in the sale of books, 
 which revealed his taste for literature. His mother, whose maiden name was 
 Maria Bliss, of Springfield, Mass., was of a large and influential family, whose 
 record in the state will never be forgotten ; and being a devoted Christian, 
 she early " lent him to the Lord," and desired that God would so control and 
 modify the circumstances of his future life, that he should enter J:he sacred 
 ministry. At the age of 14, he found employment in his native town, which 
 he held four years ; after that, with the exception of one term in Westfield 
 (Mass.) academy, he was occupied at Winsted and Hartford, until he 
 reached his majority. During the last year of his apprenticeship, in a revi- 
 val at Hartford, he was hopefully converted ; and, under a controlling desire 
 to serve his new Master, as soon as the necessary arrangements could be 
 made, he entered the preparatory school at Amherst, and, in 1823, he entered 
 Amherst College, and graduated in 1827. During his college course, he 
 was sustained, almost entirely, by his own self-denying efforts. His penman- 
 ship was remarkably fine ; and he often turned his skill in this to his pecuni- 
 ary advantage. In October, 1827, he entered Auburn Seminary, and during 
 his three years' course, a constantly increasing desire to serve the Master in 
 a foreign field took possession of him, and culminated in his senior year, in 
 his offering himself to the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign 
 Missions, as a missionary to the heathen. His services were accepted ; and 
 although he had expressed a desire to be sent to Greece, he acquiesced in 
 the decision of the prudential committee, when they designated the Sandwich 
 Islands as his field of labor. In his seminary course he ranked high as a 
 scholar and a genius ; so that, when Tinker's turn came to deliver an 
 address or a sermon, all expected such a treat as none but Tinker could 
 
6l4 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 furnish. He clothed his thoughts in language peculiarly his own ; and his 
 fertile imagination enabled him to illustrate and enforce his utterances by 
 metaphors which only his genius could bring to his aid. These characteris- 
 tics of him may be best exhibited by an anecdote. One Sunday he occupied 
 the pulpit of the First Presbyterian Church in Erie, Pa. On Monday morn- 
 ing, the sermons of the sabbath were a general subject for conversation where 
 friends met. At a furnace, where a large number of men were employed, all 
 had something to say about the preacher and his sermons. At length one, a 
 veteran among them, and perhaps their oracle, ended the talk by saying : 
 " Shop-mates, I also will give my opinion. When God made that man, he 
 broke up the pattern." Mr. Tinker had seven children ; the first five of whom 
 were bom at the Sandwich Islands, i. Samuel Hubbard, who resides at 
 Westfield. 2. Joseph Emerson, a Presbyterian minister, now at Portville, 
 Cattaraugus Co. 3. Sarah Hills, married, and has a daughter. 4. Robert 
 Hall, a manufacturer of agricultural implements, at Rockford, 111. 5. Mary 
 Wood, who married Dr. Leon F. Harvey, and resides in Buffalo. 6. Abbie 
 Marina, who was bom April 18, 1841, on the Atlantic ocean, during the 
 voyage home; was married to Rev. Henry Pierson, now at Titusville Pa. 7. 
 Elizabeth, born at Madison, Ohio ; married Dr. George T. Moseley, and died 
 in March, 1871, at Titusville. 
 
 William Vorce came with his father, Jedediah Vorce, from Saratoga 
 county to EUery, in 1810. In 1850, he removed to Westfield, on the farm 
 on which Col. James McMahan first settled, subsequently owned by the 
 Johnstons, and where Mr. Vorce now resides. He was sheriff of the county 
 for the cQpstitutional term of three years, from January, 1858. He married 
 Caroline Leet, and had 3 sons : Hiram, the eldest, who married Mary Ann 
 McGinness, and was killed in the late war, at Petersburg, Va., January 28, 
 1864; La Fayette, another son, who died at Cleveland, O., in 1854. 
 
 Austin L. Wells was bom October 6, 1800, in Canada, during a briet 
 residence there of his parents. His father was a native of Brattleboro', Vt. 
 A. L. Wells went to Utica in 1810; thence to Erie Co., in 1824. In 1828, 
 he removed from Buffalo to Westfield, and worked there at the hatter's trade 
 for several years, part of the time in partnership with Daniel Rockwell, to 
 whom he sold his interest in 1839. He was four years a justice of the peace; 
 since which time he has been engaged in the insurance business. He was 
 married at South Wales, Erie Co., N. Y., to Fanny RusseU, daughter of John 
 Russell, and has a daughter, Harriet E., wife of James N. Matthews, one of 
 the proprietors of the Buffalo Commercial Advertiser. 
 
 Reuben Wright, a native of Connecticut, removed to Redfield, Oswego 
 Co., N. Y., and thence to Ohio. After a short residence there, he came to 
 Westfield, in 1814, and established the carding and cloth-dressing business 
 on the west side of the creek, near the present site of Rorig's mill and brew- 
 ery, which business he continued until 1829. He then bought a farm about 
 a mile east from the village, where he died in 1847 ; the farm now owned by 
 James O. Guile. A public house was for many years kept there by a son of 
 
c-^-f 
 
 \ ^/7M^ 
 
WESTFIELD. 615 
 
 Mr. Wright, and was distinguished as the " Drovers' Home." Reuben 
 Wright had 7 children, the first of whom died in infancy. The others, all 
 living and married, are Allen, who married Emily Persons, and resides in 
 Westfield ; Betsey, the wife of Thomas Knight ; Charlotte, wife of Edward 
 Bradley ; removed to Illinois, where he died, and where she still resides ; 
 Reuben G., who married Cora E. Pierce ; Franklin M., who married Eliza- 
 beth Royce, of Ripley ; and Martha, wife of Warren, removed to California 
 — all but two residing in Westfield. 
 
 Sherman Williams, son of Alexander Williams, of Glade, Warren Co., 
 Penn., was bom March 10, 1842, in Harmony, Chautauqua Co., where his 
 father then resided. He received an academic education at Westfield acad- 
 emy, where he was attending school when he enlisted, Sept. 28, 1861, in 
 company G, 49th regiment N. Y. S. volunteers, commanded by Capt. (after- 
 ward Col.) Jeremiah C. Drake. He served in the 49th regiment till Feb., 
 1864, participating in the siege of Yorktovvn, and in the battles of Williams- 
 burg, Mechanicsville, Garnett's Farm, Savage's Station, White Oak Swamp, 
 and Malvern Hill. On account of continued illness, brought on by exposure 
 in the swamps of the Chickahominy and in the field, he was unable to en- 
 dure the hardships of field duty, and was then transferred to the Veteran 
 Reserve Corps, and detailed as clerk, in the office of Gen. William Hayes, 
 provost marshal-general for the southern district of New York, and stationed 
 at New York city, where he was honorably discharged at the expiration of 
 his term of service. In 1865-66, he was cashier of the Western Union Tel- 
 egraph Company. He returned to Chautauqua, and was engaged in teaching 
 school. In the spring of 1869, he was elected collector of the town of 
 Westfield. In i87r,he was appointed under sheriff of the county, and held 
 the position three years. In November, 1869, he was elected treasurer of 
 the county. He is now serving his second term of three years, which will 
 expire at the close of the year 1875. 
 
 Churches. * 
 
 The Presbyterian Church of Westfield was formed in 1808, the Rev. John 
 Lindsley, a missionary, officiating on the occasion. This was the first organ- 
 ized church in the county. It was called the Chautauqua Church, being 
 then in the town of Chautauqua, which included the western part of the 
 county ; Pomfret having been formed in March of the same year and em- 
 bracing the remainder of the county. The church was Attached toi^e 
 Presbytery of Erie. Its early records having been lost, little of its early 
 history can be obtained. It seems to have begun early to decline, and con- 
 tinued to decline, until it had little more than a nominal existence. It ap- 
 ])ears, however, that, in 181 7, efforts were made for its revival. On the 25th 
 of June, was formed, in pursuance of a general law of the state, the " First 
 Presbyterian Society in the 4th township, 14th range, in the County of Chai^- 
 tauqua." Eber Stone, James Montgomery, Nathaniel Bird, David Higgins, 
 William M. Riddell, and Jonathan Harmon were elected trustees; Jonathan 
 
6l6 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 Cass, clerk ; Calvin E. Macomber, treasurer ; Fenn Deming, collector. The 
 members resided in Portland and Ripley. On the 7th of November, 1817, 
 a new organization of the church was effected. There was probably no 
 longer a regular session ; for we find in the minutes, that " a session was 
 formed, consisting of Rev. Johnston Eaton, Rev. Phineas Camp, James 
 Montgomery, and Thomas Robinson." In their minutes they refer to the 
 previous condition of the church, as having been "but poorly and irregularly 
 supplied with preaching," and " become worse than extinct," and add : "God 
 having lately, in a remarkable manner, revived his work within its bounds, it 
 was deemed expedient to examine into its state, and if found to have a real 
 existence, to correct and restore its discipline.'' The following is copied 
 from its minutes : " Having endeavored, after much deliberation on the sub- 
 ject, to correct its disorders in part, and rebuild the Presbyterian Church in 
 this place, we resolved to consider as united in church fellowship, the follow- 
 ing original members, they having been previously examined : James Mont- 
 gomery, Sarah Montgomery, Sarah McMahan, Eleanor Bell, Charlotte 
 Parker, Anna Andrews. Thirteen additional members were then admitted 
 on examination and certificate, namely: Martha Royce, Harriet Peck, Joel 
 Loomis, Jennet Stetson, Alexander Lowry, Judith Talcott, Eber Stone, Bet- 
 sey Stone, John Fay, John Gibson, Eleanor Gibson, Hannah Bird. Twenty- 
 fouf others were admitted on examination only. A meeting-house was built 
 in 1821 or 1822, on South Portage street, near the site of the present resi- 
 dence of Alfred Patterson. It was subsequently sold for a dwelling and re- 
 moved to Pearl street, near the residence of George W. Holt, its present 
 owner. The second church edifice was a brick structure on the site of the 
 present one; was erected in 1832, and burned in April, 1872. The present 
 church building was commenced in June, 1873, and completed in October, 
 1874, at a cost of $35,000. The trustees of the society at the time of its 
 erection, were Thomas D. Strong, Joseph H. Plumb, Henry C. Kingsbury, 
 James Johnston, Reuben G. Wright, and George W. Patterson. The trus- 
 tees of the society, at the time of its organization, June 23, 1817, were James 
 Montgomery, Eber Stone, Nathaniel Bird, David Higgins, Wm. M. Riddle, 
 and Jonathan Harmon. The settled ministers of the church, since its re- 
 organization in 181 7, were Phinehas Camp, Isaac Oakes, David D. Gregory, 
 Timothy M. Hopkins, Reuben Tinker, Charles F. Mussey, James P. Fisher, 
 R. S. Van Cleve, Sanford H. Smith, and Rufus S. Green, the present pastor. 
 The Baptist Church had its origin in a " Branch," so called, of the Baptist 
 Church of Portland. On the i6th of Sept., 1825, the members residing at 
 and in the vicinity of the Cross Roads, organized a " Branch of the Church 
 of Portland." It had the privilege of receiving and dismissing members, and 
 of exercising discipline, except in cases of great moment. At this meeting, 
 Joshua Tinker was chosen a deacon, and Joshua Tinker, Jr., clerk. Among 
 the members who united at the organization, were Joshua, Joshua, Jr., and 
 Henry F. Tinker, Harriet Tinker, Sally Sexton, and soon after, David and 
 Persis Hall, and others. Charles La Hatt, minister of the church of Port- 
 
WESTFIELD. 617 
 
 land, presided at the meeting, and was for many years minister of both the 
 branch and the parent church. With a view to the organization of an inde- 
 pendent church, members of the branch, April 17, 1831, asked for a dismis- 
 sion from the parent church, and the request was granted. And on the loth 
 of May, 1 83 1, a council of delegates from neighborirfg churches declared it 
 expedient to receive the new church into fellowship. Those who joined in 
 the request were Joshua Tinker and Joshua, Jr., Andrew Cole, Benj. Jordan, 
 Gideon Peck, Abraham Burrows, Jonathan Brown, David Hall, Hazel Tup- 
 per, Wm. A. and Calvin F. Webster, Sheldon Palmer, Midwell Leach, Elias 
 Mallory, Br. Vredenburg, with the wives of some of them, and several other 
 females — in all, about 30. The Branch held meetings for a time in the 
 school-house in North Portage street ; afterwards hired a room in McClurg's 
 block, till a meeting-house was built. The house was repaired and enlarged 
 in 1867. Ministers who have supplied the church since La Hatt, were 
 Elders Blakesley, Boyington, Pixley, Rathbun, Keyes, Mills, Alallory, Drake, 
 Lyman Fisher, H. S. Westgate, and W. Dunbar, present pastor. 
 
 The organization of the First Baptist Society under the general statute of 
 the state, was not effected till January, 1855. The first trustees elected 
 were John Wilson, John R. Walker, and Austin Smith. 
 
 The Episcopal Church and Society of Westfiehi was incorporated in pur- 
 suance of the general law of the legislature. The certificate of incorporation 
 is dated Jan. 28, 1830. The title of the society is, " The Rector, Church 
 Wardens, and Vestrymen of St. Peter's Church in the town of Westfield." 
 At the first election of officers, Burban Brockway and Jonathan Cass were 
 elected church wardens, and Thomas B. Campbell, David Eason, Daniel 
 Rockwell, Harmon Patchin, Norman Kibbe, Joseph White, Jr., Carlton 
 Jones, and John McWhorter, vestrymen. Rufus Murray, rector, presided 
 at the meeting. In August, 183 1, by a vote of the society, the building of a 
 church edifice was authorized ; and Norman Kibbe, Augustin U. Baldwin, 
 and Daniel Rockwell were chosen a building committee. At a meeting of 
 the wardens and vestrymen, March 20, 1832, the building committee were 
 instructed to proceed to the erection of a church. The house was conse- 
 crated by Bishop Benjamin T. Onderdonk, Aug. 22, 1833. The first list of 
 names of communicants on the record contains the following ; but that they 
 all became such at the time of organization, does not apj>ear : Burban 
 Brockway, Augustin U. Baldwin, Daniel Rockwell, and their wives, Mrs. 
 McNeal, Norman Kibbe, Ira R. Bird, Royal O. Thayer, Jonathan Cass ; the 
 
 wives of David Eason, George Adams, Calvin Riimsey, and Talmadge, 
 
 and D. A. Richardson, Mrs. Mary West, Jane West, Mrs. Adeline Mann, 
 Louisa Hough. Rev. Rufus Murray was rector at the time of the organiza- 
 tion. His successors have been, Nathaniel Huse, 1836; Charles B. Stout, 
 1841; Charles Arey, 1847; Edmund Roberts, 1850; John B. Pradt, 1851 ; 
 Charles Haskell, 1853 ; Albert Wood, 1855 ; Francis Granger, 1859 ; Sidney 
 Wilbur, 1864; E. W. Hager, 1866; J. Wainwright Ray, 1868; J. W. V<Ai 
 Gantzhorne, Jan., 1872; J. S. Seibold, Nov., 1872; John A. Dooris, 1875. 
 
6l8 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 The Methodist Episcopal Church of Westfield had its origin in a class form- 
 ed in 182 1. It was composed of Brainard Spencer and wife, Joseph Clark 
 and Avife, Reuben Peck and wife, and others whose names are not recollected. 
 Of this class Reuben Peck was leader. Rev. Glezen Fillmore was presiding 
 elder. Rev. Mr. Hatton was preacher in charge, and Rev. Benjamin P. 
 Hill, assistant. The first meeting-house was built in 1830, on the west side 
 of the creek, where it is occupied as a dwelling-house. The second was 
 built in 1850 on Clinton street, near North Portage street, where it stands 
 unoccupied. Their third house was built in 1871 and 1872, on Main street. 
 In the plan of its construction and the comeliness of its appearance, it was 
 probably not surpassed by any church edifice then in the county. It is built 
 of brick, and cost about $30,600. 
 
 The First Universalist Church of Westfield was organized in 1833 at 
 Haight's Comers, Rev. Linus Payne officiating. Among the constituent 
 members were Larkin Harrington, John Nye, Ebenezer Patterson, Alvah 
 Adams, Ebenezer Poor, Fayette Dickson, with their wives, Hannah Hough- 
 ton, Lucretia Adams, Mrs. Betsey Bickford. Their church edifice was 
 erected in 1842. The first pastor was Nathaniel Stacy. 
 
 A German Lutheran Church was formed in the village of Westfield about 
 twelve years ago. It was reorganized in 1870, and called the '-Evangelical 
 Protestant Lutheran Church." Its meetings were for a time held in Mr. Ro- 
 rig's dwelling house and in the school-house on Union street. After its reor- 
 ganization, the society bought the school-house on Nettle Hill street, where 
 is now their stated place of worship. They are preparing to build a good 
 and commodious house of worship next year. The officers of the society 
 are : John Swartz, the chief or presiding officer ; August Rorig, Christoph 
 Nienkerchen, trustees; Andrew Wonnenwiths, secretary; Charles Lagerman, 
 treasurer. The present minister is William Fromm. 
 
 Methodist Episcopal Church at Howard's Corners. A class was formed 
 about 1837 or 1838, at a log school-house, near Isaac Porter's. The mem- 
 bers were : Rand Miles, [class leader,] Robert Hill, Alanson Jones, and 
 their wives, Rebecca Wheeler, Deborah Harmon. Nicholas Jones and wife, 
 and Laban Jones, joined soon after. The place of meeting was afterwards 
 fixed at Howard's Comers. The present meeting-house was built in 1852. 
 The minister' present at the formation of the class, is believed to have been 
 Darius Smith. 
 
SUPPLEMENT 
 
 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 CHAUTAUQUA ANTIQUITIES. 
 
 M. P. Chase, about the year 1867, residing in the town of Chautauqua, 
 on the hne of Harmony, near Stedman, while scraping dirt from the road 
 near his house, uncovered a large trench filled with human bones which were 
 much decayed. Their condition and rapid disintegration after exposure to 
 the air, and the fact that the ground had never been disturbed since the land 
 had been cleared by Mr. Chase's father, 47 years before, prove that the re- 
 mains had been there a long time. The trench appeared to be about 6 feet 
 wide and 10 or 12 feet long, and the number of persons buried seemed to be 
 about fifty. No weapons nor relics of any kind were seen ; but some char- 
 coal or cinders were mixed with the bones. The trench was about two miles 
 from Chautauqua lake, on a ridge of land, and appeared to have been orig- 
 inally about 3 feet deep. The skeletons were examined by a surgeon ; but 
 whether they were of white men or Indians was not determined. Although 
 there were indications in favor of both hypotheses, the preponderance of cir- 
 cumstantial evidence would .seem to favor the opinion that they were the 
 bones of white men. i. They were buried in trenches, a mode of burial not 
 practiced by the aborigines, who bury in mounds. 2. The absence of weap- 
 ons, pipes, and other articles which they bury with their dead, who expect to 
 need them on their hunting grounds in the spirit world. The editor of the 
 Journal, C. E. Bishop, who was present, having weighed the several circum- 
 stantial evidences, says : 
 
 "From our knowledge of early Indian warfare, we tnay assume, i. That 
 if they were murdered white men, the Indians did not bury them ; that was 
 no part of their custom. 2. If they were Indians killed by whites, the 
 whites did not bury them ; they were as indifferent to the sepulture of their 
 savage enemies as the red men were to that of the whites. 3. They were 
 either white men buried by whites, or red men buried by their brethren. 
 Their manner of burial, as before remarked, precludes the latter hypothesis. 
 The balance of the proof, then, goes to show that they were Europeans.raas- 
 sacred by Indians, and subsequently buried by white men." 
 
620 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 After mentioning two other circumstances, namely, the absence of hard, 
 lasting bones, and the small compass in which so many bones were found, 
 he says : 
 
 " Our theory is, that a party of Europeans, probably French, were waylaid 
 by the Indians, murdered, stripped of everything, in the woods near Chau- 
 tauqua lake, more than one hundred years ago ; that some months thereafter, 
 another party of whites, passing through, found these remains mutilated and 
 partially devoured by the beasts and birds, and, gathering up the larger bones 
 that remained, buried them decently. This would account for so many 
 large bones in so small a space. 
 
 " These circumstances and deductions confirm the accounts that we have 
 often heard of the passage of the French from Canada through to the Mis- 
 sissippi and Allegany, by the way of Chautauqua lake. True, history tells 
 us nothing of this route, nor of any battles that took place in this section : 
 but there is a good deal of unwritten history that was really enacted on this 
 continent a century since. 
 
 " If from further and more intelligent investigation our theory should be 
 overthrown, it would leave us to imagine some great Indian battle, the bones 
 being of its slain. But if that were so, where are the hatchets and the arrow 
 heads ?" 
 
 The late Samuel A. Brown, Esq., in a lecture before the students of the 
 Academy and the citizens of Jamestown, on the History of Ellicott, in 1843, 
 has the following : 
 
 " There are two Indian mounds in the town, filled with human bones ; one 
 at Dexterville, the other on the farm owned by Jehial Tiffany. At the latter 
 place are traces of a fortification. When these mounds were raised no trav- 
 eler can tell. Many of them in the western country are very large. The 
 forest trees on their summits — supposed by naturalists to be from 300 to 600 
 years old — are as large as the trees around. They must, therefore, be very 
 ancient. Lafitau, an ancient missionary and traveler, describes what is called 
 ' the feast of the dead, or the feast of souls.' He says : 
 
 "'The neighboring tribes are invited to be present, and to join in the 
 solemnities. At this time, all who have died since the last solemn occasion, 
 which is renewed every ten years among some tribes, are taken from their 
 graves ; and those who have been interred at a. distance from the village, are 
 diligently sought for, and brought to the great rendezvous of carcases. When 
 they are all convened, the dead bodies, or the dust of those which were quite 
 corrupted, are arranged in order in a place prepared for the purpose. Pres- 
 ents from the friends of the deceased, as well as from strangers, are also 
 deposited with the remains of the dead. After which the whole are covered 
 with entire new furs, and over them with bark, on which they throw wood 
 and earth. Without question,' says he, 'the opening of these tombs displays 
 one of the most striking scenes that can be conceived — this humbling por- 
 trait of human misery in death, which appears in a thousand various shapes 
 of horror in the several carcases. Some appear dry and withered ; others 
 have a sort of parchment on their bones. Some look as if they were baked 
 and smoked, without any appearance of rottenness ; some are just turning to 
 the point of putrefaction ; while others are all swarming with worms and 
 drowned in corruption. In this ceremony the savages offer, as presents to 
 the ^ta.d, whatever thiy value most highly. This custom, which is universal 
 among thc-m, arises from a rude notion of the immortality of the soul. When 
 
SUPPLEMENT. 621 
 
 the soul is separated from the body of their friends, they conceive that it 
 still continues to hover around it, and to require and take delight in the same 
 things in which it formerly was pleased.'" 
 
