QJornell Iniceraitg ffitbcarg FROM THE BENNO LOEWY LIBRARY COLLECTED BY BENNO LOEWY 1854-1919 BEQUEATHED TO CORNELL UNIVERSITY HS596 .Gm"°" ""'™"">' "-"""^ modern olin,anx 3 1924 030 290 666 Overs The original of this book is in the Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924030290666 PublisJied for the benefit of the Masonic Charities. THE FOUR OLD LODGES, jfounirers of JHoirrrn JTremasonrg, AND THEIR DESCENDANTS. A RECORD OF THE PROGRESS OF THE CRAFT IN ENGLAND AND OP THE CAREER OF EVERY REGULAR LODGE DOWN TO THE UNION OF 1813. With an Authentic Compilation of Descriptive Lists for Historic Keference. By ROBERT FREKE GOULD, Late 31st Eegiment, BARRISTER-AT-LAW. Past Ages Ume like Sivers comieied dovine to us, (upon thejloate) the more light and sophistooall pieces of Lea/rrdng; hut what were Profound and Misterious, the weight and solidity thereof, smike to the Bottome; whence every one who attempts to dive, cannot easily fetch them up. Brother Elias Ashmolb (a.d. 1652). LONDON: SPENCER'S MASONIC DEPOT, Opposite Freemasons' Hall. 1879. LONDON: PRINTED AT THE OFFICE OF THE FKEEMASON'S CHRONIOLB, 67 BARBICAN, B.C. TO JOHN HAVERS, Esq. Past Geand "Wabden, In admiration of unrivalled Services rendered to English Masonry, within Living Memory; This Record of MASONIC PROGRESS Is Respectfully and Fraternally Dedicated, BY THE AUTHOI^, TABLE OF CONTENTS. Design of Work Parallelism between Grand Lodges of England and Scotland Revival of Masonry, A.D. 1717 List of Lodges (Constitutions), 1723 List of Lodges (Bowen), 1728 List of Lodges (Pine), 1725 Listsof" Old "Lodges, 1729-30 Listof" Old "Lodges, 1738 Lists of " Old " Lodges, 1736-1878 Difficnltiea of Lodge Identification Original No. 1 now Lodge of Antiquity, No. 2 Original No. 2 Original No. 3 now Fortitude and 0. C. Lodge, No. 12 Original No. 4 now Boyal Somerset and Inverness, No. 4 Publication of Books of Constitution. . . Dr. Anderson's Statements borne out by G. Lodge Becords Precedency — Begulations in regard to Distinguished Members of Original No. 4 ... Operative and Speculative elements of the Society.. Grand Masters Sayer, Payne, and Besaguliers Lists of "Old" Lodges, 1739-40; 1755-56; and 1768 The Friendship Lodge, No. 6; British, No. 8; W. and Keystone, No. 10; Boyal Alpha, No. 16 Tuscan, No. 14 ; Old Dundee, No. 18 ; and Boyal Kent Lodge of Antiquity, No. 20 Old Lodges and Old Tavern Signs ... Summary of Lodge Lists referred to Early usages of Masons Begulations enacted by the Girand Lodge ... The Four Old Lodges — Preston's account of Section 1 1 2 3 4 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 18 13 13 13 13 13 14 15 16 16 17 17 18 Page 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 7 7 7 7 9 9 9 10 10 12 13 16 17 17 18 Position and Privileges of the London Masons Bro. William Preston Secession of the Lodge of Antiquity Four Grand Lodges of England a.d. 1779 ... Precedency of the Grand Stewards' Lodge. . . Legality and Masonic character of the Grand Lodge disputed The " Complete Freemason," or " Multa Paueis " .. General Assemblies Manifesto of the Lodge of Antiquity Old Begulations versus New Begulations . . . Composition of Grand Lodge. : Committee of Charity , Privileges of the Grand Stewards Ancient Land Marks The Great Schism of 1739-1813 The Boyal Arch Degree Protest of the York Masons Union of the " Moderns " and " Ancients "... Origin of Freemasonry Simplicity of the Original Masonic Bite Degrees in Freemasonry Original Plan of Freemasonry " Passing " and " Eaising " by Four Old Lodges Status of Lodge of Antiquity Lapse of Original No. 2 Status of Fortitude and 0. C. Lodge Status of the Boyal Somerset House and Inverness Lodge Periods of Establishment of Four Old Lodges Analogy between Grand Lodges of England and Scotland ... Snpercession of Four Old Lodges SectioH Page 18 19 18 20 19 21 20 22 21 22 22 23 22 23 22 23 23 26 24 29 24 30 24 31 24 31 25 32 26 33 26 35 27 35 28 36 29 37 29 39 29 39 29 41 30 42 31 42 32 42 33 42 34 45 35 45 36 46 36 47 APPENDIX. Page List of Lodgbs — 1725-29 ... 1730 1736-39 ... 1740-55 ... 49 50 51 58 List op Lodges — 1756-69 1770-80 1781-91 1792-1813 Addenda bt Cokeisenda Page 82 Page 57 62 68 75 THE FOUR OLD LODGES. PAET I. § 1 . — I. It is the design of the following remarks, pri- marily, to elucidate the history and status of the survivors of the Four Old Lodges who, on the Festival of St. John the Baptist A.D., 1717, met and instituted the premier Grand Lodge of the World (') — and, incidentally, to trace back to their earliest periods and places of assembly in the last century, various Lodges now existing, vyhich were called into being during the half century immediately following such Masonic revival. We all, as Masons, enter into the original inheritance of tradition, but there is no brother who has a larger share in that noble inheritarice, than he who has had the good fortune to be received into the Craft, under the auspices of either of those old Lodges, whose vigorous offspring, the United Grand Lodge of England, has now attained such a meridian splendour. An interest, however, in the Time Immemorial Lodges, (is not restricted to their own members, since every brother holding under the English Constitution, is directly con- cerned in the history, privileges, and status, of the Masonic parents of all English Lodges now existing. But our " Old Lodges " have, in truth, been too much neglected and forgotten, to the lasting reproach of the English Craft; not so, however, under the Masonic government of a sister kingdom — the old Lodges of Scotland are encircled by a halo of prestige, enjoy an honourable precedency over all Lodges of later date, and in Bros. D. M. Lyon and Laurie (^) have found able chroniclers, with whom it has indeed been a labour of love, to dilate upon their unrivalled antiquity. The oldest Lodge records in the world, those of the Lodge of Edinburgh, St. Mary's Chapel, No. 1 ; the archives of the Grand Lodge of Scotland ; the store of manuscripts preserved in Mother Kilwinning, and other pre-eighteenth centary Lodges, having each in turn been laid under con- tribution by these indefatigable brethren. With us, however, a, history of Freemasonry and the ( I ) Hughan, Masonic Memorials of the TJnion. ( 2 ) History of the Lodge of Edinburgh, D. M. Lyon. History of freemasonry and the Grand Lodge of Scotland, Laurie. Grand Lodge of England, remains to be written ; our premier Lodges yet await an adequate and enduring memorial, of their exertions as the pioneers of Masonic progress ; neither have they been compensated for this neglect of the Craft, by any especial favours from Grand Lodge, which has not judged it unreasonable that the equanimity of its " Masonic parents " should be periodi- cally disturbed, by having passed over their heads Lodges of later date, to higher positions of rank and precedency. The following slight sketch of the history and privileges of the Four Old Lodges, is, in the main, based on materials accessible to the entire Craft, viz., the Constitutions, pub- lished from time to time by order of Grand Lodge ; the various lists of Lodges, the "Illustrations of Masonry," by the late W. Preston, and other well known Masonic Text Books. II. It is a curious coincidence, that the establishment of the Grand Lodge of Scotland, on 30th Nov. 1736, was also due to the exertions of Four Metropolitan Lodges (Edin- burgh), who convened a meeting "at St. Mary's Chapell," " in order to concur in the election of a Grand Master." Thirty -three Lodges are recorded to have been represented on this occasion, and at the first Quarterly Communication, all Lodges who were not regularly constittited were enjoined to apply for a new Constitution, in order that they might be enrolled on the Grand Lodge Registry ; and those who had ieen properly constituted were required to exhibit their patents for confirmation thereof. In consequence of this, almost all the Lodges applied for new Constitutions, and by a ready and voluntary renunciation of their former rights, evinced the steadiness of their attachment to the Grand Lodge of Scotland, and their unfeigned acknow- ledgment of her jurisdiction and power. (') It will be convenient to proceed, firstly, with a chrono- logical record of the Four Old Lodges ; secondly, with a consideration of the especial privileges (if any) stipulated ( 3) Laniie, pp 97, 101, § 33 (V.) THE FOUR OLD LODGES. for by, and accorded to them ; and, thirdly, with some concluding observations on their status at the present day. § 2.—" And after the Rebellion was over, A.D. 1716,* the few lodges at London, finding themselves neglected by Sir Christopher Wren, thought fit to cement nnder a Qrcmd Master, as the Centre of Union and Harmony, viz., the Lodges that met — 1. At the Qoose and Qridiron Ale-honse in St. Pauls Chwrchya/rd. 2. At the Crown Ale-house in Parkers Lane near Drury Lane. 3. At the Apple Tree Tavern in Charles Street, Oovent Qa/rden. 4. At the Rummer and Qrwpes Tavern in Cha/miel Bow, Westminster, " They and some old Brothers met at the said Apple Tree, and having pnt into the chair the oldest Master Mason (now the Master of a Lodge), they constituted a Gkand Lodge pro tempore in due form, and forthwith revived the Quarterly Communication of the Officers of Lodges (call'd the Or and Lodge), resolved to hold the annmal ASSEMBLY and Feast, and then to chuse a Gband Mastek from among themselves till they should have the Honour of a noble Brother at their Head. Accordingly On St. John Baptist day, in the 3rd year of King George the 1st, A.D. 1717, THE ASSEMBLY and Feast of the Free amd Accepted Masons was held at the foresaid Qoose and Qridiron Alehouse. " Before Dinner, the oldest Master Mason (now the Master of a Lodge) in the chair, proposed a list of proper candidates : and the Brethren by a majority of hands elected Mr. ANTONY SAYER Gentleman Qramd Master of Masons, Grand Wardens who being forthwith in- C Mr. Jacob Lamball vested with the Badges i Carpenter o( Office anAFoiverbjthe (.Oapt. Joseph Elliot, said Oldest Master and install'd was duly congratulated by the Assembly who pay'd him the Romage." § 3.— LIST OP LODGES, No. 1. The following is the first List of Lodges ever printed, and was appended to the earliest Book of Constitutions, published in 1723. The " Approbation " of this work § 18 (VL) imme- diately preceded the signatures of the undermentioned brethren. §§ 17 (V.) and 23 (IV). Philip, Dtjke op Whaetow, GRAND MASTER. J.T. Desagulieks(i), lL.D. and F.R.S., Deputy Gband Master. Joshua TmsoN, Blacksmith | ^^^j, Wardens. William Hawkins, Mason ) And the Masters and Wardens of particular Lodges, viz. : — I. — Thomas Mobbis sen. Master. John Bristow Wardens. Abraham Abbot . II. — Riohakd Hall . Master. Philip Wolverston . > Wardens. John Doyer . III. — John Tuenee Master. Anthony Sayer^) 1 Wardens. Edward Cale IT.— Mr. Geoege Payne(3) Master. Stephen Hall, M.D. 1 Wardens. Francis Sorell, Esq. V. — Mr. Math. Biekhead(< Master. Francis Baily \ Wardens. Nicholas Abraham VI.— William Read Master. John Glover . Robert Cordell ( Wardens. * Constitutions 1738, p 109. VII. — Henry Beanson Henry Lug . John Townshend VIII.- Jonathan Sisson John Shipton } Wardens. Master. ■ Wardens. Master, t Wardens. Master. Wardens. Master. ■ Wardens. Master. I Wardens. Master. 12. — Geobgb Owen, M.D. Eman Bowen John Heath . John Lubton . Richard Smith XL — Francis, Earl op Dalkeith( Capt. Andrew Robinson Col. Thomas Inwood XII.— John Beal, M.D. and F.R.S, Edward Pawlet, Esq. Charles More, Esq. XIII. — Thomas Moeeis jun. . Joseph Ridler John Clark . XrV. — Thomas Robbe, Esq. . Thomas Grave Bray Lane . " XV. — Mr. John Shepherd John Senez . John Buoler . XVI. — John Gboeges, Esq. Robert Gray, Esq. Charles Grymes, Esq. . XVII. — James Anderson, A.M.(8) The §.®Si®|L of this l^ffiffif Gwinn Vaugban, Esq. . Walter Greenwood, Esq, XVIII. — Thomas Harbin William Attley John Saxon . XIX. — Robert Oapell Isaac Mansfield William Bly XX. — John Gorman Charles Garey Edward Morphey (1) Grand Master 1719. ' (2) Grand Master 1717. (8) Grand Master 1718 and 1720. (*) The author of E.A. song, the words of which are bonnd up with this Edition of the Constitutions, headed " by the late Mr. Mat. Birkhead." (s) Grand Master 1723. (^) Author (or Editor) of the "Book of Constitutions," published by the " Graud Lodge of England " in 1723 and 1738 respectively. The above list comprises the four old Lodges, together with sixteen new Lodges, constituted between 1717 and 1723. It will be seen that Bro. Anthony Sayer, the premier Grand Master of Freemasons, was a member of original No. 3, and Bro. George Payne, his successor in the Grand Mastership, a member of original No. 4. Indeed, to the close connection between Bro. Payne and this latter Lodge is entirely due its present continuance on the roll. Master. V Wardens. Master. I Wardens. Master. ? Wardens. Master. i Wardens. Master. y Wardens. Master. I Wardens. Master. ► Wardens. Master. ■ Wardens. THE POUR OLD LODGES. § 4.— LIST No. 2. LIST OP LODGES— 1723. Eael of DiLiKEiTH G.M. 1723. St. Paul's Church yard Knave's Acre Tamstile Amndel St. Westminster Ivy Lane Newgate Street Poultry Silver Street In the Strand King's Street West Fleet Street Near Cripplegate ' Charring Cross In the Strand list _. ,„ „ Ko. 1. Signs of the Houses, 1 Goose and Gridiron 3 Queen's Head 2 Queen's Head 5 Cheshire Cheese ... 4 Horn King's Head 9 Griffin 3 Cranes 3 Compasses Fountaine ... Eose and Crown ... 15 Greyhound... Crown 11 Bummer Half Moon St. John's Gate Coflfee House Clerkenwell Castle Drury Lane 16 Duke of Bedford's Head ... Southampton St., Covent Garden 13 Castle St. Giles Cardigan Head ... ... Charring Cross Swan Fish Street Hill Bull Head Southwark Anchor Dntohy Lane, in the Strand Baptist Head ... ... Chancery Lane Sun ... Clare Market Half Moon ... ... ... Cheapside Crown ... ... ... Behind the Boyal Exchange Swan ... ... ... Ludgate Street 20 Prince of Denmark's Head Cavendish Street Ben's Coffee House ... New Bond Street Ship ... ... ,, Bartholomew Lane King's Arms St. Paul's Ohnroh Tard Queen's Head Great Queens Street Crown St. John's Wapping 19 St. George and Dragon ... Charring Cross Ship ... Behind y= Eoyal Exchange Dolphin ... Tower Street Dnke of Chandos's Arms ... At Bdgworth Crown ... ... ... At Acton The Busybody and Figure Charring Cross, near the Hay Market Dick's Coffee House ... By y« New Church in y^ Strand Ship Without Temple Barr Nag's Head Princess Street by Drury Lane Ship Fish Street Hill Bell Ejng's Street, Westminster 12 Crown and Anchor Against St. Clement's Ch. in y^ Strand Blew Boar Near Shoe Lane, Fleet Street The Old Devill Tavern ... Near Temple Barr, Fleet Street Tom's Coffee House ... Clare Street, near Clare Market Bed Lyon Tottenham Court Eoad Blew Posts Near Middle Row, Holborn Printed for, and sold by Bman Bowen, Engraver, in Aldersgate St. This is the earliest of the engraved lists, and gives neither nvmibers or dates of Constitution : the " Signs of the houses," as continued to be the practice up to A.D. 1769 are shown in miniature, and their exact signification cannot always be conjectured, especially with regard to " Goats of Arms," and " effigies " of contemporary celebrities. To this rule, however, the above list is an exception, since, whilst the localities where the Lodges met are an exact reprint of the engraved list, the " Signs of the Houses" are copied from the written description of the Taverns in the earliest minute Book of Grand Lodge. The identification of certain Lodges above, with their places in the previous list (Oonstit. 1723) has been effected by an examination of the register of members. § 13 (VI.) LIST No. 3. (Bngeavbd List 1725.*) A List of the REGULAR Lodges as constituted till March 25th. Printed for and sold by I. Pine, engraver, over against little Britain and in Aldersgate Street. (At bottom of 1st page.) Signs of the Houses. Goose and Gridiron St. Paul's Church yard Queen's Head Knave's Acre Queen's Head Turnstile Out Horn Westminster King's Head ... ... ... Ivy Lane Griffin Newgate St. Out Three Compasses ... ... Silver Street Fountaine ... ... ... In the Strand Rose and Crown King St., Westminster Greyhound Fleet Street Out Rummer ... ... ... Charring Cross Halt Moon In the Strand Out Out Duke of Bedford's Head ... Southampton St., Covent Garden Castle St. Giles Cardigan Head Charring Cross Swan Fish St. Hill Bull Head Southwark Anchor ... ... ... ... Dntchy Lane in the Strand Baptist's Head Chancery Lane Sun Clare Market Sun ... South side of St. Paul's Crown Behind y* Royal Exchange Three Tuns Newgate St. Prince of Denmark's Head ... Cavendish Street Bull Tore Street Crown ... ... .*■ ... Bow Lane King's Arms St. Paul's Church yard Queen's Head Great Queen St. Queen's Head Temple Barr (In MS.) Lyon and Shield Brewer Street Ship Behind y° Royal Exchange Dolphin Tower St. Duke of Chandos's Arms ... At Bdgworth Grown ... ... ... ... At Acton King's Head Pall Mall Dick's Coffee House By y« New Church in y« Strand Ship Without Temple Barr Nag's Head Princess St. by Drury Lane Ship Fish St. Hill Bell King St., Westminster Garter York St., Covent Garden Blew Boar Near Shoe Lane, Fleet St. The Old Devill Near Temple Barr, Fleet St. Tom's Coffde House Clare St., near Clare Market Red Lyon Tottenham Court Road Crown and Sceptre St. Martin's Lane Lyon Richmond in Surrey Queen's Head City of Bath Nag's Head City of Bristol Queen's Head City of Norwich Swan City of Chichester City of Chester City of Chester Mason's Arms Fnlham White Lyon Wytoh Street, near Drury Lane Black Posts Cook Pit Court, Great Wild St. Swan East St., Greenwich Queen's Head HoUis St., Oxford Square Fleece ... -s Fleet St. Harp and Crown .<.. ... St. Martin's Lane Rummer Henrietta St. The Temple of Solomon ... Comer of Castle St. and 5emming's Globe Bridges St. [Row Red Lyon Brentford Prom the similarity of address (Aldersgate St.) it would * From Grand Lodge. See Appendix, List 10. THE FOUR OLD LODGES. seem Hghly probable that Eman Bowea and Jobn. Pine were in some way connected in their business as engravers, the former, it may be, executing the order of the latter. The earliest edition of the Engraved Lists has no frontis- piece, and bears the printer's name in very small letters at foot of the last page. The List for 1725, however, has a distinct heading, and exhibits Pine's name in fair sized type on the 1st page. Both lists are evidently printed from the same plate, the places of the Lodges, which have lapsed in the interval between the two publications, being left vacant in the later List ; also down to the 61st entry on either list, the " Blew Posts " (the last) in the earlier, and the " Ceown and ScBPTEB " in the later, the descriptions of the con- tinuing Lodges are identical, except in nine instances where removals have occurred. § 5.— LIST No. 4. LIST OF LODGES 1729 (PINE). LIST OF LODGES 1730 (PEICHAED).* Constituted Constituted 1 St. Paul's Churoh-yard 1691 1 King's Arms In St. Paul's Churoh-yard 1691 2 Pnrnivals Inn, near Holborn 1712 2 Eose and Bnffler Against Purnival's Inn in Holborn 1712 3 WeBtminster 3 Horn Tavern At Westminster 4 Ivy-lane 4 Swan At Hamstead Jan. 17th 1722 6 Poultry July 11th 1721 5 Three Swans In the Poultry July 11th 1721 6 Clare-street Jan. 19th 1722 6 Tom's Coffee House In Clare-street, near Clare-market Jan. 19th 1722 7 Behind the Eoyal Exchange Jan. 28th 1722 7 Eummer In Queen. street, Cheapside Jan. 28th 1722 8 Edgnorth April 25th 1722 8 Devil Tavern At Temple Bar April 25th 1722 9 Noble-street May 1722 9 One Tun In Noble-atreet May 1722 10 Brewer-street Nov. 25th 1722 10 Lion and Shield In Brewer-street Nov. 25th 1722 11 Knave's-aore Feb. 27th 1722 11 Queen's Head In Knave's-acre Feb. 27th 1722-3 12 Swithin's-alley May 27th 1728 12 Three Tuns In Swithin's-alley March 27th 1723 13 Duchy.lane+ March 28th 1723 13 Anchorf In Dutohy-lane March 28th 1723 * For fu 1 list of 1730, see Appendix (List 11). + This corresponda with th e Lodge 23rd in order in the lists for 1723 and 1725 (§4). In these lists we for the first time touch firm ground, and an examination of the numbers and dates of consti- tution given therein, tend to the inference that all four of the old Lodges were then in existence, this inference being strengthened and confirmed by the lists of later date, espe- cially that appended to the Constitutions 1738 (List 5). In 1729-30 the old Lodges would seem to have been thus described, viz. : — Original No. 1, as No. 1, King's Arms, St. Paul's Churchyard, now No. 2, Antiquity. Original No. 2, as No. 2, Eose and Bufaer, Fnrnival's Inn, died out circa 1737. Original No. 3, as No. 11, Queen's Head, Knave's Acre, now No. 12, Fortitude and Old Cumberland. Original No. 4, as No. 3, Horn, Westminster, now No. 4, Eoyal Somerset House and Inverness. § 6.— LIST No. 5. (Prom Anderson's Constitutions 1738.) A LIST OF LODGES IN AND ABOUT LONDON AND WEST- MINSTER. Many Lodges have by accidents broken up, or are partitioned, or else removed to new places for their couvenienoy, and so, if subsist- ing, they are called and known by those new places or their signs. But the subsisting Lodges, whose Officers have attended the Geand Lodge or Quarterly Comrminication, and brought their Benevolence to the Grand C7w/rity within twelve months past, are here set down according to their Seniority of Constitution, as in the Geand Lodge Boohs and the Engraven List. Nob. Signs of the Houses. 1 King's Aems Taveen St. Paul's Church-yard Eemoved from the Goose and Gridiron, meet in form. This is the Senior Lodge, whose Constitution is immemorial. 2 HoEN Taveen In New Palace-yard, Westminster The Old Lodge removed from the Eummee and Geapes, Channel Bow, whose Constitution is also immemorial, it being one of the Four Lodges mentioned p 109. — (See § 2.) Shakespeaee's Head Bell Beaund's Head Eummer Taveen Daniel's Cofieb House Temple Bar Eed Ceoss Bariican Marlhorough-street 17th Jan. 172J Nicholas-lane 11th July 1721 New Bond-street 19th Jan. 172J Queen' s-street, Cheapside 28th Jan. 172J 25th April 1722 May 1722 King's Aems Taveen New Bond-street 25th Nov. 1722 Queen's Head Knave's Acre 27th Feb. 172' This was one of the four Lodges mentioned p 109, viz., the Apple Teee Tavern, in Charles Street, Covent Garden, whose Constitution is immemorial. But after they removed to the Queen's. Head, upon some difference, the Members that met there came under a New- Constitution,, tho' they wanted it not, and it is therefore placed at this number. N.B. — The Oeown, in Parker' s-lome, the other of the four old Lodges, is now extinct. Castle Drury Lane March 172' Buet's CorrEE House Bridges Street 28th March 1723 Where there is also a Masters' Lodge. THE FOUR OLD LODGES. § 7.— LIST No. 6. Description 1878. Grand Stewards' Antiquity No. in Description 1736.* 1736* Stewards' Lodge 117 King's Arms 1 No. in 1738* 117 1 No. in 1740* 115 1 No. in 1744* 115 1 No. in 1745* 115 1 No. in 1750* 115 1 No. in 1752* 115 1 No. in 1755* 115 1 No. in 1756* 70 ■ 1 No. in 1878 Head of) List ( Without f ,a No. (10) J 2 Constituted 25 June 1735 Time Immemorial Bull and Gate 2 Ont(s) Time Immemorial Eoyal Somerset House Friendship Horn 3 3 2 2 2 Out(7) 2 2 2 4 Time Immemorial Shakspear's Head 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 6 17 Jan. 1721 ■Bell 5 5 3(*) 3 Out(6) 11 July 1721 British Braund's Head 6 6 5 5 5 5 5 5 4 8 19 Jan. 1722 Westminster and Key Stone Eoyal Alpha Rummer Daniel's Coffee House Bed Cross Barr(i) 7 8 9 7 8 9 6 7 8 6 6 Out(5) 8 8 6 8 6 8 6 8 5 10 8(9) 16 28 Jan. 1722 25 April 1722 May 1722 Tuscan King's Arms 10 10 9 9 OatC) 9 9 9 7 14 25 Nov. 1722 Fortitude and Old Queen's Head Cumberland Old Dundee Castle 11 12 11 12 10 11 10 11 10 11 10 11 10 11 10 11 6(») 12 9 18 Time Immemorl. " 27 Feb. 172| March 1723 Antiquity (Chat- ham) OfftheList (2) Ont 13 12 12 12 12 12 12 10 20 28 March 1723 (i) The words " Red Cross Barr " have been pasted over the original printed description of this Lodge. (2) Replaced on the roll as Bury's Coffee House, Bridges Street, in 1738. (3) In the List of 1738 (Constitutions) this vacancy is filled up, the Horn, No. 3, becoming No. 2. (*) An example of the irregular manner in which vacant numbers were apportioned to Junior Lodges. (§ 14, List 7.) (5) Erased 4th April 1744. (6) Erased 25th March 1745. (') Erased 3rd April 1747. Restored 4th September 1751. (8) With the exception of the Rrand Stewards' Lodge, which became No. 60 in 1770, and No. 47 in 1781, the numbers of the remaining Lodges above cited, remained unaltered by the general closing up of numbers in 1770, 1781, and 1792 respectively, and were numbered as at present at the Union in 1814. (9) Nos. 8 and 10 of previous list have changed places. (10) Placed at the head of list on the change of numbers 18th April 1792. * From Engraved Lists (Grand Lodge). Note. — See Appendix for Lists from 1725 to 1813. § g. — It is a task of mncli nicety, identifying the old Lodges of to-day witli those of a bygone period, since in most cases their early records have been destroyed or lost, and even where this has not happened, the occasions are rare in which any histories of the old regular Lodges have been compiled. In the absence therefore of positive information, it is in the generality of instances necessary to work " backwards," and labo- riously trace the old Lodges of current date from one number to another, and, by the aid of the various lists published from time to time throughout the eighteenth century, from tavern to tavern, until, by a con- currence of all essential requirements, in number, place, day of meeting, and date of constitution, the happy result of identification is rendered presumably complete. Names are of great use in connecting the present with the past, whilst dates of Constitution are equally serviceable in identifying the latter with the former ; the period, however, commencing about 1779, and ending with the century, during which the numbers of Lodges werei twice closed up (1781 and 1792) is the hardest to bridge over, since the dates cease to be given in full, and distinctive names were not universally adopted by Lodges until after 1800. Much confusion, moreover, has ensued from the relative positions of Lodges constituted in a particular year being occasionally varied ; also through many Lodges which have been temporarily struck off the list being re-entered — at one time, according to the date of re-admission, and at another reverting to the dates of their original constitution. On 24th February THE FOUR OLD LODGES. 1 734-5, (') the following resolution -was passed by Grand Lodge :— " If any Lodge, within the Bills of Mortality, shall cease to meet regularly during twelve months succes- sive, its Name and Place shall be erazed or blotted out of the Orand Lodge Book and engraven List, and if they petition to be again inserted and own'd as a regular Lodge, it must lose its former Place and Rank of Precedency, and submit to a New Constitution," (^) Under which rule, aided by a disposition of Grand Lodge, to visit with heavy penalties all Lodges who were irregular in attending the Quarterly Communications, a very wholesale clearing oflF of defaulting Lodges took place, though the reinstatements were very numerous. The present Tuscan Lodge, No. 14, then No. 9, meeting at the King's Arms, New Bond Street, was thus struck off in 1 745, reappearing, however, on the list for 1750, to be again erased in 1764.(') On the 25th November 1774,(*) Grand Lodge further resolved " that all Lodges who have not contributed or shall neglect to contribute, to the General Charity . . if no remittance is made, or satisfactory excuse given . . . the said Lodges wiU be erazed out of the list of Lodges." § 9. — Original No. 1, meeting at the Goose and Gridiron in 1717, removed from this tavern between 1723 and 1729, from which latter year, until 1767 (except for a short time in 1736, when it met at the Paul's Head, Ludgate Street), its description, on the lists was the King's (or Queen's) Arms, St. Paul's Churchyard, with the additional title from 1760, of the " West-India and American Lodge." Still retaining which designation it moved to the Mitre, Fleet-street, in 1768, and in 1770 became the Lodge of Antiquity. (See §§ 19-20.) In 1794 it absorbed the Harodim Lodge No. 467 (constituted March 25th 1790). At the Union in 1814, the rank of No. 1 having devolved by lot upon No. 1 " Ancient's" (^) (now the Grand Masters' Lodge), the premier English Lodge, was relegated to the position of No. 2 on the roll. (*) (1 ) Constit. 1738, p 156. § 12 (II.) (' ) N.B. — Lodges reinstated in their former places in the list, if the same are not filled np, on paying two guineas for a Constitution, and two guineas to the pnbliok Charity. — Constit. 1767. (3) Constit. 1767. (*) Appendix to Constit. 1767. Published 1775. ( 5 ) Grand Lodge of England according to the " Old Institutions." See §§ 20, 22 and 26. ( 6 ) The two first Lodges under each Grand Lodge to draw a lot in the first place for priority ; and to which of the two the lot No. 1 shall fall the other to rank as No. 2; and all the others shall fall in alternately, that is, the Lodge which is No. 2 of the fraternity whose lot it shall be to draw No. 1, shall rank as No. 3 in the United Grand Lodge, and the other No. 2 shall rank as No. 4, and so on alternately through all the numbers respectively.— Articles of Union (VIII.) between the two Grand Lodges of Freemasons of England. — Haghan, Masonic Memorials. See § 28. § 10. — I. Original No. 2, meeting at the Ceown, Parkers Lane, in 1717, was established at the Queen's Head, Turnstile, Holborn, in 1723, or earlier. It had removed to the Green Letticb, Brownlow St. by 1725, whence it migrated to the Rose and Rummee 1728, and to the Rose and BuppLOE 1729. In 1730 it met at the Bull and Gate, Holborn, and, appearing for the last time in the en- graved list for .1736, was struck off the roU at the renum- bering in 1740. The above summary, may, I think, be relied upon, but an entry in the minutes of Grand Lodge of " March 16 1752," is a little confusing : — " The petition of several brethren meeting at the Cbown in Parkers Lane (§ 2), praying that the Lodge formerly held there might be restored, and have its former place in the Lodge Book. Bat it ap- pearing the said Lodge had been discontinued about 30 years, and that no one of the Petitioners had ever been a member thereof : — ordered — that the said Petition be rejected." If this minute of Grand Lodge be literally accurate, the following difficulty is presented : — The old or original Lodges meeting respectively at the Goose and Geidieon, the Apple Teeb, and the Rummer and Grapes, having been identified, beyond cavil, with Nos. 1, 10, and 2, in Anderson's list for 1738 (§ 6), and the remain- ing old Lodge of 1717, the Crown (§ 2), having lapsed about 1722, whence came the No. 2 of 1729 with a Constitutioa dating from 1712, considering that only /owr Lodges were existent in 1717, all of which are otherwise accounted for? The most natural explanation of this mystery would be some such hypothesis as the following : — viz., That an additional Pre-revival Lodge (§ 2) had somehow crept into the new organization ? II. Two solutions, however, of the difficulty present themselves : — (a) The period of discontinuance attributed to the Lodge, may have been recorded as thirty instead of twenty years, an interval of almost precisely this latter period (May 29 1733) actually occurring between the latest attendance at Grand Lodge of the representatives of the then No. 2 (Bull and Gate), constituted 1712. (§ 18, II.) (6) Assuming that a Lodge at the Crown had been dis- continued " about 30 years," say in 1722, it is quite within the limits of probability that the Old Lodge at the Crown (1717) changed its place of meeting within a year or two of the Revival. Masonic taverns, as experience shows, almost always remained true to their calling, and when one Lodge left, another took its place ; this happened at the Goose and Gridiron, the Apple Tree, the Horn, and indeed in almost every instance of Lodge removal. Is it not, therefore, a reasonable conjecture that the old Lodge (original No. 2) having left the Crown, its successor at THE FOUR OLD LODGES. that tavern dropped out about 1722, and consequently was omitted from the lists of the following year (1723) ? (See § 26, IV., note.) III. — It is submitted that the expression : — " It ap- pearing that no one of the Petitioners had ever been a member thereof " — ^is by no means conclusive as to the fact it assumes. Also that the position assigned to this Lodge by Dr. Anderson in the Constitution book of 1723 (§3), that of second on the list, which it preserved at the arrange- ment by seniority in 1729, was accorded by the same ■writer in 1738 (§ 2) to the Lodge which met at the Ceown, Parkers Lane, in 1717, Bros. Payne and Desaguliers, it must be also remembered, assisting in both publications ; indeed, in the Constitutions of 1738, containing the account of the Revival (§ 2), it is especially recorded that these latter brethren only signified their approbation "after making some corrections." (§ 13.) § 11. — Original No. 3 moved from the Apple Tree Tavern, to the Queen's Head, Knave's Acre, in 1723 or earlier; thence to the George and Dragon, Portland St., Oxford Market, in 1740; to the Swan (same locality) in 1744; m 1750-67 it met at the Fish and Bell, Charles St., Soho Square ; in 1768-93 it is described as the Lodge of Forti- tude, Boebuck, Oxford Street ; 1794-98 it met at the King's Arms, Old Compton St. ; 1799-1803, Mill's Coffee House, Gerrard St. ; 1804-11 The Wrekin, Broad Ct., Long Acre ; 1812-16 F. M. Tav. In 1818 it amalgamated with the Old Cv/niberland Lodge,(') and is now the Fortitude and 0.0. Lodge, No. 12. § 12. — I. Original No. 4 moved from the Bummer and Grapes to the Morn Tavern, Westminster, before 1723, and continued to meet there until 1766. In 1767 it met at the Fleece, Tothill-street, Westminster, taking the title of the " Old Horn Lodge" in 1768. In 1772-3, it met at the King's Arms, New Palace Tard ; on 10th January 1774, it was united with, and took the name of, the Sommerset House Lodge, under which title it met at the Adelphi Tavern, Strand, in 1776 and at F. M, Tav. 1785-1816. After the Union, on 26th Nov. 1828, it further absorbed the Royal Inverness Lodge,^) and it is now the Royal Somerset House and Inverness Lodge No. 4. Original No. 4 became No. 3 in list of 1729, No. 2 on that of 1740 (1738 Constit.) ; but on List of 1750 ( 1 ) Constituted 1753. Met at the Lion and Goat, Grosvenor St., 1756-1770 J Red Lion, Berkeley-sq., 1781 ; and styled in 1788 list the Old Gnmberland Lodge. (i») No. 648, "Eoyal Inverness Lodge," Gray's Coffee House, Holbom, was the first new Lodge on the Boll of the Vmited Grand Lodge of England. — Enghan, Masonic Memorials, there appeared but one Time Immemorial Lodge, as original No. 4, then No. 2, had been struck off the roll in pursuance of the following order of Grand Lodge : — " April 3, 1747.— Ordered that the Lodge No. 2, at the Horn, in Westminster, not attending according to the order of the last Quarterly Communication, be erazed out of the Book of Lodges."(') Four years later, (*) this Lodge resumed its old position on the Roll, the following entry in the Constitutions explaining the reason of its restoration : — " Sept. 4, 1761. — Upon the petition of several worthy brethren, after a long debate, it was ordered, that out of respect to Brother Payne, and several other late Grand Masters who were members thereof, the Lodge No. 2, lately held at the Horn in Palace Ya/rd, Westminster, should be restored, and have its former rank and place in the list of Lodges. "(0 II. With the previous paragraph, an entry in the Grand Lodge minutes of about six months later date may be pro- fitably compared : — March 16, 1752. — " The Petition of several brethren belonging to the Lodge No. 83, erazed from the Book of Lodges, bat lately held at the Snn in Lndgate St., praying that the said Lodge might be restored and have its former rank, was read. When a debate arising — It was moved that the Law made on the 24th day of February 1734, might be read ( * ), — and the same being read, and it thereby appear- ing that a Lodge erazed rmist lose its former rank, and sabmit to a new Constitution : — Ordered — that the said petition be rejected. Later on, as will appear, (') reinstatement followed era- sure, as often as not. It is somewhat singular that the petition for the resuscitation of original No. 2 (§ 10), was summarily dismissed on the same evening (16th March 1752), and the speculation may be hazarded, that had it been presented either six months earlier or later, it is quite possible that all fou/r of the original Lodges would now be found on the Roll ! § 13.— L The history of each of the "Four Old Lodges " has been briefly outlined, but it may here be appropriately remarked, that the statements of Dr. An- derson with regard to them, embodied in the Constitution Book 1738 (§ 6), even had they stood alone, without any corroboration from the early minutes of Grand Lodge, might well have been taken as absolutely conclusive. Dr. Anderson (a Scotch Presbyterian minister in (3) Constit. 1756, p 248. (*) It is curious to reflect, that had one of the periodical closing np of numbers occurred during 1747-51, original No. 4 must have sunk to even a lower depth than original No. 3, with regard to position on the Boll. ( 5 ) G. L. Min. Constit. 1756, p 252. C) § 8. ( ' ) Ibid. Note 2. See also Appendix, List 13 (Notes.) THE FOUR OLD LODGES. London) was a leading actor in the early Masonic history of the past century, and was appointed to arrange and digest the old Gothic Constitutions on 29th September 1721. He published the Book of Constitutions 17th January 1723, and was authorised to print a second edition, with improvements, 31st March 1736, which was approved 25th January 1738.(') His remarks upon the Old Lodges (§ 6) were approved in manuscript by Grand Lodge, and were published with the express approval of Past Grand Masters Payne and Desaguliers, both of whom were regular attendants at the Communications of Grand Lodge until some years after 1740. All three brethren, moreover (Payne, Desaguliers, and Anderson), were members of Original No. 4 (Horn), and if tradition may be relied upon, theirs were the guiding minds which planned and carried out the Great Revival of Masonry in 1717. (^) II. The merits of the Constitutions of 1738, as a record of eighteenth century facts, are unquestionable ; but it is much to be regretted, that in his desire to exhibit the Craft to the best advantage. Dr. Anderson should have claimed as its rulers at some period or other, nearly every celebrity of ancient or modern times. Thus we have Noah and his sons, figuring as the " Four Grand Officers," and amongst the Grand Masters, are gravely recorded the names of Nimrod, Moses (with Joshaa as his deputy), Solomon, Nebuchadnezzar, and Augustus Csesar. An elaborate reason, moreover, is assigned for excluding Samson from his Masonic privileges ! ! An acute critic of the last century (') justly comments, " upon the heap of rubbish with which Anderson has disgraced his Constitutions of Freemasonry, the basis of Masonic Histonj" : and the almost invariable practice of succeeding Masonic writers, " in copying the one from the other with any amount of credulity and assurance," (*), has amply justified Hallam's uncomplimentary allusion to the Historians of the Craft (^) : — "The curious subject of Freemasonry has unfortunately been treated of only by panegyrists, or calumniators, both equally menda- cious. ( 1 ) CoDstit. 1738, pp 113, 199. ( " ) Bro. D. M. Lyon ascribes Scotland's acquaintance with, and subsequent adoption of, English Symbolical Masonry to the con- ference which the co-fabricator and pioneer of the system (as he terms Dr. Desaguliers) held with the Lodge of Edinburgh in August 1721. (2) Professor Eobison (1798), who however goes much too far, in styling Anderson (D.D.) and Desaguliers (LL.D. and F.R.S.) persons of little education and low manners. ( *) Hist, of Freemasonry in York (Hughan), p 8. ( 5 ) Middle Ages, Vol. III., p 435. III. Dr. Anderson in 1738 makes the following dispo- sition of the Pour Original Lodges (§6). No. 1 Kings Akms Tavern, St. Paul's Church Yard. 2 Formerly the Ojbown in Pa/rkers Lane, now (i.e. recently), extinct. 3 Queen's Head, Knaves Acre, formerly the Apple Tkee Ta/vern, Charles St., Oovent Garden, which having moved to the Queen's Head, with its immemorial privileges intact, afterwards, " ijpon some differeuGe, the members that met there came under a new constitution, though they wanted it not," (27th February 172|), and was subsequently given a place and nvmiber (1729) in ac- cordance with the date of this alteration. 4 Hokn Tamern, New Palace Yard, Westminster. lY. It is satisfactory to find upon a careful examination of the early official lists, and the minutes of Grand Lodge, that the statements of Dr. Anderson meet with most ample confirmation. Precedency amongst Lodges, whilst they continued to be independent Masonic communities, was necessarily unknown, nor did it become established (except possibly the broad distinction between Lodges by inherent right, and Lodges by creation of Grand Lodge) until 1729 : the engraved list for that year being the first printed book in which Lodges were arranged in order of seniority. It is important to bear this in mind, as otherwise much confusion will seem apparent, in the arrangement of the earlier engraved lists. The " Horn" for example, which is known to be original No. 4 — standing 5th in order in the list for 1723, thereby conveying the impression that one war- ranted Lodge, at least, has been bracketed with the Time Immemorial Lodges, and whether the intruder is the 2nd, 3rd, or 4th on the list, appears at first view somewhat difiS- cult to determine. The minutes, however, of Grand Lodge, which com- mence 25th November 1723, afford a solution of the difficulty. The earliest volume of these records contains, entered in led^^er form, the names of the Lodges subsisting in 1723, 1725, and 1730 ; together with, in many instances, a register of their members. These particulars, along with the minutes themselves, notably those referring to the pre- cedency of Lodges (IX.) enable us to trace the old Lodges through the intricacies of the earlier engraved lists, until we bring up our investigation to A.D. 1729, from which year, under the guidance of dates and mimbers, until A.D. 1778, when the last engraved list was issued (°) (of which a copy has been preserved), the task of identifying the Lodges in one numeration with those appearing on its successor, is an exercise rather of industry than of ingenuity. ( 6 ) The latest engraved list probably appeared in 1779. THE FOUR OLD LODGES. V. The engraved list for 1723 (§ 4)C) is identical with the list of Lodges appearing in the earliest minute book of Grand Lodge, indeed, the " Signs of the Houses " in the former correspond exactly with the written description of these taverns which appears in the latter, whilst the order of pre- cedency is the same in both instances. Clearly, therefore, the engraver simply reproduced, though in a different form, the descriptions of the then existing Lodges, as roughly set down in the original minute book of Grand Lodge. VI. The names of the members of the various Lodges, at that time (1723) are only occasionally entered in the book, but happily enough are shown to connect the brethren named as Masters and Wardens of the first four Lodges 0/ the earliest printed list (§ 3) with the Lodges meeting respectively at the Goose and Gridiron ; Queen's Head, Turnstile ; Queen's Head, Knave's Acre ; and Horn, Westminster, as shown in the engraved list for 1723 ,(§ 4).e) VII. It should be borne in mind, that though in the account of the revival (§2) numbers are prefixed to the old Lodges, who together constituted the " Premier Grand Lodge of the World;" this narrative was published in 1738, twenty-one years subsequent to the occurrence which it records, consequently in designa,ting hy numbers, or other- wise implying any precedency eimongst the " Old Lodges," Dr. Anderson must have had in his mind a recollection of his own previous list of 1723 (§ 3), also of the scale of seniority introduced in 1727-29, which he evidently con- sidered should properly relate to the period when the original Lodges met for combined action. VIII. The numbers assigned to the old Lodges, in the narrative of the revival (§2) and in the earliest printed list (§3) confirm one another, Dr. Anderson being answer- able for the numeration in both cases, and the Lodges numbered 1, 2, 3 and 4 respectively in § 2 may, without doubt, be identified with those bearing similar numbers in §3. IX. The following extracts from the minutes of Grand ( 1 ) New Eebtjiations. III. — In the Mastership of Dalkeith, a list of all Lodges was engraven by Brother John Pyne in a very small volume, which is usually reprinted on the commencement of every New Gramd Master, and dispersed among the brethren— Constit. 