rffj^: CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY BOUGHT WITH THE INCOME OF THE SAGE ENDOWMENT FUND GIVEN IN 1891 BY HENRY WILLIAMS SAGE '^i^r,i 7i%»j ^ i^i^fji 'MU.^-^f'B-^^Si^ . fjOTT msn^ mm PRINTED IN U.S.A. Cornell University Library PA 6807.A5C891 Virail's Aeneid / 3 1924 026 565 444 Cornell University Library The original of this book is in the Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924026565444 VIRGIL'S ^NEID, TRANSLATED LITERALLY, LINE BY LINE, INTO ENGLISH DACTYLIC HEXAMETER, REV. OLIVER CRANE, D. D., Corporate Member of the American Oriental Society. " Per Ardentem sine &aude Trojam Castas iEneas patriae superstes Liberum munivit iter, daturus Plura relictis." Horace^ Carmen Seculars^ 41-44* NEW YORK: THE BAKER & TAYLOR CO., 740 AND 742 Broadway. 1888. PA ■"fk^-XTTn • Copyright 1887, BY Rev. Oliver Crane, D. D. Sex <^ PRESS OF Jenkins & McCowan, 224-228 Centre St. PREFACE. It is a singular fact in the history of EngHsh Literature, that the first book printed in the Enghsh language was a " History of Troy," drawn mainly from the ^neid of Virgil, written first in French by Raoul le Feure, the Chaplain of Philip, Duke of Burgundy, and, at the command of the Duke, translated from the French, and printed as his first book, by William Caxton, the introducer of printing into England. Respecting this somewhat celebrated " first book," Caxton, in its title, says : " Whiche sayd translacion and werke was begonne in Brugis in the contree of Flaunders, the fyrst day of Marche, the yeare of the Incarnacion of our said Lord, a thousand four hondred sixty and eight, and ended and fynyshed in the holy cyte of Colen the xix day of Septembre, the yeare of our sayd Lord God, a thousand four hondred and enleven" (1471). The reason for such command to print it, is stated in the Biographia Britannica to be, " possibly to gratify the disposition there was at the time, in the English or British nation, to derive their original from Brutus and his Trojans." Subsequently Caxton issued " The Boke of Enydos ; compyled by Vyrgyle; which hath be translated oute of Latine into Frenche, and oute of Frenche, reduced into Englyeshe, by me, William Caxton, the 22d day of Juyn, the yere of our Lord 1490." This, though of inferior literary merit, was, however, well received, as being the first recognized translation into English of any part of the .iEneid. "The Hystory, Siege, and Dystruccyon of Troye," written by the monk, John Lydgate, about the year 1430, but not printed until 1513, hardly IV PREFACE. deserves mention in this connection, for it was in no sense a translation of the -/Eneid ; although its fine descriptions of rural scenery, and vivid portrayals of combats, as well as noble sentiments, made it popular at the time, though variously estimated by critics. But the honor of the first poetical version, in English, of the ^neid at all worthy the name must be accorded to Gawin Douglas, bishop of Dunkeld, Scotland, issued in 1553. This was, as it professed to be, a fairly close, and certainly spirited, rendering of the original, of the entire ^neid not only, but of the so-called 13th Book, added by Maphaeus Vegius; but, while regarded as English, it is in the broad Scotch dialect, scarcely intelligible now to those familiar only with modern English. Its literary excellence was evinced by its winning its way to popularity at once, and retaining it during that and the succeeding century, notwith- standing its dialectic peculiarities, and the appearance of other and ver- nacular versions. The second noteworthy attempt at a metrical version in English of any part of the ^Eneid was in 1557, by Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey, who translated the 2d and 4th Books into blank verse, a meter invented by himself, but which has since taken such high rank in English versifica- tion. This was a work of much literary ability ; but unfortunately his public duties prevented him from carrying it to completion. It is still by many highly prized for its closeness to the original, being a line by line translation, and for its vigorous and pure English diction. The next poetic version in English was that by Thomas Phaer, of the first seven Books, issued the following year, 1558, in an entirely different, though analogous, meter, which speedily becamfe popular, and was adopted by George Chapman in his celebrated translation of Homer's Iliad issued in 1596. Encouraged by the favorable reception of his work, Phaer applied himself to its completion; but he was able to carry it only as far as to " the first third of the 10th Book," when death interrupted his labors. It was, however, subsequently taken up and completed, in the. same style and meter, by Thomas Twyne, M. D., including the Vegian addition, now no longer admitted as worthy a place by the side of PREFACE. V Virgil's inimitable epic. Numerous editions of Phaer's translation were issued, and its fidelity and smooth versification give it still a high stand- ing in the estimate of scholars. But that was a transitional period, as well in its poetry as in the English language itself ; and poets seem, both in originals and in trans- lations, to have invented, or adapted, forms of verse to suit their own tastes; but, following in the wake of Chaucer, all hitherto appear to have adopted the iambic verse, as was the case in each of the above-mentioned versions of the ^neid, each being different from the others, but all iambic in structure. But now came of a sudden a signal innovation, not indeed in classic, but in traditional usage. Scarcely a decade had passed, since the issue of Phaer's and Twyne's completed version, when there appeared a work which was destined to a notoriety far beyond the innovator's anticipations ; and which at once became the target, rightly or wrongly, on which critics, with remarkable persistency, seemed to regard them- selves at liberty to practice their keenest archery. It was on the 20th of June, 1582, as stated by himself, that Richard Stanyhurst published " The first four Bookes of Virgil's .^neis, translated into English historicall verse," a singular combination of pentameter and hexameter, usually, however, classed with the latter. This was a venture in disregard of already established meters, which, while it proved a puzzle to the critics, leaving them in doubt, from its peculiarities, as to whether it was intended as a burlesque, or an honest effort at a literal rendering of the classic poet's verse in its original measure, evoked a general onslaught of unspar- ing, almost savage, criticism, which, for persistency, and evident intent at annihilating its object, has rarely been paralleled in literature. Ten years after its publication, Thomas Nash — no slight critic in his day — thus opens the assault : " Mr. Stanyhurst, though otherwise learned, trod a foul, lumbering, boisterous, wallowing measure in his translation of Virgil." One hundred years later, Thomas Warton, in his History of English Poetry, echoing the same note, writes : " In his choice of measure, he (Stanyhurst) is more unfortunate than his predecessors, and in other respects succeeded worse." A hundred years or more still later, Vi PREFACE. Robert Southey, the poet — wedded, as were all the poets and critics of his day, to iambics, as if intent on squelching him as a pest — asserts: "As Chaucer has been called the well of English undefiled, so might Stany- hurst be denominated the common sewer of the language." Poor Stany- hurst ! How little he realized the odium which the seemingly unwarranted temerity of his innovation would, for fully two hundred years, evoke. Nor is the ban, imposed so long ago upon the effort to revive a classic meter, even yet wholly lifted. Its practicability, and advisability, have been again and again discussed, and that by some of the ablest schol- ars, but with usually an adverse verdict. The poet-artist C. P. Cranch, in the Preface to his admirable blank-verse version of the .^neid, issued 1872, covers almost two pages in canvassing this much-debated question of translating the classic epics of Greece and Rome in what he styles " these quaint and trailing six-footers ; " and closes with the remark : " The difficulty of sustaining to the end, in hexameter, a poem so varied in thought and action as the .(Eneid, is a consideration which might well make the most gifted rhythmical artist shrink from the task ; a task ten- fold greater, if it be a main object with him to keep close to the literal phrasing of the text." This is simply a reiteration of an older decision, many times repeated with honest intentions by the masters of criticism in the past. With such reiterated intimidations, ancient and modern, warning against it, it hardly need occasion wonder that not a single hexametrical version of the .(Eneid (as far as the writer is aware) exists in the English language ; and, if the Virgilian Catalogue of the British Museum may be relied upon as a true exponent of facts in the case, only one has ever been even attempted ; but that one grappling with pre- cisely what the poet C. P. Cranch has signaled as so formidable, if not impossible, a " task." In 1865 there was published in London, in small, pamphlet-like form, an edition of" The .-Eneid in English Hexameters, by W. Grist, Head-master of Central Hill Collegiate School,Upper Norwood." The author, however, as if to forestall what seemed an impending storm of adverse criticism, states distinctly in his Preface, that the task was undertaken solely " to assist his own pupils in the work of translating PREFACE. VU Virgil, and in the composition of Latin hexameters." Only one Book of the -^neid in this form was issued. But why, it may reasonably be asked, such persistent disparagement of a legitimate meter, from the days of Thomas Nash down to the present time ; especially when the meter interdicted as inadmissible is certainly within the reach of the availabilities of the English as wellas other languages, and success in it, in other lines of poetry, is already marking the poetical achievements of the present age. It is becoming more than ever open to grave doubt whether the disparagement of hex- ameter, which has been so long sanctioned by the dictum of the older critics, is not after all an aspersion on the English tongue itself, than which no modern language is more pliable; none more capable of adapta- tion to all conceivable metrical forms. The late poet-scholar. Dr. James G. Percival, successfully reproduced in English nearly every meter found in classic lyric poetry ; and our much-lamented and universally honored national poet, the late Professor Henry W. Longfellow, has certainly shown, in his charming " Evangeline," and "Miles Standish," that the English is not incapable of being harnessed to the classic hexameter, and triumphantly achieving therein success, in a race for popular favor. In fact, Longfellow had, from his own admirable translations, become thoroughly convinced of its utility, if not indispensability, in giving the classic epics a fitting setting in English. To his friend, Mr. Fields, under date of April, 1871 (See Century magazine for April, 1886, page 891), he made this emphatic statement, embodying his own strong conviction : " To translate a poem properly, it must be done into the meter of the original ; and Bryant's ' Homer,' fine as it is, has this great fault, that it does not give the music of the poem itself" Dr. Edward Guest, in his History of English Rhythms, in like manner favors rather than discour- ages a similar correspondence, in translations from classic poets ; Matthew Arnold's advocacy of it for like purposes needs simply a reference. The nearly simultaneous appearance in England of three independent versions of Homer's Iliad in hexameter, viz., by E. W. Simcox (1865), by J. D. Dart (1865), and by Sir William W. Herschel (1866), only corroborates VUl PREFACE. the estimate of Professor H. W. Longfellow, and warrants, if it does not encourage, effort in it. This is a progressive age, welcoming improvement in every depart- ment of literature, as well as science and industry; and the time is fast approaching, if it has not come already, when disparagement of any justifi- able meter, and especially of one so inwoven with the epic poetry of ancient times, but whose capabilities in modern languages are as yet very far from being exhausted, will no longer be tolerated. " In German it has already become fully legitimated ; and why not welcome honest effort to popularize, in English, a measure which for ages was the recognized voicing of the heroic Muse, especially when its rich cadences, in classic languages, have continued to charm the ears of scholars, down through all the centuries of literature to the present time ? Objections, it is true, have been raised against the use of hexameter in English, and it is admitted that some of these have pertinence and weight ; but, when the availabilities of the English language are rightly understood and utilized, in their proper adaptations to it, these are not insuperable, and ought not to be allowed to put it under a perpetual ban. The crucial objection, that hexameter is suited only to languages such as the Greek and Latin, whose versification is based on quantity, and not to languages like the English, whose poetry is all controlled by accent, is more apparent than real ;. because it overlooks the flexible nature of hexameter, and totally ignores the value of accent as an element of power in language. It regards the variable cadence, made by the classic poets in their versificational collocation of consonants and vowels, as abso- lutely essential to hexametrical rhythm : whereas the exquisite charm of duly collocated accentuated words in verse is what constitutes one of the prime excellencies of the English, as a language rich in poetry and song. To render hexameter as available as iambic in English, the fact must be accepted that accent is a ruling factor in its versification; and the attempt to compel the ear, as has been perhaps too much the case in its use, to ignore its own culture, and shift accent to suit the poet's arbi- trary arrangement in his verse, must end in failure. In hexameter, as in PREFACE. IX all other meters, time is to be considered : and, as in music, so in prosody, the rhythm is marred at once, if cadence does not distinctly indicate its measure. The classic poets fully understood this, and secured their rhythm by variableness in accent and fixedness in quantity. Their ca- dences were a prosodical sacrifice of accent to rhythm. Hence, in reading their own poetry, they literally sang or chanted it, giving to each syllable a distinct ictus, or beat of the hand or foot, in keeping time. In fact, Virgil very plainly intimates this in his description of the combined music and song of Orpheus, in the ^neid, Book vi, 644-647 : while of Virgil's own reading, Professor H. Nettleship remarks: " Though slow in conversation, Virgil was a beautiful reader. His manner of recitation is said to have been sweet and wonderfully attractive ; so much so, that a contemporary poet, Julius Montanus, said that verses, which in them- selves seemed flat and dumb, sounded well when he read them ; such was the charm of his voice, pronunciation and gestures. We know how Octavia was affected by his reading of the lines about Marcellus." His reading was in strict accordance with the established rules of Latin prosody, which made quantity, and not accent, the basis of emphatic into- nation, and gave it such a charm to the ears of those to whom the Latin language was vernacular. Now let accent, in the same way, be al- lowed its full force and time, and not be arbitrarily imposed on syllables . where it does not naturally belong, and at once the ear, trained to the usev of an accentual language, in the same manner not only detects, but accepts- the effect produced, as agreeable. If accent be a legitimate factor in English versification, let it be recognized ; and then, with a strict adher- ence to it, and a due regard to vowel and consonant in the collocation of words, there is no valid reason why hexameter may not become equally naturalized in English as in German. A heavier tax, it is true, may thus be laid upon those who essay it with these restrictions ; but it does not follow that because the true ideal in it has often failed to be reached, therefore hexameter, as a meter, is to be ostracized as totally unsuited to naturalization in the English language. But closely allied is another objection, and by some considered still X PREFACE. more formidable, viz., that a lack of spondaic words in English precludes success in the use of hexameter in it, at least to the extent achieved in the polysyllabic Latin and Greek. This, too, is more ideal than real, for it overlooks an important fact in classic poetry ; for it assumes the neces- sity of a preponderance of spondees over dactyls for the perfection of hexametrical rhythm : whereas the preponderance of either of these fac- tors was a simple linguistic necessity, recognized distinctly by the classic poets themselves. The versatility of the Greek, notwithstanding its grammatical restrictions, gave the poets in it a wider range of choice in the structure of their meters than did the more stable Latin. In the latter, the very ponderousness of its words, and the unwieldy nature of its verbal suffixes in declensions, not only admitted, but necessitated, a larger spondaic elemertt in all the forms of its poetry, than in the more facile Greek, or in the notably less hampered modern languages. The Homeric hexameter is essentially dactylic, while the Virgilian, especially in the .(Eneid, is spondaic. Virgil rarely admits a pure dactylic line ; and when he does, it is evidently with studied effort for a specific effect, as in his well-known lines in Books viii, 596, and xi, 874 : while Homer, par- ticularly in the Iliad, gives freer rein to his choice ; and both — when sprightliness and spirited action invite it, as in the rush of thought in stir- ring descriptions — avail themselves of the dactylic movement as an element of life. But even in the ordinary run of their respective rhythms Homer's verse is in a more dactylic mold than Virgil's, and evidently from the necessities of their medium of thought. Hence Professor T. L. Papillon, in his admirably discriminate discussion of " The Virgilian Hexameter," in the Preface to his valuable edition of Virgil's Works, concludes : "It thus seems that Virgil, in adapting the Homeric hexameter to the Latin language, realized that the dactylic rhythm must be modified by a large admixture of ' spondei stabiles,' as Horace calls them (A. P. 256). A considerable majority of his verses have at least three spondees (including the last foot) ; and the proportion of fifteen such lines in ^neid i, i-io to nine in Iliad i, i-O, may be taken as a rough measure of the extent to which he carried out this PREFACE. XI modification of Homeric rhythm. A spondee in the first foot, contained in a single word and followed by a pause in sense, is almost the only cir- cumstance under which he seems to shrink from spondaic rhythm in the first four feet : and the somewhat slow and ponderous movement thus given to the verse at starting is reserved, as a rule, for the special expresr sion of solemnity or emotion." The twofold nature of the hexametric foot, therefore, was not only fully understood, but its availabilities laid hold of and utilized by the classic poets, in its adaptive use in their respective languages. Some of them indeed, notably Ennius, and after him Lucretius and Catullus, the latter two less glaringly, failed to discriminate, as fully as did Virgil, the necessity of adaptation, in their adoption of the Homeric meter ; and, in their efforts to reproduce in Latin his dactylic measure, were compelled to have recourse to archaisms and strained forms of expression which grated harshly on Latin ears, and made their poetry less grateful than Virgil's. To modern ears the spondee, in spite of the rich cadences of Virgil's rhythm, is heavy ; and its preponderance, in an extended poem, becomes monotonous : and hence the so often reiterated exception taken to imitative hexameter. The transfusion of the spondee-element has overloaded the verse ; and very naturally hexametrical translations have been, as already intimated, condemned as inadmissible, on the same score as were the poems of Ennius, because of their evidently exotic model in too close imitation. To modern ears the rhythm of smoothly flowing dactylic movement is pleasing rather than repulsive, as infusing life by the very sound of its recurring cadences ; and when just enough of the spondee-element is admitted to relieve monotony, the objection as to the heaviness of hexameter vanishes. Accordingly there can be no valid reason drawn from the meter itself, or from the demands of the epic Muse, or from modern taste, for insisting on a predominance of the spondaic over the dactylic element in hexameter, especially in English, in which monosyllabic words, derived mostly from the old Saxon, so profusely abound ; whilst the fact that the English does not admit of the syllabic endings in declensions of nouns. XU PREFACE. and but sparingly in verbs, which constitute so prominent a feature of the classic languages, becomes an additional reason for a larger freedom in hexameter than has usually been accorded. Its management, especially in a linear version of so extended and varied a poem as the ^neid, is indeed a formidable task ; but the large infusion into English of Latin and Greek and polysyllabic words, which, having become incorporated in the language, are tacitly available, renders the work of accommodation in it less difficult ; while it largely compensates for what some have deemed a defect in English, its paucity of inflections, save in well-nigh obsolete archaismal endings. But with all the draw- backs incident to its attempted naturalization in modern tongues, hex- ameter is too grand, and withal too ancient, a measure to be utterly dis- carded : and, while perfection in its difficult versification can at best be but proximate, honest endeavor to realize the poet Longfellow's ideal of translations, and his own personal effort to popularize it, is at least admissible : and, although classic models in their own languages are indisputable, yet rigidness in the application to modern languages, and especially to the English, of rules originally made for the availabilities and necessities of languages entirely different in their structural apti- tudes, savors perhaps too much of literary ostracism, and ill comports with modern evolutionary progress. No man better understood this than did the poet Longfellow, whose professional studies led him to a very thorough analysis of the elements and affinities of the flexible modern, as compared with the less flexible ancient languages. Hence, in his adoption of the epic meter of the classic poets in one of his longest and most finished poems, he deliberate- ly set aside, as incongruities, the hitherto rigidly applied canons of the classic verse, and determined to adapt a meter, rich in rhythm and varied in cadences, to the accentual and uninflectional requirements of the English tongue. Thomas Davidson, in his sketch of the Life and Writings of Prof H. W. Longfellow, in the 9th edition of the Encyclo- psedia Britannica (Vol XIV., p. 86i),discriminately notes this as a special characteristic of the Evangeline meter. " Though written," he remarks. PREFACE. Xlll "in a metre deemed foreign to English ears, the poem immediately at- tained a wide popularity, which it has never lost, and secured to the dactylic hexameter a recognized place among English metres.'' Hex- ameter in English can be popularized only as Longfellow has done it, viz., by subordinating the spondaic to the dactylic element, and not, as had been previously regarded essential in it, by strictly enforcing the ex- actions of a prosody based solely on quantity, but by bringing it into rhythmic conformity to the rules of structure and accent to which the language itself is subject. In the version here attempted, a latitude, both in the scope and structure, but not in the rhythm, has been designedly taken : but, in order more feasibly to secure the requisite supply of spondees in a linear rendering — for the spondaic element is not to be discarded — the Latin forms of proper names occurring have been uniformly retained. No violence surely can be considered done to modern nomenclature ; for no classic scholar can be offended by their retention : whilst uniformity of adherence to them throughout the work must familiarize the mere Eng- lish reader sufficiently to prevent misapprehension. For obvious reasons also — exactness and fidelity, if no other — the synonyms, used by Virgil himself to designate prominent nationalities, have been scrupulously retained in the version ; e. g., Danai (or Danaans), Achaians, Argives, Lacedemonians, Pelasgians, and Grecians for the Greeks ; and Teucrans, Dardans (or sons of Dardanus), Dardanians, Phrygians, Laomedons, .^neans, etc., for Trojans. The use of these by the poet was undoubtedly intentional, to avoid tautology, or to give a pleasing variety : and they are themselves evidence of his adaptive skill. They are retained, there- fore, not merely because they facilitate metrical adaptation, but because they allow the reader to see just what terms Virgil did use, which, being ignored by some translators, and accounted excrescences or redundancies by others, have been recklessly sacrificed, even by some of the best com- mentators of the ^neid. If Virgil's versatility of expression is to be appreciated, and his exceeding exuberance of diction be regarded of any value, the retention of these is a necessity absolute. The same is true ilV PREFACE. of Virgil's well-known habit, studiously sustained, of repeating- the same or analogous ideas in varied forms of expression, would be shorn of its charm — for charm it certainly is — if their peculiar phraseology were dis- regarded, and mere generalities substituted in their stead. It constitutes, in fact, one of Virgil's special excellencies as a poet-scholar, showing a very remarkable acquaintance with the nice distinctions of Latin syno- nyms : and yet a strictly literal reproduction of these so constantly recurring terms is one of the most formidable of all the difficulties with which a critical translator of the ^neid, whether in prose or verse, has to contend : yet, if these are left out, or undiscriminated, much of the rich aroma of his style would be lost ; for Virgil, as a poet, is exceed- ingly choice in the use of his words, every one seeming to have been chosen with the utmost nicety of taste, and regard for adaptation. To overlook his precision in these, therefore, were to mar the beauty of the word-picturing, in which he so preeminently, as a poet-artist, excels. It is these little gems of expression, by which a word often starts a beautiful image or analogy, that are so missed by those familiar with the original, in what were otherwise excellent versions. Poetic words are often just as precious as poetic thoughts, or poetic similes ; for they are an essen- tial part of the poet's art. Hence it has been a constant aim in the pres- ent version to preserve, as far as practicable, these word-pictures, as well as the nice distinctions in the frequently recurring synonymous terms, where the English would admit ; but where it failed to supply exact Correspondences of words, equivalents have been employed. As regards the ^NEID, the mere fact that it rose to the dignity of a classic so soon after the poet's death, and has maintained its position as such among scholars of all the civilized nations of Europe during all the past Christian centuries, certainly entitles it to a very high rank as a work of poetic art. Probably the works of no classic author — not even excepting the immortal Homer— have had so many and such extended commentaries written on them as the works of Virgil. The Virgilian catalogue of the British Museum covers seventy-four folio pages, and has PREFACE. XV references to upwards of 1250 editions contained in the Library, and these by no means comprise all that have ever been issued of Virgilian literature. Many of these issues, it will be remembered, consist of several, and some of them very huge volumes. The writer has one large folio volume, dated 1 586, and containing the combined commentaries of Dona- tus and Servius, in 2,220 closely printed pages ; and another, the compila- tion of Burmanus, of 2,680 pages, in four quarto volumes, and others almost equally voluminous. In fact Virgilian literature would make a library of no slight dimensions of itself, a testimony accorded to few authors, in like decisive expression, of any age. The .^neid was Virgil's greatest work, the one on which his fame as a poet has mainly rested, and will rest for all coming time. It has stood, with the Iliad of Homer, in undisputed preeminence at the head of epic poems in any language, ancient or modern. The more closely it is studied, the more deeply will the impression of it as such be made upon the mind. It would doubt- less have been more complete in its details, and more highly artistic in its finish throughout, if the poet had lived to give it, as was his earnest desire, his final touches. But as it is, it commands the admiration of every student of the classics. Professor Francis Bowen, in the Preface to his admirable Notes on it (1859), has very comprehensively summarized the characteristics of the .(Eneid as a poem. He remarks : "The ^neid is the most regular, finished, and uniformly sustained poem of its class. It is the perfection of art, as inimitable in its peculiar sphere, as the Apollo Belvidere is in statuary, or the Parthenon in architecture. The flow of easy and polished versification never fails, the narrative and descriptive passages are happily conceived and intermingled, and the characters and scenes are grouped with admir- able skill, having a proper connection with each other, and all contributing to the progress of the story. The imagination and taste of the writer are equally con- spicuous. The style never falls into bald and prosaic narration, and never offends by excessive or misplaced ornament. The choice and arrangement of words are so felicitous, as often to remind the reader of a curious and tasteful piece of mosaic or inlay work. Yet the composition does not appear studied and constrained, but generally proceeds with an air of natural grace and simplicity. The imposing and majestic tone of many passages kindles and elevates the feelings, and the reader is frequently hurried away by the energy of the style, and the fervor and spirit of the description. An admirable judge of effect, Virgil never wearies by monotony, nor XVI PREFACE. offends by sudden starts or forced transpositions. The scenes and images are fitly disposed, to heighten each other by contrast, to astonish by their variety and grand- eur, and to please by their vividness and beauty. The sentiments are dignified and generous, and are nobly expressed both in words and actions. A profound student of the human heart, the poet touches the chords of softer feeling, or expresses the violent workings of passion with equal power. Moral suffering is delineated with touching effect, and the strife of opposite emotions, the urgency of terror, and the pathos of despair are vividly presented, and leave a deep impression on the mind. The character and history of Dido afford conclusive proof, that if Virgil had chosen dramatic writing for his province, he might have equalled or surpassed the noblest tragedies of the Greeks." In comparing Virgil with Homer, Professor Bov/en adds : " He could not rival the energy, simplicity and truth of his predecessor, but he could avoid the rudeness, inequalities and defects of his model. In richness of ornament and purity of style, in polished and harmonious versification, in elegance, propriety and uniformity, in inventing probable incidents and uniting them into a connected whole, in clearness of conception and dignity of speech, in correctness of delineation and sustained elevation of style, in striking contrasts and pathetic effect — in a word, in all the qualities of art, the ^neid is greatly superior to the Iliad and the Odyssey." Every scholar vi^ill, in the main, most heartily endorse this exceed- ingly discriminate estimate by one of the most distinguished literary critics of our country and times : and yet there must ever be, in every impartial mind, a reservation in praising the hero, .tineas, whom Virgil sought to ennoble in the eyes of his countrymen. Possessed, as depicted by the poet, of unquestionably noble traits, and human in all his acts, still his treatment of the lovely queen. Dido, was simply execrable, and utterly unworthy the high distinction with which the poet has sought to invest him. There is really no palliation for it, save in the low standard of morals fostered by the religious systems in vogue in Rome at its palm- iest period (the Augustine), when Virgil lived and wrote. If, as some have contended, it was a concession to the corrupt sentiments of the imperial court, then are we not at liberty to infer that it was the simple protest of his own better judgment against such concession, that led the poet to insist, as his dying request, that at his death the Mneid should be destroyed .' Whether this be so or not, Virgil nowhere in the poem PREFACE. XVU attempts to justify iEneas in his conduct in the case, on the score of honor or morality ; but he simply (though unsuccessful, as he himself must have felt) strives to enlist in his readers' minds, a counter sympathy for his hero, as a victim of fate. But it is a blemish on the hero's char- acter, clinging, in the readers' memory, to him through all his subsequent career, in spite of desire to banish it. But with this one notable exception, ^neas stands before us throughout the .^neid as an object of admiration, not always indeed the highest, but always commanding the respect and prompt obedience of his comrades ; and so winning an interest, and often carrying with him our profoundest sympathy. We accord him instinctively a very high place in our esteem for his filial devotion, his evidently sincere religious veneration, and as having a heart ever pulsing with human kindness, and warm with responsive human sympathies. We love him, notwithstanding his glaring fault, for the love he ever shows to those at home, his father, wife, son ; and our sympathy is, from the outset, enlisted in his behalf, as the victim of supernal wrath, and the fate-buffeted hero of a noble race. Virgil's forte is in his descriptive power. He sketches nature with a master's hand, never blundering in his touches. His love of nature is genuine : his eye catches the delicate phases of her manifestations, as well in inanimate as in animate objects ; in landscapes, and in the group- ing of external scenery, as in the intense activities of sentient life. But his insight into human passions, and the springs of human action, and the forms of their development, is that of an expert : he is in it well-nigh unrivaled. His delineations of character are all singularly life-like and true : and such is the marvelousness of his skill in sketching, that some- times a single sentence, an incident, an epithet, a mere word, will flash to view a living character, with a life-likeness, which, like the image in the camera thrown on a delicately sensitized plate, photographs itself on the memory instantaneously and indelibly. And what gives these character- pictures such a value is that there is no confusion in them, no mistaking one for the other : each is distinct, and cannot be forgotten. His " fidus Achates," from first to last, is a model of subservient fidelity. Barce, the SVIU PREFACE. elderly nurse of Dido, though but incidentally introduced, is a perfect por- trait — a type, as she so naturally might be, of feminine senility ; a bus- tling, fussy old woman, more eager to do the bidding of her royal mistress than to consult her own convenience and comfort. Dido herself is one of the best-sketched characters in the poem. She is a queen, beautiful in appearance, and queenly in actions and spirit, notwithstanding^ her womanly weakness. Her cordial welcome to the shipwrecked wander- ers, the unstintedness of her generosity, the nobleness of her sentiments, and the quenchless warmth of her attachment, together with her sad early history and her tragic death, beget an intense sympathy for her. We pity her ; and, though her untimely end is seemingly the natural sequence of her highly dramatic cast of character, yet no one can read the story of her experiences, and remain indifferent to the rising impulses of compassion started by it. Her traits are as finely drawn as the feat- ures of a portrait painted by Raphael or Michael Angelo. The hand of the artist is as clearly discernible in Dido's portraiture as in that of ^neas, or Turnus, or the vacillating Latinus. Even her indignantly scornful bearing on meeting ^neas, her destroyer, in the under- world, is in perfect keeping with her queenly spirit, as so truthfully and graphi- cally depicted in her life. Each character, in fact, throughout the entire poem, is a study of itself ; each moving, however casually introduced, in his or her own sphere, instinct with living attributes. Turnus is a hero of the rarest type, and deserving a nobler destiny than the poet, by way of contrast for the greater exaltation of his own chosen hero, ^neas, has seen fit to assign him. Mezentius, too, in spite of his contempt for the gods and his soured look on humanity, has, nevertheless, strong human traits ; and the poet's description of his tragic end is one of the finest scenes in the . Thine is the task to explore ; my due is to meet thy requirements. Thou whatsoever is mine, this kingdom, my sceptre, and Jove, too, Winnest me, grantest me thou to recline at the deities' banquets. Yea, and thou makest me potentate also of storrns and of tempests." 80 These words spoken, with uptwirled barb he the cavernous mountain Thrust in the flank, and the winds forthwith, like a marshalled battalion, Rush where the portals have yielded, and blow o'er the lands in a cyclone : Down on the sea they have swooped, and the whole to its nethermost soundings Surge they at once, the East-wind and South, and, surcharged with tornadoes, 85 Afric's sorocco ; ponderous roll to the beaches the billows. Shouts of the seamen ensue, and the stridulous creaking of 6ordage ; Darkening clouds of a sudden away both the sky and the day-light Snatch from the eyes of the Teucrans : night broods dark on the ocean. Thundered the poles, and the firmament glitters with flashes incessant ; 90 All things seemingly threaten immediate death to the heroes. Straightway relaxed by a shivering chill are the limbs of ^neas ; Deeply he groans, and, extending his two palms ruefully starward. Thus with his voice breaks forth : O thrice and quadruple happy They, who in sight of their sires, 'neath Troja's imperial ramparts, 95 Chanced to expire ! O Tydides, most brave of the race of the Danai, Why could it not have been mine to have fallen on Ilium's blood-drenched Plains, and have poured this life by thy right hand out, where the ruthless Hector lies low by ^acides' shaft, where the mighty Sarpedon Glorious rests, where the Samois, caught in its surges, 100 4 THE /ENEID. Rolls on bucklers, and helmets, and brawniest bodies of heroes ? " While thus casting about, from the north has a roaring tornado Stricken aback his sails, and is heaving the waves to the planets. Snapped at the thwarts are the oars ; then broaches the prow, and the broadside Swings to the billows ; precipitous tumbles a mountain of waters. 105 These on the top-wave hang, and those does the billow in yawning Lay bare the earth in the troughs, and the undertow burrows the bottom. Three does the south-wind, snatching up, hurl on insidious ledges — Ledges th' Italians call in the midst of the billows the Altars- Ridges immense at the sea-line: the east wind three from the deep sea no Urges amain on the shoals and the quicksands, grievous to witness ! Runs them aground on the shallows, and girds them around with a sand-bank. One, that was wafting the Lycian troops and the faithful Orontes, Right in sight of his own eyes, down from its summit a huge sea Strikes on the stern-deck : pitched from his perch, and. prone, is the helmsman 115 Rolled off headlong ! Three times whirling, the wave in the same spot Spins her around, and the swift-flowing eddy in ocean engulfs her. Sparsely are seen there floating about in the fathomless whirlpool. Armor of men on the billows and timbers and treasures of Troja. Now has Ilioneus' staunch ship, now that of valient Achates; 120 That in which Abas was wafted, and that of the aged Aletes Hapless succumbed to the storm: through the loosened seams of their broadsides All take in the inimical shower, and- gape with the fissures. Meanwhile the ocean embroiled in a mightily murmuring uproar. Storms let loose, and the stilled depths stirred to their nethermost soundings, 125 Neptune profoundly shocked hath perceived; and, up from the deep sea Gazing abroad, hath his calm head raised o'er the crests of the billows. There he discovers all over the surface the fleet of .^Eneas Strown, and the Trojans oppressed by the waves and the ruin of heaven : Not unaware was her brother of Juno's intrigue and resentment: 13c Summons he to him the East-wind and West-wind, and thus he bespeaks them: " Hath such a confidence then in your high-born pedigree seized you, That ye now heaven and earth, without my divinity's sanction, Dare, O ye winds, to embroil, and to heap up these mountainous masses ? Whom I — but first it behoves me to quell the tumultuous billows: 135 Ye shall atone me offences by no like penance hereafter. Instantly hasten your flight, and this message convey to your sovereign: ' Not unto him do the sway of the sea and the terrible trident Fall, but to me by allotment: he tenants the desolate rock-lands, Your habitations, O East- wind; there in his palace himself let 140 BOOK I. 5 ^olus bluster, and reign o'er his close-barred prison of storm-winds." Spake he, and quicker than speech he assuages the turbulent waters: Puts he to flight the collected clouds, and discloses the sunshine. Triton at once, and Cymothoe, pushing amain from the sharp crag Heave off the vessels; himself, too, easing them up with his trident, 145 Opens the fathomless quicksands and tempers the face of the waters: Then in his chariot lightly he glides o'er the crests of the billows; Just as when oft, in the midst of a mighty assembly, a rampant Riot has risen, and rage in their souls the contemptible rabble: Now fly torches and cobbles, for fury supplies them with weapons; 150 Then, if perchance they a man for his virtues and piety honored Spy, they are silent, and riveted stand on the stretch of attention : He by his arguments governs their passions, and quiets their bosoms: So all the roar of the ocean subsided, when over its surface Gazing, the father, upwafted in open heaven, his coursers 155 Turns, and away as he flies gives reins to his prosperous chariot. Weary at length, the ^neans the shores which are nearest by scudding Struggle to reach, and are rounded away to the Libyan headlands: There, in a deep recess, is a spot, where an island a harbor Forms by its upthrown sides, on which every wave from the deep sea 160 Broken is checked, and distributes itself into separate bayous. Frowning on either side are stupendous cliffs, and their twin-peaks Threaten in heaven, and under their summits protected the waters Widely are silent; while there, in the shimmering woods, is an arbor; Darkly a thicket o'erhangs it above with its horrible shadows; 165 Under its opposite front with its pendulous cliffs is a grotto; In it are sweetest of waters and benches of natural granite — Home of the nymphs: no cables here ever are holding the storm-racked Vessels; no anchor, with grappling fluke, to their moorings secures them. Hither ^neas with seven ships gathered at length from the whole fleet's 170 Number, retreats, and the Trojans, with longings intense for the mainland, Glad disembark from on board, and, enjoying the coveted sand-beach. Eagerly straighten their brine-drenched joints to repose on the seashore. Now at the outset. Achates a spark struck out of a flint-stone; Caught he the fire on the leaves, and the dry combustibles round it 175 Furnished abundant, and rapidly fanned up a flame in the fuel. Then they the cereals soaked by the waves and utensils of Ceres, Weary of hazards, unlade, and the fruits that were saved from the ship stores Bring, and prepare in the flames to parch, and on granite to crush them. Meanwhile, ^neas, an eminence climbs, and intently the whole wide _ 180 6 THE iENEID. Prospect, scans far over the ocean, if possibly Antheus, Tossed by the wind, he may sight, and his high-benched Phrygian galleys, Or else Capys, or arms on the lofty stern of Caicus. No, not a vessel in sight, but instead three stags on the sea-beach Spies he strolling about; whole herds as their retinues follow 185 These at the rear, and a long train grazes at large through the valleys. Halted he here, and his bow in his hand, and his feathery arrows Hastily seized, the weapon which faithful Achates was bearing. Foremost the leaders themselves, their heads uplifting aloft with Tree-like antlers, he levels; then routs the promiscuous rabble, 190 Driving the whole drove on mid the foliaged grove with his weapons; Nor does he stop, till he seven huge carcasses there as a victor Stretches out slain on the ground, the number that equals his vessels; Hence he repairs to the harbor and shares them with all his companions. Then he the wine, which the noble Acestes had laden in wine casks 195 Late on Trinacria's shore, and the hero had given at parting. Deals out, while in addresses he comforts their sorrowing bosoms: ' ' Comrades — for not inexperienced are we in reverses aforetime — Bravers of sorer, to these, too, shall deity grant us a limit. Ye have encountered the fury of Scylla, and crags that re-echo 200 Deeply within it; and ye have, moreover, Cycl'opian rock-dens Fearless explored ! re-encourage your souls and your gloomy forebodings banish: These scenes you will doubtless delight to remember hereafter ! On through these varied disasters, through many a risk of adventures, Tend we to Latium, where fates point us to peaceful possessions: 205 There are yet destined again to arise the dominions of Troja; Firm then endure, and prepare yourselves for the prosperous issues." Thus with his voice he bespeaks them, yet, sick from accumulate troubles, ''Hope in his countenance feigns, and at heart he represses his anguish.. Gird they themselves for the game, and the viands which now are in waiting: 210 Strip they the hides from the ribs, and lay open to view the intestines. Part cut up, and affix on the spits, the quivering fragments; Others set caldrons on shore, and the fires enkindle around them , Then with the food they recover their strength, and, reclined on the green sod, They are with good old Bacchus and juciest venison stated. 215 After their hunger was cloyed, and removed are the viands and tables, They in protracted discourses inquire for their absent companions, Still in suspense 'twixthope and fear, or to count them as living, Or as enduring their last, and no longer to hear them in calling: Chiefly the pious JEneas the loss of the sprightly Orontes 220 BOOK I. 7 Now, and anon, too, of Atnycus mourns, and apart the inhuman Fates of Lycus and Gyas the valiant, and valiant Cloanthus. Now was an end, when Jupiter down from the uppermost asther, Gazing abroad on the sail-winged sea, and the regions adjacent, Scanning the shores and the broad tribes, thus on the summit of heaven 225 Paused, and absorbmgly fastened his eyes on the Libyan kingdoms. Him then pondering over such paramount cares in his bosom, Sadder than wont, and suffusmg her eyes into glistening tear-drops, Venus addresses: "O thou, who the fortunes of men and immortals Swayest in infinite sovereignty ever, and awest with thunder, 230 What can my noble ALv\ea.s so great have committed against thee ? What can the Trojans have done, that enduring so many bereavements, All the wide circle of lands, for Italia's sake, is debarred them ? Surely that hence there hereafter should be, with the rolling of ages, Romans; that hence should be chiefs from the blood reinstated of Teucer, 235 Who were the sea and the lands to possess in an absolute empire. Thou hast explicitly promised: What sentiment, father, hath changed thee? I was by this e'en the fall and the sorrowful ruins of Troja Wont to relieve, when fates with fates in a counterpoise weighing. Now does~the same lot follow the men, by so many disasters 240 Hounded: whatiimit, O sovereign supreme, dost thou grant to these hardships? Safe could Antenor indeed, when escaped from the midst of the Argives, Penetrate far the Illyrian bayous, and innermost sections Reach of Liburnians' realms, and could pass by the source of Timavus; Whence it, through nine mouths bursting with echoing roar of the mountains, 245 Issues a sea, and careers o'er the meadows a resonant ocean. Here he the city Patavium still, and abodes of the Teucrans Planted, and gave to the nation its name, and appended the Trojan Armor, and now he at rest in a peaceful composure reposes. We, thy descendants, to whom thou ordainest the castle of heaven, ■ 250 We, with our shipping — O awful !— a wreck, for the grudge of a single One, are abandoned, and sundered afar from Italia's confines. Sire, is this piety's honor ? Thus dost thou to sceptres restore us ? " Tenderly smilmg upon her, the father of men and immortals, With the sereneness of visage by which he the sky and the tempests 255 Calms, kissed gently the lips of his daughter, and thus he bespeaks her: " Spare thy alarm, Cytherea: remain unaffected thy kindreds' Fates unto thee: thou shalt gaze on Lavinium's city and promised Ramparts, yea, and sublimely shalt waft to the planets of heaven Thy high-minded ^neas: no, there hath no sentiment changed me. 260 8 THE ^NEID. He — for I kindly will tell thee, and, since this solicitude gnaws thee, Wider unrolling the secrets of fates, will array them before thee — He shall a mighty war in Italia wage, and shall crush out Barbarous tribes, and establish for men regulations and ramparts, Until the third year's summer hath seen him in Latium reignmg, 265 Until there three full winters have passed with Rutulians vanquished. As for the youthful Ascanius, to whose name is liilus Added — for Illus it was while the Ilian dynasty lasted — Thirty superior cycles, with months to revolve in their orbits, He shall complete in his reign, and his court from Lavinium's homestead 270 Shift, and shall Alba Longa invest with impregnable power. Here now on in succession, for three hundred years, shall dominion Vest in the peerage of Hector, till Ilia, princess and priestess. Pregnant by Mars, shall bring forth twins at a birth as her offspring; Then shall, elate with the tawny hide of a wolf as his mother, 275 Romulus take up the nation, and, sacred to Mars, shall a city Found, and shall thence, from his own name, title its citizens Romans. Them I appoint no assignable limits, nor seasons of conquest ; Boundless the sway I have given them. But as for petulant Juno, Who now the sea and the lands and the heaven with terror harasses, 280 She for the better shall model her schemes, and with me she shall cherish Romans, the lords of achievements, the toga-distinguishing nation : Such is my pleasure. The epoch shall come, in revolving of ages, When the Assaracan hduse shall Phthia, and famous Mycenae Proudly reduce to dependence, and reign over subjugate Argos. 285 There shall a Trojan be born of illustrious lineage, C^sar, Who shall his empire bound by the ocean, his fame by the planets, Julius, a name transmitted direct from the mighty liilus. Thou shalt hereafter to heaven, with spoils from the Orient laden. Welcome him safely, and he, too, be worshipped with votive oblations. 290 Then shall 'the barbarous ages grow milder, and wars chall be ended ; Vesta, and hoary Faith, and Quirinus, with Remus his brother. Joined shall administer justice, and war's dire portals, with rivets Welded with iron, be bolted, and impious Fury within them. Seated on truculent armor, and bound from behind with a hundred 295 Brazen links, rave horrid, with mouth all dripping with gore-clots." Spake he, and straight from on high he dispatches his Maia-born herald Down, that the lands and the new-built castle of Carthage be opened Friendly to Teucrans, lest, unaware of their destiny. Dido Drive them away from her confines. Swiftly he flies on the mighty 300 BOOK I. I t I, in my twice ten vessels, embarked on the Phrygian waters ; Pointing my way was my mother divine, and I, heeding her omens ; Seven now barely survive, and they shattered by billows and east wind. I, as a stranger, in want, through the Libyan wilderness wander. Beaten from Europe and Asia." No more of his plaintive recital 385 Venus endured ; but she thus, in the midst of his grief, interrupted : " Thou, whosoever thou art, not unfriended, I trust, by celestials, Breathest the vital air, who hast come to a Tyrian city, Only proceed, and advance to the queen's imperial threshold ; For I announce thy companions restored, and thy vessels returning, 390 Wafted in safety to port by a fortunate change of the north winds. Unless, vainly pretending, my parents have augury taught me. Look at yon twice six swans, in re-mustering column exulting, 'Whom late, swooping from regions of aether, was Jupiter's eagle, Routing in open heaven, now earthward, in order unbroken, 395^ Seem or about to alight, or now scanning the spots for alighting : .Just as regathered they, merrily sporting on stridulous pinions. Round in a cluster have circled the pole, and their melodies uttered ; So, and no otherwise also, thy vessels and youthful companions, Either are anchored in port, or are under full sail in the offing : 400 Only proceed, and direct thou thy steps where the highway conducts thee." Spake she, and turning, she flashed from her roseate neck an effulgence ; While from her head her ambrosial tresses a heavenly perfume Round her exhaled, and her robe draped down to her feet in its foldings : True, in her mien, was the goddess apparent. As soon as he knew her 405 There as his mother, in strains like this he pursued her escaping : " Wherefore, O dost thou so often and cruel, in phantom appearings, Wheedle thy son ? and why is it never allowed me to clasp thy Hand in my own, and to hear and return undissembled responses ?" 410 Thus does he chide her, and soon he is wending his steps to the ramparts ; But in a dim haze now, as they journey, hath Venus enclosed them. Yea, and the goddess shed round them a plentiful cloudy envelope, JLest there should any discern them, or any be able to harm them, )0r a delay interpose, or should challenge the cause of their coming. She unto Paphus sublimely departs, and revisits her own courts 415 ■iPleased, where a temple is hers, and with incense Sabaean a hundred Altars are glowing, and odors from fresh-wreathed garlands exhaling. They have the meanwhile taken the road, where the pathway directs them. And were now climbing a hillock, which full o'er the neighboring city Beetles, and high from above looks down on the opposite castles. • — " 420 12 THE jENEID. Wonders ^neas at ppe so imposing, where latdy were hovels ; Wonders he, too, at the gates, and the din, and the thoroughfares' pavements. Press on the Tynans hotly, a part in extending the town-walls ; Part in constructing the castle, by hand up-rolling the ashlers ; Part in selecting a house-lot, and trenching it round with a furrow : 425 Laws they enact, and magistrates choose and a reverend senate. Here some are dredging a harbor, there others a" theatre's deep-laid Solid foundations are laying, and columns immense from the quarries Hewing, the ornamentations superb for the scenes of the future : Such toil busies the bees in the earliest summer on flowery 430 Meads in the sunshine, when they the full-grown brood of their nation Marshal abroad, or when they in turn are the liquefied honey Storing away, or with sweetest of nectar distending the comb-cells ; Or are the loads of incomers receiving, or, forming a squadron. Forcefully driving the drones, an indolent herd, from the bee-hives : 435 Hot is the service, and scented with thyme is the odorous honey. " O ye fortunate ones, whose ramparts already are rising !" Broaches ^Eneas, as upwards he peers at the domes of the city. In he betakes him, enshrouded in vapor — a marvel to utter ! In through the midst, and immingles with men undiscovered by any. 440 There was a grove, most grateful in shade, in the midst of the city, Where at the outset the Funics, when tossed by the wave and the whirlwind, Dug up a sign on the spot, which of old had imperial Juno Shown them, the head of a spirited charger, for so would in warfare Theirs be a nation renowned, and for ages of easy subsistence. 445 There was Sidonian Dido to Juno a gorgeous temple Founding, enriched with the gifts and the glory enshrined of the goddess ; Bronzed on its steps were arising its thresholds, and firm were its timbers Jointed with bronze, and its hinges were grating on portals of bronze-work. First in this grove did a singular object, presented before him, ' 450 Calm his anxiety ; here did ^neas first venture to cherish Hope of his safety, and firmer to trust in his tottering prospects : For, as he eagerly scans each thing 'neath the gorgeous temple, Waiting the queen ; while he at what fortune betided the city. And at the hand of the artists compared with the toil of the structures, 455 Wonders, he there beholds in their order the Ilian battles [world, Sketched, and the wars that already were blazoned by fame through the whole Sees the AtridM and Priam, and cruel to either Achilles. Paused he, and weeping, " Already," says he, " what spot, O Achates, Nay, what region of earth is not verily full of our struggle ? 460 BOOK I. 13 Yonder is Priam ! e'en here are its own rewards for achievement ; Trials have tears, and the mind is touched by the sorrows of mortals : Banish alarm, this renown will afford thee yet something of safety.'' So he exclaims, and regales his soul with the shadowy picture, Frequently sighing, and drenches his face with a bountiful river : 465 For he was viewing how once round Pergamus warring, the Grecians Hither were fleeing, as closely the Trojan warriors pressed them. Phrygians thither, as crested Achilles with chariot chased them. Not far hence he the tents of Rhesus anon, from their snow-white Canvas, distinguishes weeping, betrayed in the earliest slumber : 470 Atreus' son was despoiling them, gory from many a slaughter. Turning his steeds to his camps before they could either Taste of the pastures of Troja, or drink of the waters of Xanthus. Elsewhere also is Troilus fleeing, bereft of his armor; Ill-starred youth, and unequally matched in engaging Achilles, 475 Borne by his steeds, yet he clings, though flat on his back, to his empty Chariot, clutching the reins, and his neck and his hair on the earth were Trailed, and the dust is scrawled by the back-turned barb of the war-spear. Meanwhile up to the temple of prejudiced Pallas, were wending Ilian matrons, with tresses disheveled, and bearing Minerva's 480 Mantle, as suppliants, sad, and beating their breasts with their flat palms ; Fixed on the ground was the goddess holding her eyes in aversion. Thrice round Ilium's walls the inhuman Achilles had Hector Dragged, and was selling for gold the inanimate body to Priam. Verily then does he heave from his innermost bosom a burdened 485 Sigh, as he gazed on the spoils, and the chariot, aye, and his dear friend's Body, and Priam extending his unarmed hands in entreaty ! Here he distinguished himself, too, mixed with the chiefs of Achaia ; Yonder the orient ranks, and the armor of ebony Memnon ; There, with their crescent shields, is conducting her Amazon squadrons 490 Furious Penthesilea, and fumes in the midst of the thousands. Binding a golden girdle beneath her protuberant bosom ; Warrior-maiden she dares to contend with the masculine foemen. While these wonders engross the attention of Dardan .^neas ; Whilst he is charmed, and lingers absorbed in a motionless posture, 495 Lo I at the temple the queen, in her person most beautiful, Dido Now has arrived, with a mighty encompassing escort of soldiers : Such on the banks of Eurotas, or over the ridges of Cynthus, Marshals Diana her dancers ; around her a thousand attendant Mountain Oriads cluster, on this side and that : she her quiver 500 14 THE ^NEID. Bears on her shoulder, and gracefully stepping outrivals each goddess ; Joyous emotions are thrilling the bosom serene of Latona : Such, too, was Dido, and such was she joyous and dignified moving On through their midst, intent on her duties and future dominions. Then at the gates of the goddess, the median arch of the temple, 505 Guarded by armor, and high on a throne supported she sat down : Justice and laws she was dealing to men, and the task of their service Meting in equable shares, or assigning them out by allotment : When, of a sudden, ^neas descries, with a numerous concourse, Antheus approaching, and with him Sergestus, and valiant Cloanthus : 510 Different Teucrans besides, whom late on the waters a whirlwind Dismal had scattered, and wafted afar unto different seaboards. He for the moment was startled, and shocked for the moment Achates, Both with rejoicing and fear : they impatient were burning to grasp them Hand in hand, but their souls was the unknown issue perplexing. 515 They remain in disguise, and, by sheltering vapor enveloped. Watch the behoof of the men, on what shores they abandon their vessels. Wherefore they come, for selected from all of the ships they were coming. Praying a lenient hearing, and seeking with clamor the temple. Then, when admitted, and leave has been granted of speaking before her, 520 Chieftain Ilioneus thus with a tranquillized bosom proceeded : " August Queen, whom Jove hath permitted to found thee a recent City, and bring in subjection by equity insolent nations, Trojans in misery, wafted by winds over every high sea. Humbly entreat thee to wsLtd from our ships the ineffable fire-brands ; 525 Spare thou a pious race, and more nearly regard our condition. No, we have not, with the sabre to ravage the Libyan home-gods,' Come, nor to hurry our stolen plunder away to the sea-beach : No such abuse in our souls — such presumption becomes not the vanquished. There is a spot, Hesperia Grecians distinctively term it ; 530 Ancient the land, and potential in arms' and in richness of tillage ; Men of Qinotria settled it, now by report have their offspring Titled the nation Italia, named from the name of their leader ; Thither our course was : — When from the wave, of a sudden arising, the stormy Orion 53S Bore us on hidden shoals, and afar by imperious South-winds, On through the billows and whelming brine, through impassable ledges. Drove us apart; we have drifted a few of us here to your borders. What is this race of men ? What country so rude does this custom Tolerate ? We are debarred the civility even of strandage ! 540 BOOK I. 15 War they declare, and forbid us to land on the outermost mainland ! If ye the human race contemn, and the armor of mortals. Yet, O expect it, the gods are regardful of fair-play and foul-play ! We had a monarch, ^neas,. than whom no other has juster Been nor in piety greater, nor greater in battle and armor. 545 Ah I if the fates still keep him a man ; if he feeds on the air of Heaven, and lies not lowly as yet in the merciless shadows, Fear there is none that thou mayest in having been first in extending Kindness repent thee. We have in alliance, in Sicily's regions. Cities and meadows, and, sprung from the blood of a Trojan, Acestes. 550 Suffer us merely to haul on shore our unfortunate, wind-racked Fleet, and to fit us out spars, and hew us out oars from the forests : So, if allowed to embark for Italia, our king and companions Rescued, we may to Italia and Latium journey rejoicing. But if of safety bereft, and, if, excellent father of Teucrans, 555 Libya's ocean possess thee, and hope no longer remains of liilus. Yet we at least to Sicania's straits, and our distant possessions. Whence we were hitherward borne, may betake us to monarch Acestes." In such tenor Ilioneus : loudly at once were applauding All the Dardanians : — 560 Briefly at length, with a downcast countenance. Dido bespeaks them : '' Teucrans, dispel the alarm from your bosoms, and banish misgivings ; Exigence stern, and my kingdom's incipience force me to manage Thus, and compel me to station my sentinels out on the frontiers. Who cannot know of the race of ^Eneas and city of Troja, 565 Or of the valor, and heroes, and blaze of that terrible warfare ? Bosoms so utterly blunted to pity we Funics possess not : Yokes not the sun his steeds so remote from the Tyrian city. If ye Hesperia mighty indeed, and Saturnian meadows. Rather desire, or the confines of Eryx and monarch Acestes, 570 I will dismiss you with escort safe, and with money assist you : Would you conjointly with me prefer to reside in these kingdoms ? Then is the city I build your own. Go haul up your vessels ; Trojan and Tyrian each shall be treated impartially by me f But I would that ^neas, your monarch himself, by the self-same 575 South-wind driven, were present ! Through all of my coasts I will trusty Couriers send, and will bid them investigate Libya's utmost Bounds, if perchance he in forest or cities may wander." Thrilled in soul by these words of the queen both the valiant Achates Now, and the father ./Eneas, were all this time from the cloud-screen 580 l6 THE ^NEID. Anxious, to buTst : but prior Achates addresses ^neas. " Goddess-born, in thy mind what sentiment now is arising ? All things safe thou beholdest, our fleet and companions recovered ; Bare one missing, whom we in the midst of the billow ourselves saw Drowned, but the rest all answers exact to the words of thy mother ! " 585 Scarce had he uttered these words, when the compassing cloud of a sudden Parts asunder, and vanishes sheer in invisible sether. There stood stately ^neas, and shone, in the radiant sun-light, God-like in features and shoulders throughout ; for his mother herself had Timely the exquisite locks, and the crimson brilliance of manhood 590 Breathed on her son, and invested his eyes with enrapturing graces : Elegance such as hands to the ivory add, or when either Silver, or Parian marble is circled with yellowest gold-work. Then thus he speaks to the queen, and in hearing of all, of a sudden, Says unexpectedly : " I, whom ye seek, am in person before you, 595 Trojan ^neas, recovered unharmed from the Libyan billows ! Thou who alone, out of pity for Troja's unspeakable hardships, Welcomest us, mere waifs of the Danai, by every disaster Now of the land and the ocean exhausted, and needy of all things. Thus to thy city and home ; the appropriate gratitude due thee 600 We have, O Dido, no means to repay, nor has any wherever Found of Dardania's nation, now scattered abroad through the wide world. O may the gods, if any divinities care for the pious ; Justice, if anywhere found, and a mind self-conscious of virtue. Bring thee deserving awards. What ages so happy have borne thee ? 