 The following notice of a relic of antiquity was given in the Fredonia 
 Censor of July 15, 1835 : 
 
 " We have in our possession an Indian tomahawk or hatchet of very rude 
 construction, which was taken a few days since from the heart of a white oak 
 saw log nearly 2)^ feet in diameter, with 182 grains from its place of deposit 
 to the outside of the log. ^ Its distance from the roots of the tree induce the 
 belief that it had been lying in the crotch of a sapling, which, as it grew, 
 inclosed it, probably not less than 200 years since it was left there, by one 
 of a warlike tribe of Indians, who inhabited this section of country at least 
 two centuries ago, as there are numerous indications in this town of fortifica- 
 tions upon which trees of the same size as the above are now growing. The 
 instrument ^l■as found while sawing the log at the mill of Solon Hall, at La 
 Grange in this county. The saw penetrated the iron about half an inch be- 
 fore the mill could be stopped, entirely ruining the saw." 
 
 INDIANS. 
 
 Of the eight remnants of Indian tribes residing in New York, five live 
 upon reservations guaranteed to them as proprietors in common, in the ces- 
 sions of aboriginal title; two occupy, in common, lands which they have 
 acquired by purchase or otherwise ; and one hold their lands as the individ- 
 ual property of families. The distribution of the tribes in Central and 
 Western New York, and their location by towns and counties, are as follows : 
 
 Allegany Reservation — chiefly of Senecas, lying in the towns of South 
 Valley, Cold Spring, Bucktooth, Great Valley and Carrollton, in Cattaraugus 
 county. This reservation extends about 35 miles along both sides of Alle- 
 gany river, is about a mile wide on an average, and contains about 42 square 
 miles, or 26,680 acres. The New York & Erie railroad runs through the 
 eastern portion of these lands to the Little Valley, from which point the 
 Atlantic cSr Great Western railroad continues westward down the valley. 
 Several tracts of land have been leased by the chiefs for depots, village lots, 
 and other purposes. The business of rafting lumber upon the river, in which 
 many engage, is thought to retard improvement, by exposing them to the 
 corrupting examples of whites of low character. The religious society of 
 Friends has taken much interest in these and other Indians of the state ; 
 and they have a boarding school on a farm adjoining this reservation, at 
 which the native children are received. Population in 1865, 825. 
 
 Cattaraugus Reservation lies along Cattaraugus creek, in the town of Per- 
 rysburgh, Cattaraugus county; Collins, Erie county, and Hanover, Chautauqua 
 county, and comprises 21,680 acres of fertile land, a considerable part under 
 improvement. Many of the dwellings are commodious, and the premises 
 
622 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 around indicate thrift, industry, and comfort. A council-house was built, a 
 few years ago, by the Indian mechanics, at a cost to their nation of $2,500. 
 On the reservation are a Baptist, a Congregational, and a Methodist Episco- 
 pal church, with a total value of $6,610, capable of seating 1,100 persons. 
 Number usually attending, 440 ; communicants, 290; salaries of clergy, $800. 
 These Indians have an orphan asylum for destitute children, conducted ef- 
 ficiently and with economy. They have also an agricultural society, sustain- 
 ed upon the reservation, and composed of members from various tribes. The 
 population in 1865, was 1,347. , 
 
 The Cayugas have no reservation left ; and those that have not removed 
 west of the Mississippi river chiefly reside at Cattaraugus. In 1865, the 
 number drawing annuities was 33 men, 31 women, and 70 children ; and the 
 amount received was $1,093.50. The Cayugas living west, receive from the 
 state annuities from the sale of their reservation, amounting to about $1,125. 
 
 The Oncidas reside on farms owned by families, in Lenox, Madison coun- 
 ty, and Vernon, Oneida county. A majority of these Indians belong to the 
 Methodist denomination. The Oneidas who emigrated about 30 years since, 
 chiefly reside in Brown county, Wisconsin, where nearly 800 of them now 
 live. The Oneidas remaining numbered 155, in 1865. 
 
 Onondaga Reservation lies in the towns of Fayette and Onondaga, Onon- 
 daga county. There are two small churches, supported by the Methodist 
 Episcopal and Wesleyan Methodist denominations respectively, and a school 
 supported by the state. The people are divided into Christian and Pagan 
 parties ; the former preferring a division of the common lands, while the 
 latter would have affairs continue in the way of their forefathers, under the 
 direction of their chiefs. About two-thirds of their lands are leased to the 
 whites. But litrie is raised by the Indians beyond that raised for their own 
 use. But one mechanic — a shoemaker — is found among them ; and the only 
 industrial products sold consist of baskets and beadwork, and these in very 
 limited quantities. But few adults can read and write ; but many of the 
 children attend the state school, and are making fair progress in learning. 
 The annuities of the Onondagas on the Onondaga reservation, amount to 
 $1,150, and those to other Onondagas residing on other reservations, vary 
 from year to year. In 1865, they amounted to $887. The aggregate of each 
 class in that year, was, on the Onondaga reservation, 150 men and 152 
 women ; on the other reservations, 39 men, 41 women, and 92 children. In 
 1865, the population on this reservation numbered 360. 
 
 Tonawanda Reservation originally embraced 71 square miles, or 45,440 
 acres, as surveyed in 1799. It lies in the present towns of Pembroke und 
 Alabama, Genesee county; Newstead, Erie county, and Royalton, Niagara 
 county. The lands are held in common, although the cultivated portions are 
 regarded among themselves as private property. The timber lands are under 
 the care of their chiefs ; and any member of the tribe may cut wood on any 
 part for his own use, but not for sale. The occupations were reported as 74 
 farmers, 24 laborers, 3 gardeners, 3 axe-helve makers, and 2 carpenters. It 
 
SUPPLEMENT. 623 
 
 was remirked that many of the women were better farmers than the men at 
 planting corn and hoeing ; and many of them work for the whites at the same 
 prices as the men. The marriage relation is very lax, and very few were 
 legally married. A few were, however, legally married, settled down, and 
 were doing well. The naming of children is mentioned as opposing a difficul- 
 ty in taking a census. A woman, after bearing children to a husband, will 
 name them after the grandfather and others, but not so much as formerly. 
 There was reported on this reservation, one Baptist church worth $500, capa- 
 ble of seating 200; usual attendance, 100; communicants, 40; salary of 
 clergy, $200. In 1865, population, 509. 
 
 Tiiscarora Reservation, in Lewiston, Niagara county. The lands of these 
 people were in part purchased by the Tuscaroras, with moneys raised from 
 the sale of lands anciently held by them in the state of North Carolina, 
 whence they emigrated about 1712. The remainder was a gift from the 
 Senecas and from the Holland Land Company. The entire tract contains 
 6,249 acres of land, which is mostly of an excellent quality. A Methodist 
 and a Baptist church are maintained on this tract. They have a library antl 
 an association for mutual improvement. Population in 1865, 370. 
 
 Whether the remnants of these and other Indian tribes can be saved in 
 their native state, is a question of no slight importance. It is extensively 
 believed, that, surrounded by civilized life, their primitive condition can not 
 be permanently maintained, and that they are destined to the fate of many 
 of our aboriginal races. The general government has at present jurisdiction 
 over all the Indian races in the United States. But while it is the adminis- 
 trator of their civil affairs, should it not also aim at their elevation to the 
 rights and privileges of American citizens ? It may be asked : Is this pos- 
 sible ? For this'a Christian civilization is indispensable. Where the mission- 
 aries have introduced the Bible and the precepts of Christianity, the arts of 
 husbandry and domestic life are constantly advancing. Schools have been 
 established ; a knowledge of the English language is acquired ; and churches 
 have been formed. These results are seen, on the border of our owncounty, 
 in the improved condition of the inhabitants of the Cattaraugus reservation. 
 Their moral improvement, which is regarded as indispensable to their being 
 fitted for the duties and responsibihties of citizenship, depends essentially 
 upon the enlightened and active benevolence of the public at large. 
 
 COLD SUMMER. 
 
 The "cold summer of 1816," though not confined to Chautauqua county, 
 is deemed worthy of record. The writer well remembers planting corn the 
 6th of June in a snow storm in the eastern part of the state, and can add 
 his testimony to that of thousands still living, who have declared it to be the 
 
624 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 coldest season they have ever known. The following account of it was pub- 
 lished in a Rochester paper about fifteen years ago. He thinks, however, 
 that the reality was hardly equal to the description • 
 
 "Persons are in the habit of speaking of the summer of 1816, as the 
 coldest ever known in America or Europe. Possessing some facts relative 
 to this subject, we give them to revive the recollections of such among us as 
 remember the year without a summer ; and to furnish correct information for 
 such as feel any interest in matters of this kind. We shall therefore give a 
 summary of each of the months of the year 1816, extracted in part from 
 ' Pierce on the Weather.' 
 
 "January was mild — so much so as to render fires almost needless in sit- 
 ting-rooms. December preceding was very cold. 
 
 " February was not very cold. With the exception of a few days, it was 
 mild, like its predecessor. 
 
 " March was cold and boisterous, the first half of it ; the remainder was 
 mild. 
 
 "April began warm, and grew colder as the month advanced, and ended 
 with snow and ice, with a temperature more like winter than spring. 
 
 " May was more remarkable for frowns than smiles. Buds and fruits were 
 frozen ; ice formed half an inch in thickness, corn was killed ; and the fields 
 were again and again replanted, until deemed too late. 
 
 " June was the coldest ever known in this latitude. Frost and ice and 
 snow were common. Almost every green herb was killed ; fruit nearly all 
 destroyed. Snow fell to the depth of ten inches in Vermont and in Maine ; 
 three inches in the interior of New York. It fell also in Massachusetts. 
 
 " July was accompanied by frost and ice. On the morning after the 4th, 
 ice formed of the thickness of a common window glass, throughout New 
 England, New York, and some parts of Pennsylvania. Indian corn was 
 n'.' iriy ail killed ; some favorably situated fields escaped. This was true of 
 some of the hills of Massachusetts. 
 
 "August was more cheerless, if possible, than the summer months already 
 passed. Ice was formed half an inch in thickness. Indian corn was so 
 frozen, Uiat the greater part of it was cut down and dried for fodder. Almost 
 every green thing was destroyed in this country and Europe. Papers from 
 England said, ' It will ever be remembered by the present generation, that 
 the year 1816 was a year in which there was no summer.' Very little corn 
 in the New England and Middle states ripened ; farmers supplied themselves 
 from the corn produced in 1815 for seed in the sprirrg of 1S17. It sold for 
 $4 to $5 a bushel. 
 
 " September furnished about two weeks of the mildest weather of the 
 season. Soon after the middle, it became very cold and frosty; ice forming 
 a quarter of an inch in thickness. 
 
 " October produced more than its usual share of cold weather ; frost and 
 ice common. 
 
 " November was cold and blustering ; snow fell so as to make sleighing. 
 
 " Decejiiber was mild and comfortable. 
 
 " Very little vegetation matured in the Eastern and Middle states. The 
 sun's rays seemed to be destitute of heat throughout the summer ; all nature 
 was clad in a sable hue ; and men exhibited no little anxiety concerning the 
 future of this life." 
 
SUPPLEMENT. 625 
 
 ARKWRIGHT. 
 
 William Wilcox, son of Aaron Wilcox, whose early settlement is elsewhere 
 noticed, [p. 221,] came to this county with his father, in 1809. A brief 
 notice of Mr. Wilcox, accompanied by a portrait, will be found on page 227. 
 The family sketch which ought to have been there inserted, was inadvertent- 
 ly omitted, and -is here supplied. Mr. Wilcox had 10 children : Eliza C, 
 Marcus B., Lucy B., Edson I. and Emily J., twins; Walter R., Mahala C, 
 Mila C, Marietta P., and William H. H., all of whom grew up to manhood 
 and womanhood on the farm, except Mahala and Mila, who died at the ages 
 of two and seven years. Esther S., wife of William Wilcox, died July 7, 
 1851. Mr. W., in 1863, disposed of his farm to his son Walter R., who, 
 after two years, sold it and removed to Fredonia, his father residing with him 
 until the time of his death, October 14, 1867. 
 
 CARROLL. 
 
 In noticing the early settlement of Carroll, on page 242, no person is 
 named as being known to have been the first settler in this town. From in- 
 formation lately received, it may be positively stated, that John Frew was the 
 pioneer settler of township i, range 10, on the west side of the Connewango. 
 In a letter received from Judge Foote is the following statement : 
 
 "John Frew and Thomas Russell, (second son of John,) had examined 
 land on the east side of the Connewango, at the mouth of what is now Frew's 
 run, and were pleased with the land, splendid pine timber, and beautiful 
 spring brook abounding with speckled trout. They made up their minds to 
 purchase the land for farms and for the erection of mills. Robert Russell, 
 the eldest son of John, was pleased with the land on Kiantone creek, on the 
 west side of the Connewango, now the west part of A. T. Prendergast's farm. 
 
 " In the spring of 1809, there being not a settler on the east side of the 
 Connewango, in tp. i, r. 10, John Frew and Robert Russell, each with a pack 
 on his back, and a blanket and dried venison, started on foot for Batavia 
 to buy the land they desired. They followed an Indian trail up the Conne- 
 wango, by Kennedy's mill, over the highlands to Cattaraugus falls ; thence, 
 still by Indian trail, to the oak openings east of Buffalo, and thence to Bata- 
 via, camping out nights. Tired and hungry, they pulled up leeks, young and 
 tender, and ate them with their jerked meat and dry bread. Those who 
 know the peculiarities of Mr. Ellicott, will not wonder at the dialogue be- 
 tween the parties in the land office. In making known their object, Mr.. 
 Ellicott smelled their leeky breath, and said : ' You stinking cattle, go out 
 and vomit up your filth.' Being told that Russell was a millwright, he said : 
 ' You don't look as if you could make a hog-trough.' He soon got over his 
 ill-humor, and gave respectful attention to his customers. John Frew bought 
 for himself and Thomas Russell, lot 61 and the west half of 53, at $2.25 per 
 acre. Robert Russell bought a part of lot 57, on Kiantone creek, now in 
 the town of Kiantone, and soon built a house on the south shore of the creek, 
 at the foot of the hill, nearly opposite the present brick house of Alex. T. 
 Prendergast. He afterwards built a saw-mill, which he finally sold to Judge 
 Prendergast." 
 40 
 
626 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 John Frew and Thomas Russell, it is said, soon commenced chopping and 
 clearing, and -built a log cabin, and, in the spring following, put in crops. 
 They were both unmarried, and had their bread baked, and their cooking, in 
 part, done at their old home in Pennsylvania. In the spring of 1811, they 
 had their first saw-mill in operation, and ran boards that year to Pittsburgh. 
 
 First Methodist Episcopal Church at Frewsburgh. — The date of the organ- 
 ization of this church can not be given. The society, properly so called, re- 
 quired by the statute of the state, was organized Jan. 21, 1843, Rev. Moses 
 Hill, preacher in charge, presiding, and Alexander Ross, George Bartlit, and 
 A. J. Fuller were chosen trustees. A class, which may be properly consider- 
 ed as the nucleus of a church, probably existed several years before the 
 formation of the society, as such. The church was at first attached to the 
 Jamestown circuit ; Revs. Moses Hill and Daniel Pritchard, preachers in 
 charge. They were followed by Prof G. W. Clark, from Meadville college, 
 Revs. A. M. Reed and H. W. Beers. The church at the time of its 
 organization is said to have consisted of Edmund White, Alexander Ross, A. 
 J. Fuller, and their wives, George Bartlit, Mrs. Sybil French, and Mrs. Elsie 
 Fenton, mother of Senator Fenton, who retained her membership till her 
 deatli,, about a year ago ; and a few weeks after the organization, Mrs. Caro- 
 line P. Eaton joined, the only member living of those who then composed the 
 church. George Bartlit was chosen class-leader, and held that position many 
 years, until he removed to Michigan. In 1844, a church edifice was erected 
 on a lot presented by the late James Hall, an early settler. In 1868, a ves- 
 tibule and a steeple were added, and the inside finished in modem style. 
 Late preachers were Rev. F. A. Archibald, Dr. Reno, and the present 
 preacher, Rev. J. F. Stocker. 
 
 [The historical sketch of the Congregational Church at JVewsburgh, long 
 promised, has not been received.] 
 
 CHAUTAUQUA. 
 
 LowRY Families. — ^As these families were among the early and prominent 
 settlers in Erie county. Pa., and as several of them removed to this county, 
 where some of their descendants still remain, a sketch of them is here given. 
 
 George Lowry, of Scotch descent, was bom in the north of Ireland, coun- 
 ty of Down, where he died, April -4, 1770. He had to sons, all living at 
 the time of his death, the youngest about 18 months old; his first born, a 
 daughter, having died in childhood. The names of the sons were Samuel, 
 Hugh, John, Robert, James, Andrew, William, George, Alexander, and Mor- 
 row. Samuel and Hugh came to America, exploring for the family, in 1774. 
 Hugh returned to report ; Samuel remained, and settled in Columbia Co., 
 Pa., where he died in 1826. The mother, Margaret Lowry, and her sons 
 determined to emigrate to the land of freedom, and settle together. They 
 had perpetual leases of land, for which they paid an annual rent of $1.50 per 
 acre. They left James and William to sell their leases ; and the mother and 
 
SUPPLEMENT. 627 
 
 seven sons embarked at Belfast, for the state of Delaware, May i, i776,\and 
 landed at Wilmington, July 5, 1776. William came in 1787, and James m 
 1788. The mother and her ten sons settled near each other, in Northum- 
 berland Co., Pa. Some of the brothers removed to other places in the 
 vicinity, and were married. Hugh, after his return from Ireland, settled in 
 Union county; had a large family, and died there in 1828. 
 
 In 1794, the mother and her sons purposed to remove to some new coun- 
 try, where they could form a colony and live on contiguous lands. Having 
 seen advertisements offering to settlers cheap lands, on the shore of Lake 
 Erie, they formed a compact, and appointed James and George to go and 
 explore and report. In the spring of 1795, they went through the wilderness 
 to Lake Erie, and down to Sixteen Mile creek, and concluded to locate 
 , there. The land had been offered by the state to settlers, in tracts of 400 
 acres. They made a measuring cord of bark, and measured off a number of 
 400 acre tracts, and, in each tract, built a shanty; and thay procured, in be- 
 half of the Lowry's colony, from Gen. Rees, agent of the state, certificates of 
 thirteen tracts, at and about Sixteen Mile creek. James and George return- 
 ed in the fall and made their report ; and all were pleased. They numbered 
 these tracts, and drew lots for them. In March, 1796, the colony, consisting 
 of eight brothers, John, Robert, James, Andrew, William, George, Alexander, 
 and Morrow, and four other men, left Northumberland for what they con- 
 sidered the " land of promise.'' The history of their journey is a very in- 
 teresting one ; and only the want of room forbids its insertion. The fore- 
 going facts are taken from a letter written many years ago by Morrow Lowry 
 to Judge Foote. 
 
 The Lowrys were of the number who suffered from the insecurity of land 
 titles in Western Pennsylvania. Although the people on this side of the 
 state line were not affected by these troubles, they sympathized deeply with 
 their pioneer neighbors on the other side of the line. And as it is presumed few 
 of our present citizens are familiar with this portion of early history in our 
 vicinity, a few of the leading facts will be here presented. About the time 
 the letter of Morrow Lowry was written, his nephew, James B. Lowry, wrote 
 to Judge Foote, the following : 
 
 " In the year 1792, the state of Pennsylvania passed an act to encourage 
 the settlement of her wild lands, north and west of the Allegany river, offer- 
 ing 400 acres to every actual settler who should settle on, and reside on and 
 improve the same for five years, and pay 20 cents per acre. In consequence 
 of this inducement, the Lowry family, with a number of others, emigrated 
 to the then wilderness. They found no settlement in Western Pennsylvania; 
 there was a fort at Erie, but there were no mills, roads, or anything that per- 
 tained to civilization on the south, nearer than Pittsburgh ; in Canada there 
 were settlers at Fort Erie ; in New York were some as far west as Utica. 
 
 "About the time the Lowrys settled in Erie county. Pa., they were met by 
 emigrants from the East employed by the Population Company to settle the 
 triangle. Between them and the settlers from the interior of Pennsylvania, 
 there was a continual warfare or strife ; and mob-law prevailed to a consider- 
 able extent for some years. In the meantime, the Population Company 
 
628 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 commenced suits against the settlers, who had to attend courts at Philadelphia 
 and Pittsburgh, until they were worn out, impoverished, and disheartened. 
 They were driven from the homes they had acquired by unheard of priva- 
 tions and suffering, and which had cost them the best part of their lives. 
 Poor, discouraged, broken down in body and mind, they had to seek an 
 asylum under other laws, or where the laws were administered with more 
 justice." 
 
 It appears that the Lowrys bought their lands of the state of Pennsylvania. 
 But the writer last mentioned says settlers were sued by the Population Com- 
 pany. Of the relation between this company and the state, we are not in- 
 formed. It is presumed the company had purchased large quantities of land 
 from the state, and sold it to settlers. Robert Falconer, an early citizen of 
 Sugar Grove, Pa., and father of Patrick and William T. Falconer of this 
 county, in a public address delivered some forty or more years ago, the man- % 
 uscript of which is now in the hands of the writer of this history, says : 
 
 " No sooner wjfe the act passed than individuals and companies applied 
 for large bodies of land, paid the purchase money, and obtained warrants 
 authorizing surveys ; and then all they had to do was to put on a settler, and 
 get him to clear the necessary number of acres, and live upon the land five 
 years, to entitle them to a patent. For this service they, in most cases, 
 offered the settler a clear deed of loo acres, to include his house and clearing 
 his choice out of the tract ; in some instances more. The Holland Land 
 Company went into this scheme most largely. They built a store house at 
 Warren, and supplied some of their settlers with provisions, implements of 
 husbandry, and other goods, upon credit. The whole system operated to 
 disadvantage. With every exertion, but few settlers could be got. The 
 warrant-holders were bound to put a settler on every tract in two years. This 
 was impossible. Others then claimed the right of taking the land where no 
 settler was put on by the warrant-holder, on the plea of his right being for- 
 feited. 
 
 " Many persons went upon the lands in opposition to the warrantees, and 
 many who had contracted to settle under them determined to hold the whole 
 tract against them. The legislature appeared inclined to favor the settler 
 against the warrant-holder. Fortunately for the latter, the law of 1792, con- 
 tained a provision by which the forfeiture of the land was prevented. It 
 required the settlement to be effected within two years, unless prevented by the 
 enemies of the United States. A man was murdered by Indians on French 
 creek. The war of 1794 broke out ; St. Clair was defeated by the Indians ; 
 alarm extended over the country j and the United States courts decided that 
 this was a prevention which did away entirely with the obligation of settle- 
 ment. This contention had an injurious effect on emigration to Western 
 Pennsylvania. Actual settlers, when they found that they could not hold 
 the lands against the warrantee, moved off, exclaiming that there was no good 
 title for land to be had in Pennsylvania. And thus, thirty years ago, our 
 county presented the appearance of abandonment, many farms upon which 
 extensive improvements had been made, being deserted by their former oc- 
 cupants. Some, however, remained. Numbers had taken up lands where 
 no other warrants interfered ; improvements were carried on ; and population 
 began to increase. Robert Miles, in Sugar Grove ; John and Hugh Marsh 
 and John Russell, in Pine Grove; Gen. C. Irvine, the Andrewses, father and 
 sons, on Brokenstraw ; Daniel Jackson, at Warren, and many others, were 
 
SUPPLEMENT. 629 
 
 conspicuous among the first inhabitants of our county: and their descend- 
 ants are numerous among us." 
 