1738, p 154. (2 ) Lists of members of all the fonr Lodges, appear for the years 1723 and 1725 ; but of Noa. 1 and 3 only, in 1730. Lodge, have an important bearing upon the question of precedency. Dec. 27th 1727. Ordered — " That it shall be referred to the succeed- ing Grand Master, Deputy Grand Master, and Grand Wardens, to inquire into the Precedency of the several Lodges, and to make report thereof at the next Quarterly Communication, in order that the same may be finally settled and entred accordingly." April 17 1728. " Then most of the Lodges present delivered the dates of the time of their being constituted into Lodges, in order to have precedency in the printed book." June 25th 1728. " The Lodges which had not complyed with the order to give in the exact time when they were severally constituted, were directed to do so before the next Quarterly Communication." July 11th 1729. " The ofiScers of the Lodge at the Queen's Head in Knaves Acre, represented that their Lodge was misplaced in the printed hook, whereby they lost their Rank, and humbly prayed that the said mistake might be regulated." " Bro. Chocke (late D.G.M.) acquainted the Grand Lodge that the several Lodges stood in the List according to the date of their Con- stitution. — The said complaint was dAsmiss'd." X. With the exception of the "Home" (Original No. 4) which numbered 71 members in 1725, the Old Lodges were each composed of about 15 members. Bro. Anthony Sayer appears on the roll of Original No. 3, but those of Nos. 1 and 2 contain no brethren either of Masonic or of social mark. Amongst the members of the "Home" were then Bros. Payne and Desaguliers, late Grand Masters (this latter brother not being a member of Original No. 1 as commonly stated). Dr. James Anderson,(*) the compiler of the Books of Constitutions for 1723 and 1738, Lord Paisley, Duke of Queensborough, Sir Richard Manningham, Lord Waldegrave, Count La Lippe, Baron des Kaw, Sir Adolphus Oughton, Earl de Loraine, Sir Robt. Rich, Count Walzdorf, Marquis des Marches, Sir Thomas Prendergast, and Lord Carmichael. XI. The status of the old Lodges, and especially that of original No. 3 (Fortitude and 0. C.) will be hereafter con- sidered, but it may not be inappropriate at this stage, to ofEer some remarks on the subject. It appears highly probable that from 1728 to 1730, or after, Nos. 1, 2 and 3, represented the operative, and No. 4, the speculative elements of the Society (§ 26) . It is scarcely conceivable that the vigorous protest recorded by original No. 3, (which by the way effectually disposes of the theory that they surrendered their rights) against their arbitary dis- placement from their ancient seniority, by a coterie of Grand Officers, would have been so contemptuously dismissed, had the three senior Lodges been represented on the Committee of enquiry. Bro. Anthony Sayer the " Premier Grand Master," though a member of No. 3, wielded no influence in (2 ) Also the author of " Koyal Genealogies." He died 28th May 1739. 10 THE FOUR OLD LODGES. Grand Lodge, having become, so early as in 1724, a sup- pliant for its_bounty.(}) XII. — Bros. Sayer (original No. 3), Payne, and Desa- gnliers (original No. 4), wlio head the roll of Grand Masters, are the only untitled brethren who have ascended the Masonic throne. The premier Grand Master, Bro. Sayer, as stated above, became so reduced in circumstances aa to be one of the earliest recipients of relief from the Committee of Charity, it being recorded that the sum of £15 was voted to him from this source on 21st April 1730, also a further amount of £2 2s on 17th April 1741. ' Bro. George Payne was a learned Antiquarian; he origin- ally compiled, in 1720, when he was Grand Master for the second time, the General Regulations, which were afterwards finally arranged and published by Dr. Anderson in 1723. These General Regulations were called "Old Regulations," in contradistinction to those which were afterwards added. Brother Payne continued an active member of Grand Lodge until 1754, being appointed on 27th April of that year a member of the Committee to revise the Constitutions (afterwards brought out by Entick, in 1756). He attended Grand Lodge for the last time in the following November. His death occurred on 23rd January 1757. Dr. J. T. Desaguliers, the son of a French Protestant clergfyman, was bom at Rochelle, on 12thMarch 1683, and was brought to England by his father in 1685, in conse- quence of the Revocation of the Edict of Nantes. After completing his education at Oxford, he attained consider- able eminence as a mechanician and natural philosopher. In 1705, he gave a course of public lectures on experi- mental philosophy (Buckle, in his History of Civilization, ( 1 ) 2lBt November 1724, Bro. Anthony Bayer's petioon was read and recommended by the Grand Master — G. L. Min. speaks of Desaguliers and Hill as being the two first writers who gave themselves up to popularising physical truths). On 29th July 1714, he was elected a fellow of the Royal Society, and was much respected by the President, Sir Isaac Newton. He was excused from paying the subscription on account of the number of experiments which he showed at the meetings, and being subsequently elected to the office of Curator, communicated a vast number of curious and valuable papers, between the years 1714 and 1743, which are printed in the Transactions. He also published several works of his own, abounding with descriptions of the most useful machines and philosophical instruments. He re- ceived no fixed salary, but was remunerated according to the number of experiments and communications which he made to the Society.^) He had the honour of reading his lectures before George II., and was appointed Chaplain to Frederick Prince of Wales. During the greater part of his residence in London, he lived at Channel-row, Westminster ; but eventually, moved to lodgings over the Great Piazza in Coven t- Garden, where he carried on his lectures till his death, which occurred 29th February 1744. In June 1738, he had received the appointment of Chaplain to Bowie's regi- ment of Dragoons. If credit is to be given to the poet Cawthorne, Dr. De- saguliers was in very necessitous circumstances at the time of his decease : — " How poor neglected Desaguliers fell ! How he, who taaght two gracioas kings to view All Bayle ennobled, and all Bacon knew, Died in a cell, without a friend to save. Without a guinea, and without a grave." (2) History of the Royal Society, Vol. I., p 385. § 14— LIST No. 7. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 List oi Lodges 1739* (Pine). Kings' Arms Horn Shakespear's Head Crown Braund's Head Summer King's Arms Red Cross Barr King's Arms Queen's Head Castle Bury'a Coffee House St. Paul's Church Yard Westminster Marlborough Street Behind the Royal Exchange New Bond Street Queen Street, Cheapside Temple Bar Barbican New Bond Street Knave's Acre Drury Lane Bridges Street Constituted. 17th Jan. 1722 11th July 1721 19th Jan. 1722 28th Jan. 1722 25th April 1722 May 1722 25th Nov. 1722 27th Feb. 172f No date 28th Mar. 1723 List of Lodges 1740* (Pine). 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 King's Arms Horn Crown Shakespear's Head Braund's Head Rummer King's Arms Red Cross Barr King's Arms George and Dragon Crown Bury's Cofiee House St. Paul's Church Yard Westminster Behind the Royal Exchange Marlborough St. New Bond Street Queen's St. Cheapside Temple Bar Barbican New Bond Street Portland St. Oxford Market New Crane, Wapping Bridges St. Constituted. 11th July 1721 17th Jan. 1721 19th Jan. 1721 28th Jan. 1721 25th April 1722 May 1722 25th Nov. 1722 27th Feb. 1722 1722 28th Mar. 1723 * From Engraved Lists (Grand Lodge). THE FOUR OLD LODGES. 11 It will be seen that the No. 5 (Crown) of 1739 becomes No. 3 in the list of the following year, also that the dates of Gonstitutiori of Nos. 4, 6, 7, 11, and 12 on the 1739 list, sustain a remarkable variation in the list for 1740: thus — (') No. 4 (1739) has its Seniority altered from 17th Jan. 1722 to 17th Jan. 1721. (2) No. 6 „ „ „ „ „ 19th Jan. 1722 to 19th Jan. 1721. (2) No. 7 „ „ „ „ „ 28th Jan. 1722 to 28th Jan. 1721. (2.) No. 11 „ „ „ „ „ 27th Feb. 172f to 27th Feb. 1722. (3) No. 12 „ „ „ „ „ March 1721 to 1722. (') No date is assigned this Lodge in Pine's List of 1729. In the Engraved Lists for 1734, 1736, and 1738, it appears as in 1739 ; but in the Book of Constitntions for 1738 (See § 6) it is placed at 17th Jan. 172^, therefore the alteration in 1740 is almost certainly correct. (2) The dates given to these Lodges in the Engraved Lists for 1729, 1734, 1736, and 1738 agree with those given in the List for 1739 ; also, and this is of chief importance, with the dates assigned by De. Anderson in the Constitutions for l738 ; consequently, the altera- tions made in 1740, and which appear in the Calendar of current date (1878) are probably incorrect. (3) This Lodge appears, without date, in the Engraved Lists for 1734, 1736, 1738, and 1739 ; bnt is placed at March 1723, both in Pine's List 1729, and in the Constitutions 1738. Therefore, the al- teration in 1740 (continued until this day) is probably incorrect. Note. — One of the periodical closings up of numbers occurred in 1740. (Appendix Lists 12 and 13.) LIST No. 8. LIST OF LODGES 1755* (COLE). LIST OF LODGES 1756* (COLE). Constituted Constituted 1 King's Arms 1 King's Arms St. Paul's Churchyard 2 Horn Westminster 2 Horn Westminster 3 Out 3 George and Dragon Grafton-st., St. Ann's 17th Jan. 1721 4 Greorgo and Dragon 6rafton-st., St. Ann's 17th Jan. 1721 4 Brannd's Head New Bond-street 19th Jan. 1721 5 Brannd's Head New Bond-street 19th Jan. 1721 5 Castle Tower-st., Seven Dials 28th Jan. 1721 6 Castle Tower-st., Seven Dials 28th Jan. 1721 6 Fish and Bell Charles-st., Soho-sq. 27th Feb. 1722 7 Out 7 King's Arms New Bond-street 25th Nov. 1722 8 Crown Leadenhall-street May 1722 8 Crown Leadenhall-street May 1722 9 King's Arms New Bond-street 25th Nov. 1722 9 Dnndee Arms Wapping New Stairs 1722 10 Pish and Bell Charles-st., Soho-sq. 27th Feb. 1722 10 Grapes Chatham 28th March 1723 11 Dandee Arms Wapping New Stairs 1722 12 Grapes Chatham 28th March 1723 * From Engraved Lists (Grand Lodge) . The lapse of No. 3 on the 1740 list (Crown, constit^. 11th July 1721), together with the change of year, from 1722 to 1721, in the cases of Nos. 6 and 7 (1739) and from 172f to 1722 in the case of No. 11 (1739), has doubtless led to No. 11 (1739) being placed, at the general closing up of numbers in 1756, in what was apparently its true position, under the Regulation of 27th December 1727 (§ 13) (IX.) ; it does not, however, account for No. 10 (1739) being placed above No. 9 (1739) ; but it is possible that No. 9 (1739) having become No. 8 at the general re-numbering of 1740, may have elected to remain at its then existing number, instead of accepting a higher precedency, when the vacancies above it were closed up in 1766? The fact of No. 5 (1739) being allowed to jump over No. 4 (1739) at the re-arrangement of numbers in 1740, may have afforded a precedent ?(*) (*) See Lists Nos. 6 and 1, and Appendix (Lists 13 and 14.) 12 THE FOTJB, OLD LODGES. LIST No. 9. Peom List of Lodges, 1768 * (W. Cole). 1 The West India and American Lodge MITRE, FLEET it J* ST 2 Wed. the 4th A Masters Lodge Consti tuted Time Imme morial 2 Sign of a Fleece Old Horn Lodg Tothil Street Westminster 2nd Thursday Time Imme morial 3 Thatchd House Lodge op Fmendship St. James St. 2nd and 4th Wednes: Jan. 17 1721 4 Sign of Crown and Rolls Chancery Lane 2nd e 4th Tuesday Jan. 19 1721 5 Tykian Lodge TALBOT 1st . Thursday Jan. 28 1721 6 Lodge of Fortitude ROEBUCK Oxford St. 1st and 3d Wednesday Feb. 27 1722 7 Sign of King's Arms New Bond St. 1st and 3rd Wednesday Nov. 25 1722 8 Ionic Lodge Sign of Running Horse David street Grosvenor Square 3rd Tuesday May 172| 9 Dundee Arms Sign of same At their own Private Room Red Lion St. Wapping 2ud e 4th Thursday 1722 10 Sigfiof Mitre The Globe Lane Chatham 1st e 3rd Monday March 28 1723 * From Engraved List, Grand Lodge. See Appendix (Lists 14-17.) The List for 1768 marks the period of transition in the nomenclature of Lodges; distinctive names being fre- quently, but not yet universally, adopted. With the exception of original No. 1, which appears in 1760 as the West India and American Lodge, and is scarcely a case in point, the first of the old Lodges (under which title I classify all the Lodges whose descriptions are exhibited above), to adopt a distinctive name, was the Lodge of Friendship, then No. 3, which is so styled in W. Cole's List for 1767; in the following year (1768), as shown above, this example was followed by Nos. 2 (Horn), 6 (Tyrian), 6 (Fortitude), and 8 (Ionic). No further steps were taken in this direction until 1770, when No. 1 became the Lodge of Antiquity, and No. 9 the Dundee Arms Lodge. In 1772 No. 4 blossoms into the British Lodge. In 1777 No. 7 becomes the Tuscan Lodge ; but not until 1781 does No. 10 appear as the Kentish Lodge of Antiquity. It should be noted that the date of constitution of No. 8 in the 1768 List (Ionic, now Royal Alpha) is given as May 172f. A similar date is shown in the Lists for 1767 and 1769. It will be observed that the " signs of the houses " are only shown with regard to six out of the ten Lodges above exhibited (see end of Part I.) The Somerset House Lodge, with which original No. 4 (No. 2 Horn, above) amalgamated about 1774, was con- stituted May 22 1762, and is described in the Engraved List for 1763 as No. 299 " on Board H.M. Ship the Prince at Plymouth ;" in 1764-66, as " on Board H.M. Ship the Guadalonpe;" and in 1767-73, as "the Sommerset House Lodge (No. 219 on the numeration of 1770-81) at ye King's Arms, New Bond St." (§ 18, IV.) It is highly probable that the removal of this Lodge from Plymouth to London was efiected at the instance of Bro. Thomas Dunckerley ? (a) This brother, whose period of service afloat, as a warrant officer in the Navy, was contemporaneous with the existence of this and other Lodges in King's ships, was probably initiated in a Lodge associated with the naval service. (6) The name assumed by the Lodge on its removal to London (Somerset House), is identical with the place of residence of Bro. Dunckerley at that time, to whom quarters in " Somerset House " were assigned on the death of his mother. (c) The date of its removal to London (1767) corre- sponds with the year in which a pension of £100 per annum was settled on Bro. Dunckerley by the King. Since the above remarks on the Somerset House Lodge first appeared, I find, by the records of Grand Lodge, that Dunckerley was a member of present No. 4 (No. 2 before the Union), after the amalgamation of the two Lodges, and had been a member of one or both of them prior to 1768. § 15.— The Feiendship met in 1723-29 at the King's Head, Ivy Lane; 1730-36 the Swan, Hampstead; 1736-44 Shakespear'sHead,MarlbroSt.; 1750-60 George, Grafton St., St. Anne's ; 1761-66 Sun and Punch Bowl, High Holborn, appearing as the Lodge of Friendship (Thatched House, St. James's St.), in 1767. It subsequently met at the Star, and Garter, New Bond St., 1770-81; and at the Thatched House, 1782-1815. The "Bbitish " met in 1723-29 at Tom's Coffee House, Clare St., Clare Market; 1730 at the Coach and Horses, Maddocks St. ; 1733-56 Braund's Head, New Bond St. ; 1757-70 Crown and Rolls ; and in the list for 1772 is styled the British Lodge j it afterwards met 1772-3 Crown, St. THE FOUR OLD LODGES. 13 Giles; 1775-81 Sun, Curzon St., Mayfair ; 1 782 George, Wardour St.; 1783-94 White Horse, King St., Golden Sq.; 17^5-1807 Nag's Head, Carnaby Sq. ; 1808-09 St. James Tav., Mary-le-Bonne St., Golden Sq.; 1810-16 P. M. Tav. The " Westminster and Kbtstone " met in 1729-44 at the Rummer, Queen St., Oheapside ; 1750-57 Tower St., Seven Dials; 1758-66 Fox and Goose, Seven Dials; 1767-81 Talbot, Tottenham Court Road ; 1782-84 Carlisle Arms, Soho; 1785-86 Greyhound, New Compton St.; 1787-90, Angel, St. Giles' Church; 1791-92 Coach and Horses, Frith St., Soho; styled the Tyrian Lodge in 1768 ; appear- ing as the Westminster and Keystone Lodge, Horn Tavern, Palace Yard, in 1793-1800 ; 1801-13 King's Arms, Palace Yard ; 1814-15 F. M. Tav. The "RoTAL Alpha " met 1729-37 at the One Tun, Noble St.; 1738-45 Red Cross Barr, Barbican; 1745 Mitre, within Aldersgate ; 1750-4 Sun, Milk St. ; 1755-61 Crown, Leadenhall St. ; 1762-81 Running Horse, David St., Gros- venor Sq. ; 1782-98 King's Arms, Brook St., Grosvenor Sq. ; 1799-1804 Coach and Horses, Dover St., Piccadilly; 1805-08 Malpas Arms, Charles St., Grosvenor Sq. ; 1809 Tower Coffee House, Bond St.; 1810 Malpas Arms; 1811-15 Worcester Coffee House, Oxford St. ; styled the Ionic Lodge 1768; and the United Lodge Ionic and Prudence in 1814. The " Tuscan " {original No. 19) whose Master and Wardens for 1722, are shown as representing the nineteenth Lodge on the earliest List of Lodges (§3), met in 1723, at the George and Dragon, Charring Cross; 1725-30 Lion and Shield, Brewer St. ; 1733-76 King's Arms, New Bond St. ; styled the Tuscan Lodge (Freemasons' Tavern) in 1777-88. In 1789-91 it met at the Three Tuns, Strand, and in 1792-99 is styled the Lodge of St. Mary-la-Bonne, Cavendish Sq. Coffee House, retaining which distinctive title it met at the Manchester Coffee House, Manchester Sq. 1800-02 ; 1803-11 Mary-le-Bonne Coffee House, Titchfield St.; 1812-15 Stratford Coffee House, Oxford St. The " Old Dundee " met 1729-30 at the Three Tuns, SwitHn's •Alley; 1733-39 Castle, Drury Lane; 1740-45 New Crane, Wapping; 1750-1816 Dundee Arms,Wapping; styled in 1770 the Dundee Arms Lodge. The " RoTAL Kent Lodoe op Antiquity " met 1723-30 at the Anchor, Dutohy Lane; 1733-35 Bedford,, Covent Garden; 1737 Two Posts, Maiden Lane, Covent Garden; 1738-45 Bury's Coffee House, Bridges St.; 1750-65 Grapes, Chatham; 1766 Globe, Chatham; 1767-69 Mitre, Chatham; 1770-90 Post Office, Chatham; 1791-1815 Sun Tavern, Chatham; was styled the Kent Lodge of Antiquity in 1781. § 16. — I. The practice of any one tavern, being common as a place of meeting, to two or more Lodges, seems to have been almost unknown in the last century : but it may not be so well understood, that Metropolitan brethren were then restricted, by Masonic law, to membership of a single Lodge ( ' ) : — Feb. 19 1723-4. — " No brother shall belong to more than one Lodge, within the bills of mortality, though he may visit them all, except the members of a foreign Lodge." This regulation, however, having become obsolete, was neglected for several years, until re-affirmed by Grand Lodge, March 23, 1742. C*) Upon which occasion Lodges were directed to deliver lists of their members, in order that brethren belonging to more than one Lodge, might be called upon " to make their election to what Lodge they will belong for the time to come." The (Mstom of the taverns, aided by the foregoing regulation of Grand Lodge, lessens the confusion that would otherwise be experienced, in tracing the steps of the earlier Lodges ; inasmuch as, from the Revival (1717), to 1729, before mmlers were assigned, or dates exhibited, there exists no means of iden- tification, except so far as the ancient Lodges then subsist- ing, can be connected with taverns, the names of which have been handed down to us. From 1729 onwards, though both numbers and dates are given in the lists, until some half century from the original estabhshment of the Grand Lodge, Lodges continue how- ever to be designated in the Proceedings of Quarterly Com- munications, by the names of their taverns only, in the generality of instances. For example, it is recorded (') : — July 11, 1729, "Dr. Desaguliers spoke for the Horn Lodge," — and similar references occur until so late as October 17, 1766. This imperfect system of registering the decisions of Grand Lodge, in regard to private Lodges, ren- dered it a task of extreme difficulty to follow the erasures and restorations, which, I have shown in my notes to the engraved list of 1740. (*) The names appearing in the official records being, as often as not, those which Lodges had borne in lists that were no longer available, and even where numbers were cited, these were frequently taken from an obsolete numeration ; it happening moreover, in some instances, that when a Lodge was specified by name, number, and locality, each of these aids to identification referred to a distinct stage of the Lodge's career. The taverns, therefore, continue to afford the best clue to the movements of Lodges, until the commencement of (1) Constitntions 1738. (s)G. L. Min.* (s) Ibid. (*) Appendix. 14 THE FOUR OLD LODGES. the present century. Such being the case, some remarks on the " Signs," distinguishing a few of the " Houses," •where our oldest Lodges assembled, may be found inte- resting. (') II. "The Goose and Geidiron (Antiquity) occurs at WoodhuU, Lincolnshire, and a few other localities : it is said to owe its origin to the following circumstances : ' The Mitre was a celebrated music-house, in London House Tard, at the N.W. end of St. Paul's ; when it ceased to be a music-house, the succeeding landlord, to ridicule its former destiny, chose for his sign a goose striking the bars of a gridiron with his foot, in ridicule of the Swan and Haep, a common sign for the early music-houses. Such an origin does the Tatler give ; but it may also be a ver- nacular of the coat of arms of the Company of Musicians suspended probably at the door of the Mitre when it was a music-house. These arms are, a swan with his wings ex- tended within a double tressure, counter, flory, argent. This double tressure might have suggested a gridiron to un- sophisticated passers-by.' " III. " In old times the ale-house windows {^) were generally open, so that the company within might enjoy the fresh air, and see all that was going on in the street ; but as the scenes within were not always fit to be seen by the ' profanum vulgus ' that passed by, a trellis was put up in the open window. This trellis, or lattice, was generally painted red, to the'intent, it has been jocularly suggested, that it might harmonise with the rich hue of the customers' noses ; which effect, at all events, was obtained by the choice of this colour.' Thus in the ' Last Will and Tes- tament of Laurence Lucifer ' 1604 : — ' Watched Bometimes ten hours together in an ale-honae, ever and anon peeping forth and sampling thy nose with the red lattice.' The lattices continued in use until the beginning of the eighteenth century, and after they disappeared from the windows were adopted as ' signs,' and such they continue to the present day. ' The Geben Lattice occurs on a trades token of Cock Lane, and still figures at the door of an ale- house in Billingsgate, whilst not many years ago there was one in Brownlow St., Holborn, which had been corrupted into the Geeen Lettuce.' " (Original No. 2). IV. " The Sun Tavern (') in Clare St., was one of the haunts of the witty Joe Miller, and is often given as the locality of his jokes." (§ 4.) (' ) The History of Sign-boards, from the earliest times to the pre- sent day (Botten and Larwood 1867), p 445. (3) Ibid, p 374. (9) Ibid. V. The Bell (*) was frequently added to the signs of public-houses in honour of the bell-ringers, who were in the habit of refreshing themselves there. Hence we have the Ravhn and Bell at Shrewsbury, Woherham'pton, (*) and Newport: the Dolphin and Bell on the token of John Warner, Aldersgate 1668 ; the Fish and Bell (evidently the same sign), Charles St., Soho. The Fish and Bell (Original No. 3) may either allude to the well-known anecdote of a certain numskull, who, when he caught a fish, which he desired to keep for dinner on some future grand occasion, put it back into the river, with a bell round its neck, so that he should be able to know its whereabouts the moment he wanted it, or it may be the usual Bell added in honour of the bell-ringers. YI. " The Bull and Gate (°) is a corruption of the Boulogne Gates, which, after the capture of Boulogne, Henry VIII. ordered to be taken away and transported to Hardes, in Kent. The Bull and Gate was a noted inn in the seventeenth century in Holborn, where Fielding makes his hero Tom Jones put up on his arrival in London. It is still in existence, under the same name, though much reduced in size." (Original No. 2). VII. The (') Feench Hoen was once a very common sign (Original No. 4). " The Hoens (') was a tavern of note in Fleet St. in the reign of Qaeen Elizabeth." Highgate was the headquarters for the swearing on the horn, and after taking the oath, the new-made member became fully acquainted with the privileges of a freeman, which consisted in : — " If at any time yon are going through Highgate, and want to rest yourself, and you see a pig lying in the ditch, you have liberty to kick her out and take her place ; but if you see three lying togeiier, you must only kick out the middle one, and lie between the other two." VIII. "At the beginning of this century (°) there was a noted tavern in Bond St. called The Beawn's Head, and the general opinion was, that at one time it had a brawn or boar's head for its sign ; this, however, was a mistake ; the house was named after the head of a noted cook, whose name was Theophilua Brawn, formerly landlord of the RUMMEE Tavern in Great Queen St., and the article (as the letters The were supposed to be) was simply an abbrevia- tion of the man's magnificent name," (British, No. 8). ( *) Hist, of Sign Boards, pp 165 and 230. (') Ibid, p 339. ( 5 ) Lists 12 and 13. ( 8 ) Ibid, p 166. (6 ) Hist, of Sign Boards, p 61. ( «) Ibid, p 381. THE FOUR OLD LODGES. 15 IX. " The Theee Compasses. O This sign is a partionlar favourite in London, where no less than twenty-one public-houses make a living under its shadow. , Perhaps this is partly owing to the compasses being a Masonic emblem, and a great many publicans ' worthy brethren,' Frequently the sign of the Compasses contains between the legs the following good advice : — ' Keep within compass, And then you'll b.e sure, To avoid man; tronbles That others endure.' " (§ 4.) X. " The FoTJNTAiNB C) Tavern in the Strand was * famous as the meeting place of the Ultra-Loyal party in 1685, who have talked over public affairs before the meeting of Parliament. But ' the fate of things lies always in the dark ;' in the reign of George II. this same house became a great resort for the Whigs." The Kit Oat Club, in winter, used to meet at this house. The name of the Club is said to have been derived from the first landlord, who was called Christopher Cat ; he ex- celled in the making of mutton pies, which were named after him Kit Cat, and were the standard dish of the Club :— " Here did th' assembly's title first arise, And Kit Kat's wits sprang first from Kit Cat's pies." (§ 4). XI. " One of. the most famous Globe (') Taverns stood, till the beginning of this century, in Fleet St. It had been one of the favourite haunts of Oliver Cromwell ; who, it appears, was never tired of hearing a certain ' tun of a man ' sing ' Nottingham Ale.' Goldsmith's face was so well known here that a wealthy pork butcher, another habitue of the house, used to drink to him in the familiar words, ' Come, Noll, old boy, here's ray service to you.' " XII. In a masque of 1683, (*) the constituents of a tavern are thus described : — " A flaminge red lattice, seueral drinking roomes, and a backe doore, but especially a conceited signe and an eminent hush." The Bush certainly must be counted amongst the most ancient and popular of signs. Indications of it are to be seen in the Bayeux tapestry, in that part where a house is set on fire, with the inscription, Hia donvus mcenditur, next to which appears a large building, from which projects something very like a pole and bush, both at the front and the back of the building. The custom came evidently from the Bomans, and with it the oft-repeated proverb, " Good wine needs no bush." (Mourning Bush, now Emulation, No. 21.) ( 1 ) Hist, of Sign Boards, p 147. ( ') Ibid, p 414. Appendix, list 13. (») Ibid, p 494. (*) Ibid. XIII. " Between Chancery Lane and Turnstile (says Pennant) (f) is to be seen a sign which I thought only existed in one of the prints of the humourous Hogarth : I mean that of St. John's Mead in a charger, inscribed Good Eating Within." The Three Ceanes, in the Vintry, was a wharf allotted for the landing of wines, as the name imports, (') but instead of the Three Cranes, which used to lift the barrels of wine, three lirds were represented. (The compilers of our early private lists, who doubtless guessed the meaning of the signs from the pictured impressions in the engraved series, evidently possessed a very limited knowledge of ornithology, this sign being invariably described as the Three Swans.) (See §§ 4 and 5.) XrV. The Nag's Head (') Tavern, Cheapside, was the fictitious scene of consecratioii of the Protestant Bishops, at the accession of Queen Elizabeth in 1559, who, on the refusal of Anthony Kitehen, Bishop of Llandaff, to perform the ceremony (it was asserted), determined to consecrate one another, Scorey beginning with Parker, who instantly rose Archbishop of Canterbury. A refutation of this tale may, however, be read in Strype's Life of Archbishop Parker, at p 57. XV. The Apple Tkbe (*) Tavern, in Dorrington St., was much resorted to by the discharged prisoners from the neighbouring House of Correction and their friends, " perhaps the only waggery in public-house customs (writes J. T. Smith in his " Vagabondia ") now remaining is in the taproom of the Apple Tree, opposite Cold Bath Fields Prison. There are a couple of handcuffs fastened to the wires as bell pnlls, and the orders given by some of the company when they wish their friends to ring, are ' agi- tate the conductors.' " This house was at one time kept by Topham, " the Strong Man," whose amazing perform- ances greatly interested Dr. Desaguliers, and are noticed in his " Course of Experimental Philosophy." A print in Kirby's " Wonderful Museum," (') also the sign at a public-house in East Smithfield, called the " Strong Man," represent Topham performing some of his wonderful feats of strength (No. 45.) (9 ) Some Account of London, 1793, p 187. (6) Ibid, p 335. (') Ibid, p 423. (8) Hist, of Clerkenwell (Pinks), p 141. (9) Hist, of Islington (Nelson), 1811, p 124. 16 THE FOUR OLD LODGES. XVI. The Half Moon, CheapBide.(') Elias Ashmole, the eminent philosopher, chemist and antiquary, records in his Diary that he dined here with a company of Masons (he having been 36 years a member of the Craft) in 1682. The present Globe Lodge, No. 23, met at this tavern from 1723 until after 1740 ; and here also was Preston's " Mother " Lodge — formerly meeting at the White Habt on the roll of the " Ancients " — constituted for the second time in ample form, and became the Caledonian Lodge under the Constitutional Grand Lodge of England (Moderns). (§4.) XVII. The meetings of Grand Lodge were held at the Kings Aems and the Fountaine, Strand, in 1721 ; at the White Lion, Cornhill, and the Ceown, Threadneedle Street, in 1723 ; at the Bell, Westminster, and the Devil, Temple Bar, in 1725. At the Devil was formed the celebrated Apollo Club, presided over by " rare Ben Jonson." Subsequent meetings of Grand Lodge took place at the Queen's Head, Great Queen Street, in 1728 ; at the Three Tons, Swithin's Alley, in 1729 ; at the Eose, in Mary-la-Bonne, and the Half Moon, Cheapside, 1731 ; and at the Castle, Drury Lane, in 1732. (^) About sixteen sessions of Grand Lodge were held at the Ceown and Anohoe, in the Strand. It was at this tavern that on the 8th November 1813, was held an "Especial Grand Lodge of the Ancients." In the following month the Union with the Grand Lodge of the " Moderns " was accomplished, and thus was formed " The United Grand Lodge of Ancient Freemasons of England."(^) XIX. The following minute, attests that the habits contracted by our ancestors, in the taverns at which their Lodges assembled, were not readily relinquished, during their attendance at the Communications of Grand Lodge : — G.L.Min. "Deo.4, 1755. — The Lodge took into consideration the Eeaolntion of the last C.C. (Committee of Charity ) — That the Smoaking Tobacco or other thing should not for the future he permitted at any C.C. or Q.C. (Quarterly Communication) until all Business is over, when the D.G.M. observed that it was not only highly disagreeable and inconvenient to the many not used to it, but it was also an in- decency that should never be suffered in any solemn Assembly, and was a great interruption of the Business of the Lodge as it prevented that due attention which every Brother ought to have to what was transacting, and therefore moved that the said Resolution of the said C.C. be made a Law of the Grand Lodge. Which was agreed to, and ordered to be entered accordingly." ( ' ) Freemason's Magazine, Jan. 1794. ( 2) Constit. 1V38. Old and New London (Thornbury). (3 ) Freemason's Chronicle, 13th Feb. 1875. Mas. Mem. p 16. " Lists of Lodges " referred to : — Engraved Lists (36).— 1723; 1725; 1736; 1738-41; 1744-5; 1750; 1752-58; 1760-62; 1764-70; 1772-73 ; 1775-78.— (Grand Lodge.) 1729; 1734; 1763. — (Pub. by Bro. W. J. Hughan.) — 1762 (British Museum.) Miscellaneous Lists.— 1722 ; 1738 ; 1756.-— (Constit.) 1730 (S. Prichard) ; 1733 (Rawlinson) ; 1785 (Picart); 1737 (Prichard); 1763-65 (Pocket Gom- panion) ; 1765 J. Cooke; 1766 ; 1775-1815 {Free- masons' Galendar) ; 1797 (E. Newberry) ; 1813-14 (Hughan's Mas. Mem.) The engraved lists commence in 1723, and the latest I have been able to trace is that for 1778. Of the 56 lists issued during this period, assuming the publication to have been an annual one, twenty are missing, viz., 1724; 1726-28; 1730-33; 1735; 1737; 1742-43; 1746-49; 1751; 1759; 1771 and 1774. The recovery of the lists for 1726-28 and 1730-33 is very greatly to be desired. John Pine was the engraver from 1723 to 1741, but the first work of the kind, bearing his name, in the Library of Grand Lodge, is the edition for 1725, the earlier one of 1723 having been printed by Eman Bo wen. The lists for 1742-3 are missing, but in 1744 the engraver was again Eman Bowen. Benjamin Cole then followed during 1745-66, being in turn succeeded by William Cole, in 1767, who brought out, in 1778, the latest engraved list, which is now owned by our National Masonic Library. The establishment of the Freemasons' Calendar in 1777, in opposition to an unauthorised publication of the same name, published by the Stationers' Company in 1776-76, seems to have gradually extinguished the older official Hst, In the Calendar for 1778 appears the following note: — " It being found impracticable to insert a correct list of the days of meeting in this annual publication, on account of the very frequent alterations that are made, the Lodges are arranged in alphabetical order, and the figures refer to the numbers in the engraved Hit, pub- lished under the authority of the Grand Master, by W. Cole, engraver to the Society, No. 109, Newgate-street, where new impressions of the lists, corrected every month, may he had," — a similar announce- ment appears in 1779, but in no later editions. The " signs of the houses" cease to be shown after 1769. The engraved lists were renewed annually, certainly from 1738, and probably from the commencement of the series. Latterly, indeed, frequent editions were issued in a single year, which are not always found to harmonise with one another. To facilitate reference, the five changes of numbers, which tookplacein the Ia;st century, viz., in 1740, 1756, 1770, 1781, and 1792, are all shown (Appendix) with, in each case, a distinct separate column, containing the numbers borne by Lodges on the previous numeration. This arrange- ment will enable the interested reader to identify any Lodge constituted prior to the Union (1813) with its name, place, a,ndidate on all previous lists from 1729 onwards. THE POUR OLD LODGES. 17 PAET IL § 17. — Let us now apply onrselves to the inquiry, what are, or were the especial privileges of the four old Lodges ? (') I. Prior to the formation of the Grand Lodge (1717) it seems to have been the settled usage that " a sufficient number of Masons, met together within a certain district, had at that time ample power to make Masons, and dis- charge all the duties of Masonry, without any warrant of Constitution, the privilege being inherent in themselves as individuals." At the first meeting, O however, of the Grand Lodge, the following regulation was passed, viz., that the privilege of assembling as Masons, which had hitherto been unlimited, shonld no longer be vested in the power of the Fraternity at large, but that every Lodge to be thereafter convened, except ilie four old Lodges, at that time existing, should be legally authorised to act by a Warrant from the Grand Master for the time being, with the consent and approbation of the Grand Lodge in I Communication, and that without such Warrant, no Lodge should be hereafter deemed regular or constitutional. II. In compliment to the brethren of the four old Lodges, by whom the Grand Lodge was first formed, it was resolved, " That every privilege which they collectively enjoyed, by virtue of their immemorial rights, they should still continue to enjoy, and that no law, rule, or regulation, to ie Tiereafter made, shonld deprive them of such privileges, or encroach on any. landmark, which was at that time established as the standard of Masonic Government." III. This resolution being confirmed, the old Masons in the metropolis, agreeably to the resolution of the brethren at large, vested all their inherent privileges as individuals in the four old Lodges, in trust, that they would never suffer the old charges and ancient landmarks to be infringed. IV. Thei four old Lodges then agreed to extend their patronage to every Lodge which shonld hereafter be ( 1 ) Illustrations of Masonry, by Bro. W. Preston, Editions 1775, 1781, 1796, 1801, and 1804. See next page (notes 4 and 5) and § 18 (VII.) (2) Bro. Findel (p 140) dates the passing of this resolution at 1723, but though a similar one was re-affirmed in that year (§ 18 VI.) old Eegulation Till. (Constit. 1723, p 60) approved in 1721, expressly I forbids the formation of any Lodge without the Grand Master's I Warrant. This regulation had probably been in force for some time 1 prior to 1720, and was doubtless included in the code of rules then Vdrawn up by Grand Master Payne. constituted by the Grand Lodge according to the new regulations of the Society, and while such Lodges acted in conformity to the ancient Constitutions of the Order to admit their Masters and Wardens (') to share with them all the privileges of the Grand Lodge, excepting precedence of rank. Matters being thus amicably ad- justed, the brethren of the four Lodges considered their attendance on the future Communications of the Society as unnecessary ; and, therefore, like the other Lodges, trusted implicitly to their Master and Wardens, resting satisfied that no measure of importance would be adopted without their approbation. The Officers of the Old Lodges, however, soon began to discover that the new Lodges, being equally represented with them at the Com- munications, might, in process of time, so far outnumber the old ones, as to have it in their power, by a majority, to encroach on, or even subvert, the privileges of the original Masons of England, which had been centred in the four ■ old Lodges, with the concurrence of the brethren at large. V. Therefore they very wisely formed a code of laws for the future government of the Society, and annexed thereto a conditional clause ; which it was agreed that the Grand Master for the time being, his successors, and the Master of every Lodge to be hereafter constituted, should engage to preserve, and keep sacred and inviolable, in all time coming. To commemorate this circumstance, it has been customary (says Preston) ever since that time for the Master of the oldest Lodge to attend every Grand Installation : and, taking precedence of all present, the Grand Master only excepted, to deliver the book of the original Constitutions to the new installed Grand Master on his engaging to support the ancient Charges and the general Regulations. The conditional clause above referred to runs thus : — " Every annual Geand Lodge has an inherent Power and Authority to make new Regulations, or to alter these, for the real Benefit of this ancient Fraternity ; Provided always that the old Land Marks Be Carefully Preserved ; and that such alterations and new regulations be proposed and agreed to at the third Quarterly Communication preceding the Annual Grand Feast ; and that they be ( ' ) The privilege of voting in Grand Lodge was only extended to Past Grand Masters, 21st Nov. 1724 ; to Past Deputy Grand Masters, 28th Feb. 1726; and to Grand Wardens, 24th June 1727. This explains why Bros. Sayer and Payne (Past Grand Masters) appear at p 2 as Officers of private Lodges. 3 18 THE FOUR OLD LODGES. offered also to tlie perusal of all Brethren before dinner, in writing, even of the youngest apprentice ; the approbation and consent of the majority of all the brethren present being absolutely necessary to make the same binding and obligatory-''^) This remarkable clause, with thirty-eight regulations preceding it, all of which are printed in the first Edition of the Book of Constitutions, was approved, ratified, and con- firmed by one hundred and fifty brethren, at an annual Assembly and Feast held at Stationers' Hall, on St. John the Baptist's day 1721, and, in their presence, was subscribed by the Masters and Wardens of the four old Lodges on one part ; and by Philip Duke of Wharton the Grand Master ; TheophilusDesaguliers,LL.D.andF.R.S.,the Deputy Grand Master; Joshua Timson and William Hawkins the Grand Wardens, and the Master and Wardens of sixteen Lodges constituted betwixt 1717 and 1721, on the other part. (") [The Thirty-nine old Begulations were compiled first by Grand Master Payne, in 1720, and were approved by the representatives of twelve Lodges, and by one hundred and fifty brethren at the Annual Assembly and Feast held at Stationers' Hall on the 24th June 1721. On the 29th September following, " fault having been found with all the copies of the old Gothic Constitutions," Grand Lodge ordered Dr. Anderson " to digest the same in a new and better method." On 27th December of the same year (the represent- atives of 20 Lodges being present) " fourteen learned brothers were appointed to examine Dr. Anderson's MS. and to make report." On the 25th March 1722 (the officers of 24 Lodges being present), " the said Committee of fourteen reported that they had perused Bro. Ander- son's MS., viz. — the History, Charges, Regulations, and Master's Song, and after some amendments, had approved of it, upon which the Lodge desired the Grand .Master to order it to be printed." On 17th January 1723, the Duke of Wharton was invested and installed as Grand Master, "the officers of twenty-five Lodges paying their homage,'' and " Grand Warden Anderson produced the new book of Constitutions, now in Print, which was again approved. "(^) According to Preston (ante) the Compact of 1721 was subscribed by the Grand Officers of 1723, who, more- ever, are incorrectly named. Dr. Anderson having on 17th January 1723 been appointed Grand Warden in the place (1) Conatitutions 1723, pp 58 to 70, Art. 39. (2) See note 5, also §§ 8 and 18 (VII.), and Manifesto of Lodge of Antiquity, olanae 4. — Post. (3) Constit. 1738, pp 112, 115, and 152. of Bro. William Hawkins, demitted," as always out of Town."(*)] VI. By the above prudent precaution of our antient bretliren, the original Constitutions were established as the basis of all future Masonic jurisdiction in the South of Eng- land ; and the Ancient Landmarks, as they are emphatically styled, or the boundaries set up as checks to innovation or absolute dominion, were carefully secured against the attacks of future invaders. The four old Lodges, in con- sequence of the above contract, in which they considered themselves as a distinct party, continued to act by their' original authority. And so far from surrendering any of their rights, had them frequently ratified and confirmed by the whole fraternity in Grand Lodge assembled, who always acknowledged their independent and immemorial power to practise the rites of Masonry. No regulations of the Society, which might hereafter talce place, could therefore operate with respect to those Lodges, if such regulations were contrary to, or subversive of, the origina Oonstitutions by which only they were governed; and while their proceedings were conformable to those Con- stitutions, no power known in Masonry could legally de- prive them of any right or privilege which they had ever enjoy ed.{'^) § 18. — The following circumstantial account-of the Old Lodges,(*) by Bro. William Preston, P.M. Lodge of Antiquity (the Masonic historian), may here be appropri- ately inserted : — I. " Of the four old Lodges there is only one extant, viz.. No. 1. The old Lodge of St. Paul, now named the Lodge of Antiquity, formerly held at the Goose and Gridiron in St. Paul's Church-yard.(') II. " The Lodge No. 2, formerly held at the Crown in Parker's Lane in Drury Lane, has been extinct above fifty (^) years, by the death of its members. § 10 (II.) (*) The privileges of the old Lodges were first discussed by Preston in the third edition of his work (1781), in which he states, " when the former editions of this book were printed, the anther was not sufficiently acquainted with this part of the History of Masonry in England," (p 224). (^) Except where other authorities are cited, the Statements embodied in this Section (17) rest on Preston's unsupported narrative. (B) See §§ 6, and 9-12. (7) Preston, Ed. 1781, p 224. See p 19, note 2. (8) Ibid. This statement first appears in this edition (1781), and is repeated verbatim in those of 1796, 1801, 1804, and indeed every other, including the l7th Edition, published in 1861. THE POUR OLD LODGES. 