605 What so illustrious parents have gotten so favored an offspring ? O while the rivers shall run to the friths, while the shadows from mountains Trailing shall traverse the slopes ; while the zenith shall nurture the planets. E'er shall thine honor, and name, and thy praises remain in remembrance, Whatever regions invite me." Having thus spoken with right hand 610 Greets he Ilioneus friendly, and friendly Sergestus with left hand. Afterwards others, and Gyas the valiant, and valiant Cloanthus. Startled at first at the sight was the queenly Sidonian Dido, Then at the hero's so grievous disaster, and thus with her mouth spake : "Goddess-born, what fatality on through such perilous hazards 615 Hounds thee ? What agency strands thee on shores that are counted inhuman ? Art thou indeed that very ^neas, whom fostering Venus Bore to the Dardan Anchises by Phrygian Samois' waters ? Yes, and in sooth I remember that Teucer once visited Sidon, When he, expelled from his confines, was seeking for kingdoms 620 BOOK I. 17 New through the prestige of Belus : then Belus, my father, was laying Waste, and as victor was holding in servience opulent Cyprus. On from that time to the present have Troja's city's disasters Been to me known, and thy name and Pelasgian monarchs familiar. He, though a foe, was the Teucrans extolling in signal laudation, 625 Wishing to trace his descent from the primitive stock of the Teucrans. Wherefore, O warriors, come ye, and enter in welcome my mansions : Me, too, hath similar fortune, by many a similar hardship Buffeted, destined at length to reside in this land of my exile. Not unacquainted with trial I learn how to succor the wretched." 630 So she recounts, and at once she .^neas conducts to her royal Courts, and at once an oblation proclaims for the deities' temples. Nevertheless she the meanwhile sends to his mates on the sea-shores Twenty bullocks, and shaggy with bristles the chines of a hundred Sizable swine, and a hundred fattened lambs with their mothers — 635 Presents and cheer for a feast-day : — Now is the inner apartment, resplendent with regal profusion, Decked, and they sumptuous banquets prepare in the midst of the mansions : Tapestry, wrought with elaborate skill, and imperial purple ; Ponderous plate on the tables, portraying in golden embossing 640 Valorous deeds of the fathers, the lengthiest line of achievements. Traced through many a chief from the earliest rise of the nation. Straightway .^Eneas, for fatherly yearning no rest to his mind then Brooked, in advance to the vessels dispatches the rapid Achates, Tidings to bear to Ascanius, him, too, to bring to the ramparts : 645 All in Ascanius fondly the father's solicitude centres. Further he bids him bring with him the presents from Ilium's ruins Rescued with peril, the shawl with gold and embroidery stiffened ; Bring him the vesture enwoven around with the yellow acanthus, Ornaments once of the Argive Helen, which she from Mycenae, 650 When unto Pergamus bound in pursuit of unwarranted nuptials, With her had brought, the magnificent dower of Leda, her mother ; Also the sceptre which Princess Ilione formerly wielded. Eldest of Priam's daughters, and with it a necklace of beaded Pearls, and a diadem double in gold, and bestudded with brilliants. 655 Hastening these was Achates now wending his way to the vessels. But Cytherea is plotting new arts and new plans in her bosom, That, in appearance and countenance changed, surreptitiously Cupid Come for the lovely Ascanius, that he may set the enamored Queen in a blaze by his presents, and fill all her bones with the wild-fire, 660 1 8 THE ^NEID. Dreads she, forsooth, the ambiguous house, and the Tyrian gossips. Juno atrociously scathes her, and troubles return with the night-fall ; Therefore in terms like these she addresses the piniony love-god: " Darling, my vigor, my mighty executive power, who only Darlmg, defiest thy sovereign father's Typhoean thunder, 665 I, as a suppliant, sue thee, and beg thy divinity's service. How on the ocean thy brother, ^neas, on every sea-shore Round is tossed by the spite of iniquitous Juno, is fully Known unto thee, and thou often hast sorrowed with us in our sorrow. Him the Phcenician Dido detains, and delays by her winsome 670 Tones : I suspect to what issue may tend these Junonian friendships ; She will not cease her intriguing in so momentous a crisis : So I propose to forestall by a plot, and to girdle the coying Queen with a flame, lest she, through any divinity, waver : But let her cling, with me, in a passionate love to JEneas. 675 How thou art able to do it now listen attent to my purpose. ,Jt-At the request of his cherishing sire is preparing the royal jBoy, my preeminent charge, to approach the Sidonian city. Carrying gifts, that from ocean, and flames of Troja, were rescued. Him, lulled gently to slumber, I either on lofty Cythdra, 680 Or on Idalia's heights, will deposit in hallowed seclusion. Lest he know aught of the trick, and come in the midst to prevent it. Deftly do thou his appearance, for one night only — no longer — Personate, donning, a boy, the boy's familiar features ; So that, when Dido elated shall clasp thee with joy to her bosom, 685 Mid the imperial banquets, and merry Lysean libations ; Then, as she gives thee embraces, and prints her affectionate kisses. Breathe in the secret fire, and stealthily bury the poison." Love the behests of his cherishing mother obeys, and his pinions Doffs, and cheerily paces along with the gait of lulus. 690 Meanwhile Venus a placid repose through Ascanius' members Sheds, and, reclined on her lap, the goddess away to the lofty Groves of Idalia wafts him, where softest amaracus, breathing Perfume sweet from its blossoms, in odorous slumbers embowers him. Cupid, obedient to orders, was now on his way, and the royal 695 Gifts to the Tyrians bringing, elate with his leader Achates. When he arrives, the queen has already on tapestry regal Seated herself on a gilded sofa, and stationed it central. Now does the father .^neas, and now do the stalwarts of Troja Gather within, and in order recline on the cushions of purple. 700 BOOK I. 19 Servants the waters provide for their hands, and the bounties of Ceres Serve out in baskets, and pass round napkins of glossiest velvet. Fifty within are the maidens, on whom is devolving in long row Care of preparing the courses, and lighting the fires to the home-gods. Equal in age are a hundred more, and as many attendant 705 Waiters to furnish the tables with food, and distribute the goblets. Tyrians, too, have, through the jocund thresholds assembling. Gathered, and ready, as bidden, recline on the tapestried couches. Charmea are they all with the gifts of .^neas, and charmed with liilus ; Charmed with the glowing looks of the god, and his mimicked expressions ; 710 Charmed with the shawl, and the vesture embroidered with yellow acanthus. Chiefly the hapless Phoenician, now doomed to the future infection. Cannot her mind suffice, and is all aglow in observing : Equally moved is she, too, with the boy and his exquisite presents. When he has hung on the neck, and within the embrace of JEneas ; 715 When he has sated the measureless love of his putative father. Then he repairs to the queen, and she now with her eyes and her whole heart Clasps him, and oft on her lap does Dido caress him, unconscious In it how mighty the god that besets her. In memory meanwhile, Keeping his fond Acidalian mother, he little by little 720 Ventures to blot out Sychaeus, and charge, with a living affection. Her long stagnant emotions, and heart unused to their throbbings. Soon as the first pause came, and removed were the tables. Huge crocks station they round, and the wines encircle with garlands. Echoes the din from the roofs, and they roll out the shouts through the ample 725 Courtyards : pendulous chandeliers hang from the glittering ceilings Blazing, and waxed rope-tapers with flames extinguish the midnight. Here did the queen for a chalice, heavy with gems and with gold-work. Call, and she filled it with wine — the chalice which Belus, and all from Belus, had handed ; and then, when silence was made in the mansions : 730 " Jove," she exclaims, "for they tell us thou givest the statics for strangers, Grant that this day be to Tyrians, and comers from Troja, auspicious ; Grant that our future descendants may hold it in lasting remembrance ! Bacchus be present the giver of cheer, and Juno propitious : You, ye Tyrians also right heartily honor the meeting." 735 Spake she, and poured on the table libative a liquor-oblation. First in presenting, she touched with the tips of her lips the libation, Then she to Bitias handed it bantering : ■ greedy the foaming Chalice he drained, and flooded himself from the bountiful gold-cup : Afterwards other patricians. The long-haired minstrel lopas 740 20 THE MNEID. Chants on his gilded cithern what Atlas the mighty had taught him ; Sings of the wandering moon, and anon of the solar eclipses ; Whence is the race of men and of beasts, whence the storm and the lightnings; Sings of Arcturus and pluvial Hyads, the small and the great Bears ; Wherefore the suns of the winter so hasten to dip in the ocean ; 745 What the impediment blocking retarded the nights of the summer : Tyrians double their plaudits, and Trojans responsive abet them. Likewise in various converse Dido the while was the night-hours Hapless protracting, and drinking in copious draughts of affection, Many a query propounding of Priam, and many of Hector ; 750 Now in what armor the son of Aurora had come to the conflict ; Now what the mettle of Diomede's chargers, and now what Achilles' Prowess. "Nay, come," she exclaims, "my guest, from the earliest outset Tell us the Danaans' wiles, and thy people's afflictive disasters : Tell us of thine own rovings, for now doth the seventh recurring 755 Summer convey thee a rover o'er every region and billow." BOOK 11. During the banquet at Carthage, ilneas, entreated by Dido, Tells of the wiles of the Greeks and the consequent capture of Troja. All have become now hushed, and intently were holding their features, Thence from his lofty divan thus proceeded the father ^neas : " Thou, O queen dost bid me reopen unspeakable anguish, How that the Danai the Trojan estate and deplorable kingdom Utterly ruined ; what miseries I in my person have witnessed, 5 Yea, and was of them a principal part. Such scenes in narrating Who of the Myrmidons, Dolops, or a soldier of hardened Ulysses Well could refrain from tears ? And already from heaven the midnight Damply descends, and the setting stars are persuading to slumbers: But, if there be so excessive a longing to know our disasters 10 Felt, and to listen in brief to the ultimate struggle of Troja, Though its remembrance my soul abhors, and has shrunk from the sorrow, I will begin. Worn out by the war and by fates counteracted, Danaan chieftains, so many a season already elapsing. Huge as a mountain a horse, by divine machination of Pallas, 15 Build, and its ribs interlace with a rough-hewn sheathing of white pine. Vowed they pretend for their homeward retreat : so the rumor is bruited. Hither selected by lot, they the bodies of warriors slyly Shut in its darkened sides, and internally cram its capacious Caverns and womb to the full with a soldiery armed for the ser vice. 20 Tenedos looms into sight in the offing, in legend a well-known Island, abounding in wealth, while the kingdom of Priam was lasting ; Now there is merely a bay, and for shipping a treacherous roadstead : Thitherward wafted, they hide them away on a desolate sea-beach. We supposed they had gone, and had sailed with the wind to Mycenae : 25 2 2 THE yENEID. Hence all Teucria loosened itself from its wearisome mourning; Gates are thrown open: 'tis joy to go forth and on Dorican camp-grornds Gaze, and to visit the places deserted and beach as abandoned. Here the Dolopian troop, their ruthless Achilles was tenting; Here was the place for the fleets, and there they were wont to embattle. 30 Part are amazed at the ruinous gift to unwedded Minerva, And are admiring the bulk of the horse; and foremost Thymcetes Urges it trundled inside the walls and installed in the castle, Either in treason, or so were the fates of Troja now tending ! Capys, however, and those of superior mental discretion, 35 Order us either to pitch in the ocean the tricks and suspected Gifts of the Danai, or burn them by thrusting the faggots beneath them. Or else to bore in and test the interior's hollow recesses: Rent into opposite cliques is the indiscriminate rabble. First there, in front of them all, with a mighty escorting assemblage, 40 Ardent Laocoon rushes adowr. from the heights of the castle, Shoutmg afar: " O infatuate townsmen, what marvellous madness ! Do you believe that our foes have departed ? or think you that any Gifts of the Danai are free from deceit ? Is Ulysses thus noted ? Either enclosed in this wood are Achaians in ambush secreted, 45 Or else this is an engine constructed against our defences, Destined to spy out our homes, and descend from above on our city. Or there is lurking some mischief; believe not the horse, O ye Teucrans: Be what it may, I'm afraid of the Danai though tendering presents." Thus having said, he with powerful vigor his ponderous war-spear 50 Into the flank, and into the joint -bulged paunch of the huge beast. Hurled: as it stood there quivering, deep in its womb in rebounding Echoed the cavernous caves, and distinctly emitted a moaning: And, if the fates of the gods, if our mind had not hopelessly froward Been, he had led us to sully with si,c.el its Argolic recesses, 55 Troja and now thou hadst stood, and remained thou high castle of Priam. Lo ! in the meantime a youth, with his hands tied tightly behind him, Dardan shepherds, with loud shout up their monarch were haling, Who, as they happened upon him unknown, had in willing surrender This same scheme to effect, to the Danai to open up Troja, 60 Offered himself; of a desperate spirit and ready for either. Or to achieve his design, or to meet his infallible death-doom. Trojan youth, with an eager desire of beholding, from all sides Rally profusely around him, and vie in insulting the captive. Mark now the wiles of tha Danai, and so from a single example, 65 BOOK II. 23 Learn of them all : — For, as he there in the focalized gaze, confused and defenceless Stood, and stared with his eye-balls round on the Phrygian columns : " Ah," he exclaims, " what land and what main can afford me a welcome Now ? Or what waits me hereafter already a pitiful outcast, 70 Whose is nowhere a place with the Danai, and even the hostile Dardans, moreover, themselves are demanding the forfeit of life-blood." Thus by his sighs our feelings were changed, and every impulse Checked : we exhort him to tell from what national blood he descended, What are the tidings he brings, and what credence is due him a captive. 75 He, with his terror abated, at length tells this as his story. " I will, O monarch, whatever may happen, acknowledge the whole truth To thee," he said, " nor will I deny that I sprang from Argolic extraction ; This at the outset, though impudent fortune hath Sinon an outcast Rendered, she never shall render him also a knave and a liar. 80 If there has passed through thine ears peradventure in conference any Mention of Belian Palamedes, and noted his far-famed Glory, whom innocent, under the flimsy indictment of treason, Base though the proof, the Pelasgi, because he disfavored the warfare. Sentenced to death : yet now, when deprived of the light, they lament him. 85 Nearly related to him, as his escort my indigent father Hither hath sent me in arms from the earliest years of the conflict. While he was standing unharmed in his realm, and in councils of monarchs Wielding an influence potent, we also some name and distinction Bore : but afterwards, when through the envy of crafty Ulysses — 90 Facts not unknown I relate — he had quitted the shores of the living, I in bereavement was dragging out life in depression and mourning, Grieving in loneliness over the fate of my innocent comrade : Not as a fool was I silent, but I, if occasion should offer. If I should ever as victor return to my country in Argos, 95 Swore a revenge, and by words I provoked him to virulent hatred. Hence my original taint of dishonor, and hence did Ulysses Constantly threaten new charges, and hence did he scatter his rumors Vague in the rabble, and, conscious of wrong, sought means to attack me. Nor did he rest indeed, till at length, through his minister Calchas — 100 But why still do I vainly unroll these unwelcome recitals ? Why do I linger ? If all the Achaians you hold in the same rank. And it suffice you to hear this, then take now summary vengeance ; This would the Ithacan like, and with much the Atridae would purchase." Then of a truth do we burn to be told, and to question the causes, 105 24 THE ^NEID. Ignorant all of such villanous crimes and Pelasgian intrigue. Quaking with fear he continues, and speaks with dissimulate bosom : " Often the Danai have wanted, abandoning Troja, their homewaird Flight to effect, and disperse, worn out by the wearisome warfare — Would they had done it ! — but often some violent storm on the ocean no Prisoned them in, and the south-wind often deterred them in going. Specially now, when yon horse, compacted with stanchions of maple, Stood on its base did the rain-clouds howl through the regions of aether. Forth, in suspense, we Eurypylus send to interrogate Phoebus' Oracles : back from the shrines does he bring the appalling responses, 115 ' Ye have placated the -.vinds with blood, and by slaying a virgin, When at the outset, O Danai, ye came to the Ilian sea-coasts ; So your return must be sought with blood, and it must by Argolic Life be atoned.' " As this utterance came to the ears of the rabble. Stunned were their souls, and a shivering shudder ran through their inmost 120 Bones, in doubt as to whom the fates may intend, whom Apollo may order. Hereat the Ithacan drags, with a boisterous tumult, the prophet Calchas in public, and what these decrees of the deities purport Gruffly demands : and now many for me were presaging the cruel Plot of the schemer, and tacitly viewing the ominous issue. 125 Twice five days he is mute, and refuses, though safe, to deliver Any one up, or consign him to death by his personal verdict. Hardly at length, he, constrained by the Ithacan' s vehement clamors. Gives in collusion a vent to his voice, and me dooms to the altar ! All acquiesced, and what each for himself was instinctively dreading 130 They were content should be turned to a single unfortunate's ruin. Now had arrived the ineffable day, and for me were preparing Orgies, and salted oblations, and fillets to garland my temples — Ah ! I confess I escaped from the doom, and asunder my fetters Tore : all night by a slimy lake I, concealed in the sedge-grass, 135 Skulked, till they should, if they would peradventure, fling open their canvas. Hope I no longer have any of seeing my primitive native Land, and my darling babes, and my earnestly coveted parents. Whom they perchance will anon for our rescue, remand to their vengeance, Aye and atone for this crime by the death of those pitiful objects ! 140 O, by the mighty supernals, and deities conscious of candor ; Yea, and by all that remains, if any whatever to mortals Left, of inviolate faith, I implore thee to pity my grievous Hardships — pity a soul enduring unmerited evils ! " Thus, for his weeping, we grant him his life, and we pity him freely. 145 BOOK II. 25 Priam himself first orders his manacles off, and his tight-girt Fetters relieved, and addresses the man thus in friendly expressions : " Henceforth, whoever thou art, forget now the loss of the Grecians ; Thou shalt be ours, and declare to me truthfully these as I ask thee. Why have they stationed this hulk of a huge horse ? Who is its planner ? 150 What do they mean ? What religious design, or what engine of warfare ? ' ' So had he spoken. He, versed in deceits and Pelasgian cunning, Lifted aloft to the planets his palms now divested of hand-cuffs : " You ye eternal fires, and your ever inviolate godhead, Witness," he said, " and ye altars, and you ye detestable sabres, 155 Which I escaped, and ye fillets of gods I as victim was wearing, That I am free to abjure all the sacred oaths of the Grecians ; Free to abhor them as men, and to bring all their plots to the daylight — Aught if they cover. No more am I bound by the laws of my country : Only abide by thy promises true, and maintain, O protected 160 Troja, thy faith if I tell thee the truth, if I amply repay thee ! All of the hope of the Danai, and trust in the hazarded warfare. Rested throughout on the succor of Pallas ; but on from the day when Tydeiis' impious son, and the mischief-inventor Ulysses, Having the fateful Palladium plotted to wrench from the hallowed 165 Temple, and killing the sentinels guarding the heights of the castle, Plundered the sacred bust, and with hands still reeking with carnage. Ventured profanely to fumble the virginal wreaths of the goddess — Ebbed from that moment the hope of the Danai, and glidingly backward Drifted; their vigor was wrecked, and the mind of the goddess against them. 170 Nor did Tritonia give them her signals in dubious portents : Scarce was her image set up in the camp, when glittering sparkles Flashed from her glaring eyes, and a briny sweat o'er her members Trickled, and thrice from the ground did she even — a marvel to utter ! Leap up, waving defiant her buckler and quivering war-spear. 175 Straightway Calchas discants that the sea must be risked on a homeward Flight, and that Pergamus cannot be breached by Argolic equipments. Till they at Argos the omens repeat, and restore the protection. Which, in their rounded keels, they had wafted away on the ocean : And that they now have set sail with the wind for their country Mycenas t8o They are providing them armor and guardian gods, and with ocean remeas'jred. They will be here unexpected. So Calchas dispenses the omens. Being thus warned, in Palladium's stead, for divinity outraged. They have this effigy built to atone for their sorrowful trespass. Calchas, however, has bidden them rear this immensurate structure, 185 20 THE ^NEID. Studded with timbers of oak, and to carry it even to heaven, So that it cannot be passed through the gates, nor be drawn in the ramparts, Lest it might shelter the populace under their ancient religion : For, if your hand should in recreance sully the gifts to Minerva, Then shall a general ruin — which omen the gods on the seer's self 190 Sooner retort — to the empire of Priam and Phrygians happen ; But if it mount by your own hands welcomely into the city, Asia will then in a general war to Pelopian ramparts Come, and these identical fates will await our descendants." Thus was the story, by ruses and perjuring Sinon's adroitness, 195 Credited by us, and we were ensnared by his wiles and fictitious Tears, whom neither Tydides, nor Larissaean Achilles Even, nor ten long years, nor a thousand vessels have vanquished. Here there another and graver event, and to pitiful us, too, Far more awful, befalls us, and throws our improvident bosoms 200 Into a panic. Laocoon, chosen by lot to be Neptune's Priest, was slaying a sizable bull at the ritual altars. When lo ! over the tranquillized deeps from Tenedos two snakes ! (I in recounting it shudder), with coils of prodigious proportions. Sprawl on the ocean, and side by side, stretch out for the sea-beach ; 205 High are their bosoms erect in the billows, and bloody their wattles Stand out over the waves, while the rest of them over the deep sea Straggles behind, and recoil their enormous backs in a volume : Echoes a roar on the foaming brine. They were nearing the meadows Now, and, with eyes all ablaze with fire, and suffusingly blood-shot, 210 Lick they their sibilant mouths with their tongues in a vibrative quiver. Scatter we pale at the sight, while they, in unwavering column. Straight for Laocoon sally : at once each one of the serpents. Clasping his two sons' delicate bodies in deadly embraces. Lashes them fast, and preys with its fangs on their pitiful members ; 215 Next on himself, as he comes to their rescue and wielding his weapons, Seize they, and tie him in spirals immense, and already his mid-waist Twice have they clasped, and twice have his throat, with their squamulose bodies, Compassed, and stand out head and necks high vaulted above him. Tugs he at once with his hands to sever asunder their knottings, 220 Spattered his fillets all over with gore and their venomous poison. Hideous shrieks he at once upraises aloft to the planets ; Bellowings his like a bullock's, that stricken has fled from the altars Wounded, as off from his neck he has shaken the blundering axe-blow. But in their gliding, the dragon pair to the heights of the temple 225 BOOK II. 27 Scud, and repair to the shrine of the merciless daughter of Triton, And, 'neath the feet of the goddess and orb of her buckler are sheltered. Then of a truth through the awe-struck bosoms of all does a fresh-felt Shuddering creep, and they hold that Laocoon justly has suffered Punishment due for his crime, because he had injured the sacred 230 Oak with his barb, and had hurled his iniquitous spear in its haunches. Hence that the image be drawn to her seat, and the awe of the goddess Worshipped, together they clamor : — Breach we the walls and lay open the city's impregnable ramparts : All to the service begird them, and under its feet an adjusted 235 Gliding of wheel-work thrust, and attach to its collar the hempen Cables. The fatal machine to the walls mounts stealthily forward, Pregnant with arms : around it the boys and the maidens unmarried Chant their refrains, and rejoice with their hands to handle the hawser. Stealthy it enters, and menacing glides in the midst of the city. 240 O my country! O Ilium home of the gods, and ye ramparts Famous in war of the Dardans ! It four times just at the gate-sill Stumbled, and four times out of the womb did the armor a clanking Yield ; and yet onward we hasten, unmindful and blinded by frenzy. Till we the ill-starred monster install in the consecrate castle ! 245; Then does Cassandra, too, open her mouth with the fates of the future, Doomed by the ban of her god to be never believed by the Teucrans. Wretched we, unto whom that day would become as our doom's day, Garnish the deities' fanes through the city with festival garlands ! Meanwhile the heavens revolve, and uprushes the night. from the ocean, 250. Shrouding the earth and the sky in its boundless shade, and beneath it Screening the Myrmidon's wiles. The Teucrans, dispersed through the ramparts,, Wholly have hushed, and sleep is embracing their members exhausted. Now was from Tenedos starting, in nautical order, the Argive Phalanx, and, on through the friendly calm of the halcyon moon-light, 255 Seeking the well-known shores. When the flag-ship royal had stern-lights Hoisted, protected by unfair fates of the deities, Sinon Slyly unfastens their piney enclosures, and lets the imprisoned Danaans out of the womb : thus opened, the horse to the free air Ushers them forth ; and elated emerge from their cavernous oaken 260 Covert Thessander and Sthenelus, leaders, and hardened Ulysses, Sliding adown on a rope that was lowered, and Acamas, Thoas, Peleus' descendent Neoplotemus, and foremost Machaon, Chief Menelaus, and even the strategy builder Epeiis. Sally they out in the city, now buried in slumber and wassail ; 265 28 THE ^NEID. SJain are the sentries, and throwing the gates wide open, they welcome All their companions, and join,as concerted, their squads for the onset. It was the time, when on languishing mortals the earliest quiet Seizes, and creeps, by a boon of the deities, gratefully o'er them : Lo ! in my slumbers, before mine eyes most sorrowful Hector 270 Seemed to me to appear, and to pour forth copious tear-drops ; Just as when formerly trailed by the span, and black with the gory Dust, and pierced through his swollen feet with the fastening rawhide — Ah me ! how ghastly he was ! how exceedingly changed from that noble "^ Hector, who comes back proudly arrayed in the spoils of Achilles, 275 Or as he darted the Phrygian fires on the Danaan's galleys — Wearing a squalid beard, and his hair all matted with blood-clots ! Many a wound, too, which he had around the walls of his native City received : and abruptly methought that I also in person Weeping accosted the hero, and uttered these sorrowful phrases : 280 " O Dardania's light, most reliable hope of the Teucrans, What so unwonted delays have detained thee ? and where are the confines Whence thou, expected Hector, dost come ? Since the many untimely Deaths of thine own kin, since the various toils of the men and the city, How are we wearily watching for thee ! What cause has unworthy 285 Marred thy benignant visage, or wherefore discern I these gashes ?' ' Naught he replies, nor allows me to linger in empty inquiries, But said, heavily heaving a sigh from his innermost bosom : " Ah ! flee, goddess-born, and betake thee away from these burnings ; Foemen are holding the walls ; from her eminence Troja is rushing. 290 Paid is to country and Priam enough : if ever by right hand Pergamus could have been warded, it would have been warded by this one. Troja commits to thy keeping her relics and tutelar home-gods ; Take these attendants benign of thy fates, and seek them the ramparts Mighty which thou shalt establish at length when the deep has been traversed." 295 So he exclaims, and forth in his hands he the fillets, and potent Vesta, and fire perpetual brings from the holy of holies. Meanwhile the ramparts all are embroiled in diversified wailing : Clearer and clearer, although the abode of my father Anchises Stood at a distance secluded, and sheltered by shadowing tree-tops, 300 Ring out the sounds, and the horror of armor in action encroaches. Out of my sleep I am startled, and up to the peaks of the topmost Roof I ascendingly clamber, and stand with excited attention : Just as when flame in the harvest, while fierce are the furious south-winds, Falls ; or as swift, in a mountain freshet, a torrent careering 305 BOOK II. 29 Levels the fields and the ripe crops, levels the labors of oxen, Headlong dragging the forests : aghast and bewildered the shepherd Stands, as he catches the sound from the lofty tops of a rock-ledge. Verily manifest then was their faith, and the Danaan's ruses Patent. Already Deiphobus' spacious mansion has ruin 310 Yielded to conquering Vulcan ; already Ucalegan near it Blazes, and wide with the fire are uplighted the straits of Sigeiim. Loudly are rising the clamor of men and the clangor of trumpets. Armor I frenziedly grasp, though not enough reason in arming. Only to muster a squad for a battle, and on with my comrades 315 Rush to the castle ; ablaze are our passions, and fuiy and vengeance Frenzy my mind, and beseems it an honor to die in our armor. Lo ! in the meantime Panthus, eluding the shafts of Achians — Panthus, the offspring of Orthys and priest of the Castle of Phcebus, Relics in hand, his discomfited gods, and his delicate grandson 320 Drags himself; and, bewildered in running, approaches the thresholds. " Where is the paramount point, O Panthus ? What citadel seize we ?" Scarce had I uttered these words, when he, heavily sighing, responds thus : " Come is the paramount day, and Dardania's critical epoch ; Trojans we were, and Ilium was, but is vanished the peerless , 325 Glory of Teucrans. Jupiter wrathful to Argos hath all things Handed : abroad in the city on fire are the Danaans masters. Warriors armed is the tall horse, lodged in the midst of the ramparts. Pouring out freely, and Sinon, triumphant, is scattering firebrands Insolent. Others are standing amassed at the double-doored gateways, 330 Thousands, as many as ever came over from mighty Mycenae ; Others have blocked with their weapons the streets in the narrowest passes, Barring a passage : the sword's keen edge, with its glittering blade, stands Drawn already for slaughter ; the outermost guards at the portals. Scarcely attempt a repulse, and withstand in a random encounter." 335 Spurred by such sayings of Orthys' son, and by deity's impulse, I on the flames and arms rush whither the woful Erinys, Whither the din and the clamor, upraised to the firmament, summon. Join me as comrades, Ripheus, and mighty in armor the chieftain Epytus, meeting by moonlight ; Hypanis also, and Dymas 340 Cluster alike at my side, and the gallant descendant of Mygdon, Youthful Goroebus. He merely by chance had to Troja- in those days Come, as a suitor inflamed by infatuate love for Cassandra, And as a son-in-law aid was to Priam and Phrygians bringing, Ill-fated, in that he did not the warning advice of his frenzied 345 30 THE ^NEID. Lady-love heed : — When I beheld these banded together to venture in combats, I still further begin thus : " Warriors, vainly intrepid Breasts, if it be your unwavering purpose to follow me, braving Hazards extreme, ye behold what a fortune there is in the issues. 350 All of the gods, by whose favor this empire had stood, have departed Leaving their hallowed recesses and altars : ye come to a burning City's relief ; let us die and career in the midst of the conflict, Since to expect no resort is the only resort of the vanquished. " Thus to the warriors' souls there is added a fury : we then, like 355 Ravening wolves in a dismal fog, whom imperious hunger Blindedly urges abroad, while the cubs they have left are expectant Waiting with famishing jaws, right on through the weapons and foemen, Tramp to no dubious death, and our way through the midst of the city Hold, while black night broods with enveloping shadows around us. 360 — 'Who can the carnage of that night, who can its deaths in narrating Sketch, or is able to equal with tears the accounts of its hardships ? Crumbles our primitive city, for ages the seat of dominion. Many a motionless corpse is in every direction at random Strewn through the streets, and homes, and the deities' hallowed 365 Fanes. Not alone do the Teucrans penalties pay with their life-blood ; Once in a while does a valor return to the hearts of their vanquished Foes, and victorious Danaans fall. There is everywhere doleful Wailing, and everywhere consternation, and many a death's shape. First, Androgeos offers himself with a mighty attendant 370 Throng of the Danaans to us, and counting us, wholly unconscious, Federate columns, he promptly accosts us in friendly expressions : " Hurry up, men, for what so excessively tardy inaction Keeps you ? While others are sacking and plundering burning Pergamus, you are but just now come from the towering vessels." 375 Spake he, and instantly — since we no over-reliable answers Deign to return him — finds he has slipped in the midst of the foemen. Stood he astounded, and back with his voice he retracted his footsteps ; Like unto one who in rambles has trod unawares, in the prickly Brakes, on a serpent, and tremblingly, all of a sudden, retreated, 380 Just as it bristles its ire, and distends its cerulean wattles ; So was Androgeos, shocked at the sight, with a shudder withdrawing. Onward we rush and around them pour with our clustering weapons, Strange in the place, and bewildered by panic, and strew them around us Pell-mell. Fortune auspiciously breathes on our earliest effort. 385 BOOK II. 31 But here, flushed with success and exulting in spirits, Coroebus Shouts out : " Comrades, where earliest fortune a passage of safety Shows us, and where she reveals her propitiously let us pursue her ; Let us exchange our shields, and upon us the Danaans' badges Buckle ; for be it a ruse or heroic, who asks in a foeman ? 390 They shall supply us with armor." So saying Androgeos' crested Casque, and the gaily embellished device of his shield, he exultant Dons, and fast to his side he an Argive scimitar buckles : So does Ripheus, and Dymas himself, too, and all of the young men Jubilant : each from their recent plunder equips him with armor. 395 Onward we tramp ; and with Danaans, under our alien protection, Mingle, and many a combat join in the wildering midnight Fighting, and send we many a Danaan downward to Orcus. Some skulk off to the ships, and away to the sheltering seabeach Scud on a run : part back in their craven timidity clamber 400 Into the monstrous horse, and are hid in its notable belly. Ah ! but on nothing should any rely, when the gods are against him. Lo ! Cassandra, the virgin daughter of Priam, was being Dragged by her tangled hair from the temple and shrine of Minerva, Upward to heaven, though vainly, uplifting her fiery eye-balls — 405 Eye-balls only it was, for the chains were restraining her tender Palms. This sight could Coroebus, with mind wrought up to a frenzy. Brook not, and ready to perish, he dashed in the midst of the columns : Follow we all in a body, and rush on their clustering armor. Here we at first are o'erwhelmed by the weapons of friends from the lofty 410 Pinnacle hurled of the fane, and ensues a most pitiful slaughter, Caused by a glimpse of our arms, and mistake of the crests of the Grecians. Then do the Danai, with groan and in wrath at the raid for the virgin, Massing together on all sides, charge us, the desperate Ajax, Atreus' twin-born sons, and the whole Dolopian army ; 415 Just as when opposite winds sometimes in a blustering whirlwind Struggle together, the West and the South, and, elate with its Orient Charges, the East wind : rumbles the forest and Nereiis foamy Raves with his trident, and rouses the main to its nethermost bottom. Those too, whomever we have in the gloom of the tenebrous midnight 420 Routed by means of our ruses, and chased through the whole of the city. Rally, as soon as they recognize on us the shields and the tell-tale Weapons, and notice moreover our language discrepant in accent. Instantly we are o'erwhelmed by their number, and foremost Coroebus, Prostrate by Peneleus' hand at the shrine of the warrior-goddess, ^ ^25 32" THE ^NEID. Tumbles, and Ripheus falls, who alone was deemed the most upright Man of the Teucrans, and known as the strictest observer of justice : Seemed it to deities otherwise. Hypanis welters, and Dymas, Stabbed by their comrades ; nor did thy eminent piety Panthus, Shield thee from falling, nor even thy wool-tuft badge of Apollo. 430 Ashes of Ilium ! you, and ye smouldering flames of my kindred. Witness, that I in your fall have neither the weapons nor onsets Shunned of the Danai ; and had it been fated that I should have fallen, I had deserved it as won by mine own hand. Thence are we scattered, Iphitus with me and Pelias stay, of whom Iphitus now was 435 Clumsy with age, and Pelias lame by a wound of Ulysses. Presently we by a clamor are called to the mansion of Priam : Here we in sooth a tremendous fight, as if battles were nowhere Waging beside, and were none else dying in all of the city. Mars so untamably rampant, and Danaans storming the palace, 440 See, and the threshold beset by a compact shelter of bucklers. Ladders adhere to the walls, and they up on the rounds by the very Doorposts clamber, and, parrying darts by shields in the left hands Holden, they grapple protected the coping above with their right hands. Dardans in turn are the turrets, and topmost roofs of their houses, 445 Wrenching, and now, since they see the emergency, even with these rude Weapons prepare to defend themselves in their death to the utmost. Gilded rafters, the lofty adornments of primitive parents, Roll they adown, while others with unsheathed sabres the lower Gateways block, and defend them by massing themselves in a column : 450 Nerved anew are our souls to protect the abodes of the monarch. Cheer by our aid the heroes, and energy add to the vanquished. There was a threshold and blind-wrought doors, and a passable alley Leading between the abodes of Priam, neglected its doorposts Back in the rear, where often, while Ilium's realms were remaining, 455 Hapless Andromache suiteless was wont to repair to her royal Parents-in-law, and the boy Astyanax take to his grandsire. Wend I up thence to the battlements' topmost peak, whence the wretched Teucrans were hurling by hand on the foeman their weapons at random. There at a watch-tower, perched on the verge, and upbuilt on the topmost 460 Roofs to the stars — whence the whole panorama of Troja was widely Seen, and the Danaans' customed ships and Achaian encampments — Prying with crow-bars round, where the uppermost layer of timbers Yielded detachable joinings, together we wrench from its lofty Trusses, and tumble it down : in an instant it falling a ruin 465 BOOK 11, S^ Sweeps with a thundering sound, and afar on the Danaan columns Crashes. But others come up, nor are ponderous boulders, nor any Species of weapons the meanwhile ceasing : — Right in front of the porch itself, in the outermost threshold, Pyrrhus is leaping, aglitter with weapons and brazen effulgence ; 470 Just like an adder in lustre, when fattened on poisonous herbage. Which, while swollen, the frosty winter in earth was concealing, Now, fresh rid of its slough, and shining in rejuvenescence, Coils in a circle its slippery back, and erecting its bosom Tall to the sun, it its tri-cleft tongue darts out in defiance. 475 Periphas mighty abetting, and driver of steeds for Achilles, Armor-bearer Antomedon, all of the stalwarts of Scyros Scramble at once to the roof, and the flames uptoss to the ridge-plate. He mid the foremost a well-tempered, two-edged battle-axe seizing, [bound Smashes the thresholds, and wrenches right out of their sockets the brass- 480 Posts ; and already, the brace cut away, he has hollowed the firm oak Timbers, and furnished a monstrous, wide-mouthed breach like a window. Clear is the house within, and the court-yards lengthy lie open ; Clear are the hallowed recesses of Priam and earlier monarchs ; Sentinels standing armed, too, they see in the outermost threshold. 485 But the interior home is with moaning and piteous tumult Mingled ; throughout are the hollow rotundas with feminine wailings Yelling ; away to the golden planets is booming the clamor. Then do the timorous matrons aghast through the spacious apartments Roam, and embracing the door-posts, cling to, and print on them kisses. 490 On comes Pyrrhus with sire-like vigor ; no bars and no sentries Serve to withstand him; the gate-frame totters beneath the incessant Battering-ram, and, up-pried from their sockets, fall prostrate the door-posts. Forced is a passage: admitted, the Danaans burst in an entrance, Butcher the foremost, and widely with soldiery fill up the spaces. 495 Not so even a river, when bursting its dikes, it has foaming Issued, and swept with an eddying torrent opposing embankments. On it is furious borne in the fields in a mass, and o'er all plains Bears away cattle with stalls. I myself saw frenzied with carnage Neoptolemus, Atreus' twin-born son.onthe threshold ; 500 Hecuba saw, and her daughters-in-law, a hundred, and Priam Soiling with blood at the altars the fires which he had himself blest. Down did those fifty chambers, his hope so high of descendants; Down did those door-posts, blazoned with gold barbaric and war-spoils, Tumble; the Danaans occupy all that the fire is exempting. 505 34 THE ^NEID. Possibly thou mayest ask of me what was the sequel of Priam. As he beheld the fall of the captured city, his mansion's Thresholds breached, and the foe in the midst of his hallowed recesse^s, Fruitlessly over his shoulders, now trembling with age, does the old man Buckle his armor long unused, and is girded with useless 510 Steel, and is hurried, intent on death, on the clustering foemen. Right in the midst of the courts, 'neath the open awning of aether, Stood an enormous altar, and near it a veteran laurel. Draping the altar, and under its shadow embracing the home-gods. Vainly were Hecuba here, and her daughters around by the altar, 515 Even as timid precipitous doves in a darkening tempest. Huddled together, and seated clasping the deities' statues. But as she Priam himself saw graspmg his juvenile armor, '" Ah! what purpose so utterly direful, my pitiful husband, Drives thee," says she, "to be girt by these weapons ? or whither art rushing? 520 No such assistance, and no such defenders as these the occasion Needs, nor would it indeed, if now were my Hector himself here. Hither, I pray thee, betake thee: this altar will all of us shelter. Or thou shalt die with us.'' So with her mouth having spoke she drew him Back to herself, and the patriarch placed in the sacred asylum. • 525 Lo ! in the meantime, escaped from the havoc of Pyrrhus, Polites, One of the sons of Priam, through weapons and on through the foemen Home to the long-rowed porticoes, flees, and ranges the long courts Wounded; and hot for a deadly thrust does his enemy Pyrrhus Chase him, and now, now holds in his clutches and stabs him with war-spear, 530 Just as at length he emerged to the view, and the presence, of parents : Over he tumbled, and poured out his life in a copious blood-shed. Hereupon Priam, though now in the midst of death he is holden. Did not, however, abstain, nor forbore he his voice and resentment: ' ' But may the gods for the crime," he exclaims, " for so daring an outrage, 535 If there be piety any in heaven that cares for such actions. Pay thee retributive thanks, and render thee fitting requitals. Who hast thus made me in person my own son's butchery witness; Yea, and hast grossly insulted a father's face by the murder. But not such that Achilles from whom thou pretendest descendance, 540 Was to his enemy Priam, but he for the rights and forbearance Due to a suppliant blushed, and the lifeless remains of my Hector Rendered me up for sepulture, and sent me again to my Kingdom." So did the old man speak, and a forceless weapon ungainly Tilted, which instantly back was repelled by the hoarsely resounding 545 BOOK II. 35 Brass, and abortively hung on the outermost boss of his buckler. Pyrrhus to him : " Thou shalt carry these messages back, and as herald Go to Pelides my sire ; and remember to tell him my direful Deeds, and as well of his reprobate Neoptolemus tell him Now die ! " So saying, along to the very altars he trembling 550 Drew him, and slipping each step in the copious blood of his own son ! Then with his left hand clutching his hair, with his right he his flashing Falchion lifted, and buried it up to the hilt in his bosom. Such was the end of the fortunes of Priam, and this the alloted Exit that took him, beholding the burning of Troja and falling 555 Pergamus, once the imperial lord of so many of Asia's Peoples and lands : he lies an unsightly trunk on the sea-shore Tombless, his head from his shoulders dissevered, and nameless the carcass ! But there then for the first stood round me a merciless horror ! I was bewildered ; the form of my own dear father upstarted, 560 As I the monarch beheld of the same age breathing his life out There from the cruel wound : upstarted deserted Creiisa Too, and my plundered home, and the fate of the little liilus. Backward I look, and survey what available force is around me : All have deserted me weary, and flung their emaciate bodies 565 Down at a bound to the ground, or else to the flames have consigned them. So I was left now alone, when I close by the threshold of Vesta Keeping for safety, and silently hid in the secret asylum, Tyndarus' daughter espy ; for the flames outshining afford me Light as I wander, my eyes o'er all things glancing at random. 570 She, for the ruin of Pergamus, dreading alike the repugnant Teucrans, the Danaan's vengeance, and wrath of her basely deserted Husband, of Troja as well and her country the common Erinys. Close had she skulked, and was crouching unseen by the side of the altars. Fires burst out in my soul ; there arises a rage for avenging 575 On her my falling country, and taking a criminal vengeance. Shall she, forsooth, on Sparta unharmed, and her native Mycenae Gaze again, and return as a queen in imperial triumph ? Shall she behold her espoused, and her home and her fathers and children, Graced by a train of attendant Ilian and Phrygian vassals ? 580 Priam have fallen by sworrl and Troja have smouldered to ashes ? Must the Dardanian shore so often have sweltered in carnage ? No, not so ! for although there be no distinguishing honor Gained by a woman's death, nor has victory in it a glory. Yet in my having extinguished a nuisance, and punished the guilty, 585 o 6 THE ^NEID. I shall be lauded, and then shall my soul rejoice to have glutted Once the avenging flame, and appeased the remains of my kindred. Thus was I ranting, and carried away by infuriate purpose, When there, as never before so observably clear to my vision, Met me, and, bright through the darkness, in radiance glittered my loving 590 Parent, assuming the mien of a goddess, and grand and majestic As by celestials wont to be seen ; and, seizing my right hand. Checked me, and thus from her roseate mouth, moreover, addressed me: "Son, what anguish so poignant excites thine untamable passions ? Why art thou raving? and whither has vanished for me thine affection ? 595 Wilt thou not rather see where thou hast quitted thy father Anchises, Cumbered with age, and whether is living thy consort Creiisa ? Yes, and thy boy Ascanius round whom are roaming on all sides Squads of the Grecians ? And did not rny vigilance o'er them prevent it, Flames had already consumed, and the enemy's sword had devoured them. 600 Not the detestable charm of Laconian Tyndarus' daughter : Not the condemnable Paris, the wrath of the gods, of the gods ! it Now is destroying these treasures, and felling from eminence Troja. Look up ! for every cloud which now, as thou gazest, impending Darkens thy mortal vision, and hazily hovers around thee, 605 I will uplifting dispel : but in every emergence thy parent's Mandates fear thou not ; nor refuse to obey her injunctions. Here, where scattered fragments, and granite from granite asunder Torn, and immingled with dust and billowy smoke, thou beholdst, Neptune these walls and foundations, upturned by his powerful trident, 610 Shakes, and to ruins the city entire from its bases embedded Crumbles. Here utterly merciless Juno in front of the Scasan Gates holds sway, and in fury her federate host from the vessels Sword-girt summons : — Now on the uppermost castles, look up, is Tritonian Pallas 615 Seated, in halo effulgent, and gleaming with merciless Gorgon. Father himself to the Danaans courage and vigor auspicious Grants, and arouses the gods against the Dardanian armor. Hasten, my son, thine escape, and a period put to the struggle : Ne'er will I leave thee, but settle thee safe in thy kingdom paternal ! " 620 Thus had she spoken, and hid her in thickening shadows of midnight ; Round are spectres appalling appearing, and hostile to Troja Potencies mighty of gods ! — Then in truth all Ilium seemed to me crumbling to ashes ! And to its base appeared Neptunian Troja demolished ; 625 BOOK n. n Just as when farmers a primitive ash on the tops of the mountains, Chopping with steel, are intent by continual strokes of their two-edged Axes in rivalrous effort to level ; it threatens a long time Trembling, and nods its locks on its oft-jarred summit, and totters, Till it, by little and little o'ercome by its wounds, has its last groan 630 Uttered, and torn from the ridges has swept a precipitous ruin. Downward I wend, and by deity guided, 'mid flames and the foemen Hasten along, for the weapons give place and the flames are recedent. But, when now I had through to the thresholds come of my father's Home and the primitive mansions, my sire, whom first to the lofty 635 Mountains away I was anxious to carry and first was approaching, Stoutly refuses, with Troja in ruins, to weary out longer Life, and to suffer in exile : " O ye, in whom taintless of old age, Young blood courses, and firm in whose strength is the vigor of manhood, You," says he, " make your escape : — 640 If the celestials had purposed that I should prolong an existence, They would have shielded these homes : it suffices, and more than suffices. That I have witnessed one wreck, and survived from the sack of the city : Say o'er this body laid so, just so, your adieus and depart ye ; I with my hand will invent me a death, or a foeman will pity, 645 While he is searching for plunder, and slight is the loss of sepulture. Long I already, detested by deities, linger through weary Years, from the time that the father of gods and the sovereign of mortals Blasted me sore with the blasts of his thunder, and smote me with lightning." Thus he recounting was staying, and firm in his purpose remaining. 650 We on the contrary melted in tears, my consort Creiisa, Little Ascanius, all of the family, beg of my father Not to o'erwhelm with him all, and to sink them in imminent ruin. Still he refuses, and clings to his purpose and posture unyielding. Once more rush I to arms, and crave death utterly wretched ; 655 For what other expedient now, or what chance was afforded ? " Father, that I could advance one step a?id yet leave thee behind me. Didst thou have hope ? From a father's lips did there fall such a treason ? If from so mighty a city it please the supernals that naught be Left, and this sets in thy soul, and it suit thee in perishing Troja 660 Thee and thine own to involve, the door for that exit is open; Soon will be here from the copious blood-shed of Priam, the Pyrrhus, Who to the sire's face butchers the son, and the sire at the altars. Was it, dear parent, for this that thou dost through weapons and burnings Snatch me, to see in the midst of these hallowed recesses the foemen ? 665 jO THE ^NEID. See my Ascanius also, and father and near him Creiisa, Helplessly each in the blood of the other in wantonness slaughtered ? Arm, my heroes, to arms ! for the last light summons the vanquished. Carry me back to the Danaans; let me behold the reopened Battles again: we shall never to-day all perish revengeless! " 670 Hence I with steel am begirded again, and was thrusting my left hand, Fitting it close, in my shield, and betaking me out of the mansions: But lo! there on the threshold, clasping my feet was my consort Clinging, and up to his father extending the little liilus: "If thou departest to perish, O carry us with thee in all risks; 675 But if thou puttest reliance on armor assumed as an expert, First, O protect thy home! To whom is the little liilus. Whom is thy father, and I once titled thy consort abandoned ? " Such are her cries, as with sobs she was filling the whole of the mansion; When of a sudden a prodigy rises — a marvel to utter! 680 For, while still in the hands and caress of his sorrowing parents, Lo! the flaxen tuft on the crown of the head of liilus Seemed as if shedding a light, and the flame, in its delicate contact, Harmlessly licking his ringlets, and reveling over his temples. We in alarm are tremblingly bustling and brushing the blazing 685 Tresses, and strive to extinguish the holy fires at the fountains. But, all elated, my father Anchises his eyes to the planets Lifted devout, and his palms with his voice toward heaven extended : " Jove, the omnipotent, if thou art swayed by any entreaties. Look on us this much, and if in piety we are deserving, 690 Grant us at last thine assistance, O father, and sanction the omens! " Scarce had the old man said this, when all of a sudden with crash it Thundered propitious, and gliding from heaven adown through the shadows, Darted a meteor, trailing with plentiful lustre a torch-light: Brightly aloft o'er the tops of the roofs of our dwelling we see it 695 Gliding along, till it buries itself in the forests of Ida, Signaling to us our journeys: then doe^its furrow in long-track Give out a brilliance, and widely the spaces are smoking with sulphur. Here of a truth submissive, my father himself to the free air Lifts, and addresses the gods, and the star of our destiny blesses ! 7C0 " Now is no halting, I follow, and whither thou leadest, there am I. Gods of my fathers, take care of my household, take care of my grandson: Yours is the augury; Troja is under your guardian regnance. Yield I undoubting, my son, nor refuse I to go thine attendant." Thus had he spoken, and clearer anon is the fire through the ramparts 705 BOOK II. 39 Heard, and nearer the conflagrations are rolling their eddies. " Therefore, dear father, now come and assume on our neck a position; I on my shoulders will bear thee, nor yet shall the labor oppress me; Happen what may in the future, there one and a common exposure. One salvation shall be to us both. Let the little liilus 710 Be my attendant, and, wife, at a distance keep watch of my footsteps. You, ye domestics, now give your attention to what I shall tell you: As you emerge from the city a mound, and a primitive temple Stands of deserted Ceres, and near it a veteran cypress, Guarded for many a year with religious awe by the fathers: 715 There we, at that one station, will gather from different quarters. Take in thy hand, my father, the relics and national home-gods: It were for me, just come from so bloody and recent a carnage, Sacrilege even to touch them, until in a rivulet living I shall have bathed:" 720 Thus having spoken, I over my broad- sized shoulders and bended Neck am draped with a robe, and the skin of the tawniest lion. * Then to the burden I stoop; to my right hand little lulus Knitted his own, and follows his father with paces unequal : After me straggles my wife. We are on through the gloomiest passes 725 Hurried, and me, whom late were no weapons projected upon me Moving, nor Grecians amassed in a charge from an opposite column, Now each rustle of air is affrighting, each sound is exciting. Kept in suspense and fearing alike for my burden and comrade. I was already approaching the gates, and methought I had safely 730 Traversed the journey, when suddenly, thickly the patter of footsteps. Seemed to be right at our ears, and my father, ahead through the shadows Peering, exclaims, " My son, O escape, my son, they are on us! I can discern the flash of their shields and the gleam of their helmets." Here some malignant divinity — which one I know not — bereft me, 735 Trembling and wildered, of reason ; for I, in my running, the by-paths Follow, and wholly avoid the familiar region of highways. Ah me! my consort Creiisa, or caught by some pitiful mishaps Tarried behind, or strayed from the way, or sat down in exhaustion. Still is uncertain; thereafter she ne'er was restored to our vision: 7^0 I did not notice her loss, nor recalled I my soul to reflection, Till we arrived at the mound and the hallowed retreat of the ancient Ceres: but here, when they all were collected at length she alone was Missing, and baffled the search of companions and son and her husband. Whom did I not all frantic accuse both of men and immortals, 745 40 THE yENEID. Or what cruder lot did I see in the wreck of the city ? I my Ascanius, father Anchises and Teucran Penates, Trust to my comrades, and down in a winding valley secrete them; I to the city repair, and am girt with my glittering armor. Set is my mind to reopen all risks, and return through the whole of 750 Troja, and once more boldly expose my head to the perils. First I repair to the walls and the thresholds dim of the gateway. Whence I had lifted my steps in departure, and follow my footprints Back as observed in the night, and trace them along by the glimmer. Everywhere horror, while even the silences frighten my spirits. 7SS Back thence home, perchance, if perchance, she there wended her footsteps, Take I me. In have the Danaans rushed, and were holding the whole house. Fierce the devouring fire by the wind is uprolled to the topmost Battlements: flames are above them, their surge to the welkin is rampant. On I proceed, and the homestead of Priam and castle revisit. 760 Now in the desolate porticoes, late the asylum of Juno, Phoenix and direful Ulysses as sentinels chosen were standing, Guarding the pillage. From all sides hither the treasures of Troja, Plundered from burning holies of holies, and deities' tables. Tankards of solid gold, and the tapestry taken as booty, 765 Piled up together: boys and timorous matrons in long row Stand there round it: — Na)', but I even ventured to fling out my cries through the darkness: Filled I with clamor, in calling, the streets, and mournful Creiisa — Vainly repeating it over and over — Creiisa I shouted. 770 While I was searching and raving unchecked the abodes of the city, Cheerless the figure, and shadowy spectre itself of Creiisa Started before mine eyes, and the image was larger than common : Stood I astounded, my hair rose and choked was my voice in expression. Then thus seemed she to speak, and in these words soothe my distresses : 775 " How does it aid thee so much to indulge in delirious sorrow, my dear husband ? without the behest of the gods these allotments Come not ; it is not allowed thee to take as attendant Creiisa Hence, nor does he, the ruler of upper Olympus, permit it. Long is the exile, and vast is the ocean expanse to be traversed : 780 Thou shalt the land of Hesperia reach, where the Lydian Thybris Flows in its slow march mid the luxuriant fields of its heroes. There are alloted thee joyous events, and a realm and a royal Consort ; O chase then away the tears for thy cherished Creusa : 1 on the Myrmidons', or the Dolopians' lordly dominions 785 BOOK II. ■ 41 Never shall gaze, nor go to be slave to the matrons of Grecia, Dardanus' daughter, and daughter-in-law of Venus the goddess : But in these nether realms does the gods' great mother detain me. Now farewell, and retain thy love for our mutual offspring." When she had spoken these words she deserted me, weeping and longing 790 Much to bespeak her, and back she in airy vacuity vanished. Thrice I attempted my arms there round her neck to encircle ; Thrice unavailingly grasped did the phantom escape from my clutches. Like the intangible winds, or the guise of a fugitive slumber. Thus, at length with the night far spent, I revisit my comrades ; 795 But an inordinate number of newly recruited attendants Here I astonished discover have joined them, both matrons and heroes, Young men banded for exile, a motley and pitiful rabble. They have assembled from all sides, ready with souls and resources, Bound o'er the ocean to whatever lands I may choose to conduct them. 800 Now on the heights of the summit of Ida was brightly the day star Rising and ushering day, and blocked, were the Danaans holding Gateways' thresholds ; no longer was hope of assistance afforded : Hence I submitted, and lifting my sire I repaired to the mountain. BOOK III. Still at the Banquet, tineas narrates his adventurous journeys, Boaming from country to country till driven by tempest to Carthage, After it suited supernals the fortunes of Asia and Priam's Ruin-unmeriting nation to wreck, and has fallen the once proud Ilium, and low on the ground smokes all Neptunian Troja, We are, by deities' auguries, driven to seek for sequestered Places of exile, and desolate lands ; and we build us a squadron ^ Down by Antandros itself, by the mountains of Phrygian Ida, Knowing not whither the fates may conduct us, or where they will let us Settle, and muster our men. But scarce had the earliest summer Opened, and Father Anchises was bidding set sail on the venture ; When I in weeping forever the shores and the ports of my country lo Leave, and the plains where Troja was : I am launched as an exile Out on the deep with my comrades,and son,and home-gods, and great gods. Far in its limitless plains, there is peopled a province of Mavors, Thracians now till it, though formerly ruled by the daring Lycurgus, Guest-land ancient of Troja, and having reciprocal home-gods 15 While there was fortune. I thither am wafted, and there, on a winding Shore, I my earliest ramparts place, though intruding with adverse Fates, and assume from my own name for us the name of ^neans. I was solemnities rendering to my Dionean mother, And to the patronal gods of our inchoate schemes, and a sleek bull 20 Slaughtering out on the beach to the sovereign supreme of celestials. Close by the spot, as it chanced, was a mound, on whose summit were cornel Sprouts, and a myrtle bristling with clusters of tapering spear-shafts ; This I approached, and essayed from the ground to pull up the verdant Thicket, in order with foliaged branches to shelter the altars, 25 42 BOOK III. 43 When I beheld an anomaly horrid and wondrous to utter : For from the tree which is first from the soil, with its rootlets dissevered, Plucked, lo ! streaming out oozingly livid and ebony blood-drops Trickle, and spatter the earth with the gore. A shivering horror Thrills through my quivering limbs, and my chilled blood curdles with terror ! 