 The Indian murder alluded to by Mr. Falconer in a preceding page, is 
 probably that which was described in one of a series of numbers on the 
 " Early History of Erie County, Pennsylvania," pubhshed in the Erie Gazette, 
 in the winter of 1870-71. The writer says : 
 
 " The Indians continued their hostility until Wayne's victory in 1794. This 
 made the attempt at settlement by white people very dangerous : hence it 
 was of the utmost importance for the Population Company to establish the 
 guilt of the Indians in committing these murders. Adverse claimants located 
 on some spots, on the plea that the land was forfeited on non-corbpliance 
 with the law of settlement. These parties set up the plea that the Rutledges 
 were killed by white men as the instruments of the Company. This view 
 found many adherents ; and, even to this day, this theory is not entirely 
 eradicated from the minds of some." 
 
 The remains of the father were discovered near the place now known as 
 the Union Depot ; and near by the boy was lying in a dying condition, 
 having not only been shot, but scalped. As a direct result of the fatal 
 shooting of the Rutledges, the Population Company was never obliged to 
 make their settlements, and the law became a nullity. The few settlers there 
 were chiefly from other counties in that state. And some of them, unwilling 
 to hazard the trouble and expense of litigation, or the bestowal of labor upon 
 farms which they held by so precarious a tenure, left their lands, " crossed 
 the line," and selected homes in Chautauqua county. 
 
 Of the Lowry brothers, only two are believed to have removed to this 
 county. George came to Mayville in 1808. He raised a number of daugh- 
 ters and one son, James B., who was clerk of the county. George removed 
 to Illinois, where James resided, and died there. Morrow Lowry, father ot 
 Morrow B. Lowry, of Erie, Pa., came to Mayville in 181 1, and removed to 
 Pennsylvania in 1 813 or 18 14. Hugh W. Lowry, a son of another of the 
 ten brothers, bom in Pennsylvania, removed to Westfield, where he was 
 several years in the mercantile business, and returned to Pennsylvania, where 
 he died. Nathaniel A. Lowry, son of Alexander, one of the ten brothers, 
 settled in Jamestown. [See' history of Jamestown.] The mother of George 
 and Morrow Lowry died at Mayville in 1812. 
 
 Richard O. Green was born in Springfield, Otsego Co., March 6, 1799. 
 In 1833, he removed to Chautauqua, and resided at Mayville until he died, 
 March, 1865. He was by occupation a farmer. He was a commissioner of 
 loans for this county, associated with Daniel W. Douglass, of Fredonia. He 
 was a deputy in the county clerk's office, and was subsequently elected clerk. 
 
 George A. Green, brother of Richard O. and William Green, was bom in 
 Springfield, Otsego Co., October 18, 1802, and removed thence, in 1828, to 
 Mayville, and resided there until his death, in September, 1873. He studied 
 law with Thomas A. Osborne, Esq., at Mayville, and was admitted to prac- 
 tice in the courts of the state, which he did when his health permitted. He 
 held, for one term, the office of surrogate of Chautauqua county. 
 
630 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 Artemas Hearick, a native of Massachusetts, came from Chenango county 
 to Mayville, in 1809, where he resided about 25 years. He was early ap- 
 pointed an associate judge of the county court. He was married to Eleanor 
 Peck, and after her death, to Polly Olney, of Genesee Co. He had, by his 
 first wife, 9 children, 5 sons and 4 daughters. Of the sons, only two are 
 living: Bela, who resides in Indiana; and Thomas E., who married Sarah 
 Ann Boynton, and resides in Westfield, and has had no children. Ruby, a 
 daughter of Judge Hearick, the only one living, is the wife of Zalmon Tracy, 
 who died at Harbor Creek, Pa., where his widow resides. 
 
 William Smith, born at Barre, Mass., emigrated, in 1808, to Oneida Co., 
 N. Y., where he remained a few years, and removed to Chautauqua county, 
 and opened a law office in Mayville. He was appointed surrogate of the 
 county by Gov. De Witt Clinton, which office he held in 182 1, and to which 
 he was elected, under the constitution of 182 1, and in which he was con- 
 tinued, by reelections, till the close of 1840 — 19 years. He is said to have 
 possessed a reputation for moral worth and a firm adherence to principle. He 
 was one of the original proprietors of the Mayville Sentinel. He died in 
 May, i860. 
 
 DUNKIRK. 
 
 A notice of the Locomotive Works at Dunkirk not having been received 
 in season, a sketck, hastily prepared without sufficient knowledge of the con- 
 cern, was inserted in its proper place, in the historical sketch of Dunkirk, 
 [p. 306.] The following, subsequently prepared by one connected with the 
 establishment, is given here entire : 
 
 The Brooks Locomotive Works Company was organized under the general 
 manufacturing laws of the state of New York, on the 13th day of November, 
 1869, for the purpose of constructing locomotives, railroad cars, tools, ma- 
 chinery, etc. The capital stock was $350,000. The management of the 
 affairs of the corporation was vested in five trustees. The trustees for the 
 first year were H. G. Brooks, of Dunkirk ; M. L. Hinman, of Brooklyn ; M. 
 R. Simons, John H. Bacon, Jr., and Wm. O. Chapin, of the city of New 
 York. They chose for their executive officers, H. G. Brooks, president and 
 superintendent ; M. L. Hinman, secretary and treasurer ; and these officers 
 have been reelected each succeeding year. The buildings and grounds oc- 
 cupied by this corporation, belong to the Erie Railroad Company, from whom 
 they were leased, by Mr. H. G. Brooks, for ten years from October 29, 1869. 
 This lease, with all its rights, privileges, and franchises, was purchased from 
 Mr. Brooks by this corporation. 
 
 During the first year of their operations, 37 locomotives, 100 freight cars, 
 and considerable minor work, were turned out. During the second 
 twelve months, 43 new locomotives were completed, besides other work. 
 Steadily the business continued to increase, until it was found necessary to 
 increase the facilities for producing new work. At a meeting of the stock- 
 holders, it was voted to increase the capital stock to $500,000, and from the 
 
SUPPLEMENT. 63 1 
 
 proceeds of the sale of such stock, to procure additional machinery, tools, 
 and buildings, to meet the growing demand for locomotives. In 1873, less 
 than four years after commencement, locomotives constructed here were 
 being completed at the rate of eight per month. 
 
 Manufacturing business of all descriptions was in a flourishing condition 
 up to the commencement of the financial panic, in the autumn of 1873, when 
 manufacturing companies closely identified with railways, were badly affected ; 
 and a hasty curtailment of expenses and of the quantity of articles manufac- 
 tured, was necessary to arrest the great financial tornado, or to lessen its 
 effect. Although the corporation suffered heavy pecuniary losses, in addi- 
 tion to the shrinkage in value of material, its officers were not discouraged. 
 At the present time, November, 1875, they are employing one-half of their 
 entire force ; that is, giving daily employment to 275 men, while many other 
 locomotive works, throughout the United States, are closed for want of work. 
 Others are doing a small amount of business. 
 
 David Wright & Co. are extensively engaged in the lumber trade and the 
 manufacture of building material. Mr. Wright having secured ample grounds 
 for a yard, he commenced business, and in October, 1867, landed, as is be- 
 lieved, the first cargo of lumber brought into Dunkirk from Michigan. In 
 1868, he built a. planing-mill. In 1870, a Mr. Ryerson came in as a partner, 
 taking a third interest. A few days after, they took as a partner a Mr. Van- 
 devoort, in the manufacture of doors, sash and blinds. After about one year, 
 Mr. Wright bought out Ryerson, and a year later, Varfdevoort ; and soon 
 after took, as a partner, George N. Hauptman, a nephew, who resides at 
 East Saginaw, and who had been for several years employed to superintend 
 the cutting of logs, and the sawing and shipping of lumber, and still con- 
 tinues that business. Mr. Wright resides in Orange Co., ^f. Y., and attends 
 to the marketing of lumber and manufactures sent in that direction. Some 
 are sent to Pittsburgh, and to the Oil Country, and some are sold in Chau- 
 tauqua and other western counties. About 60 hands are employed in this 
 estabhshment, and its sales have been from $100,000 to $150,000 a year. 
 
 Vandevoort & Smith, in 187 1, erected a planing-mill, and established the 
 manufacture of doors, sash, and blinds, and the purchase and sale of lumber. 
 In 1874, a new firm was formed by O. Smith and Gates & Fay, of Bay City, 
 Mich., firm name, O. Smith & Co. They operate a planing-mill, and manu- 
 facture a variety of materials for buildings. Their manufactures are sold by 
 wholesale and retail ; and their sales extend to the New York and Pittsburgh 
 markets. They employ about 15 men; and their sales amount to about 
 $40,000 to $50,000 annually. 
 
 St. John's Church [Episcopal] of Dunkirk, was organized in 1850, under 
 Rev. Charles Arey. The names of the officers at the time of its organization 
 are not furnished, except that of Mr. Hanson A. Risley, one of the wardens. 
 ■ Present wardens are R. T. Coleman and C. D. Murray. The first rector was 
 Mr. Arey. His successors have been Wm. B. Edson, H. C. Eayre Coztelle, 
 P. P. Kidder, and C. B. Champlin, the present rector, who took charge in 
 
632 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 July, 1873. The first church edifice was consecrated by Rt. Rev. Samuel H. 
 Coskry, of Michigan, Jan. 22, 1859, date of construction not given. The 
 present building has been used for about eight years, though not yet com- 
 pleted. It is of brick, and valued at $14,000. 
 
 St Mary's Church [Roman Catholic] was organized by Rev. Peter Colgan, 
 the first minister, 185 1, in which year their first house of worship was erected. 
 
 St. John's German United Evangelical Church at Dunkirk was organized 
 in 1856, and in 1858 erected a house of worship. 
 
 The German Methodist Episcopal Church was organized by Rev. C. Blinn, 
 the first pastor, in 1857. Their church edifice was built in 1859. 
 
 There is also the First Methodist Episcopal Church of Dunkirk, no statis- 
 tics from which have been received. 
 
 Zion's Church [Evangelical Association] at Dunkirk, was organized with 
 15 members, by Rev. J. J. Bernhardt, the first pastor, in 1865, and built a 
 church edifice the same year. 
 
 ELLICOTT— JAMESTOWN. 
 
 To the biographical sketch of ex-Gov. Reuben E. Fenton, on p. 358, the 
 following should have been appended : 
 
 Mr. Fenton was married, in 1838, tp Jane, daughter of John Frew, who 
 was bom in 1820, and died in 1840. In 1844, he married Elizabeth, daugh- 
 ter of Joel Scudder, bom in Victor, Ontario Co., in 1824. They have three 
 children: i. Josephine, bom in Carroll, April 15, 1845, and lives with her 
 parents. 2. Jeannette, bom in Carroll, Nov. 2, 184-, and married, in June, 
 1870, to J. N. Hegeman, of New York city, where they now reside. They 
 have had three children, a son and daughter living, and an infant daughter 
 deceased. 3. Reuben Earle, bom in Jamestown, June 12, 1865, and lives 
 with his parents. 
 
 Corydon Hitchcock, son of Oliver Hitchcock, was bom in the town ot 
 Chautauqua, three miles south fi-om Mayville, west side of the lake, Sept. 16, 
 1823. In 1845, he removed to Ripley, and, in 1859, returned to Chautauqua. 
 In 1864, he removed to a farm in EUicott, where he resided nine years, and, 
 in 1873, removed to Jamestown, where he is a partner in the firm of Hitch- 
 cock & Wilson, wholesale dealers in lumber, and manufacturers of doors, 
 sash, and blinds, and other building materials. While engaged in farming, 
 he was for four years president of the Chautauqua County Agricultural 
 Society. In 1874, he was elected sheriff of the county, which office he now 
 holds. Mr. Hitchcock was married in July, 1843, to Ariette, daughter of 
 Wm. T. Howell, of Chautauqua, who died, March 7, 1844. September 22, 
 1846, he was married to Mariette, davighter of Daniel Trowbridge, then of 
 Ripley, who was bom December 19, 1825. They have two sons, James 
 Frank and Hemy C. 
 
 Nathaniel A. Lowry came to Jamestown'in 1833. His father was Alexan- 
 der Lowry, one of the ten brothers who emigrated fi-om Ireland, most of 
 
SUPPLEMENT. 633 
 
 whom were early settlers in Erie Co., Pa. [See Lowry Families, page 626.] 
 Nathaniel A. was for many years a merchant and a prominent citizen and 
 business man in Jamestown, and acquired a large property. In November, 
 1844, he was stabbed by an assailant with intent to kill, the wound being for 
 some time considered mortal. The perpetrator' of the deed was convicted, 
 and made to suffer the penalty of the law. Mr. Lowry was bom Oct. 22, 
 1805, and died Feb. 23, 1852. His sons, William H., Augustus N., and Al- 
 exander M., reside in Jamestown. 
 
 HANOVER. 
 
 Joseph G. Hopkins was born at Hartford, Conn., in 1808. His father, 
 Daniel Hopkins, was a druggist, and died at Hartford, in 1815, leaving nine 
 children. The oldest, William F., graduated at the military academy at 
 West Point, and was for many years professor of chemistry there, and after- 
 wards at the naval academy at Annapolis, Md., and died while United States 
 consul at Kingston, Jamaica. James E., another brother, a jeweler, died at 
 Cleveland, O. George was a merchant in Villenova, and a justice of the 
 peace. A sister, Mary A., married Herman Patchin, formerly of Westfield, 
 now of Rock River, O. Another sister, Julia A., was the wife of Col. Albert 
 H. Camp, of Forestville, where she stUl resides. Joseph G. came with his 
 mother to Westfield, in 1822. He was a clerk for Benj. Budlong, merchant, 
 in Jamestown, from 1828 to 1832. In 1833, he commenced trade for him- 
 self, in Villenova, in partnership with Albert H. Camp and Wm. Colvill, of 
 Forestville, they furnishing the capital, and he conducting the business, under 
 the firm name of J. G. Hopkins & Co., until about 1847, when the partner- 
 ship was dissolved, the business having been successful. Mr. Hopkins soon 
 after formed a partnership with Wm. Colvill, at Forestville, in the dry. goods 
 business, (Colvill & Hopkins,) and continued in business several years. He 
 then formed a partnership with two of his clerks, Norman B. Brown and Levi 
 J. Pierce, to whom, in 1864, he sold his interest, and retired from active 
 business with a handsome competency. Mr. Hopkins was married, April i, 
 1833, to Abigail W. Swift, of Jamestown, who died at Forestville about 1870. 
 He afterwards married Mrs. Permelia Phelps, widow of the late James H. 
 Phelps, of Forestville. He has a son living, Albert C, who is engaged ex- 
 tensively in lumbering, at Lockhaven, Pa.; and one daughter, Frances A., 
 wife of Levi J. Pierce, hardware merchant, of Forestville. Their daughter, 
 Ophelia, deceased, was the wife of Charles J. Swift, merchant, of Corry, Pa. 
 
 Samuel J. Smith, a native of Saratoga Co., settled in Hanover, in June, 1 8 1 1 , 
 about 2 miles north-east from Forestville, where he now resides. He was a 
 volunteer in the war of 18 12, and was a lieutenant under Capt. Martin B. 
 Tubbs, of this town. He was the first town clerk of Hanover, and held the 
 office many years, and was a highway commissioner about twenty-five years. 
 His first presidential vote was given for James Monroe and Daniel D. Tomp- 
 kins, for president and vice-president. He was married to Esther Miller, of 
 
634 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 Saratoga Co., and has three children living, one of whom is Newton Smith, 
 banker, at Forestville. 
 
 Richard Smith, from Smith's Mills, on Eighteen Mile creek, in Erie Co., 
 N. Y., came with his family to Hanover, about the year 1825, and for many 
 years held the office of justice of the peace at Forestville, and taught the 
 village school several terms. Before his removal from Erie Co., and while that 
 was a part of Niagara, he was an associate judge of Niagara Co. He was 
 married in January, 1807, to Elizabeth Mack, daughter of John Mack, the 
 early hotel-keeper at Cattaraugus Creek, [Irving.] His is said to have been 
 the first marriage in Hanover. He removed from this county to the West, 
 and died there. His oldest daughter married Dr. Marcius Simonds ; his 
 second daughter married Elijah Dewey, both prominent citizens of Forestville. 
 Mr. Smith was a man of good character, and a Presbyterian by profession. 
 
 The Chautatiqua Farmer was started — a small sheet — in Dunkirk, by John 
 M. Lake, printed at the office of the Advertiser &• Union, the ist of Jan., 
 1869. In September of that year, Mr. Lake bought scant material, and re- 
 moved the paper to Forestville. About the ist of February, 1870, the office 
 was purchased by A. G. Parkdr, fresh from the editorial chair of the Coopers- 
 town (N. Y.) Republican and Democrat. Shortly after his purchase, he sold 
 a partnership to Harvey I. Russell, from the above office, a practical printer, 
 the firm name becoming Parker & Russell; A. G. Parker, editor. Its circu- 
 lation, at that time, was 950. In February, 1871, Parker bought out Russell, 
 and immediately sold a half interest to Francis Hendricks, an employ^ 
 of the Dunkirk Journal o^z^, the firm name becoming Parker & Hendricks, 
 by whom the paper has since been managed. It has steadily increased in 
 importance and circulation, until it numbers upwards of 3,400 subscribers, 
 and has a commanding influence in the agricultural and local affairs of the 
 33d district of Western New York. Its staff includes Wright L. Patterson, 
 office assistant ; John A. Mixer, floral department ; James M. Beebe, apiary; 
 Dr. J. W. Pond, poultry; and many correspondents. 
 
 HARMONY. 
 
 Morris Norton, a native of Otsego Co., after short residences at Niagara 
 Falls and Buffalo, settled at Ashville, in July, 1833, where he still resides. 
 He has been most of the time a farmer. He has also held the office of jus- 
 tice of the peace, and done much at conveyancing, drafting instruments of 
 writing, etc. He has also been supervisor of Harmony, and county superin- 
 tendent of the poor. He married Olivia Kent, of Rome, N. Y., and had 6 
 daughters, all of whom attained maturity : Helen O., who was the wife of Dr. 
 Wm. P. Bemus, of Jamestown, and died March, 1874 ; Jennie, wife of Enoch 
 A. Curtis, of Fredonia; Therese M., wife of Wm. W. Partridge, who died 
 March, 1872; Gertrude N., who married Charles T. Douglass, Busti ; Ida 
 E., who died at 21 ; and Alice I., wife of Thomas H. Agnew, of Cambridge, 
 Pa. Jennie, Gertrude, and Alice, are living. 
 
1>^\^X> 
 
SUPPLEMENT. 635 
 
 Charles Parker, from Otsego Co., came to EUery; studied medicine with 
 Dr. Burroughs, of Mayville. He practiced there and in various other places 
 in the county, and now resides at Panama. He married Orlinda Sinclear, 
 by whom he had 4 children, of whom one died young. Charles, who died ot 
 disease contracted in the war ; Albert, who died in a southern state, in the 
 war; Daniel B., who was, for several years, mail agent, in Richmond, Va., 
 was a U. S. marshal ; and now resides in Brooklyn. Dr. Parker married, 
 for a second wife, Elizabeth Atherly, of Harmony, and had by her six 
 children. 
 
 Stephen W. Steward was bom in Busti, Dec. 30, 1812. His occupation, 
 during the greater portion of his life, was that of a farmer. In 1850, he re- 
 moved to Clymer, and engaged in the mercantile business, in which he con- 
 tinued many years. ■ He removed to Union City, Pa., where he remained 
 about a year, and removed, in 1865, to Corry, Pa., and engaged in the bank- 
 ing business. He was president of the First National Bank of Corry, and 
 president of the Oil Creek Railroad. He died December 18, 1867 ; being 
 one of the killed at the memorable railroad accident near Angola, in Erie 
 Co., N. Y. He was married Oct. 4, 1835, to Olive Dexter, and had by her 
 a daughter, Olive M. After the death of his first wife, he married, June 24, 
 1837, Caroline Stevens, by whom he had 4 children: William H., Dorlisca M., 
 Dudley M., and Richard P. They were all married, but one, as follows : 
 Olive was married to J. Sunday Murray ; William H., to Emeline S. Murray; 
 Dorlisca M., to F. E. Mulkie. Dudley M. died April 3, 1868. 
 
 POLAND. 
 
 William T. Falconer, son of Robert Falconer, of Sugar Grove, Pa., else- 
 where mentioned as a purchaser of property at Kennedy, Worksburg, and 
 Dexterville, came to Kennedy about the year 1850, and purchased his father's 
 interest in the mill property originally owned by Dri Kennedy. He still re- 
 sides at Kennedy, and owns the saw-mill and a large portion of the land. He 
 has for many years, and until recently, been engaged in the mercantile busi- 
 ness. He was married, in 1867, to Jennie Daily, of Brocton, and has two 
 children, Archie D. and Frank Miller. . 
 
 Varanus Page, from Vermont, settled in 1818, on lot 12, and removed, in 
 1842, to Pennsylvania, where he died. He had a number of sons, one of 
 whom, Varanus, resides at Kennedy, and is a justice of the peace. 
 
 The Baptist Church at Kennedy was organized in 1837. A meeting of 
 the brethren and sisters had been held at the house of S. Akerley, Jan. 30, 
 1836, to consult in regard to the organization of a Baptist church, which they 
 resolved to do. I. Gifford, S. Akerley, and John Miller were appointed a 
 committee to draft articles and a covenant, and to make arrangements to 
 secure preaching. On the 29th of June, 1837, a council met at the house 
 of S. Akerley; the articles and covenant being satisfactory, the church was 
 organized. The names of those who are supposed to have united at the 
 
636 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 time, are Samuel Akerley, Isaac Gifford, Asa and John Miller, Nancy and 
 Amanda Akerley, Elizabeth and Sally Miller, Ezekiel Randall, John C. Cady, 
 Ephraim Sawyer, Roxa L. Gifford, Sally Porter, Sylvia Holbrook, and Laura 
 Ann Foote — 15 members. Early ministers were B. Braman, B. C. Willough- 
 by, David Morse. Meetings were held at private residences and school- 
 hotises. The society was organized under the statute in 1853, but by neglect 
 it was permitted to lose its legal existence, and was reorganized in 1868, in 
 which year the church edifice was erected. 
 
 The Freewill Baptists have an organization at Kennedy, which is said to 
 be a branch of the Ellington Free-will Baptist church. Also the Episcopal 
 Methodists and Protestant Methodists have each a class and stated preaching. 
 
 Levant Wesleyan Church, [Wesleyan Methodist,] in the west part of the 
 town, was organized by Rev. Emory Jones, the first pastor, date of organi- 
 zation not given. The church edifice was erected in 1872. 
 
 POMFRET. 
 