19 III. " Lodge No. 3, formerly held at the Apple Tree Tavern, in Charles-street, Covent-garden, has been dissolved many years. By the List of Lodges inserted in the Book of Constitutions, printed in 1738, it appears, that in February 1722-3, this Lodge was removed to the Queen's Head, in Knave's Acre, on account of some difference amoDg its members ; and that the members who met there came under a new Constitution, though, says the Book of Constitutions, thet wanted it not:(') and ranked as No. 10 in the list. Thus they inconsider- ately renounced their former rank and every ancient privilege which they derived from their immemorial Con- stitution. IV. Original No. 4, formerly held at the Rummer and Grapes, removed to the Horn Tavern, and then agreed to incorporate with the Somerset House Lodge, which immediately assumed their rank.(^) "The members of this Lodge," says Preston, "tacitly agreed to a renuncia- tion of their rights as one of the four original Lodges, by openly avowing a declaration of their Master in Grand Lodge. They put themselves entirely under the authority of the Grand Lodge ; claimed no distinct privilege, by virtue of an Immemorial Constitution, but precedency of rank, and considered themselves subject to every law or regulation of the Grand Lodge, over whom they could admit of no control, and to whose determination they and every Lodge were bound to submit." It was resolved in Grand Lodge, that the members of the Lodge of Antiquity should agree to the same pro- position, but they refused, it being, in their opinion, repug- nant to the contract established at the first formation of the Grand Lodge, and to the original Constitutions of the ' ( 1 ) From this expression it is evident that the members of this Lodge were understood to have an inherent right, at least collectively,. without any new authority, to meet aa a Lodge, and to discharge the duties of Masonry ; and this in a more fall and ample manner than any newly constituted Lodge conid do ; for it is very remarkable that the four Old Lodges always preserved their original power of making, passing, and raising Masons, being termed Masters' Lodges ; while the other Lodges, for many years afterwards, had no such power, it having been the custom to pass and eaise Masons at the Grand Lodge only.— (Presiom, Ei. 1781, p 225). Ebgtoations of Geand Lodge :—" Apprentices must be admitted Masters and Fellow-craft only here, unless by a dispensation." — ConiUt. 1723, p 61. 22nd Nov. 1725 : — " The Master of a Lodge, with his Wardens, and a competent number of the Lodge assembled in due form, can mate Masters and Fellows at discretion." — Constit. 1738, p 160; 1756, p 280. (2) The remainder of this paragraph is omitted in the editions published after the restoration of No. 1. to its old place on the roll (1790), and Preston then speaks ef the two old Lodges now extant which act by Immemorial Constitution. Order, to which all Masons in England were bound to pay obedience. V. Upon this the Lodge of Antiquity withdrew from the Grand Lodge, published a Manifesto in vindication of its conduct, resumed its original powers, and having asserted that the contract of 1721 had been violated by the Grand Lodge, proceeded to act as a Lodge in the same manner it was authorised to do before that contract was formed. VI. Referring to the preceding paragraphs (I.— IV.), the following note on the four old Lodges, by the same writer, exhibits an entirely different view of their privileges and responsibilities. (') — " It is a question that will admit of some discussion, whether any of the above old Lodges can, while they exist as Lodges, surrender their rights ; as these rights seem to have been granted by the old Masons of the metropolis to them in trust, and any individual member of the Four Old Lodges might object to the surrender, and in that case they never could be given up." The position thus advanced by Preston is confirmed by the Constitutions of 1723, containing the "old Regulations" so eulogised by him in § 17, to which is appended the following APPROBATION. Thekepoee we, the present Gramd Master of the Right Worshipful and Most Ancient Fraternity of Free and Accepted, Masons, the Deputy Ora/nd Master, the Grand Wardens, the Masters and Wardens of particular Lodges, [with the consent of the Brethren and Fellows m and about the cities o/ London and Westminsteb ( »)] having alsoperuaed this performance, do join our laudable Predecessors in onr solemn Approbation thereof, as what we believe will fully answer the end proposed : all the valuable things of the old Records being retained.(*) It admits of little doubt, that in its inception, the Grand Lodge of England was intended merely as a governing body for the Masons of the Metropolis. The minutes of Grand Lodge sufficiently attest this, as will be presently shown, but it may also be mentioned that no Provincial Lodges appear on the roll before 1724 : — Nov. 25 1723,(5) — Agreed — "That no new Lodge in or newr London, without it be regularly oonstitnted, be countenanced by the Grand Lodge, nor the Master or Wardens admitted to Grany Lodge." (3) Preston, Ed. 1798, p 248. This note appears for the first time in 1796 and carries with it, therefore, greater weight than if it had been penned by Preston during the schism of 1778-90. (*) This was followed by the names of Philip Duke of Wharton, G.M. ; J. T. Desaguliers, D.6.M. ; and others, as set out at p 2. Note the passage within brackets (^); and compare with § 17 (III. and VL) (S) G.L. Min. 20 THE FOUR OLD LODGES. Nov. 21 1724,(1)— Ordered— "That if any brethren shall meet irregularly and ruake Masons at any place within ten miles of London (the new brethren excepted) shall not be admitted even as visitors into any regnlar Lodge whatsoever, unless thsy come and make such submission to the Grand Master and Grand Lodge, as they shall think fit to impose on them. The position of the London Building Societies, from the earliest times, was of a very exceptional character, as will be best illustrated by a brief reference to the Statute Book. In 1 514-15, (^) it was enacted: — "That no Freemason, Mastir Carpenter, Rough Mason, etc., take no more, ne gretter wages than in this Statute is lymytted " — but in the following year (^) — " on the Humble Petycyon of the Artificers of the Oytie of London," it was ordered " that the seid Artificers and their prentices workyn wyiliin the seid Gytie, or the lihtie of the same, from hensforth may take lyke wages as they did take before the seid estatute hadde or made." By one of the Clauses of a Statute of 1548,(*) it was forbidden " to interrupte, denye, lett, or disturb any Freemason, Rough Mason, Carpenter, Bricklayer, Plays- terer, Joyner, Hard Hewer, Sawyer, Tyler, Pavyer, Glasyer, Lyme Burner, Brickmaker, Tylemaker, Plumber, or Laborer, borne in this Realme, or made Denizon, to worke in anye Cittie, Boroughe, or Towne Corporate; albeit the sayde pson or psons doe not inhabyte or dwell in the Cittie, Boroughe, or Towne, nor he free of the same." Bro. Fort has noticed this law, " as repealing the statutes which prohibited the Craft of Builders from freely practising their trade according to ancient usage and custom." Almost identical language is used by Bro. Findel,(^) but a careful examination of its terms will render it quite clear, that the enactment was framed in continuation of the policy, of which the much quoted law of 1425 (3 Henry VI. cap. 1) was but an intermediate manifestation, (^) and constituted a further attempt to check the increasing abuses of the trade or craft guilds in their restraint of skilled labour, native or foreign, from a full and free participation in the privileges incident to the mechanical trades. (') That the privileges of the old trade guilds of London were not lightly suppressed is, however, clearly evidenced (1) G.L. Min. C) 6 Henry VIII. cap. iii. C) 7 Henry VIIL cap. T. (*) 2 and 3 Edward VI. cap. XT. (5) Antiqnities of Freemasonry, p ISO; Hist of Freemasonry, p 80. (6) Eden's State of the Poor (1797), Vol. I. p 35. (7) Brentano, History and Developement of Gilds, p 148; see § 22 (III.) by the repeal of this obnoxious Clause in the following year (1549) on the express ground: — "That ifForrens (non-freemen) sholde come and worke within the libtyes of the Cittie, that the same sholde be a great decay of coaynge and an ympoverishment and drivinge awaye of the freemen being Artificers of the Crafts, Artes, and Mysteries aforesaide within the saide Cittie of London."(') Though the legal efiect of the foregoing enactment was a removal from Trade or Craft Guilds, in all Cities, Boroughs, or Towns Corporate, of the restrictions im- posed upon them by the legislation of 1548: it may reasonably be inferred that the Building Trades of London, in whose interest it was passed, derived the chief, if not the exclusive benefit of its provisions. The special consideration accorded by Parliament ,to the building trades of London, might indeed favour the supposition that, from the influential and highly pri- vileged character of these societies, tliey preserved their ancient customs unimpaired long after thoso of the pro- vincial Crafts had lapsed into desuetude ; until becoming, in the end, the sole depositories of whatever traditions were common to the associations of buildcrsC) — the four old Architectural Lodges of 1717, the representatives of ancient Masonry in its latest phase — naturally enough, at the re- organisation of the institution on a speculative basis, only contemplated, in the first instance, its wider extension within the limits of the metropolis. VII. It should be observed, in regard to Preston's connection with the Lodge of Antiquity, that having previously delivered a course of Masonic lectures at the Mitre, in Fleet-street, and published the first edition of his " Illustrations of Masonry," this Lodge, on the occasion of his appearing amongst them as a visitor, on 15th June 1774, not only admitted him a member, but actually elected him Master at the same meeting. ("*) Though writing with a great bias in favour of the Lodge, (8)3 and 4 Edward VI. cap xx. (8) Prom the faot that almost identical versions of the Masonio legend and charges were in circulation among the Scotch, York, and London Masons in the middle of the seventeenth century, it may be contended that in all essential features the secrets of the old opera- tive Lodges were the same throughout both kingdoms. The practice, however, in Scotland of authorising individual brethren to make Masons out of the Lodge, probably conduced to the same want of uniformity in the secret ceremonial of the Craft in the seventeenth as it admittedly caused in the eighteenth century (Lyon, pp 22 and 105). Masonry in York had practically died out in 1717, no meeting of the Old Lodge in that city taking place between 1716 and 1723, in which latter year it was probably galvanized into fresh existence by the impetus which Masonry everywhere received from the in- creasing importance of the Grand Lodge in the South. (">) F. M. Mag. (1795), Vol IV. p 3. European Mag. (1811), Vol. LIX. p 323. THF. FOUR OLD LODGES. 21 ■which had paid him so signal a compliment, Preston's views on all points, excepting the relative merits of the " four old Lodges," carry with them great weight, and are entitled to our utmost respect. Whilst holding the office of Deputy Grand Secretary (•which he afterwards resigned) he -was specially employed in arranging the general regulations of the Society, and in preparing for the press an Appendix to the Book of Con- stitutions ; during this period he amassed a quantity of memoranda from which was afterwards formed his His- tory of Masonry. The early proceedings of the Grand Lodge of England, during 1717-23, rest upon his almost unsupported narrative, but apart from the fact that the second edition of his great work (1775) was published with the formal sanction of the then Grand Master, it should be recollected that he wrote at a p»riod when aome were doubtless still living who had actually taken part in the " Revival," whilst many were competent to criticise his statements, from having been actively associated in Masonry with brethren who made the history, which PrestiOn has so graphically narrated. Preston, however, is clearly in error in describing the sixteen new Lodges constituted between 1717 and 1721 as a party to the contract of the latter year (§§ 17 and 23). The original constitutions were no doubt approved by the then existing Lodges, in 1721, but not being quite ready for the press, their final approbation was postponed until 17th January 1723, when it is beyond question (p 2) that the representatives of sixteen new or warranted Lodges duly signified their assent, including the present Tuscan Lodge, No. 14. (constituted 25th November 1722), then meeting at the George and Dragon, Charring Cross {sic). Preston died at his house in Dean-street, Fetter-lane, 1st April 1818, and on 10th April was buried in St. Paul's Cathedral. It may be interesting now to turn to Bro. Preston's description of the temporary secession of the Lodge of Antiquity, original No. 1, from the Regular Grand Lodge, as well as to his enumeration of the privileges enjoyed by the time Immemorial Lodges. Q) § 19. I. On the 1st of May 1777, Lord Petre waa succeeded by the Dnke of Manchester, dnring whose administration the tranquillity of the Society was interrupted by private dissensions. An unfortnnate dispute having arisen among the members of the Lodge of Antiquity, on account of some proceedings of the brethren of that Lodge on the Festival of St. John the Evangelist, after his Grace's election, the complaint vras introduced into the Grand Lodge, where it ooou- (1) Preston, Ed. 1781, 1796, 1801, and 1804. pied the attention of every Committee and Communication for twelve months. It originated from the Master, Wardens, and some of the members, having, in consequence of a resolution of the Lodge, attended divine service at St. Dnnstan's Chnrch in Fleet Street, in the clothing of the Order, and walked back to the Mitre Tavern in their regalia, without having obtained a dispensation for the pur- pose. The Grand Lodge determined the measure to be a violation of the general regulations respecting public processions. Various opinions were formed on the subject, and several brethren highly disgusted. Another circumstance tended still farther to widen the breach. This Lodge having expelled three members for misbe- haviour, the Grand Lodge interfered, and without proper inves- tigation, ordered them to be reinstated. With this order the Lodge refused to comply, conceiving themselves competent judges in the choice of their own members, the privileges of the Lodge of An- tiquity were then set np in opposition to the supposed uncontrollable authority of the Grand Lodge ; and in the investigation of this important point the original cause of dispute was totally forgotten. Matters were agitated to the extreme on both sides ; resolutions were precipitately entered into, and edicts inadvertently issued ; memorials and remonstrances were presented. At last a rupture ensued. The Lodge of Antiquity supported its immemorial privi- leges ; appointed Committees to examine records ; applied to the old Lodge in York City, and to the Lodges in Scotland and Ireland, for advice ; entered a protest against, and peremptorily refused to comply with, the resolutions of the Gtand Lodge ; discontinued the attendance of its Master and Wardens at the Committees of Charity and Quarterly Communications as its representatives ; published a Manifesto in its vindication ; notified its separation from the Grand Lodge ; and avowed an alliance with the Grand Lodge of all England held in the City of York, and every Lodge and Mason who wished to act in conformity to the original Constitutions. The Grand Lodge enforced its edicts, and extended protection to the brethren whose cause it had espoused. Anathemas were issued, several worthy men in their absence expelled from the Society for refusing to surrender the property of the Lodge to three persons who had been regularly expelled from it ; and printed letters were circulated, with the Grand Treasurer's accounts, highly derogatory to the dignity of the Society. This produced a schism, which subsisted for the space of ten years. II. To justify the proceedings of the Grand Lodge, the following resolution of the Committee of Charity, held in Feb. 1779, was printed and dispersed among the Lodges : — " Resolved — That every private Lodge derives its authority from the Grand Lodge, and that no authority but the Grand Lodge can withdraw or take away that power. That though the majority of a Lodge may determine to quit the Society the constitution, or power of assembling remains with, and is vested in the rest of the members who may be desirous of continuing their allegiance ; and that if all the members withdraw themselves, the constitution is extinct, and the authority reverts to the Grand Lodge." III. This resolution, it was argued might operate with respect to a Lodge which derives its Constitution from the Grand Lodge, but could not apply to one which derived its authority from another channel, long before the establishment of the Grand Lodge, and which authority had been repeatedly admitted and acknowledged. Had it appeared upon record, that after the establishment of the Grand Lodge this original authority had been surrendered, forfeited, or exchanged fora warrant from the Grand Lodge. (2) The Lodge of Antiquity must have admitted the resolution of the Grand Lodge in its full force. But as no such circumstance appeared upon record, the members (2) This is a hit all round at original Nos. 4, 2 and 3 respectively, and illustrates the absence of cohesion amongst the four old Lodges, who uniiedVy might have preserved their privileges for all time. The spoliation of No. 3 was powerfully assisted by a member of No. 4 (Bro. Ohocke). The erasure of No. 4 elicited no protest from its fellow " Immemorials" — No. 2 passed off the scene unlamented ; and on No. 1 availing itself of its undoubted right to retire from the Masonic Union in 1778, the remaining old Lodges raised no objection to the name, status and privileges of the senior Lodge, being vested in a few expelled members of it, who continued their allegiance to the Grand Lodge. 22 THE FOUR OLD LODGES. of the Lodge of Antiquity were justified in considering their imme- morial constitution sacred, while they chose to exist as a Lodge and act in obedience to the ancient Constitntions. Considering the subject in this point of view, it evidently appears that the resolutions of the Grand Lodge, could have no effect on the Lodge of Antiquity ; especially after the publication of the Manifesto avowing its separation. The members of that Lodge continued to meet regularly as heretofore, aud to promote the laudable purposes of Masonry on their old independent foundation. IV. The Lodge of Antiquity, it was asserted, could not be dis- solved, while the majority of its members kept together, and acted in conformity to the original Constitution; and no edict of the Grand Lodge or iis commiWees(^) could deprive the members of that Lodge of a right which had been admitted to be vested in themselves, collectively, from time immemorial ; a right which had never been derived from, or ceded to, any Grand Lodge what- ever- To understand more clearly the nature of that Constitution, by which the Lodge of Antiquity is upheld, we must have recourse to the usage and customs which prevailed among Masons at the end of the last, and beginning of the present century. The Fraternity then had a discretionary power to meet as Masons, in certain numbers, according to their degrees, -with the approbation of the Master of the work where any public building was carrying on, as often as they found it necessary so to do ; aud when so met, to receive into the Order brothers and fellows, and practise the rites of Masonry. The idea of investing Masters and Wardens of Lodges in Grand Lodge assembled, or the Grand Master himself, with a power to grant Warrants of Constitution to certain brethren to meet as Masons, on the observance of certain conditions at certain houses, had no existence. The Fraternity, were under no such restrictions. The ancient charges were the only standard for the regulation of conduct, and no law ■was known in the Society which those charges did not inculcate. To the award of the Fraternity at large, in general meeting assem- bled, once or twice in a year, all brethren were subject, and the authority of the Grand Master never extended beyond the bounds of that general meeting. (2) Every private assembly or Lodge was nnder the direction of its particular Master, chosen for the occasion * whose authority terminated with the meeting. (' ) When a Lodge was fixed at any particular place for a certain time, an attestation from the brethren present, entered on record, was a anfiioient proof of its Tegular constitution ; and this practice prevailed for many years after the revival of Masonry in the South of England. By this authority, which never proceeded from the Grand Lodge, unfettered by any other restrictions than the Constitutions of Masonry, the Lodge of Antiquity has always been, and still continues to be governed. V. [(*) Audit is well known to have been an invariable rule, long after the establishment of the Grand Lodge in London, on its present system, for the Grand Master, at his installation, solemnly to engage to observe the ancient Constitutions, and to preserve the ancient privileges, of the Masons of England, as landmarks not to be removed. From this state of the case, it must appear obvious that any regu- lation of the Society that is subversive of the original Constitutions, must be an encroachment on the ancient privileges of Masonry ; and however, it may operate with respect to Lodges which have been con- stituted in conformity to that regulation, it can never affect others which are not warranted by their constitution to give it a sanction.] TI. While I have endeavoured to explain the subject of this unfor- tunate dispute, I rejoice in the opportunity which the proceedings of the grand feast in 1790 have afforded of promoting harmony, by re- storing tO'the privileges of the Society all the brethren of the Lodge of Antiquity who had been falsely accused and unjustly expelled in 1779. By the operation of our professed principles, and through the mediation of that true friend to genuine Masonry, William Birch, (1) § 24 (Y.) (2) See § 22 (III.) (3) N.B, — In antient times no hrother, however skilled in the Craft, mas called a Master Mason until he had been elected into the chair of a Lodge. — Constit. 1873, p 7. (*) Preston, Ed. 1781 {only). Esq., present Master of the Lodge of Antiquity, unanimity has been happily restored, the Manifesto published by that Lodge in 1779 revoked, and the Master and Wardens of that truly ancient Associa- tion, the first Lodge under the English Constitution, have resumed their seats in Grand Lodge as heretofore ; while the brethren who had received the sanction of the Society as nominal members of the Lodge of Antiquity during the separation, have been reunited with the original members of the real Lodge, and all the privileges of that venerable body now centre in one channel. § 20. — Brother Preston, in the foregoing narrative, omits to mention, that during the pendency of the secession, the Lodge of Antiquity, original No. 1, founded a separate Grand Lodge of its own, under the title of the " Grand Lodge of England South of the Trent." There being in consequence, at such time, four Grand Lodges of England in contemporaneous existence, viz. : — (^) 1. The Grand Lodge of England (Regular Grand Lodge), Established 1717. , 2. The Grand Lodge of all England, York Masons,(^) 1726. 3. The Grand Lodge of England according to the Old Institutions (" Seceders "), 1753. §§ 22, 26 and 28. 4. The Grand Lodge of England South of the Trent (') (Lodge of Antiquity, original No. 1), 1779. § 21. — The exceptional privileges granted to the Grand Stewards will be noticed in Part III. ; but Bro. Preston's commentary thereupon, may here be appropriately cited. (*) " A privilege has been lately granted to the Stewards' Lodge, of taking precedence of other Lodges ; a measure incompatible with the Gonstitutions, and which can never he sanctioned hy the rules of the Society ; this privilege is said to have been irregularly obtained, and therefore several Lodges have entered protests against it in their private books, which in due time may have an effect, and probably induce a re-investigation of the subject." Bro. Preston further states, " that it having been reported to the Lodge of Antiquity, that a member of the Stewards' Lodge, had threatened to enter a complaint, against the Master of a Lodge at Paddington, for having paid the usual compliment to the Master of the Lodge (6) Hughan, Masonic Memorials, p 9; Masonic STcetches and Re- prints, p 59. (^) Before this date, the chief officer was styled the President, and no such term as Qrand Lodge is recorded. — Hughan, History of Free- masonry in Yorlc, p 41. See §§23 and 27. (') Established by Warrant of Confirmation from the Grand Lodge of aU England (York). Held at the Queen's Head, Holborn. His- tory of York (Hargrove), Vol. II. p 476. (») Preston, Ed. 1796, p 272. See § 24 (VI.) THE FOUR OLD LODGES. 23 of Antiquity, on a visit, in preference to a member of the Stewards' Lodge, it was resolved by the members, ' That no Lodge, or member of a Lodge, under the con- stitution of England, shall take precedence of the Master of this Lodge. And that a letter be immediately trans- mitted to the Master of the Lodge at Paddington, thanking him for the respect shown to the Master of the oldest Lodge, and promising to defend him and his Lodge against the said complaint.' ' The complaint,' continues Preston, ' was never brought before the Society, and the matter dropt of course.' " § 22. — I. It should be recorded, that the power of the Four Old Lodges to erect a Grand Lodge in 17l7, was somewhat rudely called into question, by the Ancient or Seceding Masons, and though the arguments adduced by them, command no weight whatever, and were probably invented by Bro. Laurence Dermott,(') for the sole purpose of disparaging the Regular Grand Lodge — these, it must he recollected, were, up to the date of the Masonic Union of 1813, repeated in successive editions of the book of Con- stitutions (Ahiman Rezon), published by authority of the Grand Lodge of England, " 'according to the Old Institu- tions," with which Masonic body, moreover, the Begtdai- Grand Lodge of England eventually amalgamated, on terms of equality. With respect to the resolution passed by the Regular Grand Lodge, " after the first meeting in 1717 (Revival), 'that without a warrant from the Grand Master for the time being, no Lodge should hereafter te deemed Regular or Constitutional,' (■') the Seceding brethren contended that the above assembly (Grand Lodge of England) did not possess the power to pass such a resolution ; because it was not only self -created, but defective in numbers, whereas, in order to form (what Masons mean by) a Grand Lodge, there should have been the Masters and Wardens otfive regular Lodges, that is to say, five Masters and ten Wardens, making the number of installed Ofiicers fifteen. " This (they continued) is so well known to every man conversant with the ancient laws, usages, customs, and ceremonies of Master Masons, that it is needless to say (') Grand Secretary, "Ancients:'' 1752-70. Hnghan's Masoidc Memorials, p 10. It is not a little curions that Bro. Preston, the historian and Deputy Grand Secretary of the Regular Grand Lodge (1717), should have been initiated in a Lodge ("the White Hart") on the Eoll of the " Ancients," whilst Bro. Laurence Dermott, the Secretary, Deputy Grand Master, and General Chronicler of the Seceders (Grand Lodge of England, according to the Old Institu- tions ") (1753), was a member of a " Eegnlar " Lodge in London (Moderns) prior to his connection with the Ancients." (3) See p 17, note 2. more, than that the foundation was defective in number, and consequently defective in form and capacity. " Nor can it be urged that such defection or irregular formation was owing to necessity, as there were numbers of old Masons then in (and adjacent to) London, from whom the present Grand Lodge of Ancient Masons received the old system without adulteration." (^) II. The author or compiler of the Complete Free- mason, or Multa Faucis for Lovers of Secrets, an anony- mous work published about 1764-6, speaks of six Lodges being present or represented at the Revival ; but as this statement is in direct contradiction to that of Dr. Anderson on the same subject, few will be found to differ from the opinion expressed by Bro. Hughan, " that the preference must be given to the account by Dr. Anderson, who clearly wrote at a time when many personally knew as to the facts narrated, and whose Book of Constitutions (1738) was really the official statement issued by the Grand Lodge, having indeed been written by its order, and agreed to in M.S. by the same body."(*) III. The remarks, however, of Laurence Dermott (I.) possess, indirectly, some claim upon our attention, since they indicate that, in the opinion of this brother, there had been Grand Lodges prior to A.D. 1717 ; but though in this belief he was preceded by Anderson, and followed by Preston, I shall attempt to show that there is no historical evidence by which it can be sustained. The terms of the famous statute — 3 Henry VI. cap 1 — (styled by Preston " An Act to abolish the Society of Masons") ( = ) " The yearly congregations and confederacies made by the Masons in their general Chapiters assemhled " have been regarded as confirmatory of the " legend of the Guilds " — that there was an annual assemblage of the Masonic fraternity, or in other words, a periodical meeting of a governing body (or Grand Lodge) of the entire brother- (^) Ahiman Rezon, Ed. 1778, p 14. Origin of the English Eoyal Arch (fiUver), p 18. (*) See §§ 10 (III.), and 13 (I.) (5) Whereas by the yearly congregations and confederacies made by the Masons in their general chapiters assembled, the good course and effect of the Statutes of Labourers be openly violated and broken, in Subversion of the Law, and to the great Damage of all the Commons : cur said Lord the King, willing in this case to provide Remedy, by the Advice and Assent aforesaid, and at the special Request of the said Commons, hath ordained and established. That snch Chapiters and Congregations shall not be hereafter hoiden ; and if any such be made, th^ that cause snch Chapiters and Congregations to be assembled and bolden, if they thereof be convict, shall be judged for felons : and that all the other Masons that come to such Chapiters and Congrega- tions be punished by imprisonment of their bodies, and make Fine and Ransom at the King's Will. 24 THE POUR OLD LODGES. hood.(') The construction thus placed upon the -wording of this enactment was first promulgated in the Constitution book of 1723, C^) and has since heen universally adopted, being relied upon by the more critical school of modern ■writers, as presenting the one indisputable fact, which alone prevents the old Guild Legend from being consigned to the region of fable and romance. Thus we find in a recent work, which may be characterised as a monument of learning andresearch — "From this phraseology " — " en leur generalz Chapiters assemblez " — " There is no doubt, the Freemasons had long been accustomed to meet in a general or Grand body each year, to legislate upon all matters pertinent to the well-being of the craft."( ' ) Almost identical language, however, with what has been so particularly dwelt upon as occurring in the law of 1425 (3 Henry VI. c. i.) is used in the earlier statute of 1360-61 (34 Edward III. cap. ix.) :— " All Alliances and Covines of Masons and Carpenters, and Congregations, Chapters, Ordinances, or Oaths betwixt them made, or to be made, shall be from henceforth void and wholly annulled." To comprehend these laws (and therewith, the import of the language in which they were expressed), we must (1) According to the "le!?end of the Gnilda," the Masons were successively empowered by Bnclid, St. Alban, and Edwin of York, to meet annually in general convention. To this convocation the name of " Assembly " was given, and all Masters and Fellows were required to attend, upon due notice, and if within fifty (or according to some MSS. ten) miles of the place where the same was convened. Trespassers against the Science of Masonry were to be called to account, though if any one felt aggrieved at the award of his brethren and fellows, he was not debarred from the exercise of his legal rights. Halliwell's Early Hist, of Freemasonry in England, Art. II. Hugban's Old Charges of British Freemasons, :passim ; and Fort's Antiquities of Freemasonry, pp 157-184. Inigo Jones is said to have instituted Quarterly Communications of Grand Lodge, in place of the annual general meetings of the Fraternity. This supposition, however, rests solely on the authority of a manuscript by Nicholas Stone, which was Iwrnt in 1720. See ■Constit. 1738, pp 99 and 111. The myth of an "annual assembly" having been accepted as a fact, this regulation of Grand Master (?) Inigo Jones has proved a very useful connecting link between the' old and the new systems ! (2) P 35; ArchEeologia, Vol. IX. p 120. Preston states (on the authority of a record of the Society, said to have been in the possession of Blias Ashmole, which was unfortunately destroyed), " Notwithstanding the appointment of a Grand Master for the South (1567), the general assembly continued to meet in the City of York as heretofore, where all the records were kept, and to this assembly •appeals were made, on all important occasions!! Ed. 1804, pp 148-151 and 178. See § 19 (IV.) Dalloway, indeed, observes (Discourses upon Architecture, Ed. 1883, p 427), " If the Chapters, or assembling of freemasons, had been injurious to the State by fomenting insurrections, it is scarcely probable that such fact would have been totally overlooked, not only by the English historians but in the Statutes." ! (2) Fort, Antiquities of Freemasonry (1876), p 126, Note -"3. Bro. Fiudel says : " We must leave it undecided whether these meetings for the increase of wages were the same as the regular lodges held according to the usual custom of the Baiihutten. Hist, of Freemasonry (1871), p 97 ; see also pp 111 and 127. bear in mind that from the eighth century, the organisation of the Guilds was so complete, that their ordinances were imitated, or at least sanctioned in legislation, and that even when tolerating the presence of the non-freeman, they could bind him by their regulations. (*) Being organised, the Craft Guildmen provided for the maintenance of the customs of their Craft, framed further ordinances for its regulation, saw those ordinances properly executed, and punished the Guild-brothers who infringed them.(^) The maintenance of their independence against the City authorities, and the possibility of carrying out and making efEcient their trade rules, depended, however, on the condition that all who carried on the trade should belong to the Guild. (°) It is therefore scarcely to be wondered at, that so summary a curtailment of their legislative pre- rogative, to enact ordinances for the control and regulation, of their members, though directed in the first instance against the building trades only, should have defeated its own purpose by the sweeping and revolutionary character of its terms. We find, accordingly, that in 1436-7 an endeavour was made to regulate what Parliament, confessedly, was powerless to suppress. The Statute 15 Henry VI. cap. vi., after reciting — " that the Masters, Wardens, and People of the many Guilds, fraternities, etc., make many unlawful and unreasonable ordinances," requires — "all Letters Patent and Charters to be registered, and all future ordinances to be approved by Justices of the Peace or by Governors of Cities and Towns. "(') The particular expressions, " Congregations," and " Chapters," which we have seen are employed alike in the Statutes of 1425 and 1360-61, are further ex- plained by the proceedings of an intermediate year.(') (*) Brentano, Historical Essay on Gilds, pp 75-76. The Old English Guilds (Axon) Brit. Almanack and Companion, 1878, p 45. ( 5 ) Also, — if any one of the said Trade will not be ruled or directed in due manner by the persons of his trade sworn thereunto. Such sworn persons are to make known his name under the Mayor ; and the Mayor, by assent of the Aldermen and Sheriffs, shall cause him to be chastised by imprisonment and other punishment; that so, other rebels may take example by him, to be ruled by the good folks of their trade. Regulations for the Trade of Masons, 30 Edward III., i A.D. 1356. Eiley, Memorials of London (1868), p 280. i (6) Brentano, p 118. Their government was by ordinances or by-laws, framed by common assent amongst themselves, and which were anciently called pointz. They chiefly regarded the qualifications of members ; keeping their Trade Secrets j the regulation of apprenticeships, etc. Herbert, Companies of London, Vol I. p 45. ( ' ) By the Statute 19 Henry VII. cap vii. (1503) CorporationB or fellowships of Crafts, Guilds, and Fraternities, were further restrained from making by-laws or ordinances without the approval of the Chancellor. See § 18 (VI.) ( 8) Smith's English Gilds, pp 128-130. Hetbert's Companies of London, Vol I. p 36. The earliest Masonic MS. we possess (Eoyal MSS., 17 A.I.) if THE FOUR OLD LODGES. 25 In 1388 (12 Rich. II.) writs were issued to the Sheriffs of London and of every Shire in England, ordering them to make proclamation, calling on the Master and Wardens of all Guilds and BrotAerhoods whatsoever, for returns as to the manner and form of the oaths, gatherings, feasts, and General Meetings of the brethren and sisteren.(') The Masters, Wardens, and Overlookers of all the Mysteries and Crafts, were also to be called upon to send up in the same way, copies of their Charters or letters patent, when they had any. In a note to his " English Gilds," Mr. J. Toulmin Smith, who had critically examined over iwe JiiMidred returns from these associations, observes : — " the distinction between the gatherings (congregationes) and general meetings (assemblias) is seen at a glance in most of the ordinances. The Gild brethren were bound to gather together, at unfixed times, for special purposes ; but besides these gatherings upon special summons, general Tneetings of the Gilds were held on fixed days in every year, for election of officers, holding their feasts," etc.(^) Though the preceding note refers to the " Social " as distinguished from the " Craft " Guilds, it applies with equal force to the latter of these associations. Mr. Smith the date assigned to it by Halliwell (1390) is correct, was probably copied from the return made by one of the Guilds of Masons, in conformity with the law of A.D. 1388 ? It is noteworthy that this MS. makes no mention of King Solomon, though it alludes to the " Holy Martyres' Foure." Bro. Fort observes : — The operative Mason of the Middle Ages in France and Germany, knew nothing of a Jewish origin of his Craft. In case the traditions current in the Thirteenth Century, or later, Jiad pointed to the time of Solomon, in preparing the regulations for Corporate Government, and in order to obtain valuable exemptions, the prestige of the Israelitish King would have by far transcended that of the Holy Martyrs, or Charles the Hammer-Bearer." Antiquities of Freemasonry, p 181. The Constitutions, however, of later date, claim hoth, King Solomon and Charles Martel as patrons of the Masons, and maintain that a pupil of the former, survived till the 8th Century of' the Christian era, and became the instructor of the latter. ! ! (') Women were freely admitted to Guild membership, as the records of these associations attest. There being scarcely five Guilds out of five hundred which were not formed equally of men and women. Introduction to Smith's English Gilds (Lucy Toulmin Smith), p XXX. The widow of a Guild brother, even if she married a man who was not free of the Guild, generally conferred on him that privilege by marrying him. Brentano, Hist, and Developement of ' Gilds, p 132. Sisters appear as members of the Guilds of Carpenters at Norwich, and of Tylers at Lincoln, whilst of 43 founders of a Guild at Hull, A.D. 1358, 18 were women. Smith's English Gilds, pp 37, 155, and 184. Bro. Fort (p 314) accounts for their exclusion from Lodges of Masons, by reason of their inability to take legal and formal oaths ? The York MS., however, of 1693, containing regulations for the Masonic Craft, has the following : — " The one of the elders takeing the Booke, and that Jiee or shee that is to bee made mason shall lay their hands thereon." Haghau's Hist, of Freemasonry in York, p 74, and Old Charges of Brit. Freemasons, p 15i According to Herbert (Companies of London, Vol. I. pi""'' Sisters disappeared as members of the fraternities early iJi seventeenth century. (2) English Gilds, p 128. Inclusive of the returns made to the law of 1388; Mr. Smith had analysed the constitutions of more than six Jmndred of these societies. —(P. 150) " The absence of any ordinances in the returns made (to the law of 1388) by the Craft Gilds is much to be regretted. The ordinances of the (3ilds of Crafts would be of quite as much interest as those of the Social Gilds." This deficiency, however, he himself supplies, and we find (at p 315), amongst the ordinances of the Craft Guild of Tailors, at Exeter, that there were to be four days of regular meeting of the Guild — " and att that dayys, the othe and the Ordynawnse-ys and Consty- tusyons shall be radde." In a petition to Parliament against this Guild (22 Edw. IV.), by the Mayor and Corporation of Exeter, it is com- plained that " they oft-tymes haue made and caused to be made dyvers Conuenticles, Commocions " etc. The expres- sion Conventicles would seem to be here employed in the sense of irregular or unlawful "Chapters," or secret meetings.(^) Colour is lent to this supposition by the phraseology of a proclamation of the " Mair, Shirreues, and Aldermen " of the City of London in 1388 (7 Rich. II.) which orders — " that noman make none Congraciouns, Oomientieules, ne assembles of people in priue neu apert (in private nor openly), withoute leue of the Mair ; ne ouer more in none manere ne make alliances, confederacies, conspiracies, ne obligaciouns forto bynde men to gidre ; upon peyne of empresonement, vche (each) man that is yf ounde in swych defaute, and his bodi at the Kyngges will " etc.(4). There can, it is conceived, be but little doubt that at the General Meetings (or AssemMies) of all Crafts, Mysteries and Fraternities, by which names the trade Guilds of the middle ages were indifferently described, it was the practice to regulate the price of their merchandise or of their labour, and to assert the prerogative of domestic legislation, by passing such ordinances as they deemed suitable and necessary for the proper government of their members. (°) (3 ) The term'" Chapter," is supposed to have originated in the fact that at the general meetings of religions orders, of which the first was held by the Cistercians in A.D. 1116, it was customary to read some or all of the " Chapters " containing the rules of the Community. For some interesting remarks on the Constitutions of the German Steinmetzeu "held in the form of a Chapter" (jn Karpitelsweise), see Findel, p 73. {i) Eiley, Memorials of London, p 480. This extract from the Civic records, is noteworthy, as being the earliest entry in English in the Letter Books. (^) By the rules of St. Katherine's Guild, London, the Wardens were to make "none newe Statutes, ne newe ordinances w'oute assent of alle ye bretherhede, and that it be don on ye day of here .ssemlle. Smith's English Gilds, p 8. J'JEi^ry Gild had its appointed day or days of meeting, once a fear, twice, three times, or four times, as the case might be, when all the brethren and sistren met together to transact their common affairs. At these meetings, called morn speeches (in the various forms of the word) or "dayes of spekynggea 4 26 THE FOUR OLD LODGES. Such a remarkable occurrence moreover, as the Assembly of all the members of the building trades, in a general con- vocation, besides conflicting with the inherent and inde- pendent Constitutions of the individual Crafts, which were marked features of the Guild system, would have been handed down to us on more certain authority, than the preamble of an ancient statute, and the apocryphal records of our subsisting fraternity. In a sister kingdom, where " the legend of the Guilds " points to Kilwinning as the birth-place of Scottish Masonry, the feature of an " annual assembly " has similarly been engrafted on the old Masonic tradition. (^) Commenting thereupon, Bro. D.M. Lyon observes : — " He (Bro. Laurie) does not seem to have been staggered in his belief by reflecting on the improbability of Masons from Aberdeen, Perth, St. Andrews, Edinburgh, and other places, in an age when long journeys were attended with both difficulties and dangers, travelling to a distant obscure hamlet to adjust differences in con- nection with their handicraft. Altogether, the story of the ' Heredi- tary Grand Master,' and his annual assemblies at Kilwinning, is so myth-like, that we decline to accept it as a historical fact."