30 Once and again I proceed to pull up a pliable offshoot Still of another, and search to the core the mysterious causes : Black in the same style drips from the bark of that other the blood-clots ! Pondering much in my mind, I implore of the nymphs of the wildwoods. Yea, and of father Gradivus, who patrons the Getian moorlands, 35 Duly to second the vision and lighten the marvelous omen. But, when at length I with still more desperate effort, the third stock Grapple, and struggle amain, with my knees on the opposite sand-bank — Shall I speak out, or be silent ? — a piteous moan from the deep mound Issues, and back to my ears is the answering utterance rendered : 40 ' ' Why thus torture a wretch, O .(Eneas ? O spare now the buried ; Spare, too, thy pious hands the incurment ! No stranger hath Troja Borne me to thee, nor yet does this gore-clot ooze from a dead trunk : Ah ! escape from these murderous lands, escape from this covetous seacoast. I'm Polydorus ! hereon hath an iron harvest of weapons 45; Covered me up transfixed, and hath grown to accuminate javelins." Verily then I, oppressed in my mind with bewildering terror, Stood aghast, and my hair rose, and choked was my voice in expression. This Polydorus, with marvelous weight of gold, had aforetime Luckless Priam entrusted a-sly for tuitional nurture 50, Unto the Thracian king, while as yet he Dardania's armor Doubted, and saw the city beleaguered with martial investment. Soon as the Teucran forces were shattered, and fortune forsook them. He Agamemnon's cause and his conquering armor espousing, Tramples on every right, and slays Polydorus, and basely 55 Seizes his gold. To what dost thou not goad bosoms of mortals, Cursable thirst for gold ! When the shudder my bones has forsaken, I to the chosen chiefs of the people, and first to my parent. Bring the report of the deities' wonders, and ask their opinion ; All are of similar mind, to depart from the criminal province, 60 Quit the perfidious guest-land, and give to our vessels the south-winds. Hence we award Polydorus sepulture, and soon an enormous Mound of earth is upheaped, and altars are reared to his spirit, Mournfully draped with cerulean wreaths and funereal cypress ; Round them are Ilian matrons, with tresses as wonted disheveled ; 65 44 THE ^NEID. Bring we, and empty libatively chalices frotliing with new milk, Platters of sanctified blood, and his soul in a sepulchre worthy Lay we to rest, and with loud voice, utter our ultimate farewells. Then, when the main first warrants, and the breezes afford us unruffled Seas, and a south-wind gently rustling invites to the broad deep, 70 Launch my companions the ships, and together are crowding the sea-beach. Forth from the port we are wafted, and vanish the cities and headlands. Out in the midst of the sea there is tilled a delectable island. Sacred to Doris the nerelds' mother, and Neptune ^g^an. Which, as it wandered adrift around by the coasts and the sea-shores, 75 Pious Bow-bearer to lofty Mycone, and Gyaros bound it Fast, and immovably gave it for culture, and scorn of the tempests : Here I am wafted, this quiet retreat to its sheltering harbor Welcomes us weary; on landing revere we the town of Apollo. Sovereign Anius — sovereign of men and the pontiff of Phoebus — 80 Wreathing his temples anew with the fillets and sanctified laurel. Meets us, and brings to remembrance his former acquaintance, Anchises. Join we our hands in reciprocal friendship, and enter his mansions. I, at the deity's temples, constructed of primitive granite, [grant 85 Worshipped : " O grant us, Thymbrsean, a home of our own, to the worn Ramparts, a race, and a permanent city ; to Troja another Pergamus save, and the waifs of the Danai and ruthless Achilles. Who shall we follow ? Where biddest us go ? Where establish a homestead ? Grant us, O father, an omen, and glide thou into our spirits." Scarce had I spoken, when all things seemed of a sudden to tremble, 90 Even the thresholds, the deity's laurel, and round us the whole mount Quaking, and deep from the opened recesses to rumble the tripod ! Bowing, we fall to the ground, and a voice is conveyed to our hearing : " Dardanus' hardy descendants, the land which first from your parents' Stock hath produced you, the same shall at length to her bountiful bosom 95 Greet you returning : then carefully search for your primitive mother. Here shall the house of .^Eneas be master of every seaboard. Yea, and his children's children, and those to be born of their issue." Such words Phoebus ; and great was the gladness commingled with tumult Wakened, and eagerly all ask which are the designate ramparts : 100 Whither does Phcebus the wanderers beckon, and bid them return to ? Then does my father, unrolling the records of veteran heroes : "Listen, O chieftains," he says, " and learn now the hopes that await you : Out in the midst of the deep lies Crete, the island of mighty Jove, where is Ida's mount, and our nation's nursery-cradle. 105 BOOK III. 45 They in a hundred magnificent cities, and richest of kingdoms, Dwell ; whence our patriarch sire — if I rightly remember the story — Teucer was wafted at first to the Rhoetean borders, and landing Chose him a site for his kingdom: not yet had been builded Ilium and Pergamus' castles; they dwelt in the lowermost valleys. no Hence dame-warden of Cybel^; hence Corybantian cymbals ; Hence, too, the grove of Ida, and secrecy true of its orgies; Hence were the lions that, harnessed, the chariot drew of their mistress. Come, then, and let us pursue where the deity's orderings lead us; Let us appease the winds, and embark for the Gnosian kingdoms. 1,15 They are not distant a long voyage; only be Jupiter present, Then will the third dawn land our fleet in the Cretan dominions." Thus having spoken he slew, at the altars, befitting oblations, Neptune a bullock, a bullock to thee, O comely Apollo, Black-fleeced sheep to the tempest, a white to the favoring zephyrs. 1 20 Rumor is flitting that chieftain Idomeneus banished has lately Quitted the realms of his sire, and the coasts of Crete are deserted; Homes are by foemen vacated, and homesteads abandoned await us. Leave we Ortygia's port, and away we fly o'er the ocean; Skirt we along by Naxos, where bacchanals sport on the hillsides, 125 Verdant Donysa, Olearos, snow-capped Paros and Cyclads, Sown o'er the main, and the straits bestudded with clusters of islands. Rises the mariners' shout, in an emulous rivalry varied ; Comrades each other exhort: " We are steering for Crete and our grandsires." Freshening breezes astern are pursuing us on as we journey; ijo Onward at length do we glide to the primitive shores of Curetes. Therefore I eagerly plot out the walls of the coveted city. Call it the Pergaman city, and pleased with the title the nation Counsel to cherish their firesides, and rear for their dwellings a castle: Yea, and already the ship's sterns most were uphauled on the dry beach •. 135 Stalwarts were busy in marriage and tilling their newly acquired fields; I was assigning them statutes and homes, when suddenly blighting. Pitiless pestilence, came from the tainted expanse of the heavens, Wasting our limbs and vineyards and crops, and the season was deadly. They were forsaking their precious lives, or were dragging their sickly 140 Bodies about: then Sirius scorched the infructuous grain fields; Herbage was parching.and sickly the harvest refusing subsistence. Back to Ortygia's oracle now, and to Phoebus my father Counsels, recrossing the sea, that we go and petition indulgence, Asking what end he will bring to our weary affairs, and whence bid us 745 46 THE JENEID. Try for relief of our tnais, and whither to vary our voyage. Night was abroad, and on lands was slumber the animals holding: When the deities' sacred busts, and the Phrygian home-gods, Which I had out of the midst of the fires of'the city from Troja Brought with me, seemed to be standing before mine eyes, as in slumbers 150 Lying, revealed to my view by a plentiful glare, where the full moon Brightly was pouring upon them its beams through the wainscoted windows. Then thus they seemed to address me and soothe my distresses in these words: "All that Apollo would tell thee, if now to Ortygia wafted, Here he descants, and behold he remits it unasked to thy threshold. 155 We, since Dardania's burning, have thee and thine armor attended; Under thy lead in thy fleet we have measured the turbulent waters, Yea, and the same will thy future descendants exalt to the planets, And will confer on thy city an empire ! For the mighty the ramparts Mighty prepare, nor relinquish the long hard toil of thy journey. 160 Sites must be changed : these shores are not those which the Delian pledges. Nor did Apollo enjoin thee to settle in Crete as a home-stead. There is a spot — Hesperia Grecians distinctively term it, Ancient the land, and potential in arms and in richness of tillage; Men of CEnotria settled it, now by report have their offspring 165 Titled the nation Italia, so named from the name of their leader; There are our indefeasable seats: hence Dardanus issued; Father lasius also, from whom was our race at its outset. Come now, arise, and with joy to thy long-lived father these tidings, Not to be doubted, report, and for Corythus let him inquire and 170 Lands of Ausonia, Jupiter Dictean meadows denies thee." Stunned by such singular sights and the voice by the deities uttered — That was not sleep, but methought that I recognized clearly before me Even their features and filleted tresses and actual faces; Then there was trickling a clammy sweat o'er the whole of my body — 175 Fling I my body in haste from bed, and extending my outspread Hands with my voice toward heaven, I pour an unmingled libation Out on the hearths. This service accomplished, I make with rejoicing Known to Anchises the fact, and unfold the occurrence in order. He the ambiguous issue and twain-traced parents acknowledged, 180 And so deceived in his recent mistake of the primitive places. Then he rehearses: " My son, still harassed by Ilian fortunes, Only Cassandra was wont to descant such calamities to us: Now I remember she did portend for our race these allotments Often Hesperia, often Italian kingdoms she mentioned. ig.5 BOOK III. 47 But that "the Teucrans were destined to come to Hesperia's seacoasts, Who could believe ? Or whom then could Cassandra the prophetess startle ? Let us to Phoebus submit as admonished, and follow his counsels." So does he say, and we jubilant all comply with his mandate. Quit we this settlement also, and leaving a party behind set 190 Sail, and away o'er the vast main bound in our cavernous timber. After our vessels have holden the deep, and no longer are any Headlands in sight; but everywhere heaven and everywhere ocean. Then there impended above my head a cerulean rain-cloud. Bringing down night and a storm, and the wave grew rough in the darkness. 195 Forthwith the winds are uprolling the sea, and the ponderous billows Rise, and, dispersed, we are tossed on the fathomless whirlpool. Mists have enshrouded the day, and the humid night has the heaven Wrapt; from the rifted clouds redouble the flashes of lightning. Out of our course we are driven, and wander on wildering billows: 200 E'en Palinurus confesses he cannot distinguish the daylight Now from the night by the sky; nor remembered his way on the mid- wave; So that for three indeterminate suns we in wildering darkness Roam on the deep, and as many a night are we reft of the star-light. Land on the fourth day seemed for the first at length in the distance 205 Looming, and mountains appear from afar and uprolling a smoke-cloud. Tumble the sails; to the oars we spring, and unhalting the sailors Tuggingly spurt up the spray, and we sweep the cerulean waters. First, when escaped from the billows, the shores of the Strophades bid me Welcome; the Strophades, albeit islands yclept by a Greek name, 210 Stand in the mighty Ionian Sea, where the direful Celseno Dwells with the other harpies, after that Phineiis' mansion On them was closed, and in fear they abandoned their previous tables. No more hideous monster than they, nor merciless god-sent Pest, and deities' wrath hath emerged from the Stygian surges: 215 Maidenly features of fowls are theirs, and exceedingly loathsome Flux of the bowels, and talony clutches, and faces forever Haggard with hunger: — Lo ! when hither inwafted, as soon as we entered the harbor. Noticed we herds of cattle frisking at large on the open 220 Plains, and a flock of goats at pasture without a protector: On them with sabre we rush, and the gods, and Jupiter even, Summon to share in the plunder; we then on a circular sea-beach Build us extemporized couches, and feast on the sumptuous viands. But of a sudden, adown with a horrible swoop from the mountains, 225 48 THE ^NEID. Harpies are on us, and, flapping their wings with inordinate clangors, Pilfer the viands, and everything taint with their feculent contact: Then their detestable screech in the midst of the sickening odor. Once more under a cavernous cliff, and away in seclusion, Closed in around by the trees, and the screen of their horrible shadows, 230 Spread we our tables anew, and rekindle the fires on the altars. Once more out of their hidden retreats, from a different quarter, Pounce the uproarious horde with their talony feet on the plunder, Soiling the food with their mouth. I then issue the order that comrades Take to their arms, and that war be waged on the villanous nation. 235 They not less than as bidden do, and, secure in the herbage Deftly dispose of their swords, and conceal their bucklers m ambush. Therefore, when swooping adown, they have uttered a shriek through the winding Shores, Misenus a signal blast from his elevate look-out Gives on his trumpet of brass. My associates charge, and the strange fight 240 Hazard with steel to disfigure the obscene fowls of the ocean. " But not a stroke on their feathers, nor ever a wound on their bodies Do they receive; and they soaring, in rapidest flight to the planets. Leave half-eaten their plunder and loathsomely feculent footprints. Only Celseno perches aloft on a pendulous rock-crag, 245 Ill-omened seeress, and rips this utterance out of her bosom: " War ye moreover, for slaughter of oxen and slaying of bullocks, Imps of Laomedon, war ye are on us preparing to wager, And to expel from their father's dominions the innocent harpies: Take then into your souls, and fix these averments within them. 250 What the omnipotent father to Phoebus, and Phoebus Apollo Erst hath predicted to me, will I, the eldest of furies, unfold you. Ye on your voyage Italia seek, and, the breezes invoked, ye Shall to Italia go, and be suffered to enter its harbors; But ye shall never have compassed your destined city with ramparts, 255 Ere that a direful hunger, the visited wrong of our plotted Slaughter, shall force you your half-gnawed tables to craunch with your molars !" Spake she, and soaring she fled on her pinions away to the forest. But by the sudden o'erpowering fright my associates' chilled blood Curdled; their spirits have fallen, and now no longer by armor, 260 But by vows and entreaties, they bid me solicit a respite. Whether they goddesses be, or ill-omened, detestable vultures ; Yea, and, my father Anchises, with outstretched palms, on the seashore Calls on divinities mighty, and orders befitting oblations: " Gods, O prohibit these threats, O ye gods avert such disaster 265 BOOK III. 4v^ From us, and rescue benignly the pious !" He then from the seabeach Bids them heave off the hawser, and shake out the reefs of the mainsails. South-winds belly the sails, and we flee o'er the feathery billows Onward, wherever the wind and the pilot our course were inviting. Now in the midst of the wave is appearing the wooded Zacynthos, 270 There, too, Dulichium, Sam6, and Neritos beetling with ledges. Shun we the Ithacan cliffs, and the hostile Laertian kingdoms: Curse we in passing the nursery-land of the ruthless Ulysses. Presently also the cloud-capped peaks of the mountain Leucat6 Loom into sight, and, by mariners dreaded, the fane of Apollo: 275 Wearied for this do we steer, and approach its diminutive city; Cast from the prow is the anchor, the sterns stand moored to the seabeach. Therefore at length we, possessing a land we had never expected. Offer lustrations to Jove, and with votives we kindle the altars. Yea, and we celebrate Ilian games on the Actian seashores; 280 Naked, with lubricant oil, my associates practice the wrestling Sports of their country; we joy to have passed so many Argolic Cities, and held on our flight unobserved through the midst of the foemen. Meanwhile the sun is around in its annual cycle a great year Rolled, and the glacial winter roughens the billows with north-winds: 285 So I a round brass shield, the equipment of Abas the mighty. Fix to the opposite door-posts, and note the event by a stanza: These are the trophies .(Eneas hath won from the Danaan victors ! Then I bid them abandon the harbor and sit on the thwart-seats.- Ganrades in rivalry lash up the sea, and they sweep o'er the waters. 290 Straightway we bury Phaeacia's airy castles, and onward Coast by the shores of Epirus, and soon the Chaonian harbor Enter, and straight draw nigh to the lofty city Buthrotum. Here an incredible rumor of issues absorbs our attention: Helenas, Priam's descendant, is reigning o'er Grecian cities, 295 Owning the spouse and the sceptre of Pyrrhus, the son of ^acus ! Thus to a lord of her country again has Andromache fallen ! I was astounded, and kindled my bosom with wonderful longing Now to converse with the hero, and know of his marvelous fortunes. Forth from the harbor I stride, forsaking the fleets and the seasides; 300 When, as it happened, her annual feasts and funereal presents. Out in a grove in front of the town, was Andromache making. Hard by a typical Samois' wave, and invoking her Hector's Ghost at a green-turfed mound, which she had as a cenotaph hallowed There to his dust, and for purpose of weeping a couple of altars, 305 EjO THE MNEIB. As she beheld me approaching, and noticed around me the Trojan Armor, bewildered and shocked by the grand apparition she stood stark Stiff in the midst of her gaze, and the warmth her bones has abandoned; Swoons she, and after a long time barely at length she bespeaks me: " Dost thou an actual person, an actual messenger greet me, 310 Goddess-born ? and alive ? or, if fostering light hath departed— Where is my Hector ?" she said, and she poured forth tears and the whole place Filled with her crying. I barely in brief the delirious weeper Answer, and bashed, and embarrassed, in faltering utterance stammer: "Yes, I'm alive, and am life through every extremity leading; 315 Doubt not, for what thou beholdest is real: — Ah ! what disaster anon, cast down from so noble a husband, Singles thee out, or what fortune sufficiently worthy revisits Hector's Andromache ? Art thou the marriage of Pyrrhus preserving ?" Down she her countenance cast, and in humbled expression responded: 320 " Blest thou alone above others, O virgin daughter of Priam, Who at the tomb of a foeman, 'neath Troja's imperial ramparts Summoned to die, didst never endure the allotting of choices; No, nor hast touched as a captive the couch of a conquering master ! After our country was burned, we, wafted o'er various waters, 325 Bore the disdain of the stock of Achilles, the insolent stripling. Childbirth in thraldom enduring of him, who afterwards princess Leda's Hermion6 courting, and Lacedaemonian nuptials, Handed me over to Helenus, slave by a slave to be holden; Yet him Orestes, inflamed with a passionate love for his stolen 330 Spouse, and goaded by furies, of crimes the vindictive avengers. Takes unawares and assassinates right at the national altars. So, at the death of Neoptolemus, part of the realm fell Duly to Helenus, who by the name of Chaonian moorlands Called it, the whole Chaonia titled from Chaon the Trojan: 335 Pergamus added he, and on the hills yon Ilian castle. But what breezes, I pray, and what fortunes have rendered thy voyage Safe, or what god hath impelled thee unwittingly on to our confines ? What of the boy Ascanius ? Does he survive, and the free air Breathe, whom to thee while as yet at Troja: — 340 O has the boy, though, any regret for the loss of his parent ? Tell me to aught of their pristine valor and vigor of manhood Do such a sire as ^neas and uncle as Hector incite him ? " Such were the strains she was weepingly pouring,and wakening long sobs Vainly, when lo ! there emerges the hero himself from the ramparts, 345 BOOK III, 51 Priam's son Helenus, and, with many escorting attendants, Welcomes his townsmen and leads them rejoicingly up to his thresholds, Many a tear-drop shedding with every word that he utters. Onward I wend, and diminutive Troja and, type of the mighty, Pergamus, yea and a dried-up stream by the name of the Xanthus 350 Own, and a Scsean gateway's thresholds greet with embraces. Teucrans enjoy at the same time, too, their associates' city. Them was the King in his ample porticoes welcoming freely ; There in the midst of the court they were quaffing their beakers to Bacchus ; Viands were served them in gold, and they even were holding the goblets. 355 Now has a day and another day glided away, and the breezes Beckon the sails, and the canvas is fanned by the freshening south-wind : In these terms I appeal to the prophet, and thus I entreat him : " Native of Troja, a seer of the gods, who the pleasure of Phosbus Knowest, who tripods, the Clarian's laurels, who stars, and the varied 360 Language of birds, and the signs of the fluttering feather divinest. Say now, for thus far to me all of my course has auspicious Augury spoken, and all of the gods have persuaded me on to Seek for Italia, and search for the regions that lie in the distance : Only the harpy Celseno, a strange and unfit to be uttered 365 Prodigy chants, and denounces upon us deplorable vengeance : Namely a loathsome hunger. What perils must I at the outset Shun, or pursuing what course can I brave such onerous hardships ?" Hereupon Helenus, first having sacrificed duly the bullocks. Prays of the deities peace, and unloosing the fillets from off his 370 Sanctified head, he himself, O Phoebus, on up to thy thresholds Leads me by hand, as I shrank overawed by thy manifold presence. Then from his mouth divine thus discants the oracular pontiff : " Goddess-born — for that thou o'er the deep under auspices grander Goest, assurance is clear, so the sovereign of gods is allotting 375 Fates, and unrolling their issues, and this is the order assigned them — Few of the many behests, as to how thou mayest more safely Traverse the alien waters, and land in Ausonia's haven, I will disclose ; for the destinies interdict Helenus knowing More that ensues, and Saturnian Juno forbids him to tell it. 380 First from Italia which thou regardest now nigh and the harbors Which, as in vicinage, thou art unwittingly ready to enter. Know that by long lands distant a long drear journey divides thee. Then, too, thine oar must needs be yet on Trinacria's billow Bent, and the main of Ausonia's brine by thy vessels be traversed ; 385 52 THE ^NEID. Aye, and the lakes infernal, and island of Circe /Eaean, Ere thou canst in a land unmolested establish a city. I will declare thee the signs, and in memory hidden retain them: When thou solicitous shalt by the wave or a mystical river, Under its marginal hollies, discover reposing a huge sow, 39° Having but recently brought forth thirty head at a litter, While on the ground reclining, and round her udder her white pigs, That shall the site of thy city be, that the sure rest of thy labors ; Shudder thou not in alarm at the future gnawing of tables ; Fates will devise thee a way, and Apollo invoked will befriend thee. 395 But beware of those lands, and those coasts of Italia's confines, Which, in its ebbing and flowing, is washed by the tide of our waters : Shun them ; their towns are inhabited all by the villanous Grecians. Here have Narycian Loricans planted impregnable ramparts ; Here, too, the Salentinian plains with his soldiers beleaguers 400 Lyctian Idomeneus. Here that little Petelia, buttressed By Philoctete's wall, the renowned Meliboean commander. But when over the once crossed main thy fleets shall have safely , Moored, and thou now pay vows at the altars upbuilt on the seabeach ; Veiling remember to muffle thy locks with a mantle of purple, 405 Lest, in the midst of the sanctified fires in the deities' honor. Any inimical visage obtrude, and unsettle the omens : Let thy companions this custom of rites keep, keep it thyself, too ; Let all thy guileless descendants adhere to this solemn observance. But, when departed, the wind shall have nigh to Siculian confines 410 Borne thee, and narrow the straits of Pelorus shall open its vistas. Then let the land on -the left, and the main on the left by a lengthy Circuit be sought: on the right beware of the shore and the breakers. Once these places, convulsed by a shock and a mighty upheaval — Such are the changes the long lapse of ages avails to accomplish — 415 Parted asunder they tell us, when both had throughout but a single Mainland been: through the midst came the sea, and, by shock of its surges. Split the Hesperian side from Siculian, and parting, by shore-lined Meadows and cities, it flowed in a compressed channel between them. Guarding the right side Scylla, the left the remorseless Charybdis 420 Crouches, and thrice in a day,, by a whirlpool deep of the chasm, Sucks the abrupt waves in, and back she again to the free air Flings them alternate, and lashes the stars with the breakers. But in its hidden recesses a cavern incarcerates Scylla, Thrusting her jaws out through, and drawing the ships on the ledges. 425 BOOK III. 53 Human her features above, and a maiden with beautiful bosom Down to the waist, and below it a fish with a hideous body, Having the flippers of dolphins joined to a belly of wild-wolves. Better to compass Trinacria's bounds and the cape of Pachynus, Though it delay thee, and coast on a long and tedious voyage, 430 Than to have once the anomalous Scylla beheld in her dismal Den, and the rocks that resound with the hideous howl of her green-dogs. Further, if Helenus any discretion, if any reliance Has as a seer, if Apollo with truth is inspiring his spirit, This one thing, O goddess-born, this one above all things, 435 I will foretell thee, and over and over repeating, it warn thee. First by prayer great Juno's divinity solemnly worship; Cheerfully chant unto Juno thy vows, and the powerful mistress Conquer by suppliant offerings ; so shalt thou only as victor. Leaving Trinacria, finally launch for Italia's confines. 440 Here, when wafted away, thou approachest the city of Cumse, Lakes, too, divine, and the streams of Avernus that roar in the forests. Thou shalt behold the oracular seeress, who under the high rock Sings of the fates, and commits to the leaflets her notes and divinings: But what verses soever the maiden may once have on leaflets 445 Written, she ranges in number, and leaves them enclosed in her cavern: These, when unjostled, remain in their places, nor fall out of order, Yet on the turn of the hinge, when a light wind gently hath on them Blown, and the door has disturbed, by its opening, the delicate leaflets, Never thenceforth is she careful to catch, as they flit through the caverned 450 Rock, or restore, or again to adjust in position the verses: Many uncounselled depart, and abhor the abode of the Sibyl. Here let no loss by delay be deemed of such vital importance. Though thy companions upbraid, and thy voyage imperious seaward Beckon thy sails, and thou mightest fill out thy prosperous canvas, 455 Still to the seeress repair, and with prayers her oracle beg her Chant thee herself, and her voice and her lips unseal at her pleasure. She will disclose thee Italia's tribes, and the wars of the future, How to avoid, and how to endure each several hardships Show thee; and, kindly entreated, will grant thee a prosperous journey. 460 Such are the warnings which we by our voice are allowed to impart thee: Go now, and bear to the firmament Troja the great by achievements." So, when the prophet in friendly expression has uttered these charges. Then does he ponderous presents of gold, and of ivory sculptured. Order conveyed to the shipping, and stores in the holds of the vessels 465 54 THE JENEID. Massive service of silver, and brazen Dodonian caldrons; Also a corslet of ring-work, netted together with three-ply Gold, and the cone, and the horse-hair plumes of an elegant helmet, Neoptolemus' armor. His gifts to my father are special; Horses he adds, and he adds conductors: — 47° Oarage supplies, and at once he equips my companions with armor. Meanwhile Anchises was bidding refurnish the vessels with canvas. Lest there might be a delay to the carrying wind at its coming. Him with profusion of honor the prophet of Phoebus addresses: " Noble Anchises, deemed worthy of Venus' distinguishing wedlock, 475 Charge of the deities, twice from the ruins of Pergamus rescued, Lo ! thy land of Ausonia ! hasten with sails and possess it: Yet thou must needs pass by on the ocean yon visible coast-line: Far is that part of Ausonia hence which Apollo discloses; Go," says he, "blest in thy offspring's piety — Why am I onward 480 Drifted too far, and by talking detaining the freshening south-winds ? " No less kindly Andromache, sad at our final departure. Brings forth vestments embroidered with figures in stitching of gold-thread. Tenders Ascanius a Phrygian cloak : nor is lacking in honor Rendered, and loads him with loom-wrought presents, and thus speaks: 485 " Take these and let them become as mementoes, my boy, of my own hand's Working, and testify to thee Andromache's lasting affection, Widow of Hector ! Accept them as farewell gifts of thy kindred. O thou embodiment sole of my own Astyanax left me ! Just such eyes he possessed, such hands, such features exactly; 490 Yes, and he now would have bloomed into equal maturity with thee." Them I, too, in departing, with upwelling tears, was addressing: " Live on in blissfulness, O ye whose fortune already is meted ! We are from fates unto fates in successive recurrency summoned; Quiet for you is secured ; no ocean expanse to be furrowed 495 More, no fields of Ausonia still to be sought and forever Shrinking away. You the representation of Xanthus and Troja See, which your own hands here have made, and I would it were under Happier auspices, less, too, exposed to our foemen the Grecians. But if I ever the Thybris, and meadows adjacent the Thybris 500 Enter, if ever I gaze on the ramparts assigned to my nation, We will hereafter our cognate cities and neighboring people — Yours at Epirus and mine in Hesperia, Dardanus common Founder of each, and our trials identical — constitute both one Troja in spirit ; this charge shall remain to our future descendants." 505 BOOK III. 55 Close to Ceraunia's shore we are wafted along on the ocean, Whence to Italia our journey and course on the billow is shortest. Meanwhile the sun goes down, and the mountains are shrouded obscurely; Stretch we ourselves on the lap of the coveted land by the billow. Lotting the watch at the oars, and at random along on the dry beach 510 Care for our bodies, and slumber our toil-worn members refreshes. Night, led on by the hours, was as yet rfot mounting her mid orb. Ere Palinurus, no laggard, upstarts from his couch and examines Every wind, and catches the breeze in his ears as it whispers: All of the stars he notes, as they glide in the silence of heaven; 5x5 Notes he Arcturus, the pluvial Hyads, the small and the great Bear: Narrowly scans he Orion accoutred in golden equipment. When he discovers all nature in heaven abiding serenely, Shrilly a signal he peals from the poop-deck. Break we encampment, Venture the voyage, and spread out the wings of our sails to the breezes. 520 Now, with the flight of the stars, was beginning the blush of Aurora, When from afar we descry indistinctly the hills and the lowlands Dim of Italia. Italia shouted the joyous Achates ! Comrades with jubilant shout are Italia hearty saluting. Then does my father Anchises a huge wine-crock with a garland 525 Wreathe, and he filled it with unmixed wine and the deities worshipped, Perched on a lofty stern : — " Gods, whose legitimate sway is the sea and the land and the tempests. Bring with the wind an agreeable voyage, and breathe ye propitious ! " Freshen the coveted breezes, and opens already the harbor 530 Nearer, and there, on a height, is appearing the fane of Minerva. Furl my companions the sails, and the prows twirl round to the seashores. Curved in a bow-shape, safe from the surf on the east is a harbor; Opposite cliffs out-jutting foam with the dash of the salt spray; Hidden itself, for the turreted peaks in a duplicate breastwork 535 Reach down their arms at its mouth, and the temple recedes in the distance. Here, as initial omen, T saw four horses in pasture. Grazing at large on the commons, and spotlessly snowy in whiteness. Father Anchises : " War thou portendest, O land of the stranger ! Horses are harnessed for war, and war these animals bode us : 540 But yet these self-same quadrupeds have to the chariot long been Wont to submit, and to bear in the collar the peaceable bridle : Hope, too, of peace," he exclaims. We then to divinities holy Pray of the armor-resounding Pallas, who welcomed us joyful First, and we muffle our heads with the Phrygian veil at the altars, 545 56 THE .ENEID. And, as admonished by Helenus, who had expressly enjoined it, Duly we pay to the Argive Juno the requisite honors. Loitering not, forthwith, when our vows were in order completed, Seaward we turn the booms of our sail-adjustable yard-arms; Quit we the homes and suspected fields of the race of the Grecians. 550 Hence now the bay of Tarentum, if rumor be true, by the mighty Hercules founded, is sighted : the goddess Lacinia looms up Fronting, and castles of Caulon, and noted for wrecks Scylaceiim. Then from the wave in the distance is sighted Trinacrian .^Etna, And we the loud moan hear of the ocean, and the rocks by the breakers 555 Pounded hear, and afar on the shores the reverberant echoes Hear, and the waters upleap and the sands in the surf are immingled. Father Anchises : " Undoubtedly this is that awful Charybdis ! Those are the cliffs, and these are the rocks of which Helenus warned us. Rescue us, comrades, and spring to your rowing together for dear life." 560 Promptly as bidden they do, and ahead Palinurus his growling Prow rounds sharply away to the billows that lie on the larboard : Larboard the whole fleet steered by the aid of their oars and the mainsails. Up on the high-curved surge we are lifted to heaven, and swiftly Down to the nethermost shades we descend on the refluent billows. 565 Thrice did the cliffs mid the cavernous kdges re-echo the clamors ; Thrice did we see the bespattering spray and the stars, as if dew-drenched. Meanwhile the wind with the sun forsook us benighted and wear}'. When, not knowing the way, we drift to the shores of the Cyclops. Safe from the sweep of the winds is the harbor itself, and capacious; 570 But in its vicinage thunders .(Etna with frightful eruptions. E'er and anon in its throes it discharges to heaven a black cloudy Smoking in pitchy whirls, and, with sparkles of glittering cinders, Flings out balls of flame, and licks with its flashes the planets ; E'er and anon it the crags, and the mountain's evicerate bowels 575 Heaves up belching, and up with a groan it amasses the molten Rocks to the air as it surges and seethes to its nethermost bottom. Legend asserts that Enceladus' body, half roasted by lightning, Under the mass is oppressed , and above it is ponderous ^tna. Superimposed, from its riven furnaces breathing out flame- jets; 580 And as oft as he changes his weary side, with a rumble All Trinacria quakes, and the heavens are wrapped in a smoke-cloud. Sheltered that night by the forests throughout we endure the appalling Spectres, nor can we discover the cause that occasions the noises ; For there were visible neither the twinkle of stars, nor the zenith, 585 BOOK III. 57 Bright with sidereal aether, but clouds in the overcast heavens, And the unseasonly night was enshrouding the moon in a storm-cloud. Now was arising the following day with its earliest Eastern Light, and Aurora had brushed from the zenith the dampening shadows ; When, from the woods of a sudden, the singular form of an unknown 590 Man, to the utmost meagreness wasted, in wretched condition, Issues, and stretches his hands as a suppliant out on the sea-shore. Backward we look ! His squalor was shocking ; his beard was all matted ; Pinned was his raiment with thorns, but in other respects he was Grecian, Yea, and to Troja was formerly sent with the arms of his country. 595 He, when he saw our Dardanian garbs, and the armor of Troja Flash in the distance upon him, o'erwhelmed at the sight for the moment Halted, and slackened his footsteps : presently he to the sea-side Headlong hurried with tears and prayers : " By the stars I adjure you, O by the powers above, and this breathable light of the heavens, 600 Carry me, Teucrans, hence, and to whatever lands ye convey me. It shall suffice. I know I am one from the fleet of the Danai, Yea, and confess that in war I assaulted the Ilian home-gods : For which, if such be the injury done by our criminal outrage, Strew me in shreds on the billow, and drown me at once in the vast deep ; 605 So, if I perish, I'll joy to have perished by hands that are human." Thus had he spoken, and clasping our knees, to our knees he was groveling Clinging : we beg him to tell us at once who he is, and from what blood Sprung, and then that he franklj' acknowledge what fortune pursues him. Father Anchises himself, not wasting a moment, his right hand 610 Gives to the youth, and emboldens his soul by a personal token. He then thus, when his terror at length was abated, bespeaks us : "I'm from the Ithacan's country, a comrade of luckless Ulysses, Name Achemenides, sent by my indigent sire Adamastus Forward to Troja — and would that my fortune as his had continued. 615 Here my companions unmindful, when they, in their trepidant panic, Quitted these merciless thresholds, left me behind in the Cyclops' Fathomless cavern, a mansion of gore and of bloody carousals, Dismal within and immense. He gigantic impinges the lofty Stars ; O ye deities, ward from the earth such a pestilent monster ! 620 None can endure to behold him, and none feel free to bespeak him : Greedy he gloats on the entrails and blackened blood of his victims ; Yea, I myself saw when he the bodies of two of our number Clutched in his brawny hand, and supine in the midst of his cavern. Smashed them against the rock; and, bespattered with matter, the thresholds 625 58 THE ^NEID. Swam : and I saw when he craunched their limbs all dripping with blackened Clots, and their joints still blood-warm quivered with life in his tushes : Not with impunity though, for Ulysses such truculence brooked not ; Nor were the Ithacan's wits at a loss in such an emergence. For as soon as he, gorged with his viands, and buried in wassail, 630 Settled his bent-back neck, and lay out-sprawled in his cavern Monstrous, and spewing in sleep out gory putrescence, and gobbets Mingled with blood-tinged wine, we, uplifting our prayers to the great gods. Choosing by lot our assignments, together around him on all sides Cluster, and bore out sheer, with a tapering weapon, his eye-ball 635 Huge that was under his scowling brow in its loneliness lurking. Like an Argolic shield, or the luminous candle of Phoebus. So we at length with rejoicing avenge the shades of our comrades : But escape, O ye wretches, escape and your rope from the seabeach Sever : — For, as uncouth and gigantic as there in his cavernous rock-den Pens Polyphemus his fieece-clad flocks, and presses their udders. Dwell there abroad on these winding shores, as in common, a hundred Other abhorrible Cyclops, and wander yon towering mountains. Now are the moon's horns filling themselves with light for the third time, 645 Since I in forests and desolate lairs and haunts of the wild beasts Drag out life, and where'er from a peak I descry the colossal Cyclops, trembling I quake at the sound of their tread and their voices. Branches afford me a wretched subsistence, and berries and stony Fruit of the cornel, and herbs plucked up by the roots are my diet. " 650 Anxiously all things scanning, I early this fleet to the seashore Sighted approaching, and to it myself, whatever it might be, I have resigned : 'tis enough to escape this detestable nation. Take ye the rather this life, by whatever infliction it please you." Scarce had he spoken this, when we, afar on the top of the mountain, 655 See Polyphemus, the shepherd, himself, in the midst of his sheep-flock. Moving, in stature unwieldy, and seeking the notable sea-beach; Horrid the monster, misshapen, immense, and bereft of his eyesight; Trunk of a pine-tree pilotp his hand and steadies his footsteps; Fleece-clad sheep are attending him. These are his only attraction, 660 These the relief of his woe , [from his neck there is hanging a whistle.] After that he has the deep waves touched, and has come to the broad main. Then does he rinse out the trickling gore from the hole of his eye-ball. Gnashing his teeth with a groan ; and he now, right on through the mid-sea Strides, nor as yet has the billow e'en moistened his towering haunches. 665 BOOK III. 59 Thence at a distance we tremblingly hasten our flight, and the so well Meriting suppliant taking, we, silently cutting our cables, Sweep o'er the waters, and bend right forward in rivalrous rowing. Hears he, and quick to the sound of the voice, he directed his footsteps: But when no power was allowed to lay hold of a ship with his right hand, 670 He, unable to cope with Ionian billows in chasing. Lifts an unearthly yell, and the ocean and all of its surges Trembled together thereat, and throughout was Italia' s mainland Startled, and ^tna rebellowed anon in its caverned abysses. Forthwith the race of the Cyclops, aroused from the forests and hill-tops, 675 Hurry a-down to the harbor, and crowd to repletion the sea-beach. See we them standing in waiting, with eye unavailingly scowling; ^tnean brothers, extending their tall heads upward to heaven; Horrid assembly, precisely as oak-trees, often with tall tops Towering aloft in the air, or coniferous cypresses thickly 680 Stand, or the lofty forests of Jove, or the groves of Diana. Keen is the terror that headlong drives us to shake out the reef-bands Somehow, and stretch to the utmost our sails to the favoring breezes: But the injunctions of Helenus warn of Charybdis and Scylla — Either with little distinction between them a way of destruction — 685 ; Not to hold onward our course : 'tis decided to tack to the windward; But lo ! the north-wind, sent from the narrow abode of Pelorus, Comes to our aid. I am borne by Pantagia's mouths with their native Granite, by Megara's bay, and along by the low-lying Thapsus. Such were the shores, which backward along by the scenes of his roaming 690. Coasting, showed Achemenides, comrade of luckless Ulysses. Stretched out over against the Sicanian gulf lies an island Fronting the surfy Plemyrium, ancients Ortygia called it. Hither, as rumor reports it, Alpheiis, a river of Elis, Forced 'neath the sea its mysterious channels, but now it is mingled, 695 O Arethusa, from thine own mouth with Sicilian surges. We, as enjoined, the locality's mighty divinities worship; Then pass on by the too rich soil of the stagnant Helorus; Thence we the beetling cliffs and projecting rocks of Pachynus Graze, and the never by fates allowed to be drained Camarina 700 Looms into view, and far in the distance the Geloan moorlands — Gela itself the atrocious, so called from the name of its river. Toweringly Acragas, thence far away, displays its majestic Battlements, famous of old as the breeder of spirited horses. Thee, too, as winds are allowed us, I leave, O palmy Salinus, 705 60 THE .ENEID. Skirting the shoals Lilybean, bestrewn with invisible ledges; Hence, then, welcome me, Drepanum's harbor and saddening seaboard: Here I, alas ! who have been by so many a tempest of ocean Driven, my sire, my reliance in every care and disaster. Lose, Anchises ! Thou here didst, noblest father, desert me 710 Wearied, alas ! unavailingly snatched from such imminent dang-ers ! Nor did the prophet Helenus, though he forewarned me of many Horrors, predict me these sorrows, nor yet did the direful Celasno. This was my last task; this was the bound of my tedious journeys". Parting from thence hath a deity guided me here to your confines. 715 Thus did the father ^neas alone, while they all were attentive, Pass in rehearsal the fates of the gods, and relate his adventures : Ceased he at length, and, hereupon, ending his narrative, rested. BOOK IV. Love is a snare to the queen, and, by plotting of Juno and Venus, Issues at length in the tragical death of the beautiful Dido. Meanwhile the queen, for a long time smitten with harrowing heartache, Nurses the wound in her veins, and is racked with invisible wild-fire. Much to her soul does the hero's valor recur, and as much his Nation's honor : infixed in her bosom his words and his features Cling, and her heart-ache yields her no placid repose to her members. 5 Now was Aurora the following day, with the candle of Phoebus, Lighting the lands, and had chased from the zenith the dampening shadows. When she addresses, though ill at ease, her affectionate sister : " Anna, my sister, what sleeplessness holds in suspense and affrights me ! Who is this wonderful guest that has newly arrived at our homesteads ? ro Mark how superb in appearance ! how dauntless in spirit and armor ! Surely I guess— nor is guessing unfounded — his race is of heaven : Cowardice argues degenerate souls ! But, alas! by what strange fates Has he been tossed ; of what wars, as if drained to the dregs, he was singing ! If in my soul it had not been fixed, and immovably settled, 15 That I to no one again would ally me in conjugal fetters. After my first love, cheating by death, disappointingly foiled me ; Were I not utterly sick of the marital chamber and torch-lights, I might perhaps succumb to this single infirmity only. Anna, for I will confess since the fate of Sych^iis, my hapless 20 Spouse, and our home-gods stained by the murderous act of a brother? This one alone hath my feelings swayed, and my soul to inconstance Urged : in this thrill I acknowledge the trace of my early emotion : But I could wish that either the deep earth open before me, Or that the father omnipotent hurl me with bolt to the shadows — 35 61 62 THE iENEID. Shadows of Erebus dismal — and doom me to gloomiest midnight, Ere I, O chastity, violate thee, or annul thy enactments ! He who the first to himself hath wed me, hath borne my affections ; Hence, may he hold them with him, and still in the sepulchre keep them !" Thus did she speak, and with tears upwelling, she flooded her bosom. 30 Anna responds : " O dearer by far than the light to thy sister, Wilt thou thus fritter thy youth in perpetual, lonely repining. Knowing no longer the sweetness of children and pleasures of Venus? Thinkest thou ashes and sepulchred ghosts in the slightest regard this ? Be it, that no other suitors have hitherto moved thee a mourner, 35 Either of Libya, or prior at Tyrus, larbus discarded, Yea, and the various chieftains whom Africa, rich in her triumphs. Nurtures ; and wilt thou then fight the attachment that hath thme approval ? Does it not come to thy mind on whose meadows it is thou hast settled ? Here the Gstulian cities, a nation resistless in warfare ; 4° Here the unbridled Numidians gird thee and barbarous Syrtes ; There a domain made desert by drought, and the people of Barc6 Ranging at large : Why need I refer to the wars that from Tyrus Loom, and the threats of our kinsman ? — Sure, I believe that, through omens divine, and with Juno propitious, 45 Hither have held on their course by the winds these Ilian vessels. What shalt thou, sister, this city, and what these dominions arising. See by such marriage ! With Teucran arms in alliance of friendship, How shall the Punic glory be lifted by mighty achievements ? Do thou but favor entreat of the gods, and,acceptable service 50 Rendered, indulge in thy welcome, and weave him excuses for staying Long as the winter, or stormy Orion hath sway on the ocean ; Long as are shattered his ships, ^id the weather too squally to venture." Thus by her words she inflamed nerenkindled soyl with a yearning, Hope, too, infused in her hesitant mind and stifled her scruples. 55 First to the shrines they repair, and devoutly a truce at the altars Sue ; they the yearling ewes, selected according to custom, Offer to lawgiver Ceres, to Phoebus, and father Lygeiis ; Chiefly of all, though, to Juno, whose charge is the fetters of wedlock. Holding a "bowl in her right hand, beautiful Dido her own self 60 Pours it between the horns of a snow-white heifer, or slowly Paces before the eyes of the gods by the side of the well-filled Altars, and crowns with oblations the day, and inspecting the unveiled Breasts of the victims, consults for herself the yet quivering entrails. Ah ! how unthinking the minds of interpreters ! What can her votives, 65 BOOK IV. - 65 Revel the Cretans, and Dryopes, and gaudily daubed Agatharsi ; Steps he himself on the ridges of Cynthus, and mantles his flowing Locks with a delicate wreath, and in gold he adorning entwines it ; Clanks on his shoulders his armor ; no slower than he was ^neas Hieing, and such is the grace .that beams from his exquisite features. 15a After their reaching the lofty mountains and intricate game-haunts, Lo ! dislodged from the crest of the rock have adown from the ridges Scampered the wild-goats; deer, too, aloof in another direction, Bound in the chase away o'er the open plains, and their dusted Regiments huddle together in flight, and abandon the mountains. 155 But the youthful Ascanius frisks on his mettlesome charger Round in the vales, and outstrips now these and now those in his racing ; Ardent he longs to behold, mid the timorous cattle, a wild-boar Spuming emerge, or a tawny lion descend from the mountains. Meanwhile the heavens begin to be charged with an ominous rumble; 160 On comes, swiftly careermg, a storm-cloud mingled with hailstones : Everywhere Tyrian escorts, the Trojan youth and the Dardan Grandson of Venus, away through the fields have in trepidant panic Various refuges sought : from the mountains are rushing the torrents. Dido and chieftain of Troja betake themselves to the self-same 165 Cavern, and earth primeval, and Juno the guardian bridesmaid Issue the signal ; the lightnings have flashed, and the firmament witness Stood of the nuptials, and loud on the hill-tops lofty the nymphs shrieked. That was the pivotal day of her doom ; it stood as the primal Cause of her woes: for no longer is she by appearance, or rumor, 170 Moved; nor does Dido clandestinely longer indulge in the amour; y Marriage she terms it, and under that name she excuses the frailty. Forthwith rumor is hieing through Libya's populous cities — Rumor than whom no other pestiferous evil is flee'ier; She by mobility thrives, and increases her vigor by gadding; 175 Small through fear at the first, but anon she upreaches to heaven, Stalks on the ground, and away in the clouds she buries her forehead. Earth, as they tell us, her mother, enraged at the deities' vengeance. Bore her, the youngest of Coeiis' and giant Enceladus' sisters; Nimbly elastic on foot, and as swift on her sedulous pinions: 180 Horrible monster, immense, and beneath each plume of her body Lurk just so many vigilant eyes — astounding to utter ! Tattle just so many tongues, and mouths, and so many ears hear. Flits she by night in the midst 'twixt heaven and earth through the darkness Buzzing, nor closes she ever her eyes in delectable slumber: 185 66 THE ^NEID. Sits she a spy in the daylight, either aloft on the house-tops, Or on the uppermost turrets, and fills with dismay the inhabited cities; Messenger she as intent on the false and the vile as the tiuthful. Such was the hag then glutting the nations with manifold gossip Gladly, and chanting with prurience equal the facts and falsehoods ! 190 How that ^neas has come, from the blood of a Trojan descended; How that the beautiful Dido has deigned to receive him as husband; How they were spending the live-long winter in mutual dalliance, Heedless the while of their realms, and enslaved by a groveling passion. Such are the stories the foul fiend everywhere scatters in men's mouths. 195 Straightway she bends her course to the Libyan monarch larbus. Kindles his soul with reports, and intensifies grudges within him. He, by a raped Garamantian nymph, an offspring of Ammon, Planted for Jove in his ample dominions a hundred imposing Fanes and a hundred altars, and watch-fire on them had hallowed, 200 Deities' wardens eternal, and rich was their soil with the victims' Gore, and their. threshold blooming with ever diversified garlands. Maddened in soul, and inflamed by the bitter report he is said there Humbly, in front of the altars, and mid the deities' presence. Many a prayer to have offered with hands unto Jupiter outspread: 205 " O thou omnipotent Jove, unto whom the Maurusian nation. Feasting on couches embroidered, outpours a Lensean libation. Dost thou behold this ? O father do we, when thou thunderbolts hurlest, Bootlessly stand in awe, and at random in clouds do the lightnings Terrify souls, and immingle unmeaning their muttering thunders ? 210 Lo ! now a woman, who, roving about in our bounds, hath a meagre City established by purchase, to whom we for tillage a seacoast Gave, and upon her conferred jurisdiction of state, hath our nuptials Spurned, and hath taken ^neas as paramour lord in her kingdom; Yes, and that Paris e'en now, with effeminate retinue round him, 215 Swathing his chin and his well-oiled locks with Moeonian bonnet. Gloats o'er his plunder: while we, forsooth, to thy temples devoutly Bring our oblations, and cherish a meaningless fame for devotion ! " Praying in strains like these, and as suppliant holding the altars, Jove the omnipotent heard him, and turned his eyes to the ramparts 220 Royal, and towards the lovers of nobler distinction forgetful. Then thus to Mercury speaks he, and thus he expresses his mandate: " Come now, my son, go summon the zephyrs and glide on thy pinions Down to Dardania's chieftain, who now in the Tyrian Carthage Loiters, and looks no longer for cities by destiny given, 221; BOOK IV. 67 Speak him, and down through the volatile breezes convey him my message: Not such a person as he unto us did his beautiful mother r Promise, and rescues accordingly twice from the armor of Grecians ; But one who should Italia, teeming with states and with warfare Echoing, rule, and a race from the blood exalted of Teucer 230 Usher to power, and the whole world bring to submit to his statutes. But if the glory of prospects so brilliant enkindle no ardor ; If he, moreover, attempt not the labor himself for his own praise. Does he as sire to Ascanius envy the castles of Roma ? What does he mean ? or with what hope stay in an enemy's nation ? 235 Does he regard not Ausonia's line nor Lavinia's meadows ? Let him set sail; the substance is this ; let this be our message." Spake he ; and he too made haste to obey his invincible father's Mandate ; and first to his feet he laces his piniony, golden Sandals, which waft him sublime by their wings, or over the outspread 24c Waters, pt--over the land, as swift as a rapid tornado ; Then he assufties his wand, wherewith he upsummons the pallid Spirits from Orcus, and sends down to dismal Tartarus others ; Slumber bestows and withhold, and unseals eyes closed in a death-sleep Trusting to this he careers on the winds, or he crosses the turbid 245 Cloud ; and now he in fiying discovers the crest and the broad-ribbed Sides of endurable Atlas, who steadies the sky on his summit — Atlas, whose pine-crowned head, unremittingly compassed by murky Mists, is incessantly lashed by the gales and the battering rain-storms: Drifted snow is enshrouding his shoulders, and streams from the old man's 250 Chin plunge down, and his horrible beard with an icicle stiffens. Here first Cyllenius, poising himself on his balancing pinions. Lighted ; thence straight to the waves with the whole of his body he headlong Swooped like a bird, which around o'er the shores and around o'er the sea-cliffs, Haunted by fish, flies lowly along o'er the face of the waters ; 255 Just so also along 'twixt earth and heaven was flying Over the sand-paved shore, and cleaving the Libyan breezes, Coming adown from his grandsire maternal, the child of Cyllend. Soon as on piniony soles he has reached the removable hovels, Lo ! he ^neas there founding new castles, and rearing new mansions 260 Sighted at once: but the sword that he wore was by yellowest jasper Starred, and with Tyrian purple was blazing the cassock that loosely Hung from his shoulders, a present which opulent Dido had deftly Wrought, and the warp, in the woof, had inwoven with delicate gold thread. Straight he assails him : " Art thou now laying foundations of stately 265 68 THE ^NEID. Carthage, and dotingly fond of a woman, a beautiful city Building ? Alas ! how forgetful thou art of thy kingdom and fortunes ! Down from the shining Olympus the ruler of deities sends me — He who whirls by his sovereign behest both the earth and the heaven — He commands me to bear these mandates down through the volatile aether : 270 What dost thou mean ? or with what hope leasure on Libya's lowlands Spendest ? If glory of prospects so brilliant enkindles no ardor. If thou, moreover, attempt not the labor thyself for thine own praise, YeTfoF Ascanius rismg, and hopes of lulus thine own heir Cherish regard ; for to him the domain of Italia and Roman 275 Glebe are entailed." Cyllenius thus much having addressed him. Left, in the midst of his speech, the immediate vision of mortals, And he away out of sight into thin air suddenly vanished. But, of a truth astounded and dazed at the sight was vEneas ; Stiffened with horror his hair, and his voice in its utterance stifled. 280 Burns he to start on his flight, and to quit the delectable guest-lands. Awed by the deities' marvelous warning and positive mandate : Ah ! but, what can he do ? or with what tact venture to compass Now the infuriate queen ? or how shall he open a parlance ! Yet, he dispatches his hurrying soul now hither, now thither, 285 Spurs it in divers directions and testingly turns it on all things. This as he wavers alternately seemed as the wiser decision: Summons he Mnestheus, Sergestus, and valiant Cloanthus, and bids them Secretly fit out the fleet, and on shore to assemble their comrades. Furnish them armor, and carefully mask the cause of the new-formed 290 Plans, and himself will the meanwhile, since the most excellent Dido Knows not, and will not suspect that attachments so strong can be broken, Try the approaches, and what the most suitable moments for speaking. What the appropriate means for the purpose consider. At once all Gladly obey the command, and proceed to accomplish -their orders. 295 But the queen has the ruses — for who can bamboozle a lover ? — Early surmised, and the moves of the future divined at the outset. Fearing the all-things-safe. To her lorn has the impious self-same Rumor detailed that the fleet was equipped, and prepared for a voyage. Reft of her reason, she rages and fuming all over the city, 300 Raves as a Thyad, aroused by the stir of the mysteries started ; When, as the shouting to Bacchus is heard, the triennial orgies Thrill, and Cithaeron nocturnally calls her to join in the revel. So, in these words at length, she addresses ^neas abruptly : " Didst thou imagine it possible, traitor, to mask such a flagrant 305 BOOK IV. 6g Wrong by dissembling, and so to depart from my province in secret ? ' Cannot our love, nor our right hand plighted so lately, nor Dido, Ready to lay down her life by the crudest exit, detain thee? -> Nay, thou art e'en in the solstice of winter equipping thy squadron. Hasting to launch it abroad on the deep, in the midst of the north-winds, 310 Cruelly. Why ? If thou wert not to alien meadows and homesteads, Unknown bound; if the primitive city of Troja were standing. Tell me would Troja be sought by thy fleets on a billowy ocean ? Me dost thou flee ? By these tears, and thine own right hand I implore thee — Since there is naught else now but tears in my wretchedness left me — 315 By our connubial troth, by our pledges mitial of marriage. If I have rherited aught of thee well, or to thee there has aught been Pleasant of mine, O pity this tottering_hqiiie,--ii-theTeyerl3g~ Room for entreaty at all, I beseech thee give up the intention. For thy sake have the Libyan tribes and Numidians' tyrants 320 Hated me: Tyrians, too, were offended; because of thy coming Conscience was quenched, and, by what I alone to the stars was attaining. Previous fame. For what dost thou leave me to perish, my late guest ? Since of what was a husband thir name now alone is remaining. Why do I wait ? l^ill my brother Pygmalion level my ramparts ? 325 Or the Gsetulian Chieftain larbus shall lead me a captive ? If there had only been granted me, ere thy departure, an offspring Fathered by thee ! If some little ^neas were here in my courtyard Playing, who might still bring thee endearingly 'back by his features. Then I should not, it is true, seem wholly betrayed or deserted." 330 So had she spoken: his eyes he, by Jupiter's warnings, was holding Moveless, and deep in his bosom with effort repressing his troubles. Briefly at length he responds: "That thou, O Queen, art deserving More than thou canst by expression compute, I never will gainsay. Nor shall I ever indeed be ashamed to remember Elissa, 335 While I remember myself, or my spirit is ruling my members. Briefly I speak to the point: I have never expected to slyly Hide this escape — imagine it not — I have never a husband's Marital torch-lights waved, nor have ever come into these compacts. Had the fates but allowed me to spend my life 'neath my chosen 340 Auspices, and of my own free will to dispose of my troubles. First I would fain have cherished the city of Troja and reliques Dear of my kin, and had still stood Priam's imperial mansions; I, by my hand would restored have a Pergamus reared for the vanquished. But to the mighty Italia now has Grynaean Apollo, 345 "JO THE ^NEID. C>« to Italia Lycian lots have enjoined me to hasten ; T14; is my longing; that is my country; if castles of Carthage, Thee-". Phoenician detain, and the sight of the Libyan city, Why is there, prithee, that Teucrans settle Ausonia's mainland Envy ? It surely is right that we seek for exterior kingdoms. 350 Father Anchises, as oft as the night with its dampening shadows Mantles the earth, and as oft as the igneous stars are arising, Warns me in dreams, and his anxiously troubled spectre affrights me; Warns me my boy Ascanius,too, and the wrong to his dear head. Whom I defraud of Hesperia's realm and his fated possessions. 355 Now, too, the deities' herald, commissioned by Jupiter's own self — Swear I by both of our heads — hath, down on the volatile breezes, Brought me his mandates: the deity saw I myself in the clear light Enter the walls, and I drank with these ears in the voice of his message. Cease then both me and thyself to inflame by thy querulous charges: 360 Not self-willed do I fellow Italia: — Thus as he speaks for awhile she scornfully gazes upon him, Rolling her eyes round hither and thither, and over his whole form Roaming with taciturn glances, and thus she impassioned berates him: " Traitor, thy parent was never a goddess, nor Dardanus ever 365 Sire of thy race; but Caucasus, bristling with ruggedest rock-cliffs. Gat, and Hyrcanian tigresses, crouching their udders, have nursed thee. Why do I need to disguise, or reserve me for crueller insults ? Heaved he a sigh at our weeping, or turned he his eyes to regard me ? Has he relentingly yielded to tears, or pitied me loving? 370 What, and to whom, shall I offer? No more does imperial Juno, Nor her Saturnian father, these doings impartially notice: Faith is reposable nowhere. Stranded in need on my seaboard, I, in my folly, received him, and gave him a share in my kingdom : I have his wrecked fleet saved, and from death I have rescued his comrades: 375 O I am carried ablaze by the furies ! Now augur Apollo Warns, now Lycian lots, now, commissioned by Jupiter's own self. Herald of gods bears horrible mandates down on the breezes ! Doubtless this labor becomes the supernals ! These troubles their quiet Ruffles ! I neither detain thee, nor deign a reply to thy speeches. 380 Go, and Italia wind-wafted follow: thy kingdom o'er billows Seek; but I hope, if vindictive divinities aught can accomplish, Thou shalt thy punishment drain on the crags, and often on Dido's Name thou shalt call, and I absent with luridest flames will pursue thee. Even when ice-cold death shall have parted my soul from my members, 385 BOOK IV. 71 Yet as a ghost I will everywhere haunt thee, and, wretch, thou shalt suffer Doom ! I shall hear it ; the story shall reach me in regions infernal !" Short with these words she her speech breaks off in the midst, and the free air Faintingly flees ; and, withdrawing herself from his eyes and departmg, Leaves him impeded by many a fear, and with many an. answer 390 Waiting. Her female attendants support, and her paralyzed members Bear to her chamber of marble, and lay her to rest on the couches. But the pious ^neas, though longing to lighten, by kindly Soothing, her grief, and by words to dispel her oppressive forebodings, Frequently sighing, and staggered in soul by a mighty affection, 395 Follows no less the commands of the gods, and revisits his squadron. Then of a truth do the Teucrans lay to, and down from the whole beach Haul out the towering vessels : afloat are the unctuous bottoms ; Leafy they bring from the forest their oars, and unshapen the oaken Spars in their eager haste for departure : — 400 Thou canst discern them migrating and rushing from all of the city. Just like industrious ants, as they, making provision for winter, Pillage a sizeable grain-heap, and store it away in their dwelling : Sally the swarthy squads on the plains, and the spoils through the herbage Cart in a narrow trail ; while a portion the cumbersome kernels 405 Push with their shoulders against them, a portion are urging the columns, Part are chastising the laggards, the whole track glows with the service. ' What were thy feelings then, Dido, in gazing on such a commotion ? What were the sighs thou wast heaving, as thou, from the heights of the castle, Widely observedst the sea-beach glowing, and sawest the whole main 410 Mingled before thine eyes with sufch unaccountable clamors ? Infamous love ! to what dost thou urge not the bosoms of mortals ? Oft is she forced to resort to tears, and again by entreaty Try to regain him, and humbly surrender her pride to affection. Lest she should anything leave unattempted and needlessly perish.