 Benjamin F. Greene was born August 8, 1820, at Mayville, where his 
 father, Nathaniel Greene, from Herkimer Co., had previously settled. He 
 received his education in the district school and Fredonia academy. In 
 1842, he commenced the study of law with Francis H. Ruggles, and, while 
 there, he was admitted to the bar. In 1846 or 1847, he removed to the city 
 of Buffalo. In 1853, he was elected a judge of the supreme court, in the 
 eighth judicial district, and commenced his official term the first of January, 
 1854 ; and he died Aug. 7, i860, the day before he completed his 40th year, 
 and more than a year before the expiration of his term of office. His death 
 was appropriately noticed by the bar of Buffalo. As a judicial officer, he 
 was said " to have been a model. He was intelligent, capable, and honest ; 
 and, in his intercourse with his brethren and the bar, he was uniformly the 
 obliging and courteous gentleman : and his memory will be long cherished 
 by all our citizens who have known him.'' He was married, Sept. 20, 1853, 
 to Harriet, daughter of Jonathan Sprague. They had three children : 
 Nathaniel, who died at Red Wing, Minn., in April, 1863, aged eight years, 
 and was buried in Fredonia; Sprague, who died at 2% years; and Susan. 
 
 Isaac Higgins was bom in South-east, Putnam Co., N. Y., about the year 
 1797. He removed from Brookfield, Conn., in 1821, to Portland, and, about 
 1 83 1, to Pomfret; and thence, after about ten years, to Pennsylvania, where 
 he died about 1853. 
 
 Thomas L. Higgins, son of Isaac, was born Nov. 17, 1820; lived with his 
 father during the early part of his life ; received his education in the district 
 school and Fredonia academy. For some time he was a surveyor of govern- 
 ment lands in Northern Michigan. He was for several years a clerk, and 
 thereafter, for many years, in the lumber business, in Cattaraugus Co. ; and, 
 in 1858, he returned to Fredonia, where he still resides. He was married to 
 Rachel Watkins, of Clear Creek. They had five children : Charles A., who 
 
SUPPLEMENT. 637 
 
 was orderly of Col. Drake in the army of the Potomac ; and who subse- 
 quently went with Lieutenant Commander Cashing to China, in the naval 
 service, and returned on account of sickness, and died soon after his return ; 
 Henrietta Agnes, who died at 20 ; Phebe M., who died at 6 ; Thomas L., 
 Jr., who died at 8 ; and Lucy M. 
 
 Oscar W. Johnson was born in Otsego Co., N. Y., in 1823, and removed 
 with his parents to Hamburgh, Erie Co., in 1836; and thence to Pomfret, in 
 1838. He received his academic education at Fredonia academy in 1839, 
 '40, and '41. He studied law in Norwich, Chenango Co., with Col. John 
 Wait; commenced practice in Fredonia, in 185 1. He was appointed post- 
 master in 1852, the only official position he has held. He was married, in 
 1852, to Emily Murray, of Norwich, and has six daughters and three sons. 
 His oldest son is now in the junior class in Hamilton college. Mr. Johnson 
 has delivered many public lectures and addresses. He has given eight 
 annual addresses at Chautauqua agricultural fairs, and has delivered similar 
 addresses in Chenango county, and in Warren county, Pa. He has also 
 lectured before Teachers' Institutes in half of the counties in the state. For 
 his labors in the cause of education, he was honored with the degree of 
 Master of Arts at Hamilton College. On the organization of the Dunkirk, 
 Allegany Valley & Pittsburgh Railroad Company, he was made attorney of 
 the road, which office he still holds. 
 
 Willard McKinstry was born in Chicopee, Mass., May 9, 1815. He is of 
 Scotch-Irish descent, his ancestors having emigrated from Scotland, with the 
 Scotch protestants, to the north part of Ireland. His father, Perseus Mc- 
 Kinstry, was born in Chicopee, in 1772; married Grace Williams, in 1803; 
 was a tanner by trade, afterwards a farmer, and died in 1829. Willard was 
 the seventh of eleven children ; lived on the farm until his apprenticeship 
 commenced ; attended school summers until he was eleven, and winters until 
 he was sixteen. He commenced apprenticeship as a printer in the North- 
 ampton (Mass.) Courier office, in 1832. Beman Brockway, formerly of the 
 Mayville Sentinel^ and L. L. Pratt, late of the Fredonia Advertiser, were ap- 
 prentices with him. He served four years, and then pursued his trade as a 
 journeyman in New York, Hartford, and Springfield ; in the last place work- 
 ing the hand press for G. & C. Merriam, publishers of Webster's Dictionary. 
 In Nov., 1839, he came to Mayville, and worked a year for Brockway in 
 the Sentinel office, and six months in the Erie Observer office. In 1842, he 
 purchased the Fredonia Censor, which he has published nearly 34 years. He 
 was appointed postmaster in 1863, and commissioned by President Lincoln, 
 and reappointed, in 1867, by President Johnson. Having lived in four dif- 
 ferent states previously to his coming to Fredonia, and gained a residence in 
 neither, his first presidential vote was cast in 1844, for Henry Clay. He has 
 since voted for Gen. Taylor, Gen. Scott, John C. Fremont, Abraham Lin- 
 coln, and Gen. Grant. He joined the Congregational church in Chicopee, 
 in 1831, and the Presbyterian church in Fredonia, in 1847. He was married, 
 in 1843, to Maria A. Durlin, of Fredonia, and has four children; the oldest, 
 
638 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 Louis, having been a partner in the publication of the Censor since 1867 ; 
 and the second son, Willard D., publisher of the Dunkirk Journal, since 1872. 
 In February and March, 1865, Mr. McKinstry spent six weeks in the service 
 of the Christian Commission, in front of Petersburg, Va., at Alexandria, 
 and at Washington. In this service he was present at Hatcher's Run, and 
 assisted in taking care of the wounded. 
 
 David J. Matteson was bom in Arlington, Vt, September, 1791, and was 
 married to Apphia L. Walworth, December 15, 1813. He removed with his 
 family to Pomfret in 1821, where he became a wealthy and independent 
 farmer, and died Oct. 23, 1875. He had five children ; i. Frederick, who 
 married Sophrona, daughter of Gen. Elijah Risley; was a practicing lawyer, 
 a master in chancery, and special surrogate ; and is now engaged in horticul- 
 ture. 2. John C, who was a graduate of a medical college in Philadelphia, 
 was married to Anna Waud, and died at Dunkirk, May, 1868. 3. Clarissa 
 H., wife of Wm. H. Cutler, a lawyer, and for a time an editor, in Fredonia. 
 
 4. Eliza Ann, wife of Philander L. Woods, principal of the academy. Brook- 
 field, N. Y. ; removed to Canada, where he was a bookseller and stationer. 
 
 5. Helena W., who married Egbert W. Barkley, of Fredonia, who removed 
 to New York, and returned to Fredonia. He resides in Chicago ; she died 
 there, and her remains were buried in Fredonia. 
 
 William Moore, from Oneida county, in 1820, settled one mile south of 
 Fredonia, and about the year 1824, on the farm where he has since resided, 
 near Lapna. He is the owner of a large tract of land. Like some others 
 who commenced comparatively poor, he has been successful in his acquisi- 
 tions. He was married to Philura Rood, and has a son, George R., who 
 married Susan Goldthrait, and resides with his father ; and two daughters : 
 Ellen D., who resides with her parents'; and Hattie P., wife of R. Livingston 
 Newton, residing at Irving, and has two daughters, Minnie and Carrie. 
 
 Lorenzo Morris was bom at Smithfield, Madison Co., Aug. 14, 181 7. He 
 was the son of David Morris, a native of Otsego Co., who settled in the 
 town of Chautauqua, in 1829. Lorenzo received his education in the com- 
 mon school and Mayville academy; studied law with Hon. Thomas A. Os- 
 borne ; and was admitted to practice in 1841, and has been a justice of ses- 
 sions. In 1839, he was commissioned colonel, by Gov. Seward. In 1867, 
 he was elected senator; and, in 1872, he was appointed by Gov. Hoffman 
 one of the commissioners to propose amendments to the constitution. He 
 was also postmaster at Fredonia from 1855 to 1861. He was married in 
 1843, to Fanny E., daughter of Walter Strong, of the town of Westfield. 
 He has three children : Ellen M., wife of John S. Russell, a partner in law 
 with Mr. Morris ; Clara A. ; and Walter D. 
 
 Leverett Todd, from Waterbury, Conn., settled in Pomfret, on lot 45, 
 bought in 1818. He married Charlotte Woods, by whom he had two sons 
 and a daughter, the last of whom died young. He and his son Albert live 
 together on the old farm. Andrew resides in Iowa. 
 
 Benjamin Walworth was born in Bozrah, Conn., Oct. 13, 1792. He was 
 
SUPPLEMENT. 639 
 
 fifth in descent from Mary Chilton, the first woman that landed on Plymouth 
 Rock from the Mayflower. The Wahvorths in this country all descended 
 from Wm. Walworth, great-great-grandfather of Benj. Walworth, whose father, 
 Benjamin, was quarter-master and acting adjutant in the Revolutionary army. 
 Judge Walworth, when an infant, removed with his father to Hoosic, Rensse- 
 laer Co. He was educated in the district school, and in a select school. 
 He studied medicine in Cambridge, and practiced his profession for some 
 time in Hoosic. In October, 1824, he came to Fredonia, where he still 
 resides. In 1828, he was commissioned by Gov. Pitcher, an associate coun- 
 ty judge, and served as such until 1840. He was brother of the Chancellor, 
 Reuben Hyde Walworth. He was married at Hoosic Falls, in 1817, to 
 Charlotte Eddy, a native of Pittstown, Rensselaer county. They had two 
 children : i. Rebecca, wife of Elias Forbes, principal owner and manager of 
 the Fredonia gas works. 2. Kosciusko R., who was drowned at Saybrook, 
 Conn., at the age of 22. The children of Rebecca were Kosciusko W., and 
 Charlotte E., wife of Isaac S. Kingland, who is a civil engineer on railroads, 
 residing at Fredonia. 
 
 In 1855, Haskell L. Taylor commenced wagon-making, on Center street, 
 in a small wood building, about 10 rods from Main street. In 1858, he took 
 into partnership Festus Day; and in 1864, Thomas H. Prushaw became a 
 partner; after which time the business was conducted under the firm 
 name of Taylor, Day & Co. Their work has been almost wholly the making 
 of carriages, of which they manufacture a great variety. K patent combination 
 spring road wagon, an article of their own invention, has constituted, for 
 several years, a large portion of their business. In April, 1875, H. Doug- 
 lass Crane bought the interest of Mr. Taylor. Present firm. Day, Prushaw 
 & Crane. 
 
 Mullett, Green & Bissell also are manufacturers of carriages." The busi- 
 ness was established about thirty years ago, by Obed BisselL About 1868, 
 Mr. Bissell died, and the above firm was formed, and has continued business 
 to the present time. 
 
 A similar establishment is that of Herman & Luther, commenced about ten 
 years ago. Mr. Herman had previously been engaged in carriage-making. 
 
 Horatio W. Green has a planing-mill for doing custom planing work, and 
 a manufactory for making sash, doors, and blinds. The establishment has 
 been in operation about 12 or 15 years. 
 
 The Methodist Episcopal Church of Fredonia was organized about the year 
 1818. The first class consisted of Jeremiah Baldwin and his wife, Daniel 
 Gould and his wife, Otis Ensign and wife, and others whose names can not 
 be found. Among the early ministers were Francis Dighton, Darius Wil- 
 liams, J. Keyes, and Wilder B. Moak. Among the later ministers were E. 
 H. Yingling, D. S. Steadman, J. H. Tagg, A. N. Craft, R. F. Randolph, and 
 the present, James M. Bray. The first church edifice was erected, and dedi- 
 cated in 1820. The present is a first-class house, and, with its appurte- 
 nances, cost about $30,000. 
 
640 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 RIPLEY. 
 
 Judd W. Cass, son of Nathan Cass, and brother of the late Jonathan Cass, 
 of Westfield, settled early in Ripley, on the hill, in the north-east part of 
 the town, where he still resides. He was married, first, to Olive Dickson, 
 and had two daughters : Jane, deceased; and Margaret, wife of John Park- 
 hurst Hungerford, residing on the farm with Mr. Cass. He married for his 
 second wife, Mrs. Ludlow, who also is deceased. 
 
 John Bell Dinsmore was born in Windham, N. H., and, at the age of 15, 
 removed with his father's family to Londonderry, N. H. His mother was a 
 daughter of Hon. John Bell,' of Londonderry, and sister of John and Samuel 
 Bell, who were governors of that state. When quite a young man, Mr. Dins- 
 more made several voyages from Boston to the West Indies, for the benefit 
 of his health ; and, after its restoration, he went south to visit an uncle, Silas 
 Dinsmore, agent of the general government among the Choctaw Indians. 
 While there, he became the first conqueror of " Old Hickory," [Gen. Jack- 
 son,] who was taking to Tennessee a lot of slaves he had purchased in 
 Alabama, and had to pass the Choctaw agency. The agent had been order- 
 ed, by the government, to require a pass from the governor of the state from 
 which slaves were taken into another state, and passing the agency; which 
 pass had been offered to Gen. Jackson, and refused by him. When he ar- 
 rived with his slaves, CoL Dinsmore, the agent, being absent from home, two 
 of his nephews, young Dinsmore and Smith, were in charge of the agency. 
 When the general arrived, he was asked for his pass. He replied, that the 
 government had no right to demand a pass from him, and ordered the slaves 
 to proceed. In an instant he found himself surrounded by a large number 
 of well armed young Indians, whom Dinsmore and Smith had in readiness 
 to enforce the order of government, having learned that Jackson had refused 
 a pass, and determined to force his way through. But the boys conquered 
 him ; and he had to send to the governor for a pass before he was allowed 
 to proceed. 
 
 On his return from the South, in September, 1815, Mr. Dinsmore passed 
 through Ripley; and, pleased with the country, he purchased of Nathan 
 Wisner his interest in a contract for 127^ acres of land, being the west part 
 of lot 13, now in the village of Quincy, where he resided until about two 
 years before his death, when he sold to Joel Colvin, and erected a new dwell- 
 ing on the north side of the street, where he died, Aug. 13, 1871, aged 79 
 years. Mr. Dinsmore married for his first wife, Nancy Wilson, of Harbor 
 Creek, Pa. ; for his second wife, Elizabeth Griffin, of Connecticut ; and for 
 his third wife, Harriet Alden, of Meadville, Pa., who, with the following 
 named children, survived him : Jane S. Hawley, Sally W. Marvin, Wm. W. 
 Dinsmore, Harriet G. Woodruff, John B. Dinsmore, Elizabeth A, Goodrich, 
 and James Dinsmore. Mr. Dinsmore was, for more than fifty years, a mem- 
 ber of the Presbyterian church in Ripley, a kind husband, father, and 
 neighbor, and a truly honest man. 
 
o^^^^.e^^-'cy^ .^^Y, 
 
 r ' 
 
SUPPLEMENT. 64I 
 
 Elihu Marvin was bom in Connecticut, in 1791. In early life he was en- 
 gaged in mechanical pursuits ; at Derby, Conn., was connected with a woolen 
 factory, under the auspices of Gen. David Huniphre)rs, whose niece he mar- 
 ried. About 1820, he removed to Ripley, having purcHased a farm afterwards 
 owned by Judge Selden Marvin, and pow bjr.J^tkijil ;Dawson, east of and near 
 the East Ripley meeting-house. . He.was^;?^^ frien^ of educational and 
 religious institutions. About 1863, -he reipoved.to Erie, Pa., where he still 
 resides, at the advanced age of ^^''j^^HiSs- i '". • '■- - .v 
 
 Dudley Marvin, son of Elisha I%ifvin aijd Elizabeth $eMeD, was bom in 
 Lyme, New lx)ndon Co., Conn., May 9, 1786.' His ancestors emigrated 
 from England about 1632. In his father's family were ten children. Dud- 
 ley received his education at Colchester academy. Conn. He came to 
 Canandaigua in 1807, at the age of 21 ; studied law in the office of Howell 
 & Greig, and was admitted to practice in the supreme court, in 18 n. He 
 immediately came to Erie, Pa., and was there admitted to practice ; but soon 
 returned to Canandaigua, where, after a practice of several years, he formed 
 a partnership with Mark H. Sibley, who had completed his law studies in his 
 office. In 1822, he was elected a representative.in Congress, and was twice 
 reelected. He there became a personal friend of Henry Clay, then speaker 
 of the house. He was an able advocate of the protective policy, and an 
 active supporter of Mr. Adams for president. During the war of 181 2, he 
 held a lieutenancy in the state militia, and went to Rochester when an attack 
 upon that place was apprehended. Afterwards he held, successively, the 
 offices of colonel, brigadier-general, and major-general. After the expiration, 
 of his last congressional term, he devoted much time to mechanical im- 
 provements which he invented and patented. In 1836, he practiced law in. 
 the city of New York ; and, from 1837 to 1843, in the city of Brooklyn, where 
 he ranked high in his profession. In the summer of 1843, ^e removed to 
 Ripley, intending to discontinue practice. But having, in his early practice, 
 been brought among the profession in the county from its organization, in 
 many important suits, he was employed as counsel, and regularly attended 
 courts in several counties. His interest in political affairs was revived, in 
 1844, on the nomination of Henry Clay, his mutual friend, in whose support 
 he distinguished himself as an orator and advocate of protection. In 1846, 
 he was nominated as a candidate for the constitutional convention, with 
 George, W. Patterson and Richard P. Marvin. But on the decision that 
 Chautauqua county was entitled to but two delegates, he withdrew. In the 
 ensuing fall, he was elected a representative in Congress from this district. 
 After his removal to Ripley, M|giade a profession of reli|^n, and became a 
 member of the PresbytCTiani'^^^^^, fie was" .aB earnest advocate of tem- 
 perance. In 18 18, he was IniJaMed, at Canandaigua, to Mary. Whalley. 
 Their only child, Selden Marvin, was born at Canandaigua, June 19, i8ig. 
 He read law with his father, in New York, and was admitted to practice in 
 1841. He came the same year to Ripjgyj and purchased the farm of his 
 uncle, Elihu Marvin, east of and -near the pld Presbyterian church, where 
 41 
 
642 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 John Dawson now resides. In 1852, he was elected special judge of the 
 county, and in 1855, county judge. In i860, he removed to Erie, where he 
 has been for many years, and is now, associated with S. S. Spencer in the 
 practice of law. He was married in Ripley, May 25, 1847, to Sarah W. 
 Dinsmore. They had 5 children: Dudley, who died in Erie, in 1864; 
 Mary W. ; Charles D. ; Elizabeth S. ; and Anna H. 
 
 SHERMAN. 
 
 Josiah R. Keeler, an early settler, was a son of Matthew and Rebecca 
 (Raymond) Keeler, natives of Norwalk, Conn., who had 8 sons : Josiah R., 
 George A., Smith B., Zalmdn, Rufus, William K., Burr, and Jonah C. 
 Josiah R. came first, and settled, in 1826, on the hill, having cut his road 
 thither, where he buUt a house, a store, and an ashery. He was soon 
 followed by emigrants from Farmington, Conn., many of them Congrega- 
 tionalists; and a church of that order was soon formed, June, 1827, many 
 bringing letters from Rev. Dr. Noah Porter's church in Farmington. At the 
 request of the new church. Dr. Porter and his church selected for them a 
 minister, Rev. Justin Marsh, a young man, agreeing to pay him. half of his 
 salary, $200, leaving $200 to be raised by the new church, of which Josiah 
 R. and Smith B. Keeler paid $100. A new meeting-house was commenced 
 in 1832, and dedicated in May, 1833. It cost about $2,000, of which the 
 Keelers paid about one-half. Mr. Marsh married a daughter of Dr. Fenn 
 Deming of Westfield ; had a family, and died in Michigan. Mr. Keeler is 
 said to have been an obliging man and decidedly religious. 
 
 Mr. Keeler bought and manufactured largely pot and pearl ashes ; his 
 brother being employed mainly in the ashery. The ashes were delivered at 
 Portland Harbor, [Barcelona,] for shipment east ; and his goods were received 
 at the same harbor. The road being extremely bad, it required two yoke 
 of oxen to draw three barrels of ashes, and three days to perform the trip, 
 eighteen mUes and return. His brothers George and Zalmon also came to 
 Sherman, and were in the employ of their eldest brother ; but neither of 
 them, it is believed, was a partner. Smith, George, and Zalmon removed to 
 Jamestown, where they resided for a time. Zalmon G. Keeler, with Simeon 
 W. Parks, came to Jamestown, about 1833, and opened a store, being sup- 
 plied with goods by Josiah R. Keeler. Mr. Park is still there, in other 
 business. Zalmon G. Keeler died some years ago, in Jamestown, wRere his 
 widow and daughters still reside. Josiah R. Keeler died in Sherman, 
 long since, leaving a widow and children. A son, Osborn, entered Yale 
 College after his father's death; his healtiyimg, he^^went home and died of 
 consumption. ' ' ' ^^^^|^ '» ' 
 
 [On page 547, Wm. H. Keeler is mention,ed as having had a store in 
 : Sherman, and a son Osborn. There is some doubt as to the correctness of 
 a part of this statement. Josiah R. Keeler had a store and a son Osborn, 
 and is probably the person alluded to. He h^d a son Wm. H., whose name 
 is on the map of 1854, in the south-west part of lot 28.] 
 
( 
 
 /'/ 
 
SUPPLEMENT. 643 
 
 STOCKTON. 
 
 Ellsworth Family. — Dr. Waterman Ellsworth, a promment citizen ot 
 Stockton, came to that town about the year 1822, some say 1824^ where he 
 resided till he died, in 1849. [Sketch, p. 564.J He had five sons : Stukely, 
 Hazelius, Franklin, Henry M., and Clay W. P. 
 
 Stukely Ellsworth was bom in Stockton, Dec. 18, 1826. He received 
 academical education at Fredonia, Westfield, and Mayville academies, and 
 graduated at Yale College in 1847. He studied law at Bufialo nearly three 
 years ; was admitted to the supreme court of the United States, at Washing- 
 ton, in 1855 ; and settled the same year at Eugene City, Oregon. He was 
 married, in 1856, to May C. Stevens, of Coldwater, Michigan, and has five 
 children. In 1875, he, for the first time in twenty years, revisited his native 
 county, accompanied by his oldest daji^ter, and visiting the Atlantic states 
 as grand representative fi:om Oregon to the Grand Lodge of the United 
 States, I. O. O. F. He has been steadily engaged in the practice of his 
 profession, giving but little attention to politics ; his only candidacy for office 
 at the hands of any political party during his residence in Oregon, having 
 been for the office of judge of the supreme court of the state, in 1866, for 
 which he was defeated by the incumbent, who was reelected. His children 
 are Harriet Rosina, aged 18 years; John Waterman, 16; Sarah Louisa, 12; 
 Georgia Alice, 8 ; Mark Adams, 6. His present residence and post-office 
 address is La Grande, Oregon. 
 
 Hazelius Ellsworth was bom at Stockton, Nov. 14, 1828. He adopted 
 the profession of his father, attending nearly three full courses of lectures at 
 the University of New York, interrupted, in the last course, by the death of 
 his father. He Removed to Eugene City, Oregon, October, 1863, and still 
 resides there, being now, and having been, for the last 10 or* 11 years, engaged 
 in the druggist business. He is unmarried. 
 
 Franklin Ellsworth was bom August 14, 1830, and' removed, in 1852, to 
 San Francisco, CaL; was married, in 1865, to Miss McLane, and has a son, 
 8 years old. 
 