(^3) § 23. MANIFESTO OF THE EIGHT WOESHIPPUL LODGE OF ANTIQUITY, 1778. Reprinted from Histokt ojt Feeemasonkt in Toek (Hughan). To all regular EEEE and ACCEPTED MASONS. I. Original MS. In tlie Lodge of Antiquity, A.D. 1686. Book of Constitutions 1723, PP 82, 33 1738, p 63 1767, p 84. Illustrations of Masonry, 1776, p 198. Freemason's Calendar, &c. MS. in the Britisli Museum, and a variety of Publications on the subject of Masonry. Old MS. in the hands of Mr. Wilson, of Broomhead, near Shefl&eld, Yorkshire, written in the reign of K. Henry 8th. Whereas the Society of Free Masons is universally acknowledged to be of ancient standing and great repute in this kingdom, as by our Records and Printed Constitutions, it appears that the first Grand Lodge in England was held at York, in the Year 926, by virtue of a Royal Charter, granted by King Athelstan — ^And, under the patronage and government of this Grand Lodge, the Society considerably increased ; and the ancient charges and regulations of the Order so far obtained the sanction of Kings and Princes, and tokedere for here comune profyte," much business was done, such as the choice of officers, admittance of new brethren, making up accounts, reading over the ordinances, &c. — one day, where several were held in the year, being fixed as the general day. Introduction to Smith's English Gilds (Lucy Toulmin Smith), p 32. From the records of the Grocers' Company, it appears, that in 1348, their General AssembVy met at Ringed Hall, Thames Street. Herbert Vol. I. p 306. " The privileges granted " (says Herbert) (Taking the Merchant Tailors' Charter, 1328 for an instance) are, as to Qeneral Meetings, " that they may have and hold their Gild once a year," and may in the same " settle and govern their mysteries." " The preserving of their Trade Secrets was a primary ordination of all the fraternities, whence arose the names of "mysteries" and " Crafts." Ibid, pp 44-45, and 423. (^) History of Freemasonry and the Grand Lodge of Scotland, (Laurie) p 51. (2) History of the Lodge of Edinburgh, p 65. See next Note. other eminent persons, that they always paid due allegiance to the said Grand Assembly.(3) II. Constitution Book, 1738, p 81 1767, p 108 & seq. Illustrations of Masonry, p 234 & seq. Old Records Constitution Book, 1723, pp 62, 60, 69, 72 1738, pp 150, 155 1767, pp 341, 344. niustrationa of Masonry, p 119, MS. in the Lodge of Antiquity. And whekeas it appears, by our Records, that in the year 1567, the increase of Lodges in the South of England being so great as to require some Nominal Patron to superintend their government, it was resolved that a person under the title of Grand Master for the South should be appointed for that purpose, with the approbation of the Grand Lodge at York, to whom the whole Fraternity at large were bound to pay tribute and acknowledge subjection. — And, after the appointment of such Patron, Masonry flourished under the guardianship of him and his successors in the South, until the Civil Wars and other intestine commotions interrupted the assemblies of the brethren. (*) , in. Constitution Book, 1738, p 106 1767, p 176. Illustrations of Masonry, p 244. Biographia Britannica, Vol. I., Ashmole. Constitution Book, 1738, p 108 1767, p 188. And "wheeeas, it also appears that, in the year 1693, the Meetings of the Fraternity in their regular Lodges in the South became less frequent and chiefly occasional, except in or near places where great works were carried on. — At which time the Lodge of Antiquity, or (as it was then called) the Old Lodge of St. Paul, with a few others of small note, continued to meet under the patronage of Sir Chris- topher Wren, and assisted him in rearing that superb Structure from which this respectable Lodge derived its Title. But on completing this Edifice in 1710, and Sir Christopher Wren's retiring into the (^ ) Bro. the Rev. A. F. A. Woodford lays great stress on the fact of all well-known existing MSS. from about the year 1550, con- curring in naming York as the place of meeting of the Masonic Assembly (§ 22 — III.) and is of opinion that the old Masonic tradi- tion points to Edwin King of Northumbria, who in 627 aided in the building of a stone church in York, also that a Guild charter was granted to the operative Brotherhood under Athelstan in 927. The connection of York with the History of Freemasonry iu England and Preface to Hughan's Old British Charges (Woodford), p xiv. Bro. Hughan also thinks " that so uniform an agreement respecting York, in manuscripts found in different parts of England and Scot- land, must have their origin in something more stable than fiction." Hist, of Freemasonry in York, p 38. Bro. Findel, however, says : — The inventors of Masonic Legends were so blind to what was imme- diately before their eyes, and so limited in their ideas, that they preferred associating the Legends of their Guilds with some tradition or other. The English had the Torh Legend, reaching as far back as the year 926. The German Mason answers the question touching the origin of his Art, by pointing to the building of the Cathedral of Magdeburgh (876) ; and the Scotch Mason refers only to the erection of Kilwinning (1140). Findel (citing Kloss), pp 105-6. (*) In 1567, it is stated in the famous Manifesto of the Lodge of Antiquity of 1778, the Grand Lodge permitted the creation of a Grand Master for the South, but of this no other proof is, as I am aware, so far forthcoming, and this is the only existing evidence that in 1567 there was a Grand Lodge at York. — " The Connection of York with the History of Freemasonry in England " (Rev. A. F. A. Wood- ford). But York being in a remote part of the kingdom, it was many 'years ago thought proper, for the convenience of the Fraternity, to remove the Grand Lodge from that city to the Metropolis — and the present Grand Lodge of England are the true York Masons. (?) " Principles of Freemasonry Delineated" (Trueman), Exeter, 1777, p 153. (For the reply of the York Masons to this Statement, see Mas. Sketches and Reprints. Hughan, p 40). THE POUR OLD LODGES. 27 country, the few remaining Lodges, in London and its anburbs, con- tinued, without any nominal Patron, in a declining state for about the space of seven years. (i) IV. Constitution Book, 1733, p 109 1767, pp 188, 189. IlluBtrations of Masonry, pp 2m, 247. Constitution Book, 1723, p 70. Ibid. Ibid, pp 73, 74. Con- stitution Book, 1723, p 69. And whereas, in the year 1717, the Fraternity in London agreed to cement under a new Grand Master, and with that view the Old Lodge of St. Paul, jointly with three other Lodges, assembled in form, constituted themselves a nominal Grand Lodge pro tenvpore, and elected a Grand Master to preside over their future general meetings, whom they afterwards invested with a power to constitute subordinate Lodges, and to convene the Fraternity at stated periods in Grand Lodge, in order to make Laws, with their consent and approbation, for the good government of the Society at large — But Subject to certain conditions and restrictions then expressly stipu- lated, and which are more fully set forth in the 39th article of the general regulations, in the first book of Constitutions. This article, with 38 others, was afterwards, at a meeting of the Brethren in and about the cities of London and Westminster, in the year 1721, solemnly approved of, ratified and confirmed by them and signed in their presence by the Master and Wardens of the Four Old Lodges on the one part, and Philip Duke of Wharton, then Grand Master. Dr. Desagnliers D.G.M., Joshua Timson and William Hawkins Grand Wardens, and the Masters and Wardens of sixteen Lodges which had been constituted by the Fraternity, betwixt 1717 and 1721, on the other part. Arid these articles the Grand Master engaged for himself and his successors, when duly installed, in all time coming to observe and keep sacred and inviolable — By these prudent pre- cautions the ancient Landmarks (as they are properly styled) of the Four Old Lodges were intended to be secured against any encroach- ments on their Masonic rights and privileges. (2) See the alterations in the last Edition of the Book of Constitutions, by com- paring it with former Editions. See also State of Tacts, by Bfo. Preston, passim. And whbkeas, of late years, notwithstanding the said solemn engagement in the year 1721, sundry innovations and encroachments have been made, and are still making on the original plan aud (1) As against this disparagement of the other old lodges, it will be sufScient to remind the reader that the 1st Grand Lodge was held under the banner of the lodge, meeting at the Apple Tree Tamem, original No. 3, a member of which lodge was elected the first Qrwnd Master, upon whose vacation of this office, the honour of supply- ing the head of the Craft for the next three years, devolved upon original No. 4. " It must be borne in mind that the seventeenth century had been very turbulent and full of commotions : Masonry, therefore, which can only flourish in times of peace, continued in a fluctuating state, and found many difficulties to struggle with. In such unsettled seasons, particular Lodges could not be regularly attended in the Southern parts of England, near the principal theatre of political action ; but were held occasionally when circumstances favoured the brethren, except in or near places where great Works were carried on. Thus Sir Eohert Clayton held an occasional Lodge of his Brother Masters at St. Thomases Hospital, ^outhwa/rk, A.D. 1693,' and to advise the governours about the best design of rebuilding that Hos- pital as it now stands most beautiful ; near which a stated Lodge continued for a long time afterwards. Besides that and the Old Lodge of St. PomIs, some brothers, living in 1730, remembered another in PiccaMlly over against St. James Church, one near West- minster Abby, another near Oovent Ga/rden, one in Eolhorn, one on Tower Hill, and some more that assembled statedly." — (Oonstit. 1738, p 106 f 1756 and 1767, p 176 ; and 1784, p 193.) C) See §§ 3, 17, 18 (VI.-VIL) and 24. government of Masonry, by the present nominal Grand Lodge in London, highly injurious to the institution itself, and tending to sub- vert and destroy the ancient rights and privileges of the Society, more particularly of those members of it under whose sanction, and by whose authority, the said Grand Lodge was first established and now exists. VI. Constitution Book, 1738, p 185. State of Eftots, by Brother Preston, pp 38, 49. And whekbas, at this present time, there only remains one of the said four original ancient Lodges— The Old Lodge of St. Paul, or, as it is now emphatically styled. The Lodge of Antiquity. Two of the said four ancient Lodges having been extinct many years, and the Master of the other of them having, on the part of his Lodge, in open Grand Lodge relinquished all such inherent rights and privi- leges which, as a private Lodge acting by an immemorial Consti- tution, it enjoyed. — But, The Lodge of Antiquity, conscious of its own dignity, which the members thereof are resolutely determined to support, and justly incensed at the violent measures and pro- ceedings which have been lately adopted and pursued by the said nominal Grand Lodge, wherein they have assumed an unlawful pre- rogative over the Lodge of Antiquity, in manifest breach of the aforesaid 39th article, by which means the peaceable government of that respectable Lodge has been repeatedly interrupted, and even_ the original independent power thereof, in respect to its own Internal Government, disputed :(») VII. State of Facts, passim. Thekepore, and on account of the Arbitrary Edicts and Laws which the said nominal Grand Lodge has, from time to time, presumed to issue and attempted to enforce, repugnant to the ancient Laws and principles of Free Masoniy, and highly injurious to the Lodge of Antiqnity.(*) VIII. We, the Master, Wardens, and Members of the Lodge of Antiquity, considering ourselves bound in duty, as well as honour, to preserve inviolable the ancient rights and privileges of the Order, and, as far as in our power, to hand them down to posterity in their native purity and excellence, do hereby, for ourselves and our successors, solemnly disavow and discountenance such unlawful measures and proceedings of the said nominal Grand Lodge ; and do hereby declare and announce to all our Masonic Brethren throughout the Globe, That the said Grand Lodge has, by such arbitrary conduct, evidently violated the conditions expressed in the aforesaid 39th article of the general regulations, in the observance of which article the permanency of their authority solely depended. (=) IX. And in consequence thereof. We, do by these presents retract from, and reoal, all such rights and powers, as We, or our prede- cessors, did conditionally give to the said nominal Grand Lodge in London ; and do hereby disannul and make void all future Edicts and Laws which the said Grand Lodge may presume to issue and enforce, by virtue of such sanction, as representatives of the ancient and honourable Society of Free and Accepted Masons. (°) (3) See §§ 6, 9-12, and 18. (*) Compare vrith Part III. post. (5) See § 24 (II.) ;post. (6) Bro. Hnghan says (" History of Freemasonry in York," p 56), " Beasona were not wanting to give a colour to the action on the part of the York authorities ; on the other hand, the ' Lodge of Anti- quity ' presumed too much on their ' time immemorial ' privileges 28 THE POUE OLD LODGES. Eeoords in the Grand Lodge of York. Constitution Book, 1723, p 60. And -whekeas we have, on full enquiry and due examination, happily discovered, that the aforesaid truly ancient Grand Lodge at York does still exist ; and have authentic Records to produce of their antiquity, long before the establishment of the nominal Grand Lodge in Loudon, in the year I7l7 ; We do, therefore, hereby' solemnly avow, acknowledge, and admit the Authority of the said Most Worshipful Grand Lodge at York, as the truly ancient and only regular governing Grand Lodge of Masons, in England, to whom the Fraternity all owe and are rightfully bound to pay allegiance. (*) XI. Private CorreBpondence. after forming a part of the Grand Lodge of England, 1717." But with all deference to so high an authority, I venture to question the soundness of the conclusion he has drawn. (See §§ 17, 18 and 24). The right to expel from the Union (exercised by the Grand Lodge in 1747, see § 12) would imply a right to secede from the Union ; if many could withdraw from one, one could withdraw from many. If the Union could become inconvenient or disagreeable to all the Lodges but one, such majority might become disagreeable to that one. If the manv, for that reason could expel, why could not the one for that reason retire ? And if the logic of expulsion be sound, that of secession is equally sound. These rights it might be contended— if there was any right at all '■') break up the compact of Union — were correlatives. But the privilege of secession, possessed by the time immemorial lodges, though fully justified by precedent, derived yet a higher sanction from principle. Since without conceding the rights of ex- pulsion and secession to be correlatives, either of the four old Lodges could protest against ejection because it involved compulsion, and yet claim a right to retire, because if compelled to remain, that was equally a compulsory restraint. Both really involve the same principle, ejection and imprisonment, they are equally acts of com- pulsion, and this might be alike objected to in both cases. A Lodge compelled to go or remain had a forcible restraint im- posed on its will, but in seceding it imposed no restraint on the will • of others— they remained free to follow (i.e., the time immemorial lodges) or to continue as before. It may be urged that reasonable men would not have framed a system exposed to ruin at any time by the secession of its constituents. But the question is, not whether the terms of the compact were wise or prudent, but simply what those terms were, and the force they possessed. (" Ambrose's Letters," Kew York, 1865, pp 41, 205 ; " Spence's American Union," 2nd Ed., pp 198—200 and 210.) Many points of similarity will be found in the principle of State Eights (U.S.A.), and in that upon which the rights of the Old Lodges are, or were, based. A comparison is recommended between Art. 39 " Oonstitu- tions G. L. of England, A.D. 1723" (§§ 17 (V.) ante and 24 post), and Art. 2 " Constitutions U.S. of America, A.D. 1781," viz. : " Each State retains its sovereignty, freedom, and independence, and every power, jurisdiction and right, which is not, by this confederation, ex- pressly delegated to the United States in Congress assembled." Com- pare aiso : 1. The four original Lodges — 1. The thirteen original States — rights of? rights of? 2. New Lodges — rights of — by 2. New States — rights of— by Grant or Charter of Grand Grant or Charter of Con- Lodge ? gress : 3. The rights of all Lodges (1717 3. The rights of all States, to 1813) original and new original and new — as — as affected by Amend- affected by Amendments ments of Constitution ? of Constitution, (1) It is much to be regretted that we know virtually nothing of the early recorded meetings of the four Lodges which met in A.D. 1716, and decided to revive Freemasonry in the City of Grreat Britain, And whekbas the present members of the said Grand Lodge at York have acknowledged the ancient power and authority of the Lodge of Antiquity in London as a private Lodge, and have pro- posed to form an alliance with the said Lodge, on the most generous and disinterested principles, — We do hereby acknowledge this generous mark of their friendship towards us, and gratefully accept their liberal, candid, and ingenuous offers of alliance : — And do hereby, from a firm persuasion of the justice of our cause, announce a general union with all Regular Masons throughout the world, who shall join us in supporting the original principles of Free Masonry, — in promoting and extending the authority of the said truly ancient Grand Lodge at York, and under such respectable auspices in pro- pagating Masonry on its pure, genuine and original plan. XII. And Lastly, we do earnestly solicit the hearty concurrence of all regular Lodges of the Fraternity in all places where Freemasonry is legally established, to enable us to carry into execution the afore- said plan, which is so apparently beneficial to onr most excellent institution, — and at the present critical juncture, so essentially neces- sary to curb the arbitrary power which has been already exerted, or which hereafter may be illegally assumed, by the nominal Grand Lodge in London, — and so timely prevent such un-Masouic pro- ceedings from becoming a disgrace to the Society at large. By order of the Right Worshipful Lodge of Antiquity, in open Lodge assembled, this 16th day of December, A.D. , 1778. A.L. 5782. J. Sealt, Secreta/ry, *^* As a few Expelled Members of the Lodge of Antiquity have presumed to associate as Masons at the Mitre Tavern, in Meet Street, under the denomination of this Lodge, — Notice is hereby given, that the Right Worshipful Lodge of Antiquity, acting by an Immemorial Constitution, is removed from the said Mitre Tavern, to the Queen's Arms Tavern, in St. Paul's Chwch-Ya/rd ; where all letters to the Lodge are requested to be directed. Note. — The circumstances attendant on the secession of No. 1 have been shown in § 19, but it may be added, that on 4th February 1778, Bro. Preston, "for having asserted an inherent right to be vested in the Lodge, No. 1, by virtue of its immemorial constitution, to discharge the duties of Masonry, and that it was not in the power of the Grand Lodge to deprive it of that authority " — " was desired to retract that doctrine, as it might tend to create a schism " — which declining to do, a motion for his expulsion was put and carried. At the same meeting, however, (Quarterly Communication) he eventually deposited the following declaration in the hands of the Grand Secre- tary : — " I am sorry I have uttered a doctrine contrary to the general opinion of the Grand Lodge, and I declare I will never in future promulgate or propagate a doctrine of any inherent right, privilege. whereas we cr.n trace the old Lodge at York several years before that period. Hist, of Freemasonry in York (Hughan), p 7. Bro. Godfrey Higgins, however, states : — I have no doubt that the Masons were Druids, Culidei, or Chaldei and Casidseans. The Chaldeans (Culdees) are traced downward to Scotland and York, and the Masons backwards from this day to meet the Culidei at York. The Masons of Southern England, until amalga/mated with those of Torlc, were in fact only a modern offset of some other Lodge. The reason was this. The Druids of Stonehenge, Abury, etc., etc., were all killed or banished to the Northern Counties or Wales by the Romans. Thus we have no Culdees in the South!! Anaoalypsis— An Attempt to Draw aside the Veil of the Saitio Isis ; or an Inquiry into the Origin of Languages, Nations and Religions (1836), Vol. I. pp 717-18, and 817. THE FOUR OLD LODGES. 29 or preemineuoe in Lodge No. 1, more than any other Lodge, except its priority as the senior Lodge." (Signed) Wiliiam Pkeston. The motion for bis expnlsion was then rescinded. (^) On 29th Jannary 1779, Bro. William Preston (described aa a journeyman Prjnter) along with ten other members of the Lodge of Antiquity was expelled from the Society by the committee of Charity, which sentence was confirmed by Grand Lodge on the 3rd February following. The alleged delinquencies of these brethren were thus announced to the Craft : — " That the same parties who had ■with- drawn themselves from that Lodge (Antiquity), as before mentioned, had, in defiance of every rule of Justice, Honour, and Decency, in the Deadest Hour of the Night, by Force, taken away all the Furni- ture, Jewels, and Books belonging to the said Lodge, which were the joint and equal Property of the Members at Large." (2) The following notification, which appears in the Proceedings of C) G-L-Min. f) Proceedings of Grand Lodge. Grand Lodge under date of 25th November 1789, constitutes the official record of the termination of the sobiam :— " Brothers John Wilson, Benjamin Bradley, John Sealy, Thomas Shipton, the Reverend Gilbert Buchanan, Samuel Goddard, Hugh Lloyd, and William Preston, late members of the Lodge No. 1, who were expelled this Society in the year 1779, having Signified their Con- cern, that through Misrepresentation, as they conceived, they should have incnrred the displeasure of that Assembly, and their Wish to be restored to the Privileges of the Society, to the Laws of which they were ready to conform; the Grand Lodge thereupon being satisfied with their Apology, and also the Respectability of the Characters, and desirous of wiping away every Stigma against their Reputation, thought proper to order, that the said Brothers be restored to all the Privileges of the Society, and their grace granted, and that they be entitled to admission to every Lodge, as Members or otherwise, and to share all the Privileges of other regular Masons." By order of the Grand Lodge, William White, G.S. PAET III. § 24. I. The present status of tlie surviving " Old Lodges " having now to be considered, a retrospect of the Legisla- tion of the Craft, so far as it bears upon the compact of 1721 becomes essential. (') It will be convenient, however, in the first instance, to examine into the power of amendment actually possessed by the Grand Lodge, together with that which it assumed the right of exercising. For this purpose, a comparison between Article XXXIX. of the Old and the New Regula- tions respectively, as shown in the Constitution Book for 1738, will be found useful. The term " Old " Begulations, was used to denote the rules of the Society as published in 1723, whilst the expres- sion " New " Begulations was applied to the various altera- tions that were subsequently made: these (" OZtZ " and " New ") are shown in parallel coliJmns in the Constitu- tions 1738, from which the following extract is given. (1) gee §§ 3, 17, and 23 (IV.) 5 also §§ 18 (VI.) and 33 (IV). ®Ib: lljguIatiffKS. XXXIX. — Every armual G. Lodge has an inherent Power and Authority to make New Regulations, or to alter These for the real Benefit of this Antient Fraternity, provided always that the Old Land Marhs be carefully preserved, and that such New Begulations and Alterations be pro- posed and agreed to at the 3rd Quarterly Communica- tion preceding the An/mial Grand Feast ; and that they be ofier'd to the Perusal of all the Brethren before Dinner in writing even of the Youngest Enter'd Frentice; the Approbation and Consent of the Majority of all the Brethren present being absolutely necessary to make the same Binding and Obligatory ; which must therefore after Dinner, and after the New Q. Master is install'd, be Solemnly desir'd ; as it was desir'd and obtain'd for these Old Begulations, when proposed by the G. Lod&e to about 150 Brethren at Stationers Hall on St. John Baptist's Day 1721. The end of the Old Eegulations. ^tbs ILcgitlatimts. XXXIX.— On 24th June 1723, at the Feast, the G. Lodge before Dinner made this Resolution ; that it is not in the Power of any Mem or Body of Men to make amy Alteration or Innovation in the Body of Mason/ry, without the consent fvrst ohtadn'd of the G. Lodge. And on 25 Nov. 1723, the G. Lodge in Ample Form resolved, that any G. Lodge duly met has u, Power to amend or explain amy of the printed Begula- tions in the Boole of Constitutions ; while they irecbk not in upon the Antient Rules of the Fraternity. But that no Alterations shall he made in this printed Book of Con- stitutions without leave of the 6. Lodge. Accordingly All the Alterations or New Regulations above written are only for amending or explaining the Old Regulations for the Good of Masonry, without breaking in upon the Antient Bules of the Fraternity, Still preserving the Old Land Marks ; and were made at Several Times, as Occasion ofFer'd, by the Gkand Lodge ; who .have an inherent Power of Amend, ing what may be thought incon- venient, and ample Authority of making New Regulations for the Good of Masonry, without the consent of all the Brethren at the Gkand Annual Feast ; which has not been disputed since the said 24th June 1823, for the Members of the G. Lodge are truly the Representatives of All the Fra- terrdty, according to Old Regula. TION X. 30 THE FOUR OLD LODGES. II. It stonld be recollected, that virtually the contract of 1721 was tripartite, the parties thereto being, 1. The Four old Lodges. 2. The new Lodges constituted between 1717 and 1721. 3. The Masons of London and "Westminster. (^ From which it follows, as an obvious corollary, that the TRIPLE sanction was essential to any variation of its terms. C) " The Constitutions of 1723," says Pindel,(') " have ever since been regarded as the legal foundation, in fact, of the Fraternity of Freemasons under the form it should retain in the future. " That the laws and regulations therein contained were really those which were found in the ancient documents, and in use up to that period, the official character of the Book of Constitutions itself, as well as the repeated assur- ances of Anderson and Desaguliers, that everything was retained that was really ancient and authentic in the old Constitutions, is a sufficient security on the one hand ; and on the other hand, the full and complete investigation of Kloss, who compared them with the old Constitutions themselves, has established it beyond doubt." (*) III. A power of subsequent amendment was vested in the Grand Lodge, subject to certain well-defined condi- tions : — 1. It could be exercised at the Third Quarterly Commu- nication, only, preceding the Annual Feast. '2. The old landmarks were not to be disturbed. 3. Every proposed alteration was to be submitted in ( 1 ) See §§ 18 (VI.) and 33 (IV.) (^) It is immaterial to the principle contended for, whether the resolution passed in 1721 is regarded as a contract, or as a solemn engagement entered into by the Masonic fraternity. Since in either case, comformably with "old Eegnlation" XXXIX., the course of fature legislation was to be determined by the members of all Lodges, old and new, including the Masons of London and Westminster, or, in other words, by " the general vote." (3) Page 147. Touching the names of those who signed the Book of Constitutions, as well as the extract from the Minutes of the year 1723. — See Kloss, History of Freemasonry in England, p 45. ( * ) The Grand Lodge of England was fully entitled to propose the fundamental laws of the Fraternityj for she was the first regu- larly organized Masonic Association on the whole terrestrial globe. History of Freemasonry (Eindel), p 148. writing to all the brethren, including the ytr Enter'd Prentice. It will be shown, however, that the Grand Lodge soon proceeded to act, as though its power of amendment was without limitation, and that it possessed ample authority to change, one by one, every feature of the Constitution. IV. — Composition of Geand Lodge. — The Grand Lodge, by the Old Constitutions, could consist only of the Masters and Wardens^) of regular Lodges, with the Grand Master and his Wardens at their head (^) : and it had been cus- tomary even for these officers, at their annual elec- tion, and on other particular occasions, to withdraw, and leave the Masters and Wardens of the Lodges to consult together, that no undue influence might warp their opi- nion. (') The first innovation upon the usages of the Society, occurred 27th December 1720, when the office of Deputy Grand Master was established, and the Grand Master was empowered to a/ppovnt that officer, together with the two Wardens. This encroachment upon the privileges of members, seems to have been strenuously resisted for several years, the nomination of the learned natural philosopher. Dr. Desaguliers, as Deputy Grand Master, being only approved on the 24th Juno 1723, by a majority of one ; the votes being 43 for, to 42 against. On this occasion, the Duke of Wharton, late Grand Master, who presided, though nominating Dr. Desaguliers on behalf of the actual G.M., the Earl of Dalkeith, took care to vote against him, which led a Bro. Bobinson to characterise his behaviour as " unprecedented, unwar- rantable, and irregular ;" the result being, to quote the minutes of Grand Lodge, " that the late G.M. went away from the hall without ceremony." The question of nomination or election, was again debated at subsequent Quarterly Communications, not being finally settled until 28th April 1724. The privilege of voting in Grand Lodge was soon afterwards extended to Past Grand Masters (1724), Past Deputies (1726), and Past Grand Wardens (1727); (s) and was styled by Preston " a peculiar favour." The Treasurer and Secretary were gradually admitted (5) §17 (IV.) (") O.B. XIL Constit. 1723. (?) Prciston, Ed. 1804, p 227. O.K. XXIX. (8) See p 17, Note 3. THE FOUR OLD LODGES. 31 to fall membership, it not having been settled till 1753 that the Treasurer " was a Grand Lodge officer, by vertue of his office, and as such to be elected from amongst the brethren who had served the Stewardship." (') Eventually,' however, the privilege of voting in Grand Lodge was extended to all Grand Officers, present and past. By old Regulation XIV. in the absence of the Grand Master and his Deputy, the right of presiding in Grand Lodge was vested " in the Master of a Lodge, who should be the longest a Ereemason," providing there was no one present who had been Grand or Deputy Grand Master, but before 1738 this privilege was transferred to actual or Past Grand Wardens. 26th Nov. 1728, N.R. (New Regulation) XII. If any Officer (Master or Wardens) cannot attend, he may send a Brother of that Lodge (but not a mere JEnter'd Prentice) with his jewel to supply his Room, and support the honour of his Lodge. (^^ It has been well observed, that in agreeing to the old Regulations, the single' (private or original) ■ Lodges, had to sacrifice some of their former independence, which signi- fied the less, as at first the Grand Lodge was composed entirely of representatives from the Lodges. (^) V. — Committee of CsAEiTy. — On 13th December 1733, the following regulation was made (*) : — 1. " That considering the usual business of a Quar- terly Communication was too much for one time ; whatever business cannot be despatched here, shall be referred to the Committee of Charity, and their opinion reported to the next Grand Lodge. That all questions debated at the said Committee, shall be decided by a majority of those present." In consequence of this regulation, the Committee of Charity was considered as immediately dependent on the Grand Lodge ; and the minutes of their proceedings were regularly read and confirmed at the Quarterly Communica- tions. (1) Constit. 1767, p 259. (2) Nothing is more usual than to accommodate a yonng Mason as soon as possible with a Warden's jewel, even from another Lodge, if it cannot be readily procured in that wherein he was made, in order that he may see the Grand Lodge, as a matter of amusement, Constit. 1812, Calcutta. (Note). (3) Kndel, p 143. By a regulation passed 8th January 1783— all subscribers of £25 to the (Masonic) Hall Fund were constituted memUrs of Grand Lodge—" Those brethren under the rank of Master Mason, to be members from the time they shall respectively be advanced to that degree." Proceedings of Grand Lodge. (*) N.E. Xm., Constit. 1738, Tp 181.— Freemasons' Calendar, 1775, p47. 2. The Grand Lodge, (■^) thus, to a certain extent, volun- tarily delivered over to this Committee the residue of that independence which had been left to it, in the passing of resolutions. This innovation, viz., the extension of the Committee for the administration of the Charity Eund, into a meeting of Master Masons, on whom power was conferred to make arrangements of the greatest importance, and to prepare new resolutions, (") not only virtually annulled the authority vested in the Grand Lodge, but likewise greatly endangered the equality of the brethren in the different Lodges. VI. — PErVILEGUS OP THE GeAKD STEWARDS. — 1. In the Grand Mastership of Lord Weymouth, the Stewards' Lodge was estabhshed (1735), and with its forma- tion commenced the bestowal of those extraordinary privileges, which produced so widely spread a feeling of dissatisfaction among the Craft, and was, according td some high authorities, one of the chief causes of the great schism. The twelve Stewards of the year(') had to attend the Grand Lodge in their proper clothing and jewels, to pay at the rate of four Lodges towards the expense of the Com- munication, and (at first) " were not allowed to vote, nor even to speah, exc&pt when desired, or else of what related to the ensuing feast only." These privileges were rapidly extended, and it was soon passed, " that each of the twelve should vote in Grand Lodge.(0 Also to encourage gentlemen to serve the office (of Steward) it was agreed on 31st March 1735 that all Grand Officers, the Grand Master excepted, should be elected out of that hodj.C) The following extract from the minutes of Grand Lodge attests the extreme unpopularity of these measures Q"): — " 11 Dec. 1735. A petition and appeal was presented and read signed by several Masters of Lodges, against the privileges granted to the Stewards' Lodge at the last Quarterly Communication. The appellants were heard at large, and the question being put whether the determination of the last Quarterly Communication relating to this matter should be confirmed or not. In the course of the collect- ing the votes on this occasion, there appeared so much confusion that (5) Findel, p 154. (6) See § 19 (II.— IV.), and end of Part II. (P 29). (7) Constit. 1738. (8) Constit. 1756, p 305. (9) G.L. Min. ; Preston, Ed. 1796, p 269 ; Constit. 1784, p 364. (10) G.L. Min, 32 THE FOUR OLD LODGES. it was not possible for the Grand OfEoera to determine with any cer- tainty what the numbers on either side of the qnestion were. They were, therefore, obliged to dismiss the debate and close the Lodge. On the 7tli February 1770 it was passed in Grand Lodge : " As the right of the members of the Stewards' Lodge in general to attend the Committee of Charity appears doubt- ful, no mention of such right being made in the laws of the Society, the Grand Lodge are of opinion, thai they have no general right to attend; but it is hereby resolved, that the Stewards' Lodge be allowed the privilege of sending a number of brethren, equal to any other four Lodges, to every future Committee of Charity, and that, as the Master of each private Lodge only has a right to attend, to make a proper distinction between the Stewards' Lodge and the other Lodges, that the Master and three other memhers of that Lodge be permitted to attend at every succeeding Committee on the behalf of the said Lodge." This resolution, however, was declared not to be intended to deprive any Lodge which had been 'previously constituted of its regular rank and precedence. (^) Bro. Findel thus expresses himself :(^) " The newly created Stewards' Lodge, which was permitted to send a deputation of twelve members to the Grand Lodge, having the privilege of voting as individuals, and wearing distinctive aprons and ribands, as it was resolved that in future all the Grand Officers should be elected out of that body. The office of Steward, which was a very expensive one, became by this means assooiat' d with favouritism, in which rank and wealth had the preference, in total opposition to the liberal and equalising spirit of Masonry. The Grand Lodge, says Kloss, first introduced into Masonry that axiom, so abundantly practiced in the so-called higher degrees, that the more largely a brother contributes, the greater his weight in the Lodge. This unjust preference shown to the Stewards excited loud but righteous indignation among the Brethren, and such a disturbance ensued that Ward had to get up and make a, speech calling for ' decency ' and ' moderation.' " The fortunes of the Stewards' Lodge culminated on 18th April 1792, when it was put over the heads of its Masonic parents, and placed at the head of the list without a number. (^) VII.— From the date of the Union (1813), the Grand OflScers ceased to be selected from the Grand Stewards' Lodge, which, in fact, was only saved from extinction by the perseverance of the late Bro. W. WiUiams, Prov. G.M. for Dorset. Eighteen Lodges received the privilege of annually nominating each a Grrand Steward, to be approved by the Grand Master. Their duty is to assist in conducting the arrangements made for the Quarterly Com- ( 1 ) Preston, Ed. 1796, p 272. (2) P 155. (3) Freemason^ CaUnda/r. See §|i. munications, and to so regulate the Grand Festival, that no expense whatever may fall on the Grand Lodge. Since 1847, when it was first proposed by Bro. John Bigg, P.M. Moira Lodge, now No. 92, that the distinction of the " Red Apron " should be thrown open to all Lodges in rotation, many motions to a similar effect have been sub- mijited (though unsuccessfully) to Grand Lodge. The fairest and most equitable proposal bearing upon the duties and status of Grand Stewards was made by Bro. John Havers (now Past Grand Warden) in 1848, to the effect that the Grand Festival should be con- verted into a charitable festival, and that Stewards serving all the Charities should rank as Past Grand Stewards. VIII. — The preceding paragraphs (I. — VI.) will have amply illustrated the great abuses which had found their way into our ancient Society. The numerous new regu- lations, which were introduced, caused dissatisfaction, as the rights of individual Lodges were more and more en- croached upon, and the Grand Lodge was made gradually to assume the character of an independent and arbitary power.(*) The Summary erasure of Lodges, who were irregular in their attendance at the Quarterly Communications, or in their contributions to the General Charity has been noticed in Part I., and it will be sufficient to remark that the expulsion from the Masonic Union of original No. 4, and the high-handed supercession of original No. 3, amply attest, that in its career of innovation, the Grand Lodge was in no degree restrained from the full exercise of its assumed powers, by any sentimental feeling of gratitude toward the Lodges which had called it into being. § 25. — The disturbance of the " Ancient Land Marks," (^) ( * ) 18th April 1777 :— Resolved, that all Lodges which have not complied with the orders and EesoluLions of the Grand Lodge, in regard to the regulations for building a Hall, for the use of the Society, be erazed out of the List, unless they transmit to the Grand Secretary, on or before each Quarterly Communication, an accurate list of all members, made or admitted since 29th October 1768, with the registering fee stipulated by the Regulations of that date, or give some satisfactory excuse for the neglect. G.L. Min. C) Bro. Findel suggests nme landmarks, of which the ninth, "is the right of each Mason, even of the youngest apprentice, to participate in Masonic legislation, and to be represented in Grand Lodge," Kivgaton Masonic Annual (1871), p 20. Bro. Hnghan," prefers no enumeration of the landmarks, but advocates instead, the adoption of a, general principle whereby to test all innovations or alterations ; " " and that," he thinks, " shoJild be, to conserve the true welfare of the Craft by agreeing only to such changes as will not interfere with the settled customs, ceremonies, and obligations peculiar to the Fraternity. Let the test (he adds) be sufficiently elastic to admit of meedful regulations, according to the spirit of the age in whioh we live, and yet so exact as to reject all attempts at fanciful legislation or inter- ference with the foundations of onr ancient and honourable society. Masonic Review (Cincinnati Ohio), December 1876. THE FOUE OLD LODGES. 33 as recorded in the previous section, or in other words, the repeated innovations upon the original constitutions, gradually effaced from the old Lodges all, or nearly all, their distinctive features of constitution, and in the result materially contributed to the great schism of 1739-1813, which was only healed at the cost of their permanent dis- placement from their Ancient precedency. (§ 28.) § 26. — I. The causes of the great schism of the last century are foreign to the scope of this work, except so far as they can reasonably be identified with the " Inno- vations " carried out by the Grand Lodge, which, no doubt, in the judgment of many worthy brethren, were rapidly effacing every vestige of the " Antient Landmarks." That the abuses, the leading features of which, only, have been outlined in § 24, produced great discontent, we know, but in the opinion of the writer, the great disruption of the Craft was attributable to three distinct causes. II. (fls) Speculative Masonry (^) was, so to speak, only on its trial, during the generation which succeeded the authors of the revival. The institution of a society of Free and Accepted Masons, on a cosmopolitan and unsectarian basis, was one thing ; its consoKdation, however, opposed as its practical working showed it to be, to the ancient customs and privileges of the operatives, was another and a very different affair. (&) The importation from Prance of many varieties of spurious Masonry about 1740-56 had tended to disparage the primitive simplicity of the English Rite. (^) (§ 29.) (1) It is stated by Preston (Ed. 1804, p 208) " that (abont the first decade of the last century) in order to avert the total lapse of the Society, it was agreed that the privileges of Masonry shonld no longer be restricted to operative Masons, but should be extended to men of various professions, provided they were regularly approved and initiated into the Order." No authority is cited in support of this position ; but it has, nevertheless, been adopted by succeeding Masonic historians, including Bros. Findel, Steinbrenuer and Fort, the last named of whom (p 130) actually accords to this alleged decision of the operative Craft, the importance of a formal proelama- Uon ! The Diary, however, of Elias Ashmole, and Dr. Plot's History of Staffordshire (p 316, see also Lyon, p 51) conclusively establish that non-operatives were admitted into the Society in the seventeenth century, and it being the practice of all trade guilds, from their earliest existence, to admit occasional members,' who were not of their " Craft," it seems, in the highest degree improbable, that either the " Masons," or the " Freemasons," should have constituted an exception to this general rule. Speculative Masonry, in the text, is considered in its later phase, that is to say, from the period of its becoming the sple representative of the two original elements of the Society. (2) Even England, the Urthplace of Masonry, has experienced the French innovations ; and all the repeated injunctions, admoni- tions, and reproofs of the Lodges connot prevent those in different The introduction into this country of the then newly- devised and so-styled "High degrees" was doubtless greatly aided by the foresight of their originators, who whilst refraining from any direct rivalry with the Antient Craft degree, at the same time cleverly associated their invention therewith, by licniting the privilege of member- ship to Freemasons. (') They thus instilled a belief that the alleged " High Grades" were a recovered portion of the ancient mysteries of the Fraternity, and thereby persuaded uo inconsiderable section of the Craft, that their general adoption was " a return to the old lines," and instead of an innovation, but the raising of a more stately and perfect superstructure, on the fowndations of the existing edifice of Masonry.