- 415 "Anna, thou seest the stir all over the beach : they from all sides Round have convened, and already their canvas is wooing the breezes; Yea, and the sailors elated have garlands arranged on the stern-posts. If I have able been to expect so excessive a sorrow, I shall be able, my sister, to bear it ; yet do me unhappy, 420 Only this favor, Anna ; for thee alone does that traitor Chei:ish, and thee he entrusts with even his secret emotions. Only thou knowest the man's most tender approaches and moments. Go thou, my sister, and humbly bespeak the imperious foeman ; Tell him I did not conspire with the Danai at Aulis the Trojan 425 72 THE ^NEID. Nation to crush, nor did I to Pergamus send out a squadron, Nor have I troubled the ashes and ghost of his father, Anchises ; Why does he grudge to allow my appeals to enter his deaf ears ? Where does he rush ? Let him grant to a lover this final concession ; Let him await but an easy escape and the carrying breezes. 430 Plead I no longer our early espousals in which he betrayed me ; Nor that he beautiful Latium lose and relinquish his kingdoms : Crave I but trivial time, and a respite, and space for my frenzy, Till my calapnity teach me as vanquished to smother my sorrow. Only this final indulgence I ask — O pity thy sister ; — 435 Grant me but this, and at death I amply in turn will repay thee." Such were her prayers, and such the laments that her sorrowful sister Carries and carries again : But he is by no lamentations Moved, nor deigns he to listen complacent to any addresses. Fates are opposed, and a god shuts sympathy's ear in the hero ; 440 Just as when Alpine gales are contending the one with the other, Blowing now hither, now thither, alternate to root up an oak-tree, Strong in its veteran vigor : there issues a roar, and its lofty Leaves, by the violent jar of its trunk, bestrewing the woodland; Firm it adheres to the rocks, and with summit as high as it skyward 445 Mounts, so deep by its roots it downward to Tartarus reaches: So is the hero, on this side and that by her, ceaseless entreaties. Buffeted, while in his great heart keenly he feels her distresses; Moveless his purpose remains; her tears roll down unavailing. Then, of a truth, distracted by fates, does disconsolate Dido 450 Pray for death; it disgusts her to gaze on the concave of heaven. That she may better accomplish her scheme and abandon the daylight, Sees she, when there she was placing her gifts on the altars of incense. Horrid to utter ! the hallowed libations assuming a blackness; Sees, too, the outpoured wines converted to hideous blood-clots; 455 But she mentions to no one the vision, not e'en to her sister Furthermore there stood built in her mansions a temple of marble, Shrined to her primitive spouse, which she cherished with wonderful honor. Tufted with snow-white fillets of wool and a festival garland. Out of this voices seemed to be heard, and the tones of her husband, 460 Calling, when shadowy night was the earth in its regency holding. Lone on the house-tops also the owJ in funereal cadence Often would hoot, and its long-drawn tones would prolong as in wailing. Further the many predictions alike of the earlier prophets Fright her with terrible warning: in dreams does .(Eneas himself, too, 465 BOOK IV, 'Jl Savagely drive her to frenzy. She seems as if always abandoned, Lone by herself, and always unrednued going a dreary Journey, and seeking her Tyrians far in some desolate region: Just as Pantheus sees in his madness the hosts of the furies Round, and a two-fold sun, and Thebes as if double, arising: 470 Or Agamemnon's offspring Orestes, when driven m stage-scenes, Flies from his mother pursuing him, armed with her torches, and frightful Serpents, while vengeful demons as sentinels sit on the threshold. Therefore when she, overcome by her grief, has admitted the furies. And has determined to die, she works out the time and the method 475 All by herself; and accosting in parlance her sorrowful sister, Masks her design in her visage, and lights up a hope on her forehead: " I have discovered, my sister, the way — rejoice with thy sister — Which may restore him to me, or release me from him as a lover. Just on the bound of the ocean, and just on the verge of the sunset, 480 Lies Ethiopia's farthest limit, where mightiest Atlas . Poises the poles on his shoulders bestudded with radiant planets: There has been shown me a priestess from thence, of Massylian nation. Guard of Hesperides' temple, and who was its feasts to the dragon Wont to provide, and who guarded the sacred boughs of the gold-tree, 485 Sprinkling the viands with liquid honey and soporous poppy. She, by her incantations professes to free from enthrallment Minds as she wills, and inflicts unendurable troubles on others; Stagnate the waters in rivers, and turn back stars in their courses, Conjure the ghosts of the dead in the night-time. Thou wilt the earth see 490 Rumble beneath thy feet, and descend from the mountain the ash-trees. Call I, dear sister, to witness the gods and thee, and thine own sweet Head, that I gird me reluctantly thus with appliance of magic. Do thou in secret erect me a pyre 'neath the sky in the inner Court of our mansion, and on it the arras of the man, which the villain 495 Left in his chamber suspended, and all that he wore, and the nuptial Couch, whereon I was ruined, heap; for I want to abolish All the detestable fellow's mementoes: the priestess directs it." Having said these she is still: at once pallidness mantles her features. Anna, however, suspects not, that under these singular rite's her 500 Sister a funeral screens, nor does she conceive of such frenzies Dire m her mind, nor fear aught worse than the death of Sych«us; Hence she obeys the injunctions: — [yard, Meanwhile the queen, when the pyre has been reared in the innermost court- Open to sky-light, and bulky with pine-knots and faggots of holly, 505 74 THE ^NEID. Festoons with garlands the spot, and with sombre funereal leafage Crowns it. Above, on the couch, she arranges the relics, his broadsword Left, and his effigy, not unaware of the tragical future. Altars around it stand, and the priestess, with tresses dishevelled, Loudly her three hundred deities thunders, and Erebus, Orcus, 510 Twin-born Hecat6 calls, and the three faced virgin Diana. Liquors she duly had sprinkled as if from the fount of Avernus ; Sought are the herbs, that were mown with brazen sickles by moonlight. Covered with down, and filled with the milk of a virulent poison ; Sought no less is a love-charm, torn from the brow of a new-foaled 515 Colt ere its mother had seized it: — Dido herself, with the meal in her pious hands by the altars, Having divested one foot of its ties, and in raiment ungirded. Summons, determined on death, as her witnesses, gods and the planets. Conscious of fate; then prays the divinity righteous and mindful, 520 If such there be that hath charge of those lovers unequally mated. / Night was abroad, and toil worn bodies were taking a peaceful Sleep through the lands, and have quieted down the forests and raging Waters; when planets are round in the midst of their orbit revolving; When every field is still, and the flocks and the gorgeous wild-fowls — 525 Those that at large on the watery lakes, and those that on uplands Shaggy with brambles reside — were at roost in the silence of midnight, Soothing with slumber their cares, while their hearts are forgetting their troubles. But not so the Phoenician unhappy in soul, she is never ~~ Sunken in slumbers, and ne'er to her eyes or her bosom the night-time 530 Welcomes: her cares but redouble, and love in recurrency rising Rages, and restless she heaves with a mighty tide of resentments. So then she sets in, and thus with her heart in soliloquy muses: ^ What am I doing ? Again shall I try, though derided, my former Suitors, and humbly as suppliant seek of Numidians marriage, 535 Though I so often already have deemed them unworthy as husbands ? Shall I, then, Ilian fleets, and the absolute bidding of Teucrans, Follow, because they are glad of relief by ray succor aforetime. And that gratitude stays with them well remembering the old boon ? Grant I am willing, but who will permit or receive me detested 540 Into their arrogant barks ? Ah ! lost one knowest thou not, nor Yet perceivest the perjury base of Laomedon's nation? What then ! shall I alone betake me in flight to the shouting Tars, or with Tyrians, yea by the whole band thronged of my subjects Charge them ? And those whom I all but tore from the city of Sidon 545 BOOK IV. 75 Lead again seaward, ana bid them unfurl their sails to the breezes . Die, as thou meritest rather, and end thy distress with the poniard. Thou, overcome by my tears, my sister, yes, thou from the outset Loadest me dazed with these woes, and thrustest me on to the foeman. Luck was not mine to frit away life unconsorted in wedlock 55° Guileless, in style of a brute, and tiot touch such unmerciful troubles ! Faith was not kept which I solemnly pledged to the dust of Sychseiis ! " Such were the plaints she was venting convulsively out of her bosom. Certain of going, ^neas was now aloft on the poop-deck Taking a nap, his arrangements being now duly completed; 555 When lo ! the deity's form, returning the same in his visage. Met him in dreams, and again, as before, he appeared to forewarn him. Mercury-like in every respect, in his voice and complexioji. Like him in auburn locks and the graceful members of manhood: " Goddess-born, in this exigence canst thou continue thy slumbers ? 560 Seest thou i?ot what p&rils will presently circle around thee ? Lunatic, hearest thou not that the zephyrs are breathing propitious ? ' ' ' ' She is devising a plot, and a terrible crime in her bosom. Purposing death, and she heaves with a various tide of resentments. Dost thou not flee hence headlong, whilst there is power to hasten? 565; Sben thou wilt see the entire sea surge with her crafts, and her ruthless Firebrands flash, and the shores soon all in a blaze with the burnings, If but Aurora o'ertake thee loitering s);ill in these regions ! Stir thee and break this delay, for a fickle and changeable creature . ,^ Ever-is. woman ! " Whep thus he had spoken, he vanished in midnight. , 57°- Then does ^neas in soeth, by the sudden spectres affrighted, j Startle his body from slumber, and hastily rally his comrades : " Instantly wake up, men, and take to your seats on the benches; Speedily shake out the sajls ! for a dejty sent from the lofty .^therjagain to hasten d&parture and sever the twisted 575 Hawsers, incites we. We follow thee, O thou of deities holy, Whosoever thou art: we once more gladly pbey thine injunctions; Only be present and graciously aid, and the planets in heavens Render-auspicious !" He Spake, and forth from its scabbard his flashing Falchion draws, and with keen steel severs the cables asunder : 580 Like zeal seizes them all, and they also are drawing and rushingj , They have deserted the shores: down under the squadrons the main lurks: Tugging they spurt ufp the spray, and sweep. th^ eer-ulean waters. And now early Aurora with radiance fresh was the headlands Strewing prefusely m quitting the saffron couch of Tithonus. 585 76 THE ^NEID. Tli&n, as the queen, from her look-out, dawning the earliest daylight * 1 Sees, and the fleet with its sails on an equipoise even^^gceeding ; Sees, too, the shores and the harbors deser|edand void of a rower. Thrice with her ha^^jjfga four times,, s«H-ti-ng Her beauteous bosom, Tearing her auburn Tresses the {vJhHe :^ " O Jupiter, quoth- sh^j*"*-"-;^> 590 Shall this adventurer go, and impunely have mocked our domfniosfs ? Will they not armor adjust, and from all the city pursue him ? Will not some from the dockyards launch me the shipping? Avaunt ye ; Quick bring fire-brands, furnish the weapons, and urge on the rowers. What am I saying ? Or where am I ? What madness disorders my reason ? 595 Luckless Dido ! O now do thine impious practices touch thee ! Then were it fitting when yielding thy sceptre ! His hand and his honor See, who they tell me is carrying with him his national home-gods, His, who upbore on his shoulders his parent decrepit with old age ! Had I not power to seize and dismember his body and strew it 600 Over the billows ? No power to remove with the sabre his comrades ? None to serve up Ascanius' self as a feast on his father's Table? But doubtful had been the event of the battle — it would so — Whom have I dying to fear ? In his camps I could torches have scattered. Aye, could have filled all his hatches with flames and the son and the father 605 Quenched with the race, and, moreover, have given myself as a victim. Sun, who with flames all works of the lands in thy circuit illumest ; Thou, too, O Juno, who art the diviner and witness of all these Troubles, and Hecate howled through the city by night in the cross-ways : You, ye avenging furies, ye gods of the dying Elissa, 610 Take ye these presents, and visit your merited wrath on the evils ; Here ye our prayer ! O, if it must be that this infamous fellow Land in a harbor and float on safe to the land of his longing, And, if Jupiter's fates so demand, and this end is inherent, Yet, may he, wasted by war and the arms of a resolute people, 615 Banished afar from his confines, and torn from embrace of liilus, Sue for assistance, and honorless burial see of his kindred ; May he, too, when to the terms of an unjust peace he shall yield him. Never enjoy his domains, nor the coveted light of a long life, 'But may he fall ere his day, and unburied lie out on the mid strand. 620 This is my prayer : I pour out this final appeal with my life-blood. Then, O ye Tyrians, follow his line and the whole of his future Race with aversion, and this as an offering down to my ashes Send ; with the nations let amity never exist, nor alliance ! Rise thou out of my moldering bones some future avenger, 625 BOOK IV. ']'] Who shall pursue with the torch and the steel the Dardanian settlers, Now and hereafter, whenever the might shall accrue for the issue; Shores unto shores, and surges to surges, and armor to armor. Counter I pray : may they fight with each other, themselves and descendants ! " Thus she exclaims, and was plying her mind in every direction, 630 Seeking how she may earliest dash out the odious daylight. Then she briefly addressed her to Barce, the nurse of Sychseiis — For the dark dust treasured her own in her primitive home-land: " Nurse, my darling, go quickly and bring me here Anna, my sister ; Tell her to hurry, and sprinkle her body with fluvial water ; 635 Let her fetch with her the sheep and the offerings shown by the priestess. So let her come, and with pious fillets envelope her temples. Rites to the Stygian Jove, which I duly beginning have started, I have a mind to complete, and a period put to my troubles. And the Dardanian miscreant's pyre to consign to a bonfire." 640 So she exclaims, and the nurse with old-womanish zeal was her footstep Speeding, but Dido, all trembling, and wild by her frightful achievements, Rolling her blood-shot eyes, and her quivering cheeks with discolored Blotches suffused, and deathly pale from the ominous death-scene. In through the inner doors of her mansion bursts, and in maddened 645 Frenzy ascends the imposing pyre, and unscabbards the Dardan's Sword, a bestowment entreated for no such tragical service. Here, though, after she round on the Ilian vestures and well-known Sofa has gazed, she, pausing a moment in tears and reflection. Threw herself down on the couch, and these farewell sentences uttered : 650 . " Precious mementoes, while fates and deity so were allowing. Welcome this soul, and release me from these unendurable troubles: I have lived, and have finished the course which fortune assigned me ; So now under the earth shall my phantom go down in its grandeur ; I have erected a glorious city, and gazed on its ramparts ; 655 Husband avenging, have pay from his foeman, my brother, exacted : Happy,, alas ! but too happy in life I had been, if but only Never Dardanian keels had unluckily touched on our sea-boards ! " Spake she, and pressing her face on the couch, " shall we die unrequited ? But we must die ! " She exclaims, " so, so bids he me go 'neath the shadows ! 660 Yes, let the Dardan, with pitiless eyes, this fire on the deep-sea Drink, and away with him, carry the omens of doom in our dying ! " So had she spoken ; but right in the midst of her words" her attendants Look up, and see her collapsed on the steel, and the sword with her gore-drops Dripping, her hand with it all bespattered ! A shriek through the lofty 665 78 THE .ENEID. Colonnades rings ; the report spread wild through the horrified city. Loudly with wailings, and meanings, and feminine howlings the mansions Echo ; the welkin resounds with the uncontrollable mournings ; Even as if all Carthage, or primitive Tyrus, with rampant Foemen inrushing, had fallen, and jlames unchecked in their fury, 670 Rolling at random o'er roofs of men and the deities' temples. Breathless her sister has heard it, and frightened in flustered Running, and marring her face with her. nails and her bosom with fist-blows. Rushes right on through their midst, by name on the dying she calls out : " Dearest sister, was this it ? Wast seeking by guile to entrap me ? 675 This what yon pyre, and this what the fires and the altars were boding ? What shall I desolate chide thee for first? And didst thou, in dying. Spurn then thy sister's attendance ? Thou shouldst have me to the same fate Called, and by steel had the same pang and same hour have carried us both off. Did I with these hands build it, and call with my voice on my country's 680 Gods, that when thou thus laid I should be cruelly absent? Thou hast, my sister, extinguished both thee and me and thy people. Fathers of Sidon, and thine own city : O let me with water Bathe the wounds, and if aught still hovers of lingering life-breath. Let me it catch on my lips." She had spoken and mounted the lofty 685 Steps, and was clasping her half-dead sister in loving embraces. Heaving a moan, and striving to stanch with her vesture the black gore. Dido attempted to lift up her drooping eyes, but again sags Back ; the inflicted wound but gurgles deep down in her bosom. Thrice she uplifting, and, leaning, supported herself on her elbow : 690 Thrice rolled back on the couch, and sought with her wandering eye-balls Light from the lofty heaven, and loudly groaned as she found it. Then the omnipotent Juno her long-borne sorrow and painful Exit in sympathy pitying. Ins adown from Olympus Sends to release her struggling soul from the joints that entwine it, 695 Since it was neither by fate nor a merited death she was dying. But in despair ere her day, and inflamed by a sudden distraction, Proserpine had not yet taken away from her forehead the flaxen Lock, and relentlessly doomed her spirit to Stygian Orcus : Hence on her saffron pinions the dew-clad Iris from heaven, 70c. Trailing a thousand diversified hues from the opposite sunbeams, Flitted, and stood overhead : " By commandment this sacred Token I carry to Pluto, and out of that body release thee." So she exclaims, and with right hand severs the lock ; in an instant Glided the glow, and its life on the winds hath forever departed. 705 BOOK V. Sailing from Carthage, tineas, on arriving at Drepanum's harbor, Holds anniversary games at the tomb of Ms father, Anchises. Meanwhile now with his squadron ^neas was holding his mid-way, Firm in his purpose, and, cleaving the billows made black by the north-wind, Back on the battlements gazing, which now with unhappy Elissa's Flames are refulgently gleaming ; yet what was the cause that had kindled Fires so immense was unknown : but the agonized throes when a mighty 5 Love is debased, and the knowledge of what an infuriate woman Can do, induce a foreboding of gloom in the breasts of the Teucrans. Soon as his barks have the broad deep reached, and the land is no longer Anywhere looming, but everywhere seas and everywhere heaven, Over his head there impended a darkly cerulean rain-cloud, 10 Bringing on night and a storm, and the wave has grown rough in the darkness. Shouts Palinurus the pilot himself, from aloft on the poop-deck ; Lackaday ! Wherefore have clouds so portentous enshrouded the welkin ? What, father Neptune, hast thou in tow." Then having thus spoken, Bids he them shorten the sails, and to lay right down to the stout oars : 15 Sets he the mainsail oblique to the wind, and thus he discourses: "Noble ^neas, not even if Jove should himself, as the sponsor, Promise it, could I Italia hope to attain in this weather. Shifted athwart us are raging, and out of an ebony sunset Rising in mass are the winds, and the air is condensed into vapor. 20 We are not even sufficient to buffet, much less to make headway Merely ; since Fortune o'erpowers us, let us submissively follow : Let us our course veer whither she beckons. Not far are the seacoasts Trusty, fraternal of Eryx, I ween, and Sicanian harbors. If I in mind but correctly remeasure the stars as remembered." 25 79 8o THE ^NEID. Then said the pious ^neas : "And I, too, have noticed for sometime Winds so require, and observe thee abortively striving against them : Vary the course with the sails ; can there be to me any more grateful Land, or any to which I had rather repair with our storm-beat Ships than the land that possesses our ally, the Dardan Acestes, 30 And in its bosom encloses the bones of my father, Anchises?" When these words have been spoken they steer for the harbor, and welcome Zephyrs are stretching the sails, and the fleet is apace o'er the surges Borne, and at length they elated are moored to the notable sand beach. But from afar on a lofty peak of the mountain, Acestes 35 Wondered at seeing approaching the barks of his allies, and meets them Bristling with javelins, and clad in the hide of a Libyan she-bear. Him did his Trojan mother, conceived by the river Crimisus, Bear, and he, not unmindful indeed of his primitive parents. Greets us returning, and joyfully, out of his rural resources, 40 Welcomes us back, and consoles us aweary with friendly assistance. When on the morrow a bright clear day had with earliest sunrise Routed the stars, from the whole sea-beach does yEneas his comrades Summon in council, and thus from the bank of a mound he harangues them ; " Dardanus' mighty descendants, a race from the deities' high blood, 45 Months in their order accomplished the round of the year is completed. Since the day we consigned the remains and the bones of my sainted Parent to earth, and enshrined to his memory altars of mourning. Now, if I err not, the day is at hand, which I ever as grievous, Ever as honored will keep — Ah ! so have ye deities willed it ! 50 If I an exile were spending this day in Gastulian quicksands, Or if surprised in Argolican sea, or the city Mycenae, Still I my annual vows, and a solemn procession in order, There would observe, and his altars endow with appropriate presents : Now unawares we are here near the ashes and bones of my parents, 55 Not without purpose, I ween, not devoid of the deities' sanction, Present, and hitherward wafted we enter the harbor of allies. Come then, and let us all celebrate duly the joyous occasion ; Let us appease the winds, and so may he suffer me yearly, Founding a city, to tender these rites in his consecrate temples. 60 Two head of cattle apiece to the veftsels by number Acestes, Troja-begotten, presents you. Your home-gods bid, and your country's Gods, and the gods whom your host Acestes adores, to the banquets. Further, if haply the ninth Aurora shall usher a pleasant Day unto mortals, and fair shall uncover the world to the sunbeams, 65 BOOK V. 8X I will propose to the Teucrans contests, first of the swift-ships ; Whoso is nimble of foot in the race, who is sturdy in vigor. Or with the javelin manceuvers the best, or with feathery arrows ; Aye, or who ventures to enter a fight with the gauntlet of rawhide — /.'.i' be on hand, and expect the awards of the merited palm-wreath, 70 All keep solemnly silent, and circle your temples with chaplets." So having spoken he veils with his mother's myrtle his temples, Helymus likewise, and likewise Acestes maturing in old age. Youthful Ascanius, too, whom the rest of the juveniles follow. He from the council was going, escorted by numerous thousands, 75 On to the tomb in the midst of a mighty encompassing concourse. Thereat he duly libative a couple of goblets of new-wine Pours on the ground, and a couple of fresh milk, a couple of sacred Blood ; then scatters he violet blossoms, and thus he bespeaks him : " Hail, O deified parent once more, and hail ye his ashes 80 Rescued in vain, and hail ye spirits and shades of my father ! ' Twas not allowed me to search for Italia's confines and destined Meadows with thee, and, whatever it be, the Ausonian Thybris." Thus had he spoken, when out of the innermost shrine an enormous. Slippery serpent has trailed its septuple coils, and its seven-folds, 85 Calmly embracing the tomb, and gliding around o'er the altars ; Azure the streaks on its back, and bespangled a glitter was kindling Brightly its scales with gold ; as when on the clouds is a rainbow Flashing its thousands of changeable hues from the opposite sun-light : Stunned at the sight was .(Eneas. The serpent at length in a long train 90 Crawling around through the bowls of libation, and delicate wine-cups. Daintily tasted the viands, and back it innocuous into the inmost Tomb has retreated, and quitted the altars whereon it had feasted. At this, more he renews to his sire the inaugural honors. Dubious whether to count it the sprite of the place, or his parent's 95 Guardian spirit : a couple of yearling ewes he of custom Slays, and as many of sows, and as many of bullocks with jet-black Backs, and was pouring the wine from the bowls, and the mighty Anchises' Spirit invoking — his shades remitted from Acheron's purlieus. Likewise his comrades, each, as his means would allow him, elated 100 Offer their presents, and load down the altars, and sacrifice bullocks : Others are placing the caldrons in order, and, strown on the green sod, Thrusting the coals 'neath the spits, and roasting the flesh of the victims. Come was the day expected, and Phaethon's steeds in serenest Light were already the ninth Aurora inushering on them : voj 82 THE ^NEID. Famous Aceste's renown and name had the neighboring peoples Largely attracted : they crowd on the shore in hilarious concourse, Some to behold the ^neans, and others prepared for the contests. First the awards to the eyes of them all are displayed in the central Space of the circus, the sacred tripods, the chaplets of green leaves, iic Branches of palm as a prize to the victors, the armor, the vestments Dyed with Tyrian purple, and talent of gold and of silver: Then, from the central stand, a trumpet announces the games set. First with their ponderous oars, as competitors, enter the contest Four of the finest keels selected from all of the squadron. 115 Mnestheus with spirited crew commands the velocitous Pristis, Later Italian Mnestheus, from whom is the Memmian peerage; Gyas commands the Chimera enormous, in bigness enormous. Huge as a city, which Dardan youth on a triplet of benches Row, and their oars uprise in rowing in triplicate order: 120 Next is Sergestus, from whom has the Sergian family title, Borne in his lumbering Centaur : and next, in cerulean Scylla, Follows Cloanthus, from whom is thy peerage, O Roman Cluentus. Out in the sea at a distance a rock stands fronting the seashores Foaming, and which is at times submerged and lashed by the swollen 125 Surf, when the bleak north-westers of winter are shrouding the planets ; Still when the weather is calm, and uplooms as a plain in the heaveless Billow, a spot to the basking cormorants specially welcome. Here did the father .^neas a green-leafed goal of a holm-oak Branch set up, as a sign to the sailors, to know in the race-course 130 Whence to return, and about which to double away on the home-stretch. Then they select their positions by lot : on the sterns are the captains Gleaming afar in their badges of gold and in Tyrian purple: Crowned with a poplar wreath are the rest of the youthful contestants; Naked their shoulders, and smeared with oil in profusion they glisten. 135 Seat they themselves on the thwarts, and, with arms extended for rowing, Eagerly wait for the signal to start, and a throbbing excitement Thrills their exhilarant hearts, and a yearning intense for the prizes. Then, when the clear-toned trumpet has given the peal for the starting, Haltless they all have leapt forth from their limits: the nautical shouting 140 Startles the welkin ; the bay, upturned by the stroke of their strained arms, Foams, as they side by side cleave open their furrows: the whole main Yawns, convulsed by the oars and the beaks of protuberant tridents : Not so, precipitous even in matched-span races have chariots Grappled the plain, and are rushing away when released from the limits; 145 BOOK V. 83 Not so the charioteers their wavy reins o'er the on urged Teams have fluttered, and forward incline in applying their lash-whips. Then, with the clapping and cheering and zest of the favoring backers. Rings each grove, and the land-locked shores the reverberant echo Roll, and the resonant hillocks resound with the boisterous clamor. 150 Speeding in front of the others, and gliding away on the first wave, 'Mid the bustle and cheering is Gyas ; then next him Cloanthus Follows superior manned, but his pine-hulk, tardy by dead weight. Lags in her speed. Behind these the Pristis and Centaur, in equal Distance, are struggling each to attain the position ahead of the others: 155 Now has the Pristis the lead, and now the huge Centaur her rival Passes; and now they are both borne onward abreast with their prow- fronts Tied, and with long keel plowing the briny shallows together, Now they were nearing the rock and were just approaching the goal-point, When in the van and a victor, yet right in the midst of a whirlpool, 160 Gyas upbraidingly loudly addresses his helmsman Menostes : " Whither away so far to the starboard ? Hither direct her ; Cling to the shore, let the oar-hlades graze the crags to the larboard ; Others may keep to the deep." He spake ; but suspicious of hidden Ledges Menoetes rounds off the prow to the waves of the deep-sea. 165 " Whither away again? Steer straight for the ledges Menoetes," Gyas with shout was recalling, and lo ! he discovers Cloanthus Pressing on close in his rear, and taking the innermost passage, Right in between the galley of Gyas, and th' echoing rock-reefs. Shears he his way inside to the larboard, and shoots of a sudden 170 By him as leader, and, leaving the goal, is attaining the safe sea. Then of a truth did a great grief glow in the bones of the young man, Nor did his cheeks lack tears, and he, pitching the sluggish MencEtes, Utterly reckless alike of his rank and associate's safety, Off of the lofty stern-deck headlong into the ocean, 175 Seizes himself the helm as the steersman, and himself as the pilot Rallies his men, and wrenches the tiller impatiently shoreward. Meanwhile scarcely at length from the nethermost bottom Menoetes Rose, and now clumsy, and old, and dripping in saturate garments. Steered for the top of the cliff, and seated himself on the dry rock. 180 Teucrans derisively laughed at him falling, and laughed at him swimming — Laugh at him too as he vomits the salt waves out of his bosom. Hereupon hope was enkindled elate in the two who were hindmost. Even Sergestus and Mnestheus to pass by the dallying Gyas. Foremost Sergestus seizes the place, and is nearing the sharp crag, 185 84 THE yENEID. Yet he is not by a whole keel's length outstretching the leader, Leading in part, and in part by her beak does his rival the Pristis Lap him, but Mnestheus, pacing his ship in the midst of his comrades, Rallies them cheerily saying: " Now then, arise to your rowing. Comrades of Hector, whom I, in the final disaster of Troja, 19a Chose as attendants, put ye now forth those redoubtable efforts; Now for those spirits which once ye employed in Gaetulian quicksands. In the Ionian sea, and the hounding waves of Malea: Not for the first prize, I, Mnestheus now aim, nor to conquer I struggle; Though O — but let those attain it, O Neptune, to whom thou hast granted : 195 It were a shame to have come in the last, and, my citizen-comrades. Conquer in this, and avert the disgrace." In the height of the contest Forward they bend, and the bronzed stern shakes with their vigorous oar-strokes. Drawn underneath is the main : then laborious breathing their joints and Parched lips quiver, and sweat all over them courses like rivers. 200 Accident merely secured for the heroes their coveted honor ; For, as in frenzy of spirit, he urges his prow to the ledges, Farther in shore, and enters too narrow a channel, Sergestus Lucklessly struck on the ledges that jutted projectingly outward. Jarred are the rocks by the shock, and the oars, on a spur of the coral 205 Striking, were shivered, and shattered the prow hung over suspended. Uprise the sailors together, and loiter in yehement clamor, As they their steel-tipped boat-hooks, and pointedly tapering punt-poles Ply, and collect in the broken oars from the surf in the whirlpool. But the exhilarant Mnestheus, more keen by his very advantage, 210 Borne by the nimble platoon of the oars, and invoking the breezes. Steers for the shore-prone seas, and runs out of the limitless ocean ; Just as a pigeon that out of a grotto is suddenly startled. Which has a home and precious nests in the honey-combed tufa. Hurries in flight to the meadows, and scared from her cover a flapping 215 Gives with her wings, and then instantly, gliding away on the still air. Skims on her liquid way, and moves not her feathery pinions : So speeds Mnestheus, and so does the Pristis herself through the last waves Cleave, so even her impetus wafts her, as if she were flying ; And he at once deserts Sergestus aloof on the high crag 220 Struggling, and calling in vain for assistance amid the contracted Shallows, and learning with shattered oars how to run in a boat-race. Thence he successfully Gyas, and e'en the Chimera of huge bulk Fol'ows : she fails because she has been despoiled of her helmsman. Only Cloanthus now is remaining, and he on the home-stretch ; 225 BOOK V. 85 Him does he seek and presses him, tugging with desperate efforts. Then does the shouting redouble, and all by their cheers the pursuer Stimulate on, and the welkin resounds with the thunder of plaudits, These are chagrined their appropriate glory and realized honor Not to retain, and would willingly barter their life for applauses: 230 Those their success but incites: they are able because they are seen to be able. Yea, and perchance they had taken the prizes with beaks on an even. Had not Cloanthus, with each of his palms outstretched to the ocean, Poured forth prayers and in vows the assistance of deities summoned: " Gods, whose sway is the ocean, on whose broad plain I am racing, 235 Gladly to you will I out on the beach, and in front of your altars, Offer a snow-white bullock, and, bound by a vow, to the salt waves Tender the entrails, and pour out the glowing wine in libation," Spake he, and deep down under the billows the Nereids' choir all Heard him, and choir of Phorcus, and Panopea the mermaid; 240 Farther Portunus himself, with his powerful hand as she comes on, Pushes her forward: she fleeter than feathery arrow, or South- wind, Speeds to the land, and hath hidden herself in the depths of the harbor. Then does the son of Anchises, when all are, according to custom. Summoned, proclaim by the mighty voice of a herald, Cloanthus 245 Victor, and wreathes his temples with verdant garland of laurel; And he allows him to choose three bullockSj and wine, and a massive Talent of silver as presents to carry away to the vessels. Now on the captains themselves he confers their distinguishing honors; First to the winner a gold- wrought mantle, around which abundant 250 Ran Meliboean purple in duplicate wavy meander: Woven within it is royal Ganymede seen, as on leafy Ida he worries in chase with his javelin the rollicking roebuck Eager, as one who is panting; whom high from the summit of Ida Jove's swift armor-bearer hath seized in his talony clutches; 255 Elderly wardens are seen uplifting their hands to the planets Vainly, and vainly the barking of dogs is assailing the welkm. But to the one, who in turn has attained by his merit the second Place, he a corslet injointed in gold with its delicate triple Rings, which himself from Demoleiis had, on the banks of the rapid 260 Simois, close by imperial Ilium, stripped as a victor. Gives for the hero to wear as a badge and protection in battle: Scarce were his servants Phegeus and Sagaris able to bear it, Fold upon fold, on their shoulders, yet in it Demoleiis erewhile Clad was accustomed to drive, in pursuing the scattering Trojans. 265 86 THE .ENEID. He, as the third prize, tenders a couple of caldrons of bronze-work, Goblets of silver elaborate wrought and embossed with devices. So they were all now rewarded with presents, and, proud of their treasures, They were departing with fillets of purple adorning their temples, When scarce cleared from the merciless crag by a skillful manoeuvre, 270 Back with the loss of his oars and completely disabled in one tier, Was the unhonored Sergestus steering his ridiculed galleys: Just as at times a serpent, arrested in crossing a highway. O'er which obliquely a brass-tired wheel has passed, or a footman Left it stunned by a heavy blow, or crushed by a cobble, 275 Vainly essaying to flee, it wriggles its body in lengthy contortions, Fierce in a part, and on fire in its eyes, and uplifting its hissing Wattles on high, and a portion disabled by bruises, retards it. Struggling in twisted knots, and writhing itself in its members: Such was the rowing by which hi^ vessel was slowly proceeding. 280 Still he makes sail, and under full sail he enters the offing: Yet does ^neas award to Sergestus the promised bestowment. Glad that his vessel is safe, and his comrades returning uninjured. To him is given a slave, expert in the work of Minerva, Pholoe, Cretan by birth, and her twins at her breast are included. 285 After this contest is over, the pious .^neas directs his Way to a grass-grown plam, which on all sides forests on curving Hillocks were girding, and where in the midst of a vale was a theatre's Race-course; whither the hero, escorted by numerous thousands. Bore himself on, and amid the assembly sat down on a platform. 290 There if perchance there were any who wished to contend in the rapid Race, he invites their souls with rewards, and proposes the prizes. Teucrans assemble around, and Sicanians also commingle; Nisus withal and Euryalus foremost: — Famed was Euryalus far for his form and his youth in its freshness, 295 Nisus for loving regard for the boy: next following these came Princely Diores, descended from Priam's illustrious household; Salius also, and Patron, of whom Acaranian one was. And of Arcadian blood from the tribe of Tegaea the other; Two Trinacrian youths, and Helymus, Panopes also, 300 Both to the forests inured, the attendants of aged Acestes; Many besides these entered whom fame in obscurity buries. Thus in their midst at length did ^neas address the contestants: " Take these words in your souls, and allow me your joyous attention: None of this number shall go unrewarded by me from the contest: 305 BOOK V, 87 I will a couple of Gnosian darts that glitter with burnished Steel give each, and inlaid with silver to carry a pole-axe : This one honor shall be to you all ; but the prizes the foremost Three shall receive, and their heads shall be wreathed with the yellowish olive; But let the principal winner a steed with magnificent trappings 310 Have; and the second a rich Amazonian quiver with Thracian Arrows filled, which a broad-sized baldric of gold is embracing Round, and a buckle, with jewel of tapering bevel, attaches. But let the third go content with this single Argolican helmet." When these words have been spoken, they take their stand, and the signal 315 Heard, in an instant they take to the track, and, the barrier quitting. Poured like a hurricane-cloud, as together they signal the goal-mark. Nisus is taking the lead, and afar in advance of all persons Starts off swifter than wind, and fleeter than wings of the lightning: Nearest to him, yet the nearest by interval ample between them, 320 Salius follows; then after them, leaving a space intervening, Third is Euryalus: — Helymus follows Euryalus; then, but approaching him closely, Lo ! flits onward, and heel upon heel now brushes Diores, Bending down over his shoulder, and if more space were remaining, 325 Gliding ahead he may pass him, or leave him a dubious winner. Now almost at the end of the track they were wearily drawing Near to the goal, when Nisus unluckily slips in the slimy Blood, that had there, as it chanced when the sacrificed bullocks were slaughtered, Flowed on the gronnd, and had thoroughly moistened the herbage about it. 330 There did the youth, as a winner already exulting, his footsteps Hold not, but just as the soil was trodden he stumbled Headlong into the filthy manure, and the gore of the victims: Yet was he not of Euryalus, nor their attachments forgetful; For on the slipperiness rising he threw him in Salius' pathway: 335 He, too, stumbled, and rolled over back on the clotted arena. Dashes Euryalus on and as winner secures, by his comrade's Kindness, the lead, and flits, amid clapping and favoring plaudits. After him comes in Helymus: now has Diores the third prize. Salius here fills all the immense amphitheatre's concourse, 340 Yea, and the front row views of the fathers with vehement clamors, Asks that the honor by artifice stolen be duly restored him. Popular favor Euryalus shields, and his diffident weeping — Lovelier even the worth when it comes in a beautiful person. Backs him Diores also, and proclaims it in vehement language, 345 88 THE ^NEID. Who has attained to the prize, yet in vain has he come to the lowest Meeds, if to Salius are to be rendered the principal honors. Then said Father ^neas : " To you shall remain your bestowments. Certain, my lads, and none shall unsettle the order of prizes; But it is proper to pity our innocent neighbor's misfortunes." 350 So as he spake, he the monstrous skin of an African lion Tenders to Salius, shaggy with mane and embellished with gilt-claws. Here said Nisus: " If such are the prizes awarded the vanquished; If thou dost pity the fallen, then, prithee, what worthy bestowments Wilt thou on Nisus confer, who had merited fairly the first crown, 355 Had not on me, as on Salius lit an inimical mishap ? " And he at once was, on these words, showing his face, and his limbs all Daubed with the sticky manure. At him the excellent father Laughed, and commanded a shield to be brought, Didymaon's production. Once by the Danaans plucked from the door-posts sacred of Neptune: 360 He the illustrious youth rewards with this elegant present. After the races were finished, and he has awarded the prizes: " Now in whose bosom soever are present the courage and spirit, Let him stand forth and uplift his arms with his hands in the gauntlets." So he exclaims, and a two-fold honor propounds for the combat; 365 Unto the victor a bullock with gold and ribbons enveloped. But, as relief to the vanquished a sword and magnificent helmet. Pause there is none, but straightway Dares, of marvelous vigor. Offers his features, and lifts him the hero mid mighty applauses, He who alone was wont to contend in encounter with Paris, 37c He, too, who once at the tomb, where reposes the mightiest Hector, Boldly the champion, Butes, of stature immense who was loudly Boasting as coming from Amycus' noble Bebrycian peerage. Leveled, and stretched out moribund there on the yellow arena. Such at the outset does Dares his tall head lift for the combat, 375 While he his broad-set shoulders displays and alternately lunges, Thrusting his arms out forward and thrashes the air with his fist-blows. For him a rival is sought, nor does any one out of that vast throng Dare to advance on the hero and vest his hands with the gauntlets. Hence he exulting, and thinking that all from the prize were withdrawing, 380 Stood up in front of the feet of ^neas, no longer delaying. Then he with left hand seizes the bull by the horn and he thus speaks: " Goddess-born, since none dares hazard himself in the contest. What is the use of my waiting? How long have I need to be holden ? Order the presents produced." And at once the Dardanians all were 385 BOOK V. 8q Shouting and ordering up to the hero the pledges surrendered. Hereat Acestes, with words upbraidingly lashes Entellus, As he had seated himself on the green grass sofa beside him : " Prithee, Entellus, once counted, though vainly, the bravest of heroes, Wilt thou so tamely allow such presents, without an encounter, 390 Carried off ? Where is that god of ours now, that pretendedly famous Eryx, thy master ? And where through all Trinacria bruited. Where is thy fame ? And where are those spoils in thy dwelling suspended ? ' He at this : " Neither hath love of applause, nor my glory departed. Beaten by fear, but my blood runs dull, by the slowness of old age 395 Chilled, and my worn-out muscles alike are benumbed in my body. Ah ! if I had what I once possessed, and in what yon pretender Vaunts so defiant, if now I had only the vigor of youthhood, I would in sooth, uninduced by the price and the beautiful bullock. Enter the lists ; I stand not on presents." He then, as he thus spake, 400 Flung in the midst a couple of gauntlets of frightfully heavy Weight, in which the redoubtable Eryx was wont to present his Hand in the fights, and to brace his arms in their sinewy rawhide. Stunned were their souls ; for seven enormous hides of the largest Oxen were rigid with lead and iron inserted within them. 405 Dares himself is before all startled, and shrinking refuses ; Whilst, the magnanimous son of Anchises the weight and prodigious Folds of their fastenings tries, as he turns them over and over. Then such recitals as these did the old man bring from his bosom : " What if any one here had beheld the gauntlets and armor 410 Worn by Hercules' self, and had witnessed the awful encounter Here on this beach ! Once Eryx, thy kinsman, was wielding these weapons. Aye, thou canst even yet notice the stains of blood, and the spattered Brains : with these he resisted the mighty Alcides ; to these, too, I was accustomed while hardier blood was imparting me vigor, 415 Ere yet envious old age sparsely was blanching my temples: But if the Trojan Dares refuses our armor, and this sets Well with the pious ^neas, and patron Acestes approves it. Let us make equal the fights : I give up the rawhide of Eryx — Banish alarm — and do thou put off, too, the gauntlets of Troja !" 420 Thus as he spake, he threw back from his shoulders his duplicate mantle. Stripped bare the mighty joints of his limbs and his arms and his mighty Bones, and he stood forth there as a giant amid the arena. Then did the father, the son of Anchises, present them with equal Gauntlets, and fitted the palms of them both with analogous armor. 425 go THE .ENEID. Forthwith erect and on tiptoe each champion took his position ; Dauntlessly each extended his arms to the breezes above him ; Back they afar have withdrawn their towering heads from the lunges ; Hands they immingle with hands, and they challenge each other to combat, This one is quicker in moving his feet and reliant on youthhood ; 430 That one is strong in his limbs and in bulk, but his faltering knees give Way as he totters, and difficult breathing is quaking his vast joints. Many a wound do the champions bootlessly toss to each other; Many on hollow flank they redouble, and vast the resounds they Yield from the breast, and incessantly round the ears and the temples 435 Wanders the hand, and under the hard wound crackle the jaw-bones. Firmly Entellus stands, and in one immovable posture. Only with body and vigilant eyes he parries the weapons. Dares, as one who is storming a high-walled city with engines. Or under arms is beleaguering castles entrenched in the mountains ; 440 Now he through these, now those approaches and every position Wanders with tact, and by varied assaults unavailingly presses. Rising on tip-toe Entellus his right hand showed, and hath lofty Raised it, and Dares the coming blow from above in an instant Sees, and, slipping aside with a lurch of his body, he dodged it. 445 Wasted Entellus his strength on the wind, and losing his balance, Heavy himself, he heavily down to the earth by his vast weight Falls ; as at times falls, either on mount Erymanthus, or mighty Ida, a hollowed out pine-tree torn from its roots in a tempest. Teucrans and youths of Trinacria anxiously rise in a body; 450 Up goes a shout to the welkin, and running Acestes the foremost Pitying lifts up his friend from the ground, who in age is his equal ; But the hero undaunted, nor even disheartened by falling. Fiercer returns to the fight, and his anger arouses his vigor ; Then does chagrin and his conscious ability kindle his courage, 455 , Wrathfully drives he Dares precipitous over the whole plain, Lunges redoubling, now with his right and now with his left hand. Pause there is none, nor a respite : as tempests with plentiful hailstone Rattle away on the roofs ; so does the hero with lunges incessant. Often with each hand batter and buffet the champion Dares. 460 Then did the father ^neas permit their wrath to proceed no Farther, nor suffered Entelles to rave in his violent passions; But he imposed an end to the combat, and the wearied out Dares Rescued, consoling him kindly with words, and thus he bespeaks him: " Luckless, what marvelous madness has seized thy presumptuous spirit ? 465 BOOK V. 91 Dost thou perceive not thine energies alien and deities adverse ? Yield to the god." He spake, and by voice put a stop to the combats. But his faithful associates lead him, dragging his languid Knees, and tossing his head on each shoulder, and vomiting clotted Gore from his mouth and his knocked out teeth, too, mixed with the blood-flow, 470 Back to the vessels ; and when they are called they his sword and his helmet Take in his stead, and resign to Entellus the palm and the bullock. Hereat o'erflowing in spirits and proud of the bullock the victor : " Goddess-born, and ye Teucrans," said he, " now know ye what sturdy Strength I possessed in my frame as it was in its juvenile vigor, 475 And from what imminent death ye have rescued the respited Dares." Spake he, and stepped up fronting the face of the opposite bullock. Which was at hand as the prize in the combat, and, drawing his right hand Backwards, he leveled between his horns the unmerciful gauntlet, Towering, and dashed it right into the bones and the fragmented brain-pan. 480 Sprawling out lifeless, and quivering, prostrate the bull to the ground falls. He, though, over him pours out strains like these from his bosom: " This I, O Eryx, a life that is better — a proxy for Dares — Render thee: here I a victor surrender my art and the gauntlets ! " Straightway ^neas invites to contend with the feathery arrow 4S5 Those who may chance to be willing, and places before them the prizes; And with his own stout hand he a mast, from the ship of Sergestus, Rears, and attached to a cord thrust through it a fluttering pigeon. At which to direct their steel, he suspends aloft from the mast-head. Round have assembled the men, and a brazen helmet the shuffled 490. Lots has received, and before them all with a favoring plaudit Out comes Hyrtacus' son, Hippocoon's privileged first-place; Next to him, Mnestheus, of late in the naval contest a victor. Follows, the Mnestheus but recently crowned with a garland of olive; Third is Eurytion, thine own brother, O glorious archer 495 Pandarus, who when formerly ordered to rupture the treaty. First in the midst of Achaians defiantly hurledst a weapon. Last in the helmet's bottom there settles the lot of Acestes; He, too, has dared with his hand to attempt the achievement of young men. Then do the champions, each for himself, with intensified vigor, 500 Bend their flexible bows, and draw out their shafts from the quivers. First through the sky from the twanging bow-string Hyrtacus' youthful Son's launched arrow asunder lashes the piniony breezes; Aye, and it comes, and is fixed in the wood of the opposite mast-head. Quivered the mast, and fluttered in fear on her pinions the frightened 505 92 THE ^NEID. Soarer, and all sides rang with the din of the boisterous plaudit. Next stood Mnestheus alert with his bow drawn up to position. Aiming aloft, and together directed his eyes and the weapon: But he unluckily could not the bird itself with his steel-tip Touch, and yet he has severed the knots, and the hempen attachments, 510 By which held fast by the foot she was hanging on high from the mast-head: Flitting away she has flown on the south-winds up in the dark clouds. Then did Eurytion rapidly, just then holding his bent bow Stretched all ready, in vows call loud on his brother, and closely Watchmg the pigeon elate in the vacant heaven, he shot her 515 Under the black mist, just in the effort of flapping her pinions. Dropped she dead, and away in the stars of aether abandoned Life, and in falling she brings back fixed in her body the arrow. All alone, with the prize lost, still was remaining Acestes, Who notwithstanding discharges his shaft on the volatile breezes; 520 Showing the father his skill, if no more, and the twang of his bowstring. Here on their eyes is a sudden prodigy thrust, and of mighty Augury; afterwards did a momentous catastrophe teach them. Though too late did the terrified soothsayers sing of its omens; For from the bow as it flitted, the reed took fire in the liquid 525 Clouds, and it signalled its passage by flames, and back on the gentle Breezes receded consumed; as oft when unsettled the stars shoot Over the heavens, and trail as they flit an effulgence behind them. Awed- in their souls the Trinacrian heroes and Trojan embarrassed Stood, and besought the supernals: the chieftain ^neas the omen 530 Did not however reject, but, embracing the joyous Acestes, Loads him at once with magnificent presents, and thus he bespeaks him: ''Take these, father, for under such auspices surely the mighty King of Olympus hath willed thee to draw an exceptional honor. Thou shalt this guerdon possess of even the aged Anchises, 535 Yes, this wine-crock moulded with figures, which Thracian Cisseiis Once to my father Anchises had given to bear, as a royal Present, away as memento and pledge of his special affection." Having thus spoken he circles with verdant laurel his temples. And in the presence of all proclaims Acestes the principal winner: 540 Nor does the noble Eurytion envy the privileged honor. Though he alone shot down from the lofty heaven the prize-bird. Next he proceeds with the gifts to the one who has snapped the attachments. Last to the one who, with feathery reed, perforated the mast-head. Now does the father ^neas, the games not being yet ended, 545 BOOK V. 93 Summon before him the guard and attendant of beardless liilus, Ipytus' offspring, and thus in his trusty ear he bespeaks him: " Hasten, and say to Ascanius, if he has ready around him Now his battalion of boys, and has practised his cavalry charges, Let him lead out his troops, and in armor parade in his grandsire's 550 Honor," he said. He himself commands the ingathering people All to retire from the ring, and the commons to be unobstructed. In ride the boys, and they side by side in the presence of parents Shine on their close-curbed chargers, and so, as they march in procession, All Trinacria's youngsters, and Troja's, admiringly cheer them. 555 Each one's locks are adorned with a neat-trimmed chaplet in fashion; Each one carries a couple of steel-tipped lances of cornel: Some on their shoulders have polished quivers, and over each bosom Passes around the neck a gold-braided flexible necklace: Three in number the cavalry squads, and three their commanders 560 Galloping to and fro, and the twice six boys who attend them Glitter in parted battalion, as trim as their drilling instructors. Little pet Priam is leading one line of exhilarant youngsters, Bearing the name of his grandsire, thine eminent offspring, Polites, Destined to strengthen Italia: him does a Thracian charger 565 Carry, bespotted with patches of white, and white in his fore-feet Fetlocks, and showing off lofty his fair white forehead superbly. Second was Atys — whence Latins have drawn the Atian peerage — Little pet Atys, a boy who as boy was endeared to liilus. Last, but the fairest of all in the grace of his form, was liilus, 570 Riding a splendid Sidonian steed, which the beautiful Dido Gave him to be a memento and pledge of her special affection: But the rest of the youth on Trinacrian steeds of Acestes Aged are mounted: — Dardans the timid ones welcome with cheers, and in gazing upon them 575 Gladden, and recognize in them the features of elderly parents. After they all have elate the assembly, and eyes of their kindred. Passed in paraded review on their chargers, then ready the signal Ipytus' son with a shout at a distance gave, and his whip cracked. Mated they galloped apart, but the threes have dissolved their battalions, 580 Ranked them in separate squads, and again, when receiving the order. Wheeled them about, and as foemen presented their weapons for action : Thence they engage in successive advances and counter advances, Facing with spaces between them, and circle in circle alternate Tangle, and skirmishing fight as in armor the sham of a battle. 585 94 THE ^NEID. Now they uncover their backs in retreat, and now, as if charging. Level their lances, and now, peace settled, they ride off together: Just as the labyrinth once in the mountainous Crete, it is stated, Had by its blind walls woven a way and its intricate winding Maze of a thousand passages, where but a single unnoticed 590 Irretrievable error bewildered the marks of pursuing: So, in their mimic encounters the sons of the Trojans their footsteps Tangle, and weave their retreats and engagements in sportive manoeuvre: Just as the dolphins which often through watery seas in their swimming Cleave the Carpathian or Libyan deep, and desport in the billows. 595 This entertainment of tilting, and these rencounters repeated First Ascanius, when he was Alba Longa with ramparts Girding, and taught to the earlier Latins their proper observance, Just as he had when a boy, and with him the youngsters of Troja Learned them; the Albans instructed their children, and so in succession 600 Mightiest Rome has received and retained the ancestral amusement: Troja it now is entitled, the boys are the Trojan battalion. Thus far the games were observed to his deified father Anchises. Here for the first did changeable Fortune dishonor her pledges; While at the tomb they solemnities render iri various pastimes, 605 Down from heaven Saturnian Juno dispatches on errand Iris to Ilium's fleet, and she breathes on her breezes in going, Pondering much, for unsatisfied yet was her primitive grievance. Speeding, unnoticed by any, her way on her bow of a thousand Colors, she hastens adown with a vanishing trail, as a virgin. 610 Scans she the mighty assembly, and takes a survey of the sea beach; Sees she the harbors deserted, and squadron of vessels forsaken. But in the distance the Trojan matrons, apart on the lonely Strand, were bemoaning the loss of Anchises, and all were in weeping Gazing intent on the fathomless ocean. " Alas ! and how many 615 Shoals, and how much of the sea to the weary remains !" is the common Wail of them all: they entreat for a city; they loathe to encounter Toil on the deep. Hence she plunges, not wholly unpracticed in mischief, Boldly among them, and doffing the mien and attire of a goddess. Takes the disguise of Beroe, Ismarian Doryclus' aged 6z3 Wife, who of yore had family rank, and renown, and an offspring. Thus transformed she intrudes in the midst of Dardanian matrons: " Wretches are we," she exclaims, " whom Achaia's hand in the warfare Did not drag unto death 'neath the walls of our country.' O! nation Ever forlorn ! Lo what desolate ruin does Fortune reserve thee ? 625 BOOK V. 95 Now is the seventh summer recurring since Troja's destruction, Yet we are carried through straits, and all lands, and so many outlandish Ledges in measuring stars, and while we pursue o'er the mighty Sea the forever escaping Italia, are rolled on the billows ! Here are the confines of brotherly Eryx, and friendly Acestes; 630 Who prohibits our founding us walls, and giving our townsmen Cities ? O country, and home-gods fruitlessly snatched from the foemen ! Will there no longer be ramparts entitled the Trojan ? O shall I Never the rivers of Hector, the Xanthus and Samois see more ? Come now the rather, and with me burn these unprosperous vessels; 635 For in my slumbers appearing the phantom of seeress Cassandra Seemed to present me with blazing torches: " Here seek for a Troja; Here is your home," she exclaims, " and now is the time to be doing: Linger not after such portents. Lo ! here are four altars of Neptune, Yea, and the deity's self supplies us with torches and spirit ! " 640 Thus she, haranguing them, seizes at once in a frenzy a fire-brand Hostile, uplifting her right hand high and straining, she swings it, Hurls it afar ! Amazed are the minds and astounded the hearts of Ilium's matrons. Then one of the throng, and the eldest of any, Pyrgo, the royal nurse of Priam's numerous children: 645 " Mothers, no Beroe this, as ye think her; no Rhcetian consort She of Doryclus: notice the signs of divinity's glory, Notice the burning eyes, and observe what a spirit is in her: Mark what a face, and the tones of her voice, or her gait in her going ! I but a little ago from Beroe parted and left her 650 Sick, and bemoaning that she should alone be deprived of this pious Service, and could not bring in to Anchises the merited honors." Thus did she speak: — But the matrons, at first perplexed, and with eyes of malignance Gazed on the galleys, misgiving between the solicitous yearning 655 Felt for the present land, and the kingdoms by destiny calling: When through the heavens the goddess, upsoaring on balancing pinions. Cleaves in her flight on the clouds the magnificent arch of a rainbow. Then they in sooth awestruck by the wonders, and driven to frenzy. Clamor together, and snatch from the hearths of their dwellings the fire-brands ; 660 Some are despoiling the altars, and branches and bushes and faggots Heaping together. Vulcan with reins thrown loose is careering Over the thwarts, and the oars, and the painted decking of fir-wood. Quick to Anchises' tomb and the theatre's staging, Eumelus Carries the news that the ships are on fire, and themselves as they look back 665 g6 THE yENEID. -,.■„■. See the fuliginous cinders flitting about in the smoke-cloud. Foremost Ascanius, as he was gaily his cavalry charges Leading so eager on horseback, galloped away to the troubled Camps, and not even his breathless instructors were able to check him. " What new frenzy is this ? At what now, at what are you aiming, 670 O ye contemptible citizens ? You are not foemen and hostile Camps of the Argives — you are but foolishly burning your own hopes ! See me, your own Ascanius !" Down at their feet he his empty Helmet flung, which he wore in the game when engaged in the sham fight. Hurries .^Eneas at once, and at once, too, the throng of the Teucrans: 675 But in their panic the dames, now everywhere over the sea beach Scattering, scamper, and stealthily scud to the woods, and, if any, Cavernous rocks. Ashamed of their deed and the light, they repentant Own their acquaintances: Juno has been dislodged from their bosoms. But, notwithstanding, the flames and the fire their untamable vigor 680 Staid not, but under the saturate oak-beams smoulders the oakum. Slowly disgorging the smoke, while the smothered glow of combustion Crumbles the keels, and the havoc descends through the whole of the hulk frames: Neither the vigor of heroes nor inpoured streams are availing. Then did the pious ^neas, tearing his robe from his shoulders, 685 Call on the gods for their aid, and his palms outstretch in entreaty: " O omnipotent Jove, if not yet wroth at the Trojans E'en to a man, and thy primitive mercy on human distresses Looks with compassion, O grant that the fleet may escape the combustion, Father, and rescue from ruin the slender affairs of the Teucrans: 690 Or what alone remains, with vindictive thunderbolt send me. If I deserve it, to death, and o'erwhelm me here with thy right hand. ' ' Scarce had he uttered this, when with a deluging shower a murky Tempest inordinate rages, and tremble with thunder the headland Heights and the plains, and from sether throughout there is bursting a rain storm 695 Turbid with water, and lurid, and densely surcharged with the South winds. Filled are the sterns from above, and the half-burnt timbers of live-oak Flooded, till all of the glow is extinguished, and all of the vessels, Four of them missing excepted, are saved from the terrible havoc. But the father ^neas, appalled by the grievous disaster, 700 Shifted now here and now there in his bosom the mighty dilemma, Pondering whether to settle now down in Siculian moorlands. Mindless of fates, or endeavor to reach the Italian confines. Then the elderly Nautes, whom only Tritonian Pallas Taught, and rendered distinguished in many an art of divining — 705 BOOK V. 97 He who was giving responses, both those which the dieties' mighty Wrath was portending, and those which the order of fate was demanding — He, by these kindly expressions consoling ^neas, commences : " Goddess-born, let us follow where destinies draw or withdraw us; Be what it may, each fortune must be overcome by endurance. 