 Henry Martyn Ellsworth, bom in Stockton, removed to Oregon in 1854. 
 He was married, Oct. 11, 1865, at La Grande, Oregon, to Marietta Pierce, 
 daughter of James M. Pierce, of Stockton, and granddaughter of John West 
 and wife, still living at the old homestead in Stockton. Mrs. Ellsworth's 
 mother, Henrietta Pierce, resides at Delanti. Mrs. Ellsworth died at San 
 Francisco, April 22, 1875, leaving two daughters, Ella Pierce and Henrietu 
 Rosina, aged respectively 7 and 3 years. Mr. Ellsworth resides at Kelton, 
 Utah, and is a merchant, and agent of Wells, Fargo & Co.'s Express. 
 
 Clay W. P. Ellsworth is the fifth son of Dr. Ellsworth, but no information 
 respecting his residence or family has been received. 
 
 Fisher Families. — The Fishers were natives of Princeton, Mass. Icha- 
 bod, John, Jabez, and Joel, sons of Ichabod, all came to Chautauqua Co., 
 most of them from Oneida county, and settled at and near Cassadaga lake. 
 
644 HISTORY OF CHAUTAU(jUA COUNTY. 
 
 Ichabod, the oldest brother, came in 1813, and bought a whole lot, parts 
 of which were taken by others. He was bom, Jan., 1772, and died May 5, 
 1847. liis sons are Orrin H., ndw in Nebraska, and Willard W., postmaster 
 at Cassadaga. Ichabod Fisher kept a tavern, the first in the town of Stock- 
 ton ; his license having been taken in 1816. 
 
 John Fisher, who had settled in Madison county, came to Chautauqua 
 Co., in or about 1836. A son, Andrew, came with him, and settled here. 
 Andrew's children were Marion F., John P., Joel A., George F., deceased, 
 Andrew C,, and Lydia M. 
 
 Jabez Fisher had two sons. Van Rensselaer and Lyman F., both of whom 
 died in Charlotte. 
 
 Joel Fisher, a native of Princeton, Mass., removed to Oneida Co., N. Y., 
 thence, the next year, [1809,] to Chautauqua Co., and settled in the south- 
 east part of Pomfret. His house w^ the half-way house between Fredonia 
 and Sinclairville. There were no bridges across the Canadaway ; nor was 
 there a road except a path. Provisions were scarce. He paid the Indian, 
 Complanter, 47 pounds of maple sugar for a bushel of com. He also paid 
 $22 for a barrel of salt. He served in the war of 1812, and witnessed the 
 burning of Bufifalo. He is said to have taken the first drove of cattle over 
 Blue Ridge to Philadelphia. Crossing the mountain was performed with 
 great difficulty. He was married, in Massachusetts, to Lydia Matthews. They 
 had eight children : Asahel and Joel were born in Massachusetts ; Lydia, 
 Phebe, Oliver H. Perry, John, Sybil, and Joseph, in Pomfret 
 
 Ichabod Fisher, Sr., was bom in 1746, and came to this county when his 
 son Ichabod came, and died November, 18 18, aged 72 years. 
 
 Sawyer Phillips was bora in Ashfield, Mass., in 1791, and emigrated to 
 Stockton in 181 6, accompanied by his father, Philip Phillips, and mother, 
 also two sisters and a younger brother, the last of whom died about 1835, 
 unmarried. The sisters married John Robertson and Israel Smith, the former 
 of- whom had but one child, Eliscom Roberts, and both died soon after mar- 
 riage. The aged parents lived with the son till their death, in 1842 and 1846. 
 Sawyer married, in 1818, Jane Parker, of EUery, a daughter of Benjamin 
 Parker, by whom he had 15 children, three of whom died in infancy; three 
 lived to, be young men, and a daughter lived to the age of 11. Eight 
 brothera and a sistgr are stU living, as follows : i. Thomas D., who married 
 Lorette Hartford,' and liad, by her, two sons. Sawyer and Charles,, and a 
 daughter, Mary, His wife died in 1847, and he afterwards married. Sybil 
 Fisher, a daugbter. of Joel Fisher. 2. WiUiston /., a merchant and hotel- 
 keeper, who mairied lilaiy; gllis, ^ho died in i860, leaving a daughter. He 
 married, second^ Eliza 'H.aXd^oi Cattaraugus Co., by whom he had two 
 sons and a daughter. 3. Alonzo Parker, a physician, who practiced seven 
 years in Allegany, Cattaraugus Co., and seventeen years in his native town ; 
 and a few y«irs since removed to Fredonia, where he is engaged in the nur- 
 sery business. He married Fidelia Woods, daughter of Elijah Woods, and 
 had three children : Jennie, Burton, and Frank H., who recently died, aged 
 
SUPPLEMENT. 64S 
 
 1 5. 4. William W., who married Celestia, daughter of L5rman Ely, and had 
 4 children, two of whom died in infancy. 5. Charles, who married Eunice 
 Cummings, of Nevr Hampshire, and had no children. 6. Philip, who mar- 
 ried a daughter of Harvey Clark, of Ohio. He is a noted singer and com- 
 poser of sacred song, has made two singing tours to England and the British 
 possessions, under the auspices of the London Sunday School Union, and is 
 at present fulfilling an engagement under the auspices of the same society, 
 in Australia and Van Dieman's Land. 7. Rosina, who married Milton Beebe, 
 architect, and resides in Buffalo. 8. George H., who married a daughter of 
 D. B. Baker, and resides in Springfield, Ohio. 9. Z. Barney, who married 
 Sally Sharp, of Springfield, O., where he is engaged in mercantile business. 
 
 VILLENOVA. 
 
 Villeroy Balcom was bom in Templeton, Worcester Co., Mass., July 25, 
 1 791. He was the oldest son of Joseph Balcom, an officer in the Revolu- 
 tionary army, who was at the battles of Concord, Bunker Hill, Saratoga, 
 Gerraantown, Brandywine, and others. He was at Yorktown, and was at 
 the surrender of Cornwallis. He served through the war, and till Washing- 
 ton resigned the command of the army. He had command of the guard on 
 the 2d of October, 1780, when Maj. Andre was hung at Tappan. Joseph 
 Balcom died in 1827. Villeroy Balcom settled in Villenova, in 1815, on lots 
 9 and 10, where he lived to within a short time before his death. When he 
 came, there were only ten or eleven families in the town. The next year he 
 went to Mass., and married Anna Pufifer, and returned, making the long 
 journey in a one-horse wagon. He died in Villenova, Feb. 2, 1868. His 
 wife has since lived with her daughter, Mrs. Robert Nisbet, at Hamilton, 
 Canada, 'and is in her 84th year. They had two sons and six daughters, all 
 yet living except one son, who died young. Mr. B. was the first postmaster 
 in the town. He was appointed Dec. T4, 1826, and held the office for more 
 than thirty years. He carried the first mails from Fayette, (now Silver Creek,) 
 to Cherry Creek, on horseback. He volunteered to carry the mails one year 
 in order to get a regular mail for the settlers. In 1831, he was commission- 
 ed, by Gov. Throop, as captain of a rifle company in the town. He was 
 appointed justice of the peace, by the council of appointment, and elected 
 to that office under the constitution of 1821, and was several times reelected. 
 And he was eight times elected supervisor. He had received a good English 
 education for one of that day, and did some legal business, drawing up deeds, 
 mortgages, wills, and other written instruments. The Balcom and Puffer 
 families came from England in the early part of the seventeenth century, and 
 settled near Boston, Mass. 
 
 The First Freewill Baptist Church of Villenova was organized in 1828, by 
 
 Amos C. Andros, with nine members : Ljrman Town, King, Enos 
 
 Brunson, Badger, and their wives, and one not named. The first pas- 
 tor was Thomas Grinnell. The present house of worship was built in 1839, 
 
646 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 and dedicated in 1840. Four ministers have been ordained from this church : 
 Osha Crawford, brother of Lavina Crawford, missionary to India ; Washing- 
 ton Shepard, Thomas Main, and Henry Blackmar ; all of whom, except Main 
 and Crawford, are yet living. The present pastor is Rev. Washington 
 Shepard. 
 
 WESTFIELD. 
 
 Correction. — In the biographical sketch of Sherman Williams, page 615, 
 is the following : 
 
 " In 1865-6, he was cashier of the Western Union Telegraph Company." 
 It should read: "In 1865, he was cashier of the United States Telegraph 
 Company^ at Buffalo, which position he held until that company was consoli- 
 dated with the Western Union Telegraph Company in 1866." 
 
 POMFRET. 
 
 For the imperfect sketch of Henry Bosworth, page 481, and that of Noah 
 D. Snow, page 491, the following are substituted : 
 
 Henry Bosworth, son of Samuel Bosworth, was bom in Westfield, Mass., 
 April 12, 1794, and came, in 1817, to Fredonia, where he established the 
 jewelry and watch-repairing business, which was probably the first establish- 
 ment of the kind in the. county, and which he carried on to the time of his 
 death, May 3, 1853, a period of 36 years. Major Bosworth was married, in 
 1820, to Love D. Snow. They had two children, Minerva Ann and Love D. 
 After the death of his wife, Mr. B. married, in 1824, Betsey Wheaton. Their 
 children were Thaddeus H., Samuel Snow, Henry, Sarah L., Gushing, and 
 Mary Elizabeth, all of whom are dead. Minerva Ann Bosworth married 
 Septimus C. Stevenson, Dec, 1868, and they reside near Jacksonville, 111. 
 
 Noah D. Snow was bom at Boonville, Oneida Co., Sept. 9, 1803, and 
 came to this county with his father. Dr. Samuel Snow, who settled a mile 
 wfcst of Fredonia, in 1814. Noah was a merchant in Fredonia about 6 
 years, and removed to Adamsville, Mich., and built a flouring mill. After 
 two years he removed to Forestville, where he was engaged in the milling 
 business. In 1838 he entered into a co-partnership with Oliver Lee, of 
 Silver Creek; which continued until Mr. Lee's death, in 1846. He then 
 became a partner of Mr. Lee's sons, Charles H. and John H., with whom he 
 continued until he was elected sheriff, in 1849. Soon after the expiration 
 of his tfrm of office, he went to California, and, after about a year, retumed. 
 In 1855, he removed to Brant, Erie Co., where he was engaged in lumbering 
 and farming about two years, during which time, a fine residence was built 
 on the Avenue, in Fredonia, the present residence of Mr. Gideon Webster, 
 to which Mr. Snow removed in 1857, and where he died, Nov. 16, 1858. 
 He had only one child, Frank, who married Love D. Bosworth, Nov. 4, 1847, 
 and had 5 children : Alice M., Noah Bosworth, Mary Minerva, Henry 
 Frank, and Martha Couch. 
 
P^.^^rT-Ci-y/^^ 
 
.e^^n'y^ 
 
 ?^g^.< 
 
SUPPLEMENT. 647 
 
 Ralph H. Hall, brother of John P. Hall, is noticed on page 486. An 
 error having been made in the name of the former, which was printed Ralph 
 JV. Hall, and a similar error in the name of his brother, printed John A. 
 Hall, the corrections are here noted. 
 
 Omission Mpplied. — To the sketch of William H. Abell, page 479, should 
 have been added : " Mr. Abell married, for his second wife. Miss Margaret 
 Hussey, of Buffalo, January 17, 187 1," 
 
 PORTLAND. ' 
 
 Lewis Pullman, the son of Salter and Elizabeth (Lewis) Pullman, was bom 
 in Rhode Island, July 26, 1800. He married at Auburn, N. Y., Sept. 24, 
 1825, Emily C. Minton, eldest daughter of James and Theodosia (Lewis) 
 Minton, who was bom at Auburn, Aug. 14, 1808. They removed to Chau- 
 tauqua Co., in January, 1830 ; and, in the following year, Mr. Pullman pur- 
 chased and settled upon a part of lot 21, tp. 5, being the tract commonly 
 known as the Budlong farm. Here he resided for fourteen years, pursuing 
 also his trade as a carpenter, until, in 1835, he had patented his well-known 
 apparatus for removing buildings. It is in connection with this ingenious 
 and effective machine that his name is best known to the inhabitants of 
 Chautauqua county. In 1845, he removed \rith his fainily to Albion, Orleans 
 Co., where he died, Nov. i, 1853. Mrs. Pullman now resides in New York 
 city. Ten children were bom to them, as follows ; t. ^oyal Henry, who 
 married Harriet J. Barmore, is a clergyman of the UniversaKst church, and 
 general secretary of the Universalist General Convention — office in New 
 York. 2. Albert B., who married Emily A, Bennett, and is second vice- 
 president of the Pullman Palace Car Company — office in Chicago. 3. 
 Geoi^e M., who married Hattie A. Sanger ; is the originator of the famous 
 Pullman palace cars, and president of the company — offices in New York 
 and Chicago. 4. Frances C, who died in infancy. 5. James M., who mar- 
 ried Jennie S. Tracy ; is a clergyman of the Universalist church, pastor of 
 the "Church of our Saviour," and permanent secretary of the General Con- 
 vention, New York city. 6. William E., who died in infancy. 7. Charles 
 L., who married Clara J. Slossfer, served three years in the army during the 
 rebellion, rising to the rank of major, and now resides near Paola, Kansas. 
 8. Helen A., graduate at Clinton (N. Y.) Liberal Institute; married, in 1871, 
 George West, and resides at Providence, R. I. 9. Emma C„ graduate at 
 Clinton Liberal Institute ; resides in New York city. 10. Frank IV., gradu- 
 ate at the Albany Law School, in 1873, now assistant United States district 
 attorney, New York city. 
 
 CoNEWANGO, Cattaraugus County. 
 
 Thomas J. Wheeler, son of Hezekiah and Abigail Wheeler, was born in 
 Plainfield, Conn., Nov. 16, 1803. His ancestors, paternal' and maternal. 
 
648 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 were among the early English settlers of New England. He removed with 
 his parents to Middlefield, Otsego Co., N. Y., in 1806. In 1817, he became 
 a student in Cherry Valley academy. In 1820, he began the study of medi- 
 cine in Middlefield, with Dr. Sumner Ely, with whom he remained three 
 years ; and then entered the office of Dr. Delos White, of Cherry Valley, 
 where he remained until he was licensed, in 1824. He taught common 
 schools four winters, commencing 1819. In July, 1824, he came to Ripley, 
 and commenced practice as a partner of Alvin Ryan ; and, in 1826, he re- 
 moved to Conewango, Cattaraugus Co. In 1829, he was appointed post- 
 master at Conewango; in 1830, assistant marshal to take the census in the 
 county. In 1833, he was appointed a judge of the county court, and held 
 the office by reappointment, until 1845, when he resigned. In 1836, he was 
 one of the presidential electors of this state. In 1845, he was elected to 
 the state senate, and held the office until Jan. i, 1848, when the constitution 
 of 1846 closed the official term. And he attended as a delegate to the 
 democratic national conventions of 1852 and 1856. Dr. Wheeler was mar- 
 ried three times; first, May 10, 1827, to Isabella McGlashan, who was bom 
 in York, Livingston Co., April 2, 1810, and died March 23, 1832 ; second, 
 October 15, 1834, to Christiana D. Gardner, born in Woodstock, Vt., March 
 9, 1807, and died Jan. 17, 1848; and third, Dec. 28, 1853, to Hannah 
 Johnson, who was bom in Livonia, March 14, 1819, and, in 1875, removed 
 to Fredonia, where she now resides. He had, by his first marriage, a 
 daughter, Susan Maria, who married Oliver Worden, and removed to Wis- 
 consin, where she died; and by the third marriage a daughter, Eliza Ann, 
 living with her mother. 
 
 RETIREMENT OF JUDGES. 
 
 At the term of the county court in February, 1843, Judge Foote, in charg- 
 ing the grand jury, took occasion to call up some reminiscences of the early 
 history of the county, and to declare his intention to retire from the bench. 
 Judge Campbell also having intimated such intention, action was taken, with 
 reference to the event, by the grand jurors and by the members of the bar, 
 respectively. The proceedings, as published in the county papers, were as 
 follows : 
 
 Judges Foote and Campbell. — The grand jurors of the county of 
 Chautauqua, having learned from Hon. E. T. Foote, in his charge to us, at 
 the present term of this court, that he now retires from the bench, having 
 served as judge for five years, and for four successive terms or twenty years, 
 as first judge ; Resolve, That we wish to bear testimony to the ability, 
 fidelity, promptness, and impartiality with which he has discharged his judi- 
 cial duties ; and we regret that the circumstances are such that he declines a 
 reappointment. 
 
 Resolved, unanimously. That there is a respect due to official station, and 
 that when an incumbent retires from that station, having for a fourth of a 
 century been endeared to us by a friendly and honorable intercourse, we 
 
SUPPLEMENT. 649 
 
 regret the separation of the bond which has so long united us, and which is 
 now to he severed, probably forever. 
 
 Resolved, unanimously. That it is desirable that a portrait of Judge Foote 
 be placed in this court room, to the end that when we retire from the busy 
 scenes of life, and this bench and these seats shall be occupied by those 
 who succeed- us, they may have the pleasure of beholding the likeness of 
 those who have been pioneers in the judiciary of our county, and who have 
 borne the responsibilities of office with dignity and usefulness, and who 
 have shared in the toils and privations of a country in its infancy, but now 
 grown to a vigorous manhood. 
 
 This grand jury being also informed, that His Honor Thomas B. Camp- 
 bell retires from the bench of this court at the close of the present term, 
 after a service of seventeen years, do Resolve, That it is with pleasure we 
 improve this opportunity to manifest our high sense of his sterling integrity, 
 practical good sense, urbanity of manners, and fidelity, and do regret that 
 the citizens of this county, whom we represent, are now to be deprived of 
 the benefits of his experience, ability and worth. 
 
 Resolved, unanimously. That it is our request, that the above resolutions 
 be filed by the clerk, and entered on the minutes of the court, and that 
 Judges Foote and Campbell be furnished with copies of the same. 
 
 Dated at Mayville, February 18, 1843. 
 
 A. H. Walker, Clerk. N. Mixer, Foreman. 
 
 Mayville, February 16, 1843. 
 
 To the Hon. E. T. Foote, First Judge of Chautauqua County, New York: 
 
 Dear Sir : As you are about to retire from the bench of our county, after 
 having held a seat thereon for nearly twenty-five years, and for the last 
 twenty years as first judge of said county, the duties and responsibilities of 
 which station have been ably, faithfully, and honestly discharged, with honor 
 to yourself and to the general satisfaction and approbation of your associates 
 on the bench, and members of the bar, and officers of the court, and the 
 public generally : 
 
 And as you declined a reappointment, and are about to retire, as intimated 
 in your charge to the grand jury at the opening of this court, we feel called 
 upon by a sense of duty, to express to you in this public manner, our con- 
 tinued confidence and esteem, and in consideration of the able, faithful and 
 upright discharge of the duties of judge, we hereby tender to you this as a 
 token of our unabated confidence and respect, and the regret with which we 
 part with you in your official capacity — hoping you may find, in retirement, 
 a continuance of that confidence and esteem, from an intelligent community, 
 which you have so well merited and so universally received while upon the 
 bench. 
 
 Signed by Elisha Ward, \ 
 
 F. H. Ruggles, \ Judges. 
 
 T. B. Campbell, j 
 
 Atlorneys—Sa.mue\ A. Brown, James Mullett, Anselm Potter, Jacob Hough- 
 ton, Richard . P- Marvin, Austin Smith, Charles S. H. Williams, Orsell 
 Cook, John H. Pray, Abner Lewis, Abner Hazeltine, P. Falconer, L. 
 Morris, David Mann, R. Sacket, W. S. Hinckley, Z. C. Young, |0. 
 Stiles, W. P. Mellin, Henry Keep, P. R. Cook, J. M. Keep, W. H. 
 Cutler, G. A. Green, D. Edson, C. R. Leland, C. W. Parker, C. Tucker, 
 
650 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 M. Strope, M. Burnell, John Dixon, William Smith, G. W. Tew, A. 
 
 Richmond, E. B. Forbush, S. Mervin Smith. 
 John G. Hinckley, Clerk. A. W. Muzzy, Sheriff. 
 
 M. P. Bemus, County Treasurer. Henry Gifford, Under Sheriff. 
 
 The following resolution was unanimously adopted at a county convention 
 of democratic delegates from the several towns, assembled at the court- 
 house in Mayville, the 17th of December, 1842 : 
 
 " Whereas, the Hon. Elial T. Foote and the Hon. Thomas B. Campbell 
 have, by respectful communications to this convention, declined a renomina- 
 tion to the offices they have so long and ably filled : be it therefore Resolved, 
 That this convention, representing as it does, not only the sentiments and 
 feelings of the democratic party, but on this occasion, as we beli'eve, the 
 undivided opinion of the great body of citizens of the county, regardless ot 
 party divisions and feelings, are called upon to tender, which we do from a 
 just sense of obligation and duty as well as pride, our acknowledgments to 
 them for the prompt, dignified and efficient discharge of their duties as 
 judges for a long series of years, and cannot permit the occasion of such 
 separation to pass without this sincere and just tribute to their distinguished 
 talents and services as officers, and their high moral worth as men, and that 
 they will carry with them into retirement our best wishes for their future 
 health and prosperity." 
 
 BANKS. 
 
 The first bank in this county was The Chautauqua County Bank at James- 
 town. Application for its incorporation was made to the legislature of 1831. 
 Among the reasons urged by the petitioners for a charter, was the extent of 
 the lumber trade. About 40 million feet of boards, plank and scantling 
 were annually manufactured in the counties of Chautauqua and Cattarau- 
 gus, and the adjoining counties of Warren and McKean in Pennsylvania. 
 The nearest bank in our own state, the petitioners said, was the United 
 States Branch Bank at Buffalo, 90 miles from Jamestown, by the usually 
 traveled route. To this institution, and even as far east as Rochester and 
 Canandaigua, and to Erie, Pa., where a bank on a small scale had recently 
 been established, our citizens had to resort for accommodations. The 
 charter was granted. The commissioners to receive subscriptioas for the 
 capital stock, were William Peacock, Thomas B. Campbell, Leverett Barker, 
 Elial T. Foote, Walter Smith. The books were opened at Jamestown on 
 the I St day of June, and were kept open three days. Notice was given in 
 January following, that the capital stock had been paid in, and that the bank 
 was about to commence business. The first officers of the bank were : 
 President — Elial T. Foote. Cashier — Aaron D. Patchin. 
 
 The First National Bank of Jamestown was organized for the purpose of 
 doing a general banking business. Capital stock $153,000. It commenced 
 business January i, 1865. Alonzo Kent is president; J. E. Mayhew, 
 cashier. Alonzo Kent, Reuben E. Fenton, Galusha A. Grow, Orsell Cook, 
 Sardius Steward, directors. 
 
SUPPLEMENT. 6$ I 
 
 The Second National Bank of Jamestown was organized in February, 
 1865, with a capital of $100,000, and commenced business the next April. 
 Thomas D. Hammond was elected president; George W. Tew, Jr., vice- 
 president. In January, 1869, Mr. Hammond resigned his office, and Wra. 
 H. Tew was elected president, which office he has held to the present time. 
 In March, 1875, the name of the bank was, by authority of an act of con- 
 gress, changed to City National Bank of Jamestown. Present officers : 
 W. H. Tew, president ; H. H. Giflford, vice-president ; Edgar W. Stephens, 
 cashier; Charles H. Tew, assistant-cashier; Wm. H. Tew, Charles J. Fox, 
 H. O. Lakin, Thomas D. Hammond, A. J. Steele, Joel J. Hoyt, H. H. 
 Gilford, directors. 
 