(*) " The seeds thus disseminated had the more time to thrive, as the Grand Master (Lord Byron), from 1747 to 1752, was constantly absent from this country ; the Grand Lodge (says Findel) becoming completely powerless, as no regularity in the business was observed."(^) (c) Assuming the influences above summarized, to have been in active operation for some years prior to 1752, it may, I think, be reasonably concluded that the arbitrary and unconstitutional behaviour of Grand Lodge at last turned the scale in favour of secession. III. From 1717 to 1722, the claims of the operatives, had been very fairly recognized in the distribution of Grand Lodge office, as is attested by the appointments of the latter year, when Mr. Joshua Timson, JBlacksmith, and parts of the kingdom from admitting the French novelties, full of tinsel and glitter, and.high sounding titles. — Proofs of a Conspiracy, (Eobison), 1797, p 9. The Abbe Barrnel and Professor Eobison wrote at the same era, without mutual consultation ; one a French clergyman, the other a Scottish professor, and both Freemasons. Their works produced an immense sensation, and evoked an elaborate defence of the Order from the Earl of Moira, Acting Grand Master. This illns- triouB brother, however, in 1809, practically admitted the justice of the strictures, which ten years previously he had applied himself to refute, by speaking " of mischievous combinations on the Continent, borrowing and prostituting the respectable name of Masonry, and sowing disaffection and sedition through the communities within which they were protected." — Speech at Leith, N.B. (3 ) See Preface to Findel'i: History of Freemasowry, 2ud Edition, by Bro. D. M. Lyon, p vii. (*) Michael Andrew Bamsay opened the door (1740) to the so- called High Grades, of which the injurious effects, notwithstanding the utmost exertions of genuine Freemasons, are felt to this very day. Findel, p 204. Dr. Oliver {Historical Landma/rhs, .Vol. I. p 9, 1846), speaks of the degrees practised on the Continent having settled down to about forty, though he mentions having before him a list of nearly one thousamd, which had been or were then practised under one or other denomination of Freemasonry. In this respect, indeed, the palm must now be yielded to our American brethren, who, according to a recent writer Qlacmillan's Magazine, June 1878), "can boast of more Grand Lodges, more members, omiJ more degrees of Masonic folly, than the whole of the old world combined ! !" (5) Findel, p 173. 34 THE FOUE OLD LODGES. Mr. William Hawkins, Mason, appear as Grand Wardens. (') In 1723, however, a struggle for supremacy, between the operatives and specnlatives, had set in, and the former from that time conld justly complain of their total super- cession in the offices of the Society. IV. In 1730, Anthony Sayer, the Premier Grand Master, ■was publicly admonished and well nigh expelled for taking part in illegal assemblies of dissatisfied Masons, who were seeking to undermine the authority of the Society they and others had so recently constituted. Q The following extract from a contemporary narrative (^) (1730), ■will further illustrate, the disagreement which then prevailed. " Some operative Masons (but according to the polite way of expression. Accepted Masons), made a visitation from the first and oldest Constituted Lodge (^) (according to the Lodge Book in London) to a noted Lodge in this city, and ■was denied admittance, because their old Lodge was removed to another house, which tho' contrary to this great Mystery, requwes another GonsUtution,{^) at no less expence than two guineas, with an elegant entertainment, under the denomination of being put to charitable uses ; ■which, if justly applied, ■will give great Encomiums to so worthy an Undertaking, but it is very much doubted, and most reasonable to think, it wiU be expended towards the forming another system of Masonry, the old Fabrick being so ruinous, that unless repaired by some occult Mystery, will soon be annihilated." V. About 1738-89 certain brethren were charged with ■H^prking a " different Master's part," ■when several meet- ( 1 ) Besides the two brethren named in the text, ■we find amongst the Grand Wardens of previous years : — Mr. Jacob Lamball, Carpenter, 1717 J Mr. John Cord-well, City Carpenter, 1718 ; Mr. Thomas Morrice (Morris), Stone Cutter, 1718-19 and 1721 ; and Mr. Thomas Hobby, Stone Cutter, 1721. (2) 28th Aug. 1730 — A paper signed by the Master and 'Wardens of the Lodge at the Queen's Head in Knave's-aore was presented and read, complaining of great irregularities having been committed by Bro. Anthony Sayer, notwithstanding the great ffavours he hath lately received by order of the Grand Lodge. (See p 10.) 15th Deo. 1730 — Carried by a majority that what Bro. Sayer had done was irregular only, and not clandestine — and was recommended by the D.G.M. to do nothing so irregular in future. G.L. Min. (3) "Masonry Dissected." By S. Priohard, late member of a Constituted lodge .(1730). For an interesting criticism of this work, and of Dr. Anderson's reply, (" A Defence of Masonry, occasioned by a pamphlet called Masonry Dissected " — A.D. 1730) . See Oliver's "Golden Eemains of the Early Masonic Writers" (1847), Vol. Lp 47. (*) Original No. 1, now Lodge of Antiquity. (s) Query — Was the compliance and non-compliance respectively of original Nos, 3 and 2 with this regulation, the cause in one instance of degradation and in the other of effaoement ? ings were held in open defiance of the regulations. (°) By way of detecting the schismatics, and thus excluding them from the orthodox Lodges, the expedient was adopted of introducing a slight alteration in the system, (') or as otherwise expressed (*) "some trifling innovations were sanctioned, upon the ancient customs of the Order." This resolution was unfortunate, and produced the very evil it was intended to avert. VI.- — Schisms in Societies (says Laurie), (') generally arise from misconduct on both sides, and the rule applies to the case now under consideration. The " Moderns" undoubtedly departed from their usual custom and propriety of conduct, by authorising the slightest innovation upon the ceremonies of an ancient institution j but the " Ancients " -were guilty of a greater impropriety, in being the active promoters of the schism, and still more by holding up their brethren to the ridicule of the public. They propagated an opinion, ('") that the ancient tenets and practices of Masonry, were preserved by them ; and that the regular Lodges, being composed of modern Masons, had adopted new plans, and were not to be considered as acting under the old establishment. Whilst, therefore, arrogating to themselves, the high sounding title of '' Ancient " Masons, they branded the brethren of the Begular Lodges -with the odious appellation of "Modems," who they averred never existed till 1717 (§ 22). This has been rightly styled by a distinguished living -writer, as (") "a paltry attempt to throve doubts on the legality and Masonic character of a Body, from -which they, as also the ' Moderns,' received their knowledge of the Craft.'' A similar view ■was expressed by the late Dr. 01iver('^) : — " I shall use the words ancient and moderti in their general acceptation, the former to designate the Seceders, and the latter the Constitutional Masons : although both were alike ancient or modern, being equally derived from»the same source." The two phrases are, indeed, very happily charac- terised in Bro. Findel's great work on Freemasonry, where we find, by way of commentary on the rituals of the rival Grand Lodges : " The simpler one, the Catechism of (<') Mas. Mem. p 4. (') Some account of the Schism amongst the Free and Accepted Masons in England (1847). Oliver, p 16. (*) History of Freemasonry and the Grand Lodge of Scotland. Laurie, p 59. (9) Ibid, p 60. (i») Preston, Ed. 1804, p 242. (") Hughan, Mas. Mem. p 14. (12) Some Account of the Schism (Oliver), p 18, foot note. THE FOUR OLD LODGES. 35 Moderns, is the more ancient ; and that of the Ancients is the more recent." (^) On the 5th December 1753, Robert Turner, W.M. 15, was elected the first Grand Master of the " Seceders," by the representatives of some dozen Lodges. C) The distinctive epithets, " Ancients " and " Moderns," were commonly employed by both parties alike, to denote the seceding and the regular Masons respectively, as may be illustrated by two extracts from the minutes of the Moira Lodge, No. 92, constituted 1765 (Moderns). "4th December 1758, Brother Glover of St. John's Lodge being an ' Ancient ' Mason, having taken his obli- gation of this Lodge, paid the ujal fine of two shillings, and became a member." " 19th January 1761, Bro. Wright proposed Mr. Willm. Gee, to be made a Modern Mason in this Lodge, which was seconded and thirded properly." VII. The chief feature of the new ritual (Seceders) consisted in a division of the third degree into two sec- tions, the Second of which was restricted to a few Master Masons, who were approved as candidates. Thas it comes to pass (says Hughan), that the arrangement as we have it now, was practically set on foot by the Ancients : the Moderns were compelled to accept the alteration in the Master Masons' degree, or the " Masonic Union " of 1813 would not have been cemented. The special object of the Seceders was the promotion of Royal Arch Masonry, and as many gentlemen preferred joining the Grand Lodge of " Four Degrees " to associating with the Society which worked but three, the rival body was successful in its career of innovation. A clue being thus afforded to the reasons which prompted its formation, as well as to the causes of its extraordinary success. (') The Grand Chapter of the " Modems " was constituted about 1766, and (says Hughan), virtually, though not actually, was countenanced by the Grand Lodge :(*) this, however, is scarcely reconcileable with the action of their Grand Secretary, who, writing to the Prov. G. Lodge of Frankfort, in the same year, calls the Royal Arch, "a society which we do not acknowledge, and which we regard as an invention designed for the purpose of intro- ducing innovations amongst the brotherhood ; and diverting (1 ) Findel (quoting Kloss), p 176. ( 2 ) G.L. Min. (Ancients) ; Mas. Mem. p 4. See § 20. (3) Mas. Mem. p 5. (4) Asa defensive organisation only ; to obviate the necessity of the Regular Brethren joining the "Autients" for "Exaltation." Hid. p 8. them from the fundamental rules which our ancestors laid down for us." (^) The same official (Spencer) who was Grand Secretary during 1767-67, had about two years previously thus ex- pressed himself in reply to an applicant for Masonic relief: — " Your being an Ancient Mason you are npt entitled to any of our charity. The Ancient Masons have a Lodge at ■ the Five Bells in the Strand, and their Secretary's name is Dermott. Our Society is neither Aech, Royal Aech, or Antient, so that you have no right to partake of our Charity." Upon this Laurence Dermott remarks : — " Such was the character given of them by their own Grand Secretary about fourteen years ago : How much they have changed for better or worse, is no business of mine at this time."(s) § 27. — The following remarks, expressed by the oldest Masonic body in England (1779) and styled by Bro. Hughan " a really dignified protest against the assertions of its rival," are of interest, as marking disapproval by a sister Grand Lodge of the arbitrary and unconstitutional acts of the Grand Lodge of England. (') "York being the established Place of Masonic Government, the whole fraternity successively paid Allegiance to its Authority, and whereas the Sacred Art flourished so much, that Masonry in the South came to require some Nominal Patron to Superintend its Government. A person under the Title of Grand Master for the South was appointed, with the Approbation of the Grand Lodge at York, to which the whole fraternity at large were still bound, as they were before, to pay Tribute and acknowledge Subjection. And thus Masonry flourished for many years ia the South, as well as in the North, but afterwards became again at so low a Ebb in the South that in the year 1717, only four Lodges remained extant in those parts, but those Lodges ever gloried in Originating from the Ancient York Masons, which they constantly testified. And whereas these very Lodges cemented under a new Grand Master for the South, and hence arose what is now called the Nominal Grand Lodge in London, whose meetings have been by some considered as General Meetings, but without any Constitutional Authority to give such Meetings a Sanction to that Title. " And whereas the Grand Lodge of All England, still existing at York, is the Supreme Legislature of Masonry in this kingdom. And hath, with Lamentations, beheld that the Nominal Grand Lodge, in London, have not only forgotten the Allegiance due to this Parent State of Masonry in England, but have proceeded to insult its Dignity, and depart from every ancient Landmark of the Order, assuming such arbitrary and uumasonick Measures, as ought not to be found among Maceons. " Besides, which, many Masters and Lodges under their Sanction have been struck off their Books on trifling occasions, and particu- larly on Pecuniary ones. Motives which' Masons ought to blush at, and, in fine, they have adopted Measures altogether arbitrary and repugnant to the principles of the Masonic Institution, whereby the (5) Pindel, pp 183-4. (^) Capj of an answer (in writing) given to Brother W — ■ C 11, a certified petitioner from Ireland — by Mr. Spencer, one of the Grand Secretaries (Moderns). Ahiman Eezou, Ed. 1778, p (7) Draft of a Manifesto: Grand Lodge of All England (York), May 1779. Unpublished Records of the Craft (Hughan), pp 37-40. 36 THE FOUR OLD LODGES. true Spirit of Free Masonry in the South of England hath been subverted, and if not timely supported by the Masonic Legislature might become totally destroyed. " Hence, however, the Grand Lodge in London, from its Situation, being encouraged by some of the Principal Nobility of the Nation, arose at Great Power, and began to despise the origin from whence it tprcmg. In an unbrotherly manner, wishing the Gr. Lodge at York annihilated, which appears by one of their Almanacks, in- sinuating, that though there are some Brethren remaining, who act under the Old Constitution of York, yet that they are few in number, and will be soon annihilated, (i) " Upon the whole, let every dispassionate Mason but weigh im- partially the several Facts here stated, and he must spurn at the daring Innovation offered by the Nominal Grand Lodge in London, to so sacred aii Institution. If he wishes to partake of Masonry in its Original Purity, he will turn his attention to that source, where it hath been Inviolably maintained and continued for Successive Ages to this Day, and, where the Legislature of Masonry for this Kingdom stands fixed by its true Title ' The Grand Lodge of All England, Established at the City of York.'" § 28.— I. On 27tli December 1813,(^) the Union of the two Societies took place, under the Grand Mastership of H.R.H. the Duke of Sussex, there being at the period of this amalgamation 640 Lodges holding under the " Moderns," and 359 under the " Ancients."0 II. The articles of Union agreed to, by the rival Grand Lodges, vs^ere twenty-one (*) in number, of which three only bcLir distinctly upon the subject of the present work, viz., Nos. II., VII., and VIII. III. Art. II. " It is declared and pronounced that pure Ancient Masonry consists of three degrees, and no more, viz., those of the Entered Apprentice, the Fellow Craft and the Master Mason, including the Supreme Order of the Holy Boyal Areh.Q) But this Article is not intended to prevent any Lodge or Chapter from holding a meeting (1) See Freemasons' Calendar 1783 ; and Con stit. 1784. This un- charitable prediction was verified by the G. Lodge at York dying out about 1787 (or, according to Bro. Hiighau, in 1792). Hist, of the Ancient City of York (Hargrove), Vol. II. p 476. ( 2) Preston, Ed. 1861 (Oliver), p 309 ; Mas. Mem. p 27. ( ' )■ Mas. Mem. pp 114-18. See Hughan's Numerical and Numis- matical Register of Lodges under the United Grand Lodge of England (1879). (♦) Mas. Mem. pp 21-27 ; Preston, Ed. 1861 (Oliver), p 309. ( ' ) This degree, according to the best authorities, was introduced about 1786-44 ; Masonic Reprints (Hughan), p 53 ; History of the Royal Arch (Oliver), p 38 ; Laurie, p 429 ; Findel, p 183 ; Lyon, pp 290-91. The earliest allusion to the Royal Arch degree, extant, is contained in Dr. Dassigny's " Serious Enquiry," (1744), reprinted in Masonic Memorials (Hughan) . On its introduction into this country, it was piractised with some' other minor degrees, in the Temple En- campments, not on acconuc of any pre-existing connection, but because these were the only places where it could be associated, as the earliest Craft Lodges never recognised the degree. Laurie, p 425. See Mas. Mem. pp 5-7, and §§ 26 (VII.) and 29 (IV.) in any of the degrees of the Orders of chivalry, accord- ing to the constitutions of the said Orders.''^ rV. Art. VII. (Extract from, omitting the Grand Officers.) The United Geand Lodge op Ancient Peeb- MASONS OF England shall be composed of — " The actual Masters and Wardens of all "Warranted Lodges, C) Past Masters of Lodges, who have regularly served and passed the chair before the day of Union, and who have continued without secession regular contributing Members of a Warranted Lodge. It being understood that of all the Masters who, from and after the day of the said Union, shall regularly pass the chair of their respective Lodges, but one at a time, to be delegated by his Lodge, shall have a right to sit and vote in the said Grand Lodge, so that after the decease of all the regular Past Masters of any regular Lodge, who have attained that distinction at the time of the Union, the representation of such Lodge shall be by its actual Master, "Wardens, and one Past Master only." Past Masters are admitted to membership in many Grand Lodges, and by some the inherent right has been claimed to sit in these bodies. But the most eminent Masonic authorities have made a contrary decision, and the general opinion now is that Past Masters obtain their seats in Grand Lodge by courtesy, and not by inherent right. (0 In the composition of the United Grand Lodge of Eng- land, the admission of Past Masters in 1813, in deference to the prevailing practice among the " Ancients," was a distinct innovation ; it may be noted also that for many years subsequent to the Union (until 1834), Past Masters were ineligible for election to the Boards of General Pur- poses, Finance, (") Works, and Schools, and the Com- mittee of Benevolence. It was in consequence of this disability, that the late Bro. Peter Gilkes, in order to qualify for election to the Board of Benevolence, of which for the last sixteen years of his life he was a distinguished member, (^) The import of this last sentence can only be gnaged by ima- gining the impression it would create if reproduced in the Book of Constitutions of current date. ( ' ) It was apparently not thought necessary to designate the old Lodges by their proper (i.e., Time Immemorial) appellation. ( 8 ) Mackey's Lexicon of Freemasonry. This grade seems to have obtained from \ery early times, in the ©Id trade or craft guilds. A regulation of the Guild of Tailors, Exeter (1516), orders, that all Past Masters shall be on the Council of the Guild, and shall have the same authority as the Wardens. (Smith's English Gilds, p 328.) ('■>) United with the Board of General Purposes about 1839. Four Past Masters added to the Boards of General Purposes and Finance, 1834.— P. Q. Review. THE FOUR OLD LODGES. 37 during that period annually filled the chair of a Lodge, and discharged its arduous duties. (^) V. Art. VIII. (Ante p 6, Note 6). § 29. — I. The prevailing theories with regard to Masonic history, are of so conflicting a nature, that the stu- dent may be sorely tempted to take refuge, in the sceptical solution of this difficulty, propounded by a notable mystic of the last century. (^) : — " No man can give any account of the Order of Freemasonry, of its origin, of its history, of its object, nor any explanation of its mysteries and symbols, wMch does not leave the mind in total uncertainty on all these points." The descent of modern Freemasonry has been variously traced; — (a) from the Roman Collegia; (&) the Oriental building (or other) fraternities ; (c) the trade or Craft Guilds of the middle ages ; (d) and from the German operative Stonemasons in the beginning of the eleventh century. (^) Amongst the curious speculations, which, from time to timej'-have been indulged in by individual writers, not the least singular, is the theory advanced by Bro. Godfrey Higgins (author of the Celtic Druids), who states : — " I am of opinion that a certain class of persons, initiated into the higher mysteries of the Ancients, were what are ( ' ) Peter William Gilkes was initiated in the British Ijodge, No. 8. The Lodge of Unity, No. 69, first elected him their Master, and during his Masonic life he filled Baooessively the chairs of Nos. 23 (Globe), 162 (Blaokfriars Bridge Lodge, now Oadogan), 172 (Concord), 180 (Goat, Pall Mall, now St. James Union), 256 (Unions), 214 (Hope and Unity, Romford), and 7 (Percy Arms, Strand, now Boyal York Lodge), several times each, and died the W.M. of the St. Michael's Lodge, now No. 211. He declined the hononr of an office in the Grand Lodge because he considered that his oircnmstanoes in life were not equal to the appointment. ( ^) Dr. Adam Weishaupt, Founder of the lUuminati ; Proof of the Existence of lUuminism, Charlestown, 1802, p 81 ; Memoirs of Jacobinism, by the Abbe Barmel, Vol. II. p 352 ; Proofs of a Con- spiracy (Robison), p 110. (3) See (a) Preston Ed. 1804, p 141 j Laurie, Chapter I. ; Masonic Mag. July 1873 (Woodford), and January 1879 (Art. Guilds) ; Pindel, pp 20-23. (V) Wren's Parentalia (1750), p 306 ; Sandy's Short View of the Hist, of rreemasonry (1829), p 31; Higgins Anaoalypsis (1836), Vol. I. pp 767-69 ; Fort's Antiquities of Freemasonry, passim. (c) Herbert's Companies of London, Vol. I. ; Smith's English Guds ; Halliwell's Early History of Freemasonry, p 47 ; Constitutions 1723, p 82 ; Stow's Survey of London (Seymour), Ed. 1735, Bk. IV. p 381 ; Hughan's Old Charges of British Freemasons ; EncyclopsBdia of Architecture (Papworth), p 128 ; Hist, of Architecture (Fergnsson) 1865, Vol. Lpp 477-78. (d) Steinbrenner's Origin and Early History of Freemasonry (1864), p 20 ; and Findel, pp 23 and 47-74. Bro. K. K. H. Mackenzie justly observes of the various theories concerning the origin of Masonry, " There are of these ao many, that each student may select his own favourite without prejudice to any other." — Royal Masonic Cyclopssdia, p viii. called Carmelites, Therapeutas and Esseniens, or that they constituted a part of, or were formed out of these Sects, and were what we now call 'Freemasons.' They were also called Chaldei and Mathematici. I think that the rite of oircmneision was originally instituted for the characteristic mark of the fraternity or society ! !" (*) " It is an extraordinary fact " (says Oliver) " that there is scarcely a single ceremony in Freemasonry, but we find its corresponding rite in one or other of the idolatrous mysteries." (^) The resemblance between the practices of Masonry and those of the ancient mysteries, is thus accounted for by Bro. Sandys : — " The admission of Blias Ashmole, the Antiquarian, in the year 1646, caused a revision of the different forms for the reception of candidates, and to the simple and terse rites then in existence, and which were probably of a very high antiquity, were added others by Ashmole and his companions, who in arranging them, were, perhaps, swayed by the knowledge they, as men of letters, possessed of the ancient mysteries of Egypt and Greece and other Pagan ceremonies ?"(^) As regards the foreign origin, which has been claimed for Freemasonry, it inay be observed, that in 1798, the common belief in this assumption, was animadverted upon by a much quoted Masonic writer, in language which, even at the present day, is not destitute of force : — " It is to be ( * ) Anacalypsis, or an Inquiry into the Origin of all Languages, Nations, and Religions (1836), Vol. I. p 304. Brother Higgins adds, at a later part of this work : — " Everybody knows the now ridiculous traditionary fancy that a Mason is, in some way, marked, or branded, or mutilated, before he can be admitted into the Order. I believe this, like most other traditions, had not its origin from nothing. I believe the higher classes of Masons were originally per- sons who were admitted into the mysteries of Eleusis and Egypt, and that they were Chaldseans and Mathemetioi ; and I believe that what the above tradition of the branding alluded to, was circumcision, and that they were circumcised. Origen and Clemens Alexandrinua both affirm, that the secret learning of the Egyptians was only taught to such persons as had undergone the operation of circumci- sion, for which reason it was submitted to by Pythagoras. The same word in Hebrew means both initiated and circumcised." ? (I^id. p 724.) There is not (says Clinch) one Mason existing, who under- stands the reason of Pythagoras, or comprehends his system ; yet they own his peculiar symbols, which by no chance could have been marked except from tradition. Of Hiram and Solomon, I shall not make a serious mention, but to show that not even the brethren themselves knew their origin, since they cannot agree on their own pleasant mythology. To me, however, the opinion which seems decisive is, that the sect has penetrated into Europe by means of the Gypsies. Anthologia Hibernioa (March and April, 1794), pp 185 and 279-80. (5) Signs and Symbols (1826), Vol I. p 109. («) A Short View of the History of Freemasonry (1829), by W. Sandys, P.M. Grand Master's Lodge, page 52. As this writer, like the majority of Masonic historians, refrains from citing authorities in support of his positions, we must remain in ignorance of the source whence he deduced the theory enunciated in the text. So far as I am aware, Bro. J. M. Bagon is the only author of repute who has given expression to a similar belief. See p 40, Note 5. 38 THE FOUR OLD LODGES. particularly remarked (says Professor Rbbison), that all our brethren abroad profess to have received the Mystery of Freemasonry from Britain. This is surely a puzzle in the history ; and we must leave it to others to reconcile this with the repeated assertions, in Anderson's Book of Constitutions, " that the fraternity existed all over the world. "(') His contention being, that the extraordinary antiquity claimed for the Craft, was irreconoileable with the admitted fact, of Masonry having so totally disappeared from the Countries in which it was originally practised, as to have heen received hacic in the form of an importation from Britain ! " What these causes were " (says Laurie) " which con- tinued the societies of Freemasons longer in Britain than in other countries, it may not, ^jerhaps, he easy to determine, but the fact itself is unquestionably trne."(^) The opinion of Sir Christopher Wren — " that a Frater- nity of Architects, styling themselves ' Freemasons,' having procured many valuable indulgences and exemptions from successive Popes, ranged from one nation to another as they found churches to be built "(^) — has served to sustain, if in- deed it has not established, the theory, that Masonry was introduced into England by peripatetic foreign artificers. (*) To the professional, rather than to the Masonic emi- nence, of Sir Christopher Wren, must be attributed the very general reception of Bis conclusions ; a comparison, tbore- fore, may be profitably instituted, between the foregoing view of our early Masonic history, expressed by the celebrated designer of St. Paul's Cathedral, and some remarks bearing on the same subject, by a distinguished living architect. Writing in 1865, Mr. George Edmund Street observes : " I was strongly disposed once to regard the attempt to deprive us of our great clerical architects (Gundulph, ( 1) Proofa of a Conspiracy. Ed. 1798, p 26. (2) History of Freemasonry, p 28. "Mr. Lanrie has made it appear very probable' that the Churches erected in SootJand in the twelfth century were built by foreign masons. Indeed the want of still in the natives is a snflScient evidence of the fact. But this is no proof that they belonged to the Freemason Society. And the dissolution of the trading associations on the Continent, of which he speaks, as soon as the rage for Church building had ceased, while Freemasonry Jield its ground in England, is conclusive that there was no connection between them. There is every reason to believe that Freemasonry was first established in England, and that there it remained till the famous meeting of the brotherhood, at the Apple "■Tree Tavern, m 1717, when it took to wing, and visited all parts of the civilised world." " The Mysteries of Freemasonry " (Fellows), 1877, pp 246-48. See Findel, pp 65, 71, and 75. ( ^) Parentalia, or Memoirs of the Family of the Wrens (1750) pp 306-7. (4) Pownall on Gothic Architeotare (1788) Archseologia, Vol. IX., p 118. Preston Ed. 1804 p 183. Sandy's Short View (1829), pp 31, 35.^' Hope on Architecture (1835), pp 243-4; and Halliwell, Early Hist, of Freemasonry in England (1844), p 44. Flambard, Walsingham and Wykeham) as a little sacri- legious ; but I am bound to say that I have now changed my mind. In short, the common belief in a race of Clerical Architects, and in ubiquitous bodies of Freemasons, seems to me to be altogether erroneous. "(^) To those, indeed, who regard the " Guild " as the arche- type of the " Lodge," the conclusion will seem neither forced or unnatural — that British Masonry is of indi- genous growth, and not a transplantation from any foreign country. Dr. Lujo Brentano, in the well-known essay, which is referred, to by all writers who touch ever so remotely upon the subject of Guilds, states : — " England must be rep;arded as the birthplace of Gilds, and London perhapsas their cradle. Neither Wilda, the principal writer on Gilds, nor Hartwig, who has made the latest researches into their origin, is able to discover anything of the essential nature of Gilds, either in what has just been related about the old family and its banquets, or in the sacrificial assemblies : and it is only as to the one point of the cus- tom of holding banquets on the occasion of Anniversary Festivals, that Wilda is inclined to derive the Gilds from them. But of the essence of the Gild, " the brotherly banding together in close union, which expressed itself in manifold ways in the rendering of help and sup- port," he finds no trace. The banquets were either casual meetings, to which every one, as he thought proper, invited his friends, or which several people prepared in common, and which did not produce any more intimate relationship than that already existing from the actual bond of a family, or state, or neighbourhood, or they were meetings in which every one of the nation was able, or obliged to take part. There appears in them nothing of any closer voluntary confederacy of the members within or by the side of the union caused by the State or religion. Hartwig considers the objections of Wilda conclusive, and believes that from the continued existence of pagan ceremonies, even amongst the religions Gilds, and from the custom of holding feasts, nothing whatever can be deduced which ia essential to the Gilds." (^) In an instructive paper, " The Ordinances of some Secular Guilds of London, 1354 to 1496," Mr. H. L. Coote, thus comments on the views expressed by Dr. Bren- tano : — ^ • " In the various hypotheses which I have refered to, the pro- pounders all agree in one point, viz., in ignoring the past history of Britain. They seem to have forgotten that England was a Latin country for four centuries, and during that period, as she received Latin colonists, so she received also Eoman Laws and Institutions. Amongst the latter the collegia privata were planted here. The collegium fabrorum which dwelt in the Civitatis Regnorum, is known to all antiquaries. The Colleges remained in this country throughout the imperial rale, and with the provincial inhabitants survived the Anglo- Saxon occupation of Britain. They were subsequently, through that marvellous imitativeness which distinguidf^ait the German in the early stages of his national life, adopted by Hftu also. That this is the true origin of the English Guild, it wOl not be very difficult to demonstrate.C) {^) Some Account of Gothic Architecture in Spain, p 464; see also Gwilt's Encyclopaedia of Architecture (1876), Wyat Papworth, (") History and Development of Gilds (1870), pp 68, 98. Mr. J. Toulmin Smith (see p 25, Note 2) seems to have shared in the belief, " that English Gilds were of English origin." Introduction to Smith's English Gilds (Lucy Toulmin Smith), pp xv. svi. (') Transactions of the London and Middlesex ArchEeolcieal Society, Vol. IV. (Jan. 1871), p 21. The arguments /or and against the derivation of the English Guilds from the Eoman " Collegia " may be considered by comparing Mr. Coote's paper with Bro. Findel's remarks at pp 20-24 of his History of Freemasonry. THE FOUR OLD LODGES. 39 If, h owever, we turn from within to withoutjfhe pale of the Craft, and seek for positive information concerring the origin of the Society, -wB are assured by one high authority :—(') " that true Freemasonry, of which Freemasons, as a rule, hnow nothing, existed before the Templars." And by another (^): — " that Masonic writers who reject the hypothesis of descent from the Templars throw no light upon the matter ; in casting from them that theory they seem to have left them- selves entirely in the dark." ! The fanciful conjectures of etymologists, serve but to envelope the subject in still greater obscurity, and though Bro. Godfrey Higgins asserts — " that etymology is not run down because it is wo< calculated to discover the truth, but because it is calculated to discover too much?"(') — ■ the less partial view of the value of etymological research, expressed by Bro. John Northouck, will, I apprehend, find more general acceptation — (of Etymologists) he says : — " There is little dependence to be had on their com- binations of names ; for by the latitude assumed of alter- ing, adding, or subtracting letters, and upon occasion calling in two or three languages to expound the syllables, as best suits the hypothesis they set out in the establish- ment of ; any name may be made to signify anything."!(*) Of conjectural etymology, I subjoin one specimen, which embodying a peculiarly British theory, (°) may interest, if (') Secret Societies of all Ages and Countries (Heokethorn), 1875, Vol. I. p 196. (2) Secret Societies of the European Eevolation (Frost), 1876, Vol. I. p 22. (') Anacalypsis Vol. I. p 23. The curious reader may be interested to learn, that in the compilation of this work, Bro. Higgins was occupied nearly ten hours daily for almost twenty years. Preface p V. C) New History of London (1773), p 2. (5) The adherents to Druidism had various names. GuydeUans, Pcmlicians, Manicheams, Leogrians, Oughers, May's-ons, besides others. In the sense of the Tjough, or office of justice, the word May is primitive to the month of Ma/y, to MaAa, the Goddess of Justice, to Majestas, and to the proper name among the Bomans of Mains, Magns, or Majins. Considering, too, that the May (May-pole) was eminently the great sign of Druidism, as the Cross was of Chris- tianity, is there anything forced or far fetched in the oonjectnre that the adherents to Druidism should take the name of Men of the May, or May's-ons ? The word Hiram (which is made the foundation of the now-adopted name of Masonry, and of the strange story of the architecture of the Temple of Jerusalem) signifies precisely the high-pole or holy-hough. This single word, however, of Hiram, not improbably famished the hint afterwards inlarged into all that fabulous foundation of Masonry, after that the real cause of the name of May's-on had been abolished, and lost in the shades of antiquity. From the premises there also appears clearly the reason why the Society of the May's-ons, or adherents to the Religion of the Qrove, should be more peculiarly national to Britain than to any other part of the world. This country was, in all probability, the parent of Druidism. Essay on the Eeal Secret of the Freemasons (Gleland), 1766, p 120. It was a prevalent contention among the Masonic writers of the it fails to convince, and shall pass on to a consideration of the essential simplicity of the original Masonic Rite. II. From the earliest period, at which any distinct evidence is forthcoming of the usages and customs, which, have finally crystallized into what we now know by the expression Freemasonry, a Simple Rite of one degree, or a single form of initiation, was the only ceremony (as we now understand that phrase) observed by the fraternity. All the brethren were on an equal footing, and the "Master "only meant that member who was elected by vote to preside in the Lodge, or who was charged with the care of work, or with control over the workmen. The three titles, or in modern parlance, " degrees " of Appren- tice, Fellow-craft (or Craftsman) &,nd Master-Mason being only applied in reference to their art. (") The Apprentice, as the term signifies, being a learner ; the Craftsman, an expert workman, who had acquired his trade ; and the Master, an overlooker, or, possibly, an employer of labour. (^) There were no secrets communicated by Lodges to either fellows of Craft, or Masters, that were not known to Apprentices, since members of the latter grade were necessary to the legal constitution of communications for the admission of Masters and Fellows. (*) The Mason Woed is the only secret that is ever alluded to in the minutes of St. Mary's Chapel, or in those of Kilwinning, Atcheson's Haven, or Dunblane, or in any other, examined by Bro. D. M. Lyon, of a date prior to the erection of the Grand Lodge of Scotland (1736).('') But that this talisman consisted of something more than a word, is evident froni the " Secrets " of the " Mason Word" being referred to in the minute-book of the Lodge last century " that the most perfect remains of the Druid's rites and ceremonies were preserved in the customs and ceremonies of Masons." Hutchenson's Spirit of Masonry (1775), p 171 ; Smith's Use and Abuse of Freemasonry (1783), p 72 ; Preston Ed. (1798), p 165 ; and Coustit. 1767, p 72. See also Borlase Ant. Corn, pp 53-146 ; Fort p 296; Anacalypsis (Higgins), Vol. I. pp 715-16; Polwhele Hist. Views of Devon, Vol. I. ; and p 28, Note 1. (8) Findel, p81; Masonic Eeprints (Hughan), p 10. Origin of Masonry (Steinbrenner), p 138 ; Fort, p 206. ( )Brentano, p 143; Riley, p 280; Paley's Gothic Architecture p209. ( 8) Lyon, pp 20-23 ; Findel, p 108 ; Freemasons' Treasury, (Oliver), p 219. (') Lyon, pp 20-23. That Masonic Initiation was formerly a ceremony of great simplicity may be inferred from the curtness of the Warden-General's "item" on the subject (1598), and also from the fact that a century after the promulgation of the Schaw Statutes, the Mason Word was wont occasionally to be imparted by individual brethren, in a ceremony extemporised according to the ability of the initiator. Ibid. See p 20, Note 9. 40 THE FOUR OLD LODGES. of Danblane, and from the further information drawn from that of Hanghfoot, viz., that in 1707 the word was accom- panied by a grip. (') "The system of Masonic Degrees now existing in Scotland (says Lyon), was an importation from England. For seven years after the adoption by the Lodge of Edinburgh (St. Mary's Chapel, No. 1) of the speculative system of Masonic Degrees, very few aspired to more than the first step. The minutes of 22nd November 1759 record the fact that on the brethren " resolving themselves into a Fellow-Craft Lodge, and then into a Masters' Lodge," the entered Apprentices were "put out " — an act indicative of the formal obliteration of an ancient landmark, and the rupture of one of the few remaining links uniting Operative with Symbolical Masonry." (") III. Brother W. J. Hughan says : — ■" I have care- fully perused all the known Masonic MSS. from the fourteenth century down to A.D. 1717, (of •which I have either seen the originals, or have certified copies), and have not been able to find any reference to three degrees. There exists printed evidence as early as A.D. 1686 that several ' signs ' were communicated to the initiates, and manuscripts of about the same period also refer to more than the mere ' Mason Woed ' as respects England ; but none of these mention ' degrees,' and the laws then in force prove these secrets were known to all the members. An examination of the York Records proves that the Three Degrees were not worked by the Lodge of York until the third decade of the last century. It seems clear to me, that modern Freemasonry 6f Three Degrees, not only is of English origin and a continuation of ancient Operative Masonry, but that its introduction into the new arrangement took place in London, certainly not before A.D. 171 7."('') The introduction of the degrees of Fellow Craft and Master Mason was effected so imperceptibly that the (1 ) Lyon, pp 20-23. (a) " Hist, of the Lodge of Bdinbargb," pp 76 and 153. The adop- tion in January 1735, by the Lodge of Kilwinning, of the diatingnish. ing title of free-masons, and its reception of English Symbolical Masonry, were of simultaneous occurrence. Ibid, p 80. The third degree ia referred to for the first time in the minutes of the Lodge of Edinburgh on 1st Nov. 1738, and Bro. Lyon notices the presence of " seTerall visiting brethren" as proving that fhenoveWy was then popular with Craftsmen of the Scottish metropolis. Ibid, p 212. See p 8, Note 2. (3 ) Hnghan, cited by Lyon, p 211. " Our present third degree is not architectural, bnt traditionary, historical and legendary i its traditions being unfortunately hyperbolical, its history apocryphal, and its legends fabulous." Freemasons' Treasury (Eev. G. Oliver, D.D.), 1863, p 222. See p 22, Note 3. exact date has not been recorded. It is very proba,ble that the degree of Master Mason first originated as a reward for Masonic merit, especially for brethren who had passed the chair during 1717-20; and that the second degree has been intercalated afterwards, to complete the three steps of the operatives. (*) The third degree could hardly have been present to the mind of Dr. Anderson when, in 1723, he superintended the printing of his " Book of Constitu- tions, for it is therein stated, that ' the Key of a Fellow- Craft,' is that by which the secrets communicated in the Ancient Lodges could be nnravelled."(^) It was no common thing for many years after the revival to meet with members who had received a degree beyond the Fellow-craft,(°) which was all that was required of the Treasurer, Secretary, or Doorkeeper of Grand Lodge, by the Constitutions of 1723 ; all new regulations, moreover, remaining subject to the approval of the youngest appren- tice. (*) Fellow-crafts and apprentices (') only, are named in 0. R. XXXVII. and by the provisions of 0. R. XVIII., in the sickness or absence of the Deputy G.M., the Grand Master was empowered " to chuse a discreet Fellow-craft, to act as Deputy J3TO tempore." (* ) Findel, pp 150-1. ( ^ ) Constit. 1723, p 29 ; Lyon, p 210. Elias Ashmole records in his Diary (March 10th, 1682) , " that being present at a meeting of Masons, he was the senior Fellow amongst them, it having been 35 years since he was admitted." If a superior grade had been in existence, this eminent antiquary would hardly hare remained 35 years a Mason without seeking to participate in its peculiar secrets. It is noteworthy, that the meeting chronicled by Ashmole, took place at the Masons' Sail, and that Mr. Thomas Wise, the Master of the Masons' Convpany, was present. Anderson and Preston both allude to the connection at one time subsisting between the Freemasons and the above named Company. Constit. 