710 Thou hast the Dardan Acestes, of issue divine, for reliance. Take him in counsels as ally, and join him a willing assistant; Leave him the crews who remain from the lost ships, those who have weary Grown of the mighty adventure, and tired of sharing thy fortunes. Old and decrepit men, and women aweary of ocean; 715 Go, too, whatever is feeble with thee, and is feeble of danger Cull, and the homesick let in these regions have permanent ramparts: By a permissible name they shall title their city Acesta." Fired by such startling words of his elderly friend is ^neas: Then of a truth he in soul is in all of his troubles distracted. 720 Dark Night, too, by his span upwafted, was mounting the zenith; Downward from heaven the phantom appeared of his parent Anchises Gliding, and such the expressions he seemed of a sudden to utter: " Son, once dearer to me than my life, while life was remaining, Wearied and worried, my son, by Ilium's fated misfortunes, 725 Hither I come by the mandate of Jupiter, who from thy squadrons Warded the fire, and from heaven at length has had pity upon thee; Follow the excellent counsels, which now the eicperienced Nautes Gives thee; the pick of the youth, and the hearts that are bravest Bear to Italia: hardy the race, and rude in their culture, 730 Thou must subdue in Latium: ere it, however, to Pluto's Mansions infernal approach, and down through the depths of Avernus, Son, an interview seek with me; for neither does dismal Tartarus hold me, nor shadows of gloom, but I dwell with the happy Throngs of the blest in Elysium: here shall the virtuous Sibyl 735 Lead thee, by sacrifice made in a bountiful slaughter of black sheep: Then shalt thou learn of thine issue throughout, and what cities are destined. Now for the present, farewell ; for the dew-damp night is its mid course Rounding, and Orient ruthless hath breathed with its panting chargers upon me." So had he spoken, and vanished as smoke on the ambient breezes. 740 "Whither art rushing so soon," said ^Eneas, " and whither art hasting? Whom dost thou flee, or who forces thee hence from our offered embraces ? ' ' Uttering this he rekindles the embers and smouldering fire-brands, Worships the Patrons of Pergamus, and at the shrine of the hoary Vesta, devoutly with consecrate meal and a plentiful censer. 745 98 THE ^NEID. Straightway he summons his comrades, and specially aged Acestes; Tells them the mandate of Jove, and the charges direct of his cherished Parent, and what now deep in his soul is the sentiment settled: Pause there is none in their plans, nor refuses Acestes the orders. They for a city the matrons enroll, and the people who wish it 750 Set they apart, and the souls in no need of distinguishing glory. Thwarts they in person repair, and replace in the shipping the oaken Timbers consumed by the flames, and rig out the oars and the halyards: Scanty in number, but theirs is a valor alive for a warfare. Meanwhile .(Eneas marks out with a plow his associates' city, 755 Portions out homes by lot, and the wards this Iluim, that Troja, Bid he be localized. Trojan Acestes is pleased with his kingdom, Forms he a forum, and senators summoned, he gives them his statutes. Then on the summit of Eryx, and nigh to the stars is a temple Planned to Idalian Venus, and priest for the tomb, and a grove-plot 760 Sacred far and wide to the name of Anchises is added. Now has the whole clan nine-days festival kept, and the service Done at the altars; the halcyon breezes have leveled the waters: Freshly the South-wind breathing invites them again on the ocean. Loud is the wailing that rises along the out-widening sea-beach; 765 Linger they night and day in reciprocal partmg embraces : Now do the self-same matrons and men, to whom lately the sea's face Seemed so repulsive and unendurable even to mention. Long to depart and encounter all the distress of the voyage. Whom now the noble .flineas is cheering with friendly expressions, 770 Whilst he in weeping commends them in trust to his kinsman, Acestes. Bids he them then three heifers to Eryx, a lamb to the Tempests Slaughter, and orders the hawsers one after another unfastened. Then he, enwreathing his head with a neat-trimmed garland of olive. Standing out far on the prow, upraises a bowl and the entrails 775 Casts in the briny billows, and pours out a flowing libation. Rising astern there pursues them a breeze as they go from the harbor: Eager his comrades lather the sea as they sweep o'er the waters. But in the meantime Venus, oppressed by her troubles, addresses Neptune, and pours from her bosom complaint in language of this sort: 780 " Juno's annoying resentment and ever insatiate bosom Force me, O Neptune, to stoop unto even the humblest entreaties; Neither does length of days, nor piety any appease her, Nor does she rest, though worsted by fates and by Jupiter's mandate: In her fell hate to have wasted the Phrygians' medial nation's 785 BOOK V. 99 City, and dragged it through every punishment, is not sufficient; She must the remnants, and ashes, and bones of annihilate Troja Persecute : she the causes may know for such rancorous fury. Thou art my witness thyself what a turmoil she late of a sudden Roused in the Libyan billows, and all the seas with the heavens ■ 790 Mingled in vain in reliance on Coins' stormy tornadoes — Dared to do this in thy realms, too: — Lo ! she maliciously, even by goading the matrons of Troja, Basely hath burned their vessels, and thus, by the loss of their squadron. Forced them to leave in an unknown land a part of their comrades. 795 AVhat yet remains, I beseech thee, allow them to spread on the billows Safely their sails, and permit them to reach the Laurentian Thybris; If what I seek is conceded, if destinies grant them those ramparts." Then the Saturnian lord of the deep sea uttered this answer: " It is entirely right, Cytherean, to trust my dominions, 800 Whence thou derivest thy birth: I desire it, moreover, for often Have I restrained their rage and such madness of heaven and ocean. Nor has the less on the land — let Xanthus and Simois witness — Been thine ^Eneas my charge. When Achilles in battle pursuing Pressed to the walls of the city the frightened battalions of Troja, 805 Many a thousand consigned he to death, and the rivers repleted Groaned, and the Xanthus could open no passage, nor onward itself roll Into the sea; then ^neas, encountering dauntless Pelides, Neither with gods nor his energy equal, I snatched in a hollow Cloud, although I intended to raze to their very foundations, 810 Laid though they were by mine own hands, perjured Troja' s defences. Now, too, my purpose continues persistent : dispel thy misgiving ; Safe shall he reach, as thou wishest, at length the port of Avernus. There shall be only one, whom lost thou shalt seek in the surges : One head thus shall be given for many : — " 815 When by these words he hath soothed the elated breast of the goddess. Couples the father his coursers in harness of gold, and the frothy Bridles applies to the beasts, and all the reins from his hands flings. Light o'er the crest of the waters he flies in cerulean state-car : Billows subside, and under his thundering axle the surface, 820 Heaved by the waters, is laid, and from limitless sether the clouds scud. Then troop manifold forms of his retinue, monsters enormous Elderly chorus of Glaucus, Palsemon the offspring of Ino, Swiftly careering Tritons, and all of the army of Phorcus ; Thetis is holding the left, and Melite, too, and the mermaid 825 lOO THE MNEIB. Panope, Nesffi, Spio, Cymodoce, Thalia also. Here are enrapturing pleasures alternately thrilling the anxious Mind of the father .^Eneas, and quickly he orders the mainmasts All to be raised, and the mainyards stretched with sails to the utmost. All have together the main sheet set, and united the port tacks 830 Loosed, and the starboard now ; they together are shifting the tall yards, To and fro : their own gales onward are wafting the squadron. There in the van of them all Palinurus was leading the dense-packed Line, and to him were the others commanded to steady their courses. Now had the dew-damp night attained almost to the midway 835 Limit of heaven, and weary the mariners, stretched on the benches. Under their oars, were relaxing their limbs in a peaceful quiescence, When light gliding adown from the planets jetherial Slumber Clave through the tenebrous air and disparted the shadows before him, Aiming for thee, Palinurus, to thee inoffensive conveying 840 Ominous slumbers : the god sits down on the tip of the stern-post, Just like Phorbas, and pours from his mouth these subtile palavers : " Palinure, son of lasius, the sea's self carries the vessels ; Steady the breezes are blowing, the hour is devoted to quiet ; Pillow thy head, and from labor inveigle thy wearying eye-balls : 845 I for a little myself will discharge thy duties by proxy." Scarcely uplifting his eyes, Palinurus responsive bespeaks him : " Dost thou the look of the placid brine, and the quieted billows Bid me ignore, and commit myself to that terrible monster? How can I trust ^neus in sooth to the treacherous breezes ? 850 I, who so oft have been tricked by the freaks of the halcyon heavens?" Such were the words he was lisping, and firmly and fast to the tiller Never was loosing his hold, and was keeping his eyes on the planets. Lo ! the god then a bough, all dripping with Lethean dew-drops. Made soporific by Stygian spell, over both of his temples 855 Waves, and relaxes his nictating eyes as he strives to resist it. Scarce had the quiet unnoticed unnerved his joints for the moment. When he leaning down over him pitched him, with part of the stern-post Wrenched with the rudder itself, off headlong into the liquid Billows, though often and vainl}' calling aloud on his comrades : 860 Whilst he, bird-like flitting, upsoared on the ambient breezes. Safe none the less on its voyage does the fleet speed over the waters. Borne by the promise of father Neptune unterrified onward. So it was now, onwafted, approaching the crags of the Sirens, Dangerous once, and white with the bones of many a shipwreck ; 865 BOOK V. lOI Then with the ceaseless surf from afar were resounding the hoarse rocks, When the father ^neas perceives that is roving the drifting Bark, with her helmsman lost ; and he steers her himself on the night waves. Frequently sighing, and shocked in his soul by the fate of his comrade. " O too confidingly trusting the sky and the halcyon ocean, 870 Thou on an unknown strand, Palinurus, art lying unburied I " BOOK VL Landing at Oumse, 51neas repairs to the shrine of Apollo: Thence, by the Sibyl conducted, he visits his father in Hades : Thus he in weeping speaks, and, resigning jthe reins to his squadron. Glides on safely at length to^the borders of Eubaean Cumse. Turn they seaward the prows ; then anchor with grapple tenacious Firmly was mooring the ships, and in line are their curvated stern-posts Fringing the shores. Outleaps on Hesperia's beach the exultant 5 Band of the warriors ; part of them seeds of flame in the fimt's veins Hidden are seeking ; and others are scouring the forests, the wild beasts' Clustering lairs, and ar^ noting the rivers already discovered. But in the meantime, the pious ^neas repairs to the castles. Over which lofty Apollo presides, and afar to the cloisters — 10 Cavern immense — of the awful Sibyl, whose mind and whose spirit Mighty the Delian prophet inspires, and discloses the future: Now are they entering Trivia's groves, and her aureate mansions. Daedalus — such is the legend — in fleeing the kingdom of Minos, Daring to venture himself on impetuous pinions to heaven, 15 Floated along his unwonted way to the icy Arcturus, Until he gently alighted at length at the castle of Chalcis. Soon as restored to these lands, he to thee, O Phoebus, devoted Duly his oarage of wings, and established magnificent temples, Carving Androgeos' death on the doors: then the people of Cecrops 20 Ordered as penalty yearly — a pity ! — to offer their children's Bodies by sevens as victims : the urn, too, it set for allotments ; Opposite, raised o'er the sea, corresponding are Gnosian highlands: Here Pasiphae's barbarous love for a bull and its make-shift Carved, and her hybrid offspring, double in body, the mongrel 25 jBOpK VI. i 103 Minotaur, monuments all of the amours of infamous Venus. Here is that toil of a house, and its range of impossible exit; But, in compassion indeed for the passionate love of the princess, Daedalus' self unraveled the puzzle and maze of the structure, Piloting Theseus' steps by a thread; and, in such an achievement, 30 Thou, too, O Icarus, hadst, if his grief had permitted, a large place Holden: he thrice had attempted to model in gold thy disaster; Thrice too, had fallen thy father's hands. They would doubtless have all things Thoroughly scanned with their eyes had Achates, sent forward beforehand, Not now arrived, and the priestess of Phoebus and Trivia with him, 'gS Daughter of Glaucus, Deiphob^, who thus addresses the monarch: " Sights like these for itself the present occasion demands not; Now from the unyoked herd it were better to sacrifice seven Bulls, and as many of yearling ewes punctiliously chosen." Having thus spoke to ^neas — nor linger the men in the service 40 Ordered — the priestess the Teucrans invites to her towering temples, One vast side of Euboican rock hewn out in a cavern, Whither a hundred spacious approaches converge, and a hundred Mouths, whence issue as numerous voices, the Sibyl's responses. They to the threshold have come, when the maiden: " Tis time to be seeking 45 Fates," she exclaims, "the god, lo! the god!" And as thus she is speaking ^ Fronting the doors, of a sudden her visage and color have altered ; Staid not her tresses in trim, but her bosom is heaved, and her wild heart Swells with a frenzied excitement, and grander becomes her appearance : Not as a mortal's her tones, inasmuch as she now, by a nearer 50 Awe of her god was inspired: " Art thou ceasing thy vows and entreaties, Trojan ^neas ?" she said, " art ceasing ? for yawn not the spell-bound Mansion's ponderous portals till then." And she having thus spoken Hushed into silence ! A shivering shudder has run through the Teucrans' Stiffening bones, and their king pours prayers from his innermost bosom: 55 " Phoebus, who always hast pitied the grievous afflictions of Troja, And hast directed the hands and Dardanian weapons of Paris Once to Alcides' body, I under thy guidance have traversed Many a sea that encompasses mighty lands, and have distant Tribes of Massylians seen, and the meadows that border the Syrtes, 60 Now are we grasping at length the retreating Italia' s confines: Thus far only may Troja's disastrous fortune have chased us. You, too, now have permission to spare the Pergamean nation. All ye gods and goddesses also, to whom were obnoxious Ilium once, and Dardania's mighty glory, and thou most 65 I04 . THE ^NEID. Reverend prophetess, versed in the future, O grant me — I ask not Kingdoms not due to my fates — that the Teucrans in Latium settle — They and their wandering home-gods, and Troja's divinities restless: Then unto Phoebus and Trivia will I a temple of solid Marble establish, and festival days in honor of Phoebus. 70 Thee too, O maiden, do shrines magnificent wait in our kingdoms; For I will here thine oracular lots and the fates, in concealment Told of my nation, deposit, and consecrate guardians chosen, O thou benign one: Only commit not thy verses to leaflets. Lest they disordered may flit at the sport of the fluttering breezes; 75 Chant thou thyself, I beseech thee." Thus made he an end of his speaking. But not yet in subjection to Phoebus, the prophetess wildly Raves in her cavern, if she may be able to shake from her bosom the mighty Deity off; but he only the steadier worries her rabid Mouth, and controlling her fierce heart molds her at will by repressing. 80 Now have spontaneous opened the mansion's hundred enormous Portals and out on the breezes conveying the prophetess' answers: " Thou who at length hast accomplished the mighty adventures of ocean, But there are mightier waiting on land; to Lavinium's kingdoms Dardanus' children shall come: this solicitude send from thy bosom; 85 But they shall wish they had not come: battles ! O horrible battles ! Looming I see, and the Thybris all foaming with plenteous carnage: Nor shall a Samois there, nor a Xanthus, nor Dorican camp grounds Fail thee. Another Achilles e'en now is in Latium ready, He, too, the son of a goddess; nor shall there to Teucrans an added 90 Juno be wanting; then which of Italian Nations or cities Wilt thou, in needy condition, not humbly entreat for assistance ? Cause to the Teucrans of evil so great shall again be a foreign Bride, and again an extraneous marriage: — Yield not, however, to evils, but go thou the bolder against them 95 Far as thy fortune allows thee. The earliest passage of safety. Little as thou dost imagine it, lies through a city of Grecians." Such were the words in which from her sanctum the Sibyl of Cumae Chants her appalling enigmas, and makes her cavern rebellow. Shrouding the truth in obscurity: Such are the reins that Apollo ioo Over her shakes in her fume, as he burrows his spurs in her bosom. Soon as her fury hath ceased, and her mad lips settled quiescent, Thus commences the hero vEneas: "No species of hardships Longer, O maiden, arises before me as strange or unlooked for: All things have I foreknown, and in soul have already endured them. 105 BOOK VI. 105 One thing special I crave, since here, it is said, that the gate-way Stands of the monarch infernal and refluent Acheron's dark pool : Let it be mine to go down to the sight and the face of my cherished Father, and teach me the way and the sacred avenues open. Him I have even through flames, and a thousand up-following weapons no Caught on my shoulders, and rescued him out of the midst of the foemen. He hath attended my journey ; with me he was braving the dangers All of the sea, and all of the threats of the ocean and heavens. Weak as he was, and beyond e'en the strength and allotment of old-age ; Nay it was he, that I seek and as suppliant hie to thy threshold, 115 He who was giving me charges. O pity the son and the father Kindly, I pray thee, for thou canst do all things : Hecate hath not Utterly vainly appointed thee over the groves of Avernus. Surely if Orpheus once could summon the shade of his consort. Trusting alone to his Thracian lyre, and melodious harp-strings, 120 Aye, and if Pollux redeemed, by alternately dying, his brother. Going and coming this journey so often — and why should I mention Theseus the great, or Alcides? — my race is from Jupiter highest." Such were the words in which he was praying and clasping the altars. When thus 'gan speak the prophetess: "Sprung from the blood of the great gods, 125 Trojan son of Anchises, descent to Avernus is easy. Nights and days stands open the portal of hideous Pluto, But to retrace one's steps, and return to the air of the day-light, This is a drudgery, this is a labor. But few whom impartial Jove hath esteemed, and whom glittering worth hath exalted to heaven, 130 Sons of the gods, have achieved it : O'er all intermediate spaces Forests abound, and with dark flood gliding Cocytus surrounds them. But if so keen is the zest of thy mind, and so earnest thy longing Twice to sail over the Stygian lake, and twice on the dismal Tartarus look, and if pleased to indulge in the crazy endeavor, 135 Heed what first must be done. On a shadowy tree in the wild woods Nestles a bough, that is golden alike in its leafage and pliant Stem, and regarded as sacred to Juno infernal : the whole grove Screens it, and shadows enclose it around in the darkening valleys. But it is granted to none to go down in earth's gloomy recesses, 140 Save as he first shall have plucked from its tree this golden-haired offshoot. This hath the graceful Proserpina strictly ordained as a special Gift to be brought her. When one has been taken another as golden Fails not, but sprouts there frondescent a scion of similar metal. Therefore go trace it on high with thine eyes, and, when duly discovered, 145 I06 THE ^NEID. Pluck it by hand ; for it freely and easy will follow, if haply Fates are inviting thee ; otherwise thou by no possible efforts Canst overcome it, or wrench it away with the hardest of iron. Furthermore lifeless is lying the corpse of thy friend, though alas! thou Knowest it not, and by death it is tainting the whole of thy squadron, 150 Whilst thou art seeking responses and hanging afar on our threshold : Carry him first to his home, and in sepulchre fitting entomb him ; Bring black sheep, and be these thy precursory propitiations : So shalt thou gaze at length on the Stygian groves and the kingdoms Barred to the living." Spake she and closing her lips she was silent. 155 Fixing his eyes on the ground, and with countenance saddened .^neas Strides forth, quittmg the cavern, and pensively ponders the mystic Issues alone in his mind : his companion, the faithful Achates, Paces along, and his footsteps plants in an equal abstraction. Much they in varied discourse were discussing the one with the other, 160 Which of their comrades the prophetess spoke of as lifeless, whose body Ought to be buried : but when they have come they behold on the dry beach Lying Misenus, removed by a death undeserving — Misenus .iEolus' son, than whom none other was abler in rousing Men with his trumpet, and kindling with music the spirit of warfare. 165 He had the mighty Hector's associate been, and by Hector's Side had contended in battles, renowned for his bugle and war-spear. After Achilles as victor had plundered the life oi his chieftain, Had the redoubtable hero as comrade to Dardan ^neas Added himself, thus following no inferior fortunes : 170 But then haply, while making the waters resound with his hollow Conch-shell, dazed by his music, he challenges gods to a contest. Triton in jealousy— if it be worthy of credence — surprising Plunges the man in the midst of the rocks in the lathery surges. Hence were they all there mourning with dolorous wailing around him, 175 Chiefly the pious ^neas. So then the commands of the Sibyl, Pauseless they hasten in tears to perform, and a sepulchre's altar Vyingly gather of trees, and they heap it up even to heaven. Sally they out in the primitive forests, the haunts of the wild-beasts : Down fall the pines, and the holly resounds with the strokes of their axes, 180 Timbers of ash, and the cleavable oak are with beetle and wedges Split, and they roll the enormous wild-ash down from the mountains. Foremost among them ^neas, amid such laborious service. Cheers his companions, accoutred as they with the tools of a woodman : But with himself in his own sad heart he is pondering these things, 185 BOOK VI. 107 Scanning the limitless forests, arid audibly thus he beseeches : " O that that golden bough on its tree would reveal us itself now, Here in so boundless a wood, inasmuch as the prophetess all things Truly of thee, O Misenus, alas ! but too truly hath spoken ! " Scarce had he uttered these words, when it chanced that a couple of pigeons 190 Came, and under the champion's own eyes, flying from heaven, Settled adown on the green sod : then does, that mightiest hero Recognize these, as the birds of his mother and gladly entreats them : " Be ye my guides, if there be any way, and your course through the clear air Kindly direct in the groves, where the rich bough shadows the fertile 195 Soil, and, O parent divine, in my burdened perplexity fail not Thou to befriend me." And having thus spoken he slackened his foot steps. Watching what tokens they bring him, and where they continue to hover. Feeding along they proceeded only so far in their flying. As that the eyes of pursuers could keep them in sight in the distance. 200 Then when the pigeons have come to the jaws of the noisome Avernus, Swiftly they soar aloft, and gliding adown through the liquid Air they alight at their coveted roosts on the top of a twin-tree. Whence through the branches the changeably dazzling glitter of gold flashed ; Just as the mistletoe often is wont in the forests in winter's 205; Coldness to bloom, with a freshness of foliage such as its own tree Yields not, and wreathe with a yellow florescence the tapering tree-trunks : Such was the look of the foliaged gold as it stood on the shading Holly, and so in the whispering breezes was crackling the gold-foil. Forthwith seizes ^neas, and eagerly severs, the clinging 210- Stock, and conveys it within the abode of the seeress, the Sibyl. Meanwhile no less for Misenus the Teucrans were out on the sea-beach Weeping, and paying their last respects to insensible ashes. First they a pyre enormous, constructed of resinous pitch-pine Faggots, and split oak-wood, and entwine its sides with the sombre 215 Greens, and along its front the funereal cypresses closely Range in rows, and adorn it above with his glittering armor. Part of them lukewarm liquids, and flame-heated simmering caldrons Briskly prepare, and they bathe and anoint the remains of the cold dead. Wailing is made : then they back his bewept limbs lay on a mattress ; 220 Over them tenderly spread they his purple apparel, his well-known Vestments. A part have the cumbersome bier uplifted, a mournful Service, and, turning their faces away in the style of their parents. Held out the lighted torch ; and the piled up presents of incense. Viands, and vessels of out-poured oil are together cremated. 225 I08 THE ^NEID, After the ashes have settled away and the flame hath subsided, When they have washed with wine the remains, and the bibulous embers, Then Corynaeus enclosed the collected bones in a bronze urn. Thrice did the same man bear pure water around his companions, Sprinkling with sprayey dew and a branch of proliferous olive, 230 And so lustrated the men, and pronounced the final expressions. But the pious .lEneas imposes a mound of stupendous Size, and implants the arms of the hero, his oar and his trumpet. Under a breezy mount, which is called, from the hero, Misenus Still, and the name it shall hold on down through the ages forever. 235 These things properly finished, he follows the Sibyl's instructions. There was a cave profound and vast, with an opening enormous, Scraggy, and screened by a murksome lake and the gloom of the thickets, Over which could there no flying creatures on pinions a passage Risk with impunity, such was the exhalation that, pouring 240 Out of its blackened jaws, uprose to the vault of the heavens: Whence have the Grecians applied to the place the name of Aornos. Here does the priestess initially four young bullocks with black backs Range in a row, and the wines libatively tip on their foreheads, Plucking with care from between their horns the conspicuous bristles, 245 Puts she them into the sacred fires as initial libation. Loudly on Hecatd calling in heaven and Erebus potent. Others the butcher-knives place 'neath the victims' throats, and the warm blood Catch in the basins: ^neas himself, too, a lamb with a black-hued Fleece to the mother of Furies, to Night, and her powerful sister 250 Slays with his own sword, and to thee, O Proserpina, also a barren Heifer: then, rearing him altars by night to the Stygian monarch. Heaps in their flames whole carcasses solid of sacrificed bullocks, Pouring the rich olive-oil above on the smouldering entrails. But lo ! just as the glimmer appeared of the earliest sunrise, 255 Under their feet did the ground begin to rumble, the wooded Hills to be moved, and the hell-hounds seemed to howl in the darkness, :Signs of the goddess approaching: " Away, O away ye unhallowed !" Screeches the prophetess, " stand ye afar from the whole grove ! But march thou on thy way, and unsheathe thy sword from its scabbard; 260 Now is there need, O ^neas, of bravery, now of a stout heart." So much spake she, and furious dashed in the wide-open cavern ! He with no timorous steps keeps pace with his guide as she marches. O ye deities, whose is the empire of souls, and ye silent Spectres, and Chaos, and Phlegethon, realms wide hushed in the midnight, 265 BOOK VI. 109 Be it my right to relate what was heard; and, under your sanction, Mine be to reveal things merged in the depths of the earth and in darkness. Dimly, in lonesome night, they were wending along through the shadows. On through the vacuous mansions, and phantomy kingdoms of Pluto: Such by the glimmering moon-light, under its ghastly malignant 270 Glare, is a journey in forests, when Jove has the heavens Shrouded, and ebony night has abstracted their color from objects. Fronting the vestibule space, in the outermost purlieus of Orcus, Grief and vindictive Remorse have established their merciless couches; There, too, are pallid Diseases abiding,' and piteous Old-age, 275 Fear, and depravity tempting Famine, and squalid Privation: Frightful their forms to behold ! There Death, and Drudgery irksome Crouch, then Death's blood-relative. Sleep, and depravely alluring Lusts of the mind, and mortiferous War on the opposite threshold: There the Eumenides' steel-cased chambers, and riotous Discord, 280 Wreathing her vipery hair with the gory fillets of carnage. Right in the vestibule's centre an elm-tree shadowy, monstrous Stretches its branches and olden arms, which they tell us that vain dreams Hold as their roost, and under each leaf of its foliage nestle. Numerous monsters, moreover, of various beasts in the door-ways 285 Stand in their stalls, the Centaurs, and bi-formed Scylla, and hundred Handed Briarius; there, too, the hideous Hydra of Lerna, Horribly hissing; and, armed with her flames, the unsightly Chimera; Gorgons, and Harpies, and form of the three-bodied Gerygn spectre. Hereupon, quaking with sudden affrightment, ^neas his steel sword 290 Seizes, and offers its keen edge drawn, as they sally upon him; And did his sage companion not warn him that they are but thin ghosts, Bodiless flitting about in the hollow disguise of a phantom, He would in vain rush on them, and sever the shades with his sabre. Hence is the road which conducts to Tartarean Acheron's billows; 295 Here, all turbid with mire, and immense in its eddy, a whirlpool Surges, and all of its sand disembogues full into Cocytus. Charon, the horrible ferryman, guards these waters and currents, Frightful in squalor; upon whose chin a most plentiful, grizzly Beard is reposing unkempt, and in flame stand glaring his eye-balls: 300 Down by a knot from his shoulders is hanging a slovenly mantle: Shoves he his craft with a pole, and attends himself to the sails, too. And in his wherry ferruginous ferries the carcasses over. Elderly now, but lusty, and green is the deity's old age. Hither adown to the banks was the whole throng streamingly rushing, 305 no THE ^NEID. Matrons and men, and with life completed the bodies of noble Heroes, and boys, and girls unmarried, and youths who have been laid Out on the funeral pile before, and in presence of parents. Thick as the loosening leaves that fall by the early autumnal Frosts in the forests; or thick as the birds from the fathomless surges 310 Clustering flock to the land, when the chill of a rigorous winter Hurries them over the deep, and sends them to sunnier regions : There they were standing beseeching to cross o'er the channel the foremost, Stretching their hands toward the margin beyond with a pitiful longing; But now these, and now those is the grim-faced boatman receiving, 315 Whilst from the strand removed he is keeping the rest at a distance. Spake then .lEneas, for wondered he much, and was moved by the tumult: " Tell me," saith he, " O maiden, what meaneth this rush to the river ? What do the spirits desire ? or by what distinction are these here Leaving the margins, and sweeping with oars the tenebrious waters ?" 320 Then did the long-lived priestess responsive thus briefly address him: " Child by Anchises begotten, of gods an undoubted descendent. Thou dost the deep pools see of Cocytus, and Stygian quagmire, By whose divinity gods are afraid to swear and be faithless: All this throng which thou dost discern is forlorn and unburied: 325 That is the ferryman, Charon; those borne o'er the wave are sepultured: Nor is it granted him over the horrible banks, and the roaring Currents to ferry them, ere their remains have in sepulchres rested. Round these shores, for a hundred years, they wander and hover; Then they at length, when admitted, revisit these coveted waters." 330 Paused the Anchises-begotten, and silently slackened his footsteps, Pondering much, and he pitied in soul their unequal allotment. There he discovers dejected, and lacking funereal honors. Noble Leucaspis, and leader of Lycia's squadrons, Orontes, Whom together from Troja o'er waters tempestuous wafted, 335 South-winds whelmed, engulfing in water the ship and its heroes. Lo ! Palinurus, his pilot, himself was advancing to meet him. Who had of late on the Libyan voyage, while watching the planets, Off from the stern-deck pitched, outsprawled in the midst of the billows. Him, when he knew him, though scarcely demure in the thickening shadows, 340 Thus he abruptly addresses: " Ah ! which of the gods, Palinurus, Snatched thee from us, and plunged thee deep in the midst of the waters ? Tell me, I pray, for Apollo, who never before was fallacious Found, in this single response alone hath deluded my spirit. Who was descanting that thou shouldst be safe on the deep,and at length wouldst345 BOOK VI. Ill Come to Ausonia's confines. Is this, then, the faith that he plighted ?" But he : " Neither in sooth hath the tripod of Phoebus deceived thee. Son of Anchises our leader, nor yet hath a god in the waters Plunged me ; for wrenched by a terrible force I the helm, as it happened, To which I as watchman appointed was clinging and guiding our courses, 350 Dragged precipitous with me. I swear by the turbulent high seas, That for myself did there no such fearful solicitude seize me. As lest, stripped of equipments, and reft of her helmsman, the vessel Founder defenseless, when billows so awful were surging around her. Three wild wintry nights on the boundless expanse did the South- wind 355 Violent waft me in water, and scarcely I, e'en at the fourth dawn. Sighted Italia, high as I rose on the uppermost billows. Slowly I swam to the land, and already was reaching a refuge, Had not the barbarous nation, while still by my saturate garments Weighted, and clutching with claw-hands fast to the caps of the mountain, 360 Roughly attacked me, and ignorant deemed me an object of plunder. Surges now hold me, and wild winds whirl me about on the sand-beach : Wherefore, by heaven's enjoyable light, and its breathable breezes, O, by th)' sire I entreat, by the hopes of the rising liilus. Rescue me, O thou invincible one, from these tortures, and either 365 Heap on me earth, for thou canst, and revisit the Velian harbors. Or, if there be any way ; if the goddess who bore thee hath showed thee Any — for not, I am certain, without the deities' sanction Art thou essaying to sail on such streams, on the Stygian quagmire — Grant me thy right hand wretched, and bear me with thee o'er the billows, 370 That I at least in death may repose in agreeable quarters." Thus he had spoken, when thus in responding the seeress proceeded : " Whence this so unaccountable yearning of thine, Palinurus ? Wilt thou, unburied, on Stygian waters, and river relentless Gaze of Eumenides? Or to its margin unbidden adventure? 375 Cease thou to hope that the deities' fates can be changed by entreating, But take mindful these words, as a solace of grievous disaster ; For the contiguous nations, far and wide through their cities, Shall, by celestial prodigies moved, to thy bones an atonement Render, and rear thee a tomb, to thy tomb shall they annual honors 380 Pay, and the place shall retain the name Palinurus forever." So by these words were his troubles removed, and his grief for a little Checked in his sorrowful heart : he is pleased with a land of his own name. Therefore their journey begun they pursue, and approach to the river. Soon as the ferryman spies them, thence from the_Stygian billows, 385 I I 2 THE ^NEID. Coming through silent woods, and directing their steps to the margin, Thus in advance with commands he assails them, and challenges promptly : " Whosoever thou art, who armed art bound to our river. Quick say, why art thou come, now there, and slacken thy footsteps ; This is the region of shades and of sleep, and of slumberous midnight ; 390 Live men's bodies it is not allowed me to waft in my Stygian wherry. I was not pleased in the least that I here on the lake at his coming Welcomed Alcides, nor Theseus, yea and Pirithoiis likewise. Though they were sprung from the gods, and possessed an invisible power ; For with his hand he attacked the Tartarean sentry, and dragged him 395 Trembling in fetters away from the very throne of our sovereign, They e'en essayed from her chamber to carry the mistress of Pluto !" Briefly responding to these the Amphrysian seeress addressed him : " No such stratagems here, so abstain from excitable passion ; Nor do our weapons mean force : let the janitor huge, in his cavern 40c Barking eternally, frighten these bloodlessly shivering spectres ; Let, too, the chaste Proserpina keep in the home of her uncle. Trojan .^neas, for piety famous and famous in armor, Down to the nethermost shadows of Erebus goes to his father. If no ideal of such an example of piety moves thee, 405 Yet this bough — She discloses the bough concealed in her vesture — Surely thou knowest." Then settles his heart from its tumefied anger. Spake they no more than these ; but he, gazing in awe on the wondrous Boon of the fateful spriglet, beheld now after a long time. Turns his cerulean stern to the bank, and approaches the landing. 410 Thence he the other souls, that were seated along on the benches, Hustled, and, clearing the gangways, welcomes at once to his shallop Mighty ^neas. His seam-stitched skiff, weighed down by the burden. Groaned, and crevicy bilges a plentiful puddle of water. Safely at length he over the current the seeress and hero 415 Lands, in the horrible mire in sea-green sedge on the margin. These are the realms huge Cerberus makes to resound with his three-mouthed Barking, reclinmg enormous in bulk in the opposite cavern. Seeing his necks now just beginning to bristle with adders. Promptly the seeress a cake, soporific with honey and drugged fruits, 420 Flings him : he, opening widely his three throats rabid with hunger. Snatches the out-thrown sop, and relaxes his haunches enormous. Sprawled on the ground, and is stretched out huge in the whole of the cavern. Seizes ^neas the pass, and, the sentinel buried in slumber. Quickly escapes from the bank of the irreturnable billow. 425 BOOK VI. .113 Presently voices are heard as of crying, and loud was the wailing, Spirits of weeping babes in the outermost porch of the threshold, Whom, of their sweet life cheated and snatched from the breast, has a doleful Dark day taken away, and o'erwhelmed in a bitter removal. Near them were these unto death condemned on a flimsy indictment, 430 Yet not without an allottment or judge are their stations assigned them : Minos as arbiter shuffles the urn, and he summons a silent Court of the dead, and judicially learns of their lives and indictments. Then next places the sad ones hold, who have on them a death-doom Guilelessly brought by their own rash hands, and have, loathing the day-light, 435 Thrown their lives away ; but how willingly now in the upper Air they would bear destitution, and undergo rigorous hardships ; Justice debars, and the loathsome pool, with its hideous billow, Binds, and the Styx, nine times interveningly flowing, restricts them. Not far hence there are shown them, extending in every direction, 440 Plains of mourning, for so by a name distinctive they call them ; Here those, whom uncontrollable love has with cruel consumption Wasted, secluded retreats conceal, and a forest of myrtle Screens them around ; for not even in death do their troubles torsake them. In these localities Phaedra, and Procris, and sad Eriphyl^ 445 Showing the wounds of her murderous son, he descries, and Evadn^, Yea, and Pasiphae also, and with them, Laodamia Comes their attendant, and Caeneiis, young man once, but a woman Now, and again transformed by fate to his primitive figure. Mid them, fresh from her wound, the Phoenician Dido was roaming 450 Out in the limitless forest : as soon as the hero of Troja Stood near by her, and knew her, as seen through the darkening shadows Dimly, as one who sees on the first of the month, or who vaguely Thinks he has seen the moon through the clouds, he in swelling emotion Let fall tears, and in tones of tender affection addressed her : 455 " Ill-fated Dido, was then the intelligence true that had early Reached me, that thou wert no more, and had courted thy end with a sabre ? Was I, alas ! the cause of thy stabbing ? I swear by the planets, Nay, by Supernals, and Faith, if there any exists in the deep earth, Solemnly that I, O Queen, unwillingly quitted thy seaboard. 460 But the commands of the deities, which now force me to journey Down through these shadows, through places infested with mould and profoundest Night, by their orders compelled me : I could not believe I upon thee Brought such incredible sorrow as this by my hurried departure. Slacken thy pace, and withdraw not thyself from our sight as oftended: 465 114. THE yENEID. Whom art thou fleeing? for this is the last that by fate I address thee." By such words was ^neas essaying her fiery, and fiercely Glouring spirit to soothe, and was wakening tears of compassion. She was retaining her eyes fixed firm on the ground in aversion; No more moved is her face by the speech he attempted than if she 470 Stood unimpressible flint, or a crag of Marpesean marble. Off she has started at length, and disdainfully back to the shady Wood has precipitate fled, where Sychseus, her husband aforetime, Kindly responds to her cares, and reciprocates loving attachment. Nevertheless does .i^ineas, appalled by her grievous disaster, 475 Follow her weeping afar, and he pities her sore as she leaves him. Thence he continues the journey allowed; and anon they were reaching Farthermost fields, where secludedly gather the famous in warfare. Here runs up to him Tydeils; there the distinguished in armor Parthenopoeiis, and yonder the spectre of palid Adrastus: 480 Here by survivors the greatly bewept, and in battle the fallen Dardans of old, o'er whom he, beholding them all in a long line, Sighs, e'en Glaucus, and Mendon, Thersilochus, too, and the three brave Sons of Antenor, and sacred to Ceres her priest, Polyphoetes; Yea, and Idseiis to even his armor and chariot clinging. 485 Round him on right hand and left stand eagerly thronging the spirits : Once to have seen him suffices them not; it delights them to linger Long, and to walk by his side, and to learn the intent of his coming. Danaan nobles, however, the Agamemnonian cohorts. When they the man, and his glittering armor, beheld through the shadows, 490 Tremble with marvelous terror : part in their panic their backs turn ; Just as they formerly hied to their vessels : a part an enfeebled Utterance raise, the attempted vociferance bafiles the gapers. But he the offspring of Priam, Deiiphobus here, with his whole frame Brutally mangled, beholds, and his features, his cruelly haggled 495 Features, and both of his hands, and his temples despoiled of his severed Ears, and his nostrils gashed by an ignominious sword-cut. So that he hardly knew him in chringing and hiding his shameful Tortures from sight; and in well-known tones he abruptly accosts him : " Valiant Deiphobus, born from the blood exalted of Teucer, 500 Who hath desired to inflict such a barbarous punishment on thee ? Who was allowed such a tyranny over thee ? Rumor that last night Brought me the tidings that, wearied by slaughter immense of Pelasgi, Thou hadst sunk down slain on a heap of promiscuous carnage : Then I myself on the coast of Rhoeteiim reared thee an empty 505 BOOK VI. 115 Tomb, and I thrice in vociferous utterance called on thy spirit : Guarding the spot are thy name and thine armor; but, friend, I could neither See thee, nor lay thee departing to rest in the land of thy fathers." To which Priam's son : "Nothing, O friend, unto thee was remaining; All to Deiphobus, and to his shades in funereal service 510 Thou hast discharged; but my fates, and Lacaenean Helen's atrocious Crime in these woes have o'erwhelmed me : she these mementoes hath left me ; For how we, in the midst of delusive rejoicings, that last night Spent, thou hast known, and too well it must need have been kept in remembrance, When the calamitous horse, at a bound, over Pergamus beetling 515 Came, and pregnant a full-armed infantry bore in its belly. She simulating a dance, was the Bacchanal Phrygian women Leading around in their orgies, herself in their midst was a huge torch Swinging, and beckoning Danaans in from the heights of the castle. Then, all exhausted by cares, and encumbered by slumber, the ill-starred 520 Marital chamber possessed me, and lying a sweet and unbroken Quiet, the image of placid death, overcame me unconscious. Meanwhile my excellent spouse all armor removes from my mansions, Yea, and had even withdrawn from my head my reliable broad- sword : Into my home she invites Menelaiis, and opens the thresholds, 52.5 Hoping, forsooth, it would prove a magnificent gift to her lover, And that thus might be quenched the disgrace of her former offenses Why do I linger ? They burst in my room — the inciter of mischief, Coins' son as confederate also is added. Ye gods, on the Grecians Visit such deeds, if with pious lips I demand the requital 1 530 But, come, tell me in turn, what hap can have brought thee, a live man, Hitherward ? Comest thou wasted by wanderings hither of ocean .' Or by behest of the gods ? What fatality drives thee to visit Dismal and sunless abodes, the places of gloom and disorder ? " Mid these reciprocal speeches Aurora, in roseate state-car, 5 35 Now in aetherial circuit had passed the meridian zenith ; Yet they perchance had protracted thus all their allowable season. But his companion, the Sibyl, admonishing, briefly addressed him : " Night is advancing, ^neas : we fritter the hours in bemoaning. Here is the spot where diverges in either direction the highway; 540 This on the right leads down to the ramparts of powerful Pluto; This is our way to Elysium : but on the wicked the left hand Pains for offenses inflicts, and to impious Tartarus sends them." Answers Deiphobus : "Be not indignant, O generous priestess, I will depart, and the number complete, and return to the darkness. 545 Il6 THE ^NEID. Onward, our glory, on, and enjoy thy superior fortunes." Thus much spake he, and then at the word he reverted his footsteps. All of a sudden upglances .^neas, and under a cliff on the left hand Sees broad battlements loom, by a tripple enclosure surrounded, Which, with its torrent of flame, the Tartarean Phlegethon's rapid 550 River encircles, and hurls the reverberant rocks on its current. Fronting are ponderous portals, and columns of adamant solid — Such as no power of man, nor are even the dwellers in heaven Able to shatter with steel : there is standing a turret of iron Towering in air, and Tisiphon^, sitting begirt with a gory 555 Mantle, the vestibule night and day unslumbering watches. Groans are distincly heard from within, and resounding relentless Lashes : then clanking of iron as of prisoners dragging their fetters. Halted ^neas, and clung to the spot overawed by the uproar : " Tell me what species of crimes, O maiden, are these, or to what dire 560 Penalties are they subjected ? And what such a wail on the breezes ? " Then 'gan the seeress to speak thus : " Illustrious chief of the Teucrans, No one pure is permitted to tread on that criminal threshold : But when Hecate stationed me over the groves of Avernus, She herself taught me the deities' penalties, led me through all parts. 565 These most rigorous realms Rhadamanthus the Gnosian governs. Scourges and audits deceits, and confession extorts for whatever Crimes committed while living by any, who glad of a flimsy Shift has deferred till too late, till o'ertaken by death their atonement. Forthwith there the avenger Tisiphone, armed with a knot-whip 570 Lashes insulting the culprits, and, over them fierce in her left hand Brandishing serpents, invites in the merciless troop of her sisters. Then are the cursable portals at length, on their horrible hinges Gratingly thrown wide open. And dost thou discern what a warden. Sits in the vestibule ? What an appearance is guarding the threshold ! S75 See, with its fifty venemous mouths the anomalous Hydra Savager holds its seat within. Then Tartarus' own self Downward precipitous opens, and twice as far in the darkness Stretches, as upward the look to the airy Olympus of heaven. Here the original race of the earth, the Titanian hotspurs, 580 Down by a thunder-bolt stricken, are rolled on its nethermost bottom. Here I beheld Aloeus' twin-born sons, the enormous Giants, who rashly essayed with their hands to demolish the mighty Heaven, and thrust down Jupiter from his supernal dominions. Saw I Salmoneus also, enduring the cruelest torments, 585 BOOK VI. 117 While he is mimicking Jupiter flames, and the roar of Olympus. He, by his four steeds drawn, and waving his luminous flambeau, Was through the tribes of the Greeks, and his city the centre of Elis, Posting exultant, and claiming for self even deities' honors ; Fool ! to suppose he could imitate storms, and unmatchable thunder, 590 Simply by brazen car, and the tramp of his hornfooted chargers 1 But the omnipotent father in wrath, from the midst of the dense clouds, Thunderbolts hurled — no torches, no smoking flashes or pine-knots His — and dispatches him headlong down in a violent whirlwind. Here, too, Tityos, cherished by Terra the omniparental, 595 Was to be seen, whose body o'er nine whole acres extended Sprawls, while incessant with crooked beak an unmerciful vulture, Pecking his liver immortal and teeming for punishments, ransacks Greedy his vitals for viands, and roosts close under his inmost Breast, nor is ever a respite allowed the renewable fibres. 600 Why of the Lapitfa^'^ speak, of Ixion, Pirithoiis also. Over whom dark, just'slipping, just ready to tumble, a granite Hangs, as if it were falling ; the gilded feet of the lofty Festival-couches gleam, and before their faces are banquets, Furnished in regal profusion; while near them the eldest of furies 605 Squats, and forbids them to touch with their hands the delectable tables : Springs she up, lifting a torch, and aloud she her interdict thunders. Here are found those by whom brothers were hated while life was remaining, Or hath a parent been beaten, or fraud been attached to a client ; Or who have brooded alone o'er the wealth they have miserly hoarded, 610 And have apportioned no share to their kindred — a mighty assembly ! Those for adultery murdered, and those who have followed unhallowed [masters, Arms, nor have shrunk from disgracing the hands they had pledged to their Prisoned are waiting their doom : seek not to have taught thee minutely What is their doom, or what form, or fortune hath whelmed the offenders. 615 Some are a huge rock rolling, or stretched on the spokes of the wrack-wheels. Hanging in torture. There sits, and forever will sit, the unhappy Theseus ; Phlegyas also, the utterly wretched, is warning AH, and appealing to all in vociferous voice through the shadows : ■ "Learn ye uprightness, admonished by me, and the deities spurn not." 620 This one has bartered his country for gold, and a tyranous despot On it imposed, and by bribery framed and abolished its statutes ; That one invaded his daughter's bed in incestuous nuptials — All have dared, and achieved by their daring atrocious injustice. Not though a hundred tongues were mine, and though mine were a hundred 625 Il8 THE ^NEID. Mouths, and a iron voice, could I all the forms of their vices Canvass, and run through all of the names of their punative tortures." When these recitals the long-lived priestess of Phoebus has uttered : " But now come, take thy, way, and accomplish the service attempted ; Let us haste onward," she says, " I descry in the distance the ramparts 630 Wrought in the Cyclops' forge, and the gates in the opposite archway. Where our instructions imperitive bid us deposit our presents." So she had spoken, and side by side in the gloom of the highways Walking, they seize on the central space, and are Hearing the gateways : Then, as ^neas possesses the entrance, he sprinkles with fresh drawn 635 Water his body, and fixes the bough on the opposite threshold. These things finished at length, and the service performed to the goddess. Wended they on to the places of joy, and the charmingly verdent Bowers of the fortunate groves, and enchanted abodes of the blessed. Here does a freer atmosphere mantle the plains with its lustrous 640 Sheen, and a sun and stars of their own are its denizens owning. Part are exerting their limbs on the grassy gymnastic palaestra ; Cope they in sport, and in wrestling tug on the yellow arena : Part with their feet keep time in the dances, and melodies warble; Orpheus also, the Thracian priest, in his flowing apparel, 645 Voices responsive in numbers the heptachord measures of music ; Beats he them now with his fingers, and now with his ivory batton. Here is the primitive peerage of Teucer, a beautiful offspring ; Noble of heart are its heroes, and born in superior epochs, Ilus, Assaracus mid them, and Dardanus, founder of Troja. 650 Distant admires he the armor and chariots weird of the heroes : Firm in the ground stand planted their spears, and untethered their chargers Pasture at large on the plains. The pleasure which they in their life-time Had in their chariots and armor, the care they had taken in feeding Sleek-haired horses the same, though in earth reposing, attends them. 655 Lo ! still others beholds he to right and to left on the green- sod Feasting, and chanting in choral responses their poaons of triumph. There mid an odorous grove of laurel, from which to the upper World is the copious river Eridanus rolled through a forest. Here are the bands who have suffered by wounds in defending their country; 660 Here, too, are those who were virtuous priests whilst life was remaining. Those who were pious bards, and who spake things worthy of Phoebus, Or in its culture who life have adorned by their skillful inventions ; Those, too, who meriting well have made others remember them kindly — All of them have their temples encircled with niveous garlands, 665 BOOK VI. I ig Whom, as they crowded around her the Sibyl benignly accosted, Foremost of all, though, Musseiis, for him does the numerous concourse Hold in its midst, and look up as he towers with his shoulders above them : " Tell me, ye rapturous spirits, and thou the most noble of poets. Tell me what region, what spot is possessing Archises; for his sake 670 Solely we come, and have sailed over Erebus mystical rivers." Briefly accordingly thus did the hero return her an answer : " None has a definite home : we inhabit the shadowy woodlands. And on the marginal hillocks, and meadows refreshed by the streamlets. Dwell : but pass ye, if such at heart is the pleasure that brings you, 675 Over yon ridge, and I soon in a footpath easy will put you." Spake he, and took step marching before them and shows them the shining Plains from above: from thence they the uppermost summits are leaving. But far down in an evergreen vale was his father Anchises Pent-up souls, who were soon to depart co the light of supernals, 680 Scanning intensely absorbed, and recounting the while as it happenei-1, All the sum of his kindred, his much-loved future descendents, All the fates and the fortunes and traits and exploits of the heroes. When he beheld his ^neas just opposite over the grass-plots Wending, he eagerly stretched out both of his palms to receive him, 685 While tears streamed down off of his cheeks, and a voice from his lips fell : " Hast thou then come ? And hath for thy parent thy wonted devotion Conquered the difificult way ? Is it granted to gaze on thy features — Thine, my son — and to hear and return the familiar responses ? So was I tracing indeed, and in soul was forecasting the future, 690 Counting the seasons, nor hath my solicitous longing misled me. Wafted to what strange lands, through how many tempestuous waters Welcome T thee, my child, and tossed by what manifold perils ? How have I feared lest Libya's kingdoms some injury do thee." He however: " Thine image, my father, thy sorrowful image, 695 Often occurring, hath forced me to wend my way to these thresholds. Moored on Tyrrehenian brine are my fleets: O let me, my father. Let me thy right hand clasp, nor from our embraces withdraw thee." Thus he rehearsing was flooding his features with copious weeping: Thrice he attempted to throw his arms round the neck of his father ; 700 Thrice unavailingly grasped did the phantom escape from his clutches. Like the intangible wind, or resembling a fugitive slumber. Meanwhile ^neas beholds in a valley retired a secluded Grove, and a rustling copse, and meandering.by in the wild-woods, Leth6, the river, which flows in front of the peaceable mansions. 705 I20 THE ^NEID. Round this, innumerous nations and peoples were eagerly flitting ; Just as in meadows when bees, in the tranquil sereneness of summer. Settle on various flowers, and busy around the untarnished Lilies are swarmed, and the whole plain hums with the murmur incessant. Starts at the sudden appearance ^neas, and queries the causes, 710 Ignorant, asking inquisitive : " What are those rivulets yonder ! Who are the men that are crowding the banks in so mighty a column ? " Then quoth his father Anchises: " The spirits to whom by allotment Different bodies are due, at yon Lethean rivulet's wave are Waters of unconcern, and a long oblivion, quaffing. 715 These I am anxious indeed to rehearse thee and show thee in person ; Long have I thus desired to recount thee this line of my offspring, That thou the more may'st with me rejoice in Italia's finding. Father, and is it presumable certain spirits are going Hence to the heaven above, and again to return to their cumbrous 720 Bodies ? And why in the wretches such recreant longing for day-light ? " " I will myself explain it, my child, nor in doubt will I keep thee." So Anchises takes up and lays open each item in order. " First, then, know that a spirit the heaven and earth, and the liquid Plains, and the glittering orb of the moon, and Titanian planets 725 Nurtures within, and a mind permeating its members the whole mass Agitates subtly, and mingles itself with the wonderful system. Thence are the races of. men and of beasts, and the lives of the flying Fowls, and the monsters which ocean sustains 'neath its surface of marble. Deep in these seminal sources an igneous fire and celestial 730 Origin vest, so far as their cumbersome bodies retard not — Far as their earth-formed limbs and their moribund members benumb not. Hence do they fear and desire, they lament and rejoice, and they glance not Upward, shut up as they are in the gloom and the darkening dungeon. Nay, and when even their life in its ultimate glimmer has left them, 735 Yet does not every evil, nor every corporeal nuisance Wholly surcease from the wretches : there needs must internally many Long incrusted corruptions inhere in a marvelous manner : Hence they are subject to tortures, and suffer for former offences Penal endurances : Some are suspended exposed in the empty 740 Air, and from some is contracted iniquity deep in a mighty Whirlpool washen away, or is burnt out sheer in a hot fire. We each suffer our ghost-terms ; then through Elysium ample Onward are sent, and a few of us tenant the fields of the blissful, Till hath a long, long day, when the cycle of time is completed, 745 BOOK VI. 121 Freed the incrusted defilement, and leaves the asthereal essence Pure, and the fire elemental of uncontaminate aether. All these, when through the round of a thousand years they have circled, Deity summons in mighty array to the banks of the Lethean river. That they, forgetting the past forsooth, may revisit the upper 750 Vault once more, and begin to desire to return to their bodies." Spoke had Anchises, and side by side, he his son and the Sibyl, Leading along in the midst of the throngs and the murmuring concourse, Takes to a mound, from which he may all, in a lengthy procession, Scan, as they come to the front, and may study the looks of the comers. 755 " Come now, what glory hereafter shall follow Dardania's offspring, Those from Italian lineage who as descendents await thee. Eminent spirits, and destined to share the renown we inherit, I will distinctly unfold, and will teach thee the fates of the future. He whom thou seest — yon youth, who is leaning on merely a spear-haft, 760 Holds by allotment the places the nearest the light, and shall soonest Rise to setherial air with blood Italian mingled — Silvius, Alban the name, and thine own though a posthumous offspring. Whom thy consort Lavinia shall, but too late for thy old age. Bear unto thee in the forests, a prince and a parent of princes ; 765 Yea, and from him shall our race over Alba Longa be regnant. Next is yon Procas, the glory and pride of the nation of Troja, Capys and Numator also, and he who in name shall restore thee, Silvius ^neas, alike in devotion and armor distinguished. Should he the sovereignty ever assume o'er the city of Alba. 770 What fine youths ! And observe now heroic a force they exhibit. Though with civilian oak they are wearing their temples o'ershaded. These shall Momentum and Gabii found, and the city Fiddna; These shall the Collatine castles establish for thee on the mountains ; Yea, and Pemetii, Inuniis' camp, and Bola and Cora — 775 Such shall their names then be, but they now are localities nameless. But the Mavortian shall to his grandfather cling as attendant, Romulus, whom of Assaracan blood shall Ilia, his mother. Bear; and beholdest thou how on his forehead are standing the twin-crests ? How with his own high honor the sire of supernals now marks him ? 780 Lo ! 'neath his auspices, son, shall that notable Roma her empire Bound by the earth, and her aspirations of soul by Olympus, Yea, and though one, with a sevenfold wall shall encircle her castles, Blest in her offspring of heroes, as that Berecynthian mother. Who in her chariot tower-crowned rides through the Phrygian cities, 785 122 THE ^NEID. Proud of her issue of gods, and embracing her hundred descendents, All of them dwellers in heaven, all owners of mansions supernal ! Hitherward turn now both of thine eyes, and consider yon nation — Thine own Romans ! Lo, yonder is Caesar and all of lulus' Progeny destined to mount to the mighty zenith of heaven ! 790 He is the hero, e'en he, whom thou hearest so often assured thee — CiESAR Augustus, whose race is divine, who again shall establish Golden ages in Latium over the meadows aforetime Governed by Saturn, and even beyond Garamantes and Indies Carry his sway to the land that is lying outside of the planets, 795 Out of the paths of the year and the sun, where the sky-bearer. Atlas, Twirls on his shoulders the zenith bestudded with glittering star-orbs. In his eventual advent already the Caspian kingdoms Quail at the deities' ominous hints, and the land of Moeotis, Aye, and the trepidant mouths of the sevenfold Nilus are troubled. 800 Nay, not even Alcides hath traveled so much of the wide world. Though he the bronze-footed hind once pierced, or relieved Erymanthus' Groves of their terror, and made with his bow all Lerna to tremble ; Nor he who steadies his team with his vine-wreathed reins as a victor. Liber, in driving from Nysa's lofty summit his tigers. 805 Do we then doubt to extend our renown by heroic achievements ? Or is it fear that prohibits our settling Ausonia's mainland ? Who is that yonder, however, distinguished by branches of olive, Bearing the symbols of priesthood ? I know them — the features and hoary Chin of the Roman king, who by statutes shall found the primeval 810 City, though forth from the humble Cures, and destitute province Sent to the mighty empire. Then Tullus in turn shall succeed him. One, who shall break the repose of his country, and rouse his inactive Heroes to arms, and his regiments now unaccustomed to triumphs. After him, next in succession, shall follow vain-glorious Ancus, 813 Now, too, already enamored too much with the popular breezes. Dost thou desire to behold the Tarquinian kings, and the haughty Soul of avenger Brutus, and badges of office recovered ? He is the first who shall consular sway and the merciless axes Take, and a father himself shall his sons, when inciting rebellion, 8zo Summon to punishment due in behalf of a glorious freedom, Luckless ! and yet, however posterity rate these achievements, Love of his country, and yearning unbounded for praises shall conquer. Nay, but observe the Decii,Drusi, and yonder Tarquatus, Stern with his axe, and near him Camillus restoring the standards. 825 BOOK VI. 123 But those whom thou descernest refulgent in similar armor — Spirits accordant now. and while they are pressed in the midnight; Ah ! but what war shall between them be waged, if attaining the long-sought Glimmers of life, and what battles and slaughter they soon will occasion ! Sire-in-law down from his Alpine redoubts and Monoecian castles 830 Coming, and son-in-law furnished with Orient forces to meet him. Do not, my children, O do not accustom yourselves to such warfares. Nor on your country's vitals thus turn your invincible valor : Sooner refrain thou, thou who deducest thy race from Olympus ! Fling from thy hand the weapons, my own, own blood: — 835 Yon proud victor shall, after his triumph o'er Corinth, his war-car Drive to the lofty Capitol, famed for his slaughter of Grecians. Yon one shall devastate Argos, and raze Agamemnon's Mycenje ; Yea, and ^acides' self, and the race of the warring Achilles, Venging the fathers of Troja, and temples profaned of Minerva. 