 The Fredonia Bank was organized in 1856, with a capital of $100,000 ; 
 Rosell Greene, president ; O. Stiles, vice-president ; S. M. Clement, cashier. 
 Mr. Greene died in 1859, and O. Stiles was elected president, and Calvin 
 Hutchinson, vice-president. Mr. Stiles resigned the presidency in 1868. 
 
 Fredonia National Bank was organized in 1865. Capital, $50,000. 
 Present officers : S. M. Clement, president ; H. C. Clark, vice-president ; 
 R. P. Clement, cashier. 
 
 Union Banking Company was organized in 1868. O. Stiles, president; 
 Spencer L. Bailey, cashier. Stockholders are individually liable. Mr. Stiles 
 resigned the presidency in 1874, and Albert Haywood was elected president. 
 
 The Bank of Silver Creek was established in 1839 : Oliver Lee, president; 
 Chauncey Smith, cashier. George W. Tew was elected cashier, April 2, 
 185 1. Mr. Lee resigned January 30, 1844; and Mr. Tew was chosen 
 president, and Clark C. Swift, cashier ; both of whom still hold these offices. 
 The bank commenced with a capital of $100,000, and remained a state 
 institution. 
 
 The Lake Shore Bank, at Dunkirk, was organized in March, 1855, as a 
 state bank. Truman R. Coleman was president and Langley Fullager, 
 cashier. In 1866, when the national banking law went into effect, the insti- 
 tution took the title of Lake Shore Banking Company. T. R. Coleman has 
 been its president to the present time. Wm. T. Coleman, acting cashier. 
 
 H. J. Miner df* Co.'s Bank was started as a state bank in 1859, with 
 a capital of $50,000. H. J. Miner was its president ; Odin Benedict, 
 cashier. In 1866, after the passage of the national banking act, the pro- 
 prietors became a private banking company, and have continued as such to 
 the present time. Since the death of its founder, [Mr. H. J. Miner,] his 
 son, H. J. D. Miner, has had the principal management of the institution. 
 
 The Bank of Westfield commenced business as a state bank in May, 
 1848: Sextus H. Hungerford, president; John N. Hungerford, cashier; 
 who was succeeded, July r, 1854, by Levi A. Skinner. In July, 1864, the 
 First National Bank of Westfield was organized with a capital of $100,000 ; 
 and Mr. Hungerford sold and transferred his bank to the National bank, of 
 which Francis B. Brewer, S. H. Hungerford, Levi A. Skinner, Edward A. 
 Skinner, and John H. Minton, were elected directors. Francis B. Brewer 
 
652 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 was chosen president ; Levi A. Skinner, cashier ; Edward A. Skinner, assist- 
 ant-cashier. The bank commenced business the first of October following. 
 In Jan., 1866, Edward A. Skinner was elected cashier, in the place of L. A. 
 Skinner, elected vice-president. July 1, 1870, Charles P. Skinner was 
 appointed cashier in the place of Edward A. Skinner, resigned. In Janu- 
 ary, 1875, Francis B. Brewer, Levi A. Skinner, Edward A. Skinner, Watson 
 S. Hinckley, and Henry J. Minton, were chosen directors ; Levi A. Skinner, 
 president ; Edward A. Skinner, vice-president ; Charles P. Skinner, cashier. 
 There are several individual banks in the county, not included in the 
 foregoing list, and from which no account has been received. In Fredonia, 
 Miner's Bank — formerly H. J. Miner's Bank. In Sherman, Sheldon's Bank; 
 Henry Sheldon, president ; Jerome J. Dean, cashier. In Westfield, Lorenzo 
 F. Phelps & Son. In Forestville, Newton Smith. In Brocton, Moss, Haight 
 & Dunham. 
 
 OFFICIAL REGISTER. 
 
 This period commences with the organization of the town of Chautauqua as a part ot 
 the county of Genesee. The first election in the town was held in the spring of 1805. 
 Chautauqua county, from the time of its formation in 1808, for the want of a sufificient 
 number of voters, was not fully organized until 1811, but was required to act in conjunction 
 with Niagara county for all county purposes. [See p. 113.] And as justices of the peace 
 were not then elected by the people of the several towns, but were appointed as all other 
 judicial officers were, under the first constitution of the state, the list will commence with 
 the appointments of 1805. 
 
 JUSTICES OF THE PEACE. 
 In the Town of Chautauqua, County of Genesee. 
 
 1805. Perry G. Ellsworth, David Kincaid. [The latter was also appoint- 
 ed a coroner for the county.] 
 
 1806. Perry G. Ellsworth, David Eason, John McMahan. 
 
 In Chautauqua and Pomfret, as a part of Niagara. 
 
 1808. John McMahan, Matthew Prendergast, Chautauqua. John S. Bel- 
 lows, David Eason, Pomfret. 
 
 1809. Elijah Risley, John E. Howard, Ozias Hart, Pomfret. 
 
 CORONERS. 
 
 1805. David Kincaid, for Genesee county. 
 
 1808. Orsamus Holmes, of Pomfret, for Niagara county. 
 
 1809. Philo Orton, Orsamus Holmes, for Niagara county. 
 
 MEMBERS OF CONGRESS. 
 
 From the several districts of which Chautauqua formed a part, from 1812 to 1872. The 
 numbers of the years represent the terms of service, which commence the 4th of March 
 next after their election, and close with the 3d of March the second year thereafter. 
 
 21ST District — 1812 to 1822. Two Members. Allegany, Cattaraugus, Chautauqua, 
 Genesee, Niagara, Ontario, and from 1821, Erie, Livingston, and Monroe. 
 
 181 3-15. Samuel M. Hopkins, Genesee; Nathaniel W. Howell, Ontario. 
 
SUPPLEMENT. . 653 
 
 1 81 5-1 7. Micah Brooks, Ontario; Archibald S. Clarke, Cattaraugus, in 
 the place of Peter B. Porter, resigned. 
 
 1817-19. Benj. EUicott, Genesee; John C. Spencer, Ontario. 
 1819-21. Nathaniel Allen, Ontario; Albert H. Tracy, Niagara. 
 1821-23. William B. Rochester, Allegany; Elijah Spencer, Ontario. 
 
 30TH District — 1822 to 1832. Chautauqua, Erie, Niagara. ^ 
 1823-25 — Albert H. Tracy, Erie. 1825-29 — Daniel G. Gamsey, Chau- 
 tauqua. 1829-31 — Ebenezer F. Norton, Erie. 1831-33 — Bates Cook, 
 Niagara. 
 
 31ST District — from 1832. Cattaraugus, Chautauqua. 
 
 1833-37 — Abner Hazeltine, Chautauqua. 1837-41 — Richard P. Marvin, 
 Chautauqua. 1841-43 — Staley N. Clarke, Cattaraugus. 1843-45 — Asher 
 Tyler, Cattaraugus. 1845-47 — Abner Lewis, Chautauqua. 1847-49 — 
 Dudley Marvin, Chautauqua. 1849-51 — Elijah Risley, Chautauqua. 
 1851-53 — Frederick S. Martin, Cattaraugus. 1853-55 — Reuben E. Fen- 
 ton, Chautauqua. 1855-57 — Francis S. Edwards. 1857-65 — [Four terms,] 
 Reuben E. Fenton, Chautauqua. 1865-69 — [Two terms,] Henry Vanaer- 
 nam, Cattaraugus. 1869-71 — Porter Sheldon, Chautauqua. 1871-75 — 
 Walter L. Sessions, Chautauqua. 1875-77 — Nelson I. Norton, elected Nov., 
 1875, in the place of Augustus F. Allen, deceased. 
 
 STATE SENATORS. 
 From the Districts in which Chautauqua County was included. 
 Western District — 1778 to 1823. 
 Allegany, Broome, Cattaraugus, Cayuga, Chautauqua, Cortland, Genesee, Madison, Niag- 
 ara, Oneida, Onondaga, Seneca, Steuben, Tioga, Oswego from March i, 1816 ; and 
 Tompkins from April 17, 1817— entitled to 9 members. 
 181 8 — Jediah Prendergast, Chautauqua county. 
 
 Eighth District — 1823 to 1846. 
 Allegany, Cattaraugus, Chautauqua, Erie, Genesee, Livingston; Monroe, Niagara, and 
 Steuben, until Nov. 12, 1824, when Orleans was added ; April 18, 1826, when Steu- 
 ben was transferred ; and May 23, 1836, when Allegany, Cattaraugus, and Livingston 
 were transferred ; and May 14, i8ai, when Wyoming was annexed. 
 1823 — David Eason. 1824— C)avid Eason, [full term of 4 years.] 1832 
 —John Birdsall, [resigned in 1834.] 1843 — Abram Dixon. 1847— Fran- 
 cis H. Ruggles — all from Chautauqua county. 
 
 Twenty-Second District — from 1846. Cattaraugus and Chautauqua. 
 1848-49 — Frederick S. Martin, Cattaraugus. 1850-51 — Robert Owen, 
 Jr., Cattaraugus. 1852-53 — Elisha Ward, Chautauqua. 1854-55— Alvah 
 H. Walker, Chautauqua. 1856 — Roderick N. White, Cattaraugus, [deceas- 
 ed, May 26, 1856.] 1856-59— John P. Darling, Cattaraugus, having been 
 reelected in 1858. 1860-61 — Walter L. Sessions, Chautauqua. 1862-63 
 —Horace C. Young, Cattaraugus. 1864-65— Norman M. Allen, Cattaraugus. 
 1866-67 — Walter L. Sessions, Chautauqua. 1868-69— Lorenzo Morris, 
 Chautauqua. 1870-71— Allen D. Scott. 1872-73 — Norman F. Allen, 
 
654 " HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 Cattaraugus. 1874-75 — Albert G. Dow, Cattaraugus. 1876-77 — C. P. 
 Vedder, Cattaraugus. 
 
 MEMBERS OF ASSEMBLY. 
 Assembly District — 1808 to 1823. Cattaraugus, Chautauqua, Niagara. 
 
 1812 — Ebenezer Walden, Niagara. 1813-14 — Jonas Williams, Niagara: 
 1815 — Joseph McClure. 18 16— Daniel McCleary, Elias Osbom. 1816- 
 17 — ^Jediah Prendergast, Chautauqua; Richard Smith. 1818 — Robert Flem- 
 ing, Niagara; Isaac Phelps, Niagara. 1819 — Philo Orton, Chautauqua; 
 Isaac Phelps, Niagara. 1820 — Elial T. Foote, Chautauqua; Oliver Forward, 
 Niagara. 1820-21 — William Hotchkiss; Jediah Prendergast, Chautauqua. 
 1822 — Thomas B. Campbell, Chautauqua; Isaac Phelps, Niagara. 
 Assembly District — 1823 to 1846. Chautauqua County. 
 
 1823-24 — James MuUett, Jr. 1825 — Nathan Mixer. 1826 — Elial T. 
 Foote. ^ 1827 — Samuel A. Brown, Elial T. Foote. 1828 — Nathaniel Fen- 
 ton, Nathan Mixer. 1829 — Abner Hazeltine, Nathan Mixer. 1830 — 
 Abner Hazeltine, Squire White. 1831 — John Birdsall, Squire White. 1832 
 — Theron Bly, Squire White. 1833 — -Nathaniel Gray, Alvin Plumb. 1834 
 James Hall, Thomas A. Osborne. 1835 — Orrin McClure, John Woodward, 
 Jr. 1836 — Thomas B. Campbell, Richard P. Marvin. 1837 — Alvin 
 Plumb, Calvin Rumsey, Wm. Wilcox. 1838 — Thomas J. Allen, George A. 
 French, Abner Lewis. 1839 — Waterman Ellsworth, 'Timothy Judson, Abner 
 Lewis. 1840 — Odin Benedict, George A. French, William Rice. 1841 — 
 Benj. Douglass, George A. French, Robertson Whiteside. 1842 — Rossiter 
 P. Johnson, Austin Pierce, Emory F. Warren. 1843 — Odin Benedict, 
 Adolphus F. Morrison, Emory F. Warren. 1844 — Forbes Johnson, Mar- 
 cius Simonds, Elijah Waters. 1845 — Samuel A. Brown, Henry C. Frisbee, 
 Jeremiah Mann. 1846 — Madison Bumell, Valorus Lake, Elisha Ward. 
 Two Districts from 1847. 
 By the Constitution of ,1846, each county entitled to more than one member, was divided 
 into a number of districts, equal to the number of its members, one member to be 
 elected in each district. 
 
 1847 — Charles J. Orton, Madison Burn^l. 1848 — ^John H. Pray, David 
 H. Treadway. 1849 — Silas Terry, Ezeklbl B. Guernsey. 1851 — Austin 
 Smith, Daniel W. Douglass. 1852 — Austin Smith, Jeremiah Ellsworth. 
 1853 — Walter L. Sessions, Jeremiah Ellsworth. 1854 — Walter L. Sessions, 
 Francis W. Palmer. 1855 — Samuel S. Whallon, Francis W. Palmer. 1856 
 — Henry A. Prendergast, Smith Berry. 1857 — Henry A. Prendergast, Isaac 
 George. 1858 — Henry Bliss, Charles B. Green. 1859 — Henry Bliss, Sid- 
 ney E. Palmer, i860 — Ebenezer G. Cook, Hiram Smith, 2d. 1861 — 
 Henry A. Prendergast, Hiram Smith, 2d. 1862 — Emri Davis, Henry C. 
 Lake. 1863 — John Steward, Henry C. Lake. 1864 — John Steward, Julien 
 T. Williams. 1865 — Sextus H. Hungerford, Martin Crowell. 1866 — 
 Joseph B. Fay, Orson Stiles. 1867 — Joseph B. Fay, Orson Stiles. 1868 — 
 Matthew P. Bemus, Winfield S. Camer«n. 1869 — Matthew P. Bemus, Win- 
 field S. Cameron. 1870 — Matthew P. Bemus, Orange S. Winans. 187 1 — 
 
SUPPLEMENT. 65 S 
 
 Matthew P. Bemus, Orange S. Winans. 1872 — Matthew P. Bemus, Jerome 
 Preston. 1873 — Francis B. Brewer, John D. Hiller. 1874 — Francis B. 
 Brewer, John D. Hiller. 1875— Otis D. Hinckley, Obed Edson. 1876— 
 William H. Whitney, Theodore Case. 
 
 DELEGATES TO CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTIONS. 
 1821 — Cattaraugus, Chautauqua, Erie, Niagara. 
 Augustus Porter, Niagara; Samuel Russell, Erie. 
 
 1 846 — Chautauqua. 
 George W. Patterson, Westfield ; Richard P. Marvin, Jamestown. 
 
 1867 — Chautauqua, Cattaraugus. 
 George Barker, Augustus F. Allen, Chautauqua ; Norman M. Allen, 
 George Van Campen, Cattaraugus. 
 
 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTORS. 
 
 [None from this County under the first Constitution.] 
 
 Second Constitution. 
 
 Elected by Districts — District No. 30. 
 
 1828 — Ebenezer Walden, Erie coimty. 
 
 By General Ticket. 
 1832 — Orris Crosby, Chautauqua. 1836 — Thomas J. Wheeler, Cattarau- 
 gus. 1840 — Philo Orton, Chautauqua. 1844 — Robert H. Shankland, 
 Cattaraugus. 1848 — Delos E. Sill, Cattaraugus. 1852 — Benjamin Cham- 
 berlain, Cattaraugus, i860 — James Parker, Chautauqua. 1864 — John P. 
 Darling, Cattaraugus. 1868 — Timothy D. Copp, Chautauqua. 1872 — Nel- 
 son I. Norton. 
 
 CIRCUIT JUDGES. 
 
 J udges were appointed by the Governor, with the advice of the Council or Senate, until 
 1846 ; thereafter elected by the people. 
 
 Eighth Judicial District— from 1823 to 1847. 
 ,823 — William B. Rochester, Allegany. 1826 — Albert H. Tracy, Erie; 
 John Birdsall, Chautauqua. 1829— Addison Gardiner, Monroe. 1838 — 
 John B. Skinner, Genesee ; Nathan Dayton, Niagara. 
 
 JUSTICES OF THE SUPREME COURT. 
 
 Eighth Judicial District — from 1847. 
 
 Allegany, Cattaraugus, Chautauqua, Erie, Genesee, Niagara, Orleans, and Wyoming 
 
 Counties. 
 
 1847 — James G. Hoyt, Wyoming, [2 years;] James Mullett, Erie, [4 
 years;] Seth E. Sill, Erie, [6 years; died Sept. 15, 1851 ;] Richard P. Mar- 
 vin, Chautauqua, [8 years.] 1849— James G. Hoyt, Wyoming. 1851— 
 Moses Taggart, Genesee, appointed in place of Sill, and elected for 2 
 years; James Mullett, Chautauqua; [resigned Oct. 16, 1857.] 1852 — Levi 
 F. Bowen, Niagara, [appointed, vice Hoyt, resigned.] 1853— Benjamin F. 
 Green, Erie, [died at Fredonia, Aug. 7, i860.] 1855— Richard P. Marvin, 
 Chautauqua. 1857 — Noah Davis, Jr., Orleans, appointed, vice Mullett; 
 
6s6 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 elected in 1857 for full term;] Martin Grover, Allegany, elected for 2 years, 
 vice MuUett, resigned ; reelected Nov. 8, 1859, for full term, i860 — James 
 G. Hoyt, Erie, appointed, vice Green, deceased; elected Nov. 5, 1861, for 
 vacancy and full term. 1863 — Charles Daniels, Erie, elected Nov. 3, 1863, 
 vice Hoyt, who died Oct. 29, preceding, and appointed to vacancy pending 
 the meeting of state canvassers; Richard P. Marvin, Chautauqua. 1865 — 
 Noah Davis, Orleans, elected to Congress in 1868. 1867 — George Barker, 
 Chautauqua. 1868 — George D. Lamont, Niagara, appointed, vice Davis. 
 1869 — John L. Talcott, Buffalo, elected to succeed Lamont; appointed to 
 vacancy. 1869 — ^Charles Daniels, Erie. 187 1 — George D. Lamont, Erie. 
 1873 — John L. Talcott, Erie. 1875 — George Barker, Chautauqua. 
 
 FIRST JUDGES. 
 
 The "First Judges" of the Court of Common Pleas were appointed by the Governor 
 and Senate, until 1846, when, by the Constitution of that year, the office became elective ; 
 and they were thereafter entitled "County Judges." 
 
 181 1 — Zattu Gushing. 1824 — Elial T. Foote. 1843 — Thomas A. 
 Osborne. 1845 — Thomas B. Campbell. 1847 — Abner Lewis. 1852 — 
 Selden Marvin. 1859 — Abner Hazeltine. 1863 — Orsell Cook. 1867 — 
 Orsell Cook. 187 1 — Emory F. Warren. 
 
 SPECIAL COUNTY JUDGES. 
 1852— Philip S. Cottle. 1855— William Green. 1858— Stephen Snow. 
 1861 — James Sheward. 1864 — James Sheward. 1867 — Nelson H. Hill. 
 1870 — Philip S. Cottle. 1873— Abner Hazeltine. 
 
 DISTRICT ATTORNEYS. 
 
 Previously to 1822, District- Attorneys were appointed by the Governor and Senate for 
 five years, to serve during pleasure, and entitled Assistant Attorneys-General. A district 
 embraced, originally, several counties. From 1822 to 1846, [under the constitution of 
 1821,] they were appointed by the Court of General Sessions, and entitled District Attor- 
 neys ; thereafter they were elected. In 1818, each county was made a separate district. 
 
 1813. Polydorus B. Wisner. 1815 — John C. Spencer. 18 18 — Daniel 
 G. Garnsey. 1826 — James Mullett, Jr. 1828 — Samuel A. Brown. 1838 — 
 Joseph Waite. 1841 — David Mann. 1847 — Abner Hazeltine. 1850 — 
 Daniel Sherman. 1853 — George Barker. 1856 — John F. Smith. 1859 — 
 William O. Stevens. 1862 — -George Barker. i865^Nahum S. Scott. 
 1868 — Benjamin F. Skinner. 1871-v-Edward R. Bootey. 1874 — Edward 
 R. Bootey. 
 
 SURROGATES. 
 
 Surrogates were appointed by the Governor and Senate until 1846, when the office was 
 abolished, and its duties devolved upon the county judges — except in counties having a 
 population exceeding 40,000, in each of which a Special Surrogate is elected. 
 
 1811 — Squire White. 1813 — Daniel G. Garnsey. 1821 — William Smith. 
 1823 — William Smith, Jr. 1841 — Austin Smith. 1844 — Orsell Cook. 
 1847 — Orsell Cook. 1851 — Emory F. Warren. 1855 — Albert Richmond. 
 1859 — George A. Green. 1863 — Theodore Brown. 1866 — Henry O. 
 
SUPPLEMENT. 657 
 
 Lakin, [I'ice Brown, deceased.] 1867 — Henry O. Lakin. 1871 — Charles 
 
 G. Maples. 
 
 SPECIAL SURROGATES. 
 
 1852 — Francis S. Edwards. 1855 — Charles F. Matteson. [Appointed 
 
 Nov. 20, 1855, z;z« Edwards, resigned.] 1858 — Samuel A. Brown. 1861 — 
 
 Austin Smith. 1864 — Abram Dixon. 1867 — -Abram Dixon. 1870 — ^Jabez 
 
 B. Archibald. 
 
 SHERIFFS. 
 
 Previously to the year 1822, sheriffs were appointed by the "Council of Appointment," 
 composed of the Governor and a Senator from each of the four senate districts into which 
 the state was then divided. 
 
 181 1 — David Eason. 18 15 — Jonathan Sprague. 18 17 — Eliphalet 
 Dewey. 1820 — Elial T. Foote.. 1821 and '22 — Gilbert Douglass. 1825 — 
 Elijah Risley. 1828 — Daniel Sherman. 1831 — Benjamin Douglass. 1834^ — 
 Wm. Sexton. 1837 — Judson Southland. 1840 — Amos W. Muzzy. 1843 
 — Orrin McClure. 1846 — Jarvis B. Rice. 1849 — Noah D. Snow. 1852 — 
 Alpheus S. Hawley. 1855 — Milton Smith. 1858 — William Vorce. 1861 
 — Charles Kennedy. 1864 — Amos K. Warren. 1867 — Lewis Andrews. 
 1870— Lewis T. Harrington. 1873 — Corydon Hitchcock. 
 
 COUNTY CLERKS. 
 181 1 — John E. Marshall. 1815 — John Dexter. 1820 — Thomas B. 
 Campbell. 182 1 — John Dexter. 1822 — John Dexter. 1828 — James B. 
 Lowry. 1834 — George W. Tew. 1840 — John G. Hinckley. 1843 — Alvin 
 Plumb. 1846 — Matthew P. Bemus. 1849 — Orson Stiles. 1852 — Richard 
 O. Green. 1855— Hanson A. Risley. 1858— Theron S. Bly. 1 861— Sid- 
 ney Jones. 1864 — Charles L. Norton. 1867 — Richard Willing. 1870 — 
 John R. Robertson. 1873 — Herman Sixbey. 
 