1723, p 82, and Preston Ed. 1804, p 183. Other authorities record that in the 50th year of Edward III. (1375), of 148 members chosen by the several " Mysteries " to be the Common Coancil of the City of London, 4 were furnished by the " Masons," and 2 by the " Freemasons ; " the latter Company being subsequently (along with the " Marblers ") absorbed by the former. Herbert, Companies of London, Vol. I. p 33 ; Strype, p 215 ; and Seymour, pp 381, 392. It is somewhat singular, that the Masonic MS. of A.D. 1714 (in the possession of Mr. Wyatt Papworth) bears the inscription : — " In the Lord is aU our trust," which is identical with the motto of the existing Masons' Company p Query, were the " Masons," " Carpenters," and " Black- smiths," who figure as Grand Wardens, in the early proceedings of Grand Lodge, actual operatives, or members of the various City Comparies, bearing the distinguishing titles of what had been their respective Crafts ? (^) N.B. — When yon are first made a Mason, you are only entered Apprentice ; and till you are made a Master, or as they call it, pasa'd the Masters' Part, you are only an entered Apprentice. Note. — There is not one Mason in a hundred that will be at the expence to pass the Masters' Part, except it be for interest. — The Mystery of Freemasons, 1750 (an engraved sheet in Brit. Museum). (?) See §§ 17, 23, and 24. (s) Then the Grand Mastek shall allow any Brother, Felloin- Craft or Apprentice to speak, directing his discourse to his Worship or to make any motion for the good of the Fraternity, &o. Constit. 1723, p 70. THE FOUR OLD LODGES. 41 In the minutes of the Moira Lodge, No. 92, which commence 17th July 1755 — the first mention of anything beyond " mah'ng masons," is as follows, viz. " Perticular Night, 27 ApriU 1756 For the Makeing Jn°. Simpson, Mariner £ s d one pound one He paid into the Lodg - - Shill , 110 AndRais*. Master the next lodg night and paid." 6 £16 whilst the earliest reference (by name) to the two first degrees, appears under date of " Oct. ye 20th 1760," viz., "The Busness being over the Lodge was close in due form The Enter*. Apprintice and fellow Craft's parts." IV. " The degrees recognised in 1723, being but three, the Apprentice, Fellow Craft and Master Mason, un- doubtedly all others not included in such a simple Rite are " Innovations " in the Body of Masonry."(^) " It may be argued that so long as the consent of a Grand Lodge was obtained, any number of degrees would be legitimate, but as it was expressly declared by the first Grand Lodge that ' All the alterations were only for amending or explaining the old Regulations for the good of Masonry, without breaking in upon the Antient Rules of the Fraternity, or infringing the Old Landmaeks ;' it is evident that anything so revolutionary as extra degrees must be foreign to pure and Antient Freemasonry, and con- trary to the ceremonies sanctioned by the Grand Lodge of England at the Revival. "(^) On the 26th May 1800, it was resolved by the Grand Lodge of Scotland; that they sanction the Three Cheat Orders of Masonry, and these alone, of Appeentice, Fellow- Oeaft, and Mastee Mason, being the Ancient Order of St. John, and they expressly prohibit and discharge all Lodges having Charters from the Grand Lodge, from holding any other meetings than those of the Three Orders above described. (') ( 1 ) Constitutions of the Freemasons (Hnghan), p vii. " You admit that ifc is not in the power of any Man or .Body of Men to make innovation in the Body of Masonry." Antient Charges, Constit. 1873, p 7.. (") Constitntions of the Freemasons (Hnghan), p vii ; see § 24. ( 3 ) Laurie, p 162. See § 28 (III.) The Grand Lodge of Scotland still withholds its recognition of other than Craft Masonry. Lyon, p 96. Bro. Findel forcibly observes (*) : — " The three degrees of Masonry are perfectly independent of any other, and include within themselves the whole of Masonry. Every- thing superadded or appended thereto is contraband and illegal." V. A non-Masonic writer, from whose pages I have already quoted, may here be profitably cited. (^) " As to spurious Masonry, its almost countless degrees form an in- coherent medley of opposite principles, founded chiefly on Christian traditions and institutions, orders of knighthood, contested theological opinions, historical events ; in fact, every important event or institu- tion has aflbrded models for Masonic mimicry." " Masonry ought not to be an ambulance, but a vanguard. It is embarrassed by its excessive baggage, its superflaoas symbols." (^) Bro. William Preston has some quaint remarks on this subject. (') " It is well known to the Masons of this country, that some men of warm and enthusiastic imaginations have been disposed to amplify parts of the institution of Freemasonry, and in their supposed im- provements to have elevated their d/iscoveries into new degrees, to which they have added ceremonies, rituals, and dresses, ill-suited to the native simplicity of the Order, as it was originally practised in this country. Bat aU these degrees, though probably deserving reprehension, as improper innovations on the original system of Masonry, I can never believe that they have either proceeded from bad motives, or could be viewed in any other light tha/n as innocent and inoffensive amuse- ments ! ! " , Without wishing to detract, from the amiability of motive, which may have animated the fabricators of new degrees, the thoughtful upholder of our Ancient Landmarks, may well hold his judgment in suspense, whilst he pauses to inquire — whether even a tacit recognition of degrees, which did not form part of the system of Masonry, formally approved by the fraternity in 1721, and officially promul- gated in the Constitutions of 1723 — is compatible with the solemn pledge exacted of every Master at installation ; viz. : — " That he will discountenance all dissenters from the original plan of Freemasonry ?" (^) An authoritative definition of "the original plan of Freemasonry," would seem therefore to be urgently needed, since, without espousing the side either of brethren who affirm, or who deny, that the element of finality was present in the arrangement of 1721 — it may be postulated — that if (*) History of Freemasonry, p 186, Note 2. (5) Secret Societies of All Ages and Countries (Heokethorne), Vol. Lp 266. (8) Ibid, p 348. C) Illustrations of Masonry, Ed. 1804, pp 339-40. ( 8) Antient Charges. Constit. 1873, p vii. 42 THE FOUR OLD LODGES. a solemn engagement to discountenance any extension of the original scope of Freemasonry, is held by the governing Masonic body, to be an indispensable pre-requisite to filling the chair of Master; the brethren who dutifully submit to this regulation of the supreme authority, have an undoubted right to be preserved from inadvertent error in the fulfilment of their trust—" to support the antient charges, as Masters have done in all ages " — by being made acquainted with the precise limits within which the " original plan of Freemasonry " is contained. The position of the Craft, as afi'tcted by a multiplication of degrees, is humorously illustrated by an antagonistic writer, in his general arraignment of Freemasonry (^) : — " She profeeses to teacli the seven liberal arts, and also the black art ! proflFera to give one a wonderful secret, wHoh is, that she has none ; who sprung from the clouds, formed by the smoke of her own records, whichwere burnt forthehonour of the mystery; (2) who stood the shook of ages, and the revolutions of time, on the reputation of King Solomon ; who is always and unchangeably the same glorious Fraternity, whether of iTiree degrees, of seven iegieea, of thirty -three degrees, or forty-three degrees, or fifty-three degrees, or of ninety degrees. Such a flood of innovation has gone over the ancient Landmarks, that Freemasonry's one science, Masonics, can never again run the lines, and establish the corners, without a very free use of the faculty of Abrac." ( ^ ) VI. Reverting to the enquiry with which this Section commenced — viz., the most probable origin to be assigned to modern Freemasonry — the preceding paragraphs (II. — IV.) will have shown, that the usages and customs of Masons have been vastly extended, since they ceased to be (in the South of England) the peculiar and especial heritage of the " Four Old Lodges." Masonry may therefore be termed the stock, and modern Freemasonry the scion ; the pristine simplicity of our Ancient English Rite, being now only reflected in the mirror of tradition. § 30. — The power of passing and raising Masons, con- tinuously possessed by the old Lodges, may be dismissed in a few words. Since, by what may be termed a process (' ) Cited in Hist. Landmarks of Freemasonry, Vol. II. p vi. ( 2) " This year (1720) at some private Lodges, several very valu- able Manuscripts (for they had nothing yet in print), concerning the Fraternity, their Lodges, Regulations, Charges, Secrets, and Usages, (particularly one writ by Mr. Nicholas Stone, the Warden of Imigo Jones) were too hastily burnt by some sompnlons Brothers ; that those Papers might not fall into strange hands." Constit. 1738,,p 111. Dalloway says (Discourses on Architecture, p 428) : — "Perhaps they thought the new mode, though dependent on taste, was independent on science, and, like the Calife Omar, that what was agreeable to the new faith was useless, and that what was not, ought to be destroyed ! " See p 24, Notes 1 and 2. ( 3 ) The term " faculty " (or soieuoe) of ABBAC is used for the Science of Magic. Bro. Port devotes an entire chapter (XXXVI.) to the consideration of this subject. of " levelling up," viz., the extension of this privilege to all Lodges in 1725,(*) Lodges, old or new, are now on the same footing. §. 31. — Original No. 1 (Lodge of Antiquity) would seem, in every way, to have avoided any surrender of its rights, and, indeed, to have powerfully asserted its independency. The encomium passed upon this Lodge in 1811 (^) is equally merited at the present day : — " The Lodge of Antiquity has long maintained a high degree of preeminence ; not so much for its rank as the first Lodge under the English Constitution, as for its zealous care in sacredly preserving and constantly keeping in view the Antient Landmarks of the Order." Speaking of St. John the Baptist's day 1717, and of the meeting at the Goose and Gridiron alehouse, which eventuated in the election of the Premier Grand Master of Masons, Bro. Findel says : — " This day is celebrated by all German Lodges as the day of the anniversary of the Society of Freemasons. It is the high-noon of the year, the day of light and of roses, and it ought to be celebrated everywhere." (^) § 32. — Original No. 2 appears for the last time in the list of Lodges in 1736, and its place as No. 2 was filled up at the change of numbers in 1740, by the promotion of original No. 4. The latest attendance of its Master and Wardens at the Communications of Grand Lodge occurred on 29th May 1733, on which occasion it is recorded: — " That they paid in their charity £1 Is Od." An attempt was made to resuscitate this Lodge (p 6) on 16th March 1752, but less fortunate than their brethren of the " Horn," under analogous circumstances, the petitioners were com- pletely unsuccessful, in their laudable endeavour to retain on the roll, the oldest but one of our English Lodges. § 33.— I. Original No. 3 (Fortitude and Old Cumber- land). The supercession of original No. 3 by eight jnmoi Lodges in 1729, together with its partial restoration of rank in 1756, has introduced so much confusion into the history of this Lodge, that for upwards of a century, its identity with the " Old Lodge " meeting at the Apple Tree Tavern in 1717, appears to have been wholly lost sight of! The status of this Lodge will now be discussed, but it should be premised that, hitherto, all authorities alike, have (*) See p 19, Note 1. ( = ) European Mag. Vol. LIX. p 323. ( 8 ) Hist, of Freemasonry, p 137. Not only would this great event in the history of the Lodge of Antiquity, seem worthy of annual commemoration ; but also the earlier Grand Lodge meeting, at the Apple Thee Tavekn ? See § 33 (JIl.) THE FOUR OLD LODGES. 43 regarded this point as narrowed to the consideration of a short statement of eight lines only, viz., the note to Lodge 10 in § 6, upon which, therefore, it must especially be recollected, Preston entirely bases Ms estimate of this Lodge's position, (p 19.) It should likewise be borne in mind, that the sweeping conclusions arrived at by Preston in 1778 and 1781 (pp 19 and 21), and which were expressed by him whilst a seceder from, and an expelled member of, the Grand Lodge of England, are quite irreconcileable with the views he placed on record in 1796. (§ 18, VI.) II. Additional materials having recently been found available, in the records of Grand Lodge, for the forma- tion of a more accurate judgment in regard to the present status of this Lodge, the enquiry will now be proceeded with. (§ 13.) From the minutes of Grand Lodge, it appears that the " acceptance of a warrant " by original JN'o. 3, on 27th February 1723, was followed by no penal consequences until 1729. On or about 25th November 1723, when the names of the then subsisting Lodges were transcribed in what is now the earliest minute-book of Grand Lodge, the Queen's Head, Knave's-acre, forms the second entry, which position it again occupied on the later list of 1725. (') On 19th December 1727, at a Quarterly Communication, held at the Devil Tavern, Temple Bar, the names of 18 Lodges are entered on the minutes, as having been repre- sented, and, for the first time, numbers are prefixed to their descriptions, viz. : — 1. Goose and Gridiron, St. Paul's. 2. Rose and Rummer, Castle-yard. 3. Queen's Head, Knave's-acre. 4. Horn, Westminster. It is, therefore, quite clear that, np to this date, the relative positions of the old Lodges, as published on the authority of Grand Lodge in 1723 (p 2), were entirely unaffected by the " coming under a new constitution " of original No. 3. It should be also stated that the above description of the " four Lodges," is thus prefaced in the minutes : — " The Master and Wardens of the several Lodges fol- lowing, attended and answered to their names." Which implies that the list was called over in the order of seniority at that time prevailing. (1) § 4, and see Appendix (List 10). 11th July 1729, was the next date on which all four Lodges were present in Grand Lodge at the first call, and on this occasion the Goose and Gridiron, Rose and Rummer, and the Horn, were numbered respectively 1, 2, and 3 ; the Queen's Head figuring as No. 10. It should be noted, however, that a protest by original No. 3, against " its misplacement in the printed book, whereby they lost their rank," was recorded on the same day. (§13, IX.) III. The action of Grand Lodge in this matter, must be characterised as a glaring instance of ea;j30s) Erased7th March 1747. (21) Erased 5th May 1757. Eestored 31st Oct. 1757. (22) Erased 11th Nov. 1783. Restored 11th February 1784. (23) Erased 23rd Jan. 1764. (24) Erased 30th Nov. 1752. (25) Erased 24th July 1755. Then meeting at the Ben Jensen's Head (for assembling ttmiJer t?ie denomination of a Lodge o/ Ancient Masons). (26) W'arrant surrendered 24th June 1742 on joining No. 38. (27) Erased 23rd April 1773 (then meeting at the Isle of Wight). (28) Erased 17th Nov. 1760 and 27th Jan. 1768. (29) Erased 29th Nov. 1754 and 27th Jan. 1768. (30) Erased 1775-6. (31) Erased 28th April 1775. Eestored 24th April 1776. (32) Erased 14th February 1758. (33) Erased 1781. (34) v^arrant surrendered 26th February 1745, on joining No. 102. (35) Erased 23rd April 1773. (36) Erased 12th April 1780. (» ) Vacant in all lists. THE FOUH OLD LODGES. 57 LIST No. 14. List of Lodges 1756-69. A List of Regular Lodges accordmg to their Senioeitt and Constitution hy Obder of the Grand Master. Printed for and Sold by Benj" Cole, Engeater and Copper Plate Printer, the Comer of King's-head Court, Holbourne. (From Engraved List 1766.) No. Ho and Name 1756. No. No . and Name 1756. 1T40.55 Constituted 1740-55 Constituted 1 1 King's Arms St. Paul's Church- Time Immemorial 69 43 Angel Maooleafield, Che. 1731 yard shire 2 2 Horn Westminster 72 44 Three Tuns Smithfield Dec. 17th 1731 4 3 George & Dragon Grafton St. St. Jany. 17th 1721 73 45 Half Moon Oheapside Ann's 74 46 Salutation and Newgate St. Jan. 11th 1731 5 4 Brannd's Head New Bond St. Jany. 19th 1721 Cat 6 5 Castle Tower St. Seven Dials Jany. 28th 1721 75 47 King's Arms St. Margaret's Hill, Southwark Feby. 2nd 1731 10 6 Fish and Bell Charles St. Soho Peby. 27th 1722 76 48 King's Arms Leigh, in Lancashire Feby. 2ud 1731 Sqr. 78 49 A la Ville do Rue de Boucheries, Apl. 3rd 1732 9 7 King's Arms New Bond Street Nov. 25th 1722 Tonerre Paris 8 8 Crown Leadenhall St. Mav — 1722 81 50 Turk's Head Greek St. Soho May 25th 1732 11 9 Dundee Arms Wapping New Stairs 1722 82 51 Dog St. James-market, June 21st 1732 12 10 Bunch of Grapes Chatham Moh. 28th 1723 Piccadilly 13 11 Head Wandsworth Mch. 30th 1723 84 52 Carlisle Castle Shoreditoh July 12th 1732 14 12 The Anchor Rosemary Lane Apl. 1st 1723 91 53 London Bridge Punch House Sept. 8th 1732 18 13 Monming.Bush Alderssate 1723 92 54 Virgin's Inn Derby Sept. 14th 1732 20 14 Baptists Head and Chancery Lane Aug. 4th 1723 93 55 Private Room Boltou-le-Moore, Nov. 9th 1732 Anchor Lane. 21 15 Golden Anchor At ye Ballast Kay in E. Greenwich Sept. 11th 1723 97 56 Three Swans Winchester-street, Salisbury Deo. 27th 1732 22 16 Bell Noble St. Sept. 18th 1723 99 57 City of Norwich Winford-street, near Feby. 17th 1732 23 17 Dog Garlick Hill 1723 Brick-lane, Spit- 24 18 Lion and Ball Gray's Inn Passage, Dec. 24th 1723 tlefields Red Lion Square 100 58 Figure Chelsea Mar. 3rd 1732 27 19 Angel Norwich 1724 101 59 White Bear Bath May 18th 1733 28 20 Dolphin Chichester July 17th 1724 102 60 Cross Keys Henrietta-street, May 23rd 1733 81 21 Three Tuns Portsmouth 1724 Coveut-garden 34 22 Castle Lombard St. 103 61 Red Lion Bury, Lane. July 26th 1733 35 23 Pope's Head Pope's Head AUey, Comhil Feby. 1724 104 62 Tolbut Stourbridge, Wor- cestershire Ang. Ist 1733 36 24 Snn Ludgate Hill April 1725 105 63 Sun St. Pauls Church Dec. 27th 1733 38 25 King's Arms L., Gerrard St. May 25th 1725 Yard Bhinoceros and 109 64 The Swan Birmingham 1733 Cup 110 65 Royal Exchange Boston, New Eng- 1733 43 26 St. Albans St. Albans St. Jany. 31st 1727 land 44 27 Three Flenr-de- St. Bernard St. 1727 111 65 Valenciennes French Flanders 1733 Lnces Madrid 113 67 Masons Apron Plymouth 1734 49 28 Bed Cow . West Smithfield 1728 98 68 Sampson and the B. Smithfield, late Feby. 17th 1734 50 29 Horse Shoe Cannon St. in the Mint, Southwarfc 1728 Lion the Ship at ye Hermitage 51 .30 Rook of Gibraltar At Gibraltar Nov. 1728 114 69 King's Head Nr. ye Watch House June 11th 1735 53 31 Lion Lynn Regis, Norfolk Oct. lat 1729 H. Holbom 54 55 32 33 George and Dragon Horn St. Ma,ry Ax Fleet St. Jany. 22ud 1729 Jany. 24th 1729 115 70 Head. Stewards L . Southampton St. Cov. Garden Public Nights, 3d Wed. in Mar. and Dec. 56 34 Peacock King St. St. Moh. 25th 1730 116 71 In Holland 1735 James-square 117 72 Fencers Nr. Newcastle upon June 24th 1735 57 35 St. Rook's Hill Near Chichester In the reign of Tyne Julius CsBsar. 118 73 Castle At Aubiguy isn Aug. 12th 1735 61 36 Red Cross Barbican May 22nd 1730 France 62 37 Two Figures At Putney July 17th 1730 123 74 Fountain High St. Bristol Nov. 12 1735 63 38 Head Lincoln Sept. 7th 1730 124 75 Savannah In the province of 1735 65 39 Platter White Lion Yard, Jany. 26th 1730 Georgia Norton Folgate 126 76 Angel Colchester 1735 66 40 East India Aims Bengali, East Indies 1730 127 77 Fountain Gateshead, Bishopric Mar. 8th 1735 67 41 Fox Castle St. South. 1730 Durham wark 128 78 Green Man Shrewsbury Apl. 16th 1736 63 42 Wind MiU Rosemary Lane 1730 129 79 Rising Sun Fashion St. Spittle- fields June 11th 1736 58 THE POUR OLD LODGES. No. No and Name 1756. No. No ■ and Name 1756. 1740-55 Constituted 1740-55 Constituted 131 80 Kings Head Norwich 1736 193 126 Port Eoyal Lodge Jamaica 1742 132 81 The CuBtom By the old Dock, June 25th 1736 194 127 A 1 Angel Dolgelly, N. Wales Sept. 17th 1743 House L'Pool Aug. 196 128 St. George Emperors Court at Sept. 24th 1743 133 82 Lion and Cock St. Michael's-alley, 16th 1736 Hamburgh Cornhill 195 129 Bull High Street, Bristol Mob. 20th 1743 134 83 Eose Edgebaston St. Bir- mingham Sept. 20th 1736 197 130 New Lodge Copenhagen, Den- mark Oct. 25th 1745 135 84 Bell Friday St. Dec. 2nd 1736 208 131 St. Jago de laVego Jamaica Apl. 29th 1746 136 85 George and Ironmonger Tiane Deo. 21st 1736 198 132 The Bear Norwich May 9th 1747 Dragon 268 133 A New Lodge St. Eustatius, Dutch June 6th 1747 137 86 Fonntain Bartholomew Lane, Dec. Slst 1736 Island, W. Indies late the Buffaloes 203 134 Pope's Head Plymouth May Ist 1748 Head 200 135 Mitre Plymouth June 15th 1748 138 87 Bine Posts Southampton Bids., Jany. 24th 1736 199 136 Queen's Head Norwich Jany 5th 1748 Holborn 201 137 Bear Cambridge Mar. 31st 1749 139 88 Crown West Smithfield Feby 14th 1736 202 138 Lodge of Orange At Rotterdam May 5th 1749 144 89 The Three Tuna Spittlefields Apl. 18th 1737 204 139 St. Martin's Lodge Copenhagen, Den- Oct. 9th 1749 147 90 Chapman's Coffee Sackville St. Aug. 24th 1737 mark House 205 140 Three Tuns Norwich Jany 9th 1749 148 91 Sugar Loaf Fleet St. Sept. 21st 1737 213 141 No. 1 at Minorca Feby 9th 1750 149 92 Sun Milk St. Honey Lane Dec. 8th 1737 214 142 No. 2 at Minorca May 23rd 1750 Mkt. 215 143 No. 3 at Minorca June 24th 1750 150 93 Angel Shipton Mallet, Som - Dec. 12th 1737 206 144 St. Christopher Sandy Point July 20th 1750 meraetshire 207 145 The Unicom Norwich Feby 12th 1751 154 94 Parham Lodge Parham, Antigua Jany. Slst 1737 209 146 The King's Arms Falmouth May 20th 1751 157 95 The Swan Gloucester Mch. 28th 1738 210 147 Angel Gt. Yarmouth, Nor- June 6th 1751 158 96 Black Dog Shoreditch May 3rd 1738 folk 162 97 Black Cow Halifax, Torks. July 12th 1738 211 148 King's Head West Street, Graves . June 8th 1751 164 98 The Great Lodge St. John's, Antigua Nov. 22nd 1738 end 165 99 Fox Nr. the Sqr. Man- 1738 212 149 St. .Andrew's Cross TheSeaCapt. Lodge, Aug. 29th 1751 chester near ye Hermitage 166 100 The Bed Lion Nottingham Court, Jany. 27th 1738 216 150 No. 4 Minorca Nov. 26th 1751 7 Dials 217 151 King's Arms Helston, Cornwall Apl. 14th 1752 167 101 Coach and Horses Watergate Bt. Feby. 1st 1738 260 152 St. John's Lodge Bridgetown, Barba Apl. 23rd 1752 Chester does 168 102 Cushion St. Albans 218 153 Ship Leadenhall St. (late July 13th 1752 169 103 Red Lion Hornechnrch in Essex Mar. 13th 1738 the Bell at Aid gate) 170 104 Bakers Lodge St. Mary's St. St. John's, Antigua Mar. 14th 1738 219 154 Eainbow Coffee House in Corn hill Aug. 21st 1752 182 105 Kingston Jamaica Apl. 14th 1789 220 155 Masons' Arms Truro in Cornwall Sept. 22nd 1752 172 106 K W and Figure PortsmouthCommon Hampshire ,Apl. 24th 1739 221 156 Chardenagore Ye Chief French Set tlement, Bengal 174 107 Scotch Arms The Mother L. at St Christopher, Bas- seterre June 21st 1739 222 223 157 158 At Madras in EasI India At the Hague ir 176 108 Crown and Ball Playhouse Yard, Aug. 24th 1739 Holland Blackfryers 261 159 St. Peter's Lodge Barbadoes Dec. 15th 1752 177 109 Swan Shoe Lane Oct. 8th 1739 224 160 Black Boy Nottingham Jany. 7th 1753 178 110 King's Arms and Hyde Pk. Corner Oct. 25th 1739 225 161 Lion and Goat Grosvenor St. Feby. 24th 1753 Tun 226 162 Burton's Coffee Crane Court, near Mar. 5th 1753 179 111 Eed Cow Long Lane, West Smithaeld Deo. 7th 1739 227 163 House -Angel doctors commons Piccadilly 180 112 King's Head In the Poultry Jany. 10th 1739 228 164 Lilly Tav. Guernsey May 10th 1753 187 113 Pt Eoom' Lausanne, in ye Can ton of Berne, Swit Feby. 2nd 1739 229 165 The Exchange Tavern Bristol Aug. 22nd 1753 zerland 230 166 Queen's Head Great Queen St. Oct. 23rd 1753 181 114 Three Lions Banbnry, Oxford- Mar. 31st 1740 240 167 Three Crowns Carmarthen, S.W. Oct. 24th 1753 shire 231 168 King's Head Balsover St. Caven- Nov. 5th 1753 183 115 The Ship James St. Covent June 26th 1740 dish Sqr. Garden 232 169 Castle and Lion White Lion Lane, Nov. 10th 1753 184 116 Mourning Bush Tavern Com St. Bristol July 10th 1740 233 170 Evangelist's Norwich 185 117 The 3rd Lodge Calcutta in East In. dia 1740 Lodge at Antigua Nov. 10th 1753 186 118 St. Michael's Barbadoes 1740 234 171 At Amsterdam Nov. 30th 1753 Lodge 235 172 Eose and Crown Presoott, Lane. Deo. 20th 1753 119 Absalon At Hamburgh Oct. 23rd 1740 236 173 The Eoyal Ex- Borough of Norfolk, Dec. 22 1733 188 120 George and Whitehaven, Cum- Mch. 19th 1740 change Virginia Dragon berland 262 174 St. Paul's Lodge at Speight's Town in Jany. Slst 1754 189 121 The Castle and High St. Haverford- Apl. 14th 1741 Barbadoes , Ship west, S. Wales 237 175 White Hart Mansel St. Good. Feby. 9th 1754 190 122 King's Arms Wellolose Square Apl. 13th 1742 man's Fids. 123 Old Eoad St. Christopher's June 17th 1742 253 176 Eedruth in Corn. 192 124 Union of Angels Francfort in Ger- Jane 17th 1742 wall Feby. 14th 1754 many 241 177 Bear Lemon St. Good- Feby. 18th 1754 191 125 Three Horse Shoes Leominster, Here- ford Oct. 11th 1742 man's Fields THE FOUR OLD LODGES. 69 No. No. and Name 1756. No. No and Name 17S6. 1710.55 Constituted 1740-5 Constituted 23S 178 Mitre Union St. Westmstr. Mar. 2nd 1754 263 200 Admiral Vernon's North Audley St. June 17th 1755 239 179 Chequers All Saints, Norwich Mar. 4th 1754 Head Grosvenor Square 242 180 Swan Bamsgate in the Isle Mar. of Thanet 8th 1754 264 201 Leg of Mutton St. Augnstin's Parish, City of June 17th 1755 243 181 Parrot Cow Lane in Leeds Mar. 28th 1754 Norwich 244 182 Archer Butcher Row, near Mar. St. Clements 29th 1754 265 202 203 Lodge of Charity, Crow Amsterdam Cow Lane, Chester June 24th 1755 June 24th 1755 246 183 Crown Without Cripplegate Apl. 5th 1754 270 204 Lion Beccles in Suffolk July 14th 1755 245 184 Figure doctors commons Apl. 13th 1754 205 Swan Tavern York Town, Virginia Aug. 1st 1755 247 185 Swan Westminster Bridge May 13th 1754 206 The Flower in Parish of St. Mary, Sept. 16th 1755 249 186 Ld. Craven Arms Near Carnaby Market June 4th 1754 Hand Norwich 250 187 Pelican Leicester Aug. 21at 1754 207 Sunderland Near ye Sea, County Oct. 7th 1755 266 188 Red House Cardiff, Glamorgan, Aug. S.W. 1754 208 The Grand Lodge of Durham Feedeeick in Nov. 25th 1755 267 189 Bear Cow Bridge, Glamor. Sept. 1754 Hanover gaushire 209 Plume of Feathers Bridges St. Chester Deo. 2nd 1755 269 190 No. 2 St. Eusta. tius Dutch Island, W. In- dies 1754 210 Princess of Wales'f Arms s Cranboum Alley, Leicester Fids. Jany. 20th 1756 251 191 Queen's Head Lowestoff in Suffolk Oct. 29th 1754 211 A Lodge In Capt. Bell's Troop Feby. 7th 1756 252 192 Chequers Charing Cross Nov. 2nd 1754 in the Eight Hon 254 193 The two Spies King St. 7 Dials Dec. 14th 1754 Ld.Ancram's Eegt 256 194 Coffee House St. Ann's Square, Feby Manchester 4th 1755 212 The Sun and of Dragoons In Great Pulteney Feby. 26th 1756 255 195 No. 8 the King's Feby 15th 1755 13 Cantoons St. Golden Square Own Eegt. of 213 A Lodge At Wilmington, on Mar. 1755 Foot Cape Fear River, 257 196 Ark and Dove Moore St. Mar. 2nd 1755 N. Carolina 258 197 Jack of Newberry Chiswell St. Apl. 5th 1755 214 White Lion Water St. Old Sham Apl. 15th 1755 259 198 Stag St. James's St. May 5th 1755 bles, Liverpool 271 199 Ship and Castle Penzance, Cornwall June 14th 1755 215 The Lodge of ■D At Amsterdam Sept. 23rd 1756 End of 1756 List. EXTRACT ¥ROM LIST FOR 1769. Those marked * are from an earlier List. Marked thus t from the 1761 List. 216 St. A Croix 217 White Horse 218 Sea Captain's Lodge 219 Parish of St. Mary's 220 Nag's Head 221 Parliament Coffee House 222 Star 223 Dove and Branch 224 Providence Lodge 225 The Cock 226 Feathers 227 The Sun 228 The Lodge of Regularity 229 Bedford Head 230 St. Michael's Lodge 231 Cook 232 Pope's Head 233 Duke of Beaufort 234 Lodge 235 Corinthian Lodge A Danish Island in ye West Indies Corner of New Bur- lington St. King's Head, High St. Sunderland Jamaica Vine St. Bristol In Parliament St Lynn Eegis, Norfolk Parish of St. Law- rence, Norwich In Ehode Island New Castle-upon- Tyne King St. Seven dials Shad well Amsterdam 1756 Deo. 2nd 1756 Jany. 14th 1757 Feby. 17th 1757 Feby. 17th 1757 Feby. 14th 1757 Feby. 21st 1757 Mar. 23rd 1757 Jan. 18*h 1757 Oct. 13th 1757 May 4th 1757 Oct. Slat 1757 Nov. 21st 1757 Southampton St. Dec. 20fch 1757 Covent Gdn. In Dutchy of Meek- May 15th 1754 lenburg St. Mary's, Norwich Feby. 18th 1758 South Side St.' Moh. 1st 1758 Plymouth On the Quay, Bristol Moh. 8th 1758 At Bombay, B. Mch. 24 1758 Indies Thistle and Crown, Aug. 6th 1758 Eussell Ct. Drury Lane 236 The Swan 237 Bunch of Grapes 288 86 239 240 241 242 243* 244 245 246 247 248 250 251t 252* 253 254 St. James's Lodge Union Lodge The Sun Angel Tree Square and Com- passes Crown The Temple Lodge Lebeok & Figure Prince George, L. The Union Lodge A Masters Lodge Port Eoyal Solomon's L. The BuU King's Head Private Room The Sea Captain's Lodge, at Yar- mouth, Norfolk Fore St. Plymouth Dock Barbadoes New Coffee House and Tavern, Exeter Newton Abbot, Devonshire West Town of Cre- diton, Devonshire Portsmouth Common Barnard Castle, Durham Pescot St. Windsor Bristol Strand George Town, Win- yaw, S. Carolina Charles Town, S. Carolina Charles Town, S. Carolina At Beaufort, Port . Eoyal, Carolina Charles Town, S. Carolina In Mighton's Gate at Hull Canterbury At Ye Queene of Bohemia's Head, Wych St. St. Clements Jany. 1st 1759 Jany. 2nd 1759 Mar. 20th 1758 1732 Mar. 17th 1759 Apl. 21st 1759 Apl. 21st 1759 Apl. 21st 1759 June 6th 1759 July 2nd 1759 Aug. 24th 1759 1743 May 3rd 1755 Mar. 22nd 1756 Sept. 15th 1756 1735 Aug. 20th 1759 Jany. 14th 1760 Jany. 16th 1760 60 THE POUR OLD LODGES. Constituted - Constituted 255 St. Andrew's Cross The Mariner's Lodge, nr ye 305 Lodge at ye Hall Burnley, in Lanca- shire Oct. 9 1763 Hermitage 306 Union Lodge Ben Jonson's Head, Nov. 7 1763 256* Three Crowns Guernsey Goodman's yard. 257 Guy, Earl of Grays Tnn Lane Nov. 27th 1760 Great Minories Warwick 307 Eoyal Meoklen. At Cook, in New St Nov. 28 1763 258 Golden Lion Leeds, Yorkshire Jany. 8th 1761 burgh Lodge Westminster 259* Punch Bowl Stones-ate, York Jany. 12th 1761 308 Saracen's Head Chelmsford, Essex Jan. 18 1764 260 Caledonian Lodge At the Ship, Lead- Mar. 9 1761 309 Lodge of Amity Up the Kiver Belise, Sep. 21 1763 enhall St. Bay of Honduras 261 Compasses Whitehaven, Cum- May 4th 1761 310 Eagle East. St. Gravesend Mar. 4 1764 berland 311 Eoyal Edwin Lime Eegis, Dorset- Apl. 6 1764 262 Granby's-head In the Town and May 8th 1761 Lodge shire port of Dover 312 Door to Virtue Heldesham, in Ger- Deo. 27 1762 263 Sun Darlington, Yorks. June 19th 1761 many 264 Spread Eagle Wisbeoh,Cambridge shire Aug. 8th 1761 313 Eoyal Lodge Thatoht House, St. James St. April 4 1764 265* Three Crows Union St. Ports- Aug. 20th 1761 314 Vertruvian Lodge Swan and Falcon, May 3 1764 mouth Common Eoas, Hereford- 266 The Union L. At Crow Lane, Sept. 17th 1761 shire Bermuda 315 St. George's Lodge Taunton, Somerset- July 13 1764 267* Kingston upon Hull Oct. 27th 1761 shire 268 All Saints Lodge Wooler, Northum- berland Jany. 1st 1762 316 Swan Kendal, Westmore- land July 31 1764 269 St. George's L. Bear Inn, Ezeter Jany. 20th 1762 317 Half Moon Harwich Aug. 9 1764 318 Nag's Head Lymington, Hamp- Aug. 16 1764 2V0 Green Man Ipswich, Suffolk Jany. 21st 1762 shire 271 Koyal Frederick Rotterdam Jany. 25th 1762 319 Ship Feversham Aug. 28 1764 272 No. 2 St. John's L . Ann St. New York Deo. 27th 1757 320 Salutation Topsham, Devonshire Aug. 30 1764 273 George and the Digbeth St. Bir- Feby. 23rd 1762 321 Globe St. Saviour's Church Oct. 23 1764 Dragon mingham yd, Snuthwark 274 A Private Em. At Appledore, De- vonshire Mar. 18th 1762 322 The Club Inn Isle of Ely, Cam- bridgeshire Oct. 23 1764 275 The 8th Lodge Calcutta, B. Indies Feby. 7th 1761 323* Fountain AtHel^ev, inHamps .Nov. 7 1764 276 Hole in the Wall Colne, Lancashire 324 Pons Coffee House Castle St. Leicester 1768 277 The Merchant's L . Quebec Mar. 2nd 1762 Fields 278* The Bell Portsmouth Oommoi 1 May 8th 1762 325 Half MoOB Cheapside, ye Cale- Nov. 15 1764 279 Somerset House At ye King's Arms, May 22nd 1762 donian Lodge Lodge New Bond St. 326 Swann Inn Bridgewater, Somer Dec. 4 1764 280 Globe High St. Salop May 28th 1762 setshire 281 The Fleece Barnstaple, Devonsh May 28th 1762 327 Three Compasses Free School St. Deo. 11 1764 282 East India Arms at Deal June 8th 1762 Horslydown 283 Dukes-head Lynn Eegis, Norfolk June 9th 1762 328 Eose Sittingbourn, Kent 284 La Loge des Prfere Amsterdam June 16th 1762 329 Crown Swaf ham, in Norfolk Deo. 17 1764 Bennis 330 Angel Minories Jan, 8 1765 285 The Lodge of In- habitants Gibraltar July 12th 1762 331 Horn Doctors Commons, French Lodge Jan. 29 1765 286 St. David's Lodge , Holywell, North 332 Boar's Head Lodge At the Fountain, Jan. 29 1765 Eagle and Child Wales Snow Kill 287 Half Moon At Ottley,inYorksh .Aug. 16th 1762 333 Mourning Bush Aldersgate Jan. 29 1765 288 Virtutis et Artes Amici Amsterdam Sept. 16th 1762 334 Dolphin Lambs Conduit Fas sage, Holbom Jan. 22 1765 289 Green Dragoa Workington, Cum- Sept. 22nd 1762 335 George andDragon Warder St. Soho, Mar. 13 1765 berland Operative Masons 290 Griffin Hereford Oct. 12th 1762 336 Black Horse In Shug Lane Mar. 22 1765 291 King's Arms Inn Portsmouth, Hampsh Nov. 2nd 1762 337 Bell Brecon, S. Wales 292 Plume of Feathers Market Place, Not- Jan. 31 1763 338 Lion and Lamb Pool, Dorsetshire April 1 1765 tingham 839 Stag Corinthian Lodge in April 16 1765 293 Sun Inn University Lodge, Mar. 1 1763 the Strand Cambridge 340 Eose & Crown Sheffield April 19 1765 294* Crown Inn Eochester Mar. 17 1763 341 At Alorat in Flanders June 5 1765 295 Black Bull Hexham, Northum- Mar. 8 1763 342 Eose and Crown Coventry June 20 1765 berland 343 Queen's Head Chelsea June 29 1765 296 Stag Chippenham Lodge May 1763 344 Eed Lion Eye in Sussex July 10 1765 of Perfect Union 345 Flask ? Chelsea July 17 1765 297 Blue Bell Eichmond.'Yorkshirc ) May 4 1763 346 The Lodge at in Baltimore, Mary. Aug. 8 1765 298 Bear Havant, Hampshire 1763 Joppa land 299 St. Mark's Lodge South Carolina February 8 1763 347 La Sagesse St. At the Grenadoes May 1 1764 300 Lodge of Eegu- Black Eiver, Mus- Mar. 8 1763 Andrew larity queta Shore 348 Greyhound & Bath Sep. 20 1765 301 City of London Dover Aug. 2 1763 Shakspere 302 Private Boom Stubbingtou, near Aug. 6 1763 349 Lodge No. 1 St. Helary, Jersey Titohfield, Hants 350 New Inn Milksham, Wilts Deo. 7 1765 303 Seven Stars Parish of St. Thomas, Aug. 10 1763 351 At Tortoba and Deo. 21 1765 Exeter Beef Island 804 Castle Dun Cow Lane, Durham Sept. 8 1763 352 Lingham's Coffee House Warrington, Lano. Nov. 8 1765 THE FOUR OLD LODGES. 61 Gonstitnted 353 Lodge No. 1 Madras 354 Lodge No. 2 Madras 355 Lodge No. 3 Madras 356 Lodge No. 1 Bencoolen 357 Bine Boar Norwich 358 Eed Lion Fakenham, Norfolk 359 Lodge of Persever- Amsterdam anoe 360 Ship St. Ives, Cornwall Jnly 16 1765 361 Crown and George Wakefield, York- Feb. 15 1766 shire 362 King's Arms Pnnch Honse, Shad Feb. 22 1766 Thames 363 English Lodge at Mar. 8 1766 Bordeaux — have met since the year 1732 364 Crown Operative Masons, May 17 1766 Crown St. West- minster 365 Dolphin Shoreham April 18 1766 366 Black Lyon Greenwich May 26 1766 867 White Hart Lewis in Sussex May 29 1766 368 Swan Oxford Road June 23 1766 369 Eeoruiting Ser- Carlisle Aug. 1 1766 jeant 370 New Coflfee House Exeter Ang. 6 1766 371 Pewter Platter Norton Folgate Jnly 26 1766 372 Union Lodge Princes St. Bristol Sep. 9 1766 373 King's Head Islington Sep. 10 1766 374 Black Horse Oxenden St. Hay- Sep. 16 1766 market 375 Le Lodge de Sa- Normandii Oct. 8 1766 gesse a Havre 376 Crown and Anchor Constitd ye Lodge of June 16 1766 Lodge Immortality in ye Strand 377 Ship-Masters' Valiant Soldier, Oct. 31 1766 Lodge without South- gate, Exeter 378 St. Nicholas Newcastle upon Nov. 29 1766 Lodge Tyn6 379 Sion Lodge North Shields 380 Crown and Thistle Near Tower Hill Dec. 4 1766 381 Star Watergate St. Ches- Nov. 28 1766 ter 382 Eose and Crown Lodge of Peace Dec. 19 1766 Thames St. 383 King's Arms Bennet St. South- Feb. 9 1767 warfc 384 Castle Holbom Feb. 16 1767 385 Golden Fleece Nr. the Market Cross, 1767 Manchester 386 Golden Lion Chatham Feb. 17 1767 387 Stag Folkstone, in Kent Mar. 16 1767 388 At Grenoble in Mar. 18 1767 France 389 Admiral Hawke Jerusalem Lodge, Ap. 1 1767 Bristol ' 390 The Constitution Bedford St. OoV. Ap. 11 1767 Garden 391 Crown Silver St. Golden 1767 Square 392 Blue Posts Peter St. Westmin- May 21 1767 ster 393 Three Lyons Marborough in Hessia 394 Sun and Punch Holbom June 17 1767 Bowl 395 Lodge of Unity Black Raven, South- June 18 1767 wark 396 Carlisle Arms Queen St. Soho June 26 1767 397 British Society L. Newman St. Soho June 28 1767 398 Crown at New- Newcastle under line ifnne 30 1767 castle under line 399 Hoop Constituted Fair St. Horsley- July 4 1767 down 400 British Union Eotterdam Aug. 1 1767 401 King's Head Hampstead Aug. 5 1767 402 Three Pillars Eotterdam Ang. 21 1767 403 El. Wh. HartL. Halifax, N. Carolina Aug. 21 1767 404 Crown & Anchor Tnrn again Lane, Sep. 11 1767 Snow Hill 405 Castle Dartmouth, Devon Sep. 15 1767 406 Justice In the Mint Oct. 18 1767 407 L. of Amity Canton in China 408 Vine All Soul's Lodge, Oot. .24 1767 Tiverton, Devon 409 George George Yard, Lom- Nov. 27 1767 bard St. 410 Cornnbian Lodge Launceston, Corn- Dec. 15 1767 wall 411 Castle Long Alley, Moor Dec. 15 1767 Fields 412 Lodge of St. Am- St. Albans Deo. 21 1767 phibalus 413 White Lion Mansfield Jan. 8 1768 414 Monmouth Jan. 27 1768 415 LordBoston'sArms Holyhead, Flintshire Jan. 25 1768 416 White Lion Builders L.,Shadwell Feb. iB 1768 Market 417 Eoyal York of the At Berlin Middle June 24 1767 Friendship Mark of Brander- burgh 418 Marlborough Marlborough Street Mar. 5 1768 Coffee House 419 LeVictoire Eotterdam Mar. 17 1768 420 Castle Kingston-upon- Mar. ,24 1768 Thames 421 Sun Lodge of Per- Bristol Mar. 28 1768 petual Friendship 422 Sun Ludgate St. April 9 1768 423 L. of Sincerity Golden Anchor, April 23 1768 Artichoke Lane 424 Jernsalem Lodge Eupert St. Leicester May 12 1768 Fields 425 Windsor Castle Hammersmith May 21 1768 426 H.M. 24th Eegt. At Gibralter June 11 1768 of Foot, Genl. Cornwallis 427 The Constant City of Gand, Flan- July 1768 Union ders 428 St. Christophers July 1768 429 Castle Marlborough July 1768 430 St. Marys Island Scilly July 13 1768 431 Kings Arms Black Wall Sept. 13 1768 432 Grange Inn Carey St. Lincoln's Oot. 30 1768 Inn Fields 433 Lodge of Perfect In his Sicilian Ma- Union jesty'a Eegt. of Foot, Naples 434 Lodge Esperauce Turks Head, Gerrard St. Soho 435 Coach Makers Noble St. Nov. 1 1768 Arms 436 Sun Lodge Flushing Feb. 3 1769 437 Lodge of Hope Queen's Head, Mary Feb. 6 1769 le Bon 438 White Lion and Southwark Mar. 1 1769 Frying Pan 439 Exeter Inn Teignmouth, Devon Mar. 24 1769 440 White Swan Facing Old Gravel April 4 1769 Lane 441 Ship Eatoliffe Highway April 11 1769 442 El. George Lodge Newton Abbott April 20 1769 443 Star Swansea April 24 1769 444 Well Chosen L. Naples April 26 1769 445 Lodge of Virtue Sadlers Arms, Bath June 6 1769 446 Kings Head Merton, Surrey June 28 1769 447 Lodge of Hospi- Shakspere, King St. Ang. 12 1769 tality Bristol 448 Bacchus Hallifax Aug. 18 1769 449 Horns Gutter Lane, Cheap- side 62 THE FOUR OLD LODGES. LIST No. 15. Lodge Numbers 1770-80. A new and correct List of all the Requlae Lodges according to the dates of their Constitution, by order of the Grand Master. London : Printed for and Sold by William Cole, Engraver, and Copper Plate Printer, No. 109 Newgate-street. (From Engraved List 1770.) No. Mo. and Kame 1770. 1766-69 Constitnted Time Immem. 4 4 5 5 6 6 7 7 8 8 9 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 21 20 22 21 23 22 24 23 25 24 26 25 28 26 29 27 30 28 31 29 33 30 34 31 36 32 37 33 41 34 42 35 4fi 36 47 37 44 38 57 39 Time Immem. Jan. 17 1721 Jan. Jan. 19 1721 28 1721 Feb. 27 1722 Nov. 25 1722 1722 53 40 L. of Antiqnity, Mitre, Fleet Street, formerly Goose and Gridiron, St. Panl3 Church Tard Old Home L., The Fleece, Tothil St. Weatminster L. of Friendship, Star and Garter, New Bond St. Crown and Rolls, Chancery Lane Tyrian L., The Talbot, Tottenham Court Eoad L. of Fortitude, Roe Buck, Oxford St. Kings Axma, New Bond St. Ionic L., White Horse, David St. Gros- venor St. Dundee Arms L. (P. Em.), Red Lion St. Wapping Post Office, Chatham Kings Arms, Wandsworth Three Crowns, Bast Smithfield Mourning Bush L., Paul's Head, Cat- eaton St. Anchor and Baptist Head L., Crown and Rolls, Chancery Lane, No. 2 Golden Anchor, Ballast Key, East Greenwich Globe L., Crown and Rolls, Chan. eery Lane White Swan, Whitecross Street United Traders, Pewter Plater, Cross St. Hatton Garden Thatcht House, Norwich, St. Laurence Parish Three Tuns, Portsmouth Castle L., Crown, Bow Lane Queen's Head, Stooton-upon-Tees, Durham The Globe, Fleet Street Cross Keys, Henrietta St. Covent Garden St. Alban, St. Alban Street The Crown, Little Cranboum Alley White Swan, Elephant Stairs, Eo- therhithe St. Johns L. at Gibraltar White Lion, Lynn Regis, Norfolk The Castle, Quaker St. Spittle Fields Lord Arrons Arms, New Bond St. Red Cross, Barbican White Lion at Putney Old Magpie, Bishopsgate Street Windmill, Rosemary Lane Salutation and Oat, Newgate St. King's Head, Borough High Street Jerusalem L.; Olerkenwell Vine Tavern, West Oowes, Isle of Wight White Swan, Chelsea March 3 1732 No. No. and Name 1770. 1766-69 March 28 March 30 April 1 Aug. 1 Sept. 11 Sept. IS Oct. 20 Dec. 24 Jan. 22 Feb. 2 April May 25 Jan. 31 March 9 Oct. 1 Jan. 26 March 25 May 22 July 17 Jan. 11 Feb. 2 Deo. 17 Fob. 17 1722 1723 1723 1723 1723 1723 1723 1723 1723 1723 1724 1724 1724 1724 1725 1725 1727 1728 1728 1729 1729 1730 1730 1780 1730 1730 1730 1731 1781 1731 1732 50 52 51 53 64 55 56 239 59 60 41 63 64 65 66 67 68 77 69 70 72 74 75 76 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 94 89 90 91 92 100 42 48 45 46 47 48 49 50 61 51 101 78 104 96 97 98 -Ark Lodge, Percy's Coffee House, Rathbone Place Bacchus, Hoxton Town King's Arms, Marylebone Street, Piccadilly Cock and Lion, St. Michael's Alley, Cornhill Royal Oak, Derby Anchor and Hope L., Bolton-le- Moor, Lancashire Sarum L., Three Swans, Salisbury White Swan Inn, Exeter White Hart, Bath L. of Freedom, Mitre, Fleet St., near Temple Bar Old Hare and Hounds, Bury, Lancashire The Sun, St. Paul's Church Tard King's Head, New St., Birmingham Royal Exchange, Boston in New England Valenciennes, French Flanders Oxford Inn, Plymouth Dock Strong Man, East Smithfield, late the Ship, at Hermitage The Swan, Wolverhampton Coach and Horses, High Holbom Stewards L., The Horn, Fleet Street Public Nights 8rd Wednesday in March and 61 Lodge at Dorothy Jones's in Swallwall, near Newcastle-upon-Tyne Soloman's L., Charles Town, South Carolina Savannah, in the Province of Georgia The Angel, Colchester Eiseiug Sun, Fashion St., Spittlefields King's Head, Norwich Custom House, by the Old Dock, Liverpool Globe, Tichfield St. Swan, Wolverhampton Half Moon, Cheapside The Star, Coleman St. Parham L., Parham, -Antigua Three Tuns, Spittlefields Braund's Head, New Bond St. Talbot Inn in the Strand Sun, Milk Lane, Honey Lane Market L. of ReUef with Truth, The Three Compasses, High Holbom Coach and Horses, Northgate St. Chester Baker's L., St. John's, Antigua The Crown, Prince's St. Lothbury Old Cook, Halifax, Yorkshire The Great L., S,t. John's, Antigua 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 79 80 81 82 Constituted May 25 1732 June 12 1732 June 21 1732 Sept. 8 1732 Sept. 14 1782 Nov. 9 1782 Dee. 27 1782 1732 May 18 1733 May 23 1783 July 26 1733 Dec. 27 1733 1783 1733 1783 Jan. 26 1734 Feb. 17 1734 March 8 1735 June 11 1735 Decern June ber 24 1735 1785 1785 1735 June 11 1736 1736 June 25 1736 Aug. 16 1736 Sept. 20 1736 Deo. 2 1736 Deo. 21 1736 Jan. 31 1787 April 18 1737 Aug. 24 1737 Sept. 21 1737 Deo. 8 1737 Jan. 27 1738 Feb. 1 1738 1788 May 3 1738 July 12 1738 Nov. 22 1738 THE FOUR OLD LODGES. 