840 Who, great Cato, would leave thee, or thee, O Cossus in silence? Who would the peerage of Gracchus, or war's two thunder-bolts, twin-named Scipios, Libya's scourge, and Fabricius potential with little. Or yet thee, O Serranus, though sowing in furrow as farmer ? Where do ye hurry me weary, O Fabii ? Maximus art thou, 8453 Who, by thy masterly waiting alone, thou restorest us empire. Others the breathing bronzes will forge more deftly I doubt not ; Others in sculpture will life-like features educe from the marble; Others will causes more eloquent plead, and will heaven's recurrent Courses describe with a pointer, and tell of the rise of the planets ; 850. But thou, O Roman, remember to govern the tribes of thy Empire : These be thine arts to impose the conditions of peace on the conquered, Sparing the captives in war, and crushing the haughty in battle." Thus spake the father, Anchises, and adds to his wondering hearers : " Mark how Marcellus, distinguished by noblest spoils in his triumphs, 855 Marches, and how he as victor surpasses all heroes around him. He shall the Roman affairs, when disturbed by a mighty uprising. Settle, and mounted shall scatter the Funics and Gauls in rebellion, Yea, and shall hang up the third captured armor to father Quirinus." But here ^neas — for side by side with Marcellus he noticed 860 Walking a youth, superb in his figure, and glittering armor ; But his brow was uncheered, and his eyes were dejected in aspect. "Who, my father, is 'he who attends on the hero in going? Is he his son, or some one from his noble line of de;cendents ? What an array of attendants about him ! What majesty in him ! 865 124 THE ^NEID. But dark night flits round his head with its sorrowful shadows." Then did his father Anchises proceed, while the tears were up-welling : " O my begotten, enquire not the exquisite grief of thy kindred : Him shall the fates just show to the world, and no longer permit him Here to remain ; too mighty to you had the Roman succession 870 Seemed, ye supernals, if gifts so peculiar had lasted forever. What lamentations of heroes shall you plain post to the mighty City of Mavors ! Or, Tiber, what pageants of mourning shalt thou, too, Witness ere long, as thou close by the new made sepulchre glidest ! No such a youth from the Ilian nation shall ever his Latin 875 Ancestors lift to so hightened a hope, nor shall ever hereafter Romulus' land boast over another so cherished a darling ! Ah ! for thy piety ! Ah ! for the pristine faith, and the right hand Dauntless in war ! With impunity none could have dared to attack him, Meeting him when he was armed, or with infantry charging on foemen, 880 Or when digging his spurs in the flanks of his lathery war-horse. Ah ! lamentable boy ! If ever thou burstest thy hard fate. Thou shalt become a Marcellus ! Bring lilies in plentiful handfulls ; I will the flowers purpureal sttew, and the soul of mine offspring Load with the presents at least, and will render if only an empty 885 :Service !" And so all over the region they ramble together 'Out on the broad aerial plains, and investigate all things. After Anchises has guided his son through the separate objects ; When he has kindled his soul with an ardor for future distinction, Then he the wars that were yet to be waged to the hero rehearses ; 8go Shows the Laurentian tribes, and the city renowned of the Latins, Shows in what way to avoid, and in what to encounter each hardship. Twain are the portals of slumber ; of horn is the one, it is fabled, Through which is granted an easy departure for genume spectres : Bright is the other in lustre, in glistering ivory finished : 805 But by the latter the ghosts send fanciful visions to heaven. Then, when these words had been spoken, Anchises his son and the Sibyl Follows along, and dismisses them thence through the ivory portals. Cleaves he his way to the ships, and revisits his waiting companions Then, by the straight coast Ipears he away to the port of Cajeta : 9C0 Anchor is cast from the prow, and the sterns stand moored at the sea beach. BOOK VII. Embassy sent to Latinus, who offers his daughter in marriage; Tumus offended, the war is foreshadowed and forces are mustered. Thou, too, Cajeta, the nurse of ^neas, didst also in dying Honor eternal bequeath to our shores, and thy memory hovers Still o'er the place of thy reSt, and thy name in Hesperia mighty, If this glory be aught, yet signals the spot of thy ashes. But the pious ^neas, her obsequies duly attended, 5 After composing the mound of her tomb, and after the deep sea's Surface has calmed, on his voyage sets sail, and abandons the harbor. Freshen the breezes at night-fall, nor do the silvery moon-beams Hinder his courses, as shines 'neath the tremulous shimmer the ocean. -Skirt they along by the neighboring shores of the island of Circ6, 10 Near where the Sun's rich daughter her inaccessible thickets Makes to resound with the music of ceaseless song, and in splendid Mansions the odorous cedar enkindles for lights in the night-time. Running her delicate tissues through with her clattering shuttle. Hence are distinctly heard the moanings and ravings of lions, 15 Struggling against their fetters, and roaring till late in the midnight : Bristly boars, ' moreover, and bears in their hampering cages Savagely raging, and figures of great wolves angrily howling, Whom the unmerciful Circ^ had changed, by her magic of potent Herbs, from appearance of men to the visage and haunches of wild beasts. 20 Lest now the Trojans endure such portentous distortions. Should they be borne to her harbor, or land on her ominous sea-beach, Neptune has kindly inflated their sails with the favoring breezes, Giving escape, and has wafted them over the turbulant shallows. Now was the sea with the sunbeams blushing, and forth from profoundest 25 I2S 126 THE .ENEID. ^ther was saffron Aurora in roseate chariot gleaming, When have subsided the winds, and has every gale of a sudden Settled to rest, and the shorn oars labor on motionless marble : Then just here does ^neas descry from the deep an extensive Grove. Through the centre of this, in its lovely channel, the Tiber, 30 Whirling in rapid eddies, and yellow with plenteous quicksand, Rushes away to the ocean. Around and above it the various Wild-fowls, wont to desport on its banks and the lap of its current, Sweetly were charming the air with their warbles, and thronging the wild-wood. Bids he his comrades vary their course, and their prows to the mainland 35 Turn, and elated he enters the river embowered in shadows. Come now, Erato, and who where the kings, what the critical issues, What the condition of primitive Latium was, when the stranger Host first moored their adventurous fleets on Ausonia's borders, I will unfold, and recall the uprise of the earliest conflict. 40 Goddess, instruct thou thy bard : I will tell of the terrible battles Fought : I will tell of the onsets of monarchs in passion on slaughter Bent; of Tyrrhenian forces and all Hesperia marshalled Ready in armor. Grander before me the march of achievements : Grander the work I assume. The monarch Latinus, an old man 45 Now, was long in tranquility ruling his meadows and peaceable cities. We from the Laurenfcine nymph Marica and Faunus descended Deem him : the father of Faunus was Picus, who traces, O Saturn, Thee as his parent, for thou of his blood art the ultimate author. Son by the deities' fate he had none, and no masculine offspring 50 Left; for his son, as he grew; was removed in his earliest childhood : Only a daughter was keeping his house and his ample dominions. She now mature for a husband, and fully of age for her bridal. Many were wooing her out of imperial Latium; many Out of entire Ausonia : but of them all the superbest 55 Wooer was Turnus, from fathers and forefathers strong; and the royal Consort was yearning with wonderful love as a son to ally him: But the deities' portents by various terrors oppose it. Stood in the midst of his mansions a laurel in deepest seclusion; Sacred its locks, and protected with awe through many a long year, 60 Which, it was stated, that father Latinus himself, as discovered While he was founding his primitive castles, devoted to Phoebus, And on the colonists from it he settled the name of Laurentes. Dense on its uppermost summit have bees — a marvel to utter ! Over the vapory aether with buzzing tumultuous wafted, 65 BOOK VII. 127 Lighted, and there with feet interlacing the one with the other, Hung of a sudden suspended, a swarm from a foliaged branchlet. Forthwith a prophet exclaims : " Wfe descern in the omen a foreign Hero arrive, and a host from the same identical quarters, Seeking identical quarters, to rule in the heights of the castle ! ' 70 Further, the maiden Lavinia, too, as she kindled with holy- Torches the fires on the altars, was seen, as she stood at her father's Side — an unfortunate omen — to catch the fire in her flowing Tresses, and all of her head-dress seemed to consume in the crackling Flame, and ablaze were her regal ringlets, ablaze was her princely 75 Diadem, studded with jewels : then smoking she seemed in a yellow Glimmer involved, and through all the palace to scatter combustion. This was reputed a horrible thing, and a marvellous vision; For they predicted that she would herself be in fame and in fortune Eminent; but that it boded the people an ominous warfare. " 80 But by these prodigies anxious, the monarch to Faunus his fate-versed Father's oracle hies, and consults he the groves that are under Lofty Albunea, which, as the grandest of groves, with a sacred ^ Fountain resounds, and, o'ershaded, exhales a mephitical odor. ) Hence the Italian nations, and all the CEnotrian mainland ' 85 Seek it in doubts for responses: the priest, when he hither hath duly Brought his oblations, and, down on a pallet of skins of the slaughtered Sheep, in the silence of' midnight, lain and slumbers has courted. Sees full many a phantom flitting in marvellous manner Round him, and listens to various voices, and holds with the gods free 90 Converse, and Acheron's spectres bespeaks in the depths of Avernus. Here, then, was father Latinus himself, in his quest for responses. Slaughtering duly a hundred fleece-clad, two-year-old victims. And, on the,ir pelts and outspread fleeces supported, was lying, When an oracular voice of a sudden is up from the deep grove 95 Echo€3 : " Seek not to afiSance thy daughter in Latin espousals, O mine offspring, nor trust to the marital chamber in prospect: Sons-in-law foreign shall come, who shall lift our renown by their noble Blood to the stars, and from whose famed stock our descendents shall all things Under their feet, whatsoever the sun in his rising and setting 100 Gazes on either ocean, behold readjusted and governed." These responses, and warnings of Faunus, his father, in midnight Silence delivered, Latinus himself shuts not in his own mouth; ■ But already around through Ausonian cities had Rumor Fluttering carried it widely, when the Laomedon stalwarts 105 128 THE ^NEID. Cabled their fleet to the grass-grown mound on the bank of the Tiber. Meanwhile ^neas, his principal chieftains and comely lulus, Under a tall tree's branches, arrange for recruiting their bodies, Institute banquets, and spelt-wheat short-cakes over the green grass Thrust 'neath the viands — so Jupiter even himself was directing — no Yea, and they heap on this cereal trencher the fruits of the country. So when the rest was consumed, as it happened, a lack of provisions Forced them in hunger to eating the scanty remainder of Ceres, Aye, and with hands and presumptuous molars the disk of the fateful Crust to despoil, and to spare not even the quadrated short-cakes: 115 " Heigh-ho," liilus exclaims, " We are even consuming our tables ! " Saying no more in derision. That utterance, heard at the outset. Signaled the end of their toilings: his sire from the mouth of the speaker Caught it at once, and, appalled by the deity's oracle, checked him. Instantly, " Hail," he exclaims, " O land by the destinies due me ! 120 Hail, too, ye guardian home-gods, faithful and trusty of Troja ! This is our home, yea, this is our country ! My father Anchises, Now I distinctly remember, these secrets of destiny left me: ' When,' said he, ' hunger, my son, shall constrain thee, when wafted to unknown Shores, to consume thy tables, when viands thereon are exhausted, 125 Then remember to hope for homes, and though weary to plant there Primal abodes with thy hand, and entrench them around with a breastwork.' This was that hunger, and this was remaining our final endurance. Destined to set to our hazards a bound: — Wherefore bestir you, and glad, with the gleam of the earliest sunrise, 130 Let us these tracts, and what people inhabit them, where are the nation's Cities, examine, and search from the harbor in divers directions. Empty your goblets to Jupiter now, and invoke with entreaties Father Anchises, and place ye again the wines on the tables." Thus having spoken, at once with a green-leaved bough he his temples 135 Wreathes, and alike to the sprite of the place, and to Earth the primeval Source of the gods, and the nymphs, and the yet unidentified rivers, Prays; and he then as devoutly on Night, and on nightly uprising Stars, and Idsean Jove, and in turn on the Phrygian Mother, Calls, and, in heaven and Erebus dwelling, on each of his parents. 140 Here the omnipotent father auspiciously thrice from the deep sky Thundered, and flashing with beamings of light and gold he unfolded. Floating from sether, a cloud, with his own hand waving the signal. Hereat a ruirior is suddenly spreads through the Trojan batallions, That the day has come, when they may found their predestinate ramparts. 145 BOOK VII. 129 Eager renew they the feasts, and, tlate with the marvelous omen. Station they wine-crocks round, and the wines encircle with garlands. So when the next day rising was lighting the lands with its early Lamp, they in divers directions the city, and confines, and nation's Coasts reconnoitre: these are the pools of the fount of Numicus; 150 This is the river Tybris: here dwell the redoubtable Latins. Then does the son of Anchises order that, out of the whole list Chosen, a hundred ambassadors haste to the monarch Latinus' August ramparts, all veiled with the olive-branch symbol of Pallas, And bear gifts to the hero, and overture peace for the Teucrans. 155 Pause there is none: they are hasting as bidden, and riding at rapid Pace. He himself with a shallow trench is outlining the ramparts. Planning the spot, and aloof on the beach their incipient homesteads Girding with bastions and breastwork round, in the style of encampments. Now, having measured the way, were the warriors sighting the lofty 160 Turrets and roofs of the Latins, and nearing the walls of the city. Fronting the town there are boys, and youth in the bloom of their manhood, Drilling on horseback, and training their spans on the dusty arena; Or they are bending the well-tempered bows, or are handling the pliant Darts with their arms, or competing together in running and boxing: 165 When, borne on in advance on his steed, to the ears of the long-lived Monarch a courier carries the news, that in singular costume Nobles majestic have come. Within his courts he commands them Summoned, and takes his seat in the midst on the throne of his fathers. Stately the mansion, and grand with its hundred columns, sublimely 170 Stood on the heights of the city, the palace of Laurentine Picus, Shrouded in awe by the woods and religious regard of their parents. There to assume their sceptres, and lift their inaugural badges, Was to their monarchs an omen: this hall was to them as a temple: This was the seat of their festival banquets, and here were the fathers 175 Wont, with a sacrificed ram, to sit down at continuous tables; Here in a row were, moreover, the busts of their primitive grandsires, Carved out of antique cedar, Italus, and father Sabinus, Planter of vines, still holding his pruning-knife under his statue; Saturn the old-man, too, and the image of Janus the two-faced, 180 Were in the vestibule standing, and others — their kings from the outset: Those, too, who martial wounds have endured in defending their country: Many, moreover, the suits of armor that hang on the door-posts; Captured chariots, also, and curved-edged skirmishing-axes. Plumes for the head, and ponderous bolts that were taken from gateways, 185 130 THE ^NEID. Javelins, and bucklers, and beaks wrenched off from the enemy's vessels. There, too, was seated the trainer of steeds, with the staff of Quirinus, Girt with a scarf, and wearing a Salian shield on his left hand, Picus, whom Circe his paramour caught by libidinous passion, Struck by her golden wand, and, transformed by her magical poisons 190 Into a wood-pecker, fashioned and sprinkled with colors his pinions. Such was the deity's temple, within which enthroned on his father's Throne, in his mansions Latinus summoned before him the Teucrans : But when admitted, in calm tone, thus in advance he addressed them: "Tell me, Dardanians, for we are not of your city and nation 195 Ignorant ; heralded ye have directed your course on the waters — What do ye seek ? and what cause hath wafted your barks, and you needing What, o'er so many a dark blue shoal to Ausonia's seaboard ? Was it by losing your way, or as driven about by the tempests — Such are the many vicissitudes sailors endure on the deep sea — 200 That ye have entered the banks of our river and moored in our harbor ? Spurn not the welcome we give, nor ignore in aversion the Latins, People of Saturn, to equity bound by no fetter, nor statutes. But of their own will holding that ancient deity's customs. Yes, I remember — though growing obscurer with years is the story — 205 So the Auruncan old men tell it, that, sprung from these moorlands, Dardanus passed thence over to Phrygia's cities of Ida; On to the Thracian Samos, now Samothracia titled: Hence, up from his Tyrrhenian homestead at Corythus wafted, Now on a throne does the golden palace of stellary heaven 2 1 Greet him, and adds one more to the number of deities' altars." Thus had he spoke, and his words thus Ilioneus followed responsive: " Monarch, illustrious offspring of Faunus, no darkening wintry Storm hath constrained us, impelled by the billows, to enter your confines. Nor hath a star, nor a coast misled from the line of our voyage ; 215 We are all by design, and with willing souls to this city Brought, expelled from our realms, on which, from the farthest Olympus Coming, the sun was aforetime wont to look down as the grandest. Jove is the source of our race, and in Jove as their ancestor Dardan Warriors glory; our monarch, descended from Jupiter's Sovereign 2?o Peerage, the Trojan .iEneas,hath sent us himself to thy thresholds. What an o'erwhelming tempest, outpouring from ruthless Mycenae, Hurtled o'er Ida's plains, and by what fatalities driven, Europe's and Asia's respective continents rushed to the conflict, He hath heard it, whomever the farthest island asunder 225 BOOK VII. 131 Sets in the refluent ocean, whomever the zone of the scorching Sun, spread out in the midst of the four zones, separates from us. We, from that deluge borne over so many unlimited waters, Ask for the gods of our country a little retreat, and a seaboard Sheltered from harm, and a wave and an air that are open to all men. 230 We will become no disgrace to your realm, nor shall ever be lightly Counted your fame, nor shall gratitude cease for so noble an action. Nor shall Ausonians grieve that they Troja received to their bosom. I by the fates of .(Eneas do swear, and his powerful right hand — If there hath tested it any in faith or in war and in armor — 235 Many a people and many — disdain not because of our free will We in our hands are presenting but fillets or words of entreaty — Many a nation hath sought us, and wished to unite in alliance: But the fates of the gods have, by their imperious mandates, Forced us to journey in quest of your lands. Hence Dardanus issued; 240 Here he returns, and Apollo is urging, by weighty injunctions. To the Tyrrhenian Thybris, and sacred depths of the fount of Numicus. Further our monarch accords thee these presents, though small, of his former Fortune, the reliques recovered from burning Troja: libations Father Anchises was wont from this gold to pour out on the altars : 245 This was the vesture of Priam, assumed when he gave to the people, Solemnly summoned, the laws, and his sceptre and sacred tiara — Vestments the labor of Ilian matrons : — ' ' At such words of Ilioneus, downcast Latinus his features Holds in abstracted stare, and immovably clings to the posture, 250 Rolling intently his eyes. Not embroidered purple the monarch Moves, nor yet do the sceptres of Priam so potently move him. As he is musing in thought on the marriage and bed of his daughter. And in his bosom revolving the lot of the veteran Faunus: This is that son-in-law destined by fates to arrive from a foreign 255 Home, and beneath reciprocal auspices yet to be summoned Into our kingdoms: from him shall a progeny issue for valor Famous, and which by its vigor shall gain the control of the whole world. Joyous at length he exclaims: " May the gods our enterprise prosper Their own augury ! what thou entreatest, O Trojan, is granted: 260 Presents I spurn not. You never shall want, while Latinus is monarch, Richness of bountiful fields, nor the ample abundance of Troja. Let now ^neas himself, (if such is his cherishment of us. If he in friendship is eager to join and be welcomed as ally,) Come here in person, nor let him recoil from a friendly acquaintance. 265 132 THE ^NEID. Part of the peace shall be mine to have touched the band of your sovereign ; Ye in return now carry my mandates back to your monarch: I have a daughter, but whom to uiiite to a man of our nation Neither the lots from the shrine of my father, nor heaven's abundant Portents permit: there shall son-in-law come from extraneous seaboards — 270 This they descant as in waiting for Latium — who shall by issue Lift our renown to the stars: that this is the one whom the fates mean I both believe, and, if rightly my mind is presaging, desire it." Having thus spoken the father selects choice steeds from his whole stud; Glossily groomed in their gorgeous stables were standmg three hundred; ^75 Straightway he orders them led into line for all of the Teucrans, Wing-footed, decked with caparisons richly embroidered in purple; Golden the pendulous martmgales hang from the breasts of the prancers, Mantled with gold, in their teeth they are champing the yellowest gold bits; Forth he to absent .^Eneas a chariot sends and a matched span, 280 Bred from astherial stock, and breathing out fire from their nostrils, Bred from the breed of the steeds, which unknown to her father, the artful Circ6, as hybrids, had raised from a mare surreptitiously covered. Cheered by such gifts, and words of Latinus the happy .i4ineans, Mounted on horses, return, and report the success of the treaty. 285 But lo ! now was betaking her back to lanchian Argos Jupiter's petulent spouse, and on wafted was catching the breezes. When, in the distance, from aether, she haply the gladsome ALneans Spied, and Dardania's fleet from even Siculian Pachynus; [mainland, Sees them now building them homes, and now trusting themselves to the 290 Quittmg their vessels. She paused, transfixed with intensified anguish; Then she, shaking her head, pours forth these words from her bosom: "O the detestable stock, and the fates of the Phrygians thwarting Fates of our own ! and could they not sink on the plains of Sigeiim ? Could not the captives be captives ? And did not contemptable Troja 255 Cremate the men ? Through the midst of the frays, through the mass of the burning They have discovered a way. I suppose that my potencies prostrate Lie, then, exhausted at length, or that glutted with hate I have rested ! Nay, when they out of their country were flung, I, their foe, on the billows Dared to pursue, and as fugitives face them on every ocean. 300 Forces of heaven and earth have been futilely spent on the Teucrans. What did the Syrtes or Scylla, or what did unfathomed Charybdis Profit me ? They are ensconced in the coveted lap of the Tiber, Safe from the ocean and me ! Yes, Mars by his might could the savage Race of the Lapithae crush, and the father hmiself of immortals 305 BOOK VII. 133 Primitive Calydon yielded, forsooth, to the wrath of Diana; What so great was the Lapithae's crime, or what Calydon's treason ? But I, the mighty consort of Jove, who can desperate nothing Leave unattempted, and who have resorted to every appliance, Am by ^neas defeated ! And what if my potencies are not 310 Potent enough, I can doubt not to ask them wherever existing. I, if unable to manage supernals, will Acheron muster ! Grant that I am not allowed to debar him from Latin dominions. And that Lavinia changeless by destiny waits him as consort, Still I can hamper, and hindrances add to such odious issues; 315 Still I have leave to exterminate even the people of both kings ; So, then, let father and son-in-law league at the price of their subjects. Maiden, thou shalt by Rutulian blood, and by Trojan be dowered; Yea, and Bellona awaits thee as bridesmaid I Not solely Cisseis' Daughter, conceiving a torch, brought forth a connubial fire-brand. 320 Nay, and her own born offspring to Venus shall be but another Paris,and lurid shall gleam the recidivous Pergamus' torch lights ! " When she has spoken these words right wrathfully wended she earthward: Forth from the home of the terrible sisters, profound in infernal Darkness, she summons Allecto the fiend, to whose heart are a pleasure 325 Sorrowful wars, and resentments, and plots and nefarious mischiefs. Pluto her father hath hated, as have her Tartarean sisters Hated, the monster, she changes herself to so numerous features. Faces so savage are hers, and there bristles so many a black snake ! Juno in these words whets her for action, and thus she bespeaks her: 330 " Virgin daughter of Night, vouchsafe me this special achievement. This one service, lest shattered our honor or fame its position Have to surrender, and lest the j^ineans, by nuptial alliance. Get round monarch Latinus, and squat in Italia' s confines. Thine is the potence to arm in encounters unanimous brethren, 335 Thine to embroil in hostilities homes, and to bring into households Scourges and funeral torches: thy various names are a thousand. Thousand thy methods of mischief. Come shake thy proliferous bosom; Rupture the ratified treaty, and sow provocations of warfare: Arms let the warriors crave, and at once demand them and seize them." 340 Hereat Allecto, infected with rankest Gorgonian venoms. Straightway to Latium, and the Laurentian tyrant's imposing Mansions repairs, and in silence besieges the door of Amata, Whom, by the advent of Teucrans and nuptials prospective of Turnus, Womanly cares and resentments hotly was stewing to frenzy. 345 134 THE ^NEID. At her the goddess a snake from her darkly cerulean tresses Threw, and inserts it deep in her heart, in her innermost vitals, That she, enraged by the monster, in discord immingle the whole house : Close in between her vestments and delicate bosom, it gliding Crawls along by insensible touch, and beguiles her to fury, 350 Breathing its viperous spirit within : it becomes an entwisted Necklace, a huge gold adder ; becomes, too, a tie to her flowing Fillet, and knots up her ringlets, and slippery creeps o'er her members. Now while the primal infection, ingliding with moistening venom. Thrills through her senses, and secretly tingles her bones with the wild-fire, 355 Ere yet her soul has perceived the flame through the whole of her bosom. Gentler than wont, and in usual manner of mothers she spake out, Shedding many a tear o'er her child and the Phrygian nuptials : "Is our Lavinia given then, sire, to be led by the roving Teucrans ? Hast thou no pity for either thyself or thy offspring ? 360 None for her mother, whom doubtless the brigand, by earliest north-wind Seeking the deep with the kidnapped maiden, will basely abandon ? But does the Phrygian shepherd not penetrate thus Laced»mon ? Aye, and he Leda's Helen bore off to the cities of Troja ! What of thy solemn troth, and thy former regard for thy kindred ? 365 What of thy right hand plighted so oft to thy relative Turnus ? If there must need be a son-in-law sought from a race to the Latins Foreign, if this be settled, and Faunus thy parent's injunctions Hamper thee, every land, which free and distinct from our sceptres Lies, I consider as foreign, and so I believe that the gods mean. 370 Turnus indeed, were the earliest rise of his family searched out, Inachus claims, and Acricius, sires from the midst of Mycenae." When she, having in these words vainly attempted Latinus, Sees him withstand her, and when, too, the maddening bane of the serpent, Gliding down deep in her vitals insensibly wholly pervades her, 375 Then does she verily wretched, excited by ominous portents, Wildly infuriate rave through the whole extent of the city ; Just as a spinning top, which ofttimes under the twisted Whip, the boys in a spacious circle around in an open Courtyard lustily lash in their sport : by the lashes it driven 380 Whisks in its circular spaces ; above it unconscious the youthful Band stands spell-bound gazing, admiring the versatile boxwood ; Blows give impetus to it : no slower than it in her coursing She, through the midst of the cities and barbarous peoples, is hurried ; Nay, she away to the forests by feigned inspiration of Bacchus 385 BOOK VII. 135 Starting more infamous mischiefs, and. rousing more furious frenzy, Flits, and secretes her daughter afar on the foliaged mountains, That she may rob of her bridal the Teucrans, and hinder the torches, Frenziedly, " Evoe Bacchus, thou only art worthy the maiden," Shouting, " and truly for thee she assumes the voluptuous thyrsus; 390 Thee she parades in the dance, and for thee tends sacred her ringlets." Rumor is flitting, and ardor, the same in their bosoms by furies , Kindled, at once drives all the matrons to seek them new dwellings : They have quit homes, and resign their necks and hair to the breezes. Others, however, the welkin fill with their tremulous wailings, 395 As they the vine- wreathed spear-shafts carry enveloped in sheep-skins; She herself in their midst, in her fevor, a luminous pine-knot Waves, as she carrols the nuptial songs of her daughter and Turnus, Rolling her bloodshot glaring eyes, and she suddenly wildly Shrieks: " Whosoever you are, O listen ye Latian mothers, 400 If there remains in your pious souls for unhappy Amata Aught of esteem, if regard for the rights of a mother affect you. Loosen the ties of your hair, and engage ye with me in the orgies." Thus does Allecto in forest, and desolate haunts of the wild beasts, Hurry on hithei: and thither the queen by the goadings of Bacchus. 405 When she appeared to have whetted enough their incipient frenzies ; When she has ruined the counsels and house entire of Latinus, Quick the detestable goddess soars, on her ebony pinions. Up to the daring Rutulians' walls, to the city that Danae Once it is said, for the early Acrisian colonists founded, 410 Swift by the South-wind wafted. The place was of yore by the fathers Ardea called, and Ardea still is retaining its great name : But its fortune has gone. In his stately mansions was Turnus Here now taking his rest in the silence and gloom of the midnight. Meanwhile Allecto her savage appearance and limbs as a fury 415 Doflfs, and, transforming herself to the form of an elderly woman. Furrows her hideous forehead with wrinkles, and mantles her hoary Locks with a fillet, and wreathes it through with a sprig of the olive ; Calybl seems she, the handmaid of Juno, and priest of her temple. Then with these words presents she herself to the eyes of the young man : 420 " Turnus, and wilt thou inanely allow so many endeavors Dashed, and this sceptre of thine transferred to Dardanian settlers ? Monarch Latinus denies thee the marriage, ignoring thy blood-bought Dower, because an extraneous heir to the kingdom is wanted ? Go now, and offer thyself in derision to thankless exposures : 425 136 THE ^NEID. Go, and lay low the Tyrrhenian ranks, and in amity shelter the Latins. So then, this is the message, that while thou in quieted midniyht Liest almighty Saturnia openly bids me announce thee. Wherefore bestir, and thy warriors arm and prepare them to sally Eager in arms from the gates, and the Phrygian chiefs, who have squatted 430 Down by the beautiful river, to burn in their gorgeous galleys. August might ot celestials commands thee ! Let monarch Latinus, Should he not grant thee the marriage and deign to abide by his promise. Know, and at length make proof of the valor of Turnus in armor ! " Hereat the young man, scouting the seeress, in turn her advances 435 Orally answers : " The tidings of fleets on the wave of the Tiber, Lately inwafted, have not, as thou thinkest, escaped my attention ; Broach not to me such alarms. Be assured that imperial Juno Is not unmindful of us : — But old-age succumbing to dotage, and dead to the real, 440 Worries thee, mother, with profitless cares, and thee, though a seeress Mocks, mid the armor belonging to kings, with delusive forebodings : Thine is the charge to take care of the deities' statues and temples ; Wars and peace let men, by whom wars are conductable, manage." Forth does Allecto at such words flare into wrathful resentment: 445 But as she speaks quick trembling seizes the limbs of the young man ; Set were his eyes, so appallingly hisses the fury with hydras, Such is the terrible shape she assumes ; then whirling her flaming Glances she sternly repulsed him, though struggling and begging to utter More, and in wrath from her tresses erected a couple of serpents ! 450 Sounded her whip, as she this from her furious mouth superadded: " See me succumbing to dotage, whom old-age, dead to the real. Mocks, mid the armor belonging to kings, with delusive forebodings ! Look up at these ! I am here from the home of the pestilent sisters: Wars in my hand and havoc I bear ! — " 455 Thus having said, at the young man hurled she a brand, and, with lurid Light all smouldering, torches inserted down deep in his bosom. [joints Great was the shudder that startled his sleep: through his bones and his limb- Bursting trickled a clammy sweat from the whole of his body : Madly for armor he storms, seeks armor on couch and in mansions ; 460 Rampant his zest for the sabre, and arrant his frenzy for warfare. Vengeance transcendent ! even as when, with a furious crackling Blazing faggots are thrust 'neath the ribs of a simmering caldron ; Bubbles the liquors with heat, and the fuming waters within it Surges, and highly in frothy rivers is rioting over: 465 BOOK VII. 137 Now unrestrained is tne wave, and the dark steam flits on the breezes. Therefore he bids, as the truce has been sullied, his warrior chieftains March to the monarch Latinus, and orders that armor be furnished. Bids them protect Italia and banish the foe from her confines, Claiming that he is enough to encounter both Teucrans and Latins : 470 When he had issued these orders he called on the gods with oblations. Vie the Rutulians each in exhorting the other in armor; This one the splendid appearance and youth of their leader inspirits; That their ancestral kings ; that a right hand famed for achievements. While thus Turnus is filling Rutulians all with audacious 475 Spirits, Allecto is soaring, on Stygian wings, to the Teucrans, Watching with new machinations the spot, where, out on the sea-beach, Lovely liilus with snares, in the chase was pursuing the wild beasts; Here does the maid of Cocytus throw in the way of his grey-hounds Sudden distraction ; for she with an odor familiar their nostrils 480 Touches, that hotly they worry a deer, which became the primeval Cause of the troubles, and kindled the souls of the yeomen for warfare. There was a roebuck, portly, of exquisite figure and antlers. Which from the teats of its mother purloined, were the boys of Tyrrheiis Nursing, and father Tyrrheiis, whose charge was the care of the royal 485 Herds, and to whom was entrusted the keeping at large of the pastures. Trained to her bidding, their sister Sylvia often its antlers Wreathing with utmost care, would adorn them with delicate garlands ; Oft she would curry the beast, and would bathe it in crystalline waters. It, too, would, tamed by her hand and used to the board of its mistress, 490 Roam in the woods, and would back of its own accord to the well-known Threshold nightly return to its home, though late in the night-time: Strolling at distance, the hunter lulus' ravenous grey-hounds Started it up, as it chanced to have floated along on the river's Tide, and lay cooling its heat on the grassy lawn on its margin. 495 Yes, and Ascanius also, aglow with a zest for the splendid Prize, from his full-bent bow directed an arrow upon it : Nor did the deity suffer his hand to mistake, and the shot reed Went with a whiz through its belly, and on through its lower intestines. But for a refuge the wounded quadruped fled to the well-known 500 Mansions, and moaning retired to the stables, and there with its bleating. Gory, and like to a person imploring, was filling the whole house. Instantly sister Sylvia, beating her arms with her flat palms. Calls for asistance, and summons together the sinewy rustics. They — for the hideous hag lies hid in the hush of the forests — 505 138 THE jENEID. Suddenly make their appearance, one armed with a terrified firebrand ; One with a heavily knotted bludgeon, whatever each groping Found, his anger converts to a weapon. Tyrrheus a posse Summons as he, as it chanced, was an oak with his beetle and wedges Splitting in quarters, and panting, ferociously caught up a broad-axe. 51c But from her outlook the goddess, obtaining the moment for mischief, Hies to the towering roofs of the stables, and high from the top ridge Peals forth the shepherds alarum, and loud on her curviform horn-pipe Strains her Tartarean voice ; at which in an instant the whole wood Shook with the blast, and deeply resounded the depths of the forests. 5 1 3 Trivia's lake in the distance has heard it, and heard it the river Nar, with sulphureous waters white, and the founts of Velinus : Mothers the meanwhile tremblmgly pressed their babes to their bosoms. Verily then to the summons alert, where the terrible trumpet Sounded the signal, from every direction, grasping their weapons, 520 Rush the redoubtable- farmers ; and warriors also of Troja Stream forth out of their opened camps to Ascanius' rescue. They have arranged them for battle; no longer in rustic engagement Now is the warfare waged with hardened cudgels and charred stakes, But with the two-edged steel they decide it, and wide does the dismal 525 Harvest of drawn swords bristle, and brasses reflective Gleam in the sun, and away to the clouds uptoss the refulgence : Just as when billows begin with the first light breezes to whiten. Little by little the sea upheaves, and it higher its surges Lifts, till it rises to heaven in mass from its nethermost soundings. 530 Here in the forefront rank, by a whizzing arrow, the young man Almon, who eldest had been of the sons of Tyrrheus, is stricken Down, for the wounding shaft stuck fast in his throat, and the passage Closed of his gurgling voice, and with blood his attennate life choked. Many the corpses of heroes around, and the aged Galsesus, 535 Slain as he presses between them for peace, who alone was the noblest Once, and accounted the richest in all the Ausonian low-lands : Five were his flocks of bleating sheep, and five were his homeward Wending herds : with a hundred plows was he plowing his fallow. But while these on the plains by relentless Mars are enacted, 540 Having her promise made good, when in blood she at length has the warfare Steeped, and with funerals charged the initial encounter, the goddess Quits Hesperia soon, and, returned on the breezes of heaven, Thus in imperious tone speaks out as a victor to Juno : " Lo ! to thy liking a discord for ruful war is accomplished ; 545 BOOK VII. 139 Tell them they now may unite in alliance and ratify treaties, Since with Ausonian blood I have duly besprinkled the Teucrans ; Yea, and to these I will add, if assured of thy willing connivance: I to the battle by rumors will muster the neighboring cities, Aye, and will kindle their souls with a maddening passion for slaughter, 550 Round them to rally with aid, and will scatter the armor o'er grain-fields." Then responsively Juno : " Of terrors and fraud there is ample : Fixed are the causes of war ; it is battled with armor in close fight ; Fresh-shed blood has the first arms steeped, which an accident furnished : Such be the nuptials, and such the connubial union the noble 555 Offspring of Venus and monarch Latinus shall celebrate jointly. But for thyself to roam through the air of heaven too freely He, the father and sovereign of lofty Olympus, permits not. Out of these places ! If any emergence of service arises, I will myself rule." Such strict charge had Saturnia given : 56a, But uplifting his pinions, now hissing with serpents, the fury Hies to her home by Cocytus, forsaking the regions supernal. There is a spot in the midst of Italia's mountainous ranges. Noted of old and renowned in story on many a seaboard, Vale of Amsanctus ; the sombre side of a wood, with its dense-grown 565 Foliage hems it on every hand ; through its centre a roaring Torrent an echo flings to the rocks from its tortuous eddy : Here is a horrible cave, and the vents of the merciless Pluto Shown, and outbursting Acheron's mighty voraginous whirlpool Opens its pestilent jaws, within which hidden the Fury, 570 Hateful fiend, was relievmg both heaven and earth of her presence. Nevertheless in the meantime queen Saturnia puts her Finishing hand to the war. The number entire of the shepherds Rushes from battle to city, and back they are bringing the victims, Almon the warrior-boy, and the corpse of disfigured Galsesus, 575 And they implore the gods and adjure with entreaty Latinus. Turnus is there, and, amid criminations of slaughter and arson. Heightens their terror, alleging that Teucrans are called to the kingdom, Phrygian stock is admitted, and he is expelled from the threshold. Then they whose mothers, through trackless woods made frantic by Bacchus, 580 Bound in the Bacchanal dance — for of weight is the name of Amata — Mustered from every quarter, assemble and worry the war-god. Forthwith counter to omens, counter to deities' portents, All for ineffable war, through a baleful divinity clamor. Round the abodes of the monarch Latinus they eagerly cluster: 585 140 THE yENEID. He like a firmly immovable rock of the ocean withstands them — Yea, like a rock of the ocean, when mighty the shock of the breakers Coming upon it, while many a billow is howling around it. Holds to its base, and around it in vain do the crags and the foaming Ledges resound, and dashed on its sides is rebounded the seaweed. 590 When there is granted, however, no power of thwarting their blinded Scheme, and events at the beck of the merciless Juno are going, Often the father appealing to gods and the shadowy aether: " O we are wrecked by the fates," he exclaims, " we are riding the whirlwind ! Ye shall yourselves these penalties pay with your recreant life-blood, 595 O ye wretches ! And Turnus for shame ! There awaits thee an awful Doom, and too late thou with vows shalt the deities sue for assistance: For my repose is secured; it is just at the mouth of the harbor. But I am robbed of a peaceable death !" No more did he utter; Shut he himself m his homes, and abandoned the reins of the empire. 600 Custom it was in Hesperian Latium, which from that era Alba's cities have sacredly kept, and Rome the directress Now of the world still keeps, when they Mars first marshal in battles — Whether preparing to wage a calamitous war with the Getae, Or with Hyrcanian hordes, or Arabs, or march to the Indies, 605 Or to the Orient press, or recapture from Parthians standards — Twain are the portals of war — for such they distinctively term them — Held in religious awe, and, in dread of the merciless Mars, closed; Bar them a hundred brazen bolts, and iron's eternal Strength, nor is Janus, the sentinel, ever away from the threshold: 610 But, when a settled purpose of war is decreed by the fathers. Stately, and clad in the robe of Quirinus, and girded in Gabine Fashion, the consul himself unfastens these stridulous thresholds; He, too, summons to battle: then follows the rest of the young men. Whilst the brazen cornets are blaring in jarring accordance. 615 Then, by this custom, Latinus was solemnly bidden to publish War against the j^ineans, and open the ominous portals; But the father abstained from the touch, and turning abhorrent Shrank from the odious service, and buried himself in profound gloom. Then down-gliding from heaven, the queen of the gods with her own hand 620 Pushed in the lingering portals ; and turning unnoticed the hinges, Bursts wide open Saturnia war's steel-riveted door-posts. Flares unexcited Ausonia now, though immovable erewhile : Part are as infantry ready to march to the plains, and a part dash Dustily mounted on tall steeds; all are soliciting armor. 625 BOOK VII. 141 Others are scouring their burnished bucklers, and glittering javelins Greasy with tallow, and busily grinding their axes on grindstones: Joy they to carry the standards and listen to sounds of the trumpets. Five great cities accordingly, placing their anvils in posture, Forge new weapons, the mighty Atina, imperial Tibur, 630 ^dea, Crustumerium, and turret-sustaining Antemnse. Hollow they helmets protecting the head, and they wattle the wicker Bucklers with bosses of osier; while others are busily breastplates Moulding of brass, or greaves smooth-polished of pliable silver. Here is the honor of coulter and sickle succumbing, and here all 635 Love of the plow; they resmelt in the furnace the swords of their fathers; Bugles now sound, and, as signal of battle, is passing the watchword: This one trepidant snatches his helm from his dwellings, and that one Breaks in his snorting steeds, and with shield and with corselet of triple Gold is accoutred, and girt with his trusty sword for the onset. 640 Open, ye goddesses, Helicon now, and awaken my numbers; Tell me what monarchs engaged in the war, and what forces, attending Each one, crowded the plains: what heroes Italia just then Blossomed — a genial land — in what species of armor she glittered : For, ye goddesses, you can remember, and you can recount them, 645 Faint though the breezes of fame that to us are attenuate wafted. First to enlist in the war from Tyrrhenian shores is the doughty Chieftain Mezentius, spurner of gods, and he arms his battalion : Close by his side comes Lausus his son, than whom was no other Fairer, excepting the person indeed of Laurentian Turnus — 650 Lausus the trainer of horses, and champion hunter of wild beasts, Musters in vain from Agyla's city a thousand attendant Warriors; worthy was he, and had happier been in paternal Sway, had Mezentius never have been his accredited father. After these proudly his chariot, decked with the palm, and his winning 655 Steeds on the green sod shows Aventinus, the handsome by handsome Hercules sired; on his shield he the badge of his father emblazoned Wears, and a belt of a hundred snakes, and with serpents a hydra; Whom in the wood of the Aventine highlands Rhea, the priestess, Brought clandestinely forth at a birth to the shores of the daylight, 660 Woman with deity mated, when fresh from the Geryon's slaughter Tiryns' conquering hero has reached the Laurentian meadows. And in Tyrrhenium's stream hath bathed his Hiberian oxen. Javelins in hand, and murderous pikes they wear in their warfares. While they with tapering rapier fight and Sabellian poniard. 665 142 THE iENEID. Footman himself, and twirling the monstrous skin of a lion Rough with its terrible mane unkempt, and enrobed with its white teeth Over his head, he was entering thus the imperial mansions, Horrid, and round his shoulders had tied his Herculean mantle. Then do the notable twin- brothers leave their Tiburtian ramparts, 670 From whom the clan by distinction is called the Tiburtian brothers: Dauntless Catillus and Coras, the Argive warrior-chieftains. On they are borne to the fore-front rank mid the clustering weapons. On like a couple of cloud-born Centaurs, when down from the lofty Peak of a mountain they come, forsaking Homol^ and snow-capped 675 Orthys in rapid descent: before them in coming the mighty Forest gives way, and the underbrush yields with a terrible racket. Nor was now wanting the founder renowned of the city Praeneste, Who every age has believed was a monarch begotten by Vulcan, Born mid the herds of the field and found as a babe on the hearthstones, 680 Caeculus: widely collected a legion of yeomen attends him. Heroes who dwell in the lofty Praeneste, and those who on Gabine Juno's moorlands, and ice-bound Anio and Hermica's dewy Rocks by the rivers, and those whom the fertile Anagnia nurtures; Those, too, whom thou, O sire Amasenus: not all are accoutred, 685 Nor do their shields and their chariots rattle; a principal part sling Bullets of livid lead, and a ponion a couple of javelins Carry in hand ; on the head they as helmets a yellowish wolf-skin Have as a cap, and they planted the unshod soles of their left feet Firm, while an untanned rawhide moccasin covers the other. 6"o But Messapus, the trainer of steeds, a descendent of Neptune, Whom it is fated to no one with fire nor with sabre to prostrate, Suddenly summons to arms his immobilized tribes and battalions, Long unaccustomed to war, and unsheathes his blade from its scabbard. These have the Fescennine ranks, and the ranks of the Equi-Falisci ; 695 These have the ranks from Soract^'s heights and Flavinian moorlands, And from the mountain and lake of Ciminus, and groves of Capena. On they were marching in regular number, and singing their sovereign ; Just as at times the snow-white swans mid the watery mist-clouds, [long throats When they return from their pasturage homeward, and shrill through their 700 Trill their melodious measures; the rivers resound and the distant Marshes of Asia re-echo: — Nor would any one think that from line so extended were mingled Brass-armed regiments; but an aerial cloud of discordant Fowls from the fathomless surges was driven precipitous shoreward. 70S BOOK VII. 143 Lo ! from the primitive blood of the Sabines, Clausus a mighty Host comes leading, himself like a mighty host in appearance: Now known widely from whom is the Claudian clan and its peerage Scattered through Latium, since the dividing of Rome with the Sabines. With him the great Amiternian cohort and veteran knights come, 710 All of the band of Eretum and olive-producing Mutuscse: Those who the city Nomentum, and Rosean meads of Velinus; Those who the beetling cliffs of Tetrica, and mount of Severus; Those who inhabit Casperia, Foruli, and stream of Himella; Those, too, who drink of the Tiber and Fabaris; those whom the frozen 715 Nursia sent, and the squadrons of Horta, and Latin provincials; Those whom the Alia — name ill-omened — dividedly waters: Many they are as the waves that are rolled on the Libyan marble, When in the surges of winter is shrouded the raging Orion, Or as thick as the ears that are scorched by the sun in the early 720 Summer on Hermus' plains, or on Lycia's ripening grain fields: Rattle their bucklers, and trembles the earth 'neath the tread of their footsteps. Hence does Halaesus, the Agamemnonian foe of the Trojan Name, to his chariot harness his steeds, and to battle for Turnus Hurry a thousand ferocious peoples, who Massica's hillsides — 725 Grateful to Bacchus — upturn with their mattocks, and those from the lofty Hills, whom Auruncan sires, and the near Sidicinian lowlands Sent, and who Cales leave, and the yeomen along by the shallow River Volturnus, and side by side the Siticulan ruffian Horde, and the hordes of the Oscans. Tapering darts are their weapons; 730 But to attach these fast by a flexible strap is their custom; Shielding their left is a target, they have sickle-like sabres for fighting. Nor in our numbers, O CEbalus, shalt thou go wholly unmentioned, Whom by the nymph Sebethis Telon begat, it is stated. While he was Caprese holding, as realms of his fierce Teleboans, 735 Old as he was, but the son, no longer content with his father's Fields, was at that time even extensively pressing in bondage Tribes of Sarrastes, and flats which the Sarnus inundantly waters; Those, too, who Rufrse and Batulumhold, and the fields of Celemna; Those on whom look down the ramparts of apple-producing Abella, 740 Who are accustomed to hurl in a fashion Teutonic their lances: Bark stripped off of the oak for their heads are their only envelopes ; Glitter their bucklers of brass, and glitters their coppery broadsword. Thee, too, O Ufens, the mountainous Nersae hath sent to the battles, Ufens distinguished in fame, and renowned for felicitous armor. 745 144 THE ^NEID. Specially fierce is whose clan, by continual hunting in woodlands Trained, the ferocious ^quicolie, who on the ruggedest fallows All armed culture the earth, and it always delights them to bear off New-found spoils, and to live as rapacious marauders by plunder. Nay, and there came from the hardy Marruvian nation a high-priest 750 Who for a helmet was decked with a wreath of proliferous olive, Sent by his sovereign Archippus, the great and redoubtable Umbro, Who was the viperous brood, and the deeply respirable hydras Wont by his spells and his manipulations to lull into slumbers. Wont to attemper their wrath, and their bites to relieve by his treatment; 755 But he possessed no appliance to heal a Dardanian spear-point's Thrust, nor for wounds did somniferous incantations avail him. No, nor his herbs, howe'er carefully culled on the Marsian mountains: Thee have Anguitia's woodland, thee have the Fucinus' crystal Billow, and thee have the watery lakes wept: — 760 On to the war, too, was marching Hippolytus' beautiful offspring Virbius, whom his mother Aricia sent in his glory. Reared in Egeria's groves, in the region surrounding its humid Shores, where are standing the altars of rich and propitious Diana; For they in legend relate that Hippolytus, when by his step-dame's 765 Trick he had fallen, and his father's penalty paid by his life-blood. Torn into shreds by his terrified steeds, he again to beholding Planets setherial came, and to heaven's superior breezes. Called thence back by Paeonian herbs, and the love of Diana. Then the omnipotent father, indignant that any exempted 770 Mortal should rise to the light of life from the shadows infernal, Smote the PhcEbus-begotten inventor of such an unsanctioned Nostrum, and art, with a thunderbolt down to the Stygian billows. But kind Trivia safely Hippolytus hides in her secret Seats, and anon to the nymph and the woods of Egeria trusts him, 775 Where he alone in Italia' s forests unknown might his lifetime Spend, and where changing his name, he might Virbius be in his surname: Whence from the temple and sacred groves of Trivia horn-hoofed Steeds are excluded, because on the beach, by the watery monsters Frightened, they once both the youth and his chariot shattered to atoms. 780 None the less was his son his mettlesome steeds on the commons Training, and rushing in chariot eagerly on to the battles. Turnus himself, in the midst of his chieftains in person transcendent. Bustles, displaying his armor, and over them towers by a whole head; Crested with triple plumage his helmet aloft of Chimera 785 BOOK VII. 145 Flaunts, outbreathing ^tnean fires from her jaws and in aspect Seemingly raging the more, and fuming with frightfully lurid Flames but the fiercer, the cruder grew in their carnage the battles. Bossed was his burnished buckler in gold with the figure of 16 Standing with horns uplifted, and shaggy with bristles, a cow now, 790 Monstrous the theme ! and beside her the maiden's guardian, Argus, Yea, and her father Inachus pouring a stream from a carved urn. Clouds of accoutred infantry follow, and shielded battalions Densely are packed on the plains, the Argive troops, the Auruncan Squads, the Rutulian hordes, the Sicanian veteran rangers, 795 And the Sacranian ranks, and with painted shields the Labici; Those who, O Tiber, thy glades and the sacred shore of Numicus Furrow, the yeomanry, who the Rutulian hills with the plowshare Till, and the Circaean ridge, o'er whose grain fields Jupiter Anxur Rules, and Feronia, proud of her evergreen grove is protectress, 800 Where the dismal morasses of Satura lie, and the Ufens, Cold through its deep dells, searches its way and is buried in ocean. Came there besides these up from the Volscian nation Camilla, Leading her cavalry squadron, and blooming in brass her battalions. Warrior-queen, whose womanly hands were unused to Minerva's 805 Distaff and basket; but trained was the maiden instead to encounter Arduous battles, and rival the wind in the speed of her racing: She o'er the tops of the blades of the untouched harvest could lightly Skim, and not injure withal in careering the tenderest grain-heads; Or through the midst of the ocean upborne on the crests of the billows 810 Hold on her way, and not moisten her nimble soles in the surface. Every youngster from dwellings and fields poured forth to behold her; Crowds, too, of matrons admire her and eager look out as she passes. Gaping with spirits astonished, at how her imperial mantle Veils with its purple her delicate shoulders, and how, too, the buckle 815 Fastens her ringlets in gold, and how she her Lycian quiver Wears, and, with spear-head mounted, her pastoral truncheon of myrtle. BOOK VIII. Meanwhile JEneas repairs to Evander and forms an Alliance ; Venus, assisted by Vulcan, presents him invincible armor. When, from Laurentum's citadel, Turnus has signal of warfare] Hoisted, and cornets with hoarse-voiced blare have sounded the tocsin; When he has fretted his mettlesome chargers and rattled his armor, Straightway their souls are perturbed, and at once, with a trepidant tumult. Leagues all Latium firmly together, and wildly the youthful S Warriors bluster. The principal leaders, Messapus, and Ufens, Yea, and Mezentius spurner of gods, their forces on all sides Marshal, and strip of their tillers the extended Latian grainfields. Venulus also it sent to the mighty Diomede's city, Aid to entreat, and to tell of the Teucrans in Latium settling; lo Tell that ^neas has come with his fleet, and is bringing his conquered Homegods, how he is destined by fates, as he claims, to be sovereign; How, too, the numerous nations are banding themselves with the Dardan Chieftain, and how through Latium wide is increasing his prestige. What he designs by these projects, and what, too, if fortune befriends him, 15 He would expect as result of the fight, is to Diomede clearer Known than apparent to Turnus the monarch, or monarch Latinus. Such are the issues in Latium; which the Laomedon hero, All now seeing, heaves with a mighty tide of emotions: But he dispatches his hurrying soul now hither, now thither zo Speeds it in divers directions and whirls it incessant on all things: Just as a tremulous gleam from the sun, or the radiant moon-beam's Image at times, from the brim of a caldron of water reflected, Widely through all of the interval flits, and anon on the breezes Upward is vaulted, and flashingly strikes on the uppermost ceiling. 25 146 BOOK VIII. 147 Night was abroad, and o'er all lands slumber profound was possessing Wearied animal natures — the races of birds and of cattle — When on the bank of the river, and under the vault of the cold sky Father ^neas, disturbed in his breast by the ominous warfare, Laid him adown, and allowed a belated repose in his members. 30 Lo ! Tiberinus himself, the god of the place, from the charming Stream, as an old man seemed to arise in the midst of the poplar Thicket: a delicate linen was screening his form with a sea-green Veil, and a shadowy cane-brake shrouding his locks as a garland. Then he thus seemed to accost him, and soothe his distress in these words: 35 " O thou born of the peerage of gods, who the city of Troja Bringest us back from the foemen, and Pergamus keepest forever. Long by the glebe of Laurentum, and Latian meadows expected, Here is thy permanent home — nor forego it — thy permanent homegods; Be not alarmed by the menace of war: all swelling and anger 40 Now of the gods have surceased: — Soon shall be — lest thou imagine a dream is depicting these fancies — Under the marginal hollies discovered reposing a huge sow. Having but recently brought forth thirty head at a litter. White on the ground reclining, and round her udder her white pigs. 45 That is the site of thy city, the permanent rest of thy labors- There, when thrice ten years shall have passed, shall Ascanius peaceful Found him a city renowed by the notable title of Alba. Chant I no doubtful events: now listen and I will instruct thee Briefly how to accomplish successfully what is before thee. 50 On these shores the Arcadians, sprung as an issue from Pallas, Those who are monarch Evander's attendants — who followed his standards — Site have selected of old, and a city laid out in the mountains. Named from the name of their forefather Pallas of old Pallanteum. These with the Latin nation are waging perpetual warfare; 55 These in alliance admit to thy camps and unite them in treaties: I will myself by my banks and the course of my channel conduct thee, So as to stem by thine oars upwafted the opposite current. Rise now, O goddess-born, and as soon as the stars are declining. Solemnly offer to Juno thy prayers, and her anger and threatenings 60 Conquer by suppliant vows. To me thou as victor shalt honor Render; for I am the stream that thou seest in plenteous current Sweeping its banks and dividing luxuriant acres of tillage. Dark-blue Thybris, to heaven a most delectable river: Here there a grand home, the head of imperial cities, awaits thee." 65 148 THE ^NEID. So spake the deified stream, and then buried himself in the deep lake, Seeking the bottom. Night with its slumber has quitted ^neas: Rises he viewing the Orient's gleams of aetherial sun-light Dawning, and due in his hollowed palms he the wave of the current Lifts, and unfeignedly pours forth to sether expressions of this sort: 70 " Nymphs, ye Laurentian nymphs, from whom is the rise of the rivers. Thou, too, O father Thybris, do thou on thy consecrate current, Welcome .^neas, and rid him at last of his hazardous perils, So in what fountain soever thy lake, in condoling our trials, Holds thee, and out of what soil soever thou gracefully gushest, 75 E'er by my homage, and e'er by my offerings thou shall be honored, Horn-crowned River, the monarch supreme of Hesperia's waters; Only be present and nearer confirm thy divinity to me." So he recounts, and selects from his squadron a couple of galleys. Rigs them with oars, and his comrades at once he accoutres with armor. 80 But of a sudden, behold ! to their eyes a remarkable portent ! Bright through the forest, in color the same as her litter of white pigs Couched, lay a sow, and there she is seen on the emerald grass-bank; Pious ^neas to thee, yes to thee, great Juno devotes her Bringing oblations and stations her there with her group at the altar. 85 All that night, as long as it lasted, the Thybris its swelling Current abated, and refluent steady, with ripple so silent Stood, that it smooth in the style of a pool, or a quieted mill-pond. Spread for its waters a level, that effort in rowing be needless. Hence on the journey attempted they speed with a favoring murmur: 90 Glides on over the shallows the unctuous pine, and the ripples Wonder, and wonders the thicket unwonted afar at the flashing Shields of the men and the gorgeous keels, as they float on the river. Meanwhile weary they out a night and a day in their rowing; Pass they the channel's circuitous bends, and are screened by the divers 95 Trees, and asunder the green woods cleave on the tranquilired waters. Fiery the sun had upclimbed the meridian orbit of heaven. When they behold in the distance the walls, and the castle, and scattered Roofs of the houses, which Roman authority now has exalted Even to heaven, then poor the estate that Evander was owning: 100 Shoreward they quickly are turning their prows and are nearing the city. On that day,. as it chanced, the Arcadian king was performing Annual rites to the gods, to Amphitryon's mighty descendent,. Out in a grove in front of the town: his son Pallas was with him. With him were all the chiefs of his troops, and his indigent Senate, 105 BOOK VIII. 149 Offering incense, and warm was still reeking the gore at the altars. Soon as they sighted the tall-rigged barks through the midst of the shaded Grove upgliding, and mariners noiselessly bending in rowing, They at the sudden appearance are startled, and leaving their tables All in a body upstart, when Pallas undaunted forbids them no Marring the service, and hies, with his upsnatched weapon, to meet them. And from a mound at a distance: " Soldiers, what cause has constrained you Journeys unknown to attempt, and whither," says he, "are you gomg ? What is your nation, your home ? Is it peace or arms that you bring us ?" Then from his lofty stern thus discourses the father ^neas, 115 While in his hand he exhibits a branch of the peaceable olive: " Natives of Troja thou seest, and weapons at war with the Latuis, Those whom by insolent war they have banished as wandering outcasts, Seek we Evander, report him this message and tell him that chosen Dardan commanders have come entreating alliance in warfare." 