 SUPERVISORS' CLERKS. 
 1811-15 — Charles B. Rouse. 1816 — ^Jacob Houghton. 1817-19 — 
 James P. Rogers. 1820-26 — David Eaton. 1827-30 — Thomas A. Osborne. 
 1831-32 — David Eaton. 1833 — George A. Green. 1834 — Francis H. 
 Ruggles. 1835-37 — Rufus Jones. 1838-39 — John G. Hinckley. 1840 — 
 Nelson Rowe. 1841 — Richard Willing. 1842 — Rufus Jones. 1843 — S. 
 Mervin Smith. 1844-45 — Rufus Jones. 1846-47 — Walter L. Sessions. 
 1848-49 — Daniel Sherman. 1850-51 — Charles Chadwick. 1852-53 — 
 Stukely Ellsworth. 1854-61 — EUas H. Jenner. 1862-66 — Lucius Hurl- 
 but. 1867-75 — Elias H. Jenner. 
 
 COUNTY TREASURERS. 
 
 Appointed by the Board of Supervisors, and by the Supervisors and Judges, previously 
 to 1846 ; afterwards elected by the people. 
 
 182 1 — William Peacock. 1822 — Anselm Potter. 1834 — ^John Birdsall. 
 
 1836 — Robertson Whiteside. i837^^Ebenezer P. Upham. 1838-39 — 
 
 Robertson Whiteside. [Upham and Whiteside removed in 1840.] 1840 — 
 
 Matthew P. Bemus. 1847— William Gifford. 1848— William Gififord. 
 
 42 
 
658 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 1857 — Jabez B. Burrows, i860 — William Leet. 1863 — Byron Ellsworth. 
 1866 — William Leet. 1869 — Sherman Williams. 1872 — Sherman Wil- 
 liams. 1875 — Orrin Sperry. 
 
 SUPERINTENDENTS OF THE POOR. 
 
 1830-34 — Abiram Orton, William Pendergast. 1830-31 — Solomon Jones, 
 Thos. B. Campbell, Jonathan Hedges. 1832 — Daniel Hazeltine, William 
 M. Waggoner, Abram Dixon. 1833-34 — Solomon Jones. 1833-43 — Jona- 
 than Cass. 1833-35 — Jonathan Hedges. 1835 — William T. Howell, 
 Pearson Crosby, Joseph Wait: 1836-38 — Henry Baker. 1836 — Nath- 
 aniel Gray, William M. Waggoner, William Prendergast. 1837-39 — 
 William T. Howell. 1837 — Benjamin Douglass, Stephen May. 1838- 
 39 — Henry Bosworth. 1838-48 — John Chandler. 1839-43 — Samuel 
 A. Brown. 1840-43 — David J. Matteson, William Gilford. 1844-48 — 
 William T. Howell. 1844-50 — David Eaton. 1844-45 — Edmund Mead. 
 1844 — Josiah Palmeter. 1845-52 — Morris Norton. 1846-48 — Alvah H. 
 Walker. 1849-51 — Moseley W. Abell. 1851-59 — John Chandler. 1852- 
 69 — Charles A. Spencer. 1853-55 — Charles Brightman. 1856-58 — H. B. 
 Pulman. 1859-61 — Luke Grover. 1860-68 — Nicholas Kessler. [De- 
 ceased in 1868.] 1862-64 — Walter Moore. 1865-70 — Wm. .A. Mayborne. 
 1868 — Francis French. 1869 — Charles A. Spencer. 1870 — Wm. A. May- 
 borne. 1871 — Francis French. 1872 — John Bootey. 1873 — Horace C. 
 Taylor. 1874 — David J. Maples. 
 
 KEEPERS OF POORHOUSE. 
 
 1832 — William Gifford. 1841 — Wm. M. Waggoner. 1844 — John G. 
 Palmeter. 1847 — Nicholas Kessler. 1849 — A. M. P. Maynard. 1851 — 
 Nicholas Kessler. 1855 — John G. Palmeter. 1863 — WiUard Wood. 
 
 SUPERINTENDENTS OF COMMON SCHOOLS. 
 
 1841 — Lorenzo Parsons. 1843-47 — Worthy Putnam. 
 
 The office of County Superintendent was abolished, and its duties were chiefly devolved 
 upon the Town Superintendents, who had been substituted for the Town Inspectors and 
 Commissioners. The office of Town Superintendent was afterward abolished, and the 
 county office restored, under the title of School Commissioner, one being elected in each 
 Assembly District. [The first named, in the first district.] 
 
 1856 — Amasa C. Moses, Orsamus A. White. 1857 — George W. Putnam, 
 Lucius Hurlbut. i860 — Richard D. Vrooman, Andrew P. White. 1863 — 
 Charles Hathaway, James McNaughton. 1866 — Phineas M. Miller, James 
 McNaughton. 1869 — Alonzo C. Pickard, Wellington Woodward. 1872 — 
 H. Q. Ames, L. M. Robertson. 1875— T. J. Pratt, L. M. Robertson. 
 
 Note. — In the preceding lists of officers, before that of Circuit Judges, the 
 dates signify the years in which their official terms commenced. In the list of 
 Circuit Judges, and, it is believed, in all that follow, the years given are those 
 in which the persons named were appointed or elected. 
 
SUPPLEMENT. 659 
 
 CHAUTAUQUA LAKE. 
 
 This lake is said to be the highest body of navigable water in the United 
 States. About two miles north of Mayville, and within six or seven miles 
 of Lake Erie, is the ridge which divides the waters which flow through Lake 
 Erie to the Atlantic, from those which descend through the Ohio and the 
 Mississippi to the Gulf of Mexico. This lake has become a favorite summer 
 resort. It already attracts thousands from various parts of our extended 
 country, who come for recreation, and to enjoy the benefits of its salubrious 
 and invigorating atmosphere. Other thousands make their annual pilgrim- 
 age hither, to participate in exercises designed to revive their spiritual nature^ 
 and to qualify themselves for more effective Christian work : and as the 
 " lake and its surroundings " are continually increasing in importance, they 
 justly claim a notice in these pages, which have already exceeded their 
 prescribed limits. 
 
 There are some still living who remember its being used by early settlers 
 as a means of transit. Many on their way to their new homes southward, 
 made an easy passage on the ice. In the summer, families were comfortably 
 conveyed in canoes, with their household goods, to some point near their 
 destination, while men, with the teams and empty wagons, cut their way 
 through the wilderness. It was for many years an important link in the 
 channel of commerce between Lake Erie and Western Pennsylvania. Salt, 
 provisions, and other supplies for the early settlers, were transported, for 
 many years, in canoes and other rude water craft. 
 
 In 1824, to fa'cilitate travel and transportation, a horse-boat was built in 
 Jamestown. This was considered a great advance in internal improvement. 
 Four years later, this boat was superseded by a steamboat. 
 
 The first steamboat on Chautauqua lake was the side-wheel steamer Chau- 
 tauqua, which was built at Jamestown through the efforts of Alvin Plumb 
 and others, who formed a stock company in 1827, and made her first trip to 
 Mayville on the 4th of July, 1828, commanded by Capt. John I. Willson. 
 She had on board many of the stockholders, among whom were Alvin Plumb, 
 Samuel Barrett, Judiah and Samuel Budlong, Henry Baker, Samuel A. 
 Brown, and others, of Jamestown ; Wm. Peacock, Thomas A. Osborne, John 
 Birdsall, Jedediah Tracy, and others, of Mayville. After their arrival at 
 Mayville, the party partook of a sumptuous dinner prepared for the occasion. 
 This boat performed, service on the lake 5 or 6 years. After the first season, 
 she was commanded by Captains Palmeter and Walbridge ; Capt. Willson 
 having returned to Lake Erie service. 
 
 In 1836, the steamer Robert Falconer commenced her career ; and in 1838 
 her name was changed to William H. Seward. Stoneman's horse-boat, 
 " The Twins," a craft of unique construction, commenced running in 1849, 
 and ceased in 1852. The Hollam Vail^zs, built in 1851 or 1852, and the 
 next season, just before she started on her first trip, she was scutded at May- 
 ville, and sunk about a quarter of a mile from the landing, having been car- 
 
66o HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 ried off by the wind. She was raised and fitted up, and was run that season, 
 and took fire at the dock at Mayville, and was burned. The C. C. Dennis 
 was built in 1855 or 1856, by Capt. J. W. Gardner, the principal or sole pro- 
 prietor, and was run 3 or 4 years; some say, firom 1857 to 1862, inclusive. 
 The steamer Chautauqua, No. 2, was built in 1863, by James and Wm. T. 
 Howell and Alfi-ed Wilcox. After running one season, an interest was pur- 
 chased by Wm. Whallon ; and she was thereafter sold to a Mr. Hill, of Corry, 
 Pa., and others, who owned her at the time of the explosion in August, 187 1, 
 at Whitney's landing, on her trip up the lake, about 6 miles below Mayville, 
 where she had stopped to " wood." The cause of the explosion was an 
 empty boiler. Eight persons were killed, and several were injured, and 
 recovered damages. 
 
 The Post Boy, owned by Peter Colby, appeared in 1867. She was after- 
 ward purchased by Alfred Wilcox, and altered, her name changed to A. R. 
 Trew, and burned in 1869. In 1869, the sX.taxs\tr Jamestown was built by 
 Charles Brown and Ray Scofield. Scofield's interest was purchased, the 
 following spring, by Charles G. Maples, who commanded her in 1870. She 
 was thereafter owned and run by several persons till the autumn of 1875, 
 when she was burned at Jamestown, the property of Capt. T. H. Grandin. 
 She had recently been rebuilt and enlarged, and was 156 feet in length, and 
 her width, 2 1 feet. She was a screw-propeller. 
 
 In 1874, the P. J. Hanour was built for Beck and Griffith. She was a 
 small boat, having a carrying capacity of 200 persons, and was commanded 
 by Fred. W. Griffith, who became her sole owner. She was burned in the 
 fall of the same year. Capt. Griffith immediately commenced the construc- 
 tion of a new boat, named 
 
 M. A. Griffith, which, after having made the season of 1875, had her 
 upper works destroyed by fire at the burning of the Jamestown. Her keel 
 was 80 feet long, her deck, 86 feet; breadth of beam, 21 feet. She will 
 probably be again ready for service at the opening of navigation next spring. 
 
 The May Martin was built in Jamestown in 1875, by Dr. W. B. Martin, 
 of Busti, and Frank Steele, of Jamestown. She is a stern-wheel steamer: length, 
 68 feet, 12 feet beam. She can carry 200 passengers, and is intended for 
 pleasure excursions. She can run down the outlet to the railroad depot. 
 
 They". M. Burdick, a small steam yacht, owned in Mayville, although she 
 can run in any part of the lake, is chiefly used in the upper part. Her 
 length is 52 feet; width, 9 feet. She can carry 15 ton^and is also intended 
 for pleasure parties. 
 
 The C. J. Hepburn, another steam yacht, is also intended for excursion 
 parties. Its length is 56 feet; beam, 7 feet 3 inches. It is owned in 
 Mayville. 
 
 The steamer Nettie Fox was built at Jamestown, in the spring of 1875, 
 for C. J. Fox and Capt. Robert Jones, by Isaac Hammutt, of Pittsburgh. 
 She was the first stern-wheel boat on the lake. Her length -is 170 feet; 
 breadth of beam, 32 feet. She has a cabin, 21 by 60 feet, on her main 
 
SUPPLEMENT. 
 
 66i 
 
 deck, on which are two engines, 15 inches by 5 feet. The boiler deck has two 
 cabins, 10 by 12 feet. The boat has a promenade deck, 32 by 60 feet, and 
 a ladies' cabin, 21 by 50 feet, opening from which are four state rooms, a 
 wash room, etc. The upper, or hurricane deck, also is used entirely as a 
 promenade. There is a saloon and office ; but no liquor is kept on board, 
 the boat being run strictly on temperance principles. Her acting captain, 
 last season, was James F. Fox. 
 
 The Col. William Phillips was built at Bemus Point, in 1873, from plans 
 furnished by R. J. I. Cooper, of Buffalo, and C. C. Beck, of Jamestown. 
 Her length is 125 feet; breadth of beam, 17 feet. She is a side-wheel boat, 
 and said to be the only one on the lake. She has two engines of 40 horse 
 power ; and her boiler is of 90 horse power. On the lower deck is a small 
 cabin, 16 by 20 feet; above are two open decks, one at each end of the 
 boat, and a saloon 50 by 14 feet. The Phillips has, from the first, been 
 commanded, and owned, also, it is said, by Capt. William H. Whitney, mem- 
 ber of assembly from the first assembly district of this county, for the year 
 
 1876. 'ilsft- 
 
 The /osie Bell was built in 1875, by Goodrich & Campbell, of Corry, Pa. 
 Her length is 5 5 feet ; beam, 1 7 feet. She is designed for pleasure parties, 
 and has a cabin 20 by 1 1 feet, and a promenade deck. This boat conveyed 
 President Grant from Jamestown to Fair Point, in August, 1875. 
 
 There are several other small steamboats or yachts owned in Mayville, 
 designed for the use of those who are annually attracted to this favorite 
 resort of the seekers of health and recreation. They are the Hettie Hooker, 
 owned by Fox & Lyrie, being in length 32)^ feet; beam 5^ feet; the 
 
662 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 Olivia Hepburn, owned by Whiteside, Hepburn & Phillips, 53 feet long, by 
 8^ feet beam; the Lotus, 20 feet by 5^, owned by W. P. Whiteside; and 
 the Nereus, 38 feet, by 6 feet beam, owned by Warren & Hammond. This 
 boat conveyed Gen. Grant from Fair Point to Mayville. 
 
 Hotels. 
 
 The Fluvanna House is the oldest of the hotels on the lake. Samuel 
 Whittemore, from Concord, N. H., settled at this place, near the head of the 
 outlet, in 1826. He commenced, at an early day, the keeping of a public 
 house, which has been enlarged and improved, until it has attained a distinc- 
 tion of which its worthy founder could have had no idea when he started his 
 humble house of entertainment before Fluvanna had a name. It was the 
 first summer resort on the lake. The house has now a front of 216 feet, and 
 a depth of 70 feet. It is two stories high, and has fifty-two rooms. Its 
 dining room has a capacity to seat 150 persons. The house was kept by its 
 founder on the temperance plan, and is still so conducted by his son, who 
 inherited the estate. 
 
 The Sherwin House is a later and a smaller establishment, situated about 
 twenty rods from the Fluvanna House. It has a good reputation, and fur- 
 nishes to the sojourner, at a moderate price, a quiet and a pleasant summer 
 home. 
 
 The Lake Shore Hotel, at Griffith's Point, is also a first-class hotel, about 
 a mile above Fluvanna, and about five miles from Jamestown. It is owned 
 and kept by Frank L. Griffith. By repeated enlargements which have from 
 time to time become necessary, its proprietor is enabled to accommodate 
 250 boarders. The house, or the greater part of it, is four stories high, and 
 has a frontage on the lake of 200 feet, and has verandahs on two stories. 
 It has one hundred and fifteen rooms. The dining room is 94 by 30 feet, 
 and will seat 250 people. Its grove, lawn, play ground, row boats, etc., with 
 its excellent internal arrangements, can not fail to satisfy the most fastidious. 
 
 Bemus Point is about half way between the upper and lower ends of the 
 lake, on the east side. This is the longest point on the lake, at what is called 
 the Narrows. It takes its name from William Bemus, the first settler in the 
 town of Ellery. Here is the Chautauqua Lake House, owned and kept by 
 A. J. Pickard. It has a front of 150 feet, and is 60 feet on the lake road. 
 It has verandahs on two stories. It is perhaps sufficient to say of this house, 
 that it compares favorably with others along tHe^Wwe of the lake, and is 
 said to be well patronized. 
 
 The Garfield House, at this point, is a small house, capable of accommo- 
 dating only 30 or 40 people. Its surroundings, as those of other hotels along 
 the lake, are such as to make it an agreeable home. 
 
 Lake View is on the south shore of Chautauqua lake, four miles from 
 Jamestown, and within five minutes walk from the station of the Atlantic & 
 Great Western Railroad. The Kent House, at this place, was opened in 
 June, 1875. It is a very large house, new and complete in its appointments. 
 
SUPPLEMENT. 663 
 
 It has water and gas throughout, and has all modem conveniences, includ- 
 ing a steam laundry. It has a frontage on the lake of 336 feet, and is four 
 stones high, with verandahs surrounding every story, making a promenade 
 of nearly half a mile. The main dining hall is 100 feet in length, with a 
 small dining room 30 feet long, for the use of private parties desiring it. The 
 house has accommodation for 300 guests. People can be furnished with 
 rooms in cottages. The manager of this house is E. H. Bowen. 
 
 The Lake View House, but a short distance from the Kent House, stands 
 directly in front of the landing, and in the outskirts of a grove of hemlock 
 and chestnut trees. The house fronts on the lake 150 feet. The sides, 60 
 feet long, also afford a good water view. There are forty-three sleeping rooms, 
 nearly all of them commanding a view of the water. The house is three 
 stories high, with a verandah on two stories, extending around three sides. 
 It is owned by Hall, Packard & Co., and conducted by Mrs. A. D. Stough 
 & Son, late of the Forest City House, Cleveland, O. It is represented as a 
 well kept and pleasant hotel ; and it is commended to many by the fact that 
 no bar is kept in it, and no liquor sold on the premises. 
 
 Of the public houses on the lake shore, one only — the Chautauqua House 
 at Mayville — remains to be noticed. It is at the steamboat landing ; the 
 railroad passing between the house and the lake. Its proprietor is Mr. 
 Horace Fox, formerly of the Mayville House. It has a front of 120 feet, 
 and a side of 82 feet. It is three stories high, and has a hall above. It 
 has the reputation of a well managed hotel ; and every convenience neces- 
 sary to the comfort and enjoyment of guests, seems to have been provided. 
 Its eating rooms will seat 150 persons at their tables. 
 
 The Mayville House, formerly kept by Mr. Horace Fox, stands in the cen- 
 tral or business part of the village, on elevated ground, and near the court- 
 house and county offices, and nearly half a mile from the landing. The 
 building has four stories and a Mansard roof It has sixty-six sleeping rooms, 
 and can accommodate 100 to 125 guests. It has an observatory, from which 
 by the aid of a powerful glass, a number of towns, it is said, are distinctly 
 visible. Although originally intended for ordinary hotel purposes, it has be- 
 come a competitor of what are usually termed the lake boarding houses, and, 
 as is believed, with considerable success. Its proprietor is Mr. John R. 
 Robertson, formerly clerk of the county. 
 
 Fair Point. 
 
 The celebrity which this place has acquired within the last few years, 
 would justify a more extended notice of the " Point," and of the operations 
 of the " Association " under whose auspices it has attained its present posi- 
 tion, than the circumscribed limits of this history will permit. 
 
 The name of the corporation is " The Chautauqua Lake Camp-Meefmg 
 Association," and was organized under a general law of the state. Its object 
 was to acquire and hold lands in fee simple, or for a term of years, at or 
 near Chautauqua lake, within the bounds of the Erie Conference of the M. 
 
664 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 E. Church, for the purpose of holding camp-meetings thereon, and for other 
 purposes not inconsistent therewith. Surplus revenues accruing to the asso- 
 ciation are to go to the Erie Annual Conference for distribution among the 
 conference claimants. Life members are the persons named in the act of 
 incorporation ; contributors to the funds of the association not less than $50 ; 
 and churches are entitled to a life member for each $50 contributed. Per- 
 sons contributing $5 may be members for one year, and may attend meet- 
 ings ; but may not vote nor hold office. 
 
 The trustees elect, from their own number, a president, a vice-president, a 
 treasurer, and a secretary ; and, from the life members, a presidential com- 
 mittee of three, who, with the officers mentioned, constitute an executive 
 committee. Three-fourths of the trustees are to be members of the Metho- 
 dist church. 
 
 The association purchased, from Stephen M. Hunt, 50 acres of land for 
 $10,000, a part of which was laid out in lots of different sizes. 
 
 Ground is reserved for an auditorium 350 feet wide. The lots in the upper' 
 part of the grounds are to be of uniform size, and to be laid out on a better 
 plan ; and the central avenue is to be 100 feet wide, from the upper entrance 
 to its junction with the lower part. During the session of 1873, the idea 
 was advanced, that a convention of Sunday School workers would be bene- 
 ficial to the cause, and that this was a suitable place to hold it. The sug- 
 gestion was approved, and before the camp-meeting closed, the Sunday 
 School Association was formed; Lewis Miller, Esq., of Akron, Ohio, being 
 elected its president. 
 
 The sum expended for improvements, besides assembly improvements, is 
 about $12,000. There are, on the grounds, 135 cottages, i hotel, i general 
 office, 1 dining hall, i bath house, ticket offices, etc. Preparations for the 
 contemplated assembly in August, were commenced early in the spring, and 
 carried forward rapidly. An invaluable work, designed as an aid to Sunday 
 School instruction, was the Holy Land, in miniature, laid out on the shore 
 of the lake. It exhibited the more prominent features of Palestine — villages, 
 cities, mountains, valleys, rivers, seas, and plains, almost perfect in detail. 
 The first session of the assembly, in respect to numbers, was a great success. 
 Thousands, from great distances, were attracted thither by the announcement 
 of the names of distinguished speakers from different religious denomina- 
 tions. Thus encouraged, the directors were determined to make the second 
 session [in 1875,] an improvement on the former; and it is by many be- 
 lieved, they were successful. Whether the same degree of interest will be 
 kept up in succeeding years, time will determine. The fame of " Chautau- 
 qua lake and its surroundings," has become almost world-wide ; and there 
 are, as yet, no signs of their becoming less attractive as a summer resort. 
 
 Point Chautauqua Association. 
 
 This association is a stock company, incorporated under a general law of 
 the state, Sept. 30, 1875. The first regular movement in this enterprise was 
 
SUPPLEMENT. 665 
 
 made August 14, 1875, in cottage No. 215, Fair Point. Rev. Emerson Mills, 
 of Forestville, was chosen chairman, and Rev. J. H. Miller, of Mayville, 
 secretary. A committee, consisting of the following named persons, was 
 raised to look out grounds on Chautauqua lake, for the desired object: Revs. 
 J. B. Vrooman, J. H. Miller, E. Mills, R. H. Austin, A. M. Tenant, I. N. 
 Pease, Hon. Walter L. Sessions, Hon. W. W. Brown, Dennis Smith, and 
 Prof. Eaton. 
 
 The stock of the company consists of 400 shares of $100 each, of which 
 no one is allowed to hold more than ten shares. The directors are Hon- 
 Walter L. Sessions, Rev. J. B. Vrooman, Hon. W. W. Brown, A. K. Wing, 
 J. A. Parsons, E. R. Titus, N. Y. Elliott, Alexander Morian, Rev. J. H. Mil- 
 ler, E. L. Hedstrom, Prof J. H. Eaton, (Pittsburgh,) J. R. Robertson, Rev. 
 R. H. Austin, Daniel Williams, Rev. I. N. Pease. Walter L. Sessions is 
 president ; J. H. Miller, secretary; N. Y. Elliott, treasurer. 
 