63 No. Vo. a ifse-69 99 83 112 84 105 85 107 86 108 109 87 ■88 No. and Name 1770. The Fox, near the Square, Manchester Denmark L., Denmark Tav. Aldgate Mother L., Kingston, Jamaica Mother L., Scotch Arms, St. Chriato- pher's, held at Basseterre Crown and Ball, Playhonse Yard, Black Fryers !E!ast India Arms, John St. Blacks Fields, Horselydown Albemarle Arms, Sonth Andley St. Philanthropic L., Queen's Head, Gray's Inn Gate, Holborn Ship, James St. Oovent Garden Fountain, Hich St. Bristol The 3rd L., Calcutta, B. India St. Michael's L. in Barbadoes Tyrian L., Three Cranes, Haverford West, S. Wales Two Chairmen, Little Warwick St.' Charing Cross Old Eoad, St. Christopher's The Union, Frankfort in Germany Port Royal L., Jamaica The Angel, Dolgelly, in Merioneth- shire, North Wales Prince George L. in George Town, Winy aw, S. Carolina St. Jago de la Vigo, Jamaica The Angel, Norwich A new L., St. Eustatins, Dutch Island, W. India Maid's Head, Norwich Prince George at Plymouth The Sun, -St. Peter's, Manoroft, Norwich 2nd L. in Boston, New England, at the British Coffee House in King St. No. 1 at Halifax, in Nova Scotia King's Head Inn, Cambridge Marble Head L., at Massachnset's Bay, New England St. Christopher's, at Sandy Point New Haven L., in Connecticut, New England King and Miller, St. Bennet, Norwich Crown and Anchor in the Strand King's Arms, Falmouth The Angel, Great Yarmouth, Norfolk King's Head, West Street, Gravesend Sea Captains' L., King's Head, Fen- church Street King's Arms, Helaton, in Cornwal St. John's L., Bridge Town, Island of 110 89 HI 90 115 91 116 92 117 93 118 94 121 95 122 96 123 97 124 98 126 99 127 100 247 101 131 102 132 103 133 104 136 105 134 106 140 107 141 108 109 137 110 142 111 144 112 143 113 145 114 212 115 146 116 147 117 148 118 149 119 151 120 152 121 154 122 156 123 157 124 159 125 161 126 162 127 163 128 164 129 165 ISO 166 131 167 132 168 133 169 134 170 135 172 136 173 137 Constitnted 1738 Jan. 10 1739 April 14 1739 June 21 1739 Aug. 24 1739 Oct. 8 1739 Oct. 25 1739 Deo. 7 1739 June 26 July 10 April 14 April 13 June 17 June 17 Sept. 17 AprU 29 May 9 June 6 Jan. May Jan. 175 138 The George, comer of Maggot's court, Piccadilly At Chardenagore, Chief French Settle- ment, Bengal, E. India At Madras, East India St. Peter's L., Island of Barbadoes Lion and Goat, Grosvenor Street Crown and Horseshoe, corner of Bartlett's Buildings, Holborn White Hart, Shng Lane Lilly Tavern, Gnemsey 3 Tuns, Com Street, Bristol The Vine in High Holborn Shakespeare, Carmarthen, S. Wales King's Head, Princes St., CaTendisk Square The Bear in the Market, Norwich Evangelist's L., Antigua Eoyal Oak at Presoot, Lancashire Eoyal Exchange, Borough of Norfolk, Virginia Marlborough L.,Bowl and Pin, Thames St. Deo. 15 Feb. 24 March 5 May 10 Aug. 22 Oct.. 23 Oct. 24 Nov. 5 Not. 10 Nov. 10 Deo. 20 Deo. 22 1740 1740 1740 1740 1741 1742 1742 1742 1742 1743 1743 1746 1747 1747 1748 1748 1749 Feb. 15 1749 March 31 May 25 July 20 Nov. Feb. 12 Feb. 26 May 20 June 6 June 8 Aug. 29 April 14 April 23 1749 1749 1750 1750 1750 1751 1751 1751 1751 1751 1751 1752 1752 Aug. 21 1752 1752 1753 1753 1753 1753 1753 1753 1753 1753 1753 1753 1753 No. 1756-69 176 178 179 181 182 183 184 230 No. and Name 1770. 139 Private Hoom, Kedruth, Cornwall 140 Eoae and Crown, Crown St. West- minster 141 Black Boy, North Cornstord, Norwich 142 The Parrott, Leeds 143 Three Tnns, at Cambridge 144 Angel and Porter, Golden Lane, near Barbican 145 Marquis of Granby's Head, Southwark 146 St. Michaels L., in the City of Sohwerin, in the Dutchy of Meck- linburgh 147 Three Compasses and Bowl, Silver St., Golden Square 148 The Bear, Cardiffe, Glamorgan, S. Wales 149 The Bear, Cow Bridge, Glamorgan- shire 150 No. 2, at St. Bnstatius, Dutch Island, West Indies 151 The Crown, Loetoffe in Suffolk 152 Chequers, Charing Cross 153 Ancient French Lodge, White Swan, Grafton St. 154 Crompton's Coffee House, Manchester 155 L. in Capt. Bell's Troop in the Rt. Hon. Lord Anoram's Eegt. of Dragoons 156 No. 8 the Kings own Eegt. of Foot 157 Three Kings, Orange St. Bloomsbury 158 L. at Wilmington, on Cape Pear River, Province of N. Carolina 159 Jack of Newbury, Chiswell Street 160 Hope and Anchor,''Cabel St. Liverpool 161 Union L., Charles Town, S. Carolina 162 L. of Regularity, Horse Shoe, Jermyn St. 163 The Star, Penzance in Cornwall 164 Eoyal Oak, Great Earl Street, Seven Dials 165 Duke St. Bennet, Norwich 166 Three Black Birds, Poregate St. Chester 167 The Swan, York Town, Virginia 168 The Twins, Norwich 169 Golden Lion, High St. Sunderland, Durham 170 Grand L. Frederick, Hanover 171 Bull and Dog, Chester 172 The Swan, Eiders Court, Cranbourn Alley, Leicester Fields 249 173 A Masters' L., Charlestown, South Carolina 174 Port Eoyal L., Carolina 175 St. A Croix; Danish Island, West Indies 176 White Horse, corner of New Burling- ton St. 218 177 Sea Captain's L., Kings Head, High St. Sunderland 178 Providence L., Rhode Island 179 Parliament Coffee House, Parlia- ment St. Parish of St. Mary, Jamaica The Star at Linn Eegis, Norfolk The Dove, Parish of St. Laurence, Norwich Feathers, King St. 7 Dials St. John's L. (P. Room), Newcastle- npon-Tyue -.The Sub, Shadwell Lodge of Eeotitude, Coach Maker's Arms, Long Acre 272 187 No. 2, St. John's L., Ann St. New York 231 188 Flower in Hand, Parish of St. Mary, Norwich 189 Pope's Head, South Side St. Plymouth 190 Duke of Beaufort, on the Quay, Bristol 186 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 211 195 196 213 197 214 248 198 199 200 201 203 205 206 207 208 209 210 250 216 217 224 221 219 222 223 180 181 182 226 225 183 184 227 229 185 186 232 233 Constituted Feb. 14 1754 March 2 1754 March 4 March 28 March 29 April 5 1754 1754 1754 1754 April 13 May 15 1754 1754 June 4 1754 Aug. 1754 Sept. 1754 1754 Oct. 29 Nov. 2 Dec. 14 1754 1754 1754 Feb. 4 Feb. 7 1755 1755 Feb.' 15 March 2 March 1755 1755 1756 April 5 April 15 May 3 May 5 1755 1755 1755 1755 June 14 June 17 1755 1755 Jnne 17 June 24 1755 1755 Aug. 1 Sept. 10 Oct. 7 1755 1755 1755 Nov. 25 Deo. 2 Jan. 20 1755 1755 1756 March 22 1756 Sept. 15 Dec. 2 1756 1756 1756 Jan. 14 1757 Jan. 18 Feb. 14 1757 1757 Feb. 17 Feb. 21 March 23 1757 1757 1757 May 4 Oct. 13 1757 1757 Oct. 31 Dec. 20 1757 1757 Dec. 27 1757 Feb. 18 1758 Ma.roh 1 March 8 1758 1758 64 THE FOUR OLD LODGES. No. 1756-69 307 249 308 250 No. and Kame 1770. St. James's Lodge, Barbadoes L. of Bombay, East Indies Corinthian L., Thistle and Crown, Russell Ct. Drury Lane Sea Capts. L., Swan, Yarmouth Marine L., Bunch of Grapes, Pore St. Plymouth Dock Sun, Newton Abbott, Devonshire Angel, West Town of Crediton, Devon Crown, Prescot St. Windsor Temple Lodge, 3 Queens, Thomas St. Bristol Feathers in the Strand King's Head, Canterbury Queen of Bohemia's Head, Wyoh St. St. Clements Mariners L., St. Andrews, nr. the Her- mitage Guy Earl of Warwick, Gray's Inn Lane Golden Lion, nr. the Bridge at Leeds St. David's L., Eagle and Child, and Holywell, N. Wales. The 8th L. at Calcutta Caledonian L., Boar's Head, East- cheap Square and Compasses, Whitehaven Sun, Darlington, Yorkshire Union L., Crow Lane, Bermuda All Saints' L., Wooler, Northumber- land St. George's L., Bear, Exeter Green Man, Ipswich Royal Frederick, Rotterdam Hole in the Wall, Colne, Lane. George, Digbeth St. Birmingham A Private Room, Appledore, Devon, shire Sommerset Honse L., the King's Arms, New Bond St. Merchants' L., Quebec > St. Andrew's L., Quebec St. Patrick's Lodge, Quebec A L. at Montreal On Board H.M.S. Canceaux, at Quebec Select L., Quebec In the 52nd Regt. of Foot, at Quebec Globe, High St. Salop Fleece, Barnstaple E. India Arms, Deal Duke's Head, Lynn Regis, Norfolk L. of Inhabitants, Gibraltar Green Dragon, Workington, Cumber, land Paladin L., Green Dragon, Hereford King's Arms, Portsmouth Door to Virtue, Heldersham, Ger- many Feathers, Market Place, Nottingham St. Mark's L., S. Carolina University L., Sun, Cambridge Black Bull, Hexham, Northumberland L. of Regularity, St. John's Hall, Black River, Mnsequeto Shore L. of Perfect Union, Chippenham Blue Bell, Richmond, Yorks] City of London, Dover Stubbington, near Litchfield, Hants. The Castle, Duncow Lane, Durham L. of Amity up ye river Belisle, Bay of Honduras Bull, Burnley, Lane. Union L., Ben Jonson's Head, Good- man's Yard, Great Minoriea R. Mecklinbnrg, Cook, New St., St. James Saracen's Head, Chelmsford 238 191 234 192 235 193 236 194 237 195 240 196 241 197 244 198 245 199 246 200 253 201 254 202 255 203 257 204 258 205 286 206 275 207 260 208 261 209 263 210 266 211 268 212 269 213 270 214 271 215 276 216 273 217 274 218 279 219 277 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 280 227 281 228 282 229 283 230 285 231 289 232 290 233 291 234 312 235 292 236 299 237 293 238 295 239 900 240 296 241 297 242 301 243 302 244 304 245 309 246 305 247 306 248 Constituted No. 1756-79 Ifo. a March 20 1758 313 251 March 24 1758 Aug. 6 1758 311 252 Jan. 1 1759 347 253 Jan. 2 1759 314 315 254 255 March 17 1759 316 256 April 21 1759 317 257 June 6 1759 318 258 July 2 1759 319 320 259 260 Aug. 24 1759 321 261 Jan. 14 1760 Jan. 16 1760 322 325 262 263 Nov. 27 1760 326 264 Jan. 8 1761 327 265 Jan. 13 1761 328 329 266 267 Feb. 7 1761 330 268 March 9 1761 334 269 331 270 May 4 1761 332 271 June 19 1761 333 272 Sept. 17 1761 335 273 Jan. 1 1763 336 274 Jan. 20 1762 338 275 Jan. 21 1762 339 276 Jan. 25 1762 340 277 Feb. 4 1762 341 278 Feb. 23 1762 342 279 March 8 1762 343 280 344 281 May 22 1762 357 358 282 283 1762 360 345 346 348 349 352 353 284 285 286 287 288 289 290 May 28 1762 354 291 May 28 1762 355 292 June 8 1762 356 293 June 9 1762 350 294 July 12 1762 351 295 Sept. 22 1762 361 362 296 297 Oct. 12 1762 Nov. 2 1762 363 298 Deo. 27 1762 365 299 Jan. 31 1763 364 300 Feb. 8 1763 March 1 1763 366 301 March 8 1763 367 302 March 8 1763 376 303 May 1763 368 304 May 4 1763 371 305 Aug. 2 1763 Aug. 6 1763 369 306 Sept. 8 1763 370 307 Sept.i 21 1763 373 308 Cot. 9 1763 374 309 Nov. 7 1763 375 310 Nov. 28 1763 377 311 Jan. 18 1764 381 312 No. and Name 1770. Royal L., Thatched Honse, St. James St., late the new L. at the Horn Royal Edwin L., Lyme Regis, Dorset La Sagesse, St. Andrew's, Granadoes Vitrurian L., Ross, Herefordshire St. George L., Taunton Swan, Kendall, Westmoreland Half Moon, Harwich Nag's Head, Lymington, Hants The Ship, Favershara Salutation, Topsham, Devon King's Arms, St. Margaret's Hill, Southwark The Club Inn, Isle of Ely, Cambridge- shire Caledonian Lodge, Half Moon, Cheap- side Swan, Bridgewater Bear, Goodman's Fields Rose, Sittingbourn, Kent Crown, Swafham, Norfolk Angel, Minories Blue Lion and Ball, Red Lion Square French L., Horn, Doctors Commons Cook, Snow Hill Tuscan L., Fountain, Snow Hill Operative Masons, George, Wardour- Street, Soho Black Horse, Shug Lane Lion and Lamb, Pool in Dorsetshire Corinthian L., White Hart, Strand Crown and Rose, Sheffield At Alorst, Flanders White Horse, Coventry Queens Head, Chelsea Red Lion, Rye in Sussex Blue Boar, Norwich Red Lion, Pakenham, Norfolk Ship, St. Ives, Cornwall Dukes Head, Robinson's Lane, Chelsea L. at Joppa, Baltimore C, Maryland Greyhound and Shakespeare, Bath L. No. 1., St. Hilary, Jersey Woolpack, Warrington, Lane. L. No. 1, Madras L. No. 2, do. L. No. 3, do. L. No. 1, Benooolen New Inn, Milksham, Wilts Tortola and Beef Island George and Crown, Wakefield King's Arms, Punch Horse, Shad Thames English Lodge at Bordeaux, have met since ye year 1732 The Dolphin, at Shoreham Operative Masons, Crown, Crown Street, Westminster Black Lion, Greenwich White Hart, Lewes, Sussex Immortality of ye Order, Crown and Anchor, Strand Assyrian L., Swan, Oxford Road Fleece, Well Court, Queen Street, Cheapside Blue Bell, Fisher Street, Carlisle Union L., St; Peter's Ohurohyara, Exeter King's Head, Islington Black Horse, Oxenden Street, Hay- market La Lodge de Sagesse at Havre en France Ships Masters' L., Valiant Soldier, Exeter Stax, Watergate Street, Chester Constituted April 4 1764 April 6 1764 May 1 1764 May 3 1764 July 13 1764 July 31 1764 Aug. 9 1764 Aug. 16 1764 Aug. 28 1764 Aug. 30 1764 Oct. 23 1764 Oct. 23 1764 Nov. 15 1764 Dec. 4 1764 Dec. 11 1764 Deo. 17 1764 Jan. 8 1765 Jan. 22 1765 Jan. 29 1764 Jan. 29 1765 Jan. 29 1765 Mar. 13 1765 Mar, 22 1765 April 1 1765 April 16 1765 April 19 1765 June 5 1765 June 20 1765 June 29 1765 July 10 1765 July 16 1765 July 17 1765 August 8 1765 Sept. 20 1765 Nov. 8 1765 Dec. Dec. Feb. Feb. 7 21 15 22 1765 1766 1766 1766 Mar. 8 1766 April May 18 17 1766 1766 May May June 26 29 16 1766 1766 1766 June July 23 26 1766 1766 Aug. Aug. 1 6 1766 1766 Sep. Sep. 10 16 1766 1766 Oct. 8. L1766 Oct. 31 1766 Nov. 28 1766 THE FOUR OLD LODGES. 65 Constituted May 12 1768 May June 21 11 1768 1768 July 1768 July 1763 July July Sept. Oct. 13 13 30 1763 1768 1768 1768 No. 1756-69 Ko> and Name 1770. 378 313 379 380 382 314 315 316 383 817 384 318 385 319 386 320 387 321 388 322 323 390 324 391 325 392 326 893 327 394 328 395 329 417 330 396 331 397 332 398 338 399 334 400 335 401 336 402 337 403 338 404 339 405 340 406 341 407 342 408 343 409 344 410 345 411 346 412 347 413 348 349 41S 350 414 351 416 352 418 353 354 419 355 420 356 422 357 423 358 St. Nicholas L. (F, Boom), Newoastle. upon-Tyno Sion L. (P. Room), North Shields Crown and Thistle, near Tower Hill h. of Peace, Rose and Crown, Thames Street Blaokfryars' Bridge L., Kia^a Aims, Bennet Street, Sonthwark L. of Zeal, Ship and Dolphin, Temple Bar Golden Fleece, Near ye Market Cross, Manchester Golden Lion, Chatham Hart, Folkestone, Kent Grenoble in France Fort St. George, E. Indies The Constitution, Bedford Street, CoTent Garden L. of Truth, Crown, Silver Street, Golden Square Blue Posts, Peter Street, Westminster Three Lions, Marlborough, in Heasia Crown and Cushion, Parker Street, Lincoln's Tnn Fields L. of Unity, Black Earen, Tooley St., Southwark E. York of ye Friendship at Berlin, Middle Mark of Brandenburg The George, Gt. Chapel St. Soho British Society L., at Br. Ghillinis in Newman St. Soho The Crown, Newcaatle-nnder-line Fortune of War, Thames St. British Union, Rotterdam Kings Head, Hampstead Three Pillars, Rotterdam Eoyal White Hart L., Halifax, N. Carolina Crown and Anchor, Turnagain Lane, Snow Hill The Castle, Dartmouth, Devon Sussex Coffee House, W. Smithfield L. of Amity, Canton in China All Souls L., Tiverton, Devon Ship, Leadenhall Street Cornnbian L., Launceston, Cornwall L. of Liberty, Eiver Lee Tay., Lime- house Bridge L. St. Amphibalus, St. Albans White Lion, Mansfield Pen's Coffee House, Castle St., Lei- cester Fields Eagle and Child, Holyhead, N. Wales Lodge at Monmouth Builders L., White Lion, Shadwell Market Union L., Union Coffee House, Picca- dilly Ninth'Lodge of India, at Patna Le Viotoire, Eotterdsun Castle Inn, Kingston on Thames Sun, Lndgate St. L. Sincerity, Golden Anchor, Arti- choke Lane, near Virginia St. No. Ko.i Constituted 175S.69 Nov. 29 1766 424 359 Nov. 29 1766 42S 360 Deo. 4 1766 426 361 Deo. 19 1766 427 362 Feb. 6 1767 363 Feb. 16 1767 429 364 1767 430 365 431 366 Feb. 17 1767 432 367 March 16 1767 March 18 1767 433 368 April 11 1767 434 369 1767 435 370 436 371 May 21 1767 437 372 June 17 1767 438 373 June 18 1767 439 374 June 24 1767 440 375 441 376 June 26 1767 442 377 443 378 444 379 June 30 1767 445 380 July 1 1767 44S 381 Aug. 1 1767 447 382 Aug. 5 1767 Aug. 21 1767 448 383 Aug. 21 1767 449 384 385 Sept. 11 1767 386 387 Sept. 15 1767 388 Oct. 18 1767 389 390 Got. 24 1767 Nov. 27 1767 391 Dec. 15 1767 892 Dec. 15 1767 393 Deo. 21 1767 394 Jan. 8 1768 1768 395 396 Jan. 25 1768 397 Jan. 27 1768 Feb. 8 1768 398 399 March 5 1768 March 11 1768 400 March 17 1768 March 24 1768 401 April 9 1768 April 23 1768 '402 403 End op 1 770 List. Ko. and Name 1770. Jerusalem L., White Hart, Bemick St. Soho Windsor Castle, Hammersmith H.M. 24th Eegt. of Foot, Gen. Corn- wallis, at Gibralter Constant Union, City of Grand Flanders Tenth L. of India, at Factory, Bnrd- wan Castle, Marlborough St. Mary's Island, Soilly King's Arms, Blaokwall Grange Inn, Cary St. Lincoln's Inn Fields L. of Perfect Union, His Sicilian Maj.'s Reg. of Foot, Naples L. of Eaperanoe, King's Head, Gerards St. Soho Coach Maker's Arms, Noble St. Sun L., City of Flushing, Province of Zealand L. of Hope, Queen's Head, Mary-le- Bone White Lion and Frying Pan, South- wark Exeter Inn, Teignmouth, Devon White Swan, facing Old Gravel Lane L. of Unity, Ship Tavem.Ratolifif Cross B. George L., Newton Abbott Beafort L.„Star, Swansea Well Chosen L. in Naples L. of Virtue, Sadler's Arms, Bath Nag's Head, Merton, Surrey L. of Hospitality, Shakespere, King St. Bristol Bacchus, Halifax, Torkshire The Horns, Gutter Lane, Cheapside No. 1, Sweden No. 2, Sweden No. 3, Sweden Swan, Neston, Cheshire L. of Harmony, Home, Drs. Commons L. of Sincerity, Three Crowns, Plymcnth L. of Alfred, University of Oxford Lodge of Truth, Ship, Water Lane, Tower St. Woolpaok, Manchester L. of Perfect Harmony, at Mens, Austrian Netherk,nds Angel, Warminster, Wilts Constitution L., Oxford L. of Friendship, Chnrch-road, Lime- house White Swan, Devizes, Wilts Hole in the Wall, Gt. Kirby St. Hatton Garden (called the L. of Prosperity) St. Charles de la Concord, City of Brunswick L. of Fortitude and Perseverance, Fox at Epsom Swan and Hoop, Cornhill L. of Temperance, Bury, Lano. Nov. Feb. 1768 1769 Feb. 6 1769 March 1 1769 March 24 April 4 AprU 11 April 20 AprU 26 June 6 June 28 Aug. 12 1769 1769 1769 1769 1769 1769 1769 1769 Aug. 18 1769 Oct. 27 1769 Nov. 23 1769 Dec. 2 1769 Dec. 16 1769 Jan. 20 1770 March 1 1770 March 17 1770 May 22 1770 May 23 1770 May 24 1770 July 28 1770 Sept. 20 1770 66 THE FOUR OLD LODGES. FROM 1775 LIST. 404 Eoyal Alfred L., Diss, Norfolk 405 New Inn, Christ Church, Hants 406 Hare and Honnda, Barnard Castle, Dnrham 407 Queen's L., Black Horse and Crown, Viotnalling OflBce Sq. 408 Jerusalem L., Jerusalem Tavern, Clerkenwell 409 L. of Industry, Ben Jonsou's Head, Shoe Lane 410 L. of Perfect Union, Leghorn 411 Grey Hound, Blandford, Dorset 413 L. of Sincere Brotherly Love, Leghorn 413 L. of Friendship, Hand and Bottle, Bridgnorth 414 L.' of Perfect Union, St. Petersburg, 415 Wynnstay L., Denbighshire 416 L. of Friendship, Bunch of Grapes,. Plymouth Dock 417 Eoyal Oak, Vauxhall 418 Union L., Kingston, Jamaica, No. 2 419 Harmony L., do. do. No. 3 420 St. James's L., Montego Bay, do.. No. 4 421 Union L. St. James's Parish, do.. No. 5 •J- 22 New Lodge, Carlisle 423 Plough, Whitby, Yorkshire 424 Marlboro L., Fort Marlboro, E. Indies 425 L. of Vigilance, Island of Grenada 426 L. of Discretion, do. do. 427 Torbay L., Paignton, Devon 428 Union L., St. Eustatia, W. Indies 429 L. of Candour, Strasbourg 430 L. of Freedom, King's Head, Maiden, Esses 431 L. of Friendship, Bull, Wrotham, Kent 432 Bose Tav., Cambridge 433 Eose and Bunch of Grapes, Snowfield, Southwark 434 L. at Spreighta Town, Barbadoea 435 L. of Concord, Antigua 436 L. Unanimity, Half Moon, Holborn 437 R. Edmund L., Bury St. Edmunds 438 Union L., Venice 439 L. at Varona 440 L. of Liberty, Kings Arms, Vaux Hall 441 5th L. of Bengal at Decca 442 6th L. of Bengal, Calcutta 443 7th L. of Bengal, with the 1st Brigade 444 8th L. of Bengal, with 3rd Brigade Constituted July 26 1770 445 Nov. 23 1770 446 447 448 Jan. 26 1771 449 450 Feb. 2 1771 451 452 March 19 1771 453 454 March 20 1771 455 March 28 1771 456 April 10 1771 457 April 20 1771 458 459 June 1 1771 460 Aug. 31 1771 461 Sept. 21 1771 462 Oct. 12 1771 463 464 465 466 Feb. 3 1772 Feb. 10 1772 467 Feb. 15 1772 468 March 2 1772 469 April 4 1772 470 May 2 1772 471 June 4 1772 472 June 19 1772 473 July 6 1772 Oct. 10 1772 474 475 476 Nov. 21 1772 477 Nov. 27 1772 Nov. 28 1772 478 Deo. 5 1772 Oct. Nov. 16 6 1773 1773 Nov. 6 1773 Nov. Feb. 29 19 1773 1774 Feb. 24 March 19 1774 1774 479 480 Gonstitnted 9th L. of Bengal, with 2nd Brigade Union L., Kingston Jamaica, No. 6 April 23 1773 Beaufort L., Kingston, Jamaica, No. 7 L. at Detroit, Canada Union L., Taunton June 7 1773 Apollo L., York July 31 1773 L.ofJehosopaphat, White Hart, Bristol Aug. 14 1773 10th L. of Bengal, Muxadavad 11th L. of Bengal, Calcutta Eising Sun L., Chester Sep. 21 1773 St. John's Lodge, Newmarket Lodge at Gateshead, Durham Williamsburg L., Williamsburg, Virginia Botetourt L., Botetourt, Virginia L. Frederick Cassel, Germany L. of Good Friends, Eoseau, Dominica L. of Liberty and Sincerity, Bridge- water Punch Bowl, Leigh, Lane. Eoyal Military L., Crown and Anchor, Woolwich Parfaite Egalite Lyonnese, 3 Old April 18 1774 Tongues, Spittlefields ~ Unity L. No. 2, Savannah Georgia L. of ye 9 Muses, No. 1, at Peters. burgh, in Bussia L. of ye Muse Urania, No. 2 at do. L. of Bellona, No. 3 at do. L. of Mars, No. 4 at Yassy in Enssia L. of ye Muse Clio, No. 5, at Moscow in Enssia St. Bede's L., at the King of Prussia, May 7 1774 South Shields, Sunderland L. of Harmony, Guernsey Benevolent L., Wildman, Middleham, Nov. 1 1774 Yorks L. of Harmony, Monkwearmouth Nov. 22 1774 Lodge des Amis, Eennis, Turks Head, Nov. 24 Gerard St. Soho Dumovarian L., King's Arms, Dor- Jan. 23 1775 Chester Helvetiok Union L., Pan's Head Tav. Cateaton St. Sun and Sector, Workington, Cum- berland St. Jean de la Nouvelle, Bsperanoe, March 25 1775 Turin True and Faithful L,, Rose Inn, Jane :^3 1775 Dartford, Kent End op 1775 List. THE POUR OLD LODGES. 67 PROM 1778 LIST. 481 Granidiers L., Savannah, Georgia 482 12th L. of Bengal with ye 3rd Brigade 483 Green Island L., Jamaica 484 L. of Justice, Kings Head, Preston, Lane. 485 L. at Lucca, Hanover, Jamaica, No. 9 486 L. at Spanish Town, Jamaica, No. 10 487 Union L., Jamaica, No. 11 488 Union L., Detroit in Canada 489 Temple L., King St. Bristol 490 St. Andrew's L., Half Moon, Ckep- stone St. Marabone 491 L. of Harmony, White Horse, Bal- dook, Herts 492 King's Arms L., Kew, Surrey 493 Weymouth L., Weymouth 494 L. of Concord, Southa,mpton 495 Eoyal Oak L., Ripou- 496 L. of Unity, King's Head, Colchester 497 Cooper's Arms, Strntton Ground, Westminster 498 The Industrious L., Fleece, Canter- bury 499 St. Peter's L., Grapes, King St. St. James Square 500 Queen's Head, Penrith, Cumberland 501 Falcon, Gravesend 502 L. of ye nine Muses, Thatched House, St. James Street ,503 St. Michael's L., Marazion, Cornwall ,504 Union L., York Consfituted Deo. 28 1775 Feb. 6 1776 Feb. 28 1776 Mar. 1776 May 7 1776 June 6 1776 July 1 1775 June 22 1776 June 11 1776 Oct. 16 1776 Nov. 28 1776 Dec. 16 1776 March 25 1777 April 26 1777 Constituted 505 Social L., Horn, Braintree 506 Knoll L., Neath, Glamorganshire Sept. 20 1777 507 L. at Island of St. Nevis Nov. 28 1777 508 L. in the 6th or Inniskilling Regt. of Deo. 18 1777 Dragoons 509 Impregnable L., Sandwich 510 L. at Messina in Sicily May 12 1778 511 White Lion, Woolwich, Kent The remainder of this List (1770-80) from MS. 512 St. Peter's L.,Black Ball, Sonthwark Nov. 513 Northumberland L., Alnwick Mar. 514 Mariners L., White Bear, Basinghall June Street 515 L. of Independence, Swan, Eatcliff Aug. Highway 516 Pilgrim L., Mitre, Fleet Street Aug. 517 L. of Fortitude, Maidstone, Kent 518 L. of Unity, Dover 519 All Saints L., Rothbury, Northumber- Oct. land 520 L. in the Igt Regt. of Dragoon Guards Jan. 521 St. Hilda L., S. Shields Mar. 522 Merchants' L., Golden Lion, Dale St., Liverpool 523 Phcenir L. of Honour and Prndencej Jan. Red Lion, Tturo, Cornwall 524 L. of Liebau in Courland 525 L. at Naples Mar. 25 1778 24 1779 18 1779 7 1779 25 1779 26 1779 10 15 1780 1780 1 1780 6 1780 Nos. 141-43 on the 1756-69 numeration were fijled by Minorca Lodges up to 1766 j the Boston, Marblehead and Newhaven Lodges being only placed pn the roll in 1768. 68 THE FOUR OLD LODGES. LIST No. 16. List of Lodges 1781-91. Owing, no doubt, to the discontinuance of the engraved lists after 1779, the earlier official lists of this numeration (1781-91) published in the Freemasons' Calendar, are very incorrect. The following numbers and descriptions of Lodges are, therefore, taken from the Calendar for 1788, so far as it extends : the blanks, through lapse or erasure, being filled up from earlier lists of the same numeration. The lists for 1781-82 are, to a considerable extent, just one number behind the edition for 1788. The dia- crepancy first appears after No. 85 (Maid's Head, Norwich), which is the same in all editions. No. 86 is shown as the Bear and Eagged Staff, Norwich, in 1781, and as the Prince George Lodge, Plymouth, in 1788. The second Lodge of Boston, New England, No. 87 in 1781, is numbered 88 in 1788, and thenceforward the difference is, in the main, preserved. No. 432 (St. George, Doncaster), the last Lodge on the 1781 list, appearing as No 483 in 1788. No. No. and Name 1781-91. 1770.80 Time Immemokial. 1 1 Lodge of Antiquity, Freemasons' Tavern, Gt. Queen St., formerly the Goose and Gridiron, St. Paul's Church Yard 2 2 Somerset-house Lodge, Freemasons' Tavern 1721. LdSge of Friendship, Thatched-house Tavern, St, James' St. British Lodge, White-horse, King St. Golden Sqr. Tyrian Lodge, Angel Ihd, St. Giles's Church 1722. Lodge of Fortitude, Eoebnok, Oxford St. Tuscan Lodge, Freemasons' "Tavern, Gt. Queen St. Ionic Lodge, King's Arms, Brook St. Grosvenor Sqr. Dundee Arms Lodge (Their Private Room) Red Lion St. Wapping 1723. Kentish L. of Antiquity, Poet Office, Chatham King's Arms, Wandsworth Lodge of Emulation, Paul's Head Tavern, Cateaton Street Anchor and Baptist Head L,, Crown and Rolls, Chancery Lane The Fraternal Lodge, Mitre, Church Street, Greenwich Globe Lodge, Crown and Rolls, Chancery Lane United Traders, London Punch House, Ludgate Hill 1724. White Swan, St. Peter's, Norwich Three Tuns, Portsmouth Castle Lodge of Harmony, Horn, Doctors Commons Black Lion, Stooktou-upon-Tees, Durham 4 4 5 6 6 6 7 7 8 8 9 9 10 10 11 11 13 12 14 13 15 14 16 15 18 16 19 17 20 18 21 19 22 20 No. No. and Name 1781-91. 1770-80 1725. 23 21 The Globe, Fleet St. 24 22 Old King's Axms Lodge, Freemasons' Tavern, Great Queens St. 1727. 25 23 St. Alban's Lodge, Baxter's Tavern, Dover Street, Piccadilly 1728. 26 24 Lodge of Attention, Freemasons' Tavern 1729. 28 25 St. John's Lodge at Gibraltar 29 26 White Lion, Lynn Regis 1730. 30 27 Castle Lodge, White Swan, Mansel St. Goodman's Fields 31 28 The Corner Stone Lodge, Black Horse, Dean St. Oxford St. 33 29 Britannic Lodge, Star and Garter, Pall Mall 34 30 The Well-diaposed Lodge, at the Cock, Waltham Abbey 35 31 Lodge of Fortitude, Hamburgh Arms, East SmithjBield 1731. 36 32 Sociable Lodge, Horn Tav. Doc. Coma. 1732. 39 33 Medina Lodge, Vine Tav. W. Cowes, I. of Wight 42 34 Sir John Falataff, Old St. Road 43 35 King's Arms, Marybone St, Piccadilly 46 36 Anchor and Hope, Bolton-le-Moor, Lancashire 47 87 Sarum Lodge, a Private Room, George Court, High St. Salisbury 48 38 St.'John's Lodge, Half Moon, Fore Street, Exeter THE FOUR OLD LODGES. 69 No. mo-80 ei 63 64 65 67 Ko. and JTame 17S1-9I. 68 69 60 61 62 63 64 66 68 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 96 97 98 101 103 104 39 40 41 42 43 44 1733. Eoyal Cumberland Lodge, Bear InTi, Bath Lodge of Belief, Boar Head, Bury, Lano. St. Panl's Lodge, Freemason Tav. Birmingham Eoyal Exchange, Boston, in New England Valenciennes, French Flanders 1734. Strong Man, East Smithfield, Hermitage late the Ship, at the 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 1735. The Swan, Wolverhampton Coal-hole, Fountain Conrt, Strand The Stewards' Lodge, Freemasons' Tav., Gt. Qaeen's St. Lodge of Industry, Rose and Crown, Swallwell near Newcastle Solomau's Lodge, Charles Town, South Carolina Soloman'a Lodge, No. 1, Savannah, in Georgia The Angel, Colchester 1736. King's Head, Norwich Lodge of St. George de I'Observance, Globe, Titoh. field St. Constitutional Lodge, Greyhound, Kensington Sqr. Lodge of Brotherly Love, King's Head Tav. Holborn 1737. 56 Parham Lodge, Parham, Antigua 57 Black Swan, Brown's Lane, Spitalfields 58 Lodge of Felicity, Braund's Head, Bond St. 59 Vacation Lodge, Star and Garter, Paddington 60 Lodge of AfiFability, Bose and Crown, Kew Green 1738. 61 Lodge of Relief with Truth, Sun, Suffolk Street 62 Royal Chester Lodge, Feathers Inn, Bridge St. Chester 63 Bakers Lodge, St. Johns, Antigua 64 George, Gt. Bastcheap 65 TJnion Cross, Halifax, Torks 66 The Great Lodge, St. John's, Antigua 67 Lodge of Fortitude, White ;^Horse, Hanging Ditch Manchester 1739. 68 United City Lodge, India Warehouses, Penohurch St. 69 Mother Lodge, at Kingston, Jamaica, No. 1 70 Mother Lodge, Scotch Arms, at St. Christopher, Basseterre 87 71 Lodge of Sincerity, Ship, Stoney Lane, Tooley St. Southwark 72 Lodge of Peace and Plenty, Bed Lion, Horsleyd. Lane • 73 Grenadiers Lodge, Albemarle Arms, S. Audley St. 74 Philanthrophic L., Queen's Head, Grays Inn Gate 1740. 75 Lodge of Prudence, Griffin, Half;Moon St. Piccadilly 76 Bull, High St. Bristol 77 The 1st Lodge of Bengal, at Calcutta 78 St. Michael's Lodge in Barbadoes 1742. 79 Lodge of ITnityj Barn, St. Martina Lane 80 Old Road, St. Christopher's 81 The Union, Franckfort, in Germany 1743. 82 Prince George Lodge, George Town, Winyaw, S. Oaro- lina 1747. 83 The Qaeen's Head, Acle, Norfolk 84 A Lodge at St. Eustatius No. moso No 105 85 106 86 107 87 108 88 109 89 110 90 111 91 112 92 113 93 114 94 116 95 117 96 118 97 119 98 121 99 122 100 123 101 124 102 125 103 126 104 127 105 128 106 129 107 133 108 134 109 135 110 136 111 137 112 139 113 140 114 141 115 143 116 144 117 146 118 147 119 150 120 152 121 153 122 154 123 155 124 156 125 157 126 158 127 160 128 161 129 162 130 164 131 165 132 166 133 167 134 168 135 169 136 170 137 171 138 No. and Name 1781-91. 1748. Maid's Head, Norwich Prince George Lodge, Plymouth 1749. The Red Cow, Norwich Second Lodge, Boston, New England, Br. Ooffee.b., King St. No. 1, Halifax, in Nova Scotia Black Bear, Cambridge 1730. Marblehead Lodge, in Massachusets Bay, New England St. Christopher's, at Sandy Point Newhaven Lodge, in Connecticut, New England 1751. The Unicorn, St. John, Maddermarket, Norwich Lodge of Love and Honor, Royal Standard, Falmouth The Little Angel, Gt. Yarmouth, Norfolk King's Head, West St. Gravesend Sea Captains' Lodge, Nags Head, Leadenhall St. 1752. St. John's Lodge, Bridge Town,SBarbadoea George Lodge, Rose and Crown, Downing Street, Westminster At Chardenagore, Chief French Settlement, Bengal, E. Indies At Madras, in East Indies St. Peter's Lodge, Barbadoes 1753. Old Cumberland Lodge, King and Queen, Oxford St. Foundation Lodge, Freemason's Tavern, Gt. Queen St. United Lodge of Prudence, Griffin, Half Moon Street, Piccadilly Lily Tavern, Guernsey Lodge of St. Mary-le-bone, Kings Head, Prince's St. Cavendish Sq. Church Style, St. Peter's Mancroft, Normoh Evangelist's Lodge at Monserratt Legs of Man, at Prescot, Lancashire Royal Exchange, Norfolk in Virginia 1754. Druid's L. of Love and Liberality, Redruth, Cornwall Rose and Crown, Crown St. Westminster Red Cow, St. Giles, Norwich Black Bear, Cambridge Angel and Porter, Golden Lane, Barbican St. Michael's L., City of Schwerin, Mecklenbnrgh Sadlers Arms, Swallow St. No. 2 at St. Eustatius Chequers, Charing Cross Ancient French L., King's Arms, Grafton St. L. of Unanimity, Badwaith'a Tav., Manchester 1755. L. in Ld. Anoram's Reg. of Dragoons No. 8, K. 0. Regt. of Foot Gloucester L., George and Blue Boar, Holborn L. at Wilmington, North Carolina Sea Captains' L., Coffee House, Liverpool Union L., Charles Town, S. Carolina L. of Regularity, Thatch'd House, St. James St. L. of Freedom and Ease, Black Horse, opposite Catherine St. Strand King's Head, Walsingham, Norfolk Boot, Eastgate St. Chester The Swan, York Town, Virginia The Fountain, Norwich Phoenix Lodge, Sunderland, Durham Grand Lodge, Frederick, at Hanover Plume of Feathers, Chester 70 THE FOUR OLD LODGES. No. Mo. a 1770.80 172 139 173 140 174 141 175 142 176 143 177 144 178 145 179 146 180 147 182 148 183 149 184 150 185 151 187 152 188 153 189 154 190 155 191 156 192 157 193 158 194 159 195 160 196 161 197 162 202 163 201 164 205 165 206 166 207 167 208 168 209 169 210 170 211 171 213 172 214 173 215 174 216 175 217 176 220 177 221 178 222 179 223 180 224 181 225 182 226 183 229 184 230 185 231 186 233' 187 235 188 236 189 237 190 239 191 240 192 242 193 243 194 245 195 246 196 Mo. and Manic 1781-91. 1756. St. David's L., New Hog in the Pound, Oxford St. A Masters' Lodge, Charlea-town, South Carolina Port Eoyal Lodge, Carolina Lodge of St. George, Island St. Au Croix, West Indies Burlington Lodge, Blue Posts, K, St. Carnaby Mkt. 1757. Sea Captains' Lodge, King's Head, Sunderland Providence Lodge, Rhode Island Shakespear, Coveut Garden St. Mary's Lodge, St. Mary's Island, Jamaica Castle and Lion, Norwich Fountain, Broad Street, Carnaby Market St. John's L., P. E., Newoastle-ou-Tyne White Lion at Shadwell No. 2, St. John's Lodge, Anne St. New York 1758. Johnson's Coffee Honse, Norwich Lodge of Unity, King's Arms, Plymouth Beaufort Lodge, Shakespear, Princes St. Bristol St. James's Lodge, Barbadoes Lodge at Bombay, Bast Indies Corinthian L., Golden Lion, Church St. Soho 1759. Sea Captain's L., Swan, Yarmouth Lodge of Fortitude, Dolphin Inn, Plymouth Dock The Sun, Newton Abbot, Devonshire Angel, West Town of Crediton, Devon 1760. London L., London Coffee House, Ludgate Hill L. of Unity, White Hart, Holborn 1761. Golden Lion, Leeds, in Yorkshire St. David's L., White Horse, Holywell, N; Wales The 2nd L. of Bengal at Calcutta Caledonian L., King's Head, Poultry Square and Compass, Whitehaven, Cumberland Bestoration Lodge, P.Br Darlington Union Lodge, Crow Lane, Bermuda 1762. St. George's Lodge, Globe Inn, Exeter British Union Lodge, Golden Lion, Ipswich, Suffolk Royal Frederick, Rotterdam Royal Lancashire L., at the Hole in the Wall, Colne, Lancashire St. Alban's L., Freemasons' Tavern, Birmingham Merchant's Lodge, at Quebec St. Andrew's Lodge, at Quebec St. Patrick's Lodge, at Quebec A Lodge at Montreal On board His Majesty's Ship Canceaux, at Quebec Select Lodge, at Quebec In 52nd Regt. Foot, at Quebec Royal Navy Lodge, Three King's Inn, Deal Lodge of Friendship, Crown, Lynn Regis, Norfolk Lodge of Inhabitants, Gibraltar Palladian Lodge, Swan and Falcon, Hereford The Door to Virtue, at Heldesham, Germany 1763. Union Lodge, Flying Horse, Nottingham St. Mark's Lodge, South Carolina Lodge of Amity, Bush Inn, Hexham, Northumberland L. of Regularity, St. John's Hall, Black River, Musquito Shore Old Black Bull, Richmond, Yorkshire Lodge of True Friendship, Dover Marquis of Granby Lodge, P.R., Old Elvit, Durham Lodge of Amity, St. George's Quay, Honduras mo- 1770-80 247 248 249 250 251 253 255 256 257 258 259 260 261 262 263 264 267 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 Mo. and Mame 1781-91. 197 White Bull, Burnley, Lancashire 198 Union L., Marquis of Granby, St. Cath. near the Tower 199 Royal Mecklenburg Lodge, White Lion Inn, Croydon, Surrey 1764. Saracen's Head, Chelmsford, Essex Royal L., Thatched Honse, St. James St. (late the new L. at the Horn, St. James Street, Westminster) Sa Sagesse, St. Andrews, Grenadoes St. George's L.," Taunton White Lion, Kendal St. Nicolas Lodge, Swan, Harwich White Hart, Eingwood, Hants The Red Lion, Peversham Salutation, Topsham, Devonshire Horseshoe and Magpie, Worcester St. Park, Sonthwark Philharmonic Lodge, Bell, Isle of Ely, Cambridgeshire Caledonian Lodge, Freemasons Tavern, Great Queen St. Swan Inn, Bridgewater, Somersetshire The Crown, Swafham, Norfolk 1765. L. of St. John the Evan., K. Arms, Grafton St., Soho L. of Happiness, The Swan, New St. Sq., Shoe Lane Tuscan L., King's Head, Holborn Operative Masons, Cannon, Portland Eoad Gothic L., Crown, Tufton St., Westminster Old Antelope, Pool, Dorset Corinthian L., White Hart, Windmill Street Tontine, Sheffield At Alorst in Flanders St. George's L., Stratford Coffee House L. of Friendship and Justice, Lamberhurat, Kent Three Tuns, Thorpe, Norwich White Hart, Thetford, Norfolk Ship, St. Ives, Cornwall St. Luke's L., Don Saltero's Coffee Houae, Chelsea Lodge at Joppa in Baltimore, Maryland Lodge of Perfect Friendship, White Hart Inn and Tav. Bath A Lodge, No. 1, at St. Hilary in Jersey The Swan at Warrington, Lancashire Lodge No. 1, Madras ,. No. 2, „ No. 3, „ Lodge No- 1, Bencoolen Tortola and Beef Island 1766. Lodge of Unanimity, George and Crown, Wakefield, Yorkshire Kings Arms, Piinoh-honse, Shad Thames English Lodge at Bordeaux (have met since the year 1732) Bedford Lo.ige, Thistle and Crown, Rnasell Court, Covent Garden Assyrian L., Swan, Oxford Street Black Ball, Carlisle Union L., Globe, St. Peter's Churchyard, Exeter Patriotic Lodge, Greyhound, Croydon. Shipmasters' Lodge, Valiant Soldier, Exeter The Star Lodge, Chester St. Nicolas Lodge, Newcastle-upon-Tyne Sion Lodge, Private Room, North Shields Lodge of True Fellowship, Seven Stars, Bromley 1767. Angel, Upper Ground, Christ Ch., Sonthwark Lodge of Integrity, Bull's Head Inn, Manchester Union Lodge, Rising Sun, Bristol At Grenoble, in France At Fort St. George, East Indies L. of Morality, Ship, Wardour St. Soho Three Lions, Marborongh, in Hessia Bedford Head, Upper K. St. Bloomsbnry 269 214 271 215 272 216 273 217 274 218 275 219 276 220 277 221 278 222 280 223 281 224 282 225 283 226 284 227 285 228 286 229 287 230 288 231 289 232 290 233 291 234 292 235 293 236 295 237 296 238 297 239 298 240 300 241 30i 242 306 243 307 244 309 245 311 246 312 247 313 248 314 249 315 250 317 251 319 252 320 253 322 254 823 255 326 256 327 257 328 258 THE FOUR OLD LODGES. 71 No. 1770-80 329 330 334 335 336 337 338 341 342 343 345 346 349 350 354 355 358 359 360 361 362 363 365 367 368 369 370 ITo. aiul Mamc 1781-91. 259 260 261 262 263 264 265 266 267 268 269 270 271 272 273 274 275 276 277 278 279 280 281 282 288 284 285 371 286 372 287 373 288 874 289 376 290 377 291 378 292 379 293 380 294 381 295 382 296 383 297 384 298 385 299 386 300 387 301 388 302 390 303 391 304 393 305 394 306 396 307 397 308 399 309 400 310 401 311 403 312 404 313 405 314 406 315 407 316 408 317 409 318 410 319 411 320 412. 321 413 322 L. of Union, Three Jolly Hatters, Bermondsey St. Eoyal York of the Friendship at Berlin, Middle Mark of Brandenburg Angel, Angel St. St. Martin's-le-Grand British Union, Hotterdam St. John's L., Long Room, Harapstead Three Pillars, Rotterdam Eoyal White Hart L., Halifax, N. Carolina L. of Amity, White Horse, Preston, Lano. L.' of Amity, Private Room, Canton, China All Souls Lodge, Tiverton, Devon L. of Contentment, General Wolfe, Plymonth Dock L. of Friendship, Angel, Ilford, Essex 1768. L. of Concord, Swan, New St. Covent Gd. Mona Lodge, Kg's Head, Holyhead The Third Lodge of Bengal, at Patna Le Victoire, Rotterdam L. of Sincerity, Old Ball's Head, Rotherhithe Jerusalem L., King St. Golden Square Caveac L., Angel, Hammersmith H.M. 24.th Regt. of Foot, Genl. Cornwallig at Gibraltar Constant Union, City of Ghent, Flanders The 4th Lodge of Bengal, at Burdwau Godolphin Lodge, St. Mary's Island, Scilly Manchester L., Swan, Butcher Row L. of Perfect Union, in His Sicilian Maj. Regt. of Foot, Naples L. Esperanoe, Thatched House, St. James St. Queen Charlotte's L., Coach Makers Arms, Noble St. 1769. Sun L., Flushing, Province of Zealand Three Tuns, Stourbridge, Worcester L. of Haippiness, Ship, Radoliffe Cross Exeter Inn, Teignmonth, Devon L. of Unity, King Henry's Head, E. Lion St. White- church Royal George Lodge, Newton Abbot Beaufort Lodge, Swansea Well-chosen Lodge, Naples Lodge of Virtue, York House, Bath Inflexible Lodge, White Hart, Mitcham, Surrey L. of Hospitality, George Inn, Bristol Bacchus, Halifax, Yorkshire Two Giants, Corner of Ch. St., St. John's, Sonthwark No. 1 at Sweden No. 2 at Sweden No. 3 at Sweden Golden Lion, Neston, Cheshire Lodge of Sincerity, Rose and Crown, Plymouth Lodge of Alfred, in the University of Oxford »Lodge of St. John, Fleece Tavern, Manchester 1770. h. of Perfect Harmony, at Mons, Austrian Netherlands Constitutional Lodge, at Oxford L. of Friendship, Bunch of Grapes, Lime-house Hole L. of Prosperity, Globe Tav. St. Saviour's Churchyard, Southwark St. Charles de la Concord, City of Brunswick L. of Fortitude and Perseverance, Spread Eagle, Epsom L. of Temperance, Boar's Head, near Bury, Lane. Eoyal Alfred Lodge, Kings Head, Diss, Norfolk White Hart, Christ Church, Hants L. of Concord, Private Room, Barnard Castle, Durham 1771. Queen's Lodge, K. Head Tav. Fenchuroh St. Jerusalem L., Crown, Clerkenwell Green L. of Industry, Bon jonson's Head, Shoe Lane L. of Perfect Union, Leghorn L. at Blandford, Dorset L. of Sincere Brotherly Love, Leghorn L. of Friendship, Hand and Bottle, Bridgenorth No. 1770-80 414 415 416 417 418 419 420 421 422 423 424 425 426 427 428 429 430 431 433 434 435 436 Ho. and Naxnc 1781-91. 323 324 325 326 327 328 329 330 331 332 338 334 335 336 337 338 339 340 341 342 343 344 437 345 438 346 439 347 440 348 441 349 442 350 443 351 444 352 445 353 446 354 447 355 448 356 449 357 450 358 451 359 452 360 453 361 454 362 455 363 456 364 457 365 458 366 459 367 460 368 461 369 462 370 463 371 465 372 466 373 467 374 468 375 469 376 470 377 471 378 472 379 473 380 474 381 476 382 477 383 478 384 479 385 480 386 481 387 482 388 L. of Perfect Union, St. Petersburgh Wynnstay Lodge, Bowling Green, Oswestry, Shropshire L. of Friendship, Plume Feathers, Fore St. Plymouth Dock Hiram's Cliftonian L., Angel, WardourSt. * Junior Lodge, Kingston, No. 2, Jamaica Harmony Lodge, Kingston, No. 3, do St. James's Lodge, Montego Bay, No. 4, do Union Lodge, St. James's Parish, No. 5, do Lodge of Harmony, Carlisle, Cumberland 1772. Britannic Lodge, Plough, Whitby, Yorks Marlborough Lodge, Fort Marlborough, E. Indies L. of Vigilance, Island of Grenada L. of Discretion, do. Torbay Lodge; Crown and Anchor, Paignton, Devon Union Lodge, St. Enstatius, W. Indies L. of Candour, Strasbourg L. of Freedom, Bull, Maiden L. of Priendship, Oxford Arms, Deptford White Hart, St. Thomas, Sonthwark Lodge of Speight's Town, Barbadoes L. of Concord, Antigua L. of Unanimity, Pavior's Arms, near Blue Gate, E, Ratoliif Highway Eoyal Edmund L., Bury St. Edmunds Union Lodge, Venice Lodge at Verona L. of Liberty, King's Arms, Vauxhall The 5th Lodge of Bengal, Dacca ' The 6th Lodge of Bengal, Calcutta The 7th Lodge of Bengal, with the 1st Brigade The 8th Lodge of Bengal, with the 3rd Brigade The 9th'Lodge of Bengal, with the 2nd Brigade 1773. Union L., Kingston, Jamaica, No. 2 Beaufort L., Kingston, Jamaica, No. 7 Lodge at Detroit, in Canada Union L., Taunton, Somerset Apollo L., York L. of Jehosaphat, Eummer Tav. Bristol The 10th Lodge of Bengal, Muxadavad The 11th Lodge of Bengal, Calcutta Rising Sun L., Chester St. John's L., Newmarket It. of Union, P. Room, Gateshead, Dur. Williamsburgh L., Williamsburg, Virginia Botetourt Lodge, Botetourt, Virginia Lodge Frederick, Cassel, Germany L. of Good Friends, at Rousseau, Dominica 1774. L. of Liberty and Sincerity, Bridgwater, Somerset L. of Prudence, Boot and Shoe, Leigh, Lane. Royal Mil. L., Ship, Woolwich Unity L., No. 2, Savannah, Georgia L. of the 9 Muses, No. 1, Petersburgh, Russia L. of the Muse, Urania, No. 2, in Russia L. of Bellona, No. 3, in Russia L. of Mars, No. 4, at Yassy, in Russia L. of the Muse Clio, No. 5, at Moscow, in Euasia St. Bede's L., King of Prussia, S. Shields, Dur. L. of Harmony, Guernsey Benevolent L., Wild Man, Middleham, Yorks L. of Harmony, P. Room, Monkwearmouth Shore, Dur. 1775. Durnovarian L., Royal Oak, Dorchester Helvetic Union L., Parr's Head, Cateaton St. Sun and Sector, Workington, Cumberland St. Jean de Nouville JEsperanoe, Turin True and Faithful L., White Bear, W. Mailing, Kent Grenadiers Lodge, Savannah, Georgia The 12th Lodge of Bengal, with the 3rd Brigade 72 THE FOUR OLD LODGES. No. No. 1770-80 483 389 484 390 485 391 486 392 487- 393 488 394 489 395 490 396 491 397 492 398 493 399 494 400 495 401 496 402 497 403 498 404 499 405 600 406 501 407 502 408 503 409 504 410 505 411 506 412 507 413 608 414 509 415 510 416 611 417 512 418 513 419 514 420 515 421 516 422 517 423 618 424 519 425 520 426 521 427 522 428 523 429 524 430 525 431 432 433 434 435 436 437 488 439 440 441 No. and Name 1781-91. Green Island L., Green Island, No, 8, Jamaica L. of Justice, Preston, Lano. L. of Lnoca, PariBh of Hanover, No. 9, Jamaica L. at Spanish Town, Jamaica, No. 10 Union L., Savannah le Mar, No.'ll, Jamaica Union L., Detroit, Canada 1776. Temple L., Bath Chair Quay, Bristol St. Andrews, Bell St. James Market White Horse, Baldock, Herts L. of Peraeveranoe, Golden Fleece, Palace Yard Weymouth L., Weymonth L. of Concord, Guildhall, Southampton Koyal Oak Lodge, Boyal Oak, Rippon, Yorks Lodge of Unity, Eed Lion, Colchester L. of Honour, Coopers Arms, Strutton Ground, West- minster The Indaatrioua L., Kings Head, Canterbury St. Peter's Lodge, Bunch of Grapes, K. St., St. James's Black Bull, Penrith, Cumherland L. of United Friendship, Falcon Tavern, Graresend 1777. L. of the Nine Muses, Thatched House Tavern, St. James's St. St. Michaels L., Star Inn, Marazion, Cornwall Union L., Theatre Coffee House, Peter Gate, York Social L., White Hart, Booking, Essex The Knoll, Ship and Castle, Neath, Glamorganshire Lodge in the Island of Nevis L. in the 6th or Innis Killing Begiment of Dragoons Impregnable L., New Bose Inn, Sandwich 1778. L. at Messina in Sicily L. of Good Fellowship, Woolwich St. Peters L., Black Bull, Borough High St. 1779. Northumberland L., Bee Hive, Alnwick, Northumber- land Mariner's L., White Bear, Basinghall St. L. of Independence, Seven Stars, Eosemary Lane Pilgrim L., F.M.T. L. of Fortitude, Bell, Maidstone, Kent L. of Love and Unity, Chequers, Dover All Saints L., Eothbury, Northumberland 1780. L. of George, 1st Eegimont of Dragoon Guards St. Hilda's L. (P. Boom), S. Shields, Durham Merchants' L., Shakespear Tavern, Liverpool PhcBnix L. of Honor and Prudence, Eed Lion, Truro, Cornwall Lodge at Lieban in Courland Lodge at Naples St. Michael's L. (P. Boom), Alnwick, Northumberland St. George's L., Town Hall, Doncaster 1781. Alfred L., Wetherby, Yorks L. of Bnral Friendship, Angel Tavern, Edmonton Rodney L., Kingaton-upon-HuU Dalston, Cumberland L. of Friendship (P. Boom), Dartmouth, Devon L. of Reformation, Crown, Deptford La Loggia della Verita, Naples Hiram's L., Swan Tavern, Swan St. Minories 1782. St. George's E. York Militia L., East Biding, Key of York Militia L. of Science, Parade Coffee House, Salisbury Old British »nd Ligurian L., Genoa 442 443 444 No. and Name 17S1-91. 