120 Pallas, at mention of name so distinguished, was awed and astounded. " Land, whosoever thou art," he exclaims, " and in personal presence Speak to my parent, and come ye, though strangers, as guests of our home-gods." Welcomes he him with his hand, and grasping he clings to his right hand; Onward proceeding they enter the grove and abandon the river. 125 Then in these friendly expressions yEneas addresses the monarch: " Noblest of Grecian descendents, whom Fortune hath willed that I humbly Sue, and before whom wave the branches bedecked with a fillet, I have not shrunk because thou Arcadian and leader of Danai Wert, and because from thy stock with the twin-born Atrides connected; 130 But It IS mine own worth, and the deities' oracles holy. Yes, and our kindred fathers, and thine own fame through the wide world Spread, that have joined me to thee, and made me by destiny willing. Dardanus, father and founder primeval of Ilium's city, Sprung, as the Grecians relate, from Electra the daughter of Atlas, 135 Over IS borne to the Teucrans: Atlas engendered Electra — Atlas the mighty who props the sethereal orbs on his shoulder. Your forefather is Mercury, whom the immaculate Maia Brought into being, conceived on the glacial top of Cyllene; But, if in aught we accredit traditions. Atlas engendered 140 Maia, the self-same Atlas, who poises the planets of heaven: Thus the descent of us both divergently branches from one blood. Trusting to these I have not by ambassadors sued, nor by prior Tentative agencies plied thee; but I, even I have presented Mine own head, and have hither as suppliant come to thy thresholds. 145 150 THE yENEID. That same Daunian nation, which thee by a merciless warfare Persecutes; if they expel us, imagine that nothing prevents them Bringing the whole of Hesperia under their sovereign dominion; Yea, and their holding the sea which washes above and below them. Take and reciprocate faith: with us there are bosoms in battle 150 Brave, there are spirits and warriors proven by noble achievements." Spake had .(Eneas: Evanderthe mouth and the eyes of the speaker Mutely was scanning awhile, and with keen glance all of his body; Then he thus briefly responds: " I how willing, O bravest of Teucrans, Welcome and recognize thee; I recall, how distinctly, the very 155 Words and the voice and the looks of thy parent, the mighty Anchises; For I remember that Priam, Laomedon's son, in his seeking Salamis once on a trip to his sister Hesione's kingdoms, Afterwards visited also, Arcadia's glacial confines. Freshly was youth then vesting my cheeks with its early florescence; 160 I was admiring the Teucran commanders, admiring the noble Son of Laomedon; but more stately than all was Anchises Marching. In juvenile ardor my mind was aglow to accost the Hero, and hand to unite with hand in expression of friendship: Him I approached and delighted led up to the Phenean ramparts. 165 He in departing an elegant quiver and Lycian arrows Gave me, and, mantle inwoven with gold, and a couple of bridles Mounted with gold, which Pallas my son has now as an heir-loom. Therefore, and, what you request, is my right hand joined in alliance; Yea, and as soon as to earth is returning the light of the morrow, 170 I will dismiss you with aid and supply you with ample resources. Meanwhile, since ye have come as our friends up hither, these yearly Services, which it were wrong to defer, come celebrate gladsome With us, and get you accustomed at once to the board of your allies." When these words have been spoken, he orders replaced the uplifted 175 Viands and cups, and the men he arranges himself on a grass-seat; While he withal to a sofa and skin of the shaggiest lion Welcomes yEneas, and e'en to his throne of maple invites him. Then in their rivalry choice young men and the priest of the altar Bring in the roasted flesh of the bullocks, and heap on the baskets 180 Bounties of laborate Ceres, and serve out potions to Bacchus. Banquets .-Eneas, and with him his Trojan warrior-stalwarts There on a barbacued chine of beef and the ritual harslets. After their hunger was cloyed, and their appetite sated in eating, Monarch Evander remarks: " On us these solemnities yearly — 185 BOOK VIII. 151 These ceremonial feasts and this altar of patron so mighty — No absurd superstition, and none ignoring our ancient Gods hath imposed; but we rescued, my Trojan guest, from appalling Perils observe them, and we are renewing the merited honors. Now just glance at yon cliff overhanging the rocks on the hillside; 190 See how the masses are strewn far round, how deserted yon mountain Home there stands, and the crags have dragged down marvellous ruin. Formerly there was the cave, in profoundest seclusion secreted. Which the detestable shape of the half-man Cacus was holding. Inaccessible quite to the sunbeams: its floor was forever 195 Reeking with recent slaughter and proudly affixed to its door-posts Men's cadaverous faces were hanging in ghastly corruption. Vulcan was sire to this monster, and his were moreover the lurid Fires that belched from his mouth, as he strutted in stature enormous. After a while time brought us, so earnestly longing to gain it, 200 Aid and the advent indeed of a god ; for a mighty avenger. Proud of the tri-born Geryon's slaughter and plunder, Alcides Made his appearance, and hither as victor was driving his portly Bulls, and his cattle were grazingly holding the valley and river: But the mind of Cacus was frenzied by furies that nothing 205 Either of crime or of craft be left undared or attempted. Out of their stables he stealthily drove four bullocks of matchless Size, and as numerous heifers of exquisite symmetry with them: But that there he no footprints made in a forward direction, These dragged off to his cave by the tail, and purloined with the way-marks 210 Thither reversed, he was hiding away in his cavernous rock-den: No indications were guiding a searcher the way to his cavern. Meanwhile when now Amphitryon's son was removing his full-fed Herds from the stables and getting them ready to make his departure, Lo ! as the cattle were leaving, they bellowed, and all of the woodland 215 Filled with their plaints, and the hills were forsaken with uproar, One of the cattle returned a response, and down in the vast cave Lowed, and, though carefully guarded, defeated the purpose of Cacus. Hereat had verily flared into fury the wrath of Alcides, Venomed with gall. He seizes his armor in hand and his oak-club 220 Loaded with knots, and repairs to the airy heights of the mountain. Then for the first did our people see Cacus alarmed and betraying Fear in his eyes; but he instantly fled away swifter than East-wind, Seeking his cave, his alarm added wings to his feet in his panic. When he has shut himself in, and by wrenching the chains had a huge rock 225 152 THE ^NEID. Dropped down, which from a staple was there by the art of his father Hanging, and fast by this barrier stayed, hath blockaded the door-pjsts, Lo ! the Tirynthian fuming in spirits was present, and searching Every approach, he was hither and thither presenting his visage Gritting his teeth. Thrice, boiling with anger, he narrowly searches 230 All the Aventine mountain; he thrice the granitical thresholds Tries unavailing, and thrice he exhausted retires to the valley. There was standing a sharp flint rock, with its ledges on all sides Steep, on the back of the cave uprising in loftiest aspect. Forming a fitting resort for the nests of detestable wild-fowls: 235 This as it prone from the ridge on the left toward the river was leaning. Pushing against it amain on the right, he shook and detached it. Torn from its nethermost roots; then all of a sudden he heaved it Off, with the crash of its heaval the boundless firmament thunders; Startle asunder the banks, and back flows the terrified river. 240 But the enormous cave and detected palace of Cacus Glared into view, and thoroughly opened his shadowy caverns: Just as if earth, by some mighty upheaval, should down to its centre Yawning unbar the infernal abodes, and uncover the ghastly Realms, detested of gods, and the bottomless pit were distinctly 245 Seen, and the ghosts by the in-let light were in trepidant terror. Therefore arrested in light unexpected, and shut of a sudden Fast in his cavernous rock, and though never so lustily bawling, Down from above with his weapons Alcides assails him, and r.rmor Summons of all sorts, and pelts him with billets and ponderous mill-stone? 250 He, however, for now there was no escape from his peril. Out of his jaws a prodigious smoke — a marvel to utter ! Belches and shrouds with its volume his haunt in bewildering blackness. Robbing the eyes of a prospect, and down in his cavern amasses Densely fumiferous night, and fire immingled with darkness. 255 Wrathful Alcides endured it not, and he right through the hot fire Headlong plunged at a bound, where the smoke is its billows the thickest Driving, and dismal the monstrous cave is surging with vapor. Here in the darkness he Cacus, his fires unavailingly belching, Grapples, and grasped in a knot-like grip he throttles him, holding 260 On till his eye-balls start, and his throat is drained of its life-blood. Forthwith wide is thrown open the dismal den, with its door-ways Wrenched, and the stolen cattle and forsworn plunder are straightway Shown to the sky, and forth by the feet is the hideous carcass Dragged: Our hearts are unable indeed to be sated with gazing 265 BOOK VIII. 153 Now on the terrible eyes, and the visage, and breasts of the half-beast Shaggy with bristles, and fires in his jaws now extinguished forever. Homage from that time on has been paid, and in joy have descendants Kept up the day, and Potitius, who was its primitive founder. Though the Pinarian house is the warden of Hercules' worship, 270 Stationed this altar here in the grove, which is always regarded Greatest by us, and always shall be thus regarded the greatest. Wherefore, O warriors, come, in discharge of such laudable service. Circle your locks with a garland and goblets extend in your right hands, Call on the common god, and the wines right cheerily offer." 275 So spake he, while with Herculean shadow a bicolored poplar Mantled his locks, and inwoven with leaves in its drapery pendent Hung, and a consecrate chalice his right hand filled. They at once all Pour out libations elate on the table, and -deities worship. Meanwhile the evening star draws nearer the slope of Olympus: 280 Now, too, were priests and foremost among them Potitius marching. Vestured in skins, in accordance with custom, and carrying torch-lights. Spread they the banquets anew, and provide for the second-set tables Savory presents, and cumber with well-filled salvers the altars. Then are in waiting the Salians, round the high altars of incense, 285 Ready for chanting, with temples encircled with garlands of poplar: This is the chorus of young men, that of the old who in song are Caroling Hercules' fame and achievements — how he aforetime Strangled by hand his step-mother's monsters by choking the twin-born Serpents, and how he in warfare o'erthrew the illustrious cities, 290 Troja the great and Oichalia; how he a thousand oppressive Tasks, 'neaththe monarch Eurystheus and fates of iniquitous Juno, Suffered: " Invincible champion, thou by thy prowess the cloud-born Mongrels, the Centaurs, Hylaeiis and Pholus didst slay, and the Cretan Wonders, and, under the cliff of Nemsea, the marvellous lion. 295 Trembled before thee the Stygian lakes, and the warden of Orcus, Crouching at ease o'er his half-gnawed bones in his sanious cavern; Thee no shapes could appall, not even the giant Typhoeiis, Waving his armor aloft: nor as one bereft of his reason, Did with its cluster of heads the Lernsean hydra surround thee. 300 Hail thou undoubted descendent of Jove, and to gods an appended Glory ! With stateliest steppings both us and thy services honor ! " Such are the songs that they chant in his praise, and the cavern of Cacus Add above all, and even his breathing out flames of defiance: Rings with the racket each grove, and the hillocks reverberant echo. 305 154 THE ^NEID. Then do they all, when the hallowed solemnities duly were ended, Back to the city betake them : the king was, though cumbered with old age, Marching and, having his son and ^neas beside him as escort. Walking along and relieving the journey by various converse. Wonders ^Eneas, as lightly he glances his eyes over all things 310 Round, and is charmed with the places he sees, and inquires and delighted Listens to every minute reminiscence of primitive heroes. Then said the monarch Evander, the Roman citidel's founder: " Once these groves were the Fauns and Nymphs indigenous holding. Yea, and a class of men that had sprung from trunks and the stubborn 315 Oak, who had neither refinement, nor culture, and knew not to yoke up Oxen, nor garner their stores, nor to save the provisions of nature, But they subsisted on browse, and the meagre resources of hunting. First came Saturn down from aetherial realms of Olympus, Fleeing from Jupiter's armor, an exile deprived of his kingdoms. 320 He hath the race, unsubdued and dispersed on the loftiest mountains. Settled and furnished with laws, and he wished that the land be entitled Latium, since he in latency safe in these borders had tarried. Under that sovereign existed what they extol as the golden Ages. He thus was in peaceful tranquillity ruling the peoples, 325 Till a depraved and degenerate era by little and little Dawned, and a frenzy for battle and lust for possessing succeeded. Then came in the Ausonian hordes, and Sicanian nations. Aye, and full oft the Saturnian land its name hath discarded: Monarchs then rose, and, in stature colossal, redoubtable Thybris, 330 From whose name the Italians since have our river the Thybris Termed, and so primitive Albula lost its appropriate title. Me, from my country expelled, and pursuing the bounds of the ocean, Hath an omnipotent Fortune and unevadable Fate here Placed in these realms, and have driven me hither my mother's tremendous 335 Warnings, the nymph Carmentis, and deity patron Apollo." Scarce were these uttered when stepping on thence he shows him the verv Altar, and gate which the Romans continue to call the Carmental — Honor accorded of old to the nymph Carmentis, the fate-versed Prophetess, who was the earliest seeress who sang that .^Eneans 340 Would in the future be mighty and notable be Pallanteum. Thence, too, he shows him the grove extensive which Romulus gallant Set as asylum apart, and the Lupercal under the chilling Cliff, so called in Parrhasian style as the shrine of Lycaean Pan, and he shows him, moreover, the thicket of shrined Argiletum, 345 BOOK VIII, 155 Vouches the spot, and rehearses the death of his visitor Argus. Thence he towards the Tarpeian retreat, and the Capitol leads him, Now all gilded, but once it was bristling with wilderness-brambles. Just then the terrible awe of the place was affrighting the timid Peasantry: just then were they at the rock and the wilderness quailing. 350 "Here in this grove," he remarked, "on the foliaged top of this hillock Haunted a god — what god is uncertain; Arcadians fancy They have beheld even Jupiter, when he was fierce Jn his right hand Shaking his ebony Eegis, and mustering clouds for a tempest. Yonder, thou further beholdest two fortified towns with their bulwarks 355 Scattered in ruins, the reliques and remnants of veteran heroes. Janus our father hath this, and Saturn hath founded that castle; This had the name of Janiculum, that was Saturnia titled." Mid such mutual words they were nearing the humble Evander's Dwellings, and, everywhere round were beholding the herds of his cattle 360 Lowing, in what is the Roman forum and gaudy Carinas. Then as they reached the abodes: " This threshold," said he, "the heroic Victor Alcides entered; this palace it was that received him. Venture, my guest, the despisal of riches, and deign to deport thee Worthy a god, and come not in scorn of our lowly condition." 365; Spake he, and underthe roof of his narrow abode he conducted Noble .(Eneas, and gave him a place on a cushion of dried leaves, Rudely supported and spread with the skin of a Libyan she-bear. Night swoops down, and embraces the world with its shadowy pinions: Meanwhile Venus his mother, not causelessly worried in spirit, 370; Moved by the threats of Laurentians, and by the ominous tumult. Whispers to Vulcan, and thus on the golden couch of her husband Broaches the subject, and breathes in her words a celestial affection: "Whilst the Argolical monarchs were Pergamus wasting in warfare. And by the enemy's fires were her citidels ready to crumble, 375 I no assistance besought for the wretched endurers, nor armor Wrought by thine art and device, nor did I, my affectionate husband. Needlessly wish to impose requisition on thee and thy labors. Though I was greatly indebted indeed to the children of Priam; Yea, and have frequently wept o'er the arduous toil of .^neas : 380 Now he by Jupiter's orders has moored on Rutulians' borders; Therefore a suppliant mother I come and beseech of thy holy Sovereignty arms for my offspring. Thee could Nereiis' daughter, Thee could the spouse of Tithonus affect by her tears and entreaties. Look at what hordes are collecting together, what cities, with close- barred 385 156 THE iENEID. Portals, are whetting the sabre on me and the fall of my kindred ! " Thus had she spoke, and the goddess with snow-white arms her reluctant Consort caresses in tender embrace. He has thence of a sudden Caught the accustomed flame, and the well-known glow has his marrow Entered and run through his softly susceptible bones in an instant ; 390 Just as at times when a glittering fiery rift, by a flashing Thunderbolt riven, shoots with a dazzling gleam through the storm clouds. Pleased with her ruses, and conscious of beauty his spouse has perceived it; Then in eternal attachment enchanted, the father bespeaks her : " Why art thou seeking so deeply for reasons ? And where has, my goddess,395 Gone thy reliance on me ? If a similar care had existed, Then had existed our right, too, to furnished with armor the Teucrans; Not the omnipotent father, nor fates were forbidding that Troja Stand, and that Priam survive for e'en ten years longer, if need be : Yea, and if now thou art ready for warring, and this be thy purpose, 400 What in my art I can possibly promise of care in production, What can be possibly wrought out of iron or molten amalgum. All that the fires or the blasts can accomplish — only by pleading ■Cease to distrust thine abilities." Such words spake he and fondly Gave the embraces he wanted, and, lapsed in the lap of his consort, 405 Courted anon through his limbs the repose of a quieted slumber. Then when the first sound rest in the midmost stage of the far spent Night had already excluded a sleep, when the diligent housewife — One who is forced to support her life by the distaff and slender Fare of Minerva — reopens the ashes and smouldering embers, 410 Adding the night to the service and making her maidens by lamplight Toil at their task, that she pure may preserve the bed of her husband Chaste, and be able to bring up her still small children with credit — Just like her, nor at that time idler ignipotent Vulcan :Springs from his downy couch to his craft's imperious duties. 415 Close by Sicania's side and ^olian Lipara lying Looms, with its smoking crags in the billows, a towering island, Under which nestles a cave, and, scooped by the forge of the Cyclops, Thunder the ^tnean craters, and ponderous blows on the anvils Heard are returning the moan, and deep in the caverns are hissing 420 Bars of 'Chalybian steel, and the fire in the furnaces wheezes — Vulcan's abode, and the land is entiled the island of Vulcan. Thither descends the Ignipotent then from the summit of heaven : Brisk in their fathomless cavern the Cyclops were forging the iron, Brontes and Steropes there, and with limbs stark naked Pyracmon. 425 BOOK VIII. 157 Still in their hands was a half-formed thunderbolt partly already Polished — and many a one does the sire from the circuit of heaven Hurl to the earth — and a portion was still remaining imperfect. Three shafts writhen of hail, and three of a watery rain-cloud, Three they had added of glittering fire and the piniony South-wind. 430 Now they were mingling flashes terrific and uproar and horror Wild in their work, and vengeance as swift as the speed of the lightning. Elsewhere busy were they on a chariot of Mars and its wheel-work Winged, on which he the heroes, on which he their cities arouses : Eagerly were they the horrible aegis, and armor of wrathful 435 Pallas embossing with scales of serpents in gold, and a knotted Necklace of snakes, and the Gorgon's self, on the breast of the goddess. Writhing its glaring eye-balls still though its neck was dissevered. " Banish all these," he exclaims, " and away with the work ye are doing, ^tnean Cyclops, and hither direct your exclusive attention : 440 Arms must be wrought for a chivalrous chief. Now is need of your vigor, Now of your rapidest hands, and now of each art of the master: Down with delay ! " He uttered no more, but they all at his bidding Quickly have sprang to their tasks, and allotted the labor among them Equally. Flows forth copper, and metal of gold as in rivers, 445 Whilst the vulnific steel melts down in the fathomless furnace. Massive they model the shield, and sufficient alone for resisting All the darts of the Latins, and fashion it circle on circle Seven- fold : some at the windy bellows, alternately pumping. Catch and expel the blasts, while others the sputtering copper 450 Plunge in the trough : the cavern is groaning with lumbering anvils. Each uplifts his arms by turns with vigorous effort, Keeping the time as they turn o'er the mass with their grappling pincers While thus bustles the Lemnian sire in ^olian confines. Up from his humble abode are the genial light, and the morning 455 Twitter of swallows under his gable arousing Evander. Quickly the old man rises, and robing his limbs with his tunic. Binds round firm to the soles of his feet his Tyrrhenian sandals ; Then to his side and his shoulder he buckles the sword of Tegsea, Tossing aback o'er his left, as it dangled, the hide of a panther ; 460 Yes, and withal a couple of vigilant hounds from the lofty Threshold scamper before him, and wait on the steps of their master. Forth to the seat and retreat of ^neas his guest was the hero. Mindful the while of their chat, and his proffer of services, wending. Not less early than he in the morning ^neas was stirring ; 465 158 THE ^NEID. Pallas, his son was the one, Achates attending the other. Meeting, they join right hands, and together sit down in the central Halls of the house, and at length are enjoying a privileged converse. Foremost the king thus speaks : — " Mightiest chief of the Teucrans, with whom as survivor I surely 47a Never will own that the state and the kingdoms of Troja are vanquished, Though as asistance in war, in defense of a name so ennobled, Scant is our strength — we are hemmed by the Tuscan river on this side. That the Rutulian presses, and round our walls with his armor Dins — yet I mean to unite thee with powerful tribes and encampments, 475 Teeming with Kingdoms. This safety an opportune incident haply Shows thee, and hither undoubting advance to the fates as they beckon. Not far hence is located the site of the city Agylla, Founded on primitive rock, where the Lydian nation aforetime. Famous in battle, has settled the hills once known as Etruscan, 48c This, though flourishing many a year did the monarch Mezentius Grasp at length in imperial sway, and by merciless armor — Why should I tell of unspeakable butcheries ? why of the tyrant's Infamous deeds i" May the gods requite them on him and his kmdred ! Nay he was even accustomed to fasten the dead to the living, 485 Binding them hands to hands, and faces to faces together ! Species of torture ! And so, all dripping with gore and corruption, Linked in their wretched embrace, by a lingering death he would kill them : But his subjects at last, worn out by his cruelties, arming Rise, and surround, though ineffably raving, both him and his household, 490 Slay his attendants and flmg on the roofs of his palace the fire-brands. He mid the slaughter escaping, away to Rutulian plow-lands Fled, and is there defended by armor of Turnus, his ally. Therefore Etruria all hath arisen in righteous resentments ; Waiting on Mars, they demand that their king be surrendered to justice. 495 Over these thousands, ^neas, I mean to install thee as leader. For all along on the sea-board clamor the hovering war-ships, Bidding the standards on ; but the aged diviner restrains them, Chantmg the fates : 'O Moeonia's stalwart warriors matchless. Flower and valor of veteran heroes, whom righteous abhorrence 500 Hurls on the foe, and Mezentius kindles to merited vpngeance. Not an Italian has warrant to marshal so mighty a nation. Choose ye out foreign commanders.' Then there are the ranks of Etrusca, Camping on yonder plain, overawed by the deities' warnings. Tarchon himself hath commissioned ambassadors, tendering to me S°5 BOOK VIII, 159 Even the crown of his realm, and his sceptre and badges of office, Bids me repair to his camp, and assume the Tyrrhenian kingdoms : But old-age, grown sluggish by cold, and enfeebled by lapsing Years, and my vigor too late for adventures, begrudge me the empire. I would encourage my son, were he not by his mother a Sabine 510 Mixed, and so heiring a part of the country ; but thou on whose favored Years and descent the fates are indulgent, whom auguries summon. On in thy march, most valiant chief of Italians and Teucrans ! I unto thee will, moreover, this Pallas, our hope and our solace. Join as attendant, and let him the drill, under thee as his teacher, 515 Practice of war, and to Mars' hard drudgery learn to inure him. Learn from his earliest years to behold thy exploits and admire thee. Him will I furnish two hundred Arcadian horsemen, the choicest Pick of my army, and Pallas will furnish as many in his name." Scarce had he spoken these words, while downcast holding their features 520 Fixed were .iEneas the son of Anchises, and faithful Achates; Yea, in their own sad hearts they were thinking of many a hardship. Had not from open heaven Cytherea have given the signal : For unexpected from aether a dazzling flash, as of lightning, Came with a rumble, and suddenly all things seemed to be rushing ; 525 Seemed the Tyrrhenian blare of a trumpet to bellow through aether. Upward they glance : again and again there re-echoes a loud crash. Arms in the midst of a haze, in a region serene of the heavens, They through a rift see glitter and hear them reverberant thunder. Others were stunned in their souls ; but the hero of Troja the echo 530 Knew, and remembered the pledge of his mother, the goddess. Then he rehearses : " Nay, do not, my host ; O do not minutely Question what issues these prodigies bode : I am sought by Olympus ! For my creatress divine has foretold she would send me this signal Should there be brewing a war, and Vulcanian arms on the breezes 535 Waft for asistance : — Ah ! what slaughters await the unhappy Laurentes ! And, Turnus, What an amend shalt thou pay me ? And, father Thybris, how many Bucklers and helmets and stalwart bodies of heroes shalt thou roll Under thy billows ! Then let them to arms and alliances rupture ! " 540 When he hath uttered these words he raises himself from his lofty Throne, and at once rekindles on Hercules' altars the smoldered Embers ; then yesterday's guardian Lar, and the little Penates Gladly approaches. Evander as promptly, as promptly the Trojan Warriors sacrifice victims selected according to custom. 545 l6o THE iENEID. Afterwards wends he away to the ships, and revisits his comrades ; From whose number he chooses, to follow him into the battles. Those who in valor excel ; the remainder are borne on the ebbing Water, and downward sluggishly float on the favoring river. News of his father's successes and plans to Ascanius bearing. 550 Horses are furnished for Teucrans in seeking Tyrrhenian meadows : Forth for ^neas they lead an exceptional one, which the tawny Skin of a lion, with gilt claws gleaming, completely envelops. Suddenly flits through the little metropolis bruited the rumor, Cavalry soon are to go to the shores of Tyrrhenia's monarch : 5t,'5 Mothers in terror redouble their vows, and nearer to danger Comes the alarm, and now grander is looming the shape of the war-god. Then does the father Evander, clasping his hand as he leaves him. Cling to his son in unsatisfied weeping, and thus he bespeaks him ; " O if Jupiter would but restore me the years that are vanished, 560 Such as I was when, under Praenest6, 1 routed the foremost Line of the battle, and conquering, burned whole heaps of their bucklers, And unto Tartarus sent king Herilus down with this right hand ! Herilus, whom at his birth his mother Feronia three lives — Horrid to utter — had given, three changes of wieldable armor : 565 Thrice must he needs be stricken in death, and yet thrice did this right hand Rob him of every life, and despoil him as oft of his armor : No, my son, I would now from thy loving embraces be nowhere Separate, nor to his neighbor should haughty Mezentius ever. Grossly insulting this head, have so many and merciless murders 5 7" Done with his sword, nor my city have reft of so many a dweller. But you, O ye supernals, and deities, mightiest sovereign, Jupiter also, I pray you, pity Arcadia's monarch ; Hear ye a father's prayers ! and if your divinities shield him Safely from danger, if fate but reserve me my Pallas uninjured; 575 If I but live to behold him, and come once more to embrace him, Life I implore : I am willing to go through any endurance; But if, O Fortune, thou threatenest any unspeakable evil. Now, O now be it mine a disconsolate life to surrender, While apprehensions are vague, while uncertain the hope of the future, 580 Whilst I have thee, dear boy, as my last and my only endearment, Fast in a loving embrace, O let there no heavier tidings Wound mine ears !" These words was his sire at the final departure Venting: his servants were bearing him faintmg away to his mansions. Now upon this had emerged from the wide-open portals the mounted 585 BOOK VIII. l6l Cavalry; right in the van were ^neas and faithful Achates; After them other officials of Troja: amid the array rode Pallas himself, superb in his mantle and blazoned equipments: Just as when bathed in the ocean's wave hath the star of the morning — Star which above all stars is the favorite planet of Venus — 590 Lifted its sacred visage, and melted the darkness from heaven. Mothers solicitous stand on the walls, and with lingering glances Follow the pillar of dust, and the regiments gleaming in copper. [ways, They through the brambles in arms, through the nearest approach to the high- Onward are tending: there issues a shout, and the column completed, 595 Hoof with a quadruped clattering quivers the mouldering common. Hard by the gelid river of Caere there stands an immense grove, Sacred afar by religious respect of the fathers: on all sides Circling hills have enclosed it, and skirts it a forest of black pine. Rumor reports that the ancient Pelasgi the grove, and a feast-day, 600 Sacred assigned to Silvanus as god of their pastures and cattle, Who were original owners of old of the Latian confines. Not far off from the spot were the Tuscans and Tarchon encamping, Strongly entrenched, and the whole of their legion was now from the rising Hilltop visible, stretching away on the limitless meadows. 605 Thither the father ^neas and chosen for battle his stalwarts Cautiously climb, and though weary, attend to their horses and bodies. But on aethereal storm-clouds Venus, the beauteous goddess, Bearing her gifts, had appeared, and, as soon as she sighted her offspring. Far in a valley sequestered apart on the banks of the gelid 610 Stream, she accosted him thus, and presented herself for the purpose: " Lo ! the bestowments I promised, designed by the art of my husband, Finished; nor scruple, my son, in the future, to challenge to combats Either the haughty Laurentes, or spirited champion Turnus." Spake Cytherea, and courted the grateful embrace of her offspring, 615 As she the radiant armor set down 'neath an opposite oak-tree. He, with the gifts of the goddess and honor so signal delighted. Cannot be sated, and, rolling his eyes o'er each article singly. Wonders, while oft on his hands and his arms he poises the helmet. Richly adorned with its terrible plumage, and seeming to vomit 620 Flames, and the fate-fraught sabre, and corselet inwoven with copper. Blood-red, massive; as when by the sunbeams gilded, a lurid « Rain-cloud kindles in glow, and reflects from afar an effulgence. So, too, the polished greaves of the finest of gold and amalgam Wrought, and the spear, and the marvellous shield of ineffable fabric. 625 1 62 THE ^NEID. There the Italian affairs, and the triumphs in store for the Romans, Not uninformed of the fates, nor unskilled in the coming hereafter, Had the Ignipotent modeled ; and there had each branch of the future Line of Ascanius wrought, and the wars to be waged in their order: Modeled the fostering wolf, in the moss-grown grotto of Mavors, 630 Couched in recumbent repose; and around her udders the twin-boys Playfully hanging, while she as their mother lay licking the fearless Infants, and bending her tapering neck in alternately stroking Each in his turn, and with tongue thus tenderly shaping their bodies. Not far away thence Rome and the Sabine maidens' unseemly 635 Rape in the crowd, while the grand Circenian circus was being Held, he had added, and, suddenly rising, the singular warfare, Romulus' party with Tatius old and his merciless Cures. Afterwards these same kings, when the struggle between them was over, Armed were standing in front of the altar of Jupiter, holding 640 Goblets, and, over a slaughtered sow were concerting alliance. Not far thence had his four-horsed chariots, swiftly careering, Quartered asunder Mettus — but thou thy pledges, O Alban, Shouldest have kept ! and Tullus was dragging the corse of the faithless [drops. Man through the woods, and the brambles were dripping with spattering blood- There was Porsena, moreover, bidding them welcome back the discarded 645 Tarquin, and pressing the city with grievously stringent investment, Whilst "the .^neans were rushing to arms for the citizens' rescue. Him thou canst see like a person indignant, like one in a threatening Posture, because brave Codes was daring to tear up the bridging, 650 Yea, and e'en Cloelia was swimming, with fetters dissevered, the river. Manlius, high on the heights, was as guard of the fort of Tarpeia Standing in front of the temple, and lofty Capitols holding. Freshly was bristling the palace with Romulus' primitive thatching. Here, moreover, a silvery goose, in the golden verandas 655 Flitting, was giving alarm that the Gauls were approaching the threshold : Gauls had approached through the brambles, and there were investing the castle Screened by the darkness and boon of the dim and shadowy midnight: Golden their flowing locks, and golden their radiant raiment; Brightly they gleam in their striped, diversified plaids; then their milk-white 660 Necks are encircled with gold, and they each in hand are two Alpine Spontoons brandishing, whilst they protected their bodies with long shields. Here are the Salian dancers, and there are the naked Luperci, Aye, and their lambs' wool tufts, and their targes descended from heaven. Modeled, and virtuous maidens were leading the sacred processions 665 BOOK VIII. 163 On through the city in light-wheeled carriages. Yonder he adds thence Even Tartarean seats, and the towering portals of Pluto: Criminal punishments also: and thee, O Cataline, hanging High on a menacing crag, and quaking at sight of the furies: Separate also the pious, and Cato dispensing them statutes. 670 'Twixt these, broadly was stretching the golden expanse of a swollen Sea, but its deep-blue billows were foaming with feathery white-caps : Round in the bright, pure silver in circles were dolphins the broad deep Sweeping with frisky tails, and cleaving the billowy whirlpool: Out in its midst could the bronze-beaked fleets, and the Actian battles 675 Plainly be seen; and thou couldst, too, behold the whole of Leucate Glowing in battle array, and the surges effulgent with pure gold. Csesar Augustus on this side leading Italians to combats, Flanked by the Senate and people, and cherished Penates and great gods, High on his stern-deck standing, and each of his temples exultant 680 Breathing out flames, and there sparkles his father's star on his forehead. There, on the other side, tall is Agrippa, with winds and the great gods Favoring, leading his army, whose beak-crowned temples with naval Crown are eff ulgently gleaming, the arrogant signal of battle. Yonder as victor, with forces barbaric, and various armor, 6S5 Antony brings from the tribes of the morning, and shore of the Pved-Sea, Egypt, and swarming his Orient allies, and farthermost Bactra With him; and shame ! in his train an Egyptian consort attends him ! All seem rushing at once, and the whole main foaming and splashing, Torn by the back-drawn oars, and the prows surmounted with tridents. 690 Seaward they steer, and the Cyclades thou wouldst imagine were wrenched loose, Sailing the ocean, and loftiest mountains with mountains colliding, Men of a marvellous stature are perched on the turretted stern decks; Flamable tow and the feathery steel is by hand and by weapons Scattered: with fresh-made massacre redden the fallows of Neptune. 695 Full in their midst is the queen, with her country's timbrels the squadrons Summoning, seeing not yet the couple of serpents behind her. Monsters of gods of every description, and barking Anubis, Wield against Neptune and Venus, and even Minerva, their hostile Weapons. The steel-clad Mavors aloof in the midst of the contest 700 Rages, and hideous Furies are sweeping from regions of aether; Discord jubilant stalks, with her mantelet riddled to tatters. After her follows, with blood-stained scourge, the inhuman Bellona. Seeing these, Actium's patron Apollo was bending his cross-bow Downward: in dread of him, every Egyptian and Indian, and every 705 164 THE ^NEID. Arab, and all the Sabaeans were turning their backs in a panic: Even the queen was beheld as unfurling the sails to the welcome Winds, and seemed now, even now, to be loosing the rop;s of the mam-sail. Her in the midst of the carnage, and palid from doom in the future. Had the Ignipotent fashioned as borne by the waves and the West- wind. 710 Opposite though as in mourning the Nilus enormous in stature. Spreading his fluttering folds, and with all its investure inviting Back to Its dark blue bosom and sheltering rivers the vanquished. Meantime Csesar, in triplicate triumph, conveyed in the Roman Walls, to Italia's gods was a votive immortal devoting, 715 Even three hundred capital shrines througji the whole of the city; Loud were the streets with the joy and the sports and the plaudit resounding; Clusters of matrons at all of the temples, at all there were altars: Strewing the ground in front of the altars lay sacrificed bullocks. He in the snow-white porch of the brilliant Apollo his station 720 Taking, the gifts of the peoples acknowleges, and on the proud gates Hangs them. The conquered nations are marching in lengthy procession. Varied in languages each, as in habit of costume and armor. Here, too, had Mulciber sketched the Numidian tribes and the loose girt Africans: here, too, the Leleges, Carian hordes and Geloni 725 Carrying arrows. In waves more gentle now passed the Euphrates; There the remotest of men, the Morini, and there the bicornous Rhine and untamable Dahae, and scorning a bridge, the Araxes. Such on the shield of Vulcan — the gift of his mother — the objects He is admiring; not knowing their meanings, he, pleased with the pattern, 730 Lifts to his shoulder the fame, and the fates of his future descendents. BOOK IX. Trojans in Oamp are assaulted by Turnus : Euryalus' midnight Venture with Nisus : the havoc of Turnus, who leaps in the Tiber. But, while these scenes are afar in a different quarter enacted, Down from heaven has Saturnian Juno her messenger Iris Sent to audacious Turnus. It happened that Turnus was just then Seated at ease in a hallowed vale, in a grove of his parent Pilumnus: Thus from her roseate mouth did the daughter of Thaumas address him: 5 " Turnus, what hone of the gods to thee wishing would venture to promise, Lo ! the revolving day of its own free will hath accorded. Leaving his city an8 comrades and vessels, ^neas is absent. Seeking the kingdom and home of the Palatine monarch Evander; Still not enough, he hath Corythus' farthermost cities invaded, 10 Yea, and is arming the Lydians' horde — their yeomanry mustered. Why doubt ? Now is the juncture to order out horses and chariots: Break through every delay, and seize on his crippled encampments." Spake she, and, heavenward soaring away on her balancing pinions, Clave on the clouds in her flight a wide-arched, radiant rainbow. 15 Instant the warrior knew her, and raised to the planets his folded Palms, and thus in his utterance followed the fugitive goddess: " Iris, the glory of heaven, who sent thee to me on the thin clouds Wafted to earth ? Whence came this so unexpectedly splendid Weather ? I see in its midst heaven parting asunder, and lonely 20 Stars in the firmament straggling ! I follow thy marvellous omens. Whosoever dost summon to arms ! " And having thus spoken. Forth to the billow he strode, and the waters scooped from the top-surf. Often imploring the gods, and he loaded the heavens with votives. Soon to the open plain was advancing the whole of his army, 25 T65 1 66 THE /ENEID. Rich in its steeds, and as rich in embroidered and golden apparel. Leading the van in Messapus, the youthful sons of Tyrrheus Bring up the rear: in the midst of the squadron the champion Turnus Bustles, displaying his armor, and over them towers by a whole head. On like the broad, deep Ganges, risii.^ in seven majestic 30 Rivers in quiet, or Nile, when it back in a copious current Flows o'er the plains, and has presently buried itself in its channel. Here in the distance the Teucrans descry of a sudden a dense dust Cloud amassing, and out of the plains uprising a darkness. Foremost Caicus excitedly shouts from the opposite breastwork: 35 " Citizens, what is yon globe uprolling in ebony blackness? Hasten to arms, bring weapons, and rally and mount to the bulwarks: Ho ! the foe is at hand ! " With a vehement clamor the Teucrans Shelter themselves through all of the portals and fill up the ramparts: For, when departing, so had ^neas, their chieftain in armor, 40 Ordered them, if in the interval, any emergency happen. Not to venture to risk an engagement, nor trust to the broad plain. Only the camps, and the walls they should guard secure with a breastwork. Therefore, though shame or resentment should tempt them to hazard a combat, Still they must fasten the portals and strictly obey his injunctions; 45 Armed they nriust wait for the foemen, entrenched in their sheltering turrets. Turnus, as speeding ahead he had distanced his tardier column. Flanked by an escort of twenty selected dragoons, at the city Suddenly made his appearance: a piebald Thracian charger Bears, and a crimson-crested pure gold helmet invests him: 50 " Soldiers, will any one with me be first to encounter a foeman ? There ! " he exclaims, and twirling in air he has launched them a javelin. Prelude of battle, then mounted he bounds away o'er the champaign; Shouting his escort second the challenge, and follow with thrilling Plaudit. Marvel they much at the spiritless hearts of the Teucrans, 55 Not to adventure in open field, nor to meet them as heroes Armed, but to nestle in camp. He hither and thither on horseback Wrathfully searches the walls, and essays an approach by the by-paths; Just as a wolf, when he prowling around by a plentiful sheep-fold. Raves at the pens, though grievously pelted by winds and the rain-storms, 60 Lonely at midnight: safely the lambs, by the side of their mothers, Keep up a bleating; he, rampant and viciously savage with anger. Growls at them out of his reach; for the fury of hunger protracted Long, and his jaws all parching for blood, but incite him to madness: Just so within the Rutulian, viewing their walls and encampments 65 BOOK IX. 167 Kindles his passions, and hot in his hard bones grows the vexation, How to attempt the approaches, and how the impregnably sheltered Teucrans to oust from breastwork, and pour them abroad on the common. So he attacks che fleet, which lay on the flank of the camp grounds Hidden, and hedged by the breastworks round, and the waves of the river; 70 In it he orders his jubilant comrades to kindle a bon-fire. And in his fervor he fills his hand with a flammable pine-knot; Then do they verily fall to, the presence of Turnus incites them. But, in an instant, each youth is begirded with blackening faggots: They have denuded the hearth-fires: smoking the flambeau the pitch-light 75 Carries, and Vulcan upwafts to the stars the promiscuous cinders. Muses, what deity kind from the Teucrans so ruthless a havoc Warded, and who kept off such terrible fires from their galleys. Tell me; of old is belief in the fact, but its fame is eternal. First, at the time when -^neas his fleet was in Phrygian Ida 80 Building, and getting it ready to launch on the depths of the ocean, Spake Berecynthian Cybele, mother of gods, to the mighty Jove, it is fabled, in these strains: " Grant me, my son, as a pleader. What thy affectionate parent demands for the sway of Olympus. I have a forest of pine-trees, cherished for many a long year; 85 High on a peak was a grove where they formerly offered me worship; Dusky it stood with its darkening firs and its timbers of maple. These to Dardania's champion I, when he needed a squadron. Cheerfully gave ; now solicitous, horror harassingly chokes me: Quiet my fear, and allow this effect to thy parent's petitions, 90 Grant they may neither be wrecked on the voyage, nor yet by a whirlwind Foundered, but let it avail them that they were derived from our mountains. " Her did her son, who rotates the stars of the universe, answer: "Whither, O mother, dost beckon the fates? And what by these pleadings Seek ? Can be counted immortal the keels by the hand of a mortal 95 Made ? Can ^neas indubious rightfully dubious dangers Traverse ? To which of the gods is a potence so marvellous granted ? Yes, when defunct they at length shall their goal, the Ausonian harbors Haply hereafter attain, which ever, escaping the surges. Safe shall have wafted Dardania's chief to Laurentian meadows, 100 I will divest of their mortal alloy, and will goddesses bid them Be of the fathomless ocean, like Doto, the Nerean's daughter, Or Galataea, to cleave through the foaming deep with their bosom." Spake he, and solemnly pledged by the streams of his Stygian brother, Yea, by the banks that are flooded with pitch and the ebony whirlpool, 105 1 68 THE ^NEID. Nodded it, and by his nod made all Olympus to tremble. Therefore the promised day had arrived and the destinies fully Filled the allotted times, when the impudent outrage of Turnus 'Monished the mother to ward from the sacred galleys the firebrands. Here first flashed on their vision a singular light, and a mighty iio Storm-cloud seemed from the eastern horizon to run o'er the heavens, Choirs of Ida as well : then an awful voice on the breezes Falls, and it fills the Rutulian hosts, and the hosts of the Teucrans: " Be not, ye Teucrans, in haste to defend, as in danger, my shipping; Arm not your hands for the rescue; 'twill sooner be granted that Turnus 115 Burn up the seas than my sacred pine-trees. Go ye unhampered, Go,.0 ye nymphs of the ocean, your mother enjoins you." And forthwith Burst they each from the banks the respective fetters that bound them, And in the manner of dolphins, with beaks submerged, to the deepest Waters betake them, from whence they^a marvellous wonder — as mermaids 120 Issue as numerous faces, and thence are away on the broad deep Borne, as had brazen prows there previous stood on the sea- shores. Stunned were the minds of Rutulians: even Messapus was frightened; Startled his steeds in a stampede; pauses the stream in its current, Hoarsely resounding, and back Tiberinus recalls his foot from the deep sea. 125 But his audacity failed not then the redoubtable Turnus; Promptly he rallies their souls by his words, and upbraids them as promptly: " Yonder prodigies aim at the Trojans: e'en Jove of his wonted Aid hath deprived them; no weapons of theirs, no counter combustions Wait the Rutulians: therefore the seas are foreclosed to the Teucrans, 130 Hope of escape there is none; one half their resources is reft them: Still in our hands is the land: of Italia's myriad nations Thousands are arming against them. None of the deities' fateful Omens appal me, howe'er for themselves the Phrygians swagger: Fates have allotted sufficient to Venus in letting the Teucrans 13S Land on the meadows of fertile Ausonia. I, too, have counter Fates of my own, with steel to destroy the nefarious nation, Robbed of my consort ! That grievance comes home not only to Atreus' Sons, and to marshal in arms is the lot of Mycenae not only. ' But 'tis enough to have suffered once ! ' Then should it suffice them 140 Once to have trespassed, detesting, and well nigh utterly, woman Kind. This presumption of theirs is the width of a stockade. Stoppages merely of trenches, but slight separations from ruin, Give them their courage. But have they not seen the defences of Troja, Wrought though they were by the hand of a Neptune, crumble to embers ? 145 BOOK IX. 169 But, O ye veterans, who is now ready to storm their entrenchments. Sword in hand, and with me to attack their embarrassed encampments ? Not of the armor of Vulcan, nor yet of a thousand flotilla. Am I in need for the Teucrans. Forthwith let all the Etruscans Join them as allies: they need not of gloom, and Palladium's stupid 150 Robbery fear, when the guards of the uppermost castle were butchered ; Nor in the darksome paunch of a horse will we hide, but in open Daylight I am determined with flames to encircle their ramparts. I will have made them to know they are dealing no longer with Danai, Nor with Pelasgian striplings, whom Hector defied till the tenth year. 155 So now, seeing the better part of the day has been acted. What there is left of it, cheerily, after your noble achievements, Care for your bodies, my men, and be ready awaiting a battle. Meanwhile the charge is assigned to Messapus to block by alternate Sentries the enemy's gates, and their ramparts girdle with watch-fires. 160 Two-times seven Rutulians picked were to guard the invested Walls with a picket; but closely on each of them follow a hundred Warriors, crested with crimson, and gleaming in golden equipment. Scouts are patrolling, and taking their turns, or are stretched on the green grass Quaffing their wine, and inverting their goblets of bronze at a banter; 165 Brightly the camp-fires shine, and the sentries surrender the long night Sleepless to gaming: — Down from the palisade Trojans are gazing on these, and in armor Holding the heights; and, though trembling in dread, they no less are inspecting Closely the gates, and connecting together the bridges and outworks, 170 Wearing their weapons. Alert are Mnestheus and dauntless Sergestus, Chieftains, whom father ^neas, should any emergency summon, Over the warriors set, and to be of affairs the directors. Through the entrenchments the legion entire, allotting the danger, Watches, and each man serves in his turn in what needed protection. 175 Nisus was guard of the gateway, a veteran valiant in armor, Hyrtacus' son, whom Ida, the huntress had sent as Eneas' Comrade, expert with the dart, and expert with the feathery arrow; And at his side as his mate was Euryalus: none of ^neans Fairer than he, nor was any who carried the armor of Troja; 180 Beardless his cheeks, as denoting a boy in his earliest manhood. One was their love, and side by side were they rushing in battles; Both of them, too, were then guarding the gate by a common assignment. Nisus exclaims: "Do the gods, Euryalus, fire with this ardor Minds ? Or does each one's direful desire as a deity serve him ? 185 170 THE ^NEID. Long is my mind on a drive to engage in a fight or in something Grand in achievement: it is not contented with listless inaction. Thou discernest what confidence yonder Rutulians have in their fortunes < Thinly their watch-lights shine; they drunk have in slumber and wassail Sunk, and the spaces around are in silence. Perceive, for the nonce, then, igo What I surmise, and what now in my soul is the purpose arising. All, both the people and fathers, demand that ^neas be summoned Home, and that men be dispatched to report him the facts as occurring. If they will promise thee only what I demand — for the service Glory suffices for me — methinks I can easy by yonder 195 Mound find a way to the walls and the ramparts of Pallanteum.'' Stunned was Euryalus, smitten with longing intense for a hero's Honors, and thus at once he addresses his ardent companion : " Dost thou, then, shun to associate me in thy highest achievements, Nisus ? And shall I now send thee alone into imminent perils ? 200 Thus did my father, Opheltes, himself, too, accustomed to warfare. Never instruct me amid the Argolican horrors, and Troja's Hardships trained: nor as messmate of thee have I ever thus acted, Since I have followed the noble ^neas and fates the extremest; Here it is, here is a soul that despises the light, and believes that 205 Honor to which thou aspirest, if life-bought even, is well bought." Nisus to these: "I had verily no such fears of thy courage; No,, it were impious: So may back to thee bring me triumphant Jupiter mighty, or whoso regards these with eyes of benignance: But if there any — thou seest the hazards in such an adventure — 210 If to adversity any misfortune or deity doom me, I would have thee to survive me; for worthier life is thy boyhood. Let there be one to consign me, if taken in battle and ransomed. Low in the ground; or who may, if fortune, as wonted forbid this, Give me a funeral, even though gone, and with sepulchre grace me. 215 Let me not cause so oppressive a grief to thy sorrowing mother. Who of the numerous mothers, my boy, alone in the venture. Follows thee hither, nor cares for the ramparts of mighty Acesta." He however: " In vain thou entwinest thy futile dissuasives; Still is my purpose unshaken, nor yields it its place for a moment. 220 Let us be off," he exclaims; and at once he awakes his alternate Guards who relieve him, and watch in their turn, and he, leaving his station. Trips the attendant of Nisus, and haste they in quest of the regent. Other animate creatures all over the earth were in slumber Soothing their cares, and their hearts were oblivious wholly of labors: 225 BOOK IX. 171 Prominent leaders of Teucrans, and pick of the warriors Tound them, Anxious were holding a council on highest affairs of the kingdom, What they should do, or who should be messenger now to ^neas. They on their long spears leaning, and wearing their shields for emergence. Stand in the central space of the camp. Then Nisus, and with him 230 Also, Euryalus presently earnestly pray for admittance, Saying the case is important, and worth the delaying: liilus Welcomes them first in their flurry, and orders that Nisus address them. Then thus Hyrtacus' son: " O listen, ye men of ^neas. Listen with minds impartial, nor be the proposal we bring you 235 Judged by our years. The Rutulian drunk have in slumber and wassail Now become hushed: we have seen for ourselves that a place for a sally Lies at the forks of the road of the gate that is nearest the sea-side. There are the watch-fires broken, and dark is their smoke to the lone stars Rising. If you will permit us to take the advantage of fortune, 240, So as to hasten in quest of ^neas and ramparts of Pallanteum, Soon shall you see us returning hither with spoils, and a mighty Slaughter accomplished: nor does the journey misgive us in going; For we have caught from the darksome valleys a glimpse of the city Often in hunting excursions, and know the whole of the river." 245 Here then Aletes, encumbered with years and mature in his judgment: " Gods of our country, beneath whose protection forever is Troja, Surely ye do not intend to entirely abolish the Teucrans; Since of their youth ye have souls so heroic produced and such dauntless Bosoms." So saying, he eager of both was the shoulders and right hands 250 Grasping, and bathing with tears his visage and features exclaiming: " Heroes, what worthy requitals for such a commendable emprise Can I imagine accorded ? The noblest the gods and your conscience Foremost of all shall bestow, and the rest will the pious ^neas Render anon; and Ascanius, who has the whole of his manhood 255 Yet in the future, can never be mindless of merit so matchless! " "Yes, I whose only salvation depends on my father's returning," Tenders Ascanius, " I, by our mighty Penates, O Nisus, I, by the Lar of Assaracus, yea, and the shrine of the silvery Vesta, Swear to you both, that whatever my fortune, whatever my credit, 260 All I ungrudgingly place in your laps: but recall me my parent; Bring him but back to my sight, and receiving him naught shall be grievous. Yes, I will give thee a couple of elegant goblets of silver, Roughened with figures, which father retained from the sack of Arisba; These, and a couple of tripods, two ponderous talents of pure gold; 265 172 THE ^NEID. Also an antique chalice, the gift of Sidonian Dido. But, if Italia it chance to be mine to subdue, and its sceptre Sway as a victor at length, and by lot to apportion the booty — Thou didst behold what a charger that Turnus was riding, the gilded Armor he wore — that charger, and buckler, and plumage of crimson, 270 I will exempt from the lot; they are, Nisus, already thy prizes. Further, my father will twice six exquisite persons of matrons Give thee, and captives, and each one's armor entire as thy portion; Added to these the domain which the monarch Latinus possesses. Thee, however, whom mine own age in still nearer approaches 275 Follows, reverable boy to my whole heart warmly I welcome Now, and embrace thee as bosom companion in every emergence. Ne'er in my future achievements shall glory be courted without thee. Whether in peace or in wars I engage, for achievements and counsels Trust shall in thee be supreme." Euryalus counter bespeaks him 280 Thus: " No day shall hereafter to any so daring adventures Prove me unequal, if only this seemingly favoring fortune Fall not adversely. But O, I, above all other bestowments. One thing entreat of thee: there is my mother from Priam's primeval Peerage, whom wretched, forsaking it with me, the Ilian home-land 285 Kept not, nor yet did the ramparts of monarch Acestes detain her; Her I now leave unaware of this peril, whatever it may be — Leave her without an affectionate farewell. Night and thy right hand Witness that I am unable to bear the tears of my parent; But I entreat thee to soothe her in need, and relieve her forsaken: 290 Let me but have this assurance from thee, and I bolder will venture On into every hazard." With minds overcome with emotion Sons of Dardanus wept, and especially lovely liilus; But the resemblance seen of his father's devotion his spirit Nerved: then thus he bespeaks him: — 295 " Pledge to thy heart, then, all that is worthy the grandest achievements. For that mother shall be as my mother, the name of Creusa Only excepted; nor slight are the thanks for so noble an offspring Due her: whatever contingencies follow this act, I unshrinking Swear by this head — by the oath which my father was used to before me — 300 All that I promise to thee, if returning with efforts successful, Still shall continue the same to thy mother and mother's relations." So he with weeping exclaims; and at once he unbuckles his gilded Sword from his side, which the Gnosian artist Lycaon, with wondrous Skill had fashioned and fitted its delicate ivory scabbard. 305 BOOK IX. 173 Mnestheus proffers to Nisus the skin and the coat of a shaggy Lion: the trusty Aletes with Nisus exchanges his helmet. Straightway accoutred they sally, and all the assembly of chieftains, Young and old, as they go escort them as far as the gateway. Breathing their vows for their welfare. Moreover, the comely lulus, 310 Who had a soul in advance of his years, and the prudence of manhood. Many a mandate gave to be borne to his sire; but the wild winds Scatter them all, and consign them anon to the clouds in abortion. Pass they, emerging, the trenches, and on through the gloom of the midnight Tramp to the camps of the foemen, yet destined to be a destruction 315 Shortly to many. Around on the grass they in slumber and wassail See stretched bodies promiscuous, chariots tipped on the sea-beach. Men in the midst of the harness and wheels, and together lay huddled Armor and wine-cups. First thus Hyrtacus' son from his mouth spake: " Risk is, Euryalus, due at our hands; the occasion now summons: 320 This is the way. Do thou, lest a troop might possibly on us Rise in the rear, stand guard, and keep a look out in a distance ; These I will render a havoc, and open before thee a wide path." So he rehearses, and hushes his voice, and at once with his broad-sword Charges on insolent Rhamnes, who lay, as it happened, on cushions 325 High upraised, and from all of his bosom was snoring out slumber. Monarch himself, and to Turnus a monarch the favorite augur; But by his augury could he not parry the doom that befel him. Three slaves near him he smites in the midst of their weapons at random Lying, and armor-bearer, and charioteer of Remus, 33° Finding them close by their steeds, and with sabre he severs their drooped necks; Then he the head of their master lops off, and the trunk in its own blood Gurgling he leaves, and the earth, made warm by the flow, and the couches Drip with the black gore. Lamyrus also, and Lamus, and with them Youthful Serranus, who noted for beauty, had many a raffle 335 Played that night, and o'ercome by inordinate bumpers to Bacchus, Lay with his limbs outsprawled. O happy, if he had continued his pastime Steadily on through the night, and protracted it even till day-light. Just as a famishing lion, when prowling through plentiful sheep folds— For an inordinate hunger induces him— craunches and mangles, 340 Dumb in their terror, the delicate flock, and roars with his gory Mouth. Not less was Euryalus' slaughter, as he, too, impassioned Raves through the camp, and comes, in its midst, on a numerous nameless Rabble, to Fadus, Herbesus, and Rhoetus, and Abaris, likewise All unawares, though Rhoetus awake, and a witness of all things; 345 174 THE iENEID. But in alarm he was skulking behind a ponderous wine-crock: Full in his opposite breast, as he rose, he aiming at close range Buried his sword to its hilt, and withdrew it with copious blood-shed. Spews he his crimson life, and in dying he vomits the wine-draughts Mingled with blood; on presses he, flushed with his stealthy achievements. 350 Now he was nearing Messapus' associates; there he the last lone Watch-fires flickering saw, and the horses, all properly tethered, Quietly grazing the herbage, when thus, but in brevity, Nisus, For he perceived they were carried too far in their craving for carnage: " Let us desist," he exclaims, " for at hand is the treacherous daylight; 355 Vengeance enough has been taken; a way has been made through the foemen." Armor abundant of heroes, in solid silver perfected. Leave they behind them, and wine-crocks also, and beautiful carpets. Eager Euryalus seizes the trappings of Rhamnes, his baldric Studded with golden embossing, the presents which formerly wealthy 360 Caedicus sent to Tiburtian Remulus, when he, though absent. Plighted alliance: he dying bequeathed it in tail to his grandson; After his death the Rutulians won it in war and by conquest. These he purloins, and adapts them in vain to his chivalrous shoulders: Then he Messapus' adaptable helmet, with plumage bcdizzen, 365 Dons. They depart from the camps and betake them to places of safety. Meanwhile the cavalry, sent in advance from the town of Latinus, While on the plains the rest of the legion in order of battle Tarries, were posting and bringing responses to Turnus the monarch, Shielded, three hundred strong, and in charge of their officer, Volcens. 370 They were now nearing the camps, and approaching the line of entrenchments, When at a distance they notice them turning aside to the left hand Pass, and the helmet betrayed, in the glimmering shadows of midnight, Thoughtless Euryalus, bright as it shone in the opposite moonlight. Nor is it bootlessly sighted; for Volcens shouts out from the vanguard: 375 " Halt men ! What is the cause of your way ? Or who are you in armor? Where are you holding your journey ? " They nothing returned him in answer, But they quickened their flight to the woods, and relied on the darkness. Foemen now station themselves at the well-known forks of the highways Hither and thither, and crown each available point with a sentry. 380 There was a wildwood widely bristling with brambles and sombre Holly, and thickly on all sides fills it a tangle of briars: Here and there through its intricate trails there was lighting a footpath; Darkness withal of the branches above, and his cumbersome plunder Hinder Euryalus; fear, too, misleads in the trend of the highways. 385 BOOK IX. 175 Nisus escapes, and had heedless already evaded the foemen, When at the groves, which since have in honor of Alba been titled Alban; then monarch Latinus had there his imperial stables. So, as he paused, and in vain looked back to discover his lost friend; " Hapless Euryalus !" cries he, " and where have I thoughtlessly left thee ? 