 The association has pmchased between 100 and 200 acres of land on the 
 eastern shore of Chautauqua lake, about 2% miles from Mayville. The soil 
 is dry, and suitable for building purposes. On the grounds is a beautiful 
 grove of maples, with a variety of other trees ; the timber being all of second 
 growth. The grove, consisting of about 20 acres, is to be used as a park : 
 near the center of which is an auditorium that will accommodate 10,000 
 people. On the west side is a pavilion that will accommodate from 1,500 to 
 2,000 people. Mr. Frederic L. Olmsted, of New York, is laying out the 
 grounds, -designed for summer residences. Between 100 and 200 cottages 
 are to be completed by the first of August next. The Harmony Baptist As- 
 sociation, with several other like bodies, is expected to meet there the last 
 week in August, 1876. The grove will be used for picnics, meetings of 
 various kinds, and specially for the general anniversaries of the Baptist de- 
 nomination. Two-thirds of the directors must be Baptists ; but others are 
 entitled to equal rights as stockholders. Stock, to the amount of nearly 
 $40,000, has been taken. The association paid for the entire purchase 
 $2,820. All the money realized from the sale of stock and lots over and 
 above the purchase money, is to be expended for improvements. The capi- 
 tal stock can not exceed $60,000. The grounds were formerly known as 
 " Leet's Point." 
 
 ASSESSED VALUE OF REAL AND PERSONAL ESTATE, 
 
 and the amount of Taxes in Chautauqua County in the years mentioned. 
 
 Years. Real Property. Personal. Total. Taxes. 
 
 1870 $13,922,429 $1,832,016 $14,754,445 $249,705 
 
 187 1 14,087,079 1,672,084 15,159,163 243,433 
 
 1872 14,216,758 1,634,209 15,850,967 268,399 
 
 1873 14,734,580 1,529,629 16,264,209 246,423 
 
 1874 37,535>849 3.634>7i4 41,170,563 277,225 
 
 1875 36,348,282 3,366,070 39,714,352 246,489 
 
 The great increase of assessed value of property in 1874, is accounted for 
 
666 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 by the previous prevalent practice of assessing property at less than one-half 
 of its actual cash value. 
 
 POPULATION OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 1820 12,568 
 
 1830 34,671 
 
 1840 47,975 
 
 1850 5°, 493 
 
 i860 58,422 
 
 1870 59,327 
 
 1875 64,529 
 
 LODGES. 
 
 The organization of the Lodges, and the names of early and present 
 members and officers, are given in the sketches of the towns in which they 
 were formed. A number of these not thus noticed, are the following : 
 
 United Brethren Lodge of Free Masons in Busti was installed at the house 
 of Herman Bush, July 4, 1826. Herman Bush, Ajf. M. 
 
 Harmony Lods;e. Ashville, installed Aug. 16, 1826. Com. of Arrange- 
 ments — Hiram Alden, Isaac Fitch, John Stow. 
 
 Albion' Lodge, Westfield, installed Aug. 14, 1826. Cora, of Arrangements 
 — Jonathan Cass, Aaron Rumsey, Carleton Jones, Joshua R. Babcock. E. 
 T. Foote, installing officer. 
 
 Forest Lodge, F. &= A. M., oi Fredonia, is said to have been the first estab- 
 lished in the county. Of the date of its organization and the names of its 
 officers, we have no account. A lodge by this name, No. 166, a new organ- 
 ization, was founded in 1850, whose officers were Suel H. Dickinson, M. : 
 John Sloan, ^^ W. ; Robert Cowden, J. W. ; JoHn Lawson, treas. ; Henry 
 Bosworth, sec. In 1874, its officers were Wm. M. Lester, W. M. ; James H. 
 Lake, S. W. ; John G. Cohoe, J. W. ; Junius C. Frisbee, treas. ; John C. 
 Mullett, sec. ; K. W. Forbes, S. D. ; Benj. Thompson, J. D. ; L. Morris, 
 marshal ; John G. Paschke, tyler. 
 
 Summit Lodge, No. 2ig, Westfield, was organized June 11, 185 1. \\s, first 
 officers were : Thomas B. Campbell, W. M. ; Abijah Clark, S. W. ; Dexter 
 Barnes, J. W. Present officers [1874.]— J. C. Gififord, W. M. ; H. R, Smith, 
 S. W. ; John Heron, J. W. ; J. H, Haight,,S. D. ; J. Bartlett, J. D. ; E. S. 
 Bartholomew, master of cer. ; Caleb Holland, tyler ; P. Bemus, sec. ; John 
 L. Hutchins, treas. ; J. C. Schofield, chaplain. 
 
 Peacock Lodge, No. 6p6, of Free and Accepted Masons, [named after the 
 Hon. William Peacock,] was organized in Mayville, February 28, 1869 ; 
 chartered June 9, 1869. James Gibson, Grand Master. First officers — 
 Nicholas G. Luke, W. M. ; George Wood, S. W. ; John F. Young, J. W. ; 
 Amos K. Warren, treas. ; Otis E. Tiffany, sec'y; William S. Gleason, S. D, ; 
 Peter M. Pickard, J. D. ; Horace Fox, master of cer. ; Cyrus Underwood, Jr., 
 tyler. Present officers — Wm. S. Gleason, W. M. ; Wm. Chace, S. W. ; Marion 
 A. Keyes, J. W. ; Hiram D. Barnes, treas. ; Lewis M. Smith, sec'y ; John M. 
 Seymour, S. D. ; Martin F. Whallon, J. D. ; Daniel Mills, Cyrus Underwood, 
 M. of C. ; Charles Saulpaugh, tyler. Present members, 60. [Sept. 1873.] 
 
SUPPLEMENT. 66j 
 
 Fredonia Lodge, No. 338, I. O. O. F. Instituted Nov. 8, 1872. First 
 officers— Gtorgt C. Rood, N. G. ; Charles F. Matteson, V. G. ; J. M. Tif- 
 fany, treas. ; J. K. Starr, sec. Present officers, (probably 1874:) — C. F. 
 Matteson, N. G. ; George D. Hinckley, V. G. ; J. M. Tiffany, treas. ; J. K. 
 Starr, sec. 
 
 Fredonia R. A. Chapter, No. 76. Date of organization not given. Nath- 
 an L. Payne, H. P. ; J. Warren Lake, king ; James D. Wells, scribe ; 
 Junius C. Frisbee, treas. ; John C. Mullett, sec. 
 
668 HISTORY OF CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. 
 
 NOTES AND CORRECTIONS. 
 
 John BirdsaU'vs, said, p. 27, to have been appointed circuit judge, while 
 residing in Lockport. It was so written on what was supposed to be good 
 authority. It is, however, elsewhere stated, and, it is presumed correctly, 
 that his appointment, in 1826, was made after he had become a resident of 
 Mayville. 
 
 Big Black Walnut Tree. — A description of this remarkable curiosity in the 
 town of Hanover, is on pages 414-15. Following, in close connection, the 
 historical sketch of Forestville, readers unacquainted with the history of this 
 famed tree, would naturally infer that it grew near Walnut creek in Forest- 
 ville. As it stood near that stream in the village of Silver Creek, its 
 description should have been inserted in the sketch of that village. 
 
 Charles P. Young, who is mentioned, p. 83, as being from Ellery, was at 
 that time a resident of the town of Chautauqua. 
 
 Sherman. The newspaper in which the " Fragments of History " were 
 published, page 545, was the Western New Yorker, an earlier paper at 
 Sherman than the News. 
 
 Conewango, the name of a stream in the south-east part of this county, and 
 of a town in Cattaraugus county, is often spelled with the letter n double be- 
 fore the e. In writing this work, this spelling was adopted upon authority 
 deemed reliable. From further examination, it seems that early usage, as 
 well as propriety, is in favor of a single n. As uniformity is desirable, it is 
 hoped the word will hereafter be written only Conewango. 
 
 P. 77, 7th line from bottom, for 1810, read 1807. 
 
 P. 88, 15th line^rom bottom, for "John Eason," read David Eason. 
 
 P. 273, 9th line from bottom, for "two sons," read ten sons. 
 
 P. 324, bottom line, for " Rogers," read Hedges. 
 
 P. 416, 23d line, for " 1836," read r636. 
 
 P. 417, 3d line, for " 1857," read 1757. 
 
 P. 642, ist and 2d lines. Mr. Marvin held only the office of special 
 county judge, to which office William Green was elected in 1855. 
 
ADDITIONAL CORRECTIONS. 
 
 Page 240. Southland Family. For " I. Caroline M., who married Rev. Asahcl 
 Chapin,'' read Catharine M., &c. 
 
 P. 256. For "Philip Sink," read Philip Link. 
 
 P. 281, 282. Tracy Family. Last line, p. 281, after Erie, read county. P. 282. 
 Jedediah R. died in Westfield, in 1850 ; his widow resides in Iowa. Clarinda, in thtr 
 order of birth, preceded Perry. Phebe married Adley Randall. Martha M., wife of 
 Henry IV. Bessac. Harriet M. married J. Otto Green. Add, ro. Asahel B., who 
 married Isabella Campbell, and resides at Mayville. 
 
 P. 282. For "Samuel S. Wallon, " read Samuel S. Whallon. 
 
 P. 315. Line 14, for " Azariah Bennett,'' read Alnjali Bennett. 
 
 P. 343. Line 7, for " Rufus Landon, '' read Reuben Landon. 
 
 P. 372 Family of Samuel B. Winsor. Ruby C. is wife of Hiram Hazzard. 
 
 P. 442. Family of .Sardiu's Steward. Read Helen Abniiia, wife of James H. Polley. 
 
 P. 485, 485. John P. and Ralph H. Hall. The name of the former in hi.s sketch, p. 
 485, is correctly given, though he i^, on p. 486, alluded to as John A. The name uf his 
 lii^other, copied from an incorrect source, is given on both pages as Ralph .\'., instead of 
 Ralph H. [See also p. 647.] 
 
 P. 506. David Eaton, born I-/S2. 
 
 P. 524. Last line, read Clarissa, daughter of Burban Brockway. 
 
 P. 528. Line 8, read Simeon, who married Ak'ina Fuller. 
 
 P. 613. Sketch of Hiram Tiffany. For "two children,'' read no children. 
 
 P. 650. Line r, for " Jolin Dixon,'' read Abram Dixon. 
 
 P. 654. Omission supplied. The names of John P. Hall and Samuel Barrett, members 
 of assembly in 1850, do not appear in the list. 
 
 P. 664. Line lo, for "presidential," t^-^A prudential. 
 
 P. 665. The purchase money paid by the Point Chautauqua Association, is stated to 
 be .'$2,820. The sum paid was $28,200. 
 
INDEX, 
 
 Agriculture, early ; first county agricultural society, 149-50. 
 
 Akin, Joseph, first settler in Kiantone, 77. 
 
 America, discovery of, 63 ; Royal charters, 63. 
 
 Allegany county, from what counties formed, and when, no. 
 
 Animals, wild, 81 ; wolves, destruction of, 81 ; wolf hunt, 82 ; encounters with bears, 
 83-84. 
 
 Anti-masonry, history of, 166. 
 
 Antislavery, history of, 146-8 ; early antislavery papers, 146 ; meetings broken up, 147 ; 
 petitions in congress, treatment of, 147-8. 
 
 Ashes, how manufactured, and value of, 94 ; quantity manufactured, 95-7. 
 
 Bake-kettle, or Dutch oven, 87. 
 
 Bears, encounter with, by Wyman Bugbee, 83 ; and by Jehial Tiffany, 84. 
 
 Bemus, Wm. early settler in Ellery, 77. 
 
 Bennett, Abijah, and son, capture of, by Indians, 322. 
 
 Bloss, William, a noted wood chopper and marksman, 390—1. 
 
 Boundary line between the whites and Indians, 49 ; between New York and Pennsylva- 
 nia, 60. 
 
 Broadhead, Col., expedition of, 50 ; superseded by Col. William Irvine, 53. 
 
 Buffalo and bison, habitation of, 29. 
 
 Bugbee, Wyman, fight of, with bear, 83. 
 
 Bucktails and Clintonians, history of, 162-3. 
 
 Cabins, log, construction of, 78. 
 
 Camp, Rev. Phineas, labors of, as missionary, 106. 
 
 Canadaway, early settlement of, 75-6. 
 
 Cattaraugus county, when formed, and from what counties, 1 10. 
 
 Charters, granted to colonists, by kings of England, 64, 
 
 Chautauqua, origin and name of, 35 ; lake, British and Indian expedition over, 51. 
 
 Chautauqua, town of, and early settlement, 262 ; history of, 262-70. 
 
 Chautauqua county, formation and organization of, 109-14; divisions of, 115-16. 
 
 Chautauqua lake, history of, its commerce, attractions, &c., 659-65. 
 
 Clearing land, description of, 80. 
 
 Clinton, Simeon, killed by lightning, 226. 
 
 Clintonian and bucktail parties, history of, 162-3. 
 
 Clinton, De Witt, candidate for governor, 1 68. 
 
 Cochran, Alexander, first settler in Ripley, 75. 
 
 Cole, Mrs., a heroine of the war of l8l2, 303. 
 
 Cooking, early, described, 87. 
 
 Corn crackers, or hominy blocks, description and use of, 89. 
 
 Com, manner of harvesting ; corn huskings, 86-7. 
 
 County, early settlement, 70 ; the McMahan purchases, 73. 
 
 Cross Roads, early settlement at, 74; [see Westfield.] 
 
 Cushing, Zattu, early settler at Fredonia, 468 ; his perils on Lake Erie, and narrow 
 escape, 468. 
 
670 INDEX. 
 
 De Celeron, French captain, takes possession of Western Pennsylvania, 35. 
 
 Deer hunting, a common business, 85. 
 
 Denonville, governor of Canada, expedition of, against Indians, 29. 
 
 Division of business, 98, 99. 
 
 Dunkirk, settlement of, 304. 
 
 Dunn, James, early settler in Portland, 76. 
 
 Early dwellings, description of, 78. 
 
 Eclipse of the sun, total, June 16, 1806, interesting description of, 218. 
 
 EUicott, first settlement in, 77. 
 
 Expedition, British and Indians, over Chautauqua lake, 51. 
 
 Family or household manufacturing, 89. 
 
 Fare of the early settlers ; flour obtained from Canada and Niagara Falls, 88 ; leeks used 
 for food, 88. 
 
 Farming, early, 85 ; rude implements, description of, and mode of harvesting, 85-6, 
 
 Fort Niagara, reoccupied and reconstructed by the French, 35. 
 
 Frank settlement, in Busti, 235. Franks captured by Indians, 235-6. 
 
 French and Indian war, causes of, 34. 
 
 Genesee county, when formed, and of what territory composed, no. 
 
 Granger, Francis, candidate for governor, 16S. 
 
 Habeas corpus, suspension of writ of, in civil -.var, 191. 
 
 Hennepin, Louis, explorations of, with La Salle and Tonti, 28. 
 
 Holland Land Company, lands purchased by, 66 ; policy of, 126-8 ; sell their lands, 
 129-31 ; Genesee tariff, 130-1 ; destruction of land-office, 131 ; policy of Mr. Sew- 
 ard, 131-5 ; Cherry Valley Company's purchase, 135. 
 
 Holmes, Orsamus, u Revolutionary soldier, his wonderful adventures, 540-3. 
 
 Hontan, Baron La, and Denonville, expedition of, against the Senecas, 29. Uis de- 
 scription of the Lake Erie country, 29. 
 
 Household manufactures, 89 ; spinning, weaving, and dyeing, 89-90. 
 
 Hominy-mills or hominy-blocks, construction and use of, 89. 
 
 Independence, celebration of, first in Ellicott, 331. 
 
 Indians, Neutral and Huron Iroquois nations, 20 ; wars of, 25 ; territory occupied liy dif- 
 ferent tribes, 30. Early occupation of Chautauqua county, by, 32. 
 
 Irvine, Col. Wni., supersedes Broadhead, 53 ; Washington's correspondence with, 54-60. 
 
 Jamestown, settlement of, 335. Village of, incorporated, 343. 
 
 Jemison, Mary, alias "White Woman," capture of, by Indians, 31. 
 
 Jesuits, early mission of, to America, 24. 
 
 Johnson, Sir Wm., journey of, to Detroit, 46. 
 
 Joncaire, Capt., Frenchman, interview with Gen. Washington, 30. 
 
 Judges Elial T. Foote and Thomas B. Campbell, retirement of, 648-50. 
 
 Kennedy, Dr. Thomas R., purchaser of tract in Poland, 77. 
 
 Kingsley, Edward B., a chopper and marksman in Arkwright, 224-5. 
 
 Land, gospel ; see gospel land, 108. 
 
 Lands, western, cession of, to general government, 64 ; dispute, concerning, between New 
 York and Massachusetts, 64. 
 
 Lane, George, early visit of, to Chautauqua county, 107. 
 
 La Salle, the French explorer, 26. 
 
 La Fayette, in Chautauqua, 135-42 ; sketch of, 135-6 ; reception at Westfield, 136-S ; 
 reception at Fredonia, 139-42. 
 
 Leeks, food of early settlers, 88. 
 
 Lumber, manufacture of, at Jamestown and vicinity, 376-9. 
 
 Mack, John, ferry of, at Cattaraugus, 73. 
 
 Mail, first, from Ellicottville to Mayville, 256. 
 
 Marquette and Joliet, French explorers of Mississippi country, 27, 
 
 Massachusetts, sale of her lands to Phelps and Gorham, 64-5. 
 
INDEX. 6/1 
 
 Massachusetts and New York, conflicting claims of, for lands, in New York, 64; dispute 
 
 concerning, how settled, 64. 
 Mcftenry, early settler at Westfield ; death of, by drowning, 74. 
 McMahan, John and James, purchases of, 73' 
 Mclntyre, Alexander, first settler in Chautauqua, 77. 
 Mails and mail routes, 1 19—26. 
 Medical societies, 148-9. Chautauqua County Medical Society, 148 ; Eclectic Medical 
 
 Society, 148-9. 
 Methodism, early introduction of, in the county, 107. 
 Missionaries, Rev. John Spencer, 106-7 > Revs. John Lindsley, Phineas Camp, Asa 
 
 Turner, and George Lane, 107-8. 
 Morris, Robert, purchase of lands by, from Mass., 65 ; sales to Holland Company, 66. 
 Mound builders, 17. 
 Newspapers, list of, 194; Chautauqua Farmer, 634; Western New Yorker and Sherman 
 
 News, 667. 
 Ohio Company, large land grant to, by Great Britain, 35. 
 
 Old settlers' festivals, — Reiinion at Fredonia, 197-207. Cushing's address, 198-9. Offi- 
 cers of the meeting, 199-200. Interesting proceedings, 200-7. Reiinion at Forest- 
 ville, 207-10. Reiinion at Jamestown, 2io-i8. Judge Marvin's address, 211-13. 
 Further proceedings, 213-18. 
 Phelps and Gorham's piircha.se, in Western New York, 64-5. 
 Pioneer lift;, reflections on, 99-101. 
 
 Political history ; early parties, federal and republican, 155-60. Alien and sedition laws, 
 158-9. Virginia and Kentucky resolutions, 159. Elections in Chautauqua county, 
 160-2. Parties in New York ; bucktails and Clintonians, 162-6. Antimasonic party, 
 166-9. American party, 169-71. Present parties, 171. 
 Portage road, history of, 37, 1 16-17 ; f™"' Erie to La Boeuf, by Duquesne, 38. 
 Post-offices, post routes, and postmasters, early, 120-4. 
 
 Prendergast families, settlement of, in Chautauqua, 77. Journey from Pittstown to Ten- 
 nessee, and thence to Chautauqua, 264-6. Jediah and Martin, early merchants at 
 Mayville and Jamestown, trade of, 92-3. 
 Railroads in Chautauqua, 150-55. New York and Erie, 150-52. Buffalo and Erie, and 
 other roads, 153. Atlantic & Great Western, 153-4. Dunkirk, Allegany & Pitts- 
 burgh, 154-5. Buffalo & Jamestown, 155. 
 Register, official, of county officers, legislative and judicial, 652. 
 Religious history, 104-9. 
 Roads, early, 116-19; old Portage road, 37, 116-17; from Pennsylvania to Chautauqua 
 
 lake, 117-18; Mayville and Cattaraugus, 118-19. 
 Robert Morris, purchaser of Massachusetts lands in Western New York, 65-6 ; sells, to 
 
 Holland Land Company, 65-9. 
 Schools, tarly, description of, 102-4 i school funds, 104-5. 
 Settlers, condition of; causes of general depression, 128-9. 
 Smith, Walter, merchant of Fredonia and Dunkirk, sketch of, 309-12. 
 Sottle, Amos, early settler at Irving, 70-3. 
 Spencer, Rev. John, missionary, early labors of, 105-6. 
 Spinsters, itinerant ; [see Household Manufactures,] 89. 
 St. Clair, defeated by the Indians, and succeeded by Gen. Wayne, 61. 
 State boundary line, between New York and Pennsylvania, 60. 
 Stores and trade, 91 ; early prices of goods, 92-4. 
 Sugar, maple, price of, 94 ; loaf, or refined, 98. 
 Surgical operation, remarkable, in Charlotte, 252-3. 
 Survey of boundary line between New York and Pennsylvania, 60, 61. 
 Tammany Society, political, in New York, 162. 
 
672 INDEX. 
 
 Temperance history, 142-6 ; drinking customs, 142-4 ; reform measures, 144-6 ; county 
 society, organization of, 144; Washingtonians, 145; Sons of Temperance, Good 
 Templars, 145. 
 
 Throop, Enos T. , democratic candidate for governor, 168. 
 
 Thompson, Smith, national republican candidate for governor, 168. 
 
 Tiffany, Jehiel, encounter with bear, 84. 
 
 Trade, nature of, 97-8. 
 
 Treaties with Indians by the state of Pennsylvania, 61. 
 
 Turner, Rev. Asa, early missionary labors of, and death, 107. 
 
 Van Buren, Martin, democratic candidate for governor, 168. 
 
 War history — war of 1812, 172-81. Causes of the war, 172-3. Chautauqua militia dur- 
 ing the war, 173-81. Battle of Black Rock, 175-7. Officers of companies, 178-9. 
 Eaton's letter, 180. Civil War — its origin, 182. South Carolina secedes, 183. Hos- 
 tilities commence, 184^5. Southern confederacy, 184. Patriotic meetings, 186-9. 
 Seward's instructions to Dayton, 190. Suspension of habeas corpus, 191. Measures 
 for prosecuting the war, 192-3. No. soldiers, 194. 
 
 War, French and Indian, causes of, 34 ; fall of Pittsburgh, 47 ; surrenders to the English, 
 48 ; Pontiac's war, 48. 
 
 W^ars, Indian, conclusion, 61. 
 
 Washington, journey of, to French Creek, 45 ; built a fort at Pittsburgh, 45 ; fall of Pitts- 
 burgh, 47. 
 
 Wayne, Gen. Anthony, his expedition and defeat of the Indians, 61. 
 
 Westfield, early settlement of, 73 ; later settlements in, 555-8 ; stores, mills, manufactories, 
 etc., 589-91. 
 
 Williams, Richard, mail contractor, 122 ; Sophia, his wife, a heroine mail carrier, 122. 
 
 Willson, William, first settler in Ellicott, 77. 
 
 Wolves, bounties paid for the destruction of, 81 ; great wolf hunt in Stockton, 82. 
 
 Worksburg, settlement of, 332.