445 Sea Captain's L., Bush, Bristol 446 Volubian L. of Eegnlarity and Reputation, Palmontli 447 Mount Sinai L., St. John's, Antigua 448 L. of True Love of Unity, Brixham, Devon 449 L. of Peace, Joy, and Brotherly Love, Penryn, Cornwall 1783. Mariners' L., Mariner's Compass, New Dock, Livetpool Minerva L., Hull, Yorks. L. of Good Intention in North or 2nd Eeg. Deron Militia The Loyal Lodge, Globe Inn, Bamtstaple Apollo L., Angel Yard, Salisbury 1784. L. of Plaoentia, Newfoundland Holmesdale L. of Freedom and Friendship, Bell, Ryegate, Surrey Harmonic L., Bush Inn, Dudley, Worcestershire Bath (united to No. 39) African L., Boston, New England L. of Truth, Crown, Twickenham Baby L., Raby Castle, Staindrop, Durham 1785. Royal Gloucester L., Bell Inn, Gloucester Old King's Arms, Plymouth Dock La Parfaite Amitie, Avignon, Languedoo St. John's L., at Michlimacinac, Canada Barry Lodge, in the 34th Begt. Bainsford Lodge, in the 44th Begt. Tyrian L., George Inn, Derby L'Egalit^, K. Head, Gerard St. Soho Harbour Grace, Newfoundland Trinity L., Golden Lion, Coventry Temple L., Lamb Inn, Broadmead, Bristol Wells, Somersetshire L. of Harmony, Toy, Hampton Court L. of St. George, White Hart, New Windsor, Berka Thanet L., Parade Hotel, Margate L. of Good Intent, Ship Tav. Leadenhall St. White Lion, Whitchurch, Shropshire L. of Perfect Friendship (private room) Ipswich L. of Union, Pox, Castle St. Park, Southwark 1786. Industrious L., Watergate St. Chester L. of Benevolence, Antelope Inn, Sherborn, Dorset St. Margaret's L., Rose and Crown, Darmouth, West- minster L. of Friendship aud Sincerity, Eed Lion Inn, Shaftes- bury, Dorset Phcenix L., Geo. T. Portsmouth L. of the Blk. Bear, City of Hanover St. John's L., Golden Cross, Broomsgrove, Woroest. The Carnatio Military L., Arcot At Futty Ghnr, Bengal Hiram's L., Gibraltar L. of Goodwill (Private Room), Braiutree, Essex L. of Sincerity, Buck and Tine, Wigan, Lano. L. of Harmony, Golden Lion, Ormskirk, Lano. The Snowdon L., The Sportsman, Carnarvon 1787. L. of St. Charles, Hildburgshausen The Mackworth L., Cowbridge, Glamorganshire St. Matthew's L,, Barton-upon-Hnmber The Amphibious L., Stonehonse, near Plymouth The Newtonian L., Elephant and Castle, Knaresboro' Boyal Navy L., Seahorse Tavern, Gosport Northwiok, Cheshire Lodge of Unity, Three Crowns, Litchfield The Prince of Wales's L., Thatohed Honse Tavenii St. James's Street L. at Astrea Riga, with permission to assemble in the Dnohy of Courland Royal Denbigh L., Eed Lion, Denbigh 450 451 452 453 454 455 466 457 458 459 460 461 462 463 464 465 466 467 4g8 469 470 471 472 473 474 475 476 477 478 479 480 481 482 483 484 485 486 487 488 489 490 491 492 493 494 495 496 497 498 499 500 501 502 503 504 505 THE FOUR OLD LODGES. 73 PROM LIST FOR 1792. 506 507 508 509 510 511 512 513 514 515 516 517 518 519 520 521 522 523 524 525 526 Have met since 1740, 1743, 1774, Hambonrg Hambonrg Eamboorg 1776. Hambonrg Thomas Mount, No. 6, Lodge Absalom L. St. George do. L. Emannel do. L. Ferdinand and Caroline do. L. of Perfect Harmony, St. Coast of Coromandel L. of Social Friendship, at Madras, No. 4, Coast Coromandel L. of Trichinopoly, No. 5, Coast of Coromandel L. of Social Friendship, St. Thomas Mount, No. Coast of Coromandel Prince of Wales L., White Lion, Gainsborough, Lincoln St. Paul's Lodge, Montreal, in Canada In the Eegiment of Anholt Zerbst, in Canada L. of Unity, Fort William Henry, in Canada St. James's L., Cataragui, in Canada Select L., Montreal, in Canada New Oswegatchie L., in Canada St. John's L., Niagara, in Canada 1788. Pythagorean L., Castle, Richmond, Surrey Wiltshire L., Black Swan, Devizes L. of Unanimity, Swan, Ilminster, Somerset Salopian L., Fox, Shrewsbury Bank of England L., Guildhall CofiFee House, King St., 527 L. of Honour and Perseverance, Ship, Cockermouth, Cumberland 528 Philanthropic L., Bull, Melford, Suffolk 529 Duke of York's L., Black Boy, Doncaater 530 Royal Yorkshire L., Keighley, Yorkshire 531 The Old Globe L., Scarborough 532 L. of Napthali, Salford 533 L. of Unity, Royal Oak, Manchester 534 Blackmoor's Head, Churchyard, Manchester 535 L. of Fidelity, Burnley, Lane. 1789. 536 Bgerton L., Whitchurch, Shropshire 537 Star and Garter, Pall Mall 538 L. of Unity, at Dantzig 539 St. John's L. of Secrecy and Harmony, at Malta 540 Country Stewards' L., F.M.T. 541 At Frederickton, New Brunswick 542 Cambrian L., Brecon, S. Wales 543 Royal Clarence L., White Horse, Brighthelmstone, Sussex 544 L. of Harmony, White Hart, in the Drapery, North- ampton 545 Beneficent L., Macclesfield, Cheshire • 546 Royal York L., White Lion, Bristol 547 L. Frederic, Charles Joseph of the Golden Wheel, at Mentz 548 Wrekin L., Pheasant, Wellington, Shropshire 549 L. of Tranquility, Three Tuna, Manchester 550 Independent L., Congleton, Cheshire 551 Albion L., Skipton, Yorkshire 552 L. of Harmony, Halifax, Yorkshire 553 L. of Good Fellowship, Chelmsford, Essex 554 L. of Friendship, Oldham, Lane. 555 L. of the North Star, at Fredericksnagore, Bengal 556 Calpeau L., at Gibraltar 1790. 557 Friendly Lodge, Nag's Head, Leather Lane, Holborn 558 Harodim L., F.M.T. 559 Harmony L., Dolphin, Chichester, Snasex 560 Royal Clarence L., Frome, Somerset 551 Corinthian L., Newark, Nottinghamshire 562 St. John's L., Leicester 563 L. Archimedes, of the Three Tracing Boards, Alton- burgh, Germany 564 L. of the Three Arrows, at Nnrnberg, Germany 565 L. of Constancy, at Aix la Chapelle, Germany 566 L. of the Rising Sun, at Kempton in Swabia, Germany 567 L. of the Temple of 'True Concord, at Cassell, Germany 568 L. of Charles of Unity, at Carlarnhe, Germany 569 L. of Perfect Equality, at Greyfield, Germany 570 L. Astrea of the Three Elms, at Ulm, Germany 571 L. St. Chai'les of the Red Tower, at Ratisbon, Germany 572 L. of Solid Friendship, at Trichinopoly, No. 7 Coast of Coromanandel, Germany 573 Red Lion, Stockport, Cheshire 574 Raindeer Inn, Worcester 575 L. of Fortitude, Golden Shovel, Lancaster 1791. 576 Silurean L., Sun Inn, Kingston, Herefordshire 577 L. of Friendship, Gibraltar 578 Bedford L., Tavistock, Devon 579 L. of Amity, Rochdale, Lane. 580 At Aberistwith, S. Wales 581 L. of the Silent Temple at HUdesheim, Germany 582 Doric L., Grantham, Lincoln 583 St. John's L., Henley in Arden, Warwickshire In MS. 584 Loyal and Prudent L., Leeds 585 L, of Love and Harmony, Barbadoes. Constituted as a Stewards' Lodge 586 L. at Bulam, on the Coast of Africa. Constituted 25th February 1792. 587 North Nottinghamshire' L., East Retford. Constituted 21st March 1792. 588 L. of St. George, North Shields. Constituted 7th Apr 1792. 10 74 THE FOUR OLD LODGES. Lodges erased since tke Alteration of the Numbers in 1 781 for not conforming to the Laws of the Society,* * From Freemasons' Oalendar 1788. 1781. 74 Philanthropic L., Queen's Head, Grays Inn Gate 164 Lodge of Utility, White Hart, Holborn 320 L. at Blandford, Dorset 1782. 11 King's Arms, Wandsworth 13 Anchor and Baptist's Head L. 34 Sir John Falstaff, Old St. Eoad 124 L. in Ld. Ancram's Eegt. of Drag. 151 White Lion, Shadwell 200 Saracen's Head, Chelmsford 242 Assyrian L., Swan, Oxford St. 261 Angel, Angel St., St. Martin's le Grand 288 L. of Happiness, Ship, Ratcliff Cross 326 Hiram's Cliftonian L., Angel, Wardour St. 341 White Hart, St. Thomas, Sonthwark 354 Union L., Kingston, Jamaica, No. 6 355 Beaufort L., Kingston, Jamaica, No. 7 383 Helvetic Union L., Paul's Head, Cateaton St. 392 L. at Spanish Town, Jamaica, No. 10 420 Mariners' L., White Bear, Basinghall St. 1783. 76 Bull, High St. Bristol 203 St. George's L., Taunton 243 Black Bull, Carlisle 297 Bacchus, Halifax, Yorkshire 322 L. of Friendship, Hand and Bottle, Bridgenorth 1784. 276 Jerusalem L., King St. Golden Sq. 357 Union L., Taunton, Somerset 371 Eoyal Military L., Ship, Woolwich 890 L. of Justice, Preston, Lane. 395 Temple L., Bath Chair Quay, Bristol 1785. 90 Black Bear, Cambridge 117 Angel and Porter, Golden Lane, Barbican 121 Chequers, Charing Cross 158 Corinthian L., Church St. Soho 168 Caledonian L., King's Head, Poultry 339 L. of Freedom, Bull, Maldon 399 Weymouth L., Weymouth 418 St. Peter's L., Black Bull, Borough High St. 1786. 26 White Lion, Lynn Eei^s 116 Black Bear, Cambridge 159 Sea Captains' L., Taimonth 162 Angel, Crediton, Devon 165 Golden Lion, Leeds 169 Square and Compass, Whitehaven 227 Ship, St. Ives, Cornwall 269 L. of Contentment, General Wolfe, Plymouth Dock 289 Exeter Inn, Teignmouth, Devon 417 L. of Good Fellowship, Woolwich 425 All Saint's L., Eothbury, Northumberland 458 Bath (united to No. 39), now the E. Cumberland L,, at the Bear, Bath 1787. 166 St. David's L., Holywell, N. Wales 397 White Horse, Baldook, Herts 437 Dalston, Cumberland THE FOUR OLD LODGES. 75 LIST No. 17. List of Lodges 1792-1813. List of Lodges with their Numbers as altered, by order of the Grand Lodge, 18th April 1792. (From Freemasons' Calendar 1793). The Stewards Lodge (constituted 1735) Freemasons' Tavern, Great Queen Street, 3rd Wednesday from October to May. Public Nights, 3rd Wednesday in March and December. 4 5 Mo. aud KamelTSa-lSlS. Time Immemoeial. 1 L. of Antiquity, Freemasons' Tavern, Gt. Queen St. (formerly Goose and Gridiron, St. Paul's Churoh- yard) 2 Somerset House L., Freemasons' Tavern 1V21. 3 L. of Friendship, Thatched House Tavern, St James's Street 4 British L., White Horse, King Street, Golden Square 5 Westminster and Keystone L., Horn Tavern, Palace Yard So. No. aud Name 1792-1813. 1^22. 6 6 L. of Fortitude, Boebuck, Oxford Street ? 7 L. of St. Mary -la-bonne, Cavendish Square Coffee House 8 8 Ionic L., Kings Arms, 5rook St. Grosvenor Square 9 9 Dundee Arms L. (P. Km.), Red Lion St. Wapping 1723. 10 10 Kentish Lodge of Antiquity, Sun Tavern, Chatham 11 11 Kings Arms, Wandsworth, Surrey 12 12 L. of Emulation, Pauls Head Tavern, Cateatou Street 14 13 Fraternal L., Mitre Churoh Street, Greenwich 15 14 Globe L., Globe Tavern, Fleet Street 16 15 Jacob's Ladder, Now London Tavern, Cheapside 1724. 17 16 White Swan, St. Peter's, Norwich 18 17 L. of Antiquity, King's Arms, Portsmouth 19 18 Castle L. of Harmony, Horn, Doctors Commons 20 19 L. of Philanthrophy, Black Lion, Stockton-upou-Tees, Durham 1725. 21 20 Globe, Fleet Street 22 21 Old King's Arms Lodge, Freemasons' Tavern 1727. 23 22 St. Alban's Lodge, Thomas's Tavern, Dover Street, Piccadilly 1728. 24 23 L. of Attention, Freemasons' Tavern 1729. 25 24 St. John's L., at Gibraltar 27 25 28 26 29 27 30 28 31 29 32 30 33 31 35 32 36 33 37 34 38 35 39 36 40 37 41 38 42 39 43 40 54 65 1730. Castle L., White Swan, Mansel St. Goodman's Fields The Comer Stone L., Thatched House Tavern, St. James's Street Britannic L., Star and Garter, Pall Mall Well Disposed L., at the Cock, Waltham Abbey Lodge of Fortitude, Hamburgh Arms, East Smithfield 1731. Sociable L., Horn Tavern, Doctors Commons Medina L., Vine, West Cowes King's Arma, Marybone Street, Piccadilly Anchor and Hope, Bolton-le-Moors, Lane. Sarum L. (P. Em.), George Court, High St. Salisbury St. John's L., Half Moon, Fore Street, Exeter 1733. Royal Cumberland L., Bear Inn, Bath L. of Relief, Swan, Bury, Lane. St. Paul's L., Shakespear Tavern, Birmingham Royal Exchange, Boston, in New England Valenciennes, French Flanders 1734. 44 41 Strong Man, East Smithfield, late the Ship at the Hermitage 1735. Swan, Wolverhampton Union L. of Freedom and Ease, Coal Hole, Fountain Court, Strand L. of Industry, Rose and Crown, Swalwell, Durham Soloman's L., Charlestown, S. Carolina Soloman's L., No. 1, Savannah, in Georgia Angel, Colchester 1736. King's Head, Norwich L. of St. George de I'Observance, Bedfoi-d Coffee House, Covent Garden Constitutional L., Old Crown and Cushion, Lambeth Marsh Howard L. of Brotherly Love, Crown, Arundel, Sussex 1737. Parham L., Parham, in Antigua City L., Ship Tavern, Leadenhall Street L. of Felicity, Braund's Head, Bond Street Vacation L., Star and Garter, Paddington L. of Affability, Castle Inn, New Brentford 45 42 46 43 48 44 49 45 no 46 51 47 52 48 53 49 50 51 56 52 57 53 58 54 59 55 60 56 76 THE FOUE OLD LODGES. No. 1781-91 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 69 70 71 72 73 No. ami Kame 1798-1813. 17B8. 57 Koyal Navy L., near Wapping Old Stairs 58 Royal Chester L., Feathers' Inn, Bridge St., Chester 59 Baker's L., St. John's, Antigua 60 L. of Peace and Harmony, Loudon Stone Tavern, Cannon Street 61 Union Cross, Halifax and Yorkshire 62 The Great L., St. John's, Autigna 63 L. of Fortitude, White Horse, Hanging Ditch, Man- Chester 1739. 64 Mother L., at Kingston, Jamaica, No. 1 65 Mother L., Scotch Arms, at St. Christopher, Basseterre 66 L. of Sincerity, Joiners' and Feltmakers' Arms, Joiner Street, Sonthwark 67 L. of Peace and Plenty, Red Lion, Horseleyd. Lane 68 Grenadiers' L., Coach and Horses, Frith St., Soho 75 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 85 86 87 88 89 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 100 102 193 1740. 69 Lodge of Prudence, Griffin, Half Moon St., Piccadilly 70 Star in the Bast, at Calcutta, 1st L. of Bengal 71 St. Michael's L., in Barbadoea 1742. 72 L. of Unity, Repository Coffee House, Little St. Martin's Lane 73 Old Road, St. Christopher's 74 The Union, Frankfort, in Germany 1743. 75 Prince George L., George Town, Winyaw, S. Carolina 1747. 76 Queen's Head, Accle, Norfolk 77 L. at St. Eustatius 1748. 78 Maid's Head, Norwich 79 Prince George's L., Plymouth 1749. 80 Red Cow, St. Giles's, Norwich 81 Second L., Boston, New England 82 No. 1, Halifax, in Nova Scotia 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 104 95 105 96 106 97 107 98 109 S9 110 100 111 101 112 102 1750. Marblehead L., in Massachnsets Bay, New Eng. St. Christopher's, at Sandy Point Newhaven L., in Connecticut, New Eng. 1751. Unicorn, St. Mary's, Norwich Lodge of Love and Honour, Royal Standard, Falmouth Star Tav., upon the Quay, Gt. Yarmouth, Norfolk L. of Freedom, Graveseud Sea Capts. L., Nags Hd., Leadenhall St. 1752. St. John's L., Bridge Town, Barbadoea George L., Rosa and Crown, Downing St. Westmstr. The Stewards' L., Freemasons' Hall, Madras St. Peter's L., Barbadoes 1753. Old Cumberland Lodge, Red Lion, Old Cavendish St., Oxford St. Foundation L., Freemasons Tar., Gt. Qn. St. United L. of Prudence, Horse Grenadier, nr. North Audley Lily Tav., Guernsey Fountain, Brigg's Lane, Norwich Evangelist's L., Montserratt Legs of Man, at Presoot, Lane. Royal Exchange, Norfolk, in Virginia No. 1781-91 No. and Nantc 1793-1813. 1754. 113 103 Druids L. of Love and Liberty, London Inn, Redruth, Cornwall Rose and Crown, Crown St. Westminster Castle and Lion, St. Peter's, Maucroffc, Norwich Scientific L., Eagle and Child, Cambridge St. Michael's L., City of Scherwin, Dutchy of Mecklen- burg St. James's L., Blue Posts, Berwick St. Soho No. 2 St. Eustatius Ancient French L., French Hotel, Leicester Fields L. of Unanimity, Bulls Head, Manchester 1755. 8th King's Own Reg. Foot Gloucester L., George and Blue Boar Inn, Holboru L. at Wilmington, Cape Fear River, N. Carolina Sea Captains' L., Greenhalgh's Coffee House, Liverpool Union L., Charlestown, S. Carolina L. of Regularity, Thatched House Tavern, St. James Street L. of Freedom and Ease, Three Jolly Butchers, Old Street Road Swan, Yorktown, Virginia Wounded Hart, Norwich Phoenix L., Sunderland, Durham Grand L. Frederick, at Hanover Plume of Feathers, Chester 1756. St. David's L., King's Arms Coffee House, Brook St. A Masters' L., Charlostovin, S. Carolina Port Royal L., Carolina L. of St. George, Islau J of St. Au Croix, W. Indies Burlington L., Coach and Horses, BnrUngtou Street 1757. Sea Captains' L., King's Head, High Street, Sunderland Providence L., Rhode Island Shakespear, Covent Garden St. Mary's L., St. Mary's Island, Jamaica King's Arms, Blakeney, Norfolk Fountain, Broad Street, Carnaby Market St. John's L., Anne Street, New York 1758. King's Head, Cottishall, Norfolk L. of Unity, King's Arms, Plymouth Beaufort L., Shakespear, Princes Street, Bristol Lodge at Bombay, in the East Indies 1759. L. of Fortitude, Half Moon, George Street, Plymouth Dock The Sun, at Newton Abbott, Devonshire 1760. 163 142 London L., Loudon Coffee House, Ludgate Hill 1761. 167 143 L. of Industry and Perseverance, Calcutta, No. 2 L. of Bengal 170 144 Restoration L. (P. Room), at Priest Gate, Darlington 171 145 Union L., Crow Lane, Bermuda 1762. 172 146 St. George's L., Globe Inn Exeter 173 147 British Union L., Golden Lion, Ipswich 174 148 Royal Frederick, at Rotterdam 175 149 Royal Lancashire L., Hole in the Wall, Colne, Lane. 176 150 St. Alban's L., Shakespear Tavern, Birmingham 177 151 Merchants' L., Quebec 178 152 St. Andrew's L., Quebec 179 153 St. Patrick's Lodge, Quebec 180 154 St. Peter's L., Montreal 114 104 115 105 116 lOG 118 107 119 108 120 109 122 110 123 111 125 112 126 113 127 114 128 115 129 116 180 117 131 118 134 119 135 120 136 121 137 122 138 123 139 124 140 125 141 126 142 127 143 128 144 129 145 130 146 131 147 132 148 133 149 134 152 135 153 136 154 137 155 138 157 139 160 140 161 141 THE FOUR OLD LODGES. l"! No. No. ai 1781-91 182 155 183 156 184. 157 185 158 186 159 187 160 188 161 189 162 190 163 192 164 193 165 195 166 196 167 197 168 198 169 199 170 201 171 202 172 204 173 205 174 206 175 207 176 208 177 209 178 210 179 211 180 212 181 289 240 241 245 247 248 249 250 251 252 Mo. and Name 1793-1813.. Select L., Qnebec 52ud Regiment of Foot, Quebec Royal Navy L., 3 Kings' Head, Deal L. of Friendship, Crown, Lynn Regis, Norfolk L. of Inhabitants, Gibraltar Palladiau L., Bowling Green, Hereford Door to Virtue, Heldeshara, Germany 1763. Union L., White Lion, Nottingham St. Marks L., S. Carolina L. of Eegnlarity, St. John's Hall, Black River, Musqulto Shore Old Black Bull, Richmond, Yorkshire Marquis of Granby L. (P. Room), Old Blvit, Durham L. of Amity, St. George's Quay, Bay of Honduras Thorn, at Burnley in Lancashire Union L., Rose and Crown, St. Catherine Street, near the Tower Royal Meoklenbnrgh L., White Lion Inn, Croydon, Surrey 1764. Royal L., Thatched House Tavern, St. James's St. La Sagesse, St. Andrews, at the Grenadoes White Lion, Kondal, Westmoreland St. Nicholas L., The Swan, Harwich White Hart, Ringwood, Hants L. of Harmony, Red Lion, Faversham Salutation, Topsham, Devonshire Horse Shoe and Magpye, Worcester St. Park, Southwark Philharmonic L., Bell, Isle of Ely, Cambridgeshire Caledonian L., Half Moon Tavern, Graoechurch Street L. of Perpetual Friendship,, Lamb Inn, Bridgewater, Somerset 1765. L. St. John Evan, Northumberland Arms, Goodge St., Eathbone Place British Social L., White Bear, Old Street Sq. Tuscan L., Kings Head Tavern, Holborn Operative Masons, Cannon, Portland Rd. Marybone. Gothic L., Foot Guards, Suttling House, Whitehall Old Antelope Inn, Pool, in Dorsetshire Corinthian L., Cock and Bottle, Upper Brook Street, Grosvenor Square Tontine, Sheffield, in Yorkshire At Allost, in Flanders St. George's L„ Stratford Coffee House, Oxford Street Black Horse, Tombland, Norwich R. Edwin L., Angel, Bury St. Edmunds St. Luke's L., Don Saltero's Coffee HoTi?e, Chelsea L. at Joppa, in Baltimore County, Maryland L. of Perfect Friendship, White Hart Inn, Bath At St. Hilary, Jersey Swan, Warrington, Lancashire L. of Perfect Unanimity, Madras, No. 1, Coast of Coro- mandel (revived) 1786 L. No. 1, Bencoolen Tortola and Beef Island 1766. L. of Unanimity, George and Crown, Wakefield, York. shire King's Arms Punch House, Shad Thames English L. at Bourdeaux (have met since the year 1732) Bedford L., Freemasons' Tav., Great Queen Street Patriotic L., Greyhound, Croydon, Surrey Star L., Coach and Horses Inn, Northgate St., Chester St. Nicolas L., Newcastle-upon-Tyne Sion L., North Shields, Northumberland L. of True Friendship, Seven Stars, Bromley, Middlesex 1767. Angel, Upper Ground, Christ Church, Southwark L. of Integrity, Bull's Head Inn, Manchester 214 182 215 183 216 184 217 185 218 186 219 187 220 188 221 189 222 190 223 191 225 192 226 193 228 194 229 195 230 196 231 197 232 198 233 199 236 200 237 201 238 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 No. Kg. a 1781-91 253 213 254 214 256 215 257 216 258 217 259 218 260 219 262 220 263 221 264 222 265 223 266 224 267 225 268 228 270 227 Ho. and Mamc 1792-1813. Union L., Rising Sun, Castle Ditch, Bristol At Grenoble, in France L. of Morality, King's Head, Old Compton Street, Soho Three Lions, Marlborough in Hessia L. of Honor and Generosity, Turk's Head, King Street, Holborn L. of Union, Three Jolly Hatters, Bormondsey Street Royal York of Friendship, at Berlia, Middle Mark of Brandenburg British Union, Rotterdam St. John's L., Long Room, Hampstead Three Pillars, Rotterdam Royal White Hart L., Halifax, North Carolina L. of Amity, White Horse, Preston, Lancashire L. of Amity, Canton, in China All-Souls' L., Tiverton, in Devonshire L. of Friendship, Angel, Ilford, Essex 1768. 271 228 L. of Concord, Two Angels and Crown, Little St. Martin's Lane Mona L., King's Head, at Holyhead, Anglesea, N. Wales La Victoire, City of Rotterdam, in Holland L. of Sincerity, Jamaica House, Rotherhithe Caveao L., Angel, Hammersmith In the 24th Regiment Foot Constant Union, the City of Ghent, in Flanders Godolphin L., St. Mary's Island, Soilly Manchester L., Crown, St. Danstan's Passage, Fleet Street L. of Perfect Union, in His Sicilian Majesty's Eegt. of Foot, Naples L'Bsperanoe, Thatched House Tav. St. James's St. Queen Charlotte's L., Coachmakers' Arms, Hosier Lane, W. Smithfield 1769. Sun L., City of Flushing, Province of Zealand Three Tuns, Stourbridge, Worcestershire L. of Unity, King Henry's Head, Red Lion St. White- chapel Royal George L., at Newton Abbott Beaufort L., at Swansea Well Chosen L., at Naples L. of Virtue, White Lion, Market Place, Bath Inflexible L., White Hart, Mitcham, Surrey L. of Hospitality, Bush Tav., Corn Street, Bristol St. Peter's L., Cross Keys, Shad Thames No. 1, at Sweden No. 2, at Sweden No. 3, at Sweden Golden Lion, at Neston, Cheshire L. of Sincerity, at the Peace and Fame, Plymouth Dock L. of St. John, Fleece Tavern, Manchester 1770. L. of Perfect Harmony, at Mons, Austrian Netherlands L. of Friendship, Bunch of Grapes, Limehouse Hole L. of Prosperity, Globe Tavern, St. Saviour's Church- yard, Southwark St. Charles de la Concord, in the City of Brunswick L. of Fortitude and Perseverance, Spread Eagle, Epsom White Hart, Christehurch, Hants L. of Concoi-d, Barnard Castle, Durham 1771. Jerusalem L., Crown. Tav., Clerkenwell Green L. of Industiy, Ben. Jonson's Hd., Shoe Lane L. of Perfect Union, at Leghorn L. of Sincere Brotherly Lov(5, at Leghorn Lodge of Perfect Union, St. Petersburgh L. of Freedom, Prince George, Fore St. Plymouth Dock Junior L., Kingston, No. 2, in Jamaica Harmony L., Kingston, No. 3, in Jamaica St. James's L., Montego Bay, No. 4, in Jamaica Union L., St. James's Parish, No. 5, in Jamaica L. of Harmony, Bluo Bell, Carlisle, Cumberland 272 229 274 230 275 231 277 232 278 233 279 234 281 235 282 236 288 237 284 238 285 239 286 240 287 241 290 242 291 243 292 244 293 245 294 246 295 247 296 248 298 249 299 250 300 251 301 252 302 253 303 254 305 255 806 236 308 257 309 258 310 259 311 280 314 261 315 262 317 263 318 264 319 265 321 266 323 267 325 268 327 269 328 270 329 271 330 272 331 273 78 THE FOUR OLD LODGES. Ko. No. and Kame MOa-lSlS. 1781-91 333 274 334 275 335 276 336 277 337 278 338 279 340 280 342 281 343 282 344 283 345 284 346 285 347 286 348 287 350 288 356 289 358 290 359 291 360 292 361 293 363 294 364 295 365 296 366 297 367 298 368 299 1772. Rising Sun L., at Fort Marlborongh, East Indies L. of Vigilance, Island of Grenada L. of Discretion, Island of Grenada Torbay L., Crown and Anchor, at Paignton, in Devon TTnion L. , at St. Enstatius, West Indies L. of Candour, at Strasbourg L. of Friendship, at Sir John Falstaff, Lower Water Gate, Deptford L. of Speighta'-town, in Barbadoes L. of Concord, at Antigua Master Mariners' L., George Inn, Back Lane, St. George-in-the-Bast Eoyal Edmund L. at Bury St. Edmunds Union L. at Venice Lodge at Verona L. of Liberty, King's Arms, Vauxhall The 6th Lodge of Bengal, at Calcutta 1773. L. at Detroit in Canada Apollo L., at Tork L. of Jehosaphat, Bummer Tavern, Bristol The 10th L. of Bengal, with 3rd Brigade at Cawnpore L. of Humility with Fortitude, the 11th L. of Bengal at Calcutta St. John's L. at Newmarket L. of Union, Hillgate, Town of Gateshead, Dnrham Williamsburg L. at Williamsburg, Virginia Botetourt L. at Botetourt, Virginia L. Frederick at Cassel in Germany L. of Good Friends at Eousseau, in Dominica 1774. 369 300 L. of Liberty and Sincerity, Crown Inn, Bridgewater Somerset L. of Prudence, Boot and Shoe, Leigh, Lane Unity L., No. 2, at Savannah, in Georgia L. of the Nine Muses, No. 1, at Petersburgh, in Russia L. of The Muse Urania, No. 2, at Petersburgh, in Russia L. of Bellona, No. 3, at Petersburgh, in Russia L. of Mara, No. 4, at Tassy, in Russia L. of The Muse Clio, No. 5, at Moscow, in Russia St. Bede's L., Wheataheaf, Morpeth, Northumberland Lodge of Harmony, at Guernsey 1775. Dnrnovarian L,, Royal Oak, Dorchester, Dorset Helvetic Union L., Ship, Leadenhall Street Sun and Sector, Workington in Cumberland St. Jean de Nouvelle, EspSrance, in Turin Tme and Faithful L., White Bear, West Mallin-^, in Kent Grenadiers L., at Savannah, in Georgia L. of St. George in the East, the 12th L., of Bengal, with the 3rd Brigade Green Island L. at Green Island, No. 8, Jamaica L. of Lucca, Parish of Hanover, No. 9, Jamaica Union L. of Savannah le Mar, No. 11, Jamaica Union L., at Detroit in Canada 1776. St. Andrews L., Robin Hood, Charles Street, St. James's L. of Perseverance, Westminster Arms, Tnthill Street L. of Concord, Guildhall, Southampton Eoyal Oak L., Royal Oak, Ripon, Yorkshire L. of Honor, Blue Anchor, St. Ermins Hill, Broadway, Westminster Industrious L., Kings Head, Canterbury St. Peter's L., Bell, Upper Mount St. Grosvenor Square King of Prussia, Penrith, Cumberland L. of United Friendship, Falcon Tavern, Gravesend 370 301 372 302 373 303 374 304 375 305 376 306 377 307 378 308 379 309 382 310 383 311 384 312 385 313 386 314 387 315 388 316 389 317 391 318 393 319 394 320 396 321 398 322 400 323 401 324 403 325 404 326 405 327 406 328 407 329 TSo. 1781-91 No. and Name 1793-1813. 419 421 422 423 426 427 428 430 431 432 433 434 435 436 438 439 440 441 1777. Nine Muses, Thatched House Tavern, St. 408 330 L. of The James's Street 410 331 Union L., Golden Lion, Thursday Market, York 411 332 Social L., White Hart, Booking, Eases 412 333 GnoU L., Ship and Castle, Neath, Glamorganshire 413 334 Lodge in the Island of Nevis 414 335 In the 6th, or Inniskilling Regiment of Dragoons 415 336 Impregnable L., New Rose Inn, Sandwich 1778. 416 337 Lodge at Messina, in Sioily 338 339 340 341 342 343 344 345 346 347 348 349 350 351 352 353 354 355 442 356 443 357 444 358 447 359 448 360 449 361 450 362 451 363 452 364 453 365 454 366 455 367 456 368 457 369 459 370 460 371 461 372 462 373 463 374 464 375 465 376 466 377 467 378 468 379 469 380 470 381 471 382 1779. Northumberland L., Alnwick, Northumberland L. of Independence, Vine Tavern, Broad Street, EatolifE Pilgrim L., Freemasons' Tavern, Great Queen Street L. of Fortitude, BeU Inn, Maidstone, Kent 1780. L. of St. George, in the 1st Regt. of Dragoon Guards St. Hild's L., South Shields, Durham Merchants' L., Star and Garter Tavern, Liverpool L. at Liebau, in Conrland L. at Naples St. Michael's L., Alnwick, Northumberland St. George's L., Town Hall, Doncaster 1781. Alfred L., Wetherby, Yorkshire L. of Rural Friendship, Rowelle's Tavern, Chelsea Rodney L., Kingston-upon-Hnll L. of Friendship, Dartmouth, Devonshire L. of Reformation, Bricklayers' Arms, Flaggon Bow, Deptford La Loggia della Verita, Naples Hiram L., Sugar Loaf, Gt. St. Helen's Street, Mary Axe 1782. St. George's, E. York Militia L. in East Riding of York Militia L. of Science, Parade Coffee House, Salisbury Old British and Ligarian L., Genoa Mount Sinai L., St. John's, Antigua L. of True Love and Unity, Brixham, Devon L. of Peace, Joy, and Brotherly Love, Penryn, Cornwall 1783. Mariner's L., New Dock, LiverDool Minerva L., Hull, Yorkshire L. of Good Intention, in North or 2nd Regt. Devon Militia Loyal L., Globe Inn, Barnstaple Apollo L., Parade Coffee House, Salisbury 1784. L. of Placentia, Newfoundland Holmesdale L. of Freedom and Friendship, Bell, Reigate, Surrey Harmonic L., Bull Inn, Dudley, Worcestershire African L., Boston, New England L. of Truth, Crown, Twickenham, Middlesex Raby L., Raby Castle, Staindrop, Durham 1785. Royal Gloucester L., Bell Inn, Gloucester L. of Concord, Old King's Arma, Plymouth Dock La Parfaite Amitie, at Avignon, Languedoc St. John's L., at Michlimacinao, Canada Barry L., in the 34th Regiment Rainsford L., in the 44th Regiment Tyriau L., George Inn, Derby L'Egalite, Coach and Horses, Frith St., Soho Harbour Grace, Newfoundland Trinity L., Golden Lion, Coventry THE FOUR OLD LODGES. 79 No. No. s ?81-91 473 383 474 384 475 385 476 38(5 477 387 478 388 479 389 480 390 481 391 482 392 483 393 484 394 485 395 486 396 487 397 488 398 489 399 490 400 491 401 492 402 493 403 494 404 495 405 497 406 498 407 499 408 500 409 501 410 502 411 503 4X2 504 413 505 414 506 415 507 416 508 417 509 418 512 513 514 423 515 516 517 518 519 520 621 No. and Name 179a-lS13. L. of TJnanimity, Sadler St., Wells, Somersetshire L. of Harmony, Hampton Court L. of St. George, White Hart, New Windsor, Berks Thanet L., Parade Hotel, Margate L. of Good Intent, Ship Tavern, Leadenhall Street White Lion, Whitchurch, Shropshire L. of Perfect Friendship, King's Head, King St. Ipswich L. of Unions, Spread Eagle, Pratt St. Lambeth 1786. L. of Independence, Castle and Falcon, Watergate St., Chester L. of Benerblence, Antelope Inn, Sherbom, Dorset St. Margaret's L., Rose and Crown, Dartmouth St., Westminstet L. of Frifendship and Sinfcerity, Red Lion Inn, Shaftes- bury, Dotset Phoenix L., George Tavern. Portsmouth L. of the Black Bear, City of Hanover St. John's L., Golden Cross, Broomsgrove, Worcester- shire Carnatio Military Lodge, at Vellore, No. 2, Coast of Coromandel At Fatty Ghur, Bengal Hiram's ti., at Gibraltar L. of Goodwill, Braintree, Essex L. of Sincerity, Buck and Vine, Wigan, Lancashire Lodge of Harmony, Golden Lion, Ormskirk, Lancashire Snowdeu L., Sportsman, Carnarvon, N. Wales 1787. L. of St. Charles, at Hildebarghausen St. Mathew's L., Barton-npon-Humber Amphibious L., Stonehonse, near Plymouth Newtonian L., Elephant and Castle, Knaresborongh Royal Navy L., Seahorse Tavern, Gosport L. of Trade and Navigation, New Eagle and Child, Northwich, Cheshire L. of Unity, Three Crowns Inn, Litchfield Prince of Wales's L., Star and Garter, Pall Mall L. Astrea at Riga, with permission to assemble ip the Duchy of Corn-land Royal Denbigh L., at the Crown Inn, Denbigh, N. Wales L. Absalom, have met since 1740 L. of St. George, do. 1743 at Hambourg L. Emanuel, do. 1774 at Hambonrg L. Ferdinand and Caroline, have met since 1776 at Hambonrg L. of Perfect Harmony, St. Thomas' Mount, No. 3, Coast of Coromandel of Social Friendship, at Madras, No. 4, Coast of Coromandel L. at Trichinopoly, No. 5, Coast of Coromandel L. of Social Friendship, St. Thomas' Mount, No. Coast of Coromandel Prince of Wales L., White Lion, Gainsborough, Lin colnshire St. Paul's L., Montreal, Canada In the Regt. of Anhalt, Zerbst L. of Unity, at Fort William Henry, in Canada St. James's L., at Cataraqui, in Canada Select L., at Montreal, in Canada New Oswegatohie L., in Canada St. John's L. at Niagara, in Canada 510 419 511 420 L, 421 422 424 425 426 427 428 429 430 6, 1788. 522 431 Pythagorean L., Castle Tavern, Richmond, Surrey 523 432 Wiltshire L., Black Swan, Devizes, Wiltshire 524 433 L. of Unanimity, Swan Inn, Ilminster, Somersetshire 525 434 Salopian L., at the Fox, in Shrewsbury 526 435 Bank of England L., Guildhall Coffee House, King St. Cheapside 527 436 L. of Honor and Perseverance, Ship, Coctermouth, Cumberland 528* 437 Philanthropic L., Bull Inn, Melford, Suffolk , 529 438 Duke of Yorks L., Black Boy Inn, Doncaster No. No. a 1781-91 530 439 531 440 532 441 583 442 534 443 535 444 536 445 537 446 538 447 539 448 540 449 541 450 542 451 543 452 544 453 545 451 546 455 547 456 548 457 549 458 550 459 551 460 552 461 553 462 554 463 555 464 556 465 557 466 558 467 559 468 560 469 561 470 562 471 563 472 564 473 565 474 566 475 567 476 568 477 569 478 570 479 571 480 572 481 573 482 574 483 575 484 576 48S 577 486 578 487 579 488 580 489 581 490 582 491 583 492 584 493 585 494 No. »ud Name 1793-1813. Royal Yorkshire L., Devonshire Arms, Keighley, York- shire The Old Globe L., the Old Globe Inn, Scarborough L. of Napfchali, New Market Inn, Manchester L. of Unity, Royal Oak, Manchester L. of Union, St. John's Tavern, Manchester L. of Fidelity, Thorn Ian, Burnley, Lancashire 1789. Egerton L., Coach and Horses, Whitchurch, Shropshire Star and Garter, Pall Mall L. of Unity, at Dantzick St. John's L. of Secrecy and Harmony, Malta Country Stewards' L., Freemasons' Tavern, Gt. Queen Street At Fredericton, New Brunswick, N. America Cambrian L., Swan Inn, Brecon, S. Wales Royal Clarence L., White Horse, Brighthelmstone, L. of Harmony, at the White Hart, in the Drapery, Northampton Beneticent L., the Augel, Macclesfield, Cheshire Royal York L., Bash Tav., Corn St. Bristol L. Frederick Charles Joseph, of the Golden Wheel, at Mentz Wrekin L., at the Pheasant, Wellington, Shropshire L. of Tranquility, Three Tnn? Tav., Smithy Door, Man- Chester Independent L., at the Blk. Lion and Swan, Congleton, Cheshire Albion L., at Skipton, Yorkshire L. of Harmony, Angel Inn, Halifax, Yorkshire L. of Good Fellowship, Saracen's Hd., Chelmsford, Essex L. of Friendship, Angel, Oldham, Lancashire L. of the North Star, at Frederioksnagore, Bengal Calpean L., at Gibraltar 1790. Friendship L., Nag's Hd. Inn, Leather Lane, Holborn Harodim L., Freemasons' Tav., Gt. Qaoen Street Harmony L., Dolphin Hotel, Chichester, Sussex Royal Clarence L., George Inn, Frome, Somersetshire Corinthian L., Rutland Arms, Newark, Nottingham St. John's L., Lion and Dolphin, Market Place, Lei- cester L. Archimedes, of the Three Tracing Boards, Altenburg, Germany L. of the Three Arrows, at Narnberg, Germany L. of Constancy, at Aix la Chapelle, Germany L. of the Rising Sun, Kemptou in Swabia, Germany L. of the Temple of True Concord, at Cassel, Germany L. Charles of Unity, at Carlsruhe, Germany L. of Perfect Equality, at Creyfeld, Germany L. Astrea, of the Three Elms, at Ulm, Germany L. of St. Charles of the Red Tower, at Ratisbon, Germany L. of Solid Friendship, at Trichinopoly, No. 7, Coast Coromandel Red Lion, Stockport, Cheshire Rein Deer Inn, Worcester L. of Fortitude, Golden Shovel, Lancaster 1791. Silurean L., Swan Inn, Kingston, Herefordshire L. of Frieadship, Gibraltar Bedford L., King's Ai-ms, Tavistock, Devonshire L. of Amity, Swan Inn, Rochdale, Lancashire At Aberistwith, S. Wales L. of the Silent Temple, at Hildesheim, in Germany Doric L., George Inn, Grantham, Lincolnshire St. John L., at the "Talbot, Henley-in-Arden, Warwick- shire Loyal and Prudent Lodge, Leeds, Yorkshira L. of Love and Harmony, Barbadoes 80 THE POUR OLD LODGES. ' No. 1781-91 No. and N aliie 179S-)S13. 1Y92. 586 495 At Balam, on the Coast of Africa 587 496 N. Nottinghamshire L., White Hart, East Eetford 588 497 L. of St. George, North Shields, Northumberland 498 Eawdon L., betvreen the Lakes in Upper Canada 499 Faithfnl L., Bideford, Devon 500 L. of Prudence, at the Three Tuns, Halesworth, Suffolk 501 Little White Swan, St. Peter's, Mancroft, Norwich 502 L. of Love and Honour, Bell Inn, Shipton-MaUet, Somerset 503 Eoyal Gloucester L., East-street, Southampton 504 Samaritan L., the Devonshire Arms, Keighley, Yorkshire 505 PhUanthropio L., Red Lion, Skipton, Yorkshire 506 L. of the Three Graces, Barnoldswiok, Craven, Yorkshire 507 Bermuda L., St. George's, Bermuda 508 Noah's Ark L., Canal Coffee House, Middlewick, Cheshire 509 Beneiioent L., Stockport, Cheshire 510 TTrania L., Angel Inn, Glamford Bridge, Lincolnshire 511 L. of Harmony, Baoup, Lancashire 512 L. of Fidelity, Old George Inn, Briggate, Leeds * 1793. 513 At the White Hart, Huddersfield, Yorkshire 514 Union Soho L., Parish of Handsworth, Staffordshire 515 Cambridge Kew L., Eed Lion, Cambridge 516 Shakespear L., White Lion, Stratford-upon-Avon, War- wickshire 517 Eural Philanthropical L., Highbridge Inn, Huntspill, Somersetshire 518 At the Castle, Lord Street, Liverpool 519 Searadale L., Angel Inn, Chesterfield, Derbyshire 520 The King's Friends' L., Three Pidgeons, Nantwioh, Cheshire 521 Union L., Cornwall, Upper Canada 522 St. John's L. of Friendship, at Montreal 523 Friendly Brothers' L., Eoebuok, Newcastle, Staffordshire 524 L. of Urbanity, Bear Inn, Wincanton, Somersetshire 525 Constitutional L., Golden Ball, Beverley, Yorkshire 526 Union L., Macclesfield, Cheshire 527 Eoyal Brunswick L., Eoyal Oak, SheflSeld, Yorkshire 528 L. at Chnnar, in the East Indies, 8th L. of Bengal 529 L. of Mars, Cawnpore, 9th L. of Bengal 530 Witham L., Eein Deer Inn, Lincoln 531 L. of Unity, Yarmouth, Norfolk 532 L. of Harmony, Eoehdale 533 Eoyal Edward L., Leominster 534 Lodge of St. John, at the Grapes, Lancaster 1794. 535 L. of Emulation, Eose, Dartford, Kent 536 L. of Minerva, Globe, Ashton-nnder.Line, Lane. 537 Apollo L., Angel, Alcester, Warwickshire 538 L. of Unity and Friendship, Brandford, Wilts 539 L. of Safe, Bradford, Yorkshire 540 Benevolent L., W. Teignmouth, Devon 541 L. in Eoyal Regt. of Cheshire Militia 542 Philanthropic L., Leeds 543 Crown, Nantwioh, Cheshire f 544 Apollo L., Becoles, Suffolk 1795. 545 L. of St. Winifred, Holywell, Flintshire 546 Alfred L., Leeds 547 St. Bartholomew's L,, Sutton Ooldfield, Warwickshire 548 L. of Peace and Good Neighbourhood, Wynnstay, Denbighshire 1796. 549 L. of Prince Frederick, Stag, Heptonstall, Yorkshire 550 L. of Prince George, Bottoms, Stansfield 551 L. of Harmony, Gosport 552 Perfect L., E. A. Hotel, Woolwich 553 L. of Strict Benevolence, Wisbeaoh, Cambridgeshire 554 Vectis L. of Peace and Concord 555 Union L., Carlisle * End of 1792 List. The following from later Lists. t From an earlier List. Out in 1814. Ko. and Name 1793-1S13. 556 Ebenezer L,, Pately Bridge, Yorkshire 557 South Saxon L., Lewes, Sussex 558 L. of Harmony, Tamworth, Warwickshire 559 L. of Unanimity and Industry, No. 2, Fort Marlborongli, Sumatra 1797. 560 Prestonian L. of Perfect Friendship, Grays Thnrrook, Essex 561 Lion L., Whitby, Yorkshire 562 L. of Ferdinand, at the Eock (have met since 1788), at Hambonrgh 563 Norwich Theatrical L., Angel, Norwich 564 L. of United Friends, Great Yarmouth, Norfolk 565 L. of Peace and Unity, Preston, Lane. 566 Eoyal Cinque Port L., Seaford, Sussex 567 Social L., Hoop Inn, Cambridge 1798. 568 L. at St. Helena 569 L. of Philanthropists, Surat, East Indies 570 The Jacob's L., Eoyal Oak, Eamggate 571 L. of Truth, 1st Eegt. Life Guards, Cadogan Arms, Sloane Street 572 L. of Attention, Green Dragon, Lynn, Norfolk 573 L. of Innocence and Morality, Hindon, Wilts 574 L. of Unity, Peace, and Concord at Madras (No. 9 C. of Coroman.) 1799. AUman's L., Admonbury, Yorkshire Mariners' L., Selby, Yorkshire L. of the Three Grand Principles, Penryu, Cornwall L. of Industry, Bridge North, Shropshire L. of Prudence and Industry, Chard, Somersetshire L. of Affability, Eobin Hood, Newton Lane, Man- chester L. of Reason, Ashford, Kent True and Faithful L., Helston, Cornwall L. of Harmony, Hastings, Sussex L. of Fellowship, Winchester L. of Loyalty, Motham, Cheshire 1800. L. in Island of Minorca L. in Eegt. of Loyal Surrey Eangers 1801. 588 L. Gunther, of the Standing Lion, Eudolstadt (have met since 1787) 589 L. Charles Augustus, at Alstaedfc, Germany 1802. 590 St. Andrew's Union L., in 19th Eegt. of Foot, Madras (No. 10, 0. of Coromandel) 591 L. of Philanthropists, in Scotch Brigade, Madras (No. 11, C. of Coromandel) 592 L. of Golden Hart, at Oldenburgh, in Germany (have met since 1776) 593 Globe L. at Lubeck (have met since 1779) 594 L. of the Three Stars, Eostook 595 Warren L., Warsergate, Nottingham 575 576 577 578 579 580 581 582 583 584 585 586 587 596 597 598 699 600 601 602 St. Peter's L., Peterborough 1804. L. of the Crowned Serpent, Goerlitz, Germany (have met since 1764) 1805. L. of Apollo, Leipsiok, in Germany 1806. L. of Unity, Unicorn, Stockport, Cheshire li. of Peace, Coach and Horses, Stockport, Cheshire L. of Concord, Queen's Head, Stockport, Cheshire Moira L., New Inn, Staley Bridge, Lano. THE rOUR OLD LODGES. 81 Ko. and Name 170X.1813. 1809. 603 la Loge de L'Amitie dea Freres Eeunis, Port an Prince, Hayti 604 La Loge de L'Henreuse Reunion aux Cayes, Hayti 605 St. John's L., Eooles, Lano. 606 Moira L., Bristol 607 Wigton St. John's L., Wigton, Cumberland 608 Phoenician L., Collnmpton, Devon 609 St. Andrew's L., Whittlesey, Cambridgeshire 610 Orange L., Island of Gnemsey 611 Mariner's L., Island of Gnemsey 612 L. of Harmony, Island of Guernsey 613 L. of Unity, Island of Gnemsey 614 L. of Temperance and Morality, Market Lavington 1810. 615 Doyle's L. of Fellowship, at Guernsey 616 At Torqnay, Devon 617 L. bf Bfirtherlj*^ Love, Martock, Somerset 618 Rbyal Cornwall L., Cornwall Regt. of Militia 619 L. of Union, Bine A'nohor, Portsea, Hants 620 Phoenix L. of Honour and Prudence, Traro, Cornwall 621 Torridzonian L., at Cape Coast Castle Mo. and Name 179S-1813. 1811. 622 L. of Virtue and Silence, H adleigh, Suffolk 623 *L. of Loyalty, Gnemsey 623 *St. David's L. of Perfect Friendship, Carmarthen 624 Lodge of Friendship, Chichester, Surrey 625 Lodge of Virtue and Honour, Totnes, Devon 626 Union York L., in 2nd Eegt. of West Tork Militia 627 L. of Content and British Union, Island of Cnracoa 628 Boyal Preston L., Preston, Lancashire 629 British L., at the Cape of Good Hope 1812. 631 St. John's L, Guildford, Surrey 632 L. of Eeotitude, Westbnry, Wilts 633 L. of Benevolence, Marple Bridge, Cheshire 634 Eoyal George L., Newton-Bushel, Devon 635 L. of Candour, Delph, Yorkshire 636 L. of Perseverance, Great Yarmouth, Norfolk 637 Vitruvian L., Eoss, Herefordshire 638 La Loge les Freres Eeunis, Kingston, Jamaica 639 Boyal Sussex L., Mermaid, Hackney 640 L. of Unanimity, King of Prussia, Penrith, Cumberland * By an error of numbering, the L. of Loyalty, Guernsey, and St. David's L., Carmarthen, are both No. 623. L. of Loj'Mty having refused to take that number. — Freemasons' Calendar {M8i) No. 630 is omitted, the The identification of Lodges, throughout the foregoing series of Lists, has only been rendered possible through the courtesy of the Grand Secretary, in permitting access to officials records and documents, to -whom I here express my grateful acknowledgments ; also to Bro. H. G. Buss, the obliging Assistant Grand Secretary, whose opinion on points of difficulty having. been readily given, wiU vest the conclusions arrived at with greater authority than they would otherwise command. My acknowledgments are also due to Bro. Walter Spencer (W.M. Bank of England Lodge, No. 263), for the loan of rare Masonic works, as well as for his scholarly criticism of these sheets whilst passing through the press. In conclusion, I would echo the words of a brother Craftsman (Elias Ashmole), penned nearly two-and-a-half centuries ago : — " And what presumptuous Mistaks, or Errors, the Candid Reader shall meet with, will (I hope) be censured with no lesse Favour and Charity, than that whereby they are wont to Judge the Faults of those they esteem their Friends and WelPwishersJ* 11 82 THE FOUR OLD LODGES. ADDENDA. pp 23-26 (§ 21 III.) The expression " Chapitres," which ooonrs in the original Norman-French of the Statutes 34 Edw. III. o. iz. (1360-61) and 3 Hen. VI. u. i. (1425), is rendered as " Chapters " and " Chapiters " respectively, in the translations of the two enactments. The publication, however, of these Statutes in English, waa| deferred until the 16th century (circa 1519), and we possess direct evidence that in 1383 (p 25) the meetings legislated against in 1360-61 and 1425, under the name of " Chapitres," were styled in the vernacular "Conventicles." The language of a law of 1529 (21 Hen. VIII. c. xvi.) is confirmatory of this view — "And that none of the said straungers, artyficers, or handycraftes men, should assemble in any company, felowship, congregacyon, or oonventyole, but onely in the Comon Hall of their Craffces," etc. p 25, mote 5, to add .-—The Statute 1 Edward VI. c. xiv. has the following—' Corporacioua, guy Ides, fraternities, companyes and felowshippes of misteryes or Crafts.' " p 32 (§ 24 Vn.) The Pilgrim Lodge, No. 238, the only Lodge in England conducting its proceedings in the German language, relin< quished its privilege of nominating one of the Grand Stewards on 8th February 1834, in consequence of the reduction of its numerical strength. This surrender, it may be added (on the authority of the original correspondence), was accepted by the Duke of Sussex " with much regret." p 50, List No. 11 (List of Lodges 1730-32). No. 79 on this List, The Castle, at Highgate (constituted 1731), paid two guineas for ita constitution on 21st November 1732. If, therefore, the Lodge at the Hoop, Philadelphia, was ever placed at this number (as contended by Bro. Hughan), it must have got there after November 1732 ! All experience shews, however, that if a foreign Lodge was once placed on the roll, there it remained for a long series of years. Thus the Lodges at Madrid, Paris, and Aubigny (constituted respectively in 1727, 1732, and 1735) were not removed from the Of&cial Calendar until 27th January 1768, though they had probably ceased to work within a few years of the dates of their establishment. (See last No. 13, note 13). CORRIGENDA. p 37, note 4, line five from bottom, for " knew their origin " read " know their origin." p 40, note 5, line two from bottom, for " compariea " read " com. panics." p 42 (§ 30) to rend—" The power of passing and raising Masons, continuously possessed by the old Lodges, from the introduction of the second and third degrees respectively, may be dismissed in a few words," etc. London : Printed at the Office of Thb Fbeemason's Oesoniclb, 67 Barbican, E.C.