390 How shall I follow thee, tracking the whole of the dubious journey Back of the treacherous woods ?" And at once he retraces the way-marks Noted, and back through the brambles in silence he hurriedly wanders; Hears he the horsfcs, and hears, too, the racket and signs of pursuers. Brief is the time in the interval, ere on his ears there a loud shout 395 Peals, and he sees Euryalus, whom now bewildered the whole band. Caught in the trap of the place and the darkness, and dazed by the sudden Tumult, seize, as he often and vainly attempts to elude them. What can he do ? And how can he by force and with armor the young man Venture to save ? Shall he, reckless of life, in the midst of the sabres 400 Fling him, and rashly precipitate glorious death by their gashes ? Quick with his back-drawn arm, he a light lance poising in posture. Glancing above to the lofty moon, he implores her assistance: " Do thou, O goddess of night, be present and second my effort ! O thou pride of the stars, and Latona's guard of the woodlands, 405 Grant me, if ever my father Hyrtacus brought to thine altars Presents; if ever I added my own from the chase, or suspended Spoils in thy dome, or affixed to thy consecrate ceilings my trophies. Let me confound this troop, and direct thou my shafts on the night air !" Spake he,, and straining with utmost exertion he hurls the unerring 410 Steel; and the flying spear, as it sunders the shadows of midnight, Speeds to the back of the opposite Sulmo, and there it is broken Short, and, though shivered its handle, it pierces his innermost vitals. Over he rolls, and the warm stream vomiting forth from his bosom, Cold and stark he with long gasps beats on his loins as he welters. 415 Wildly they stare around. But the fiercer become by this issue, Lo ! from the tip of his ear he balanced another projectile, Whilst they are wildered: the spear through both of the temples of Tagus Whizzingly hurtled, and blood-warmed stuck in the brain it had burrowed. Raves the exasperate Volcens, but nowhere discovers the weapon's 420 Hurler, nor where he may wreck, in the heat of his anger, his vengeance. " Thou, however, the meanwhile, thou shalt for both with thy warm blood Pay me the penalty's forfeit," he cries. And at once with his" drawn sword Went for Euryalus. Then in a tremor of frenzy, and maddened. Shouts out Nisus; nor could he conceal himself in the darkness 425 176 THE yENEID. Longer, nor yet was he able to bear such a torturing anguish: "Me, me, 'tis I who have done it; on me concentre your sabres, O ye Rutulians; mine is all the offense, for he dared not, Could not, have done it. Yon heaven and planets in consciousness witness. That he his luckless friend hath only too lovingly cherished." 430 Thus was he venting his words: but the sword has, with energy driven. Passed through his ribs, and is rending his spotless bosom asunder. Over Euryalus rolls in death, and the gore o'er his beautiful members Trickles, and, sinking collapsed, his neck falls back on his shoulders: Just as a crimson flower, when rudely cut down by a plowshare, 435 Languishing dies; or as poppies on wearied neck have enfeebled Drooped their heads, when perchance by the rain they are heavily weighted. Nisus now rushes on right in their midst, and aiming at Volcens Only through all, and on Volcens only concentres his efforts; Round him the enemy, massing on this side and that, in a close fight, 440 Thrust him aside, but he presses the more, and around him his flashing Falchion swings, till he buried it deep in the mouth of the loudly Ranting Rutulian, and dying has taken the life of his foeman: Then on his lifeless friend, he flung him, by many a death-wound Pierced, and there he in death in serenity finally rested. 445 Fortunate pair ! If in aught my verse can avail to effect it. No day hence to remembering time shall ever exempt you, Long as the house of .^Eneas shall dwell on the Capitol's moveless Rock, and the father of Rome shall possess the control of the Empire ! Victors and owners of booty and spoils, the Rutulian horsemen, 450 Weeping to camp were conveying the lifeless body of Volcens: No less sore was the mourning in camp on discovering Rhamnes Dead, and so many a champion slain in promiscuous slaughter; Yea, and Serranus, and Numa. Immense is the throng by the ghastly Corpses and half-dead men, and the spot still warm with the recent 455 Carnage, and copious streams of the frothy blood of the victims. Know they the plunder among them, Messapus' resplendently gleaming Helmet, and trappings of Rhamnes, recovered with many a sweat-drop. Now was the early Aurora bestrewing the lands with the new-born Glimmer of dawn, and forsaking the saffron couch of Tithonus: 460 Now, with the sun-light bathed, now with objects unveiled to the day-light, Turnus arouses his soldiers to arms, and in armor his own self Girding, he marshals his brass-mailed ranks in the order of battle. Each of them whetting his own fierce wrath by the various rumors; Nay, they on upright lances afifixing those heads — an unsightly 465 BOOK IX. 177 Spectacle ! carry in front, and they follow, with many an insult, Heads of Euryalus ghastly and Nisus: — Firm have ^neans in turn on the left-hand flank of the breastworks Marshalled in battle-array — for the right was enclosed by the river — Bravely they man the extended trenches, and stand on the lofty 470 Watch-towers sad, for the faces but too well known of their comrades. Flaunted, and streaming with sickening gore, were making them wretched. Meanwhile, flitting aloof through the horrified city, is Rumor Piniony speeding the news, and alights at Euryalus' mother's Ears. But the glow of a sudden has quitted the bones of the lorn one; 475 Shook from her hands is her shuttle, in tangle her warp is unraveled; Hies she unhappy abroad, and with dolorous feminine wailing Tearing her hair, she at once in her haste to the walls and the front-ranks Frenziedly flies, disregardful alike of the soldiers and danger and bristling Weapons; and thence fills heaven throughout with her doleful complainings; 480 " Such, O Euryalus, do I behold thee ? And couldst thou, the only Cheer of my old age, leave me alone, in this bitter bereavement, Cruelly ? When thou wast sent on so risky and bootless adventures, Was there not granted thy sorrowing mother the boon of -a farewell ? Ah ! on an unknown strand thou art lying the prey of the Latin 4S5 Dogs and the vultures; nor have I, thy mother, for burial laid thee Out, nor have closed thine eyes, nor have washed thy wounds in enshrouding Thee in the winding sheet, which I day and night was unwearied Weaving, the web with which I was soothing the cares of my dotage ! Where shall I follow ? What land is now thy dismembered and mangled 490 Limbs, and thy lacerate carcass, possessing ? Is this of th5'self, son. All thou returnest me ? This what o'er land and sea I have followed ? Stab me, if aught of compassion is yours, ye Rutulians: all your Weapons concentre on me, me first with the scimitar slaughter ! Or, O thou father supreme of the deities, pity and down this 495 Odious head into Tartarus hurl with a shaft of thy lightning. Since I can sever this cruel life by this medium only !" Thus by her tears were their spirits unnerved, as the wail of her anguish Thrills through them all, and their energies palsied are torpid for battles. Hence, as she kindles their sorrow, Idseus and Actor, by order 500 Prompt of Ilioneus sad, and abundantly weeping liilus, Take her between their hands, and replace her again in her dwelling. But on its resonant brass hath the trumpet its terrible larum Sounded afar; a clamor ensues and the welkin rebellows; Onward the Volsci are charging abreast, 'neath a shelter of bucklers, 505 178 THE ^NEID. Pressing to fill up the trenches, and open a breach in the breastwork; Part of them seek the approach, and the walls to ascend with their ladders — There where the line is the thinnest, and light gleams bright through the circle Not yet closed by the soldiers. The Teucrans are pouring against them Every species of weapons, and thrusting them down with their hard poles, 510 Trained from of old by a long- waged war in defending entrenchments. Rocks of a ruinous weight they were rolling adown, if by any Means they may shatter their shield-roofed ranks: yet though every hazard Glad to endure, the assaulters are, under the screen of their bucklers. Still insufficient; for where the stupendous array is converging, 515 There a prodigious mass are the Teucrans rolling and tumbling. Which hath Rutulians strewn round widely and crumbled their armored Screen, nor do daring Rutulians care to contend with the war-god Blindfolded longer; but strive to dislodge the besieged from their breastwork Merely with missiles:^ 520 There, in a different part, was Mezentius, horrid of aspect. Waving a Tuscan pine, and applies the fumiferous fire-brand ; While Messapus, the trainer of horses, and offspring of Neptune, Breaches the breastworjc, and clamors for ladders to mount to the ramparts. You, O Calliop^ chiefly, I pray now inspire me in singing, 525 What were the slaughters and havocs, that then, and there, with his broadsword, Turnus achieved : what hero each champion hurried to Orcus, Come ye, and with me unroll the voluminous files of the warfare. For you remember, ye muses, and you have the power to recall them. There was a tower of marvellous height, and with bridges as lofty, 530 Standing in sightly position, which all the Italians, with utmost Effort, were striving to storm, and with utmost stretch of exertion Raze: while the Trojans against them essayed to defend it with boulders. Hurling the meanwhile thickly their darts through its circular loopholes. Foremost hath Turnus a blazing flambeau flung at the beetling 535 Tower, and it fastened its flame on its side, which, by plenteous breezes. Caught in the timbers, and clung to the charred and inflammable door-posts. Wildered the inmates trepidant shrank, and in vain from their perils Fain would have made their escape. As they huddle together, and backward Crouch in the part that is free from the scourge, lo ! the tower, by their dead weight. Sagged of a sudden, and all of the firmament rings with the crash of its tumble. Half-dead down to the earth, with the great mass falling upon them. Pierced by each other's weapons, and gored in their breasts by the rigid Splinters, they come down headlong. Only Heldnor and Lycus Barely escaped, and of these in his youthful prime was Hel^nor, 545 BOOK IX. I 79 Whom to Mseonia's monarch his vassal Licymnia furtive Bore, and had sent him, though under prohibited armor, to Troja; Light was he armed with a naked sword, and unblazoned his white targe: He, when he saw himself there in the midst of the thousands of Turnus, Saw, too, standing on this side and that the array of the Latins; 550 Just as a wild beast, thickly beset with a circle of hunters. Raves at the weapons that gird him, and fully aware of his death-doom. Plunges upon, and is borne at a bound o'er the spears of the huntsmen; So does the young man, certain of death, in the midst of the foemen, Rush, and advances wherever he sees that the weapons are thickest. 555 Lycus, far fleeter of foot, through the midst of the foe and their armor. Dashing, the meanwhile scuds to the walls, and endeavors to seize fast Hold of their lofty eaves with his hand, and to reach his associates' right hands. Turnus pursuing him, equal in pace on the run, with his weapon, Taunts him as conqueror thus: " And dost thou then, simpleton, haply 560 Hope to escape from my hands ?" And at once he remorselessly grabs him Dangling, and dashes him back with a plentiful part of the bulwark; Just as when Jupiter's armor-bearer, with talony clutches Swooping has carried aloft a hare, or a swan with its snow-white Form; or a wolf of Mars has purloined from the stables a tender 565 Lamb by its mother with piteous bleating bemoaned. There on all sides Rises a clamor: they charge, and the trenches fill up with embankment; Others are tossing the blazing torches aloft on the roof-tops. Stretches Ilioneus low with a rock, and a piece of a mountain Massy, Lucetius, just as he enters the gate and is swinging a firebrand; 570 Liger Emathion levels, Asilas beheads Corynaeus, One an expert with the javelin, the other with arrow at long range: Cseneus dispatches Ortygius, Turnus smites Caeneus the victor, Turnus slays Itys, Clonius, Dioxippus, Promolus, Sagaris also, and Idas, while standing in front of the high towers; 575 Capys dispatches Prinerus, whom erewhile the lance of Themilla Slightly had grazed, and he recklessly throwing away his envelope, Covered the wound with his left hand, and hence on its pinions an arrow Speeding, his hand to his left side pinned, and embedded within them Burrowed the vents of his breath by the deadly wound it inflicted : 580 Near there was standing in gorgeous equipment the offspring of Arcens, Decked with a needle-embroidered mantle, and bright m Hiberian Purple, of splendid appearance, whom Arcens his father had sent forth. Reared in the grove of his mother around the Symaethian streamlets. Where are the reeking and placable altars of patron Palicus. 585 l8o THE ^NEID. Dropping his lances Mezentius himself, as he saw him, a whizzing Sling whirled thrice by its tight thong round his head and discharging Point blank, right in the middle, his temples in twain with the molten Bullet divided, and stretched him sprawled on the ample arena. Then did Ascanius first in a battle, a feathery arrow 590 Aim, it is stated — before he was wont to intimidate wild beast Timidly fleeing — and felled with his hand the intrepid Numanus; Remulus once was his name, and he lately had wedded a younger Sister of Turnus, and so was allied by the tenure of marriage. He, in the fore-front ranks, words fit and unfit to be uttered, 595 Bawling aloud, was, inflated in heart by his recent dominion, Strutting about and by clamor attesting his mighty importance : " Are n't you ashamed to be once more cooped by a siege in entrenchments, Twice caught Phrygian captives, to screen you from death by your breastworks ? See now the heroes who sue for themselves our espousals by warfare ! 600 Who is the god, or what madness has on to Italia urged you ? Here are no sons of Atreus, nor crafty-of-speaking Ulysses; Hardy by nature our race, and our sons we at once to the rivers Carry at birth, and inure them to bitterest cold in their waters; Brisk are our boys in hunting, and weary the forests in practice, 605 Managing horses and shooting their shafts from the bow is their pastime; Patient of toil are our braves, and accustomed to suffer privation. Tilling the soil with their mattocks, and garrisons shakmg in warfare. All our life-time is frittered with steel, and we goad with inverted Lances the backs of our bullocks, nor ever does indolent old age 610 Weaken the force of our soul, nor diminish our vigor of manhood. We with the helmet our gray locks press, and it ever delights us New-found plunder to carry away, and we live by our rapine. Yours is a vesture embroidered with saffron, and gleaming in purple; Sloth is the joy of your heart; ye delight to indulge in the dances, 615 Aye, and your tunics have sleeves ! and your bonnets have ribbons ! O downright Phrygian women ! for Phrygian men ye are not; to your lofty Dindyma go, where the pipe plays a two-toned tune to the wonted. There Berecynthian timbrels, and lute of your Idsean mother Summon you; leave then armor to men and surrender the sabre." 6:0 Him thus ranting bravadoes, and chanting such infamous insults, Brooked not Ascanius; turning around he a shaft on his horse-hair Bowstring leveled upon him, and stretching his arms to the utmost. Paused, and in suppliance first he to Jupiter prayed. with a votive : " O omnipotent Jupiter nod to my daring adventure; 625 BOOK IX. l8l I in thy temples will willingly offer thee solemn oblations, Yea, and wiir station in front of thine altars a bullock with gilded Forehead, unblemished, and bearing his head on a par with his mother; One that now butts with his horns, and that scatters the sand with his fore- feet." Listened the father of heaven, and thundered assent from the tranquil 630 Sky on the left : in a twinkle there twanged the fatiferous bow-string. Sped, with a horrible whizzing, the back-drawn feathery arrow; Right through Remulus' head it came, and his sockety temples Pierced with its steel. " Go, bluster at valor in insolent railing ! Twice caught Phrygians back to Rutulians send these responses." 635 This much Ascanius answers : the Teucrans with deafening plaudit Shout in exhilarant glee, and their spirit exalt to the planets. Then, as it chanced, from the regions of aether, the crested Apollo Down on Ausonia's battle-array, and the city was gazing. Perched on a cloud, and thus he addresses the victor liilus : 640 " On in thy new-won valor, my boy ; so the way to the stars goes, Deity-born, to become a begetter of gods ! It is iittmg All wars destined to come should be under Assaracus' peerage Peacefully settled : no Troja confines thee." He, soon as he spake this, Plunges from loftiest aether, and cleaves through the whispering breezes, 645 Seeking Ascanius. Then he is changed in the form of his features Into the elderly Butes, who late was the Dardan Anchises' Armor-bearer, and before was the trusty guard of his thresholds : Then had his father assigned him to he as Ascanius' escort. Just, like the old man was, in his voice and complexion, Apollo 650 Marching with hoary locks, and his armor of ominous rattle, And he in these terms sagely addresses the ardent liilus : " Let it suflSce thee, O son of ^neas, that safe hath Numanus Died by thy weapons : this early distinction the mighty Apollo Kindly accords, nor envies thee even competitive armor : 655 Cease, boy, longer to meddle with war." So saying Apollo Started, and left in the midst of his speech the observance of mortals. Vanishing far from their eyes, on the thin and intangible breezes. Veteran sons of Dardanus knew both the god and his god-like Weapons, and heard, in his flight, the portentous clank of his quiver. 660 Therefore, o'erawed by the words and the presence of Phoebus, though eager Still for the fight, they Ascanius check; they themselves in the contests Enter again, and adventure their lives in the obvious hazards. Shouts on the battlements boom through the whole extent of the breastworks; Bend they their powerful bows, and hurl their adjustable sling-darts. 665 l82 THE ^NEID. Strewn is the whole soil thick with the weapons : then bucklers and hollow Helmets resound with the whacks, and uproarious rises the combat; Just as the rain, as it comes from the west in the time of the rain-kids, Lashes the ground, and precipitous down, are, with many a hail-stone, Swooping the clouds on the depths, and appallingly Jove by his south-winds 670 Hurls the watery tempest, and ruptures in heaven the cave-mists. Pandarus, meanwhile, and Bitias — sons of Alcanor of Ida, Whom in Jupiter's grove brought forth Isera the wood-nymph. Warriors lofty as pines, and as tall as their national mountains — Open the portal assigned them by order express of their leader, 675 Trusting their armor, and boldly the foemen invite in the ramparts. They though within on the right and the left, like towers are standing Armored in steel, and their tall heads sparkling with glittering plumage. Just like a pair of aerial oaks, that around by the flowing Streams, or the banks of the Po, or along by the Athesis lovely 680 Rise; and, uplifting their unshorn heads in defiance to heaven. Nod, as they wave in the breeze, with their summits sublimely exalted. In burst free the Rutulians, soon as they see the approaches thrown open. Instantly Quercens, and chieftain Aquicolus, brilliant in armor, Tmarus the reckless of soul, and with them, Mavortian Hsemon, 685 Either have turned with their whole brigades their backs and retreated, Or they have laid down life on the very sill of the gateway. Then in the combatants' souls are increasing intenser resentments; Yea and the Trojans collected already are massed at the same point, Battling hand to hand, and they venture to sally beyond it. 690 Soon to the champion Turnus, in rage in a different quarter Putting the heroes to rout, is the news conveyed that the foemen Glow with a recent slaughter and offer a wide open gateway. Prompt he abandons his effort, and, roused by a savage resentment, Rushes away to Dardania's gate, and the insolent brothers: 695 And he Antiphates first, for he first was careering to meet him. Born of a Theban mother, the natural son of exalted Sarp^don, Felled by a quick hurled dart: forth fiits the Italian cornel. Blithe through the yielding air, and, infixed in his stomach, it passes Deep in his breast, and the den of the dark wound renders a frothy 700 Wave, and the steel in his transfixed lungs grows warm in its passage. Then does he Meropes, Erymans fell by his hand, then Aphidnus; Then fells Bitias fiery of eye and of furious spirit. Not with a dart, for he would not have yielded his life to a javelin, But there comes a contorted, and mightily whizzing falaric 705 BOOK IX. 183 Launched, like a thunderbolt, forth, which not two impervious bull's hides, No, nor his trusty mail with its duplicate plating and gold-work. Even could stand; and, coUapsingly tumble his lumbering members: Earth gives a groan as his buckler ponderous thunders upon him : Such as on Baise's Euboican sea-beach a break-water rocky 710 Sometimes sinks, which constructed of monstrous masses beforehand, Workmen embed in the deep: just so it moreover a ruin Downward sweeps, as it settles submerged deep down in the waters: Seas are embroiled, and the dark sands upward are borne from the bottom; Then with a roar steep Prochyta quakes, and Inarime's crusty 715 Bed on Typhceus imposed by Jupiter's sentencing mandate. Here the armipotent Mars to the Latian heroes a spirit Added, and, deep in their bosoms, applying his irritant rowels, Sends forth Panic, and grim-faced Fear in the midst of the Teucrans. Crowd they on all sides, since there is granted them plenty of fighting: 720 And on each soul is alighting the war-god: — Pandarus, as he descries, in the sprawling carcass, his brother. And in what posture is fortune, what jeopardy threatens their welfare, Now by a powerful effort, the gate on its pivoted hinges Swings, as he pushes with brawny shoulders, and many a townsman 725 Leaves outside of the walls, and exposed to the arduous contest: But he includes with himself, and receives as they hurry in, others; Fool ! that he did not behold the Rutulian king in the column's Centre inrushing, and shut him, as if by design, in the city. Just like a ravenous tiger amid pusillanimous cattle. 730 Instantly new light flashed from his glistening eyes, and his armor Horribly rattled: the blood-red plumes on the cone of his helmet Tremble, and out of his buckler he launches irradiant lightnings. Suddenly smitten with fright, the ^neans distinguish his hated Face and enormous limbs. Then giant Pandarus forward 735 Leaps, and ablaze with intensest wrath at the death of his brother, Speaks out : " This is no doweried palace of queenly Amata ! This is not Ardea's midst that may hold in the walls of his country Turnus: thou seest the enemy's camp, and no power to depart hence ! " Scornfully smiling upon him with bosom immovable Turnus: 740 " On, if there's aught of a man in thy soul, and encounter this right hand ! So shalt thou tell it to Priam, that here thou hast found an Achilles ! " Spake he : the former his spear, all gnarlly with knots and with crude bark, Hurls, and he bends to the effort with all his available vigor: Breezes have caught it; the oncoming wound hath Saturnian Juno 745 184 THE yENEID. Parried aside, and his spear hangs fixed in the opposite gate-way. " But thou shalt not so escape from this weapon which firmly my right hand Wields, for the owner of weapon and source of its wounds is another." So he exclaims, and uprises aloft on his elevate broad-sword, And with its keen steel, right in the centre between his temples, his forehead 750 Cleaves, and with hideous gash as it passes dissevers his beardless Cheeks: there arises a crash, and the earth with his lumbering weight shook; Dying he sprawls on the ground, his collapsing joints and his armor Spattered with brains, and in equal divisions his head, as it rolled back, Hither and thither hung down unsightly on each of his shoulders. 755 Turning now scatter the Trojans in trepidant panic asunder; Yea, and had promptly the fortunate thought have occurred to the victor. Then to have sundered the bars with his hands and admitted his comrades. That might have proved as the terminal day of the war and the nation; But his impetuous fury, and maddening craving for carnage, 760 Drove him ablaze on the foemen: — He at the outset catches Phaleres, and with him the ham-strung Gyges: hence seizing the spears of the fugitive soldiers, he plies them Sharp in their rear; for Juno supplies him with vigor and valor: Halys he adds as an escort, and Phegeus, pierced through his buckler. 765 Then unawares on the walls, as they rally their troops for the onset, Slays he Alcander, and Halius, slays, too, Noemon, Prytanis. Lynceus, rushing to meet him, and calling aloud on his comrades. He, as he dexterous leans from the breastwork, with his brandishing broadsword Slashes; his head, by a single stroke of the weapon at close range, 770 Cast off afar with his helmet lay. Then the waster of wild beasts, Amycus, also he slaughters, than whom no other was apter Known in anointing a weapon, and arming its steel with a poison. Clytius, .^olus' son, too, and Cretheus, a friend to the Muses, Cretheus a mate of the Muses, whose sonnets and harp were forever 775 Dear to his heart, and he tuning its strings to melodious measures. Ever was singing of steeds, and of arms and the battles of heroes. Teucran commanders at length, as they hear of the slaughter of allies, Gather together; and Mnestheus, and dauntlessly eager Sergestus, See their associates pallid with fright, and the foeman admitted. [rades:] 780 Mnestheus: " Where, at length, where are ye bending your flight," says he, " corn- Have ye still other defenses, still further ulterior ramparts ? Say, shall a single foeman, O citizens, hedged all round by your breastworks. Thus with impunity, make through your city such horrible havoc ? Shall he dispatch so many an eminent hero to Orcus ? 785 BOOK IX. 185 O, for your suffering country, your gods, and the mighty vEneas, Have you, ye cowards, no shame and no sense of dishonor within you ? " Fired by such chidings they halt, and, amassing together in column, Rally. By little and little now Turnus retires from the contest, Seeking the stream, and the quarter begirt by its sheltering billow. 790 Fiercer the Teucrans, with boisterous clamor are pressing upon him: Cluster around him a legion; as when on a savage lion a rabble Steadily close with inimical weapons; he, frightened and goaded, Wrathfully glowering, backward retreats, and neither his wrath nor his prowess Let him exhibit his back; nor, however desirous to venture, 795 Has he the co^irage to press through the weapons and hunters around him: Just so Turnus, as hesitant, slowly his measuring footsteps Backward withdraws, though his mind is intensely a boil with resentment. Nay, but he twice did make an assault on the midst of his foemen; Twice did he, turning, drive back to the walls their scattering columns. 800 But the entire reserve quick crowd from the camps in a body. Nor does Saturnian Juno dare to supply him with needful Arnior and vigor, for Jupiter down from the heavens beforehand Iris hath sent to convey no gentle commands to her sister. Should not Turnus withdraw from the lofty redoubts of the Teucrans. 805 Therefore the champion could not, either with buckler or right hand. Cope with such odds; he is so by the weapons projected from all sides Whelmed. With a ceaseless tinkle, around his sockety temples Rattles his helm, and its solid brass by their cobbles as battered. [810 Down from his forehead were stricken his plumes, and the boss of his buckler Bides not the blows: with their lances the Trojans and thundering Mnestheus Wrathful redouble their thrusts. From the whole of his body the sweat-drops Stream, and the pitchy flow — for he has not the power to recover Breath— pours down, and a laboring panting qu-vers his wracked limbs. Then he at length, by a headlong leap, with the whole of his armor 815 Plunged in the current: it free on its yellowish eddies receives him Coming, and bearing him tenderly off on its lenient billows. Sent him, all washed from his carnage, exultingly back to his comrades. BOOK X. Council of gods in Olympus : the battle's renewal, and Pallas Slaughtered by Turnus; Mezentius slain and his son by tineas. Meanwhile is thrown wide open the home of almighty Olympus, Whither the father of gods, and the sovereign of mortals, a council Calls to his starry throne, whence he gazes sublime on the landscapes All, and afar on the camps of the Dardans, amd tribes of the Latins: They in the two-front halls take seat, and he opens the conclave: 5 " Mighty indwellers of heaven, from whence hath the sentiment in you Changed for the worse, that ye quarrel thus only in partizan spirit ? I had not willed that Italia engage in a war with the Teucrans; What is this wrangle against my behest ? or what fear hath persuaded These, or those to take arms, and provoke a resort to the sabre ? 10 Time for legitimate fighting will come — and do not forestall it — When on the Roman castles imperious Carthage hereafter Mighty destruction shall launch, and shall open the Alps in invasion: Then will your struggle in malice, and scramble for issues be licit: Now let it be, and accordantly sanction a peaceful alliance." 15 Jupiter thus much briefly; but not so briefly the golden Venus replies: " Father eternal, thou sovereign disposer of men and of empires, Thou — for what else can there be, or who now can we sue for assistance ? — Seest how insolent now the Rutulians are, and how Turnus 20 Haughtily rides through the midst with his steeds, and how flushed with successful Mars he careers ! No longer do closed walls shelter the Teucrans; Nay, they inside of their portals, and e'en on the mounds of their breastworks Mingle in fights, and the trenches around are o'erflowing with carnage. Then, too, ^neas, unknowing, is absent: and wilt thou, then, never 25 186 BOOK X. 18 7 Let them be free from investment ? Again does an enemy threaten New-born Troja's defences; again does an army attack them. Once more, too, on the Teucrans upstarts from ^tolian Arpi Tydeus' son. I presume that my wounds at his mercy abide me: Aye, and that I thine offspring must wait the assaults of a mortal ! 30 If have without thy concurrence and sovereign permission, the Teucrans Sought for Italia, let them atone for the trespass, and aid them Not by thy succor; but if they have followed so many responses, Which both supernals and ghosts have imparted, why now can there any Agency thwart thy commands, and establish new destinies for them ? 35 Why here repeat how their shipping was burned on the sea-beach of Eryx ? Why, too, refer to the monarch of storms, and the furious tempests. Roused in ^olia, or Iris dispatched on the clouds with a message ? Now, too, she even infernals — that yet unattempted remaining Set of contingencies — musters, and loose hath Allecto in upper 40 Realms, as a Bacchanal, raved through the midst of Italian cities. Naught am I influenced now by supremacy — that we expected While there was fortune: let those thou preferest should conquer now conquer. If there is any retreat, which thy rigorous spouse to the Teucrans Offers, I, even by desolate Troja's smouldering ruins, 45, Father, adjure thee, O let me Ascanius send from the conflicts Safely away, and my grandson allow to survive the disaster. Let, if it need be, ^neas be tossed on the unknown waves of the ocean; Let him pursue thus whatever direction his fortune affords him : This one O let me protect, and withdraw from the terrible combat. 50. There is my Amathus, there is my Paphus, and lofty Cyth^ra, There my Idalian homes: there let him, his armor abandoned. Spend an inglorious life. Bid Carthage in grinding oppression Burden Ausonia: nothing from him shall the Tyrian cities Thwart. What delights can it be to escape from the scourge of a warfare ? 55 What to have fled through the midst of Argolican burnings in safety? What to have weathered so many a peril of land and the vast sea, While the Teucrans are Latium and renovate Pergamus seeking ? Were it not better to squat on the last ash-heap of their country. But on the soil where their Troja hath been ? O restore to the outcasts, 60 Father, I pray thee, their Xanthus and Samoi's : grant that the Teucrans Roll through their Ilian hazards again." Then imperial Juno, Stirred by a violent frenzy: " Why force me to break the profoundest Silence, and so to divulge in expression my smothered resentment ? Who, pray, of men, or of gods, has compelled thine .^neas to take up 65 1 88 THE yENEID. Arms, and to thrust himself as a foe on the monarch Latinus ? He, by the guidance of fate, hath Italia sought ! Be it rather Prompted by warnings of crazy Cassandra. And did we advise him Then, to abandon his camps, and his life to commit to the wild winds ? Aye, and to trust the event of the war and his walls to a stripling? 70 Yes, and unsettle Tyrrhenian faith, and the quieted nations ? Tell me, what god, or what rigorous potence of ours on the mischief Drove him I Where's Juno, or Iris dispatched on the clouds in this case ? So it is base for Italians with flames to environ the new-born Troja ! and base, too, for Turnus to dwell in the land of his fathers ! 75 Turnus, whose grandsire's Pilumnus, whose mother the goddess Venilia ! What, is it naught that the Trojans with dark torch threaten the Latins, Plowing with alien yoke their fields, and sequestering plunder ? Naught to choose fathers-in-law, and betrothed brides wrest from the bosoms, Suing for peace with the hand, and displaying their armor on ship-sterns ? 80 Thou from the grasp of the Grecians hast power to withdraw thine ^neas. Aye, and instead of a man to proffer a mist, and intangible vapor ! Yes, and transform his fleet to as numerous nymphs of the ocean: But for us to afford the Rutulians succor is awful ! Absent, unknowing yEneas ! Unknowing then let him be absent ! 85 There are thy laphus, Idalium; there, too, thy lofty Cythdra ! Why then attempt a belligerent city, and hearts that are dauntless ? We, to its bas£ are essaying to raze, then, Phrygia's crumbling State ! Is it we ? or he who has thrust on the Archives his outcast Trojans ? And what was the reason, forsooth, that Europe and Asia 90 Marshalled in arms, and dissolved, through perfidious theft, their alliance? Guided by me did the Dardan adulterer battle with Sparta 'Once ? Did I furnish him arms, or by lechery foster the warfare ? There it behooves thee to fear for thy darlings, but now thou belated Risest, and wrongfully wrangling, bootlessly bandiest banter !" 95 Such was the pleading of Juno, and all the indwellers of heaven Murmured in varied approval, as when the incipient cyclones Rumble, as pent in the forests they roll their indefinite murmurs On, and afar, to the mariners signal the gathering tempests. Then ithe omnipotent father, whose sway of affairs is the highest, 100 :Speaks, and the lofty home of the gods grows still at his speaking; OEarth to its centre has trembled, and loftiest jether is silent; Then, as the zephyrs have hushed, and the deep held quiet its surges: ■" Take hence into your souls, and infix my behests in your bosoms; Since it is not to Ausonia granted to join in a friendly 105 BOOK X. 189 League with the Teucrans, and this your contention admits of no ending: What is the fortune of any to-day, or whatever of hope each Carves, though Rutulian or Trojan he be, I unbiased will hold it, Whether the camps are invested in siege by the fates of the Latins, Or by Troja's unlucky mistake, and unfortunate warnings. 110 Nor do I free the Rutulians: each one's venture shall yield him Labor and fortune; for Jupiter portions impartial to all men: Fates will discover the way." By the streams of his Stygian brother. Yea, by the banks that o'erflow with a pitchy, caliginous whirlpool, Nods he approving, and trembled Olympus throughout as he nodded. 115 This was the end of the parley. Then Jupiter steps from his golden Throne, and the dwellers in heaven escort him in state to his palace. Meanwhile around each gate are Rutulians pressing to prostrate Foemen in slaughter, and girdle with flames their enemy's ramparts. But the ^neans' legion is holden blockaded with breastworks: 120 Hope there is none of escape. They are standing forlorn on the lofty Towers, and in vain have environed their walls with a scattering picket. Asius, Imbrasus' son, and as well Hicetaon's Thymcetes, Both the Assaraci also, and elderly Thymbris with Castor, Marshal the van, and attending upon them are both of Sarpedon's 125 Brothers, and Clarus, and Themon withal from the Lycian highlands. Straining in all of his body to lift it a ponderous boulder — No small part of a mountain — upheaves the Lyrnisian Acmon, Not less strong than his father Alytius, and brother Menestheus. These with their javelins, and those with boulders essay to defend them; 130 Others to kindle a bonfire, and arrows adapt to the bowstring. Lo ! in their midst, the Dardanian boy, the deservedly cherished Darling of Venus himself, with his beautiful forehead uncovered, Gleams like a gem that divides the yellowish gold in its setting, Ornament meet for the neck, or the head, or as ivory carving, 135 Set by artificer's skill in box, or Orician plane-wood. Glittering shines: his luxuriant locks in profusion his milk-white Neck receives, and a circlet of delicate gold as a fillet entwines them. Thee, too, magnanimous nations, O Ismarus, saw, as an archer, Aiming thy arrows vulnific, and arming their reeds with a poison, 140 Noblemen in thy Moeonian home, where the yeomanry culture Fertilized meads, and Pdctolus irrigates even with gold-dust; There, too, was champion Mnestheus, whom previous glory of driving Turnus away from the mound of the walls is sublimely exalting: Capys, too — hence is descended the name of Campania's city. 145 IQO THE ^NEID. Thus they among themselves had engaged in the strifes of relentless War, while vEneas was cleaving the shadowy Tiber at midnight; For he, as charged by Evander, on reaching the Tuscan encampments, Hies to the monarch, and states to the monarch his name and extraction; What he requires, and what he proposes; what forces Mezentius 150 Wins to himself, and adduces how violent also is Turnus' Bosom, and warns him how little reliance in human contingents Vests, and immingles entreaties: no dallying follows; but Tarchon Joins his resources, and forms an alliance. Unhampered by faith then, Lydia's clan, at the deities' orders, embarks in a squadron 155 Led by a foreign commander. Eneas' imperial flag-ship Pilots in front, with its figure a couple of Phrygian lions; Ida, so welcome to exiled Trojans, is pendent above them. There sits mighty ^neas, and pensively ponders within him Varied events of the war: while close by the champion's left side i6o Seated is Pallas, now asking of stars, and the way in the dusky Midnight; and now of the hero's disasters on land and the ocean. Open, ye goddesses. Helicon now, and awaken my numbers; Tell me what troop in the meantime follows ^neas from Tuscan Shores, and its vessels equip, and is wafted away on the high seas. 165 Massicus cleaves, with his brazen Tiger, the waters as vanguard; 'Neath him a troop of a thousand warriors, who have the ramparts Quitted of Clusus, and city of Cosas; their weapons are arrows: Light on their shoulders they carry their sheaths and letiferous cross-bows: With them is glowering Abas, whose whole host glittered in brilliant 170 Armor, and sparkled the stern of his ship with a gilded Apollo. Him had his native domain, Populonia, given six hundred Warriors, trained for the war: but Ilva had furnished three hundred — Ilva an island which teems with exhaustless deposits of iron. Third that Asilas, the deities' prophet to mortals, to whom were 175 Subject, as augur, the fibers of victims and planets of heaven — Subject the language of birds, and the ominous flashes of lightning — Hurries a thousand in crowded array, with their horrible halberts. Pisa Alphean in origin, but in its glebe an Etruscan City, bids these obey him. There follows the beautiful Astyr — 180 Astyr so proud of his steeds, and his atmorof various colors: Join him three hundred; one mind in them all is to follow their leader: Those whose abode is in Caere, and they who on Minio's low-lands Dwell, and in primitive Pyrgi, and those from unhealthy Gravisci. Nor would I pass thee unnoticed, in battle Liguria's bravest 185 BOOK X. igi Champion, Cinyras, no, nor thee, fewly attended Cupavo, Perched on whose helmet the feathery plumes of a swan are arising. Love is your crime, and your father's form is your fitting escutcheon; For they relate that, in grief for his favorite Phaethon, Cycnus, While he amid the poplar boughs, and the shade of his sisters, 190 Warbles and soothes by his plaintive muse his lugubrious amour, Growing hoary with delicate plumage extended his old age. Leaving the lands, and with melody soaring away to the planets. Proudly his son in the squadron, attended by equal detachments. Onward with oars his enormous Centaur propels, while its horrid 195 Self stands over the water, and threatens the waves with a monstrous Rock, as with long keel deeply it furrows the fathomless waters. Yes, and yon Ocnus musters a host from the bounds of his country, Son though he was of the prophetess Manto and Tiber, the Tuscan River, who gave thee, O Mantua, walls and the name of his mother — 200 Mantua rich in thine ancestry; but are not all of a single Lineage: triple her clans, in each clan are four separate peoples: Still is she head of the peoples: from Tuscan blood is their vigor. Hence too, against himself though, Mezentius arms the five hundred, Whom, by Benacus its father enveloped in mantle of sea-green 205 Sedge, on its tide was the Mincius leading along in a war-ship. Heavy Aulestes proceeds: with a hundred oars he, uprising. Lashes the billows: the depths are afoam, and the marble is rippled: Triton, the monster, is wafting him on, and appears with a conch-shell Frighting the deep-blue seas; and his shaggy front, as he skims them, 21b Seems like a man to the waist; in a porpoise is ended his belly: Foamingly gurgles the billow beneath his anomalous bosom. Such were the numerous notable chiefs, who were bound in their twice ten Ships, and, for succor of Troja, with copper were cleaving the salt-plains. Now had the day from the heavens departed, and bright in her night-run 215 Chariot fostering Phoebus was tramping the midst of Olympus. Wakeful ^neas — for trouble allows him no rest in his members — Seated is holding the tiller, and tending in person the mainsails; But in the midst of the voyage, behold, an array of his former Intimates meet him, the nymphs, whom cherishing Cybel6 lately 220 Kindly had bidden divinity don, and become from original vessels Nymphs, were now swimming abreast and were cleaving the billows, as many Even as bows of bronze that had recently stood on the sea-shores. They at a distance their sovereign knew, as they gambol in chorus, Cymodoc^a, who mid them all was the readiest speaker, 225 192 THE /ENEID. Following after him, steadies his stern with her right, as she looms up High in the rear, and with left-hand paddles the murmurless billows. Then she addresses him thus in his ignorance: "Watchest, ^neas, Scion of deity ? Watch thou, and loosen the ropes of thy canvas. We are the pines that of late, on the sacred summit of Ida, 230 Grew, now nymphs of the ocean, thy fleet ! As perfidious headlong Late the Rutulian pressed us with sabre and flames, we reluctant Severed thy hawsers asunder, and over the waters are seeking Thee. In compassion, our mother hath furnished this form as thou seest: Yea, and hath let us be goddesses, passing our lives on the billows. 235 Still is the youthful Ascanius held, in his trenches and breastworks. Safe in the midst of the weapons, and Latians bristling for battle. Now the Arcadian cavalry, joined with the daring Etruscan, Hold their appointed positions. To thrust his battalions between them, Lest they combine with the camps, is the desperate purpose of Turnus. 240 Come, then, rise, and betimes thine associates bid, at the coming Dawn, be summoned to arms, and assume thine invincible buckler, Which the Ignipotent gave thee, and bordered its edges with gold-work. If meanwhile thou regardest m)' words a delusion, the morrow's Light shall gaze on prodigious heaps of Rutulian slaughter." 245 Spake she, and, as she departed, his towering stern with her right hand Pushed, for she well knew how, and away it careers o'er the waters. Swifter than dart, or the arrow which rivals in fleetness the breezes. Others then quicken their speed. Amazed is the wondering Trojan, Son of Anchises, but comforts his soul with the marvellous omen. 250 Gazing aloft on the canopy o'er him, he supplicates briefly; " Ida's kind mother of gods, unto whom is thy Dindyma precious, Turreted city, and lions in couples submit to thy bridles; Be now my lead in the fight, and the augury graciously render Nigh, and to Phrygians, gftddess, be present with favoring footstep." 255 Thus much spake he; and meanwhile uprolling its curtain, the perfect Day was already advancing in light, and had routed the midnight: He at the outset issues his comrades orders to follow his signals. But to accoutre their souls with arms, and prepare themselves for an onset. Now was he fully in sight of the Teucrans and all their encampments 260 Standing aloft on the stern, when he thereupon high on his left hand Lifted his glittering shield ! A shout to the stars from the ramparts Raise the Dardanians: hope superadded arouses their resentment: Weapons in hand they uptoss ; as beneath a caliginous storm-cloud Often Strymonian cranes give signals, and far o'er the aether 265 BOOK X. 193 Sail with a racket, and hie with hilarious shout on the South-wind. But to Rululian prince and Ausonian chieftains it wondrous Seemed, till they, looking back, notice the sterns in a line to the sea-beach Turned, and the whole sea seemingly gliding away from the squadrons. Blazes the cone on his helmet, and crested the flame on its summit 270 Streams, and immense fires belch from the golden boss of his buckler; Just as at times, there lugubrious glare in the calmness of midnight Blood-red comets; or just as the blaze of the Sirian dog-star. Boding a withering blight and diseases to suffering mortals. Rises, and saddens the heavens with gloom by its ominous glimmer. 275 Nevertheless the trust of audacious Turnus recoiled not From prepossessing the beach, and preventing the comers from landing: Promptly he rallies their souls by his words, and as promptly upbraids them: " What ye have craved in your prayers is present, to crush them by main force; Mars is himself in your hands, men; now as a hero let each man 280 Think of his wife and his home; now let him recall the heroic Deeds and renown of his sires; with a will let us on to the billows, While in disorder embarking they stagger in taking their first steps ; Fortune assists the courageous: — " Thus he exclaims, and reflects with himself, as to whom he against them 285 Safely can lead, and to whom to entrust the beleaguered entrenchments. Meanwhile ^neas is landing his trusty allies from the lofty Sterns by the gangways: many the refluent surf of the ocean Watch as it ebbs, and commit themselves at a bound to the shallows: Others by aid of their oars. But Tarchon, surveying the sea-beach, 290 Not where the billows are heaving, and battering breakers are booming. But where the sea unobstructedly glides in a gathering ground- swell, Shoreward turns of a sudden his prow, and appeals to his comrades : " Now, O chosen command, with your stout oars berid to the effort; Lift, bear onward your galley, and yonder inimical landing 295 Split, and let even the keel for itself plow open a furrow; Nay, I begrudge not to shatter the ship in so risky a roadstead. If we can only land." As soon, then, as Tarchon had spoken Thus, his associates rose to a man at the oars, and with feathered Blades, right cheerily spurted their foamy crafts to the Latin 300 Meads, till their beaks are aground on the dry land set, and are stranded All of the keels innocuous — all but thy galley, O Tarchon: For as she dashed on the shallows, she hangs on a treacherous surf-crest Doubtfully balancing long, and, abortively breasting the billows. Crumbles to pieces, and tumbles the men in the midst of the surging 305 194 THE yENEID. Surf, whom the fragments of oars, and the floating benches, impeding Clog, and the refluent wave at the same time carries their feet back. Sluggish inaction detains not Turnus, but eager he hurries All his command on the Teucrans, and halts them in line on the sea-beach. Sound they the signals : .^Eneas the first has assaulted the rustic 310 Squads, as an omen of battle, and scattered the Latins around him, Slaughtering Theron, who tallest of heroes ^neas 'abruptly Seeks: but the chief with his scimitar, right through his coppery breastplate, Right through his mantle of spangled gold, drinks deeply his opened Side; then dispatches he Lychas, a waif of his mother in dying, 315 Sacred to thee, O Phoebus, because he evaded in childhood Haply the perils of steel. He the sturdy Cisseus, and giant Gyas not far off thence, as they scatter the ranks with their war-clubs, Stretches in death. Ah !. naught does Herculean armor avail them. No, nor their sinewy hands, nor Melampus, their father, though comrade 320 He of Alcides as long as the earth afforded them toilsome Labors. Behold, while he boastfully bandies his idle bravado. Hurling he pickets a dart in the mouth of the clamorous Pharus ! Thou, too, unfortunate Cydon, e'en while thou wast Clytius courting. Florid with earliest down on his cheeks, and thy recent attachment, 325 Thou by the Dardan's right hand slain, regardless of lovers Who of the young were forever thine, hadst, miscreant, fallen. Had not a thick set cohort of brothers confronted him, Phorcus' Offspring, and seven in number, who at him are septuple weapons Launching at once; though a portion rebound from his helmet and buckler 330 Harmless: a part of them, grazing the champion's body, the kindly Venus deflected. JEneas addresses the faithful Achates: " Hand me my weapons; against the Rutulians none shall my right hand Hurl unavailing, which have in weltering bodies of Grecians Stood on the Ilian plains. He then, seizing a ponderous war-spear, 335 Flings it: it fluttering sheer .through the brass of the buckler of Maon Whisks, and, at one and the same time, pierces his breast and his breastplate. Rushes his brother Alcanor, and steadies his staggering brother Up with his right hand : right through his steadying arm does the driven War-spear fly, and it reeking with gore keeps on in its tenor; 340 While from his shoulder his right arm hung by its ligaments lifeless. Then from the corpse of his brother, Numitor, snatching a javelin. Aimed it direct at .^neas; but it was not fated, though point-blank Tilted, to pierce, and it grazed o'er the thigh of the mighty Achates. Here in his body in youth's prime trusting, the Curian Clausus 345 BOOK X. 195 Comes, and at long range smites down Dryops with rigorous war-spear, Thrust home heavily under his chin, and suppresses the speaker's Voice and his life at a stroke by the stab in his throat; but he, falling, Thrashes the earth with his forehead, and clotted the blood from his mouth spews. Next, three Thracians, sprung from Borea's eminent peerage, 350 Three, too, whom Idas their father and fatherland Ismara sent forth, Fells he in various plights. Halsaeus upruns, and Auruncan Troops, and in turn, too, advances Messapus, the offspring of Neptune, Noted as trainer of horses. Now these, and now those, to their utmost, Struggle to baffle each other; the contest is waged at the very 355 Door of Ausonia; just as when various winds, in the mighty .(Ether contending, arise in their wrath, and, with energies equal. Neither will yield to the other, nor clouds, nor the sea will surrender; Long is the skirmishing dubious, all of them obstinate standing; So do the ranks of the Trojans, and ranks of the Latins opposing 360 Battle, and cling close, foot to foot, and hero to hero. Now in a different part, where a torrent had driven at random Rolling rocks, and the shrubbery, torn from the banks of the river. There, unaccustomed to forming a column as infantry, Pallas Saw his Arcadians turning their backs on their Latin pursuers; 365 Since the intractable lay of the land had induced them to send off Rashly their horses, he — which was his only resort in the crisis— Now by entreaty and now with upbraidings enkindles their valor: [ments; " Comrades, where are you bound ? By yourselves, and your gallant achieve- Aye, by the name of Evander your chief, and the battles he won you; 370 Nay, by my hope, which is emulous now of the fame of my father, [men Trust not your feet ! With your swords must a way be straight through the foe- Hewn, and where yonder battalions of men are amassing the thickest. There does your glorious country expect you, and Pallas your leader ! Now no divinities press ; we mortals are urged by a mortal 375 Foe, and our lives and our hands are as many as theirs for the issue. Yonder the deep, by the sea's unlimited barrier, bars us; Land, too, is wanting for flight; are we seeking the ocean as Troja?" So he exclaims, and bounds in their midst on the thick of the foemen. Lagus is first to encounter him, led in his daring by luckless 380 Fate, and he, hurling a shaft, as he grapples a ponderous boulder. Pierces him through on the median line, where the spine a division Forms with the ribs, and deep in his bones he receives the embedded Spear: nor over him caught unawares, does Hisbo surprise him. Though he was hoping indeed to effect this, for Pallas, as rushing 385 196 THE ^NEID. Recklessly on him, he raves at the cruel death of his comrade, Wary receives him, and buries his scimitar deep in his swollen Lungs; he then Sthenelus seeks, and Anchemolus, sprung from the peerage Ancient of Rhcetus, who dared to dishonor his step-mother's chambers. You, too, Larides, and Thymber, the twins, on Rutulian meadows 390 Fell, the descendants of Daucus, so closely resembling each other, That the mistake was perplexing to friends and amusing to parents: But now Pallas assigns you at length a revolting distinction; For thy head, O Thymber, the sword of Evander dissevered, Whilst thy dismembered right hand, thee as its owner, Larides, 395 Sees, as the quivering fingers twitch, and clutch at the sabre. Fired by his chiding, and seeing the glorious deeds of the hero, Mingled grief and shame the Arcadians arm on the foemen. Just then Pallas, as Rhoeteus flees in his vehicle by him, Stabs him. This space and this only of respite was granted to Ilus, 400 For while afar he at Ilus had aimed his powerful war-spear, Rhoeteus, coming between, intercepts it, O excellent Teuthras, Fleeing from Tyres, thy brother, and thee: from his chariot rolling Lifeless, he sprawlingly kicks with his heels the Rutulian meadows. Then as a shepherd, when coveted breezes arise in the summer, 405 Launches a conflagration diversely abroad in the forests. Spots intermediate suddenly catching, at once is the awful Army of Vulcan deployed in array on the limitless prairies; Seated as victor he gazes aloof on the rampant combustion : So does the valor of comrades, all in a body collecting, 410 Aid thee, moreover, O Pallas. But eager for battle Halsesus Charges upon them direct, and envelops himself in his armor. Butchers he Ladon and Pheres, Demodocus too, and with flashing Falchion slashes Strymonion's right hand off, as he raised it Up to his throat: with a boulder he batters the features of Thoas, 415 Strewing the bones immingled with gore-smeared brains on the meadow. Boding this issue his father had hid in the forests Halaesus: But when in death the old man loosened his whitening eye-balls, Destiny, fixing its grasp on his son, to the shafts of Evander Doomed him. Him Pallas attacks, thus praying beforehand: 420 " Grant me now, father Thybris, O grant to the lance, that I missive Level, a prosperous trip through the breast of the doughty Helssus; Then shall thy oak hold trophied the armor and spoils of the hero." Listened the god to his prayer, Helaesus, while shielding Imaon, Lucklessly bared his unarmored breast to Arcadia's weapon. 425 BOOK X. 197 But by the slaughter so sad of a champion Lausus, a leading Part of the battle, permits not his ranks to-be frightened: he slaughters First his antagonist Abas, the knot and the stay of the combat. Welter Arcadia's progeny; welter as freely Etruscans, You ye Teucrans, as well, whose bodies escaped from the Grecians ! 430 Hosts are encountering hosts, with their leaders and forces equated; Ranks in the rear are besetting those front, and the thronging allows not Weapons, or hands, to be moved. Here Pallas is charging and urging: Here to confront him is Lausus, their ages not greatly unequal; Noble in form are they both, but unfeeling had Fortune denied them 435 Each to their home a return: yet the ruler of mighty Olympus Suffered them not to engage with each other in mortal encounter; Soon do their own fates wait at the hand of a mightier foeman. Meanwhile his guardian sister admonishes Turnus, whose flying Chariot plows through the host, to repair to the rescue of Lausus. 440 Then, as he sighted his comrades: " 'Tis time to desist from the conflict; Singly I venture on Pallas; to me, too, singly is Pallas Due, and I would that his parent were present to witness the combat." Thus he exclaims, and his comrades retired from the level as ordered. Wondering now at retreat of Rutulians, then at the haughty 445 Order, the champion marvels at Turnus, his eyes o'er his huge form Rolls he, and distant surveys him throughout with a look of defiance. Then he undaunted in these words answers the words of the tyrant: " Now shall I either be lauded for winning superior laurels, Or for a glorious death, and resigned is my father to either allotment: 450 Bandy not threats." He spake, and proceeds to the midst of the level. Cold in the hearts of Arcadians curdles the blood as they see him; Down from his chariot Turnus has leapt, and on foot for a close-hand Struggle prepares. As a lion, when he, from a lofty position, Sees on the plains in the distance a bull stand thinking of battles, 455 Bounds off: just like his is the image of Turnus advancing. Then, when Pallas believed he had reached to as near as a spear's cast. Ere the encounter, if happily fortune would favor the venture In the unequal engagement, he thus on the limitless air speaks: " O by the friendship and board of my father, at which thou a stranger 460 Satest, I pray thee, Alcides, befriend my Herculean effort ! Let him now see me tear from his half-dead person his gory Arms, and the dying glances of Turnus endure me as victor." Listened Alcides anon to the hero, and deep in his great heart Stifles a groan, as he pours forth tears unavailingly o'er him. 465 igS THE /ENEID. Then the compassionate father his child thus kindly addresses: " Each has his definite day, and life's is a brief and returnless Season to all; but to spread and establish a fame by achievements, This is the service of valor; 'neath Troja's imperial ramparts Many an offspring of deities' fell : nay even Sarp^don, 470 Mine own progeny, weltered. His fates are summoning Turnus, Too, and he soon shall arrive at the goal of his limited life-time." So he exclaims, and withdraws his eyes from Rutulian meadows. Pallas, however, at Turnus, with mighty exertion, his war-spear Launches, and draws from its hollow scabbard, his glittering broad-sword. 475 That as it flies, where the uppermost coverings rise of the shoulder Lights, and, in forcing its way through the bordering rims of his buckler, Grazed in its passage at length e'en the muscular body of Turnus. Thereupon Turnus his oak-shaft, mounted with keenest of steel-point. Levels, though poising it long, at Pallas, and thus he bespeaks him: 480 " See, if this weapon of ours be of any more penetrant power ! " Spake he; but right through his shield, through so many a coating of plated Steel and of brass, and so oft though oppose it the compassing bull's hide. Right through the centre it whisks, and with stroke of the quivering spear-head Passes the stays of his corselet, and pierces his bosom enormous. 485 Warm from the wound does he pluck, though all unavailing, the weapon ; Forth from the self- same avenue issue the blood and his spirit: Down on the wound he collapses, and over him rattles his armor: Dying he gnashes, with gore-stained mouth, the land of the foemen. Turnus thus, standing above him: — 490 " Ho ! ye Arcadians, these my dispatches remember to carry Back to Evander, that such as his due, I restore him his Pallas; Honor, if any, of burial; solace, if aught, of entombing I as a favor bestow: not slight shall his cheer to ^neas Cost him." And having thus spoke, on the lifeless remains with his left foot 495 Stamped, as he snatches the wonderful weight of the champion's baldric. Blazoned an outrage — the self-same night of a wedding a youthful Company murdered, and reeking with gore the connubial chambers; Clonus, Eurytus' son, had in-gold in profusion embossed it: Over this spoil now Turnus exults, and gloats on its winning. 500 Ah ! how unconscious the human mind is of fate and its future Lot, and to keep within bound when elated with brilliant achievements ! Time will to Turnus accrue when he gladly would purchase at great price Ne'er to have meddled with Pallas, and rue both these spoils and the day he Won them ! However, with many a groan and tear his companions 505 BOOK X. 199 Following carry, upborne on his buckler, the weltering Pallas. O thou a grief and a glory immense to return to thy parent ! Thee hath this first day booned to the war, and the same is removing ! Since thou hast still left monstrous heaps of Rutulian corpses I Now of disaster so sad no report, but a surer informant 510 Hies to ^neas tc tell him his troops are in danger of utter Rout; it is time that he haste to the aid of the wavering Teucrans. Ranks that are nearest he mows with his falchion down, and a wide swath Sweeps with his blade through the host, and seeking, O Turnus, Thee in thy recent slaughter exulting; and Pallas, Evander, 515 All are absorbing his vision, the tables at which as a stranger Then for the first he hath sat, and their right hands pledged in alliance. Here four striplings, the offspring of Sulmo, as many whom Ufens Nurtures he seizes to offer alive to the shade of the fallen Hero, and surfeit the flames of his pyre with>the blood of the captives. 520 Then he at distahce at Magus had aimed his inimical war-spear; Deftly he cravenly stoops, and the dread spear quivering o'er him Flies, and he, clasping his knees, thus pleads as a suppliant with him: " O by the ghost of thy father, and hope of liilus, thy rising Heir, I entreat thee to spare me this life foi: the son and the father ! 525 Mine is a sumptuous home, and within it there lie in concealment Talents of silver and gold ; there are masses of wrought and of unwrought Gold of my own. Not here is the victory surely of Teucrans Pivoted, nor will a single life yield such an importance." Thus had he spoken; and, counter, yEneas thus renders him answer: 53c " Talents of silver and gold— the many thou boasted of having— Keep for thy children. Such traffic of war hath Turnus beforehand Taken away, just then when Pallas was brutally murdered: So thinks the ghost of my father Anchises, and so does liilus," Thus having said he, with left hand, grasping his helmet, and backward 535 Bending the neck of the suppliant, plunges his sword to the handle. Not far off was Haemonides, Phoebus' and Trivia's high-priest; Rich was the mitre, with sacred fillet, adorning his temples. Sparkling throughout in his vesture and radiant armor his person. Meeting he drives him afield, a;id when fallen, he over him standing 540 Slays him, and buries him deep in the shadows. Serestus his gathered Armor removes on his shoulders, thy trophy, O sovereign Gradivus. CebcuIus, sprung from the lineage noble of Vulcan, and Umbro, Coming from Marsian mountains, the battle array are renewing: Rages the Dardan against them. With scimitar keen he had Anxur's 545 200 THE y^NEID. Left hand lopped with its steel, and the whole round orb of his buckler: . He had been swaggering loud, and believed there would be, in his swagger, Force, and as braggart he doubtless was lifting his spirit to heaven ; Yea, and had promised himself gray hairs, and many a long year. Tarquitus onward in glittering armor exulting to meet him — 550 He whom the wood-nymph Dryop^ bore to Faunus the woodman — Thrust himself in the way of the ravager. He with his back-drawn War-spear cripples his corselet, and cumbersome load of his buckler. Then, as he vainly entreats, and is cravenly ready to utter Many a prayer, he tumbles his head to the earth, and the, warm trunk 555 Rolling along, he thus over it speaks from his merciless bosom : " There now, lie, thou alarmer ! No cherishing mother shall lay thee Low in the ground, and adorn thy limbs for ancestral sepulture: Thou shalt be left to the carrion kites, or the billows shall toss thee Sunk in their surges, and famishing fishes shall nibble thy gashes !" 560 Straightway thence he pursues Antaeus, and Lucas, the vanguard Columns of Turnus, and valorous Numa, and Comers, the swarthy Son of magnanimous Volcens, who then was the richest in grain-fields Counted of all the Ausonian nobles, and reigned in the silent Amyclee; Just as ^geon, of whom they affirm that he wielded a hundred 565 Arms, and a hundred hands, and had fifty mouths, and as many Bosoms, from which blazed fire, as he, braving Jupiter's thunder. Rattled as numerous bucklers, and brandished as numerous broadswords: So o'er the whole of the plain went storming the victor .